abstract: The 2018 Nippon Professional Baseball season was the 69th season since the NPB was reorganized in 1950.

text:
# 2018 Nippon Professional Baseball season

The **2018 Nippon Professional Baseball season** was the 69th season since the NPB was reorganized in 1950.

## Regular season standings

Central League regular season standings
| Pos | Team |  |  |  |  | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Hiroshima Toyo Carp | 143 | 82 | 59 | 2 | .582 |  | 45-25–2 | 37-34–0 |
| 2 | Tokyo Yakult Swallows | 143 | 75 | 66 | 2 | .532 | 7.0 | 41-30–0 | 34-36–2 |
| 3 | Yomiuri Giants | 143 | 67 | 71 | 5 | .482 | 13.5 | 33–38–1 | 34–33–4 |
|  | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | Yokohama DeNA BayStars | 143 | 67 | 74 | 2 | .475 | 14.0 | 33–38–1 | 34–36–1 |
| 5 | Chunichi Dragons | 143 | 63 | 78 | 2 | .447 | 19.0 | 36–33-2 | 27–45–0 |
| 6 | Hanshin Tigers | 143 | 62 | 79 | 2 | .440 | 20.0 | 27–42–2 | 35–37–0 |

Pacific League regular season standings
| Pos | Team |  |  |  |  | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Saitama Seibu Lions | 143 | 88 | 53 | 2 | .624 |  | 45–24–2 | 43–29–0 |
| 2 | Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks | 143 | 82 | 60 | 1 | .577 | 6.5 | 40–30–1 | 42–30–0 |
| 3 | Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters | 143 | 74 | 66 | 3 | .529 | 13.5 | 40–29–2 | 34–37–1 |
|  | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | Orix Buffaloes | 143 | 65 | 73 | 5 | .471 | 21.5 | 33–37–2 | 32–36–3 |
| 5 | Chiba Lotte Marines | 143 | 59 | 81 | 3 | .421 | 28.5 | 28–43–1 | 31–38–2 |
| 6 | Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles | 143 | 58 | 82 | 3 | .414 | 29.5 | 22–50–0 | 36–32–3 |

## Interleague results

*Current as of 25 September 2018*

Interleague results are placed in order of current regular season standings. The 'I' column indicates the teams' interleague position.

The interleague results are indicative only of the teams playing ability against those teams in the opposing league, and have no bearing on the placings or Climax Series'. The sponsor, Nippon Life, does hand out awards to players and teams based on their finishing in the Interleague standings, however.

Central League regular season standings
| Pos | Team |  |  |  |  | Pct. |  | Home | Road |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Hiroshima Toyo Carp | 18 | 7 | 11 | 0 | .389 | 4 | 5–4–0 | 2–7–0 |
| 2 | Tokyo Yakult Swallows | 18 | 12 | 6 | 0 | .667 | 1 | 6–3–0 | 6–3–0 |
| 3 | Yomiuri Giants | 18 | 8 | 10 | 0 | .444 | 2 | 4–5–0 | 4–5–0 |
|  | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | Chunichi Dragons | 18 | 7 | 11 | 0 | .389 | 4 | 4–5–0 | 3–6–0 |
| 5 | Yokohama DeNA BayStars | 18 | 8 | 10 | 0 | .444 | 2 | 6–3–0 | 2–7–0 |
| 6 | Hanshin Tigers | 18 | 6 | 11 | 1 | .353 | 6 | 2–6–1 | 4–5–0 |

Pacific League regular season standings
| Pos | Team |  |  |  |  | Pct. |  | Home | Road |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Saitama Seibu Lions | 18 | 10 | 8 | 0 | .556 | 4 | 5–4–0 | 5–4–0 |
| 2 | Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks | 18 | 11 | 7 | 0 | .611 | 2 | 6–3–0 | 5–4–0 |
| 3 | Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters | 18 | 10 | 8 | 0 | .556 | 4 | 6–3–0 | 4–5–0 |
|  | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | Orix Buffaloes | 18 | 11 | 6 | 1 | .647 | 1 | 7–2–0 | 4–4–1 |
| 5 | Chiba Lotte Marines | 18 | 11 | 7 | 0 | .611 | 2 | 6–3–0 | 5–4–0 |
| 6 | Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles | 18 | 6 | 12 | 0 | .333 | 6 | 3–6–0 | 3–6–0 |

## Climax Series

### First stage

#### Central League

**Tokyo Yakult Swallows (0) vs. Yomiuri Giants (2)**

| Game | Date | Score | Location | Time | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | October 13 | **Yomiuri Giants** – 4, Tokyo Yakult Swallows – 1 | Meiji Jingu Stadium | 3:06 | 30,735 |
| 2 | October 14 | **Yomiuri Giants** – 4, Tokyo Yakult Swallows – 0 | Meiji Jingu Stadium | 2:40 | 30,798 |

#### Pacific League

**Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks (2) vs. Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters (1)**

| Game | Date | Score | Location | Time | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | October 13 | Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters – 3, **Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks** – 8 | Fukuoka Yahuoku! Dome | 3:35 | 35,301 |
| 2 | October 14 | **Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters** – 4, Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks – 2 | Fukuoka Yahuoku! Dome | 3:32 | 38,125 |
| 3 | October 15 | Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters – 2, **Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks** – 5 | Fukuoka Yahuoku! Dome | 3:46 | 34,794 |

### Final stage

#### Central League

**Hiroshima Carp (4) vs. Yomiuri Giants (0)**

| Game | Date | Score | Location | Time | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | October 17 | Yomiuri Giants – 1, **Hiroshima Carp** – 6 | Mazda Stadium | 3:07 | 31,311 |
| 2 | October 18 | Yomiuri Giants – 1, **Hiroshima Carp** – 4 | Mazda Stadium | 2:36 | 31,356 |
| 3 | October 19 | Yomiuri Giants – 1, **Hiroshima Carp** – 5 | Mazda Stadium | 3:02 | 31,371 |

#### Pacific League

**Saitama Seibu Lions (2) vs. Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks (4)**

| Game | Date | Score | Location | Time | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | October 17 | **Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks** – 10, Saitama Seibu Lions – 4 | MetLife Dome | 3:25 | 31,961 |
| 2 | October 18 | Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks – 5, **Saitama Seibu Lions** – 13 | MetLife Dome | 3:30 | 31,106 |
| 3 | October 19 | **Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks** – 15, Saitama Seibu Lions – 4 | MetLife Dome | 3:30 | 31,238 |
| 4 | October 20 | **Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks** – 8, Saitama Seibu Lions – 2 | MetLife Dome | 3:31 | 32,170 |
| 5 | October 21 | **Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks** – 6, Saitama Seibu Lions – 5 | MetLife Dome | 3:26 | 31,532 |

## Japan Series

*SoftBank Hawks won the series, 411.*

| Game | Date | Score | Location | Time | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | October 27 | Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks – 2 @ Hiroshima Toyo Carp – 2 (12) | Mazda Stadium | 4:38 | 30,727 |
| 2 | October 28 | Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks – 1 @ **Hiroshima Toyo Carp** – 5 | Mazda Stadium | 2:55 | 30,724 |
| 3 | October 30 | Hiroshima Toyo Carp – 8 @ **Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks** – 9 | Fukuoka Yahuoku! Dome | 3:57 | 35,746 |
| 4 | October 31 | Hiroshima Toyo Carp – 1 @ **Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks** – 4 | Fukuoka Yahuoku! Dome | 3:21 | 35,796 |
| 5 | November 1 | Hiroshima Toyo Carp – 4 @ **Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks** – 5 (10) | Fukuoka Yahuoku! Dome | 4:25 | 35,917 |
| 6 | November 3 | **Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks** – 2 @ Hiroshima Toyo Carp – 0 | Mazda Stadium | 3:14 | 30,723 |

## League leaders

### Central League

### Pacific League

## InfoBox

| 2018 NPB season | |
| --- | --- |
| League | Nippon Professional Baseball |
| Sport | Baseball |
| Duration | March 30  November 3 |
| Number of games | 143 |
| Number of teams | 12 |
| Central League Pennant | |
| League champions | Hiroshima Toyo Carp |
| Runners-up | Tokyo Yakult Swallows |
| Season MVP | Yoshihiro Maru (Toyo) |
| Pacific League Pennant | |
| League champions | Saitama Seibu Lions |
| Runners-up | Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks |
| Season MVP | Hotaka Yamakawa (Seibu) |
| Climax Series | |
| CL champions | Hiroshima Toyo Carp |
| CL runners-up | Yomiuri Giants |
| PL champions | Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks |
| PL runners-up | Saitama Seibu Lions |
| Japan Series | |
| Champions | Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks |
| Runners-up | Hiroshima Toyo Carp |
| Finals MVP | Takuya Kai (SoftBank) |


title: Batoche (former electoral district)

abstract: Batoche was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Canada. It was located in north central Saskatchewan, and was one of the original 25 electoral districts formed when the province was created in 1905. The electoral district was replaced before the next general election in 1908, and was redistributed into Duck Lake, Vonda, Hanley, Saskatoon County and Arm River. Prior to the creation of the province, the riding existed as an electoral district of the North-West Territories. A new district of the same name was created in 2002.

text:
# Batoche (former electoral district)

52°45′N 105°45′W / 52.750°N 105.750°W / 52.750; -105.750

**Batoche** was a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Canada. It was located in north central Saskatchewan, and was one of the original 25 electoral districts formed when the province was created in 1905. The electoral district was replaced before the next general election in 1908, and was redistributed into Duck Lake, Vonda, Hanley, Saskatoon County and Arm River. Prior to the creation of the province, the riding existed as an electoral district of the North-West Territories.

A new district of the same name was created in 2002.

## Member of the Legislative Assembly

|  | # | MLA | Served | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1. | William M. Grant | 1905 - 1908 | Liberal |

## Election results

Saskatchewan General Election 1905: Batoche
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | William M. Grant | 672 | 85.17 |  |
|  | Provincial Rights | Jean Baptiste Boucher | 117 | 14.82 |
| Total | | | 789 | 100.00 |  |


title: Feller buncher

abstract: A feller buncher is a type of harvester used in logging. It is a motorized vehicle with an attachment that can rapidly gather and cut a tree before felling it. Feller is a traditional name for someone who cuts down trees, and bunching is the skidding and assembly of two or more trees. A feller buncher performs both of these harvesting functions and consists of a standard heavy equipment base with a tree-grabbing device furnished with a chain-saw, circular saw or a shear—a pinching device designed to cut small trees off at the base. The machine then places the cut tree on a stack suitable for a skidder, forwarder, or yarder for transport to further processing such as delimbing, bucking, loading, or chipping. Some wheeled feller bunchers lack an articulated arm, and must drive close to a tree to grasp it. In cut-to-length logging a harvester performs the tasks of a feller buncher and additionally does delimbing and bucking.

text:
# Feller buncher

A **feller buncher** is a type of harvester used in logging. It is a motorized vehicle with an attachment that can rapidly gather and cut a tree before felling it.

*Feller* is a traditional name for someone who cuts down trees, and *bunching* is the skidding and assembly of two or more trees. A feller buncher performs both of these harvesting functions and consists of a standard heavy equipment base with a tree-grabbing device furnished with a chain-saw, circular saw or a shear—a pinching device designed to cut small trees off at the base. The machine then places the cut tree on a stack suitable for a skidder, forwarder, or yarder for transport to further processing such as delimbing, bucking, loading, or chipping.

Some wheeled feller bunchers lack an articulated arm, and must drive close to a tree to grasp it.

In cut-to-length logging a harvester performs the tasks of a feller buncher and additionally does delimbing and bucking.

## Components and Felling attachment

Feller buncher is either tracked or wheeled and has self-levelling cabin and matches with different felling heads. For steep terrain, tracked feller buncher is being used because it provides high level of traction to the steep slope and also has high level of stability. For flat terrain, wheeled feller buncher is more efficient compared to tracked feller buncher. It is common that levelling cabins are matched with both wheeled and tracked feller buncher for steep terrain as it provides operator comfort and helps keeping the standard of tree felling production. The size and type of trees determine which type of felling heads being used.

### Types of felling heads

**Disc Saw Head** – It can provide a high speed of cutting when the head is pushed against the tree. Then, the clamp arms will hold the tree when the tree is almost completed cutting. It is able to cut and gather multiple trees in the felling head. The disc saw head with good ground speed provides high production, which allows it to keep more than one skidder working continuously.

**Shear Blade Head** \- It is placed against the tree and the clamp arms will hold the tree firmly. Then, the blade will activate and start cutting the tree. Same as disc saw head, it can hold multiple trees before they are placed on the ground.

**Chain Saw Head** – The floppy head provides minimal control to place the trees on the ground. It might not suit to collect the cut trees or gather the cut stems in the felling head.

## Cost-effectiveness

The purchase cost of a feller buncher is around $180,000 USD and its fuel consumption and lubricant consumption is high among other mechanical harvesting equipment. The feller buncher also has the highest hourly cost which is around $99.5 when comparing other equipment such as a harvesters and grapple skidders. Although the total cost of feller buncher is high in overall, the unit production price is the lowest which explains why feller buncher is considered the most cost-effective harvesting equipment. The average unit cost of the feller buncher is $12.1/m3 while the unit cost of the harvesters is $16.5/m3. The unit cost of the feller buncher is primary affected by the tree size and the tree volume. The unit felling cost is lower when the tree size increased. For example, tree with 5 inches at DBH has the unit cost of $70 while tree with 15 inches at DBH has the unit cost of $12. As the cost of feller buncher is high, only large tree volume can produce more profit to cover the high average cost. In terms of stump height, lower stump height can maximise the use of natural resources and prevent wood waste. Mechanical felling such as using feller buncher can prevent 30% of value loss caused by the high stumps.

## Maintenance

Feller buncher requires daily maintenance before operation and some components only require periodic maintenance. It could ensure the safety of operators and all the workers around the operation. If damaged or faulty machine is operated, it could result in further damage to the machine which can be more expensive to repair.

### Daily or Every 8 hours

#### Lubrication

The felling head is considered one of the hardest part of the feller buncher and it is necessary to apply lubricant to every joint for daily maintenance. It is suggested to apply lubricant to saw head clamps, wrist attachment and driveshaft bearings during every maintenance. The use of grease should meet the extreme pressure performance standard and contains 3% of molybdenum disulphide (MoS2). MoS2 can prevent the wear takes place where the metal to metal contact exists.

#### Fuel

It is also important to check if there is enough fuel for the operation. Feller bunchers use diesel fuel to generate power. In most of the cases, the fuel is preferably to have cetane number greater than 50 (minimum 40). This is suitable for operation at temperatures below -20 °C (-4 °F) or elevations more than 1500m (5000 Ft.). The Cloud Point of the fuel is preferably at least 5 °C (9 °F) lower than the expected low temperature. It is also suggested that the sulphur content of the fuel should not be more than 0.5% as it could reduce 50% of the service interval for the engine oil and filter.

#### Engine coolant

Operators have the responsibility to check the engine coolant level of the feller buncher before starting the engine. The coolant prevents cylinder linear erosion and pitting, and provides protection during extremely low temperature for up to -37 °C (-34 °F). It is recommended to use coolants for heavy-duty engines which are relatively low silicate ethylene glycol base. There are two forms of coolants: pre-diluted or concentrate. Water is required to dilute the concentrated coolant with an approximate ratio of 50:50. The use of supplemental coolant addictive might be also required in the concentrated coolant in order to provide protection against corrosion. Distilled, deionised, or demineralised water is suggested for mixing the concentrated coolant because when some water compositions mix with other substances could form a precipitate, causing damage or blockage in the engine.

### Risk management approach

During maintenance, there are common working hazards related to two main areas: working environment and exhaust system. When working on the exhaust system, be aware of the hot components around the engine. Workers could wear personal protective equipment such as safety spectacles, heat-proof gloves and safety boots. When feller buncher is elevated for service or maintenance, falls from height might happen. Related injuries could be avoided by ensuring dryness of all the walking surface, wiping any oils or other liquid substances on the floor. Also, ensure the feller buncher is parked on a level and stable ground during maintenance. When getting in and out of the machinery, workers are suggested to use three point of contact with two hands holding the handrails and one foot on a step. It is also important to provide sufficient lighting for all the working sites at all time of service.

## Safety

Logging is considered one of the most dangerous occupations. This is because many loggers are injured by the falling objects which are large in size and heavy. “Struck by object” is the most common injuries that reported in the logging industry due to the manual use of equipment during the logging procedures. There is evidence that using mechanized harvesting equipment could reduce the rate of “struck by” injuries. One study indicates that total injury claims could be reduced by 14.2%, while the “struck by” injuries could be reduced by 8.2%, when comparing the changes before and after the use of feller buncher. The significant decline in the number of “struck by” injuries after using the feller buncher in the logging companies supported the statement that using mechanized harvesting equipment could lessen overall injuries. The evidence also found that the rate of injuries in the logging companies without using feller bunchers had increased slightly throughout a period of time, increasing from 14.5% to 17.5%, in five years. In terms of trees fatality, areas with lower levels of mechanization in harvesting resulted in higher rate of trees fatality. For instance, in Eastern areas of the United States, research which compared the conventional and mechanized logging operations, indicated the number of injuries, when using the conventional approach, is three times greater than that of using the mechanized equipment such as a feller buncher. However, mechanized related injury could be raised accordingly, especially when performing machine maintenance or repair. These kinds of injuries could be serious and also costly.

## Limitations

Feller buncher could be highly productive and cost-effective but there are several limitations. Feller buncher is less beneficial when performing operations on a very rough and relatively steep land. For example, in Appalachian hardwood area, trees have heavy crowns and are grown on the steep slopes which requires tracked feller bunchers in the operations. Although tracked feller bunchers allow operations on a steep slope, the cost-effectiveness is not well studied. Also, manual felling can operate on the steeper slopes than the feller bunchers do. On the other hand, feller bunchers are cost-effective only when there is a high volume of trees in the operations. If there is not enough timber to harvest, the unit cost can be expensive, especially when the majority of the operation site is steep slopes. A 2013, University of Maine study suggests that the use of feller bunchers could cause medium to high level of stand damage from 7% to 25%. However, in comparison with other equipment such as harvesters, the damage that is caused by the feller bunchers is less severe.

Media related to Feller bunchers at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Feller buncher | |
| --- | --- |
| Tracked feller buncher | |
| Classification | Wheeled or Tracked |
| Industry | Forestry |
| Application | logging |
| Weight | 13,910 kg (30,670 lb) |
| Fuel source | Diesel |
| Powered | Diesel engine |
| Self-propelled | Yes |
| Wheels | 4 wheels, some types |
| Tracks | Continuous tracks, some types |


abstract: The men's 800 metres event at the 1982 Commonwealth Games was held on 5 and 7 October at the QE II Stadium in Brisbane, Australia.

text:
# Athletics at the 1982 Commonwealth Games – Men's 800 metres

The **men's 800 metres** event at the 1982 Commonwealth Games was held on 5 and 7 October at the QE II Stadium in Brisbane, Australia.

## Medalists

| **Gold** | **Silver** | **Bronze** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Peter Bourke
*Australia* | James Maina Boi
*Kenya* | Chris McGeorge
*England* |

## Results

### Heats

Qualification: First 5 in each heat (Q) and the next 3 fastest (q) qualify for the semifinals.

| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | Peter Bourke | Australia | 1:50.82 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | James Maina Boi | Kenya | 1:51.02 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | Paul Forbes | Scotland | 1:51.64 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | Spyros Spyrou | Cyprus | 1:51.90 | Q |
| 5 | 1 | Philip Norgate | Wales | 1:52.02 | Q |
| 6 | 3 | Juma Ndiwa | Kenya | 1:52.17 | Q |
| 7 | 3 | Garry Cook | England | 1:52.34 | Q |
| 8 | 1 | Temba Mpofu | Botswana | 1:52.38 | Q |
| 9 | 3 | Tap Jonga | Zimbabwe | 1:52.41 | Q |
| 10 | 1 | Sean O'Neill | Northern Ireland | 1:52.64 | Q |
| 11 | 1 | Charlie Oliver | Solomon Islands | 1:52.64 | q |
| 12 | 1 | Glen Taute | Zimbabwe | 1:52.74 | q |
| 13 | 3 | Maxwell Carver | Mauritius | 1:52.87 | q |
| 14 | 3 | Richard Kermode | Fiji | 1:52.91 |  |
| 15 | 1 | Gordon Hinds | Barbados | 1:53.96 |  |
| 16 | 2 | Brett Crew | Australia | 1:54.28 | Q |
| 17 | 2 | Chris McGeorge | England | 1:54.57 | Q |
| 18 | 2 | Olsen Barr | Guyana | 1:54.63 | Q |
| 19 | 2 | John Walker | New Zealand | 1:54.67 | Q |
| 20 | 2 | Sammy Koskei | Kenya | 1:54.85 | Q |
| 21 | 2 | Joseph Ramotshabi | Botswana | 1:55.13 |  |
| 22 | 2 | Archfel Musango | Zambia | 1:55.46 |  |
| 23 | 2 | John Chappory | Gibraltar | 1:55.65 |  |
| 24 | 2 | Ilimotama Daku | Fiji | 1:55.70 |  |
| 25 | 3 | Yeung Sai Mo | Hong Kong | 1:56.69 |  |
| 26 | 1 | Jolly Kapere | Malawi | 1:58.09 |  |
| 26 | 3 | Aaron Hitu | Solomon Islands | 1:58.09 |  |

### Semifinals

Qualification: First 4 in each semifinal (Q) and the next 1 fastest (q) qualify for the final.

| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2 | Peter Bourke | Australia | 1:50.56 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Sammy Koskei | Kenya | 1:50.71 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Chris McGeorge | England | 1:50.72 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | Paul Forbes | Scotland | 1:50.87 | Q |
| 5 | 1 | James Maina Boi | Kenya | 1:50.88 | Q |
| 6 | 2 | Juma Ndiwa | Kenya | 1:50.91 | Q |
| 7 | 2 | Spyros Spyrou | Cyprus | 1:50.96 | q |
| 8 | 1 | Brett Crew | Australia | 1:51.16 | Q |
| 9 | 1 | John Walker | New Zealand | 1:51.68 | Q |
| 10 | 1 | Olsen Barr | Guyana | 1:52.49 |  |
| 11 | 2 | Tap Jonga | Zimbabwe | 1:53.22 |  |
| 12 | 2 | Maxwell Carver | Mauritius | 1:53.37 |  |
| 13 | 2 | Temba Mpofu | Botswana | 1:53.80 |  |
| 14 | 1 | Charlie Oliver | Solomon Islands | 1:56.50 |  |
| 15 | 1 | Sean O'Neill | Northern Ireland | 1:57.16 |  |
| 16 | 1 | Glen Taute | Zimbabwe | 1:58.86 |  |
|  | 1 | Garry Cook | England | DNF |  |
|  | 2 | Philip Norgate | Wales | DNF |  |

### Final

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Peter Bourke | Australia | 1:45.18 |  |
|  | James Maina Boi | Kenya | 1:45.45 |  |
|  | Chris McGeorge | England | 1:45.60 |  |
| 4 | John Walker | New Zealand | 1:46.23 |  |
| 5 | Brett Crew | Australia | 1:46.82 |  |
| 6 | Spyros Spyrou | Cyprus | 1:47.64 |  |
| 7 | Juma Ndiwa | Kenya | 1:47.74 |  |
| 8 | Paul Forbes | Scotland | 1:49.05 |  |
| 9 | Sammy Koskei | Kenya | 1:52.43 |  |

## InfoBox

| Men's 800 metres
at the Commonwealth Games | |
| --- | --- |


title: Eugene Maxwell Frank

abstract: Eugene Maxwell Frank was an American bishop of the Methodist and United Methodist Churches, elected in 1956. He was notable for his passion for racial equality in the Church and beyond. He also distinguished himself as a pastor, as both the youngest Methodist bishop and as the most senior United Methodist bishop, and as the one person more than any other responsible for the establishment of the Saint Paul School of Theology in Kansas City, MO.

text:
# Eugene Maxwell Frank

**Eugene Maxwell Frank** (December 11, 1907  October 13, 2009) was an American bishop of the Methodist and United Methodist Churches, elected in 1956. He was notable for his passion for racial equality in the Church and beyond. He also distinguished himself as a pastor, as both the youngest Methodist bishop and as the most senior United Methodist bishop, and as the one person more than any other responsible for the establishment of the Saint Paul School of Theology in Kansas City, MO.

## Early ministry, education and ordination

Born December 11, 1907, in Cherryvale, Kansas, Frank earned a bachelor's degree from Kansas State Teachers College of Pittsburg in 1930. He earned his Bachelor of Divinity degree in 1932 from the Garrett Bible Institute, Evanston, Illinois. He was ordained a deacon in the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1932, and an elder in 1933.

As a pastor, Frank served congregations throughout eastern Kansas. He served the First Methodist Church of Topeka for the eight years previous to his episcopal election. While at Topeka, his sermons were broadcast each Sunday and he wrote a weekly column for the Topeka Daily Capital newspaper. He was also a featured preacher on the nationally broadcast, Peabody Award winning *The Protestant Hour* radio program.

## Saint Paul School of Theology

As a delegate to the 1956 General Conference of the Methodist Church, Frank led efforts to gain approval to establish a new seminary in Kansas City. Due to a shortage of Methodist clergy in the Midwest and Plains states, this location was selected. When classes began in 1959, Frank was chair of the School's Board of Trustees, continuing in that role until 1972. Former St. Paul President, the Rev. Lovett H. Weems, Jr., said *"More than any one person, Bishop Frank is responsible for both the establishment of Saint Paul and setting its direction as a place for all God's people to prepare to lead."* Frank was still listed as a trustee of the school at the time of his death.

## Episcopal election and ministry

The Frank was elected to the episcopacy at the 1956 General Conference of the Methodist Church. He was at the time the youngest bishop in the denomination. Following the death of Bishop Ralph Edward Dodge in 2008, Frank became the oldest bishop in the United Methodist Church. Frank was also the last Bishop to die of those elected in 1956 or before.

Upon his election, Frank served as Resident Bishop of the Missouri episcopal area (1956–72) and of the Arkansas Area from 1972 until his retirement in 1976. Following retirement, he spent three years on the faculty of the Candler School of Theology at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1980 he returned to Missouri to serve as bishop-in-residence at the Central United Methodist Church (until 1988). Frank also held the distinction of the first President of the Council of Bishops of the United Methodist Church.

Frank served 12 years on the Executive Committee of the World Methodist Council. He led the Commission on Public Relations and Methodist Information (a predecessor of the present United Methodist Communications). He also served on the General Board of Education and the General Committee on Family Life.

## Racial equality

Frank was renowned for his passion for racial equality. During his tenure as bishop in Missouri, he oversaw the merger of the former African-American Southwest Missouri Annual Conference with the two predominantly white annual (regional) conferences in the State. He also witnessed the dissolution of the former African-American Central Jurisdiction, which accompanied the 1968 uniting of the Evangelical United Brethren and Methodist Churches. He saw this as evidence of a new Church that was forming. Emphases on race relations, increasing ministry in urban settings, and youth ministry, he said, indicated the new church had turned to encounter the realities of her mission.

His family recalled at his Memorial Service how hard Frank worked for racial justice. He formed the Metropolitan Planning Commission in Kansas City to address racial equality, human rights and needs. As a result, an urban ministry program was developed that crossed all racial lines.

Indeed, even late in retirement, Frank continued to speak on social issues. In November 2005, for example, he was among 96 U.M. Bishops who signed *"A Call to Repentance and Peace with Justice"* opposing the war in Iraq. In his final column in the Missouri Methodist newspaper (June 1972), he wrote, *"War will never again be a way to settle arguments between nations."*

Retired Bishop Fritz Mutti described Frank as "always unassuming, displaying great humility... He always worked to 'hold the church together.' I value his sense that, as he would put it, 'effective leadership came from the way you related.'"

## Death and funeral

Frank died October 13, 2009, at the Kingswood Manor in Kansas City, Missouri. He was 101 years old. He was survived by his daughters and sons-in-law Wilmagene and Lewis Noonan of Leawood, Kansas, and Susan and Mark Parsons of Ashbourne, Derbyshire in the U.K.; by a daughter, Gretchen Frank Beal of Knoxville, Tennessee, and son and daughter-in-law, Thomas E. Frank and Gail O'Day of Atlanta. Seven grandchildren and 14 great-grandchildren also survived him.

A memorial service was held at 11:00 a.m. on October 17, 2009, at the Central United Methodist Church of Kansas City. A private burial was held October 16 in Pittsburg, Kansas. In lieu of flowers, the family requested memorial contributions be made to the Eugene and Wilma Frank Scholarship Funds at either Saint Paul School of Theology or Candler School of Theology.

* InfoServ, the official information service of The United Methodist Church.
* The Council of Bishops of the United Methodist Church


title: Barton

abstract: Barton may refer to:

text:
# Barton

**Barton** may refer to:

## Places

### Australia

### Canada

### England

### Scotland

### United States

### Elsewhere

## Businesses

## Schools

## Ships

## People and fictional characters

## Other uses

* Barton (demesne), historically synonymous with a feudal demesne in the English West Country, now typically meaning a large farmhouse or the manor house
* Barton (horse), a racehorse
* Barton Highway, in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory
* "Barton", a song by Lisa Hannigan from *At Swim*
* *Barton*, a code name for a generation of AMD Athlon XP processors
* Barton Town, a virtual town in Gaia Online
* Barton Coliseum, a multi-purpose arena in Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
* Barton Beds, a geological layer in southern England


title: Ballets with a Twist

abstract: Ballets with a Twist is a New York City-based company that performs the work of Artistic Director Marilyn Klaus throughout the United States. Klaus founded Ballets with a Twist in 1996, in association with Grammy-nominated composer Stephen Gaboury. The company performed the first incarnation of its signature work, Cocktail Hour: The Show, a collection of theatrical dance vignettes celebrating iconic American social culture, in Manhattan, in 2009.

text:
# Ballets with a Twist

**Ballets with a Twist** is a New York City-based company that performs the work of Artistic Director Marilyn Klaus throughout the United States. Klaus founded Ballets with a Twist in 1996, in association with Grammy-nominated composer Stephen Gaboury. The company performed the first incarnation of its signature work, *Cocktail Hour: The Show*, a collection of theatrical dance vignettes celebrating iconic American social culture, in Manhattan, in 2009.

## History

In the 1980s and early 1990s, Klaus began working with composer Stephen Gaboury, presenting dances set to original music in New York City, around the United States, and in Europe. Premieres during this period included Klaus’s ballroom suite for eight women, *Return to Normalcy*; the quintet *Silver Thaw;* and *The Johnny Show*, a blend of honky-tonk, circus, and comic revue.

In 1996, Klaus formed Ballets with a Twist and began working with costume designer Catherine Zehr. In its inaugural year, the company appeared at the Clark Studio Theater and in 2011 at The David Rubenstein Atrium at Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, the Church of the Holy Trinity, and other venues. Premieres included *Seven-Minute Musical* and a short musical film, *Temple of Swing.*

From 1996 to 2008, the company appeared at a variety of venues and events throughout New York City, including Long Island University's Kumble Theater for the Performing Arts, the Taste of Dance Festival, To the Pointe programs, and First Look at the Schermerhorn Performance Space in Brooklyn. Since 2002, the company has performed annually at the Tribeca Film Festival, premiering a new dance each year.

*Cocktail Hour: The Show*, Klaus's signature evening-length collection of dance vignettes, debuted at Manhattan Movement and Arts Center in November, 2009, with a total of nine cocktail-themed selections. In 2010, Ballets with a Twist presented the suite at Teatro in Piazza, an invitation-only event in Los Angeles, California. The next year, the company invited to Lincoln Center for a sold-out performance of *Cocktail Hour: The Show* at the David Rubenstein Atrium, incorporating animated graphic background projections (now standard for the show) for the first time.

In 2012, XL Nightclub and Cabaret on 42nd Street presented two summer showings of *Cocktail Hour: The Show* in a unique floorshow format. XL hosted the company again in September for a performance featuring music icon Cyndi Lauper and benefiting Lauper's True Colors United. The company joined Lauper again several months later at the Beacon Theatre, for an appearance during Home for the Holidays, Lauper's annual True Colors benefit concert.

Also in 2012, Hamilton Stage, an arm of the Union County Performing Arts Center (UCPAC) in Rahway, New Jersey, welcomed Ballets with a Twist as an artistic affiliate during the theater’s inaugural season. During the company's residency, the UCPAC invited Klaus and her company to represent Hamilton Stage and the city before the New Jersey State Council on the Arts in celebration of the federal Our Town grant awarded to Rahway by the National Endowment for the Arts.

The company's 2013 fall season featured return engagements in libraries as part of the Lincoln Center Local program and Hamilton Stage; debut performances at PlayhouseSquare's Ohio Theatre, presented by Ballet in the City in Cleveland, Manhattan's Stage 48, and the Morris Museum's Bickford Theatre in Morristown, New Jersey; and local press appearances on Cleveland television stations WKYC and WEWS-TV.

Significant engagements in 2014 included premieres at Oregon's Craterian Theater and at Staten Island's St. George Theatre, where the company partnered with award-winning New Jersey youth gospel choir The Special Ensemble. A return to the Beacon Theatre for a guest appearance during Cyndi Lauper's fourth annual Home for the Holidays benefit concert brought the year to a close. 2015 saw additional company firsts: a Texas debut at El Paso's Plaza Theatre, featuring young dancers from Mexico; a lecture/performance presentation on costume design at The Museum at the Fashion Institute of Technology; a Vermont premiere at the Spruce Peak Performing Arts Center in Stowe; and a holiday engagement presented by the Chenango Arts Council in Norwich, New York.

In 2016, Ballets with a Twist completed a university residency with the Department of Theater Arts at Ohio Northern University. Following a week of master classes and choreography workshops, several students were invited to join the company on stage during performances at the Freed Center for the Performing Arts. In the spring, Pennsylvania's Bucks County Playhouse co-produced ballet for the first time with a weekend run of *Cocktail Hour: The Show*. Several months later, Brooklyn Ballet invited the company to participate in First Look, a curated program of new choreography, held at the Actors Fund Center. Closing out the year were a performance at Westchester Community College; another Beacon Theatre guest appearance at Lauper’s Home for the Holidays; and, in celebration of the season, a set of site-specific showings at Saks Fifth Avenue Downtown.

Ballets with a Twist visited Florida and Colorado for the first time in 2017 with engagements at The Sharon L. Morse Performing Arts Center, in The Villages, and the Colorado Chautauqua, in Boulder. Later that year, the company traveled to Oregon for a performance at the Florence Events Center, presented by Seacoast Entertainment Association. An engagement at Raue Center for the Arts, in Crystal Lake, Illinois, followed soon after. A fourth show-opening turn during Cyndi Lauper's Home for the Holidays benefit, at the Beacon Theatre, and a guest appearance in Everett Bradley's seasonal touring production, "Holidelic," at the Highline Ballroom, rounded out 2017.

Early 2018 found Ballets with a Twist in Augusta, Georgia, kicking off the centennial celebrations of the Imperial Theatre with the Academy of Richmond County Purple Pride Marching Band, then in Delray Beach, Florida, for a performance at Old School Square's Crest Theatre. In the summer months, the company made appearances at the White Plains Performing Arts Center and the Westhampton Performing Arts Center, both in New York. A cabaret-style holiday-themed performance at New Jersey's White Eagle Hall, presented by the Jersey City Theater Center, capped off the year.

Ballets with a Twist traveled to the Midwest in early 2019, making stops at The Grand Oshkosh, in Wisconsin, and the Moraine Valley Community College Fine and Performing Arts Center, in Illinois. A pair of shows at the Zeiders American Dream Theater, a newly opened venue in Virginia Beach, rounded out the spring season. Later in the year, New Jersey's Avenel Performing Arts Center presented a four-performance run of *Cocktail Hour: The Show* as part of its inaugural lineup. In another first, the company was invited to appear during the launch of the NYC Department of Transportation's Summer Streets Dance Festival, at Astor Place. Fall engagements included a pair of shows at the Doudna Fine Arts Center (Eastern Illinois University) and another at Wyoming's Cheyenne Civic Center. To end 2019, the company returned to Old School Square with a holiday-themed performance at the Crest Theatre.

The beginning of 2020 brought Ballets with a Twist back to Texas for an appearance at the Charles W. Eisemann Center for Performing Arts. As the COVID-19 pandemic took hold later that year, the company launched a series of film projects staged on the rooftop of its own Tribeca dance studio and at various locations throughout the boroughs of Manhattan, Queens, and Brooklyn. These short films premiered virtually, via the Ballets with a Twist website, in 2021 and 2022. One dance suite choreographed exclusively for the camera during this period was translated to the stage in mid-2022, when the company returned to live performance with an engagement at the Madison Theatre at Molloy College.

As of 2022, the menu of vignettes in *Cocktail Hour: The Show* includes (in order of creation)

* "Champagne"
* "Sputnik"
* "Gimlet"
* "Roy Rogers"
* "Mai Tai"
* "Martini"
* "Margarita"
* "Shirley Temple"
* "Manhattan"
* "Brandy Alexander"
* "White Russian"
* "Absinthe"
* "Holy Water"
* "Scotch on the Rachmaninoff"
* "Mint Julep"
* "Zombie"
* "Bloody Mary"
* "Eau de Vie"
* "Boilermaker"
* "Singapore Sling"
* "Pink Lady"
* "Grappa"
* "Cuba Libre"
* "Caipirinha"
* "Mojito"
* "Lemon Drop"
* "Swimming Pool"
* "Hot Toddy"
* "Cin Cin"
* "Beer"
* "La Paloma"
* "Ranch Water"
* "Double Vision"
* "Smooth Criminal"

## Dancers

Ballets with a Twist maintains a consistent roster of 12 to 14 dancers. In addition, young apprentices frequently join the professionals on stage. When on tour, the company often hosts workshop auditions for local children, some of whom have the opportunity to rehearse and perform with the ensemble.

## Collaborations

Artistic partnerships with professional and aspiring musicians are a regular feature of Ballets with a Twist's regional and national outreach efforts. The company's in-house band, the B-Twist Orchestra, first joined the dancers in performance during Cyndi Lauper's Home for the Holidays concert at the Beacon Theatre in 2012. Subsequent productions of *Cocktail Hour: The Show* have included appearances by the Rahway High School Marching Band, East Cleveland's Mighty Shaw High School Marching Cardinal Band, Newark Symphony Hall's Special Ensemble, Georgia's Academy of Richmond County Purple Pride Marching Band, Brooklyn's L Train Brass Band, and professional solo artists throughout the country.

## Artistic Staff

## InfoBox

| Ballets with a Twist | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Name | Ballets with a Twist |
| Year founded | 1996 |
| Founders | Marilyn Klaus, Stephen Gaboury |
| Founding artistic director | Marilyn Klaus |
| Principal venue | New York City USA |
| Website | www.balletswithatwist.com |
| Artistic staff | |
| Artistic Director | Marilyn Klaus |


title: 211th Military Police Battalion

abstract: The 211th Military Police Battalion is a unit of the Massachusetts Army National Guard. Its Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment is descended from the First Corps of Cadets, initially formed in 1741. It is one of several National Guard units with colonial roots. Its motto is Monstrat Viam – "It Points the Way." While it has served in five wars, the sub-unit's primary contribution to Massachusetts and to the United States was as an officer-producing institution for new regiments from the Revolutionary War through World War II.

text:
# 211th Military Police Battalion

The **211th Military Police Battalion** ("**First Corps of Cadets**") is a unit of the Massachusetts Army National Guard. Its Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment is descended from the First Corps of Cadets, initially formed in 1741. It is one of several National Guard units with colonial roots. Its motto is Monstrat Viam – "It Points the Way." While it has served in five wars, the sub-unit's primary contribution to Massachusetts and to the United States was as an officer-producing institution for new regiments from the Revolutionary War through World War II.

## The inter-war years

The First Corps of Cadets was reorganized on 27 July 1921 as the 1st Separate Infantry Battalion. This was a temporary designation until the Massachusetts National Guard received its allotment of units. With this reorganization the Corps was no longer part of the 26th "Yankee" Division.

In March 1922, the Corps became the 211th Machinegun Battalion, Coast Artillery Corps but in May 1923 was reorganized again as the 2nd Battalion, 211th Artillery, Coast Artillery Corps and was federally recognized in April 1924.

The Corps was reorganized again as a two-battalion regiment in June 1926 as the **211th Coast Artillery Regiment**. The 211th was actually an antiaircraft artillery regiment but assigned to the Coast Artillery which had the mission of providing both coast and antiaircraft artillery units. With the Corps' new mission of antiaircraft artillery, it turned its attention toward recruiting and training for its federal mission. No longer was the Corps an exclusive social organization. Intelligent, educated young men were invited to join. Unlike other National Guard units however, prospective recruits had to be sponsored by a current member and were interviewed by a special committee before final acceptance in the Corps. Not all applicants were accepted. Drill pay was turned in to the unit fund to support the Armory and the many social, athletic and ceremonial activities of the Corps.

The Corps reorganized its regimental band, which played at the monthly dances. Drill and ceremonies were still an important part of the Corps' activities. A regimental parade was held every month and the Corps was reviewed by the governor on the Common each year. The only dress uniform was the Army issue Class A olive drab uniform with a choke collar, later changed to a roll collar with tie. In April 1929 the Corps returned to its prewar full dress uniform; however, only enough uniforms for the band, regimental color guard and a 100-man marching unit could be purchased due to the expense.

Drills were held once a week. Annual training was 15 days; initially summer camps were held at coast artillery installations such as Fort Wright and Fort Terry, then at Camp Edmands, Hingham and Camp Edwards. Massachusetts. The Corps was noted for its esprit de corps and spit and polish. The Corps' drill team competed in national drill competitions in full dress uniform. Athletics were very important and the Corps' teams attracted some of Boston's finest athletes. The 211th fielded baseball, football, track, pistol and rifle teams as well as a platoon of boxers. The biggest football game of the year was between the 211th and the 101st Engineers and was played at Harvard Stadium.

## World War II

The 211th went to three weeks of annual training at Plattsburgh Barracks, NY in the summer of 1940. There was a great deal of discussion that President Roosevelt had decided to mobilize the entire National Guard for one year of intensive training. The Corps was told that it would be one of the first units to mobilize. On 16 September the 211th Coast Artillery Regiment (AA), under the command of COL. Stuart G. Hall, entered federal service at the Armory of the First Corps of Cadets in Boston.

The 211th was organized with the 1st battalion as a gun battalion equipped with three-inch antiaircraft guns while Battery A was the searchlight battery. The 2nd Battalion was equipped with .50 caliber machineguns and 37-mm guns. Total assigned were 51 officers, one warrant officer, and 1,280 enlisted men.

The Corps left Boston for Camp Edwards on 19 September. While at Camp Edwards, the 211th slept in tents, as contractors were busy building hundreds of new barracks. The Corps' stay was only temporary and in late October the regiment changed station to Camp Hulen, Texas, which became one of the Army's primary antiaircraft artillery training centers.

With the Corps in federal service, the Veteran Association organized a State Guard unit for state service. The First Motor Squadron began organizing in October 1940 and was accepted as a unit of the Massachusetts State Guard in February 1941. Unit personnel drilled on a weekly basis and attended annual training each summer. The First Motor Squadron was ordered into active state service several times during the war and was inactivated in October 1946.

The 211th was alerted for overseas movement to the Pacific in the fall of 1941. However, the bombing of Pearl Harbor resulted in the cancellation of the 211th's movement orders to the Pacific; instead the regiment received orders to immediately move to San Francisco which was changed to Vallejo, California. The 211th left Camp Hulen on 9–10 December by train and arrived in Vallejo on the 14th.

Under threat of a possible Japanese air attack, the 211th occupied hastily built battery positions to provide 24-hour air defense for Mare Island Naval Shipyard and Hamilton Field. In June 1942 the 1st Battalion was issued 90mm guns. A new 3rd Battalion was activated to provide searchlight support. The Corps' strength was over 1,500 men.

Because the 211th was performing an important stateside mission, it was destined to remain in the U.S. during World War II. In August 1943, the regiment was reorganized to consist of Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 211th Antiaircraft Artillery Group; the 1st Battalion was redesignated as the 772nd Antiaircraft Artillery Gun Battalion; the 2rd Battalion was redesignated as the 747th Antiaircraft Artillery Automatic Weapons Battalion; the 3rd Battalion, was redesignated as the 324th Antiaircraft Artillery Searchlight Battalion; and the regimental band was redesignated as the 491st Army Service Forces Band.

By this time in the war, hundreds of Cadets had either been commissioned after attending Officer Candidate School or had been reassigned as cadre for new antiaircraft battalions. The First Corps of Cadets lived up to its name by providing the leadership for new wartime units. Former Cadets served in every theater of the war.

The 21lth Group and the 772nd and 747th Battalions continued to defend vital installations and provide replacements for overseas service. On a sad note, COL Hall, who had commanded the Corps since 1937 and the 211th Group, died in a plane crash in May 1944. The 211th and its elements were deactivated in 1944 and 1945. The 324th served in Alaska and was deactivated in 1944.

## Loss and return to its roots

The Corps was quick to reorganize after its World War II service; in order to keep its identity and history, it decided to organize as a separate battalion. Massachusetts was allotted a separate cavalry squadron and the Corps reorganized as the 211th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron and was federally recognized on 7 November 1946. In January 1949, the designation changed again. The 26th Infantry Division was short its organic tank battalion, so the Corps was reorganized and redesignated as the 126th Tank Battalion. During the next 47 years, the Corps would have to be redesignated and converted to another branch in order to remain in the National Guard force structure.

In another major reorganization of the Massachusetts National Guard, in 1959 the Corps reorganized as the 1st Battle Group (later the 1st Battalion), 220th Infantry. After 59 years, the Corps returned to its traditional infantry mission but could not reclaim its traditional federal number of 211 since the 211th Infantry was assigned to the Florida National Guard. With the 1959 reorganization, only Headquarters Company and Company A were left in the Cadet Armory; B was in Newton; C and D were in Waltham and E and Support were in Cambridge.

In 1964, Headquarters Company, 1st Battalion, 220th Infantry, the only remaining element of the Corps in the Cadet Armory, moved to Cambridge. The Veteran Association was forced to sell the Armory. This was a serious blow that had a major negative effect on the Corps; the Cadet Armory with its museum and displays was a showcase of the history and traditions of the First Corps of Cadets.

The Veteran Association purchased a townhouse at 227 Commonwealth Avenue in Boston and moved the museum there. However, despite the 220th Infantry located in Cambridge and Somerville, the physical separation from the museum and the veterans resulted in no loss of regimental pride, identity and esprit. However, in April 1975, after the end of the war in Vietnam and as part of the Army's general reorganization, the 220th Infantry was deemed no longer needed and its elements were broken up and most of its men became proud members of the 182nd Infantry and remained part of the 26th Yankee Division.

At the last minute, officials of the Adjutant General's Office realized that they had to save the lineage of the First Corps of Cadets. With the concurrence of the Army's Chief of Military History the state consolidated elements of the 220th Infantry with the 126th Signal Battalion. The 126th had been organized in 1959 from existing Artillery units.

While the intent to save the history of the First Corps of Cadets was admirable the shotgun marriage with the 126th Signal Battalion was not initially happy. It was not until the late 1980s that the battalion began wearing the historic Corps insignia and began to take part in the traditional activities of the Corps.

In 1991 the 126th Signal Battalion was identified as being excess to the needs of the Army when the Army decided to deactivate the 26th Infantry Division. While the Yankee Division deactivated in September 1993, the 126th Signal Battalion managed to hang on until 1996. From 1993 to 1996 the VAFCC worked with the Adjutant General to insure that there would be a place for the Corps in the new force structure of the Massachusetts National Guard.

After serving as infantry, engineers, antiaircraft artillery, cavalry, armor, infantry again and signals the Corps became a battalion of military police. In early 1996, it was decided that the 126th Signal Battalion would consolidate with the Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, 685th Military Police Battalion in Newton. The new organization became Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, 211th Military Police Battalion (First Corps of Cadets). The Corps' traditional federal number 211 was restored on 26 July 1996, and a formal military parade was held on the Newton Town Green. Lieutenant Colonel Richard Spicer was presented with the colors of the 211th along with the Bowdoin sword signifying his assumption of command of the First Corps of Cadets.

The 211th's new mission as a military police battalion in command and control of the 747th, 772nd, and 972nd Military Police Companies retain the esprit, history and tradition of the First Corps of Cadets. The men and women of the 211th Military Police Battalion proudly wear the Corps' distinctive unit insignia inscribed with the motto Monstrat Viam "It Points the Way."

## Activation to federal duty in the War on Terrorism

On 11 September 2001 after the attack on the World Trade Center in New York City members of the 211th MP Battalion, the Active Unit of the First Corps of Cadets, reported to their respective armories without waiting for formal notification from the governor of the state of Massachusetts or a formal state of emergency being declared by federal authorities. Within hours the unit was activated to state duty to provide security at Logan International Airport.

Currently elements of the 211th MP Battalion are on active duty serving overseas, and in various stateside locations.

The 211th's new mission as a military police battalion in command and control of the 747th, 772nd, 972nd and other Military Police Companies retain the esprit, history and tradition of the First Corps of Cadets. The men and women of the 211th Military Police Battalion proudly wear the Corps' distinctive unit insignia inscribed with the motto Monstrat Viam "It Points the Way."

## Heraldry

The heraldic items approved for the 211th Military Police Battalion (First Corps of Cadets) consists of a coat of arms and a distinctive unit insignia.

**Coat of arms** The coat of arms consists of a blue shield which represents the infantry origin of the Corps, a yellow botonny cross which represents the Civil War service of the 45th Massachusetts Infantry as part of the XVIII Corps in the upper left is the six-pointed star insignia of the Corps, the pine tree signifies service in the Revolutionary War, the red and white stripe signifies the service of the Corps in World War I as the 101st Engineers. The coat of arms was approved by the War Department on 19 October 1922.

For its distinctive unit insignia the Corps adopted an insignia that it had been using on its colors, buttons and belt buckles since 1786 and possibly earlier. The insignia is a variation of that worn by the Coldstream Guards of the British Army. It is based on the star of the Order of the Garter, which King William III authorized for use on the colors of the Coldstream Guards in 1696. The Corps' insignia is a red cross on a yellow disc, with a blue garter belt bearing the motto and date Monstrat Viam 1741 resting on a gold six-pointed star.

Why the First Corps of Cadets adopted this insignia is open to speculation. One theory is that since the Cadets served as the bodyguard to the royal governor of Massachusetts, it guarded the king's personal representative, and was, in effect, the household guard of Massachusetts. The Cadets wore a uniform similar to that worn by the Coldstream Guards and then adopted the insignia from the Guards' colors as their own.

The First Corps of Cadets' first distinctive unit insignia, based on its coat of arms, was approved for the 211th Coast Artillery in 1923 and was worn until 1944. It was one of the few units in the Army to have its designation on a scroll around the insignia "Two Hundred Eleventh First Corps Cadets Mass. N.G. Artillery." When the Corps was redesignated as cavalry, it was no longer appropriate to wear this insignia. Lieutenant Colonel Richard C. Storey, the commander in 1948, requested Department of the Army approval for the Cadets to wear its traditional insignia as its distinctive unit insignia. Someone in the unit designed the insignia and had a sample made. The Army approved it in 1950. As the 126th Tank Battalion, the Cadets began wearing the insignia on its uniforms the same year.

## Colors

The colors of the 211th Military Police Battalion Corps are of a standard issue Military Police battalion color, which is green with yellow fringe. In the body of the eagle is the coat of arms below which is the motto Monstrat Viam. Above the eagle is the crest of the Massachusetts National Guard, which is the arm of Myles Standish holding a sword.

The colors are currently authorized 21 campaign streamers for service in the Revolutionary War, Civil War, and World Wars I and II. Also authorized is the Philippine Presidential Unit Citation streamer. For parades, the 211th also carries a color consisting of its distinctive insignia on a white field.

## History of the 772nd Military Police Company

**Cohannet Train Band** Organized in 1638 as the Cohannet Train Band, Plymouth Colony Militia, the 772nd Military Police Company is the oldest company-sized unit in the Army National Guard. In 1639 when Taunton was incorporated, the unit became the Taunton Train Band. This was the first of many redesignations in the 772nd's history.

**Company history** The company was assigned to the Plymouth Regiment in 1658 and later, in 1685 when Bristol County was incorporated, to the Bristol County Regiment. In 1736 it was assigned to the 3rd Regiment, Bristol County Brigade, Plymouth Colony Militia.

The company responded to the alarm for Lexington and Concord on 19 April 1775 they did not see any fighting but probably took part in the siege of Boston. The Taunton militia took part in two campaigns against the British; in New York in 1776 and in Rhode Island in 1777.

As Captain Reed's Company, the unit was in federal service in September 1814 as a guard against British attack during the War of 1812. By 1831, the company had changed from obligatory service under federal and state militia laws to volunteer service as a light infantry company. For the first time, unit personnel were fully armed, equipped, uniformed and drilled on a regular basis whereas before individual militiamen provided their own weapons and equipment. In 1842 the company became Company C, 2nd Battalion of Light Infantry and in 1855 it became Company C, 4th Regiment. The 772nd Military Police Company is one of only nineteen Army National Guard units with campaign credit for the War of 1812.

The 4th was called into federal service twice during the Civil War; for three months in 1861, fighting in the Battle of Big Bethel, Va.; and for nine months from Sept. 1862 to August 1863, taking part in the Siege of Port Hudson, La.

Reorganized after the war as Company F, 3rd Regiment, the unit was converted to coastal artillery in 1897. During World War I, the Taunton unit served as the 24th Company, Coast Defenses of Boston. In 1920 the unit converted to field artillery as Battery F, 101st Field Artillery.

The battery was ordered into federal service in January 1941 when the 26th Infantry Division began intensive training prior to World War II at Camp Edwards. Redesignated again as Battery C, 212th Armored Field Artillery Battalion, the Taunton unit, as part of the 6th Armored Division, fought in Europe. It took part in campaigns in France, Belgium and Germany as part of General Patton's Third Army.

The battery reorganized in 1947 and was redesignated in 1955 as Battery B, 126th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion and in 1959 as Battery B, 2nd Battalion, 211th Artillery. It rejoined the 101st Field Artillery in 1963.

In December 1967 the unit received its current designation as the 772nd Military Police Company. It also consolidated with the Attleboro unit which as, Company I, 101st Infantry, was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation for gallantry in action at Lorraine, France.

In April 1975 the 747th Military Police Company merged with the 772nd. The 747th brought to the 772nd a distinguished lineage being descendant from the Standish Guards of Plymouth, which were originally formed in 1818 and, possibly, descendant from the original militia company of Plymouth Colony commanded by Captain Miles Standish.

In 1990 the 772nd absorbed personnel from the 747th MP Company and HHD, 685th MP Battalion.

On 7 January 1991 the 772nd was ordered into federal service for duty in the Gulf War. It provided reconnaissance and security for main supply routes. The 772nd was released on 14 May 1991.

In 1995, the 772nd changed station to Brockton after being stationed in Taunton for 357 years. The current location of the 772nd Military Police Company has moved back to Taunton. In 2002 the 772nd Military Police Company was deployed in support of Operation Enduring Freedom in Bagram and Kabul Afghanistan providing base security. In 2009 the 772MP Co was deployed to Al Kut, Iraq, where they spent the year training the local police forces and assisted in Military operations. On 30 March 2010, the guard members of the 772nd responded to local flooding in Operation Rising Water. Also, the 772nd was responded to a statewide activation in response to Hurricane Earl on 3 September 2010. The 772nd was once again activated for Hurricane Sandy on 22 October 2012 and responded to the City of New York.

## History of the 972nd Military Police Company

The 972nd was originally organized in April 1917 as a battery of field artillery in Gloucester. The unit served as Battery A, 102d Field Artillery, 26th Division in World War I earning six campaign honors. Battery A entered federal service again in January 1941 prior to World War II.

During the war it was redesignated as Battery A, 211th Field Artillery Battalion, assigned to the 26th Division Artillery. The battery earned three campaign honors for action in France, Belgium and Germany.

In 1947 the battery was reorganized and in 1959 received its old designation back as Battery A, 2nd Battalion, 1O2nd Artillery. In 1974 the unit changed station to Lexington. In April 1975 the unit received its present designation, 972nd MP Company, when it converted to military police. The 972nd moved to Newton in 1980.

The 972nd entered federal service in November 1990 for duty in the Gulf War. For its service, it was awarded the Meritorious Unit Commendation and three campaign honors. The 972nd was released in May 1991. In October 1994, the 972nd changed station to Melrose, but later moved to Reading.

Since 9/11, the 972nd has been called upon for federal service in support of the War on Terrorism in the Middle East including a deployment to Qatar in 2012. The unit also supports Massachusetts State Police during state activations, such as the Boston Marathon.

## History of the 747th Military Police Company

The 747th is the newest element of the 211th. It was constituted in 1995 in Southbridge and federally recognized in 1997.

The company has deployed three times since 2001. In 2003 it was deployed to Afghanistan for Operation Enduring Freedom. In 2009 the company was deployed for the Iraq War. The 747th was in charge of Police Transition Teams across Al Anbar Governorate with Squads Training and Mentoring District Leaders in Fallujah, Anah, Al Qiam, Rutbah, Hit, Haditha, Rawah, and Haqqlaniya. In 2014 the 747th deployed to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. The 747th conducted detainee operations.

* Leonid Kondratiuk, Monstrat Viam: A History of the 211th Military Police Battalion (First Corps of Cadets). Washington, Historical Services Branch, National Guard Bureau, April 1997, 10pp. (Revised and corrected October 2009 for publication here by C. Brown, First Corps of Cadets Museum Boston)

## Further reading

* Antenucci, Ripmand and Zumwalt, Armory of the First Corps of Cadets 1887–1973 at the corner of Arlington Street and Columbus Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts. Cambridge, McAdams, 1973. 40pp. illus. (Military Historical Society of Massachusetts Paper No.15/ First Corps of Cadets Museum Notes No. 2)
* C.W.C. Brown, ed. A History of the First Corps of Cadets, Boston. New York, Visio, 1979. \[10\] pp. illus. (First Corps of Cadets Museum Notes No.3/ Military Historical Association of Massachusetts Paper No. 16)

## InfoBox

| 211th Military Police Battalion | |
| --- | --- |
| Coat of arms | |
| Active | 1741 – Present |
| Country | Great Britain (1741–1776)<br>United States (1776–Present) |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Branch | Military Police Corps |
| Type | Military Police |
| Size | Battalion |
| Nickname(s) | First Corps of Cadets (Special Designation) |
| Motto(s) | "It Points the Way" |
| Engagements | World War II<br>Afghanistan<br>Iraq |


title: 1988 Benson & Hedges Cup

abstract: The 1988 Benson & Hedges Cup was the seventeenth edition of cricket's Benson & Hedges Cup. The competition was won by Hampshire County Cricket Club.

text:
# 1988 Benson & Hedges Cup

The **1988 Benson & Hedges Cup** was the seventeenth edition of cricket's Benson & Hedges Cup.

The competition was won by Hampshire County Cricket Club.

## Fixtures and results

### Group stage

#### Group A

| Team | Pld | W | L | NR | A | Pts | Rp100 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Derbyshire | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 64.891 |
| Warwickshire | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 74.015 |
| Leicestershire | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 60.101 |
| Lancashire | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 68.258 |
| Scotland | 4 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 50.101 |

#### Group B

| Team | Pld | W | L | NR | A | Pts | Rp100 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Worcestershire | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 68.788 |
| Nottinghamshire | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 65.366 |
| Northamptonshire | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 56.465 |
| Yorkshire | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 63.462 |
| Minor Counties | 4 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 50.202 |

#### Group C

| Team | Pld | W | L | NR | A | Pts | Rp100 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Essex | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 72.154 |
| Middlesex | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 70.016 |
| Kent | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 73.536 |
| Sussex | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 60.909 |
| Surrey | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 58.900 |

#### Group D

| Team | Pld | W | L | NR | A | Pts | Rp100 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Glamorgan | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 63.368 |
| Hampshire | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 62.613 |
| Gloucestershire | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 61.020 |
| Somerset | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 67.476 |
| Combined Universities | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51.942 |

### Quarter-finals

* Reserve day used. Derbyshire were 33/0 at the close of the first day's play
* Reserve day used. No play first day
* Two reserve days used. No play first day. Worcestershire were 111/5 at the close of the second day's play.

### Semi-finals

* Reserve day used. Hampshire were 192/1 at the close of the first day's play
* Two reserve days used. Glamorgan were 130/5 at the close of the first day's play. No play on the first reserve day.

### Final

Benson & Hedges Cup

## InfoBox

1988 Benson & Hedges Cup
| Administrator(s) | Test and County Cricket Board |
| --- | --- |
| Cricket format | Limited overs cricket(55 overs per innings) |
| Champions | Hampshire (1st title) |
| Participants | 20 |
| Matches | 47 |
| Most runs | **398** Graham Gooch (Essex) |
| Most wickets | **18** Stephen Jefferies (Hampshire) |
|


abstract: The women's 200 metre freestyle event at the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on 21 August at the Gold Coast Aquatic Centre in Gold Coast, Australia.

text:
# 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 200 metre freestyle

The **women's 200 metre freestyle** event at the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on 21 August at the Gold Coast Aquatic Centre in Gold Coast, Australia.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and championship records were:

| World record | Federica Pellegrini (ITA) | **1:52.98** | Rome, Italy | 29 July 2009 |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Competition record | Allison Schmitt (USA) | **1:56.10** | Irvine, California, United States | 18 August 2010 |

The following records were established during the competition:

| Date | Event | Name | Nationality | Time | Record |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 21 August | B Final | Missy Franklin | United States | 1:56.04 | CR |
| 21 August | A Final | Katie Ledecky | United States | 1:55.74 | CR |

## Results

### Heats

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | 4 | Katie Ledecky | United States | 1:56.45 | **QA** |
| 2 | 5 | 3 | Melanie Schlanger | Australia | 1:57.16 | **QA** |
| 3 | 4 | 5 | Shannon Vreeland | United States | 1:57.40 | **QA** |
| 4 | 5 | 4 | Missy Franklin | United States | 1:57.63 | **QB** |
| 5 | 5 | 5 | Bronte Barratt | Australia | 1:57.65 | **QA** |
| 6 | 3 | 4 | Emma McKeon | Australia | 1:57.87 | **QB** |
| 7 | 4 | 3 | Leah Smith | United States | 1:58.20 |  |
| 8 | 3 | 5 | Brittany Elmslie | Australia | 1:58.35 |  |
| 9 | 4 | 2 | Elizabeth Beisel | United States | 1:58.66 |  |
| 10 | 3 | 6 | Simone Manuel | United States | 1:58.77 |  |
| 11 | 3 | 3 | Samantha Cheverton | Canada | 1:58.80 | **QA** |
| 12 | 5 | 7 | Sishi Zhang | China | 1:59.45 | **QA** |
| 13 | 3 | 2 | Melanie Margalis | United States | 1:59.60 |  |
| 14 | 5 | 6 | Chihiro Igarashi | Japan | 1:59.96 | **QA** |
| 15 | 3 | 1 | Yasuko Miyamoto | Japan | 2:00.17 | **QA** |
| 16 | 5 | 1 | Alyson Ackman | Canada | 2:00.43 | **QB** |
| 17 | 4 | 6 | Samantha Lucie-Smith | New Zealand | 2:00.52 | **QB** |
| 18 | 2 | 7 | Camille Cheng | Hong Kong | 2:00.66 | **QB** |
| 19 | 5 | 8 | Aya Takano | Japan | 2:00.93 | **QB** |
| 20 | 2 | 6 | Misaki Yamaguchi | Japan | 2:01.02 |  |
| 21 | 3 | 7 | Yayoi Matsumoto | Japan | 2:02.04 |  |
| 22 | 5 | 2 | Kanako Watanabe | Japan | 2:02.13 |  |
| 23 | 2 | 1 | Rika Omoyo | Japan | 2:02.60 |  |
| 24 | 2 | 5 | Tabitha Baumann | Canada | 2:02.79 | **QB** |
| 25 | 2 | 2 | Sze Hang Yu | Hong Kong | 2:02.93 | **QB** |
| 26 | 2 | 4 | Wang Shijia | China | 2:03.05 |  |
| 27 | 4 | 8 | Jessica Ashwood | Australia | 2:03.09 |  |
| 28 | 2 | 3 | Miki Uchida | Japan | 2:03.60 |  |
| 29 | 4 | 7 | Liu Yiru | China | 2:03.80 |  |
| 30 | 4 | 1 | Emma Robinson | New Zealand | 2:04.51 |  |
| 31 | 3 | 8 | Zhou Min | China | 2:05.69 |  |
| 32 | 1 | 4 | Chan Kin Lok | Hong Kong | 2:08.38 |  |
| 33 | 1 | 5 | Heather Cheng | Hong Kong | 2:11.10 |  |
|  | 1 | 3 | Marce Loubser | South Africa |  | DNS |

### B Final

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9 | 4 | Missy Franklin | United States | 1:56.04 | **CR** |
| 10 | 5 | Emma McKeon | Australia | 1:57.21 |  |
| 11 | 2 | Camille Cheng | Hong Kong | 1:58.99 |  |
| 12 | 3 | Alyson Ackman | Canada | 1:59.25 |  |
| 13 | 6 | Samantha Lucie-Smith | New Zealand | 2:00.75 |  |
| 14 | 7 | Aya Takano | Japan | 2:00.90 |  |
| 15 | 8 | Sze Hang Yu | Hong Kong | 2:02.65 |  |
| 16 | 1 | Tabitha Baumann | Canada | 2:03.25 |  |

### A Final

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 4 | Katie Ledecky | United States | 1:55.74 | **CR** |
|  | 6 | Bronte Barratt | Australia | 1:57.22 |  |
|  | 3 | Shannon Vreeland | United States | 1:57.38 |  |
| 4 | 5 | Melanie Schlanger | Australia | 1:57.39 |  |
| 5 | 2 | Samantha Cheverton | Canada | 1:58.96 |  |
| 6 | 1 | Chihiro Igarashi | Japan | 1:59.08 |  |
| 7 | 7 | Sishi Zhang | China | 1:59.29 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Yasuko Miyamoto | Japan | 1:59.94 |  |

## InfoBox

| Women's 200 metre freestyle <br>at the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Gold Coast Aquatic Centre |
| Dates | 21 August 2014 (2014-08-21) |
| Competitors | 34 from 8 nations |
| Winning time | 1:55.74 **CR** |
| Medalists | |
| United States  Australia  United States | |
|


title: Feller-continuous process

abstract: In mathematics, a Feller-continuous process is a continuous-time stochastic process for which the expected value of suitable statistics of the process at a given time in the future depend continuously on the initial condition of the process. The concept is named after Croatian-American mathematician William Feller.

text:
# Feller-continuous process

In mathematics, a **Feller-continuous process** is a continuous-time stochastic process for which the expected value of suitable statistics of the process at a given time in the future depend continuously on the initial condition of the process. The concept is named after Croatian-American mathematician William Feller.

## Definition

Let *X* : \[0, +∞) × Ω  **R***n*, defined on a probability space (Ω, Σ, **P**), be a stochastic process. For a point *x*  **R***n*, let **P***x* denote the law of *X* given initial value *X*0 = *x*, and let **E***x* denote expectation with respect to **P***x*. Then *X* is said to be a **Feller-continuous process** if, for any fixed *t*  0 and any bounded, continuous and Σ-measurable function *g* : **R***n*  **R**, **E***x*\[*g*(*X**t*)\] depends continuously upon *x*.

## Examples

* Every process *X* whose paths are almost surely constant for all time is a Feller-continuous process, since then **E***x*\[*g*(*X**t*)\] is simply *g*(*x*), which, by hypothesis, depends continuously upon *x*.
* Every Itô diffusion with Lipschitz-continuous drift and diffusion coefficients is a Feller-continuous process.

* Øksendal, Bernt K. (2003). *Stochastic Differential Equations: An Introduction with Applications* (Sixth ed.). Berlin: Springer. ISBN 3-540-04758-1. (See Lemma 8.1.4)


title: Eugene Mayer

abstract: Eugene Noble "Buck" Mayer was an American football player. He played college football at the halfback position for the University of Virginia Cavaliers football team from 1912 to 1915. In 1915, he became the first football player from a Southern school to be recognized as a consensus first-team All-American. Mayer died during World War I while serving in the United States Army. He was posthumously inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame in 1980.

text:
# Eugene Mayer

**Eugene Noble "Buck" Mayer** (February 14, 1892  October 21, 1918) was an American football player. He played college football at the halfback position for the University of Virginia Cavaliers football team from 1912 to 1915. In 1915, he became the first football player from a Southern school to be recognized as a consensus first-team All-American. Mayer died during World War I while serving in the United States Army. He was posthumously inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame in 1980.

## Early years

Mayer was born in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1892. His father, Eugene L. Mayer, was a Virginia native who worked in the mill supplies business and later as a merchant in the hardware business. Mayer had three brothers and four sisters.

## University of Virginia

### Football

Mayer attended the University of Virginia from 1911 to 1916. While there, he played at the halfback position for the Virginia Cavaliers football team from 1912 to 1915. He won a spot in the starting lineup and impressed sports writers in 1912.

After indicating that he may not return to the University of Virginia in 1913, he was persuaded to do so in September 1913. Mayer and Bob McWhorter were deemed "the class of the backfield men of the south" during the 1913 season.

In 1914, Mayer was one of the leading scorers in the country with 121 points scored (19 touchdowns and five extra points) and led the team to an 8–1 record with its only loss coming to Yale. On October 24, 1914, scored 26 points (four touchdowns and two extra points) in Virginia's 28–0 victory over Georgia. At the end of the 1914 season, he was named to the All-Southern team by Dick Jemison and W. A. Lambeth.

In 1915, Mayer led Virginia to an 8–1 record, was one of the country's leading scorers with 105 points, and was selected as a first-team All-American by International News Service sports editor Frank G. Menke and Eastern football expert Parke H. Davis. He was the first player from a Southern school to be a consensus first-team All-American. On October 9, 1915, he scored a school record 37 points five touchdowns and seven extra points in a 74–0 win over Richmond. At the end of the 1915 season, *The Washington Herald* wrote:

> Mayer is one of the greatest half backs the South has produced in years, and is universally recognized as such. He scored more touchdowns last year than any other player in the East and the second in the entire United States. His present season was not as rich in scoring as the preceding \[*sic*\] one by some touchdowns, but in it he scored thirteen.

During Mayer's four years as a member, the football team compiled a record of 29–6. He set school records for most points scored in a game (36), most touchdowns in a season (21 in 1914), most career touchdowns (48), and career points scored (312).

### Track and field

Mayer was also a member of the Virginia track and field team. He threw the 16-pound shot put 42 feet, 3 inches, ran the 100-yard dash in 10.1 seconds, and had a career best of 22 feet, 9 inches in the broad jump.

In addition to athletics, Mayer was an excellent student who earned a Rhodes scholarship. He graduated from the University of Virginia in 1916 with a law degree.

## Family and later years

Mayer was married at Charleston, West Virginia, in March 1916 to Agnes Elizabeth Chilton (18961974). After receiving his bachelor of laws degree that year, Mayer began practicing law in Charleston.

During World War I, Mayer served as either a private in the quartermaster's corps and/or in a machine gun company in the United States Army. In October 1918, he died at age 26 at Camp Joseph E. Johnston in Jacksonville, Florida, a victim of the 1918 flu pandemic. He was survived by his wife and one child.

In 1980, Mayer was posthumously inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame.

## InfoBox

Buck Mayer
| Mayer c. 1915 | |
| --- | --- |
| Virginia Cavaliers | |
| Position | Halfback |
| Class | Graduate |
| Major | Law |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1892-02-14)February 14, 1892
Norfolk, Virginia, US |
| Died: | October 21, 1918(1918-10-21) (aged 26)
Jacksonville, Florida, US |
| Weight | 172 lb (78 kg) |
| Career history | |
| College | Virginia (19121915) |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |


title: Barton's Candy Corporation

abstract: Barton's Candy Corporation, was a Chocolatier and candy company founded in 1940 by Stephen Klein and his five brothers a year after they arrived in the United States from Austria. Its original name was Barton's Bonbonnieres, and as of 1960 operated 3,000 stores across America. Few of their stores were in "specifically Jewish neighborhoods." All of their stores were closed on Saturday. In 1981 a controlling share of Barton's was acquired by another firm. In 2011, the entire company was purchased by Bazzini, an 1886-founded nut, fruit and chocolate company; a 2022 Jerusalem Post item wrote of "the now gone Barton's confectioners."

text:
# Barton's Candy Corporation

**Barton's Candy Corporation**, was a Chocolatier and candy company founded in 1940 by Stephen Klein and his five brothers a year after they arrived in the United States from Austria. Its original name was Barton's Bonbonnieres, and as of 1960 operated 3,000 stores across America.

Few of their stores were in "specifically Jewish neighborhoods." All of their stores were closed on Saturday (Shomer Shabbos). In 1981 a controlling share of *Barton's* was acquired by another firm.

In 2011, the entire company was purchased by Bazzini, an 1886-founded nut, fruit and chocolate company; a 2022 Jerusalem Post item wrote of "the now gone Barton's confectioners."

## Centuries

*The Jewish Chronicle* newspaper wrote about Barton's in 2021 and added that "Jewish entrepreneurs had been involved in the chocolate trade for centuries." Klein's family developed some of its expertise in an Austrian company named Altmann & Kühne, much of which relocated from pre-World War II Europe to the United States. By 1952 they had seven stores in Detroit.

Part of the company's 1950s and 1960s growth was due to competitions in Jewish schools among classes, competing for prizes for selling the most Barton's products. "Generations of Jewish children sold Barton's candies as fundraisers," which was in part fueled by Klein's involvement with "philanthropic activities ... promoting Orthodox Jewish education."

It also helped that Barton's refused to water down the "mouth feel of chocolate" even as other companies were incorporating the use of synthetic ingredients in their products.

## Promotional Book of Esther scroll

A cylinder containing a 4.5 inch scroll 1953-copyrighted Megillas Esther was distributed "throughout the 1950s and 60s with the same copyright date" with the container saying:

* Book of Esther in English, *Megilas Esther* in Hebrew
* Happy Purim
* Barton’s Bonbonnieres. The top of the cylinder had the words "Famous for Continental Chocolate."

## Recall

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) praised the company's quick reaction in recalling about 4,000 two pound tins of fruitcakes when "a few samples" were found to have a problem; "most Barton's fruitcakes on the market were not contaminated."

## Kashrut

While all Barton's products are kosher, not all of them are kosher for passover: some of them have flour ingredients. The Orthodox Union certification covers chocolate and candy items that are Pareve and dairy chocolate; they also supervise kosher-for-passover offerings. A 2-part article noted that "even its Easter chocolates were kosher for Passover."

*The Atlantic* magazine wrote in 2009 that Barton's initially "rejected OU certification" but yielded when faced with competition from Barricini.

## Corporation

Former 2-term Congressman Herbert Tenzer was instrumental in helping the former Barton's Bonbonnieres expand, and served as chairman of the board of directors for two decades. Founder Stephen Klein's son George Klein became President/CEO in 1972.

The company founders' real estate interests and community involvement led to the company's pair of large buildings benefitting the City of New York's attempts to "emancipate Brooklyn from its commercial bondage to Manhattan."


title: Fairmont The Norfolk Hotel

abstract: The Fairmont Norfolk is a historic hotel in Nairobi, Kenya, and is managed by the luxury hotel chain Fairmont Hotels and Resorts. The hotel has 170 rooms and three restaurants, and consists of five main blocks, each ranging from 1 to 2 stories high. The hotel has a signature Tudor style of architecture that has been maintained since its original construction.

text:
# Fairmont The Norfolk Hotel

1°16′42″S 36°48′57″E / 1.278295°S 36.815795°E / -1.278295; 36.815795

The **Fairmont Norfolk** is a historic hotel in Nairobi, Kenya, and is managed by the luxury hotel chain Fairmont Hotels and Resorts. The hotel has 170 rooms and three restaurants, and consists of five main blocks, each ranging from 1 to 2 stories high. The hotel has a signature Tudor style of architecture that has been maintained since its original construction.

## History

The hotel was built by Maj. C.G.R. Ringer and R. Aylmer Winearls, and opened its doors on December 25, 1904, to early settlers seeking refuge from the harsh conditions of Kenya. The hotel advertised itself as being the only stone built and tiled roofed hotel in East Africa, sporting 40 rooms, a billiard room, and French chef. The hotel was the basecamp of early African explorers who ventured to Masai Mara, Kenya's Coast, and the Great Rift Valley. The hotel also served as a centre for famous hunters.

Maj.-Gen. Robert Baden Powell stayed here in Feb. 1906.

In 1909, Theodore Roosevelt stayed at the Norfolk before and after his famous safari, following his retirement as the 26th President of the United States. Other guests in 1909 included Lord Cardross and Cherry Kearton.

Thirty extra rooms were added in 1913, including an arched front entrance and veranda with balcony.

Bror von Blixen-Finecke used the hotel as a base.

In 1923, the hotel was purchased by W.H.E. Edgley. Then in 1927, the hotel was bought by Abraham Block, which contributed to the foundation of the Block Hotel dynasty with the Norfolk as the base.

The East African Professional Hunter's Association was founded at a meeting at the hotel in 1934.

Alan Moorehead stayed at the hotel in 1958 while researching his Nile books.

The hotel was expanded to 170 rooms in 1972.

The famed museum piece “transportation trio” made its home at the Norfolk in 1973, combining hand-drawn, animal-drawn, and machine propelled transportation mechanisms, including a Ford Model A Roadster which is still on the property to this day.

On December 23, 1980, a man named Muradi Akaali booked a room at the property. Keeping to his room for the duration of his stay, he set up a bomb in his hotel room that he evacuated prior to the explosion, which went at 8:30pm the night of December 31. The bomb exploded, where many people died and destroyed the whole western wing of the property. The hotel's New Year's Eve celebration was scheduled to occur three hours after the explosion occurred.

The building was remodeled following the bombing and by 1981, the western wing had risen to the 1st floor and the roof had been retiled as well as the addition of a new restaurant, a ballroom, and 2 function rooms, by 1982. The hotel was featured in the 1985 movie “Out of Africa” starring Meryl Streep and Robert Redford. In 1989, the hotel came under the ownership of Tiny Rowland and became a part of the Signet Hotel Empire. Renovations during this time brought the number of hotel rooms up to 167, an improved reception, Ibis Restaurant, and Pioneer Room, as well as a new business center and gift shop.

In 2004, the hotel was acquired by Kingdom Hotel Investments and placed under management by Fairmont Hotels and Resorts. In 2020 the hotel was sold to Nepalese investment company Chaudhary, just before the Covid-19 pandemic hit the country.

## Famous guests

Since its opening, the hotel has seen numerous notable guests including Walter Schirra, David Niven, Richard Burton, Walter Cronkite, Pelé, James Stewart, Michael Caine, Peter Ustinov, Carrie Fisher, Paul Simon, Jackie Stewart, Michael Landon, Sally Field, Mick Jagger, Robert Redford, James McDivitt, Kofi Annan, James Earl Jones, and Sarah, Duchess of York.

## Location

Fairmont Norfolk is located on Harry Thuku Road and sits on 4 acres of land. It has its own private tropical garden. The hotel is located near major Kenyan attractions including the National Museums of Kenya, Kenya National Theatre, French Cultural Center, German Cultural Center, Nairobi National Park, Giraffe Center, and the Karen Blixen & Sheldricks Elephant Orphanage.

## Amenities

The hotel offers five food and beverage outlets, including:

* Tatu: American steakhouse offering steak and seafood.
* Lord Delamere Terrace: Hotel restaurant featuring classic cuisine and cocktails
* Cin Cin Bar: Wine bar with international labels

The hotel also features a health & fitness center, heated outdoor swimming pool, business center with internet access, and gift shop.

## InfoBox

| Fairmont The Norfolk Hotel | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Harry Thuku Rd, Nairobi Kenya |
| Opening | 1904 |
| Management | Fairmont Hotels and Resorts |
| Other information | |
| Number of rooms | 170 |
| Number of restaurants | 4 |
| Website | |
| Fairmont Norfolk Hotel | |


title: Beatriz Susana Cougnet de Roederer

abstract: Beatriz Susana Cougnet de Roederer was a pioneer of Argentine physics, specializing in the field of cosmic radiation and high-speed physics.

text:
# Beatriz Susana Cougnet de Roederer

**Beatriz Susana Cougnet de Roederer** (16 September 1930 – 12 September 2022) was a pioneer of Argentine physics, specializing in the field of cosmic radiation and high-speed physics.

## Biography

Beatriz Cougnet was born in Lausanne, Switzerland, but her parents, Fausto and Susana, were both Argentine citizens so she was raised in Argentina since the age of one. She studied physics and mathematics at the University of Buenos Aires (UBA) and obtained her M.Sc. degree on 18 December 1952. When the Argentine Atomic Energy Commission was created, Cougnet was one of the first four researchers hired to work on high-energy fundamental particle physics.

Cougnet made important contributions to Argentine science and is considered a pioneer in her field of research, together with Estrella Mazzoli de Mathov, Juana M. Cardoso, Adulio Cichini, Horacio Ghielmetti, Emma V. Pérez Ferreira, Juan G. Roederer and Pedro Waloschek. She also served as thesis director for a local doctoral student researching nuclear reactions recorded at the Bevatron particle accelerator in Berkeley, California.

Cougnet conducted research on cosmic radiation at the Nuclear Plates Laboratory of the National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA) in Argentina, around 1950, laying the groundwork for the founding of the National Center for Cosmic Radiation (now called the Institute of Astronomy and Space Physics, IAFE) at the University of Buenos Aires in 1960. At the end of 1949, Cougnet went to Germany and visited the laboratory of Werner Heisenberg at the Max Planck Institute in Göttingen where she learned about the work with nuclear emulsions directed by Martin Teucher. In 1950–1951, Cougnet and Juan Roederer, still students, exposed nuclear plates with photographic emulsions at high altitudes in the Andes mountains of Argentina. In that way, they obtained the second reported detection of subatomic particles called *pi mesons,* or *pions*. In early 1953, Cougnet and Roederer undertook the last expedition to expose emulsions at higher geomagnetic latitudes, on the slopes of the Lanín volcano near Bariloche, Argentina.

In June 1966, the political landscape in Argentina turned dangerous because of the coup d'état, so she and Roederer emigrated to Colorado in the United States with their four children and three surviving parents.

In 1977, Roederer accepted the position of director of the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska, in Fairbanks, prompting Cougnet, Roederer and a few family members to move again. Later, after living in Alaska for 37 years, Cougnet and Roederer were asked by their children to move back to Colorado.

## Personal life

Beatriz was the wife of Juan G. Roederer, an Italian-born Argentine physicist, whom she met during her high school studies, and with whom she had four children: Ernesto, Irene, Silvia and Mario. After their third child was born in 1958, she left research and devoted herself to family care. She died in Boulder, Colorado at the age of 91 in 2022.

## InfoBox

| Beatriz Susana Cougnet de Roederer | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Beatriz Susana Cougnet
16 September 1930
Lausanne, Switzerland |
| Died | 12 September 2022(2022-09-12) (aged 91)
Boulder, Colorado, US |
| Alma mater | University of Buenos Aires |
| Occupation | Physicist |
| Known for | Cosmic radiation and high-speed physics |
| Spouse | Juan Gualterio Roederer |
| Children | 4 |


title: Balance (puzzle)

abstract:
A balance puzzle is a mathematical puzzle which challenges the solver to distribute a subset of numbers so that the several sides of a stylized diagram representing a balance scale are equal. The balance puzzle is a classical number puzzle in the World Puzzle Championship.
It consists of a mobile or tree structure, with designated positions where the player must hang specified weights, so that everything balances.
See examples below. There are usually 8 to 12 consecutive numbers (weights) to place, which makes it much smaller than, for example, sudoku. As in many mathematical puzzles, the solution is unique.
Expert puzzlers often prefer puzzles where the rules explicitly states that there is only one solution.
This property allows for some reasoning strategies.
It also makes generating puzzles a bit more difficult.

text:
# Balance (puzzle)

A **balance puzzle** is a mathematical puzzle which challenges the solver to distribute a subset of numbers so that the several sides of a stylized diagram representing a balance scale are equal. The balance puzzle is a classical number puzzle in the World Puzzle Championship. It consists of a mobile or tree structure, with designated positions where the player must hang specified weights, so that everything balances. See examples below.

There are usually 8 to 12 consecutive numbers (weights) to place, which makes it much smaller than, for example, sudoku.

As in many mathematical puzzles, the solution is unique. Expert puzzlers often prefer puzzles where the rules explicitly states that there is only one solution. This property allows for some reasoning strategies. It also makes generating puzzles a bit more difficult.

## Variants

* Balloon balance: same puzzle but with negatives weights also to be placed. example


title: 2014 Korean Tour

abstract: The 2014 Korean Tour was the 37th season on the Korean Tour, the main professional golf tour in South Korea since it was formed in 1978.

text:
# 2014 Korean Tour

The **2014 Korean Tour** was the 37th season on the Korean Tour, the main professional golf tour in South Korea since it was formed in 1978.

## Schedule

The following table lists official events during the 2014 season.

| Date | Tournament | Location | Purse
() | Winner | OWGR
points | Other
tours | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20 Apr | Dongbu Insurance Promy Open | Gangwon | 400,000,000 | Lee Dong-min (1) | 6 |  |  |
| 11 May | GS Caltex Maekyung Open | Gyeonggi | 1,000,000,000 | Park Jun-won (1) | 10 | ONE |  |
| 18 May | SK Telecom Open | Gyeonggi | 1,000,000,000 | Kim Seung-hyuk (1) | 10 | ONE |  |
| 25 May | Descente Korea Munsingwear Matchplay Championship | South Gyeongsang | 800,000,000 | Lee Ki-sang (2) | 8 |  |  |
| 1 Jun | Happiness Songhak Construction Open | Gyeonggi | 500,000,000 | Kim Woo-hyun (1) | 6 |  | New tournament |
| 15 Jun | Bosung CC Classic | South Jeolla | 300,000,000 | Kim Woo-hyun (2) | 6 |  |  |
| 29 Jun | Gunsan CC Open | North Jeolla | 300,000,000 | Joo Heung-chol (1) | 6 |  |  |
| 13 Jul | Yamaha Hankyung KPGA Championship | South Gyeongsang | 1,000,000,000 | Matthew Griffin (3) | 6 |  |  |
| 10 Aug | Maeil Dairies Open | South Chungcheong | 300,000,000 | Hwang Jung-gon (1) | 6 |  | New tournament |
| 24 Aug | Vainer Pineridge Open | Jeju | 500,000,000 | Park Sang-hyun (3) | 6 |  | New tournament |
| 12 Oct | KJ Choi Invitational | South Jeolla | 500,000,000 | Park Sang-hyun (4) | 7 |  |  |
| 26 Oct | Kolon Korea Open | South Chungcheong | 1,200,000,000 | Kim Seung-hyuk (2) | 12 | ONE |  |
| 2 Nov | Herald KYJ Tour Championship | Jeju | 300,000,000 | Lee Hyung-joon (1) | 7 |  |  |
| 9 Nov | Shinhan Donghae Open | Gyeonggi | 1,000,000,000 | Bae Sang-moon (9) | 8 |  |  |

## Order of Merit

The Order of Merit was titled as the **Ballantine's Points** and was based on tournament results during the season, calculated using a points-based system.

| Position | Player | Points |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Kim Seung-hyuk | 3,362 |
| 2 | Park Sang-hyun | 3,295 |
| 3 | Kim Woo-hyun | 2,700 |
| 4 | Park Jun-won | 2,230 |
| 5 | Park Il-hwan | 2,225 |

## Awards

| Award | Winner | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Player of the Year (Grand Prize Award) | Kim Seung-hyuk |  |
| Rookie of the Year (Myeong-chul Award) | Park Il-hwan |  |

1. "2014 Tournament schedule" (in Korean). KPGA. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
2. "2014 Points standings" (in Korean). KPGA. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
3. "발렌타인 2014 한국프로골프대상 시상식" \[Ballantine's 2014 Korea Professional Golf Awards Ceremony\] (in Korean). KPGA. 19 December 2014. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
4. "2014 Rookie of the Year" (in Korean). KPGA. Retrieved 9 January 2024.

## InfoBox

2014 Korean Tour season
| Duration | 17 April 2014 (2014-04-17) – 9 November 2014 (2014-11-09) |
| --- | --- |
| Number of official events | 14 |
| Most wins | Kim Seung-hyuk (2)
Kim Woo-hyun (2)
Park Sang-hyun (2) |
| Order of Merit | Kim Seung-hyuk |
| Player of the Year | Kim Seung-hyuk |
| Rookie of the Year | Park Il-hwan |
| 2013 2015 | |


title: Espino Amarillo

abstract: Espino Amarillo is a corregimiento in Macaracas District, Los Santos Province, Panama with a population of 193 as of 2010. Its population as of 1990 was 254; its population as of 2000 was 209.

text:
# Espino Amarillo

**Espino Amarillo** is a corregimiento in Macaracas District, Los Santos Province, Panama with a population of 193 as of 2010. Its population as of 1990 was 254; its population as of 2000 was 209.

7°41′00″N 80°26′00″W / 7.6833°N 80.4333°W / 7.6833; -80.4333

## InfoBox

| Espino Amarillo | |
| --- | --- |
| Corregimiento | |
| Country | Panama |
| Province | Los Santos |
| District | Macaracas |
| Area | |
| Land | 27 km2 (10 sq mi) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 193 |
| Density | 7.2/km2 (19/sq mi) |
|  | Population density calculated based on land area. |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (EST) |