title: Elmer Sleight

abstract: Elmer Noble "Red" Sleight was an All-American football player. Sleight was born in 1907 in Morris, Illinois, and attended Morris High School. He played at the tackle position for the Purdue University Boilermakers from 1927 to 1929. He was a consensus first-team player on the 1929 All-America college football team, receiving first-team honors from the Associated Press, Collier's Weekly, International News Service an All-America Board. He also received the Western Conference medal for proficiency in scholarship and athletics and was one of 11 All-American football players to appear in the 1930 film "Maybe It's Love". He played professionally for the Green Bay Packers in 1930 and 1931. He appeared in 26 NFL games for the Packers, 19 of them as a starter. After his playing career ended, Sleight held assistant coaching positions at Missouri and then Lehigh. He later went into marketing in Chicago. He moved to Naples, Florida, after retiring. He died in Naples in 1978 at age 71.

text:
# Elmer Sleight

**Elmer Noble "Red" Sleight** (1907 - August 9, 1978) was an All-American football player.

Sleight was born in 1907 in Morris, Illinois, and attended Morris High School.

He played at the tackle position for the Purdue University Boilermakers from 1927 to 1929. He was a consensus first-team player on the 1929 All-America college football team, receiving first-team honors from the Associated Press, *Collier's Weekly*, International News Service an All-America Board. He also received the Western Conference medal for proficiency in scholarship and athletics and was one of 11 All-American football players to appear in the 1930 film "Maybe It's Love".

He played professionally for the Green Bay Packers in 1930 and 1931. He appeared in 26 NFL games for the Packers, 19 of them as a starter.

After his playing career ended, Sleight held assistant coaching positions at Missouri and then Lehigh. He later went into marketing in Chicago. He moved to Naples, Florida, after retiring. He died in Naples in 1978 at age 71.

## InfoBox

Elmer Sleight
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1907-07-08)July 8, 1907
Sisseton, South Dakota, U.S. |
| Died: | August 9, 1978(1978-08-09) (aged 71)
Naples, Florida, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) |
| Weight: | 226 lb (103 kg) |
| Career information | |
| College: | Purdue |
| Position: | Tackle |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Games played: 26 | |
|  | |


title: Elmer Smith (activist)

abstract: Elmer Smith (1888–1932) was a 20th-Century American lawyer and Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) union defender, who played a key role in the 1919 Centralia massacre (Washington).

text:
# Elmer Smith (activist)

**Elmer Smith** (1888–1932) was a 20th-Century American lawyer and Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) union defender (known as *Wobblies*), who played a key role in the 1919 Centralia massacre (Washington).

## 1919 Centralia massacre

*See also Centralia massacre (Washington)*

The IWW opened a local in Centralia, Washington, early in World War I. By 1918, they had clashed with the local American Legion after the burning of a first IWW union hall in 1938. The IWW re-opened in a second location.

Elmer Smith was a local lawyer, sympathetic to the IWW. A pacifist, he strongly encouraged union members to pursue a non-violent course and to try to reach a peaceful arrangement with the other residents of Centralia. He also reached out to the governor to attempt to get him to intervene to prevent a vigilante raid. The landlady for the hall and Britt Smith (no relation), the local IWW secretary, contacted law enforcement and asked for protection, but were told nothing was possible. The Wobblies then printed and widely distributed a flier calling on the people of Centralia to take action. None of these efforts yielded any response. With this being the case an extra-legal raid on the Wobbly hall seemed likely.

With attempts at a peaceful compromise unsuccessful, local IWW leader Britt Smith pressed Elmer Smith for additional advice. Elmer Smith agreed that it would be legal for the Wobblies to physically defend themselves, but, as he later testified, only in self-defense if attacked first. The IWW members interpreted this legal advice as justification to arm themselves for what they perceived as an inevitable and dangerous confrontation.

During Smith's trial the following year for his part in the Centralia Massacre, prosecutors would present this advice as proof that the IWW had planned the massacre. However, considering Elmer Smith's strong belief in non-violence and seeming good character, it is doubtful that armed conflict was his objective. The true intent of Smith's recommendation will probably never be known.

After the massacre (in which six people were killed), officials arrested Smith, although he had not participated in the massacre. Later, he was acquitted and released. He died before Governor Clarence D. Martin (1884–1955) commuted sentences.

## External sources


title: Aphanopleura

abstract: Aphanopleura is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae. It includes three species native to Iran and Transcaucasia.

text:
# Aphanopleura

***Aphanopleura*** is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae. It includes three species native to Iran and Transcaucasia.

## Species

Three species are accepted.

## InfoBox

| *Aphanopleura* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Apiales |
| Family: | Apiaceae |
| Tribe: | Pimpinelleae |
| Genus: | *Aphanopleura*<br>Boiss. (1872) |
|
| Species | |
|  | |


title: Aonio Paleario

abstract: Aonio Paleario was an Italian Christian termed a reformer.

text:
# Aonio Paleario

**Aonio Paleario** (c. 1500  July 3, 1570) was an Italian Christian termed a *reformer*.

## Life

He was born about 1500 at Veroli, in the Roman Campagna. Other forms of his name are Antonio Della Paglia, A. Degli Pagliaricci.

In 1520 he went to Rome, where he entered the brilliant literary circle of Leo X. When Charles of Bourbon stormed Rome in 1527, Paleario went first to Perugia and then to Siena, where he settled as a teacher of Greek and Hebrew.

In 1536 his didactic poem in Latin hexameters, *De immortalitate animarum*, was published at Lyon. It is divided into three books, the first containing his proofs of the divine existence, and the remaining two the theological and philosophical arguments for immortality based on that postulate. The whole concludes with a rhetorical description of the occurrences of the Second Advent.

In 1542 the Inquisition made his tract *Della Pienezza, sufficienza, et satisfazione della passione di Christo*, or *Libellus de morte Christi* (The Benefit of Christ's Death), the basis of a charge of heresy, from which, however, he successfully defended himself. In Siena he wrote his *Actio in pontifices romanos et eorum asseclas*, a vigorous indictment, in twenty testimonia, against what he now believed to be the fundamental error of the Roman Church in subordinating Scripture to tradition, as well as against various particular doctrines, such as that of purgatory; it was not, however, printed until after his death (Leipzig, 1606).

In 1546 he accepted a professorial chair at Lucca, which he exchanged in 1555 for that of Greek and Latin literature at Milan. Here about 1566 his enemies renewed their activity, and in 1567 he was formally accused by Fra Angelo, the inquisitor of Milan. He was tried at Rome, condemned to death in October 1569, and executed in July 1570.

## Works

An edition of his works (*Ant. Palearii Verulani Opera*), including four books of *Epistolae* and twelve *Orationes* besides the *De immortalitate*, was published at Lyon in 1552; this was followed by two others, at Basel, and several after his death, the fullest being that of Amsterdam, 1696. A work, entitled *Benefizio di Cristo* ("The Benefit of Christ's Death"), has been attributed to Paleario on insufficient grounds. Lives by Gurlitt (Hamburg, 1805); Young (2 vols., London, 1860); Bonnet (Paris, 1862).

Churchill Babington, vicar of Cockfield, Suffolk published an English translation of *Benefizio di Cristo* in 1855.

Aonio Paleario is the subject of a 2014 novel *A Dream of Shadows* by Diana M. DeLuca. This novel was awarded two first place awards by Reader Views annual literary contest n the categories of Spiritual Fiction and Best in the Rocky Mountain region 2014.


title: Elizabeth Sewell (activist)

abstract: Elizabeth Sewell (1940–1988) was a New Zealand activist in the feminist movement in the 1970s and 1980s. She was the first head of the Ministry for Consumer Affairs.

text:
# Elizabeth Sewell (activist)

**Elizabeth Sewell** (1940–1988) was a New Zealand activist in the feminist movement in the 1970s and 1980s. She was the first head of the Ministry for Consumer Affairs.

## Career

Sewell was a manufacturing jeweller and feminist in Christchurch setting up the Pregnancy Advisory Service in 1974. She was instrumental in the creation and operation of the Christchurch office of Sisters Overseas Service (SOS), an organisation which supported women to travel to Sydney for abortions in the late 1970s. She supervised two paid employees and volunteers as well as handling publicity and counselling of women. She was one of the organisers of the 1977 United Women's Convention, moving to Wellington in 1979 to become a researcher and private secretary to the Member of Parliament Marilyn Waring.

In the early 1980s she was National Executive Director of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) as well as being active in the Women's Electoral Lobby (WEL).

In 1986 she became the first General Manager of the newly formed Ministry of Consumer Affairs where she strove to move consumer affairs closer to the community and have government recognise the work of the Citizens Advice Bureaus. She also worked to improve Standards for the consumer and addressed the International Organization for Standardization in Toronto in 1987.

## Personal life

Sewell was divorced after being married for ten years and had three children.

## Further reading

* Waring, Marilyn. 'Letters to my sisters: in memory.' *The Listener* (Wellington, N.Z.). 16 July 1988. 121 (2524): 55


title: Elizabeth Seton Academy (Boston)

abstract: Elizabeth Seton Academy (ESA) was an independent Roman Catholic high school for girls located in the Dorchester neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. The school was named for Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton. The school was established in 2003 by a volunteer committee of 24 alumnae and former staff of Monsignor Ryan Memorial High School, a diocesan all-girls' Catholic school which operated in Dorchester from 1918 to 2003. The Archdiocese of Boston granted permission for the school to open on July 18, 2003 on the former campus of St. Gregory High School, which had closed in 1992. In August 2016, ESA's board of trustees voted to close the school before the start of the 2016–17 academic year, calling the school's "current financial situation, increased debt obligations, declining enrollment, and increased costs of operations" an "insurmountable" challenge.

text:
# Elizabeth Seton Academy (Boston)

**Elizabeth Seton Academy** (ESA) was an independent Roman Catholic high school for girls located in the Dorchester neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. The school was named for Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton.

The school was established in 2003 by a volunteer committee of 24 alumnae and former staff of Monsignor Ryan Memorial High School, a diocesan all-girls' Catholic school which operated in Dorchester from 1918 to 2003. The Archdiocese of Boston granted permission for the school to open on July 18, 2003 on the former campus of St. Gregory High School, which had closed in 1992.

In August 2016, ESA's board of trustees voted to close the school before the start of the 2016–17 academic year, calling the school's "current financial situation, increased debt obligations, declining enrollment, and increased costs of operations" an "insurmountable" challenge.

## Notes and references

## InfoBox

| Elizabeth Seton Academy | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 2220 Dorchester Avenue
Boston (Dorchester), (Suffolk County), Massachusetts 02124
United States | |
| Coordinates | 42°16′29.6″N 71°4′1.0″W / 42.274889°N 71.066944°W / 42.274889; -71.066944 |
| Information | |
| Type | Private, All-Girls |
| Motto | Hazard Yet Forward
(Against the odds, go forward) |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Roman Catholic |
| Established | 2003 |
| Status | closed |
| Head of school | Mrs. Patricia S. Leitsinger |
| Faculty | 15 |
| Grades | 12 |
| Average class size | 14 |
| Campus type | urban |
| Color(s) | Maroon and Grey |
| Athletics | Girls Independent Intramural League |
| Nickname | ESA |
| Team name | Bobcats |
| Accreditation | New England Association of Schools and Colleges |
| Tuition | 7,909 |
| Director of Advancement | Patricia F. Bulman |
| Director of Admissions | Elizabeth K. Duddy |
| Director of Guidance | Jennifer St.Jean |
| Website | esaboston.com |


title: 153rd Infantry Regiment (United States)

abstract: The 153d Infantry Regiment is a United States infantry regiment, currently represented in the Arkansas Army National Guard by the 1st Battalion, 153rd Infantry, headquartered at Malvern, Arkansas, and 2nd Battalion, 153rd Infantry, headquartered at Searcy, Arkansas, elements of the 39th Brigade Combat Team. The regiment was also represented by the 3rd Battalion, 153rd Infantry Regiment headquartered at Warren, Arkansas until that unit was deactivated on 5 September 2005. The regiment was activated as the 1st Arkansas Volunteer Infantry for the Spanish–American War, but did not deploy overseas. The regiment was activated for World War I, redesignated as the 153rd Infantry and shipped to France as a part of the 39th Division, but became a replacement division and personnel were reassigned to other AEF units. The regiment was activated for World War II and deployed to the Aleutian Islands, participating in the Aleutian Islands Campaign. Recently, elements of the regiment have participated in two deployments in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom, in 2004 and again in 2008.

text:
# 153rd Infantry Regiment (United States)

The **153d Infantry Regiment** (**First Arkansas**) is a United States infantry regiment, currently represented in the Arkansas Army National Guard by the 1st Battalion, 153rd Infantry, headquartered at Malvern, Arkansas, and 2nd Battalion, 153rd Infantry, headquartered at Searcy, Arkansas, elements of the 39th Brigade Combat Team. The regiment was also represented by the 3rd Battalion, 153rd Infantry Regiment headquartered at Warren, Arkansas until that unit was deactivated on 5 September 2005. The regiment was activated as the 1st Arkansas Volunteer Infantry for the Spanish–American War, but did not deploy overseas. The regiment was activated for World War I, redesignated as the 153rd Infantry and shipped to France as a part of the 39th Division, but became a replacement division and personnel were reassigned to other AEF units. The regiment was activated for World War II and deployed to the Aleutian Islands, participating in the Aleutian Islands Campaign. Recently, elements of the regiment have participated in two deployments in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom, in 2004 and again in 2008.

## Formation of the 1st Arkansas, State Troops

Two units claimed the name '1st Arkansas' during the American Civil War, one Confederate and one on the Union side, but neither have a direct connection to the 153d Infantry. These units were each recruited in the state by national governments for service in their respective army. Neither of them had any connection to the militia units of the State of Arkansas.

The 1st Arkansas (State Troops) was organized from Volunteer Companies organized in the Arkansas State Militia. Several of these Volunteer Companies had participated in the seizure of the Federal Arsenal at Little Rock in January 1861. These units were enrolled in state service on 14 May 1861 at Mound City, six miles upstream of Memphis on the Mississippi River. Captain Patrick R. Cleburne, of the Yell Rifles, was appointed colonel of the regiment. This unit was placed under the command of Col. Patrick Cleburne, and was enrolled in Confederate service on 23 July 1861, at Pitman's Ferry, AR and was initially designated as the '1st Arkansas Infantry'. However, the Confederate War Department discovered that there was already a 1st Arkansas Infantry, under Colonel James Fleming Fagan. The 1st Regiment, Arkansasa State Troops, was thus redesignated as the 15th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, on 31 December 1861. Due to battle losses, the 13th and 15th Arkansas Regiments were consolidated on 20 December 1862, just before the Battle of Murfreesboro. Toward the end of the civil war, ten depleted Arkansas regiments, including the 15th Arkansas, were merged to form the 1st Arkansas Consolidated Infantry, 9 April 1865. This regiment surrendered with the Army of Tennessee at Greensboro, North Carolina, 26 April 1865. The 15th Arkansas was composed of Militia units from the following counties:

| Company | Name | County | Militia Regiment | Commander | Organization Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Company A | "Harris Guards" | Monroe | 35th Militia Regiment | Capt. James T. Harris | 27 May 1861 |
| Company B | "Jefferson Guards" | Jefferson | 24th Militia Regiment | Capt. Charles H. Carlton | 24 September 1860 |
| Company C | "Yell Guards" | Jefferson | None | Capt. Francis M. McNally | Unknown |
| Company D | "Rector Guards" | Prairie | 50th Militia Regiment | Capt. George W. Glenn | 12 February 1861 |
| Company E | "Napoleon Grays" | Desha | 6th Militia Regiment | Capt. Henry E. Green | 28 February 1861 |
| Company F | "Yell Riflemen" | Phillips | 12th Militia Regiment | Capt. Patrick R. Cleburne | 29 January 1861 |
| Company G | "Hindman Guards" | White | None | Capt. Henry B. Blakemore | 18 April 1861 |
| Company H | "Phillips Guards" | Phillips | 12th Militia Regiment | Capt. George Otey | 29 January 1861 |
| Company I | "Tyronza Rebels" | Mississippi | None | Capt. Robert L. Harding | 3 June 1861 |
| Company K | "Monroe Blues" | Monroe | 35th Militia Regiment | Capt. Gaston K. Baldwin | 16 May 1861 |

No connection between the 15th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (1st Arkansas State Troops) and the 1st Infantry, Arkansas State Guard, from which the 153rd Infantry Regiment was created, is formally recognized by the United States Army Center of Military History. Arkansas militia units were very active during the Reconstruction era, but interest in the militia waned in the years after Reconstruction ended and very little activity occurred above the local level for many years.

## Post Civil War

While the State Militia was heavily engaged in numerous civil disturbances following the Civil War, most notably the Brooks Baxter War, very little is known about the regimental organization of the units involved in these Reconstruction era conflicts. The Arkansas State Guard did not begin to take its modern form until the late 1890s. It was organized between 1890 and 1894 in the Arkansas State Guard as the 1st Regiment of Infantry, with its headquarters in Little Rock.

### Post Reconstruction

Officially, the state militia of the 1880s and early 1890s consisted of the 1st and 2nd Infantry regiments, one battery of artillery, one troop cavalry, and one signal unit. In reality, interest in the state militia had waned following Reconstruction, and the state legislature failed to appropriate any funds to support the militia. The legislature had even abolished the office of adjutant general, so the only effective organization during this period was at the company level. Local militia units that existed were supported with private funds: local militia companies, such as the McCarthy Light Guards in Little Rock, participated in drill and ceremony competition; all their funding for travel, uniforms and equipment came from private sources. The McCarthy Light Guards organized in Little Rock in 1887 was named for John H. McCarthy, the local businessman who provided their uniforms. The unit competed in several drill competitions, including the Interstate Competitive Drill at Galveston, Texas, where the unit placed third, at Atlanta in 1889 where they placed second, in Omaha in 1891 where they took second, and at Nashville Tennessee where they took first place. The unit was invited to attend the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. The unit took fourth prize at the Interstate Competitive Drill conducted in its home town of Little Rock in 1894.

### Reorganization of 1891

In 1891, Captain E. D. Thomas, a captain of the 5th Cavalry was ordered to make an inspection of Arkansas State Guard on behalf of the Inspector General of the Army. Upon reaching Little Rock, Captain Thomas found that the only military organizations in existence at that time in the state were at the local level. Captain Thomas indicated that regimental and brigade level organizations had not been maintained for several years. Thomas indicated that the existing local companies were supported through benevolence and that the state had not even applied to utilize funds for the support of the militia which had recently been approved of by Congress. Captain Thomas' visit apparently spurred the state into action because he indicated that the following order had been issued prior to his departure from Little Rock:

> Executive Office, Headquarters Arkansas State Guard, Little Rock, October 5, 1901. Order No. 14.
>
> The First Regiment Arkansas State guard is hereby authorized, constituted, and organized, and will be composed of the following companies of the State guard troops, and will hereafter be known and designated as such in official reports and orders from these headquarters. Returns and reports from the different companies composing the same as the First Regiment Arkansas State guard, viz:
>
> Company A, Capt. S. A. Horton, Fayetteville, Ark.; Company B, Capt. G. N. Skelton, Fayetteville, Ark.; Company C, Capt. John M. Dungan, Little Rock, Ark.; Company D, Capt. John A. Mitchell, Little Rock, Ark.; Company E, Capt. Ruff Boyett, Hope, Ark.; Company F, Capt. Win. Nichol, Pine Bluff Ark.; Company G, Capt. R. G. Grant., Fort Smith, Ark.; Company II, Capt. J. H. Sarber, Clarksville, Ark.; Company I, Capt. V. J. Stowers, Morrilton, Ark.; Company K, "Stone's Company," Little Rock, Ark.
>
> The companies will be permitted to retain, when operating independently, their local designation or name. The captains of the companies will report by letter to the colonel commanding the regiment of the exact condition of arms, amount of instruction, uniforms, and number of men available for active service and the average attendance at all the drills.
>
> James P. Eagle, Governor of Arkansas

The following regimental officers were appointed by Adjutant General Files:

* Col. John D. Waldron, Commander of the First Regiment Arkansas State Guard, effective 1 October 1891.
* Lieut. Col. John M. Dungan
* Maj. G. C. Schogg
* Capt. C. M. Wing appointed as the Regimental Adjutant
* Capt. Chas. E. Taylor appointed as the Regimental Quartermaster

Col. Waldron was ordered to take necessary steps to completely organize, and equip his regiment, making all necessary appointments of non-commissioned officers. He was authorized to make such visits and inspections as he deemed proper in the performance of his duty.

### Reorganization of 1897

In January 1897 Governor Daniel W. Jones took office and although the position of adjutant general had still not been re-authorized by the state legislature at this time, Jones appointed Brigadier General Arthur Neill as his private secretary and acting adjutant general. The new governor and adjutant general began a massive reorganization of the Arkansas State Guard; two additional regiments of infantry, another troop of cavalry, and another battery of artillery were added. The state was divided by the Arkansas River into two military districts. The 1st Regiment, Arkansas State Guards was assigned to the Southern District.

| 1st Regiment, Arkansas State Guards | Colonel F.B.T. Hollenberg, | Station |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Company A |  | Not yet formed |
| Company B | CPT James Wood | Little Rock |
| Company C, (McCarthy Light Guards) | CPT C.M. Wright | Little Rock |
| Company D, (Fletcher Rifles) | CPT R.M. Pearson | Little Rock |
| Company E | CPT Grant White | Hope |
| Company F |  | Not yet formed |
| Company G |  | Not yet formed |
| Company H | CPT Edward Lucas | Star City |
| Company I |  | Not yet formed |
| Company J |  | Not yet formed |
| Company K |  | Not yet formed |
| Company L | CPT R.W. Reynolds | Lake Village |

## Spanish–American War

On 25 April 1898, President William McKinley called upon the State to supply two infantry regiments for the Spanish–American War. As none of the regiments were in acceptable condition to deploy – only two companies were determined fit to be mustered into service intact – the decision was made to create two new infantry regiments from the available manpower. The 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Regiments of Infantry, Arkansas State Guard, were reorganized, redesignated and mustered into federal service between 14 and 25 May 1898 at Little Rock as the 1st and 2nd Arkansas Volunteer Infantry. Governor Jones intended that all sections of the State be represented as far as possible, so the two new Regiments were created from selected State Guard companies and from different sections of the state. Pursuant to the Governor's direction the 1st Arkansas Volunteer Infantry was organized as follows:

**1st Arkansas Volunteer Infantry**

| Company | Former Organization | Station |
| --- | --- | --- |
| A | Company A, 3rd Regiment, Arkansas State Guard (ASG) | Hot Springs |
| B | Company, E, 3rd Regiment, ASG (Jefferson Fencibles) | Pine Bluff |
| C | Battery B, ASG | Fort Smith |
| D | Company D, 3rd Regiment, ASG | Fort Smith |
| E | Co E, 1st Regiment, ASG and Co G, 3rd Regiment, ASG | Hope (Co E) and Dequeen (CO G) |
| F | Company I, 4th Regiment, ASG | Springdale |
| G | Company B, 4th Regiment, ASG (Helena Light Guards) | Helena |
| H | New Unit Organized for the War |  |
| I | Company A, 1st Regiment, ASG | Van Buren |
| K | Company I, 3rd Regiment, ASG | Paris |
| L | Company L, 1st Regiment, ASG, (Chicot Rifles) | Lake Village |
| M (Greene Rifles) | New Unit Organized for the War |  |

The newly formed 1st Arkansas Volunteer Infantry did not see combat during the Spanish–American War. The regiment, commanded by Colonel Elias Chandler, along with the 2nd Arkansas Volunteer Infantry was sent to Camp George H. Thomas at Chickamauga Park, Georgia in May 1898. The 1st Arkansas Volunteer Infantry was still there participating in basic training when the war effectively ended with the fall of Cuba and the signing of an armistice in early August. The 1st Arkansas Volunteer Infantry mustered out of Federal Service on 25 October 1899 at Little Rock, Arkansas.

## The State Guard becomes the National Guard

The Militia Act of 1903 (32 Stat. 775), also known as the **Dick Act**, organized the various state militias into the present National Guard system. The act was passed in response to the demonstrated weaknesses in the militia, and in the entire U.S. military in the Spanish–American War of 1898.

U.S. Senator Charles W. F. Dick, a Major General in the Ohio National Guard who chaired the Committee on the Militia, sponsored the 1903 Act towards the end of the 57th United States Congress. This legislation, passed 21 January 1903, gave federal status to the state militia, and required them to conform to Regular Army organization within five years. The act also required National Guard units to attend 24 drills and five days' annual training a year, and provided for pay for annual training for the first time. In return for the increased Federal funding which the act made available, militia units had to meet certain standards, and were subject to inspection by Regular Army officers.

In Arkansas, re-organization of the Arkansas State Guard actually began in 1901 under Governor Jeff Davis. Major General W.M. Maynes, in a biennial report dated 31 December 1906 provided an overview of the status of the Arkansas Militia. The Militia was subdivided by statute into the State Guard, or active organize militia, and the Reserve Militia. The State Guard, or regularly enlisted, organized and uniformed militia, was at a total strength of 1,274 personnel. The Federal Government appropriated $35,956.86 for the support of the Arkansas State Guard in that year and the Adjutant General applied to the General Assembly for appropriation of one half the Federal appropriation. Beginning with the passage of the "Dick" Act, the Arkansas State Guard was henceforth called the 'Arkansas National Guard'. The units retained their designations as the 1st Arkansas Infantry, 2nd Arkansas Infantry, etc., until the beginning of World War I, when all National Guard units were redesignated with federal numbers.

### Geographic reorganization

For several years, the state had been organized with the 1st Infantry being stationed north of the Arkansas River and the 2nd Infantry stationed south of the river. But in 1909, the Adjutant General, General Green, determined that the disposition of new railroads and highways had made the existing stationing plan inefficient. He issued General Order No 35 which reorganized the regiments and battalions and changed the letter designations of some of the companies. The regiments were re-stationed so that the 1st Infantry was situated in the eastern part of the state, with its principle "concentration point" being Little Rock, and the 2nd Infantry was stationed in the western part of the state, concentrated around Fort Smith.

| Regiment | Unit | Station | Officers | Enlisted |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1st Regiment | Headquarters | Little Rock | 15 | 5 |
|  | Company A | Prescott | 3 | 78 |
|  | Company B | Beebe | 3 | 58 |
|  | Company C | Hot Springs | 3 | 41 |
|  | Company D | El Dorado | 3 | 57 |
|  | Company E | Black Rock | 3 | 56 |
|  | Company F | Jonesboro | 3 | 64 |
|  | Company G | McCrory | 2 | 61 |
|  | Company H | Heber Springs | 3 | 42 |
|  | Company I | Helena | 3 | 58 |
|  | Company K | Lonoke | 3 | 71 |
|  | Company L | Piggott | 3 | 61 |
|  | Company M | Blytheville | 3 | 55 |
|  | 1st Regiment Band | Little Rock |  | 28 |

### Increased training with new funding

With the new Federal funding in place State National Guard units were encouraged to participate in biennial encampments with the regular army. In 1906 Arkansas sent one provisional regiment to Fort Riley, Kansas for training. In 1908 a provisional regiment trained at Leon Springs, Texas. In 1910 Arkansas Troops were invited back to Leon Springs, Texas for a 12-day encampment and the federal government provided $25,000 to defray the costs of the encampment.

Companies A-D-F-H-I and M of the 1st Infantry participated in an encampment at Dardanelle, Arkansas from 9–18 August 1909. The units were trained by members of the 1st Battalion, 16th Infantry, U.S. Army.

## Mexican Border Campaign

In July 1916, the entire Arkansas National Guard was mobilized for federal service on the Mexican border. The 1st and 2nd Infantry Regiments were stationed near Deming, New Mexico, as part of support troops for the 'Pancho Villa Expedition', led by General John J. Pershing. The 1st Arkansas did not engage in Mexico and returned to Little Rock in February, mustering out of service 19–24 February at Fort Logan H. Roots. This mobilization of the National Guard along the Mexican border was the training ground for many future leaders of the Arkansas National Guard – many of the officers who led Arkansas National Guard units in the early years of World War I and World War II began their service on the Mexican border.

## World War I

### Status on eve of war

When the United States declared war on Germany 6 April 1917, less than two months had passed since the 1st Arkansas had completed mustering out from duty on the Mexican border. In March, 1917, the Arkansas National Guard had been in danger of having its federal recognition withdrawn due to poor enlistment levels. Company "E", 1st Arkansas Infantry, Little Rock Company, had only twenty men and were thirty-two men short – the businessmen of Little Rock were unenthusiastic, and employers would not let men off for training and would discourage their employees from joining.

### Mobilization

While Congress was debating the declaration of war the 1st Regiment was mobilized 31 March 1917, and began reporting to Fort Roots in North Little Rock. With the increased speculation of the entry of the United States in the war in Europe, plans for mobilization were published. The War Department initially called the 1st Regiment of the Arkansas National Guard into federal service for the purpose of police protection. Meanwhile, Governor Charles H. Brough was planning to withhold $25,000 of the State's appropriation to the Arkansas National Guard, hoping that the federal government would bear the financial burden of the Arkansas National Guard.

The units of the 1st Arkansas were to proceed to Ft. Roots outside of Little Rock for mobilization when the companies had reached the minimum company strength of sixty-five men. The minimum strength was difficult to achieve because of new orders from the War Department mustering out guardsmen with families and those with previous orders. This released all men employed in government work. To counteract the men mustered out, companies were held at their home stations as long as possible to stimulate recruiting. National Guard officers understood that when a company left its home station the boys of the community lost interest in joining the Guard for fear that they would not be assigned to their local company. Recruiting for the Guard was greatly aided when Armour, one of the largest companies in Little Rock, gave the difference between salaries to its regular employees who had enlisted in the Arkansas National Guard before 31 March 1917, and were called into active service. Individuals also were exemplifying patriotism; one man upon learning the need of men for the National Guard, left his work in the fields and walked thirty miles to enlist.

By 4 April 1917, the 1st Arkansas Regiment was ready to move to Little Rock, and company commanders were ordered to report by wire the hour and date they expected to leave their home stations. New companies at Forrest City, Dewitt, Rison, and Fordyce were being organized with the idea of "beating Uncle Sam" and not being drafted. The 2nd Arkansas Regiment was on forty-eight-hour standby and had not received mobilization orders.

To equip the companies of the 1st Arkansas, U.S. Arsenals sent to Ft. Roots 2,000 rifles, 1,500 uniforms, 2,000 blankets, 1,000 cots, 2,000 pairs of shoes, and 100 pyramidal tents.

Policies were established to cope with men unable to pass physical examinations. It was determined that these men were to be mustered into Federal service, their status remaining the same as those men passing the physical examination. After being mustered into Federal service, the men who did not pass the physical examination were discharged and given free passage home. The 1st Arkansas Infantry had a discharge rate because of physical defects of only 12 per cent; when the 1st Arkansas Infantry was mobilized for duty on the Mexican border the discharge rate was 50 per cent.

The first military assignment of the Arkansas National Guard was to "find and destroy" a "spy" wireless station located somewhere in the Blue Mountains. This they found on the highest peak in the state, Mt. Magazine – a disused and forgotten radio station that had been used by the Government Geodetic Survey Corps. The second military campaign, concerning the right of the governor to order a detail of Arkansas National Guards to Bauzite, was fought on paper between Colonel James, Commanding Officer of the Arkansas National Guard, and Governor Brough. The need for troops at Bauxite was due to a German flag being flown by a grape grower. Colonel James refused to send troops on the grounds that he took his orders from General Pershing. The matter was settled when the flag disappeared.

The 1st Arkansas was assigned the duty of guarding the State Capital, which contained the arsenal of the Arkansas National Guard. Troops were placed in and around the building, and only persons authorized by the Secretary of State, T. J. Terral, could be admitted to the grounds. Company "B" (from Beebe) of the 1st Arkansas Regiment, the first company assigned guard duty, camped on the west side of the Capital. Four nights later the men from Company "B" could claim another first for their company when two guardsmen fired eight shots and frightened off an intruder.

Rumors that the 1st Arkansas would be assigned to levee and bridge guard duties throughout the state proved to be false when the men were put to work clearing land for a new campsite for the 1st Arkansas. When 7,000 Reserve Officer candidates were sent to Ft. Roots, the 1st Arkansas gave up their barracks for tents. The 1st Arkansas soldiers were given vaccinations against smallpox and typhoid fever, and then ordered to clear out brush and trees, work on post roads, and guard the camp.

On 18 May 1917, the Arkansas National Guard was notified that the Guard as a whole would be called into federal service on 5 August 1917. This announcement caused the 1st Arkansas to start military training. One-third of the men resumed drilling and training while the other men completed the construction on Ft. Root.

Outside of work at Ft. Root, however, the Arkansas soldiers were treated to dances and banquets by the citizens of Little Rock. The men of Company "B" of the 1st Arkansas solicited funds at the Capital and used the money to buy baseball suits and baseball materials. The men also enjoyed a "breezy" newspaper devoted to the interest of the Arkansas National Guard, named the *Volunteer*.

The Arkansas National Guard was initially informed that its units would be assigned to the Eighteenth Division, along with the states of Mississippi and Louisiana. The state was directed to raise one regiment of infantry, one regiment of field artillery, and one outpost of company signal corps. After hearing the news, the men of the Arkansas National Guard stepped up their training with intensified cross county hiking, drilling, and maneuvering.

By 16 July 1917, the 1st Arkansas included the following units:

| Regiment | Unit | Station | Officers | Enlisted |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1st Regiment | Company A | Heber Springs | 3 | 166 |
|  | Company B | Beebe | 3 | 149 |
|  | Company C | Arkadelphia | 3 | 97 |
|  | Company D | El Dorado | 2 | 70 |
|  | Company E | Little Rock | 3 | 167 |
|  | Company F | Hope | 2 | 120 |
|  | Company G | Jonesboro | 3 | 99 |
|  | Company H | Marvill | 2 | 98 |
|  | Company I | Warren | 2 | 103 |
|  | Company K | Dermott | 3 | 89 |
|  | Company L | Piggott | 3 | 74 |
|  | Company M | Blytheville | 3 | 196 |
|  | Headquarters Company | Little Rock | 1 | 33 |
|  | Supply Company | Little Rock | 2 | 53 |
|  | Machine Gun Company | Little Rock | 3 | 53 |
|  | Medical Corps | Beebe | 5 | 22 |

On 18 July 1917, the 1st Arkansas was assigned to Camp Beauregard (Alexandria, Louisiana), for training as the Eighteenth Division. By 24 July 1917, Company "B" from Beebe was the only unit of the 1st Arkansas National Guard having a full war quota of men after physical examination for Federal service. On 26 July 1917, the first guardsman was killed when James Voinche, Company I, 1st Arkansas Infantry, was killed by a streetcar in Little Rock.

By August, 1917, the 1st Arkansas had become proficient in firing rifles and had practiced bayoneting dummies; the machine gun company had their target practice at Pinnacle Mountain. The chaplain of the 1st Arkansas kept the regiment's history. Because Ft. Roots was designated a base hospital, the men of the 1st Arkansas were transferred from Ft. Roots to the adjacent Camp Pike, and were permitted to sleep in the barracks. The tents were packed by the men with hopes that they would not be unpacked until arrival in France.

The 1st Arkansas Regiment Band appeared in a War Department film in 1917. Little Rock also hosted the largest Southwest parade in over thirty years – the Eighty-seventh Division, Arkansas National Guard, National Army, and the Iowa Field Artillery participated. This was the last parade in the state of Arkansas for many members of the Arkansas National Guard.

### Movement to Camp Beauregard

In late September, 1917, the Arkansas National Guard moved by train to Camp Beauregard in Alexandria, Louisiana. The trip took about fourteen hours.

### Re-numbering and loss of state designations

Upon reaching Camp Beauregard, all National Guard units were stripped of their state designations and re-numbered under a new federal system: The 18th Division was redesignated as the 39th Division. The 1st Arkansas Infantry Regiment became the 153rd Infantry Regiment,

The 39th "Delta" Division was composed of the:

* Seventy-seventh Infantry Brigade (153rd Infantry, 154th Infantry, and the 141st Machine Gun Battalion);
* Seventy-eighth Infantry Brigade (155th Infantry, 156th Infantry, 142nd Machine Gun Battalion);
* Sixty-fourth Field Artillery Brigade (140th Field Artillery, 141st Field Artillery, 142nd Field Artillery, and the 114th Trench Mortar Battery);
* the Divisional Troops (140th Machine Gun Battalion, 114th Engineers, 114th Field Signal Battalion and Headquarters Troop); and,
* Trains (114th Train Headquarters and Military Police, 114th Ammunition Train, 114th Supply Train, 114th Engineer Train, and the 114th Sanitary Train. The 39th Division was brought up to strength with the addition of soldiers from Ohio, Illinois and Kentucky.

An outbreak of measles in the later part of October 1917 kept the men from drilling. Regardless, in January, 1918, the National Guard Reserve was transferred to the active list. However, in the same month, Alexandria, Louisiana, was made off limits, and visits by other regiments were banned due to an outbreak of meningitis. During this time, the soldiers were instructed in the use of deadly gases and then exposed to tear gas. The curfew concerning Alexandria lasted until 6 March 1918. The soldiers complained about the bugs and were anxious to go to France. By March 1918, the soldiers had received new Enfield rifles. In early October, 1918, after the departure of most Arkansas soldiers, Camp Beauregard was struck by Spanish influenza which led into lobar pneumonia; all available facilities were used and hospitals became overcrowded.

The 1st Arkansas passed in review for the first time in February for Arkansas Adjutant-General England, and the entire 39th Division passed in review in April for the Governors of Mississippi and Louisiana.

### Deployment to France

Due to a lack of replacements for units already in combat in Europe, enlisted soldiers of the 39th Division were offered the opportunity to volunteer to deploy early ahead of the reset of the division. This chance to volunteer for immediate combat was offered to approximately five thousand troops. In June, 1918, these volunteer enlisted personnel from the 153rd (old 1st Arkansas) and 154th (composed of part of the old 2nd and 3rd Arkansas) Infantry, began arriving in France. The movement consisted of only twenty per cent of each organization, and the officers did not accompany their troops but remained at Camp Beauregard with the other eighty per cent still in training.

The 39th Division, less its artillery units, left Camp Beauregard 1 August 1918 and sailed for overseas service 6 August 1918. The units of the 39th Division arrived in France between 12 August and 12 September 1918. They were then sent to the St. Florent area, southwest of Bourges, where it was designated as a replacement division. In November, 1918, it moved to St. Aignan. There, several of the units were transferred to combat divisions. The Division was never a front line division; therefore, it never advanced any miles, captured any prisoners nor received any replacements. The Division was designated as the Fifth Depot Division on 14 August 1918, and moved to Charost and Mehun-sur-Yeure Area southwest of Bourges. The units of the Division for the most part were training cadres whose duties were to receive, train, equip, and forward replacements of both officers and men for the infantry units, machine gun units, and for ammunition and supply trains. On 29 October 1918, orders directed that the Division be attached to the 1st Depot Division at St-Aignan-Noyers and Loir-et-Cher.

While the 153rd Infantry did not see combat as a regiment due to its use as replacements, several of its soldiers did participate in combat. In a letter home in August 1918, a guardsman from the old Company "I" of the 1st Arkansas National Guard, described the fighting and sent a coat lapel which he stated belonged to the "best soldier for the Crown Prince", a German soldier whom the Arkansan had apparently killed in combat. The Arkansas Guardsmen also stated that the German soldiers were best at running. About the same time letters were being received in Arkansas from soldiers of the old 1st and 3rd Arkansas National Guard Regiments.

### Demobilization

Most former Arkansas guardsmen began returning to the United States during January and February 1919. The Division returned to the United States for demobilization during the period between 30 November 1918, and 1 May 1919. The Division demobilized the following month at Camp Beauregard, Louisiana. With the war ended, the 153rd Infantry landed in Hoboken, New Jersey, 27 February 1919, making the crossing aboard the USS *President Grant*.

## Between the World Wars

### The 5th Arkansas

As it became clear that the Arkansas National Guard units mobilized for World War I would not simply revert to state control but were, in fact, being disbanded upon demobilization, the state petitioned the War Department to be allowed to establish several new units: Arkansas was initially authorized to form the Fifth Regiment, Arkansas Infantry.

A proclamation was issued by the Governor on 7 November 1919, calling upon every county and city to co-operation in the organizing of at least one National Guard Company in each county. A campaign was launched in January 1920 by bringing the Regimental Commander, Colonel Ebenezer L. Compere, and a group of officers and enlisted soldiers who toured through sixty four of the state's largest cities to raise awareness and support of the National Guard.

As a result of this campaign, the following units were authorized to expand the new 5th Arkansas Infantry:

* Machine Gun Company, Fifth Arkansas Infantry, stationed at Pine Bluff, was given Federal Recognition on 31 July 1920.
* Supply Company, 5th Infantry was authorized to be formed at Fort Smith.
* A Band Section under the Headquarters of the 5th Infantry was authorized at Pine Bluff.
* Company A, 5th Arkansas Infantry was organized at Hope.

Infantry companies were also authorized at the following cities.

* Arkadelphia,
* Batesville,
* Beebe, with a detached platoon at McRea,
* Blue Mountain, with a detached Platoon at Plaineview
* Blytheville
* Booneville, with a detached platoon at Magazine
* Camden
* Earle
* Eureka Springs
* Heber Springs
* Magnolia
* Marianna
* Helena
* Marshall
* Prescott
* Rison
* Russellville
* Texarkana,
* Warren,

### Re-Constitution of 153rd Infantry Regiment

By 1921 the state had been authorized to reconstitute its war time units. The 5th Arkansas Infantry was reorganized as the 153rd Infantry and the 141st Machine Gun battalion. The 153rd Infantry was stationed as follows:

| Headquarters | Company | Station | Federal Recognition |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 153 Infantry Regiment | HHC, 153rd IN | Russellville | 28 January 1926 |
|  | Service Company | Searcy, Arkansas | 2 July 1924 |
|  | Band Section, Svc Company | Conway, Arkansas | 13 November 1923 |
|  | Howitzer Company | Mena, Arkansas | 25 October 1921 |
|  | Medical Detachment | Prescott, Arkansas | 12 January 1923 |
| 1st Battalion, 153 Infantry Regiment | Headquarters, 1–153rd In | Hope, Arkansas | 25 October 1921 |
|  | Headquarters Company, 1–153rd IN | Ashdown, Arkansas | 14 December 1923 |
|  | Company A, 1–153 IN | Hope, Arkansas | 30 December 1920 |
|  | Company B, 1–153 IN | Magnolia, Arkansas | 29 March 1921 |
|  | Company C, 1–153 IN | Prescott, Arkansas | 21 February 1921 |
|  | Company D, 1–153 IN | Pine Bluff, Arkansas | 31 July 1920 |
| 2nd Battalion, 153 Infantry Regiment | Headquarters | Little Rock, Arkansas | 25 June 1921 |
|  | Headquarters Company, 2–153 IN | Conway, Arkansas | 27 January 1926 |
|  | Company E, 2–153 IN | Clarksville, Arkansas | 25 February 1921 |
|  | Company F, 2–153 IN | Dardanelle, Arkansas | 28 April 1923 |
|  | Company G, 2–153 IN | Conway, Arkansas | 21 April 1921 |
|  | Company H, 2–153 IN | Forrest City, Arkansas | 25 May 1921 |
| 3rd Battalion, 153 Infantry Regiment | Headquarters, 3–153 IN | Cotten Plant, Arkansas | 1 July 1921 |
|  | Headquarters Company, 3–153 IN | Beebe, Arkansas | 25 June 1921 |
|  | Company I, 3–153 IN | Cotton Plant, Arkansas | 15 March 1921 |
|  | Company K, 3–153 IN | Lonoke, Arkansas | 23 June 1923 |
|  | Company L, 3–153 IN | Batesville, Arkansas | 2 October 1924 |
|  | Company M, 3–153 IN Command | Blytheville, Arkansas | 8 May 1921 |

### Organization in 1926

The follow unit locations were reported in the Arkansas Adjutant General's Report for 1926.

| Headquarters | Company | Station |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 153 Infantry Regiment | HHC, 153rd IN | Russellville |
|  | Service Company | Searcy |
|  | Band Section, Svc Company | Conway |
|  | Howitzer Company | Mena |
|  | Medical Detachment | Prescott |
| 1st Battalion, 153 Infantry Regiment | Headquarters, 1–153rd In | Hope |
|  | Headquarters Company, 1–153rd IN | Ashdown |
|  | Company A, 1–153 IN | Hope |
|  | Company B, 1–153 IN | Magnolia |
|  | Company C, 1–153 IN | Prescott |
|  | Company D, 1–153 IN | Pine Bluff |
| 2nd Battalion, 153 Infantry Regiment | Headquarters | Little Rock |
|  | Headquarters Company, 2–153 IN | Conway |
|  | Company E, 2–153 IN | Clarksville |
|  | Company F, 2–153 IN | Dardanelle |
|  | Company G, 2–153 IN | Conway |
|  | Company H, 2–153 IN | Forrest City |
| 3rd Battalion, 153 Infantry Regiment | Headquarters, 3–153 IN | Cotten Plant |
|  | Headquarters Company, 3–153 IN | Beebe |
|  | Company I, 3–153 IN | Cotton Plant |
|  | Company K, 3–153 IN | Lonoke |
|  | Company L, 3–153 IN | Batesville |
|  | Company M, 3–153 IN Command | Blytheville |

## World War II

The 153rd Infantry Regiment was ordered to active duty 23 December 1940, as a part of a one-year mobilization of the National Guard in preparation for World War II and spent the next 10 days at what is now the University of Central Arkansas. The 153rd then moved to Camp Robinson and completed basic training. Moving to Camp Forrest, Tenn., the regiment spent six-week in maneuvers and returned to Camp Robinson for a few days of leave before shipping out to Camp Murray, Wash., on 20 August 1941.

The 153rd, along with the 206th Coast Artillery Regiment arrived in Alaska in August 1941. The 1st and 3rd Battalions were posted to Annette Island and Seward, Nome and Yakutat, Alaska. The 2nd Battalion was stationed on Umnak Island, west of Dutch Harbor and took part in the occupation of Adak Island and the assault on Kiska. 15 August 1943, part of the Aleutian Islands Campaign. The Japanese had secretly abandoned Kiska only days before the invasion by U.S. forces. The recapture of Kiska brought the Aleutian Islands campaign to a close.

The 153rd returned to Camp Shelby, Miss., on 21 March 1944 and was deactivated on 30 June 1944; its soldiers assigned to other units as replacements. Many returned to Camp Robinson as cadre.

## The Cold War

The 153rd Infantry was reconstituted on 30 September 1946 as an element of the 39th Infantry Division. It was composed of units from Arkansas and Louisiana, with its headquarters stationed at New Orleans, Louisiana and the Arkansas portion headquartered in Little Rock Arkansas.

### 153rd Infantry Regiment Post WWII Stationing, 1946

| Headquarters | Company | Station |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 153 Infantry Regiment | HHC, 153rd IN | Little Rock, Arkansas |
|  | Service Company | Searcy, Arkansas |
|  | Tank Company | Pine Bluff, Arkansas |
|  | Heavy Mortar Company | DeQueen, Arkansas |
|  | Medical Company | Little Rock, Arkansas |
| 1st Battalion, 153 Infantry Regiment | Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 1–153rd IN | Texarkana, Arkansas |
|  | Company A, 1–153 IN | Hope, Arkansas |
|  | Company B, 1–153 IN | Malvern, Arkansas |
|  | Company C, 1–153 IN | Prescott, Arkansas |
|  | Company D, 1–153 IN | Arkadelphia, Arkansas |
| 2nd Battalion, 153 Infantry Regiment | Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 2–153 IN | Morrilton, Arkansas |
|  | Company E, 2–153 IN | Clarksville, Arkansas |
|  | Company F, 2–153 IN | Dardanelle, Arkansas |
|  | Company G, 2–153 IN | Conway, Arkansas |
|  | Company H, 2–153 IN | Russellville, Arkansas |
| 3rd Battalion, 153 Infantry Regiment | Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 3–153 IN | Beebe, Arkansas |
|  | Company I, 3–153 IN | Jonesboro, Arkansas |
|  | Company K, 3–153 IN | Walnut Ridge, Arkansas |
|  | Company L, 3–153 IN | Batesville, Arkansas |
|  | Company M, 3–153 IN Command | Blytheville |

### Task Force 153rd and Little Rock Central High School integration

The United States Supreme Court ruled 17 May 1954 that racial segregation in a public school is unconstitutional. That ruling would place the Arkansas National Guard in a unique position that offered a chance to demonstrate the professionalism of citizen-soldiers.

After a series of legal proceedings the Federal District Court ordered the Little Rock School District to proceed with its integration plans when school opened 3 September 1957. Governor Orval Faubus ordered the Arkansas National Guard to Little Rock Central High School 2 September 1957 because he had evidence "that there is imminent danger of tumult, riot and breach of peace and the doing of violence to persons and property". The Governor initially ordered to state duty the State Headquarters Detachment, the Base Detachment at Adams Field and any other units the Adjutant General felt necessary to "accomplish the mission of maintaining or restoring law and order and to preserve the peace, health, safety and security of the citizens of Pulaski County, Arkansas."

Major General Sherman T. Clinger, the Adjutant General of Arkansas, assembled a force of 289 soldiers under command of LTC Marion Johnson. On 4 September 1957 LTC Johnson told nine black students who were attempting to enter Central High School to return home. The National Guard presence gradually decreased to a 15-man day and night shift. The National Guard was replaced by the Little Rock City Police Friday, 20 September 1957.

On Monday, 23 September 1957 eight black students entered Central High. When word spread that the students were inside a crowd of approximately 1,000 gathered outside the school. There was a concern that the police would not be able to handle the crowd, but tensions eased when the black students were removed from Central. A force of 150 Guardsmen had been assembled and placed on five-minute notice to assist the police at Central, but they were not called on.

President Dwight D. Eisenhower federalized the entire Arkansas National Guard on 24 September, and unit members began assembling at home stations throughout the night. On the 24th elements of the 101st Airborne Division began arriving at Little Rock and took up positions around Central High. That same day the Adjutant General met with the commander of the Arkansas Military District and was ordered to assemble a force at Camp Robinson for duty at Central High. Those units were:

1st Battalion, 153rd Infantry Regiment 3rd Battalion, 153rd Infantry Regiment 39th Military Police Company and Company D, 212th Signal Battalion

This force, consisting of 107 officers, 15 warrant officers and 1184 enlisted men, closed on Camp Robinson just after noon on the 25th. The National Guard soldiers were told, "Our mission is to enforce the orders of the Federal Courts with respect to the attendance at the public schools of Little Rock of all those who are properly enrolled, and to maintain law and order while doing so...Our individual feelings towards those court orders should have no influence on our execution of the mission." Said one Arkansas Guard major, "We have been ordered to maintain the peace and that is what we intend to do." The remainder of Arkansas National Guard units remained at home station and conducted training.

Beginning with night patrols on the 25th the Arkansas units worked with the 101st, gradually taking over more of the responsibility. By the 30th the Arkansas National Guard had full responsibility for escorting the black students to and from Central High and for providing them protection while inside the school. The majority of the Arkansas National Guard was released from active duty 1 October 1957. The initial force of 1200 assembled at Camp Robinson for duty at Central High School was gradually reduced to 435 officers and men. 1st Battalion, 153rd Infantry Regiment (referred to as Task Force 153rd Infantry in the situational reports to President Eisenhower) performed this duty.

From December 1957 through May 1958, Task Force 153rd Infantry maintained one Platoon at Central High School, one Platoon on thirty-minute recall at Camp Robinson, one Company on one hour recall, and the remainder of the battalion remained on duty at Camp Robinson. Members of the unit were involved in breaking up assaults on members of the Little Rock Nine by white students and responding to bomb threats against the school as late as February 1958. On 8 May 1958, the last three Arkansas National Guard soldiers withdrew from Central High School.

The 153rd Infantry's actions in the face of intense national scrutiny were applauded by people on both sides of the Central High School Integration Crisis. Harry Ashmore, editor of the *Arkansas Gazette* newspaper, who won the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing, "For the forcefulness, dispassionate analysis and clarity of his editorials on the school integration conflict in Little Rock," said that no one, whatever his beliefs on school integration, could feel anything but admiration for the way the Arkansas Guardsmen went calmly about their duties, steering clear of partisan pressure. Little Rock School Superintendent Virgil Blossom said, "I have nothing but praise for the Guardsmen and the manner in which they performed a trying job under difficult circumstances."

### Reorganization of 1959, the Pentomic Division

In 1959, the 39th Division was reorganized, along with all other National Guard divisions, in accordance with the new Pentomic Division Concept. This concept attempted to provide a new divisional structure to fight on the atomic battlefield.

#### Regiments no longer tactical units

The reorganization resulted in the end of the regiment as a tactical unit in the United States Army. Traditionally, regiments were the basic branch element, especially for the infantry, and their long histories had produced deep traditions considered essential to unit *esprit de corps*. The new divisional structure, replacing infantry regiments with anonymous battle groups, threatened to destroy all of these traditions. Secretary of the Army Wilber M. Brucker settled the question on 24 January 1957 when he approved the Combat Arms Regimental System. Although regiments (armored cavalry notwithstanding) would no longer exist as tactical units, certain distinguished regiments were to become "parent" organizations for the combat arms. Under the new concept, the Department of the Army assumed control of regimental headquarters – the repository for a unit's lineage, honors, and traditions – and used elements of the regiments to organize battle groups, battalions, squadrons, companies, batteries, and troops, which shared in the history and honors of their parent units. In place of the regiment or brigade, the new Pentomic Infantry Division fielded five "Battle Groups", each containing 1,356 soldiers. The 153rd Infantry was reorganized 1 June 1959 as a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System, to consist of the 1st, and 2nd, Battle Groups, elements of the 39th Infantry Division.

### Reorganization of 1963

By 1963 the Army again changed the basic design for an Infantry Division. The Battle Groups of the Pentomic Division had proved to be unwieldy, and it was felt that their span of control was not sufficient to handle all of the various units and troops assigned to their command. The army reverted to the infantry battalion as the basic building block and provided for additional command and control by providing a brigade headquarters. The 1st and 2nd Brigades, 39th Division were allocated to the Louisiana National Guard, while the 3rd Brigade was allocated to the Arkansas National Guard. The 153rd Infantry was reorganized to consist of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Battalions. For information on the 153rd Infantry Regiment after 1963, please see 39th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States) or the individual battalion histories. 1st Battalion, 153rd Infantry Regiment; 2nd Battalion, 153rd Infantry Regiment; and 3rd Battalion, 153rd Infantry Regiment.

### 39th Division reorganized as 39th Infantry Brigade (Separate)

On 1 December 1967, the 39th Division was reorganized and redesignated as the 39th Infantry Brigade. The 153rd Infantry Regiment was represented in the new 39th Infantry Brigade (Separate) by the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Battalions, 153rd Infantry. The 3rd Battalion, 153rd Infantry was inactivated in 2005. The current active units of the 153rd Infantry Regiment are the 1st and 2nd Battalions.

## Campaign participation credit

### World War I

* Streamer without inscription

### World War II

### War on Terrorism

## Past commanders

## Heraldry

Background: The distinctive unit insignia and coat of arms were originally approved for the 153rd Regiment Infantry on 6 January 1930. The Great Bear's Face was added on 4 June 1951 to represent the unit's service in Alaska during World War II. The DUI had also been amended on 30 June 1930.

### Distinctive unit insignia

A silver-color metal and enamel device 1+18 inches (29 mm) in height overall consisting of a shield blazoned: Azure, a bend wavy between a fleur-de-lis and a giant cactus Argent; on a chief of the last a Great Bear's face of the like fimbriated of the first, lips and tongue Gules. Attached below the shield is a blue motto scroll inscribed "LET'S GO" in silver letters.

Symbolism: The shield is blue for Infantry. The wavy bend, representing the Arkansas River, refers to the geographic location of the regiment. The cactus symbolizes service on the Mexican border and the fleur-de-lis service in France during World War I. The Great Bear's face from the shoulder sleeve insignia of the Alaskan Department symbolizes service in that area in World War II.

### Coat of arms

Blazon: Shield: Azure, a bend wavy between a fleur-de-lis and a giant cactus Argent; on a chief of the last a Great Bear's face of the like fimbriated of the first, lips and tongue Gules.

Crest: That for the regiments of the Arkansas National Guard: On a wreath of the colors (Argent and Azure) above two sprays of apple blossoms Proper a diamond Argent charged with four mullets Azure, one in upper point and three in lower, within a bordure of the last bearing twenty-five mullets of the second.

Symbolism: The shield is blue for Infantry. The wavy bend, representing the Arkansas River, refers to the geographic location of the regiment. The cactus symbolizes service on the Mexican border and the fleur-de-lis service in France during World War I. The Great Bear's face from the shoulder sleeve insignia of the Alaskan Department symbolizes service in that area in World War II.

## Bibliography

* Goldstein, Donald M.; Dillon, Katherine V. (1992). *The Williwaw War: the Arkansas National Guard in the Aleutians in World War II*. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press.
* United States. Dept. of the Army and Air Force. National Guard Bureau (2001), *Request for Lineage and Honors Update (153d Infantry)*, Johnson, Capt. Todd Alex, Comp., Washington: NGB.

## InfoBox

| 153rd Infantry Regiment<br>(First Arkansas) | |
| --- | --- |
| 153d Infantry Regiment Coat of Arms | |
| Active | * 1890–1919 * 1920–1944 * 1946–present |
| Country | United States |
| Allegiance | Arkansas |
| Branch | Army |
| Type | Infantry |
| Size | Regiment |
| Part of | Arkansas Army National Guard |
| Regimental Headquarters | Malvern, Arkansas |
| Nickname(s) | "First Arkansas" |
| Motto(s) | *Let's Go* |
| Facings | Light blue |
| Campaigns | World War I<br>World War II<br>War on Terrorism |
| Decorations | Meritorious Unit Commendation (Army) |
| Commanders | |
| Notable<br>commanders | Colonel Lucien Abraham |
| Insignia | |
| Regimental Insignia |  |


title: 2011 FA Trophy final

abstract: The 2011 FA Trophy Final was the 42nd final of the Football Association's cup competition for levels 5–8 of the English football league system. The match was contested by Mansfield Town and Darlington. Neither team had ever reached the FA trophy final before, and had only recently become eligible for the FA trophy after Mansfield Town were relegated from League Two in 2008 and Darlington were relegated from League Two in 2010. Mansfield Town defeated Worksop Town, Newport County, Alfreton Town, Chasetown, and Luton Town en route to the Final. Darlington defeated Tamworth, Bath City, A.F.C. Telford United, Salisbury City, and Gateshead en route to the final. Darlington won 1–0 in extra time, after the match had ended in a 0–0 draw. The goal was scored by Chris Senior in the 119th minute, seconds before the match was due to end in a penalty shoot-out.

text:
# 2011 FA Trophy final

The **2011 FA Trophy Final** was the 42nd final of the Football Association's cup competition for levels 5–8 of the English football league system. The match was contested by Mansfield Town and Darlington. Neither team had ever reached the FA trophy final before, and had only recently become eligible for the FA trophy after Mansfield Town were relegated from League Two in 2008 and Darlington were relegated from League Two in 2010.

Mansfield Town defeated Worksop Town, Newport County, Alfreton Town, Chasetown, and Luton Town en route to the Final.

Darlington defeated Tamworth, Bath City, A.F.C. Telford United, Salisbury City, and Gateshead en route to the final.

Darlington won 1–0 in extra time, after the match had ended in a 0–0 draw. The goal was scored by Chris Senior in the 119th minute, seconds before the match was due to end in a penalty shoot-out.

## Route to the final

### Mansfield Town

| **Date** | ***Home team*** | **Score** | ***Away team*** | **Venue** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| 14 December 2010 First round | **Worksop Town** | **0–5** | **Mansfield Town** | New Manor Ground |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 |  |  | Parker  17'
Briscoe  45'
Duffy  51'
Grand  65'
Medley  90' | Attendance: 682 |

| 15 January 2011 Second round | **Mansfield Town** | **4–2** | **Newport County** | Field Mill |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Connor  11', 21'
Parker  35'
Briscoe  82' |  | Morgan  60'
Matthews  80' | Attendance: 1,137 |

| 5 February 2011 Third round | **Mansfield Town** | **1–1** | **Alfreton Town** | Field Mill |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Connor  46' |  | Arnold  45+1' | Attendance: 3,408 |

| 8 February 2011 Third Round, replay | **Alfreton Town** | **1–2** | **Mansfield Town** | Impact Arena |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 | Connor  60'
Parker  77' |  | Wilson  16' | Attendance: 2,131 |

| 1 March 2011 Fourth round | **Chasetown** | **2–2** | **Mansfield Town** | Scholar's Ground |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 | Turner  59'
Davies  90' |  | Connor  35'
Briscoe  74' | Attendance: 2,000 |

| 8 March 2011 Fourth Round, replay | **Mansfield Town** | **3–1** | **Chasetown** | Field Mill |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 | Murray  35'
Briscoe  56'
Mitchley  75' |  | Jevons  52' | Attendance: 2,295 |

| 13 March 2011 Semi-final, 1st leg | **Mansfield Town** | **1–0** | **Luton Town** | Field Mill |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12:00 | Mitchley  62' |  |  | Attendance: 3,208 |

| 19 March 2011 Semi-final, 2nd leg | **Luton Town** | **1–1
Agg. 1–2** | **Mansfield Town** | Kenilworth Road |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Owusu  46' |  | Briscoe  118' | Attendance: 6,133 |

### Darlington

| **Date** | ***Home team*** | **Score** | ***Away team*** | **Venue** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| 14 December 2010 First round | **Darlington** | **3–2** | **Tamworth** | The Darlington Arena |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 | Main  47', 67'
Verma  79' |  | Rodman  58'
Sheridan  70' | Attendance: 432 |

| 15 January 2011 Second round | **Darlington** | **4–1** | **Bath City** | The Darlington Arena |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Arnison  40', 44'
Hatch  50'
Verma  70' |  | Connolly  61' | Attendance: 926 |

| 5 February 2011 Third round | **A.F.C. Telford United** | **0–3** | **Darlington** | Bucks Head |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 |  |  | Smith  2'
Verma  73'
Modest  90' | Attendance: 1,505 |

| 26 February 2011 Fourth round | **Darlington** | **2–1** | **Salisbury** | The Darlington Arena |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Smith  71'
Hatch  75' |  | Clarke  90' | Attendance: 1,869 |

| 12 March 2011 Semi-final, 1st leg | **Darlington** | **3–2** | **Gateshead** | The Darlington Arena |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Bridge-Wilkinson  55'
Hatch  76', 83' |  | Fisher  20'
Rundle  44' | Attendance: 4,208 |

| 19 March 2011 Semi-final, 2nd leg | **Gateshead** | **0–0
Agg. 2–3** | **Darlington** | Gateshead International Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 |  |  |  | Attendance: 5,156 |

## Match

### Summary

The final was played on 7 May 2011 at London's Wembley Stadium. Darlington defeated Mansfield Town 1–0 after extra time, thanks to a goal from striker Chris Senior. This was the first time that Darlington had scored at Wembley in three visits to the national stadium.

The game was a particularly even affair with both sides carving out early chances. Darlington goalkeeper Sam Russell had to be alert early on to clear an Adam Murray pass which had sent Duncan Russell clean through on goal. At the other end, Alan Marriott did well to punch away a corner from Aaron Brown before Liam Hatch could get his head on it. In the 18th minute, a Mansfield corner was met by the head of former Darlington captain Steve Foster, but the ball sailed well over the bar. On 32 minutes, Gary Smith broke into the Mansfield, where he appeared to be brought down by Louis Briscoe. Referee Stuart Attwell, who was well placed, waved away the penalty appeals. Darlington suffered a blow on 38 minutes when Smith, who had been lively in midfield, limped off to be replaced by Aman Verma. The first half of the match concluded with the score at 0–0.

Despite Darlington dominating the opening exchanges of the second half, Mansfield created an excellent chance when Briscoe took on two players from the right and his cross-shot was deflected just over the bar by his team-mate Paul Connor.

After 58 minutes Darlington had an excellent chance to take the lead. John Campbell broke clear down the left hand side of the pitch and crossed low for Tommy Wright; the striker took too long, however, and Mansfield were able to clear for a corner. Both sides traded attacks, none of which came to much, before Darlington were awarded an 89th minute free-kick 25 yards out, following an unfair challenge on Verma. Marc Bridge-Wilkinson took the free-kick, which clattered against Marriott's right hand post, with the Mansfield 'keeper well beaten.

In the dying seconds of normal time, Bridge-Wilkinson crossed into the box where Wright headed wide with a diving attempt. When the whistle blew for the end of normal time, the match remained at 0–0.

Both teams created chances, during an extra time period marked by both teams increasing fatigue. During extra-time, Darlington replaced Bridge-Wilkinson with Paul Terry, while Mansfield brought on Danny Mitchley for Murray. During a fraught final period of extra time Mansfield threatened when Ashley Cain's cross reached the far post where Connor headed narrowly over the bar. Then, eight minutes from time, Chris Moore forced a Darlington corner. Brown took it and Wright headed against the post, before Ian Miller forced a fine save from Marriott.

As a penalty shoot-out loomed over the match, Darlington created one last chance. In the 119th minute, an Aaron Brown long throw was flicked on by Miller and found Wright, who got to the ball ahead of Marriott to send a looping header towards the Mansfield goal. The ball hit the bar before falling to Chris Senior who headed into the roof of the net to send the Darlington fans into raptures and secure an FA Trophy final victory for Darlington.

### Details

| Mansfield Town | 0–1 (a.e.t.) | Darlington |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Senior  119' |

Wembley Stadium, LondonAttendance: 24,668Referee: Stuart Attwell

| GK **1**  Alan Marriott  DF **2**  Gary Silk  DF **5**  Steve Foster  DF **20**  Tom Naylor  DF **3**  Daniel Spence  MF **10**  Kyle Nix  MF **8**  Tyrone Thompson  MF **11**  Adam Smith   95'  MF **29**  Adam Murray ()   108'  FW **7**  Louis Briscoe  FW **23**  Paul Connor  **Substitutes:**  GK **25**  Neil Collett  DF **17**  Paul Stonehouse  MF **26**  Ashley Cain   95'  FW **35**  Danny Mitchley   108'  **Manager:**  Duncan Russell |  | GK **23**  Sam Russell  DF **2**  Paul Arnison  MF **4**  Jamie Chandler  DF **6**  Ian Miller ()  FW **7**  Liam Hatch  FW **9**  Tommy Wright  103'  MF **11**  Chris Moore  MF **20**  Gary Smith   39'  DF **25**  Aaron Brown  MF **31**  Marc Bridge-Wilkinson   99'  FW **32**  John Campbell   74'  **Substitutes:**  GK **33**  Danzelle St Louis-Hamilton  FW **10**  Chris Senior   74'  MF **21**  Paul Terry   99'  DF **26**  Phil Gray  MF **29**  Aman Verma   39'  **Manager:**  Mark Cooper |
| --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

2011 FA Trophy Final
| Event | 2010–11 FA Trophy |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| After extra time | |
| Date | 7 May 2011 |
| Venue | Wembley Stadium, London |
| Referee | Stuart Attwell |
| Attendance | 24,668 |
|


title: Badminton at the 1987 SEA Games

abstract: Badminton at the 1987 SEA Games was held at Kuningan Hall, Jakarta, Indonesia. Badminton events was held between 10 and 19 September.

text:
# Badminton at the 1987 SEA Games

**Badminton** at the 1987 SEA Games was held at Kuningan Hall, Jakarta, Indonesia. Badminton events was held between 10 and 19 September.

## Medal winners

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's singles
 | Icuk Sugiarto
Indonesia | Eddy Kurniawan
Indonesia | Misbun Sidek
Malaysia |
| | | | Foo Kok Keong
Malaysia |
| Women's singles
 | Elizabeth Latief
Indonesia | Susi Susanti
Indonesia | Somharuthai Jaroensiri
Thailand |
| | | | Ladawan Mulasartsatorn
Thailand |
|  | | | |
| Men's doubles
 | Liem Swie King
Eddy Hartono
Indonesia | Sawei Chanseorasmee
Sakrapee Thongsari
Thailand | Bobby Ertanto
Rudy Heryanto
Indonesia |
| | | | Ong Ewe Chye
Rahman Sidek
Malaysia |
| Women's doubles
 | Rosiana Tendean
Verawaty Fadjrin
Indonesia | Yanti Kusmiati
Erma Sulistianingsih
Indonesia | Ladawan Mulasartsatorn
Piyathip Sansaniyakulvilai
Thailand |
| | | | Phanwad Jinasuyanont
Amporn Kaipituk
Thailand |
| Mixed doubles
 | Eddy Hartono
Verawaty Fadjrin
Indonesia | Richard Mainaky
Yanti Kusmiati
Indonesia | Sawei Chanseorasmee
Amporn Kaipituk
Thailand |
| | | | Surachai Makkasasithorn
Sasithorn Maneeratanaporn
Thailand |
|  | | | |
| Men's team
 | Indonesia
Bobby Ertanto
Eddy Hartono
Rudy Heryanto
Eddy Kurniawan
Alan Budikusuma
Liem Swie King
Icuk Sugiarto
Richard Mainaky | Malaysia
Cheah Soon Kit
Foo Kok Keong
Kwan Yoke Meng
Ong Ewe Chye
Misbun Sidek
Rahman Sidek
Rashid Sidek
Wong Tat Meng | Thailand
Sawei Chanseorasmee
Sompol Kukasemkij
Surachai Makkasasithorn
Komachan Promsarin
Siripong Siripool
Sakrapee Thongsari
Kasemsak Chatujinda |
| | | | Philippines
Jessie Alonzo
Salvador Banquiles
Antonio Mance Jr.
Anthony Ave |
| Women's team
 | Indonesia
Yanti Kusmiati
Elizabeth Latief
Erma Sulistianingsih
Susi Susanti
Sarwendah Kusumawardhani
Lilik Sudarwati
Rosiana Tendean
Verawaty Fadjrin | Thailand
Ladawan Mulasartsatorn
Piyathip Sansaniyakulvilai
Somharuthai Jaroensiri
Sasithorn Maneeratanaporn
Amporn Kaipituk
Phanwad Jinasuyanont
Vilailak Sattayapun | Malaysia
Leong Chai Lean
Kok Chan Fong
Tan Mei Chuan
Tan Sui Hoon
Lim Siew Choon |

## Results

### Men's singles

|  | Semifinal | | | | |  |  | Final | | | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | **Icuk Sugiarto** | | **15** | **15** |  |  |  | | | | | | |
|  | || | | | |
|  | Foo Kok Keong | | 6 | 4 |  |  | |
|  | |  | | | | | **Icuk Sugiarto** | | **15** | 0 | **15** |  |
|  | | |  | | | | | | | | |  |
|  | |  |  | Eddy Kurniawan | | 13 | **15** | 9 |  |
|  | Misbun Sidek | | | | | | | | 5 | 8 |  |  |
|  | |  | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | **Eddy Kurniawan** | | **15** | **15** |  |  |

### Women's singles

|  | Semifinal | | | | |  |  | Final | | | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | **Elizabeth Latief** | | **11** | **11** |  |  |  | | | | | | |
|  | || | | | |
|  | Somharuthai Jaroensiri | | 8 | 8 |  |  | |
|  | |  | | | | | **Elizabeth Latief** | | **11** | **11** |  |  |
|  | | |  | | | | | | | | |  |
|  | |  |  | Susi Susanti | | 5 | 9 |  |  |
|  | Ladawan Mulasartsatorn | | | | | | | | 3 | 4 |  |  |
|  | |  | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | **Susi Susanti** | | **11** | **11** |  |  |

### Men's doubles

|  | Semi-finals | | | | |  |  | Final | | | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | **Liem Swie King
Eddy Hartono** | | **18** | **15** |  |  |  | | | | | | |
|  | || | | | |
|  | Rahman Sidek
Ong Ewe Chye | | 15 | 4 |  |  | |
|  | |  | | | | | **Liem Swie King
Eddy Hartono** | | **17** | **15** |  |  |
|  | | |  | | | | | | | | |  |
|  | |  |  | Sawei Chanseorasmee
Sakrapee Thongsari | | 14 | 9 |  |  |
|  | **Sawei Chanseorasmee
Sakrapee Thongsari** | | | | | | | | **15** | **15** |  |  |
|  | |  | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | Rudy Heryanto
Bobby Ertanto | | 13 | 7 |  |  |

### Women's doubles

|  | Semi-finals | | | | |  |  | Final | | | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | **Verawaty Fadjrin
Rosiana Tendean** | | **15** | **15** |  |  |  | | | | | | |
|  | || | | | |
|  | Ladawan Mulasartsatorn
Piyathip Sansaniyakulvilai | | 7 | 2 |  |  | |
|  | |  | | | | | **Verawaty Fadjrin
Rosiana Tendean** | | **17** | 15 | **15** |  |
|  | | |  | | | | | | | | |  |
|  | |  |  | Yanti Kusmiati
Erma Sulistianingsih | | 14 | **17** | 10 |  |
|  | Amporn Kaipituk
Phanwad Jinasuyanont | | | | | | | | 2 | 5 |  |  |
|  | |  | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | **Yanti Kusmiati
Erma Sulistianingsih** | | **15** | **15** |  |  |

| Discipline | Winner | Finalist | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mixed doubles | Eddy Hartono
& Verawaty Fadjrin | Richard Mainaky
& Yanti Kusmiati | 15–9, 17–14 |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Indonesia (INA) | 7 | 4 | 1 | 12 |
| 2 | Thailand (THA) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 3 | Malaysia (MAS) | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 |
| 4 | Philippines (PHI) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (4 entries) | | 7 | 7 | 8 | 22 |

## InfoBox

| Badminton
at the 1987 SEA Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Venue | Kuningan Hall |
| Location | Jakarta, Indonesia |
| Dates | 10 – 19 September |
| Nations | 8 |
|


title: Elmer H. Salzman

abstract: Elmer Henry Salzman was a highly decorated officer in the United States Marine Corps with the rank of brigadier general. He is most noted for his work as chief of staff, 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing under Lieutenant General Francis P. Mulcahy and later as chief of staff, Marine Air, West Coast under same commander. Salzman won Navy Cross, the United States military's second-highest decoration awarded for valor in combat, while in Nicaragua with 2nd Marine Brigade.

text:
# Elmer H. Salzman

**Elmer Henry Salzman** (June 12, 1902 – September 24, 1958) was a highly decorated officer in the United States Marine Corps with the rank of brigadier general. He is most noted for his work as chief of staff, 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing under Lieutenant General Francis P. Mulcahy and later as chief of staff, Marine Air, West Coast under same commander. Salzman won Navy Cross, the United States military's second-highest decoration awarded for valor in combat, while in Nicaragua with 2nd Marine Brigade.

## Early years

Salzman was born on June 12, 1902, in Louis Corners, Wisconsin, and attended elementary school there. He graduated from Kiel High School in 1920, about five miles west of Louis Corners. He then received an appointment to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, in 1922. During his years at the academy, Salzman competed in track and finally graduated on June 3, 1926. Many of his classmates were later promoted to the general officer ranks: Edward W. Snedeker, Thomas A. Wornham, Arthur H. Butler, Roy M. Gulick, Russell N. Jordahl, Nels H. Nelson, Kenneth W. Benner, Hartnoll J. Withers, James S. Russell, Laurence H. Frost, C. Wade McClusky, Robert B. Pirie, Charles L. Carpenter, Tom Hamilton or Henry C. Bruton.

Following his commissioning as second lieutenant in the Marine Corps, Salzman was attached to the 2nd Marine Brigade under Brigadier General Logan Feland and ordered for his first expeditionary duty to Nicaragua. Marines were ordered to Nicaragua to support the *Guardia Nacional* in the fight with rebel bandits under Augusto César Sandino.

Salzman led a patrol in the vicinity of village Zapote in Nueva Segovia Department on September 28, 1928. They ambushed a superior bandit force under the command of General Carlos Salgado and subsequently defeated them. Salzman received the Navy Cross for his courage, skill and leadership during that action. He also received Nicaraguan Presidential Medal of Merit with Diploma.

Upon his return to the States, Salzman applied for naval aviation training and after completion of his course at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida, he was designated Naval aviator in 1929. He was ordered to Haiti with Observation Squadron and later served with the same unit at Marine Air Station Quantico, Virginia. He then attended a postgraduate course in ordnance at the Naval Academy, and, following the graduation in 1937, Salzman served as commanding officer of the Marine detachment aboard the heavy cruiser USS *Indianapolis* until 1939.

## World War II

Salzman was appointed an instructor at United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, in 1939 and taught there for next two years. With the activation of Naval Air Station Quonset Point, he was ordered there in summer 1941 and assumed command of 13th Provisional Company as garrison unit.

Following the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor, Salzman was transferred to the staff of 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing under Major General Francis P. Mulcahy and appointed wing intelligence officer. He took part in the Guadalcanal Campaign and was appointed wing chief of staff in June 1943. Salzman was later commended by his work on Guadalcanal and received the Bronze Star Medal.

He reached the rank of colonel and continued as chief of staff of 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing during Solomon Islands campaign. He also simultaneously served as chief of staff, New Georgia Air Force and acting chief of staff, Marine Aircraft South Pacific. Salzman distinguished himself again and was decorated with Legion of Merit by Admiral William F. Halsey.

At the end of March 1944, Salzman was ordered back to the United States and after brief reunion with his wife and kids, he was appointed chief of staff, Marine Air, West Coast with headquarters in San Diego in May of that year.

Colonel Salzman was later transferred to the staff of III Marine Amphibious Corps under Lieutenant General Roy Geiger and appointed assistant chief of staff for military plans. Within this command, he took part in the Battle of Okinawa in April 1945 and received his second Legion of Merit. Salzman also worked on the plans for Army units during the campaign and received third Legion of Merit.

## Retirement

He retired in 1949 as a brigadier general to go to work for the Aerospace division of Minneapolis-Honeywell. In 1953 his son Kenneth Salzman graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy. Salzman died Sept. 24, 1958. His wife was the former Helen Maxwell Stevenson (originally from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). General Salzman is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

In 1928, Salzman received the Navy Cross for his actions during the Second Nicaraguan Campaign.

His award citation reads:

*The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Second Lieutenant Elmer Henry Salzman (MCSN: 0-4074), United States Marine Corps, for distinguished service in the line of his profession as commander of a patrol of the Second Brigade, U.S. Marine Corps, operating in the vicinity of Zapote, Nueva Segovia, Nicaragua on 28 September 1928. Second Lieutenant Salzman's command surprised a greatly superior bandit force under the command of General Salgado by a well planned attack on its rear which resulted in the rout of the bandits. The arrival of the Force of Second Lieutenant Salzman was particularly fortuitous as the bandits had another small patrol of Marines at a great disadvantage and it appeared that they must inevitably suffer a disastrous defeat. Although the bandits outnumbered the combined patrols more than two-to-one, Second Lieutenant Salzman displayed such courage, skill and leadership in conducting the engagement that the bandits were decisively defeated and the beleaguered patrol rescued from its perilous position.*   This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Marine Corps.

## InfoBox

| Elmer Henry Salzman | |
| --- | --- |
| Grave at Arlington National Cemetery | |
| Nickname(s) | "Salty" |
| Born | (1902-06-12)June 12, 1902
Louis Corners, Wisconsin, US |
| Died | September 24, 1958(1958-09-24) (aged 56)
Minneapolis, Minnesota, US |
| Buried | Arlington National Cemetery |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Service/branch | United States Marine Corps |
| Years of service | 1926–1949 |
| Rank | Brigadier General |
| Service number | 0-4074 |
| Commands | CoS, Marine Air, West Coast
CoS, 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing |
| Battles/wars | **Nicaraguan Campaign**
**Haitian Campaign**
**World War II** |
| Awards | Navy Cross
Legion of Merit (3)
Bronze Star Medal |


title: 1978 Uber Cup knockout stage

text:
# 1978 Uber Cup knockout stage

The knockout stage for the 1978 Uber Cup began on 13 May 1978 with the first round and ended on 20 May with the final tie.

## Qualified teams

The teams that won their zonal tie qualified for the final knockout stage.

| Group | Winners |
| --- | --- |
|  | New Zealand (hosts) |
|  | Indonesia |
|  | Japan |
|  | United States |
|  | Denmark |
|  | Australia |

## Bracket

## First round

### United States vs New Zealand

### Japan vs Australia

## Second round

### Indonesia vs United States

### Japan vs Denmark

## Challenge round

The final match saw Indonesia and Japan duel for a fourth consecutive time in the Uber Cup final, this time with Indonesia going all out to defend its title. Japan won the first singles when Saori Kondo of Japan, who reached the finals of the All England Open two months prior, defeated Indonesia's Ivana Lie 11–3, 11–3. Both teams were at 1–1 when Verawaty Wiharjo of Indonesia beat former All England champion Hiroe Yuki 11–3, 11–6. The third singles went Japan's way as Atsuko Tokuda won against Tjan So Gwan 11–5, 11–4 and gained Japan a 3–1 lead against their opponents.

Indonesia's title was in jeopardy when Imelda Wiguna and Verawaty Wiharjo trailed one game against Emiko Ueno and Yoshiko Yonekura. Wiguna and Wiharjo then came back to defeat their opponents in the next two sets, giving the team hope. The second doubles match saw Indonesia's Uber Cup reign come to an end as Regina Masli and Theresia Widiastuti lost 11–15, 12–15 to Mikiko Takada and Atsuko Tokuda. At 4–2, Japan regained the Uber Cup once again. Japan won the last doubles to finish the tie 5–2.

### Indonesia vs Japan


title: 1926–27 Rangers F.C. season

abstract: The 1926–27 season was the 53rd season of competitive football by Rangers.

text:
# 1926–27 Rangers F.C. season

The **1926–27** season was the 53rd season of competitive **football** by **Rangers**.

## Overview

## Results

All results are written with Rangers' score first.

### Scottish League Division One

| Date | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14 August 1926 | Dundee United | H | 2–0 | 20,000 |  |
| 17 August 1926 | Dunfermline Athletic | H | 2–0 | 16,000 |  |
| 21 August 1926 | Airdrieonians | A | 3–3 | 15,000 |  |
| 28 August 1926 | Partick Thistle | H | 2–1 | 22,000 |  |
| 4 September 1926 | St Johnstone | A | 1–2 | 5,000 |  |
| 11 September 1926 | Motherwell | H | 2–0 | 18,000 |  |
| 18 September 1926 | Heart of Midlothian | A | 2–0 | 32,000 |  |
| 25 September 1926 | Aberdeen | H | 3–2 | 23,000 |  |
| 2 October 1926 | St Mirren | A | 7–3 | 34,000 |  |
| 16 October 1926 | Queen's Park | H | 0–1 | 19,000 |  |
| 23 October 1926 | Morton | A | 8–2 | 4,000 |  |
| 6 November 1926 | Cowdenbeath | H | 4–1 | 10,000 |  |
| 13 November 1926 | Hibernian | A | 2–2 | 18,000 |  |
| 20 November 1926 | Falkirk | H | 2–1 | 20,000 |  |
| 27 November 1926 | Clyde | H | 6–0 | 10,000 |  |
| 4 December 1926 | Hamilton Academical | H | 1–4 | 10,000 |  |
| 11 December 1926 | Dundee | A | 1–1 | 18,000 |  |
| 18 December 1926 | Kilmarnock | A | 0–0 | 12,000 |  |
| 25 December 1926 | Dundee United | A | 0–2 | 15,000 |  |
| 1 January 1927 | Celtic | H | 2–1 | 63,000 |  |
| 3 January 1927 | Partick Thistle | A | 4–1 | 40,000 |  |
| 8 January 1927 | St Johnstone | H | 4–2 | 8,000 |  |
| 15 January 1927 | Motherwell | A | 4–1 | 32,000 |  |
| 29 January 1927 | Heart of Midlothian | H | 1–0 | 15,000 |  |
| 12 February 1927 | St Mirren | H | 4–0 | 20,000 |  |
| 16 February 1927 | Aberdeen | A | 2–2 | 16,000 |  |
| 23 February 1927 | Dunfermline Athletic | A | 3–1 | 8,000 |  |
| 1 March 1927 | Queen's Park | A | 2–1 | 18,000 |  |
| 12 March 1927 | Airdrieonians | H | 1–1 | 27,000 |  |
| 16 March 1927 | Morton | H | 2–1 | 8,000 |  |
| 23 March 1927 | Cowdenbeath | A | 0–1 | 3,000 |  |
| 29 March 1927 | Hibernian | H | 2–0 | 5,000 |  |
| 2 April 1927 | Falkirk | A | 3–3 | 6,000 |  |
| 9 April 1927 | Clyde | A | 0–0 | 20,000 |  |
| 16 April 1927 | Hamilton Academical | A | 1–1 | 10,000 |  |
| 18 April 1927 | Celtic | A | 1–0 | 35,000 |  |
| 23 April 1927 | Dundee | H | 0–0 | 12,000 |  |
| 30 April 1927 | Kilmarnock | H | 1–0 | 8,000 |  |

### Scottish Cup

| Date | Round | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 22 January 1927 | R1 | Leith Athletic | A | 4–1 | 14,130 |  |
| 5 February 1927 | R2 | St Mirren | H | 6–0 | 53,000 |  |
| 19 February 1927 | R3 | Hamilton Academical | H | 4–0 | 53,000 |  |
| 5 March 1927 | R4 | Falkirk | A | 2–2 | 20,233 |  |
| 9 March 1927 | R4 R | Falkirk | H | 0–1 | 80,000 |  |

## Appearances

## InfoBox

Rangers
| 1926–27 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Chairman | Joseph Buchanan |
| Manager | Bill Struth |
| Ground | Ibrox Park |
| Scottish League Division One | 1st<br>P38 W23 D10 L5 F85 A41 Pts56 |
| Scottish Cup | Round 4 |
|  | |