title: Doctor Who series 6

abstract: The sixth series of British science fiction television programme Doctor Who was shown in two parts. The first seven episodes were broadcast from April to June 2011, beginning with "The Impossible Astronaut" and ending with mid-series finale "A Good Man Goes to War". The final six episodes aired from August to October, beginning with "Let's Kill Hitler" and ending with "The Wedding of River Song". The main series was preceded by "A Christmas Carol", the 2010 Christmas special. The series was led by head writer and executive producer Steven Moffat, alongside executive producers Beth Willis and Piers Wenger. Sanne Wohlenberg, Marcus Wilson, and Denise Paul served as producers. The series was the sixth to air following the programme's revival in 2005 after the classic era aired between 1963 and 1989, and is the thirty-second season overall. The series stars Matt Smith as the eleventh incarnation of the Doctor, an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in his TARDIS, a spacecraft whose exterior resembles a British police box. It also stars Karen Gillan and Arthur Darvill as his companions, newlyweds Amy Pond and Rory Williams. Alex Kingston also returns as River Song, a mysterious woman from the Doctor's future who is revealed throughout the series to be Amy and Rory's part-Time Lord daughter and the Doctor's wife. In addition to Song, the series continues story threads from the fifth series, most notably the Silence and the cause of the TARDIS exploding in "The Big Bang".

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# Doctor Who series 6

The sixth series of British science fiction television programme *Doctor Who* was shown in two parts. The first seven episodes were broadcast from April to June 2011, beginning with "The Impossible Astronaut" and ending with mid-series finale "A Good Man Goes to War". The final six episodes aired from August to October, beginning with "Let's Kill Hitler" and ending with "The Wedding of River Song". The main series was preceded by "A Christmas Carol", the 2010 Christmas special. The series was led by head writer and executive producer Steven Moffat, alongside executive producers Beth Willis and Piers Wenger. Sanne Wohlenberg, Marcus Wilson, and Denise Paul served as producers. The series was the sixth to air following the programme's revival in 2005 after the classic era aired between 1963 and 1989, and is the thirty-second season overall.

The series stars Matt Smith as the eleventh incarnation of the Doctor, an alien Time Lord who travels through time and space in his TARDIS, a spacecraft whose exterior resembles a British police box. It also stars Karen Gillan and Arthur Darvill as his companions, newlyweds Amy Pond and Rory Williams. Alex Kingston also returns as River Song, a mysterious woman from the Doctor's future who is revealed throughout the series to be Amy and Rory's part-Time Lord daughter and the Doctor's wife. In addition to Song, the series continues story threads from the fifth series, most notably the Silence and the cause of the TARDIS exploding in "The Big Bang".

## Episodes

This series was the first to include a mid-season broadcast break since Season 18, with twelve weeks between the transmissions of "A Good Man Goes to War" and "Let's Kill Hitler".

| No.
story | No. in
series | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | Prod.
code | UK viewers
(millions) | AI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Special** | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 213 |  | "A Christmas Carol" | Toby Haynes | Steven Moffat | 25 December 2010 (2010-12-25) | 2.X | 12.11 | 83 |
| A space liner containing 4,000 people and Amy Pond and Rory Williams on their honeymoon becomes caught in an electrified cloud. The Doctor, summoned by Amy, lands on the planet beneath and discovers that the atmosphere is controlled by the miserly Kazran Sardick, who refuses to let the ship safely land. The Doctor travels back to Kazran's youth and attempts to alter his past to make him kinder, spending time adventuring with young Kazran and a young woman named Abigail, who was released from a cryogenic chamber as her singing abilities calm the sharks which occupy the atmosphere. However, Abigail was suffering from an incurable disease, and Kazran grows up bitter that she cannot be let out again or she will die; but the Doctor shows Kazran's younger self what he would become and he decides to release the ship. Unfortunately, Kazran's personality has changed too much for the atmosphere controls to recognise him, and the Doctor must convince Kazran to release Abigail so she can sing and calm the atmosphere, and the two enjoy their last time together. | | | | | | | | |
| **Part 1** | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 214a | 1 | "The Impossible Astronaut" | Toby Haynes | Steven Moffat | 23 April 2011 (2011-04-23) | 2.1 | 8.86 | 88 |
| Amy, Rory and River Song receive invitations to the Utah desert where they meet the Doctor, who claims to be nearly 200 years older than when they had last seen him and says that he will take them to "Space: 1969". As they dine beside Lake Silencio they witness an unknown figure in a spacesuit kill the Doctor and are then met by an old man called Canton Everett Delaware III, who had also been invited. They meet a younger version of the Doctor who had been invited and land in the Oval Office in 1969, where they are enlisted by President Nixon to assist a younger version of Canton in saving a terrified little girl from a mysterious spaceman. The Doctor traces her to a warehouse in Florida where they investigate, unaware that the warehouse contains creatures which they forget after looking away from. After Amy tells the Doctor she is pregnant, the little girl appears in a spacesuit and Amy shoots at her. | | | | | | | | |
| 214b | 2 | "Day of the Moon" | Toby Haynes | Steven Moffat | 30 April 2011 (2011-04-30) | 2.2 | 7.30 | 87 |
| Amy's shot had missed and she, Rory, and River spend three months searching for the creatures, the Silence, while the Doctor and the TARDIS are held in Area 51. The group reunites and discuss the Silence, which have been found throughout America and have the ability to implant post-hypnotic suggestions in humans. Amy and Canton visit the orphanage where the little girl was kept. Amy finds a picture of herself with a baby in the little girl's room before she is kidnapped by the Silence. Canton wounds a Silent in the Doctor's prison and records it taunting him, "you should kill us all on sight." The Doctor tracks down Amy in the Silence's base and shows them the live broadcast of the Moon landing. He implants Canton's recording of the Silence into the footage, instructing all humans to attack the Silence. Later, Amy tells the Doctor that she was afraid travelling on the TARDIS would have an effect on the possible development of her child; Amy denies that she is actually pregnant but the Doctor initiates a scan. Six months later in New York City, the little girl is dying but reveals that she can regenerate. | | | | | | | | |
| 215 | 3 | "The Curse of the Black Spot" | Jeremy Webb | Stephen Thompson | 7 May 2011 (2011-05-07) | 2.9 | 7.85 | 86 |
| Following a distress signal, the TARDIS lands on a 17th-century pirate ship captained by Henry Avery, whose crew is terrorised by a Siren-like creature who marks crew members with black spots when they are injured and then seemingly disintegrates them. Rory receives a cut, and Amy and the Doctor keep him away from the Siren. Discovering that the Siren uses reflection as a portal, they rid the ship of any reflective surfaces. When Rory and Avery's son Toby are taken by the Siren, the Doctor, Amy, and Avery prick themselves and the Siren teleports them to an invisible alien spaceship which occupies the same spot as the pirate ship. There they find a sickbay where Rory and Toby are kept; Amy and the Doctor pull Rory off life support and Amy performs CPR to revive him. | | | | | | | | |
| 216 | 4 | "The Doctor's Wife" | Richard Clark | Neil Gaiman | 14 May 2011 (2011-05-14) | 2.3 | 7.97 | 87 |
| A distress signal from a Time Lord sends the Doctor, Amy and Rory outside the universe to a junkyard on an asteroid. They are introduced to the place's strange inhabitants — Auntie, Uncle, an Ood known as Nephew, and an excited woman named Idris, who seems attracted to the Doctor. An intelligence called "House" is controlling the asteroid. The Doctor discovers that other Time Lords have been lured to the asteroid and killed so House could feed off the energy. Upon learning that the Doctor is the last of the Time Lords, House takes possession of the TARDIS to escape to the regular universe, with Amy and Rory trapped inside. The Doctor learns that House has trapped the personality of the TARDIS inside Idris, causing her body to fail quickly. The two decide to build a makeshift TARDIS out of the scraps in the junkyard to pursue Amy, Rory and House. As they materialise inside the TARDIS, Idris releases the TARDIS's matrix, destroying House and liberating the TARDIS. | | | | | | | | |
| 217a | 5 | "The Rebel Flesh" | Julian Simpson | Matthew Graham | 21 May 2011 (2011-05-21) | 2.5 | 7.35 | 85 |
| Caught in a "solar tsunami", the TARDIS crash-lands on a 22nd century monastery which has been turned into a factory for pumping the deadly acid off an island. The crew of the factory, headed by Miranda Cleaves, creates doppelgängers (called "Gangers") of themselves using a self-replicating fluid known as the Flesh, which they can safely operate through dangerous duties and are disposable. Cleaves refuses to heed the Doctor's warning about the solar storm until she receives official orders. The Doctor attempts to disconnect the solar connector, but an electrical strike knocks everyone unconscious and have caused the crew's Gangers to become sentient, and the Gangers are planning on killing the humans. As the Doctor herds the humans to a safe place in the monastery, Rory leaves to find Jennifer, whose estranged Ganger is hunting her. In the chapel, Amy and the Doctor discover a Flesh version of the Doctor. | | | | | | | | |
| 217b | 6 | "The Almost People" | Julian Simpson | Matthew Graham | 28 May 2011 (2011-05-28) | 2.6 | 6.72 | 86 |
| Amy does not trust the Flesh version of the Doctor but accidentally tells it about his future death at Lake Silencio. Jennifer's Ganger, leading the war against the humans, kills her human counterpart and creates another Ganger, manipulating Rory into imprisoning the humans in an acid storage room. The Doctor's Ganger persuades the Gangers to liberate the humans, but they are pursued by Jennifer's Ganger, who has transformed herself into a monster. The Doctor reveals that Amy was actually distrusting the real version of him, and his Ganger and Cleaves' Ganger stay behind to destroy the monster. Amy begins experiencing contractions, and the Doctor explains she is going into labour and had been replaced by a Ganger which her real self is controlling. He disintegrates her Flesh form and she awakes in her real body fully pregnant in a white tube, watched over by the "Eye Patch Lady", who instructs her to "push". | | | | | | | | |
| 218 | 7 | "A Good Man Goes to War" | Peter Hoar | Steven Moffat | 4 June 2011 (2011-06-04) | 2.7 | 7.51 | 88 |
| The Doctor assembles an army and he and Rory infiltrate the asteroid base Demon's Run, where Amy is held captive and her newborn child, Melody Pond, has been taken by the Eye Patch Lady, Madame Kovarian. River Song refuses to join the Doctor, explaining that she cannot be there until the end, when he discovers her identity. The Doctor and Rory secure the base, free Amy, and take back Melody. The Doctor's allies discover that Melody contains both human and Time Lord DNA, a result of her being conceived on the TARDIS on Amy and Rory's wedding night. As Rory and the rest of the Doctor's allies battle the Headless Monks, the Doctor learns that he has been tricked: Melody has been replaced by a Ganger duplicate, and he is too late. River Song arrives, communicates her identity to the Doctor and he races off in the TARDIS, promising Amy and Rory that he will get their daughter back. River then informs the couple that she is in fact their daughter; "River Song" is a translation of "Melody Pond" in the language of the Gamma Forest. | | | | | | | | |
| **Part 2** | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 219 | 8 | "Let's Kill Hitler" | Richard Senior | Steven Moffat | 27 August 2011 (2011-08-27) | 2.8 | 8.10 | 85 |
| Amy and Rory summon the Doctor to Leadworth, and he admits he has not found Melody. They are met by Mels, their childhood friend responsible for Amy and Rory's relationship and whom Amy named Melody after. Mels hijacks the TARDIS and causes it to spin out of control and crash into Hitler's office in 1938 Berlin. They accidentally save Hitler, as they disrupted a Teselecta, a shapeshifting robot piloted by miniaturised people to punish criminals, from killing him. Before Rory locks him away, Hitler shoots at the Teselecta but hits Mels instead. Instead of dying, however, Mels begins to regenerate into another incarnation which they recognise as River Song. She attempts to kill the Doctor several times before she kisses him; he discovers her lipstick was laced with poison that will kill him in 32 minutes. The Teselecta identifies River as responsible for the Doctor's death and thus a criminal, but Amy and Rory plead they not torture her and turn the Teselecta's security robots against the crew, who promptly teleport out. River saves the dying Doctor by giving up all her remaining regenerations. | | | | | | | | |
| 220 | 9 | "Night Terrors" | Richard Clark | Mark Gatiss | 3 September 2011 (2011-09-03) | 2.4 | 7.07 | 86 |
| The Doctor, Amy, and Rory make a "house call" to a boy named George who is terrified of almost everything, especially the wardrobe in his room. As the Doctor talks to his father Alex, Amy and Rory are transported from the lift to a life-size doll house where other members of the housing estate have arrived, to be turned into peg dolls. The Doctor investigates and Alex suddenly realises that his wife Claire was never pregnant. The Doctor asserts that George is an empathic alien who took on the form of Alex and Claire's desired child through a perception filter, and has the ability to lock away his fears within the wardrobe. George panics, causing the Doctor and Alex to be sucked into the doll's house. The Doctor realises that if George faces his fears by opening the wardrobe, the world in the dollhouse will be destroyed. George opens the wardrobe and is surrounded by dolls due to his belief that he is not wanted. Alex embraces George as a son, causing the dollhouse world to cease to exist and the inhabitants are returned to their world. | | | | | | | | |
| 221 | 10 | "The Girl Who Waited" | Nick Hurran | Tom MacRae | 10 September 2011 (2011-09-10) | 2.10 | 7.60 | 85 |
| The Doctor takes Amy and Rory to the planet Apalapucia, but they find that the planet is under quarantine as the two-hearted natives are susceptible to a deadly plague which will kill the infected within a day. Those infected by the plague are placed in an accelerated time stream, allowing them to live out their lives whilst in communication with their loved ones. Amy accidentally enters one of these rooms and is separated from the Doctor and Rory. The Doctor uses the TARDIS to locate her and Rory leaves to rescue her; the Doctor, who has two hearts, must remain on the TARDIS to avoid catching the plague. However, they have arrived 36 years later in Amy's time stream and the older Amy refuses to let them rescue her younger self. She later softens, however, and the Doctor says that both versions of Amy will be able to travel on the TARDIS. However, as both Amys are brought together and proceed to enter the TARDIS, the Doctor locks the older Amy out, explaining to Rory that the TARDIS would not allow this paradox. | | | | | | | | |
| 222 | 11 | "The God Complex" | Nick Hurran | Toby Whithouse | 17 September 2011 (2011-09-17) | 2.11 | 6.77 | 86 |
| The TARDIS lands in what appears to be a 1980s hotel, which the Doctor recognises as a disguised alien structure. The layout of the hotel is constantly shifting, and they soon lose the TARDIS. They meet others who had also suddenly found themselves in the hotel: humans Rita, Howie, Joe, and the alien Gibbis. One by one, Joe, Howie, and Rita are seemingly possessed by a minotaur-like monster and lured to it and subsequently killed. The Doctor surmises that the minotaur fed on a specific faith each of them had and discovers that Amy will be next, as she has faith in him. He convinces her to break her faith and the monster collapses and the hotel setting is revealed to be part of a simulation taking place on a prison ship. The Doctor takes Amy and Rory back to Earth, believing it is best for them to stop travelling with him before they are killed. | | | | | | | | |
| 223 | 12 | "Closing Time" | Steve Hughes | Gareth Roberts | 24 September 2011 (2011-09-24) | 2.12 | 6.93 | 86 |
| Nearly 200 years have passed for the Doctor, and as he nears his death at Lake Silencio he decides to visit his friend Craig Owens. Craig has moved in with his girlfriend Sophie and the two are raising their baby son, Alfie. The Doctor arrives just as Sophie has departed for a holiday and is compelled to stay and investigate strange electrical disturbances in the area. He traces this back to a department store, which the Doctor and Craig discover contains a teleporter to a Cyberman spacecraft as well as a Cybermat. The Doctor finds the ship underneath the building and is captured by the Cybermen; Craig follows and is nearly converted to a Cyberman, but he hears Alfie crying and recovers the strength to reverse the conversion. Elsewhere, Kovarian and the Silence strap River into the astronaut suit. | | | | | | | | |
| 224 | 13 | "The Wedding of River Song" | Jeremy Webb | Steven Moffat | 1 October 2011 (2011-10-01) | 2.13 | 7.67 | 86 |
| Understanding his death cannot be avoided, the Doctor gives invitations to Lake Silencio for Amy, Rory, River, and Canton to a Teselecta. However, the River in the astronaut suit refuses to kill him, causing the Earth to be thrown into a timeline where all of history is running at once. He is found by Amy who is able to remember the original universe due to the crack in her wall. The Doctor is taken to River, who is aware that if the two of them touch the correct time will resume. Amy realises who Rory is and kills Madame Kovarian for taking their child. The Doctor, believing the universe will collapse if they stay in the aborted timeline as River suggests, whispers something in River's ear and then marries her. They kiss, allowing the universe to return. Later, Amy and Rory are visited by River, who reveals that the Doctor had revealed to her that the Teselecta was impersonating him while he was safely inside it. Elsewhere, the Doctor is warned by Dorium that the question the Silence were attempting to prevent will be asked: "Doctor Who?" | | | | | | | | |

### Supplemental episodes

Two three-minute mini-episodes titled "Space" and "Time", directed by Richard Senior, were released on 18 March 2011, filmed under the sixth series' production cycle as part of BBC One's Red Nose Day telethon for the charity Comic Relief. The episodes form a two-part story, set entirely within the TARDIS, starring Matt Smith as the Doctor, Karen Gillan as Amy Pond and Arthur Darvill as Rory Williams, and were written by the programme's head writer Steven Moffat.

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original release date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Space" and "Time" | Richard Senior | Steven Moffat | 18 March 2011 (2011-03-18) |
| The episodes form a two-part story, set entirely within the TARDIS, starring Matt Smith as The Doctor, Karen Gillan as Amy Pond and Arthur Darvill as Rory Williams, and were written by the programme's head writer Steven Moffat. They received 10.26 million viewers. | | | | | |
| 2 | "Death Is the Only Answer" | Jeremy Webb | Children of Oakley Junior School | 1 October 2011 (2011-10-01) |
| "Script to Screen" competition winning script, written by the pupils of Oakley CE Junior School. | | | | | |
| 3 | *Night and the Doctor* | Richard Senior | Steven Moffat | 21 November 2011 (2011-11-21) (home video release) |
| A series of five mini-episodes produced for the Series 6 DVD and Blu-Ray box set. | | | | | |

### Prequels

A number of short prequel videos were released online prior to selected episodes' airings.

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original release date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "The Impossible Astronaut" prequel | N/A | Steven Moffat | 25 March 2011 (2011-03-25) |
| Nixon receives a phone call from the little girl who keeps calling him in the episode. She begs for the President to look behind him, but he asks how she got that number, which the 'spaceman' told her. She tells him it is about monsters, to which he replies "Young lady, there are no monsters in the Oval Office." He then hangs up and leans back. Behind him stands an out-of-focus Silent. | | | | | |
| 2 | "The Curse of the Black Spot" prequel | N/A | Stephen Thompson | 30 April 2011 (2011-04-30) |
| There is a short montage of atmospheric shots of the pirate ship, bridged by a narration in the form of Captain Avery's journal for "April the first, 1699; the good ship Fancy." Avery describes how his ship has been becalmed for eight days, and the crew are being taken one by one by "an enemy"; he fears that they are all doomed to die there. | | | | | |
| 3 | "A Good Man Goes to War" prequel | Marcus Wilson | Steven Moffat | 28 May 2011 (2011-05-28) |
| Dorium talks to two Headless Monks. He gives them the brain of a Judoon, which contains a security protocol the monks need. Dorium tells them that he knows what they are up to, as he has heard rumours around the area. He asks them, "All this, to imprison one child? Oh, I know what you're up to, I hear everything in this place. I even hear rumours about whose child you've taken. Are you mad? You know the stories about the Doctor? The things that man has done? God help us if you make him angry!" | | | | | |
| 4 | "Let's Kill Hitler" prequel | Steve Hughes | Steven Moffat | 15 August 2011 (2011-08-15) |
| Amy calls the Doctor and leaves a message for the Doctor on the TARDIS's answer phone, begging him to find her child, Melody. Though Amy knows Melody will grow up to be River Song, she does not want to miss seeing her grow up. As she ends her message, it is revealed that a very upset Doctor was listening but did not pick up the phone, even though Amy had pleaded for him to. | | | | | |
| 5 | "The Wedding of River Song" prequel | Marcus Wilson | Steven Moffat | 24 September 2011 (2011-09-24) |
| At Area 52, which has a clock stuck at 5:02 p.m., Silence are kept in stasis and River Song is wearing an eye patch in the same fashion as Madame Kovarian. | | | | | |

## Casting

Matt Smith, Karen Gillan and Arthur Darvill return for the sixth series

Matt Smith, Karen Gillan and Arthur Darvill continued their roles as the Doctor, Amy Pond, and Rory Williams. Darvill had appeared in the previous series in a recurring role in seven episodes, acting as a companion in six of them, but became a regular in this series, having had his "fingers crossed" that this would happen.

Alex Kingston returned as River Song. Although Kingston did not expect to return before the fifth series, Moffat always intended for River to return to the series. James Corden also reprised his role as Craig Owens from "The Lodger" in "Closing Time", and Simon Callow briefly reprised his role as Charles Dickens from the first series episode "The Unquiet Dead", as did Ian McNeice who briefly reprised his role as Winston Churchill from the fifth series episode "Victory of the Daleks". A young version of Amy was played by Gillan's eleven-year-old cousin, Caitlin Blackwood, in the episodes "Let's Kill Hitler" and "The God Complex". Gillan and Blackwood first met on the set of the fifth series, but, although Blackwood had to audition, Gillan recommended her for the role.

"A Christmas Carol" guest-starred Michael Gambon and Katherine Jenkins as Kazran Sardick and Abigail respectively. Guest stars of the main series included Michael Sheen (voice) as "House" in "The Doctor's Wife", Imelda Staunton (voice) as "Interface" in "The Girl Who Waited", Suranne Jones as Idris in "The Doctor's Wife", David Walliams as Gibbis in "The God Complex", Hugh Bonneville and Lily Cole as Henry Avery and the "Siren" respectively in "The Curse of the Black Spot", Mark Sheppard as Canton in "The Impossible Astronaut" and "Day of the Moon", and Daniel Mays as Alex in "Night Terrors". Other guest stars included William Morgan Sheppard, Chukwudi Iwuji, Stuart Milligan, Kerry Shale, Lee Ross, Mark Bonnar, Sarah Smart, Marshall Lancaster, Raquel Cassidy, Christina Chong, Danny Sapani, Simon Fisher-Becker, Richard Dillane, Nina Toussaint-White, Amara Karan, Dimitri Leonidas, Sian Williams, Bill Turnbull, Meredith Vieira, and show writer Mark Gatiss.

## Production

### Development

> "\[Series 5\], in a way, was all about saying, don't worry, it's still him, it's still the same show, nothing's really been lost. Losing a leading man like David Tennant is seismic – unless you gain a leading man like Matt Smith. It's been the biggest joy to see him \[play the Doctor\]. But now he's really here, and the part is his, \[...\] he's ready to lead us places we didn't know existed. \[In series 5\] we reassured you – \[in series 6\], \[...\] we're going to worry the hell out of you. How well do we really know \[the Doctor\], or what he's capable of?"

Steven Moffat

The sixth series was commissioned in March 2010, before the fifth series aired. Neither Peter Bennett nor Tracie Simpson returned as producers, with Sanne Wohlenberg covering the role for "A Christmas Carol" and the first two episodes filmed for the main series ("The Doctor's Wife" and "Night Terrors"). Marcus Wilson produced every other episode except "Closing Time", where Denise Paul produces and Wilson is credited as "series producer". Production designer Edward Thomas was replaced by Michael Pickwoad. Lead writer and executive producer Steven Moffat stated that the purpose of the previous series was to "reassure" the audience that the show was the same, despite the many production changes. However, he wanted this series to be more of a "ghost train" and "worry" the audience. The series is much more serialised than previous ones; the arc-driven nature was inspired by positive reactions from fans when the Doctor from the fifth series finale "The Big Bang" appeared in the earlier episode "Flesh and Stone". Moffat decided to "rest" the Doctor's arch-enemies the Daleks for the series, as being the "most frequent" enemies of the show made them "the most reliably defeatable enemies in the universe".

The series continues to build the mystery of the Silence, which had been introduced in the fifth series. Moffat did not wish to end the arc in the previous series, as he felt it would be "more fun" to continue it. Moffat had planned the revelation about River Song "for a long time"; when creating Amy's character, he chose "Pond" for her last name to create a link. Moffat intended for the "answer to be as complicated as the question". Moffat informed Kingston of the secrets of her character at the end of the previous series and she was not allowed to tell anyone; Smith, Gillan, and Darvill were unaware of the identity of her character. Song's identity was kept in top secrecy; the script read at the read-through of "A Good Man Goes to War" had a false ending, and only a select few were issued the real script.

### Writing

Matthew Graham was not able to write an episode as he was slated to for the fifth series because he did not believe he would have enough time. Moffat then asked him to write the two-part episode "The Rebel Flesh"/"The Almost People". Neil Gaiman had written "The Doctor's Wife" for the previous series, but due to budget constraints it was replaced with "The Lodger". This necessitated changes to the script, including the addition of Rory as a companion. During the production process the order of the third, fourth and ninth episodes was changed. "The Curse of the Black Spot" was swapped with "Night Terrors" because Moffat felt that the second half of the series was too dark. This necessitated minor changes for the episodes to fit into the storyline, most notably in "Night Terrors".

Moffat wanted to start the series with a two-parter that had gravity and a wider scope in plot. He also aimed to make them some of the darkest episodes. In contrast, the following episode, "The Curse of the Black Spot", would allow the characters to "kick back and have some fun". Gaiman's episode was based around the TARDIS, and allowing the Doctor and the TARDIS to speak to each other. Graham's two-parter was intended to lead into "A Good Man Goes to War", the mid-series finale, but have a main plot about "avatars that rebel". Graham took Moffat's pitch and added many of his own aspects, such as the monastery setting and the Flesh. Then, in addition to revealing who River Song is, "A Good Man Goes to War" presented the situation of the Doctor, who was typically a pacifist, being provoked enough to assemble an army. Moffat described the ending as "game-changing cliffhanger" and split the series in two because such a climax could not be done at the end of a series, as it would be "too long before it came back".

The mid-series premiere, "Let's Kill Hitler", was intended to be the opposite of the "grim and dark" tone of the series premiere. Mark Gatiss wrote "Night Terrors" to be a scary episode, surprised that dolls had not been used in *Doctor Who* before. "The Girl Who Waited" is a "Doctor-lite" episode, an episode in which the actor playing the Doctor is not required for much of the shooting, which allowed Tom MacRae to explore Amy and Rory's characters and relationship. The concept of "The God Complex" was originally pitched by Toby Whithouse for the fifth series, but it was pushed back as Moffat felt that it was too similar to the stories in that series. The penultimate episode, "Closing Time", is a sequel to series five's "The Lodger" and allows the Doctor to have some fun while building up to the finale. Writer Gareth Roberts also wanted to bring back the Cybermen, as there were no other returning monsters in the series and he thought "there should be a sense of history about the Doctor's final battle to save Earth before he heads off to meet his death". The finale was described by Moffat as "a big roller coaster ride of *Doctor Who* madness" and concludes the Doctor's death arc, though it intentionally leaves some mysteries.

### Music

Murray Gold composed the soundtrack to this series, with orchestration by Ben Foster.

### Filming

"Night Terrors" was the first episode of the series to be filmed in September 2010. It was mainly filmed on a council estate in Bristol, with some scenes filmed in Dyrham Park. Production of "The Doctor's Wife" also occurred in September, with some in October. The two-part opening story was partially filmed in the United States, a first for the programme. This production was done in Utah in November 2010. The story was co-produced by BBC America, who provided extra money for filming in the States. "The Rebel Flesh" and "The Almost People" was filmed in late November 2010 to January 2011, with much location shooting at Caerphilly Castle. "The Curse of the Black Spot" was filmed in Cornwall as well as the Upper Boat Studios, while some of "A Good Man Goes to War" was filmed in a hangar in Cardiff and began shooting mid-January 2011. "The God Complex" was mostly filmed on constructed hotel sets, and the low-budget "The Girl Who Waited" was intentionally set in "big white boxes". "Closing Time" was filmed at night in a department store, as well as a private home in Cardiff, with some filming reports in March 2011. "Let's Kill Hitler" featured Swansea and Cardiff's Temple of Peace as locations in Berlin. Filming concluded on 29 April 2011 with "The Wedding of River Song", though a scene from "Let's Kill Hitler" was delayed and filmed on 11 July 2011.

Production blocks were arranged as follows:

| Block | Episode(s) | Director | Writer(s) | Producer | Code |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| X | Christmas special: "A Christmas Carol" | Toby Haynes | Steven Moffat | Sanne Wohlenberg | 2X |
| 1 | Episode 9: "Night Terrors" | Richard Clark | | Mark Gatiss | 2.4 |
| | | Episode 4: "The Doctor's Wife" | | Neil Gaiman | 2.3 |
| 2 | Episode 1: "The Impossible Astronaut" | Toby Haynes | Steven Moffat | Marcus Wilson | 2.1 |
| | | | | Episode 2: "Day of the Moon" | 2.2 |
| 3 | Episode 5: "The Rebel Flesh" | Julian Simpson | | Matthew Graham | 2.5 |
| | | | | Episode 6: "The Almost People" | 2.6 |
| 4 | Episode 7: "A Good Man Goes to War" | Peter Hoar | | Steven Moffat | 2.7 |
| | Episode 3: "The Curse of the Black Spot" | Jeremy Webb | | Stephen Thompson | 2.9 |
| 5 | Episode 11: "The God Complex" | Nick Hurran | | Toby Whithouse | 2.11 |
| | | Episode 10: "The Girl Who Waited" | | Tom MacRae | 2.10 |
| 6 | Episode 12: "Closing Time" | Steve Hughes | Gareth Roberts | Denise Paul | 2.12 |
| 7 | Episode 13: "The Wedding of River Song" | Jeremy Webb | Steven Moffat | Marcus Wilson | 2.13 |
| | Episode 8: "Let's Kill Hitler" | | | Richard Senior | 2.8 |

## Release

### Promotion

The first trailer for the sixth series was shown directly after "A Christmas Carol". In December 2010, BBC America began airing promotions for the new series with Smith and Gillan in character, announcing that they have landed in America. A 15-second teaser trailer was shown on BBC One at 9pm, 22 March 2011. This was followed by a one-minute trailer on 30 March 2011. BBC America followed with a one-minute trailer on 1 April. In addition, two radio trailers were broadcast in the UK in April.

On 10 June 2011, the BBC released a short 30-second teaser trailer for the second half of the series. Smith and Gillan, alongside executive producers Piers Wenger and Beth Willis and "The God Complex" writer Toby Whithouse, attended the 2011 San Diego Comic-Con in late June to promote the second half of the series. There a one-minute trailer and a clip of "The God Complex" was shown. A 40-second trailer was released on 4 August 2011 for BBC One. A 30-second trailer from BBC America was released on 12 August 2011. An alternative trailer aired on CBBC in August 2011.

In addition, the BBC released prequels on the *Doctor Who* official website to promote some of the episodes. The first, for "The Impossible Astronaut", was released on 25 March 2011. Prequels were subsequently released to promote "The Curse of the Black Spot", "A Good Man Goes to War", "Let's Kill Hitler", and "The Wedding of River Song".

### Broadcast

The series was split into two halves, primarily for storytelling reasons, with the first seven episodes airing in early 2011 and the final six airing later in the year. The first half aired in the United Kingdom on BBC One from 23 April 2011, and the second half from 27 August.

In the United States, the sixth series began airing on BBC America on 23 April; following "A Christmas Carol", this was the first full series to air on the same day in the US as the UK. However, "The Almost People" and "A Good Man Goes to War" were delayed by one week due to expected low numbers of TV viewers during the Memorial Day weekend. Space aired the premiere on 23 April for Canadian viewers, and "The Impossible Astronaut" was broadcast in Australia on ABC1 on 30 April. The series started screening in New Zealand on Prime on 19 May 2011. The second half of the series, beginning with "Let's Kill Hitler", was broadcast on 27 August 2011 on BBC America and on Space. ABC1 began the second run on 3 September.

Some international broadcasts, including BBC America, contained a special introductory narration by Amy explaining the concept of the series before the opening credits. Moffat was asked to write the sequence; he called it a "bloody good idea" because it would make it accessible to new audiences, despite noting that diehard fans would not like it. Previous showrunner Russell T Davies was also a fan of the sequence.

### Home media

All of the episodes from the first half of the series ("The Impossible Astronaut" to "A Good Man Goes to War") were released on 11 July 2011 on DVD and Blu-ray, entitled *Doctor Who: Series Six, Part 1*. This set included two featurettes called "Monster Files", which looked into the Silence and the Gangers. *Doctor Who: Series Six, Part 2*, covering episodes from "Let's Kill Hitler" to "The Wedding of River Song", was released on DVD and Blu-ray on 10 October 2011. It also contained two "Monster Files" on the Antibodies and the Cybermats. A 6-disc boxset containing all 13 episodes of the series and "A Christmas Carol" was released on 21 November 2011 in Region 2, 22 November in Region 1, on 1 December 2011 in Region 4. A limited edition box set was also released in the UK with a lifted image of a Silent on the cover and including five 3-D art cards. Special features included in the box sets are commentaries on five episodes, "Space" and "Time", the prequels, trailers, "Monster Files", and the cut-down versions of the accompanying *Doctor Who Confidential* episodes. Also included is *Night and the Doctor*, which comprises five made-for-DVD mini-episodes.

* (D) indicates a DVD release for a specific date
* (B) indicates a Blu-ray release
* (D,B) indicates a simultaneous DVD and Blu-ray release

| Series | Story no. | Episode name | Number and duration
of episodes | R2 release date | R4 release date | R1 release date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 | 213 | *Doctor Who*: A Christmas Carol
"A Christmas Carol" & Doctor Who Prom (2010) | 1 × 60 min. | 24 January 2011
(D,B) | 3 March 2011
(D,B) | 15 February 2011
(D,B) |
| | 214–218 | *Doctor Who*: Series 6, Part 1
"The Impossible Astronaut" – "A Good Man Goes to War" | 6 × 45 min.
1 × 50 min. | 11 July 2011
(D,B) | 4 August 2011
(D,B) | 19 July 2011
(D,B) |
| | 219–224 | *Doctor Who*: Series 6, Part 2
"Let's Kill Hitler" – "The Wedding of River Song" | 4 × 45 min.
2 × 50 min. | 10 October 2011
(D,B) | 3 November 2011
(D,B) | 8 November 2011
(D,B) |
| | 213–224 | *Doctor Who*: The Complete Sixth Series
(includes "A Christmas Carol") | 1 × 60 min.
3 × 50 min.
10 × 45 min. | 21 November 2011
(D,B) | 1 December 2011
(D,B) | 22 November 2011
(D,B) |
| , 6, ,
2013
specials | 203–241 | *Doctor Who: The Complete Matt Smith Years* | 30 × 45 min.
7 × 50 min.
1 × 55 min.
4 × 60 min.
1 × 65 min.
1 × 77 min. |  |  | 4 November 2014
(B)
2 October 2018
(D) |

## Reception

### Ratings

"A Christmas Carol" received final ratings of 12.11 million UK viewers, the fourth highest rated Christmas special behind "Voyage of the Damned", "The Next Doctor", and Part Two of "The End of Time". The ratings for the series dramatically increased once time-shifted viewers were taken into account. "The Impossible Astronaut" premiered with a consolidated figure of 8.86 million viewers in the UK, and was reportedly the most recorded television event of all time. It also received 1.379 million requests on BBC's online iPlayer for the month of April. The series held a consistent viewership in the seven millions, with the lowest-rated episode being "The Almost People" with 6.72 million.

The series also received a strong Appreciation Index, with all episodes aside from "A Christmas Carol" in the "excellent" category of a score of 85 or more. While "The Impossible Astronaut" and "A Good Man Goes to War" reached 88, the finale only scored 86, compared to 88, 89, and 91 of the previous finales of the revived series.

In Canada on Space, "The Impossible Astronaut" was viewed by 538,000, the most-watched *Doctor Who* episode for the channel and its most-watched telecast thus far in 2011. On BBC America in the United States, "The Impossible Astronaut" was the channel's highest-rated telecast with 1.3 million viewers, increasing to 1.8 million when DVR recordings were taken into account. The second half of the series, with *Top Gear* and *Luther*, contributed to the third quarter of 2011 being BBC America's highest rated. *Doctor Who* also became the most-downloaded show of 2011 on iTunes in the US, with the sixth series specifically topping the chart.

| No. | Title | Air date | Overnight ratings | | Consolidated ratings | | Total
viewers
(millions) | AI | Ref(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Viewers
(millions) | Rank | Viewers
(millions) | Rank | | | |
|  | "A Christmas Carol" | 25 December 2010 | 10.30 | 4 | 1.81 | 3 | 12.11 | 83 |  |
| 1 | "The Impossible Astronaut" | 23 April 2011 | 6.50 | 1 | 2.36 | 3 | 8.86 | 88 |  |
| 2 | "Day of the Moon" | 30 April 2011 | 5.40 | 2 | 1.9 | 7 | 7.30 | 87 |  |
| 3 | "The Curse of the Black Spot" | 7 May 2011 | 6.20 | 2 | 1.65 | 5 | 7.85 | 86 |  |
| 4 | "The Doctor's Wife" | 14 May 2011 | 5.90 | 3 | 2.07 | 8 | 7.97 | 87 |  |
| 5 | "The Rebel Flesh" | 21 May 2011 | 5.70 | 2 | 1.65 | 6 | 7.35 | 85 |  |
| 6 | "The Almost People" | 28 May 2011 | 5.00 | 2 | 1.72 | 6 | 6.72 | 86 |  |
| 7 | "A Good Man Goes to War" | 4 June 2011 | 5.50 | 6 | 2.01 | 2 | 7.51 | 88 |  |
| 8 | "Let's Kill Hitler" | 27 August 2011 | 6.20 | 1 | 1.9 | 6 | 8.10 | 85 |  |
| 9 | "Night Terrors" | 3 September 2011 | 5.50 | 4 | 1.57 | 7 | 7.07 | 86 |  |
| 10 | "The Girl Who Waited" | 10 September 2011 | 6.00 | 3 | 1.6 | 6 | 7.60 | 85 |  |
| 11 | "The God Complex" | 17 September 2011 | 5.20 | 3 | 1.57 | 5 | 6.77 | 86 |  |
| 12 | "Closing Time" | 24 September 2011 | 5.30 | 3 | 1.63 | 5 | 6.93 | 86 |  |
| 13 | "The Wedding of River Song" | 1 October 2011 | 6.10 | 2 | 1.57 | 7 | 7.67 | 86 |  |

### Critical reception

The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the series a score of 100 per cent, with a weighted average of 9.04 out of 10.

Reviewing the first half, Dave Golder of *SFX* praised the change in direction Moffat had taken with the show, calling it "more visually impressive and more narratively rewarding than anything we've had before". *The Guardian*'s Dan Martin was positive towards the first six episodes, despite calling "The Curse of the Black Spot" a "wasted opportunity" and noting that it would be a risk to serialise the story too much. He particularly praised the way Amy, Rory, and the Doctor had developed since the last series.

Sam McPherson of Zap2it said that, despite a few "duds", the sixth series was the "strongest" since *Doctor Who*'s revival in 2005. Despite disliking the finale as a conclusion, *The Independent*'s Neela Debnath praised the character development seen in the series as well as the "cinematic quality". She also was positive to the dynamic between the Doctor, Amy, and Rory, as it was different from other characters seen previously on the show, and continuing with the same character allowed the series to feel more "multi-layered". Charlie Jane Anders of io9 described it as "of the most unusual, and structurally ambitious, eras in *Doctor Who*'s history" and praised the way the story revolved around the Doctor. Anders commented in a review of the DVD release that the "inventiveness and cleverness" was an integral part of the sixth series, and the episodes such as "The Doctor's Wife" and "The God Complex" would be considered classics. She praised Moffat's writing, while commenting on the fact that the series' primary storylines, including Amy's pregnancy, River Song's childhood and assassination plot on the Doctor were not satisfying enough when re-watching the series. Anders did not consider Amy and River particularly "plausible characters". DVD Talk's John Sinnott gave the series four out of five stars, feeling that it "\[didn't\] quite hit the heights" of the fifth series but was "still pretty good (and light years past any other SF show currently in production)". Despite finding the solution "witty, unpredictable ... and very satisfying", he stated that the subplots were "a bit convoluted" and potentially confusing, and they "seem to drop the mystery of the person in the space suit for a large part of the season and \[focus\] on other odd events". He also noted that the plots of the consecutive episodes "Night Terrors", "The Girl Who Waited", and "The God Complex" were similar.

Reviewing the whole series, *SFX*'s Ian Berriman was more critical, giving it three and a half out of five stars. He criticised the story arc, finding it too complicated and the solution unsatisfying, and noted that it lacked "emotional impact". Anders felt that the story arc, especially the finale, suffered from Amy and River not being portrayed as believable characters. Digital Spy named *Doctor Who* the eighth best show of 2011, feeling that the series was "something of a mixed bag" with episodes of varying quality but generally praised the acting of the cast: "Matt Smith was firing on all cylinders – there's a confidence that comes with knowing you're a hit with viewers – while Arthur Darvill's Rory excelled in his first year as a series regular". Gavin Fuller of *The Daily Telegraph* wrote that "The Wedding of River Song" was "an uneven ending to a slightly uneven series which at times has been in danger of overcomplicating itself, but still has been one of the most creative and distinctive series on television". The series was also criticised by viewers and the press for being "too scary" for young children, "too complicated", and running the risk of alienating casual viewers. Arnold T. Blumburg of IGN stated that the sixth series "inspired seriously divided reactions in fandom" and, in his opinion, "the show has never been more unevenly written or emotionally distant".

### Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Nominee(s) | Result | Ref(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011 | Constellation Awards | Best Female Performance in a 2011 Science Fiction Television Episode | "The Girl Who Waited" | Nominated |  |
| | | Best Science Fiction Television Series of 2011 | *Doctor Who* | Nominated |  |
| | Hugo Awards | Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation (Short Form) | "A Christmas Carol" | Nominated |  |
| | Nebula Awards | Ray Bradbury | "The Doctor's Wife" | Won |  |
| | Royal Television Society Programme Awards | Best Writer (Drama) | Steven Moffat | Nominated |  |
| 2012 | BAFTA Cymru | Best Sound | Sound Team for "The Wedding of River Song" | Nominated |  |
| | | Best Television Drama | "The Impossible Astronaut" | Nominated |  |
| | | Best Digital Creativity & Games | *Doctor Who: The Adventure Games*: "The Gunpowder Plot" | Won |  |
| | Hugo Awards | Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation (Short Form) | "The Doctor's Wife" | Won |  |
| | | "A Good Man Goes to War" | Nominated |  |
| | | "The Girl Who Waited" | Nominated |  |
| | Saturn Award | Best Youth-Oriented Series on Television | *Doctor Who* | Nominated |  |
| | *TV Choice* Awards | Best Family Drama | *Doctor Who* | Won |  |
| | Best Actor | Matt Smith | Nominated |  |
| | Best Actress | Karen Gillan | Nominated |  |

## Soundtrack

Selected pieces of score from this series (from "The Impossible Astronaut" to "The Wedding of River Song"), as composed by Murray Gold, was released on 19 December 2011 by Silva Screen Records. The music from "A Christmas Carol" was released separately on its own soundtrack.

| *Doctor Who: Series 6* | |
| --- | --- |
| Soundtrack album by Murray Gold, Ben Foster and the BBC National Orchestra of Wales | |
| Released | December 19, 2011 |
| Recorded | 2010–2011 |
| Genre | Soundtrack |
| Length | 141:34 |
| Label | Silva Screen Records |
| Producer | Murray Gold |
|  | |
| *Doctor Who* soundtrack chronology | |
| *A Christmas Carol*
(2011) ***Series 6***
(2011) *The Caves of Androzani*
(2013) | |
|  | |

Disc 1
| No. | Title | Episode | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "I Am the Doctor in Utah" | "The Impossible Astronaut" / "Day of the Moon" | 1:44 |
| 2. | "1969" | "The Impossible Astronaut" / "Day of the Moon" | 2:01 |
| 3. | "The Impossible Astronaut" | "The Impossible Astronaut" / "Day of the Moon" | 3:13 |
| 4. | "Trust Me" | "The Impossible Astronaut" / "Day of the Moon" | 1:39 |
| 5. | "Help Is On Its Way" | "The Impossible Astronaut" / "Day of the Moon" | 3:59 |
| 6. | "Another Perfect Prison" | "The Impossible Astronaut" / "Day of the Moon" | 0:53 |
| 7. | "Greystark Hall" | "The Impossible Astronaut" / "Day of the Moon" | 2:53 |
| 8. | "Apollo 11" | "The Impossible Astronaut" / "Day of the Moon" | 0:54 |
| 9. | "Day of the Moon" | "The Impossible Astronaut" / "Day of the Moon" | 2:43 |
| 10. | "I See You Silence" | "The Impossible Astronaut" / "Day of the Moon" | 1:05 |
| 11. | "You're a Dead Man" | "The Curse of the Black Spot" | 1:40 |
| 12. | "Deadly Siren" | "The Curse of the Black Spot" | 5:30 |
| 13. | "Perfect Reflection" | "The Curse of the Black Spot" | 1:03 |
| 14. | "All for One" | "The Curse of the Black Spot" | 3:48 |
| 15. | "The Curse of the Black Spot" | "The Curse of the Black Spot" | 1:14 |
| 16. | "I've Got Mail" | "The Doctor's Wife" | 0:45 |
| 17. | "My TARDIS" | "The Doctor's Wife" | 1:29 |
| 18. | "Run, Sexy" | "The Doctor's Wife" | 1:57 |
| 19. | "Locked On" | "The Doctor's Wife" | 1:07 |
| 20. | "The Chemical Castle" | "The Rebel Flesh" / "The Almost People" | 1:30 |
| 21. | "Which One Is the Flesh?" | "The Rebel Flesh" / "The Almost People" | 1:39 |
| 22. | "Scanning Me" | "The Rebel Flesh" / "The Almost People" | 2:30 |
| 23. | "Ransacked" | "The Rebel Flesh" / "The Almost People" | 2:01 |
| 24. | "Always with the Rory" | "The Rebel Flesh" / "The Almost People" | 1:22 |
| 25. | "Double Doctor" | "The Rebel Flesh" / "The Almost People" | 2:02 |
| 26. | "Tell Me the Truth" | "The Rebel Flesh" / "The Almost People" | 3:48 |
| 27. | "Loving Isn't Knowing (The Almost People Suite)" | "The Rebel Flesh" / "The Almost People" | 5:29 |
| 28. | "River's Waltz" | "A Good Man Goes To War" | 1:50 |
| 29. | "Pop" | "A Good Man Goes To War" | 1:36 |
| 30. | "Tell Me Who You Are" | "A Good Man Goes To War" | 1:52 |
| 31. | "Melody Pond" | "A Good Man Goes To War" | 2:36 |
| Total length: | | | 67:52 |

Disc 2
| No. | Title | Episode | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Growing Up Fast" | "Let's Kill Hitler" | 1:21 |
| 2. | "The Blush of Love" | "Let's Kill Hitler" | 1:22 |
| 3. | "Terror of the Reich" | "Let's Kill Hitler" | 3:05 |
| 4. | "The British Are Coming" | "Let's Kill Hitler" | 1:07 |
| 5. | "A Very Unusual Melody" | "Let's Kill Hitler" | 2:52 |
| 6. | "When a River Forms" | "Let's Kill Hitler" | 1:32 |
| 7. | "Pay Attention, Grown Ups" | "Let's Kill Hitler" | 2:10 |
| 8. | "The Enigma of River Song" | "Let's Kill Hitler" | 3:58 |
| 9. | "Bedtime for George" | "Night Terrors" | 2:24 |
| 10. | "Tick Tock Round the Clock" | "Night Terrors" | 2:11 |
| 11. | "A Malevolent Estate" | "Night Terrors" | 3:56 |
| 12. | "Night Terrors" | "Night Terrors" | 1:19 |
| 13. | "Apalapucia" | "The Girl Who Waited" | 1:29 |
| 14. | "36 Years" | "The Girl Who Waited" | 0:55 |
| 15. | "Lost in the Wrong Stream" | "The Girl Who Waited" | 3:25 |
| 16. | "The Hotel Prison" | "The God Complex" | 0:47 |
| 17. | "Room of Your Dreams" | "The God Complex" | 1:21 |
| 18. | "Fear Enough" | "The God Complex" | 1:17 |
| 19. | "What's Left to Be Scared of?" | "The God Complex" | 1:00 |
| 20. | "Rita Praises" | "The God Complex" | 1:07 |
| 21. | "Stormageddon, Dark Lord of All" | "Closing Time" | 1:33 |
| 22. | "Definitely Going" | "Closing Time" | 1:56 |
| 23. | "Over Your Shoulder" | "Closing Time" | 1:11 |
| 24. | "Ladieswear" | "Closing Time" | 0:45 |
| 25. | "Fragrance" | "Closing Time" | 2:17 |
| 26. | "My Time Is Running Out" | "Closing Time" | 4:55 |
| 27. | "Tick Tock (Vocal Track)" | "The Wedding of River Song" | 1:23 |
| 28. | "5:02 PM" | "The Wedding of River Song" | 2:43 |
| 29. | "The Head Of An Enemy" | "The Wedding of River Song" | 1:15 |
| 30. | "My Silence" | "The Wedding of River Song" | 1:12 |
| 31. | "Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart" | "The Wedding of River Song" | 2:19 |
| 32. | "Forgiven" | "The Wedding of River Song" | 2:31 |
| 33. | "Time Is Moving" | "The Wedding of River Song" | 1:31 |
| 34. | "The Wedding of River Song" | "The Wedding of River Song" | 5:32 |
| 35. | "The Majestic Tale (of a Madman in a Box)" | "Day of the Moon" | 4:01 |
| Total length: | | | 73:42 |

## InfoBox

| *Doctor Who* | |
| --- | --- |
| Series 6 | |
| DVD box set cover art | |
| Showrunner | Steven Moffat |
| Starring |  |
| No. of stories | 11 |
| No. of episodes | 13 (+1 special) |
| Release | |
| Original network | BBC One |
| Original release | 23 April (2011-04-23)
1 October 2011 (2011-10-01) |
| Series chronology | |
|


title: Dodge County Courthouse (Nebraska)

abstract: The Dodge County Courthouse in Fremont, Nebraska, at 435 N. Park Ave., was built during 1917–18. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. The courthouse was designed by local architectural firm A.H. Dyer Co. in Classical Revival style.

text:
# Dodge County Courthouse (Nebraska)

The **Dodge County Courthouse** in Fremont, Nebraska, at 435 N. Park Ave., was built during 1917–18. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

The courthouse was designed by local architectural firm A.H. Dyer Co. in Classical Revival style.

Media related to Dodge County Courthouse (Nebraska) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Dodge County Courthouse | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 435 N. Park Ave., Fremont, Nebraska |
| Coordinates | 41°26′00″N 96°29′51″W / 41.43333°N 96.49750°W / 41.43333; -96.49750 (Dodge County Courthouse) |
| Area | 1.5 acres (0.61 ha) |
| Built | 1917-18 |
| Architect | A.H. Dyer Co. |
| Architectural style | Classical Revival |
| MPS | County Courthouses of Nebraska MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 89002208 |
| Added to NRHP | January 10, 1990 |


title: Dodge County, Nebraska

abstract: Dodge County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 37,167. Its county seat is Fremont. The county was formed in 1855 and named after Iowa Senator Augustus C. Dodge. Dodge County comprises the Fremont, NE Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Omaha-Council Bluffs-Fremont, NE-IA Combined Statistical Area. In the Nebraska license plate system, Dodge County is represented by the prefix 5.

text:
# Dodge County, Nebraska

**Dodge County** is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 37,167. Its county seat is Fremont. The county was formed in 1855 and named after Iowa Senator Augustus C. Dodge.

Dodge County comprises the Fremont, NE Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Omaha-Council Bluffs-Fremont, NE-IA Combined Statistical Area.

In the Nebraska license plate system, Dodge County is represented by the prefix 5 (it had the fifth-largest number of vehicles registered in the county when the license plate system was established in 1922).

## Geography

The Elkhorn River runs through the NE part of Dodge County. It drains into the Platte River below the SE corner of the county. The Platte River runs along the south line of Dodge County.

According to the US Census Bureau, the county has an area of 543 square miles (1,410 km2), of which 529 square miles (1,370 km2) is land and 14 square miles (36 km2) (2.6%) is water.

### Major highways

### Transit

### Adjacent counties

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1860 | 309 |  |  |
| 1870 | 4,212 |  | 1,263.1% |
| 1880 | 11,263 |  | 167.4% |
| 1890 | 19,260 |  | 71.0% |
| 1900 | 22,298 |  | 15.8% |
| 1910 | 22,145 |  | −0.7% |
| 1920 | 23,197 |  | 4.8% |
| 1930 | 25,273 |  | 8.9% |
| 1940 | 23,799 |  | −5.8% |
| 1950 | 26,265 |  | 10.4% |
| 1960 | 32,471 |  | 23.6% |
| 1970 | 34,782 |  | 7.1% |
| 1980 | 35,847 |  | 3.1% |
| 1990 | 34,500 |  | −3.8% |
| 2000 | 36,160 |  | 4.8% |
| 2010 | 36,691 |  | 1.5% |
| 2020 | 37,167 |  | 1.3% |
| 2023 (est.) | 37,187 |  | 0.1% |
| US Decennial Census | | | |

As of the 2000 United States Census, there were 36,160 people, 14,433 households, and 9,756 families in the county. The population density was 68 people per square mile (26 people/km2). There were 15,468 housing units at an average density of 29 units per square mile (11/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 95.90% White, 0.43% Black or African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.51% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 2.06% from other races, and 0.72% from two or more races. 3.93% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 48.1% were of German, 7.6% Irish, 5.7% English and 5.4% American ancestry.

There were 14,433 households, out of which 31.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.80% were married couples living together, 8.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.40% were non-families. 27.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.95.

The county population contained 24.70% under the age of 18, 9.60% from 18 to 24, 26.20% from 25 to 44, 21.90% from 45 to 64, and 17.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 93.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.00 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $37,188, and the median income for a family was $44,790. Males had a median income of $31,108 versus $20,915 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,757. About 5.30% of families and 8.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.30% of those under age 18 and 7.10% of those age 65 or over.

## Communities

### Cities

### Villages

### Census-designated place

### Other unincorporated communities

### Bygone cities

### Townships

## Politics and government

Dodge County voters are strongly Republican. In no national election since 1936 has the county selected the Democratic Party candidate.

In the Nebraska Legislature, Dodge County is represented by Lynne Walz. While elections to the Legislature are nonpartisan, Walz is a Democrat.

United States presidential election results for Dodge County, Nebraska
| Year | Republican | | Democratic | | Third party(ies) | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % |
| **2020** | 10,984 | **64.85%** | 5,544 | 32.73% | 410 | 2.42% |
| **2016** | 9,933 | **63.96%** | 4,544 | 29.26% | 1,052 | 6.77% |
| **2012** | 8,995 | **60.17%** | 5,673 | 37.95% | 282 | 1.89% |
| **2008** | 8,557 | **55.03%** | 6,689 | 43.02% | 304 | 1.95% |
| **2004** | 10,716 | **66.26%** | 5,250 | 32.46% | 206 | 1.27% |
| **2000** | 8,871 | **61.30%** | 5,021 | 34.69% | 580 | 4.01% |
| **1996** | 7,484 | **50.95%** | 5,181 | 35.27% | 2,023 | 13.77% |
| **1992** | 7,271 | **44.30%** | 4,667 | 28.44% | 4,474 | 27.26% |
| **1988** | 8,417 | **57.66%** | 6,116 | 41.90% | 64 | 0.44% |
| **1984** | 10,201 | **70.15%** | 4,266 | 29.34% | 74 | 0.51% |
| **1980** | 9,522 | **66.82%** | 3,564 | 25.01% | 1,164 | 8.17% |
| **1976** | 8,982 | **62.03%** | 5,283 | 36.48% | 216 | 1.49% |
| **1972** | 9,837 | **72.00%** | 3,826 | 28.00% | 0 | 0.00% |
| **1968** | 8,059 | **63.78%** | 3,755 | 29.72% | 822 | 6.51% |
| **1964** | 6,812 | **50.30%** | 6,731 | 49.70% | 0 | 0.00% |
| **1960** | 9,638 | **67.21%** | 4,702 | 32.79% | 0 | 0.00% |
| **1956** | 9,210 | **69.26%** | 4,088 | 30.74% | 0 | 0.00% |
| **1952** | 9,256 | **71.54%** | 3,682 | 28.46% | 0 | 0.00% |
| **1948** | 5,848 | **54.56%** | 4,870 | 45.44% | 0 | 0.00% |
| **1944** | 6,803 | **61.39%** | 4,278 | 38.61% | 0 | 0.00% |
| **1940** | 7,141 | **62.51%** | 4,282 | 37.49% | 0 | 0.00% |
| **1936** | 4,561 | 40.22% | 6,317 | **55.71%** | 461 | 4.07% |
| **1932** | 3,489 | 32.14% | 7,247 | **66.76%** | 119 | 1.10% |
| **1928** | 6,250 | **60.59%** | 4,030 | 39.07% | 35 | 0.34% |
| **1924** | 3,798 | **45.63%** | 2,183 | 26.23% | 2,342 | 28.14% |
| **1920** | 4,832 | **70.40%** | 1,799 | 26.21% | 233 | 3.39% |
| **1916** | 2,446 | 46.10% | 2,644 | **49.83%** | 216 | 4.07% |
| **1912** | 1,330 | 29.33% | 1,987 | **43.81%** | 1,218 | 26.86% |
| **1908** | 2,437 | 46.34% | 2,664 | **50.66%** | 158 | 3.00% |
| **1904** | 2,789 | **59.38%** | 1,646 | 35.04% | 262 | 5.58% |
| **1900** | 2,632 | **51.49%** | 2,410 | 47.14% | 70 | 1.37% |

### Law enforcement

The **Dodge County Sheriff's Office** (**DCSO**) is the primary law enforcement agency for Dodge County, Nebraska. The Sheriff's Office is located at 428 N. Broad St in Fremont, Nebraska which is the county seat.

Currently DCSO serves the county and its incorporated cities within the county. The only village that relies solely on DCSO for police services is North Bend, Nebraska which is known as a contract city. All other cities within the county have some type of police department or city marshal.

41°35′N 96°39′W / 41.58°N 96.65°W / 41.58; -96.65

## InfoBox

| Dodge County | |
| --- | --- |
| County | |
| Dodge County Courthouse in Fremont | |
| Location within the U.S. state of Nebraska | |
| Nebraska's location within the U.S. | |
| Coordinates: 41°35′N 96°39′W / 41.58°N 96.65°W / 41.58; -96.65 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Nebraska |
| Founded | 1855 |
| Named for | Augustus C. Dodge |
| Seat | Fremont |
| Largest city | Fremont |
| Area | |
| Total | 543 sq mi (1,410 km2) |
| Land | 529 sq mi (1,370 km2) |
| Water | 14 sq mi (40 km2)  2.6% |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 37,167 |
| Density | 68/sq mi (26/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (Central) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| Congressional district | 1st |
| Website | www.dodgecounty.ne.gov |


title: Aithanahalli

abstract: Aithanahalli is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Piriyapatna taluk of Mysore district.

text:
# Aithanahalli

**Aithanahalli**  is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Piriyapatna taluk of Mysore district.

## InfoBox

| Aithanahalli | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| Aithanahalli is in Mysore district | |
| Country | India |
| State | Karnataka |
| District | Mysore |
| Talukas | Piriyapatna |
| Government | |
| Body | Village Panchayat |
| Languages | |
| Official | Kannada |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-KA |
| Vehicle registration | KA |
| Nearest city | Mysore |
| Civic agency | Village Panchayat |
| Website | karnataka.gov.in |


title: Akihito Hirose

abstract: Akihito Hirose is a Japanese professional shogi player, ranked 9-dan. He is a former Ryūō and Ōi title holder, and is also the first shogi professional to win a major title while attending university.

text:
# Akihito Hirose

**Akihito Hirose** (広瀬 章人, *Hirose Akihito*, born January 18, 1987) is a Japanese professional shogi player, ranked 9-dan. He is a former Ryūō and Ōi title holder, and is also the first shogi professional to win a major title while attending university.

## Early life, education and apprenticehip

Hirose was born in Kōtō, Tokyo on January 18, 1987. He first started playing shogi around the age of four because his father and older brother played the game. His family moved to Sapporo, Hokkaido due to his father's job and he lived there from elementary school grades three through six.

While living in Sapporo, Hirose began studying under some members of the Hokkaido Shogi Association and polishing his skills at local shogi clubs before officially entering the Japan Shogi Association's apprentice school at the rank of 6-kyū as protegee of shogi professional Osamu Katsuura in 1998 while he was a sixth-grade elementary student. For roughly his first year as a shogi apprentice, Hirose commuted by plane twice monthly from Sapporo to the Japan Shogi Association's headquarters in Tokyo to play games against other apprentices.

Hirose was promoted to the rank of 1-dan in 2000, and was officially awarded professional status in April 2005 for winning the 36th 3-dan League with a record of 15 wins and 3 losses.

Hirose graduated from Tokyo Seitoku University High School in March 2005 and decided to continue his education by enrolling in the School of Education of Waseda University and majoring in mathematics. This was quite rare for a professional shogi player to do, but Hirose stated "he wanted to experience many things in addition to shogi" and also wanted to be like his friends who were all moving on to university. Hirose graduated from Waseda in 2011.

## Shogi professional

In 2009, Hirose defeated Taichi Nakamura two games to none to win the 40th Shinjin-Ō for his first non-title tournament victory as a professional. The match was billed as the "Battle of Waseda University Students" because both Hirose and Nakamura were attending Waseda University at the time.

Hirose's first major title appearance came in 2010 when defeated Yoshiharu Habu to earn the right to challenge Kōichi Fukaura for the 51st Ōi title. Hirose went on to defeat Fukaura 4 games to 2 to not only win a major title in his first attempt, but to also become the first shogi professional to win a major title while attending university. He was, however, unable to defend his title the following year against challenger Habu, losing the 52nd Ōi match 4 games to 3. Hirose was leading the match 3 games to 2 after winning Game 5, but was unable to get the fourth win needed to retain his title.

In 2015, Hirose defeated Tatsuya Sugai in the playoff to determine who would challenge Habu for the 56th Ōi title, but ended up losing to Habu 4 games to 1.

In September 2018, Hirose defeated Fukaura 2 games to 1 to win the 31st Ryūō Challenger Match and advance to the title match against defending champion Habu. In the title match against Habu, Hirose lost Games 1, 2 and 5 to trail the match 3 games to 2 before coming back to win the last two games and take the title from Habu.

After twice defeating reigning Meijin Amahiko Satō, Hirose challenged Akira Watanabe in the 44th Kiō title match from February  March 2019. However, Hirose ended up losing to Watanabe 3 games to 1.

Hirose advanced to the finals of JT Nihon Series tournament for the first time in November 2019, but was defeated by defending tournament champion Watanabe in the 40th JT Cup championship on November 17, 2019. A few days later, however, Hirose earned the right to challenge Watanabe for the 69th Ōshō title when he defeated Sōta Fujii in the final game of the Ōshō tournament challenger league to finish league play with 5 wins and 1 loss. In January  March 2020 69th Ōshō title match, Hirose was leading the match 3 games to 2 before Watanabe came back to win the last two games and defend his title.

In the 32nd Ryūō title match (OctoberDecember 2019), Hirose defended his title against challenger Masayuki Toyoshima, the reigning Meijin title holder. Hirose lost the first three games of the match and was never able to recover, losing the match 4 games to 1.

Hirose challenged Sōta Fujii in the 35th Ryūō title match (OctoberDecember 2022). Although Hirose won Game 1, he ended up losing the match 4 games to 2.

### Promotion history

Hirose's promotion history is as follows:

* 6-kyū: 1998
* 1-dan: 2000
* 4-dan: April 1, 2005
* 5-dan: April 1, 2007
* 6-dan: June 11, 2010
* 7-dan: September 2, 2010
* 8-dan: February 13, 2014
* 9-dan: November 16, 2023

### Titles and other championships

Hirose has appeared in a major title match eight times, and has won two titles. In addition to major titles, Hirose has won one other shogi championship.

### Awards and honors

Hirose received the JSA's Annual Shogi Awards for "Fighting-spirit" in 2010 and 2018, "Game of the Year" in 2010 and “Special Game of the Year” in 2019.

### Year-end prize money and game fee ranking

Hirose has finished in the "Top 10" of the JSA's year-end prize money/game fee rankings eight times since turning professional: tenth in 2010 with JPY 21,360,000 in earnings; eighth in 2011 with JPY 20,005,000 in earnings; tenth in 2015 with JPY 20,420,000 in earnings; fifth in 2018 with JPY 28,020,000 in earnings; second in 2019 with JPY 69,840,000 in earnings; fifth with JPY 32,410,000 in earnings in 2020; sixth with JPY 21,660,000 in earnings in 2022; and fourth with JPY 30,660,000 in earnings in 2023.

## InfoBox

| Akihito Hirose | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Native name | 広瀬章人 |
| Born | (1987-01-18) January 18, 1987 |
| Hometown | Sapporo |
| Career | |
| Achieved professional status | April 1, 2005(2005-04-01) (aged 18) |
| Badge Number | 255 |
| Rank | 9-dan |
| Teacher | Osamu Katsuura (9-dan) |
| Major titles won | 2 |
| Tournaments won | 1 |
| Meijin class | B1 |
| Ryūō class | 1 |
| Notable students | Taiki Yamakawa |
| Websites | |
| JSA profile page | |
| Official website | |


title: Akihito (fish)

abstract: Akihito is a genus of gobies native to streams in Vanuatu.

text:
# Akihito (fish)

***Akihito*** is a genus of gobies native to streams in Vanuatu.

## Etymology

This genus is named after Japanese Emperor Akihito who has contributed much to the study of gobies.

## Species

There are currently two recognized species in this genus:

## InfoBox

| *Akihito* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Gobiiformes |
| Family: | Oxudercidae |
| Subfamily: | Sicydiinae |
| Genus: | *Akihito*
Watson, Keith & Marquet, 2007 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Akihito vanuatu*
Watson, Keith & Marquet, 2007 | |


title: Dodoth people

abstract:
The Dodoth are an ethnic group in north eastern Uganda. They belong to the Karamojong Cluster, which also includes the Karamojong and Jie people.
Their language is a dialect of the Karamojong language. Their population is estimated at 129,102.

text:
# Dodoth people

The **Dodoth** (or Dodos) are an ethnic group in north eastern Uganda. They belong to the Karamojong Cluster, which also includes the Karamojong and Jie people. Their language is a dialect of the Karamojong language. Their population is estimated at 129,102 (2014 Census of Uganda).

## Location

The Dodoth live in Kaabong District in the northeast of Uganda, a region of semi-arid savannah, bush and mountains. Their tradition says that they arrived in their current area from the north. In the mid-eighteenth century they separated from the Karamojong and moved northward into more mountainous territory. The heartland of their country is a bowl surrounded by mountains and hills on all sides. The tallest peak, Mount Morungole, is over 9,000 feet (2,700 m) high, near the point where Kenya, Sudan and Uganda converge. The land was once rich in wildlife including lions, elephants, buffalo, giraffes and rhino. Today, a small remnant of this wildlife is preserved in Kidepo National Park.

The climate is harsh. Some rain may fall in April and there is usually a longer rainy season from June to early September, but these rains are not dependable and in some years fail altogether. In good years, the Dodoth mainly live on sorghum and millet. To survive in tough years they depend on livestock - cattle, goats and sheep. As well as providing nutrition, the animals represent wealth, and are central to many aspects of their culture.

## Homesteads

The Dodoth homesteads are usually in valleys, and have dry season pastures on nearby hillsides. Unlike other people of the region, they therefore do not have to migrate with the seasons. Dodoth homesteads are isolated from one another, surrounded by a strong wall made of upright poles with interwoven branches cemented with mud and cow dung. Cattle are kept within the walls at night. A homestead may include up to forty people. Each wife has her own hut and fireplace. Her adolescent daughters will often build their own huts next to their mother's hut. Adolescent boys live in a larger "men's house" until they marry. A woman will often have a small garden near her hut.

## Conflict

The scarcity of resources and high value of cattle have led to a culture where men are noted for their bravery in raiding and warfare and their resultant wealth. Bride prices are paid in cattle. The Dodoth share the habit of constant low-level warfare, mainly to capture cattle, with their neighbors. According to P.H. Gulliver, writing in 1952, "Turkana made war on all their neighbours with the exception of the Jie, with whom they occasionally allied themselves against the Karamajong and the Dodoth. Karamajong similarly made war on all their neighbors with the exception of the Dudoth, with whom they occasionally allied themselves against the Jie. Jie claim friendship with the Toposa, but since they have no common boundaries this would have been of little importance. Toposa and Donyiro did not fight each other, and are known to have formed an alliance against the Turkana. Toposa and Jiye were enemies".

Plans for cattle raids, and other important decisions, are decided by the menfolk, with the views of the elders carrying great weight. The Dodoth are less well armed than their neighbors, and in 1979–81 lost practically all of their cattle to better-armed raiders. In 2004 there were violent clashes between the Dodoth and the Turkana people of Kenya, to the east. Several Turkana were kidnapped and had begun to be integrated into Dodoth families by the time a peace conference was held in 2005. At this conference it was agreed to forget the past and return the captured people.

## InfoBox

Dodoth
| Dodoth Girl in Kaabong | |
| --- | --- |
| Total population | |
| 129,102 (2014, census) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Uganda | |
| Uganda | 129,102 |
| Languages | |
| Karamojong language | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Karamojong people, Jie | |
| ---  The Dodoth are known for their pastoral lifestyle and their involvement in the cattle raiding culture of the region. | |


title: Aneta Stankiewicz

abstract: Aneta Stankiewicz is a Polish sports shooter. She competed in the women's 10 metre air rifle event at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Aneta Stankiewicz

**Aneta Stankiewicz** (born 10 February 1995) is a Polish sports shooter. She competed in the women's 10 metre air rifle event at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Aneta Stankiewicz
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Polish |
| Born | (1995-02-10) 10 February 1995<br>Bydgoszcz, Poland |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Sports shooting |
| Medal record      Shooting  Representing  Poland  European Games  2023 Kraków–Małopolska 10 m air rifle team  European Championships  2024 Győr 10 m air rifle team | |


title: Eight Schools Association

abstract: The Eight Schools Association (ESA) is a group of large private college-preparatory boarding schools in the Northeastern United States. It was formally established in 2006, but has existed in some form since the 1973–74 school year. Although several ESA schools no longer publish their endowment figures, in 2016 the ESA contained seven of the ten wealthiest traditional college-preparatory boarding schools in the United States, as measured by total size of endowment. All eight ESA members commit to provide financial aid equivalent to the full demonstrated need of the U.S. citizen students that they admit, as determined by the schools' respective financial aid departments.

text:
# Eight Schools Association

The **Eight Schools Association** (ESA) is a group of large private college-preparatory boarding schools in the Northeastern United States. It was formally established in 2006, but has existed in some form since the 1973–74 school year. Although several ESA schools no longer publish their endowment figures, in 2016 the ESA contained seven of the ten wealthiest traditional college-preparatory boarding schools in the United States, as measured by total size of endowment. All eight ESA members commit to provide financial aid equivalent to the full demonstrated need of the U.S. citizen students that they admit, as determined by the schools' respective financial aid departments.

## Member schools

| School | Location | Established | Enrollment
(2021-22) | Net Assets (2022) | Boarding
Tuition (2023-24) | Source(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Choate Rosemary Hall (Choate) | Wallingford, CT | 1890 | 868 | $689,816,205 | $67,380 |  |
| Deerfield Academy | Deerfield, MA | 1797 | 653 | $1,071,112,277 | $68,230 |  |
| Hotchkiss School | Lakeville, CT | 1891 | 622 | $665,518,120 | $68,370 |  |
| Lawrenceville School | Lawrenceville, NJ | 1810 | 818 | $937,743,544 | $76,080 |  |
| Northfield Mount Hermon School (NMH) | Gill, MA | 1879 | 650 | $212,391,685 | $72,647 |  |
| Phillips Academy (Andover) | Andover, MA | 1778 | 1,187 | $1,659,942,001 | $69,600 |  |
| Phillips Exeter Academy (Exeter) | Exeter, NH | 1781 | 1,064 | $1,707,863,640 | $64,789 |  |
| St. Paul's School | Concord, NH | 1856 | 542 | $854,514,890 | $65,410 |  |

## History

### 1973–2006: Informal association

During the 1973–74 school year, the heads of Andover, Choate, Deerfield, Exeter, Hotchkiss, Lawrenceville, and St. Paul's agreed to meet on a yearly, albeit informal, basis. After the first meeting, Northfield Mount Hermon was invited to join. According to Choate's website, the purpose of the ESA was "to show a connection between these \[member\] schools in academic philosophy, admissions standards, and athletic pursuits."

In 1996, the ESA agreed to add a second annual meeting to its calendar, with one meeting for the heads of school and the other for representatives of each school's boards of trustees.

The ESA will not expand unless the eight member schools unanimously agree, and no new members have been added since 1974.

### 2006–present: Formalized group

In April 2006, the ESA schools established a more formal administrative structure, appointing a president, vice president, and executive director. These roles were staffed by administrators of the member schools (i.e., not full-time ESA employees), who would rotate every three years. The ESA also adopted bylaws which state that the ESA's primary purpose is to "address critical educational issues in order to ensure the best educational experiences and outcomes for students, explore new research and trends in education, and develop collaborative programs."

The ESA heads have continued their annual meetings since formalizing the ESA. Topics discussed at ESA meetings include economic difficulties in the private school industry, ways to improve boarding school affordability, and the economic feasibility of need-blind admissions. Previous invitees and speakers at these meetings include Harvard Graduate School of Education professor James P. Honan, former Dartmouth College president James Wright, journalist Steven Brill, and education policy specialists.

## Financial resources

Although several ESA schools no longer publish their endowment figures, in 2016 the ESA contained seven of the ten wealthiest traditional college-preparatory boarding schools in the United States, as measured by total size of endowment. (In 2017, the endowments of Kamehameha Schools in Hawaii ($11.0 billion) and the Milton Hershey School in Pennsylvania ($13.7 billion) were each larger than that of all the ESA schools combined. However, those two schools focus on educating specific subsets of the American population: Native Hawaiians and low-income students. Reflecting their different financial models, they also charge much lower tuition than the ESA schools—in Milton Hershey's case, none.)

Reflecting these financial resources, as of the 2023–24 school year, all eight ESA members commit to provide financial aid equivalent to the full demonstrated need of the U.S. citizen students that they admit.

## Attempts at closer collaboration

### Athletics

Although the ESA schools are geographically dispersed, making it somewhat impractical to schedule consistent sports matchups, several ESA schools have sought to schedule each other in out-of-conference play. The ESA held wrestling and basketball tournaments in 2007 and 2009. In 2015–16, the six ESA members closest to Boston (that is, all except Hotchkiss and Lawrenceville) announced their intention to start a new athletic conference. However, the schools did not register their conference with the New England Preparatory School Athletic Council, and as of 2024, several of these schools remain affiliated with other conferences.

### Student and faculty cooperation

After formalizing the ESA, the schools identified several possible ideas for future cooperation, such as "a debate invitational, a joint literary publication, athletic play days, \[\] a musical group jamboree," and "collaborating on critical issues like pandemic preparedness."

In the years immediately following the establishment of the ESA, the group conducted several joint projects:

* **Faculty conferences.** The schools have occasionally scheduled faculty conferences, such as the 2007 arts conference, the 2010 science conference, the 2010 language/cultural conference, and the 2012 and 2013 education technology conferences.
* **Student publications.** In August 2007, Deerfield published *8 × 8: Writings from the Eight School Association,* a collection of student writing curated by teachers and student editors at the ESA schools. In the preface, Deerfield's head wrote that she hoped future editions of the collection would "fost\[er\] intellectual relationships among its members." In 2019, Andover's student newspaper attempted to survey the student bodies of all eight ESA schools, but for various reasons, four of the eight schools did not participate.
* **Arts festivals.** ESA schools have also hosted a jazz festival (April 2008) and drama festivals (April 2010).
* **Student competitions.** As of 2010, ESA administrators were planning a "green campus" competition to encourage students to participate in environmental initiatives.


title: Eight Row

abstract: Eight Row was a restaurant in Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington. Established in 2019, the restaurant served American cuisine. It closed in 2024.

text:
# Eight Row

**Eight Row** was a restaurant in Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington. Established in 2019, the restaurant served American cuisine. It closed in 2024.

## Reception

In 2022 and 2023, executive chef David Nichols was nominated in the Best Chef: Northwest and Pacific category by the James Beard Foundation Awards. In 2024, Eight Row was nominated in the Outstanding Wine and Beverage Program category.

## InfoBox

| Eight Row | |
| --- | --- |
| The restaurant's interior | |
|  | |
| Restaurant information | |
| Established | 2019 (2019) |
| Closed | 2024 (2024) |
| Owner(s) | David and Ian Nichols |
| Head chef | David Nichols |
| Food type | American |
| Street address | 7102 Woodlawn Avenue NE |
| City | Seattle |
| County | King |
| State | Washington |
| Postal/ZIP Code | 98115 |
| Country | United States |
| Coordinates | 47°40′49″N 122°19′28″W / 47.680139°N 122.324449°W / 47.680139; -122.324449 |
| Website | www.eightrow.com |


title: André J. Cointreau

abstract: André J. Cointreau is the president and CEO of l’Ecole de Cuisine et de Pâtisserie Le Cordon Bleu, better known as Le Cordon Bleu. During his tenure, he has shifted the Le Cordon Bleu business from one school in Paris to a multinational concern with nearly 30 schools in 15 countries.

text:
# André J. Cointreau

**André J. Cointreau** is the president and CEO of l’Ecole de Cuisine et de Pâtisserie Le Cordon Bleu, better known as Le Cordon Bleu. During his tenure, he has shifted the Le Cordon Bleu business from one school in Paris to a multinational concern with nearly 30 schools in 15 countries.

## Early life and career

Cointreau is a direct descendant of the family that created and marketed Cointreau liqueur. He holds degrees from the Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC) and Sciences Po, Paris (Sciences Politique). Cointreau began his career with Unilever and later The American Express Banking Corporation before he joined the family business as a commercial director in 1977 amid battles for control of the liquor magnate by the controlling families. Cointreau struck on his own in 1984, buying Le Cordon Bleu from Madame Elisabeth Brassart, an old family friend. He went on to become chairman and managing director of the family company Pages, and secretary general of Cognacs Frapin. He was also involved in the holding company that was created to manage the family owned assets of Rémy Martin and Cointreau. He stayed in the family business until 1984 following disputes over control of the firm between Cointreau and Rémy Martin.

Among other activities within the food and wine world, Cointreau helped to create the Science and Food Culture Foundation within the Académie des Sciences, and the Institute des Hautes Etudes du Goût (HEG) in conjunction with Reims University.

He also serves as CEO of Pierre Deux, a retail business focusing on French country decor and furnishings which he acquired in 1993; his wife, Hedwidge Cointreau de Bouteville, runs the Pierre Deux stores of which there are 20 based around France, the United States and Japan.

## Awards

In 2003, he was awarded “Person of the Year” by the Federation of Alliances Francaises of the US. In 2005, he received the Hall of Fame award for his contribution to the International Food & Beverage Forum. In 2008, Cointreau was awarded the Légion d’Honneur from the Foundation Alliance francaise for his contributions and accomplishments as head of Le Cordon Bleu and "for his unique educational concept."


title: André Isidore Carey

abstract: André Isidore Carey was a French ballet dancer. A student of Auguste Vestris, he arrived in Stockholm in 1815 as premier danseur in the Royal Swedish Ballet until 1823. He débuted in December 1815 in La Fille mal gardée by Jean Dauberval, choreographed by Jean-Baptiste Brulo and with a company also including Sophie Daguin. In 1820, he succeeded Filippo Taglioni as ballet master and dance director. After leaving Sweden, Carey danced and choreographed in Warsaw during the 1823–24 season. From December 1823 to April 1824, he staged four ballets on the stage of the National Theater in Warsaw: New Narcissus, La Fille mal gardée, Le Barbier de Séville and Return from the War. He was accompanied by his wife, Joséphine Sainte-Claire, as the first dancer of the Warsaw company. Later he also worked in Milan and Naples in 1828–29, Moscow in 1838 and finally setting up home in Amsterdam, where he was partner to Madame Montessu. His date of retirement is unknown. For a long while he corresponded with August Bournonville who was teaching Carey's sons Gustave and Édouard. He married the French ballerina Josephine Sainte-Claire in Stockholm in 1821.

text:
# André Isidore Carey

**André Isidore Carey** (c. 1790, Paris – ?) was a French ballet dancer. A student of Auguste Vestris, he arrived in Stockholm in 1815 as premier danseur in the Royal Swedish Ballet until 1823. He débuted in December 1815 in *La Fille mal gardée* by Jean Dauberval, choreographed by Jean-Baptiste Brulo and with a company also including Sophie Daguin.

In 1820, he succeeded Filippo Taglioni as ballet master and dance director. After leaving Sweden, Carey danced and choreographed in Warsaw during the 1823–24 season. From December 1823 to April 1824, he staged four ballets on the stage of the National Theater in Warsaw: *New Narcissus*, *La Fille mal gardée*, *Le Barbier de Séville* and *Return from the War.* He was accompanied by his wife, Joséphine Sainte-Claire, as the first dancer of the Warsaw company. Later he also worked in Milan and Naples in 1828–29, Moscow in 1838 and finally setting up home in Amsterdam, where he was partner to Madame Montessu. His date of retirement is unknown. For a long while he corresponded with August Bournonville who was teaching Carey's sons Gustave and Édouard.

He married the French ballerina Josephine Sainte-Claire in Stockholm in 1821.


title: 1959 Tour de Suisse

abstract: The 1959 Tour de Suisse was the 23rd edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 12 June to 18 June 1959. The race started and finished in Zürich. The race was won by Hans Junkermann.

text:
# 1959 Tour de Suisse

The **1959 Tour de Suisse** was the 23rd edition of the Tour de Suisse cycle race and was held from 12 June to 18 June 1959. The race started and finished in Zürich. The race was won by Hans Junkermann.

## General classification

| **Final general classification**  Rank Rider Time  1  Hans Junkermann (FRG) 37h 57' 24"  2  Henry Anglade (FRA) \+ 10' 19"  3  Federico Bahamontes (ESP) \+ 10' 45"  4  Giorgio Tinazzi (ITA) \+ 12' 09"  5  Jean Dotto (FRA) \+ 16' 39"  6  Friedhelm Fischerkeller (FRG) \+ 28' 18"  7  Martin van der Borgh (NED) \+ 32' 52"  8  Kurt Gimmi (SUI) \+ 35' 27"  9  Jean-Claude Grèt (SUI) \+ 43' 06"  10  Alfred Rüegg (SUI) \+ 44' 47" |
| --- |

## InfoBox

1959 Tour de Suisse
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 12–18 June 1959 |
| Stages | 7 |
| Distance | 1,317 km (818.3 mi) |
| Winning time | 37h 57' 24" |
| Results | |
| Winner  Hans Junkermann (FRG)  Second  Henry Anglade (FRA)  Third  Federico Bahamontes (ESP) | |
|


title: 1964 Stanley Cup Finals

abstract: The 1964 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1963–64 season, and the culmination of the 1964 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested between the defending champion Toronto Maple Leafs and the Detroit Red Wings for the second straight year. The Maple Leafs overcame a 3-2 series deficit to defeat the Red Wings in seven games for their third-straight championship. It was the second Stanley Cup three-peat by the Maple Leafs. As of 2023, this was the last time the Stanley Cup Finals had ended before the month of May. There would not be another game seven at Maple Leaf Gardens for almost three decades.

text:
# 1964 Stanley Cup Finals

The **1964 Stanley Cup Finals** was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 1963–64 season, and the culmination of the 1964 Stanley Cup playoffs. It was contested between the defending champion Toronto Maple Leafs and the Detroit Red Wings for the second straight year. The Maple Leafs overcame a 3-2 series deficit to defeat the Red Wings in seven games for their third-straight championship. It was the second Stanley Cup three-peat by the Maple Leafs.

As of 2023, this was the last time the Stanley Cup Finals had ended before the month of May. There would not be another game seven at Maple Leaf Gardens for almost three decades.

## Paths to the Finals

Toronto defeated the Montreal Canadiens 4–3 to advance to the finals and Detroit defeated the Chicago Black Hawks 4–3.

## Game summaries

This series is famous for the courageous play of Bob Baun. In game six of the Final, he took a Gordie Howe slapshot on his ankle and had to leave play. He returned in overtime and scored the winning goal. He also played in game seven despite the pain and only after the series was over, was it revealed that he had played on a fractured ankle.

Until the 2008–09 Final, John MacMillan was the only player to play in back-to-back Finals with different teams in successive series that pitted the same teams against each other. MacMillan won the Cup with the 1963 Toronto Maple Leafs in a five-game decision over Detroit and then lost the 1964 Cup Final to the Leafs as a member of the Red Wings.

| April 11 | Detroit Red Wings |  | **2–3** |  | **Toronto Maple Leafs** | Maple Leaf Gardens | Recap |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bruce MacGregor (3) - 4:31
Gordie Howe (6) - *pp* \- 10:25 | | **First period** | | | 4:44 - George Armstrong (2) | | |
| *No scoring* | | **Second period** | | | *No scoring* | | |
| *No scoring* | | **Third period** | | | 4:02 - *pp* \- George Armstrong (3)
19:58 - *sh* \- Bob Pulford (3) | | |
| Terry Sawchuck | | **Goalie stats** | | | Johnny Bower | | |

| April 14 | **Detroit Red Wings** |  | **4–3** | **OT** | Toronto Maple Leafs | Maple Leaf Gardens | Recap |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Norm Ullman (7) - 12:43 | | **First period** | | | 4:41 - Allan Stanley (1) | | |
| Eddie Joyal (1) - 3:19
Floyd Smith (2) - *pp* \- 16:15 | | **Second period** | | | *No scoring* | | |
| *No scoring* | | **Third period** | | | 11:57 - Red Kelly (3)
19:17 - Gerry Ehman (1) | | |
| Larry Jeffrey (1) - 7:52 | | **First overtime period** | | | *No scoring* | | |
| Terry Sawchuck | | **Goalie stats** | | | Johnny Bower | | |

| April 16 | Toronto Maple Leafs |  | **3–4** |  | **Detroit Red Wings** | Olympia Stadium | Recap |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *No scoring* | | **First period** | | | 2:40 - Floyd Smith (3)
3:38 - Bruce MacGregor (4)
14:47 - *pp* \- Floyd Smith (4) | | |
| Andy Bathgate (3) - *pp* \- 4:16 | | **Second period** | | | *No scoring* | | |
| Dave Keon (4) - 7:34
Don McKenney (4) - 18:47 | | **Third period** | | | 19:43 - Alex Delvecchio (3) | | |
| Johnny Bower | | **Goalie stats** | | | Terry Sawchuck | | |

| April 18 | **Toronto Maple Leafs** |  | **4–2** |  | Detroit Red Wings | Olympia Stadium | Recap |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Dave Keon (5) - 5:45 | | **First period** | | | *No scoring* | | |
| Dave Keon (6) - *pp* \- 16:09 | | **Second period** | | | 5:57 - Bruce MacGregor (5)
13:05 - *pp* \- Gordie Howe (7) | | |
| Andy Bathgate (4) - 10:55
Frank Mahovlich (4) - 18:09 | | **Third period** | | | *No scoring* | | |
| Johnny Bower | | **Goalie stats** | | | Terry Sawchuck | | |

| April 21 | **Detroit Red Wings** |  | **2–1** |  | Toronto Maple Leafs | Maple Leaf Gardens | Recap |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Gordie Howe (8) - 10:52 | | **First period** | | | *No scoring* | | |
| *No scoring* | | **Second period** | | | *No scoring* | | |
| Eddie Joyal (2) - 7:50 | | **Third period** | | | 14:57 - *pp* \- George Armstrong (4) | | |
| Terry Sawchuck | | **Goalie stats** | | | Johnny Bower | | |

| April 23 | **Toronto Maple Leafs** |  | **4–3** | **OT** | Detroit Red Wings | Olympia Stadium | Recap |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bob Pulford (4) - *sh* \- 17:01 | | **First period** | | | *No scoring* | | |
| Bob Pulford (5) - 14:36
Billy Harris (1) - 17:48 | | **Second period** | | | 4:20 - Paul Henderson (2)
10:56 - *pp* \- Pit Martin (1)
15:56 - Gordie Howe (9) | | |
| *No scoring* | | **Third period** | | | *No scoring* | | |
| Bob Baun (2) - 1:43 | | **First overtime period** | | | *No scoring* | | |
| Johnny Bower | | **Goalie stats** | | | Terry Sawchuck | | |

| April 25 | Detroit Red Wings |  | **0–4** |  | **Toronto Maple Leafs** | Maple Leaf Gardens | Recap |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *No scoring* | | **First period** | | | 3:04 - Andy Bathgate (5) | | |
| *No scoring* | | **Second period** | | | *No scoring* | | |
| *No scoring* | | **Third period** | | | 4:26 - Dave Keon (7)
5:53 - Red Kelly (4)
15:26 - George Armstrong (5) | | |
| Terry Sawchuck | | **Goalie stats** | | | Johnny Bower | | |

| ***Toronto won series 4–3*** |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |

## Stanley Cup engraving

The 1964 Stanley Cup was presented to Maple Leafs captain George Armstrong by NHL President Clarence Campbell following the Maple Leafs 4–0 win over the Red Wings in game seven.

The following Maple Leafs players and staff had their names engraved on the Stanley Cup

**1963–64 Toronto Maple Leafs**

### Players

Centres     Wingers     Defencemen     Goaltenders

### Coaching and administrative staff

### Stanley Cup engraving

* Frank "King" Clancy name was misspelled on the Stanley Cup as FRANK KING CLANCE ASST COACH GEN MAN. In 1992–93 the mistake was corrected on the newly created Replica Cup.
* † Played in the Stanley Cup Finals qualifying to be on the cup, but name was left off the Stanley Cup. Players spent most of season in the minors.
* †† #19 Kent Douglas played 43 games for Toronto. He name was left off the Stanley Cup, because he played in the minors during the playoffs.
* Bob Davidson (Chief Scout), Dr. Karl Elieff (Physiotherapist), Dr. Jame Murphy, Dr. Hugh Smythe (Team Doctors) - left off
* (Also see 1965 Montreal about Toronto 1962-63-64 engravings).

## InfoBox

| 1964 Stanley Cup Finals | |
| --- | --- |
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total  Detroit Red Wings 2 **4*** **4** 2 **2** 3\* 0 3  **Toronto Maple Leafs** **3** 3\* 3 **4** 1 **4*** **4** **4** | |
| * indicates periods of overtime. | |
| Location(s) | Toronto: Maple Leaf Gardens (1, 2, 5, 7)
Detroit: Olympia Stadium (3, 4, 6) |
| Coaches | Detroit: Sid Abel
Toronto: Punch Imlach |
| Captains | Detroit: Alex Delvecchio
Toronto: George Armstrong |
| Dates | April 11–25, 1964 |
| Series-winning goal | Andy Bathgate (3:04, first, G7) |
| Hall of Famers | **Red Wings:**
Alex Delvecchio (1977)
Bill Gadsby (1970)
Gordie Howe (1972)
Marcel Pronovost (1978)
Terry Sawchuk (1971)
Norm Ullman (1982)
**Maple Leafs:**
Al Arbour (1996, builder)
George Armstrong (1975)
Andy Bathgate (1978)
Johnny Bower (1976)
Tim Horton (1977)
Red Kelly (1969)
Dave Keon (1986)
Frank Mahovlich (1981)
Bob Pulford (1991)
Allan Stanley (1981)
**Coaches:**
Sid Abel (1969, player)
Punch Imlach (1984) |
|  | |