abstract: The 1967 European Figure Skating Championships were held in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

text:
# 1967 European Figure Skating Championships

The **1967 European Figure Skating Championships** were held in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia. Elite senior-level figure skaters from European ISU member nations competed for the title of European Champion in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.

## Results

### Men

| Rank | Name | Places |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **1** | Emmerich Danzer |  |
| **2** | Wolfgang Schwarz |  |
| **3** | Ondrej Nepela |  |
| 4 | Patrick Péra |  |
| 5 | Sergey Chetverukhin |  |
| 6 | Robert Dureville |  |
| 7 | Günter Zöller |  |
| 8 | Peter Krick |  |
| 9 | Philippe Pélissier |  |
| 10 | Marian Filc |  |
| 11 | Günter Anderl |  |
| 12 | Jenő Ébert |  |
| 13 | Michael Williams |  |
| 14 | Jürgen Eberwein |  |
| 15 | Josef Tůma |  |
| 16 | Zdzisław Pieńkowski |  |
| 17 | Daniel Höner |  |
| 18 | Reinhard Mirmseker |  |
| 19 | Tony Berntler |  |
| 20 | Arne Hoffmann |  |

### Ladies

| Rank | Name | Places |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **1** | Gabriele Seyfert |  |
| **2** | Hana Mašková |  |
| **3** | Zsuzsa Almássy | 31 |
| 4 | Sally-Anne Stapleford |  |
| 5 | Beatrix Schuba |  |
| 6 | Monika Feldmann |  |
| 7 | Elisabeth Mikula |  |
| 8 | Yelena Shcheglova |  |
| 9 | Petra Ruhrmann |  |
| 10 | Beate Richter |  |
| 11 | Zsuzsa Szentmiklóssy |  |
| 12 | Sylvaine Duban |  |
| 13 | Linda Davis |  |
| 14 | Martina Clausner |  |
| 15 | Rita Trapanese |  |
| 16 | Marie Víchová |  |
| 17 | Micheline Joubert |  |
| 18 | Eva Gašparcová |  |
| 19 | Britt Elfving |  |
| 20 | Pia Zürcher |  |
| 21 | Barbara Warmińska |  |
| 22 | Jette Vad |  |
| 23 | Katjuša Derenda |  |
| 24 | Elena Mois |  |

### Pairs

| Rank | Name | Places |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **1** | Lyudmila Belousova / Oleg Protopopov |  |
| **2** | Margot Glockshuber / Wolfgang Danne |  |
| **3** | Heidemarie Steiner / Heinz-Ulrich Walther |  |
| 4 | Gudrun Hauss / Walter Häfner |  |
| 5 | Tatyana Sharanova / Anatoliy Yevdokimov |  |
| 6 | Tamara Moskvina / Aleksey Mishin |  |
| 7 | Brigitte Weise / Michael Brychy |  |
| 8 | Janina Poremska / Piotr Szczypa |  |
| 9 | Bohunka Šrámková / Jan Šrámek |  |
| 10 | Monique Mathys / Yves Ällig |  |
| 11 | Marianne Streifler / Herbert Wiesinger |  |
| 12 | Irene Müller / Hans-Georg Dallmer |  |
| 13 | Evelyne Schneider / Wilhelm Bietak |  |
| 14 | Mónika Szabó / Péter Szabó |  |
| 15 | Linda Bernard / Raymond Wilson |  |
| 16 | Anci Dolenc / Mitja Sketa |  |
| 17 | Anikken Støa / Erik Grünert |  |

### Ice dance

| Rank | Name | Places |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **1** | Diane Towler / Bernard Ford |  |
| **2** | Yvonne Suddick / Malcolm Cannon |  |
| **3** | Brigitte Martin / Francis Gamichon |  |
| 4 | Janet Sawbridge / Jon Lane |  |
| 5 | Gabriele Matysik / Rudi Matysik |  |
| 6 | Jitka Babická / Jaromír Holan |  |
| 7 | Annerose Baier / Eberhard Rüger |  |
| 8 | Irina Grishkova / Viktor Ryzhkin |  |
| 9 | Edit Mató / Károly Csanádi |  |
| 10 | Lyudmila Pakhomova / Aleksandr Gorshkov |  |
| 11 | Dana Novotná / Jaroslav Hainz |  |
| 12 | Milena Tůmová / Josef Pešek |  |
| 13 | Heide Mezger / Herbert Rothkappel |  |
| 14 | Susanna Carpani / Sergio Pirelli |  |
| 15 | Ilona Berecz / István Sugár |  |
| 16 | Norma Allwelt / Michael Schmidt |  |
| 17 | Truusje Geradts / Ronald du Burck |  |
| 18 | Angelika Trojahn / Joachim Metz |  |

## InfoBox

| 1967 European Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Type: | ISU Championship |
| Season: | 1966-67 |
| Location: | Ljubljana, Slovenia, Yugoslavia |
| Venue: | Tivoli Hall |
| Champions | |
| Men's singles:
Emmerich Danzer | |
| Ladies' singles:
Gabriele Seyfert | |
| Pairs:
Lyudmila Belousova / Oleg Protopopov | |
| Ice dance:
Diane Towler / Bernard Ford | |
|  | |
| Previous:
1966 European Championships | |
| Next:
1968 European Championships | |


title: Andy Riley

abstract: Andy Riley is a British author, cartoonist, and Emmy-winning screenwriter for TV and film. Riley has written and drawn many best-selling cartoon books, including The Book of Bunny Suicides (2003) and its sequels, and Great Lies To Tell Small Kids (2005). From 2002 until February 2010 he drew a weekly comic strip called Roasted in The Observer Magazine, a collection of which was released in book form in 2007. Riley also publishes the King Flashypants series of children's books. With Kevin Cecil, his friend since they attended Aylesbury Grammar School, he created and wrote the sitcoms Year of the Rabbit for Channel 4 and IFC, The Great Outdoors for BBC Four, Hyperdrive for BBC Two and Slacker Cats for the ABC Family Channel. Their other television work includes Veep, Black Books, the Comic Relief one-off special Robbie the Reindeer, for which he and Cecil won a BAFTA in 2000, Little Britain, Tracey Ullman's Show, Trigger Happy TV, So Graham Norton, Smack the Pony, The Armando Iannucci Shows, Harry and Paul, Big Bad World, Come Fly With Me, and Spitting Image. The Radio Four panel game they wrote with Jon Holmes and Tony Roche, The 99p Challenge, ran for five series from 2000. They wrote for the Miramax animated feature Gnomeo and Juliet, and its sequel Sherlock Gnomes. Riley has co-written two TV adaptations of David Walliams books: Gangsta Granny and The Boy in the Dress. Riley was educated at Aylesbury Grammar School and Pembroke College, Oxford, where he read Modern History.

text:
# Andy Riley

**Andy Riley** (born 1970) is a British author, cartoonist, and Emmy-winning screenwriter for TV and film.

Riley has written and drawn many best-selling cartoon books, including *The Book of Bunny Suicides* (2003) and its sequels, and *Great Lies To Tell Small Kids* (2005). From 2002 until February 2010 he drew a weekly comic strip called *Roasted* in *The Observer Magazine*, a collection of which was released in book form in 2007. Riley also publishes the King Flashypants series of children's books*.*

With Kevin Cecil, his friend since they attended Aylesbury Grammar School, he created and wrote the sitcoms *Year of the Rabbit* for Channel 4 and IFC, *The Great Outdoors* for BBC Four, *Hyperdrive* for BBC Two and *Slacker Cats* for the ABC Family Channel. Their other television work includes *Veep* (for which they each won an Emmy in 2015 in the Outstanding Comedy Series category), *Black Books*, the Comic Relief one-off special *Robbie the Reindeer*, for which he and Cecil won a BAFTA in 2000, *Little Britain*, Tracey Ullman's Show, *Trigger Happy TV*, *So Graham Norton*, *Smack the Pony*, *The Armando Iannucci Shows*, *Harry and Paul*, *Big Bad World*, *Come Fly With Me*, and *Spitting Image*. The Radio Four panel game they wrote with Jon Holmes and Tony Roche, *The 99p Challenge*, ran for five series from 2000.

They wrote for the Miramax animated feature *Gnomeo and Juliet,* and its sequel *Sherlock Gnomes.*

Riley has co-written two TV adaptations of *David Walliams* books: *Gangsta Granny* and *The Boy in the Dress*.

Riley was educated at Aylesbury Grammar School and Pembroke College, Oxford, where he read Modern History.

## Screenwriting credits

| Production | Notes | Broadcaster |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *The Good Sex Guide* | * Unknown episodes (1993) | ITV |
| *Smith & Jones: One Night Stand* | * Television film (co-written with Mark Burton, Kevin Cecil, Simon Godley, Rory McGrath, John O'Farrell, Griff Rhys Jones and Mel Smith, 1994) | N/A |
| *The Friday Night Armistice* | * Unknown episodes (1995) | BBC Two |
| *Jack and Jeremy's Real Lives* | * Unknown episodes (1996) (additional material) | Channel 4 |
| *The Armstrong and Miller Show* | * Unknown episodes (1997) | Paramount Comedy Channel |
| *Alexei Sayle's Merry-Go-Round* | * 6 episodes (1998) | BBC Two |
| *Big Train* | * "Episode #1.1" (1998) (additional material) | BBC Two |
| *The Morwenna Banks Show* | * Unknown episodes (1998) | Channel 5 |
| *Hooves of Fire* | * Short film (co-written with Kevin Cecil and Richard Curtis, 1999) | BBC One
Fox Family Channel |
| *The Nearly Complete and Utter History of Everything* | * Television film (co-written with Mark Burton and Kim Fuller, 1999) | BBC One |
| *Harry Enfield's Brand Spanking New Show* | * Unknown episodes (2000) | Sky 1 |
| *Smack the Pony* | * 7 episodes (2000–2001) (additional material) | Channel 4 |
| *Slacker Cats* | * Television film (co-written with Kevin Cecil, 2001) | ABC Family |
| *TV to Go* | * Unknown episodes (2001) | BBC One |
| *The Armando Iannucci Shows* | * 8 episodes (co-written with Kevin Cecil, 2001) | Channel 4 |
| *Robbie the Reindeer in Legend of the Lost Tribe* | * Short film (co-written with Kevin Cecil, 2002) | BBC One |
| *Black Books* | * 8 episodes (2002, 2004) | Channel 4 |
| *Man Stroke Woman* | * "Episode #1.3" (co-written with Kevin Cecil, 2005) | BBC Three |
| *Little Britain* | * 8 episodes (2005–2006) (additional material) | BBC One |
| *Hyperdrive* | * 12 episodes (co-written with Kevin Cecil, 2005–2006) | BBC Two |
| *Katy Brand's Big Ass Show* | * "Episode #2.2" (co-written with Kevin Cecil, 2007) * "Episode #2.4" (co-written with Kevin Cecil, 2007) | ITV2 |
| *Slacker Cats* | * 7 episodes (co-written with Kevin Cecil, 2007, 2009) | ABC Family |
| *The Great Outdoors* | * 3 episodes (co-written with Kevin Cecil, 2010) | BBC Four |
| *The Armstrong & Miller Show* | * "Episode #2.1" (co-written with Kevin Cecil, 2009) * "Episode #3.1" (co-written with Kevin Cecil, 2010) * "Episode #3.4" (co-written with Kevin Cecil, 2010) * "Episode #3.6" (co-written with Kevin Cecil, 2010) | BBC One |
| *Come Fly with Me* | * 6 episodes (2010–2011) (additional material) | BBC One |
| *Ruddy Hell! It's Harry and Paul* | * "Episode #3.1" (co-written with Kevin Cecil, 2010) (additional material) * "Episode #4.2" (co-written with Kevin Cecil, 2012) (additional material) * "Episode #4.4" (co-written with Kevin Cecil, 2012) (additional material) | BBC Two |
| *Gnomeo & Juliet* | * Feature film (co-written with Kelly Asbury, Mark Burton, Kevin Cecil, Emily Cook, Kathy Greenberg, Steve Hamilton Shaw, John R. Smith and Rob Sprackling, 2011) | N/A |
| *Big Bad World* | * "Episode #1.6" (co-written with Kevin Cecil, 2013) | Comedy Central |
| *Gangsta Granny* | * Television film (co-written with Kevin Cecil and David Walliams, 2013) | BBC One |
| *The Boy in the Dress* | * Television film (co-written with Kevin Cecil and David Walliams, 2014) | BBC One |
| *Veep* | * "Clovis" (co-written with Kevin Cecil, 2014) * "Detroit" (co-written with Kevin Cecil, 2014) * "East Wing" (co-written with Kevin Cecil, 2015) * "B/ill" (co-written with Kevin Cecil, 2015) | HBO |
| *Tracey Ullman's Show* | * 6 episodes (co-written with Kevin Cecil, 2016–) | BBC One |
| *Sherlock Gnomes* | * Feature film (co-written with Kevin Cecil, 2018) | Paramount Pictures |
| *Seize Them!* | * Feature film (2024) | TBA |

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Work | Category | Result | Reference |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2012 | Annie Award | *Gnomeo & Juliet* (shared with Kelly Asbury, Mark Burton, Kevin Cecil, Emily Cook, Kathy Greenberg, Steve Hamilton Shaw, John R. Smith and Rob Sprackling) | Writing in a Feature Production | Nominated |  |
| 2014 | Online Film & Television Association Award | *Veep* | Best Writing in a Comedy Series | Won |  |
| 2015 | Primetime Emmy Award | | Outstanding Comedy Series | Won |  |
| | Writers Guild of America Award | | Comedy Series | Nominated |  |
| 2016 | Writers Guild of America Award | | Comedy Series | Won |  |
| | Producers Guild of America Award | *Veep*, Season Four | Outstanding Producer of Episodic Television, Comedy | Nominated |  |

## Bibliography

**Standalone Cartoon Books**

* *Roasted* (2007)
* *D.I.Y. Dentistry and Other Alarming Inventions* (2008)
* *Selfish Pigs* (2009)
* *Wine Makes Mummy Clever* (2011)
* *Beer Makes Daddy Strong* (2011)
* *Puppy Versus Kitten* (2017)

**Bunny Suicides**

**Lies to Tell Small Kids**

* Great Lies to Tell Small Kids (2006)
* Loads More Lies to Tell Small Kids (2007)

**King Flashypants**

* King Flashypants and the Evil Emperor (2017)
* King Flashypants and the Creature from Crong (2018)
* King Flashypants and the Toys of Terror (2018)

## InfoBox

| Andy Riley | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1970 (age 5354)
Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England |
| Occupation | Author, cartoonist, screenwriter and television producer |
| Alma mater | Pembroke College, Oxford |
| Period | 1993–present |
| Genre | Comedy, adventure, science fiction |


title: 1961 Yugoslav First Basketball League

text:
# 1961 Yugoslav First Basketball League

## Teams

| **PR Serbia** | **PR Croatia** | **PR Bosnia and Herzegovina** | **PR Slovenia** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |

## Classification

|  | Season ranking 1961 | Pt | G | W | L | PF | PA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | **Olimpija** | **30** | 18 | 15 | 3 | 1434 | 1151 |
| 2. | **Lokomotiva** | **26** | 18 | 13 | 5 | 1611 | 1419 |
| 3. | **OKK Beograd** | **24** | 18 | 12 | 6 | 1435 | 1186 |
| 4. | **Zadar** | **24** | 18 | 12 | 6 | 1563 | 1431 |
| 5. | **Partizan** | **20** | 18 | 10 | 8 | 1512 | 1430 |
| 6. | **Crvena Zvezda** | **20** | 18 | 10 | 8 | 1427 | 1369 |
| 7. | **Željezničar Karlovac** | **16** | 18 | 8 | 10 | 1347 | 1375 |
| 8. | **Radnički Belgrade** | **16** | 18 | 8 | 10 | 1258 | 1316 |
| 9. | **Sloboda Tuzla** | **2** | 18 | 1 | 17 | 1038 | 1379 |
| 10. | **Dinamo Pančevo** | **2** | 18 | 1 | 17 | 1035 | 1604 |

The **winning roster** of Olimpija:

**Coach**:  Boris Kristančič

## Qualification in 1961-62 season European competitions

FIBA European Champions Cup

## InfoBox

| 1961 Yugoslav First Basketball League | |
| --- | --- |
| League | Yugoslav First Basketball League |
| Sport | Basketball |
| 1961 | |
| Season champions | Olimpija |


title: 1961 in Afghanistan

abstract: The following lists events that happened during 1961 in Afghanistan.

text:
# 1961 in Afghanistan

The following lists events that happened during **1961 in Afghanistan**.

## Incumbents

## April 1961

Prime Minister Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan visits the Soviet Union at the personal invitation of Nikita Khrushchev. They issue a statement of full mutual understanding and identity of long-range views.

## June 1961

Mohammad Daud announces that his government seeks $700 million in aid from the United States and the U.S.S.R. to implement the second five-year plan, which aims at an increase of 8% to 10% annually in the national income over the plan period. Industrial production is to rise 375% and investment 500%.

## Late August 1961

Due to the controversy over Pakhtunistan (or Pathanistan; the Afghan demand for self-determination for about 7,000,000 members of border tribes), the Pakistan government closes Afghan consulates and trade missions in its territory. Afghanistan thereupon sets September 6, 1961, as a deadline for Pakistan to rescind the order. Pakistan does not.

## September 1961

On September 3, 1961, Afghanistan seals its side of the border and on September 6, 1961, breaks relations. The consequences are far-reaching, as Afghanistan then demands that all trade, including U.S. economic aid, be channeled through Soviet access routes. Sixty percent of the Afghan population is Pakhtun (Pathan) and Afghanistan has steadfastly refused to accept the old Afghan-British Durand line of 1893 as a suitable permanent boundary between the Pathans of Afghanistan and of Pakistan, while Pakistan refused to draw a new frontier. Throughout 1961 the two nations exchanged charges, Afghanistan saying that Pakistan brutally suppressed tribal leaders and bombed them with U.S.-made aircraft, while Pakistan alleged that Afghan armed forces, using Soviet equipment, constantly violated the border. The Afghan representative to the United Nations, A.R. Pazhwak, strongly defended the concept of Pathan self-determination.

Afghanistan completes its first five-year plan, with some sectors described as over-fulfilled. Daud attends the Belgrade conference of non-aligned nations, visiting Britain and West Germany first.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: | Other events of 1961<br>List of years in Afghanistan |


title: Anerastia celsella

abstract: Anerastia celsella is a moth of the family Pyralidae first described by Francis Walker in 1863. It is found in Sri Lanka.

text:
# Anerastia celsella

***Anerastia celsella*** is a moth of the family Pyralidae first described by Francis Walker in 1863. It is found in Sri Lanka.

## InfoBox

| *Anerastia celsella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Anerastia* |
| Species: | ***A. celsella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Anerastia celsella***<br>Walker, 1863 | |
|


title: .fi

abstract: .fi is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Finland. It is operated by TRAFICOM, the Finnish Transport and Communications Agency. On 4 December 1986, an application to register a top-level domain for Finland was sent by the Finnish Unix Users Group from Tampere. The application was accepted and the administration of.fi TLD was granted to Tampere University of Technology. Later the administration was transferred first to FICIX and later to TRAFICOM. In the past TRAFICOM regulated.fi domains very strictly. Domain names were only admitted to company names or companies that owned trademarks. This policy led to Finnish companies applying for domains under other top-level domains. The policy was changed on 1 September 2003. Since September 2016 anyone worldwide is permitted to register domain names under the.fi TLD..fi was once best known among non-Finnish internet users as the TLD of the Penet remailer (anon.penet.fi), a privately operated server which enabled users to post e-mail and Usenet messages anonymously in the early 1990s. Another popular.fi address in the early 1990s was nic.funet.fi, one of the largest public file servers at the time which made Finland the only country outside the US that sent out more data than it received. Since 1 September 2005,.fi domains may contain letters from the Finnish alphabet, though they are not recommended to be used as the primary domain. Since 1 March 2006, private persons have also been able to apply for a domain name. Some restrictions still apply, for example, company names or trademarks can only be applied for by the companies concerned. It can also be be used for domain hacking as well. Examples like Spotify who has a domain hack called Spoti.fi. FICORA began supporting Domain Name System Security (DNSSEC) on.fi domain names in late 2010.

text:
# .fi

**.fi** is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Finland. It is operated by TRAFICOM, the Finnish Transport and Communications Agency.

On 4 December 1986, an application to register a top-level domain for Finland was sent by the Finnish Unix Users Group from Tampere. The application was accepted and the administration of .fi TLD was granted to Tampere University of Technology. Later the administration was transferred first to FICIX and later to TRAFICOM.

In the past TRAFICOM regulated .fi domains very strictly. Domain names were only admitted to company names or companies that owned trademarks. This policy led to Finnish companies applying for domains under other top-level domains. The policy was changed on 1 September 2003. Since September 2016 anyone worldwide is permitted to register domain names under the .fi TLD.

.fi was once best known among non-Finnish internet users as the TLD of the Penet remailer (anon.penet.fi), a privately operated server which enabled users to post e-mail and Usenet messages anonymously in the early 1990s. Another popular .fi address in the early 1990s was nic.funet.fi, one of the largest public file servers at the time which made Finland the only country outside the US that sent out more data than it received.

Since 1 September 2005, .fi domains may contain letters from the Finnish alphabet (ä, å, ö), though they are not recommended to be used as the primary domain. Since 1 March 2006, private persons have also been able to apply for a domain name. Some restrictions still apply, for example, company names or trademarks can only be applied for by the companies concerned.

It can also be (although not popular) be used for domain hacking as well. Examples like Spotify who has a domain hack called Spoti.fi.

FICORA began supporting Domain Name System Security (DNSSEC) on .fi domain names in late 2010.

## InfoBox

.fi
| Introduced | 17 December 1986 |
| --- | --- |
| TLD type | Country code top-level domain |
| Status | Active |
| Registry | TRAFICOM |
| Sponsor | TRAFICOM |
| Intended use | Entities connected with Finland |
| Actual use | Very popular in Finland |
| Registered domains | 547,032 (2024-04-02) |
| Structure | Registrations are taken directly at second level |
| Documents | 1986 delegation application<br>Information for domain applicants and users |
| Dispute policies | Policies and procedures |
| DNSSEC | Yes |
| Registry website | www.traficom.fi/en/communications/fi-domains |


title: .exe (Person of Interest)

abstract: ".exe" is the 12th episode of the fifth season of the American television drama series Person of Interest. It is the 102nd overall episode of the series and is written by executive producer Greg Plageman and supervising producer Erik Mountain and directed by Plageman on his directorial debut. It aired on CBS in the United States and on CTV in Canada on June 14, 2016. The series revolves around a computer program for the federal government known as "The Machine" that is capable of collating all sources of information to predict terrorist acts and to identify people planning them. A team follows "irrelevant" crimes: lesser level of priority for the government. However, their security and safety is put in danger following the activation of a new program named Samaritan. In the episode, Finch sets out to destroy Samaritan with a virus, despite knowing it will also kill the Machine. The title refers to ".exe", a common filename extension denoting an executable file for Microsoft Windows. According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 6.27 million household viewers and gained a 1.0/4 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received extremely positive reviews from critics, who praised the writing, directing, acting, use of the alternate scenarios and set-up for the finale.

text:
# .exe (Person of Interest)

"**.exe**" is the 12th episode of the fifth season of the American television drama series *Person of Interest*. It is the 102nd overall episode of the series and is written by executive producer Greg Plageman and supervising producer Erik Mountain and directed by Plageman on his directorial debut. It aired on CBS in the United States and on CTV in Canada on June 14, 2016.

The series revolves around a computer program for the federal government known as "The Machine" that is capable of collating all sources of information to predict terrorist acts and to identify people planning them. A team follows "irrelevant" crimes: lesser level of priority for the government. However, their security and safety is put in danger following the activation of a new program named Samaritan. In the episode, Finch sets out to destroy Samaritan with a virus, despite knowing it will also kill the Machine. The title refers to ".exe", a common filename extension denoting an executable file for Microsoft Windows.

According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 6.27 million household viewers and gained a 1.0/4 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received extremely positive reviews from critics, who praised the writing, directing, acting, use of the alternate scenarios and set-up for the finale.

## Plot

### Alternate scenarios

During a talk with Finch (Michael Emerson) while he works on the ICE-9 virus, the Machine (Amy Acker) produces an alternate scenario where the Machine was never created.

In Finch's scenario, Ingram (Brett Cullen) is alive, their company is still active, Finch was not injured but feels saddened at feeling lost in the world and never met Grace.

In Fusco's (Kevin Chapman) scenario, he ratted out on HR to avoid prison, which led to their dismissal but he is reviled by the rest of the precinct. Szymanski (Michael McGlone) is still alive and they use new DNA database to solve crimes. In this scenario, Carter is still alive and for her actions in taking down HR, she was promoted to Lieutenant.

In Shaw's (Sarah Shahi) scenario, she still works for ISA with Michael Cole (Ebon Moss-Bachrach), who is still alive. She assassinates Henry Peck (Jacob Pitts) after he reveals his knowledge of a mass surveillance system. Due to this, she never met Root.

In Reese's (Jim Caviezel) scenario, he returned in time to the country to prevent Peter from killing Jessica. However, his past caught up with him and Jessica left him. Without a purpose in life, Reese died a few months later.

In Root's scenario, she works for Greer (John Nolan) and Samaritan, who now expanded its reach. When Senator Garrison (John Doman) expresses concern for the purpose of Samaritan, Greer assigns Root to kill him.

### Real scenario

Reese and Shaw find that the Machine produced the number for Greer through an alias. They then receive the coordinates to Fort Meade and deduce that Finch may target the NSA and Greer. At the precinct, Fusco finds that the corpses at the tunnel were discovered, and Agent LeRoux (David Aaron Baker) has found out about his secret investigation. LeRoux reveals himself to be the killer and tries to kill Fusco; Fusco subdues him but questions whether to kill him or let him live.

Finch infiltrates Fort Meade, but due to the building serving as a Faraday cage, loses contact with the Machine after he enters. He manages to gain access to the server room and starts uploading the virus. The virus is complete, but it requires a voice password confirmation, and Samaritan's agents arrive at the room to retrieve Finch. They take him to a base of operations in the building to meet Greer, who warns that Samaritan is working on something called "The Great Filter". Reese and Shaw have infiltrated Fort Meade and are instructed by the Machine to get to an evidence room to retrieve a wireless modem.

Greer once again tries to convince Finch to join Samaritan, but Finch refuses. However, their talk revealed that Finch is the only one who can activate the virus, and Greer locks himself and Finch in a room where their oxygen starts dropping. Greer dies for lack of oxygen, but Finch manages to escape thanks to the Machine, who managed to gain access to the building thanks to Reese and Shaw using the modem. After evading the Samaritan agents, Finch instructs Reese and Shaw to leave the building while he goes to activate the virus. The reason behind the alternate scenarios was to convince Finch to activate the virus, as Samaritan would continue existing, but nothing would stand in its way. The Machine reveals that it has always known the password and could imitate Finch's voice to activate it, but has left the choice up to Finch. Despite knowing the virus will kill the Machine as well, Finch activates it and leaves Samaritan's base of operations as it starts glitching.

## Production

### Development

The episode marked executive producer Greg Plageman's directorial debut and it was his last writing credit for the series. He said, "the big lesson I learned is if you ever get that feeling that you're completely terrified by doing something because you're not sure how it'll work out, then you should definitely do that thing. Because that was this episode for me. It certainly arrived at the perfect time for me since it was the second to last episode and it was something we'd talked about doing and it hadn't come up, so I thought 'Well, if I'm going to direct, I'm going to do that and I'm going to get Michael Emerson to be in, like, every scene.'" On the concept of the Machine never being created, Plageman said, "That was a lot of fun, extrapolating what that world would have looked like if Samaritan had emerged and become more dominant. And also, what's really fun is bringing back some people we missed from the past and seeing what would have happened to them."

### Casting

Plageman revealed that the original concept for the episode involved the return of many characters including Annie Parisse as Kara Stanton and Michael Kelly as Agent Mark Snow but scheduling conflicts forced them to abandon some ideas.

## Reception

### Viewers

In its original American broadcast, ".exe" was seen by an estimated 6.27 million household viewers and gained a 1.0/4 ratings share among adults aged 18–49, according to Nielsen Media Research. This means that 1 percent of all households with televisions watched the episode, while 4 percent of all households watching television at that time watched it. This was a 2% decrease in viewership from the previous episode, which was watched by 6.36 million viewers with a 1.0/3 in the 18-49 demographics. With these ratings, *Person of Interest* was the most watched show on CBS for the night, third on its timeslot and fifth for the night in the 18-49 demographics, behind *To Tell the Truth*, *Maya & Marty*, *Uncle Buck*, and *America's Got Talent*.

With Live +7 DVR factored in, the episode was watched by 8.75 million viewers with a 1.5 in the 18-49 demographics.

### Critical reviews

".exe" received extremely positive reviews from critics. Matt Fowler of *IGN* gave the episode an "amazing" 9 out of 10 rating and wrote in his verdict, "The combination of alternate Machine-free lives and the final fifteen minutes (Finch vs. Greer, Finch in God Mode, Reese and Shaw as back up, Samaritan reaching out to Finch before its flickering demise) made '.exe' a tremendous penultimate chapter."

LaToya Ferguson of *The A.V. Club* gave the episode a "B+" grade and wrote, "*Person of Interest* takes all of those assumptions about what '.exe' will be like from that very first 'what if?' simulation and decides to flip them on their head. The 'what if?' simulations are still a part of the bigger decision, but unlike most versions of this story, *Person of Interest* doesn't make it easy to lean in one direction or the other."

Chancellor Agard of *Entertainment Weekly* wrote, "Is defeating Samaritan worth the price? That's one of several questions asked in tonight's penultimate episode, where *Person of Interest* explores what a world would look like without The Machine."

Sean McKenna of *TV Fanatic* gave the episode a 4.8 star rating out of 5 and wrote "It's bittersweet knowing that this exciting series is coming to and end, but the penultimate episode did a wonderful job of leading us into that final chapter."

1. Fowler, Matt (June 14, 2016). "Person of Interest Explored a World Without the Machine". *IGN*. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
2. Roffman, Marissa (May 2, 2016). "'Person of Interest' Bosses Talk Creative Freedom in the Final Season". TV Insider. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
3. Porter, Rick (June 15, 2016). "Tuesday final ratings: 'America's Got Talent' adjusts up, 'Maya & Marty' and 'Coupled' adjust down". *TV by the Numbers*. Archived from the original on June 16, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
4. Porter, Rick (June 8, 2016). "Tuesday final ratings: 'America's Got Talent' adjusts up, '20/20' adjusts down". *TV by the Numbers*. Archived from the original on June 10, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
5. Porter, Rick (July 5, 2016). "Broadcast Live +7 ratings: 'America's Got Talent' has biggest gains for June 13–19". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on October 11, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
6. Fowler, Matt (June 14, 2016). "Person of Interest: ".exe" Review". *IGN*. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
7. Ferguson, LaToya (June 15, 2016). "*Person of Interest* knows there's only one answer to "what if?"". *The A.V. Club*. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
8. Agard, Chancellor (June 15, 2016). "Person of Interest recap: .exe". *Entertainment Weekly*. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
9. McKenna, Sean (June 15, 2016). "Person of Interest Season 5 Episode 12 Review: .exe". *TV Fanatic*. Retrieved July 8, 2021.

## InfoBox

| "**.exe**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Person of Interest* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 5<br>Episode 12 |
| Directed by | Greg Plageman |
| Written by | Greg Plageman & Erik Mountain |
| Featured music | Ramin Djawadi |
| Cinematography by | David Insley |
| Editing by | Lola Popovac |
| Production code | 3J6012 |
| Original air date | June 14, 2016 (2016-06-14) |
| Running time | 44 minutes |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


title: Angel Pavement (1967 TV series)

abstract: Angel Pavement is a British television drama series which first aired on BBC 2 between 19 August and 9 September 1967. It is an adaptation of the 1930 novel Angel Pavement by J. B. Priestley, about a small London firm struggling in the early 1930s until the arrival of the mysterious Mr. Golspie revives the fortunes of the company. Both this and a previous 1957 BBC adaptation are considered completely lost.

text:
# Angel Pavement (1967 TV series)

***Angel Pavement*** is a British television drama series which first aired on BBC 2 between 19 August and 9 September 1967. It is an adaptation of the 1930 novel *Angel Pavement* by J. B. Priestley, about a small London firm struggling in the early 1930s until the arrival of the mysterious Mr. Golspie revives the fortunes of the company.

Both this and a previous 1957 BBC adaptation are considered completely lost.

## Cast

1. Baskin p.86

## Bibliography

* Ellen Baskin. *Serials on British Television, 1950-1994*. Scolar Press, 1996.

## InfoBox

| *Angel Pavement* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Drama |
| Based on | *Angel Pavement*
by J. B. Priestley |
| Written by | David Turner |
| Directed by | Paddy Russell |
| Starring |  |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Original language | English |
| No. of series | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 4 (all missing) |
| Production | |
| Producer | David Conroy |
| Running time | 45 minutes |
| Production company | BBC |
| Original release | |
| Network | BBC Two |
| Release | 19 August (1967-08-19)
9 September 1967 (1967-09-09) |


title: 1959 Detroit Tigers season

abstract: The 1959 Detroit Tigers season was the 59th season for the American League franchise in Detroit. Although the Tigers lost 15 of their first 17 games in 1959—resulting in the May 2 firing of manager Bill Norman—they recovered under his successor, Jimmy Dykes, to finish in fourth place with a record of 76–78, eighteen games behind the AL Champion Chicago White Sox.

text:
# 1959 Detroit Tigers season

The **1959 Detroit Tigers season** was the 59th season for the American League franchise in Detroit. Although the Tigers lost 15 of their first 17 games in 1959—resulting in the May 2 firing of manager Bill Norman—they recovered under his successor, Jimmy Dykes, to finish in fourth place with a record of 76–78, eighteen games behind the AL Champion Chicago White Sox.

## Offseason

## Regular season

### Season standings

American League
| Team |  |  | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Chicago White Sox | 94 | 60 | .610 |  | 4730 | 4730 |
| Cleveland Indians | 89 | 65 | .578 | 5 | 4334 | 4631 |
| New York Yankees | 79 | 75 | .513 | 15 | 4037 | 3938 |
| Detroit Tigers | 76 | 78 | .494 | 18 | 4136 | 3542 |
| Boston Red Sox | 75 | 79 | .487 | 19 | 4334 | 3245 |
| Baltimore Orioles | 74 | 80 | .481 | 20 | 3839 | 3641 |
| Kansas City Athletics | 66 | 88 | .429 | 28 | 3740 | 2948 |
| Washington Senators | 63 | 91 | .409 | 31 | 3443 | 2948 |

### Record vs. opponents

|
Sources: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | BAL | BOS | CHW | CLE | DET | KCA | NYY | WSH |
| Baltimore |  | 8–14 | 11–11–1 | 10–12 | 13–9 | 8–14 | 12–10 | 12–10 |
| Boston | 14–8 |  | 8–14 | 8–14 | 11–11 | 11–11 | 13–9 | 10–12 |
| Chicago | 11–11–1 | 14–8 |  | 15–7 | 13–9 | 12–10 | 13–9–1 | 16–6 |
| Cleveland | 12–10 | 14–8 | 7–15 |  | 14–8 | 15–7 | 11–11 | 16–6 |
| Detroit | 9–13 | 11–11 | 9–13 | 8–14 |  | 15–7 | 14–8 | 10–12 |
| Kansas City | 14–8 | 11–11 | 10–12 | 7–15 | 7–15 |  | 5–17 | 12–10 |
| New York | 10–12 | 9–13 | 9–13–1 | 11–11 | 8–14 | 17–5 |  | 15–7 |
| Washington | 10–12 | 12–10 | 6–16 | 6–16 | 12–10 | 10–12 | 7–15 |  |

### Notable transactions

* March 21, 1959: Future Hall of Famer Larry Doby, who integrated the American League in 1947 with the Cleveland Indians, is acquired by the Tigers from Cleveland for outfielder Tito Francona. On April 10, Opening Day, left-fielder Doby becomes the second Black player (after Ozzie Virgil Sr.) and first African-American to appear in a Detroit uniform.
* April 2, 1959: Maury Wills was returned by the Tigers to the Los Angeles Dodgers as part of a conditional deal.
* May 13, 1959: Larry Doby's contract is sold to the Chicago White Sox. The 35-year-old Doby batted only .218 with no home runs in 55 at-bats with the Tigers and he will end his playing career in U.S. pro baseball later in 1959.
* June 13, 1959: Bob Smith was selected off waivers by the Tigers from the Pittsburgh Pirates.

### Roster

| 1959 Detroit Tigers | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Roster** | | | | | | | | | |
| **Pitchers** |  | **Catchers** **Infielders** |  | **Outfielders** **Other batters** |  | **Manager** **Coaches** |
|

## Player stats

### Batting

#### Starters by position

*Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Pos | Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C | Lou Berberet | 100 | 338 | 73 | .216 | 13 | 44 |
| 1B | Gail Harris | 114 | 349 | 77 | .221 | 9 | 39 |
| 2B | Frank Bolling | 127 | 459 | 122 | .266 | 13 | 55 |
| SS | Rocky Bridges | 116 | 381 | 102 | .268 | 3 | 35 |
| 3B | Eddie Yost | 148 | 521 | 145 | .278 | 21 | 60 |
| LF | Charlie Maxwell | 145 | 518 | 130 | .251 | 31 | 95 |
| CF | Al Kaline | 136 | 511 | 167 | .327 | 27 | 94 |
| RF | Harvey Kuenn | 139 | 561 | 198 | .353 | 9 | 71 |

#### Other batters

*Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Red Wilson | 67 | 228 | 60 | .263 | 4 | 35 |
| Ted Lepcio | 76 | 215 | 60 | .279 | 7 | 24 |
| Bobo Osborne | 86 | 209 | 40 | .191 | 3 | 21 |
| Gus Zernial | 60 | 132 | 30 | .227 | 7 | 26 |
| Neil Chrisley | 65 | 106 | 14 | .132 | 6 | 11 |
| Johnny Groth | 55 | 102 | 24 | .235 | 1 | 10 |
| Coot Veal | 77 | 89 | 18 | .202 | 1 | 15 |
| Larry Doby | 18 | 55 | 12 | .218 | 0 | 4 |
| Steve Demeter | 11 | 18 | 2 | .111 | 0 | 1 |
| Ron Shoop | 3 | 7 | 1 | .143 | 0 | 1 |
| Charley Lau | 2 | 6 | 1 | .167 | 0 | 0 |
| Ossie Álvarez | 8 | 2 | 1 | .500 | 0 | 0 |

### Pitching

#### Starting pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Jim Bunning | 40 | 249.2 | 17 | 13 | 3.89 | 201 |
| Paul Foytack | 39 | 240.1 | 14 | 14 | 4.64 | 110 |
| Don Mossi | 34 | 228.0 | 17 | 9 | 3.36 | 125 |
| Frank Lary | 32 | 223.0 | 17 | 10 | 3.55 | 137 |
| Billy Hoeft | 2 | 9.0 | 1 | 1 | 5.00 | 2 |

#### Other pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ray Narleski | 42 | 104.1 | 4 | 12 | 5.78 | 71 |
| Jerry Davie | 11 | 36.2 | 2 | 2 | 4.17 | 20 |
| Jim Proctor | 2 | 2.2 | 0 | 1 | 16.88 | 0 |
| Bob Bruce | 2 | 2.0 | 0 | 1 | 9.00 | 1 |

#### Relief pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | W | L | SV | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Tom Morgan | 46 | 1 | 4 | 9 | 3.98 | 39 |
| Dave Sisler | 32 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 4.01 | 29 |
| Pete Burnside | 30 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3.77 | 49 |
| Barney Schultz | 13 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4.42 | 17 |
| George Susce | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12.89 | 9 |
| Bob Smith | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8.18 | 10 |
| Jim Stump | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.38 | 6 |
| Hank Aguirre | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.38 | 3 |
|

## Farm system

| Level | Team | League | Manager |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| AAA | Charleston Senators | American Association | Bill Adair |
| AA | Birmingham Barons | Southern Association | Skeeter Newsome |
|  | Knoxville Smokies | Sally League | Johnny Pesky |
|  | Durham Bulls | Carolina League | Frank Skaff |
|  | Montgomery Rebels | Alabama–Florida League | Frank Carswell |
|  | Decatur Commodores | Midwest League | Stubby Overmire |
|  | Erie Sailors | New York–Penn League | Al Lakeman and Pat Mullin |

## InfoBox

| 1959 Detroit Tigers | |
| --- | --- |
| League | American League |
| Ballpark | Briggs Stadium |
| City | Detroit, Michigan |
| Owners | Fred Knorr, John Fetzer |
| General managers | Rick Ferrell, Bill DeWitt |
| Managers | Bill Norman, Jimmy Dykes |
| Television | WJBK |
| Radio | WKMH
(Van Patrick, George Kell) |
|  | |


title: 1959 Detroit Lions season

abstract: The 1959 Detroit Lions season was their 30th in the league. The team failed to improve on their previous season's output of 4–7–1, winning only three games. They missed the playoffs for the second straight season.

text:
# 1959 Detroit Lions season

The **1959 Detroit Lions season** was their 30th in the league. The team failed to improve on their previous season's output of 4–7–1, winning only three games. They missed the playoffs for the second straight season.

## Schedule

| Week | Date | Opponent | Result | Record | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | September 27 | at Baltimore Colts | L 9–21 | 0–1 | 55,588 |
| 2 | October 4 | at Green Bay Packers | L 10–28 | 0–2 | 32,150 |
| 3 | October 11 | Baltimore Colts | L 24–31 | 0–3 | 54,197 |
| 4 | October 18 | San Francisco 49ers | L 13–34 | 0–4 | 52,585 |
| 5 | October 25 | at Los Angeles Rams | W 17–7 | 1–4 | 74,288 |
| 6 | November 1 | at San Francisco 49ers | L 7–33 | 1–5 | 59,064 |
| 7 | November 8 | at Pittsburgh Steelers | T 10–10 | 1–5–1 | 24,614 |
| 8 | November 15 | Los Angeles Rams | W 23–17 | 2–5–1 | 52,217 |
| 9 | November 22 | Chicago Bears | L 14–24 | 2–6–1 | 54,059 |
| 10 | November 26 | Green Bay Packers | L 17–24 | 2–7–1 | 49,221 |
| 11 | December 6 | Chicago Cardinals | W 45–21 | 3–7–1 | 45,811 |
| 12 | December 13 | at Chicago Bears | L 14–25 | 3–8–1 | 40,890 |

### Standings

| NFL Western Conference | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | W | L | T | PCT | CONF | PF | PA | STK |
| Baltimore Colts | 9 | 3 | 0 | .750 | 9–1 | 374 | 251 | W5 |
| Chicago Bears | 8 | 4 | 0 | .667 | 6–4 | 252 | 196 | W7 |
| San Francisco 49ers | 7 | 5 | 0 | .583 | 5–5 | 255 | 237 | L2 |
| Green Bay Packers | 7 | 5 | 0 | .583 | 6–4 | 248 | 246 | W4 |
| Detroit Lions | 3 | 8 | 1 | .273 | 2–8 | 203 | 275 | L1 |
| Los Angeles Rams | 2 | 10 | 0 | .167 | 2–8 | 242 | 315 | L8 |

**Note:** Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.

## InfoBox

| 1959 Detroit Lions season | |
| --- | --- |
| Head coach | George Wilson |
| Home field | Briggs Stadium |
| Results | |
| Record | 3–8–1 |
| Division place | 5th NFL Western |
| Playoff finish | *Did not qualify* |
|


title: East Attleborough Academy

abstract: The East Attleborough Academy is an historic former school building at 28 Sanford Street in Attleboro, Massachusetts. Built in 1843, it is the town's only example of a Greek Revival temple front building. It originally served as a private academy, and has since served as the town's first high school, and as an office building. It is now home to the town's historical society. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

text:
# East Attleborough Academy

The **East Attleborough Academy** is an historic former school building at 28 Sanford Street in Attleboro, Massachusetts. Built in 1843, it is the town's only example of a Greek Revival temple front building. It originally served as a private academy, and has since served as the town's first high school, and as an office building. It is now home to the town's historical society. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

## Description and history

The former East Attleborough Academy building is located on the north side of the Attleboro's town center, on the north side of Sanford Street, where it shares a lot with a municipal parking lot. It is a two-story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. Its prominent feature is the Greek Revival temple facade, in which four fluted Doric columns rise to an entablature and fully pedimented gable. It is set on a brick foundation that was built on top of its original stone foundation, the building having been moved twice. The main entrance is at the center of the facade behind this portico, which is otherwise unadorned; it is flanked by fluted pilasters. The building corners sport paneled pilasters, and the sides each have four regularly spaced windows. A two-story ell extends to the rear of the main block.

The school was built in 1843 as a private academy, a role it served until 1864. In 1867, the town leased the building from its private owners to house its first public high school. It was moved a short distance (records are unclear on exactly where) in 1874, and was moved back to its original location in 1889, albeit on a new brick foundation. The high school vacated the premises in 1882. In 1900 it housed the offices of the town's school superintendent, and in 1920 the town finally purchased the building.

The building now houses the local historical society. Architecturally, it is the only example of a Greek Revival temple front in the town, either institutional or residential.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| East Attleborough Academy | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| East Attleborough Academy | |
|  | |
| Location | Attleboro, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 41°56′46″N 71°17′6″W / 41.94611°N 71.28500°W / 41.94611; -71.28500 |
| Built | 1843 |
| Architectural style | Greek Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 85000694 |
| Added to NRHP | April 4, 1985 |


title: Arachnoides tenuis

abstract: Arachnoides tenuis is a species of sea urchin of the family Clypeasteridae. Their armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Arachnoides and lives in the sea. Arachnoides tenuis was first scientifically described in 1938 by Hubert Lyman Clark.

text:
# Arachnoides tenuis

***Arachnoides tenuis*** is a species of sea urchin of the family Clypeasteridae. Their armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus *Arachnoides* and lives in the sea. *Arachnoides tenuis* was first scientifically described in 1938 by Hubert Lyman Clark.

## InfoBox

| *Arachnoides tenuis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Echinodermata |
| Class: | Echinoidea |
| Order: | Clypeasteroida |
| Family: | Clypeasteridae |
| Genus: | *Arachnoides* |
| Species: | ***A. tenuis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Arachnoides tenuis***<br>Clark, 1938 | |
|


title: Ang Kamay ng Diyos

abstract: Ang Kamay ng Diyos is a 1947 Philippine drama film directed by Eddie Romero. It was the first film ever directed by him.

text:
# Ang Kamay ng Diyos

***Ang Kamay ng Diyos*** (lit.'The Hand of God') is a 1947 Philippine drama film directed by Eddie Romero. It was the first film ever directed by him.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Ang Kamay ng Diyos | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Enrigue Moreno |
| Written by | Eddie Romero |
| Starring |  |
| Music by | Tito Arevalo |
| Distributed by | Sampaguita Pictures |
| Release date | * December 19, 1947 (1947-12-19) |
| Country | Philippines |
| Language | Filipino |


title: Edmund Suckling

abstract: Edmund Suckling (1560–1628) was an English churchman who was Dean of Norwich from 1614 to his death in 1628.

text:
# Edmund Suckling

**Edmund Suckling**  (1560–1628) was an English churchman who was Dean of Norwich from 1614 to his death in 1628.

## Early life

Suckling was born in Norwich in 1560, the son of Robert Suckling, a Member of Parliament (MP) for Norwich and Mayor of Norwich, and his first wife Elizabeth (nee Barwick). There is a large monument to his parents in St Andrew's Church, Norwich. He was educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, matriculating in 1577 and graduating BA in 1581, MA in 1584 and BD in 1591.

## Clerical career

He was Precentor of Norwich (1586) and then Rector of Ashill (1586-87), Larling (1592-1608) and Blofield with Hellesdon (1608-14). He was Dean of Norwich from 1614 until his death in 1628.

He was succeeded as Dean of Norwich by his nephew, John Hassal.

## Personal life

Suckling was married to Annie, with whom he had two daughters.

He was interred in Norwich Cathedral, with a brass, although by the time of Blomefield (1745) the brass had been lost.


title: Anna Karlin

abstract: Anna R. Karlin is an American computer scientist, the Microsoft Professor of Computer Science & Engineering at the University of Washington.

text:
# Anna Karlin

**Anna R. Karlin** is an American computer scientist, the Microsoft Professor of Computer Science & Engineering at the University of Washington.

## Biography

Karlin was born into an academic family. Her father, Samuel Karlin, was a mathematician at Stanford University, and her brother, Kenneth Karlin, is a professor of chemistry at Johns Hopkins University.

Karlin went to Stanford for her undergraduate studies, receiving a bachelor's degree in 1981. She stayed at Stanford for graduate school, and earned Ph.D. in 1987 under the supervision of Jeffrey Ullman. She continued to work near Stanford, at the DEC Systems Research Center, for five years, before moving to the University of Washington in 1994. She was program chair of the IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science in 1997.

Karlin was also one of the founding members of the rock music band Severe Tire Damage, and in 1993 as part of the band she participated in the first live music broadcast on the Internet.

## Research

Karlin's research interests are in the design and analysis of online algorithms and randomized algorithms, which she has applied to problems in algorithmic game theory, system software, distributed computing, and data mining. She has written heavily cited papers on the use of randomized packet markings to perform IP traceback, competitive analysis of multiprocessor cache coherence algorithms, unified algorithms for simultaneously managing all levels of the memory hierarchy, web proxy servers, and hash tables with constant worst-case lookup time.

## Awards and honors

In 2012, Karlin was named as a fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery. In 2016 she became a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She was awarded the 2020 ACM Paris Kanellakis Theory and Practice Award, "For the discovery and analysis of balanced allocations, known as the power of two choices, and their extensive applications to practice." She was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2021 and to the National Academy of Engineering in 2022.

## Selected publications

* Karlin, Anna R.; Manasse, Mark S.; Rudolph, Larry; Sleator, Daniel D. (1988), "Competitive snoopy caching", *Algorithmica*, **3** (1): 79–119, doi:10.1007/BF01762111, MR 0925479.
* Dietzfelbinger, Martin; Karlin, Anna; Mehlhorn, Kurt; Meyer auf der Heide, Friedhelm; Rohnert, Hans; Tarjan, Robert E. (1994), "Dynamic perfect hashing: upper and lower bounds", *SIAM Journal on Computing*, **23** (4): 738–761, doi:10.1137/S0097539791194094, MR 1283572.
* Feeley, M. J.; Morgan, W. E.; Pighin, E. P.; Karlin, A. R.; Levy, H. M.; Thekkath, C. A. (1995), "Implementing global memory management in a workstation cluster", *Proceedings of the 15th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP '95)*, pp. 201–212, doi:10.1145/224056.224072, ISBN 978-0897917155.
* Wolman, Alec; Voelker, M.; Sharma, Nitin; Cardwell, Neal; Karlin, Anna; Levy, Henry M. (1999), "On the scale and performance of cooperative Web proxy caching", *Proceedings of the 17th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP '99)*, pp. 16–31, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.74.7126, doi:10.1145/319151.319153, ISBN 978-1581131406.
* Savage, Stefan; Wetherall, David; Karlin, Anna; Anderson, Tom (2000), "Practical network support for IP traceback", *Proceedings of the conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication (SIGCOMM '00)* (PDF), pp. 295–306, doi:10.1145/347059.347560, ISBN 978-1581132236.
* Savage, Stefan; Wetherall, David; Karlin, Anna; Anderson, Tom (2001), "Network support for IP traceback", *IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking*, **9** (3): 226–237, doi:10.1109/90.929847.
* Karlin, Anna; Peres, Yuval (2017), *Game Theory, Alive*, Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society.

## InfoBox

| Anna R. Karlin | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Alma mater | Stanford University (BS, PhD) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Computer science |
| Institutions | University of Washington |
| Thesis | *Sharing Memory in Distributed Systems - Methods and Application*  (1987) |
| Doctoral advisor | Jeffrey Ullman |
| Doctoral students | Frank McSherry |
|  | |
| Website | www.cs.washington.edu/people/faculty/karlin |


title: Eric Westhof

abstract: Éric Westhof is a French biochemist born in Uccle (Belgium) on July 25, 1948. He is a member of the Academie des sciences, head of Education and Training (DEF) and a member of the Board of Directors of the "La Main à la pâte" Foundation. He is professor emeritus of structural biochemistry at the University of Strasbourg at the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology.

text:
# Eric Westhof

**Éric Westhof** is a French biochemist born in Uccle (Belgium) on July 25, 1948. He is a member of the Academie des sciences, head of Education and Training (DEF) and a member of the Board of Directors of the "La Main à la pâte" Foundation. He is professor emeritus of structural biochemistry at the University of Strasbourg at the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology.

## Biography

After obtaining a bachelor's degree in physical sciences from the University of Liège, he carried out research work at the Regensburg Universität (Germany) on a EURATOM grant with a view to obtaining a doctorate from the University of Liège in 1974. He then became a research associate (on a Fulbright-Hays fellowship) at the University of Wisconsin until 1977 in Professor M. Sundaralingam's laboratory. Thanks to an EMBO grant, he then established himself in 1981 at the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (IBMC-CRNS), affiliated with the Université Louis Pasteur (ULP-Strasbourg) in France. In 1984, he obtained a position as a research fellow (CR1) and has been a professor of structural biochemistry since 1988. From 2005 to 2016, he was director of the CNRS Research Unit "Architecture and Reactivity of RNA" at the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (IBMC), where he was director from 2006 to 2016. From 2003 to 2007 he was chairman of the Research Commission of the Faculty of Life Sciences of Louis Pasteur University, where he was an elected member of the Scientific Council from 2002-2006. He was then elected vice president research and doctoral training (2007-2008). Together with Alain Beretz, he was involved in the merger of the three Strasbourg universities and was vice-president of research and doctoral training at the University of Strasbourg between 2009 and 2012.

Eric Westhof is an executive editor of *Nucleic Acids Research* (OUP), an editor of *RNA* journal (CSHP), and an associate editor of the *Journal of Molecular Recognition* (Wiley).

## Research area

His research area concerns the structural biology of nucleic acids (stereochemistry, topology, modelling and bioinformatics) and especially ribonucleic acid molecules (RNA). He has developed computer tools dedicated to crystallographic refinement and computer manipulation of nucleic acids. These have led to excellent three-dimensional RNA structures. For more than a decade, these tools have been used by nucleic acid crystallographers in many countries. At a time when only the structure of the transfer RNA was known, he and François Michel proposed a three-dimensional model of the structure of the core of group I autocatalytic introns. Ten years later, crystallography confirms the architecture of the model, thus offering a vast field of new applications in structural biology. Folding of other ribozymes (hepatitis delta virus, ribonuclease P, hairpin ribozyme) has also been proposed. Several years after these publications, independent crystal structures have shown the accuracy of the architecture of the folds and interactions responsible for self-assembly. His expertise in RNA structure modeling has led him to collaborate with several groups. Thus, with F. Eckstein and T. Tuschl, the first model of the hammer-headed ribozyme was produced on the basis of fluorescence data. With Dr. Kochoyan, the first models of RNA aptamers modelled from nuclear magnetic resonance data were presented. With W. Filipowicz and F. Kolb, a DICER double-stranded RNA binding and cleavage model explaining the maturation of microRNAs has been published.

Analysis of crystallographic structures and comparisons with theoretical models then made it possible to establish predictive rules for RNA folding. With Neocles Leontis, Eric Westhof proposed an ontology of pairs between nucleic acid bases that allows automatic annotation of crystal structures and bioinformatic research of structured regions in RNA sequences; This structural bioinformatics work by the RNA has made it possible to identify a set of constraints in sequence allowing architectural models of RNA. This set of rules and constraints, which can be read from sequence alignments and manipulated by computer, allows them to deduce RNA architectures, which is essential for our understanding of the function and structural evolution of RNAs.

Eric Westhof has extended his physico-chemical, structural and dynamic studies of RNAs to functional and evolutionary aspects, as well as to the prediction of strong and specific molecular interactions with molecules of therapeutic interest. The crystallographic structures of many complexes between aminoglycoside antibiotics and the site A of the 30S particle of eubacterial ribosomes clearly show the origin of the binding specificity and resistance induced by these aminoglycosides. Recently, with Marat and Gula Yusupov and their collaborators, a detailed understanding of decoding errors due to tautomeric forms of the pairs between G and U has been demonstrated. In parallel with Henri Grosjean, a new representation of the genetic code anchored in ribosome structures related to messenger RNA and transfer RNA and integrating the very numerous observations on the effects of changes in transfer RNAs is of great interest.

Other articles based on the analysis of crystallographic and bioinformatic structures have generated a large number of citations. In 1984, Eric Westhof and Marc van Regenmortel's team demonstrated a correlation that proved to be central in immunochemistry: antigen epitopes generally have greater mobility than the less immunogenic regions of proteins. With Pascal Auffinger, the importance and specificity of halogen atom-mediated bonds in biological macromolecules and nucleic acids was established. Finally, with the Genolevures consortium, they annotated the non-coding RNAs of yeasts in addition to the coding genes and compared them between yeasts.

## Nucleic acid base pairs

The natural bases of nucleic acids form a great variety of base pairs with at least two hydrogen bonds between them. These hydrogen bonds can occur between atoms belonging to any of the three edges of the nucleic acid edges. The possible combinations lead to a classification in twelve main families, with the Watson-Crick family being one of them. In a given family, some of the base pairs are isosteric between them, meaning that the positions and the distances between the C1’ carbon atoms are very similar. The isostericity of Watson-Crick pairs between the complementary bases forms the basis of RNA helices and of the resulting RNA secondary structure (covariation). In addition, several defined suites of non-Watson-Crick base pairs assemble into RNA modules that form recurrent, rather regular, building blocks of the tertiary architecture of folded RNAs. RNA modules are intrinsic to RNA architecture are therefore disconnected from a biological function specifically attached to a RNA sequence. RNA modules occur in all kingdoms of life and in structured RNAs with diverse functions. Because of chemical and geometrical constraints, isostericity between non-Watson-Crick pairs is restricted and this leads to higher sequence conservation with coevolution (neutral networks) in RNA modules with, consequently, greater difficulties in extracting 3D information from sequence analysis.

## Tautomerism and recognition of nucleic acid base pairs

Nucleic acid helices are recognized in several biological processes like during nucleic acid replication or ribosomal translational decoding. In polymerases and the ribosomal decoding site, the recognition occurs on the minor groove sides of the helical fragments. With or without the use of alternative conformations, protonated or tautomeric forms of the bases, some base pairs with Watson-Crick-like geometries can form and be stabilized. Several of these pairs with Watson-Crick-like geometries extend the concept of isostericity beyond the number of isosteric pairs formed between complementary bases. These observations set therefore limits and constraints to geometric selection in molecular recognition of complementary Watson-Crick pairs for fidelity in replication and translation processes.

## Ribosomal decoding fidelity and efficiency

The basic principles of mRNA decoding are conserved among all extant life forms. We present an integrative view all the complex interaction networks between mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA : the intrinsic stability of codon-anticodon trimers, the spatial conformation of the anticodon stem-loop of tRNA, the presence of modified nucleotides, the occurrence of non-Watson-Crick pairs in the codon-anticodon helix and the interactions with bases of rRNA at the decoding site. We derive an information-rich, alternative representation of the genetic code table. The new organization of the 64 codons is circular with an asymmetric distribution of codons that leads to a clear segregation between GC-rich 4-codon boxes and AU-rich 2:2-codon and 3:1-codon boxes. The advantage of integrating data in this circular decoding system is that all tRNA sequence variations can be visualized, within an internal structural and energy framework, for each organism and anticodon. Within this new representation, the multiplicity and complexity of nucleotide modifications, especially at positions 34 and 37 of the anticodon loop, segregate meaningfully and correlate well with the necessity to stabilize AU-rich codon-anticodon pairs and to avoid miscoding in split codon boxes. This structure-based network of interactions results in an energetically uniform decoding of all tRNAs that can adapt to the cellular constraints. The evolution and expansion of the genetic code is viewed as originally based on GC content with the progressive introduction of A/U together with tRNA modifications and the modification enzymes. This allows for a great diversity of codon usage depending on GC content of the genome and on the number and types of tRNAs. The representation should help the engineering of the genetic code to non-natural amino acids.

In summary, in order to maximize the diversity in codon usage without increasing the numberf different tRNAs (for decoding the 61 sense codons), cells developed sophisticated arrays of tRNA modifications that are anchored in cellular metabolic enzymatic pathways. The genetic code is not translated universally and several differences exist between organisms and in the three kingdoms of life. In each organism, there is a very strong connectivity between the elements responsible for the reliability and efficiency of the decoding process of the genetic code. The multiplicity of these highly interconnected elements and the integration of the various biological information flows ultimately allow for the maintenance of subtle cellular homeostasis and place the processes of translation at the center of cellular activities.

## Bibliography

* E. Westhof and N. Hardy, Water and Biological Macromolecules in Folding and Self-assembly of Biological Macromolecules, McMillan, London, World Scientific, Singapore, 1993 and 2014
* E. Westhof, R.K. Hartmann, A. Bindereif, A. Schön, Handbook of RNA Biochemistry, Weinheim, Wiley-VCH, 2005, 2014
* E. Westhof and N. Leontis, RNA 3D Structure Analysis and Prediction, Berlin Heidelberg, Springer, 2012.

## Membership in learned societies

## Membership of other academies

## Awards and honours

## InfoBox

| Eric Westhof | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Eric Westhof |
| Alma mater |  |
| Awards | * RNA Society Lifetime Achievement Award (2016) * Médaille de la Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM) (2014) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields |  |
| Institutions |  |
|  | |
| Website | www-ibmc.u-strasbg.fr/upr9002/westhof/index.html |


title: Doris Laine

abstract: Doris Laine was an internationally recognised Finnish ballet dancer, dance choreographer and pedagog, who later held several prominent leadership positions in dance and the wider performing arts. She is regarded as one of the most influential people in Finnish dance.

text:
# Doris Laine

**Doris Laine** (from 1952, **Laine-Almi**; 31 October 1931 — 15 December 2018) was an internationally recognised Finnish ballet dancer, dance choreographer and pedagog, who later held several prominent leadership positions in dance and the wider performing arts. She is regarded as one of the most influential people in Finnish dance.

## Career

### Dance

Laine trained at the ballet school of the Ballet of Finland (later to become the Finnish National Ballet), as well as studying at the Russian Institute of Theatre Arts ('GITIS') and the Moscow State Academy of Choreography. During and after her formal training, she made annual study visits to the USSR, France and the UK.

Laine began her professional career in the Finnish National Ballet's *corps de ballet* in 1947, before being promoted to soloist in 1952, and to principal in 1956, which position she held for twenty years.

From 1964 to 1966, Laine was attached to the Royal Festival Ballet (now English National Ballet) in London as principal dancer.

During her career, Laine danced approximately 50 leading roles, and performed in 29 countries in Europe and the Americas, both in her own right and as part of the National Ballet's tours.

She was especially known for her technical brilliance, virtuosity and sleight of hand.

### Choreography

Over the years, Laine choreographed numerous productions at the Finnish National Ballet.

She was also visiting choreographer at the Norwegian National Opera and Ballet and the National Theatre in Belgrade, among others.

### Leadership roles

In 1985, Laine was appointed the Artistic Director of the Finnish National Ballet, where she served until 1992. During her tenure, she broadened the company's repertoire by premiering several works by Finnish ballet composers. She is also known for having created opportunities for young, upcoming dancers.

She founded the Helsinki International Ballet Competition, first held in 1984, which later became associated with the National Ballet.

She was also the Artistic Director of *Kuopio tanssii ja soi*, the oldest and largest dance festival in the Nordic region, from 1982 to 1992.

From 1992 to 1995, Laine served as Director of Ballet at the Komische Oper Berlin Tanztheater in Germany.

She judged notable ballet competitions, including Varna, Paris, Moscow and the USA IBC, more than 30 times.

Laine served in board and committee roles at several Finnish artistic, culturo-political and labour market organisations, as well as internationally at the International Dance Council and International Theatre Institute of UNESCO, among others.

## Honours and awards

In 1957, Laine was awarded the *Pro Finlandia* medal of the Order of the Lion of Finland.

In 1985, Laine received a grant from the Finnish Cultural Foundation in recognition of her artistic merits.

In 1992, the honorary title of *Professori* was conferred on Laine by President Mauno Koivisto.

## Personal life

Doris Laine was born to a working-class family in Helsinki. Her parents were Aleksander, a labourer, and Lydia Maria.

She was married to the opera singer and Director-General of the Finnish National Opera, Alfons Almi, from 1952 until his death in 1991; they had one daughter, Heidi (born 1956), who also danced ballet professionally, and now, like her parents before her, works in a management role at the National Opera and Ballet.

## InfoBox

| *Professori*Doris Laine*Prima ballerina emerita* | |
| --- | --- |
| Doris Laine in the 1950s | |
| Born | (1931-10-31)31 October 1931
Helsinki, Finland |
| Died | 15 December 2018(2018-12-15) (aged 87)
Helsinki, Finland |
| Years active | 1947-1997 |
| Spouse | Alfons Almi |
| Children | Heidi Almi (daughter) |


# 1967 New Zealand licensing hours referendum

A referendum on the hours for the sale of liquor in hotel bars was held in New Zealand on 23 September 1967. Voters were asked whether they favoured continuing the closing of hotel bars at 6 pm or later closing, the actual hours of sale to be decided according to local conditions. The change was favoured by 64.5% of voters.

This referendum voted to abolish six o’clock closing of hotel bars and the six o’clock swill. The Sale of Liquor referendum, 1949 had voted to continue six o’clock closing, which had been introduced in 1917.

The referendum was held in conjunction with the 1967 New Zealand parliamentary term referendum. Bar closing times were extended to 10 p.m. on 9 October 1967, three weeks after the referendum.

## Results

| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| For | 353,662 | 35.6 |
| Against | 641,105 | 64.5 |
| Invalid/blank votes |  | - |
| **Total** | **994,767** | **100** |
| Source: | | |

## InfoBox

1967 New Zealand licensing hours referendum
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
| --- | |
| \[ \] I favor 6 pm closing as at present.

\[ \] I favor later closing, the actual hours of sale to be decided according to local conditions. | |
| Results | |
| Choice Votes  %  6 pm 353,662 35.55%  Later **641,105** **64.45%**  Valid votes 994,767 100.00%  Invalid or blank votes 0 0.00%  **Total votes** **994,767** **100.00%**  Registered voters/turnout 1,430,320 69.55% | |


title: Akata Witch

abstract: Akata Witch is a 2011 young adult fantasy novel written by Nigerian American author Nnedi Okorafor. It was nominated for the Andre Norton Award and it is the first novel in her The Nsibidi Scripts series; it is followed by two sequels, Akata Warrior (2017) and Akata Woman (2022).

text:
# Akata Witch

***Akata Witch*** (retitled ***What Sunny Saw in the Flames*** in Nigeria and the UK) is a 2011 young adult fantasy novel written by Nigerian American author Nnedi Okorafor. It was nominated for the Andre Norton Award and it is the first novel in her *The Nsibidi Scripts* series; it is followed by two sequels, *Akata Warrior* (2017) and *Akata Woman* (2022).

## Background

Nnedi Okorafor based the novel in Nigerian culture and politics, and African cosmology, folklore, and tradition to create many of the entities and spirits in the novel.

## Plot

Twelve-year-old Sunny Nwazue was born in America yet lives in Aba, Nigeria. She is Nigerian, Black and albino, and cannot go out in the sun for long periods because of her albinism.

Sunny discovers that she has magical abilities which makes her a "free agent" in the magical community called the Leopard People in West Africa. As a free agent, she needs to learn about the magical community. Her magical teachers connect her with three other magical students to become a coven, a group of magical Leopard People assembled to pursue a purpose. The group is cultivated by leaders in the magical communities to try to capture Black Hat Otokoto, a serial killer who also knows magic.

## Characters

* **Sunny Nwazue** is an American-born Nigerian. Aged 12 and albino, Sunny loves to play soccer but is unable to spend long periods in the sun. Because of her pale skin and hair, people call her a witch.
* **Orlu** is Sunny's classmate at school and a "Leopard Person"
* **Chichi** is Orlu's friend who becomes close with Sunny. Chichi can see Sunny's magical abilities better than anyone else.
* **Sasha** is another American-born Nigerian. He was sent to Nigeria by his parents as punishment for using his magic inappropriately.
* **Black Hat Otokoto** is the main antagonist of the novel. A powerful witch, he targets children for his evil deeds.

## Themes

The novel deals with themes of ethnicity, identity, and dealing with whatever gifts or curses life provides.

## Publication history

The novel was published as *What Sunny Saw in the Flames* in both Nigeria and the UK; *akata* has a derogatory meaning in Nigerian dialects. The original edition's title is meant to face and criticize its derogatory meaning.

## Reception

*Kirkus Reviews* called the novel "ebulliently original." *The New York Times* recommended it as one of "7 great fantasy novels for teenagers," saying that Okorafor "weaves an enchanting spell in this book and its sequel." The *Los Angeles Times* said "in an increasingly globalized world, Okorafor's outsider perspective offers a refreshing Afro take on the popular coming-of-age fantasy genre."

*Time* recognized the book as one of the 100 Best Fantasy Books of All Time, praising Okorafor's use of Nigerian folk beliefs and rituals.

Okorafor's *Akata* novels have been met with resistance among religious conservatives in Nigeria, who argue that the novels glorify superstition and witchcraft.

## Awards

*Akata Witch* received the following awards and accolades:

The novel was also named an Amazon.com best book of the year.

## Sequels

The novel was followed by two sequels; *Akata Warrior* (2017) and *Akata Woman* (2022).

## InfoBox

Akata Witch
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Nnedi Okorafor |
| Cover artist | Greg Ruth |
| Language | English |
| Series | *Nsibidi Scripts Series* |
| Subject | Africanjujuism |
| Genre | Fantasy
Young adult fiction |
| Set in | Nigeria |
| Published | 2011 |
| Publisher | Viking/Penguin Books |
| Publication place | United States
Nigeria |
| Pages | 349 |
| Followed by | *Akata Warrior* |


title: Al-'Adudi Hospital

abstract: The Al-'Adudi Hospital was established during the era of organized hospitals developed in medieval Islamic culture. Some of these early hospitals were located in Baghdad and among those was the bimaristan Al-'Adudi. The hospital came to be when King of the Buyid Dynasty, 'Adud al-Dawla, decided to construct the hospital a few years before he died. Al-'Adudi was considered one of the most innovative and modern hospitals of the medieval Islamic time period. Amongst well-known physicians of the time period, this hospital was known as an institution for learning and practicing medicine.

text:
# Al-'Adudi Hospital

The **Al-'Adudi Hospital** was established during the era of organized hospitals developed in medieval Islamic culture. Some of these early hospitals were located in Baghdad and among those was the bimaristan **Al-'Adudi**. The hospital came to be when King of the Buyid Dynasty, 'Adud al-Dawla, decided to construct the hospital a few years before he died. Al-'Adudi was considered one of the most innovative and modern hospitals of the medieval Islamic time period. Amongst well-known physicians of the time period, this hospital was known as an institution for learning and practicing medicine.

## Construction

King 'Adud al-Dawla provided the funding for the hospital from the properties that he owned. Before the construction of the building and its quarters, well-known physician, al-Razi, was chosen to decide the ideal location for Al-'Adudi. In order to make the appropriate choice, it is said that different areas of the city were tested by hanging meat and choosing the place that resulted in the minimal amount of decay of the meat. The site lay on the highest part of the west bank of the Tigris River. It was thus removed from the stagnant air and insects that infested the lower river bank. For this reason, it had previously been chosen as the location of the Khuld Palace, built in the 8th century by Caliph al-Mansur. The completion of the construction of Al-'Adudi was in 981 AD.

The Al-'Adudi Hospital was reconstructed twice after its initial development. The first time the Al-'Adudi was destroyed occurred in 1068 due to a flood of the Tigris. After it was rebuilt, it is said the hospital improved in its facilities and the care provided to patients. However, visitors who passed through the hospital shared that Al-'Adudi did not actually treat patients with the same quality care. Some shared that the physicians only visited patients a couple times a week. The Al-'Adudi Hospital was destroyed for the second time during the Siege of Baghdad in 1258. The hospital was not rebuilt for a third time.

## Medical institution

Al-'Adudi served as more than a place in which infections were cured. The hospital was both a medical institution and an institution for learning medicine. As it was a Bimaristan, it served individuals of all backgrounds regardless of sex and other identities. Males and females were treated at the hospital by expert physicians of different areas of medicine that created set plans for patients. In Al-'Adudi, there were twenty-four physicians hired as well as nurses that cared for patients that shared the same sex. After the second construction of Al-'Adudi, the number of physicians increased to twenty-eight. Among the physicians, were specialists such as surgeons, ophthalmologists, orthopedics, oculists and future physicians. Some of the physicians cared for patients and also taught students of medicine. A traveler named, Ibn Jubayr, is said to have described the hospital to be made of many quarters that had large rooms for different purposes. Al-'Adudi was said to resemble characteristics of palaces. It also held some of the most recent pharmaceutical developments. Although the Al-'Adudi Hospital had its main location of function and work for physicians, Ibn Sina, who was a leader and well-known physician, asked that prisons also schedule organized regular medical checkups for the prisoners. He gave the physician, Sinan bin Thabit, the job to assign medical officers frequent visits to the prisons.

## Learning institution

The way of learning for medical students today is similar when compared to the approach for learning medicine in early Islamic hospitals. Al-'Adudi was among the first hospitals that emphasized the importance for medical students to have direct contact with patients. Al-'Adudi began as one of the hospitals that would work as a place in which students could learn and practice their specialty. The education of medicine became significant during the period of hospitals like Al-'Adudi for the goal of having students move beyond the classroom. Al-'Adudi was modeled after hospitals like those in Jundi-Shapur. Medical students in Al-'Adudi were able to participate in rounds, attend lectures, and have discussions with other medical professionals. As there were physicians of different areas of expertise, students were, for example, able to view the skills of surgeons who practiced in optometry and orthopedics among other areas of medicine. One way in which the medical knowledge of students was assessed would be by directly asking students questions relating to the medical conditions of the patients in their presence. Among the physicians that taught and assessed students was Hibat Allah Ibn al-Tilmidh.

## Physicians

There were numerous experts of medicine throughout the existence of Al-'Adudi that helped the hospital from the beginning of its founding until the end. Among those were Al-Razi, who helped King 'Adud al-Dawla choose the location of the hospital. Before the death of King 'Adud al-Dawla, Ibn Mandevaih worked under his reign for a salary. During Ibn Mandevaih's time at 'Al-Adudi, he was able to prove his medical knowledge, which allowed him to work further outside of the hospital. A physician who received his medical education at Al-'Adudi was Ibn Jazlah. He studied under Ibn Hibat Allah and continued his medical career by contributing to the field with works such as *Taqwim al-Abdan fi Tadbir al-Insan* (The Almanac of Bodily Parts for the Treatment of People). Ibn al-Tilmidh also contributed to Al-'Adudi during the early part of the 12th century in which he served as the chief of the hospital. Among the medical specialists that worked at Al-'Adudi were also Al-Dakhwar (optometrist), Ibn Tufail (surgeon), and Ibn Butlan, who received an education from the institution.

* Dajani, Akram M. "Medical Education in Islamic Civilization". *Journal of the Islamic Medical Association of North America* 21 (1989): 166–172.
* Farkhondehzadeh, Mahboobeh, Seyyed Alireza, Mohammad Reza Sanaye, and Babak Daneshfard. "Ibn Mandevaih Isfahani (949–983(?) AD), a physician from Isfahan's medical school". *Journal of Medical Biography* 0, no. 0 (2017): 1–6.
* "FIMA Yearbook 2009". *Jordan Society for Islamic Medical Sciences* (2010): 99–126.
* Hamarneh, Sami. "Development of Hospitals in Islam". *Journal of History of Medicine and Allied Sciences* 17, no. 3 (1962): 366–384.
* Lev, Efraim. "An Early Fragment of Ibn Jazlah's Tabulated Manual 'Taqw¯ım al-Abdan¯' from the Cairo Genizah (T-S Ar.41.137)". *The Royal Asiatic Society* 24, no.2 (2013): 189–223.
* Miller, Andrew C. "Jundi-Shapur, bimaristans, and the rise of academic medical centres". *Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine* 99, no. 12 (2006): 615–617.
* Nowsheravi, A.R. "Muslim Hospitals in the Medieval Period". *Islamic Studies* 22, no. 2 (1983): 51–62.
* Syed, Ibrahim B. "Islamic Medicine: 1000 years ahead of its time". *Journal of the Islamic Medical Association of North America* 13, no. 1 (1981): 2–9.

## InfoBox

| Al-'Adudi Hospital | |
| --- | --- |
| Medallion depicting King 'Adud al-Dawla, patron of Al-'Adudi Hospital | |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Baghdad, Iraq |
| Coordinates | 33°21′N 44°22′E / 33.350°N 44.367°E / 33.350; 44.367 |
| Organisation | |
| Funding | Private |
| Type | Teaching |
| Patron | 'Adud al-Dawla |
| History | |
| Opened | 981 |
| Demolished | 1258 |
| Links | |
| Lists | Hospitals in Iraq |


title: Alan Carroll

abstract: Alan Carroll was an engineer and Royal Air Force pilot who became the youngest leader of a British Antarctic base. He was awarded the Polar Medal by Queen Elizabeth in 2008.

text:
# Alan Carroll

**Alan Carroll** (10 December 1932 – 30 September 2017) was an engineer and Royal Air Force pilot who became the youngest leader of a British Antarctic base. He was awarded the Polar Medal by Queen Elizabeth in 2008.

## InfoBox

| Alan Carroll | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 10 December 1932 |
| Died | 30 September 2017(2017-09-30) (aged 84) |
| Nationality | British |
| **Engineering career** | |
| Awards | Polar Medal |
|  | |


title: Aki-Imuro Station

abstract: Aki-Imuro Station is a former JR West Kabe Line station located in Asakita-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. It closed on December 1, 2003, when operation of the line was discontinued/suspended between Kabe Station and Sandankyō Station.

text:
# Aki-Imuro Station

**Aki-Imuro Station** (安芸飯室駅, *Aki-Imuro-eki*) is a former JR West Kabe Line station located in Asakita-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. It closed on December 1, 2003, when operation of the line was discontinued/suspended between Kabe Station and Sandankyō Station.

## Lines

## Adjacent stations

| « | | Service | » | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kabe Line | | | | |
| Kegi | | - | Nuno | |

## InfoBox

| Aki-Imuro
安芸飯室駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Station building, December 1990 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Asakita-ku, Hiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture
Japan |
| Coordinates | 34°32′40.29″N 132°25′46.78″E / 34.5445250°N 132.4296611°E / 34.5445250; 132.4296611 |
| Operated by | JR West |
| Line(s) | Kabe Line |
| History | |
| Closed | December 1, 2003 (2003-12-01) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station   JR West   Following station  Kegi   Kabe Line   Nuno | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Akanksha Sahai

abstract: Akanksha Sahai is an Indian athlete that is chosen to compete in the 2009 Asian Indoor Games and the first World Vovinam Championship. In the dual sword form event of the Indoor Games, Pratiksha Santosh Shinde and Akanksha Sahai got India a silver medal. It's also Pratiksha's third silver coming in fights category. In the World Vovinam Championship, she is ranked number 3.

text:
# Akanksha Sahai

**Akanksha Sahai** (born 28 October 1988) is an Indian athlete that is chosen to compete in the 2009 Asian Indoor Games and the first World Vovinam Championship. In the dual sword form event of the Indoor Games, Pratiksha Santosh Shinde and Akanksha Sahai got India a silver medal. It's also Pratiksha's third silver coming in fights category.

In the World Vovinam Championship, she is ranked number 3.

## Early life

Akanksha is a student at University of Delhi, who majors in Commerce and a Masters from Lancaster University in International Business. Together with her father, Vishnu Sahai, who is a doctor and a peer, she makes vovinam popular in the whole India. She helps him a lot to communicate with people, organise and acts as an athlete. Among the Indian athletes, she is the only one that is considered to be able to serve as a judge.

## InfoBox

Akanksha Sahai
| From left to right: Pratiksha Santosh Shinde, Akanksha and a Vietnamese volunteer | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Akanksha Sahai |
| Born | (1988-10-28) 28 October 1988<br>India |
| Height | 160 cm (5 ft 3 in) |
| Weight | 54 kg (119 lb) |
| Medal record      Representing  India  Vovinam  World Vovinam Championship  2009 Ho Chi Minh City  TBA   Asian Indoor Games  2009 Hanoi  Double | |


title: Akpro-Missérété

abstract: Akpro-Missérété is a city, arrondissement, and commune in Ouémé Department, Benin. The commune covers an area of 79 square kilometres and as of 2013 had a population of 127,249 people.

text:
# Akpro-Missérété

**Akpro-Missérété** \[ak.pʁɔ.mi.se.ʁe.te\] is a city, arrondissement, and commune in Ouémé Department, Benin. The commune covers an area of 79 square kilometres and as of 2013 had a population of 127,249 people.

## InfoBox

| Akpro-Missérété | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune and city | |
| Akpro-MissérétéLocation in Benin | |
| Coordinates: 6°33′45″N 2°35′7″E / 6.56250°N 2.58528°E / 6.56250; 2.58528 | |
| Country | Benin |
| Department | Ouémé Department |
| Commune | Akpro-Missérété |
| Area | |
| Total | 79 km2 (31 sq mi) |
| Population (2013) | |
| Total | 127,249 |


title: Alan Greaves

abstract: Alan Greaves is a lecturer at the University of Liverpool, UK, who specialises in the Bronze and Iron Ages of Anatolia.

text:
# Alan Greaves

**Alan Greaves** PFHEA (born 1969, Otley, West Yorkshire) is a lecturer at the University of Liverpool, UK, who specialises in the Bronze and Iron Ages of Anatolia.

## Career

In 2005 he was made a National Teaching Fellow by the UK Higher Education Academy.

In 2017 he was made a Principal Fellow of the Higher Education Academy in recognition of his advocacy of LGBT inclusion in British universities.

## Representative Publications

* Alan M Greaves. (2002). *Miletos: A History*, London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-23846-3
* A. Fletcher and A. Greaves (eds.) (2007). *Transanatolia*, (Anatolian Studies 57). BIAA.
* Alan M Greaves. (2010). *The Land of Ionia: Society and Economy in the Archaic Period*, Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-9900-1
* Alan M Greaves (2015). John Garstang's Footsteps across Anatolia, Koc University Press. ISBN 9759780275 ISBN 978-9759780272

## Tours

He leads archaeological tours for Peter Sommer Travels.


title: Alan W. Eastham

abstract:
Alan Walter Eastham, Jr was the American Ambassador to the Congo from 2008 until 2010. He was also Ambassador to Malawi from 2005 until 2008 and U.S. Consul General in Bordeaux, France beginning in 1994. Born and raised in Dumas, Arkansas, he graduated from Hendrix College with a degree in philosophy and earned a Juris Doctor degree from the Georgetown University Law Center. He’s been a Senior Fellow in International Relations
and International Programs at Hendrix.

text:
# Alan W. Eastham

**Alan Walter Eastham, Jr** (born October 16, 1951 in Dumas, Arkansas) was the American Ambassador to the Congo from 2008 until 2010. He was also Ambassador to Malawi from 2005 until 2008 and U.S. Consul General in Bordeaux, France beginning in 1994.

Born and raised in Dumas, Arkansas, he graduated from Hendrix College with a degree in philosophy and earned a Juris Doctor degree from the Georgetown University Law Center. He’s been a Senior Fellow in International Relations and International Programs at Hendrix.

1. "The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR ALAN EASTHAM" (PDF). *Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training*. 28 July 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 July 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
2. "Alan Eastham, Junior". *Hendrix College*. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
3. "Ambassador Alan Eastham". *Hendrix College*. Retrieved 29 August 2021.


title: Doctor Gachet's Garden in Auvers

abstract: Dr. Gachet's Garden in Auvers and Marguerite Gachet in the Garden were both painted in 1890 by Vincent van Gogh in the gardens of his homeopathic physician, Dr. Paul Gachet. Both paintings reside at the Musée d'Orsay.

text:
# Doctor Gachet's Garden in Auvers

| Marguerite Gachet in the Garden | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Artist | Vincent van Gogh |
| Year | 1890 |
| Medium | Oil on canvas |
| Location | Musée d'Orsay, Paris (F756) |

***Dr. Gachet's Garden in Auvers*** and ***Marguerite Gachet in the Garden*** were both painted in 1890 by Vincent van Gogh in the gardens of his homeopathic physician, Dr. Paul Gachet. Both paintings reside at the Musée d'Orsay.

## Background

Following a year's stay at an asylum in Saint-Rémy, Van Gogh left the hospital in May 1890 for Paris where he had a three-day stay with his brother, Theo, Theo's wife Johanna and their new baby Vincent. From there he went to Auvers-sur-Oise. Van Gogh left Saint-Rémy to come to Auvers to be near his brother, but away from the bustle of the city.

### Dr. Gachet

While Van Gogh was in Saint-Rémy, his brother, Theo and artist Camille Pissarro developed a plan for Van Gogh to go to Auvers-sur-Oise with a letter of introduction for Dr. Paul Gachet a homeopathic physician and art patron who lived in Auvers. The plan also included him staying at a nearby inn while under the doctor's care. Van Gogh had a room at the nearby Auberge Ravoux.

Van Gogh developed a close relationship with the doctor who he described as "something like another brother." From the first meeting, though, Van Gogh sensed that Dr. Gachet may have been as ill as he. In a letter from May 20, 1890, Van Gogh wrote, "I have seen Dr. Gachet, who made the impression on me of being rather eccentric, but his experience as a doctor must keep him balanced while fighting the nervous trouble from which he certainly seems to me to be suffering at least as seriously as I."

### Gardens

Van Gogh derived enjoyment from gardens; from his father's garden in the Netherlands, the garden he created at his London rental property when he was an art dealer there, to the many paintings that he made of flowers and other gardens. When he integrated Impressionism into his work, his interest in gardens are depicted in the gardens of the Arles hospital, Saint-Rémy asylum and the gardens of Charles Daubigny and Dr. Paul Gachet in Auvers.

Van Gogh wrote many letters to his brother Theo and Willemina about gardening ideas, color harmonies and the benefits of working in a garden. Known for his works of sunflowers, he also made paintings with red poppies, grasses, irises and other garden plants. The colors used in the paintings may have been suggestive of his mood. When depressed, he painted "ghostly white-hooded arums." When he was in good mood he used bright colors, such as vibrant pink oleanders. During times of inner turmoil, “dark green spire like cypresses writhing with energy and contorted olive trees vibrant with silvery leaves.

To his sister, Wil, Van Gogh advised her to cultivate her own garden, like Voltaire's *Candide*, to find joy and meaning in life.

## Paintings

Sue Roe, author of *The Private Lives of the Impressionists*, wrote of Dr. Gachet's garden:

> "Dr. Gachet's house was set in the hillside above the main street \[of the village\], with a terraced garden full of flowers and looking down into the valley of the Oise. The house and garden were always full of stray cats, chickens and a ragged, featherless rooster... In the garden, he \[Dr. Gachet\] worked at a table painted bright orange (later immortalized by Van Gogh, in his Portrait of Dr Gachet)."

"Maison du Dr. Gachet," the house and gardens of Dr. Paul Gachet, was opened to the public in 2004.

### *Doctor Gachet's Garden in Auvers*

Van Gogh became friends with Gachet very quickly after arriving at Auvers. He was invited to visit his home as he wanted. Van Gogh hoped to paint Gachet's garden, possibly one or two days a week.

### *Marguerite Gachet in the Garden*

In late June Van Gogh wrote of his interest to paint Marguerite Gachet, maybe in a country girl pose. A few days later he wrote that he painted her in a pink dress playing a piano, and the previous day she had posed for this garden painting. In *Marguerite Gachet in the Garden,* Marguerite is dressed in white, "like a bride." The garden of white roses and light lemon marigolds. It was rumored in Auvers that Van Gogh considered Marguerite a friend and that she desired a relationship with him.

Dr. Gachet, though, had not given permission for the sittings and when he learned of the two sittings in two consecutive nights he was quite apprehensive about any relationship they might share. Dr. Gachet asked Van Gogh to end his relationship with Marguerite.

Derek Fell, author of *Van Gogh's Women: Vincent's Love Affairs and Journey Into Madness*, suggests that Van Gogh may have cared more deeply than imagined and been at least in part the reason for shooting himself. In a letter to Theo Van Gogh expressed his sadness and frustration of not having a long-term partnership, "That desire \[for marriage\] has left me, though the mental suffering of it remains."

There were other concerns as well that affected Van Gogh at that time: the illness of Theo's baby, Theo's health and employment issues, potential loss of Theo's support and the destruction of his relationship with Dr. Gachet who was meant to manage Van Gogh's health and be a stabilizing influence.

### Provenance

Both 'garden paintings' were part of the collection of Dr. Gachet until 1954 when they were given to the state and allotted to the Louvre museum, gallery of Jeu de Paume. The paintings resided there at the gallery of Jeu de Paume, or Musée de l'Impressionisme from 1954 to 1986. In 1986 the museum closed due to cramped conditions and its collections were transferred to the new Musée d’Orsay. Since 1986 the paintings have been at the Musée d'Orsay.

## Other paintings of the Gachets

Gachet and his daughter were both subjects for Van Gogh's paintings.

## Vincent van Gogh's last months

For a time, Van Gogh seemed to improve. He began to paint at such a steady pace, there was barely space in his room for all the finished paintings. From May until his death on July 29, Van Gogh made about 70 paintings, more than one a day, and many drawings. Van Gogh painted buildings around the town of Auvers, such as *The Church at Auvers*, portraits, and the nearby fields.

From Wallace, "But for all his appearance of a renewed well-being his life was very near its end." Illness struck Theo's baby, Vincent. Theo had both health and employment issues; he considered leaving his employer and starting his own business. Gachet, said to have his own eccentricities and neurosis, caused Van Gogh concern to which he questioned: "Now when one blind man leads another blind man, don't they both end up in the ditch?"

After visiting Paris for a family conference, Van Gogh returned to Auvers more bleak. In a letter he wrote, "And the prospect grows darker, I see no future at all."

## InfoBox

| Doctor Gachet's Garden in Auvers | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Artist | Vincent van Gogh |
| Year | 1890 |
| Medium | Oil on canvas |
| Location | Musée d'Orsay, Paris (F755) |