title: 1986 Portuguese Grand Prix

abstract: The 1986 Portuguese Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Estoril on 21 September 1986. It was the fourteenth race of the 1986 FIA Formula One World Championship. The 70-lap race was won by British driver Nigel Mansell, driving a Williams-Honda. Brazilian Ayrton Senna took pole position in his Lotus-Renault, but Mansell passed him at the start and led the entire race, also setting the fastest race lap. Senna held on to second place until he ran out of fuel on the final lap and dropped to fourth, promoting Frenchman Alain Prost in the McLaren-TAG to second and Mansell's Brazilian teammate Nelson Piquet to third. The win, Mansell's fifth of the season, gave him a ten-point lead in the Drivers' Championship with two races remaining, with Piquet second and Prost a further point back in third. Senna's final-lap misfortune ended his challenge for the title. The win also secured the Constructors' Championship for Williams, their third in all.

text:
# 1986 Portuguese Grand Prix

The **1986 Portuguese Grand Prix** was a Formula One motor race held at Estoril on 21 September 1986. It was the fourteenth race of the 1986 FIA Formula One World Championship.

The 70-lap race was won by British driver Nigel Mansell, driving a Williams-Honda. Brazilian Ayrton Senna took pole position in his Lotus-Renault, but Mansell passed him at the start and led the entire race, also setting the fastest race lap. Senna held on to second place until he ran out of fuel on the final lap and dropped to fourth, promoting Frenchman Alain Prost in the McLaren-TAG to second and Mansell's Brazilian teammate Nelson Piquet to third.

The win, Mansell's fifth of the season, gave him a ten-point lead in the Drivers' Championship with two races remaining, with Piquet second and Prost a further point back in third. Senna's final-lap misfortune ended his challenge for the title. The win also secured the Constructors' Championship for Williams, their third in all.

## Classification

### Qualifying

| Pos | No | Driver | Constructor | Q1 | Q2 | Gap |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 12 | Ayrton Senna | Lotus-Renault | 1:19.943 | **1:16.673** |  |
| 2 | 5 | Nigel Mansell | Williams-Honda | 1:19.047 | **1:17.489** | +0.816 |
| 3 | 1 | Alain Prost | McLaren-TAG | 1:19.692 | **1:17.710** | +1.037 |
| 4 | 20 | Gerhard Berger | Benetton-BMW | 1:19.923 | **1:17.742** | +1.069 |
| 5 | 19 | Teo Fabi | Benetton-BMW | 1:20.957 | **1:18.071** | +1.398 |
| 6 | 6 | Nelson Piquet | Williams-Honda | 1:19.410 | **1:18.180** | +1.507 |
| 7 | 2 | Keke Rosberg | McLaren-TAG | 1:20.556 | **1:18.360** | +1.687 |
| 8 | 28 | Stefan Johansson | Ferrari | 1:21.621 | **1:19.332** | +2.659 |
| 9 | 7 | Riccardo Patrese | Brabham-BMW | 1:21.257 | **1:19.637** | +2.964 |
| 10 | 25 | René Arnoux | Ligier-Renault | 1:21.876 | **1:19.657** | +2.984 |
| 11 | 26 | Philippe Alliot | Ligier-Renault | 1:21.693 | **1:19.769** | +3.096 |
| 12 | 8 | Derek Warwick | Brabham-BMW | 1:23.455 | **1:19.882** | +3.209 |
| 13 | 27 | Michele Alboreto | Ferrari | 1:21.123 | **1:20.019** | +3.346 |
| 14 | 16 | Patrick Tambay | Lola-Ford | 1:22.396 | **1:20.761** | +4.088 |
| 15 | 11 | Johnny Dumfries | Lotus-Renault | 1:23.778 | **1:21.594** | +4.921 |
| 16 | 23 | Andrea de Cesaris | Minardi-Motori Moderni | 1:23.361 | **1:21.611** | +4.938 |
| 17 | 15 | Alan Jones | Lola-Ford | 1:22.612 | **1:21.646** | +4.973 |
| 18 | 24 | Alessandro Nannini | Minardi-Motori Moderni | 1:24.724 | **1:21.702** | +5.029 |
| 19 | 3 | Martin Brundle | Tyrrell-Renault | 1:25.114 | **1:21.835** | +5.162 |
| 20 | 14 | Jonathan Palmer | Zakspeed | 1:23.941 | **1:21.929** | +5.256 |
| 21 | 18 | Thierry Boutsen | Arrows-BMW | 1:23.412 | **1:22.068** | +5.395 |
| 22 | 17 | Christian Danner | Arrows-BMW | 1:24.665 | **1:22.274** | +5.601 |
| 23 | 4 | Philippe Streiff | Tyrrell-Renault | 1:23.895 | **1:22.388** | +5.715 |
| 24 | 21 | Piercarlo Ghinzani | Osella-Alfa Romeo | 1:26.552 | **1:23.566** | +6.893 |
| 25 | 31 | Ivan Capelli | AGS-Motori Moderni | 1:25.795 | **1:23.987** | +7.314 |
| 26 | 29 | Huub Rothengatter | Zakspeed | 1:25.928 | **1:24.105** | +7.432 |
| 27 | 22 | Allen Berg | Osella-Alfa Romeo | 1:29.724 | **1:26.861** | +10.188 |

### Race

| Pos | No | Driver | Constructor | Laps | Time/Retired | Grid | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 5 | **Nigel Mansell** | **Williams-Honda** | 70 | 1:37:21.900 | 2 | **9** |
| 2 | 1 | **Alain Prost** | **McLaren-TAG** | 70 | \+ 18.772 | 3 | **6** |
| 3 | 6 | **Nelson Piquet** | **Williams-Honda** | 70 | \+ 49.274 | 6 | **4** |
| 4 | 12 | **Ayrton Senna** | **Lotus-Renault** | 69 | Out of Fuel | 1 | **3** |
| 5 | 27 | **Michele Alboreto** | **Ferrari** | 69 | \+ 1 Lap | 13 | **2** |
| 6 | 28 | **Stefan Johansson** | **Ferrari** | 69 | \+ 1 Lap | 8 | **1** |
| 7 | 25 | René Arnoux | Ligier-Renault | 69 | \+ 1 Lap | 10 |  |
| 8 | 19 | Teo Fabi | Benetton-BMW | 68 | \+ 2 Laps | 5 |  |
| 9 | 11 | Johnny Dumfries | Lotus-Renault | 68 | \+ 2 Laps | 15 |  |
| 10 | 18 | Thierry Boutsen | Arrows-BMW | 67 | \+ 3 Laps | 21 |  |
| 11 | 17 | Christian Danner | Arrows-BMW | 67 | \+ 3 Laps | 22 |  |
| 12 | 14 | Jonathan Palmer | Zakspeed | 67 | \+ 3 Laps | 20 |  |
| 13 | 22 | Allen Berg | Osella-Alfa Romeo | 63 | \+ 7 Laps | 27 |  |
| Ret | 7 | Riccardo Patrese | Brabham-BMW | 62 | Engine | 9 |  |
| NC | 16 | Patrick Tambay | Lola-Ford | 62 | \+ 8 Laps | 14 |  |
| Ret | 24 | Alessandro Nannini | Minardi-Motori Moderni | 60 | Gearbox | 18 |  |
| Ret | 20 | Gerhard Berger | Benetton-BMW | 44 | Spun Off | 4 |  |
| Ret | 23 | Andrea de Cesaris | Minardi-Motori Moderni | 43 | Spun Off | 16 |  |
| Ret | 2 | Keke Rosberg | McLaren-TAG | 41 | Electrical | 7 |  |
| Ret | 8 | Derek Warwick | Brabham-BMW | 41 | Electrical | 12 |  |
| Ret | 26 | Philippe Alliot | Ligier-Renault | 39 | Engine | 11 |  |
| Ret | 4 | Philippe Streiff | Tyrrell-Renault | 28 | Engine | 23 |  |
| Ret | 3 | Martin Brundle | Tyrrell-Renault | 18 | Engine | 19 |  |
| Ret | 15 | Alan Jones | Lola-Ford | 10 | Brakes/Spin | 17 |  |
| Ret | 29 | Huub Rothengatter | Zakspeed | 9 | Transmission | 26 |  |
| Ret | 21 | Piercarlo Ghinzani | Osella-Alfa Romeo | 8 | Engine | 24 |  |
| Ret | 31 | Ivan Capelli | AGS-Motori Moderni | 6 | Transmission | 25 |  |
| Source: | | | | | | | |

## Championship standings after the race

* **Bold text** indicates the World Champions.

* **Note**: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.

## InfoBox

| 1986 Portuguese Grand Prix | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Race 14 of 16 in the 1986 Formula One World Championship | | | |
|  | | | |
| Race details | | | |
| Date | 21 September 1986 | | |
| Official name | 15º Grande Prémio de Portugal | | |
| Location | Autódromo do Estoril<br>Estoril, Portugal | | |
| Course | Permanent racing facility | | |
| Course length | 4.35 km (2.703 miles) | | |
| Distance | 70 laps, 304.5 km (189.208 miles) | | |
| Weather | Dry | | |
| Pole position | | | |
| Driver |  | Lotus-Renault |
| Time | 1:16.673 | | |
| Fastest lap | | | |
| Driver | Nigel Mansell | Williams-Honda |
| Time | 1:20.943 on lap 53 | | |
| Podium | | | |
| First |  | Williams-Honda |
| Second |  | McLaren-TAG |
| Third |  | Williams-Honda |
| Lap leaders * | | | |


title: Aphanopora echinobrissoides

abstract: Aphanopora echinobrissoides is a species of sea urchin of the family Neolampadidae. Their armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus Aphanopora and lives in the sea. Aphanopora echinobrissoides was first scientifically described in 1903 by de Meijere.

text:
# Aphanopora echinobrissoides

***Aphanopora echinobrissoides*** is a species of sea urchin of the family Neolampadidae. Their armour is covered with spines. It is placed in the genus *Aphanopora* and lives in the sea. *Aphanopora echinobrissoides* was first scientifically described in 1903 by de Meijere.

## InfoBox

| *Aphanopora echinobrissoides* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Echinodermata |
| Class: | Echinoidea |
| Order: | Cassiduloida |
| Family: | Neolampadidae |
| Genus: | *Aphanopora* |
| Species: | ***A. echinobrissoides*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aphanopora echinobrissoides***<br>(de Meijere, 1903) | |
|


title: Aonidomytilus crookiae

abstract: Aonidomytilus crookiae is a species of scale insect in the family Diaspididae which are often referred to as "armored scale insects." It is commonly known as "St. John's Wort Scale." Originally named Nelaspis crookiae by Gordon Floyd Ferris in 1954, the taxon was moved to the genus Aonidomytilus in 1984 as the result of a 1979 taxonomic revision of the genus. Aonidomytilus multiglandulatus is a junior synonym. The scale of the female is approximately 1/10th of an inch (2.3mm) in length, oyster shell shaped, light brown in color turning yellowish white toward the apex, with orange yellow exuviae attached apically. The body of the female insect under the scale is slender and spindle-shaped, with lobed ventral margins. Their eggs are light purple in color. A. crookiae parasitizes plants in the genus Cistus in the rockrose family Cistaceae and the genus Hypericum in the family Hypericaceae including Hypericum microsepalum and H. prolificum. The species' geographic distribution includes the U.S. states Maryland, Virginia, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio, and probably adjacent states.

text:
# Aonidomytilus crookiae

***Aonidomytilus crookiae*** is a species of scale insect in the family Diaspididae which are often referred to as "armored scale insects." It is commonly known as "St. John's Wort Scale." Originally named *Nelaspis crookiae* by Gordon Floyd Ferris in 1954, the taxon was moved to the genus *Aonidomytilus* in 1984 as the result of a 1979 taxonomic revision of the genus. *Aonidomytilus multiglandulatus* is a junior synonym.

The scale of the female is approximately 1/10th of an inch (2.3mm) in length, oyster shell shaped, light brown in color turning yellowish white toward the apex, with orange yellow exuviae attached apically. The body of the female insect under the scale is slender and spindle-shaped, with lobed ventral margins. Their eggs are light purple in color.

*A. crookiae* parasitizes plants in the genus *Cistus* in the rockrose family Cistaceae and the genus *Hypericum* in the family Hypericaceae including *Hypericum microsepalum* and *H. prolificum*.

The species' geographic distribution includes the U.S. states Maryland, Virginia, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio, and probably adjacent states.

## InfoBox

| *Aonidomytilus crookiae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Hexapoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Family: | Diaspididae |
| Subfamily: | Diaspidinae |
| Tribe: | Lepidosaphidini |
| Genus: | *Aonidomytilus* |
| Species: | ***A. crookiae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aonidomytilus crookiae***<br>(Ferris, 1954) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Aonidomytilus multiglandulatus* (Kosztarab, 1963) | |


title: Elizabeth Selvin

abstract: Elizabeth Selvin is an American diabetes epidemiologist. She is a full professor of epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

text:
# Elizabeth Selvin

**Elizabeth Selvin** (born 1977) is an American diabetes epidemiologist. She is a full professor of epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

## Early life and education

Selvin was born to parents Nancy Selvin and Steve Selvin. She earned her Bachelor of Arts degree from Northwestern University in 1999 before enrolling at the University of Michigan School of Public Health for her M.P.H. and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health for her PhD. While studying at Northwestern, Selvin collaborated with professor Burton Weisbrod to propose amendments to public policy surrounding non-profit health care providers.

## Career

Upon earning her PhD, Selvin joined the faculty at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health as a post-doctoral fellow where she began to research diabetes and heart risks. She led a research project in her first year as a faculty member which found that lowering glucose levels in patients with diabetes could greatly reduce their risk to heart disease. She continued to research risks associated with diabetes and concluded in 2006 that the age of which a patient is diagnosed with diabetes drastically affected their treatment plans. As the lead author, she analyzed data from 1999-2002 of 2,809 elderly people to create a national sample size of the prevalence of diabetes among elderly persons in the general American population. In 2013, she received the Harry Keen Memorial Award from the International Diabetes Epidemiology Group.

As an associate professor, Selvin led a research project which found that diabetes had increased in the United States since 1988. Due to these findings, Selvin and her research team proposed wide range screenings and treatments for blacks, Hispanics, and the elderly, who were more dramatically affected. In the same year, she also led the world's longest diabetes study focusing on a cross-section of adults as they age. The result of the study found that diabetes aged people's minds five years faster than average. In order to assist in diagnosing people with the disease, she co-developed a method to use A1C as a diagnostic tool for diabetes. When asked about the process, she said "the current evidence supports similar interpretation of A1C test results in black and white populations for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. Pragmatically, we can use a combination of fasting glucose and A1C to diagnose diabetes while paying attention to any discordance."

In 2018, Selvin published a paper in the journal *Annals of Internal Medicine* titled "Prognostic Implications of Single-Sample Confirmatory Testing for Undiagnosed Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study," which led to revised clinical guidelines by the American Diabetes Association. Her study found that type 1 and type 2 diabetes could be diagnosed using a single blood sample, instead of two separate ones. In 2020, Selvin was the recipient of the Kelly West Award from the American Diabetes Association in recognition of her "significant contributions to the field of diabetes epidemiology."

## InfoBox

| Elizabeth Selvin | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1977 (age 4647) |
| Relatives | Nancy Selvin (mother)
Steve Selvin (father) |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Education | BA., 1999, Northwestern University
M.P.H., 2001, University of Michigan School of Public Health
PhD, 2004, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health |
| Thesis | *Coronary heart disease and glycemic control* (2004) |
| Academic work | |
| Institutions | Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health |
|  | |


title: Apple Pie (TV series)

abstract: Apple Pie is an American sitcom that aired for only two episodes on ABC on September 23 and September 30, 1978.

text:
# Apple Pie (TV series)

***Apple Pie*** is an American sitcom that aired for only two episodes on ABC on September 23 and September 30, 1978.

## Overview

Rue McClanahan starred as Ginger-Nell Hollyhock, a single and lonely hairdresser who lives in Kansas City, Missouri, during the Great Depression year of 1933. When Ginger-Nell places classified ads in the local newspapers, she recruits a group of wacky relatives – "a con-man husband, Fast Eddie Murtaugh; a tap-dancing daughter, Anna Marie Hollyhock; a son who wanted to fly like a bird, Junior Hollyhock; and a tottering old blind grandfather, Grandpa Hollyhock – all of whom come to live together for the laughs."

## Cast

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Pilot" | Peter Bonerz | Lawrence J. Cohen, Fred Freeman & Charlie Hauck | Unaired |
| When an FBI agent shows up at the Hollyhock house looking for a bank robbery suspect, Grandpa Hollyhock and the family thinks it's a laughing matter. | | | | | |
| 2 | "Fast Eddie Slows Down" | Peter Bonerz | Charlie Hauck | September 23, 1978 (1978-09-23) |
| In need of mortgage money, Ginger-Nell advertises for a head of household to pay the bill. | | | | | |
| 3 | "Ginger-Nell Goes Hollywood" | Peter Bonerz | Charlie Hauck | September 30, 1978 (1978-09-30) |
| A fast-talking door-to-door salesman (Ken Berry) tells Ginger-Nell she's going to be a star. | | | | | |
| 4 | "Rich Man, Poor Girl" | Peter Bonerz | Sy Rosen | Unaired |
| Anna Marie falls in love with a wealthy snob (William Schallert) and Ginger-Nell fears he will take advantage of her. | | | | | |
| 5 | "The Tornado" | Peter Bonerz | Bill Davenport | Unaired |
| A tornado hits town and the Hollyhock family seeks shelter in their cellar. | | | | | |
| 6 | "Ginger-Nell Loses Her Touch" | Peter Bonerz | Arthur Julian | Unaired |
| 7 | "A Man from Ginger-Nell's Past" | Peter Bonerz | Arthur Julian | Unaired |
| 8 | "They Walk Among us" | Peter Bonerz | Sy Rosen | Unaired |

## Reception

When the sitcom *Maude* ended in April 1978, producer Norman Lear created *Apple Pie* as a star vehicle for Rue McClanahan, who had played Vivian Harmon on *Maude*. The show was not well received and was canceled after two episodes, though eight had been filmed under the direction of Peter Bonerz.

*Apple Pie* was broadcast Saturday nights on ABC at 8:30 p.m. during its brief two-week run. It was videotaped before a live audience at Metromedia Square in Hollywood, California.

## InfoBox

| *Apple Pie* | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional photo, (from left to right: Jack Gilford, Rue McClanahan, Dabney Coleman) | |
| Created by | Norman Lear |
| Written by | Charlie Hauck
Sy Rosen
Bill Davenport
Arthur Julian |
| Directed by | Peter Bonerz |
| Starring | Rue McClanahan
Dabney Coleman
Jack Gilford
Caitlin O'Heaney
Derrel Maury |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 8 (6 unaired) |
| Production | |
| Producer | Charlie Hauck |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
| Production company | T.A.T. Communications Company |
| Original release | |
| Network | ABC |
| Release | September 23 (1978-09-23)
September 30, 1978 (1978-09-30) |


title: Elizabeth of Salm

abstract: Elisabeth zu Salm (1570–1611), was a German-Roman monarch as Princess Abbess of the Imperial Remiremont Abbey in France. She was the daughter of Friedrich I zu Salm-Neuweiler, Wild- und Rheingraf in Dhaun (1561–1610), and his wife Franziska Gräfin von Salm. She became abbess in 1602. During her reign, the copper mines in Thillot reached its maximum production. She resigned in favor of Catherine de Lorraine in 1611. She received a large pension, but died the same year.

text:
# Elizabeth of Salm

**Elisabeth zu Salm** (1570–1611), was a German-Roman monarch as Princess Abbess of the Imperial Remiremont Abbey in France.

She was the daughter of Friedrich I zu Salm-Neuweiler, Wild- und Rheingraf in Dhaun (1561–1610), and his wife Franziska Gräfin von Salm (died in 1587). She became abbess in 1602. During her reign, the copper mines in Thillot reached its maximum production. She resigned in favor of Catherine de Lorraine in 1611. She received a large pension, but died the same year.


title: 1985 Galway Corporation election

text:
# 1985 Galway Corporation election

An election for all 15 seats on Galway Borough Council took place on 20 June 1985 as part of the 1985 Irish local elections. This was an increase of three seats from the previous election. Councillors were elected for a five-year term of office from 3 local electoral areas (LEAs) on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).

On 1 January 1986, the borough of Galway became a county borough, detached from County Galway. Galway City Council was a successor to the borough council, with all members continuing in office as city councillors.

The term of office was extended for a further year, with the 1991 Galway Corporation election taking place as part of the 1991 Irish local elections.

## Results by party

| Party | | Seats | ± | First Pref. votes | FPv% | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Fianna Fáil | 6 | 1 | **5,985** | **40.59** |  |
|  | Fine Gael | 5 | 4 | 4,283 | 29.05 |  |
|  | Workers' Party | 2 | 2 | 1,323 | 8.97 |  |
|  | Labour | 1 |  | 1,597 | 10.83 |  |
|  | Independent | 1 | 4 | 1,556 | 10.55 |  |
| **Total** | | **15** | 3 | 14,744 | **100.00** |  |

## Results by local electoral area

### North & East Ward

North & East Ward: 7 seats
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
|  | Fianna Fáil | **Bridie O'Flaherty*** |  | **869** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Fianna Fáil | **Máire Geoghegan-Quinn TD** |  | 808 | 816 | 822 | **848** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Fianna Fáil | **Michael Leahy** |  | 796 | 806 | 812 | **855** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Fine Gael | **Fintan Coogan** |  | 735 | 737 | 743 | 749 | 753 | 754 | 770 | **870** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Fine Gael | **Pádraic McCormack** |  | 486 | 487 | 489 | 492 | 492 | 492 | 497 | 523 | 545 | 559 | 595 | 673 | **884** |  |
|  | Fianna Fáil | Henry O'Connor* |  | 420 | 427 | 433 | 453 | 472 | 484 | 494 | 500 | 501 | 540 | 601 | 626 | 662 | 671 |
|  | Workers' Party | **Liz Hackett** |  | 412 | 413 | 425 | 431 | 431 | 431 | 461 | 482 | 484 | 542 | 589 | 709 | 744 | **754** |
|  | Fine Gael | Pascal Walsh |  | 328 | 330 | 331 | 336 | 336 | 336 | 358 | 396 | 403 | 424 | 449 | 487 |  |  |
|  | Independent | **Brendan Holland*** |  | 317 | 318 | 323 | 327 | 327 | 329 | 339 | 353 | 359 | 410 | 541 | 589 | 660 | **698** |
|  | Independent | John Francis King* |  | 282 | 284 | 303 | 307 | 309 | 309 | 328 | 334 | 336 | 378 |  |  |  |  |
|  | Labour | Peter Kenny |  | 271 | 271 | 293 | 295 | 295 | 296 | 379 | 390 | 392 | 396 | 420 |  |  |  |
|  | Independent | Sheila Jordan |  | 224 | 225 | 230 | 234 | 236 | 237

 |  |  |  |  |
|  | Fine Gael | Marie Dennis |  | 219 | 221 | 225 | 228 | 229 | 230 | 241 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Labour | Pat O'Sullivan |  | 199 | 201 | 225 | 225 | 225 | 225 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Fianna Fáil | Uiris O Ceadegh |  | 125 | 127 | 128 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Labour | Paddy Naughton |  | 120 | 121 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Electorate:** 15,706   **Valid:** 6,611 (42.51%)   **Spoilt:** 65   **Quota:** 827   **Turnout:** 6,676 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### South Ward

South Ward: 3 seats
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|  | Fine Gael | **John Mulholland** |  | **844** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Fianna Fáil | **Martin Connolly*** |  | 671 | 671 | 705 | 721 | 734 | 766 | **802** |
|  | Fianna Fáil | Gerry Molloy\* |  | 532 | 533 | 585 | 609 | 656 | 709 | 757 |
|  | Fine Gael | **Pat McNamara*** |  | 525 | 530 | 535 | 564 | 598 | 666 | **781** |
|  | Labour | Noreen Robin |  | 221 | 222 | 225 | 234 | 250 | 297 |  |
|  | Independent | Gary O Lochlainn |  | 161 | 162 | 168 | 189 | 237 |  |  |
|  | Independent | Odran O'Leary |  | 154 | 155 | 163 | 179 |  |  |  |
|  | Independent | John Francis King* |  | 115 | 115 | 119 |  |  |  |  |
|  | Fianna Fáil | Frances Quigley |  | 113 | 113 |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Electorate:** 6,909   **Valid:** 3,336 (48.72%)   **Spoilt:** 30   **Quota:** 835   **Turnout:** 3,366 | | | | | | | | | | |

### West Ward

West Ward- 5 seats
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|  | Workers' Party | **Jimmy Brick** |  | **911** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Fianna Fáil | **Bobby Molloy TD** |  | 638 | 658 | 689 | 704 | 731 | 746 | **951** |  |
|  | Fianna Fáil | **Michéal Ó hUiginn*** |  | 596 | 604 | 629 | 640 | 667 | 698 | **832** |  |
|  | Fine Gael | **Angela Lynch-Lupton** |  | 533 | 538 | 540 | 600 | 628 | 650 | 681 | **705** |
|  | Labour | **Sen. Michael D. Higgins*** |  | 531 | 559 | 563 | 574 | 614 | 783 | **835** |  |
|  | Fianna Fáil | Mary Byrne* |  | 417 | 426 | 435 | 446 | 476 | 488 |  |  |
|  | Fine Gael | J.J. McDonagh |  | 390 | 391 | 409 | 496 | 532 | 571 | 607 | 630 |
|  | Labour | Joe Murray |  | 255 | 273 | 277 | 284 | 317 |  |  |  |
|  | Fine Gael | Martin O'Connell |  | 223 | 227 | 228 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Independent | Tom Browne\* |  | 213 | 226 | 232 | 244 |  |  |  |  |
|  | Independent | William Lambe |  | 90 | 94 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Electorate:** 11,042   **Valid:** 4,797 (43.77%)   **Spoilt:** 36   **Quota:** 800   **Turnout:** 4,833 | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Local electoral areas

The borough of Galway was divided into the three local electoral areas (LEAs), defined by wards, townlands and district electoral divisions.

| LEA | Electoral divisions | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- |
| No. 1 | The East Ward and the North Ward, and The townlands of:—
Coolagh, Curragrean, Doughiska, in the district electoral division of Ballintemple;
Ballindooly in the district electoral division of Carrowbrowne; and
Ballybaan Beg, Ballybaan More, Ballybrit, Castlegar, Coolagh, Glenanail, Menlough, Merlinpark, Murroogh, Parkmore, Rahylin Glebe, Roscam in the district electoral division of Galway Rural. | 7 |
| No. 2 | The West Ward, and the townlands of:—
Ballyburke, Ballymoneen East, Ballymoneen West, Ballynahown East, Barna, Cappagh, Cloonagower, Clybaun, Keeraun, Kimmeenmore, Lenabower, Mincloon, Shanballyduff, Shangort in the district electoral division of Barna; and
Ballyagh, Barnacranny, Bushypark, Dangan Lower, Letteragh, Rahoon, in the district electoral division of Galway Rural. | 5 |
| No. 3 | The South Ward, and the townlands of:—
Gortnalecka, Knocknacarragh, Pollnarooma West, Rusheen in the district electoral division of Barna. | 3 |

1. Local Government (Reorganisation) Act 1985 (County Borough of Galway) (Appointed Day) Order 1985 (S.I. No. 425 of 1985). Signed on 18 December 1985. Statutory Instrument of the Government of Ireland. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book.
2. Local Government (Reorganisation) Act 1985, s. 6: Membership of Council of Borough of Galway and establishment of City Council (No. 7 of 1985, s. 6). Enacted on 3 April 1985. Act of the Oireachtas. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book.
3. Local Elections (Specification of Local Election Year) Order 1990 (S.I. No. 104 of 1990). Signed on 30 April 1990. Statutory Instrument of the Government of Ireland. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book.
4. Borough of Galway (Local Electoral Areas) Order 1985 (S.I. No. 125 of 1985). Signed on 7 May 1985. Statutory Instrument of the Government of Ireland. Retrieved from Irish Statute Book.
* "Old Local Election Results: Galway City Council election results 1967 to 2009". *Irish Election Literature*.
* Department of the Environment, Ireland (28 January 2010). "Local elections, 1985 : election results and transfer of votes in respect of each county, and county borough council : and election statistics relating to all local authorities" (PDF). Department of the Environment. Retrieved 28 October 2019.

## InfoBox

1985 Galway Corporation election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  All 15 seats on Galway City Council | |
| First party Second party Third party   Party Fianna Fáil Fine Gael Workers' Party  Seats won 6 5 2  Seat change 1 4 2   ---  Fourth party Fifth party   Party Labour Independent  Seats won 1 1  Seat change  4 | |
| ---  Map showing the area of Galway City Council | |


title: 1985 Galician regional election

abstract: The 1985 Galician regional election was held on Sunday, 24 November 1985, to elect the 2nd Parliament of the autonomous community of Galicia. All 71 seats in the Parliament were up for election.

text:
# 1985 Galician regional election

The **1985 Galician regional election** was held on Sunday, 24 November 1985, to elect the 2nd Parliament of the autonomous community of Galicia. All 71 seats in the Parliament were up for election.

## Overview

### Electoral system

The Parliament of Galicia was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Galicia, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Galician Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president. Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in Galicia and in full enjoyment of their political rights.

The 71 members of the Parliament of Galicia were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of La Coruña, Lugo, Orense and Pontevedra, with each being allocated a fixed number of seats:

| Seats | Constituencies |
| --- | --- |
| **22** | La Coruña |
| **19** | Pontevedra |
| **15** | Lugo, Orense |

In smaller constituencies, the use of the electoral method resulted in an effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies.

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.

### Election date

The term of the Parliament of Galicia expired four years after the date of its previous election. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official Journal of Galicia (DOG), with election day taking place between the fifty-fourth and the sixtieth day from publication. The previous election was held on 20 October 1981, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 20 October 1985. The election decree was required to be published in the DOG no later than 26 September 1985, with the election taking place up to the sixtieth day from publication, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Monday, 25 November 1985.

The Parliament of Galicia could not be dissolved before the date of expiry of parliament except in the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a two-month period from the first ballot. In such a case, the Parliament was to be automatically dissolved and a snap election called.

## Opinion polls

The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 36 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Galicia.

## Results

### Overall

Summary of the 24 November 1985 Parliament of Galicia election results
|  | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Parties and alliances | | Popular vote | | | Seats | |
| | Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|  | People's Coalition (APPDPPLCdG)1 | 516,218 | 40.89 | +10.37 | **34** | +8 |
|  | Socialists' Party of Galicia (PSdG–PSOE) | 361,946 | 28.67 | +9.05 | **22** | +6 |
|  | Galician Coalition (CG) | 163,425 | 12.94 | *New* | **11** | +11 |
|  | Galician Socialist Party–Galician Left (PSG–EG)2 | 71,599 | 5.67 | +2.27 | **3** | +2 |
|  | Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG)3 | 53,072 | 4.20 | –2.07 | **1** | –2 |
|  | Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 41,411 | 3.28 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Communist Party of Galicia (PCE–PCG) | 10,625 | 0.84 | –2.09 | 0 | –1 |
|  | Workers' Socialist Party (PST) | 9,689 | 0.77 | –1.08 | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Communist Party of Galicia (Revolutionary Marxist) (PCG (m–r)) | 8,318 | 0.66 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Humanist Platform (PH) | 7,280 | 0.58 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Galician Party of the Country (PGC) | 3,172 | 0.25 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 2,922 | 0.23 | +0.08 | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (PCE (m–l)) | 1,554 | 0.12 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Galician Socialist Unity (USG) | 1,379 | 0.11 | –1.18 | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Communist Movement of Galicia (MCG) | 1,327 | 0.11 | –0.38 | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) | *n/a* | *n/a* | –27.80 | 0 | –24 |
| Blank ballots | | 8,627 | 0.68 | +0.68 |  | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Total | | 1,262,564 |  | | 71 | ±0 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 1,262,564 | 98.80 | +0.79 |  | | | | | | |
| Invalid votes | | 15,333 | 1.20 | –0.79 | |
| Votes cast / turnout | | 1,277,897 | 57.40 | +11.12 | |
| Abstentions | | 948,552 | 42.60 | –11.12 | |
| Registered voters | | 2,226,449 |  | | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Sources | | | | | | |
| **Footnotes:** | | | | | | |

| Popular vote   CP  40.89%  PSdG–PSOE  28.67%  CG  12.94%  PSG–EG  5.67%  BNG  4.20%  CDS  3.28%  Others  3.66%  Blank ballots  0.68% |
| --- |

| Seats   CP  47.89%  PSdG–PSOE  30.99%  CG  15.49%  PSG–EG  4.23%  BNG  1.41% |
| --- |

### Distribution by constituency

| Constituency | CP | | PSdG | | CG | | PSG–EG | | BNG | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| |  | |  | |  | |  | |  | |
| | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S | % | S |
| La Coruña | 38.0 | **10** | 32.3 | **8** | 9.9 | **2** | 5.7 | **1** | 5.2 | **1** |
| Lugo | 44.9 | **8** | 24.4 | **4** | 20.4 | **3** | 2.0 |  | 3.3 |  |
| Orense | 40.1 | **7** | 25.7 | **4** | 22.8 | **4** | 3.0 |  | 3.0 |  |
| Pontevedra | 43.0 | **9** | 27.4 | **6** | 8.9 | **2** | 8.6 | **2** | 3.9 |  |
| **Total** | 40.9 | **34** | 28.7 | **22** | 12.9 | **11** | 5.7 | **3** | 4.2 | **1** |
|  | | | | | | | | | | |
| Sources | | | | | | | | | | |

## Aftermath

### Government formation

| **Investiture**
Gerardo Fernández Albor (AP) | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ballot → | | 16 January 1986 | 17 January 1986 |
| Required majority → | | 36 out of 71 | Simple |
|  | Yes | 34 / 71 | 34 / 71 |
|  | No | 37 / 71 | 37 / 71 |
|  | Abstentions | 0 / 71 | 0 / 71 |
|  | Absentees | 0 / 71 | 0 / 71 |
| Sources | | | |

| **Investiture**
Gerardo Fernández Albor (AP) | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ballot → | | 20 February 1986 | 21 February 1986 |
| Required majority → | | 36 out of 71 | Simple |
|  | Yes | 33 / 71 | 34 / 71 |
|  | No | 26 / 71 | 26 / 71 |
|  | Abstentions * CG (11) (10 on 20 Feb) | 10 / 71 | 11 / 71 |
|  | Absentees * APPDPPLCdG (1) (on 20 Feb) * CG (1) (on 20 Feb) | 2 / 71 | 0 / 71 |
| Sources | | | |

### 1987 motion of no confidence

| **Motion of no confidence**
Fernando González Laxe (PSdG) | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ballot → | | 23 September 1987 |
| Required majority → | | 36 out of 71 |
|  | Yes | 40 / 71 |
|  | No | 29 / 71 |
|  | Abstentions | 2 / 71 |
|  | Absentees | 0 / 71 |
| Sources | | |

Opinion poll sources  1. "Coalición Popular será la fuerza más votada, pero no tiene segura la mayoría absoluta, según un sondeo de EL PAÍS". *El País* (in Spanish). 18 November 1985.
2. "Coalición Popular roza la mayoría absoluta, según un sondeo de EL PAÍS". *El País* (in Spanish). 18 November 1985.
3. "Coalición Popular podrá obtener mayoría absoluta en las elecciones del domingo en Galicia". *ABC* (in Spanish). 17 November 1985.
4. "Coalicion Popular, al borde de la mayoría absoluta en las elecciones gallegas, según un sondeo de EL PAÍS". *El País* (in Spanish). 10 November 1985.
5. "Coalición Popular obtendría ahora mayoría absoluta, según la encuesta realizada para la CEOE". *ABC* (in Spanish). 25 August 1985.
6. "Alianza Popular relanza la convocatoria de mayoría natural, con el centro y la derecha". *ABC Sevilla* (in Spanish). 15 January 1985.
Other  1. Ley Orgánica 1/1981, de 6 de abril, de Estatuto de Autonomía para Galicia (Organic Law 1) (in Spanish). 6 April 1981. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
2. Ley 8/1985, de 13 de agosto, de elecciones al Parlamento de Galicia (Law 2) (in Spanish). 13 August 1985. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
3. Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
4. Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (Organic Law 5) (in Spanish). 19 June 1985. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
5. Ley 1/1983, de 22 de febrero, de normas reguladoras de la Xunta y su Presidencia (Law 1) (in Spanish). 22 February 1983. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
6. "Elecciones al Parlamento de Galicia (1981 - 2020)". *Historia Electoral.com* (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 September 2017.
7. "Parliament of Galicia election results, 24 November 1985" (PDF). *www.juntaelectoralcentral.es* (in Spanish). Electoral Commission of Galicia. 17 January 1986. Retrieved 25 September 2017.

## InfoBox

1985 Galician regional election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  All 71 seats in the Parliament of Galicia
36 seats needed for a majority | |
| Opinion polls | |
| Registered | 2,226,449 2.4% |
| Turnout | 1,277,897 (57.4%)
11.1 pp |
| First party Second party Third party   Leader Gerardo Fernández Albor Fernando González Laxe Pablo González Mariñas  Party AP–PDP–PLCdG PSdG–PSOE CG  Leader since 1981 19 June 1985 23 July 1985  Leader's seat La Coruña La Coruña La Coruña  Last election 26 seats, 30.5% 16 seats, 19.6% *Did not contest*  Seats won 34 22 11  Seat change 8 6 11  Popular vote 516,218 361,946 163,425  Percentage 40.9% 28.7% 12.9%  Swing 10.4 pp 9.1 pp *New party*   ---  Fourth party Fifth party   Leader Camilo Nogueira Xosé Manuel Beiras  Party PSG–EG BNG  Leader since 1980 1982  Leader's seat Pontevedra La Coruña  Last election 1 seat, 3.4% 3 seats, 6.3%  Seats won 3 1  Seat change 2 2  Popular vote 71,599 53,072  Percentage 5.7% 4.2%  Swing 2.3 pp 2.1 pp | |
| ---  Constituency results map for the Parliament of Galicia | |
| ---  **President before election**
Gerardo Fernández Albor
AP–PDP–PL–CdG **Elected President**
Gerardo Fernández Albor
AP–PDP–PL–CdG | |


title: 1891 AHAC season

abstract: The 1891 Amateur Hockey Association of Canada season saw the Montreal Hockey Club win the league and Canadian championship for the fourth straight season by beating the Montreal Crescents 8-2. Ontario launched the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) as the popularity of the sport spread west. Ottawa, the eventual Ontario champion, played in a challenge with Montreal and lost.

text:
# 1891 AHAC season

The **1891 Amateur Hockey Association of Canada season** saw the Montreal Hockey Club win the league and Canadian championship for the fourth straight season by beating the Montreal Crescents 8-2. Ontario launched the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) as the popularity of the sport spread west. Ottawa, the eventual Ontario champion, played in a challenge with Montreal and lost.

## Season

The Dominion Hockey Club did not return to put on a challenge. The Shamrock Athletic Association mounted their first challenge. The Ottawa Hockey Club returned to AHAC play.

### Overall challenge record

| Team | Games Played | Wins | Losses | Ties | Goals For | Goals Against |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Montreal Hockey Club** | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 7 |
| Ottawa Hockey Club | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Montreal Shamrocks | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 9 |
| Montreal Victorias | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 6 |
| Montreal Crescents | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 10 |
| Quebec Hockey Club | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|

Quebec lost to Montreal by default on January 7. As a result, Quebec was not allowed to issue any additional challenges for the 1891 season.

† National champion. The Montreals retained their championship all season without being defeated.

## Schedule and results

Games consisted of a mixture of Challenge games and Exhibition (friendlies)

| Date | Home | Score | Visitor | Score | Location | Match type |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| December 19 | Montreal Hockey Club | 3 | McGill | 1 | -- | Exhibition |
| January 2 | Montreal Hockey Club | 1 | Montreal Crescents | 2 | Crystal rink | Exhibition |
| January 7 | Montreal Hockey Club | -- | Quebec | -- | -- | Challenge |
| January 17 | Ottawa | 3 | McGill | 2 | -- | Exhibition |
| January 19 | Montreal Hockey Club | 4 | Montreal Victorias | 1 | Crystal rink | Challenge |
| January 28 | Montreal Hockey Club | 4 | Montreal Shamrocks | 1 | Crystal rink | Challenge |
| January 29 | Montreal Victorias | 3 | Montreal Crescents | 1 | -- | Exhibition |
| January 31 | Ottawa | 1 | Montreal Victorias | 0 | -- | Exhibition |
| February 4 | Montreal Hockey Club | 2 | Montreal Crescents | 1 | Crystal rink | Challenge |
| February 9 | Montreal Victorias | 6 | McGill | 5 | -- | Exhibition |
| February 12 | Montreal Hockey Club | 2 | Montreal Victorias | 1 | Crystal rink | Challenge |
| February 21 | Montreal Hockey Club | 3 | Ottawa | 0 | Crystal rink | Challenge |
| February 27 | Montreal Hockey Club | 5 | Montreal Shamrocks | 1 | Crystal rink | Challenge |
| March 5 | Montreal Hockey Club | 8 | Montreal Crescents | 2 | Crystal rink | Challenge |
|

Game on January 7 was defaulted to Montreal HC by Quebec. Quebec telegraphed that the team would not show.

## Player statistics

### Goaltending averages

Note: GP = games played, GA = goals against, SO = shutouts, GAA = Goals against average

| Name | Club | GP | GA | SO | GAA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Tom Paton | Montreal | 6 | 6 | 1 | 1.0 |
| Robert Jones | Victorias | 2 | 6 | 0 | 3.0 |
| Albert Morel | Ottawa | 1 | 3 | 0 | 3.0 |
| James McKenna | Shamrocks | 2 | 9 | 0 | 4.5 |
|

**Source:** *Ultimate Hockey*

### Scoring leaders

Note: GP = games played, G = goals scored

| Name | Club | GP | G |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kingan, Alexander | Montreal | 7 | 5 |
| Lowe, George | Montreal | 6 | 4 |
| McNaughton, Archie | Montreal | 6 | 3 |
| Cafferty, Thomas | Shamrocks | 2 | 1 |
| Cameron, Allan | Montreal | 6 | 1 |
| Lee, Sam | Montreal | 1 | 1 |
| Kinghorn, James | Victorias | 1 | 1 |
| McQuisten, Stewart | Crescents | 2 | 1 |
| Warden, William | Montreal | 2 | 1 |
|

**Source:** *Ultimate Hockey*

17 Goals unaccounted for in statistics

* Weir, Glen (1991). *Ultimate Hockey*. Stoddart Publishing.
* Diamond, Dan, ed. (2000). *Total Hockey*. Total Sports. ISBN 0-8362-7114-9.

Notes

## InfoBox

| 1891 AHAC season | |
| --- | --- |
| League | Amateur Hockey Association of Canada |
| Sport | Ice hockey |
| Duration | January 7 – March 5, 1891 |
| Number of teams | 6 |
| 1891 | |
| Champions | Montreal Hockey Club |


abstract: Embarrass Township is one of fifteen townships in Edgar County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2020 census, its population was 573 and it contained 259 housing units.

text:
# Embarrass Township, Edgar County, Illinois

**Embarrass Township** is one of fifteen townships in Edgar County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2020 census, its population was 573 and it contained 259 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Embarrass Township has a total area of 44.26 square miles (114.63 km2), all land.

### Cities, towns, villages

### Unincorporated towns

### Extinct towns

* Catfish
* New Athens

### Cemeteries

The township contains these five cemeteries: Catfish, Catfish Point, Embarrass, Scott and Zimmerman. Shield cemetery lies on Coles county line, half in Embarrass township. Housel cemetery has records also.

### Major highways

### Airports and landing strips

* Ewing Landing Strip
* Lamkey Landing Strip

## Demographics

As of the 2020 census there were 573 people, 255 households, and 170 families residing in the township. The population density was 12.95 inhabitants per square mile (5.00/km2). There were 259 housing units at an average density of 5.85 per square mile (2.26/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 97.03% White, 0.52% African American, 0.17% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.35% from other races, and 1.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.87% of the population.

There were 255 households, out of which 26.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.76% were married couples living together, 10.98% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 33.33% were non-families. 26.70% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.57.

The township's age distribution consisted of 20.1% under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 15.7% from 25 to 44, 35.8% from 45 to 64, and 23.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 119.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $49,028, and the median income for a family was $62,500. Males had a median income of $39,375 versus $26,842 for females. The per capita income for the township was $26,222. About 6.5% of families and 11.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.0% of those under age 18 and 4.5% of those age 65 or over.

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1930 | 1,228 |  |  |
| 1940 | 1,406 |  | 14.5% |
| 1950 | 1,279 |  | −9.0% |
| 1960 | 1,134 |  | −11.3% |
| 1970 | 921 |  | −18.8% |
| 1980 | 943 |  | 2.4% |
| 1990 | 696 |  | −26.2% |
| 2000 | 685 |  | −1.6% |
| 2010 | 620 |  | −9.5% |
| 2020 | 573 |  | −7.6% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

## School districts

* Kansas Community Unit School District 3
* Oakland Community Unit School District 5
* Shiloh Community Unit School District 1

## Political districts

* "Embarrass Township, Edgar County, Illinois". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved January 10, 2010.
* United States Census Bureau 2007 TIGER/Line Shapefiles
* United States National Atlas

1. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Embarrass Township, Edgar County, Illinois
2. "Explore Census Data". *data.census.gov*. Retrieved January 22, 2023.
3. Bureau, US Census. "Gazetteer Files". *Census.gov*. Retrieved January 22, 2023. `{{cite web}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
4. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.

## InfoBox

| Embarrass Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Location in Edgar County | |
| Edgar County's location in Illinois | |
| Coordinates: 39°40′23″N 87°55′05″W / 39.67306°N 87.91806°W / 39.67306; -87.91806 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | Edgar |
| Established | November 4, 1856 |
| Area | |
| Total | 44.26 sq mi (114.6 km2) |
| Land | 44.26 sq mi (114.6 km2) |
| Water | 0 sq mi (0 km2)  0% |
| Elevation | 673 ft (205 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 573 |
| Density | 13/sq mi (5.0/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP codes | 61917, 61933, 61943, 61944, 61949 |
| FIPS code | 17-045-23958 |


title: Elman Service

abstract: Elman Rogers Service was an American cultural anthropologist.

text:
# Elman Service

**Elman Rogers Service** (May 18, 1915 – November 14, 1996) was an American cultural anthropologist.

## Biography

He was born on May 18, 1915, in Tecumseh, Michigan and died on November 14, 1996, in Santa Barbara, California. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1941 from the University of Michigan. He earned a Ph.D. in anthropology from Columbia University in 1951 and taught there from 1949 to 1953. From there, Service went back to the University of Michigan to teach from 1953 until 1969. He later taught at the University of California at Santa Barbara from 1969 to 1985, when he retired.

During his time studying at the University of Michigan, Service joined the Abraham Lincoln Brigade of the Republican Faction in Spain to fight against the victorious Nationalist Faction of General Francisco Franco during the 1936–1939 Spanish Civil War. He also fought in the 1941–1945 World War II for the United States Army.

## Work

Elman Service researched Latin American Indian ethnology, cultural evolution, and theory and method in ethnology. He studied cultural evolution in Paraguay and studied cultures in Latin America and the Caribbean. These studies led to his theories about social systems and the rise of the state as a system of political organization.

He was the Secretary-Treasurer of the American Ethnological Society and a member of the American Anthropological Association.

## Theories

In 1962, Elman Service published his four classifications of the stages of social evolution and political organizations: band, tribe, chiefdom, and state.

He also developed the "managerial benefits" theory, which states that chiefdom-like society developed because of the apparent benefits of centralized leadership. The leader provides benefits to their followers, which, over time, become more complex, benefiting the whole chiefdom society. This keeps the leader in power, and allows the bureaucratic organization to grow.

Service also advanced an integration theory. He believed that early civilizations were not stratified based on property and unequal access to resources, but instead based on unequal political power. He believed there were no true class conflicts, but only power struggles between the political elite in early civilizations. The integration part of this theory was that monuments were created through volunteering, not the leaders forcing it upon the populace.

Elman Service also coined what he called “Law of Evolutionary Potential” in relation to cultural evolution. This law posited that the more specialized and adapted a form in a given evolutionary stage, the smaller its potential for passing on to the next stage.

### Books by Elman Service

* *Tobati: Paraguayan Town* (1954)
* *A Profile of Primitive Culture* (1958)
* *Evolution and Culture* (with M.D. Sahlins) (1960)
* *Primitive Social Organization* (1962)
* *Profiles in Ethnology* (1963)
* *The Hunters* (1966)
* *Cultural Evolutionism* (1971)
* *Origins of the State and Civilization* (1975)
* *A Century of Controversy, Ethnological Issues from 1860 to 1960* (1985)

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Elman Service | |
| --- | --- |
| Elman Service | |
| Born | (1915-05-18)May 18, 1915
Tecumseh, Michigan |
| Died | November 14, 1996(1996-11-14) (aged 81)
Santa Barbara, California |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Columbia University
University of Michigan |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | cultural anthropologist |
|  | |
|  | |
| Military Career | |
| Allegiance | Spanish Republic
United States of America |
| Service/branch | International Brigades
United States Army |
| Unit | The "Abraham Lincoln" XV International Brigade |
| Battles/wars | Spanish Civil War
World War II |
|  | |


title: Apfelküchle

abstract: The Apfelküchle is a traditional German pastry, consisting of sliced apples dipped in batter and fried to a golden-brown color. It is popular in Baden-Württemberg, a federal state in southern Germany. The Apfelküchle has spread throughout Europe and the US. It is similar to an apple fritter but is made more like a pancake, and can be prepared in several ways. While it is traditionally eaten as a complete meal, because of its sweet taste, Apfelküchle has also become popular as a dessert.

text:
# Apfelküchle

The **Apfelküchle** is a traditional German pastry, consisting of sliced apples dipped in batter and fried to a golden-brown color. It is popular in Baden-Württemberg, a federal state in southern Germany. The Apfelküchle has spread throughout Europe and the US. It is similar to an apple fritter but is made more like a pancake, and can be prepared in several ways. While it is traditionally eaten as a complete meal, because of its sweet taste, Apfelküchle has also become popular as a dessert.

## Etymology

The word Apfelküchle consists of two words: *Apfel*, meaning apple, and *Küchle*, a diminutive in Swabian German of *Kuchen*, meaning cake. A possible translation is *little apple pie*.

## History

It is not completely certain when Apfelküchle were first made, however it is known that the pastry was created in south-west Germany in the state of Baden-Württemberg, where it has been a long-standing traditional meal. Recently, Apfelküchle has spread beyond Germany's borders and has become very popular.

## Season

Apples do not tend to tolerate long storage through the colder seasons. Making Apfelküchle is a way to use the spare apples picked in the summer and early autumn. A large number of apples that would otherwise be wasted or were slightly damaged before they could be eaten (either en route to the vendor or damaged during harvest), can be used to make Apfelküchle.

### Fat Thursday

Apfelküchle is traditionally eaten in Baden-Württemberg on Fat Thursday, the Thursday prior to Rose Monday (Carnival Monday), similar to eating paczki on Fat Tuesday. Apfelküchle is traditionally eaten as a main course, however in recent years it has often been served as a dessert. During Carnival, the Apfelküchle is a must. It is also part of every religious holiday in southern Germany.

## Preparation

### Main ingredients

There are a few different ways to make Apfelküchle. Most recipes differ mainly in minor ingredients, which are swapped out based on personal taste. Apfelküchle all have a main ingredient of apples and dough (made from eggs, flour, sugar, salt, and milk). Different variations of dough can be made by adding extras such as beer, fruit brandy, and cinnamon.

### Consumption

Since the end of the 18th century, it has become common to use a variety of sauces to refine dishes in Baden-Württemberg. As a popular dish in that area, Apfelküchle is often served with its own variety of sauces and sides. The most common way to eat Apfelküchle is warm with cinnamon and sugar, or dusted with powdered sugar. One of the most popular refinements is to serve it cold with a vanilla sauce. It is also popular, especially among children, to serve Apfelküchle with vanilla ice cream. Cooks in Baden-Württemberg also like to flambé it with Grand Marnier or rum and serve it with a little scoop of vanilla ice cream. Another sauce used to dress Apfelküchle is *Chaudeausauce*, a French term for hot water, which is composed mainly of wine, vinegar, lemon juice, egg yolks and sugar. It is traditionally made with white wine; usually champagne, and occasionally with a shot of cognac or sherry. It can be enjoyed both hot and cold.

1. Apfelküchle. Süß- und Backwaren, Apfelküchle. confectionary and bakery goods
2. Apfelküchle, das perfekte süsse Herbstessen, Apfelküchle, the perfect sweet autumn meal
3. "Apple Fritters aka. Schwäbische Apfelküchle mit Vanillesoße – Bake to the roots". baketotheroots.de. Retrieved 2016-04-27.

## InfoBox

Apfelküchle
| Fresh Apfelküchle | |
| --- | --- |
| Place of origin | Baden-Württemberg, Germany |
| Main ingredients | Apple, Flour, eggs, Milk |
|  | |


title: 1985–86 SEC Bastia season

abstract: French football club SEC Bastia's 1985–86 season. Finished 20th place in league and relegated to Division 2. Top scorer of the season, including 8 goals in 7 league matches have been Jean-Roch Testa. Was eliminated to Coupe de France end of 32.

text:
# 1985–86 SEC Bastia season

French football club SEC Bastia's 198586 season. Finished 20th place in league and relegated to Division 2. Top scorer of the season, including 8 goals in 7 league matches have been Jean-Roch Testa. Was eliminated to Coupe de France end of 32.

## Transfers

In

| In |
| --- |
| Jean-Marc Furlan from Tours |
| Michel Furic from Nantes |
| Félix Lacuesta from Lyon |
| Patrick Cubaynes from Nîmes |
| Gérard Soler from Strasbourg |
|

Out

| Out |
| --- |
| Simei Ihily to Nîmes |
| Józef Młynarczyk to Porto |
| Bernard Ferrigno to Quimper |
| Louis Marcialis to Nancy |
| Jacques Zimako to retired |
| Gérard Soler and Patrick Cubaynes to Lille |
| Paul Squaglia Lyon |
| Félix Lacuesta to AS Monaco |
|

## Squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  GK  POL Józef Młynarczyk  GK  FRA Thierry Jallamion  GK  FRA Vincent Liotta  GK  FRA Dominique Murati  DF  FRA Jean-André Ottaviani  DF  FRA César Nativi  DF  FRA Charles Orlanducci  DF  FRA Paul Marchioni  DF  FRA Antoine Cervetti  DF  FRA Jean-Marc Furlan  DF  FRA Maurice Arouh  DF  FRA Paul Squaglia  MF  FRA José Pastinelli  MF  FRA Michel Furic | No. Pos. Nation Player  MF  ESP Daniel Solsona  MF  FRA Michel Padovani  MF  FRA Alain Moizan  MF  FRA Laurent Moracchini  MF  FRA Félix Lacuesta  MF  FRA Philippe Levenard  MF  FRA Antoine Spinelli  MF  FRA Alain Bordin  FW  FRA Patrick Cubaynes  FW  FRA Gérard Soler  FW  FRA Thierry Meyer  FW  FRA Marc Biamonte  FW  FRA Jean-Roch Testa |
| --- | --- |

### Statistics

## Division 1

### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16 | Toulon | 38 | 9 | 15 | 14 | 43 | 46 | 3 | 33 |  |
| 17 | Le Havre | 38 | 11 | 11 | 16 | 49 | 53 | 4 | | 33 |
| 18 | Nancy (O) | 38 | 13 | 7 | 18 | 45 | 51 | 6 | 33 | Qualification to relegation play-offs |
| 19 | Strasbourg (R) | 38 | 10 | 11 | 17 | 36 | 54 | 18 | 31 | Relegation to French Division 2 |
| 20 | Bastia (R) | 38 | 5 | 10 | 23 | 30 | 79 | 49 | | 20 |

Source: Footballdatabase.eu
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
Victory: 2 points, Draw: 1 point, Defeat: 0 points
(O) Play-off winners; (R) Relegated

### Results summary

| Overall | | | | | | | | Home | | | | | | Away | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 38 | 5 | 10 | 23 | 30 | 79 | −49 | 25 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 17 | 24 | −7 | 0 | 4 | 15 | 13 | 55 | −42 |

Source: worldfootball.net

### Results by round

| Round | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ground | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | A | H | H | A | A | H | A | H | A | H | A |
| Result | L | L | L | L | W | L | D | L | W | D | L | W | D | W | D | D | L | W | L | L | L | L | D | D | L | D | L | L | L | L | D | L | L | L | L | L | D | L |
| Position | 18 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 15 | 17 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |

Source: FootballDatabase.eu
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss

### Matches

*Win (W), Draw (D), Lost (L).*

## Coupe de France

End of 64 End of 32 * 1. match: **Bastia** 4-1 Chaumont
* 2. match: **Chaumont** 3-0 Bastia

*Bastia 5-5 Chaumont. Chaumont won 5-5 on away goals.*

## InfoBox

SEC Bastia
| 1985–86 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Chairman | Joseph Gentile |
| Manager | Alain Moizan
Antoine Redin (from February 1986) |
| Stadium | Stade Armand Cesari |
| Division 1 | *20th* (Relegated to Division 2) |
| Coupe de France | *End of 32* |
| Top goalscorer | League: Jean-Roch Testa (7)
All: Jean-Roch Testa (8) |
| Highest home attendance | 7,000 vs Paris SG (16 July 1985) |
| Lowest home attendance | 600 vs Nancy (18 April 1986) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Arambagh Vivekananda Pally

abstract: Vivekananda Pally is a part of the city of Arambagh, in West Bengal, India. This is a densely populated area. There are approximately 325 houses and 3 shops. Prominent residential colonies like Rabindra Pally Colony and the Sarada Pally Colony are near Vivekananda Pally. This colony sees many students from the village area and the other colonies of Arambagh congregate daily to study. The Arambagh-Tarakeswar rail line makes a crossing near this town.

text:
# Arambagh Vivekananda Pally

**Vivekananda Pally** is a part of the city of Arambagh, in West Bengal, India. This is a densely populated area. There are approximately 325 houses and 3 shops. Prominent residential colonies like Rabindra Pally Colony and the Sarada Pally Colony are near Vivekananda Pally.

This colony sees many students from the village area and the other colonies of Arambagh congregate daily to study. The Arambagh-Tarakeswar rail line makes a crossing near this town.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Vivekananda Pally had a population of 1300. Males constitute 60% of the population and females 40%. It has an average literacy rate of 96%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 95% male literacy and 92% of female literacy. 3% of the population is under 6 years of age. 75% people are government employees, 10% are doctors and engineers and 10% are businessmen.

### Festival

Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, Durga Puja, Kali Puja and Saraswati puja are the main festivals celebrated here.

## InfoBox

| Arambagh Vivekananda Pally | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| Arambagh Vivekananda PallyLocation in West Bengal, India | |
| Coordinates: 22°52′35″N 87°47′27″E / 22.87639°N 87.79083°E / 22.87639; 87.79083 | |
| Country | India |
| State | West Bengal |
| District | Hooghly district |
| Government | |
| Committee Secretary | Paran Pan |
| Elevation | 15 m (49 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 1,300 |
| Density | 2,224/km2 (5,760/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Bengali, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 712601 |
| Sex ratio | 722 / |


title: 1906 Cootamundra state by-election

text:
# 1906 Cootamundra state by-election

A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Cootamundra on 28 July 1906 because of the resignation of William Holman (Labour). John Norton blamed Holman for a series of articles in The Worker commenting on Norton's unnatural silence over the land scandals involving Paddy Crick and William Willis. Norton made a personal attack on Holman in parliament, challenging him to resign and both would contest Holman's seat of Cootamundra.

The Surry Hills by-election was held the previous week. John Norton was a candidate, however he was defeated and withdrew from the contest for Cootamundra. H. V. Evatt argues that the most likely explanation for Norton's attack was to remove Labour's best debater at a critical time.

## Dates

| Date | Event |
| --- | --- |
| 5 July 1906 | William Holman resigned. |
| 6 July 1906 | Writ of election issued by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. |
| 17 July 1906 | Nominations |
| 28 July 1906 | Polling day |
| 14 August 1906 | Return of writ |

## Result

**1906 Cootamundra by-election**
Saturday 28 July
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | William Holman **(re-elected)** | 2,296 | 57.8 | 0.0 |
|  | Farmers and Settlers | John Fitzpatrick | 1,663 | 41.9 |  |
|  | Independent | John Norton | 13 | 0.3 |  |
| Total formal votes | | | 3,972 | 98.2 | −1.0 |
| Informal votes | | | 72 | 1.8 | +1.0 |
| Turnout | | | 4,044 | 58.5 | −6.0 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | **Swing** |  |  |

1. Cannon, Michael. "Norton, John (1858-1916)". *Australian Dictionary of Biography*. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
2. "The silence of John Norton". *The Worker*. 11 January 1906. p. 4. Retrieved 4 April 2021  via Trove.
"Stand up, John Norton". *The Worker*. 22 February 1906. p. 4. Retrieved 4 April 2021  via Trove.
"John Norton goes a-scabbing". *The Worker*. 17 March 1910. p. 12. Retrieved 4 April 2021  via Trove.
3. Green, Antony. "1906 Cootamundra by-election". *New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007*. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
4. "The Cootamundra election". *Gundagai Times and Tumut, Adelong and Murrumbidgee District Advertiser*. 24 July 1906. p. 2. Retrieved 4 April 2021  via Trove.
5. Evatt, H. V. (1954). *Australian Labour Leader: The Story of W.A. Holman and the Labour Movement*. Angus and Robertson. pp. 131–144. ISBN 0207140413.
6. "Mr William Arthur Holman (1871–1934)". *Former members of the Parliament of New South Wales*. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
7. "Writ of election: Cootamundra". *New South Wales Government Gazette*. No. 189. 6 July 1906. p. 3896. Retrieved 4 April 2021  via Trove.
8. Green, Antony. "1904 Cootamundra". *New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007*. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 18 December 2019.


title: 1906 Cork Senior Hurling Championship

abstract: The 1906 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 19th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. St. Finbarr's were the defending champions from 1903 because the 1905 championship wasn't completed. St. Finbarr's won the championship following a 2–9 to 0–6 defeat of Ballymartle in the final. As a result of this victory they were also awarded the 1905 championship title. Consequently, this was their fourth championship title overall and their third title in succession.

text:
# 1906 Cork Senior Hurling Championship

The **1906 Cork Senior Hurling Championship** was the 19th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.

St. Finbarr's were the defending champions from 1903 because the 1905 championship wasn't completed.

St. Finbarr's won the championship following a 2–9 to 0–6 defeat of Ballymartle in the final. As a result of this victory they were also awarded the 1905 championship title. Consequently, this was their fourth championship title overall and their third title in succession.

## Results

**Final**

| 3 February 1907 Final | **St. Finbarr’s** | **2-09 – 0-06** | **Ballymartle** | Ballinhassig Sportsfield, Ballinhassig |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

## Championship statistics

### Miscellaneous

* St. Finbarr's become the second team after Blackrock in 1895 to win three successive championship titles.
* \[\[Ballymartle GAA|Ballymartle\]\] qualify for the final for the first time.

## InfoBox

1906 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
| Champions | St. Finbarr’s (4th title) |
| --- | --- |
| Runners-up | Ballymartle |
| 1905 (Previous) (Next) 1907 | |


title: Aphrodite Areia

abstract: Aphrodite Areia or "Aphrodite the Warlike" was a cult epithet of the Greek goddess Aphrodite, in which she was depicted in full armor like the war god Ares. This representation was found in Sparta and Taras. There were other, similarly martial interpretations of the goddess, such as at her Sanctuary at Kythira, where she was worshiped under the epithet Aphrodite Urania, who was also represented as being armed. The epithet "Areia", meaning "warlike", was applied to other gods in addition to Aphrodite, such as Athena, Zeus, and possibly Hermes. The association with warfare contradicts Aphrodite's more popularly known role as the goddess of desire, fertility, and beauty. In the Iliad, Aphrodite is portrayed as incompetent in battle, being wounded in the wrist by Diomedes under the guidance of Athena, and she is reminded of her role as a love goddess rather than a war goddess like Athena by Zeus. It is possible, however, that this representation was deliberate to assert the Ionian interpretation of Aphrodite, which did not portray the goddess with warlike aspects, as the "correct" version.

text:
# Aphrodite Areia

**Aphrodite Areia** (Ancient Greek: Ἀφροδίτη Ἀρεία) or "Aphrodite the Warlike" was a cult epithet of the Greek goddess Aphrodite, in which she was depicted in full armor like the war god Ares. This representation was found in Sparta and Taras (modern Taranto). There were other, similarly martial interpretations of the goddess, such as at her Sanctuary at Kythira, where she was worshiped under the epithet Aphrodite Urania, who was also represented as being armed. The epithet "Areia", meaning "warlike", was applied to other gods in addition to Aphrodite, such as Athena, Zeus, and possibly Hermes.

The association with warfare contradicts Aphrodite's more popularly known role as the goddess of desire, fertility, and beauty. In the *Iliad*, Aphrodite is portrayed as incompetent in battle, being wounded in the wrist by Diomedes under the guidance of Athena, and she is reminded of her role as a love goddess rather than a war goddess like Athena by Zeus. It is possible, however, that this representation was deliberate to assert the Ionian interpretation of Aphrodite, which did not portray the goddess with warlike aspects, as the "correct" version.

## Origins

It is believed that the warlike depiction of Aphrodite belongs to her very earliest acolytes and cults in Cyprus and Cythera, where there was a strong eastern influence during the Orientalizing Period. This depiction can trace Aphrodite's descent from older Middle Eastern goddesses such as the Sumerian Inanna, Mesopotamian Ishtar, and Phoenician Astarte. In Cyprus, Aphrodite was also referred to by the epithet "Aphrodite Encheios" (Aphrodite with a spear), and it has been suggested that the cult was brought from Cyprus to Sparta. She was also known by this name on the Areopagus and at Corinth.

## Cult in Greece

There were cults dedicated to the warlike aspect of Aphrodite in Kythira, Cyprus, Argos, Taras and most prominently in Sparta.<sup>\[1\]</sup>

Pausanias recorded that three cult statues at Kythira, Sparta, and Corinth depicted Aphrodite as holding weapons and archaeological evidence points to this portrayal also occurring in Argos. In Sparta, he described two temples dedicated to Aphrodite Areia. Pausanias' claim that "Aphrodite Areia" was simply a female version of Ares has some support in the contemporary epigraphy.

Various authors make reference to Sparta worshipping an armoured Aphrodite, such as Plutarch, Nonnos, and Quintilian. A related Spartan epithet, "Armed Aphrodite" (Ἀφροδίτη Ἐνόπλιος) was associated with an aetiological myth recorded by Lactantius, who stated that once the Spartan army was away from the city attacking Messene, part of the Messene army launched a counterattack against Sparta that was thwarted by the Spartan women who armed themselves and defended the city. The Spartan army, realizing their city was under siege, returned and assumed that the women were the enemy army until they stripped off their armour to reveal their identities. It is likely that this myth was used to explain the origin of an unknown Spartan festival that functioned similarly to the Argive festival of Hybristica, where women took over the roles of men.

In Argos, Aphrodite Areia appears to be related to Nikephoros ("victory bearer") and in a nearby city of Manteneia, there was a temple devoted to both Aphrodite and Ares.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Schmitz, Leonhard (1870). "Areia". In Smith, William (ed.). *Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology*. Vol. 1. p. 275.


title: Emergency Powers Act 1920

abstract: The Emergency Powers Act 1920 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that gave the Sovereign power, in certain circumstances, to declare a state of emergency by proclamation. The Act also authorised emergency regulations to be issued by Order in Council. Passed during the time in office of the Lloyd George Coalition Government, the Act made permanent the powers of the war-time Defence of the Realm Acts. The Act did not apply to Ireland, where due to the War of Independence the Restoration of Order in Ireland Act 1920 was already in force.

text:
# Emergency Powers Act 1920

The **Emergency Powers Act 1920** (10 & 11 Geo. 5. c. 55) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that gave the Sovereign power, in certain circumstances, to declare a state of emergency by proclamation. The Act also authorised emergency regulations to be issued by Order in Council.

Passed during the time in office of the Lloyd George Coalition Government, the Act made permanent the powers of the war-time Defence of the Realm Acts. The Act did not apply to Ireland, where due to the War of Independence the Restoration of Order in Ireland Act 1920 was already in force.

## Overview

The exact grounds for such a proclamation by the monarch are defined in the Act as:

> *...any action has been taken or is immediately threatened by any persons or body of persons of such a nature and on so extensive a scale as to be calculated, by interfering with the supply and distribution of food, water, fuel, or light, or with the means of locomotion, to deprive the community, or any substantial portion of the community, of the essentials of life...*

Upon a proclamation, Parliament must meet within five days and the Act gave His Majesty in Council, by Order, to make regulations to secure the 'essentials of life to the community' and gave the relevant Secretaries of State the power for the 'preservation of the peace' and the 'essentials of life' as defined above. Such regulations would be laid before Parliament as soon as they were pronounced and would expire in seven days, unless Parliament decided otherwise, of being laid before Parliament. A proclamation of this sort could be in force for no more than one month.

Anyone who broke these regulations, the Act says:

> *...shall be imprisonment with or without hard labour for a term of three months, or a fine of one hundred pounds, or both such imprisonment and fine, together with the forfeiture of any goods or money in respect of which the offence has been committed*.

The Act forbade regulations which amounted to 'compulsory military service or industrial conscription' and ruled out regulations which would forbid 'any person or persons to take part in a strike, or peacefully to persuade any other person or persons to take part in a strike'. Regulations could not allow punishment by either fine or prison without trial.

## Use of the Act

The Act was first put into use in 1921 when the Triple Alliance (a predecessor of the TUC) was requested by the Miners' Federation of Great Britain to join a strike over a wage dispute. The Lloyd George government declared a state of emergency and sent troops to the striking miners' areas. On 15 April the partners in the Triple Alliance declined to join the strike, which became known as 'Black Friday'.

The Labour Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald was tempted to use the Act in 1924 when the dockers and tramwaymen went on strike. The Act was extensively used during the General Strike of 1926, after a state of emergency was proclaimed on 30 April 1926 on account of the "cessation of work in coal mines" and emergency regulations were promulgated therewith and continued in force long after the general strike had ceased. The use of the Act has been described as instrumental in the successful resolution of the strike in the government's favour.

Also, during 1948 and 1949 there were lengthy unofficial strikes, particularly in the docks, so the Labour Attlee government implemented this Act to proclaim a state of emergency and used soldiers as strike-breakers by getting them to unload boats in London, Liverpool and Avonmouth. The Conservative government used the Act during the 1955 rail strike and it was also used by Labour under Harold Wilson during the seamen's strike of 1966.

During the Conservative government of Edward Heath there were five declarations of emergency under this Act, by far the most any government. The first was in July 1970 over a dockers strike, the second in December 1970 over an electricians strike, the third in February 1972 over a miners strike, the fourth in August 1972 over another dockers strike and the fifth time in October 1973, which lasted for four months.

In the total time it was on the statute book this Act was used twelve times, the last time being in 1974 and mainly used in times of industrial unrest (i.e. strikes).

This Act was amended by the Emergency Powers Act 1964 and superseded by the Civil Contingencies Act 2004.

## Form of proclamation

The proclamation of emergency made under the Act in the case of the General Strike was as follows:

> Whereas by the **Emergency Powers Act 1920**, it is enacted that if it appears to Us that any action has been taken or is immediately threatened by any persons or body of persons of such a nature and on so extensive a scale as to be calculated, by interfering with the supply and distribution of food, water, fuel, or light, or with the means of locomotion, to deprive the community or any substantial portion of the community, of the essentials of life, We may, by Proclamation, declare that a state of emergency exists: And whereas the present immediate threat of cessation of work in Coal Mines does, in Our opinion, constitute a state of emergency within the meaning of the said Act: Now, therefore, in pursuance of the said Act, We do, by and with the advice of Our Privy Council, hereby declare that a state of emergency exists. Given at Our Court at Buckingham Palace, this Thirtieth day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty-six, and in the Sixteenth year of Our Reign.

The second episode of Ken Loach's series *Days of Hope* (1975) is set during the use of the emergency powers in 1921 in the Durham coalfield. The army are shown as using their powers to harass suspected Communists and their families, and to confiscate food sent as donations to feed striking miners.

In Episode 5 of Season 3 of *The Crown*, Lord Louis Mountbatten cites the 1920 Emergency Powers Act in the scene in which he meets with organizers of a possible coup d'état against the then Prime Minister, Harold Wilson. On the occasion, he considers the Queen's powers and role vis-à-vis society, the Armed Forces and the legal system in a possible proclamation of national emergency to be central to the success of his plans.

## InfoBox

Emergency Powers Act 1920
| Act of Parliament | |
| --- | --- |
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | |
| Long title | An Act to make exceptional provision for the Protection of the Community in cases of Emergency. |
| Citation | 10 & 11 Geo. 5. c. 55 |
| Introduced by | Edward Shortt |
| Territorial extent | England and Wales; Scotland |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 29 October 1920 |
| Commencement | 29 October 1920 |
| Repealed | 10 December 2004 |
| Other legislation | |
| Amended by | Emergency Powers Act 1964 |
| Repealed by | Civil Contingencies Act 2004 |
| Relates to |  |
| Status: Repealed | |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |


title: Aqqur

abstract: Aqqur was a Palestinian Arab hamlet in the Jerusalem Subdistrict. Founded in the Ottoman period, it had a population of 25 in 1922 and 40 in 1945. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War on July 13, 1948, under Operation Dani. It was located 14.5 km west of Jerusalem on the Wadi Isma'il, a tributary of the Wadi al-Sarar.

text:
# Aqqur

**Aqqur** was a Palestinian Arab hamlet in the Jerusalem Subdistrict. Founded in the Ottoman period, it had a population of 25 in 1922 and 40 in 1945. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War on July 13, 1948, under Operation Dani. It was located 14.5 km west of Jerusalem on the Wadi Isma'il, a tributary of the Wadi al-Sarar.

## History

Aqqur is not mentioned in 16th century records, and was likely first settled in a later period.

In 1838, in the Ottoman era, *Akur* was noted as a Muslim village, in the *el-Arkub* district, southwest of Jerusalem. In 1856 the village noted by the same name on Kiepert's map of Palestine published that year.

In 1863, Victor Guérin found here a village with 200 inhabitants. He further noted that several of the houses contained some stones from an old church, then totally destroyed, but whose location still retained among the inhabitants the name of *Kniseh* (church). A well, which passed for antiquity although it was badly constructed, was sufficient to all the needs of this small locality.

An Ottoman village list of about 1870 showed that Aqqur had 38 houses and a population of 140, though the population count included men, only.

In 1883, the PEF's *Survey of Western Palestine* described Akur: "A small village on the ledge of the ridge, surrounded by very rugged ground. There is a good spring on the north east, about a mile from the village, on the same ridge."

In 1896 the population of '*Akur* was estimated to be about 132 persons.

### British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Aqur had a population 25, all Muslims, while in the 1931 census, it was counted with Ras Abu 'Ammar and *Ein Hubin*, and together they had a population of 488 Muslims, in 106 houses.

A British anthropologist, writing in 1932, reported that there was a group of Sidr trees north east of the village believed to be protected by spirits.

In the 1945 statistics, it had a population of 40 Muslims, with a total of 5,522 dunums of land. Of this, 174 dunams were used for irrigable land or plantations, 653 for cereals, while 5 dunams were built-up land.

'Aqqur had a maqam for a local sage known as al-Shaykh Ahmad Sulayman.

### 1948, aftermath

The village was depopulated July 13–14, 1948 by Harel Brigade units. There had been fighting around the village since April, and many people had fled. Those who remained were expelled.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Aqqur عقور | |
| --- | --- |
| Etymology: barren | |
| 1870s map   1940s map  modern map   1940s with modern overlay map   A series of historical maps of the area around Aqqur (click the buttons) | |
| AqqurLocation within Mandatory Palestine | |
| Coordinates: 31°45′30″N 35°04′56″E / 31.75833°N 35.08222°E / 31.75833; 35.08222 | |
| Palestine grid | 157/129 |
| Geopolitical entity | Mandatory Palestine |
| Subdistrict | Jerusalem |
| Date of depopulation | July 13–14, 1948 |
| Area | |
| Total | 5,522 dunams (5.522 km2 or 2.132 sq mi) |
| Population (1945) | |
| Total | 40 |
| Cause(s) of depopulation | Military assault by Yishuv forces |


title: Appeal (motion)

abstract: In parliamentary procedure, a motion to appeal from the decision of the chair is used to challenge a ruling of the chair.

text:
# Appeal (motion)

In parliamentary procedure, a motion to **appeal** from the decision of the chair is used to challenge a ruling of the chair.

## Explanation and use

The most common occasions for the motion to appeal are when the chair misassigns the floor or incorrectly recognizes a member; when the chair rules on a motion as not within the scope of the organization's purposes; when the chair rules on germaneness of an amendment; when they rule on points of order and questions of privilege; when they rule on the interpretation of words, phrases, provisions, etc.; and when the chair misapplies the rules of a motion (especially in reference to the rankings of motions).

According to *Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised* (RONR), members have no right to criticize a ruling of the chair unless they appeal from their decision. *Demeter's Manual of Parliamentary Law and Procedure* states that an appeal "protects the assembly against the arbitrary control of the meeting by its presiding officer." *Mason's Manual of Legislative Procedure* states, "In some states the ruling of the chair by tradition is given great weight, and appeals are not made lightly." RONR states that in some cases, the chair may welcome an appeal because it takes the onus off of them.

An appeal must be made at the time of the chair's ruling. After any debate or other business, it is too late to make an appeal.

In stating the appeal, the presiding officer uses the form, "Those in favor of sustaining the decision of the chair..." rather than a biased form such as "Those in favor of sustaining the bylaws..." Appeals are debatable unless they relate to indecorum, the priority of business, or an undebatable question. According to *The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure*, if the reasons given for the appeal are convincing, the presiding officer may change their ruling accordingly, in which case the appeal is automatically dropped.

## Improper uses

RONR states that "when the chair rules on a question about which there cannot possibly be two reasonable opinions, an appeal would be dilatory and is not allowed." *Demeter's Manual* recommends using the mnemonic devices F, T, R, L and J, O, D to remember that no appeals can be taken from the chair's rulings which arise out of known Facts, evident Truths, established Rules or operative Laws, but can be taken only from rulings which are based on their personal Judgment, Opinion or Discretion. Demeter explains:

> ...should you waste the assembly's time or affront its intelligence by submitting such absurd appeals to the members to back up your rulings  that there are seven days in the week, or twelve months in the year, or the main motion can be debated, or any other law or rule, or any self-evident and incontestable facts?

An assembly cannot contravene a bylaws provision by raising an appeal and voting to interpret the provision to mean something different than its clear meaning. If such an appeal is moved, the chair should rule it out of order immediately, without opening it to debate or putting it to a vote.

## InfoBox

Appeal (RONR)
| Class | Incidental motion |
| --- | --- |
| In order when another has the floor? | Yes, at time of appealed ruling |
| Requires second? | Yes |
| Debatable? | Yes, but debate on the motion must be confined to its merits only, and cannot go into the main question except as necessary for debate of the immediately pending question |
| May be reconsidered? | Yes |
| Amendable? | No |
| Vote required | Majority in negative required to reverse chair's decision |


title: Appeal (disambiguation)

abstract: An appeal is the process in law by which cases are reviewed and parties request a formal change to an official decision. Appeal may also refer to:

text:
# Appeal (disambiguation)

An **appeal** is the process in law by which cases are reviewed and parties request a formal change to an official decision.

**Appeal** may also refer to:

## Politics and law

* Appeal (motion), in parliamentary procedure a challenge of the chair's ruling
* Appeal of 18 June, Charles de Gaulle's 1940 call for French resistance against Nazi Germany
* Mariam Appeal, a political campaign established in 1998
* Criminal appeal, an ancient, private right of criminal prosecution in common-law jurisdictions

## Publications and media

## Other uses

* Appeal Isimirie, Nigerian taekwondo practitioner
* Appeal (cricket), a request to an umpire for a ruling on whether a cricket batter is out
* Appeal play, in baseball when a member of the defensive team calls the attention of an umpire to an infraction
* Rhetorical appeals, devices used in rhetoric to persuade an audience, namely *ethos*, *logos*, and *pathos*
* Sex appeal, the quality of arousing attraction on the basis of sexual desire


title: Apseudopsis

abstract: Apseudopsis is a genus of crustaceans belonging to the family Apseudidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.

text:
# Apseudopsis

***Apseudopsis*** is a genus of crustaceans belonging to the family Apseudidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.

## Species

The following species are accepted by the World Register of Marine Species:

## InfoBox

| *Apseudopsis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Apseudopsis latreillii | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Tanaidacea |
| Family: | Apseudidae |
| Genus: | *Apseudopsis*<br>Norman, 1899 |
|


title: Aqris

abstract: Aqris was an Estonian software development company located in Tallinn, founded in 1999 by Oliver Wihler and Sander Mägi. The company was known in the Java developer community for its product RefactorIT, an open source refactor plugin for Java IDEs.

text:
# Aqris

**Aqris** was an Estonian software development company located in Tallinn, founded in 1999 by Oliver Wihler and Sander Mägi.

The company was known in the Java developer community for its product RefactorIT, an open source refactor plugin for Java IDEs (Eclipse, Sun ONE Studio, Borland Software's JBuilder, Oracle's JDeveloper, NetBeans and Emacs).

59°26′18.7″N 24°44′3.7″E / 59.438528°N 24.734361°E / 59.438528; 24.734361

## InfoBox

Aqris Software AS
|
|  |
| Company type | Public |
| Industry | Software Development |
| Founded | 1999 |
| Headquarters | Tallinn, Estonia |
| Key people | Oliver Wihler – CEO<br>Sander Mägi – CEO |
| Website | www.aqris.com |


title: Ellen Heine

abstract: Ellen Minna Bleakly was a New Zealand-born botanist, photographer, and painter. As a botanist, Heine made contributions to research into the relationship between New Zealand insects and native flowers. She also undertook research into brown seaweeds in the genus Xiphophora. Photographs created by Heine are held in the collection of the National Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Of particular historical interest are the photographs she took of the University of Canterbury's Cass Field Station.

text:
# Ellen Heine

**Ellen Minna Bleakly** (née **Heine**; 8 August 1907 – 27 July 1989) was a New Zealand-born botanist, photographer, and painter. As a botanist, Heine made contributions to research into the relationship between New Zealand insects and native flowers. She also undertook research into brown seaweeds in the genus *Xiphophora.* Photographs created by Heine are held in the collection of the National Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Of particular historical interest are the photographs she took of the University of Canterbury's Cass Field Station.

## Early life and education

She was educated at Victoria University College where she graduated with a Master of Science degree with honours in botany in 1929.

## InfoBox

| Ellen Heine | |
| --- | --- |
| Ellen M. Heine, from a 1934 newspaper published in New Zealand | |
| Born | Ellen Minna Bleakly
(1907-08-20)20 August 1907
Wellington, New Zealand |
| Died | 27 July 1989(1989-07-27) (aged 81)
Brisbane, Queensland, Australia |
| Alma mater | Victoria University College |
| Known for | Photographic works. Research into brown seaweed *Xiphophora* in New Zealand. Research into the relationship between New Zealand insects and New Zealand native flower characteristics. |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Botany |
|  | |


title: Arabia Mountain (album)

abstract: Arabia Mountain is the sixth studio album by American garage punk band Black Lips, released on June 7, 2011. The album was written and recorded over a nine months stretch from March 2010 to January 2011. Lockett Pundt produced "Bicentennial Man" and "Go Out and Get It", while Mark Ronson was responsible for producing the rest. The production by Ronson was conducted first in a Brooklyn studios, but completed in Black Lips' hometown of Atlanta due to time constraints. The music video for the first single, "Go Out and Get It", was released on March 2. The music video for the second single, "Modern Art", was released on April 5. "New Direction" was leaked to the public by Rolling Stone on May 16. The music video for "Raw Meat" was chosen by Pitchfork in The Top Music Videos of 2011.

text:
# Arabia Mountain (album)

***Arabia Mountain*** is the sixth studio album by American garage punk band Black Lips, released on June 7, 2011. The album was written and recorded over a nine months stretch from March 2010 to January 2011. Lockett Pundt produced "Bicentennial Man" and "Go Out and Get It", while Mark Ronson was responsible for producing the rest. The production by Ronson was conducted first in a Brooklyn studios, but completed in Black Lips' hometown of Atlanta due to time constraints. The music video for the first single, "Go Out and Get It", was released on March 2. The music video for the second single, "Modern Art", was released on April 5. "New Direction" was leaked to the public by Rolling Stone on May 16. The music video for "Raw Meat" was chosen by Pitchfork in The Top Music Videos of 2011.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AnyDecentMusic? | 7.6/10 |
| Metacritic | 80/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Guardian* |  |
| *Pitchfork* | 7.7/10 |
| *PopMatters* | 9/10 |
| *NME* | 8/10 |
| *Spin* | 7/10 |
| *Slant Magazine* |  |
| *The A.V. Club* | (B) |

*Arabia Mountain* was met with "generally favorable" reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 80 based on 25 reviews. At AnyDecentMusic?, the release was given a 7.7 out of 10 based on a critical consensus of 24 reviews

## Licensing

"New Direction" was featured on the AMC television channel. "The Lie" is featured on the soundtrack for *Need for Speed: The Run*.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Family Tree" | Alexander | 2:36 |
| 2. | "Modern Art" | Swilley | 2:04 |
| 3. | "Spidey's Curse" | Alexander | 2:49 |
| 4. | "Mad Dog" | Swilley | 2:02 |
| 5. | "Mr. Driver" | Alexander | 2:49 |
| 6. | "Bicentennial Man" | Bradley | 2:19 |
| 7. | "Go Out and Get It" | Bradley | 1:55 |
| 8. | "Raw Meat" | Alexander | 1:48 |
| 9. | "Bone Marrow" | Swilley | 2:52 |
| 10. | "The Lie" | Bradley | 3:13 |
| 11. | "Time" | St. Pe | 2:46 |
| 12. | "Dumpster Dive" | Alexander | 2:23 |
| 13. | "New Direction" | Swilley | 2:29 |
| 14. | "Noc-a-Homa" | Swilley | 2:00 |
| 15. | "Don't Mess Up My Baby" | Alexander | 2:45 |
| 16. | "You Keep On Running" | Alexander | 4:25 |
| 17. | "Kiss It Goodbye" (\[iTunes Bonus Track\]) |  | 3:38 |

## Charts

Chart performance for *Arabia Mountain*
| Chart (2011) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 122 |
| US Independent Albums (*Billboard*) | 22 |
| US Heatseekers Albums (*Billboard*) | 1 |
| US Top Rock Albums (*Billboard*) | 44 |
| US Vinyl Albums (*Billboard*) | 3 |

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Arabia Mountain | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Black Lips | |
| Released | June 7, 2011 |
| Genre | Garage rock, garage punk, rock and roll, indie rock, cowpunk, psychedelic rock, surf rock |
| Length | 41:15 |
| Label | Vice |
| Producer | Mark Ronson, Lockett Pundt, Black Lips |
| Black Lips chronology | |
| *200 Million Thousand*
(2009) ***Arabia Mountain***
(2011) *Underneath the Rainbow*
(2014) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Arabia Mountain* | |
| 1. "Go Out and Get It"
Released: March 3, 2011 2. "Modern Art"
Released: April 6, 2011 3. "New Direction"
Released: May 16, 2011 | |
|  | |


title: Architectural educator

abstract: An architectural educator is a person who trains prospective professional architects and architectural technicians. This involves training in the discipline of architectural design or more specifically, the design of constructed environments. Architectural Education has both public architectural education and professional architectural education stakeholder groups. Architectural educators may work in the service of the architectural profession or in the wider community. Architectural education in many countries is regulated by validation or accreditation. In the wider community, architectural educators may use their knowledge to raise citizens or members of a community's awareness of their respective environment, and their role in its ownership and custodianship. Architectural Educators are represented by national and regional associations such as ACSA in the US, the ACA in Australia and New Zealand, and the EAAE in Europe.

text:
# Architectural educator

An **architectural educator** is a person who trains prospective professional architects and architectural technicians. This involves training in the discipline of architectural design or more specifically, the design of constructed environments.

Architectural Education has both public architectural education and professional architectural education stakeholder groups.

Architectural educators may work in the service of the architectural profession or in the wider community. Architectural education in many countries is regulated by validation or accreditation. In the wider community, architectural educators may use their knowledge to raise citizens or members of a community's awareness of their respective environment, and their role in its ownership and custodianship.

Architectural Educators are represented by national and regional associations such as ACSA in the US, the ACA in Australia and New Zealand, and the EAAE in Europe.

## History of architectural education

Architecture has a history of being used as an educational tool, traditionally practised by architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright and Le Corbusier, or as an educational heurism, as in the case of the work of Indian architect Anupama Kundoo.

Architecture was "archaically" defined in Western history by Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (Rome c. 40 BC) as a culturally "higher order". In the writing, *De architectura* (On Architecture, in Ten Books), Vitruvius also formalised written Western architectural education. Other cultures also have aural and tactile non-textual architectural education traditions. Contemporary education about the order and placement of things has been regarded as a hermeneutic (in Schleiermacher's sense): as developing citizens' understanding about the ecological significance of arrangements of people and things in particular human environments.

## List of architectural educators

Some architectural educators are: