title: 1943 in Canadian football

text:
# 1943 in Canadian football

The Winnipeg RCAF Bombers faced the Hamilton Flying Wildcats in the Grey Cup. Hamilton proved to be the better team, returning the coveted trophy to Steeltown for the first time since 1932.

## Canadian Football News in 1943

The WIFU and the IRFU suspended operations for the duration of World War II.

## Regular season

### Final regular season standings

***Note:** GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points*

**Western Interprovincial Football Union**

* NO LEAGUE PLAY

**Interprovincial Rugby Football Union**

* NO LEAGUE PLAY

| Ontario Rugby Football Union Team GP W L T PF PA Pts  **Hamilton Flying Wildcats** 10 8 1 1 223 71 17  **Toronto Balmy Beach Beachers** 10 8 2 0 148 74 16  Toronto RCAF Hurricanes 10 7 2 1 133 67 15  Ottawa Combines 9 2 7 0 68 129 4  Toronto HMCS York Bulldogs 10 2 8 0 73 160 4  Toronto Indians 9 1 8 0 36 180 2 | Quebec Rugby Football Union Team GP W L T PF PA Pts  **Lachine RCAF** 10 8 2 0 161 59 20  Verdun Grads 10 7 3 0 90 54 18  St. Hyacinthe-Donnacona Navy 10 6 4 0 61 43 16  McGill\* 4 1 3 0 24 20 6  Huntington Army 10 0 10 0 30 163 0   (\*) McGill played six-point games | Western Canada Armed Services Rugby Football Union Team GP W L T PF PA Pts  **Winnipeg RCAF Bombers** 6 6 0 0 102 37 12  **Regina All-Services Roughriders** 6 2 4 0 46 96 4  Winnipeg United Services Combines 6 1 5 0 34 49 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |

* Bold text means that they have clinched the playoffs.

## Grey Cup playoffs

*Note: All dates in 1943*

### Eastern Finals

| Hamilton Flying Wildcats @ Lachine RCAF  Date Away Home  November 20 **Hamilton Flying Wildcats 7** Lachine RCAF 6 |
| --- |

## Playoff Bracket

|  | **Union Finals** | | |  |  | **Semi & Union Finals** | | |  |  | **Grey Cup Final** | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | ORFU | Hamilton Flying Wildcats | 7 |  |  | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | | | | | ||
|  | ORFU | Toronto Balmy Beach | 2 |  | ||
|  | | | | |  | ORFU | Hamilton Flying Wildcats | 7 |  | |
|  | | | | | | **EAST** | | |  | |
|  | |  |  | QRFU | Lachine RCAF | 6 |  ||
|  | QRFU | | | | | | Lachine RCAF | 14 |  | |
|  | | | | |  | | | | | |
|  | | QRFU | Montreal Navy | 2 |  ||
|  | | | | |  | ORFU | Hamilton Flying Wildcats | 23 |  |
|  | | | | | |  | | | | | | | |  |
|  | |  |  | WCASFL | Winnipeg RCAF Bombers | 14 |  |
|  | WCASFL | | | | | | No Game |  |  |  | | | | |
|  | | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | |  |  |  | |  |
|  | | | | |  | WCASFL | Winnipeg RCAF Bombers | 1-11 |  |
|  | | | | | | **WEST** | | |  |
|  | |  |  | WCASFL | Regina All-Service All Stars | 0-0 |  |
|  | | | | | | | WCASFL | No Game |  |  |
|  | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | |  |  |  |  |

## Grey Cup Championship

| November 27 *31st Annual Grey Cup Game*: Varsity Stadium \- Toronto, Ontario  **Hamilton Flying Wildcats 23** Winnipeg RCAF Bombers 14  ***The Hamilton Flying Wildcats are the 1943 Grey Cup Champions*** |
| --- |

* Note: Playoff dates are not confirmed, however since the Grey Cup dates are accurate, it is reasonable to assume the above dates are accurate.

## 1943 Western Canada Armed Services Rugby Football League All-Stars

***NOTE:** During this time most players played both ways, so the All-Star selections do not distinguish between some offensive and defensive positions.*

## 1943 Ontario Rugby Football Union All-Stars

***NOTE:** During this time most players played both ways, so the All-Star selections do not distinguish between some offensive and defensive positions.*

## 1943 Canadian Football Awards


title: Everybody Dance (The Horn Song)

abstract: "Everybody Dance" is a 1998 house song recorded by American singer Barbara Tucker, who co-wrote the track with LaVette Gordon, and produced by DJ Pierre, which was based on an instrumental he recorded under the alias "The Don" as "The Horn Song." The horn solo on the single was performed by Darrell Dixon. After its release, the label rerecorded the single with Tucker adding lyrics and vocals to the song. This was Tucker's fourth of seven number-one singles she placed on the Billboard Dance Club Songs, reaching the top spot on September 12, 1998. Outside the United States, the single was retitled as "Everybody Dance," with several territories adding "The Don" to the credits. In the United Kingdom, this version peaked at 28 in 1998.

text:
# Everybody Dance (The Horn Song)

"**Everybody Dance**" ("**Everybody Dance (The Horn Song)**" in international releases) is a 1998 house song recorded by American singer Barbara Tucker, who co-wrote the track with LaVette Gordon, and produced by DJ Pierre, which was based on an instrumental he recorded under the alias "The Don" as "The Horn Song." The horn solo on the single was performed by Darrell Dixon. After its release, the label rerecorded the single with Tucker adding lyrics and vocals to the song.

This was Tucker's fourth of seven number-one singles she placed on the *Billboard* Dance Club Songs, reaching the top spot on September 12, 1998.

Outside the United States, the single was retitled as "Everybody Dance (The Horn Song)," with several territories adding "The Don" to the credits. In the United Kingdom, this version peaked at 28 in 1998.

## Track listing

CD Maxi ("Everybody Dance", US) * Everybody Dance (Radio Edit) 3:49
* Everybody Dance (The Don's Club Mix) 12:18
* Everybody Dance (Feel Your Horn Dub) 7:08
* Everybody Dance (Club Asylum Remix) 6:51
* Everybody Dance (M.A.S. Club Vocal) 7:59
* Bonus Track
    + The Horn Song (Original Mix) 8:41

CD Maxi ("Everybody Dance (The Horn Song)", UK) * Everybody Dance (The Horn Song) (Radio Edit) 3:48
* The Horn Song (The Don's Original Mix) 8:40
* Beautiful People (Dem 2 Remix) 6:37

CD Maxi ("Everybody Dance (The Horn Song)", Australia) * Everybody Dance (Radio Edit) 3:49
* Everybody Dance (The Don's Club Mix) 12:18
* Everybody Dance (Feel Your Horn Dub) 7:08
* Everybody Dance (Club Asylum Remix) 6:51
* Everybody Dance (M.A.S. Club Vocal) 7:59
* The Horn Song (Original Mix) 8:41

CD Maxi ("The Horn Song", US) * A1 The Horn Song (Original Mix) 8:00
* A2 The Horn Song (Deep Bomb Mix) 8:00
* B1 The Horn Song (Wild Pitch Instrumental) 8:00
* B2 The Horn Song (Ride My Horn Mix) 8:00

## InfoBox

| "Everybody Dance (The Horn Song)" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Barbara Tucker featuring The Don | |
| Released | 1998 |
| Recorded | 1998 |
| Genre | Funky house |
| Length | 3:49 |
| Label | Strictly Rhythm Records (US)
Postiva/EMI (UK)
Festival (Australia) |
| Songwriter(s) | Barbara Tucker
LaVette Gordon
Nathan Pierre Jones |
| Producer(s) | DJ Pierre |
| Barbara Tucker singles chronology | |
| "Bring Your Love"
(1997) "**Everybody Dance (The Horn Song)**"
(1998) "Stop Playing with My Mind"
(2000) | |
|  | |
| DJ Pierre singles chronology | |
| ""The Horn Song" (as The Don)"
(1998) "**"Everybody Dance (The Horn Song)"**"
(1998) | |
|  | |


title: Everybody Dance (film)

abstract: Everybody Dance is a 1936 British musical film directed by Charles Reisner and starring Cicely Courtneidge, Ernest Truex, Percy Parsons and Alma Taylor. The film's sets were designed by Alex Vetchinsky. It was made at Islington Studios. Sidney Gilliat called it "dreadful".

text:
# Everybody Dance (film)

***Everybody Dance*** is a 1936 British musical film directed by Charles Reisner and starring Cicely Courtneidge, Ernest Truex, Percy Parsons and Alma Taylor. The film's sets were designed by Alex Vetchinsky. It was made at Islington Studios.

Sidney Gilliat called it "dreadful".

## Plot

When a successful nightclub singer (Cicely Courtneidge) finds herself guardian to her late sisters children, she ditches her singing career and takes the kids to live on a farm. Her manager is less than happy and resorts to legal means to try and stop her.

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Low, Rachael. *Filmmaking in 1930s Britain*. George Allen & Unwin, 1985.
* Wood, Linda. *British Films, 1927-1939*. British Film Institute, 1986.

*Everybody Dance* at IMDb

## InfoBox

| Everybody Dance | |
| --- | --- |
| Original trade ad | |
| Directed by | Charles Reisner |
| Screenplay by |  |
| Based on | a story by Leslie Arliss
& Stafford Dickens |
| Produced by | Michael Balcon |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Jack Cox |
| Edited by | R. E. Dearing |
| Music by | **Words & music:**
Mack Gordon
Harry Revel
**Musical director:**
Louis Levy |
| Production
companies | Gainsborough Pictures
Gaumont British |
| Distributed by | Gaumont British Distributors |
| Release dates | * September 1936 (1936-09) (London, England) |
| Running time | 74 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |


title: Flash Forward

abstract: Flash Forward is a Disney Channel Original Series produced in Canada for preteens and teenagers which was originally previewed on both Disney Channel and ABC from 1995 to 1996 with its main run starting from 1997 to 1999. The series first aired as a 4-episode limited-run preview on The Disney Channel from December 14, 1995 to January 6, 1996. Starting on September 14, 1996, the series aired as a special nationwide preview-run on ABC's Saturday morning lineup. and remained on the network's schedule until December 1996. On January 1, 1997, the series premiered on The Disney Channel with a special New Year's Day 5-hour, 10-episode marathon, and on January 5, the series moved to its regular time slot on Saturdays and Sundays. The show focuses on the lives of two best friends and neighbors since birth, Tucker and Rebecca, and their respective adventures as they travel through the world of eighth grade with their other best friends, Christine and Miles. The show was produced by Atlantis Films in association with Disney Channel and Buena Vista International, Inc. Flash Forward was the first series branded under the "Disney Channel Original Series" label.

text:
# Flash Forward

***Flash Forward*** is a Disney Channel Original Series produced in Canada for preteens and teenagers which was originally previewed on both Disney Channel and ABC from 1995 to 1996 with its main run starting from 1997 to 1999. The series first aired as a 4-episode limited-run preview on The Disney Channel from December 14, 1995 to January 6, 1996. Starting on September 14, 1996, the series aired as a special nationwide preview-run on ABC's Saturday morning lineup. and remained on the network's schedule until December 1996. On January 1, 1997, the series premiered on The Disney Channel with a special New Year's Day 5-hour, 10-episode marathon, and on January 5, the series moved to its regular time slot on Saturdays and Sundays.

The show focuses on the lives of two best friends and neighbors since birth, Tucker and Rebecca, and their respective adventures as they travel through the world of eighth grade with their other best friends, Christine and Miles. The show was produced by Atlantis Films in association with Disney Channel and Buena Vista International, Inc.

*Flash Forward* was the first series branded under the "Disney Channel Original Series" label.

## Characters

### Tuck James

Tucker "Tuck" James (Ben Foster) is a 13-year-old boy who has just started eighth grade and sees it as a life-altering event. Tucker faces the travails of a teen's life with his trademark humor and rebounds from the fouls dealt by bullies and the occasional intruding parent by seeking solace in his friendship with Miles. He and Becca have been best friends since they were born and remain committed to each other through thick and thin.

### Becca Fisher

Rebecca "Becca" Fisher (Jewel Staite), also 13, is the much-flustered best friend of Tucker and is experiencing the same disillusionment with eighth grade. Her new best friend is Christine, someone who Becca sees as an easier person than Tucker to confide in about the things that are starting to matter (namely boys). Becca also faces ridicule from her bossy and stuck-up sister Ellen and carries a secret crush on the local pizza maker, Gooch.

* Becca (age 5) is played by Jennifer Pisana.

### Miles Vaughn

Miles (Theodore Borders) is Tucker's new best friend and starts the eighth grade year off as his constant companion. He often acts as the voice of reason in his relationship with Tucker, often bringing Tucker back down to the ground when he allows his flights of fancy to get the better of him.

### Chris Harrison

Christine "Chris" Harrison (Asia Vieira) is Becca's new best friend and often finds herself in the middle of Becca's schemes and troubles. She serves as a source of companionship and most importantly a listener, someone Becca can confide in during their ever-changing world. Christine is the owner of the dubiously named Steve, a dog.

### Horace James

Horace (Ricky Mabe) is Tucker's long-suffering younger brother. He is often the butt of Tucker's jokes and pranks, but holds a great deal of respect for his older brother. He is known for capturing all on his video camera, sometimes using the footage to his advantage as blackmail against Tucker.

### Ellen Fisher

Played by both Rachel Blanchard (ep. 1–4) and Robin Brûlé, Ellen is Becca's domineering, self-centered older sister. She has no real respect for anyone other than herself and (arguably) her boyfriend Ryan. Ellen is often a source of pain and discomfort for her younger sister.

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Fresh Start all Over Again" | Graeme Lynch | Heather Conkle |
| It's the first day of school and there are let downs (and drop downs - of Tucker's clothing). | | | | |
| 2 | "I'm OK, You're a Jerk" | Graeme Lynch | Kevin Neville |
| Becca petitions for Christine to be allowed to wrestle, while Tucker mocks the idea of girls wrestling, and a wrestling contest between Christine and his rival, Jack. | | | | |
| 3 | "House Party" | Graeme Lynch | Susin Nielsen |
| While the parents are away, Becca and Tucker decide to throw a party at his house, while Becca's older sister Ellen throws one at Becca's house. It soon becomes clear that Tucker's main objective is to impress Kerry while Becca wants to impress Ellen's friend Zack, and results in neither of them being interested in just hanging out with friends at a party. | | | | |
| 4 | "Cool Book" | Graeme Lynch | Dawn Ritchie |
| Kerry's idea to start a Cool Book (Slam Book) results in hurtful comments being passed around. | | | | |
| 5 | "On Your Toes" | Neill Fearnley | Jackie May |
| Becca must choose between the perks associated with being in pep squad and her love of ballet, while Tucker and Miles try to win a candid photo contest. | | | | |
| 6 | "Speechless" | Graeme Lynch | Sheri Elwood & John May |
| Becca is determined to beat her rival Vega (Raine Pare-Coull) in a speech contest, and Tucker writes a proposal to try to take over reading the announcements from his rival, Jack. | | | | |
| 7 | "Scalpers" | Graeme Lynch | Dennis Foon & John May
(story by: Dennis Foon) |
| After Kerry manipulates Tucker into giving her a concert ticket intended for Becca, Tucker tries to find a way to obtain and pay for another ticket, which involves him manipulating a few people himself. | | | | |
| 8 | "Dog Day After Lunch" | Milan Cheylov | Kate Barris |
| Tucker's attempt to help his little brother Horace deal with a bully results in a scheduled fight between them and their respective nemeses, while Becca and Christine take an interest in a dog on the school compound. | | | | |
| 9 | "Makeover" | Bruce McDonald | M. Fred Wright & Steve Wright |
| Becca's old best friend Max returns from New York and clashes with new best friend Christine, while Tucker comes up with a scheme to spend quality time with Kerry. | | | | |
| 10 | "That's My Baby" | Ron Oliver | Anita Kapila & John Slama
(story by: Thèrése Beaupré) |
| Tucker volunteers to look after the fake baby he and Becca are assigned so that Becca will babysit Horace in return, while Christine prepares to get Steve neutered. Amanda Tapping guest stars as Ms. Yansouni. | | | | |
| 11 | "Double Bill" | John Bell | Heather Conkle |
| Hoping to experience her first kiss, Becca plans a double date with Christine, Scott Stuckey (Ryan Gosling) and Zed (Kris Lemche) while Tucker drags Miles and Steve along to spy on them. | | | | |
| 12 | "Maltese Chicken" | John Bell | Sheri Elwood |
| Becca and Ellen both want to go to Malta, but there is only one ticket, so Becca enlists the help of Tucker and Miles, first in spying on Ellen to prove that she doesn't deserve to go, and then in locating the desired ticket after Becca loses it. | | | | |
| 13 | "Flossed in the Woods" | Ron Oliver | Bernice Vanderlaan |
| Becca, Tucker, Christine, Miles, Horace and Steve go camping in the woods and find it a lot harder than they expected. | | | | |
| 14 | "Crime and Punishment" | Milan Cheylov | Ian Weir |
| Tucker drags Miles into his scheme of becoming a living legend by planning a complicated prank while Becca needs to write a great article to convince the editor of the school paper to give her a better job. | | | | |
| 15 | "Good Sports" | John Bell | John Slama |
| Tucker tries out for the soccer team in order to appear in a team picture in the yearbook other than the AV Team, and discovers that he is actually a good goalie, while Becca has to cover the sports section of the paper in order to be allowed to have a poetry feature. | | | | |
| 16 | "Love Letters" | Stephen Williams | John Slama
(story by: Thèrése Beaupré) |
| Concerned that Miles is spending too much time with his computer, Becca and Tucker send him an online love letter anonymously but don't let Christine in on the plan since they think that she can't keep a secret. Complications arise when Miles wants to meet his secret admirer and Christine becomes upset that Becca and Tucker are hiding something from her. | | | | |
| 17 | "Presents" | Ron Oliver | Robert C. Cooper |
| Tucker and Becca share a birthday and have a tradition of exchanging gifts the night before. Tucker is determined to get Becca a great gift for once while Becca is preoccupied with the birthday treat her crush Gooch offered her for the same day. | | | | |
| 18 | "Apeward Bound" | David Straiton | John Slama |
| Miles has a plan for enabling him and Christine to sneak away to see a movie festival during a school trip, while Becca and Tucker become lost on the trip. | | | | |
| 19 | "Mudpack" | Ron Oliver | Sheri Elwood & Rob Baird |
| Becca, on Max's advice, wants to crash the ninth grade secret mudslide party to change her reputation from being too serious, and gets help to do so from Tucker, who is being severely punished for crashing a car into the garage and has vowed to change his reputation to being more "helpful". | | | | |
| 20 | "Just Friends" | Graeme Lynch | Susin Nielsen |
| Max tells Becca that people think that she and Tucker are a couple, so Becca tries to distance herself from him by forcing him to spend time with Christine instead (coaching Horace in baseball), the result of which surprises and upsets her. | | | | |
| 21 | "Skate Bait" | Anita Kapila | Alex Chapple |
| Gooch volunteers to represent Tucker and Miles in a skating contest against Scott Stuckey (Ryan Gosling), but he gets injured, leaving Tucker to replace him, so Becca, informing Tucker, agrees to defeat Scott in the contest. | | | | |
| 22 | "Expose" | Neill Fearnley | Ian Weir |
| When a journalist comes to Parkview to do a story on the students, Becca uses the opportunity to try to get a column in the newspaper that he works for, while Tucker, Miles and their friends conspire to make the students seem more interesting. | | | | |
| 23 | "Saboteur" | Alex Chapple | John May & John Slama |
| After Miles and Tucker belittle the idea that Becca can help them sabotage the school float, she gets Christine and new girl Darby (Caterina Scorsone) to help her devise a separate sabotage plan and fails to notice that Tucker has a crush on Darby, which makes it difficult for him to concentrate on his own plan. | | | | |
| 24 | "Funny Like Me" | Ron Oliver | Anita Kapila
(story by: Anita Kapila, Allan Novak and Howie Wisman) |
| For a school talent show, Max and Christine agree to do a tap dancing act with Becca, but find that she is the weakest link in their act; Miles gets stuck with Abbie (Maia Filar) for a partner, first in a magic and then in a music act; and Tucker plans a comedy act with Roland (Matt Lemche), who then begins to emulate him. | | | | |
| 25 | "Fright Night" | Neill Fearnley | Sheri Elwood |
| Becca promises Tucker a fun night with her and Max while her parents and Ellen are out, and Miles and Christine plan to have a horror festival while Tucker's parents are out. | | | | |
| 26 | "Curtain Call" | Graeme Lynch | John Slama
(story by: Sarah Dodd
& Ian Weir) |
| Becca adapts Robin Hood for a play for the school. Soon however, she and Tucker are cast as Robin Hood and Maid Marian. Despite a disagreement between the two of them, Miles and Christine are able to get Tucker and Becca to reconcile and get the play back on track. The series ends with Tucker and Becca sharing a kiss. | | | | |

## InfoBox

| *Flash Forward* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Adventure
Sitcom |
| Created by | Bernice Vanderlaan
Alyson Feltes
Daphne Ballon |
| Written by | Robert L. Baird
Thérèse Beaupré
Robert C. Cooper
Sarah Dodd
Sheri Elwood
Dennis Foon
John May
Anita Kapila
Allan Novak
Dawn Ritchie
John Slama
Bernice Vanderlaan
Ian Weir
Howard Wiseman |
| Directed by | Alex Chapple
John Bell
Milan Cheylov
Neill Fearnley
Graeme Lynch
Bruce McDonald
Ron Oliver
David Straiton
Stephen Williams |
| Creative director | John May |
| Starring | Ben Foster
Jewel Staite
Asia Vieira
Theodore Borders |
| Country of origin | Canada
United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 26 (list of episodes) |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | Daphne Ballon
Seaton McLean
Alyson Feltes
(Episodes 1–4) |
| Producers | Jamie Paul Rock
(Episodes 1–4)
Jan Peter Meyboom
(Episodes 5–26) |
| Production locations | Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Cinematography | David Perrault |
| Running time | 22 minutes |
| Production companies | Atlantis Communications
Walt Disney Television |
| Original release | |
| Network | Disney Channel (preview: 1995–96; main-run: 1997-1999)
ABC (preview-run: 1996) |
| Release | December 14, 1995 (1995-12-14)
1997 (1997) |


title: Axiocerses jacksoni

abstract: Axiocerses jacksoni is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Stempffer in 1948. It is found in Ethiopia, Somalia and northern Kenya.

text:
# Axiocerses jacksoni

***Axiocerses jacksoni*** is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It was described by Stempffer in 1948. It is found in Ethiopia, Somalia and northern Kenya.

## InfoBox

| *Axiocerses jacksoni* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lycaenidae |
| Genus: | *Axiocerses* |
| Species: | ***A. jacksoni*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Axiocerses jacksoni***<br>Stempffer, 1948 | |
|


abstract: The 2015 Australian Handball Club Championship is split into two parts. The first was the Beach Handball competition held in Glenelg, South Australia during February 2015 and the second is the Indoor titles which was held in March, 2015. Both were organised by the Australian Handball Federation and featured teams from New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory, South Australia and hosts Western Australia. The Beach tournament was split into Men's, Women's and Mixed. The men's title was won by the St Kilda from Victoria. The women's event was won by RUOK from Queensland and the mixed event was won by Spinners from New South Wales. The Indoor tournament was split into two divisions. The Northern Division was won by Sydney University and the Southern Division by St Kilda HC. They won the right to represent Australia in the Oceania Handball Champions Cup.

text:
# 2015 Australian Handball Club Championship

The **2015 Australian Handball Club Championship** is split into two parts. The first was the Beach Handball competition held in Glenelg, South Australia during February 2015 and the second is the Indoor titles which was held in March, 2015. Both were organised by the Australian Handball Federation and featured teams from New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory, South Australia and hosts Western Australia.

The Beach tournament was split into Men's, Women's and Mixed. The men's title was won by the St Kilda from Victoria. The women's event was won by RUOK from Queensland and the mixed event was won by Spinners from New South Wales.

The Indoor tournament was split into two divisions. The Northern Division was won by Sydney University and the Southern Division by St Kilda HC. They won the right to represent Australia in the Oceania Handball Champions Cup.

## Beach results

### Men's final

| 7 February 2015
12:20 | St Kilda HC | **2 legs 0** | East Melbourne Spartans | Glenelg Beach |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| |  |  |  | |
| |  |  |  | |

### Women's final

| 7 February 2015
13:20 | RUOK | **2 legs 0** | S. Betta | Glenelg Beach |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| |  |  |  | |
| |  |  |  | |

### Mixed final

| 7 February 2015
11:30 | Spinners | **2 legs 0** | S.Betta | Glenelg Beach |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| |  |  |  | |
| |  |  |  | |

## Men's indoor results

### Northern conference

#### Round Robin

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sydney University | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 99 | 38 | +61 | 6 |
| Canberra HC | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 62 | 71 | 9 | 4 |
| University of Queensland HC | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 61 | 80 | 19 | 2 |
| Logan Wizards | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 48 | 81 | 33 | 0 |

Source:

| 28 March 2015
11:30 | Sydney University | **28 - 15** | Canberra HC | All Sorts Sports Centre, Sydney |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| |  | (14 - 5) |  | |
| |  |  |  | |

|
13:30 | Uni of Queensland HC | **25 - 19** | Logan Wizards | All Sorts Sports Centre, Sydney |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| |  | (12 - 9) |  | |
| |  |  |  | |

|
18:30 | Sydney University | **38 - 14** | Uni of Queensland HC | All Sorts Sports Centre, Sydney |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| |  | (20 - 2) |  | |
| |  |  |  | |

|
20:30 | Canberra HC | **24 - 20** | Logan Wizards | All Sorts Sports Centre, Sydney |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| |  | (13 - 9) |  | |
| |  |  |  | |

| 29 March 2015
12:30 | Sydney University | **32 - 9** | Logan Wizards | All Sorts Sports Centre, Sydney |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| |  | (16 - 4) |  | |
| |  |  |  | |

|
14:30 | Canberra HC | **23 - 22** | Uni of Queensland HC | All Sorts Sports Centre, Sydney |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| |  | (15 - 10) |  | |
| |  |  |  | |

### Southern Conference

1. St Kilda Handball Club (results to follow)

### Final

| 7 June 2015
11:00 | St Kilda HC | **16 – 24** | Sydney University | Sydney Olympic Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| |  | (10 - 11) |  | |
| |  |  |  | |

| 8 June 2015
13:00 | Sydney University | **23 - 16** | St Kilda HC | Sydney Olympic Park
Referees: Ridley, Ridley (AUS) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| |  | (13 - 7) |  | |
| |  |  |  | |


title: Avrohom Yehoshua Soloveitchik

abstract: Rabbi Avraham Yehoshua Soloveitchik is the rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Brisk, one of the Brisk yeshivas in Jerusalem, Israel. His grandfather, Rabbi Yitzchok Zev Soloveitchik, was known as the "Brisker Rov". His students included Meir Kessler.

text:
# Avrohom Yehoshua Soloveitchik

Rabbi **Avraham Yehoshua Soloveitchik** (born June 29, 1949) is the rosh yeshiva of **Yeshivas Brisk**, one of the Brisk yeshivas in Jerusalem, Israel.

His grandfather, Rabbi Yitzchok Zev Soloveitchik, was known as the "Brisker Rov".

His students included Meir Kessler.

## Family tree

1. "Oldest Granddaughter of Rav Avrohom Yehoshua Soloveitchik Engaged". Matzav.com. December 9, 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
2. Besser, Yisroel (October 10, 2019). "BRISK: THE MASTERY & THE MYSTERY". Mishpacha. Retrieved 4 March 2021.

## InfoBox

| Rabbi Avrohom Yehoshua Soloveichik | |
| --- | --- |
| Rabbi Avrohom Yehoshua Soloveitchik | |
|  | |
| Rosh Yeshiva of Yeshivas press | |
| **In office**
February 7, 1981  ongoing | |
| Preceded by | Rabbi Berel Soloveichik |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1949
Jerusalem, Israel |
|  | |


title: French corvette Étonnante (1795)

abstract: Étonnante was an 18-gun Etna-class corvette of the French Navy, launched in 1795. She was struck from the navy in 1804 and hulked in 1806.

text:
# French corvette Étonnante (1795)

***Étonnante*** was an 18-gun *Etna*-class corvette of the French Navy, launched in 1795. She was struck from the navy in 1804 and hulked in 1806.

## Career

In the night of 13 to 14 November 1796, *Étonnante* departed Le Havre with her sister-ship *Etna*, and was chased by HMS *Melampus* and HMS *Minerva*, which drove her ashore near Barfleur. However the British were not able to get close enough to assure the destruction of *Étonnante*. Still, they were able to capture *Etna*. The French were able with difficulty to salvage *Étonnante*.

*Étonnante* later served at Saint-Malo in 1797 and at Brest in 1802. She was struck in 1804. She then underwent conversion to a *ponton arrière-garde* or *corps de garde*. She disappears from records after 1806.

## Citations

* Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). *Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours, 1671–1870*. Group Retozel-Maury Millau. p. 186. ISBN 978-2-9525917-0-6. OCLC 165892922.
* Winfield, Rif; Roberts, Stephen S. (2015). *French Warships in the Age of Sail 1786–1861: Design Construction, Careers and Fates*. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-204-2.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| France | |
| Name | *Étonnante* |
| Namesake | "Surprising" |
| Builder | Fouache & Reine, Honfleur |
| Launched | 27 August 1795 |
| In service | November 1796 |
| Fate | Hulked in Brest in 1806 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Corvette |
| Displacement | 640-719 tons (French) |
| Length | * 35.95 m (117.9 ft) (overall) * 32.48 m (106.6 ft) (keel) |
| Beam | 9.74 m (32.0 ft) |
| Draught | 4.68 m (15.4 ft) (unladen) |
| Depth of hold | 4.82 m (15.8 ft) |
| Propulsion | Sail |
| Armament |  |
| Armour | Timber |


title: 2001 Singapore Open (badminton)

abstract: The 2001 Singapore Open was a four-star badminton tournament that took place at the Singapore Indoor Stadium in Singapore, from August 15 to August 19, 2001. The total prize money on offer was US$120,000.

text:
# 2001 Singapore Open (badminton)

The **2001 Singapore Open** (officially known as the **Yonex-Sunrise Singapore Open 2001** for sponsorship reasons) was a four-star badminton tournament that took place at the Singapore Indoor Stadium in Singapore, from August 15 to August 19, 2001. The total prize money on offer was US$120,000.

## Final results

| Category | Winners | Runners-up | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's singles | Taufik Hidayat | Wong Choong Hann | 7–5, 0–7, 7–1, 1–7, 7–4 |
| Women's singles | Zhang Ning | Dai Yun | 7–1, 4–7, 7–2, 1–7, 7–0 |
| Men's doubles | Tony Gunawan & Halim Haryanto | Sigit Budiarto & Candra Wijaya | 5–7, 7–3, 7–2, 7–0 |
| Women's doubles | Wei Yili & Zhang Jiewen | Zhang Yawen & Zhao Tingting | 8–6, 7–3, 7–4 |
| Mixed doubles | Jens Eriksen & Mette Schjoldager | Michael Søgaard & Rikke Olsen | 7–2, 4–7, 7–5, 7–5 |

## InfoBox

2001 Singapore Open
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 15 August 2001–
19 August 2001 |
| Edition | 52nd |
| Level | World Grand Prix 4 Stars |
| Total prize money | US$120,000 |
| Venue | Singapore Indoor Stadium |
| Location | Kallang, Singapore |
| Champions | |
| Men's singles | Taufik Hidayat |
| Women's singles | Zhang Ning |
| Men's doubles | Tony Gunawan
Halim Haryanto |
| Women's doubles | Wei Yili
Zhang Jiewen |
| Mixed doubles | Jens Eriksen
Mette Schjoldager |
| 1999 2002 | |


title: Arthur Colegate

abstract: Sir William Arthur Colegate was a British Conservative Party politician who served in the House of Commons as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1941 to 1945 and from 1950 to 1955.

text:
# Arthur Colegate

**Sir William Arthur Colegate** (1884 – 10 September 1956) was a British Conservative Party politician who served in the House of Commons as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1941 to 1945 and from 1950 to 1955.

## Biography

Colegate was born in Walworth, London, the son of Robert Colegate and Sarah Elizabeth Pearce. He was educated privately before he entered University College London, where he joined the Fabian Society and acted as a research assistant to Beatrice and Sydney Webb. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in engineering in 1904. He then became a civil servant when he entered the Board of Trade in 1910, before moving into business. He enlisted in the army during the First World War, but the Board of Trade seconded him for special service during the war.

He was a director of Brunner Mond and Company until 1927 (following their amalgamation into ICI) and British Overseas Stores and was chairman of W.G. Allen & Sons (Tipton) Ltd and of the Wright Saddle Company. From 1925 to 1929, he served as President of the Industrial Property Committee of the International Chamber of Commerce, was a Governor of Harper Adams Agricultural College from 1941 to 1947, and President of the Rural District Councils Association.

Abandoning his youthful ideology, Colegate joined the Conservative Party and unsuccessfully contested the Sowerby constituency at the 1929 general election, but he was elected for The Wrekin at a by-election in September 1941, following the death at sea of James Baldwin-Webb. He lost the seat at the 1945 general election, but was successful in Burton, (where he had been adopted as candidate in 1947), at the 1950 general election, holding his seat in 1951, and standing down at the 1955 general election, the same year that he was knighted.

## Personal life

On 22 November 1917, Colegate married Winifred Mary Pemberton, daughter of Sir William Worsley, 3rd Baronet, and widow of Captain Francis Percy Campbell Pemberton of the 2nd Life Guards who had been killed in action in the First World War in 1914. The couple had four daughters, one of whom was the writer Isabel Colegate. His wife predeceased him in 1955.

## Estates

Besides in London, Colegate had homes at Redbourne Hall near Gainsborough, Lincolnshire and Church Aston Manor near Newport, Shropshire in 1945 and at the time of his death lived at Bembridge, Isle of Wight.

## InfoBox

| Arthur Colegate | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament
for Burton | |
| **In office**
23 February 1950  6 May 1955 | |
| Preceded by | Arthur W. Lyne |
| Succeeded by | John Jennings |
| Member of Parliament
for The Wrekin | |
| **In office**
26 September 1941  15 June 1945 | |
| Preceded by | James Baldwin-Webb |
| Succeeded by | Ivor Owen Thomas |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | William Arthur Colegate
1884
London, England |
| Died | (aged 71-72) |
| Political party | Conservative |
|  | |


title: 1988 Italian Athletics Championships

abstract: The 1988 Italian Athletics Championships was the 78th edition of the Italian Athletics Championships and were held in Milan.

text:
# 1988 Italian Athletics Championships

The **1988 Italian Athletics Championships** was the 78th edition of the Italian Athletics Championships and were held in Milan.

## Champions

The table also includes the national champions of non-track and field events whose competitions were not held in Milan.

Non-track and field events

Full results.

1. "Annuario FIDAL 2010" (PDF). *altervista.org* (in Italian). Retrieved 3 September 2022.
2. "CAMPIONATI "ASSOLUTI" – UOMINI 1906-2015 - Storia, Sedi, Programmi" (PDF). *sportolimpico.it* (in Italian). 1 April 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
3. "ITALIAN CHAMPIONSHIPS (1984-2006)". gbrathletics.com. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
4. "CAMPIONATI "ASSOLUTI" – UOMINI TUTTI I CAMPIONI ITALIANI – 1906/2020" (PDF). *sportolimpico.it* (in Italian). 1 January 2021. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
5. "CAMPIONATI "ASSOLUTI" – DONNE TUTTE LE CAMPIONESSE ITALIANE – 1923/2020" (PDF). *sportolimpico.it* (in Italian). 1 January 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
6. "Annuario FIDAL 2010" (PDF). *altervista.org* (in Italian). p. 567. Retrieved 3 September 2022.

## InfoBox

| 1988 Italian Athletics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 6–8 September |
| Host city | Milan (main events) |
| Venue | Stadio Olimpico |
| Level | Senior |
| Events | 47 (26 men, 21 women) |
| 1987 1989 | |


title: 1943 in France

abstract: Events from the year 1943 in France.

text:
# 1943 in France

Events from the year **1943 in France**.

## Incumbents

## Events

## Sport

* 25 April – The 41st edition of the Paris-Roubaix bicycle race resumes following three years of cancellations due to war. Marcel Kint (BEL) wins the race in 6h 01' 32".

## Births

## Deaths

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: | Other events of 1943<br>History of France    Timeline    Years |


title: Erik Bachhuber

abstract: Erik Bachhuber is a former motorcycle speedway rider from Germany.

text:
# Erik Bachhuber

**Erik Bachhuber** (born 6 October 2003) is a former motorcycle speedway rider from Germany.

## Career

Bachhuber won the German 125cc title twice in 2016 and 2017 before moving up to 250cc, which he also won in 2019. He came to prominence when winning the German U21 title and winning the German league title with MSC Olching. In 2022, he reached the final of the 2022 Individual Speedway Junior European Championship.

In the Polish leagues he has ridden for MSC Wölfe Wittstock in 2021 and AC Landshut since 2023. He represented the Germany national speedway team in the final of the 2023 European Team Speedway Championship.

In 2024, he announced he was leaving the sport.

## InfoBox

Erik Bachhuber
| Born | (2003-10-06) 6 October 2003<br>Augsburg, Germany |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | German |
| Career history | |
| **Germany** | |
| 2022 | Olching |
| **Poland** | |
| 2021 | Wittstock |
| 2023–2024 | Landshut |
| **Sweden** | |
| 2023–2024 | Valsarna |
|  | |
| Individual honours | |
| 2021 | German U21 champion |
|  | |
| Team honours | |
| 2021 | German league winner |
|  | |


abstract: Avrohom Yaakov Friedman was the first Rebbe of the Sadigura Hasidic dynasty. He lived in the palatial home constructed by his father, Rabbi Yisrael Friedman of Ruzhyn, who fled to the Austrian town of Sadhora due to persecution by the Russian Tsar. He maintained his father's extravagant lifestyle while immersing himself in Torah study and mysticism. He was considered the greatest Rebbe of his era, attracting hundreds of thousands of Jews as well as prominent Christian leaders to his court.

text:
# Avrohom Yaakov Friedman (first Sadigura rebbe)

**Avrohom Yaakov Friedman** (October 28, 1820 – September 12, 1883) was the first *Rebbe* of the Sadigura Hasidic dynasty. He lived in the palatial home constructed by his father, Rabbi Yisrael Friedman of Ruzhyn, who fled to the Austrian town of Sadhora (Sadigura in Yiddish) due to persecution by the Russian Tsar. He maintained his father's extravagant lifestyle while immersing himself in Torah study and mysticism. He was considered the greatest Rebbe of his era, attracting hundreds of thousands of Jews as well as prominent Christian leaders to his court.

## Early life

Avrohom Yaakov Friedman was born in the town of Ruzhyn, Ukraine to Rabbi Yisrael Friedman of Ruzhyn (1797–1851), founder of the Ruzhiner dynasty, and his wife, Sarah. He was the second of six sons and had four sisters. He married Miriam, the daughter of Rabbi Aharon of Karlin.

## As Rebbe

In 1840 the Ruzhiner Rebbe was forced to flee Russia due to persecution by the Tsar. He moved his family to the town of Sadigura, Bukovina, in Austria (Carpathian Mountains). The Ruzhiner Rebbe lived in Sadigura for ten years, building a palatial home and a large synagogue and attracting tens of thousands of Hasidim. When the Ruzhiner Rebbe died at the age of 54 on 9 October 1850, each of his sons moved to different towns to establish their own courts. His eldest son, Rabbi Sholom Yosef Friedman (1813–1851), remained in Sadigura to continue leading the court his father had founded, but died ten months later. At this point, the Ruzhiner Rebbe's second son, Rabbi Avrohom Yaakov, assumed the mantle of leadership, becoming known as the first Sadigura Rebbe.

The Sadigura Rebbe maintained the extravagant lifestyle of his father's court, with its lavish accoutrements and showy dress, and also immersed himself in the mysticism of Kabbalah, as did his father. This combination of earthly royalty and spiritual depth attracted both Jews and Christians to his court. Hundreds of thousands of Jews sought his wisdom and counsel. He was admired and visited by many of the great Torah scholars and *rebbes* of his generation, including Rabbi Yitzchok of Vurka, Rabbi Yitzchak Meir Alter (the first Gerrer Rebbe), the sons of Rabbi Mordechai Twersky of Chernobyl, and the disciples of the Chozeh of Lublin and the Sar Shalom of Belz. The Rebbe also entertained visits from prominent Christians, including princes, counts, and writers who published articles about him in newspapers in Vienna, Berlin, Frankfurt, Prague, and other cities. In the 1870s he received a visit from Laurence Oliphant, who wanted to establish a fund to buy Palestine from the Ottoman Empire for the purpose of Jewish colonization. Oliphant believed that the Rebbe was the "leader of world Jewry" and could help him. The Rebbe demurred, saying that he was a Turkish citizen living on a Turkish passport.

Theodor Herzl, the visionary of a Jewish state, visited the Rebbe in Sadigura and suggested that the "Wonder Rebbe" move to Palestine to serve as its spiritual leader. In his diary entry of June 16, 1896, Herzl described his vision of the Jewish state as "a destination for the civilized world which will come to visit as it now visits...Sadigura". The Rebbe rejected Herzl and his ideas.

The Sadigura Rebbe was widely known and respected for his wisdom, intellect, and witty speech. Presiding as he did over a court filled with beauty and splendor, giving inspiration to the downtrodden Jews of Galicia, Romania and Ukraine, the Rebbe aroused the envy of the local *maskilim*, who sought to topple him as they had done his father. In 1856, the *maskilim* defamed him to the authorities, claiming he was in partnership with a Jewish forger taken into custody by police. The forger was in possession of a letter from the Rebbe blessing him in all his endeavors. The Rebbe was incarcerated for 15 months in a damp, cold cell with scanty food, seriously damaging his health. Upon his release, his brothers and Hasidim staged massive prayer sessions for him. One young Hasid, Mordechai Mishel of Linsk, offered to take on the Rebbe's illness in return for a share in the World to Come. The Hasid fell ill that evening and died shortly after, while the Rebbe's health improved and he lived for many more years.

The Sadigura Rebbe encouraged and abetted Jews to settle in the Holy Land. He chaired the Kolel Vohlin and completed the fund-raising for the Tiferet Yisrael Synagogue, the Ruzhiner synagogue in the Old City of Jerusalem initiated by and named after his father. The synagogue was completed in 1872. He also purchased the privilege of lighting the main bonfire at the grave of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai in Meron, Israel on Lag BaOmer from the Sephardi guardians of Meron and Safed. The Sadigura Rebbe bequeathed this honor to his surviving eldest son, Rabbi Yitzchok Friedman, the first Boyaner Rebbe, and his progeny.

## Final years and legacy

In 1881 the Sadigura Rebbe lost his eldest son, Rabbi Shlomo Friedman (1843–1881) and, two years later, his son-in-law, Rabbi Nochum Ber (1843–1883), both promising young men. Long accustomed to eating a minimal diet, the Rebbe stopped eating altogether and died on September 12, 1883 (11 Elul 5643). His *yahrtzeit* coincided with that of his elder brother, Rabbi Sholom Yosef, who died on 11 Elul thirty-two years earlier. He was buried in the same plot as his father, the Ruzhiner Rebbe, and his brother, Rabbi Dov Ber of Lieov (1822–1876), in Sadigura.

After his death, his two sons, Rabbi Yitzchok (1850–1917) and Rabbi Yisrael (1852–1907), assumed joint leadership of their father's Hasidim. Although they were content with this arrangement, many of the Sadigura Hasidim preferred to have one Rebbe, and in 1887, the brothers agreed to draw lots to determine who would stay in Sadigura and who would move out. The lots fell to Rabbi Yisrael to remain as the second Sadigura Rebbe, while Rabbi Yitzchok moved to the neighboring town of Boiany (Boyan) and established his court there, becoming the first Boyaner Rebbe.

## Lineage of Sadigura dynastic leadership

* Yisrael Friedman of Ruzhyn, Ruzhiner Rebbe (1797–1850). Re-established his court in Sadigura in 1840.
    + Sholom Yosef Friedman (1813–1851), son of Yisrael Friedman of Ruzhyn. Rebbe from 1850 to 1851.
        - Avrohom Yaakov Friedman (1820–1883), son of Yisrael Friedman of Ruzhyn. First Sadigura rebbe, from 1851 to 1883.
            * Yisrael Friedman of Sadigura (1852–1907), son of Avrohom Yaakov Friedman. Rebbe from 1883 to 1907.
                + Aharon of Sadigura (1877–1913), son of Yisrael Friedman of Sadigura. Rebbe from 1907 to 1913.
                    - Avrohom Yaakov Friedman (1884–1961), son of Yisrael Friedman of Sadigura. Rebbe from 1907 to 1961.
                        * Mordechai Sholom Yosef Friedman (1897–1979), son of Aharon of Sadigura. Rebbe from 1907 to 1979.

## InfoBox

| Avrohom Yaakov Friedman | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Title | First Sadigura Rebbe |
| Personal | |
| Born | Avrohom Yaakov Friedman
October 28, 1820
Ruzhyn, Ukraine |
| Died | September 12, 1883(1883-09-12) (aged 62)
Sadigura, Bukovina |
| Religion | Judaism |
| Spouse | Miriam |
| Children | Yitzchok Friedman
Yisrael Friedman of Sadigura |
| Parents |  |
| Jewish leader | |
| Successor | Yisrael Friedman of Sadigura |
|  | |
| Began | 1851 |
| Ended | 1883 |
| Main work | *Emes LeYaakov* |
| Dynasty | Sadigura |
|  | |


title: 2007 Singapore League Cup

abstract:
The inaugural Singapore League Cup was held in 2007. The tournament was held before the start of the S.League season that year. Prior to this tournament, there is another tournament with the same name that was held until in 1997 where the Singapore Armed Forces had defeated Geylang United by 1-0 in the final. However that old Singapore League Cup was subsequently renamed into present Singapore Cup and evolved to be the major cup competition in Singapore football. In recent years, invitational foreign teams participated in the Singapore Cup along with the local clubs. The League Cup, however, is solely reserved for domestic clubs. The 2007 competition was sponsored by SingTel, and officially titled the SingTel League Cup. A direct knockout format was used, with the first round being the quarter-final stage as only eight out of the twelve S.League teams participated in the competition. The 4 teams who withdrew due to prior pre-season commitments were:
  - Geylang United
  - Liaoning Guangyuan
  - SAFFC
  - Young Lions The winners received a prize of S$20,000 with the runners-up and second runners-up taking home S$10,000 and S$5,000 respectively. Woodlands Wellington defeated Sengkang Punggol 4-0 in the final to win the first Singapore League Cup. Gombak United defeated Home United in the third-place match 9-8 on penalties following a 1-1 draw.

text:
# 2007 Singapore League Cup

The inaugural **Singapore League Cup** was held in 2007. The tournament was held before the start of the S.League season that year. Prior to this tournament, there is another tournament with the same name that was held until in 1997 where the Singapore Armed Forces had defeated Geylang United by 1-0 in the final. However that old Singapore League Cup was subsequently renamed into present Singapore Cup and evolved to be the major cup competition in Singapore football. In recent years, invitational foreign teams participated in the Singapore Cup along with the local clubs. The League Cup, however, is solely reserved for domestic clubs.

The 2007 competition was sponsored by SingTel, and officially titled the **SingTel League Cup**. A direct knockout format was used, with the first round being the quarter-final stage as only eight out of the twelve S.League teams participated in the competition.

The 4 teams who withdrew due to prior pre-season commitments were:

The winners received a prize of S$20,000 with the runners-up and second runners-up taking home S$10,000 and S$5,000 respectively.

Woodlands Wellington defeated Sengkang Punggol 4-0 in the final to win the first Singapore League Cup. Gombak United defeated Home United in the third-place match 9-8 on penalties following a 1-1 draw.

## Results

### Round one

| Sengkang Punggol | 2  1 | Balestier Khalsa |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ross McKenzie  61'
Ekollo (Pen.)  90' | Summary | Ryuji Sueoka  61' |

---

| Gombak United | 2  1 | Albirex Niigata (S) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| O. J. Obatola  18',  61' | Summary | Eiichiro Ozaki  66' |

---

| Super Reds | 0  2 | Woodlands Wellington |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Summary | Laakkad Abdelhadi  28'
Latiff 52' |

---

| Tampines Rovers | 1  1 | Home United |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Peres de Oliveira  4' | Summary | Bangaly  70' |
| Penalties | | |
|  | 1  4 |  |

### Semifinals

| Sengkang Punggol | 0  0 | Gombak United |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Summary |  |
| Penalties | | |
|  | 4  2 |  |

Hougang Stadium

---

| Woodlands Wellington | 2  0 | Home United |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Park Tae-Won  40'
Laakkad Abdelhadi  65' | Summary
Reaction |  |

Woodlands StadiumAttendance: 1804

### Third Place Playoff

| Home United | 1  1 | Gombak United |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Egmar Goncalves  38' | Summary | O. J. Obatola  40' |
| Penalties | | |
|  | 9  8 |  |

Jalan Besar Stadium

### Final

| Sengkang Punggol | 0  4 | Woodlands Wellington |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Summary | Lucian Dronca (Pen)  19'
Akihiro Nakamura  38'
Park Tae-Won  56'
Laakkad Abdelhadi  85' |

Jalan Besar StadiumAttendance: 4071Referee: Abas Daud

## InfoBox

2007 Singapore League Cup
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | Feb 2007 |
| Teams | 8 |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Woodlands Wellington |
| Runner-up | Sengkang Punggol |
| Third place | Home United |
|  | |


title: 2021 General Tire 125

abstract: The 2021 General Tire 125 was a ARCA Menards Series East race held on May 14, 2021, at the Dover International Speedway in Dover, Delaware. It was contested over 125 laps on the 1.00-mile (1.61 km) oval. It was the fourth race of the 2021 ARCA Menards Series East season. Joe Gibbs Racing driver Ty Gibbs collected his first win of the East Series season.

text:
# 2021 General Tire 125

The **2021 General Tire 125** was a ARCA Menards Series East race held on May 14, 2021, at the Dover International Speedway in Dover, Delaware. It was contested over 125 laps on the 1.00-mile (1.61 km) oval. It was the fourth race of the 2021 ARCA Menards Series East season. Joe Gibbs Racing driver Ty Gibbs collected his first win of the East Series season.

## Background

### Entry list

* **(R)** denotes rookie driver.
* **(i)** denotes driver who is ineligible for series driver points.

| No. | Driver | Team | Manufacturer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 | Rajah Caruth | Rev Racing | Chevrolet |
| 10 | Ed Pompa | Fast Track Racing | Toyota |
| 11 | Jade Buford | Fast Track Racing | Ford |
| 12 | Dick Doheny | Fast Track Racing | Toyota |
| 15 | Drew Dollar | Venturini Motorsports | Toyota |
| 17 | David Gilliland | David Gilliland Racing | Ford |
| 18 | Ty Gibbs | Joe Gibbs Racing | Toyota |
| 25 | Jesse Love | Venturini Motorsports | Toyota |
| 28 | Kyle Sieg | RSS Racing | Chevrolet |
| 30 | Max Gutiérrez | Rette Jones Racing | Ford |
| 41 | Josh Berry | Cook-Finley Racing | Chevrolet |
| 42 | Parker Retzlaff | Cook-Finley Racing | Toyota |
| 43 | Daniel Dye | Ben Kennedy Racing | Chevrolet |
| 54 | Joey Iest | David Gilliland Racing | Ford |
| 74 | Mason Diaz | Visconti Motorsports | Toyota |
| 81 | Sammy Smith | Joe Gibbs Racing | Toyota |
| 91 | Justin Carroll | TC Motorsports | Toyota |
| 02 | Connor Mosack | Young's Motorsports | Chevrolet |
| Official entry list | | | | | | |

## Practice/Qualifying

Practice and Qualifying were combined for this race. The fastest lap in practice counted as a qualifying lap. Ty Gibbs won the pole with a time of 23.168 seconds and a speed of 155.387 miles per hour (250.071 km/h)

### Starting Lineups

| Pos | No | Driver | Team | Manufacturer | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 18 | Ty Gibbs | Joe Gibbs Racing | Toyota | 23.168 |
| 2 | 54 | Joey Iest | David Gilliland Racing | Ford | 23.737 |
| 3 | 6 | Rajah Caruth | GMS Racing | Chevrolet | 23.745 |
| 4 | 15 | Drew Dollar | Venturini Motorsports | Toyota | 23.745 |
| 5 | 81 | Sammy Smith | Joe Gibbs Racing | Toyota | 23.762 |
| 6 | 17 | David Gilliland | David Gilliland Racing | Ford | 24.000 |
| 7 | 41 | Josh Berry | Cook-Finley Racing | Chevrolet | 24.002 |
| 8 | 30 | Max Gutierrez | Rette Jones Racing | Ford | 24.033 |
| 9 | 74 | Mason Diaz | Visconti Motorsports | Toyota | 24.409 |
| 10 | 25 | Jesse Love | Venturini Motorsports | Toyota | 24.409 |
| 11 | 42 | Parker Retzlaff | Cook-Finley Racing | Toyota | 24.420 |
| 12 | 11 | Jade Buford | Fast Track Racing | Ford | 24.527 |
| 13 | 28 | Kyle Sieg | RSS Racing | Chevrolet | 24.451 |
| 14 | 02 | Connor Mosack | Young's Motorsports | Chevrolet | 24.621 |
| 15 | 43 | Daniel Dye | Ben Kennedy Racing | Chevrolet | 24.947 |
| 16 | 91 | Justin Carroll | TC Motorsports | Toyota | 25.078 |
| 17 | 10 | Ed Pompa | Fast Track Racing | Toyota | 25.812 |
| 18 | 12 | Dick Doheny | Fast Track Racing | Toyota | 28.309 |
| Official qualifying results | | | | | |
|

## Race

### Race results

| Pos | Grid | No | Driver | Team | Manufacturer | Laps | Points | Status |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | 18 | Ty Gibbs | Joe Gibbs Racing | Toyota | 125 | 49 | Running |
| 2 | 7 | 41 | Josh Berry | Cook-Finley Racing | Chevrolet | 125 | 42 | Running |
| 3 | 6 | 17 | David Gilliland | David Gilliland Racing | Ford | 125 | 41 | Running |
| 4 | 5 | 81 | Sammy Smith | Joe Gibbs Racing | Toyota | 125 | 40 | Running |
| 5 | 8 | 30 | Max Gutierrez | Rette Jones Racing | Ford | 125 | 39 | Running |
| 6 | 15 | 43 | Daniel Dye | Ben Kennedy Racing | Chevrolet | 125 | 38 | Running |
| 7 | 14 | 02 | Connor Mosack | Young's Motorsports | Chevrolet | 125 | 37 | Running |
| 8 | 2 | 54 | Joey Iest | David Gilliland Racing | Ford | 125 | 36 | Running |
| 9 | 12 | 11 | Jade Buford | Fast Track Racing | Ford | 125 | 35 | Running |
| 10 | 17 | 10 | Ed Pompa | Fast Track Racing | Toyota | 121 | 34 | Running |
| 11 | 9 | 74 | Mason Diaz | Visconti Motorsports | Toyota | 118 | 33 | Overheating |
| 12 | 11 | 42 | Parker Retzlaff | Cook-Finley Racing | Toyota | 113 | 32 | Running |
| 13 | 13 | 28 | Kyle Sieg | RSS Racing | Chevrolet | 83 | 31 | Crash |
| 14 | 3 | 6 | Rajah Caruth | Rev Racing | Chevrolet | 74 | 30 | Crash |
| 15 | 18 | 12 | Dick Doheny | Fast Track Racing | Toyota | 27 | 29 | Mechanical |
| 16 | 4 | 15 | Drew Dollar | Venturini Motorsports | Toyota | 24 | 28 | Crash |
| 17 | 16 | 91 | Justin Carroll | TC Motorsports | Toyota | 21 | 27 | Crash |
| 18 | 10 | 25 | Jesse Love | Venturini Motorsports | Toyota | 20 | 26 | Engine |
|

## InfoBox

2021 General Tire 125
| Race details | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Race 4 of 8 in the 2021 ARCA Menards Series East season | | | |
|  | | | |
| Date | May 14, 2021 (2021-05-14) | | |
| Location | Dover International Speedway in Dover, Delaware | | |
| Course | Permanent racing facility<br>1.00 mi (1.61 km) | | |
| Distance | 125 laps, 125.000 mi (201.168 km) | | |
| Average speed | 85.05 miles per hour (136.87 km/h) | | |
| Pole position | | | |
| Driver |  | Joe Gibbs Racing |
| Time | 23.168 | | |
| Most laps led | | | |
| Driver | Ty Gibbs | Joe Gibbs Racing |
| Laps | 125 | | |
| Winner | | | |
| No. 18 | Ty Gibbs | Joe Gibbs Racing |


title: Fitting ideal

abstract: In commutative algebra, the Fitting ideals of a finitely generated module over a commutative ring describe the obstructions to generating the module by a given number of elements. They were introduced by Hans Fitting (1936).

text:
# Fitting ideal

In commutative algebra, the **Fitting ideals** of a finitely generated module over a commutative ring describe the obstructions to generating the module by a given number of elements. They were introduced by Hans Fitting (1936).

## Definition

If *M* is a finitely generated module over a commutative ring *R* generated by elements *m*1,...,*m**n* with relations

$$a\_{j1}m\_{1}+\cdots +a\_{jn}m\_{n}=0\ ({\text{for }j=1,2,\dots )}$$

then the *i*th Fitting ideal $\operatorname {Fitt} \_{i}(M)$ of *M* is generated by the minors (determinants of submatrices) of order $n-i$ of the matrix $a\_{jk}$. The Fitting ideals do not depend on the choice of generators and relations of *M*.

Some authors defined the Fitting ideal $I(M)$ to be the first nonzero Fitting ideal $\operatorname {Fitt} \_{i}(M)$.

## Properties

The Fitting ideals are increasing

$$\operatorname {Fitt} \_{0}(M)\subseteq \operatorname {Fitt} \_{1}(M)\subseteq \operatorname {Fitt} \_{2}(M)\subseteq \cdots $$

If *M* can be generated by *n* elements then Fitt*n*(*M*) = *R*, and if *R* is local the converse holds. We have Fitt0(*M*)  Ann(*M*) (the annihilator of *M*), and Ann(*M*)Fitt*i*(*M*)  Fitt*i*1(*M*), so in particular if *M* can be generated by *n* elements then Ann(*M*)*n*  Fitt0(*M*).

## Examples

If *M* is free of rank *n* then the Fitting ideals $\operatorname {Fitt} \_{i}(M)$ are zero for *i*\<*n* and *R* for *i*  *n*.

If *M* is a finite abelian group of order $|M|$ (considered as a module over the integers) then the Fitting ideal $\operatorname {Fitt} \_{0}(M)$ is the ideal $(|M|)$.

The Alexander polynomial of a knot is a generator of the Fitting ideal of the first homology of the infinite abelian cover of the knot complement.

## Fitting image

The zeroth Fitting ideal can be used also to give a variant of the notion of scheme-theoretic image of a morphism, a variant that behaves well in families. Specifically, given a finite morphism of noetherian schemes $f\colon X\rightarrow Y$, the $\mathcal {O}\_{Y}$-module $f\_{\*}{\mathcal {O}\_{X}}$ is coherent, so we may define $\operatorname {Fitt} \_{0}(f\_{\*}{\mathcal {O}\_{X})}$ as a coherent sheaf of $\mathcal {O}\_{Y}$-ideals; the corresponding closed subscheme of $Y$ is called the **Fitting image** of *f*.


abstract: The women's 4 x 100 metres relay at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Vienna, at the time part of German Reich, at Praterstadion on 18 September 1938.

text:
# 1938 European Athletics Championships – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay

The **women's 4 x 100 metres relay** at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Vienna, at the time part of German Reich, at Praterstadion on 18 September 1938.

## Medalists

| **Gold** | Josefine Kohl
Käthe Krauß
Emmy Albus
Ida Kühnel
*Germany* |
| --- | --- |
| **Silver** | Barbara Książkiewicz
Otylia Kałuża
Jadwiga Gawrońska
Stanisława Walasiewicz
*Poland* |
| **Bronze** | Maria Alfero
Maria Apollonio
Rosetta Cattaneo
Italia Lucchini
*Italy* |

## Results

### Final

18 September

| Rank | Nation | Competitors | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Germany | Josefine Kohl
Käthe Krauß
Emmy Albus
Ida Kühnel | 46.8 | CR |
|  | Poland | Barbara Książkiewicz
Otylia Kałuża
Jadwiga Gawrońska
Stanisława Walasiewicz | 48.2 |  |
|  | Italy | Maria Alfero
Maria Apollonio
Rosetta Cattaneo
Italia Lucchini | 49.4 |  |
| 4 | Hungary | Ilona Balla
Anna Lörinczi
Sarolta Fehér
Rózalia Nagy | 50.8 |  |
| 5 | Norway | Ella Undli
Aashild Brandvold
Solveig Wennewold
Sigrid Sivertsen | 51.1 |  |
|  | Great Britain | Leonard Chalmers
Audrey Brown
Dorothy Saunders
Betty Lock | DQ |  |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 24 athletes from 6 countries participated in the event. The fourth member of the Norwegian relay team is unknown.

## InfoBox

| Women's 4 x 100 metres relay
at the European Athletics Championships | |
| --- | --- |


title: Balance (metaphysics)

abstract: In metaphysics, balance is a point between two opposite forces that is desirable over purely one state or the other, such as a balance between the metaphysical law and chaos — law by itself being overly controlling, chaos being overly unmanageable, balance being the point that minimizes the negatives of both. More recently, the term "balance" has come to refer to a balance of power between multiple opposing forces. Lack of balance is generally considered to cause aggression by stronger forces towards weaker forces less capable of defending themselves. In the real world, unbalanced stronger forces tend to portray themselves as balanced, and use media controls to downplay this, as well as prevent weaker forces from coming together to achieve a new balance of power. In constructed worlds, such as in video gaming, where nearly all-powerful corporate interests strive to maintain a balance of power among players, players tend to be extremely vocal about what they see as unbalanced mechanics, providing the unbalance negatively affects them. Though the strong and unbalanced players commonly are vigorous in denial of any lack of balance, the comparative media equality among all player brings change quickly, to further a sense of balance.

text:
# Balance (metaphysics)

In metaphysics, **balance** is a point between two opposite forces that is desirable over purely one state or the other, such as a balance between the metaphysical law and chaos  law by itself being overly controlling, chaos being overly unmanageable, balance being the point that minimizes the negatives of both.

More recently, the term "balance" has come to refer to a balance of power between multiple opposing forces. Lack of balance (of power) is generally considered to cause aggression by stronger forces towards weaker forces less capable of defending themselves. In the real world, unbalanced stronger forces tend to portray themselves as balanced, and use media controls to downplay this, as well as prevent weaker forces from coming together to achieve a new balance of power. In constructed worlds, such as in video gaming, where nearly all-powerful corporate interests strive to maintain a balance of power among players, players tend to be extremely vocal about what they see as unbalanced mechanics, providing the unbalance negatively affects them. Though the strong and unbalanced (or "overpowered") players commonly are vigorous in denial of any lack of balance, the comparative media equality among all player brings change quickly, to further a sense of balance.

## Artistic balance

The twentieth century saw the development of both law and chaos in art and art music to the point that the end product became unintelligible at an instinctive/emotional level. Many composers saw one or other of these controlling trends as superior to the other. The truth may lie in a fundamental acceptance of balance as the controlling force in art. In time, we may even come to accept balance between structural and emotional as the essence of beauty.

## Moral balance

In philosophy, the concept of moral balance exists in various forms, one of them is the golden mean, which has virtue being between the extreme and the lacking. Greek philosophers—such as Plato, Aristotle, and the Pythagoreans (who related moral excellence with mathematical perfection)—applied the principle to ethics as well as politics. "Nothing in excess" was one of the three phrases carved into the Temple of Apollo at Delphi.

In Buddhism, this concept is known as the middle way, or *samatā*, which stated that the way to nirvana led between bodily sexual indulgence and self-mortification and asceticism.

Confucian teachings contain the similar doctrine of Zhōngyōng; the middle.


title: Aspidoscelis carmenensis

abstract: Aspidoscelis carmenensis, the Carmen Island whiptail, is a species of teiid lizard endemic to Carmen Island in Mexico.

text:
# Aspidoscelis carmenensis

***Aspidoscelis carmenensis***, the **Carmen Island whiptail**, is a species of teiid lizard endemic to Carmen Island in Mexico.

## InfoBox

| *Aspidoscelis carmenensis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Teiidae |
| Genus: | *Aspidoscelis* |
| Species: | ***A. carmenensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aspidoscelis carmenensis***
(Maslin & Secoy, 1986) | |
|


title: FERM domain

abstract: In molecular biology, the FERM domain is a widespread protein module involved in localising proteins to the plasma membrane. FERM domains are found in a number of cytoskeletal-associated proteins that associate with various proteins at the interface between the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton. The FERM domain is located at the N terminus in the majority of proteins in which it is found.

text:
# FERM domain

| FERM central domain | |
| --- | --- |
| crystal structure of the protein 4.1r membrane binding domain | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | FERM\_M |
| Pfam | PF00373 |
| InterPro | IPR019748 |
| SCOP2 | 1gc7 / SCOPe / SUPFAM |
| CDD | cd14473 |
| Available protein structures:  Pfam structures / ECOD  PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj  PDBsum structure summary | |

| FERM C-terminal PH-like domain | |
| --- | --- |
| crystal structure of the radixin ferm domain complexed with the nep cytoplasmic tail | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | FERM\_C |
| Pfam | PF09380 |
| Pfam clan | CL0266 |
| InterPro | IPR018980 |
| SCOP2 | 1ef1 / SCOPe / SUPFAM |
| CDD | cd00836 |
| Available protein structures:  Pfam structures / ECOD  PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj  PDBsum structure summary | |

In molecular biology, the **FERM domain** (F for 4.1 protein, E for ezrin, R for radixin and M for moesin) is a widespread protein module involved in localising proteins to the plasma membrane. FERM domains are found in a number of cytoskeletal-associated proteins that associate with various proteins at the interface between the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton. The FERM domain is located at the N terminus in the majority of proteins in which it is found.

## Structure and function

Ezrin, moesin, and radixin are highly related proteins (ERM protein family), but the other proteins in which the FERM domain is found do not share any region of similarity outside of this domain. ERM proteins are made of three domains, the FERM domain, a central helical domain and a C-terminal tail domain, which binds F-actin. The amino-acid sequence of the FERM domain is highly conserved among ERM proteins and is responsible for membrane association by direct binding to the cytoplasmic domain or tail of integral membrane proteins. ERM proteins are regulated by an intramolecular association of the FERM and C-terminal tail domains that masks their binding sites for other molecules. For cytoskeleton-membrane cross-linking, the dormant molecules becomes activated and the FERM domain attaches to the membrane by binding specific membrane proteins, while the last 34 residues of the tail bind actin filaments. Aside from binding to membranes, the activated FERM domain of ERM proteins can also bind the guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor of Rho GTPase (RhoGDI), which suggests that in addition to functioning as a cross-linker, ERM proteins may influence Rho signalling pathways. The crystal structure of the FERM domain reveals that it is composed of three structural modules (F1, F2, and F3) that together form a compact clover-shaped structure. The N-terminal module is ubiquitin-like. The C-terminal module is a PH-like domain.

The FERM domain has also been called the amino-terminal domain, the 30kDa domain, 4.1N30, the membrane-cytoskeletal-linking domain, the ERM-like domain, the ezrin-like domain of the band 4.1 superfamily, the conserved N-terminal region, and the membrane attachment domain.

## Examples

FERM domain containing proteins include:

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR018980 This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR019748 This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR018979

## InfoBox

| FERM N-terminal domain | |
| --- | --- |
| crystal structure of the ferm domain of merlin, the neurofibromatosis 2 tumor suppressor protein. | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | FERM\_N |
| Pfam | PF09379 |
| Pfam clan | CL0072 |
| InterPro | IPR018979 |
| SCOP2 | 1gc7 / SCOPe / SUPFAM |
| OPM superfamily | 49 |
| OPM protein | 1gc6 |
| Membranome | 161 |
| Available protein structures:  Pfam structures / ECOD  PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj  PDBsum structure summary | |


title: Eric Westbrook

abstract: Dr Eric Westbrook was a British-born Australian artist, curator and gallery director of Auckland Art Gallery and the National Gallery of Victoria.

text:
# Eric Westbrook

**Dr Eric Westbrook** CB (29 September 1915 – 2005) was a British-born Australian artist, curator and gallery director of Auckland Art Gallery and the National Gallery of Victoria.

## Early life and education

Eric Westbrook was born in Peckham, south-east London on 29 September 1915. In childhood, he accompanied is father, a businessman in the textile industry, on his travels in Europe and waiting for him in museums, an experience which made a lasting impression on his love of art and of galleries.

He was taught by Walter Sickert and Mark Gertler in painting courses at art schools including Battersea, Clapham and Westminster School of Art, and supported his studies by working as a telephone operator. Despite being scholarship winner, he decided he could make a better contribution as a connoisseur than as a painter, and went to Paris in 1934, at age nineteen, to tour its galleries and to see contemporary art.

During World War II, and after graduating from art school, he was rejected for service in the infantry on the grounds of 'puniness' and instead worked in intelligence liaison and army education. In 1944 he met his first wife, domestic science teacher Ingrid Nystrom, in an air-raid shelter. He took up art teaching after the war for the London County Council before being appointed art master at Ardingly College, Sussex. This led to work for the Arts Council of Great Britain as one of four guide lecturers touring Britain with art exhibitions, and in another role he set up art education for the army and advised the YMCA Youth Clubs in Britain.

## Curatorship

Westbrook was approached by the retiring director of the Wakefield Art Gallery (est. 1934, and since 2011 named The Hepworth Wakefield) in West Yorkshire in 1946 to apply for the position. Successful, he became Britain’s youngest gallery director. During his tenure he organised a retrospective of the work of Henry Moore who was born 60 km from Wakefield. The exhibition attracted controversial attention when president of the Royal Academy of Arts Alfred Munnings in his 1949 radio-broadcast valedictory speech in 1949 attacked Modernism, identifying Moore as an offending artist. The material Westbrook generated for the show was taken up for a British Council European tour of Moore's work. This led three years later to Westbrook being invited to join the Fine Arts Department of the British Council as chief exhibitions officer, arranging traveling exhibitions on British to most European countries, and twice in charge of the British pavilion at the Venice Biennale. While in Greece during one of these tours, he was informed that Auckland City Art Gallery was seeking a new director. In 1952 he successfully applied and flew back to England through America to visit galleries there.

For the next four and a half years as director at Auckland he was innovative in exhibitions and expanding activities of the gallery in other arts by inaugurating poetry readings, concerts and summer schools, lecturing and broadcaster. In recognition, the Art Galleries and Museums Association of New Zealand appointed him an honorary life member in 1959.

Westbrook oversaw an 'unusual exhibition' in July 1952, where drawings for the top 16 entrants in the Sea Spray magazine 20' LWL fast cruising yacht design international competition were displayed in the gallery.

In 1955 with Daryl Lindsay’s impending retirement as director of the National Gallery of Victoria, Westbrook was invited to apply for the position and he was appointed on 1 January 1956, aged forty-one years, on a salary of £1,868 p.a. ($A220,000.00 at 2018 value). Negotiating with a new Victorian Government, he worked to restructure the gallery and increase staffing, raising the profile of the Gallery through his lectures and on the media. He supported the establishment in 1957 of the Victorian Public Galleries Group (later named Regional Galleries Association of Victoria).

A period of travel in Europe 1957 enabled Westbrook to inspect museums in the Soviet Union and elsewhere, following which in 1960 he and architect Roy Grounds toured 122 galleries and museums and other cultural buildings in Europe and America, as they planned for the removal of the gallery from Melbourne’s public library to a new complex at Southbank and St Kilda Road and the development there of an Arts Centre. Study leave on a Carnegie Fellowship in 1965 led him in 1967 to establish the NGV voluntary guide service as an interactive and friendly means of introducing audiences to art in institutions which they may find daunting. In a 1965 interview for a *Walkabout* magazine profile, he asserted an aim to make art and all forms of culture more accessible.

In 1968 construction of the new building for the National Gallery of Victoria was completed, though the design, met with the disapproval of some commentators, including art patron John Reed of the Museum of Modern Art Australia, who ridiculed it as "an unmitigated disaster." The process was commemorated by Westbrook in *Birth of a Gallery* which incorporates a transcript of conversations between the director and architect Grounds. The first exhibition in the new building, *The Field*, is still regarded as historic and influential for breaking with nationalistic Modernist Australian art to represent emerging artists working in challenging international styles. He proposed in a 1962 interview that the Centre in St Kilda Road would provide "information, stimulation and relaxation for citizens" and that from it a huge creative effort by artists would result in a building designed for its best display, adding that "...it's an ‘instrument’ which we are leaning to play," his role being like that of an orchestral conductor.

In 1970 he was appointed president of UNESCO Visual Arts Committee, but his directorship sometimes met with controversy; he was instrumental in the Gallery becoming the first in Australia to have a photography department, eventually with its own curator Jennie Boddington; in 1973 Westbrook mounted a large retrospective of work by socialist artist Noel Counihan to criticism from the staff and trustees on grounds that it either was insufficiently 'modern' or that its subversive nature might bring the gallery into disrepute, but Professor (Sir) Joseph Burke's support in opening the exhibition carried weight with most trustees, leading to Counihan's acceptance as a major Australian artist; and an exhibition of Leonard French, who was then Westbrook's exhibitions officer met the disapproval of Professor Bernard Smith and his Antipodeans.

## Late career

Westbrook retired from the National Gallery of Victoria in 1975 and until 1980 he headed the Victorian Ministry for the Arts, moving then with his second wife non-objective painter Dawn Sime to Castlemaine. There he resumed his practice as an artist and supported the Castlemaine Art Gallery and Museum for which he had formerly provided advice on buildings collections while in his role of Director at the NGV.

## Awards

## Publications

* Sime, Dawn; Westbrook, Eric; Charles Nodrum Gallery (2007), *Dawn Sime & Eric Westbrook*, Charles Nodrum Gallery
* Westbrook, Eric; Victoria. Council of Adult Education; National Gallery of Victoria (1960), *The Australian vision*, National Gallery of Victoria
* Duldig, Karl; Ruskin, Pamela (1966), *Karl Dulding sculpture : Vienna, Singapore, Melbourne*, Cheshire
* Westbrook, Eric; National Gallery of Victoria (1990), *The Sistine Chapel : a photographic exploration*, \[National Gallery of Victoria?\]
* Westbrook, Eric; Quality of life (1970 : Sherbrooke, Vic.); Westbrook, Eric (1970), *The quality of life : papers delivered at a conference, November 28-29th, 1970, YUNA-CIVIS*, \[YUNA-CIVIS\]`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
* Westbrook, Eric; National Gallery of Victoria (1961), *6 Australian painters*, National Gallery of Victoria
* International Community Education Conference (3rd : 1979 : Melbourne, Vic.); Victoria. Ministry for the Arts (1979), *Artists catalogue*, Victorian Ministry for the Arts`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
* Sellbach, Udo; Dodds, Peter; Council of Adult Education; Education Dept; National Gallery of Victoria (1967), *Printmakers*, \[National Gallery of Victoria
* Philip Morris Arts Grant; Westbrook, Eric; Mollison, James, 1931-; Philip Morris (Australia) Arts Grant (1974), *The Philip Morris Arts Grant First Annual Exhibition : 1974*, Philip Morris (Australia)\]`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
* National Gallery of Victoria; Cogniat, Raymond; Kunstler, Charles (1971), *Pierre Bonnard, 1867-1947*, National Gallery of Victoria
* Westbrook, Eric; Brown, Albert; National Gallery of Victoria; Westbrook, Eric; Brown, Albert (1968), *The perceptive eye representing five photographers from Kodak Collection*, \[National Gallery of Victoria\]
* Williams, Fred; McClelland Gallery (1975), *The etchings of Fred Williams at the McClelland Gallery*, McClelland Gallery
* National Gallery of Victoria; Westbrook, Eric; Heathcote, Christopher, 1959- (2000), *1956 Melbourne*, National Gallery of Victoria`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
* Murray-Smith, Stephen, 1922-1988; Turner, Ian, 1922-1978 (1979), *Overland 76/77 : Ian Turner memorial number*, Stephen Murray-Smith`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)


title: Bainville-aux-Saules

abstract: Bainville-aux-Saules is a commune in Lorraine, part of the Vosges department, in Grand Est in northeastern France.

text:
# Bainville-aux-Saules

**Bainville-aux-Saules** (French pronunciation: \[bɛ̃vil o sol\] ) is a commune in Lorraine, part of the Vosges department, in Grand Est in northeastern France.

## Geography

The river Madon flows through the commune.

## Notable residents

## InfoBox

| Bainville-aux-Saules | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church in Bainville-aux-Saules | |
| Location of Bainville-aux-Saules | |
| Bainville-aux-SaulesBainville-aux-Saules | |
| Coordinates: 48°12′26″N 6°08′17″E / 48.2072°N 6.1381°E / 48.2072; 6.1381 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Grand Est |
| Department | Vosges |
| Arrondissement | Épinal |
| Canton | Darney |
| Intercommunality | CC Mirecourt Dompaire |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Gérald Noël |
| Area**1** | 5.61 km2 (2.17 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 154 |
| Density | 27/km2 (71/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 88030 /88270 |
| Elevation | 283–382 m (928–1,253 ft)
(avg. 300 m or 980 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Evotella

abstract: Evotella is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains only one known species, Evotella rubiginosa, endemic to South Africa.

text:
# Evotella

***Evotella*** is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains only one known species, ***Evotella rubiginosa***, endemic to South Africa.

* Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. (1999). Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press.
* Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. (2001). Genera Orchidacearum 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
* Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. (2003). Genera Orchidacearum 3. Oxford Univ. Press
* Berg Pana, H. 2005. *Handbuch der Orchideen-Namen. Dictionary of Orchid Names. Dizionario dei nomi delle orchidee*. Ulmer, Stuttgart

Data related to Evotella at Wikispecies

## InfoBox

| *Evotella* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Botanical illustration of *Evotella rubiginosa* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Tribe: | Orchideae |
| Subtribe: | Coryciinae |
| Genus: | *Evotella*
Kurzweil & H.P.Linder |
| Species: | ***E. rubiginosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Evotella rubiginosa***
(Sond. ex Bolus) Kurzweil & H.P.Linder | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pterygodium rubiginosum* Sond. ex Bolus * *Corycium rubiginosum* (Sond. ex Bolus) Rolfe in W.H.Harvey | |


title: 1971 Prague Skate

abstract: The 1971 Prague Skate was a senior international figure skating competition held 13–14 November 1971 in Czechoslovakia. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's and ladies' singles. Italian national champion Stefano Bargauan won the men's title ahead of Czechoslovakia's Zdeněk Pazdírek and Swiss champion Daniel Höner. After finishing 12th a year earlier, Hana Knapová took gold in the ladies' event, defeating future Olympic champion Anett Pötzsch of East Germany and Switzerland's Karin Iten.

text:
# 1971 Prague Skate

The **1971 Prague Skate** was a senior international figure skating competition held 13–14 November 1971 in Czechoslovakia. Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's and ladies' singles. Italian national champion Stefano Bargauan won the men's title ahead of Czechoslovakia's Zdeněk Pazdírek and Swiss champion Daniel Höner. After finishing 12th a year earlier, Hana Knapová took gold in the ladies' event, defeating future Olympic champion Anett Pötzsch of East Germany and Switzerland's Karin Iten.

## Results

### Men

| Rank | Name | Nation |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **1** | Stefano Bargauan | Italy |
| **2** | Zdenek Pazdirek | Czechoslovakia |
| **3** | Daniel Höner | Switzerland |
| 4 | Jozef Žídek | Czechoslovakia |
| 5 | Frantisek Pechar | Czechoslovakia |
| ... |  |  |

### Ladies

| Rank | Name | Nation |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **1** | Hana Knapova | Czechoslovakia |
| **2** | Anett Pötzsch | West Germany |
| **3** | Karin Iten | Switzerland |
| 4 | Iva Matysova | Czechoslovakia |
| 5 | Zdenka Fiuraskova | Czechoslovakia |
| ... |  |  |

## InfoBox

| 1971 Prague Skate | |
| --- | --- |
| Date: | 13–14 November |
| Season: | 1971–1972 |
| Location: | Prague, Czechoslovakia |
| Champions | |
| Men's singles:
Hana Knapová (TCH) | |
| Ladies' singles:
Stefano Bargauan (ITA) | |
|  | |
| Previous:
1970 Prague Skate | |
| Next:
1972 Prague Skate | |