title: Andrés Vázquez (bullfighter)

abstract: Andrés Mazariegos Vázquez, known professionally as Andrés Vázquez "El Nono", was a Spanish bullfighter. Among his influences in tauromachy were Juan Belmonte, Domingo Ortega and Antonio Bienvenida. He was awarded the Order of Beneficence in 1975, and ten times he came out of the Great Gate at Las Ventas. He had great success fighting bulls from the Victorino ranch.

text:
# Andrés Vázquez (bullfighter)

**Andrés Mazariegos Vázquez** (Spanish: \[anˈdrez maθaˈɾjeɣoz ˈβaθkeθ\]; 25 July 1932 – 17 June 2022), known professionally as **Andrés Vázquez "El Nono"**, was a Spanish bullfighter. Among his influences in tauromachy were Juan Belmonte, Domingo Ortega and Antonio Bienvenida. He was awarded the Order of Beneficence in 1975, and ten times he came out of the Great Gate at Las Ventas. He had great success fighting bulls from the Victorino ranch.

## Bullfighting career

Vázquez made his début with horses on 18 July 1960 in Guijuelo. His career was fraught with the sorrow of a hard beginning in the bullfighting world. "The obstacles, the dust, the hardness of the bullfights without stabbing (by picadores) in those *capeas* marked a path in which, above the calamities, bullfighting was found." He forged himself as a bullfighter, glimpsing success at Las Ventas, which alternated with some very hard beginnings marked by economic hardship and a goring in the leg that almost crippled him.

After much effort on Vázquez's part, and after financial hardships, he took the alternativa. He received it from *maestro* Gregorio Sánchez on 19 May 1962 with Mondeño (Juan García Jiménez) standing as witness, and with bulls supplied by Benítez Cubero. He came out through the Great Gate at Las Ventas on two occasions: one in 1962 and the other in 1966. Among his personal friends were Orson Welles and fellow bullfighter Antonio Ordóñez Araujo, who was his neighbour on the Calle Serrano in Madrid. On several occasions, Vázquez took the director to his hometown, Villalpando, in the province of Zamora. The documentary *Orson Welles in Spain* (1963) by Albert and David Maysles is about how Welles speaks to potential investors in a project to make a film about the bullfighting world that would star a bullfighter inspired by Vázquez. Vázquez himself took part in José María Forqué's film *Yo he visto a la muerte* ("I Have Seen Death"; 1967), which starred Luis Miguel Dominguín and Antonio Bienvenida, and in which, besides playing himself, "El Nono", as he was known from the *capeas*, he also appeared indulging in his other great passion: Flamenco.

On 7 October 1967, Vázquez became one of the last bullfighters to appear at A Coruña's old bullring, the other two on the bill for the charitable bullfights that day being Joaquín Bernadó and Juan García Jiménez ("Mondeño"). The bulls were supplied by Carmen González Ordóñez. A Coruña did not have another bullfighting venue until 1991.

The most significant years of Vázquez's bullfighting life were bound with the birth of Victorino Martín Andrés's bull ranch, and a highlight of which was his bullfight on 10 August 1969, in which he was substituting for Antoñete, when he cut both ears from the famous bull *Baratero*, which heightened his status as a bullfighter. It led to his third trip in his career out through the Great Gate.

> I still dream about 'Baratero' and I imagine that his owner does too, because that was his true takeoff. Then, at the next Saint Isidore's Fair, I locked myself in, alone with six copies of the same brand and cut a further two ears off *Violeto*, another extraordinary bull. From that instant, I formed with Victorino a perfect duo. I slew his bulls through many seasons and he gave me satisfaction, fame, money; also a goring, which was in Salamanca in a bullfighting contest that I fought with Paco Camino and Juan José.
>
> *La Cuna del Saber: «Baratero», el toro de Victorino que encumbró al maestro Andrés Vázquez.* Interview with Andrés Vázquez, author Paco Cañamero. 16 March 2021

On 3 May 1970 at Las Ventas, Vázquez shut himself in with six bulls from Victorino Martín's ranch – the first in history to do so – marking a milestone that put him among the bullfighters who drew the aficionados' greatest interest, because he combined both the classic bullfighter's qualities and the fighting power with the most difficult bulls. Vázquez again went out through the bullring's Great Gate in 1970, three times, a merit that he shares with Paquirri (1969), Luguillano, and Carnicerito de Úbeda (1967). He was a model of sobriety with flashes of grace. Besides his *media verónica*, he bore a powerful left, a tempered right, and an orthodox sword, techniques of a now vanished breed of bullfighter, but which in essence Vázquez still embodies. He had further trips out through the Great Gate in 1971, 1974, and 1977.

In 1975, he was awarded the Order of Beneficence.

Sculptor Luis Sanguino has made a bronze bust of Vázquez which can be seen at the *Museo Taurino de Madrid* (a bullfighting museum) at the Las Ventas bullring in Madrid.

## Later life and death

In 2012, Vázquez celebrated his eightieth birthday with a bullfight at the Zamora bullring, where he fought a yearling bull from the Victorino ranch, cutting both his ears and his tail off as trophies, and thus also becoming the first octogenarian to accomplish this feat. He appeared in Juan Figueroa's film *Sobrenatural* (2016; it was released under the name *Supernatural* in English).

Vázquez lived in Villalpando, his birthplace, until his death. He died on 17 June 2022 at the Benavente Hospital in the province of Zamora after having been admitted two months earlier for a heart attack.

## Bibliography

* Agapito Modroño Alonso, *Andres Vazquez. Memorias de Un Torero*, 2002. Edited by Modroño Alonso, Agapito. (in Spanish)
* Pedro M. Azofra,*Toreros que aplaudió la mayoría: Manolete, El Litri, Chamaco, Andrés Vázquez*, 1986, Graf.Pevisa) (in Spanish)

## InfoBox

Andrés Vázquez
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Andrés Mazariegos Vázquez |
| Nickname | El Nono |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Born | (1932-07-25)25 July 1932
Villalpando, Zamora, Spain |
| Died | 17 June 2022(2022-06-17) (aged 89)
Benavente, Zamora, Spain |
| Resting place | Villalpando, Zamora, Spain |
| Home town | Villalpando, Zamora, Spain |
| Occupation | Bullfighter |
| Years active | 1960–1982, 2012 |
| Other interests | Flamenco |


abstract: The 1991–92 Southwest Missouri State Lady Bears basketball team represented Southwest Missouri State University during the 1991–92 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Lady Bears, led by fifth-year head coach Cheryl Burnett, played their home games at Hammons Student Center and were members of the Gateway Collegiate Athletic Conference. They finished the season 31–3 and 17–1 in conference play to win the regular season title. As the top seed in the conference tournament, they defeated Bradley in the semifinals of Southern Illinois in the championship game. They received an automatic bid to the NCAA tournament and, despite being the No. 10 ranked team in the country, were assigned the No. 8 seed in the Midwest region. They defeated No. 9 seed Kansas, No. 1 seed Iowa, No. 5 seed UCLA, and No. 2 seed Ole Miss to reach the first Final Four in program history. The Lady Bears were defeated by Western Kentucky in the National semifinals. As part of their 21-game winning streak, Southwest Missouri State spent the final thirteen weeks of the season ranked in both major polls. The team was ranked in the top 10 for the final month, and had a final ranking in the Coach's poll of No. 4.

text:
# 1991–92 Southwest Missouri State Lady Bears basketball team

1991–92 Gateway Collegiate Athletic Conference women's basketball standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | PCT |  |  | W |  | L |  | PCT |
| No. 10 SW Missouri State | 17 |  | 1 |  | .944 |  |  | 31 |  | 3 |  | .912 |
| Southern Illinois | 14 |  | 4 |  | .778 |  |  | 23 |  | 8 |  | .742 |
| Bradley | 11 |  | 7 |  | .611 |  |  | 17 |  | 11 |  | .607 |
| Illinois State | 11 |  | 7 |  | .611 |  |  | 14 |  | 14 |  | .500 |
| Wichita State | 10 |  | 8 |  | .556 |  |  | 13 |  | 16 |  | .448 |
| Drake | 7 |  | 11 |  | .389 |  |  | 11 |  | 15 |  | .423 |
| Indiana State | 7 |  | 11 |  | .389 |  |  | 10 |  | 17 |  | .370 |
| Western Illinois | 5 |  | 13 |  | .278 |  |  | 9 |  | 18 |  | .333 |
| Eastern Illinois | 4 |  | 14 |  | .222 |  |  | 8 |  | 19 |  | .296 |
| Northern Iowa | 3 |  | 15 |  | .167 |  |  | 4 |  | 23 |  | .148 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1992 GCAC tournament winner
Rankings from AP Poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1991–92 Southwest Missouri State Lady Bears basketball team** represented Southwest Missouri State University during the 1991–92 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Lady Bears, led by fifth-year head coach Cheryl Burnett, played their home games at Hammons Student Center and were members of the Gateway Collegiate Athletic Conference.

They finished the season 31–3 and 17–1 in conference play to win the regular season title. As the top seed in the conference tournament, they defeated Bradley in the semifinals of Southern Illinois in the championship game. They received an automatic bid to the NCAA tournament and, despite being the No. 10 ranked team in the country, were assigned the No. 8 seed in the Midwest region. They defeated No. 9 seed Kansas, No. 1 seed Iowa, No. 5 seed UCLA, and No. 2 seed Ole Miss to reach the first Final Four in program history. The Lady Bears were defeated by Western Kentucky in the National semifinals.

As part of their 21-game winning streak (part of 31 wins in a 32-game span), Southwest Missouri State spent the final thirteen weeks of the season ranked in both major polls. The team was ranked in the top 10 for the final month, and had a final ranking in the Coach's poll of No. 4.

## Roster

| 1991–92 Missouri State Bears women's basketball team | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| Pos. # Name Height Year Previous school Hometown  10 Amy Nelson **(C)** 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) Sr Edwardsville Edwardsville, Illinois  G/F 15 Charity Shira 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) Sr Fair Grove
Rice Fair Grove, Missouri  22 Karen Rapier **(C)** 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) Sr Jefferson City Jefferson City, Missouri  G/F 23 Secelia Winkfield 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) Jr Blue Springs Blue Springs, Missouri  30 Tina Robbins 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) So Joplin Duenweg, Missouri  32 Julie Howard 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) Fr Marshfield Marshfield, Missouri  34 Heidi Muller 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) Sr Clarinda Clarinda, Iowa  35 Melody Howard 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) So Marshfield Marshfield, Missouri  F/C  Tonya Baucom 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) Jr Pleasanton Pleasanton, Kansas  Angenette Sumrall 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) Fr Lincoln East St. Louis, Illinois  54 Chrissy Ediger 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) Fr Aurora Aurora, Missouri | Head coach Assistant coach(es)* Marla Douglass * Jim Middleton * Lynette Robinson  ---  Legend* **(C)** Team captain * **(S)** Suspended * **(I)** Ineligible * **(W)** Walk-on  ---  Roster |

## Schedule

Source:

| Date
time, TV | Rank# | Opponent# | Result | Record | Site (attendance)
city, state |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Exhibition | | | | | |
| November 11, 1991*
 |  | German National | **W** 78–68 |
 | Hammons Student Center
Springfield, Missouri |
| November 15, 1991*
 |  | Athletes in Action | **L** 75–82 |
 | Hammons Student Center
Springfield, Missouri |
| Non-conference regular season | | | | | |
| November 23, 1991*
 |  | at No. 12 Texas | **L** 64–76 | 0–1
 | Frank Erwin Center
Austin, Texas |
| November 29, 1991*
 |  | Idaho State
*St. John’s/Quality Inn Classic* | **W** 92–45 | 1–1
 | Hammons Student Center
Springfield, Missouri |
| November 30, 1991*
 |  | Texas A&M
*St. John’s/Quality Inn Classic* | **W** 83–78 | 2–1
 | Hammons Student Center
Springfield, Missouri |
| December 3, 1991*
 |  | Iowa State | **W** 77–43 | 3–1
 | Hammons Student Center
Springfield, Missouri |
| December 11, 1991*
 |  | at Kansas State | **W** 66–49 | 4–1
 | Bramlage Coliseum
Manhattan, Kansas |
| December 13, 1991*
 |  | Idaho | **W** 97–46 | 5–1
 | Hammons Student Center
Springfield, Missouri |
| December 20, 1991*
 | No. 25 | at UNLV
*UNLV Showboat Shootout* | **W** 80–77 | 6–1
 | Thomas & Mack Center
Las Vegas, Nevada |
| December 21, 1991*
 | No. 25 | vs. Pepperdine
*UNLV Showboat Shootout* | **W** 75–58 | 7–1
 | Thomas & Mack Center
Las Vegas, Nevada |
| December 30, 1991*
 | No. 24 | at No. 25 Arkansas | **W** 67–52 | 8–1
 | Barnhill Arena
Fayetteville, Arkansas |
| Conference regular season | | | | | |
| January 2, 1992
 | No. 24 | Eastern Illinois | **W** 80–32 | 9–1
(1–0) | Hammons Student Center
Springfield, Missouri |
| January 4, 1992
 | No. 24 | Southern Illinois | **W** 90–63 | 10–1
(2–0) | Hammons Student Center (9,108)
Springfield, Missouri |
| January 9, 1992
 | No. 20 | at Illinois State | **L** 73–79 | 10–2
(2–1) | Redbird Arena
Normal, Illinois |
| January 11, 1992
 | No. 20 | at Indiana State | **W** 77–53 | 11–2
(3–1) | Hulman Center
Terre Haute, Indiana |
| January 15, 1992
 | No. 23 | Bradley | **W** 65–33 | 12–2
(4–1) | Hammons Student Center
Springfield, Missouri |
| January 18, 1992
 | No. 23 | Western Illinois | **W** 97–74 | 13–2
(5–1) | Hammons Student Center
Springfield, Missouri |
| January 25, 1992
 | No. 19 | Wichita State | **W** 98–64 | 14–2
(6–1) | Hammons Student Center
Springfield, Missouri |
| January 30, 1992
 | No. 18 | at Drake | **W** 64–60 | 15–2
(7–1) | Veterans Memorial Auditorium
Des Moines, Iowa |
| February 1, 1992
 | No. 18 | at Northern Iowa | **W** 89–44 | 16–2
(8–1) | UNI-Dome
Cedar Falls, Iowa |
| February 6, 1992
 | No. 16 | Indiana State | **W** 91–57 | 17–2
(9–1) | Hammons Student Center
Springfield, Missouri |
| February 8, 1992
 | No. 16 | Illinois State | **W** 67–47 | 18–2
(10–1) | Hammons Student Center
Springfield, Missouri |
| February 13, 1992
 | No. 12 | at Western Illinois | **W** 109–45 | 19–2
(11–1) | Western Hall
Macomb, Illinois |
| February 15, 1992
 | No. 12 | at Bradley | **W** 92–63 | 20–2
(12–1) | Robertson Memorial Field House
Peoria, Illinois |
| February 22, 1992
 | No. 12 | Wichita State | **W** 84–53 | 21–2
(13–1) | Hammons Student Center
Springfield, Missouri |
| February 27, 1992
 | No. 10 | Northern Iowa | **W** 86–45 | 22–2
(14–1) | Hammons Student Center
Springfield, Missouri |
| February 29, 1992
 | No. 10 | Drake | **W** 77–60 | 23–2
(15–1) | Hammons Student Center
Springfield, Missouri |
| March 5, 1992
 | No. 10 | at Southern Illinois | **W** 73–63 | 24–2
(16–1) | SIU Arena
Carbondale, Illinois |
| March 7, 1992
 | No. 10 | at Eastern Illinois | **W** 73–61 | 25–2
(17–1) | Lantz Arena
Charleston, Illinois |
| GCAC tournament | | | | | |
| March 11, 1992*
 | (1)  No. 10 | (4) Bradley
*Semifinal* | **W** 88–59 | 26–2
 | Hammons Student Center
Springfield, Missouri |
| March 14, 1992*
 | (1)  No. 10 | (2) Southern Illinois
*Championship game* | **W** 86–69 | 27–2
 | Hammons Student Center
Springfield, Missouri |
| NCAA tournament | | | | | |
| March 18, 1992*
 | (8 MW)  No. 10 | (9 NW) No. 17 Kansas
*First round* | **W** 75–59 | 28–2
 | Hammons Student Center (7,652)
Springfield, Missouri |
| Mar 22, 1992*
 | (8 MW)  No. 10 | at (1 MW) No. 7 Iowa
*Second round* | **W** 61–60 OT | 29–2
 | Carver-Hawkeye Arena (8,693)
Iowa City, Iowa |
| Mar 26, 1992*
 | (8 MW)  No. 10 | vs. (5 MW) UCLA
*Regional Semifinal – Elite Eight* | **W** 83–57 | 30–2
 | Coors Events/Conference Center (3,532)
Boulder, Colorado |
| Mar 28, 1992*
 | (8 MW)  No. 10 | vs. (2 MW) No. 5 Ole Miss
*Regional final – Elite Eight* | **W** 94–71 | 31–2
 | Coors Events/Conference Center (3,566)
Boulder, Colorado |
| April 4, 1992*
 | (8 MW)  No. 10 | vs. (4 ME) No. 15 Western Kentucky
*National semifinal – Final Four* | **L** 72–84 | 31–3
 | Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena (12,421)
Los Angeles California |
| *Non-conference game. #Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses.
MW=Midwest.
All times are in Central Time. | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Rankings

## InfoBox

| 1991–92 Southwest Missouri State Lady Bears basketball | |
| --- | --- |
| Gateway regular season and tournament champions | |
| NCAA tournament, Final Four | |
| Conference | Gateway Collegiate Athletic Conference |
| Ranking | |
| Coaches | No. 4 |
| AP | No. 10 |
| Record | 31–3 (17–1 GCAC) |
| Head coach |  |
| Assistant coaches | * Marla Douglass * Jim Middleton * Lynette Robinson |
| Home arena | Hammons Student Center |
|


title: 1887 AAA Championships

abstract: The 1887 AAA Championships was an outdoor track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association (AAA), held on Saturday 2 July 1887 at Stourbridge Cricket Ground, Stourbridge, England. The 14 events were the same number and disciplines as in the previous year.

text:
# 1887 AAA Championships

The **1887 AAA Championships** was an outdoor track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association (AAA), held on Saturday 2 July 1887 at Stourbridge Cricket Ground, Stourbridge, England.

The 14 events were the same number and disciplines as in the previous year.

## Results

| Event | Gold | | Silver | | Bronze | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 100 yards | Arthur Wharton | 10.1 | Charles Wood | ½ yd | Herbert Fletcher | 10.37 |
| 440 yards | Charles Wood | 51.0 | Alfred Le Maitre | 7 yd | Alfred Hind | 5 yd |
| 880 yards | Francis Cross | 1.59.0 | Alfred Le Maitre | 3½ yd | only 2 finished |
| 1 mile | Francis Cross | 4.25.4 | James Kibblewhite | 2 yd | F. Mills | 10 yd |
| 4 miles | Edward Carter | 21.10.0 | F. Mills | 21.33.6 | only 2 finished |
| 10 miles | Edward Carter | 55.09.0 | A. Houlding | 57.01.0 | Sidney Thomas | 57.37.0 |
| steeplechase | M.A. Harrison | 12.08.4 | E. Wall | 120-220 yd | only 2 competed |
| 120yd hurdles | John Le Fleming | 16.2 | Sherard Joyce | 1¼ yd | Arthur Gould | ¾ yd |
| 7 miles walk | Christopher Clarke | 56.59.8 | Edward Lange | 57.00.0 | J.R. Lewis | 57.52.5 |
| high jump | George Rowdon &  William Page | 1.829 | not awarded |  | Francis Fogg | 1.753 |
| pole vault | Tom Ray | 3.38 | F.G.F. Thompson | 3.05 | T. Stanley Green | 2.89 |
| long jump | Francis Roberts | 6.81 | John Purcell | 6.63 | only 2 competed |
| shot put | James Mitchel | 11.92 | F.G.F. Thompson | 11.21 | Tom Stone | 11.00 |
| hammer throw | James Mitchel | 37.80 | F.G.F. Thompson | 23.78 | only 2 competed |

## InfoBox

| 1887 AAA Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 2 July 1887 |
| Host city | Stourbridge, England |
| Venue | Stourbridge Cricket Ground |
| Level | Senior |
| Type | Outdoor |
| Events | 14 |
| 1886 1888  <br>---  AAA Championships | |


abstract: The 1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final was a hurling match that was played at Birr Sportsfield, Birr on 1 April 1888 to determine the winners of the 1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the first season of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, a tournament organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for inter-county hurling teams in Ireland. The final was contested by club representatives Thurles Blues of Tipperary and Meelick of Galway, with Tipperary winning by 1–1 to 0–00. Thurles/Tipperary wore green and gold, while Meelick/Galway were in blue and white. Patrick White, a native of Blakefield, Toomevara and the first secretary of Offaly County G.A.A. Board. was the referee. Tipperary's clash with Galway proved to be their toughest championship test yet. At a crucial stage in the second-half team captain Jim Stapleton led a charge down the field. Spotting a free player he passed the sliotar to Tom Healy who went on to score the first goal in an All-Ireland final. Tipperary's All-Ireland victory was their first in what would be a remarkable record of securing an All-Ireland title in every decade. Tipperary also held a record of never losing an All Ireland Final from 1887 to 1909.

text:
# 1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final

The **1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final** was a hurling match that was played at Birr Sportsfield, Birr on 1 April 1888 to determine the winners of the 1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, the first season of the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, a tournament organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for inter-county hurling teams in Ireland. The final was contested by club representatives Thurles Blues of Tipperary and Meelick of Galway, with Tipperary winning by 1–1 (and a forfeit point) to 0–00.

Thurles/Tipperary wore green and gold, while Meelick/Galway were in blue and white.

Patrick White, a native of Blakefield, Toomevara and the first secretary of Offaly County G.A.A. Board. was the referee.

Tipperary's clash with Galway proved to be their toughest championship test yet. At a crucial stage in the second-half team captain Jim Stapleton led a charge down the field. Spotting a free player he passed the sliotar to Tom Healy who went on to score the first goal in an All-Ireland final.

Tipperary's All-Ireland victory was their first in what would be a remarkable record of securing an All-Ireland title in every decade. Tipperary also held a record of never losing an All Ireland Final from 1887 to 1909.

## Match

### Details

| Tipperary | 1-1 (1)  0-0 (0) | Galway |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Birr Sportsfield, BirrAttendance: c. 5,000Referee: Patrick J White (Offaly)

## InfoBox

1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Final
| Event | 1887 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Date | 1 April 1888 |
| Venue | Birr Sportsfield, Birr |
| Referee | Pauric White (Offaly) |
| Attendance | c. 3,000 |
|


title: 1986 Turkish parliamentary by-elections

abstract: The Turkish parliamentary by-elections of 1986 were held on 28 September 1986 in order to elect 11 Members of Parliament to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The by-elections were held as a result of the vacation of 11 seats throughout the course of the 17th parliament. They took place in eleven different electoral districts, spanning ten provinces. The governing Motherland Party (ANAP) won the most votes, winning 32.1% of the vote and 6 of the 11 seats up for election. The newly formed True Path Party (DYP) led by Hüsamettin Cindoruk came second with 23.5% and won 4 seats. Since ANAP and the DYP were both centre-right parties, their campaigns caused a vote split, which resulted in a reduction in the popular vote of the ANAP since the 1983 general election. The Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP) came third with 22.7% and won the remaining seat, with the party's leader Erdal İnönü becoming an MP for İzmir. All provinces elected a single MP apart from Manisa, where two MPs were elected. In addition to İnönü, the leader of the DYP Hüsamettin Cindoruk was also elected as an MP for Zonguldak. The by-elections were followed by the 1987 general election just over a year later.

text:
# 1986 Turkish parliamentary by-elections

The **Turkish parliamentary by-elections of 1986** were held on 28 September 1986 in order to elect 11 Members of Parliament to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The by-elections were held as a result of the vacation of 11 seats throughout the course of the 17th parliament. They took place in eleven different electoral districts, spanning ten provinces.

The governing Motherland Party (ANAP) won the most votes, winning 32.1% of the vote and 6 of the 11 seats up for election. The newly formed True Path Party (DYP) led by Hüsamettin Cindoruk came second with 23.5% and won 4 seats. Since ANAP and the DYP were both centre-right parties, their campaigns caused a vote split, which resulted in a reduction in the popular vote of the ANAP since the 1983 general election. The Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP) came third with 22.7% and won the remaining seat, with the party's leader Erdal İnönü becoming an MP for İzmir. All provinces elected a single MP apart from Manisa, where two MPs were elected. In addition to İnönü, the leader of the DYP Hüsamettin Cindoruk was also elected as an MP for Zonguldak.

The by-elections were followed by the 1987 general election just over a year later.

## Results

| Party | | Votes | % | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Motherland Party | 805,267 | 32.12 | 6 |
|  | True Path Party | 590,069 | 23.53 | 4 |
|  | Social Democratic Populist Party | 570,055 | 22.74 | 1 |
|  | Democratic Left Party | 213,168 | 8.50 | 0 |
|  | Welfare Party | 137,485 | 5.48 | 0 |
|  | Nationalist Workers Party | 55,144 | 2.20 | 0 |
|  | Free Democratic Party | 34,317 | 1.37 | 0 |
|  | Great Nation Party | 32,303 | 1.29 | 0 |
|  | Citizen Party | 25,814 | 1.03 | 0 |
|  | Reformist Democracy Party | 15,729 | 0.63 | 0 |
|  | Great Anatolia Party | 13,497 | 0.54 | 0 |
|  | Flag Party | 9,058 | 0.36 | 0 |
|  | Independents | 5,306 | 0.21 | 0 |
| Total | | 2,507,212 | 100.00 | 11 |
|  | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 2,507,212 | 96.70 |  |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 85,540 | 3.30 |  |
| Total votes | | 2,592,752 | 100.00 |  |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 2,937,432 | 88.27 |  |
| Source: Samanyolu Haber | | | | |

### Members elected

| Electoral district | Candidate | | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ankara |  | Vahit Melih Halefoğlu | Motherland Party |
| Bingöl |  | Mahmut Sönmez | Motherland Party |
| Burdur |  | Sait Ekinci | Motherland Party |
| Gaziantep |  | Hasan Celal Güzel | Motherland Party |
| İstanbul |  | Hüsnü Doğan | Motherland Party |
| İzmir |  | Erdal İnönü | Social Democratic Populist Party |
| Manisa |  | Ümit Canuyar | True Path Party |
| |  | Sümer Oral | True Path Party |
| Niğde |  | Akın Gönen | Motherland Party |
| Samsun |  | Hüsamettin Cindoruk | True Path Party |
| Zonguldak |  | Köksal Toptan | True Path Party |

## InfoBox

1986 Turkish parliamentary by-elections
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  11 of the 400 seats in the Grand National Assembly | |
| Turnout | 88.27% |
| First party Second party Third party   Leader **Turgut Özal** Hüsamettin Cindoruk Erdal İnönü  Party ANAP DYP SHP  Leader since 20 May 1983 14 May 1985 30 May 1986  Seats won **6** 4 1  Popular vote **805,267** 590,069 570,055  Percentage **32.12%** 23.53% 22.74% | |
| ---  By-election results by province. Grey provinces indicate no election | |


title: Empathy and Prostitution

abstract: Empathy and Prostitution is a conceptual and performative work of critical and biographical content by artist Abel Azcona. Azcona was inspired by his biological mother, a prostitute, and sought to empathise with her and with the moment of his own conception. Azcona offered himself naked to the galleries' visitors on a bed with white sheets, so that they could exchange intimacy or have sexual relations with him.

text:
# Empathy and Prostitution

***Empathy and Prostitution*** is a conceptual and performative work of critical and biographical content by artist Abel Azcona. Azcona was inspired by his biological mother, a prostitute, and sought to empathise with her and with the moment of his own conception. Azcona offered himself naked to the galleries' visitors on a bed with white sheets, so that they could exchange intimacy or have sexual relations with him.

## Location

It was created and first performed in the *Santa Fe Gallery*, Bogota in February 2013. The work had a second performance at the *Factoría de Arte y Desarrollo*, an artistic space in Madrid, in November 2013, and there was a third performance at the *Houston International Performance Biennial*, in February 2014.

## Exhibitions

Photographs, drawings and documentation of the work were part of the *Art Is Hope* charity exhibitions in Paris and *Pride* in New York. The former exhibiting in museums such as Palais de Tokyo and the Perrotin Gallery, and also displayed at the Piasa auction house in Paris. The New York exhibition and auction at *Paddle8* promoted sexual diversity and featured artists such as Haring, Bourgeois, Goldin, Mapplethorpe, Warhol or Azcona himself. In 2017 there were also exhibitions in museums such as the *Tulla Center* in the Albanian capital Tirana. *The Juan Gallery* in Madrid, which specializes in performance art, included this work in a retrospective exhibition, *The Extinction of Desire*, which focused on works with sexual themes.

## Evolution

Following on with the same concepts as *Empathy and Prostitution*, the inaugural 2014 *Queer New York Arts Festival* was opened with a work by Azcona entitled *Someone Else*. In this, physical or even sexual contact with the artist was required to enter the venue of the event, which was held at Grace Exhibition Space and the Leslie-Lohman Museum of Art in New York City. This work was chosen by critic Hrag Vartanian as one of the top ten of the year in New York City. At the end of 2014 and the early part of 2015, Azcona explored the processual work *La Calle* ("the street") this time in the *Santa Fe* neighborhood of Bogota, where he prostitutes himself on the streets. In this new work, he explored a change towards the figure of his mother, taking hormones and engaging in prostitution. The process continued in the cities of Madrid and Mexico City. The performance emerged, as with the rest of his sex-themed works, as an exercise in empathy with his own biological mother. It was also a social critique, where the artist explored the limits of his body by repeating patterns of sexual abuse, which occurred in his own childhood and in the life of his mother. In 2016, Azcona activated his last piece in this series, *La Guerra* (*The War*), which premiered at the *Intramurs Festival* in Valencia, Spain, which was again inspired by prostitution, criticism and sexuality. On this occasion, Azcona offered his naked body, anesthetized by the use of narcotics, so that the visitor could use it freely.

## Bibliography

* Huerta, Ricard (2019). *Elementary Art*. Pedagogías Contemporáneas - UOC. ISBN 978-8491805526.
* Peñuela, Jorge (2017). *Anarchaegraphy of artistic thought* (in Spanish). UD Creaciones. ISBN 978-9585434172.
* Group FIDEX, Figures of excess and body policies (2018). *Technical-conceptual atlas of the Fidex research group: Micropolitics in contemporary research in Fine Arts* (in Spanish). Universitas Miguel Hernández. ISBN 978-8416024711.
* Moya Gómez, Carlos (2016). *A vision of gender through performance in today's Spain* (PDF) (in Spanish). Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
* Silva Gómez, Norma Ángelica (2018). *Abel Azcona: Of empathy as (im) possibility* (in Spanish). Colegio de Saberes de México.
* López Landabaso, Patricia (2017). *La performance como medio de expresión artística. Expresiones actuales en el País Vasco* (PDF) (in Spanish). Universidad del País Vasco.
* Cano Martínez, Maria Jesús (2018). *Escondido tras la piel: representaciones y afrontamientos del dolor y el sufrimiento desde el arte de acción* (in Spanish). Universidad de Granada. ISBN 9788491639541.
* Molina Ruiz, Irene (2016). *El autorretrato como canalizador del dolor* (in Spanish). University of Granada. ISBN 9788491258148.

## InfoBox

| Empathy and Prostitution | |
| --- | --- |
| Artist | Abel Azcona |
| Year | 2013 |
| Medium | Performance Art |
| Location | Bogota, Madrid, Houston |


title: 1953 Round Australia Trial

abstract: The 1953 Round Australia Trial, officially the Redex Trial was the inaugural running of the Round Australia Trial. The rally took place between 30 August and 13 September 1953. The event covered 10,460 kilometres around Australia. It was won by Ken Tubman and John Marshall, driving a Peugeot 203.

text:
# 1953 Round Australia Trial

The **1953 Round Australia Trial**, officially the **Redex Trial** was the inaugural running of the Round Australia Trial. The rally took place between 30 August and 13 September 1953. The event covered 10,460 kilometres around Australia. It was won by Ken Tubman and John Marshall, driving a Peugeot 203.

## Results

| Pos | No | Entrant | Drivers | Car | Penalties (Points) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 48 | Team Tubman and Marshall | Ken Tubman
John Marshall | Peugeot 203 | 19 |
| 2 | 191 | John McGrath Motors | Ken Robinson
Russell Lane
Anthony Peck | Humber Super Snipe Mark IV | 20 |
| 3 | 160 | D.H. Antill | Peter Antill
George Reed
Max Winkless | Plymouth 1952 Concord | 21 |
| 4 | 41 | Preston Motors Pty Ltd | Lex Davison
Peter Ward
Otto Stone | Holden 48-215 | 22 |
| 5 | 64 | Lloyd Davies | Lloyd Davies
Lisle Dunmore
Jack Cherry | Holden 48-215 | 23 |
| 6 | 91 | E.A. Nelson | Eric Nelson
Bill Burrows
S. Baker | Standard Vanguard Phase II | 23 |
| 7 | 51 | J.A. Masling | Jack Masling
Leo Hennessy
Don Baldry | Humber Super Snipe Mark II | 25 |
| 8 | 115 | David McKay | David McKay
Rex Marshall | Austin A40 Somerset | 28 |
| 9 | 46 | John McGrath Motors | Tom Sulman
John Hall
Jock Morgan | Humber Super Snipe Mark IV | 30 |
| 10 | 57 | W.T. Nunn | Bill Nunn
Leonard Voss
Ron Smyth | Mercury 1939 Eight | 30 |
| 11 | 145 | Footscray Motors | M. Gilbert
Laurie Oxenford | Standard Vanguard Phase II | 30 |
| 12 | 117 | Jack Jeffrey | Jack Jeffrey
Neil Smyth | Peugeot 203 | 33 |
| 13 | 5 | A.L. Kipling | 'Possum' Kipling
John Hughes | Holden 48-215 | 36 |
| 14 | 53 | J.P. Crouch | John Crouch
John Dowling
Jack Walker | Peugeot 203 | 37 |
| 15 | 28 | Neville Vale | Neville Vale
Spencer Vale | Mercedes-Benz 170 D | 42 |
| 16 | 13 | E.B. Perkins | Eddie Perkins
Lance Perkins | Rover 75 | 46 |
| 17 | 52 | T.H. Farrell | Tom Farrell
Frank Denlay
John Jones | Ford 1952 Customline | 50 |
| 18 | 122 | T.L. Quill | Tom Quill
Frank Campbell | Ford Consul | 61 |
| 19 | 85 | M.L. Arentz | Martin Arentz
Norman Bond
Ricky Smidt | Ford 1953 Customline | 86 |
| 20 | 114 | Preston Motors Pty Ltd | Charlie Dean
John Joyce
Lou Molina | Holden 48-215 | 88 |
| 21 | 93 | D.L. West | Des West
Lindsay West | Holden 48-215 | 91 |
| 22 | 150 | D.B. Williams | Doug Williams
Donald Bain | MG TD Midget | 96 |
| 23 | 175 | Team Brenchley and Brown | Colin Brenchley
Cliff Brown | Plymouth 1948 De Luxe | 108 |
| 24 | 113 | F.W. Hecker | Sam Hecker
Norm Hutchison
Norwood Warry | Holden 48-215 | 121 |
| 25 | 158 | A.F. Johnson | Fred Johnson
Ray Johnson | Chevrolet 1950 Deluxe | 125 |
| 26 | 167 | Preston Motors Pty Ltd | Stan Jones
Bill Patterson
Ern Seeliger | Holden 48-215 | 126 |
| 27 | 143 | Orrmans Service Station | Kenneth Orrman
Ian Mountain
Robert Orrman | Peugeot 203 | 127 |
| 28 | 129 | E.J. Lefoe | John Lefoe
Ellis Glover
Haugh Featherston | Standard Vanguard Phase II | 143 |
| 29 | 66 | M. & B. Distributors | Walter Luxton
Frank Lobb | Mercedes-Benz 170S | 146 |
| 30 | 21 | W.J. Locke | Jim Locke
Laurie Haysom
David Maclure | Holden 48-215 | 160 |
| 31 | 135 | Jack Saywell | Jack Saywell
Dave Sullivan
S. Fellows | Mercedes-Benz 170 D | 163 |
| 32 | 184 | R.R. Noble | Ron Noble
Unknown | Chevrolet 1937 Master | 167 |
| 33 | 75 | M.S. Law | Martin Law
Malcolm Robinson
Pauline Barnes | Humber Super Snipe Mark III | 170 |
| 34 | 9 | Larke Hoskins | Barry Gurdon
Unknown | Austin A40 Devon | 174 |
| 35 | 25 | W.A. Burns | William Burns
Leonard Hubball
Clive Odgers
Norm Hord | Holden 48-215 | 188 |
| 36 | 121 | William Hayes | William Hayes
Len Slade
Ken Walker | Standard Vanguard Phase II | 193 |
| 37 | 179 | Bill English | Bill English
Ralph Newton | Austin A40 Devon | 208 |
| 38 | 156 | Keith Jones | Keith Jones
William Shipway | Riley 2.5 Litre | 214 |
| 39 | 97 | J.E. Roberts | Don Roberts
George Roberts | Standard Vanguard Phase II | 217 |
| 40 | 112 | David Bowman | David Bowman
C. Bowman
Paddy Fergusson | Holden 48-215 | 226 |
| 41 | 82 | R.A. Gardiner | Rueb Gardiner
Les Faulkner | Ford 1947 V8 | 233 |
| 42 | 63 | J.R. Seymour | Ron Seymour
Norm Foley | Ford Consul | 234 |
| 43 | 24 | W. Allen | W. Allen
Clive Adams | Holden 48-215 | 236 |
| 44 | 116 | Reno Auto Sales | Reg Smith
Fred Allen
Harley Mehegan | Ford 1952 Customline | 254 |
| 45 | 99 | H.R. Smith | Harry Smith
Jim Clay | Peugeot 203 | 255 |
| 46 | 92 | A.E. Fraser | A. Fraser
C. White
L. Arden | Jaguar Mark VII | 266 |
| 47 | 43 | Don Gorringe | Don Gorringe
William Caldwell
Trevor Gorringe | Jowett Javelin | 289 |
| 48 | 165 | J.A. Bickett | John Bickett
Sam Miller | Ford 1952 Customline | 294 |
| 49 | 140 | Gibson Industries | 'Hoot' Gibson
Les Ramsay
Sid Gibson | Standard Vanguard Phase II | 305 |
| 50 | 108 | C.W. Graham | Colin Graham
MacGregor Graham
Terry Gilbert | Peugeot 203 | 306 |
| 51 | 6 | D.A. McLachlan | Bill McLachlan
Marie Higgs
Malcolm McKay | Ford 1952 Customline | 308 |
| 52 | 133 | W.K. Meier | William Meier
Stan Jones | Austin A40 Devon | 310 |
| 53 | 84 | A.G. Melrose | Aubrey Melrose
Harry Murray
John Van Lieven | Austin A40 Devon | 311 |
| 54 | 80 | A.H. Gibson | Alex Gibson
H. Howell | Mercedes-Benz 170 D | 320 |
| 55 | 96 | C.A. Roberts | Chris Roberts
Wallace Hair
Guy Bristol | Ford Zephyr Six | 322 |
| 56 | 7 | E.J. Brotherton | Jeff Brotherton
Maurie Monk | Austin A30 | 331 |
| 57 | 181 | J.A. Brabham | Jack Brabham
Bill Armstrong
Ron Tauranac | Holden 48-215 | 334 |
| 58 | 55 | C.J. Arthur | Cliff Arthur
Edna Arthur
Ron Campbell | Peugeot 203 | 337 |
| 59 | 22 | C.E. Dix | Cecil Dix
Ronald Dix
Alec Dealtry
Keith Pederson | DeSoto 1947 Deluxe | 346 |
| 60 | 166 | Lionel Ryan | Lionel Ryan
Tom Day
Edgar Ryan | Holden 48-215 | 357 |
| 61 | 44 | Team Tyas and Craigie | Ken Tyas
J. Craigie | Ford Consul | 372 |
| 62 | 87 | Team Buly and Williams | Lloyd Buly
Stan Williams
Lyle Gray
Fred Haig | Ford 1953 Customline | 372 |
| 63 | 138 | Jack Phillips | Jack Phillips
Ron Phillips
Jack Cox | Ford 1953 Customline | 373 |
| 64 | 58 | Harold Weal | Harold Weal
Harold Weal, Jr. | Ford 1951 Custom | 383 |
| 65 | 67 | Keith McCrohon | Keith McCrohon
Raymond Fuller
Alex Nicol | Ford 1939 V8 Deluxe | 398 |
| 68 | 132 | J.B. Carrington | Banks Carrington
Neville Barnett
Ernest Smith | Morris Oxford Series MO | 399 |
| 69 | 40 | Bill Messenger | Bill Messenger
Unknown | Mercury 1946 Eight | 428 |
| 70 | 30 | J.F. McCafferty | John McCafferty
Ray George | Chevrolet 1951 Deluxe | 453 |
| 71 | 88 | Ron Muir and Sons | Ron Muir
Bill Dresser
Ron Speet | Ford Consul | 456 |
| 72 | 73 | Advanx (Gosford) Motor Service | Robert Boddenberg
A. Ghersi
E.Pinkerton | Peugeot 203 | 458 |
| 73 | 69 | W.C. Zeh | Willy Zeh
Tom Buddle | Mercedes-Benz 170 D | 465 |
| 74 | 86 | Titanic Steel Fab | Dan Mott
Eric Staples | Jaguar Mark VII | 478 |
| 75 | 176 | Courtney and Patterson | A. Patterson
Lloyd Edwards | Ford Prefect | 486 |
| 76 | 168 | Roy Rothwell | Roy Rothwell
Hugh Rothwell
Clive Mitchell | Holden 48-215 | 489 |
| 77 | 106 | John McGrath Motors | Nat Buchanan
Len Weston
Cedric James | Humber Super Snipe Mark IV | 490 |
| 78 | 146 | J.E. O'Connell | J. O'Connell
Lou Hall
Jack Kemp | Chevrolet 1952 Deluxe | 496 |
| 79 | 4 | L.F. Bailey | Lyle Bailey
L. Black
N. Bailey | Mercedes-Benz 170S | 500 |
| 80 | 38 | D.R. McPherson | Don McPherson
Ossie Steer
Ted Tallis
Bill Wagner | Ford 1953 Customline | 547 |
| 81 | 149 | D & K Taxis Limited | Arthur Garner
Jack Wade
Mort Harvie | Holden 48-215 | 550 |
| 82 | 33 | Austin Distributors Pty Ltd | Ken Smyth
Geoff Smith | Austin A30 | 560 |
| 83 | 90 | Larke Hoskins | Curly Brydon
Tom Jemison | Austin A40 Somerset | 575 |
| 84 | 83 | Frank Kleinig | Frank Kleinig
Clive Gibson | Morris Minor Series II | 622 |
| 85 | 45 | Syd O'Halloran | Syd O'Halloran
Jim Savage | Plymouth 1938 | 640 |
| 86 | 101 | N.L. Olivier | N. Olivier
Geoff Kittle | MG TD Midget | 656 |
| 87 | 125 | V.R. Burton | Viv Burton
Sam Craig | Morris Minor MM | 657 |
| 88 | 56 | S.J. Carpenter | Stanley Carpenter
Richard Carpenter | Terraplane 1937 | 660 |
| 89 | 185 | Glandore Motors | Charles Tabberer
Bob Burnett-Reid | Chevrolet 1937 Master Coupe | 666 |
| 90 | 126 | L.V. March | Les March
John Brooker | MG TD Midget | 677 |
| 91 | 107 | Jack Davey | Jack Davey
Lou Moss
Alan Taylor
Arthur Cushing | Ford 1952 Customline | 681 |
| 92 | 137 | Noel Sweeney | Noel Sweeney
B. Hutchison | Jaguar Mark VII | 707 |
| 93 | 136 | Paramount Service Station | Rex Sendy
Murray Chesser | Ford Consul | 729 |
| 94 | 151 | J.E. Pedley | Joe Pedley
Fred Hargrave | Austin A70 Hereford | 729 |
| 95 | 105 | Harry Thompson | Harry Thompson
Wal Gillespie | Singer Nine | 783 |
| 96 | 152 | S.C. Johnson | Stan Johnson
Len Reeves
Eric Daley | Studebaker 1947 Champion | 788 |
| 97 | 189 | J.A. Witter | Jack Witter
Raymond Pantlin | Hudson Pacemaker | 792 |
| 98 | 23 | Team Milne and Conrad | G. Milne
Bill Conrad | Vauxhall Velox | 795 |
| 99 | 89 | N.M. Hamilton | Norm Hamilton
Ken Harper | Porsche 356 | 808 |
| 100 | 98 | Miss Lois Rowe | Lois Rowe
Nola Rowe
Diana Brunton | Sunbeam-Talbot 90 | 854 |
| 101 | 187 | F.A. Price | Frank Price
Dick Cobden
Kethel Rooke | Singer SM1500 | 868 |
| 102 | 170 | W.J. Hamilton | W. Hamilton
Unknown | Citroën Light 15 | 877 |
| 103 | 14 | Team Drew and Cousins | Harvey Drew
Bill Cousins | Studebaker 1938 Commander | 900 |
| 104 | 103 | Keith Napier | Keith Napier
Alan Dickson
Allan Irish | Plymouth 1934 | 927 |
| 105 | 29 | Škoda Distributors | Harry Atkinson
Ronald Wiseman
Kevin Murphy | Škoda 1101 | 945 |
| 106 | 142 | O.E. Yates | Owen Yates
Bob Collett
Lou Edwards | Austin A90 Atlantic | 946 |
| 107 | 127 | A.A. Anderson | 'Duck' Anderson
Tony Anthony
Arthur Higgins | Holden 48-215 | 951 |
| 108 | 59 | Don Hassett | Don Hassett
Hank Edgar
Geoff Walker | Austin A40 Devon | 960 |
| 109 | 17 | R.C. Neeley | Ray Neeley
Allan Ashcroft | Allard M2X | 961 |
| 110 | 42 | Woollahra Driving School | Frank Eastlake
Jack Fletcher
John Webb | Holden 48-215 | 977 |
| 111 | 130 | D. and R. Charlesworth | D. Charlesworth
R. Charlesworth
John Drew | Humber Hawk Mark V | 1,033 |
| 112 | 144 | D.H. Heggie | Don Heggie
C. Heggie | Ford Zephyr Six | 1,125 |
| 113 | 148 | C.R. Turner | Claude Turner
A. Burriss
S. Waiber | Humber Hawk Mark V | 1,135 |
| 114 | 172 | L.P. Dorgan | Leo Dorgan
Pat Riley
Les Makin | Buick 1939 Special | 1,209 |
| 115 | 39 | J.P. Nind | John Nind
Claude Jewson | MG TD Midget | 1,316 |
| 116 | 109 | Stan Levy | Stan Levy
Unknown | Ford 1953 Customline | 1,321 |
| 117 | 77 | R.J. Mulcahy | R. Mulcahy
N. Farmer
Guy Cuthertson | Austin A70 Hereford | 1,348 |
| 118 | 36 | D. Stanborough | D. Stanborough
Unknown | MG TD Midget | 1,419 |
| 119 | 74 | Les Burrows | Les Burrows
Stan Shepheard
Alf Barrett | Standard Vanguard Phase II | 1,447 |
| 120 | 155 | Q.C. Smith | Clem Smith
Reg Sparks | Terraplane 1935 | 1,472 |
| 121 | 162 | St James Driving School | John Moore
Eric Pywell
Barry Taylor | Austin A40 Devon | 1,483 |
| 122 | 159 | B.D. Kingston | Ben Kingston
John Roe
M. Kingston | Jaguar Mark VII | 1,500 |
| 123 | 2 | K.F. Thallon | Keith Thallon
Harold Dowling | Morris Minor Series II | 1,617 |
| 124 | 169 | C.V. Cresswell | Charles Cresswell
Sid Cresswell
Arthur Lynn | Plymouth 1947 De Luxe | 1,629 |
| 125 | 177 | Alan Carter | Alan Carter
Ann Carter | Riley 2.5 Litre | 1,659 |
| 126 | 31 | Eric Roberts | Eric Roberts
Bert Endersby | Morris Minor Series II | 1,661 |
| 127 | 124 | R.F. Templar | Ray Templar
'Blue' Ryan
Bill Williamson | Rover 75 | 1,703 |
| 128 | 79 | F.M. Higgins | F. Higgins
D. Cameron
F. Gill | Peugeot 203 | 1,726 |
| 129 | 164 | Advanx (Gosford) Motor Service | Robert Burgin
M. Griffiths
Roy Francis | Peugeot 203 | 1,829 |
| 130 | 81 | Fred Maguire | Fred Maguire
John Larkin
John Wawn | Nash 1946 600 | 1,899 |
| 131 | 163 | C.F. Herbert | Cyril Herbert
Allen Hallett | Standard Fourteen | 1,935 |
| 132 | 34 | Team Graham and Goldhurst | Frank Graham
Peter Hamilton | Ford 1932 V8 Roadster | 1,940 |
| 133 | 19 | Mrs Winifred Conway | Winifred Conway
Denys Tanner
Margaret Bruce | Austin A40 Devon | 1,979 |
| 134 | 192 | Miss J. Hill | Bill Mair
Reg Lusby | Renault 750 | 1,979 |
| 135 | 60 | Commonwealth Motors | Laurie Whitehead
Ian Barns
Bill Buckle | Citroën Big Six | 2,024 |
| 136 | 154 | David Rance | David Rance
Len Taylor | MG TD Midget | 2,158 |
| 137 | 171 | D.K. Carmody | Keith Carmody
Ray Melville | Fiat 1400 | 2,383 |
| 138 | 173 | Tom Mills | Tom Mills
Jack O'Hara
Bert Easterbrook | Hudson 1937 | 2,408 |
| 139 | 147 | O.M. Joseph | Oscar Joseph
Jack Joseph
Harry Tartlin
Neville Branson | Chrysler 77 | 2,409 |
| 140 | 95 | M.D. von Sanden | Max von Sanden
Valda Marshall
Lin Paltridge | Nash 1928 Light Six | 2,414 |
| 141 | 68 | Interstate Car Rentals | Donald Tottey
Archie Barnett | Ford Anglia Tourer | 2,702 |
| 142 | 180 | V.C. Hannaford | Vic Hannaford
Merv Barrie
Rex Ellis | Holden 48-215 | 3,169 |
| Source: | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1953 Round Australia Trial
*Redex Trial* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Host country | Australia |
| Rally base | Sydney |
| Dates run | 30 August  13 September 1953 |
| Stages | 15 |
| Stage surface | Tarmac and Gravel |
| Overall distance | 10,460 km (6,500 miles) |
| Statistics | |
| Crews | 186 at start, 142 at finish |
| Overall results | |
| Overall winner | Ken Tubman
John Marshall |


title: Empathy in media research

text:
# Empathy in media research

Empathy has long been a subject of communications research. Zillmann and Cantor (1977) indicated that regardless of the source of empathy, its existence predicts that viewers may vicariously experience the emotions displayed by the protagonist. Their research in empathetic reactions indicated that, at least in children, the actions and emotions of the protagonist had a direct effect on the viewers' enjoyment of the film.

## Definitions

Empathy has been defined in different ways in an attempt by researchers to clarify diverse aspects of the phenomenon. Dolf Zillmann, while at the University of Alabama, cited various meanings of empathy by fellow researchers that, on the surface, it may appear to conflict with one another. He nevertheless brushes this apparent conflict aside with the assertion that the common core of these various explanations is that they relate to a subject's emotional responses to and affinity with other peoples' emotions and their reactions to those emotions (p. 136).

Tamborini examined empathy as a “set of constructs,” among which are wandering imagination, fictional involvement, humanistic orientation, and emotional contagion. The first two constructs point to the imagination as a necessary criterion for empathy to occur. Those with a higher degree of imaginative tendency could be especially subject to a heightened empathetic experience. The third construct, humanistic orientation, refers to concern for the character. Under this construct, one may become deeply involved in the well-being of the character. By extension, one may become highly empathetic to the plight of the character. The fourth construct, emotional contagion, refers to the emotions of fellow viewers and the role they may play in influencing one's own emotions. Thus, the displayed emotions of those around one may affect one's own level, or type, of emotional display.

## Imagination

Tamborini et al. (1990) considered it reasonable to expect that imagination would be an important factor in empathy, given these constructs. One must be able to place oneself in the shoes of another to become deeply involved in the plight of the character. The implication could be that individuals with a stronger penchant for daydreaming might more readily form an empathic bond with a character, therefore experiencing a stronger emotional connection (p. 620).

## Television programming

Sparks indicated that it is not uncommon for reactions to frightening television programming to remain with one indefinitely. These reactions included “nervousness, sleep disturbances, and fear of going into certain rooms in the home.” This is attributed to arousal, which was also indicated by Zillmann as a potential factor in empathy. Sparks further suggested that subjects experiencing high arousal might be more susceptible to fright reactions than those who experience low arousal.

## Protagonists

Joanne Cantor suggested that “humans are naturally inclined to empathize with the emotions of protagonists". This may help explain potential long-term reactions that may accompany exposure to frightening content. Feeling close to the protagonist may enhance the depth of fear and helplessness a viewer might experience.


title: Eneti (company)

abstract: Eneti, previously Scorpio Bulkers, is a Monaco-based company specializing in offshore wind farm construction and services. Headquartered in Monaco, it is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and has Emanuele A. Lauro as its CEO. On December 29, 2023, the firm was acquired by Cadeler.

text:
# Eneti (company)

**Eneti**, previously **Scorpio Bulkers**, is a Monaco-based company specializing in offshore wind farm construction and services. Headquartered in Monaco, it is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and has Emanuele A. Lauro as its CEO.

On December 29, 2023, the firm was acquired by Cadeler.

## History

Scorpio Bulkers was founded in 2013 and completed its underwritten initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE. In August 2020, the company announced its transition from the dry bulk commodity transportation business to marine-based renewable energy. The company’s decision to invest in a wind turbine installation vessel came as a surprise for the market.

In 2020 Scorpio Bulkers lost more than $600 million due to impairments on ships sold or put up for sale. Star Bulk took on seven Scorpio Bulkers’ ships seeking to capitalize on the company’s exit from dry bulk.

In February 2021, the company’s name change to Eneti Inc. was approved at an extraordinary general meeting. Company’s exit from dry bulk sector and name change is seen as a part of its transition to a sustainable future. Eneti’s Board of Directors authorized the company to sell its remaining dry bulk vessels during 2021.

The company signed shipbuilding contract with Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering for the construction of two next generation wind turbine installation vessel to be delivered in 2024 and 2025.

## InfoBox

Eneti, Inc.
| Formerly | Scorpio Bulkers |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | offshore wind farm construction |
| Founded | 2013 (2013) |
| Headquarters | Monaco |
| Key people | * Emanuele A. Lauro (CEO) |
| Owner | * Independent (2013–23) * Cadeler (2023–present) |
| Website | www.eneti-inc.com |


title: Arnold House School

abstract: Arnold House School is a preparatory school for boys in the St John's Wood district of Westminster, Greater London. It consists of a Junior School and Senior School.

text:
# Arnold House School

**Arnold House School** is a preparatory school for boys in the St John's Wood district of Westminster, Greater London. It consists of a Junior School (Years 1–4) and Senior School (Years 5–8).

## History

Arnold House School was founded in 1905 by Miss Hanson with nine pupils. Hanson opened the school with the intention of showing that a headmistress was equally capable of preparing boys for public schools. By the time she stepped down as Headmistress, the school was flourishing. It became a charitable trust in 1969.

## Coat of arms

Coat of arms of Arnold House School
|  | NotesGranted 18 May 2004. CrestOn a wreath Argent and Gules, a stork Or beaked and legged Gules, resting the dexter foot on a propeller Vert. EscutcheonPer saltire Gules and Vert, a cross flory Argent between twelve bezants in saltire. Motto'Conquer We Shall' |
| --- | --- |

In celebration of the school's centenary in 2005, it applied for and was granted a coat of arms by the College of Arms. The school motto, "Conquer We Shall", is derived from a poem by Robert Herrick:

> Conquer we shall, but first we must contend,
> 'Tis not the strife that crowns us, but the end.
>
> Robert Herrick

## Notable former pupils

## Notable former staff

## InfoBox

| Arnold House School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 1-3 Loudoun Road
London, NW8 0LH
England | |
| Information | |
| Type | Preparatory day school |
| Motto | "Conquer we shall" |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Church of England |
| Established | 1905 |
| Local authority | City of Westminster |
| Department for Education URN | 101156 Tables |
| Headmaster | Vivian W P Thomas |
| Gender | Boys |
| Age | 3 to 13 |
| Enrolment | 250~ |
| Colour(s) | Red, Green |
| Website | http://www.arnoldhouse.co.uk/ |


title: Asenate Manoa

abstract: Asenate Manoa is a Tuvaluan track and field athlete who represented Tuvalu at the 2008 Summer Olympics, at the 2009 World Championships & 2011 World Championships and at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Manoa represented Tuvalu in the sport of powerlifting at the Pacific Games 2015 and won a bronze medal in the 72 kg Female category. She was the first woman to represent Tuvalu at the Olympics. Manoa was born on Kioa island in Fiji.

text:
# Asenate Manoa

**Asenate Manoa** (born 23 May 1992) is a Tuvaluan track and field athlete who represented Tuvalu at the 2008 Summer Olympics, at the 2009 World Championships & 2011 World Championships and at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Manoa represented Tuvalu in the sport of powerlifting at the Pacific Games 2015 and won a bronze medal in the 72 kg Female category. She was the first woman to represent Tuvalu at the Olympics.

Manoa was born on Kioa island in Fiji.

## Beijing Olympics, 2008

Asenate "Nancy" Manoa competed for Tuvalu as its first female Olympian, competing in the Beijing Olympics as part of the women's 100 meters races. Manoa was 16 years old when she first competed in Beijing. After initially training on the runway of Funafuti International Airport, Manoa trained in Suva, Fiji in preparation for the games. She was mentored by members of Fiji's track team, and worked at the offices of the regional Olympic administrator, ONOC. She had never used starting blocks or run on a synthetic track before arriving in Beijing. Slight of figure, she weighs 101 lbs (46 kg).

She competed in the 100m sprint. Her time of 14.05 secs. was the slowest in her heat, but was a Tuvaluan national record.

*The Guardian* described her as "impossibly tiny for an international sprinter", and noted that, in the Beijing National Stadium, she was "running in front of an audience 10 times the size of her country's population".

## 2009 World Championships in Athletics

She competed in the 100 metres at the 2009 World Championships, with a time of 13.75 secs. in the preliminary heat.

## 2011 World Championships in Athletics

She competed in the 100 metres at the 2011 World Championships, with a time of 13.92 secs. in the preliminary heat.

## London Olympics, 2012

She trained in Brisbane, Australian, in her preparation for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. In the Women's 100 metres, she took her national record to 13.48 secs.

## Pacific Games 2015

Manoa took up powerlifting. She had success at the Pacific Games 2015 in her category: 72 kg Female - TOTAL 340 kg - **bronze medal**.

## 2017 Pacific Mini Games

Manoa participated in the women’s long jump event at the 2017 Pacific Mini Games; finishing 11th in the event with a jump of 4.60 m.

## InfoBox

Asenate Manoa
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1992-05-23) 23 May 1992
Kioa, Fiji |
| Sport | |
| Country | Tuvalu |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Event(s) | 100 metres
Triple jump
Powerlifting |
| Achievements and titles | |
| Personal best | 100m \- 13.48s |
| Medal record      Women's Powerlifting  Representing  Tuvalu  Pacific Games  2015 Port Moresby  -72kg  Women's Athletics  Representing  Tuvalu  Pacific Mini Games  2009 Rarotonga  Triple jump | |
| Updated on 17 July 2022 | |


title: 1953 Rupertwildt

abstract: 1953 Rupertwildt, provisionally designated 1951 UK, is an asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 22 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 29 October 1951, by the Indiana Asteroid Program of Indiana University at its Goethe Link Observatory, Indiana, United States, and named after astronomer Rupert Wildt.

text:
# 1953 Rupertwildt

**1953 Rupertwildt**, provisionally designated 1951 UK, is an asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 22 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 29 October 1951, by the Indiana Asteroid Program of Indiana University at its Goethe Link Observatory, Indiana, United States, and named after astronomer Rupert Wildt.

## Orbit and classification

*Rupertwildt* orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.5–3.7 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,003 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 2 with respect to the ecliptic. Due to a precovery taken at Lowell Observatory in 1929, the asteroid's observation arc begins 22 years before its official discovery observation at Goethe Link.

## Physical characteristics

According to the surveys carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, *Rupertwildt* measures 22.0 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.070. Assuming an albedo in the range of 0.05 to 0.25, the asteroid measures between 12 and 26 kilometers in diameter, based on an absolute magnitude of 11.9.

### Lightcurves

As of 2017, *Rupertwildt*'s composition, rotation period and shape remain unknown.

## Naming

This minor planet was named in memory of German–American astronomer Rupert Wildt (1905–1976), professor of Astronomy at Yale University. In 1966, he was awarded the Eddington Medal by the Royal Astronomical Society for his *discovery of the importance of negative hydrogen ions as a contributor to the solar atmosphere's opacity*. He was one of the first to construct a model of the composition of the giant planets, as he recognized that the hydrogen-rich methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) are responsible for the absorption bands at red wavelengths. In the 1960s and 1970s, Wildt was chairman, president and the first scientific representative on the board of AURA.

The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 6 June 1982 (M.P.C. 6954). The lunar crater *Wildt* is also named in his honour.

## InfoBox

1953 Rupertwildt
| Discovery | |
| --- | --- |
| Discovered by | Indiana University
(Indiana Asteroid Program) |
| Discovery site | Goethe Link Obs. |
| Discovery date | 29 October 1951 |
| Designations | |
| MPC designation | (1953) Rupertwildt |
| Named after | Rupert Wildt (astronomer) |
| Alternative designations | 1951 UK **·** 1929 VC
1929 WD **·** 1934 RJ
1951 WG **·** 1958 BD |
| Minor planet category | main-belt **·** (outer) |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 87.14 yr (31,829 days) |
| Aphelion | 3.6776 AU |
| Perihelion | 2.5416 AU |
| Semi-major axis | 3.1096 AU |
| Eccentricity | 0.1827 |
| Orbital period (sidereal) | 5.48 yr (2,003 days) |
| Mean anomaly | 347.06 |
| Mean motion | 0° 10m 46.92s / day |
| Inclination | 2.4591° |
| Longitude of ascending node | 74.270° |
| Argument of perihelion | 326.88° |
| TJupiter | 3.1920 |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 21.970±0.270
24 km (est. at 0.06) |
| Geometric albedo | 0.070±0.006 |
| Absolute magnitude *(H)* | 11.9 |
|  | |


title: 1995 Isle of Man TT

abstract: In the 1995 Isle of Man TT, Joey Dunlop won the Senior TT and Lightweight TT events and came second to Phillip McCallen in the Formula I race. Changes were introduced in that the Supersport 66 Race was scrapped, and 600cc machines raced in the Junior TT instead. In addition the Lightweight TT incorporated Supersport 400s and 250cc machines.

text:
# 1995 Isle of Man TT

In the **1995 Isle of Man TT**, Joey Dunlop won the Senior TT and Lightweight TT events and came second to Phillip McCallen in the Formula I race. Changes were introduced in that the Supersport 66 Race was scrapped, and 600cc machines raced in the Junior TT instead. In addition the Lightweight TT incorporated Supersport 400s and 250cc machines.

## Results

### Race 1 – TT Formula One

| Rank | Rider | Team | Time | Speed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Phillip McCallen | Castrol Honda RC45 | 1.55.15.8 | 117.84 |
| 2 | Joey Dunlop | Castrol Honda RC45 | 1.55.33.9 | 117.53 |
| 3 | Simon Beck | Peachurst Ducati | 1.56.25.0 | 116.67 |
| 4 | Nick Jefferies | Castrol Honda RC45 | 1.57.09.9 | 115.92 |
| 5 | Steve Ward | Castrol Honda RC45 | 1.57.44.7 | 115.35 |
| 6 | Steve Linsdell | Flitwick Yamaha | 1.58.18.1 | 114.81 |

### Race 2 – Sidecar Race A

| Rank | Rider | Passenger | Team | Time | Speed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Rob Fisher | Boyd Hutchinson | Proton Yamaha | 1.03.47.1 | 106.47 |
| 2 | Mick Boddice | Dave Wells | Castrol Honda | 1.04.34.3 | 105.17 |
| 3 | Geoff Bell | Nick Roche | PeaWindle Mitsui Yamaha | 1.04.59.9 | 104.48 |
| 4 | Roy Hanks | Tom Hanks | North Ireson | 1.05.05.8 | 104.32 |
| 5 | Ian Bell | Craig Hallam | Windle Mitsui Yamaha | 1.05.21.3 | 103.91 |
| 6 | Kenny Howles | Steve Pointer | Ireson Yamaha | 1.05.21.3 | 103.91 |

### Race 3 – Singles TT

| Rank | Rider | Team | Time | Speed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Robert Holden | Ducati | 1.21.44.2 | 110.78 |
| 2 | Dave Morris | Chrysalis BMW | 1.23.14.5 | 108.78 |
| 3 | Steve Linsdell | Flitwick Yamaha | 1.24.47.4 | 106.79 |
| 4 | Bob Heath | BMR Seeley | 1.26.46.8 | 104.34 |
| 5 | Robert A Price | Kawasaki | 1.28.42.5 | 102.07 |
| 6 | Nigel Davies | Yamaha | 1.29.05.6 | 101.63 |

### Race 4 – Ultra Lightweight

| Rank | Rider | Team | Time | Speed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Mark Baldwin | Padgett Honda | 1.24.30.8 | 107.14 |
| 2 | Mick Lofthouse | DTR Yamaha | 1.24.31.4 | 107.13 |
| 3 | James Courtney | IRM Honda | 1.24.37.5 | 107.00 |
| 4 | Denis McCullough | Francis Neill Honda | 1.25.28.3 | 105.94 |
| 5 | Noel Clegg | Strongberg Honda | 1.27.05.1 | 103.98 |
| 6 | Glen English | Honda | 1.27.08.2 | 103.91 |

### Race 5 – Lightweight TT

| Rank | Rider | Team | Time | Speed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Joey Dunlop | Castrol Honda | 1.18.16.4 | 115.68 |
| 2 | James Courtney | IRM Honda | 1.18.41.9 | 115.06 |
| 3 | Gavin Lee | Yamaha | 1.19.07.8 | 114.43 |
| 4 | Phillip McCallen | Castrol Honda RC45 | 1.19.12.5 | 114.32 |
| 5 | Shaun Harris | Honda | 1.19.21.6 | 114.10 |
| 6 | Denis McCullough | AW Honda | 1.19.34.1 | 113.80 |

### Race 6 – Junior TT

| Rank | Rider | Team | Time | Speed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Iain Duffus | V&M Duckhams Honda | 1.17.40.4 | 116.58 |
| 2 | Nick Jefferies | Castrol Honda | 1.18.46.2 | 114.95 |
| 3 | Colin Gable | Honda | 1.18.59.9 | 114.62 |
| 4 | Joey Dunlop | V&M Duckhams Honda | 1.19.01.6 | 114.58 |
| 5 | Steve Ward | Honda | 1.19.08.8 | 114.41 |
| 6 | Dave Leach | Kawasaki | 1.19.47.2 | 113.49 |

### Race 7 – Sidecar Race B

| Rank | Rider | Passenger | Team | Time | Speed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Rob Fisher | Boyd Hutchinson | Proton Yamaha | 1.03.07.5 | 107.58 |
| 2 | Dave Molyneux | Pete Hill | DMR | 1.03.55.8 | 106.23 |
| 3 | Mick Boddice | Dave Wells | Castrol Honda | 1.04.04.0 | 106.00 |
| 4 | Roy Hanks | Tom Hanks | North Ireson | 1.04.24.1 | 105.45 |
| 5 | Geoff Bell | Nick Roche | Windle Mitsui Yamaha | 1.04.43.8 | 104.91 |
| 6 | Ian Bell | Craig Hallam | Windle Mitsui Yamaha | 1.04.51.6 | 104.70 |

### Race 8 – Senior TT

| Rank | Rider | Team | Time | Speed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Joey Dunlop | Castrol Honda RC45 | 1.54.01.9 | 119.11 |
| 2 | Iain Duffus | Top Gun Ducati | 1.54.35.4 | 118.53 |
| 3 | Simon Beck | Castrol Honda RC45 | 1.54.51.7 | 118.25 |
| 4 | Nick Jefferies | Castrol Honda RC45 | 1.54.54.4 | 118.20 |
| 5 | David Goodley | Kawasaki | 1.56.10.7 | 116.91 |
| 6 | Bob Jackson | McAdoo Kawasaki | 1.57.05.1 | 116.00 |


title: Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame

abstract: The Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame is a non-profit, volunteer organization that recognizes women who have contributed to history of the U.S. state of Arkansas.

text:
# Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame

Hattie Caraway, first woman elected as a United States senatorHillary Clinton Secretary of State, 2010Betty Bumpers, Arkansas first lady, 1999

The **Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame** is a non-profit, volunteer organization that recognizes women who have contributed to history of the U.S. state of Arkansas.

## History

The organization was founded and incorporated as a non-profit organization in 2014 to recognize women's contributions and impact upon the state of Arkansas. It was formed as a partnership between the Arkansas Business Publishing Group and the North Little Rock Chamber of Commerce. An eleven-member board was developed to create a permanent location for the Hall of Fame and a sustained tribute to the women who have helped to build the state. Until a permanent facility is built, the plans call for a statewide traveling exhibit on the inductees. The inaugural group of women, inducted on 27 August 2015, included 11 women and one organization, the Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools and were selected from public nominations of 73 potential candidates.

## Criteria

The criteria for induction into the Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame is that women were born in and achieved recognition within the state; are or have been a resident in Arkansas for an extended period of time and achieved prominence within the state; or were born in or lived in Arkansas for a significant period of time and achieved prominence elsewhere. Additional criteria:

* Made significant and enduring contributions to their field, whether professional or not;
* Made improvements to the cultural, economic, political or social status of their community, the state or the nation;
* Elevated the status of women and/or girls;
* Helped open new frontiers for women and the general society;
* Were inspirational role models.

## Inductees

The hall inducts new members annually and includes both contemporary and historical women or organizations which benefit women.

Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame
| Name | Image | Birth–Death | Year | Area of achievement | Ref(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bernie Babcock |  | (1868–1962) | 2024 | Author |  |
| Betty Dickey |  | (1940–) | 2024 | Chief justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court |  |
| Gussie Haynie |  | (1901–1957) | 2024 | Lawyer |  |
| Jacquelyn Williams McCray |  |  | 2024 | Professor and academic administrator |  |
| Jamileh Kamran |  |  | 2024 | Fashion designer |  |
| JoAnne Bush |  |  | 2024 | Public servant |  |
| Kathy Webb |  | (1949–) | 2024 | Restaurateur and politician; Current Vice-Mayor of Little Rock |  |
| Committee of One Hundred for the Ozark Folk Center |  |  | 2024 |  |  |
| Sandra Keiser Edwards |  |  | 2023 | Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art |  |
| Cathy Hastings Owen |  |  | 2023 | Chairman of Eagle Bank & Trust Company, as well as Chairman, President & CEO of State Holding Company, in Little Rock |  |
| Pat Steele Qualls |  |  | 2023 | Lake City Mayor, President Clinton appointee to Arkansas Public Service Commission (APSC) |  |
| Nan Snow |  | (1936–) | 2023 | Civic activist for women's issues; a founder and charter member of the UCA Women's Giving Circle |  |
| Joyce Williams Warren |  | (1949–) | 2023 | Arkansas’ first black female judge, and multiple other firsts for black women |  |
| Dorothy McFadden Hoover |  | (1918–2000) | 2023 | American physicist and mathematician |  |
| Adolphine Fletcher Terry |  | (1882–1976) | 2023 | Political and social activist |  |
| Women’s Giving Circle |  |  | 2023 | University of Arkansas alumni, financial support for university projects |  |
| Margaret Louise Sirman Clark |  |  | 2020 | First woman African-American professor hired by the University of Arkansas |  |
| Cynthia L. Conger |  |  | 2020 | Financial planner |  |
| Hispanic Women's Organization of Arkansas |  |  | 2020 |  |  |
| Brownie Ledbetter |  | (1932–2010) | 2020 | Political activism |  |
| Dorothy Morris |  |  | 2020 | Philanthropist |  |
| Carolyn Pollan |  | (1937–2021) | 2020 | Arkansas State Representative |  |
| Amy Rossi |  |  | 2020 | Executive director of Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families |  |
| Sister Rosetta Tharpe |  | (1915–1973) | 2020 | Entertainer |  |
| Alice Andrews |  |  | 2019 | Conservationist |  |
| Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority Beta Pi Omega chapter |  |  | 2019 |  |  |
| Diane Frances Divers Kincaid Blair |  | (1938–2000) | 2019 | Educator, political advisor, and writer |  |
| Olivia Farrell |  |  | 2019 | Publisher; co-founder of the Arkansas Women's Foundation |  |
| Jo Luck |  |  | 2019 | Activist for ending world hunger |  |
| Charlotte Tillar Schexnayder |  | (1923–2020) | 2019 | Arkansas House of Representatives; first female president of the National Newspaper Association |  |
| Louise McPhetridge Thaden |  | (1935–2018) | 2019 | Aviation pioneer |  |
| Carolyn Witherspoon |  |  | 2019 | Founding partner of Cross, Gunter, Witherspoon and Galchus law firm; first woman to serve as president of the Arkansas Bar Association |  |
| Caroline F. Blakely |  |  | 2018 | Chancellor emeritus at the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff |  |
| Karen Flake |  |  | 2018 | President and CEO of Mount St. Mary Academy, Little Rock |  |
| Sue Griffin |  | (1934–) | 2018 | Editor in Chief Journal of Neuroinflamattion |  |
| Raye Montague |  | (1935–2018) | 2018 | US Navy engineer and graphics designer |  |
| Bessie Boehm Moore |  | (1935–2018) | 2018 | Educator, civic leader, helped create the first public library in Pine Bluff. |  |
| Florence Beatrice Smith Price |  | (1887–1953) | 2018 | Musical composer |  |
| Mary Steenburgen |  | (1953–) | 2018 | Actress |  |
| Annabelle Davis Clinton Imber Tuck |  | (1950–) | 2018 | First woman elected to the Arkansas Supreme Court |  |
| Women's Foundation of Arkansas |  |  | 2018 | The only foundation in the state focusing solely on women and girls |  |
| Maya Angelou |  | (1928–2004) | 2017 | Poet |  |
| June B. Freeman |  |  | 2017 | Architect |  |
| Ruth Hawkins |  |  | 2017 | Historic preservation |  |
| Brinda J. Jackson |  |  | 2017 | Architect |  |
| Bernice Young Jones |  | (1905–2003) | 2017 | Philanthropist |  |
| Pat Lile |  |  | 2017 | President and CEO of the Arkansas Community Foundation, Inc. |  |
| Olivetan Benedictine Sisters |  |  | 2017 | Established St. Bernards Hospital and Regional Medical Center |  |
| Elsijane Trimble Roy |  | (1916–2007) | 2017 | Associate Justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court and a United States federal judge |  |
| Joanna Seibert |  |  | 2017 | Pediatric Radiology |  |
| Dorothy Stuck |  | (1921–2021) | 2017 | Civil rights |  |
| Kay Kelley Arnold |  |  | 2016 | Community activist |  |
| Bettye Caldwell |  | (1924–2016) | 2016 | Educator and academic |  |
| Cathy Cunningham |  |  | 2016 | Community development advocate |  |
| Joycelyn Elders |  | (1933–) | 2016 | Former Surgeon General of the United States |  |
| Betty Ann Lowe |  | (1934–2013) | 2016 | Pediatrician and educator |  |
| Religious Sisters of Mercy of the Americas |  |  | 2016 |  |  |
| Lottie Shackelford |  | (1941–) | 2016 | Mayor of Little Rock |  |
| Patti Upton |  | (1938–2017) | 2016 | Founder and former CEO of decorative fragrance company Aromatique |  |
| Pat Walker |  | (1919–2016) | 2016 | Philanthropist |  |
| Mary Ann Ritter Arnold |  | (1927–2017) | 2015 | First female mayor of Marked Tree, Arkansas, President of agribusiness and communications firm E. Ritter & Co |  |
| Daisy Bates |  | (1914–1999) | 2015 | American civil rights activist, Little Rock Integration Crisis planner |  |
| Betty Bumpers |  | (1925–2018) | 2015 | Former Arkansas First Lady who led a statewide childhood immunization program |  |
| Hattie Caraway |  | (1878–1950) | 2015 | First woman elected to serve in the United States Senate |  |
| Hillary Clinton |  | (1947–) | 2015 | Former Arkansas First Lady, First Lady of the United States, U.S. senator from New York, and U.S. Secretary of State |  |
| Hester Davis |  | (1930–2014) | 2015 | State Archaeologist with the Arkansas Archaeological Survey |  |
| Roberta Fulbright |  | (1874–1953) | 2015 | Newspaper publisher and women's rights advocate; mother of United States Senator J. William Fulbright |  |
| Mary Good |  | (1931–2019) | 2015 | Founding Dean of the College of Engineering and Information Technology (E.I.T.) at the University of Arkansas Little Rock |  |
| Johnelle Hunt |  | (1932–) | 2015 | Co-founder and former Board Member of J.B. Hunt Transport Services, Inc. |  |
| Edith Jones |  | (1927–2019) | 2015 | First African American to attend and to graduate from the University of Arkansas Medical School, first female president of the National Medical Association |  |
| Alice Walton |  | (1949–) | 2015 | WalMart heiress and founder of Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art |  |
| Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools |  |  | 2015 | Advocated integration of the Little Rock public school system |  |
|

## Further reading

* Stuck, Dorothy D.; Snow, Nan (1997). *Roberta A Most Remarkable Fulbright*. Fayetteville, AR: University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 978-1-55728-460-0.
* White, Nancy Marie; Marrinan, Rochelle A.; Sullivan, Lynne P. (1999). *Grit-Tempered: Early Women Archaeologists in the Southeastern United States*. Florida Museum of Natural History: Ripley P. Bullen. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida. ISBN 978-0-8130-1686-3.
* Williams, Nancy A.; Whayne, Jeannie M. (2000). *Arkansas Biography A Collection of Notable Lives*. Fayetteville, AR: University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 1-55728-587-X.


title: 1989 European Ladies' Team Championship

abstract: The 1989 European Ladies' Team Championship took place 5–9 July at Golf de Pals in Girona, Catalonia, Spain. It was the 16th women's golf amateur European Ladies' Team Championship.

text:
# 1989 European Ladies' Team Championship

The **1989 European Ladies' Team Championship** took place 5–9 July at Golf de Pals in Girona, Catalonia, Spain. It was the 16th women's golf amateur European Ladies' Team Championship.

## Venue

The hosting course, situated in northern Spain, outside Girona, in the coastal region Costa Brava, Catalonia, 80 kilometres (50 miles) north of Barcelona, saw its first holes inaugurated in 1966. It was extended to 18 holes, designed by golf course architect Fred W. Hawtree, in 1970. Two years later the course hosted the 1972 Spanish Open, the very first tournament of the first official season of the European Tour.

The championship course was set up with par 73.

## Format

All participating teams played two qualification rounds of stroke-play with six players, counted the five best scores for each team.

The eight best teams formed flight A, in knock-out match-play over the next three days. The teams were seeded based on their positions after the stroke-play. The first placed team was drawn to play the quarter-final against the eight placed team, the second against the seventh, the third against the sixth and the fourth against the fifth. In each match between two nation teams, two 18-hole foursome games and five 18-hole single games were played. Teams were allowed to switch players during the team matches, selecting other players in to the afternoon single games after the morning foursome games. Games all square after 18 holes were declared halved, if the team match was already decided.

The eight teams placed 9–16 in the qualification stroke-play formed Flight B, to play similar knock-out play to decide their final positions.

## Teams

16 nation teams contested the event. Each team consisted of six players.

**Players in the leading teams**

| Country | Players |
| --- | --- |
| Denmark | Pernille Carlson Pedersen, Lise Eliasen, Anne Larsson, Karina Ørum, Annika Østberg |
| England | Linda Bayman, Janet Collingham, Helen Dobson, Lora Fairclough, Julie Hall, Simone Morgan |
| Ireland | L. Bolton, Eavan Higgins, Claire Hourihane, Eileen Rose McDaid, Mary McKenna, Carol Wickham |
| Italy | Silvia Cavalleri, Anna Nistri, Isabella Calogero, Stefania Croce, Caterina Quintarelli, Alessandra Salvi |
| France | Delphine Bourson, Caroline Bourtayre, Sophie Louapre, Cécilia Mourgue d'Algue, Sandrine Mendiburu, Valérie Golléty-Pamard |
| Scotland | Lindsey Anderson, Elaine Farquharson, Julie Forbes, Kathryn Imrie, Shirley Lawson Huggan, Catriona Lambert |
| Spain | Lourdes Barbieto, Macarena Campomanes, Sonia Navarro, Maria Orueta, Esther Valera |
| Sweden | Margareta Bjurö, Carin Hjalmarsson Koch, Madeleine Kvist, Malin Landehag, Katarina Michols, Pernilla Sterner |
| Wales | Lisa Dermott, Julie Foster, Helen Lawson, Sharon Roberts, Vicki Thomas, Helen Wadsworth |
| West Germany | Ursula Beer, Martina Fischer, Luise Gehlen, Claudia von Grundherr, Martina Koch, Petra Sporner |

**Other participating teams**

| Country |
| --- |
| Austria |
| Belgium |
| Finland |
| Netherlands |
| Norway |
| Switzerland |

## Winners

Four-time-winners team France and six-time-winners team England tied the lead at the opening 36-hole qualifying competition, each with a score of 25 over par 755, with England winning by the tie-breaking better total non-counting scores.

Individual leader in the 36-hole stroke-play competition was Macarena Campomanes, Spain with a score of 1-under-par 145, three strokes ahead of three players at tied second.

Team France won the gold, earning their fifth title and first since 1975, beating England in the final 4–3. The championship was decided when Cécilia Mourgue d'Algue, playing captain for team France, beat Helen Dobson, England, on the 19th hole. Mourgue d'Algue represented Sweden in the championship in 1965 and 1967 and in 1989, at age 42, made her fifth appearance representing France, being on the winning team for the first time.

Team Italy earned third place, beating Scotland in the bronze match.

## Results

**Qualification round**

**Flight A**

***Bracket***

**Final standings**

| Place | Country |
| --- | --- |
|  | France |
|  | England |
|  | Italy |
| 4 | Scotland |
| 5 | Spain |
| 6 | West Germany |
| 7 | Sweden |
| 8 | Denmark |
| 9 | Belgium |
| 10 | Wales |
| 11 | Ireland |
| 12 | Netherlands |
| 13 | Norway |
| 14 | Austria |
| 15 | Switzerland |
| 16 | Finland |

Sources:

## InfoBox

1989 European Ladies' Team Championship
| Tournament information | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 5–9 July 1989 |
| Location | Girona, Spain
41°59′40″N 03°11′32″E / 41.99444°N 3.19222°E / 41.99444; 3.19222 |
| Course(s) | Golf de Pals |
| Organized by | European Golf Association |
| Format | 36 holes stroke play
Knock-out match-play |
| Statistics | |
| Par | 73 |
| Field | 16 teams
96 players |
| Champion | |
| France
Delphine Bourson, Caroline Bourtayre,
Sophie Louapre, Cécilia Mourgue d'Algue,
Sandrine Mendiburu, Valérie Golléty-Pamard | |
| Qualification round: 755 (+25)
Final match 4–3 | |
| Location map | |
| Golf de PalsLocation in EuropeGolf de PalsLocation in SpainGolf de PalsLocation in CataloniaGolf de PalsLocation in Province of Girona | |
|  | |


title: 1989 European Karate Championships

abstract: The 1989 European Karate Championships, the 24th edition, was held in Titograd, Yugoslavia, in May 1989.

text:
# 1989 European Karate Championships

The **1989 European Karate Championships**, the 24th edition, was held in Titograd, Yugoslavia, in May 1989.

## Medallists

### Men's competition

#### Individual

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Kata** | Dario Marchini | Steve Morris | Juan Carlos de la Fuente |
| **Kumite -60 kg** | Damien Dovy | David Luque Camacho | Christian Keil
Stein Rønning |
| **Kumite -65 kg** | Didier Lupo | Haldun Alagaş | Dragoljub Kopitović
Tim Stephens |
| **Kumite -70 kg** | Bruno Pellicier | William Thomas | Olivier Knupfer
Dragoljub Fatić |
| **Kumite -75 kg** | Andrea Lentini | Laughland Wylie | Delano van der Kust
Džezmir Muratagic |
| **Kumite -80 kg** | José Manuel Egea | Dudley Josepa | Serafin Blanco Granes
Thomas Hallman |
| **Kumite +84 kg** | Marc Pyrée | Vic Charles | Juan Antonio Hernández
Jöran Thell |
| **Kumite Sanbon** | Dudley Josepa | Serge Tomao | Karl Daggfeldt
Kostas Sariyannis |
| **Kumite Ippon** | Thierry Masci | Thomas Hallman | Pavlo Protopapa
Jörg Reuss |

#### Team

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Kata** | Italy | Spain | France |
| **Kumite** | Sweden | France | Norway
Yugoslavia |

### Women's competition

#### Individual

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Kata** | Cristina Restelli | Simone Schreiner | Maite San Narciso |
| **Kumite -53 kg** | Ivonne Senff | Anna Di Cesare | Cathérine Girardet
Gabi Koslowski |
| **Kumite -60 kg** | Molly Samuel | Annette Bailey | Monique Amghar
Annelies Bouma |
| **Kumite +60 kg** | Cathérine Belhriti | Annelies Bremmers | Laicam How
Silvia Wiegaertner |

#### Team

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Kata** | Italy | West Germany | France |
| **Kumite** | Finland | France | Norway
Spain |

## InfoBox

| 1989 European Karate Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Titograd, Yugoslavia |
| Dates | May 1989 |
|


title: 1988 South Korean legislative election

text:
# 1988 South Korean legislative election

Legislative elections were held in South Korea on 26 April 1988. The result was a victory for the ruling Democratic Justice Party (DJP), which won 125 of the 299 seats in the National Assembly. Voter turnout was 75.8%. This was the first time the ruling party did not win a majority in the National Assembly since 1960, the first free and fair elections in Korean history. In January 1990, the DJP merged with other two opposition parties, leaving the Kim Dae-jung-led Peace Democratic Party to be the sole opposition party.

## Electoral system

Of the 299 seats, 224 were elected in single-member districts via first-past-the-post voting, while the remainder were allocated via proportional representation at the national level among parties that won five or more seats in constituencies. One-half of those seats would be awarded to the top party (which was then eliminated from further consideration for national seats), with the remainder allocated based on vote share.

## Political parties

| Parties | | Leader | Ideology | Seats | | Status |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Last election | | | Before election ||
|  | Democratic Justice Party | Roh Tae-woo | Conservatism | 149 / 276 | 160 / 276 | Government |
|  | Reunification Democratic Party | Kim Myeong-yun | Liberalism | *Did not exist* | 50 / 276 | Opposition |
|  | Peace Democratic Party | Park Yeong-suk | | | 22 / 276 | Opposition |
|  | New Democratic Republican Party | Kim Jong-pil | Conservatism | | 9 / 276 | Opposition |
|  | Democratic Korea Party | Yu Chi-song | Liberalism | 59 / 276 | 0 / 276 | Opposition |
|  | New Korean Democratic Party | Shin Do-hwan | | 32 / 276 | 0 / 276 | Opposition |
|  | Korean National Party | Lee Man-sup | Conservatism | 25 / 276 | 0 / 276 | Opposition |
|  | New Socialist Party |  | Socialism | 1 / 276 | *Dissolved* | Opposition |
|  | New Democratic Party | Ryu Gap-jong | Liberalism | 1 / 276 | *Dissolved* | Opposition |

The governing Democratic Justice Party (DJP) had recently elected President Roh Tae-woo. While remaining the largest party, the DJP lost its absolute parliamentary majority. The party was hindered by a stronger opposition and the unpopularity of former party leader and President Chun Doo-hwan.

The opposition Peace Democratic Party led by veteran opposition leader Kim Dae-jung became the second largest party, winning more seats than another opposition Reunification Democratic Party (RDP). This was vindication for Kim Dae-jung, who came had come third in the 1987 South Korean presidential election. However, the election also showed the party's limitations, coming in as third place after DJP and RDP in popular vote and only winning seats in the Honam and Sudogwon, and nowhere outside of them.

For Kim Young-sam's Reunification Democratic Party the election was a major setback, winning third most seats in the parliament. This was after Kim had placed second in the first democratic presidential election, just ahead of Kim Dae-jung.

The New Democratic Republican Party (NDRP) led by former prime Minister Kim Jong-pil came a distant fourth. However, thanks to the failure of the DJP to win an absolute majority, the oppositions emerged as the major powerbrokers in the new National Assembly.

In January 1990, the DJP merged with the parties of Kim Young-sam and Kim Jong-pil to form the Democratic Liberal Party, with the former becoming its nominee in the 1992 presidential elections.

There were 224 constituency seats and 75 at large seats elected from lists in proportion to parties' share of constituency seats.

## Results

|  | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Votes | % | Seats | | | | |
| | FPTP | | | List | Total | +/– |
|  | Democratic Justice Party | 6,670,494 | 33.96 | 87 | 38 | 125 | –23 |
|  | Reunification Democratic Party | 4,680,175 | 23.83 | 46 | 13 | 59 | New |
|  | Peace Democratic Party | 3,783,279 | 19.26 | 54 | 16 | 70 | New |
|  | New Democratic Republican Party | 3,062,506 | 15.59 | 27 | 8 | 35 | New |
|  | Hankyoreh Democratic Party | 251,236 | 1.28 | 1 | 0 | 1 | New |
|  | People's Party | 65,650 | 0.33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | New |
|  | Korean National Party | 65,032 | 0.33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | –20 |
|  | New Korean Democratic Party | 46,877 | 0.24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | –67 |
|  | Democratic Korea Party | 32,799 | 0.17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | –35 |
|  | Korean Justice Party | 25,433 | 0.13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | New |
|  | The Third Generation Party | 16,148 | 0.08 | 0 | 0 | 0 | New |
|  | Hanist Reunification Korean Party | 3,736 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | New |
|  | Unificational Socialist Party | 3,267 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | New |
|  | Christian Holy People's Party | 2,247 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | New |
|  | Independents | 933,161 | 4.75 | 9 | 0 | 9 | +5 |
| Total | | 19,642,040 | 100.00 | 224 | 75 | 299 | +23 |
|  | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 19,642,040 | 98.95 |  | | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 208,775 | 1.05 |  | | | |
| Total votes | | 19,850,815 | 100.00 |  | | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 26,198,205 | 75.77 |  | | | |
| Source: IPU, Nohlen *et al*. | | | | | | | |

### By city/province

| Region | Total
seats | Seats won | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | DJP | PDP | RDP | NDRP | HDP | Ind. |
| | |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Seoul | 42 | 10 | 17 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
| Busan | 15 | 1 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Daegu | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Incheon | 7 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Gwangju | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Gyeonggi | 28 | 16 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 1 |
| Gangwon | 14 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| North Chungcheong | 9 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| South Chungcheong | 18 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 0 | 1 |
| North Jeolla | 14 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| South Jeolla | 18 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| North Gyeongsang | 21 | 17 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| South Gyeongsang | 22 | 12 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Jeju | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Constituency total | 224 | 87 | 54 | 46 | 27 | 1 | 9 |
| PR list | 75 | 38 | 16 | 13 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 299 | 125 | 70 | 59 | 35 | 1 | 9 |

## InfoBox

1988 South Korean legislative election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  All 299 seats to the National Assembly
150 seats needed for a majority | |
| Turnout | 75.77% (8.80pp) |
| Majority party Minority party   Leader Roh Tae-woo Park Yeong-suk  Party Democratic Justice Peace Democratic  Last election 148 seats *Did not exist*  Seats won **125** 70  Seat change  23 *New*  Popular vote **6,670,494** 3,783,279  Percentage **33.96%** 19.26%  Swing  1.29pp *New*   ---  Third party Fourth party   Leader Kim Myeong-yun Kim Jong-pil  Party Reunification Democratic New Democratic Republican  Last election *Did not exist* *Did not exist*  Seats won 59 35  Seat change *New* *New*  Popular vote 4,680,175 3,062,506  Percentage 23.83% 15.59%  Swing *New* *New* | |
| ---  **Speaker before election**
Lee Jae-hyung
Democratic Justice **Elected Speaker**
Kim Jae-soon
Democratic Justice | |


title: Arazbar

abstract: Arazbar is a village and municipality in the Aghjabadi Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,279.

text:
# Arazbar

**Arazbar** (also, **Arasbar**, **Arazbarı**, **Araspar**, **Arasparlu**, and **Arazbary**) is a village and municipality in the Aghjabadi Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,279.

## InfoBox

| Arazbar | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| ArazbarArazbar | |
| Coordinates: 39°59′06″N 47°08′41″E / 39.98500°N 47.14472°E / 39.98500; 47.14472 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Rayon | Aghjabadi |
| Population | |
| Total | 1,279 |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) |


title: Arctacaridae

abstract: Arctacaridae is a small family of mites in the order Mesostigmata. These mites were discovered and described by Evans in 1955 in the arctic regions of North America.

text:
# Arctacaridae

**Arctacaridae** is a small family of mites in the order Mesostigmata. These mites were discovered and described by Evans in 1955 in the arctic regions of North America.

## Species

Arctacaridae contains two genera, with six recognized species:

## InfoBox

| Arctacaridae | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Mesostigmata |
| Infraorder: | Gamasina |
| Family: | Arctacaridae<br>Evans, 1955 |
|


title: Arctagrostis

abstract:
Arctagrostis is a genus of Arctic and Subarctic plants in the grass family, native to colder parts of Europe, Asia, and North America.
  - Species
  - Arctagrostis arundinacea (Trin.) Beal - Siberia, Russian Far East, Alaska including Aleutians, Yukon, Northwest Territories, Alberta, British Columbia
  - Arctagrostis latifolia (R.Br.) Griseb. - Finland, Norway, Svalbard, European + Asiatic Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Alaska, Greenland, Canada
  - formerly included see Dupontia
  - Arctagrostis humilis - Dupontia fisheri

text:
# Arctagrostis

***Arctagrostis*** is a genus of Arctic and Subarctic plants in the grass family, native to colder parts of Europe, Asia, and North America.

Species formerly included

see *Dupontia*

## InfoBox

| *Arctagrostis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Arctagrostis latifolia* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Pooideae |
| Supertribe: | Poodae |
| Tribe: | Poeae |
| Genus: | *Arctagrostis*
Griseb., 1852 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Arctagrostis latifolia*
(R.Br.) Griseb. | |


title: Argulus coregoni

abstract: The carp louse Argulus coregoni is an obligate ectoparasitic branciuran species on fish. It occurs in China and Japan, and Scandinavia. Argulus coregoni can pose a threat to fish kept in fish farms.

text:
# Argulus coregoni

The carp louse ***Argulus coregoni*** is an obligate ectoparasitic branciuran species on fish. It occurs in China and Japan, and Scandinavia. *Argulus coregoni* can pose a threat to fish kept in fish farms.

## Life cycle

*Argulus coregoni* has a direct life cycle, meaning that the parasite is transmitted between individuals of the same host species without an intermediate host. At Northern latitudes, adults do not survive winter, but only the eggs attached to rocks survive throughout the winter. Egg hatching occurs in May once water temperatures exceed 10 °C. From the eggs, metanauplii emerge which actively search for a fish host to feed on. These can survive up to two days without finding a host. One or two generations can be completed each year, depending on environmental conditions. This means that infection rates of host typically reach their peak during the summer months. Females start laying eggs from July until the end of summer.

Although some differences are seen in the development between males and females, the adults generally have the same size 9–12 mm (0.4–0.5 in). This is in contrast with other dioecious crustacean species The sex ratio — the ratio between males and females in the population — is generally close to 1:1, as expected for sexually reproducing species under Fisher's principle. Both sexes can detach from the host and find alternative hosts. However, this behaviour is more common in males as they can also switch between hosts to search for mates.

## Host species

*Argulus coregoni* mainly infect salmonids, such as rainbow trout and brook trout. It is, however, also able to infect other species of fish, such sweet fish. This is supported by evidence that larvae can successfully develop on both salmonids and cyprinids, but developmental rate and reproductive output on the latter host group is reduced.

In choice experiments it shows increased host preference with maturation, this likely reflects the better development on its normal salmonid hosts.

## Distribution

In Japan *A. coregoni* has shown a geographical expansion over recent years.

### On the host

*Argulus coregoni* aggregate on specific parts of their hosts. The prefer attaching near the fins, in particular the pectoral and pelvic fins. Larger individuals are found towards the head of the host, but not on the head. To move from one host to another it can swim freely in water column. Adults can survive up to two weeks without feeding on a fish host.

*Argulus coregoni* attaches itself to the host with suckers (maxillae) and hooks. The latter are abundant on the underside of the body. The suckers are used to tear the host skin. *A. coregoni* feed on the blood and mucus from the resulting wound.

They bury their bodies into the scale pockets and their flattened body shape allows them to sit closely against the body of the host, minimising drag and the risk of detachment. The eggs of gravid females protrude from the fish scales.

### In the host population

Like many ectoparasites, *A. coregoni* shows aggregation within the host population. This means that some host individuals carry many parasites, but that most only carry a few. This appears to be due to differences in exposure rather than in susceptibility. Indeed, it appears that host behaviour plays an important role in exposure and that certain hos behaviours make them more susceptible to infections.

## Symptoms

Infected fish can show a range of symptoms, especially at heavier infections. The symptoms include scales peeling off, red spots at the site of infection, and reduced growth rates. Fish can become weak, but *Argulus coregoni* does normally not cause host mortality. In coinfections it can, however, increase host mortality in some host species. *Argulus coregoni* infections do not lead to threats to natural fish populations. In fish farms the infections may case problems due to the lack of natural predators of the parasites, and the high density of fish.

## InfoBox

| *Argulus coregoni* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Ichthyostraca |
| Order: | Arguloida |
| Family: | Argulidae |
| Genus: | *Argulus* |
| Species: | ***A. coregoni*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Argulus coregoni***<br>Thorell, 1865 | |
|