title: Dufferin Grove

abstract: Dufferin Grove is a neighbourhood located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, west of downtown. The neighbourhood is bordered by Bloor Street West to the north, Ossington Ave to the east, College Street to the south, and Dufferin Street to the west.

text:
# Dufferin Grove

**Dufferin Grove** is a neighbourhood located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, west of downtown. The neighbourhood is bordered by Bloor Street West to the north, Ossington Ave to the east, College Street to the south, and Dufferin Street to the west.

## Character

The neighbourhood is very green, with many trees and some of the largest gardens and yards in Toronto, and it has a very active nightlife, with many "hip" and urban restaurants scattered along Bloor and College. There are also many small independent specialty shops like bakeries, smoothie shops, and bike stores. The main streets of the neighbourhood are Bloor, College and Dufferin Streets. Dufferin, a four-lane arterial, is mostly residential with the exception of the Dufferin Mall on the west side south of Bloor. College Street is a four-lane arterial road, with a mix of commercial storefronts and residences.

The neighbourhood is predominantly two or three-storey detached or semi-detached homes at a medium density. The majority of Dufferin Grove houses were built between 1890 and 1930. Dufferin Grove's semi-detached and detached houses are larger than those found in most downtown Toronto neighbourhoods. The architectural style of the homes in Dufferin Grove ranges from early and late Victorian to Edwardian and English Cottage style designs. Dufferin Grove is a popular family-oriented neighbourhood due to the size of the houses and the amenities, including a popular community park, a shopping centre, schools and access to public transit.

Dufferin Grove is home to two elementary public schools, Ossington Old Orchard Public School and Dewson Street Junior Public School.

## History

The Dufferin Grove district was first settled by the Denison Family, who emigrated to Canada from England in 1792. The Denisons were active participants in Toronto's early military and political affairs. Their country villas were Toronto landmarks, that had titles such as "Dover Court", "Rush Holme", and "Heydon Villa". In 1834, with the city encroaching at their doorstep, the Denisons decided to clear the dense forest covering their property, and began cultivating this land. The fertile soil in the area yielded abundant crops and brought the Denisons great wealth. However, by the 1880s, the value of the Denison estates lay in housing development, not agriculture. Thus rows of crops were gradually replaced by rows of houses and the current neighbourhood was developed.

## Demographics

In the west (and to an extent east) end of the neighbourhood there is a large population of Portuguese, spreading out from Little Portugal located to the south-west.

The area has a larger than average population (compared to the rest of Toronto) in the age groups between 25–39, according to 2006 census data.

## Education

Four public school boards operate in Brockton Village, Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir (CSCM), Conseil scolaire Viamonde (CSV), the Toronto Catholic District School Board (TCDSB), and the Toronto District School Board (TDSB).

TDSB is a secular public school board that operates two elementary schools, Dewson Street Junior Public School and Ossington/Old Orchard Junior Public School, with both formerly operated by the Toronto Board of Education. TCDSB is a separate public school board that operates one secondary school in the neighbourhood, St. Mary Catholic Academy although the building was formerly known as an elementary school, J. J. McGrand Catholic School and later became the southern campus of Brother Edmund Rice Catholic Secondary School.

## InfoBox

| Dufferin Grove | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| Aerial view of Dufferin Grove in 2022 | |
| Neighbourhood map | |
| Location within Toronto | |
| Coordinates: 43°39′25″N 79°25′41″W / 43.657°N 79.428°W / 43.657; -79.428 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Ontario |
| City | Toronto |
| Government | |
| City Councillor | Alejandra Bravo (Ward 9)<br>Dianne Saxe (Ward 11) |
| Federal M.P. | Julie Dzerowicz (Davenport) |
| Provincial M.P.P. | Marit Stiles (Davenport) |


title: Anima (ensemble)

abstract: Anima is a Brazilian chamber music ensemble. Anima was formed in 2011 by Marlui Miranda; Silvia Ricardino; Marília Vargas; Paulo Dias; Gisela Nogueira –; Luiz Fiaminghi, and Valeria Bittar. Anima's last album is entitled Donzela Guerreira, by the label SESC of São Paulo state, in March 2010.

text:
# Anima (ensemble)

**Anima** (*musica mundana humana et instrumentalis*) is a Brazilian chamber music ensemble.

Anima was formed in 2011 by Marlui Miranda (singing, arrangements, Brazilian indigenous flutes, percussion, and research); Silvia Ricardino (Trobadour harp, research, and arrangements); Marília Vargas (soprano, research, and arrangements); Paulo Dias (percussion, harpsichord, organetto, research and arrangements); Gisela Nogueira – (viola of wire, research and arrangements); Luiz Fiaminghi (Brazilian rabecas research, arrangements, production, and executive direction), and Valeria Bittar (recorders, Brazilian indigenous flutes, research, arrangements, executive direction, and production).

Anima's last album is entitled *Donzela Guerreira*, by the label SESC of São Paulo state, in March 2010.

## Discography

* Donzela Guerreira (2010)
* Espelho (2006)
* Amares (2003
* Especiarias (200)
* Teatro do Descobrimento (1999)
* Espiral do Tempo (1997/1998)

## Awards

* Prêmio Estímulo pela Secretaria Municipal de Cultura da Cidade de Campinas (1993)
* "Melhor Conjunto de Música de Câmara" pela Associação Paulista de Críticos de Arte (APCA), em Música Erudita (1998)
* Prêmio "Melhor Conjunto de Música de Câmara" no V Prêmio Carlos Gomes de Música Erudita, (2000)
* Indicado ao IV e VIII Prêmio Carlos Gomes de Música Erudita, na categoria "Melhor Conjunto de música de Câmera" em 1999 e 2003.
* Prêmio Movimento de Música Brasileira. Categoria: melhor CD com arranjos instrumentais (1997)


title: Austin Belknap

abstract: Austin Belknap was a Massachusetts businessman and politician who served as a member, and last Chairman, of the Board of Selectmen of Somerville, Massachusetts, and as the third Mayor, of Somerville.

text:
# Austin Belknap

**Austin Belknap** (July 18, 1819 – December 9, 1902) was a Massachusetts businessman and politician who served as a member, and last Chairman, of the Board of Selectmen of Somerville, Massachusetts, and as the third Mayor, of Somerville.

## Early life

Belknap was born July 18, 1819, in Westboro, Massachusetts, to John and Ruth (Fay) Belknap of Westboro.

1. City of Somerville, Massachusetts (1901), *Municipal Manual of the City of Somerville, Massachusetts: published in the Year 1901*, Somerville, MA: City of Somerville, Massachusetts, pp. 191–192
2. City of Somerville, Massachusetts (1901), *Municipal Manual of the City of Somerville, Massachusetts: published in the Year 1901*, Somerville, MA: City of Somerville, Massachusetts, p. 191
3. City of Somerville, Massachusetts (1901), *Municipal Manual of the City of Somerville, Massachusetts: published in the Year 1901*, Somerville, MA: City of Somerville, Massachusetts, p. 192
4. City of Somerville, Massachusetts (1901), *Municipal Manual of the City of Somerville, Massachusetts: published in the Year 1901*, Somerville, MA: City of Somerville, Massachusetts, p. 180
5. City of Somerville, Massachusetts (1901), *Municipal Manual of the City of Somerville, Massachusetts: published in the Year 1901*, Somerville, MA: City of Somerville, Massachusetts, p. 179
6. City of Somerville, Massachusetts (1901), *Municipal Manual of the City of Somerville, Massachusetts: published in the Year 1901*, Somerville, MA: City of Somerville, Massachusetts, pp. 179–180
7. Samuels, Edward A. (1897), *Somerville, Past and Present*, Boston, MA: Samuels and Kimball, p. 493
8. Somerville Historical Society (January 1904), *Historic leaves, Volume II, No. 4;January, 1904*, Somerville, MA: The Somerville Historical Society, p. 100
9. Somerville Historical Society (January 1904), *Historic leaves, Volume II, No. 4;January, 1904*, Somerville, MA: The Somerville Historical Society, p. 101

## InfoBox

| **Austin Belknap** | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 3rd
Mayor of
Somerville, Massachusetts | |
| **In office**
January 3, 1876  January, 1878 | |
| Preceded by | William A. Furber |
| Succeeded by | Georga A. Bruce |
| Chairman of the
Somerville Massachusetts
Board of Selectmen | |
| **In office**
1870  January 2, 1872 | |
| Preceded by | Frances Houghton |
| Succeeded by | George O. Brastow, Mayoralty; Selectmen's Office Abolished |
| Member of the
Somerville Massachusetts
Board of Selectmen | |
| **In office**
1869  January 2, 1872 | |
| Preceded by | New position
Board of Selectmen expanded from five to nine members. |
| Succeeded by | George O. Brastow, Mayoralty; Selectmen's office abolished |
| Member of the
Somerville Massachusetts
School Committee | |
| **In office**
1862–1864 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | July 18, 1819
Westboro, Massachusetts |
| Died | December 9, 1902
Roxbury, Massachusetts |
| Nationality | American |
| Spouse | Jane P. Brigham |
| Children | Robert W. Belknap |
| Alma mater | Worcester Manual Labor High School |
| Profession | Civil engineer, engaged in Railway construction until 1843;
Produce business from 1843 to December 1902 |
|  | |


title: 2007 Futsal Mundialito

abstract: The 2007 Futsal Mundialito was an international friendly championship in futsal. The tournament was held in Algarve, Portugal from 4 to 8 of July 2007. The championship was played in Praia da Alagoa.

text:
# 2007 Futsal Mundialito

The **2007 Futsal Mundialito** was an international friendly championship in futsal. The tournament was held in Algarve, Portugal from 4 to 8 of July 2007. The championship was played in Praia da Alagoa.

## Tournament

### 1st round

#### Group A

##### Standing

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Portugal** | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 4 | +8 | **6** |
| **Slovakia** | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 4 | +3 | **3** |
| Mozambique | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 15 | -11 | **0** |

##### Matches

| Match No. | Date | Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2008-07-04 | Portugal | **3 - 1** | Slovakia |
| 2 | 2008-07-05 | Mozambique | **3 - 9** | Portugal |
| 3 | 2008-07-06 | Slovakia | **6 - 1** | Mozambique |

#### Group B

##### Standing

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Croatia** | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 4 | +6 | **6** |
| **Hungary** | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 3 | +6 | **3** |
| Angola | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 14 | -12 | **0** |

##### Matches

| Match No. | Date | Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2008-07-04 | Hungary | **7 - 0** | Angola |
| 2 | 2008-07-05 | Croatia | **3 - 2** | Hungary |
| 3 | 2008-07-06 | Angola | **2 - 7** | Croatia |

### Knockout stage

#### 5th & 6th Places

| Date | Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008-07-07 | Mozambique | **6 - 5** | Angola |

## Honors

| 2007 Algarve International
Futsal Tournament Winners |
| --- |
|
**Portugal**
**2nd Title** |

## Sources

Futsal Planet

## InfoBox

2007 Futsal Mundialito
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Tournament details | |
| Host country | Portugal |
| Dates | 4–8 July 2007 |
| Teams | 6 (from 2 confederations) |
| Venue(s) | 1 (in 1 host city) |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Portugal (2nd title) |
| Runners-up | Slovakia |
| Third place | Hungary |
| Fourth place | Croatia |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 11 |
| Goals scored | 89 (8.09 per match) |
| Top scorer(s) | Tamas Lódi (8) |
| Best player(s) | Arnaldo Pereira |
|


title: Estadio Cubierto Newell's Old Boys

abstract: The Estadio Cubierto Newell's Old Boys is an indoor arena located in the city of Rosario, Argentina. It is primarily used for basketball, futsal, and volleyball games. The arena holds 7,500 people for sporting events, and up to 11,400 spectators for concerts. Owned and operated by local club Newell's Old Boys, the venue was opened in 1978, six years after the futsal section had been opened. The first notable event hosted by the arena was the 1982 Southern Cross Games. The stadium has 1,400 seats, 16 boxes, 4 press boxes, among other facilities. It is considered as a symbol of the city of Rosario. The stadium was named after Claudio Newell (1878–1941), founding member of Newell's Old Boys in 1903. Newell also was major of Rosario, and deputy for Santa Fe Province (1924–28). In 2018, the stadium was refurbished to host the 2018 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup. Works included painting, improvements on the locker rooms, and a new lighting system that consisted of 1,500 LED devices, and were costed by the Provincial Government, which invested AR$4 million.

text:
# Estadio Cubierto Newell's Old Boys

The **Estadio Cubierto Newell's Old Boys** is an indoor arena located in the city of Rosario, Argentina. It is primarily used for basketball, futsal, and volleyball games. The arena holds 7,500 people for sporting events, and up to 11,400 spectators for concerts.

Owned and operated by local club Newell's Old Boys, the venue was opened in 1978, six years after the futsal section had been opened. The first notable event hosted by the arena was the 1982 Southern Cross Games.

The stadium has 1,400 seats, 16 boxes, 4 press boxes, among other facilities. It is considered as a symbol of the city of Rosario.

The stadium was named after Claudio Newell (1878–1941), founding member (and then 3rd. president) of Newell's Old Boys in 1903. Newell also was major of Rosario (Feb–May 1921), and deputy for Santa Fe Province (1924–28).

In 2018, the stadium was refurbished to host the 2018 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup. Works included painting, improvements on the locker rooms, and a new lighting system that consisted of 1,500 LED devices, and were costed by the Provincial Government, which invested AR$4 million.

## Sporting events

The arena has hosted several events such as:

## Concerts

Some of the artists that have played at this stadium are Ramones (1994), Patricio Rey y sus Redonditos de Ricota (1992), Ska-P, Joan Manuel Serrat, Luis Miguel, Soledad Pastorutti, Chayanne, Thalía, Teen Angels, Los Nocheros, Los Piojos, and La Renga.

32°57′19″S 60°39′45″W / 32.95528°S 60.66250°W / -32.95528; -60.66250

## InfoBox

Newell's Old Boys Indoor Arena
| Estadio Cubierto Newell's Old Boys | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| The stadium in 2014 | |
|  | |
| Full name | Estadio Cubierto Claudio Newell |
| Location | Rosario, Argentina |
| Owner | Newell's Old Boys |
| Type | Arena |
| Capacity | 11,400 (concerts)
7,500 (sports) |
| Field size | 25m x 44m |
| Surface | 7,800 m2 |
| Construction | |
| Opened | 1978 (1978) |
| Renovated | 1982, 2002, 2018 |
| Tenants | |
| Newell's Old Boys
(basketball, futsal, volleyball teams) | |
| Website | |
| newellsoldboys.com.ar/estadio-cubierto | |


title: Euergetism

abstract: Euergetism (or evergetism, from the Greek εὐεργετέω, "do good deeds") was the ancient practice of high-status and wealthy individuals in society distributing part of their wealth to the community. This practice was also part of the patron-client relation system of Roman society. The term was coined by French historian André Boulanger and subsequently used in the works of Paul Veyne.

text:
# Euergetism

**Euergetism** (or **evergetism**, from the Greek εὐεργετέω, "do good deeds") was the ancient practice of high-status and wealthy individuals in society distributing part of their wealth to the community. This practice was also part of the patron-client relation system of Roman society. The term was coined by French historian André Boulanger and subsequently used in the works of Paul Veyne.

## Development in the Hellenistic period

During the second half of the 4th century BC, profound changes occurred in the financing of public institutions. Without funding from wealthy individuals, at least symbolically, the legitimacy of these institutions could be called into question by the city. The idea emerged that the rich people were not contributing as they should, unless required or compelled to do so. At the same time, around 355 BC, Demosthenes mentioned the lack of contributions from the rich in his *Against Leptines,* as did Xenophon in *Poroi*.

At the end of the century, Demetrius Phalereus abolished two most important Athenian institutions. The trierarchy, a tax to support the building of triremes, was no longer necessary because Athens withdrew from the international arena after his defeat in 322. Furthermore, the post of choregus, a kind of powerful cultural programmer supporting many institutions, was replaced by an elected and state-funded judiciary - "the presidential contest (agonothésie), whose funding was supported by the State".

However, many honorary degrees were available, showing that the amounts incurred by them voluntarily to supplement those supported by the city far exceeded the cost of the former choregus. Thus, in 284/3, the agonothetai elected, the poet Philippides, was no longer reimbursed by the city for money he had spent. Similarly, some old magistrates were often funded by their owner: Athens, priests generally provided the victims of sacrifice, when the cosmetic and continues to oversee the ephebia in the Hellenistic period, that is now on his own money that finances most of the sacrifices, prizes for competitions, and routine maintenance of equipment and buildings. Although no document mentions as such that the holder of the office shall assume the financial cost of its charge, entries published annually in his honor shows that oversees the flow of the institution, some emphasizing that this city does not have to spend this year.

Thus gradually it was chosen to operate close to the philanthropy, which, like Aristotle wrote, "to safeguard the oligarchs" for the most important \[...\], magistrates must attach their public expenditure, so that people do not agree to participate and have the same indulgence to the judges that they must pay their judiciaries of a large sum. Therefore, "at their facility, judges will make magnificent sacrifices, and build some monuments and the people, then taking part in the banquets and feasts, and seeing the city splendidly decorated temples and buildings, wish to maintain the constitution and it will be for the rich as many beautiful testimonies of items they made.

However, until the middle of the 2nd century BC., the Greek philanthropy did not match the definition in Veyne. As demonstrated Philip Gauthier, this is a philanthropy that takes place most often "exclusively in official and civil (judicial and official business)". Moreover, in the 4th century BC and perhaps even the high Hellenistic period, the city did not create for his benefactors (benefactors) of separate status, superior to other citizens, and it recognizes their quality and not the title of benefactor. She thanked them and "get up with his service as any other citizen, but with higher average", the same way that voluntary contributions (epidoseis) enabled everyone, in proportion to his income, to demonstrate its commitment to the city by a gift of many talents or just a few pence.

Euergetism, as they developed next to a liturgical system "which is both a continuation and denial", allowed the city to direct its service expenditures of the richest of its members with greater emphasis before the official honors due to them in thanks. The latter could thus be obtained, whenever necessary, that funding is assured for the most urgent of needs, without incurring unnecessary costs, and without giving the feeling of stress to members of its elite, which retain the ability to book their wealth to their personal use.

The gradual disappearance of the liturgies occurred in the shift of the vocabulary of the Hellenistic period: the name *leitourgia* \- and the verb *leitourgein* \- loses its meaning strictly "expenditure imposed by the city" to mean "any part taken in an expenditure of public interest", including in conjunction with a public office (Judicial or priesthood).

This dilution of the immune system from euergetism to liturgy will be completed towards the end of the Hellenistic period. Financing Cities can then be compared to that in force throughout the Roman Empire at that time, the full Euergetism analyzed by Veyne in his book *Bread and Circuses*.

## Hellenistic generosity

Hellenistic generosity is a social practice in which rich people help out poor ones. It appeared in the Hellenistic world for the first time. It became a moral obligation for the wealthy citizens when seeking high magistrate positions in the Roman Republic, such as consul, praetor or aedile. The notion of generosity towards poorer citizens included provision for entertainments and civic banquets but also city amenities such as theatres, odeions (concert and lecture halls), libraries, baths, gymnasiums, fountains and markets that bore the inscription that so and so "built or repaired this *D.S.P.F.* (*de sua pecunia fecit*, 'done with his own money')."

## End of euergetism

From the 3rd century AD on, economic pressures made euergetism more difficult to practice, and was largely replaced with imperial funds taken from the provincial or diocesan budgets. Private euergetism eventually disappeared after Justinian's death and was replaced by the ecclesial charitable schemes.

## Bibliography

* Baslez, Marie-Françoise, ed. (2007). *Économies et sociétés – Grèce ancienne 478–88* (in French). Paris: Atlande. ISBN 978-2-35030-051-1.
* Habicht, Christian (2000). *Athènes hellénistique* (in French). Les Belles Lettres.

Roland Oetjen: An Economic Model of Greek Euergetism. In: Roland Oetjen (Hrsg.): "New Perspectives in Seleucid History, Numismatics and Archaeology." *Studies in Honor of Getzel M. Cohen. De Gruyter*, Berlin/Boston 2020, pp. 108–122.

* Ouhlen, Jacques (2004). "La société athénienne". In Brulé, Pierre; Descat, Raymond (eds.). *Le monde grec aux temps classiques* (in French). Vol. 2 : le IVe siècle. Presses Universitaires de France. ISBN 2-13-051545-2.
* Veyne, Paul (1990) \[1976\]. *Le pain et le cirque. Sociologie historique d'un pluralisme politique* \[*Bread and circuses: historical sociology and political pluralism*\]. Point Histoire (in French). Éditions du Seuil.

## Suggested Reading

An excellent source for understanding the patron/client system in the Classical world is Arjan Zuiderhoek's ″The Politics of Munificence in the Roman Empire″.


# 2007 Nigerian Senate elections in Yobe State

The 2007 Nigerian Senate election in Yobe State was held on 21 April 2007, to elect members of the Nigerian Senate to represent Yobe State. Ahmad Lawan representing Yobe North and Bukar Ibrahim representing Yobe East won on the platform of All Nigeria Peoples Party, while Adamu Garba Talba representing Yobe South won on the platform of the Peoples Democratic Party.

## Overview

| Affiliation | Party | | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| |  |  | |
| | PDP | ANPP | |
| Before Election |  |  | 3 |
| After Election | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|

## Summary

| District | Incumbent | Party | | Elected Senator | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Yobe North |  |  |  | Ahmad Lawan |  | ANPP |
| Yobe East |  |  |  | Bukar Ibrahim |  | ANPP |
| Yobe South |  |  |  | Adamu Garba Talba |  | PDP |

## Results

### Yobe North

The election was won by Ahmad Lawan of the All Nigeria Peoples Party.

2007 Nigerian Senate election in Yobe State
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **ANPP** | **Ahmad Lawan** |  |  |
| Total votes | | |  |  |
|  | ANPP **hold** | | | |

### Yobe East

The election was won by Bukar Ibrahim of the All Nigeria Peoples Party.

2007 Nigerian Senate election in Yobe State
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **ANPP** | **Bukar Ibrahim** |  |  |
| Total votes | | |  |  |
|  | ANPP **hold** | | | |

### Yobe South

The election was won by Adamu Garba Talba of the Peoples Democratic Party.

2007 Nigerian Senate election in aww
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **PDP** | **Adamu Garba Talba** |  |  |
| Total votes | | |  |  |
|  | PDP **hold** | | | |


title: Eugnosta euglypta

abstract: Eugnosta euglypta is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Rwanda and Uganda.

text:
# Eugnosta euglypta

***Eugnosta euglypta*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Rwanda and Uganda.

## InfoBox

| *Eugnosta euglypta* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Eugnosta* |
| Species: | ***E. euglypta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eugnosta euglypta***<br>(Meyrick, 1927) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Trachybyrsis euglypta* Meyrick, 1927 | |


title: 2008 Milwaukee Bonecrushers season

abstract: The 2008 Milwaukee Bonecrushers season was the 1st season for the Continental Indoor Football League (CIFL) expansion franchise. The franchise made an immediate splash in Milwaukee when it announced former Green Bay Packer Gilbert Brown signed a three-year contract to be the team's first head coach. However, the optimism quickly faded when Brown announced he was resigning from the position after just three games on April 8, 2008. Much of the team's staff and many of the team's players also left at the same time, raising eyebrows among the Milwaukee media and fans. The Bonecrushers finished 2008 with a hodgepodge of players and coaches, winning just one game, a 51-46 road contest against the Muskegon Thunder featuring a 26-yard touchdown run by Bonecrushers' quarterback Brian Ryczkowski on the final play of the game. The rumored reasoning behind the exodus of many of the original members of the franchise was the team's inability to pay its bills or personnel. This was confirmed when a judgment was entered against the Bonecrushers in favor of Challenger Industries, the company that sold the team its game field AstroTurf, in the amount of $29,539.29 on October 15, 2008. Challenger resolved its claim against John Burns, one of the owners of the Milwaukee Bonecrushers, prior to the matter going to trial.

text:
# 2008 Milwaukee Bonecrushers season

The **2008 Milwaukee Bonecrushers season** was the 1st season for the Continental Indoor Football League (CIFL) expansion franchise. The franchise made an immediate splash in Milwaukee when it announced former Green Bay Packer Gilbert Brown signed a three-year contract to be the team's first head coach. However, the optimism quickly faded when Brown announced he was resigning from the position after just three games on April 8, 2008. Much of the team's staff and many of the team's players also left at the same time, raising eyebrows among the Milwaukee media and fans. The Bonecrushers finished 2008 with a hodgepodge of players and coaches, winning just one game, a 51-46 road contest against the Muskegon Thunder featuring a 26-yard touchdown run by Bonecrushers' quarterback Brian Ryczkowski on the final play of the game.

The rumored reasoning behind the exodus of many of the original members of the franchise was the team's inability to pay its bills or personnel. This was confirmed when a judgment was entered against the Bonecrushers in favor of Challenger Industries, the company that sold the team its game field AstroTurf, in the amount of $29,539.29 on October 15, 2008. Challenger resolved its claim against John Burns, one of the owners of the Milwaukee Bonecrushers, prior to the matter going to trial.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Home/Away | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| March 21 | Chicago Slaughter | Home | Lost 41-64 |
| March 29 | Muskegon Thunder | Home | Lost 35-60 |
| April 6 | Flint Phantoms | Home | Lost 53-62 |
| April 12 | Marion Mayhem | Away | Lost 19-43 |
| April 19 | Chicago Slaughter | Away | Lost 18-56 |
| April 27 | Miami Valley Silverbacks | Home | Lost 42-43 |
| April 30 | Saginaw Sting | Away | Lost 28-51 |
| May 9 | New Jersey Revolution | Away | Lost 32-56 |
| May 17 | Muskegon Thunder | Away | Won 51-46 |
| May 23 | Rock River Raptors | Home | Lost 3-56 |
| May 31 | Saginaw Sting | Home | Lost 28-54 |
| June 7 | Rock River Raptors | Away | Lost 29-53 |

## Standings

|  | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | Overall | | | | Division | | | |
| | W | L | T | PCT | W | L | T | PCT |
| **Great Lakes Conference** | | | | | | | | | |
| **East Division** | | | | | | | | | |
| Kalamazoo Xplosion-y | 11 | 1 | 0 | .917 | 5 | 1 | 0 | .833 |
| Muskegon Thunder-x | 5 | 7 | 0 | .417 | 2 | 2 | 0 | .500 |
| Fort Wayne Freedom | 5 | 7 | 0 | .417 | 2 | 4 | 0 | .333 |
| Miami Valley Silverbacks | 3 | 9 | 0 | .250 | 1 | 2 | 0 | .333 |
| **West Division** | | | | | | | | | |
| Chicago Slaughter-y | 8 | 4 | 0 | .667 | 3 | 1 | 0 | .750 |
| Rock River Raptors-x | 7 | 5 | 0 | .583 | 3 | 1 | 0 | .750 |
| Milwaukee Bonecrushers | 1 | 11 | 0 | .083 | 0 | 4 | 0 | .000 |
| **Atlantic Conference** | | | | | | | | | |
| **East Division** | | | | | | | | | |
| New England Surge-y | 8 | 3 | 0 | .727 | 5 | 1 | 0 | .833 |
| Lehigh Valley Outlawz-x | 7 | 5 | 0 | .583 | 4 | 2 | 0 | .667 |
| New Jersey Revolution | 3 | 9 | 0 | .250 | 2 | 5 | 0 | .286 |
| Chesapeake Tide | 2 | 10 | 0 | .583 | 0 | 2 | 0 | .000 |
| **West Division** | | | | | | | | | |
| Rochester Raiders-z | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 |
| Saginaw Sting-y | 10 | 2 | 0 | .833 | 3 | 1 | 0 | .750 |
| Marion Mayhem-x | 7 | 5 | 0 | .583 | 0 | 2 | 0 | .000 |
| Flint Phantoms | 1 | 11 | 0 | .083 | 0 | 4 | 0 | .000 |

## InfoBox

| 2008 Milwaukee Bonecrushers season | |
| --- | --- |
| Owner | Bonecrusher Ent. |
| General manager | Chris Kokalis(resigned on April 8)
Jordan Kopac (interim) |
| Head coach | Gilbert Brown (resigned on April 8; 0–3 record)
Michael Tumbleson (interim) |
| Home field | U.S. Cellular Arena
400 W. Kilbourn Avenue
Milwaukee, WI 53203 |
| Results | |
| Record | 1-11 |
| Conference place | 4th |
| Playoff finish | *did not qualify* |
|


title: 2008 Milton Keynes Council election

abstract:
The 2008 Milton Keynes Council election took place on 1 May 2008 to elect members of Milton Keynes Unitary Council in Buckinghamshire, England. One third of the council – the 17 seats contested in the 2004 election – was up for election and the council, which totalled 51 seats, remained under no overall control. After the election, the composition of the council was:
  - Liberal Democrat 21 (–1)
  - Conservative 20 (+5)
  - Labour 10 (–4)

text:
# 2008 Milton Keynes Council election

The **2008 Milton Keynes Council election** took place on 1 May 2008 to elect members of Milton Keynes Unitary Council in Buckinghamshire, England. One third of the council – the 17 seats contested in the 2004 election – was up for election and the council, which totalled 51 seats, remained under no overall control.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

## Election result

Milton Keynes Local Election Result 2008
| Party | | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | 7 | 5 | 0 | +5 | 41.2 | 40.2 | 19,383 | +3.3% |
|  | Liberal Democrats | 7 | 0 | 1 | -1 | 41.2 | 30.1 | 14,516 | -0.5% |
|  | Labour | 3 | 0 | 4 | -4 | 17.6 | 22.1 | 10,664 | -1.6% |
|  | UKIP | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.7 | 1,792 | -1.4% |
|  | Independent | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.4 | 1,136 | –0.1% |
|  | Green | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.8 | 375 | -1.5% |
|  | England First | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.6 | 309 | +0.6% |


title: Eucosma aspidiscana

abstract: Eucosma aspidiscana, the golden-rod bell, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China, Mongolia, Korea, Japan, Russia, North Africa and most of Europe. The habitat consists of woodlands, downland, waste grounds and cliffs. The wingspan is 13–20 mm. The forewings are ochreous brown,somewhat mixed with paler and darker scales tending to form longitudinal streaks in the disc. The dorsum is partly darker fuscous and the costa is posteriorly strigulated with whitish and dark fuscous. The space between the basal patch and the central fascia is obscurely greyish tinged.The three streaks from costa posteriorly and the margins of ocellus are leaden-metallic. The ocellus includes three black dashes. The hindwings are fuscous, darker terminally. Adults are on wing from the end of April to June. The larvae feed on Solidago, Crinitaria and Aster species. Larvae can be found from August to April.

text:
# Eucosma aspidiscana

***Eucosma aspidiscana***, the **golden-rod bell**, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu), Mongolia, Korea, Japan, Russia, North Africa and most of Europe. The habitat consists of woodlands, downland, waste grounds and cliffs.

The wingspan is 13–20 mm. The forewings are ochreous brown,somewhat mixed with paler and darker scales tending to form longitudinal streaks in the disc. The dorsum is partly darker fuscous and the costa is posteriorly strigulated with whitish and dark fuscous. The space between the basal patch and the central fascia is obscurely greyish tinged .The three streaks from costa posteriorly and the margins of ocellus are leaden-metallic. The ocellus includes three black dashes. The hindwings are fuscous, darker terminally.

Adults are on wing from the end of April to June.

The larvae feed on *Solidago*, *Crinitaria* and *Aster* species. Larvae can be found from August to April.

## InfoBox

| *Eucosma aspidiscana* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Eucosma* |
| Species: | ***E. aspidiscana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eucosma aspidiscana***<br>(Hubner, \[1814-1817\]) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Tortrix aspidiscana* Hubner, \[1814-1817\] * *Tortrix aspidana* Frolich, 1828 * *Phoxopteris dahlbomiana* Zetterstedt, 1839 * *Pyralis obscurana* Fabricius, 1798 * *Grapholitha aspidiscana* var. *rubescana* Constant, 1895 * *Tortrix zachana* Hubner, \[1814-1817\] | |


title: 1912 French Grand Prix

abstract: The 1912 French Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at Dieppe on 25–26 June 1912.

text:
# 1912 French Grand Prix

The **1912 French Grand Prix** was a Grand Prix motor race held at Dieppe on 25–26 June 1912.

## The Race

The race was run over two days with the drivers completing ten laps on each day and their times being aggregated to produce the winner (similar to a modern rally race). Coupe de l'Auto cars competed alongside Grand Prix cars. The coupe cars were limited to 3 litre engines. The only restriction on the Grand Prix cars was that cars must be no wider than 1.75 metres. Riding mechanic Jean Bassignano was killed in a lap 3 crash when his driver Léon Collinet put a wheel off and flipped. 47 cars started the race at 30 second intervals, with Victor Rigal's Sunbeam the first to start.

Victor Hémery, driving a Lorraine-Dietrich, was the first to complete a lap, but David Bruce-Brown's Fiat led on time after lap one and retained the lead overnight, more than two minutes ahead of Georges Boillot's Peugeot. Louis Wagner was third at the halfway stage. During the second day, Bruce-Brown was disqualified for refuelling away from the pits on lap 15, giving Boillot a comfortable victory by over thirteen minutes from Wagner.

The Sunbeams performed extremely well in the Coupe de l'Auto race, with Rigal finishing in first place, Resta second, and Medinger third. Due to their astonishing speed they were also placed in third, fourth, and fifth places in the Grand Prix itself, beating many, much more powerful machines. Rigal averaged 65.35 m.p.h. over the 956 miles, only 3 m.p.h. less than Boillot in his 7.6 litre Peugeot.

## Classification

| Pos | No | Driver | Car | Laps | Time/Retired |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 22 | **Georges Boillot** | **Peugeot** | 20 | 13:58:02.6 |
| 2 | 23 | **Louis Wagner** | **Fiat S74** |  | +13:05.8 |
| 3 | 3 | **Victor Rigal** | **Sunbeam** |  | +40:33.4 |
| 4 | 17 | **Dario Resta** | **Sunbeam** |  | +41:49.2 |
| 5 | 52 | **Emile Medinger** | **Sunbeam** |  | +2:01:38.8 |
| 6 | 50 | **Josef Christiaens** | **Excelsior** |  | +2:25:36.2 |
| 7 | 20 | **René Croquet** | **Th. Schneider** |  | +3:33:36.6 |
| 8 | 30 | **"Anford"/ Pilain** | **Rolland-Pilain** |  | +3:51:29.4 |
| 9 | 36 | **Richard Wyse** | **Arrol-Johnston** |  | +4:09:16.6 |
| 10 | 40 | **Arthur Duray** | **Alcyon** |  | +4:30:53.0 |
| 11 | 32 | **Paul Vonlatum** | **Vinot-Deguignand** |  | +5:07:57.4 |
| 12 | 12 | **Dragutin Esser** | **Mathis** |  | +5:20:02.4 |
| 13 | 29 | **Cyril de Vere** | **Cote** |  | +6:59:03.4 |
| 14 | 28 | **James Reid** | **Arrol-Johnston** | 19 | +1 Lap |
| Ret | 33 | **Percy Lambert** | **Vauxhall** | 18 | Radiator |
| Ret | 55 | **A. Crossman** | **Arrol-Johnston** | 17 | Radiator |
| Ret | 7 | **Georges Sizaire** | **Sizaire-Naudin** | 17 | Lost a wheel |
| Ret | 14 | **Pierre Garcet** | **Calthorpe** | 16 | Engine |
| Ret | 27 | **Page** | **Alcyon** | 16 | Crash |
| Ret | 51 | **John Hancock** | **Vauxhall** | 15 | Engine |
| Ret | 38 | **Thomas Schweitzer** | **Sizaire-Naudin** | 10 | Engine |
| Ret | 21 | **Eugène Renaux** | **Gregoire** | 10 | Withdrawn |
| Ret | 24 | **Mario Romano** | **Gregoire** | 10 | Withdrawn |
| Ret | 34 | **René Hanriot** | **Lorraine-Dietrich** | 10 | Fire |
| Ret | 18 | **Philippe de Marne** | **Gregoire** | 8 | Steering |
| Ret | 4 | **Barriaux** | **Alcyon** | 8 | Engine |
| Ret | 56 | **Lucien Molon** | **Vinot-Deguignand** | 7 | No oil |
| Ret | 47 | **René Thomas** | **Lion-Peugeot** L3 | 7 | Engine |
| Ret | 19 | **Louis Naudin** | **Sizaire-Naudin** | 7 |  |
| Ret | 16 | **Gustave Caillois** | **Sunbeam** | 7 | Engine |
| Ret | 45 | **Paul Zuccarelli** | **Peugeot L-76** | 7 | Ignition |
| Ret | 31 | **Paul Bablot** | **Lorraine-Dietrich** | 7 | Engine |
| Ret | 25 | **Frank Rollason** | **Singer** | 6 | Engine |
| Ret | 39 | **Bramwell Heywood** | **Singer** | 5 | Crash |
| Ret | 26 | **L G Hornsted** | **Calthorpe** | 5 | Gearbox |
| Ret | 9 | **René Champoiseau** | **Th. Schneider** | 4 |  |
| Ret | 8 | **Léon Molon** | **Vinot-Deguignand** | 3 | No oil |
| Ret | 54 | **William Watson** | **Vauxhall** | 2 | Engine |
| Ret | 10 | **Léon Collinet** | **Gregoire** | 2 | Crash |
| Ret | 41 | **Fernand Gabriel** | **Cote** | 1 | Universal joint |
| Ret | 57 | **Stefan Heim** | **Lorraine-Dietrich** | 1 | Engine |
| Ret | 11 | **Victor Hémery** | **Lorraine-Dietrich** | 1 | Engine |
| Ret | 49 | **Albert Guyot** | **Rolland-Pilain** | 1 | Engine |
| DQ | 37 | **David Bruce-Brown** | **Fiat S74** | 15 | Refuelling away from pits |
| DQ | 42 | **Ralph DePalma** | **Fiat S74** | 7 | Work away from pits |
| DQ | 13 | **Jules Goux** | **Peugeot L-76** | 3 | Refuelling away from pits |
| DQ | 43 | **Fred Burgess** | **Calthorpe** | 1 | Too slow |

1. Higham, Peter (1995). *The Guinness Guide to International Motor Racing*. Guinness Publishing. p. 194. ISBN 0-85112-642-1.
2. Rendall, Ivan (1995). *The Chequered Flag*. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. pp. 66–69. ISBN 0-297-83550-5.
3. "Sunbeam cars".

## InfoBox

| 1912 French Grand Prix | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Race details | | | |
| Date | 25–26 June 1912 | | |
| Official name | Grand Prix de l'Automobile Club de France | | |
| Location | Dieppe, France | | |
| Course | Public roads | | |
| Course length | 76.989 km (47.840 miles) | | |
| Distance | 20 laps, 1539.778 km (956.800 miles) | | |
| Fastest lap | | | |
| Driver | David Bruce-Brown | Fiat S74 |
| Time | 36:32.0 | | |
| Podium | | | |
| First |  | Peugeot |
| Second |  | Fiat |
| Third |  | Sunbeam |


title: 1910 in Canada

abstract: Events from the year 1910 in Canada.

text:
# 1910 in Canada

Events from the year **1910 in Canada**.

## Incumbents

### Crown

### Federal government

### Provincial governments

#### Lieutenant governors

#### Premiers

### Territorial governments

#### Commissioners

## Events

## Sport

## Arts and literature

### New Books

## Births

### January to June

### July to December

### Full date unknown

## Deaths

## Historical documents

Prime Minister Laurier says creating navy is necessary for autonomous nation

Poster: Canadian Pacific steamship fleets

At Eucharistic Congress of Montreal, Henri Bourassa defends use of French in Catholic worship

Instructions to Cowichan Indian Agency include discouraging "foolish, wasteful and demoralizing" potlatches

Grain Growers' Guide reports "tricks" and "graft" Prairie farmers encounter at grain elevators

Socialist Party leaflet quotes Alberta MLA championing railway workers

Rudyard Kipling urges people of Medicine Hat not to change city's name

Lucy Maud Montgomery answers questions about Boston, women's suffrage, and Prince Edward Island

Cartoon: Angry women chase Toronto mayor saying "Wonder who told them we didn't encourage the suffragette movement in Toronto?"

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: |  |


title: 1677

abstract: 1677 (MDCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1677th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 677th year of the 2nd millennium, the 77th year of the 17th century, and the 8th year of the 1670s decade. As of the start of 1677, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

text:
# 1677

1677 in various calendars
| Gregorian calendar | 1677
*MDCLXXVII* |
| --- | --- |
| Ab urbe condita | 2430 |
| Armenian calendar | 1126
ԹՎ ՌՃԻԶ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6427 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1598–1599 |
| Bengali calendar | 1084 |
| Berber calendar | 2627 |
| English Regnal year | 28 Cha. 2  29 Cha. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2221 |
| Burmese calendar | 1039 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7185–7186 |
| Chinese calendar | 丙辰年 (Fire Dragon)
4374 or 4167
*to*
丁巳年 (Fire Snake)
4375 or 4168 |
| Coptic calendar | 1393–1394 |
| Discordian calendar | 2843 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1669–1670 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5437–5438 |
| Hindu calendars |  |
| \- *Vikram Samvat* | 1733–1734 |
| \- *Shaka Samvat* | 1598–1599 |
| \- *Kali Yuga* | 4777–4778 |
| Holocene calendar | 11677 |
| Igbo calendar | 677–678 |
| Iranian calendar | 1055–1056 |
| Islamic calendar | 1087–1088 |
| Japanese calendar | Enpō 5
(延宝５年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1599–1600 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 10 days |
| Korean calendar | 4010 |
| Minguo calendar | 235 before ROC
民前235年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 209 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2219–2220 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳火龙年
(male Fire-Dragon)
1803 or 1422 or 650
*to*
阴火蛇年
(female Fire-Snake)
1804 or 1423 or 651 |

**1677** (MDCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1677th year of the Common Era (CE) and *Anno Domini* (AD) designations, the 677th year of the 2nd millennium, the 77th year of the 17th century, and the 8th year of the 1670s decade. As of the start of 1677, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

## Events

### JanuaryMarch

### AprilJune

### JulySeptember

### OctoberDecember

* October 29  Michel le Tellier becomes Chancellor of France.
* November 4  The future Mary II of England marries William of Orange in London.
* November 16  French troops occupy Freiburg.
* December 7  Father Louis Hennepin of Belgium, exploring North America, becomes the earliest known European person to discover Niagara Falls, and the first to report its existence. In his book *A New Discovery of a Vast Country in America*, published in 1698, Hennepin writes "Betwixt the lakes Ontario and Eire there is a vast prodigious Cadence of water which falls down after a surprising and astonishing manner, inasmuch that the Universe does not afford its parallel."
* December 9  The French Navy, led by Charles de Courbon de Blénac with a land force of 950 men, lands at the Caribbean island of Tobago, lays siege to the Dutch fort defending the territory during the Franco-Dutch War, and destroys the structure when it fires a cannon overlooking the fort, striking the gunpowder arsenal. The explosion kills 250 of the defenders, including Dutch Admiral Jacob Binckes and 16 officers. Combined with the sinking of four ships of the Netherlands Navy, the victory at Tobago ends Dutch military power in the Antilles.
* December 15  The Siege of Stettin (the modern-day Polish city of Szczecin but, at this time, a possession of Sweden) ends after almost five months with Sweden's surrender of the city to Prussia's Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg. The siege, part of the Scanian War, had begun on June 25.

### Date unknown

## Births

## Deaths

## InfoBox

| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
| --- | --- |
| Centuries: |  |
| Decades: |  |
| Years: |  |


title: Anopedias

abstract:
Anopedias is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Platygastridae. The genus was first described by Arnold Förster in 1856. The species of this genus are found in Northern Europe and North America. Species:
  - Anopedias lacustris
  - Anopedias obscurus

text:
# Anopedias

***Anopedias*** is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Platygastridae.

The genus was first described by Arnold Förster in 1856.

The species of this genus are found in Northern Europe and North America.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Anopedias* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Platygastridae |
| Subfamily: | Platygastrinae |
| Genus: | *Anopedias*<br>Förster, 1856 |
|
| Extant species | |
| * *Anopedias lacustris* * *Anopedias obscurus* | |


title: 15 Years: A Retrospective

abstract: 15 Years: A Retrospective is the tenth Sons of the San Joaquin album. It contains three previously unreleased songs. According to the liner notes, the previously released material was "digitally re-mixed and re-mastered."

text:
# 15 Years: A Retrospective

***15 Years: A Retrospective*** is the tenth Sons of the San Joaquin album. It contains three previously unreleased songs. According to the liner notes, the previously released material was "digitally re-mixed and re-mastered."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Jack Hannah, except where noted

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Happy Cowboy" (Bob Nolan) | 2:08 |
| 2. | "Timber Trail" (Tim Spencer) | 2:15 |
| 3. | "The Gift" (Ian Tyson) | 4:05 |
| 4. | "Great American Cowboy" | 4:07 |
| 5. | "Along the Santa Fe Trail" (Al Dubin, Edwina Coolidge, Will Grosz) | 3:15 |
| 6. | "Song of the Rover" (Bob Nolan) | 2:08 |
| 7. | "Wyoming On My Mind" (Charlie Daniels) | 4:18 |
| 8. | "Is It Because" | 4:19 |
| 9. | "Anything But a Cowboy" | 3:25 |
| 10. | "From Whence Came the Cowboy" | 4:25 |
| 11. | "I Ride Along and Dream" | 5:03 |
| 12. | "Charlie and the Boys" | 5:32 |
| 13. | "Texas Plains" (Stuart Hamblen) | 3:21 |
| 14. | "UTAH (With One Eye)" (Previously unreleased) | 3:50 |
| 15. | "Ghost Riders in the Sky" (Stan Jones, previously unreleased) | 4:45 |
| 16. | "The Legend of Jake Kincaid" (Previously unreleased) | 3:21 |

## Personnel

**Sons of the San Joaquin**

* Jack Hannah – vocals, rhythm guitar, percussion
* Joe Hannah – vocals, bass fiddle, percussion
* Lon Hannah – vocals, lead guitar, rhythm guitar, percussion

**Additional personnel**

* Robert Wagoner – guitar
* Richard Chon – fiddle
* "Doc" Denning – lead guitar, rhythm guitar
* Dennis Mack – bass, rhythm guitar, accordion
* Jeff Hall – percussion, tambourine, lead guitar
* Mike Dana – guitar
* John Lauffenberger – bass
* Rich O'Brien – lead guitar, rhythm guitar
* Bob Embry – clarinet
* Ray Appleton – tambourine, accordion
* Mark Abbott – bass
* Randy Elmore – fiddle
* Dale Morris – fiddle
* Hereford Percy – banjo
* Tim Alexander – accordion
* Eddie Gordon – harmonica

## Production

* Sons of the San Joaquin – executive producers
* Jeff Hall – producer (except where noted)
* Russ Pate – producer (except where noted)
* Recorded at:
    + Maximus Recording Studios, Fresno, CA
        - Jeff Hall – engineer
        - Nye Morton – engineer
        - Eric Scherbon – engineer
    + Eagle Audio, Ft. Worth, TX ("I Ride Along and Dream")
        - Rich O'Brien – producer
        - Mark Talmadge – engineer
    + Warehouse Theater, Colorado Springs CO ("Charlie and the Boys", "Texas Plains")
        - Rich O'Brien – producer
        - Scott O'Malley – producer
        - Butch Hause – engineer
        - Mark Petty – engineer
* Mastered at:
    + Capitol Mastering, Los Angeles, CA
        - Robert Vosgien – mastering
        - Pete Papageorges – mastering
* Analog to digital transfers at:
    + Maximus Media, Fresno, CA
        - Eric Sherbon – digital transfers
* David Martin Graham – photography

## InfoBox

| 15 Years: A Retrospective | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Sons of the San Joaquin | |
| Released | Oct 8, 2002 |
| Genre | Western |
| Label | Western Jubilee Recording Company/Shanachie |
| Sons of the San Joaquin chronology | |
| *Sing One For the Cowboy*
(2000) ***15 Years: A Retrospective***
(2002) *For the Young, and the Young At Heart*
(2005) | |


title: Allan C. Spradling

abstract: Allan C. Spradling is an American scientist and principal investigator at the Carnegie Institution for Science and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute who studies egg development in the model organism, Drosophila melanogaster, a fruit fly. He is considered a leading researcher in the developmental genetics of the fruit fly egg and has developed a number of techniques in his career that have led to greater understanding of fruit fly genetics including contributions to sequencing its genome. He is also an adjunct professor at Johns Hopkins University and at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

text:
# Allan C. Spradling

**Allan C. Spradling** is an American scientist and principal investigator at the Carnegie Institution for Science and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute who studies egg development in the model organism, *Drosophila melanogaster*, a fruit fly. He is considered a leading researcher in the developmental genetics of the fruit fly egg and has developed a number of techniques in his career that have led to greater understanding of fruit fly genetics including contributions to sequencing its genome. He is also an adjunct professor at Johns Hopkins University and at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

## Education

Spradling obtained an A.B. in physics from the University of Chicago and a Ph.D. in cell biology from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

## Career

Spradling and fellow American geneticist Gerald M. Rubin are considered pioneers in the field of genetics for their work in the early 1980s with their idea to "attach" a gene to a *Drosophila* transposon, P elements, known to insert itself into fruit fly's chromosomes. From this research came work from other scientists on transposons as a tool for genetic alterations in organisms.

In 2003 Spradling was awarded the Beadle Medal and in 2008 Spradling was awarded the Gruber Prize in Genetics for his work on the *Drosophila* genome and continues his work in investigating novel technological approaches to genetics, egg development and stem cells. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2016. In 2024 he received the Wiley Prize.

## InfoBox

| Allan C. Spradling | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1949 (age 7475) |
| Alma mater | University of Chicago, Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| Awards | Newcomb Cleveland Prize (1983)
Genetics Society of America Medal (1989)
Edwin Grant Conklin Medal (2003)
George W. Beadle Award (2003)
Gruber Prize in Genetics (2008)
March of Dimes Prize in Developmental Biology (2018)
Wiley Prize (2024) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Genetics |
| Institutions | Carnegie Institution for Science, Howard Hughes Medical Institute |
|  | |


abstract: The 1985–86 Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball team represented the University of Iowa as members of the Big Ten Conference. The team was led by third-year head coach George Raveling and played their home games at Carver-Hawkeye Arena. They finished the season 20–12 overall and 10–8 in Big Ten play. The Hawkeyes received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament as #11 seed in the Midwest Region, losing in the first round to the NC State Wolfpack.

text:
# 1985–86 Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball team

1985–86 Big Ten Conference men's basketball standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | PCT |  |  | W |  | L |  | PCT |
| No. 5 Michigan | 14 |  | 4 |  | .778 |  |  | 28 |  | 5 |  | .848 |
| No. 16 Indiana | 13 |  | 5 |  | .722 |  |  | 21 |  | 8 |  | .724 |
| No. 18 Michigan State | 12 |  | 6 |  | .667 |  |  | 23 |  | 8 |  | .742 |
| No. 19 Illinois | 11 |  | 7 |  | .611 |  |  | 22 |  | 10 |  | .688 |
| Purdue | 10 |  | 8 |  | .556 |  |  | 22 |  | 10 |  | .688 |
| Iowa | 10 |  | 8 |  | .556 |  |  | 20 |  | 12 |  | .625 |
| Ohio State | 8 |  | 10 |  | .444 |  |  | 19 |  | 14 |  | .576 |
| Minnesota | 5 |  | 13 |  | .278 |  |  | 15 |  | 16 |  | .484 |
| Wisconsin | 4 |  | 14 |  | .222 |  |  | 12 |  | 16 |  | .429 |
| Northwestern | 2 |  | 16 |  | .111 |  |  | 8 |  | 20 |  | .286 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Rankings from AP Poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1985–86 Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball team** represented the University of Iowa as members of the Big Ten Conference. The team was led by third-year head coach George Raveling and played their home games at Carver-Hawkeye Arena. They finished the season 20–12 overall and 10–8 in Big Ten play. The Hawkeyes received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament as #11 seed in the Midwest Region, losing in the first round to the NC State Wolfpack.

## Roster

| 1985–86 Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball team | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| Pos. # Name Height Weight Year Hometown  F/C 3 Gerry Wright 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m)  Jr San Bernardino, California  4 Andre Banks 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m)  Sr Chicago, Illinois  5 Bart Casey 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)  So Iowa City, Iowa  10 B. J. Armstrong 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)  Fr Bloomfield Hills, Michigan  11 Michael Reaves 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)  So Milledgeville, Georgia  G/F 14 Bill Jones 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m)  So Detroit, Michigan  20 Jeff Moe 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)  So Indianapolis, Indiana  G/F 23 Roy Marble 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m)  Fr Flint, Michigan  24 Michael Morgan 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)  So Haughton, Louisiana  25 Ed Horton 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m)  Fr Springfield, Illinois  G/F 35 Kevin Gamble 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)  Jr Springfield, Illinois  40 Kent Hill 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m)  So Wichita, Kansas  44 Al Lorenzen 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m)  So Cedar Rapids, Iowa  F/C 54 Brad Lohaus 6 ft 11 in (2.11 m)  RS Jr Phoenix, Arizona | Head coach Assistant coach(es)  ---  Legend* **(C)** Team captain * **(S)** Suspended * **(I)** Ineligible * **(W)** Walk-on |

## Schedule/results

| Date
time, TV | Rank# | Opponent# | Result | Record | Site
city, state |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Non-Conference Regular Season | | | | | | | |
| Nov 22, 1985*
 |  | at Hawaii-Hilo | **W** 80–69 | 1–0
 |
Hilo, HI |
| Nov 23, 1985*
 |  | vs. Hawaii Pacific | **W** 85–68 | 2–0
 | Neal S. Blaisdell Center
Honolulu, HI |
| Nov 24, 1985*
 |  | vs. Arkansas-Little Rock | **W** 108–99 | 3–0
 | Neal S. Blaisdell Center
Honolulu, HI |
| Nov 30, 1985*
 |  | Abilene Christian | **W** 92–62 | 4–0
 | Carver-Hawkeye Arena
Iowa City, IA |
| Dec 3, 1985*
 | No. 18 | at Drake
*Iowa Big Four* | **W** 55–43 | 5–0
 | Veterans Memorial Auditorium
Des Moines, IA |
| Dec 6, 1985*
 | No. 18 | Arkansas State
*Amana-Hawkeye Classic* | **L** 62–66 | 5–1
 | Carver-Hawkeye Arena
Iowa City, IA |
| Dec 7, 1985*
 | No. 18 | Lehigh
*Amana-Hawkeye Classic* | **W** 89–68 | 6–1
 | Carver-Hawkeye Arena
Iowa City, IA |
| Dec 10, 1985*
 |  | at No. 20 Iowa State
*Rivalry* | **L** 61–74 | 6–2
 | Hilton Coliseum
Ames, IA |
| Dec 14, 1985*
 |  | Furman | **W** 81–61 | 7–2
 | Carver-Hawkeye Arena
Iowa City, IA |
| Dec 23, 1985*
 |  | at Gonzaga | **W** 55–43 | 8–2
 | The Kennel
Spokane, WA |
| Dec 27, 1985*
 |  | vs. Tampa
*Fred Meyer Far West Classic* | **W** 54–45 | 9–2
 | Gill Coliseum
Corvallis, OR |
| Dec 28, 1985*
 |  | vs. Boston University
*Fred Meyer Far West Classic* | **W** 76–71 | 10–2
 | Gill Coliseum
Corvallis, OR |
| Dec 29, 1985*
 |  | vs. Saint Joseph's
*Fred Meyer Far West Classic* | **L** 56–60 | 10–3
 | Gill Coliseum
Corvallis, OR |
| Big Ten Regular Season | | | | | | | |
| Jan 2, 1986
 |  | at Purdue | **L** 73–76 | 10–4
(0–1) | Mackey Arena
West Lafayette, IN |
| Jan 4, 1986
 |  | at No. 14 Illinois | **W** 60–59 | 11–4
(1–1) | Assembly Hall
Champaign, IL |
| Jan 11, 1986
 |  | Minnesota | **W** 75–62 | 12–4
(2–1) | Carver-Hawkeye Arena
Iowa City, IA |
| Jan 16, 1986
 |  | Michigan State | **W** 82–71 | 13–4
(3–1) | Carver-Hawkeye Arena
Iowa City, IA |
| Jan 18, 1986
 |  | No. 2 Michigan | **L** 57–61 | 13–5
(3–2) | Carver-Hawkeye Arena
Iowa City, IA |
| Jan 23, 1986
 |  | at Northwestern | **W** 76–43 | 14–5
(4–2) | Welsh-Ryan Arena
Evanston, IL |
| Jan 25, 1986
 |  | at Wisconsin | **L** 63–69 | 14–6
(4–3) | Wisconsin Field House
Madison, WI |
| Jan 30, 1986
 |  | No. 15 Indiana | **W** 79–69 | 15–6
(5–3) | Carver-Hawkeye Arena
 |
| Feb 1, 1986
 |  | Ohio State | **W** 86–75 | 16–6
(6–3) | Carver-Hawkeye Arena
Iowa City, IA |
| Feb 9, 1986
 |  | at Minnesota | **L** 60–65 | 16–7
(6–4) | Williams Arena
Minneapolis, MN |
| Feb 13, 1986
 |  | at Michigan State | **L** 73–83 | 16–8
(6–5) | Jenison Fieldhouse
East Lansing, MI |
| Feb 15, 1986
 |  | at No. 10 Michigan | **L** 66–82 | 16–9
(6–6) | Crisler Arena
Ann Arbor, MI |
| Feb 20, 1986
 |  | Wisconsin | **W** 101–48 | 17–9
(7–6) | Carver-Hawkeye Arena
Iowa City, IA |
| Feb 22, 1986
 |  | Northwestern | **W** 76–45 | 18–9
(8–6) | Carver-Hawkeye Arena
Iowa City, IA |
| Feb 26, 1986
 |  | at Ohio State | **L** 74–81 | 18–10
(8–7) | St. John Arena
Columbus, OH |
| Mar 2, 1986
 |  | at No. 16 Indiana | **L** 73–80 | 18–11
(8–8) | Assembly Hall
Bloomington, IN |
| Mar 6, 1986
 |  | No. 19 Illinois | **W** 57–53 | 19–11
(9–8) | Carver-Hawkeye Arena
Iowa City, IA |
| Mar 8, 1986
 |  | Purdue | **W** 77–64 | 20–11
(10–8) | Carver-Hawkeye Arena
Iowa City, IA |
| NCAA tournament | | | | | | | |
| Mar 14, 1986*
 | (11 MW) | vs. (6 MW) No. 20 NC State
*First Round* | **L** 64–66 | 20–12
 | Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome
Minneapolis, MN |
| *Non-conference game. #Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses.
MW=Midwest. | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Rankings

## InfoBox

| 1985–86 Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball | |
| --- | --- |
| NCAA men's Division I tournament | |
| Conference | Big Ten Conference |
| Record | 20–12 (10–8 Big Ten) |
| Head coach |  |
| Assistant coaches |  |
| MVP | Andre Banks |
| Home arena | Carver-Hawkeye Arena
(Capacity: 15,500) |
|


title: Anger (river)

abstract: The Anger is a 27.9 km long river in northeastern France which traverses Vosges in Grand Est. It rises in Dombrot-le-Sec and flows generally northwest to join the Mouzon at Circourt-sur-Mouzon.

text:
# Anger (river)

The **Anger** is a 27.9 km long river in northeastern France which traverses Vosges in Grand Est. It rises in Dombrot-le-Sec and flows generally northwest to join the Mouzon at Circourt-sur-Mouzon.

## InfoBox

| Anger | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | France |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | near Dombrot-le-Sec, Vosges |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Mouzon in Circourt-sur-Mouzon |
| coordinates | 48°16′57″N 5°41′59″E / 48.2825°N 5.6997°E / 48.2825; 5.6997 |
| Length | 27.9 km (17.3 mi) |
| Basin size | 233 km2 (90 sq mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | MouzonMeuseNorth Sea |


title: Elbow Lake (Grant County, Minnesota)

abstract: Elbow Lake is a lake in Grant County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota.

text:
# Elbow Lake (Grant County, Minnesota)

**Elbow Lake** is a lake in Grant County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota.

## History

Elbow Lake was so named because its outline is shaped like an elbow.

## InfoBox

| Elbow Lake | |
| --- | --- |
| Elbow Lake | |
| Location | Grant County, Minnesota |
| Coordinates | 46°0.5′N 96°0.5′W / 46.0083°N 96.0083°W / 46.0083; -96.0083 |
| Type | lake |


title: Ankotrofotsy

abstract: Ankotrofotsy is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Miandrivazo, which is a part of Menabe Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 8,000 in 2001 commune census. Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 60% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 10% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are beans and maize. Services provide employment for 10% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 20% of the population. At Ankotrofotsy the National Road 34 crosses the Mania River.

text:
# Ankotrofotsy

**Ankotrofotsy** is a rural municipality in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Miandrivazo, which is a part of Menabe Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 8,000 in 2001 commune census.

Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 60% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 10% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are beans and maize. Services provide employment for 10% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 20% of the population.

At Ankotrofotsy the National Road 34 crosses the Mania River.

## References and notes

19°48′S 45°31′E / 19.800°S 45.517°E / -19.800; 45.517

## InfoBox

| Ankotrofotsy | |
| --- | --- |
| AnkotrofotsyLocation in Madagascar | |
| Coordinates: 19°48′S 45°31′E / 19.800°S 45.517°E / -19.800; 45.517 | |
| Country | Madagascar |
| Region | Menabe |
| District | Miandrivazo |
| Elevation | 85 m (279 ft) |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 8,000 |
| Time zone | UTC3 (EAT) |
| Postal code | 617 |


title: El estreno de una artista

abstract: El estreno de una artista is a one-act zarzuela by Joaquín Gaztambide for libretto by Ventura de la Vega. Its first performance took place on 5 June 1852 at the Teatro del Circo in Madrid. It is an adaptation of an 1824 French opéra-comique Le concert à la cour by Eugène Scribe and Mélesville, music for which was written by Daniel Auber. After a long period of neglection, this zarzuela has been recently staged by the Teatro de la Zarzuela (2011).

text:
# El estreno de una artista

**El estreno de una artista** (*The Premiere of a Performer*) is a one-act zarzuela by Joaquín Gaztambide for libretto by Ventura de la Vega. Its first performance took place on 5 June 1852 at the Teatro del Circo in Madrid. It is an adaptation of an 1824 French opéra-comique *Le concert à la cour* by Eugène Scribe and Mélesville, music for which was written by Daniel Auber. After a long period of neglection, this zarzuela has been recently staged by the Teatro de la Zarzuela (2011).

## Roles

| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast, 5 June 1852 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| The Grand Duke | bass | Francisco Calvet |
| Enrique | tenor | Gonzalez |
| Sofía | soprano | Luisa Santamaría |
| Astucio | baritone | Francisco Salas |
| Marietta | soprano | Rizo |
| Chorus: ladies and gentlemen | | |

## Synopsis

The zarzuela is set in Florence, in a music hall of the Grand Duke's palace. The opening scene presents Astucio, the musical director of the court, conducting an orchestra consisting of nobles, who study music to gain the Grand Duke's favour; they perform bad and finish making a quarrel, but Astucio succeeds to calm them (No. 1). The whole company proceeds to another room. Astucio's wife and *prima donna* Marietta comes to try a new piece of music she is going to sing this evening. But while she prepares to do this, a young man enters, Enrique. They recognize each other: they fell in love in Milan, before she fled away without saying a word. She is tired of Astucio's jealousy and control, and wants Enrique to revive the old feelings. But he is in love with another one, a Spanish singer met in Milan (Sofía), with whom he had to separate in order to find a post somewhere else in Italy.

Astucio comes back, and Marietta insists that Enrique demonstratively and passionately kiss her hand; the musical director is full of anger and refuses to introduce him to the Grand Duke; instead, Marietta promises she will do this on her own (No. 2). Enrique leaves the room to prepare for the rehearsal. Another female singer has come from Milan, and Astucio is ordered by the Grand Duke to form a committee examining her talent. To make her failure sure, he arranges this committee of two absent officials, Marietta and himself, thus only they two are present at the rehearsal. However, Marietta is bored with him driving all her potential rivals away and wants a real contest, if the candidate is capable enough. Enters Sofía and performs a beautiful Spanish aria playing the role of a *gitanilla* (No. 3). Marietta admires her, but Astucio says she has a lot to study yet.

Left alone, the pained girl intends to go away and return to her homeland. The Gran Duke enters through a secret door, and consoles her without being recognized. In a letter to Astucio he commands to let Sofía sing as Juliet at the theatre this evening. After he disappears, Enrique comes back. The two lovers are happy with their reunion and promise not to part anymore (No. 4). Enrique has just spoken to Astucio, who paid to the crowd so that they hiss Sofía off even before she opens her mouth. Luckily, the Grand Duke returns. He sends another order to Astucio and assigns a private performance by Sofía for the court.

Marietta managed to put a good word for Enrique, a fact that displeases Astucio much. He sends her to the theater to sing Juliet and prepares for the private concert. His plan is to disturb Sofía with orchestra's incorrect playing. The final musical scene begins with the courtiers assembling; soon, after an introductory word by Astucio to the orchestra, enter the Grand Duke and the young artists, who recognize their mysterious protector; Sofía begins to sing the same Spanish aria, but the mess in the orchestra increases instantly, and finally she has to stop; the audience is about to leave, but Enrique reveals Astucio's plan, takes the baton himself and leads the musicians accompanying a new fine song of Sofía (No. 5). After her triumph, Marietta rushes into the scene: she was hissed and bombarded with edibles by the crowd. Astucio can't refuse his guilt anymore and falls out of the Grand Duke's favour, who asks Sofía to become Enrique's spose and provide both with a post.

## Musical numbers

* No. 1. Introduction and Chorus. *¡Piano... pianísimo...!* (Astucio, chorus)
* No. 2. Trio. *¡Mi mujer con un galán!* (Marietta, Enrique, Astucio)
* No. 3. Cavatina. *¡Alto aquí los caballeros!* (Sofía, with Marietta and Actucio)
* No. 4. Duo. *Esperanzas halagüeñas* (Sofía, Enrique)
* No. 5. Concertante and Finale. *Se acerca ya la hora* (Sofía, Enrique, Astucio, The Grand Duke, chorus)


title: 11th Cabinet of North Korea

abstract: The 11th Cabinet of North Korea was elected by the 1st Session of the 11th Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea on 3 September 2003. It was replaced on 9 April 2009 by the 12th Cabinet.

text:
# 11th Cabinet of North Korea

The **11th Cabinet of North Korea** was elected by the 1st Session of the 11th Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea on 3 September 2003. It was replaced on 9 April 2009 by the 12th Cabinet.

## Members

| Rank | Office | Name | Hangul | Took office | Left office | Duration | 10th CAB | 12th CAB |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Premier of the Cabinet | Pak Pong-ju | 박봉주 | 3 September 2003 | 11 April 2007 | 3 years and 220 days | Old | Not |
| | | Kim Yong-il | 김영일 | 11 April 2007 | 9 April 2009 | 1 year and 363 days | Old | Reelected |
| 2 | Vice Premier of the Cabinet | Kwak Pom-gi | 곽범기 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | Old | Reelected |
| | | Ro Tu-chol | 로두철 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | New | Reelected |
| 3 | Minister of Foreign Affairs | Paek Nam-sun | 백남순 | 3 September 2003 | 2 January 2007 | 3 years and 121 days | Old | Dead |
| | | Pak Ui-chun | 박의춘 | 2 January 2007 | 9 April 2009 | 2 years and 97 days | New | Reelected |
| 4 | Minister of Public Security | Choe Ryong-su | 최룡수 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | New | Not |
| 5 | Chairman of the State Planning Commission | Kim Kwang-rin | 김광린 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | New | Not |
| 6 | Minister of Power and Coal Industries | Ju Tong-il | 주통일 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | New | Not |
| 7 | Minister of Extractive Industries | Ri Kwang-nam | 리광남 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | New | Reelected |
| 8 | Minister of Metal and Machine-Building Industries | Kim Sung-hyon | 김성현 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | New | Not |
| 9 | Minister of Electronics Industry | O Su-yong | 오수용 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | New | Reelected |
| 10 | Minister of Construction and Building-Materials Industries | Jo Yun-hui | 조윤희 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | Old | Not |
| 11 | Minister of Railways | Kim Yong-sam | 김용삼 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | Old | Not |
| 12 | Minister of Land and Marine Transport | Kim Yong-il | 김영일 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | Old | Reelected |
| 13 | Minister of Agriculture | Ri Kyong-sik | 리경식 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | New | Not |
| 14 | Minister of Chemical Industry | Ri Mu-yong | 리무영 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | New | Reelected |
| 15 | Minister of Light Industry | Ri Ju-o | 리주오 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | New | Reelected |
| 16 | Minister of Foreign Trade | Ri Kwang-gun | 리광군 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | New | Not |
| 17 | Minister of Forestry | Ri Sang-mu | 리상무 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | Old | Not |
| 18 | Minister of Fisheries | Ri Song-un | 리송운 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | Old | Not |
| 19 | Minister of City Management | Choe Jong-gon | 최종곤 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | Old | Not |
| 20 | Minister of Land and Environment Protection | Jang Il-son | 장일손 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | New | Not |
| 21 | Minister of State Construction Control | Pae Tal-jun | 배달준 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | Old | Reelected |
| 22 | Minister of Commerce | Ri Yong-son | 리용손 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | Old | Not |
| 23 | Minister of Procurement and Food Administration | Choe Nam-gyun | 최남균 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | New | Not |
| 24 | Minister of Education | Kim Yong-jin | 김용진 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | New | Reelected |
| 25 | Minister of Posts and Telecommunications | Ri Kum-bom | 리금봄 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | Old | Not |
| 26 | Minister of Culture | Choe Ik-gyu | 최익규 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | New | Not |
| 27 | Minister of Finance | Mun Il-bong | 문일봉 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | New | Not |
| 28 | Minister of Labour | Ri Won-il | 리원일 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | Old | Not |
| 29 | Minister of Public Health | Kim Su-hak | 김수학 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | Old | Not |
| 30 | Minister of State Inspection | Kim Ui-sun | 김의선 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | Old | Reelected |
| 31 | President of the Academy of Sciences | Pyon Yong-rip | 변영립 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | New | Reelected |
| 32 | Chairman of the Physical Culture and Sports Commission | Pak Myong-chol | 박명철 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | Old | Not |
| 33 | President of the Central Bank | Kim Wan-su | 김완수 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | New | Reelected |
| 34 | Director of the Central Statistic Bureau | Kim Chang-su | 김창수 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | Old | Reelected |
| 35 | Chief Secretary of the Cabinet of North Korea | Jong Mun-san | 종문산 | 3 September 2003 | 9 April 2009 | 5 years and 218 days | Old | Not |
| **References:**
 | | | | | | | | |

### Citations

### Bibliography

*Books:*

## InfoBox

| 11th Cabinet of North Korea | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| 3 September 2003 – 9 April 2009
(5 years, 218 days)
Overview | |
| Type | Plenary Meeting of the Cabinet of North Korea |
| Election | 1st Session of the 11th Supreme People's Assembly |
| Secretary | Jong Mun-san |
|  | |


title: 11th Canadian Film Awards

abstract: The 11th Canadian Film Awards were held on June 5, 1959 to honour achievements in Canadian film. At this time, independent film production was improving and television production in Canada was booming, largely due to the Board of Broadcast Governors' anticipated Canadian Content ruling for television. Several production companies had been established, sound stages had been built; it was an encouraging atmosphere in which to recognize the previous year's filmmakers. The ceremony was hosted by W. J. Sheridan, the president of the Canadian Public Relations Society.

text:
# 11th Canadian Film Awards

The **11th Canadian Film Awards** were held on June 5, 1959 to honour achievements in Canadian film.

At this time, independent film production was improving and television production in Canada was booming, largely due to the Board of Broadcast Governors' anticipated Canadian Content ruling for television. Several production companies had been established, sound stages had been built; it was an encouraging atmosphere in which to recognize the previous year's filmmakers. The ceremony was hosted by W. J. Sheridan, the president of the Canadian Public Relations Society.

## Winners

***Money Minters***Crawley Films, Ted De Wit producer and director ***The Quest***National Film Board of Canada, Nicholas Balla producer, Stanley Jackson director ***One Day's Poison***National Film Board of Canada, David Bairstow producer, Donald Wilder director ***Blood and Fire***National Film Board of Canada, Wolf Koenig and Roman Kroitor producers, Terence Macartney-Filgate director * Films for Children: *Not awarded*
* Travel and Recreation: ***Grey Cup Festival '58*** — Chetwynd Films, Arthur Chetwynd producer and director

***Quetico***Christopher Chapman and Bill Mason producers, Christopher Chapman director ***Pinoke*** — Jack S. Grassick * Special Awards

\- **Canadian Broadcasting Corporation** — "for its encouragement of the appreciation of good filmmaking over the years through Gerald Pratley's two weekly radio programs, *The Movie Scene* and *Music from the Films*". \- **Dean Walker** (writer) — "for encouragement of high standards in Canadian film production through his articles".

## InfoBox

| 11th Canadian Film Awards | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | June 5, 1959 |
| Location | King Edward Hotel, Toronto, Ontario |
| Hosted by | W. J. Sheridan |
|


title: Ani, Akita

abstract: Ani was a town located in Kitaakita District, Akita Prefecture, Japan. In 2003, the town had an estimated population of 4,079 and a density of 10.97 persons per km⁲. The total area was 371.92 km⁲. On March 22, 2005, Ani, along with the towns of Aikawa, Moriyoshi and Takanosu merged to create the city of Kitaakita.

text:
# Ani, Akita

**Ani** (阿仁町, *Ani-machi*) was a town located in Kitaakita District, Akita Prefecture, Japan.

In 2003, the town had an estimated population of 4,079 and a density of 10.97 persons per km2. The total area was 371.92 km2.

On March 22, 2005, Ani, along with the towns of Aikawa, Moriyoshi and Takanosu (all from Kitaakita District) merged to create the city of Kitaakita.

* Satoru Noda's historical manga series *Golden Kamuy* features a major character, Genjirō Tanigaki, who comes from the village of Ani and is a member of the Tōhoku-indigenous Matagi population.


title: Ann-Catrin Kjerr

abstract: Ann-Catrin Kjerr is a Swedish curler. She is a 1991 World bronze medallist and 1991 European bronze medallist. She competed at the 1992 Winter Olympics when curling was a demonstration sport. In 1988 she was inducted into the Swedish Curling Hall of Fame.

text:
# Ann-Catrin Kjerr

**Ann-Catrin Kjerr** (born 14 February 1949) is a Swedish curler.

She is a 1991 World bronze medallist and 1991 European bronze medallist. She competed at the 1992 Winter Olympics when curling was a demonstration sport.

In 1988 she was inducted into the Swedish Curling Hall of Fame.

## Teams

| Season | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Alternate | Coach | !Events |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1983–84 | Ingrid Thidevall-Meldahl | Ann-Catrin Kjerr | Astrid Blomberg | Sylvia Malmberg |  |  | SWCC 1984
WCC 1984 (7th) |
| 1990–91 | Anette Norberg | Cathrine Norberg | Anna Rindeskog | Helene Granqvist | Ann-Catrin Kjerr |  | SWCC 1991
WCC 1991 |
| 1991–92 | Anette Norberg | Anna Rindeskog | Cathrine Norberg | Helene Granqvist | Ann-Catrin Kjerr |  | ECC 1991
OG 1992 (demo) (5th) |
| 2003–04 | Ingrid Meldahl | Ann-Catrin Kjerr | Inger Berg | Sylvia Malmberg | Birgitta Törn | Gunilla Bergman | WSCC 2004 |
| 2004–05 | Ingrid Meldahl | Ann-Catrin Kjerr | Inger Berg | Sylvia Malmberg | Birgitta Törn | Gunilla Bergman | WSCC 2005 |
| 2005–06 | Ingrid Meldahl | Ann-Catrin Kjerr | Inger Berg | Sylvia Malmberg | Birgitta Törn | Gunilla Bergman | WSCC 2006 |
| 2006–07 | Ingrid Meldahl | Ann-Catrin Kjerr | Birgitta Törn | Inger Berg | Sylvia Liljefors | Gunilla Bergman | WSCC 2007 |
| 2007–08 | Ingrid Meldahl | Ann-Catrin Kjerr | Birgitta Törn | Sylvia Liljefors | Inger Berg | Gunilla Bergman | WSCC 2008 (6th) |
| 2008–09 | Ingrid Meldahl | Ann-Catrin Kjerr | Anta Hedström | Sylvia Liljefors | Gunilla Bergman |  | WSCC 2009 |
| 2009–10 | Ingrid Meldahl | Ann-Catrin Kjerr | Anta Hedström | Sylvia Liljefors |  | Olof Liljefors | WSCC 2010 |
| 2010–11 | Ingrid Meldahl | Ann-Catrin Kjerr | Anta Hedström | Sylvia Liljefors |  | Gunilla Bergman | WSCC 2011 |
| 2011–12 | Ingrid Meldahl | Ann-Catrin Kjerr | Anta Hedström | Sylvia Liljefors | Marie Lehander | Gunilla Bergman | WSCC 2012 |
| 2012–13 | Ingrid Meldahl | Ann-Catrin Kjerr | Anta Hedström | Sylvia Liljefors | Marie Lehander | Jan-Erik Kjerr | WSCC 2013 |
| 2013–14 | Ingrid Meldahl | Ann-Catrin Kjerr | Anta Hedström | Sylvia Liljefors | Marie Lehander | Gunilla Bergman | WSCC 2014 (4th) |

## InfoBox

| Ann-Catrin Kjerr | |
| --- | --- |
| Curler | |
| Born | (1949-02-14) 14 February 1949
Sundbyberg, Sweden |
| Team | |
| Curling club | Stocksunds CK, Stockholm |
| Curling career | |
| Member Association | Sweden |
| World Championship
appearances | 2 (1984, 1991) |
| European Championship
appearances | 1 (1991) |
| Olympic
appearances | 1 (1992) (demo) |
| Other appearances | World Senior Championships: 11 (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014) |
| Medal record      Curling  World Championships  1991 Winnipeg    European Championships  1991 Chamonix    Swedish Women's Championship  1984    World Senior Championships  2006 Copenhagen    2007 Edmonton    2004 Gävle    2011 St. Paul    2005 Greenacres    2009 Dunedin    2010 Chelyabinsk    2012 Tårnby    2013 Fredericton | |


title: 10:32

abstract: 10:32 is a 1966 Dutch film by Arthur Dreifuss, starring Linda Christian, Eric Schneider and Bob de Lange. It is the debut of actress Linda van Dyck.

text:
# 10:32

***10:32***  is a 1966 Dutch film by Arthur Dreifuss, starring Linda Christian, Eric Schneider and Bob de Lange. It is the debut of actress Linda van Dyck.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| 10:32 | |
| --- | --- |
| Linda Christian at the opening night of *10:32* in Rotterdam (1966) | |
| Directed by | Arthur Dreifuss |
| Written by | Arthur Dreifuss
Dity Oorthuys |
| Produced by | Joop Landré |
| Cinematography | Eduard van der Enden |
| Edited by | Dick Visser |
| Music by | Dolf van der Linden |
| Production
company | NFM |
| Release date | * 27 January 1966 (1966-01-27) (Netherlands) |
| Running time | 96 minutes |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Language | Dutch |
| Budget | NLG 540,000 (estimated) |
| Box office | NLG 60,000 (Netherlands) |


title: 10BASE2

abstract: 10BASE2 is a variant of Ethernet that uses thin coaxial cable terminated with BNC connectors to build a local area network. During the mid to late 1980s, this was the dominant 10 Mbit/s Ethernet standard. The use of twisted pair networks competed with 10BASE2's use of a single coaxial cable. In 1988, Ethernet over twisted pair was introduced, running at the same speed of 10 Mbit/s. In 1995, the Fast Ethernet standard upgraded the speed to 100 Mbit/s, and no such speed improvement was ever made for thinnet. By 2001, prices for Fast Ethernet cards had fallen to under $50. By 2003, Wi-Fi networking equipment was widely available and affordable. Due to the immense demand for high-speed networking, the low cost of Category 5 cable, and the popularity of 802.11 wireless networks, both 10BASE2 and 10BASE5 have become increasingly obsolete, though devices still exist in some locations. As of 2011, IEEE 802.3 has deprecated this standard for new installations.

text:
# 10BASE2

**10BASE2** (also known as **cheapernet**, **thin Ethernet**, **thinnet**, and **thinwire**) is a variant of Ethernet that uses thin coaxial cable terminated with BNC connectors to build a local area network. During the mid to late 1980s, this was the dominant 10 Mbit/s Ethernet standard.

The use of twisted pair networks competed with 10BASE2's use of a single coaxial cable. In 1988, Ethernet over twisted pair was introduced, running at the same speed of 10 Mbit/s. In 1995, the Fast Ethernet standard upgraded the speed to 100 Mbit/s, and no such speed improvement was ever made for thinnet. By 2001, prices for Fast Ethernet cards had fallen to under $50. By 2003, Wi-Fi networking equipment was widely available and affordable.

Due to the immense demand for high-speed networking, the low cost of Category 5 cable, and the popularity of 802.11 wireless networks, both 10BASE2 and 10BASE5 have become increasingly obsolete, though devices still exist in some locations. As of 2011, IEEE 802.3 has deprecated this standard for new installations.

## Name origination

The name *10BASE2* is derived from several characteristics of the physical medium. The *10* comes from the transmission speed of 10 Mbit/s. The *BASE* stands for baseband signaling, and the *2* for a maximum segment length approaching 200 m (the actual maximum length is 185 m).

## Signal encoding

10 Mbit/s Ethernet uses Manchester coding. A binary zero is indicated by a low-to-high transition in the middle of the bit period and a binary one is indicated by a high-to-low transition in the middle of the bit period. Manchester coding allows the clock to be recovered from the signal. However, the additional transitions associated with it double the signal bandwidth.

## Network design

10BASE2 coax cables have a maximum length of 185 metres (607 ft). The maximum practical number of nodes that can be connected to a 10BASE2 segment is limited to 30 with a minimum distance of 0.5 metres (20 in) between devices. In a 10BASE2 network, each stretch of cable is connected to the transceiver (which is usually built into the network adaptor) using a BNC T-connector, with one stretch connected to each female connector of the T. The T-connector must be plugged directly into the network adaptor with no cable in between.

As is the case with most other high-speed buses, Ethernet segments have to be terminated with a resistor at each end. Each end of the cable has a 50  resistor attached. Typically this resistor is built into a male BNC and attached to the last device on the bus. This is most commonly connected directly to the T-connector on a workstation. If termination is missing, or if there is a break in the cable, the AC signal on the bus is reflected, rather than dissipated, when it reaches the end. This reflected signal is indistinguishable from a collision, so no communication can take place.

Some terminators have a metallic chain attached to them for grounding purposes. The cable should be grounded only at one end. Grounding the terminators at both may produce a ground loop and can cause network outages or data corruption when swells of electricity traverse the coaxial cabling's outer shield.

When wiring a 10BASE2 network, special care has to be taken to ensure that cables are properly connected to all T-connectors. Bad contacts or shorts are especially difficult to diagnose. A failure at any point of the network cabling tends to prevent all communications. For this reason, 10BASE2 networks can be difficult to maintain and were often replaced by 10BASE-T networks, which (provided category 5 cable or better was used) also provided a good upgrade path to 100BASE-TX.

## Comparisons to 10BASE-T

10BASE2 networks cannot generally be extended without breaking service temporarily for existing users and the presence of many joints in the cable also makes them very vulnerable to accidental or malicious disruption. There were proprietary systems that claimed to avoid these problems (e.g. SaferTap) but these never became widespread, possibly due to a lack of standardization. 10BASE-T can be extended by making a new connection to a hub. A fault in a one hub connection does not necessarily compromise other connections to the hub.

10BASE2 systems did have a number of advantages over 10BASE-T. No hub is required as with 10BASE-T, so the hardware cost was minimal, and wiring was particularly easy since only a single wire run is needed, which could be sourced from the nearest computer. These characteristics made 10BASE2 ideal for a small network of two or three machines, perhaps in a home where easily concealed wiring was an advantage. For a larger complex office network, the difficulties of tracing poor connections made it impractical. Unfortunately for 10BASE2, by the time multiple home computer networks became common, the format had already been practically superseded by 10BASE-T.

## Comparisons to 10BASE5, use of AUI

10BASE2 uses RG-58A/U cable or similar for a maximum segment length of 185 m as opposed to the thicker RG-8-like cable used in 10BASE5 networks with a maximum length of 500 m. The RG-58 type wire used by 10BASE2 was inexpensive, smaller and much more flexible than the specialized RG-8 variant. 10BASE2 can also use RG-59 cable.

An Ethernet network interface controller (NIC) may include the 10BASE2 transceivers and thus directly provide a 10BASE2 BNC connector (that the T-connector plugs into), or it may offer an AUI connector that external transceivers (see Medium Attachment Unit) can connect to. These can be transceivers for 10BASE2, but also for 10BASE5 or 10BASE-T. Some NICs offer both BNC and AUI connectors, or other combinations including BNC and 10BASE-T. With multiple connections, only one connector is designed to be used at the same time.

1. Alex Djenguerian (June 1986). "Ethernet/Cheapernet Physical Layer Made Easy with DP8391/92" (PDF). National Semiconductor. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2019-08-13.
2. "L-com Introduces Commercial-Grade Thinnet (10Base-2) and Thicknet (10Base-5) Converters for Legacy Installs". L-com, Inc. 2012-06-11. Retrieved 2012-07-01.
3. IEEE 802.3-2012 *10. Medium attachment unit and baseband medium specifications, type 10BASE2*
4. IEEE 802.3 *10.7.2.2 MAU placement*
5. IEEE 802.3 *10.7.2.1 Cable sectioning*
6. Roshan, Pejman; Leary, Jonathan (2004). *802.11 Wireless LAN Fundamentals*. Cisco Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-58705-077-0.
7. Rajabzadeh, Mohammed. "Interfacing the DP8392 to 93X and 75X Cable" (PDF). National Semiconductor. Retrieved 14 May 2024.


abstract: The 1971 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final was the fortieth All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1971 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland. Cork won their second title in a row.

text:
# 1971 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship final

The **1971 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final** was the fortieth All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1971 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland.

Cork won their second title in a row.

## InfoBox

1971 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Final
| Event | All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship 1971 |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Date | 19 September 1971 |
| Venue | Croke Park, Dublin |
| Referee | Lily Spence (Antrim) |
| Attendance | 4,000 |
|


title: 2007 Senegalese presidential election

text:
# 2007 Senegalese presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Senegal on 25 February 2007. Incumbent president Abdoulaye Wade was re-elected in the first round with almost 56% of the vote.

## Background

Wade announced the date for the election on 13 April 2006. The election campaign officially began on 4 February 2007. Soldiers voted early on 17 February and 18 February; this was the first time in the country's history that soldiers were allowed to vote.

Had a run-off been necessary, it would have been held on 18 March 2007. A parliamentary election was initially intended to be held on 25 February as well, but it was delayed to 3 June 2007.

## Candidates

15 candidates ran for President, including Wade. Wade was nominated as the presidential candidate of his party, the Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS), on 15 October 2006. Idrissa Seck, a former Prime Minister who was once considered Wade's protégé, also ran. Seck announced his candidacy for President in April 2006; he had been arrested in 2005 on charges of embezzlement and threatening state security but never faced a trial and was eventually released in February 2006. On January 22, 2007, Wade said that Seck had agreed to return to the ruling PDS; Seck subsequently confirmed this, but said that he would remain a presidential candidate. If he had withdrawn his candidacy, the law would have required that the election be delayed, but shortly afterwards the National Assembly voted to change the law so that a delay would not be necessary in the event of a candidate's withdrawal.

Ousmane Tanor Dieng ran as the candidate of the former ruling Socialist Party (PS). Former Prime Minister Moustapha Niasse ran as the candidate of a coalition of opposition parties, including his own Alliance of the Forces of Progress (AFP). Other candidates included Abdoulaye Bathily of the Democratic League/Movement for the Labour Party (LD/MPT), Landing Savané, a Minister of State and the Secretary-General of And-Jëf/African Party for Democracy and Socialism (AJ/PADS), Ziguinchor Mayor Robert Sagna, and former ambassador Modou Dia.

## Campaign

Wade faced criticism over a variety of issues, including unemployment and the continuing Casamance conflict, as well as alleged corruption and the delays of the parliamentary election. Major construction projects undertaken by Wade split opinion in the country. Wade's campaign called for the people to give him a majority of the vote in the first round, but it was widely expected that a second round would be necessary, and Wade's opponents denied the possibility that he could legitimately win a first-round majority. Many politicians who had backed Wade in 2000 had since turned against him, which could be viewed as making it improbable that Wade would do as well in 2007; on the other hand, it has been pointed out that Senegal's demographics, with a high proportion of young people in the electorate, could make it difficult to compare the two elections.

## Results

Shortly after the election was held, Prime Minister Macky Sall, who was also Wade's campaign manager, said that Wade had won the election in the first round with about 57% of the vote, based on initial results. According to results announced on 1 March, Wade won about 1.9 million votes, about 55.9% of the total. Seck was in second place with 14.9% of the vote and Tanor Dieng was in third place with 13.6%. Voter turnout was said to be 70.5%. Wade won the most votes in 32 out of 34 of the country's departments, including a majority in 28 of them. Seck won the department of Thiès and Niasse won the department of Nioro.

Abdoulaye Bathily's campaign rejected the results and alleged that there were flaws in the voting, saying that a person could be registered more than once, and that the ink used in voting, which was supposed to be indelible, could be washed off. Ousmane Tanor Dieng's spokesperson also rejected the results, and on 5 March Dieng filed a Constitutional Court appeal regarding alleged lack of transparency and irregularities.

Final results from the Constitutional Council on 11 March gave Wade 55.90%, Seck 14.92%, and Dieng 13.56%. The Council rejected appeals from Dieng and Bathily. Wade was sworn in on 3 April at the Leopold Sedar Senghor Stadium in Dakar, with many African leaders and about 60,000 spectators in attendance.

| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Abdoulaye Wade | Senegalese Democratic Party | 1,914,403 | 55.90 |
|  | Idrissa Seck | Rewmi | 510,922 | 14.92 |
|  | Ousmane Tanor Dieng | Socialist Party | 464,287 | 13.56 |
|  | Moustapha Niasse | Alliance of the Forces of Progress | 203,129 | 5.93 |
|  | Robert Sagna | Takku Defaraat Sénégal | 88,446 | 2.58 |
|  | Abdoulaye Bathily | Democratic League/Movement for the Labour Party | 75,797 | 2.21 |
|  | Landing Savané | And-Jëf/African Party for Democracy and Socialism | 70,780 | 2.07 |
|  | Talla Sylla | Alliance for Progress and Justice/Jëf-Jël | 18,022 | 0.53 |
|  | Cheikh Bamba Dièye | Front for Socialism and Democracy/Benno Jubël | 17,233 | 0.50 |
|  | Mamadou Lamine Diallo | Tekki Taaru Sénégal | 16,570 | 0.48 |
|  | Mama Adama Guèye | Independent | 13,700 | 0.40 |
|  | Doudou Ndoye | Union for the Republic | 9,918 | 0.29 |
|  | Alioune Mbaye | Independent | 9,016 | 0.26 |
|  | Louis Jacques Senghor | Liberal Movement for the Senegalese People | 8,212 | 0.24 |
|  | Modou Dia | Independent | 4,491 | 0.13 |
| Total | | | 3,424,926 | 100.00 |
|  | | | | |
| Valid votes | | | 3,424,926 | 98.62 |
| Invalid/blank votes | | | 47,786 | 1.38 |
| Total votes | | | 3,472,712 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | | | 4,917,157 | 70.62 |
| Source: African Elections Database | | | | |

## InfoBox

2007 Senegalese presidential election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Turnout | 70.62% ( 9.87 pp) |
| Candidate **Abdoulaye Wade** Idrissa Seck  Party PDS Rewmi  Popular vote **1,914,403** 510,922  Percentage **55.90%** 14.92%   ---  Candidate Ousmane Tanor Dieng Moustapha Niasse  Party PS AFP  Popular vote 464,287 203,129  Percentage 13.56% 5.93% | |
| ---  **President before election**
Abdoulaye Wade
PDS **Elected President**
Abdoulaye Wade
PDS | |