title: 1996 Catalan motorcycle Grand Prix

abstract: The 1996 Catalan motorcycle Grand Prix was the thirteenth round of the 1996 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 15 September 1996 at the Circuit de Catalunya.

text:
# 1996 Catalan motorcycle Grand Prix

The **1996 Catalan motorcycle Grand Prix** was the thirteenth round of the 1996 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 15 September 1996 at the Circuit de Catalunya.

## 500 cc classification

| Pos. | Rider | Team | Manufacturer | Time/Retired | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Carlos Checa** | **Fortuna Honda Pons** | **Honda** | 44:56.885 | **25** |
| 2 | **Mick Doohan** | **Team Repsol Honda** | **Honda** | +6.591 | **20** |
| 3 | **Àlex Crivillé** | **Team Repsol Honda** | **Honda** | +6.640 | **16** |
| 4 | **Luca Cadalora** | **Kanemoto Honda** | **Honda** | +7.048 | **13** |
| 5 | **Tadayuki Okada** | **Team Repsol Honda** | **Honda** | +7.129 | **11** |
| 6 | **Shinichi Itoh** | **Team Repsol Honda** | **Honda** | +21.867 | **10** |
| 7 | **Alberto Puig** | **Fortuna Honda Pons** | **Honda** | +25.939 | **9** |
| 8 | **Alex Barros** | **Honda Pileri** | **Honda** | +26.875 | **8** |
| 9 | **Loris Capirossi** | **Marlboro Yamaha Roberts** | **Yamaha** | +27.105 | **7** |
| 10 | **Norifumi Abe** | **Marlboro Yamaha Roberts** | **Yamaha** | +58.628 | **6** |
| 11 | **Scott Russell** | **Lucky Strike Suzuki** | **Suzuki** | +1:02.111 | **5** |
| 12 | **Jeremy McWilliams** | **QUB Team Optimum** | **ROC Yamaha** | +1:25.019 | **4** |
| 13 | **Frederic Protat** | **Soverex FP Racing** | **ROC Yamaha** | +1:39.079 | **3** |
| 14 | **Paul Young** | **Padgett's Racing Team** | **Harris Yamaha** | +1 Lap | **2** |
| 15 | **Chris Walker** | **Elf 500 ROC** | **Elf 500** | +1 Lap | **1** |
| Ret | Lucio Pedercini | Team Pedercini | ROC Yamaha | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Eugene McManus | Millar Racing | Yamaha | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Andrew Stroud | World Championship Motorsports | ROC Yamaha | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Jean-Michel Bayle | Marlboro Yamaha Roberts | Yamaha | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Juan Borja | Elf 500 ROC | Elf 500 | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Kenny Roberts Jr. | Marlboro Yamaha Roberts | Yamaha | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Adrien Bosshard | Elf 500 ROC | ROC Yamaha | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Sean Emmett | Harris Grand Prix | Harris Yamaha | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Daryl Beattie | Lucky Strike Suzuki | Suzuki | Retirement |  |
| DNS | Doriano Romboni | IP Aprilia Racing Team | Aprilia | Did not start |  |
| DNS | Jean Pierre Jeandat | Team Paton | Paton | Did not start |  |
| Sources: | | | | | | | |

## 250 cc classification

| Pos | Rider | Manufacturer | Time/Retired | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Max Biaggi** | **Aprilia** | 42:03.123 | **25** |
| 2 | **Olivier Jacque** | **Honda** | +10.188 | **20** |
| 3 | **Ralf Waldmann** | **Honda** | +13.476 | **16** |
| 4 | **Tohru Ukawa** | **Honda** | +14.291 | **13** |
| 5 | **Jürgen Fuchs** | **Honda** | +14.433 | **11** |
| 6 | **Marcellino Lucchi** | **Aprilia** | +18.269 | **10** |
| 7 | **Nobuatsu Aoki** | **Honda** | +25.600 | **9** |
| 8 | **Cristiano Migliorati** | **Honda** | +34.269 | **8** |
| 9 | **Eskil Suter** | **Aprilia** | +38.493 | **7** |
| 10 | **Regis Laconi** | **Honda** | +40.120 | **6** |
| 11 | **Takeshi Tsujimura** | **Honda** | +40.150 | **5** |
| 12 | **Sebastian Porto** | **Aprilia** | +46.555 | **4** |
| 13 | **Luis d'Antin** | **Honda** | +48.011 | **3** |
| 14 | **Jurgen vd Goorbergh** | **Honda** | +49.391 | **2** |
| 15 | **Osamu Miyazaki** | **Aprilia** | +53.953 | **1** |
| 16 | Gianluigi Scalvini | Honda | +54.143 |  |
| 17 | Davide Bulega | Aprilia | +54.369 |  |
| 18 | Luca Boscoscuro | Aprilia | +54.621 |  |
| 19 | Alessandro Antonello | Aprilia | +1:08.015 |  |
| 20 | Francisco Riquelme | Honda | +1 Lap |  |
| 21 | Ismael Bonilla | Honda | +1 Lap |  |
| 22 | Vicente Esparragoso | Honda | +1 Lap |  |
| Ret | José Luis Cardoso | Aprilia | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Jamie Robinson | Aprilia | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Olivier Petrucciani | Aprilia | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Cristophe Cogan | Honda | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Miguel Tey | Honda | Retirement |  |
| Ret | José Barresi | Yamaha | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Franco Battaini | Honda | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Jean-Philippe Ruggia | Honda | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Christian Boudinot | Aprilia | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Sete Gibernau | Yamaha | Retirement |  |

## 125 cc classification

| Pos | Rider | Manufacturer | Time/Retired | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Tomomi Manako** | **Honda** | 42:26.228 | **25** |
| 2 | **Garry McCoy** | **Aprilia** | +1.190 | **20** |
| 3 | **Kazuto Sakata** | **Aprilia** | +6.606 | **16** |
| 4 | **Emilio Alzamora** | **Honda** | +6.754 | **13** |
| 5 | **Haruchika Aoki** | **Honda** | +6.920 | **11** |
| 6 | **Youichi Ui** | **Yamaha** | +6.962 | **10** |
| 7 | **Yoshiaki Katoh** | **Honda** | +6.998 | **9** |
| 8 | **Jorge Martinez** | **Honda** | +7.244 | **8** |
| 9 | **Ivan Goi** | **Honda** | +8.828 | **7** |
| 10 | **Dirk Raudies** | **Honda** | +13.303 | **6** |
| 11 | **Noboru Ueda** | **Honda** | +17.744 | **5** |
| 12 | **Herri Torrontegui** | **Honda** | +19.034 | **4** |
| 13 | **Jaroslav Hules** | **Honda** | +39.015 | **3** |
| 14 | **Mirko Giansanti** | **Honda** | +40.142 | **2** |
| 15 | **Gabriele Debbia** | **Yamaha** | +40.194 | **1** |
| 16 | Angel Nieto Jr | Aprilia | +49.499 |  |
| 17 | Daniel Ribalta | Honda | +58.692 |  |
| 18 | David García | Honda | +1:15.975 |  |
| Ret | Manfred Geissler | Aprilia | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Darren Barton | Aprilia | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Stefano Perugini | Aprilia | Retirement |  |
| Ret | José Antonio Ramirez | Honda | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Enrique Maturana | Yamaha | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Frederic Petit | Honda | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Masaki Tokudome | Aprilia | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Valentino Rossi | Aprilia | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Loek Bodelier | Honda | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Josep Sarda | Honda | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Lucio Cecchinello | Honda | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Akira Saito | Honda | Retirement |  |
| Ret | Peter Öttl | Aprilia | Retirement |  |

## InfoBox

1996 Catalan Grand Prix
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Race 13 of 15 races in the<br>1996 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season | |
|  | |
| Date | 15 September 1996 |
| Official name | Gran Premi Marlboro de Catalunya |
| Location | Circuit de Catalunya |
| Course | * Permanent racing facility * 4.727 km (2.937 mi) |
| 500cc | |
| Pole position  Rider  Mick Doohan  Time  1:46.201  Fastest lap  Rider  Carlos Checa  Time  1:47.183  Podium  First  Carlos Checa  Second  Mick Doohan  Third  Àlex Crivillé | |
| 250cc | |
| Pole position  Rider  Max Biaggi  Time  1:47.757  Fastest lap  Rider  Max Biaggi  Time  1:48.490  Podium  First  Max Biaggi  Second  Olivier Jacque  Third  Ralf Waldmann | |
| 125cc | |
| Pole position  Rider  Youichi Ui  Time  1:54.536  Fastest lap  Rider  Tomomi Manako  Time  1:54.307  Podium  First  Tomomi Manako  Second  Garry McCoy  Third  Kazuto Sakata | |


title: Epierus mehicanus

abstract: Epierus mehicanus is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae. It is found in Central America.

text:
# Epierus mehicanus

***Epierus mehicanus*** is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae. It is found in Central America.

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2015). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 2: Hydrophiloidea - Staphylinoidea*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-29685-5.

## InfoBox

| *Epierus mehicanus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Histeridae |
| Genus: | *Epierus* |
| Species: | ***E. mehicanus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Epierus mehicanus***<br>J. E. LeConte, 1860 | |
|


title: Eocallionymus

abstract: The painted stinkfish or painted dragonet is a species of dragonet endemic to the Indian Ocean coasts of Australia and Tasmania where it is found at a depth of about 50 metres (160 ft). This species grows to a length of 10 centimetres (3.9 in) TL. This species is the only known member of its genus.

text:
# Eocallionymus

The **painted stinkfish** or **painted dragonet** (*Eocallionymus papilio*) is a species of dragonet endemic to the Indian Ocean coasts of Australia and Tasmania where it is found at a depth of about 50 metres (160 ft). This species grows to a length of 10 centimetres (3.9 in) TL. This species is the only known member of its genus.

## InfoBox

| *Eocallionymus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Callionymiformes |
| Family: | Callionymidae |
| Genus: | *Eocallionymus*
Nakabo, 1982 |
| Species: | ***E. papilio*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eocallionymus papilio***
(Günther, 1864) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Callionymus papilio* Günther, 1864 | |


title: Eocambrian

abstract: Eocambrian is a loosely used, imprecisely defined term referring to the latest (youngest) portion of time in the Precambrian Eon or to the uppermost Precambrian sediments which were continuously deposited across the Precambrian–Cambrian time boundary. While the term had some usage in older literature, it does not appear on the official International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) time scale nor in the American Geosciences Institute (AGI) Glossary of Geology.

text:
# Eocambrian

**Eocambrian** is a loosely used, imprecisely defined term referring to the latest (youngest) portion of time in the Precambrian Eon or to the uppermost Precambrian sediments which were continuously deposited across the Precambrian–Cambrian time boundary.

While the term had some usage in older literature, it does not appear on the official International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) time scale nor in the American Geosciences Institute (AGI) Glossary of Geology.


title: Eocarcinosoma

abstract: Eocarcinosoma is a genus of eurypterid, an extinct group of aquatic arthropods. The type and only species of Eocarcinosoma, E. batrachophthalmus, is known from deposits of Late Ordovician age in the United States. The generic name is derived from the related genus Carcinosoma, and the Greek eós (ἠώς) meaning 'dawn', referring to the earlier age of the genus compared to other carcinosomatid eurypterids. Eocarcinosoma is known only from a single specimen, a well-preserved small prosoma (head). In life it would have been a very small eurypterid, given that the head measures just 2.05 centimetres (0.8 in) in length. The main distinguishing features from other carcinosomatids were the eyes being placed on the margins of the carapace and the head being more triangular in shape than in its later relatives. Although initially believed to be an adult given the relatively small size of the eyes, some researchers believe Eocarcinosoma to represent a juvenile specimen of the eurypterid Megalograptus.

text:
# Eocarcinosoma

***Eocarcinosoma*** is a genus of eurypterid, an extinct group of aquatic arthropods. The type and only species of *Eocarcinosoma*, *E. batrachophthalmus*, is known from deposits of Late Ordovician age in the United States. The generic name is derived from the related genus *Carcinosoma*, and the Greek *eós* (ἠώς) meaning 'dawn', referring to the earlier age of the genus compared to other carcinosomatid eurypterids.

*Eocarcinosoma* is known only from a single specimen, a well-preserved small prosoma (head). In life it would have been a very small eurypterid, given that the head measures just 2.05 centimetres (0.8 in) in length. The main distinguishing features from other carcinosomatids were the eyes being placed on the margins of the carapace (head plate) and the head being more triangular in shape than in its later relatives. Although initially believed to be an adult given the relatively small size of the eyes, some researchers believe *Eocarcinosoma* to represent a juvenile specimen of the eurypterid *Megalograptus*.

## Description

*Eocarcinosoma* was a small carcinosomatid eurypterid. Although size estimates of *E. batrachophthalmus* being as small as 3 centimetres (1.2 in) in length have been published, these are impossible given that the carapace (head plate) of the type specimen measures 2.05 centimetres (0.8 in) in length and is 2.42 centimetres (0.95 in) wide at its widest point.

The carapace of *Eocarcinosoma* was broadly triangular in shape, slightly wider than it was long. The triangular shape, combined with a downward bend of the frontal margins of the carapace, might have been adaptations towards digging. The compound eyes of *Eocarcinosoma*, which measured 3.7 millimetres (0.15 in) long and 1.5 millimetres (0.06 in) wide were prominent and roughly reniform (shaped like beans or kidneys), and located on the margin of the carapace. Slightly behind the eyes and placed in the centre of the carapace were the ocelli (light-sensitive simple eyes), which were raised on a small and rounded ocellar mound.

*Eocarcinosoma* can be distinguished from other carcinosomatids, such as *Carcinosoma* and *Eusarcana*, by its marginally placed and kidney-shaped compound eyes and its head shape being more triangular than those of its relatives. Unlike later carcinosomatids, the carapace of *Eocarcinosoma* also apparently lacked any ormanentation of scales.

## History of research

*Eocarcinosoma batrachophthalmus* was described in 1964 by Kenneth E. Caster and Erik N. Kjellesvig-Waering, based on a well-preserved prosoma (head) from Ashgillian-age (Late Ordovician) deposits alongside the Ohio River road (U.S. Route 52), approximately 14.5 kilometres (9 miles) north of Manchester, Ohio. The fossil location is the same as the type locality of the eurypterid *Megalograptus ohioensis*. The specimen was referred to the Carcinosomatidae by Caster and Kjellesvig-Waering without explanation, and named as a distinct genus and species on account of the features separating it from other carcinosomatids. The name *Eocarcinosoma* is derived from the Greek word *eós* (ἠώς) meaning 'dawn', and the related genus *Carcinosoma*. The type specimen, consisting of a part and counterpart (the two matching halves of a compression fossil) and given the designation 24147 A and B, was deposited to the Geological Museum of the University of Cincinnati.

Caster and Kjellesvig-Waering also suggested that three other Ordovician carcinosomatid eurypterid species from New York State, previously referred to the genus *Eusarcus* (a synonym of *Eusarcana*) – *E*. *breviceps*, *E*. *ruedemanni* and *E. triangulatus* – could be referred to *Eocarcinosoma*. These species, noted by Caster and Kjellesvig-Waering as being based on poorly preserved fossil material, were deemed to be based on pseudofossils, and thus invalid, by Victor P. Tollerton in 2003, an assessment retained by later researchers. The only species of *Eocarcinosoma* presently considered valid is the type species, *E. batrachophthalmus*.

Although Kjellesvig-Waering noted in 1964 that the small eyes of the type specimen indicates that it was an adult, the possibility that the specimen represented a juvenile *Megalograptus* was noted in 2004 by Simon J. Braddy, Victor P. Tollerton, Patrick R. Racheboeuf and Roger Schallreuter. Though the genus was provisionally accepted as reliable, the authors wrote that the specimen required restudy. The possibility that it may be a juvenile *Megalograptus* was again mentioned by James C. Lamsdell and Braddy in a 2009 study.

## Classification

*Rhinocarcinosoma* is classified as part of the family Carcinosomatidae, a family within the superfamily Carcinosomatoidea, alongside the genera *Carcinosoma*, *Rhinocarcinosoma*, *Eusarcana* and possibly *Holmipterus*. *Eocarcinosoma* is typically excluded from phylogenetic analyses due to being based only on a small carapace. The cladogram below follows a 1983 cladogram by Roy E. Plotnick, simplified to only display the Carcinosomatoidea.

## Palaeoecology

Carcinosomatid eurypterids such as *Eocarcinosoma* were among the most marine eurypterids, with the fossil deposits that yielded *Eocarcinsoma* at one point having been a marginal marine (influenced by both salt and fresh water, such as a lagoon or delta) environment. The *Eocarcinosoma* type specimen was found alongside hundreds of specimens, most fragmentary, of the larger eurypterid *Megalograptus ohioensis*. Also present were species of trilobites and scolecodonts.

1. Caster, Kenneth E.; Kjellesvig-Waering, Erik N. (1964). "Upper Ordovician eurypterids of Ohio". *Paleontological Research Institution*. **4**.
2. Lamsdell, James C.; Braddy, Simon J. (2009). "Cope's rule and Romer's theory: patterns of diversity and gigantism in eurypterids and Palaeozoic vertebrates". *Biology Letters*. **6** (2): 265–9. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0700. PMC 2865068. PMID 19828493. Supplemental information.
3. Clarke, John M.; Ruedemann, Rudolf (1912). *The Eurypterida of New York*. University of California Libraries. ISBN 978-1125460221.
4. Braddy, Simon J.; Tollerton, Victor P.; Racheboeuf, Patrick R.; Schallreuter, Roger (2004). *25. Eurypterids, Phyllocarids, and Ostracodes*. Columbia University Press. doi:10.7312/webb12678-026. ISBN 978-0-231-50163-7.
5. Liddell, Henry George and Robert Scott (1980). *A Greek-English Lexicon* (Abridged ed.). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-910207-4.
6. Tollerton, Victor P. (2003). "Summary of a revision of New York State Ordovician eurypterids: implications for eurypterid palaeoecology, diversity and evolution". *Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh*. **94** (3): 235. doi:10.1017/s0263593303000154. ISSN 0263-5933.
7. Dunlop, J. A.; Penney, D.; Jekel, D. (2015). "A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives (version 16.0)" (PDF). *World Spider Catalog*.
8. Dunlop, Jason A.; Lamsdell, James C. (2012). "Nomenclatural notes on the eurypterid family Carcinosomatidae". *Zoosystematics and Evolution*. **88** (1): 19–24. doi:10.1002/zoos.201200003. ISSN 1860-0743.
9. Lamsdell, James C.; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Liu, Huaibao P.; Witzke, Brian J.; McKay, Robert M. (2015-09-01). "The oldest described eurypterid: a giant Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) megalograptid from the Winneshiek Lagerstätte of Iowa". *BMC Evolutionary Biology*. **15** (1): 169. doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0443-9. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 4556007. PMID 26324341.
10. Lamsdell, James C.; Selden, Paul A. (2017). "From success to persistence: Identifying an evolutionary regime shift in the diverse Paleozoic aquatic arthropod group Eurypterida, driven by the Devonian biotic crisis". *Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution*. **71** (1): 95–110. doi:10.1111/evo.13106. ISSN 1558-5646. PMID 27783385. S2CID 42573178.
11. Tetlie, Odd Erik (2004). *Eurypterid phylogeny with remarks on the origin of arachnids* (PhD). University of Bristol. pp. 1–344. Archived from the original on 2021-07-30. Retrieved 2021-07-31. (password-protected)
12. Thanh, Tống Duy; Janvier, P.; Truong, Đoàn Nhật; Braddy, Simon (1994). "New vertebrate remains associated with Eurypterids from the Devonian Do Son Formation Vietnam". *Journal of Geology*. **3–4**: 1–11.

## InfoBox

| *Eocarcinosoma*
Temporal range: Ashgillian,
 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Illustration of the carapace of *E. batrachophthalmus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Order: | Eurypterida |
| Superfamily: | Carcinosomatoidea |
| Family: | Carcinosomatidae |
| Genus: | *Eocarcinosoma*
Caster & Kjellesvig-Waering, 1964 |
| Species: | ***E. batrachophthalmus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eocarcinosoma batrachophthalmus***
Caster & Kjellesvig-Waering, 1964 | |
|


title: 1994 Edmonton Eskimos season

abstract: The 1994 Edmonton Eskimos season was the 37th season for the team in the Canadian Football League and their 46th overall. The Eskimos finished in second place in the West Division with a 13–5 record. However, they were upset in the 1994 West Semi-Final against the eventual Grey Cup Champion BC Lions.

text:
# 1994 Edmonton Eskimos season

The **1994 Edmonton Eskimos season** was the 37th season for the team in the Canadian Football League and their 46th overall. The Eskimos finished in second place in the West Division with a 13–5 record. However, they were upset in the 1994 West Semi-Final against the eventual Grey Cup Champion BC Lions.

## Offseason

### CFL draft

| Rd | Pick | Player | Position | School |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 13 | Rob Wessling | T | Guelph |
| 2 | 21 | Pat McNerney | TE/OL | Weber State |
| 3 | 29 | Darryl Fridd | DL | Alberta |
| 4 | 36 | Brad Zacharias | TB | Acadia |
| 5 | 43 | Stephen Day | LB | Alberta |

## Preseason

### Schedule

| Game | Date | Opponent | Results | | Venue | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Score | Record | | |
| A | Wed, June 22 | vs Saskatchewan Roughriders | W 38–22 | 1–0 | Commonwealth Stadium | 35,901 |
| B | Wed, June 29 | at Las Vegas Posse | L 11–22 | 1–1 | Sam Boyd Stadium | 6,280 |

## Regular season

### Season standings

|  | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | GP | W | L | T | Pts | PF | PA | Div | Stk |  |
| **Calgary Stampeders** | 18 | 15 | 3 | 0 | 30 | 698 | 355 | 8–2 | W3 | *Details* |
| **Edmonton Eskimos** | 18 | 13 | 5 | 0 | 26 | 518 | 401 | 7–3 | W2 | *Details* |
| **BC Lions** | 18 | 11 | 6 | 1 | 23 | 604 | 456 | 5–4–1 | L1 | *Details* |
| **Saskatchewan Roughriders** | 18 | 11 | 7 | 0 | 22 | 512 | 454 | 4–6 | W4 | *Details* |
| Sacramento Gold Miners | 18 | 9 | 8 | 1 | 19 | 436 | 436 | 3–6–1 | W1 | *Details* |
| Las Vegas Posse | 18 | 5 | 13 | 0 | 10 | 447 | 622 | 2–8 | L6 | *Details* |

### Season schedule

| Week | Game | Date | Opponent | Results | | Venue | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Score | Record | | |
| 1 | 1 | Sat, July 9 | vs. Hamilton Tiger-Cats | W 26–11 | 1–0 | Commonwealth Stadium | 25,687 |
| 2 | 2 | Thu, July 13 | at Winnipeg Blue Bombers | L 35–50 | 1–1 | Winnipeg Stadium | 21,686 |
| 3 | 3 | Wed, July 20 | vs. Ottawa Rough Riders | W 23–21 | 2–1 | Commonwealth Stadium | 27,188 |
| 4 | 4 | Sat, July 30 | at Shreveport Pirates | W 24–10 | 3–1 | Independence Stadium | 17,434 |
| 5 | 5 | Thu, Aug 4 | vs. Saskatchewan Roughriders | W 42–23 | 4–1 | Commonwealth Stadium | 27,633 |
| 6 | 6 | Fri, Aug 12 | at Saskatchewan Roughriders | L 7–20 | 4–2 | Taylor Field | 24,548 |
| 7 | 7 | Thu, Aug 18 | at Sacramento Gold Miners | W 44–15 | 5–2 | Hornet Stadium | 13,959 |
| 8 | 8 | Thu, Aug 25 | vs. Las Vegas Posse | W 44–17 | 6–2 | Commonwealth Stadium | 28,559 |
| 9 | 9 | Mon, Sept 5 | at Calgary Stampeders | L 15–48 | 6–3 | McMahon Stadium | 37,317 |
| 10 | 10 | Fri, Sept 9 | vs. Calgary Stampeders | W 38–12 | 7–3 | Commonwealth Stadium | 51,180 |
| 11 | 11 | Sat, Sept 17 | at BC Lions | W 25–16 | 8–3 | BC Place | 34,929 |
| 12 | 12 | Sun, Sept 25 | vs. Toronto Argonauts | W 28–25 | 9–3 | Commonwealth Stadium | 24,132 |
| 13 | 13 | Fri, Sept 30 | vs. BC Lions | L 24–26 | 9–4 | Commonwealth Stadium | 23,187 |
| 14 | 14 | Sun, Oct 9 | at Hamilton Tiger-Cats | W 33–32 | 10–4 | Ivor Wynne Stadium | 14,402 |
| 15 | 15 | Sun, Oct 16 | vs. Baltimore CFLers | W 31–24 | 11–4 | Commonwealth Stadium | 31,918 |
| 16 | 16 | Sun, Oct 23 | at Toronto Argonauts | L 6–23 | 11–5 | SkyDome | 22,210 |
| 17 | 17 | Sat, Oct 29 | vs. Sacramento Gold Miners | W 22–16 | 12–5 | Commonwealth Stadium | 29,322 |
| 18 | 18 | Sat, Nov 5 | vs. Las Vegas Posse | W 51–10 | 13–5 | Commonwealth Stadium | 14,228 |

**Total attendance:** 268806

**Average attendance:** 29867

## Awards and records

### 1994 CFL All-Stars

### Defence

### Special teams

### Western All-Star selections

### Offence

### Defence

### Special teams

## Playoffs

### West Semi-final

| Team | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | Final |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| BC Lions | 7 | 13 | 0 | 4 | 24 |
| Edmonton Eskimos | 5 | 7 | 3 | 8 | 23 |

## InfoBox

| 1994 Edmonton Eskimos season | |
| --- | --- |
| General manager | Hugh Campbell |
| Head coach | Ron Lancaster |
| Home field | Commonwealth Stadium |
| Results | |
| Record | **13–5** |
| Division place | **2nd, West** |
| Playoff finish | **Lost West Semi-Final** |
| Uniform | |
|  | |
|


title: 1994 Edmonton municipal by-election

text:
# 1994 Edmonton municipal by-election

On January 20, 1994, residents of Edmonton's Ward 3 elected an alderman to replace Judy Bethel, who had resigned after being elected to the House of Commons of Canada. All candidates ran as independents.

## Results

(**bold** indicates elected, *italics* indicate incumbent)

| Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Sherry McKibben** | **2,098** | **20.07%** |
| Robert Noce | 1,660 | 15.88% |
| Bill Maxim | 1,563 | 14.95% |
| Riaz Choudhry | 1,194 | 11.42% |
| Joe Filewych | 1,091 | 10.44% |
| Terence Bachor | 717 | 6.86% |
| Margaret Stumbourg | 511 | 4.89% |
| Len McEwan | 398 | 3.81% |
| Terry Newborn | 329 | 3.15% |
| Mike Roppo | 216 | 2.07% |
| Marno Sekora | 148 | 1.42% |
| Paul Earley | 120 | 1.15% |
| Shawn Foran | 94 | 0.90% |
| Daryl Robb | 72 | 0.69% |
| Thomas Tomilson | 70 | 0.67% |
| Ernie Hagen | 60 | 0.57% |
| Charles Montalbetti | 60 | 0.57% |
| David McLean | 54 | 0.52% |

City of Edmonton: Edmonton Elections


abstract: The 1940 Western Reserve Red Cats football team represented the Western Reserve University, now known as Case Western Reserve University, during the 1940 college football season. The team was led by sixth-year head coach Bill Edwards, who was assisted by Gene Myslenski and Roy A. "Dugan" Miller. Notable players included Johnny Reis, Andy Logan, Stan Skoczen, Steve Belichick, Dom "Mickey" Sanzotta and Dick Booth. The season opener against the Akron officially opened their new Rubber Bowl. Western Reserve conclude the season with a win in the Sun Bowl over Arizona State. Western Reserve was ranked at No. 113 in the final rankings under the Litkenhous Difference by Score system for 1940.

text:
# 1940 Western Reserve Red Cats football team

The **1940 Western Reserve Red Cats football team** represented the Western Reserve University, now known as Case Western Reserve University, during the 1940 college football season. The team was led by sixth-year head coach Bill Edwards, who was assisted by Gene Myslenski and Roy A. "Dugan" Miller. Notable players included Johnny Reis, Andy Logan, Stan Skoczen , Steve Belichick, Dom "Mickey" Sanzotta and Dick Booth.

The season opener against the Akron officially opened their new Rubber Bowl. Western Reserve conclude the season with a win in the Sun Bowl over Arizona State.

Western Reserve was ranked at No. 113 (out of 697 college football teams) in the final rankings under the Litkenhous Difference by Score system for 1940.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| October 4 | at Akron* |  | W 6–0 | 17,472 |  |
| October 12 | at Dayton* |  | L 12–20 |  |  |
| October 19 | at Baldwin–Wallace |  | W 2–0 |  |  |
| October 26 | Miami (OH)* |  | W 47–6 |  |  |
| November 2 | Boston University* | * League Park * Cleveland, OH | W 19–0 |  |  |
| November 9 | Ohio* | * League Park * Cleveland, OH | W 6–0 | 9,000 |  |
| November 16 | at John Carroll | * League Park * Cleveland, OH | W 12–0 |  |  |
| November 21 | Case | * League Park * Cleveland, OH | W 15–14 | 15,000 |  |
| January 1 | vs. Arizona State* |  | W 26–13 | 12,000 |  |
| * \*Non-conference game | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1940 Western Reserve Red Cats football | |
| --- | --- |
| Big Four champion | |
| Sun Bowl, W 26–13 vs. Arizona State | |
| Conference | Big Four Conference |
| Record | 8–1 (3–0 Big Four) |
| Head coach |  |
| Home stadium | League Park |
|


title: Arctostaphylos bakeri

abstract: Arctostaphylos bakeri is a species of manzanita known by the common name Baker's manzanita. It is endemic to Sonoma County, California, where it grows in the chaparral and woodlands of the North Coast Ranges. It is sometimes a member of the serpentine soils flora.

text:
# Arctostaphylos bakeri

***Arctostaphylos bakeri*** is a species of manzanita known by the common name **Baker's manzanita**. It is endemic to Sonoma County, California, where it grows in the chaparral and woodlands of the North Coast Ranges. It is sometimes a member of the serpentine soils flora.

## Description

*Arctostaphylos bakeri* is a shrub growing one to three meters in height. Its smaller twigs are bristly and glandular or hairy to woolly. The dark green leaves are generally oval in shape and up to 3 centimeters long. They may be glandular, rough or fuzzy in texture, and dull or shiny in appearance.

The plentiful inflorescences hold crowded clusters of urn-shaped manzanita flowers. The fruit is a hairless drupe up to a centimeter wide.

## InfoBox

| *Arctostaphylos bakeri* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Imperiled  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Ericaceae |
| Genus: | *Arctostaphylos* |
| Species: | ***A. bakeri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Arctostaphylos bakeri***
Eastw. | |
|


title: Echo & Boo

abstract:
Echo & Boo, also known as The Adventures of Echo & Boo and Assorted Small Tails, is the fifth studio album by American progressive rock/AOR band Pavlov's Dog, released in 2010. It's the first album with new material since Lost in America, and includes two original Pavlov's Dog members: their long-standing frontman David Surkamp and drummer Mike Safron.
The album is dedicated to the band's original violinist Siegfried Carver who died in 2009. The album's cover depicts David Surkamp's father and uncle at a young age and the dog from Pavlov's Dog debut album Pampered Menial cover.

text:
# Echo & Boo

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Background Magazine |  |
| Classic Rock |  |
| DMME |  |
| Get Ready to ROCK! |  |
| Musik Reviews (in German) |  |
| Rock Hard (in German) |  |
| Rock Times (in German) | favorable |
| Rocking.gr (in Greek) | favorable |
| Rocktopia | favorable |
| Rockway (in Greek) | favorable |
| Stormbringer (in German) |  |
| The Great Rock Bible |  |
| Vintage Rock | favorable |

***Echo & Boo***, also known as ***The Adventures of Echo & Boo and Assorted Small Tails***, is the fifth studio album by American progressive rock/AOR band Pavlov's Dog, released in 2010.

It's the first album with new material since Lost in America, and includes two original Pavlov's Dog members: their long-standing frontman David Surkamp and drummer Mike Safron. The album is dedicated to the band's original violinist Siegfried Carver who died in 2009.

The album's cover depicts David Surkamp's father and uncle at a young age and the dog from Pavlov's Dog debut album Pampered Menial cover.

## Track listing

All tracks credited to David Surkamp except where noted.

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Angeline" | 4:35 |
| 2. | "Angel's Twilight Jump" | 5:17 |
| 3. | "I Love You Still" | 3:25 |
| 4. | "I Don't Do So Good Without You" | 5:18 |
| 5. | "Echo & Boo" | 4:28 |
| 6. | "The Death Of North American Industry Suite * "We Walk Alone Forever" – 2:06 * "Oh! Susanna" (Stephen Foster cover) – 1:00 * "We Walk Alone Forever Again" – 1:10 * "Ava Gardner's Bust" – 3:47" | 7:53 |
| 7. | "Calling Out For Mine" | 4:08 |
| 8. | "We All Die Alone" | 5:05 |
| 9. | "Jubilation" | 5:36 |
| 10. | "I Don't Need Magic Anymore" | 5:37 |
| Total length: | | 51:28 |

## Personnel

All information according to the album's liner notes

## InfoBox

| The Adventures of Echo & Boo and Assorted Small Tails | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Pavlov's Dog | |
| Released | October 8, 2010 |
| Studio | Pan Galactic Studios, St. Louis |
| Genre | Progressive rock, art rock |
| Length | 51:28 |
| Label | Rockville Music |
| Producer | David Surkamp, Sara Surkamp |
| Pavlov's Dog chronology | |
| *Has Anyone Here Seen Sigfried?*
(2007) ***The Adventures of Echo & Boo and Assorted Small Tails***
(2010) *Live and Unleashed*
(2011) | |
|  | |
| Audio sample | |
| "Angeline" | |
|  | |


title: Anna Kennedy

abstract: Anna Kennedy is a disability/ neurodiversity campaigner who has worked to provide improved education and other services and support for children and adults described as being on the autism spectrum as well as other neurodiverse conditions. In pursuing these activities she has helped establish two schools, a college, a respite home and a website with over 100,000 international followers. Kennedy was given an OBE Award by Queen Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace in 2012 for her services. Kennedy is the special education correspondent of the psychology website Psychreg. She speaks fluent Italian.

text:
# Anna Kennedy

**Anna Kennedy** (born 12 March 1960) is a disability/ neurodiversity campaigner who has worked to provide improved education and other services and support for children and adults described as being on the autism spectrum as well as other neurodiverse conditions. In pursuing these activities she has (among other things) helped establish two schools, a college, a respite home and a website with over 100,000 international followers.

Kennedy was given an OBE (Royal Reward for Inspirational Mother) Award by Queen Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace in 2012 for her services. Kennedy is the special education correspondent of the psychology website Psychreg. She speaks fluent Italian.

## Early life

Born in Middlesbrough to Maria and Antonino Sammarone, she studied at Sacred Heart School Middlesbrough. Before leaving for Italy, she had set up a dance school, which was owned and run by her for a number of years. She married Sean Kennedy who has been given a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome. Sean is practicing barrister and is also from Middlesbrough from a working class Irish-catholic background. They have two sons, Patrick and Angelo; when the boys reached school age, Anna Kennedy discovered that they are autistic.

It was difficult for Anna and Sean to find a suitable education for their eight-year-old; they started a support group in their home, which grew rapidly and was joined by 275 families. They remortgaged their house to raise funds to open a school with special educational needs for their children.

## Hillingdon Manor School

Anna and her husband prepared a feasibility report to convert a local school, which was apparently due to be demolished, into a school for autistic children and young people. Volunteers were also coming out to help them, including carpenters, electricians and painters. Anna also approached the probation service for volunteers to come and help. Hillingdon Manor School for autistic children opened in 1999, with only 19 pupils. Initially, this school had places for 14 children, later increased to 63 places by 2002. The funding for places by the local authority was based upon the condition that parents of autistic children select this school as a suitable place for their special children's needs. Anna Kennedy stood down from all school management in May 2013 leaving this to others. She now focuses exclusively on her charitable work.

## Online presence

She has more than 100,000 online followers through her website including the parents of autistic children, professionals, media and those who are concerned with Autism. She is constantly creating awareness about Autism and making efforts to raise funds to continue their work.

Kennedy is committed to inclusion and empowerment. A very popular part of what the charity does is offer free online legal seminars using fully qualified, practicing lawyers; these workshops are generally applicable autism and indeed all disabilities, their objective being to make what in legal terms appears complicated look simple

## Training

Anna also provides training for the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) and Child line with regards to the disability bullying issue and create awareness about autism all over the UK.

## *Not Stupid*

In 2009, Anna wrote a book named, Not Stupid which was about the struggle she had to set up the school for her kids. Based on the story of a mother who fights to rescue the lives of her children from autism this bestselling biography is available on Amazon.

## DVD

A fitness DVD, 'Step in The Right Direction' was a groundbreaking project which features a dance DVD, offering a clear picture of Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC). It has been launched in Birmingham at the British Institute of Learning Disabilities Conference.

## Daisy Chain

Anna accepted a role as Patron in a bid to boost the profile of a charity called the Daisy Chain Charity which helps support families with autistic children. She has visited Calf Fallow farm, the home of Daisy Chain, to meet staff and see for herself the work being done there.

"This is really very good, I am very impressed," she said afterwards. *The space available here is fantastic and just what is needed as we move forward and develop the services Daisy Chain provides. I am really excited about coming on board at this stage of development."*

## Autism Got Talent

It was the first talent show organised by Anna on 12 May 2012. In this show, autistic children and adults performed on the stage at London's Mermaid Theatre. A performance from James Hobley, an autistic dancer, was also included in this show who had appeared on Britain's Got Talent.

## Other activities

During Autism Awareness Month, April 2013, the Anti-Bullying Alliance and Anna launched their 'Give Us a Break' campaign. This campaign aimed to raise awareness about the bullying of autistic children in school and colleges, particularly during break times, highlighted the need for autistic children to feel safe by providing them opportunities to indulge in positive activities and to encourage schools and colleges to share the ways they can improve their social skills and keep them safe too.

She highlighted the activities that can keep children from bullying during lunch times. She also emphasised that there should be a strong communication between the parents and school which comes up with a 24-hour curriculum for the children to get a better idea about their behaviour all day and to prevent them getting mixed messages by parents and teachers.

In 2001, Anna also set up a community college for adults. The former Prime Minister's wife, Samantha Cameron, was invited to the official opening of a special school set up by Anna Kennedy with others in Kent, South East London.

Anna appeared on the BBC's Peoples Strictly Come Dancing in 2015.

Kennedy's focus is now exclusively on her charity work, this includes working with others in the autism and neurodiversity community. In 2023 Anna worked with Metropolitan Police Service on producing the document: "Stop and Search guidance for autistic people".

Anna is also a patron of Autism Support Crawley, Kilmarnock Horse Rescue, Cheshire Autism Practical Support, Square Peg Foundation, Camp Mohawk Autism Early Support and an ambassador for Special Dreams Foundation, Autism Anglia Born Anxious, and Includability.

Also a committee member of LOANI, Ladies Of All Nations International Group.

## Awards

Kennedy was awarded an OBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours by Queen Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace, for her services and campaigning work for autistic children. She won an award named, 'Woman of the Year' in 2009 which runs with the collaboration of The Observer and Smooth Radio. Kennedy received the Institute of Directors chairman's special award for her contributions to the community. She is the "Achieving Mum of the Year" of Tesco Mum of the Year Awards 2013 for her campaigning work for autistic children.

In 2013 Anna was awarded an honorary doctorate from Teesside University, the university most associated with her hometown of Middlesbrough.

## Media

Anna's story has been published in various magazines and newspapers, and appeared as 'pick of the day' an hour long Video Diary Documentary on BBC. Anna's story and the work she has been involved with was also discussed in depth in an episode of The Autism Podcast.

Anna Kennedy hosts a weekly show on Women's Radio Station in addition to a monthly show on Gateway 97.8 FM.

## InfoBox

| Anna Kennedy | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1960-03-12) 12 March 1960<br>Middlesbrough, England |
| Occupation | Disability/ neurodiversity campaigner. |
| Website | https://www.annakennedyonline.com/ |


title: Avondale, Arizona

abstract: Avondale is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, adjacent to Phoenix. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 89,334, up from 76,238 in 2010 and 35,883 in 2000. Avondale, incorporated in 1946, has experienced rapid residential and commercial growth in the years since 1980. Once primarily a sparsely populated farming community with many acres of alfalfa and cotton fields, Avondale has transformed into a major bedroom suburb for Phoenix.

text:
# Avondale, Arizona

**Avondale** is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, adjacent to Phoenix. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 89,334, up from 76,238 in 2010 and 35,883 in 2000.

Avondale, incorporated in 1946, has experienced rapid residential and commercial growth in the years since 1980. Once primarily a sparsely populated farming community with many acres of alfalfa and cotton fields, Avondale has transformed into a major bedroom suburb for Phoenix.

## History

William "Billy" G. Moore, arrived in Arizona in the late 1860s, settling near the Agua Fria River in 1880. Moore called bought land and named his settlement "Coldwater, Arizona" - apparently for both the river and the water that flowed from a local spring. He served a brief stint as Justice of the Peace for the Agua Fria area. He eventually established a stage stop near Agua Fria crossing, the Coldwater Stage Station in the 1880s. The state station was one of the very earliest stage stations in the region, supplying travelers with provisions on their way from Tucson to northern Arizona and California. A saloon and a general store were also built, bringing in more commerce for the settlement.

The post office was established in 1896 at a site near Avondale Ranch. From 1901 until 1905, William Moore served as Postmaster of the Coldwater post office. The post office eventually became known as Avondale, taking the name of the nearby ranch, and the name Coldwater was discontinued. In December 1946, the City of Avondale was incorporated.

Subsequent development resulted in a conglomeration of styles and architecture along Western Avenue typical of small western towns, with ranching, the railroad, and cotton farming as the main industries. Recently, the city has seen tremendous growth in new development, both residential and commercial, while the Old Town area along Western Avenue preserves the historic business district and safeguards opportunities for small, independent businesses.

Avondale is a modern city, near the heart of the Phoenix metropolitan area. Over the last decade, population growth took place at a rate of over 114%, making the city one of the fastest-growing in Maricopa County.

## Geography

Avondale is located at 33°26′01″N 112°20′59″W / 33.43361°N 112.34972°W / 33.43361; -112.34972 (33.435322, −112.349758). It is bordered to the west by Goodyear, to the north by Litchfield Park, and to the east by Phoenix and Tolleson.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 47.9 square miles (124 km2), of which 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2), or 0.54%, are water. The Gila River crosses the southern part of the city, joined from the north by the Agua Fria River.

Interstate 10 crosses the northern part of Avondale, with access from exits 129 through 133A. The freeway leads east 15 miles (24 km) to Downtown Phoenix and west 134 miles (216 km) to Blythe, California.

### Climate

Avondale has a large amount of sunshine year-round due to its stable descending air and high pressure. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, the city has a Hot desert climate, abbreviated "Bwh" on climate maps.

Winters are sunny and mild with nighttime lows averaging between 40 °F (4 °C) and 50 °F (4 °C and 10 °C) and daytime highs ranging from 60 °F (16 °C) to 75 °F (16 °C to 24 °C). The record low temperature recorded in Avondale is 16 °F (−9 °C). Summers are extremely hot, with daily high temperatures at or above 100 °F (38 °C) for the entirety of June, July, and August, as well as many days in May and September. An occasional heat wave will spike temperatures over 115 °F (46 °C) briefly. Nighttime lows in the summer months average between 70 °F (21 °C) and 80 °F (21 °C and 27 °C), with an occasional overnight low above 80 °F (27 °C) not uncommon. Avondale's record high temperature stands at an impressive 125 °F (52 °C), a few degrees warmer than the record for Phoenix, and just 3 °F (−16 °C) shy of Arizona's state record of 128 °F (53 °C), recorded in Lake Havasu City on June 29, 1994.

Snow is rare in the area, occurring once every several years. Lows in the winter occasionally dip below freezing, which may damage some desert plants such as saguaros and other cacti. In the summer (mainly July, August, and early September), the North American Monsoon can hit the Phoenix area in the afternoon and evening (possibly continuing overnight), causing rain showers even from a sunny morning. Dust storms are occasional, mainly during the summer.

| Climate data for Avondale, Arizona | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 89
(32) | 93
(34) | 100
(38) | 105
(41) | 115
(46) | 125
(52) | 125
(52) | 120
(49) | 116
(47) | 109
(43) | 98
(37) | 89
(32) | 125
(52) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 65
(18) | 70
(21) | 76
(24) | 85
(29) | 94
(34) | 103
(39) | 105
(41) | 103
(39) | 98
(37) | 87
(31) | 74
(23) | 64
(18) | 85
(30) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 42
(6) | 45
(7) | 50
(10) | 56
(13) | 64
(18) | 72
(22) | 79
(26) | 79
(26) | 72
(22) | 59
(15) | 48
(9) | 41
(5) | 59
(15) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 16
(−9) | 22
(−6) | 22
(−6) | 27
(−3) | 36
(2) | 49
(9) | 57
(14) | 50
(10) | 44
(7) | 31
(−1) | 22
(−6) | 20
(−7) | 16
(−9) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.99
(25) | 1.28
(33) | 0.97
(25) | 0.37
(9.4) | 0.11
(2.8) | 0.04
(1.0) | 0.83
(21) | 1.23
(31) | 0.95
(24) | 0.49
(12) | 0.68
(17) | 0.99
(25) | 8.93
(227) |
| Source: The Weather Channel | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Gila and Salt River Meridian

The surveying marker of the Gila and Salt River Meridian is located on Monument Hill. Ever since 1851, this has been the center point used by the state to measure the land in Arizona. The federal government recognized this point for measuring the boundary between the United States and Mexico after the Mexican–American War ended. The first survey, conducted in 1867, involved the first 36 miles (58 km) of Arizona. Up until 1874, this was the epicenter of all surveying in Arizona for property deeds. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 2002, Reference #02001137. Monument Hill is located at 115th Avenue and Baseline Road in Avondale.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1920 | 517 |  |  |
| 1930 | 1,770 |  | 242.4% |
| 1950 | 2,505 |  |  |
| 1960 | 6,151 |  | 145.5% |
| 1970 | 6,626 |  | 7.7% |
| 1980 | 8,168 |  | 23.3% |
| 1990 | 16,169 |  | 98.0% |
| 2000 | 35,883 |  | 121.9% |
| 2010 | 76,238 |  | 112.5% |
| 2020 | 89,334 |  | 17.2% |
| 2024 (est.) | 94,870 |  | 6.2% |
| U.S. Decennial Census
World Population Review | | | |

### 2020 census

**Avondale city, Arizona – Racial and ethnic composition**
*Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.*
| Race / Ethnicity (*NH = Non-Hispanic*) | Pop 2000 | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| White alone (NH) | 15,959 | 25,958 | 23,127 | 44.48% | 34.05% | 25.89% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 1,748 | 6,643 | 8,272 | 4.87% | 8.71% | 9.26% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 245 | 746 | 991 | 0.68% | 0.98% | 1.11% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 654 | 2,532 | 3,445 | 1.82% | 3.32% | 3.86% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 38 | 208 | 339 | 0.11% | 0.27% | 0.38% |
| Some Other Race alone (NH) | 39 | 173 | 550 | 0.11% | 0.23% | 0.62% |
| Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) | 611 | 1,638 | 2,932 | 1.70% | 2.15% | 3.28% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 16,589 | 38,340 | 49,678 | 46.23% | 50.29% | 55.61% |
| **Total** | **35,883** | **76,238** | **89,334** | **100.00%** | **100.00%** | **100.00%** |

Avondale first appeared on the 1920 U.S. Census as the 45th Precinct of Maricopa County (AKA Coldwater). In 1930, it simply appeared as the Coldwater Precinct. It was recorded as having a Spanish/Hispanic majority for that census (the census would not separately feature that racial demographic again until 1980). With the combination of all county precincts into three districts in 1940, it did not report on that census. In 1946, it was incorporated as the town of Avondale, and has appeared on every census since 1950. In 1959, it upgraded to a city.

As of the census of 2000, there were 35,883 people, 10,640 households, and 8,724 families residing in the city. The population density was 869.7 inhabitants per square mile (335.8/km2). There were 11,419 housing units at an average density of 276.8 per square mile (106.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 63.27% White, 5.20% Black or African American, 1.28% Native American, 1.89% Asian, 0.14% Pacific Islander, 24.32% from other races, and 3.89% from two or more races. 46.23% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 10,640 households, out of which 47.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.9% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.0% were non-families. 12.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age. The average household size was 3.36 and the average family size was 3.66.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 34.2% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 33.1% from 25 to 44, 17.7% from 45 to 64, and 5.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $49,153, and the median income for a family was $51,084. Males had a median income of $35,134 versus $27,487 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,919. About 10.3% of families and 13.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.2% of those under age 18 and 16.7% of those age 65 or over.

## Economy

Top employers in Avondale as of 2022.

| # | Employer | \# of employees |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Amazon | 1,030 |
| 2 | City of Avondale | 660 |
| 3 | Tolleson Union High School District | 560 |
| 4 | Fry’s Food Stores | 520 |
| 5 | Maricopa County Community Colleges | 460 |
| 6 | Avondale Elementary School District | 420 |
| 7 | Akos | 400 |
| 8 | Littleton Elementary School District | 390 |
| 9 | Walmart | 380 |
| 10 | Costco Wholesale | 370 |

## Sports

Avondale is home to Phoenix Raceway. Since 2020, Phoenix Raceway has served as host of the annual NASCAR championship race, each November. It holds two NASCAR Cup Series races, two Xfinity Series races, a NASCAR Gander RV and Outdoors Truck Series race, an ARCA Menards Series race, and an ARCA Menards Series West race annually.

Avondale Parks and Recreation Department offers sports for both youth and adults.

## Parks

City parks:

* Alamar Park, 4155 S El Mirage Rd
* Las Ligas, 12421 W Lower Buckeye Road
* Festival Fields, 101 E. Lower Buckeye
* Donnie Hale Park, 10857 West Pima St.
* Friendship Park / Dog Park, 12325 West McDowell
* Mountain View, 201 E Mountain View Drive
* Sernas Plaza Park, 521 E Western Ave
* Fred Campbell Park, 101 E Lawrence Blvd
* Dennis DeConcini, 351 E Western Ave
* Dessie Lorenz Park, 202 E Main St
* Doc Rhodes Park, 104 W Western Ave

## Government

Avondale falls within Arizona's 3rd Congressional District, served by Representative Raúl Grijalva and Arizona's 19th State Legislative District, served by Representatives Lorenzo Sierra and Diego Espinoza and Senator Lupe Contreras, all Democrats.

### Mayors

* Troy G. Fincher, ca.1949
* Russell H. Brinker, ca.1959
* Laverne R. Turner, ca.1963
* Thomas F. Morales, Jr., ca.1996
* Ronald J. Drake, ca.2000-2005
* Marie Lopez Rogers, ca.2006-2013
* Kenneth N. Weise, 2014-present

## Education

Avondale is served by the Littleton Elementary School District, the Avondale Elementary School District, the Agua Fria Union High School District and Tolleson Union High School District.Within city boundaries are four public high schools—Agua Fria High School, La Joya Community High School, Westview High School and West Point High School.

Avondale also has several charter schools. Legacy Traditional School and Imagine Schools for elementary and middle school education, and Estrella High School and St. John Paul II Catholic High School for high school.

Estrella Mountain Community College, established in 1992, is located in the city. Rio Salado College, a part of the Maricopa County Community College District, has a satellite building in Avondale. Universal Technical Institute and Empire Beauty Schools also have campuses in Avondale.

## Infrastructure

### Transportation

Avondale is served by Valley Metro Bus. The Avondale ZOOM neighborhood circulator provides local service within Avondale. Avondale is also served by local routes 3 (Van Buren Street, 17 (McDowell Road), 41 (Indian School Road, express route 563 to Downtown Phoenix, and rural route 685 connecting Ajo and Phoenix.

### Healthcare

The public hospital system, Valleywise Health (formerly Maricopa Integrated Health System), operates Valleywise Community Health Center – Avondale. Its sole hospital, Valleywise Health Medical Center, is in Phoenix.

Phoenix Children's Hospital has satellite facilities (Emergency Department - Avondale, and Sports Medicine PT - Avondale), at the corner of Avondale Boulevard and McDowell Road, and Avondale Boulevard and I-10 respectively.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Avondale, Arizona | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Entrance sign | |
|  | |
| Location in Maricopa County, Arizona | |
| Coordinates: 33°26′01″N 112°20′59″W / 33.43361°N 112.34972°W / 33.43361; -112.34972 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Arizona |
| County | Maricopa |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Kenn Weise |
| Area | |
| Total | 47.87 sq mi (123.99 km2) |
| Land | 47.62 sq mi (123.33 km2) |
| Water | 0.26 sq mi (0.67 km2) |
| Elevation | 974 ft (297 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 89,334 |
| Density | 1,876.13/sq mi (724.38/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-7 (MST (no daylight saving time)) |
| ZIP codes | 85323, 85392 |
| Area code | 623 |
| FIPS code | 04-04720 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2409765 |
| Website | www.ci.avondale.az.us |


title: 17α-Allyl-19-nortestosterone

abstract: 17α-Allyl-19-nortestosterone, also known as 3-ketoallylestrenol or as 17α-allylestr-4-en-17β-ol-3-one, is a progestin which was never marketed. It is a combined derivative of the anabolic–androgenic steroid and progestogen nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) and the antiandrogen allyltestosterone (17α-allyltestosterone). The drug is a major active metabolite of allylestrenol, which is thought to be a prodrug of 17α-allyl-19-nortestosterone. 17α-Allyl-19-nortestosterone has 24% of the affinity of ORG-2058 and 186% of the affinity of progesterone for the progesterone receptor, 4.5% of the affinity of testosterone for the androgen receptor, 9.8% of the affinity of dexamethasone for the glucocorticoid receptor, 2.8% of the affinity of testosterone for sex hormone-binding globulin, and less than 0.2% of the affinity of estradiol for the estrogen receptor. The affinity of 17α-allyl-19-nortestosterone for the androgen receptor was less than that of norethisterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate and its affinity for sex hormone-binding globulin was much lower than that of norethisterone. These findings may help to explain the absence of teratogenic effects of allylestrenol on the external genitalia of female and male rat fetuses.

text:
# 17α-Allyl-19-nortestosterone

**17α-Allyl-19-nortestosterone**, also known as **3-ketoallylestrenol** or as **17α-allylestr-4-en-17β-ol-3-one**, is a progestin which was never marketed. It is a combined derivative of the anabolic–androgenic steroid and progestogen nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) and the antiandrogen allyltestosterone (17α-allyltestosterone). The drug is a major active metabolite of allylestrenol, which is thought to be a prodrug of 17α-allyl-19-nortestosterone.

17α-Allyl-19-nortestosterone has 24% of the affinity of ORG-2058 and 186% of the affinity of progesterone for the progesterone receptor, 4.5% of the affinity of testosterone for the androgen receptor, 9.8% of the affinity of dexamethasone for the glucocorticoid receptor, 2.8% of the affinity of testosterone for sex hormone-binding globulin, and less than 0.2% of the affinity of estradiol for the estrogen receptor. The affinity of 17α-allyl-19-nortestosterone for the androgen receptor was less than that of norethisterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate and its affinity for sex hormone-binding globulin was much lower than that of norethisterone. These findings may help to explain the absence of teratogenic effects of allylestrenol on the external genitalia of female and male rat fetuses.

Relative affinities (%) of allylestrenol and metabolites
| Compound | PRTooltip Progesterone receptor | ARTooltip Androgen receptor | ERTooltip Estrogen receptor | GRTooltip Glucocorticoid receptor | MRTooltip Mineralocorticoid receptor | SHBGTooltip Sex hormone-binding globulin | CBGTooltip Corticosteroid binding globulin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Allylestrenol | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ? | 1 | ? |
| 17α-Allyl-19-NT | 186 | 5 | 0 | 10 | ? | 3 | ? |
| Values are percentages (%). Reference ligands (100%) were P4Tooltip progesterone (medication) for the PRTooltip progesterone receptor, Tooltip testosterone (medication) for the ARTooltip androgen receptor, E2 for the ERTooltip estrogen receptor, DEXATooltip dexamethasone for the GRTooltip glucocorticoid receptor, aldosterone for the MRTooltip mineralocorticoid receptor, Tooltip testosterone (medication) for SHBGTooltip sex hormone-binding globulin, and cortisol for CBGTooltip Corticosteroid-binding globulin. | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

17α-Allyl-19-nortestosterone
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical data | |
| Other names | Allylnortestosterone; Allylestrenolone; Allylnandrolone; 3-Ketoallylestrenol; 17α-Allylestr-4-en-17β-ol-3-one; Allylestrenolone |
| Drug class | Progestogen |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * (8*R*,9*S*,10*R*,13*S*,14*S*,17*R*)-17-hydroxy-13-methyl-17-prop-2-enyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta\[*a*\]phenanthren-3-one | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C21H30O2 |
| Molar mass | 314.469 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * C\[C@\]12CC\[C@H\]3\[C@H\](\[C@@H\]1CC\[C@\]2(CC=C)O)CCC4=CC(=O)CC\[C@H\]34 | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C21H30O2/c1-3-10-21(23)12-9-19-18-6-4-14-13-15(22)5-7-16(14)17(18)8-11-20(19,21)2/h3,13,16-19,23H,1,4-12H2,2H3/t16-,17+,18+,19-,20-,21-/m0/s1 * Key:NXGWVXNWOIYZLE-XUDSTZEESA-N | |


title: Alwarpuram

abstract: Alwarpuram which is pronounced as 'Aallhwaarpuram' is a neighbourhood in Madurai of Tamil Nadu state in India.

text:
# Alwarpuram

**Alwarpuram** which is pronounced as 'Aallhwaarpuram' is a neighbourhood in Madurai of Tamil Nadu state in India.

## Location

Alwarpuram is located with the coordinates of (9°55′43″N 78°08′06″E / 9.9286°N 78.1351°E / 9.9286; 78.1351) near Goripalayam.

AlwarpuramAlwarpuram (Tamil Nadu)

## Details

Every year during Chithirai festival, Lord Kallallhagar enters the Vaigai river in Madurai near Alwarpuram. Madurai corporation installed steel gates at Alwarpuram near the riverfront to control the dumping and polluting the area. Also, Kallallhagar on his return journey to Alagar Koil, again visits Alwarpuram before going to Mysore Maharaja mandap for the event of 'Pooppallakku' there which is celebrated in a grand manner.

## Recreation

Recreational places such as Gandhi Museum and Rajaji Park in Madurai are situated at Alwarpuram.

## Politics

Alwarpuram area falls under the Madurai South Assembly constituency. Also, this area belongs to Madurai Lok Sabha constituency.

## InfoBox

| Alwarpuram | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| AlwarpuramAlwarpuram, Madurai, Tamil Nadu | |
| Coordinates: 9°55′43″N 78°08′06″E / 9.9286°N 78.1351°E / 9.9286; 78.1351 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| District | Madurai |
| Elevation | 161.19 m (528.84 ft) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Tamil, English |
| Speech | Tamil, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 625020 |
| Telephone code | +91452\******* |
| Vehicle registration | TN 59 \** XXXX |
| Other Neighbourhoods | Goripalayam, Sellur, Nelpettai, Simmakkal, Yanaikkal, Anna Nagar, K. K. Nagar, Tallakulam |
| Corporation | Madurai Municipal Corporation |
| LS | Madurai |
| VS | Madurai South |


title: Aloe peglerae

abstract: Aloe peglerae is a small, stemless South African aloe. This unique succulent plant is classed as an endangered species. The species was listed by CITES as an Appendix II species, requiring special trade protections to prevent the further endangerment of the current wild population due to the plant trade.

text:
# Aloe peglerae

***Aloe peglerae*** (the "**fez aloe**") is a small, stemless South African aloe. This unique succulent plant is classed as an endangered species. The species was listed by CITES as an Appendix II species, requiring special trade protections to prevent the further endangerment of the current wild population due to the plant trade.

## Description

The fez aloe is typically 30–40 cm in diameter, and 30–40 cm in height. The glaucous leaves are strongly incurved to form a compact, spherical rosette.

The inflorescence can be observed in July and August, and usually consists of a single cylindrical spike 30–40 cm tall, occasionally forked. The visible portions of filaments are deep purple in colour.

## Taxonomy

The species is named after Alice Marguerite Pegler (1861-1929), a botanist and naturalist who collected at first around Kentani, and later in the vicinity of Johannesburg and Rustenburg. Her failing eyesight and health led her to confine her attention to algae and fungi. She was paid the exceptional honour of being made a member of the Linnaean Society.

This species forms natural hybrids with *Aloe marlothii* and with *Aloe davyana*.

## Distribution

This species is endemic to South Africa, where it only occurs in Gauteng and the North West Province. In this limited range, it is naturally found only along the northern dip slopes of the Magaliesberg and the Witwatersberg, the range just south and parallel to it.

It is listed as endangered and is rapidly declining in the wild, primarily due to habitat destruction and illegal collecting.

## InfoBox

| *Aloe peglerae* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| On Magaliesberg dip slope | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Asphodelaceae |
| Subfamily: | Asphodeloideae |
| Genus: | *Aloe* |
| Species: | ***A. peglerae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aloe peglerae***
Schönland | |
|


title: Alonzo Knox

abstract: Alonzo L. Knox is an American politician and businessman serving as a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for the 93rd district. He assumed office on March 25, 2023.

text:
# Alonzo Knox

**Alonzo L. Knox** is an American politician and businessman serving as a member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for the 93rd district. He assumed office on March 25, 2023.

## Early life and education

Knox was born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and graduated from Glen Oaks High School. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science and law enforcement from Southern University and a Master of Business Administration from Trinity Washington University.

## Career

Knox served in the United States Marine Corps from 1989 to 2006 and became a sergeant. After leaving the Marines, Knox worked as a readjustment analyst for the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. Knox also founded the Backatown Coffee Parlour on Basin Street in New Orleans. In 2021, Knox was an unsuccessful candidate for a seat on the New Orleans City Council. In 2023, he was elected to the Louisiana House of Representatives in a special election.

## Electoral history

2023 Louisiana's 93rd House of Representatives district special election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Sibil "Fox" Richardson** | **760** | **37.24%** |
|  | **Democratic** | **Alonzo Knox** | **625** | **30.62%** |
|  | Democratic | Steven Kennedy | 214 | 10.49% |
|  | Democratic | Morgan Clevenger | 211 | 10.34% |
|  | Republican | Matthew M. Hill | 142 | 6.96% |
|  | Democratic | "Naj" Wallace | 89 | 4.36% |
| Total votes | | | **2,041** | **100.0%** |

2023 Louisiana's 93rd House of Representatives district special runoff election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Alonzo Knox** | **1,718** | **54.35%** |
|  | Democratic | Sibil "Fox" Richardson | 1,443 | 45.65% |
| Total votes | | | **3,161** | **100.0%** |

## InfoBox

| Alonzo Knox | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Louisiana House of Representatives
from the 93rd district | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
March 25, 2023 | |
| Preceded by | Royce Duplessis |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Education | Southern University (BA)
Trinity Washington University (MBA) |
| Military service | |
| Branch/service | United States Marine Corps |
| Years of service | 1989–2006 |
| Rank | Sergeant |
|  | |


title: Alonzo L. Best

abstract: Alonzo L. Best was an American politician and farmer. Born in Big Spring, Adams County, Wisconsin, Best moved with his family to Dunn County, Wisconsin. Best owned the Meadow Side Stock Farm near Downing, Wisconsin, in the town of Tiffany and raised cattle and hogs. He also taught school. Best served as Tiffany town clerk and Tiffany town chairman. He also served on the Dunn County Board of Supervisors and as secretary on the school board. Best served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Republican.

text:
# Alonzo L. Best

**Alonzo L. Best** (October 6, 1854  June 24, 1923) was an American politician and farmer.

Born in Big Spring, Adams County, Wisconsin, Best moved with his family to Dunn County, Wisconsin. Best owned the Meadow Side Stock Farm near Downing, Wisconsin, in the town of Tiffany and raised cattle and hogs. He also taught school. Best served as Tiffany town clerk and Tiffany town chairman. He also served on the Dunn County Board of Supervisors and as secretary on the school board. Best served in the Wisconsin State Assembly and was a Republican.


title: EDP Peștera Wind Farm

abstract: The EDP Peştera Wind Farm is located in Peștera a commune in the Constanța County of Romania. Costing €200 million, the wind farm consists of 30 three-bladed Danish wind turbines, each capable of generating 3 megawatts (MW) of power, giving a total output of 90 MW. The EDP Peştera Wind Farm is the sister project of the EDP Cernavodă Wind Farm, a 138 MW wind farm located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of the Peştera farm close to the Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant and the Danube – Black Sea Canal. The wind farm is owned by EDP Renováveis, the renewable energy branch of the Portuguese conglomerate Energias de Portugal.

text:
# EDP Peștera Wind Farm

The **EDP Peştera Wind Farm** is located in Peștera a commune in the Constanța County of Romania. Costing €200 million, the wind farm consists of 30 three-bladed Danish wind turbines, each capable of generating 3 megawatts (MW) of power, giving a total output of 90 MW. The EDP Peştera Wind Farm is the sister project of the EDP Cernavodă Wind Farm, a 138 MW wind farm located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of the Peştera farm close to the Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant and the Danube – Black Sea Canal.

The wind farm is owned by EDP Renováveis, the renewable energy branch of the Portuguese conglomerate Energias de Portugal.

## InfoBox

| EDP Peştera Wind Farm | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Country |  |
| Location | Peștera, Constanța County |
| Coordinates | 44°12′N 28°00′E / 44.2°N 28°E / 44.2; 28 |
| Status | Complete |
| Commission date | 2010 |
| Owners | EDP Renováveis |
| Power generation | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Units operational | 30 |
| Nameplate capacity | 90 MW |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: (75482) 1999 XC173

abstract: (75482) 1999 XC173 is a stony Vestian asteroid and an exceptionally slow rotating body from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 3 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 10 December 1999, by LINEAR at Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site in Socorro, New Mexico, United States.

text:
# (75482) 1999 XC173

**(75482) 1999 XC173**  is a stony Vestian asteroid and an exceptionally slow rotating body from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 3 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 10 December 1999, by LINEAR at Lincoln Laboratory's Experimental Test Site in Socorro, New Mexico, United States.

## Classification and orbit

The body is classified as a S-type member of the Vesta family by the *Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link*'s Light Curve Data Base (LCDB) . It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.2–2.5 AU once every 3 years and 8 months (1,328 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08 and an inclination of 6 with respect to the ecliptic. A first precovery was obtained at the discovering observatory in October 1999, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 2 months prior to its official discovery observation.

## Physical characteristics

A rotational lightcurve was obtained for this asteroid from photometric observations at the Californian Palomar Transient Factory in September 2013. It gave a rotation period of 1234 hours with an estimated error margin of ±90 hours. As of 2016, it is the 6th slowest rotating minor planet known to exist. Its high brightness variation of 0.69 magnitude indicates that it has a non-spheroidal shape (U=2).

According to the LCDB, the body's surface has an assumed standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and a calculated diameter of 2.96 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 15.01.

## Numbering and naming

This minor planet was numbered by the Minor Planet Center on 15 April 2004. As of 2018, it has not been named.

## InfoBox

(75482) 1999 XC173
| Discovery | |
| --- | --- |
| Discovered by | LINEAR |
| Discovery site | Lincoln Lab's ETS |
| Discovery date | 10 December 1999 |
| Designations | |
| MPC designation | (75482) 1999 XC173 |
| Alternative designations | 1999 XC173 **·** 2001 KY49 |
| Minor planet category | main-belt **·** Vestian |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 16.82 yr (6,143 days) |
| Aphelion | 2.5436 AU |
| Perihelion | 2.1844 AU |
| Semi-major axis | 2.3640 AU |
| Eccentricity | 0.0760 |
| Orbital period (sidereal) | 3.63 yr (1,328 days) |
| Mean anomaly | 310.28 |
| Mean motion | 0° 16m 16.32s / day |
| Inclination | 6.1205° |
| Longitude of ascending node | 58.882° |
| Argument of perihelion | 48.553° |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 2.96 km (calculated) |
| Synodic rotation period | 1234.1709±89.9916 |
| Geometric albedo | 0.20 (assumed) |
| Spectral type |  |
| Absolute magnitude *(H)* | 14.5 **·** 14.557±0.004 (R) **·** 15.01 |
|  | |


title: (7335) 1989 JA

abstract: (7335) 1989 JA is a stony asteroid of the Apollo group, classified as near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid, approximately 1 kilometer in diameter. It was discovered on 1 May 1989, by American astronomer Eleanor Helin at the U.S. Palomar Observatory in California. On 27 May 2022, the asteroid made a close approach 0.027 astronomical units from Earth. During the close approach, optical observations detected signs of an orbiting satellite, which was later confirmed by radar imaging at NASA's Goldstone Solar System Radar in California.

text:
# (7335) 1989 JA

**(7335) 1989 JA** (provisional designation **1989 JA**) is a stony asteroid of the Apollo group, classified as near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid, approximately 1 kilometer in diameter. It was discovered on 1 May 1989, by American astronomer Eleanor Helin at the U.S. Palomar Observatory in California. On 27 May 2022, the asteroid made a close approach 0.027 astronomical units (4.0×10~~^~~6 km; 2.5×10~~^~~6 mi) from Earth. During the close approach, optical observations detected signs of an orbiting satellite, which was later confirmed by radar imaging at NASA's Goldstone Solar System Radar in California.

2022 close approach
| Date | JPL SBDB
nominal geocentric
distance | uncertainty
region
(3-sigma) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2022-05-27 | 4024703 km | ± 153 km |

## Orbit and classification

The S-type asteroid orbits the Sun at a distance of 0.9–2.6 AU once every 2 years and 4 months (861 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.48 and an inclination of 15 with respect to the ecliptic. The first observation was made at the discovering observatory in April 1989, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 1 month prior to its discovery observation. It has a minimum orbital intersection distance to Earth of 0.0225 AU (3,370,000 km) which corresponds to 8.8 lunar distances.

## Physical characteristics

During its discovery in May 1989, radiometric observations for this asteroid at Arecibo and Goldstone Observatory rendered a rotation period of less than 12 hours (U=n.a.). According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the asteroid measures 0.93 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a high albedo of 0.31–0.32, while the *Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link* assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 1.18 kilometers, based on an absolute magnitude of 17.0.

## Naming

As of 2022, 1989 JA remains unnamed.

## InfoBox

(7335) 1989 JA
| Radar images of 1989 JA and its satellite, imaged by the Goldstone observatory in May 2022 | |
| --- | --- |
| Discovery | |
| Discovered by | E. F. Helin |
| Discovery site | Palomar Obs. |
| Discovery date | 1 May 1989 |
| Designations | |
| MPC designation | (7335) 1989 JA |
| Alternative designations | 1989 JA |
| Minor planet category | Apollo **·** NEO **·** PHA |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 27.98 yr (10,221 days) |
| Aphelion | 2.6277 AU |
| Perihelion | 0.9136 AU |
| Semi-major axis | 1.7706 AU |
| Eccentricity | 0.4840 |
| Orbital period (sidereal) | 2.36 yr (861 days) |
| Mean anomaly | 341.87 |
| Mean motion | 0° 25m 5.88s / day |
| Inclination | 15.196° |
| Longitude of ascending node | 61.325° |
| Argument of perihelion | 232.24° |
| Earth MOID | 0.0225 AU **·** 8.8 LD |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 0.932±0.153 km
1.18 km (calculated)
1.8 km (outdated) |
| Synodic rotation period | \<12 |
| Geometric albedo | 0.20 (assumed)
0.31±0.30
0.322±0.150 |
| Spectral type |  |
| Absolute magnitude *(H)* | 17.0 **·** 17.8±0.3 |
|  | |


title: 1-Octene

abstract: 1-Octene is an organic compound with a formula CH2CHC6H13. The alkene is classified as a higher olefin and alpha-olefin, meaning that the double bond is located at the alpha (primary) position, endowing this compound with higher reactivity and thus useful chemical properties. 1-Octene is one of the important linear alpha olefins in industry. It is a colourless liquid.

text:
# 1-Octene

**1-Octene** is an organic compound with a formula CH2CHC6H13. The alkene is classified as a higher olefin and alpha-olefin, meaning that the double bond is located at the alpha (primary) position, endowing this compound with higher reactivity and thus useful chemical properties. 1-Octene is one of the important linear alpha olefins in industry. It is a colourless liquid.

## Synthesis

In industry, 1-octene is commonly manufactured by two main routes: oligomerization of ethylene and by Fischer–Tropsch synthesis followed by purification. Another route to 1-octene that has been used commercially on a small scale is dehydration of alcohols. Prior to the 1970s, 1-octene was also manufactured by thermal cracking of waxes, whereas linear internal octenes were also manufactured by chlorination/dehydrochlorination of linear alkanes.

There are five commercial processes that oligomerize ethylene to 1-octene. Four of these processes produce 1-octene as a part of a wide distribution of alpha-olefins. In typical circumstances, 1-hexene content of the entire distribution of alpha-olefins ranges from about 25% of the distribution in the Ethyl (Innovene) process to about 8% of distribution in some modes of the Gulf (CP Chemicals) and Idemitsu processes.

The only commercial process to isolate 1-octene from a wide mixture of C8 hydrocarbons is practiced by Sasol, a South African oil and gas and petrochemical company. For commercial purposes, Sasol employs Fischer–Tropsch synthesis to make fuels from synthesis gas derived from coal and recovers 1-octene from these fuel streams, where the initial 1-octene concentration in a narrow distillation cut may be 60%, with the remainder being vinylidenes, linear and branched internal olefins, linear and branched paraffins, alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Another route to 1-octene involves butadiene telomerization of butadiene. This technology was commercialized by Dow in a facility in Tarragona. 1-Methoxy- 2,7-octadiene is an intermediate in this process.

Yet another route converts 1-heptene to 1-octene plant based on a Fischer-Tropsch-derived C7 olefin stream (Sasol, Secunda).

Other 1-octene technologies exist based on selective tetramerisation of ethylene.

## Applications

The main use of 1-octene is as a comonomer in production of polyethylene. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) use approximately 2–4% and 8–10% of comonomers, respectively.

Another significant use of 1-octene is for production of linear aldehyde via oxo synthesis (hydroformylation) to give the C9 aldehyde (nonanal). Oxidation of this aldehyde gives the short-chain fatty acid nonanoic acid. Hydrogenation of the same aldehyde gives the fatty alcohol 1-nonanol, which is used as a plasticizer.

## InfoBox

1-Octene
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name Oct-1-ene | |
| Other names Octene-1, octylene; 1-n-octene; hexylethylene; oct-1-ene; octene; caprylene | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChEBI |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.540 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C8H16/c1-3-5-7-8-6-4-2/h3H,1,4-8H2,2H3 YKey: KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y * InChI=1/C8H16/c1-3-5-7-8-6-4-2/h3H,1,4-8H2,2H3Key: KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYAN | |
| SMILES * C=CCCCCCC | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C8H16 |
| Molar mass | 112.24 g/mol |
| Density | 0.715 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | −101.7 °C (−151.1 °F; 171.5 K) |
| Boiling point | 121 °C (250 °F; 394 K) |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


title: Allainville, New Brunswick

abstract: Allainville is a community in Northumberland County in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Originally named New Chelsea, the community was renamed to Allainville in 1940 in honour of Thomas Allain, an early settler. It is in the parish of Alnwick.

text:
# Allainville, New Brunswick

Allainvilleclass=notpageimage|Location of Allainville in New Brunswick

47°17′44″N 65°15′08″W / 47.2955°N 65.252194°W / 47.2955; -65.252194

**Allainville** is a community in Northumberland County in the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Originally named New Chelsea, the community was renamed to Allainville in 1940 in honour of Thomas Allain, an early settler. It is in the parish of Alnwick.

## History

## Notable people

1. "Allainville, New Brunswick". *Atlas of Canada*. Archived from the original on 2012-07-07. Retrieved 2009-09-01.
2. "Place Names of New Brunswick: Where is Home? New Brunswick Communities Past and Present". *Provincial Archives of New Brunswick*. Retrieved 2023-08-23.


title: Allaiocerus

abstract: Allaiocerus is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species Allaiocerus metallicus.

text:
# Allaiocerus

***Allaiocerus*** is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae. It is monotypic, being represented by the single species ***Allaiocerus metallicus***.

## InfoBox

| *Allaiocerus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Subfamily: | Prioninae |
| Tribe: | Anacolini |
| Genus: | *Allaiocerus*
Galileo, 1987 |
| Species: | ***A. metallicus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Allaiocerus metallicus***
Galileo, 1987 | |
|


title: Dysidea

abstract:
Dysidea is a genus of sponges belonging to the family Dysideidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species:
  - Dysidea aedificanda
  - Dysidea amblia
  - Dysidea anceps
  - Dysidea arenaria Bergquist, 1965
  - Dysidea avara
  - Dysidea cachui Carballo, Zubia & Ortega, 2006
  - Dysidea cacos
  - Dysidea cana
  - Dysidea chalinoides
  - Dysidea chilensis
  - Dysidea cinerea Keller, 1889
  - Dysidea clathrata
  - Dysidea conica Bowerbank, 1873
  - Dysidea corallina Kim, Lee & Sim, 2020
  - Dysidea crassa
  - Dysidea cristagalli Bergquist, 1961
  - Dysidea dakini
  - Dysidea dendyi
  - Dysidea digitata
  - Dysidea distans
  - Dysidea dokdoensis Kang, Lee & Sim, 2020
  - Dysidea dubia
  - Dysidea enormis
  - Dysidea etherea
  - Dysidea etheria de Laubenfels, 1936
  - Dysidea fasciculata
  - Dysidea flabellum
  - Dysidea fragilis
  - Dysidea frondosa Berquist, 1995
  - Dysidea geomunensis Kim, Lee & Sim, 2020
  - Dysidea glavea Kim, Lee & Sim, 2020
  - Dysidea gracilis
  - Dysidea granulosa Bergquist, 1965
  - Dysidea gumminea Ridley, 1884
  - Dysidea hirciniformis Carter, 1885
  - Dysidea hirsuta Kang, Lee & Sim, 2020
  - Dysidea horrens
  - Dysidea hydra Kang, Lee & Sim, 2020
  - Dysidea implexa
  - Dysidea incrustans
  - Dysidea incrustata
  - Dysidea janiae
  - Dysidea kenkriegeri Lehnert & Stone, 2015
  - Dysidea laxa
  - Dysidea lehnerti Van Soest & Hooper, 2020
  - Dysidea ligneana
  - Dysidea marshalli
  - Dysidea minna Hoshino, 1985
  - Dysidea mureungensis Kim, Lee & Sim, 2020
  - Dysidea navicularis
  - Dysidea nigrescens Berquist, 1995
  - Dysidea nivea Kang, Lee & Sim, 2020
  - Dysidea oculata
  - Dysidea pallescens
  - Dysidea perfistulata Pulitzer-Finali & Pronzato, 1980
  - Dysidea ramoglomerata Carter, 1887
  - Dysidea ramosa
  - Dysidea ramsayi
  - Dysidea reformensis Carballo, Zubia & Ortega, 2006
  - Dysidea robusta Vilanova & Muricy, 2001
  - Dysidea sabulum Kang, Lee & Sim, 2020
  - Dysidea sagum
  - Dysidea septosa
  - Dysidea spiculifera
  - Dysidea spiculivora
  - Dysidea spinosa
  - Dysidea teawanui Kelly, Mc Cormack & Battershill, 2020
  - Dysidea tenuifibra
  - Dysidea tuapokere Kelly, Mc Cormack & Battershill, 2020
  - Dysidea tubulata Rutot, 1874
  - Dysidea tupha
  - Dysidea tupha
  - Dysidea uriae Carballo, Zubia & Ortega, 2006
  - Dysidea variabilis
  - Dysidea villosa
  - Dysidea violata Lee & Sim, 2007

text:
# Dysidea

***Dysidea*** is a genus of sponges belonging to the family Dysideidae.

The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Dysidea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Dysidea fragilis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Porifera |
| Class: | Demospongiae |
| Order: | Dictyoceratida |
| Family: | Dysideidae |
| Genus: | *Dysidea*<br>Johnston, 1842 |
|


title: 137th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)

abstract: The 137th Infantry Division was a major fighting formation of the German Army (Wehrmacht). It was created in October 1940, and first saw combat in Operation Barbarossa as part of Army Group Centre. The division remained on the central sector of the Eastern Front, where it participated in heavy fighting. By November 1943, the division's losses on the Eastern Front were so high that it only consisted of two infantry regiments. This was followed by the withdrawal from the front, where the division was disbanded. The remaining troops were converted into Division Group 137. The staff of the former division was reassigned to the 271st Infantry Division. Division Group 137 became subordinated to Korps-Abteilung E, which was also set up in November 1943, under Army Group Center.

text:
# 137th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)

The **137th Infantry Division** was a major fighting formation of the German Army (Wehrmacht). It was created in October 1940, and first saw combat in Operation Barbarossa as part of Army Group Centre. The division remained on the central sector of the Eastern Front, where it participated in heavy fighting.

By November 1943, the division's losses on the Eastern Front were so high that it only consisted of two infantry regiments. This was followed by the withdrawal from the front, where the division was disbanded. The remaining troops were converted into *Division Group 137*.

The staff of the former division was reassigned to the 271st Infantry Division. Division Group 137 became subordinated to *Korps-Abteilung E*, which was also set up in November 1943, under Army Group Center.

## Commanders

## Order of battle

### 1940

* Infantry Regiment 447
* Infantry Regiment 448
* Infantry Regiment 449
* Artillery Regiment 137
* Pionier-Bataillon 137
* Antitank Battalion 137
* Reconnaissance Battalion 137
* Divisions Signals-Battalion 137
* Divisions Services 137

### 1943

* Grenadier Regiment 447
* Grenadier Regiment 448
* Division Battalion 137
* Artillery Regiment 137
* Pionier-Bataillon 137
* Panzerjäger-Abteilung 137
* Feldersatz-Bataillon 137
* Divisions-Nachrichten-Abteilung 137
* Divisions-Nachschubführer 137

* Tessin, Georg (1973). "Die Landstreitkräfte 131—200" \[Ground forces 131-200\]. *Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939—1945* (in German). Vol. 7. Osnabrück: Biblio. pp. 26–27. ISBN 3-7648-0872-1.

## InfoBox

| 137th Infantry Division | |
| --- | --- |
| 137. Infantrie-Division | |
| Active | 10 October 1940 - 2 November 1943 |
| Country | Nazi Germany |
| Branch | Army |
| Type | Infantry |
| Ersatz | Krumau |
| Insignia | |
| Identification<br>symbol |  |