title: Fartman (Howard Stern)

abstract: Fartman is a fictional superhero, popularized and portrayed by American radio "shock jock" Howard Stern. The character first appeared in an issue of the National Lampoon humor magazine in the late 1970s. A recorded version of the character also appeared on National Lampoon's White Album in 1979. Stern began using the character on The Howard Stern Show in the early 1980s. According to the trademark that Howard Stern filed for the character on October 16, 1992, he first used Fartman in July 1981, when Adam West was a guest on his show, to which he made an impromptu Fartman outfit in five minutes, although the original outfit contained a toilet seat necklace which Stern later discontinued from his motif. Fartman generally attacks evil using his super powered flatulence, which also allows him to fly through the air.

text:
# Fartman (Howard Stern)

**Fartman** is a fictional superhero, popularized and portrayed by American radio "shock jock" Howard Stern. The character first appeared in an issue of the *National Lampoon* humor magazine in the late 1970s (Vol. 2, No. 11, June, 1979, Page 28). A recorded version of the character also appeared on *National Lampoon's White Album* in 1979. Stern began using the character on *The Howard Stern Show* in the early 1980s. According to the trademark that Howard Stern filed for the character on October 16, 1992, he first used Fartman in July 1981, when Adam West was a guest on his show, to which he made an impromptu Fartman outfit in five minutes, although the original outfit contained a toilet seat necklace which Stern later discontinued from his motif.

Fartman generally attacks evil using his super powered flatulence, which also allows him to fly through the air.

## Feature film

In the early 1990s, Stern considered producing a movie based on this successful and well-received character from the show. Stern first revealed his intentions to make a Fartman movie in 1992.

On November 25, 1992, *Variety* reported that J. F. Lawton, writer of *Pretty Woman* and *Under Siege*, was planning to write and direct New Line Cinema's Stern's film project, titled *The Adventures of Fartman*. The film, which would be budgeted at $8 million-to-$11 million, was expected to go into production the following May in New York. David Permut would produce the film under his Permut Presentations Banner, which has a first-look deal at New Line. According to Lawton, *The Adventures of Fartman* would revolve around the superhero and his alter ego, a magazine publisher in the mold of *Screw* magazine's Al Goldstein.

On June 28, 1993, *Time* magazine reported that Lawton was working on a screenplay for *The Adventures of Fartman*. Lawton told *Time*, "There's a lot of nudity, some harsh language, a lesbian love scene, and the main character works for an underground sex magazine. We told New Line Cinema the plot, and they said, 'Yeah, it sounds great. But can't we make it PG-13?'"

The *Fartman* movie was not put into production. Instead, Stern made a movie out of his bestselling book, *Private Parts*. *Private Parts* hit theaters on March 7, 1997, with the opening scene being a reenactment of Stern’s Fartman appearance at the 1992 *MTV Music Awards*.

In 1999, Stern hoped to follow up the success of *Private Parts* with a movie about the Fartman character.

Early in the year, Howard revealed he was in talks with studios to finally produce *Fartman*. He said that it would go into production in the summer of 1999, and that there were studios prepared to finance it. In December, Stern stated that the movie was on hold. Though he had a script, and two studios willing to produce it, he was unsure that it was the right time to do it. Stern also didn't want to make a PG-13 version of the film, the way the studios wanted it to be.

In 2002, Stern considered shooting the *Fartman* movie on video for his fans, but to date no official productions have been greenlit.

Fartman was considered by Vince McMahon to be brought in as a one time character for WrestleMania, but he and Howard Stern had different views on how to show him. Stern wanted to have his character knock out a wrestler with flatulence, but McMahon wanted Stern to get pummeled by a wrestler.

## Comics

In November 1995, ReganBooks released *Miss America*, the second book by Stern, which includes a five-page comic book story featuring Fartman. It was written and drawn by Tom Morgan, based on Lawton's unproduced screenplay, and printed as a glossy paper insert.

## Short film

In April 2006, the Howard Stern Film Festival took place at the Hudson Theatre in New York City, NY. While announcing the competition, Stern encouraged fans to make short films about not only the show and its cast, but popular bits and characters such as Fartman. Many films included Fartman, but while none of those were chosen as finalists, one submission did find a degree of success.

Director Tammy Caplan's *Fartman: Caught in a Tight Ass* stars Fartman and introduces the evil villain, Tight Ass, who has the ability to squeeze weapons from his ass. It also features a love interest for Fartman, the beautiful Labia Lips. The film was first chosen as a potential finalist in the festival, but later disqualified for using professional actors from the Screen Actors Guild.

Following the festival, *Fartman: Caught in a Tight Ass* began airing on *Howard TV*, Howard Stern’s iN Demand Cable Channel as part of their “Best of the Film Festival” series. This is the first live action *Fartman* movie ever to be shown on television. In 2007, *Fartman: Caught in a Tight Ass* first appeared on Atom Films.

## InfoBox

| Fartman | |
| --- | --- |
| First appearance | June 1979 in *National Lampoon* |
| In-universe information | |
| Species | Human |


title: Angola at the 2024 Summer Paralympics

text:
# Angola at the 2024 Summer Paralympics

Angola competed at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris, France, from 28 August to 8 September 2024.

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games, including game-eligible alternates in team sports.

| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Athletics | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Total | 1 | 1 | 2 |

## Athletics

Key * **Note**–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
* **Q** = Qualified for the next round
* **q** = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser *or*, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
* **DQ** = Disqualified
* **PR** = Paralympic Record
* **AR** = Area (or continental) Record
* **NR** = National Record
* N/A = Round not applicable for the event
* Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round
Track & road events Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Sabino Benbua | Men's 400 m T47 | 53.30 | 7 | *Did not advance* | |

Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Juliana Moko | Women's 100 m T11 | 12.51 | 2 **q** | 12.56 | 4 | *Did not advance* | |
| | Women's 200 m T11 | 26.28 | 4 | *Did not advance* | | | |
| | Women's 400 m T11 | 1:03.78 | 2 **q** | 1:01.69 | 3 | Did not advance | |

## InfoBox

| Angola at the
2024 Summer Paralympics | |
| --- | --- |
| Flag of Angola | |
| IPC code | ANG |
| NPC | Comité Paralímpico Angolano |
| in Paris, France
August 28, 2024 (2024-08-28) – September 8, 2024 (2024-09-08) | |
| Competitors | 2 (1 man and 1 woman) in 1 sport |
| Flag bearers | Juliana Moko
Abraao Sapalo |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| Summer Paralympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


title: Edward Conard

abstract: Edward W. Conard is an American businessman, author and scholar. He is a New York Times-bestselling author of The Upside of Inequality: How Good Intentions Undermine the Middle Class and Unintended Consequences: Why Everything You've Been Told About the Economy Is Wrong; and a contributor to Oxford University Press' United States Income, Wealth, Consumption, and Inequality. Conard is an adjunct fellow at the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research. Previously, he was a managing director at Bain Capital, where he worked closely with former presidential candidate Mitt Romney.

text:
# Edward Conard

**Edward W. Conard** is an American businessman, author and scholar. He is a *New York Times*-bestselling author of *The Upside of Inequality: How Good Intentions Undermine the Middle Class* and *Unintended Consequences: Why Everything You've Been Told About the Economy Is Wrong;* and a contributor to Oxford University Press' *United States Income, Wealth, Consumption, and Inequality.* Conard is an adjunct fellow at the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research. Previously, he was a managing director at Bain Capital, where he worked closely with former presidential candidate Mitt Romney.

## Early life and education

Conard grew up in the Detroit metropolitan area and graduated from the University of Michigan with a BSE in Operations Research in 1978. He earned his MBA with distinction from Harvard Business School in 1982.

## Early career and Bain Capital

Prior to business school, Conard worked as an automotive engineer at Ford Motor Company. After graduating, he joined Bain & Company, the Boston-based global management-consulting firm, eventually becoming a vice president and leading the firm's industrial practice.

Conard left Bain in 1990 to become a director at Wasserstein Perella & Co., a boutique investment bank. At Wassernstein, he headed the firm's Transaction Development Group.

Conard was a managing director at Bain Capital, the head of Bain's New York office and the leader of its industrial practice. He joined the firm in 1993 prior to the firm raising $300 million of private equity. When Conard retired in 2007, Bain Capital managed $75 billion of capital and had offices in Boston, New York, San Francisco, London, Paris, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Mumbai. His first acquisition was that of a pharmaceutical company for half a billion dollars. That same company later rose to more than $10 billion in value.

While at Bain Capital, Conard took Waters Corporation, DDI, ChipPac, Innophos, and Sensata public and sat on their boards of directors. He still sits on the board of Waters Corporation.

## Writing, speaking, and scholar career

Conard is the author of two top-ten *The New York Times* bestsellers: *Unintended Consequences: Why Everything You've Been Told About the Economy Is Wrong* and *The Upside of Inequality: How Good Intentions Undermine the Middle Class*; and a contributor to Oxford University Press' *United States Income, Wealth, Consumption, and Inequality.* He became the tenth most searched author on Google in 2012 after publishing his first book. Conard joined the American Enterprise Institute as a visiting scholar in 2012. His work with AEI focuses on U.S. economic policy - in particular, on the effect of taxes, government policies, and finance on risk-taking and innovation.

### *Unintended Consequences*

Conard published *Unintended Consequences: Why Everything You've Been Told About the Economy Is Wrong* in May 2012. The book was featured on the cover of the *New York Times Sunday Magazine* and went on to become a *New York Times* top ten non-fiction bestseller.

While *The New York Times* predicted the book might become "the most hated book of the year," leading economists such as Greg Mankiw, Andrei Shleifer, Steven Levitt, Nouriel Roubini, Tyler Cowen, and Glenn Hubbard publicly endorsed the book. In contrast to *The New York Times*, *The Wall Street Journal* called the book "a full throttle defense of economic dynamism…refreshing at a time when so many take the failure of capitalism for granted." *The New York Times* described *Unintended Consequences* as "…arguing that growing income inequality shows the economy is working." Timothy Noah, the author of *The Great Divergence: America's Growing Inequality* noted: "the biggest surprise, on opening *Unintended Consequences*, lies in discovering that this book isn't about income inequality at all." The book analyzes why the U.S. has outperformed other high-wage economies, explains the causes of the financial crisis, and makes recommendations for accelerating growth in its aftermath. Conard summarizes his book in a 23-minute video for The UP Experience.

Since its publication, Conard has made over 250 television appearances in which he has debated leading economists including Paul Krugman, Joe Stiglitz, Alan Krueger, Austan Goolsbee, and Jared Bernstein; journalists including Fareed Zakaria, Chris Hayes, and Andrew Ross Sorkin; and politicians such as Barney Frank, Howard Dean, and Eliot Spitzer. Conard also debated Jon Stewart for 33 minutes, one of Stewart's longest interviews. The video of the debate has received nearly 100,000 views. He has also written op-eds for *The Wall Street Journal*, *The Washington Post*, *Foreign Affairs*, *Harvard Business Review*, *Fortune*, and *Politico*, among others.

### *The Upside of Inequality*

Conard published *The Upside of Inequality: How Good Intentions Undermine the Middle Class* in September 2016. The book debuted at #8 on *The New York Times* top ten non-fiction list and reached #1 on *The New York Times* business book list.

*The Upside of Inequality* was met with positive reviews, including former president of Harvard University and economist Larry Summers, a very tough critic on the other side of the aisle, blurbed "I profoundly disagree but respect the clarity with which he makes his case..." and called it "a very valuable contribution" that will "sharpen your thinking on critical economic issues." Noted economist Tyler Cowen who wrote on Bloomberg News: "Conard's central idea is that risk-bearing equity capital is the truly scarce asset in most economic situations, and economic analysis should adapt accordingly. He is very creative in seeing some of the implications of this view. I... found it very stimulating to ponder. It puts many of the pieces together in a new and different way." Harvard economist Greg Mankiw recommended Upside and interviewed Conard on C-SPAN. David Author, George Borjas, Larry Lindsey, and other prominent economists also praised it. *National Review* said the book is a "rousing defense of conservative beliefs about how markets and incentives drive prosperity."

## Political activities

In March 2011, Conard made a $1 million U.S. dollar contribution to the super PAC promoting Mitt Romney's candidacy in the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election through W Spann LLC, a shell corporation that rendered him anonymous and appeared to exist for the sole purpose of contributing to Romney's campaign. In August 2011, he came forward to quell the controversy that arose.

## Personal life

Conard is married to Jill Davis, an author and former writer for the *Late Show with David Letterman*.

## InfoBox

| Edward Conard | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Edward Walter Conard |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | BSE University of Michigan at Ann Arbor * MBA 1982 Harvard Business School |
| Employers | self - independent director |
| Spouse | Jill A. Davis (m. May 13, 2000) |
| Website | www.edwardconard.com |


abstract: The 1934 Kentucky State Thorobreds football team was an American football team that represented Kentucky State Industrial College as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1934 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Henry Kean, the team compiled an 8–0 record, won the MAA championship, shut out seven of eight opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 193 to 2. The team was recognized as the black college national champion. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Frankfort, Kentucky. Notable players included Joe "Tarzan" Kendall, an inductee of the College Football Hall of Fame.

text:
# 1934 Kentucky State Thorobreds football team

The **1934 Kentucky State Thorobreds football team** was an American football team that represented Kentucky State Industrial College (now known as Kentucky State University) as a member of the Midwest Athletic Association (MAA) during the 1934 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Henry Kean, the team compiled an 8–0 record, won the MAA championship, shut out seven of eight opponents, and outscored all opponents by a total of 193 to 2. The team was recognized as the black college national champion. The team played its home games at Alumni Field in Frankfort, Kentucky. Notable players included Joe "Tarzan" Kendall, an inductee of the College Football Hall of Fame.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| October 6 | at West Virginia State | Institute, WV | W 14–0 |  |  |
| October 13 | Wilberforce | Frankfort, KY | W 15–0 |  |  |
| October 27 | vs. Tuskegee |  | W 6–2 |  |  |
| November 3 | Morris Brown | * Alumni Field * Frankfort, KY | W 21–0 |  |  |
| November 10 | Fisk | Frankfort, KY | W 44–0 |  |  |
| November 17 | at Lincoln (MO) | Jefferson City, MO | W 33–0 |  |  |
| November 24 | Louisville Municipal | * Alumni Field * Frankfort, KY | W 27–0 |  |  |
| December 8 | at Wiley |  | W 33–0 | 2,000 |  |

## InfoBox

| 1934 Kentucky State Thorobreds football | |
| --- | --- |
| Black college national champion<br>MAA champion | |
| Conference | Midwest Athletic Association |
| Record | 8–0 ( MAA) |
| Head coach |  |
|


title: (−1)F

abstract: In a quantum field theory with fermions, (−1)F is a unitary, Hermitian, involutive operator where F is the fermion number operator. For the example of particles in the Standard Model, it is equal to the sum of the lepton number plus the baryon number, F = B + L. The action of this operator is to multiply bosonic states by 1 and fermionic states by −1. This is always a global internal symmetry of any quantum field theory with fermions and corresponds to a rotation by 2π. This splits the Hilbert space into two superselection sectors. Bosonic operators commute with (−1)F whereas fermionic operators anticommute with it. This operator really shows its utility in supersymmetric theories. Its trace is the spectral asymmetry of the fermion spectrum, and can be understood physically as the Casimir effect.

text:
# (−1)F

In a quantum field theory with fermions, **(−1)*F*** is a unitary, Hermitian, involutive operator where *F* is the fermion number operator. For the example of particles in the Standard Model, it is equal to the sum of the lepton number plus the baryon number, *F* = *B* \+ *L*. The action of this operator is to multiply bosonic states by 1 and fermionic states by −1. This is always a global internal symmetry of any quantum field theory with fermions and corresponds to a rotation by 2π. This splits the Hilbert space into two superselection sectors. Bosonic operators commute with (−1)*F* whereas fermionic operators anticommute with it.

This operator really shows its utility in supersymmetric theories. Its trace is the spectral asymmetry of the fermion spectrum, and can be understood physically as the Casimir effect.

1. Terning, John (2006). *Modern Supersymmetry:Dynamics and Duality: Dynamics and Duality*. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-856763-4.

## Further reading


title: Arrowad Group

abstract: Arrowad is a group of institutions with core activities in developing human resources and improving institutional performance.

text:
# Arrowad Group

**Arrowad** is a group of institutions with core activities in developing human resources and improving institutional performance.

## Ownership

Arrowad Group was founded in 1990 as a system of autonomous institutions actively functioning in the areas of education, consultation, training, continuous improvement, information technology and media. These companies are operating in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, Sudan, Oman, UK and others.

## Education

Although Arrowad Group has various roles to fulfill, education is the main function. The group has been establishing and running K-12 schools systems in KSA, Qatar, UK and others. These systems include IGCSE and SAT and the national curricula. Arrowad Group owns Arrowad International Schools in Riyadh, Arrowad International Schools in Doha, Arrowad Schools in Abha, Arrowad Schools in Buraydah, Arrowad Schools in Badaae, Arrowad Schools in Khamis Mushayt and others. The group has no contributions in higher education yet, however they offer teacher training qualification. The most notable is INTEREDU for qualifying teachers and fresh graduates to work for international schools.

## Criticisms

## Service

Arrowad Group has a number of companies working on consultation, training, continuous improvement, information technology and media in the Middle East and North Africa. Continual improvement using KAIZEN methodology has been the focus of Arrowad Group for the past several years. They believe that KAIZEN and similar approaches will help transforming economies such as the Saudi economy via KSA's national transformation program achieve more effective spending as a central objective in the government Vision2030.

Official website

## InfoBox

Arrowad Group
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Education and Service |
| Founded | 1990 (1990) |
| Headquarters | Saudi Arabia |
| Key people | Mr. Abdullah bin Ibrahim Al-Khalaf, Founder and President |
| Number of employees | Over 800 full-time staff members |
| Website | http://www.arrowad.sa/ |


title: Avion Presidente Juarez

abstract: Avion Presidente Juarez was the Mexican presidential airplane.

text:
# Avion Presidente Juarez

**Avion Presidente Juarez** was the Mexican presidential airplane.

## History

This presidential aircraft is considered the best in Latin America. The plane is certified to fly by instruments under any weather conditions, has a range of nearly eleven hours of flight and can travel six thousand miles per tank at cruising speed. Inside, the Benito Juarez has room for 66 passengers and 15 crew members. At the center of the ship there is an area reserved for the President, which includes an office, bedroom and bathroom. In addition, due to spending enough time in hangar-unlike, for example, the Air Force of Argentina and Chile, which are open-parked, weather-related damage to this particular plane is relatively minimal. However, it has not been without incident. On February 8, 2008, Benito Juárez staggered before landing in Newark, New Jersey, so the pilot had to balance the plane to prevent from proceeding to the grasslands of the Newark airport.

### Previous planes

* El Mexicano *The Mexican*
* Francisco Zarco
* El Ciudad de México *The Mexico City*
* El Tenochtitlán, El Guanajuato, El Jalisco, El Puebla
* Miguel Hidalgo (a.k.a. El Topo Gigio)
* Quetzalcoatl I and Quetzalcoatl II

## Sections

It has two sections. The first section is called the VIP section, and the second section is the regular section. On the first section the president, special guests and the leader of the Estado Mayor Presidencial travel; journalists and military personnel travel in the second section.

## Other aircraft

The Mexican president also uses smaller airplanes for local trips. Some such as a Gulfstream III. Other airplanes used are Learjet 36A, Learjet 35A and Rockwell Turbocommander 695A. Helicopters are also used such as Eurocopter Super Puma and Puma.

This is a list of all presidential aircraft in 2010 The current presidential fleet as of 2010 is as follows:

| Aircraft | Registration | Code Name |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Boeing 757-225 | XC-UJM | TP-01 |
| Boeing 737-300 | XC-UJB | TP-02 |
| Boeing 737-322 | XC-LJG | TP-03 |
| Gulfstream III | XC-UJN | TP-06 |
| Gulfstream III | XC-UJO | TP-07 |
| Learjet 35A | XC-IPP | TP-104 |
| Rockwell Turbocommander 695A | XC-UTA | TP-216 |
| Super Puma AS332 | XC-UHV | TPH-01 |
| Super Puma AS332 | XC-UHU | TPH-02 |
| Super Puma AS332 | XC-UHO | TPH-03 |
| Super Puma AS332 | XC-UHM | TPH-05 |
| Super Puma AS332 | XC-UHP | TPH-06 |
| Puma SA330 | XC-UHC | TPH-08 |
| Puma SA330 | XC-UHA | TPH-09 |


title: Ashebrook Park, North Carolina

abstract: Ashebrook Park is an unincorporated community in Gaston County, North Carolina, United States. It is located approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) northwest of Dallas.

text:
# Ashebrook Park, North Carolina

**Ashebrook Park** is an unincorporated community in Gaston County, North Carolina, United States. It is located approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) northwest of Dallas.

1. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Ashebrook Park, North Carolina
2. "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved January 31, 2008.

## InfoBox

| Ashebrook Park, North Carolina | |
| --- | --- |
| Populated place | |
| Location within the U.S. state of North Carolina | |
| Coordinates: 35°20′32″N 81°13′34″W / 35.34222°N 81.22611°W / 35.34222; -81.22611 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | North Carolina |
| County | Gaston |
| Elevation | 856 ft (261 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| Area code | 704 |
| FIPS code | 37-02130 |
| GNIS feature ID | 980321 |


abstract: Between 1990 and 2004, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued fines totaling $2.5 million to radio licensees for airing material it deemed indecent from The Howard Stern Show, the highest amount of any American radio show. The Supreme Court had provided broadcasting guidelines for indecent material in its 1978 ruling in its landmark decision, in which the court prohibited the "seven dirty words" made famous by comedian George Carlin. The FCC had received complaints about Howard Stern as early as 1981, but its limited power at the time prevented further action taking place. The FCC broadened its guidelines in 1987 following an investigation over indecencies broadcast on the show. In 1990, Infinity Broadcasting, owner of Stern's flagship station WXRK and some of his syndication affiliates, was issued its first fine. Two penalties issued in 1992 worth $105,000 and $600,000 were the highest the agency had fined any broadcaster over such matters. Further violations led to almost $2 million in fines being issued by the end of 1994. A settlement reached between the FCC and Infinity in 1995 included a $1.715 million payment to dismiss all outstanding indecency cases. In 2004, the crackdown on broadcasting indecency following the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy led to two additional fines being issued from past shows. Stern announced his departure from "terrestrial" radio to begin a five-year contract with Sirius Satellite Radio, a subscription-based satellite radio service not subjected to the FCC's broadcast obscenity rules. The Howard Stern Show aired for the last time on AM and FM airwaves on December 16, 2005.

text:
# Federal Communications Commission fines of The Howard Stern Show

Between 1990 and 2004, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) issued fines totaling $2.5 million to radio licensees for airing material it deemed indecent from *The Howard Stern Show*, the highest amount of any American radio show. The Supreme Court had provided broadcasting guidelines for indecent material in its 1978 ruling in its landmark decision, in which the court prohibited the "seven dirty words" made famous by comedian George Carlin. The FCC had received complaints about Howard Stern as early as 1981, but its limited power at the time prevented further action taking place.

The FCC broadened its guidelines in 1987 following an investigation over indecencies broadcast on the show. In 1990, Infinity Broadcasting, owner of Stern's flagship station WXRK and some of his syndication affiliates, was issued its first fine. Two penalties issued in 1992 worth $105,000 and $600,000 were the highest the agency had fined any broadcaster over such matters. Further violations led to almost $2 million in fines being issued by the end of 1994. A settlement reached between the FCC and Infinity in 1995 included a $1.715 million payment to dismiss all outstanding indecency cases.

In 2004, the crackdown on broadcasting indecency following the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy led to two additional fines being issued from past shows. Stern announced his departure from "terrestrial" radio to begin a five-year contract with Sirius Satellite Radio, a subscription-based satellite radio service not subjected to the FCC's broadcast obscenity rules. *The Howard Stern Show* aired for the last time on AM and FM airwaves on December 16, 2005.

## Background

| FCC fines issued | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date | Amount | Company | Outcome |
| November 29, 1990 | $6,000 | Infinity | Paid; part of 1995 settlement |
| October 27, 1992 | $105,000 | Greater Media | Paid |
| December 18, 1992 | $600,000 | Infinity | Paid; part of 1995 settlement |
| August 12, 1993 | $500,000 | | |
| August 12, 1993 | $73,750 | Americom | Rescinded in 2000 |
| February 1, 1994 | $37,500 | | |
| February 1, 1994 | $400,000 | Infinity | Paid; part of 1995 settlement |
| May 20, 1994 | $200,000 | | |
| October 15, 1996 | $10,000 | Benchmark | Reduced to $6,000; paid |
| April 8, 1997 | $12,000 | EZ | Paid |
| June 24, 1997 | $6,000 | Infinity | Rescinded in 2001 |
| June 5, 1998 | $2,000 | Eagle Radio | Paid |
| June 29, 1998 | $6,000 | Clear Channel | |
| March 18, 2004 | $27,500 | Viacom | Paid; part of 2004 settlements |
| April 8, 2004 | $495,000 | Clear Channel | |
|

In 1978, the United States Supreme Court upheld the FCC's authority to fine broadcasts for indecent programming at hours when children could be listening. The landmark decision followed a 1973 airing of *Filthy Words*, a 12-minute monologue by comedian George Carlin that featured repetitive use of the "seven dirty words". Between 1975 and 1987, no television or radio broadcaster was fined over indecency. The FCC deemed the seven words outlined in the Carlin monologue as indecent, and was only concerned with such material. Until 1987, this indecency ruling provided broadcasters with a clear, albeit limited, guide to follow.

The FCC had received complaints from listeners about Howard Stern since 1981, when he hosted mornings at WWDC in Washington, D.C. The Communications Act of 1934 and First Amendment laws, however, limited its power to take further action. In reply to a complaint about Stern in 1985, who by now had relocated to afternoons on WNBC in New York City, the FCC responded, "Our role in overseeing program content is...very limited...the First Amendment protects the right of broadcasters to air statements which may be offensive, and a free society requires governmental forbearance in those instances." Following his abrupt firing from WNBC, Stern returned to afternoons on WXRK in New York owned by Infinity Broadcasting, and moved to mornings from 6:00 am in February 1986.

## 1986–87: Revised indecency standard

Stern entered national syndication when Infinity's WYSP in Philadelphia first simulcast his show on August 18, 1986. James McKinney, chief of the FCC's Mass Media Bureau, reported that more Philadelphia listeners complained about Stern in the first three months on WYSP than those in New York had in three years. McKinney opened an investigation on November 14, 1986 after WYSP was among three stations cited for material considered indecent. Infinity was given 30 days to respond to three singled-out complaints that believed Stern had violated Section 1464 of the United States Code, as well as Philadelphia's community standards. Two of them were forwarded on September 26 and November 6 by Donald Wildmon, a United Methodist minister and director of the National Federation for Decency. The third was filed on October 27 by Mary Keeley, a mother of a 15-year-old Stern fan, who was directed to the FCC by Morality in Media. In one cited excerpt, Stern asked a caller if they ever had sex with an animal, and replied with "Well, don't knock it. I was sodomized by Lamb Chop, you know that puppet Shari Lewis holds?" The same broadcasts aired in New York, but was not in question to the inquiry.

Mel Karmazin, the president of Infinity, defended Stern in a 44-page response on December 22, 1986. He argued that show is "comedic in nature" but is "undeniably provocative and controversial, thereby inescapably offensive to some persons of delicate sensibility," and suggested "a handful of complaints...cannot establish a local standard for a major metropolitan area such as Philadelphia". Karmazin also pointed out that there had been no complaint of the use of the seven dirty words, and included letters of praise from those supporting WYSP for carrying Stern's program.

On April 16, 1987, the FCC concluded that Stern had aired indecent material several times. In some instances, his broadcasts "did not merely consist of an occasional off-color reference or expletive, but...a dwelling on sexual and excretory matters in a way that was patently offensive". No fine was imposed, since the FCC believed there may have been some uncertainty as to the reach of the Carlin case, and that its Section 1464 indecency provisions were applied for the first time in a number of years. Infinity was instead warned of the risk of fines or the loss of its broadcast license if violations occurred. The investigation caused the FCC to expand its indecency standard beyond the seven dirty words, to "language or material that depicts or describes, in terms patently offensive as measured by contemporary community standards for the broadcast medium, sexual or excretory activities or organs". As the comments cited in the initial complaints were made between 6:00 and 10:00 am, when there is a "reasonable risk that children may have been in the audience", they would be termed indecent, and therefore actionable, under the new definition.

Following the FCC's decision, Stern hosted a live "FCC Freedom Rally" among a crowd of 3,000 people at Dag Hammarskjöld Plaza. "The FCC wants to clean up the show...let them try...I'm going to continue to do what I do," he cried. The Arbitron ratings showed that Stern gained over 30,000 regular listeners in New York while losing half the number in Philadelphia. Fifteen national radio and television broadcasters including NBC, ABC, and CBS, joined Infinity in a petition demanding that the FCC provide better clarification on its new indecency guideline. In November 1987, the FCC established a "safe harbor" period which permitted material that would otherwise be considered indecent to air between midnight and 6:00 am.

## 1988–91: First Infinity fine

WJFK-FM in Washington, D.C. became the third Infinity station to air *The Howard Stern Show* in October 1988. Two months later, Anne Stommel of New Jersey mistakenly tuned her radio to hear Stern talk about having naked women in for an upcoming show. She recorded the "Christmas Party" broadcast on December 16 that featured a man playing the piano with his penis, a choir singing about gay sex to the tune of "White Christmas", and women being hypnotized to achieve orgasm. Under the referral of her senator and congressman, Stommel filed a complaint with transcripts and tape of the program. The FCC reviewed the evidence, and asked Infinity in October 1989 for an explanation as the material "may have violated \[federal law\] by including indecent programming during daytime hours". Karmazin argued that the term "patently offensive" in its new ruling was vague, and that the sexual references cited were no more offensive than daytime television shows *Geraldo* and *Donahue*, which used similar terms without repercussions.

Karmazin's response was rejected, and the three stations that aired the show received a Notice of Apparent Liability (NAL) worth $2,000 on November 29, 1990. The FCC noted the show contained "frequent and explicit" references to sexual activities and organs that were made in a "pandering and titillating" fashion. Karmazin contested in February and June 1991 to deny that the broadcast had violated Section 1464, to which the FCC rejected both arguments, and formally upheld a Forfeiture Order in 1992. After two further petitions were denied, Karmazin stated in 1993 to take the matter to the United States district court. As he contested, additional complaints regarding Stern led to further NALs being issued.

## 1991–93: Greater Media, Americom and Infinity fines

Stern began to air on WJFK-AM in Baltimore and KLSX in Los Angeles, owned by Infinity and Greater Media respectively, in 1991. The show aired live on the West Coast from 3:00 am PST followed by a tape delay replay from 6:00 am PST. A complaint was sent to the FCC in February 1992 from Al Westcott, a listener in Torrance, California who supplied 60 hours of recordings and a 19-page single-spaced transcript. Upon review of his letter, Greater Media was issued with a NAL worth $105,000 for the "apparent wilful and repeated violation\[s\]" of the Section 1464 standard at hours when children may be in the audience. The FCC found comments that were actionable from 12 shows between October 30 and December 6, 1991, including those about masturbating to a picture of Aunt Jemima, rectal bleeding, a sexual fantasy with actress Michelle Pfeiffer, the shaving of pubic hair, paedophilia and the arrest of actor Paul Reubens for indecent exposure. Westcott hailed the fine as a "mammoth victory ... not for me and not against Howard Stern but purely on behalf of the children of the country". After the fine was issued it became apparent to some KLSX listeners that portions of the show were being edited. Executives at Greater Media admitted to have removed comments from the 6:00 am replay that they found questionable from the New York feed to avoid the risk of further fines as the "safe harbor" rulings came into effect at that time. A settlement was reached between the FCC and Greater Media in 1997 that involved the fine being paid and the complaint dismissed.

> "Some could say this is a personal vendetta, some could say it's a crusade...I prefer to say I found something offensive and I'm committed to clean up the airwaves...Some people could look at it as if I'm targeting Howard Stern. He's just the most obvious, the most far-reaching and the most popular of the disc jockeys."

– Al Westcott in 1992.

In October 1992 the FCC asked Infinity if the material subject to the Greater Media fine aired on its affiliates WXRK, WYSP and WJFK-FM and if so, at what time. After Infinity claimed the shows did air between the hours of 6:00 and 10:00 am, the FCC acted on December 18 to issue a combined $600,000 NAL, rather than revoke its broadcasting licenses. Karmazin continued to appeal the FCC's decisions. "We have difficulties with the FCC, but I sincerely believe that Howard's show is constitutionally protected material," he responded. The FCC warned Infinity of the possible removal of its licenses if Stern continued to violate their indecency policies. Stern verbally attacked the FCC's chairman Alfred C. Sikes by "praying" he would suffer a relapse of prostate cancer after Sikes had a tumour removed.

Westcott moved from California to Las Vegas, Nevada in early 1992, and continued to monitor the show when it aired on KFBI, owned by Americom Las Vegas, in November. He announced that month his intention to file a complaint to the FCC that cited 70 instances of "indecent statements, scenarios and song parodies" during Stern's first week on the station. Americom received a $73,750 NAL on August 12, 1993 for actionable indecency violations that aired on nine shows between November 10, 1992 and January 13, 1993. The FCC noted references of bowel movements, anal fissures, masturbation, the "Tribute to Vagina" segment from Stern's *Butt Bongo Fiesta* videotape, penises and a raunchy conversation with a Woody Allen impersonator. Infinity received a fine that totalling $500,000 on the same day for airing the same broadcasts on WXRK, WYSP, WJFK-FM and WJFK-AM. The FCC decided not to revoke its licenses as no actionable complaints about Stern were received since January 1993. Infinity had also reminded the FCC of its efforts since November 1992 to comply with the indecency rules that involved multiple "dump" mechanisms, monitoring of the show by station management and consultations with Stern and his staff. Infinity was informed however, that any future infractions over indecency would place its position as a licensee in question. In 2000, Americom's forfeiture was dismissed after "a significant amount of time" had passed since it was issued, including the broadcasts in question.

## 1993–94: Delayed Infinity purchases

In June 1993 it was agreed for Infinity to purchase KRTH in Los Angeles from Beasley Broadcast Group for $110 million, the highest price ever paid for a radio station. As an approval from the FCC was required for the transfer of licenses, the outcome was delayed while further indecency complaints about Stern were investigated. On February 1, 1994 the FCC acted upon a 2–1 vote to approve the deal. Commissioner James Henry Quello voted against as he believed an approval may have been misinterpreted as the FCC endorsing Stern. In addition to the approval the FCC agreed to the filing of a $37,500 NAL to Americom for further indecency violations on KFBI. The actionable complaints had cited references to the soiled underwear of Stern's wife, vibrators, paedophilia and incest from September 30, October 6 and October 12, 1993. On the same day, a combined NAL worth $400,000 was issued to Infinity for airing the same broadcasts on WXRK, WYSP, WJFK-FM and WJFK-AM. A segment from August 4, 1993 was also cited, where Stern detailed a sexual encounter between himself and his wife. As with its first, the FCC dismissed Americom's second forfeiture in 2000.

In 1994, a complaint sent to the FCC cited offensive material on two shows from December 6, 1993 and January 19, 1994 that aired on WWKB in Buffalo, New York. Upon review, Infinity received a collective $200,000 fine on May 20, with the four Infinity stations being given penalties of $50,000 each. The offending dialogue included talk of masturbation and a story from cast member Jackie Martling about vomiting during oral sex. During an industry seminar in 1994, Karmazin revealed that Infinity had spent over $3 million in legal expenses regarding Stern and the FCC. He refused to pay the fines set against the company because the FCC was "not clarifying the \[indecency\] rules...or telling us exactly what we did wrong...we think that it's wrong to take the cheaper way out \[and pay the fines\]."

## 1995–98: Infinity settles with the FCC

In a turn of events, a settlement was reached between Infinity and the FCC that dismissed all outstanding indecency cases on September 1, 1995. Infinity agreed to make two payments totaling $1.715 million to the United States Treasury as a "voluntary contribution" while its five indecency NALs were cleared from the FCC's record. An additional $9,000 was given to settle all pending complaints. Though Infinity admitted no wrongdoing in the agreement, Stern accused the FCC of extortion, and called the payout "the biggest shakedown in history ... the bullies have won. I lost. That means we all lost." Stern, however, praised his employer. "They fought as long as they could. Honestly, I don't know what I would have done in their shoes ... they got jerked around plenty." With its clean record with the FCC, Infinity announced on September 22, 1995 the purchase of seven radio stations owned by Alliance Broadcasting for $275 million that expanded its number of outlets to 34. *The Howard Stern Show* was syndicated to 26 stations across the country by December 1995.

Following Infinity's settlement with the FCC, a series of smaller NALs were issued. Benchmark Communications, the licensee of show affiliate WVGO in Richmond, Virginia, was fined $10,000 in October 1996 for two broadcasts. The first involved the discussion of a sexual encounter between Stern and his wife from October 23, 1995, while the second concerned a segment from June 3, 1996 whereby the father of pornographic actress Jenna Jameson identified his daughter's vagina from a selection of photographs. Benchmark found the forfeiture excessive, and argued that it had maintained a history of compliance with the indecency rules. In 1997, the FCC reduced the penalty to $6,000 and was paid off. EZ Communications paid a $12,000 NAL issued April 1997 for six indecency violations on WEZB in New Orleans, two of which originated from *The Howard Stern Show* — the Jameson photograph segment and a discussion that referred to rectal bleeding from March 7, 1996. In June 1997, Infinity received its first NAL since its 1995 settlement of $6,000 for airing the October 23, 1995, March 7 and June 3, 1996 broadcasts on WXRK in New York City. However, the FCC dismissed the forfeiture as a "significant amount of time" had passed since the shows at issue had aired.

In June 1998, Eagle Radio was fined $2,000 for a discussion about soiled female underwear from September 30, 1993 on KEGL in Dallas, Texas. That month, Clear Channel Communications received a $6,000 NAL for three of Stern's broadcasts from February 7, 14 and April 25, 1997 on KKND in New Orleans. Transcripts of the offending material cited talk of college hazing that involved a pig, vaginas and a web site on bestiality. Both companies paid off their respective fines.

## 2004–05: Super Bowl XXXVIII aftermath

The Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show broadcast on February 1, 2004 was noted for an incident in which Janet Jackson's breast was exposed by Justin Timberlake for less than a second. The controversy surrounding the show led to an immediate crackdown on perceived indecency in broadcasting. Managers of radio and television stations prompted tighter control over content, which led to Stern feeling "dead...inside" creatively.

In 2003, activist and attorney Jack Thompson supplied the FCC with show transcripts from April 9, 2003 on WBGG in Miami, Florida, a station owned by Clear Channel. Included was discussions of the sex life of show member John Melendez and talk of Sphincterine, a product for maintaining anal and genital hygiene. On April 8, 2004, Clear Channel was fined $27,500 for each of the 18 violations for a combined $495,000 NAL for airing the broadcast on its six stations that carried Stern – WBGG, WTKS, WTFX, KIOZ, WNVE and WXDX. The fine came six days after the FCC warned it would fine broadcasters per offensive utterance, rather than an entire broadcast. Clear Channel responded by dropping *The Howard Stern Show* permanently on its six stations. Stern's audience increased by 23% in Chicago and 22% in New York, and he regained the morning top spot in Los Angeles amongst listeners aged 25–54 for the first time since 1995. In June 2004, Clear Channel agreed to a $1.75 million settlement that resolved the fine and several other pending indecency investigations. *The Howard Stern Show* returned on nine new stations located in five of the six markets that Clear Channel had removed it from, on Infinity-owned outlets, a month later.

The FCC issued a $27,500 fine to Infinity on March 18, 2004, after a listener filed a complaint for the July 26, 2001 broadcast on WKRK in Detroit, Michigan over sexual and scatological references. In the transcript cited, Stern and cast members Robin Quivers and Artie Lange discussed what the sexual terms "blumpkin", "balloon knot", "nasty sanchez" and the "David Copperfield" meant. On November 23, 2004, station owner Viacom agreed to a consent decree worth $3.5 million to the FCC, the largest settlement reached with federal regulators. The deal covered 50 radio and television broadcasts that awaited investigation from the past five years. A provision contained in the agreement ordered the suspension of any Viacom employee should they receive a fine for a broadcast on its stations after December 23, 2004 that violated indecency laws. In effect, a single NAL could have removed Stern from the air while the investigation occurred. Thompson had sent complaints since Stern began on WQAM in Miami on August 15, 2004, but WQAM was not subject to the provision because the station was owned by Beasley Broadcasting. In August 2005, the FCC was investigating a complaint from Thompson regarding "The Stupid Bowl" contest from February 4, which involved women golfing with strap-on dildos on their foreheads and singing with sausages in their mouths. Though the complaint, which cited WQAM and Infinity's WXRK in New York, did meet the requirements of the consent decree provision it caused no further action.

On October 6, 2004, Stern announced the signing of a five-year contract, starting in 2006, with Sirius Satellite Radio, a medium not subjected to the FCC's broadcast obscenity rules. He went into an exchange with Michael Powell, then-chairman of the FCC, when he was a guest on the Ronn Owens program on KGO on October 26, 2004. "I don't think that you personally hate me. I think what you've been doing is dangerous to free speech. I don't think it's just against me, I think things have gotten way out of control," said Stern when he called in. *The Howard Stern Show* aired for the final time on AM and FM airwaves on December 16, 2005. The fines issued by the FCC since 1990 had totaled $2.5 million.

### Footnotes

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3. Colford, p. 169.
4. Colford, p. 165.
5. Colford, p. 167.
6. Colford, pp. 134–136.
7. Colford, p. 148.
8. Creech, p. 80.
9. Colford, p. 170.
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26. Puig, Claudia (March 12, 1993). "Editing of Stern Show Admitted". *Los Angeles Times*. Retrieved January 22, 2011.
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32. Puig, Claudia (November 20, 1992). "Stern Show to Draw Another Complaint to FCC". *Los Angeles Times*. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
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36. Farhi, Paul (August 13, 1993). "Stern Gets Some Shock Treatment; Fined Again, Company Reins In Disc Jockey". *The Washington Post*. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012. Retrieved October 23, 2010.
37. Andrews, Edmund L. (November 27, 1992). "F.C.C. Torn Over Howard Stern Case". *The New York Times*. Retrieved January 22, 2011.
38. "8 FCC Rcd 6790 (1993)". *FCC Record*. **8** (19). Federal Communications Commission (UNT Digital Library): 6621–6998. August 12, 1993. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
39. "8 FCC Rcd 6740 (1993)". *FCC Record*. **8** (19). Federal Communications Commission (UNT Digital Library): 6621–6998. August 12, 1993. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
40. Sanders, Tony (November 25, 2005). "A Catalog of FCC Fines: Howard's End". *Billboard Radio Monitor*. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
41. "15 FCC Rcd 13550 (2000)". *FCC Record*. **15** (22). Federal Communications Commission (UNT Digital Library): 13199–13957. July 24, 2000. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
42. Lippman, John (June 17, 1993). "KRTH-FM to Be Sold to Rival for $110 Million". *Los Angeles Times*. Retrieved May 19, 2011.
43. L. Andrews, Edmund (December 31, 1993). "F.C.C. Delays Radio Deals By Howard Stern's Employer". *The New York Times*. Retrieved May 19, 2011.
44. Shiver, Jube (February 2, 1994). "FCC Won't Block Infinity's KRTH Buy". *Los Angeles Times*. Retrieved October 10, 2010.
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48. Colford, p. 259.
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51. Colford, pp. 263–264.
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53. Hinkley, David (September 12, 1995). "Stern FCC's red over fine calls $1.7M slap a 'shakedown'". *New York Daily News*. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
54. Colford, p. 256.
55. "11 FCC Rcd 13214 (1996)". *FCC Record*. **11** (24). Federal Communications Commission (UNT Digital Library): 13144–13731. October 15, 1996. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
56. "12 FCC Rcd 5918 (1997)". *FCC Record*. **12** (11). Federal Communications Commission (UNT Digital Library): 5853–6440. April 28, 1997. Retrieved January 23, 2011.
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### Sources


title: 1998 Super Tourenwagen Cup

abstract: The 1998 ADAC Deutsche Super Touren Wagen-Cup was the fifth edition of the Super Tourenwagen Cup (STW).

text:
# 1998 Super Tourenwagen Cup

The **1998 ADAC Deutsche Super Touren Wagen-Cup** was the fifth edition of the Super Tourenwagen Cup (STW).

## Season summary

After an open start to the season with four different winners in the first four races, BMW driver Johnny Cecotto and reigning champion and Peugeot driver Laurent Aïello soon emerged as the two championship contenders. Cecotto built up a sizeable lead during the season, but a late four-race winning streak ahead of the final weekend helped Aiello close the gap. After finishing third in the sprint race at the final event, one place ahead of Cecotto, Aiello passed Cecotto in the championship and led his Venezuelan rival by a single point before the deciding feature race. In that race, Cecotto would go on to finish fourth, two places ahead of Aiello, allowing him to claim the title.

## Teams and drivers

| Team Car No Drivers Rounds Class  Peugeot Esso Peugeot 406 1  Laurent Aïello All **M**  2  Jörg van Ommen All **M**  Paulaner Team Holzer Opel Vectra 3  Alexander Burgstaller All **M**  Opel Team Holzer 4  Uwe Alzen All **M**  Abt Sportsline Audi A4 5  Emanuele Pirro All **M**  TNT Team SMS Opel Vectra 6  Éric Hélary All **M**  Opel Team SMS 7  Manuel Reuter All **M**  BMW Team Schnitzer BMW 320i 8  Joachim Winkelhock All **T**  9  Johnny Cecotto All **T**  Euroteam S.R.L. Alfa Romeo 156 10  Stefano Modena All **T**  JAS Team Honda Sport Honda Accord 11  Gabriele Tarquini All **M**  12  Tom Kristensen All **M**  Mamerow Racing Team Audi A4 Quattro 14  Peter Mamerow 1-4 **T**  BMW 320i 5-10  Oliver Mayer Motorsport Audi A4 Quattro 15  Oliver Mayer 1-4, 6-7, 9-10 **T**  Auto Dienst Bemani Team Opel Vectra 16  Marco Bromberger 1-5, 7-10 **T**  Auto Plus Bemani Team 17  Klaus Niedzwiedz All **T**  Abt Sportsline Audi A4 18  Christian Abt All **M**  Irmscher Motorsport Opel Vectra 19  Franz Engstler All **T**  Alfa Corse Alfa Romeo 156 20  Nicola Larini 4 **T**  Peugeot Esso Peugeot 406 21  Michael Bartels 7-10 **M**  Nissan Primera Racing Nissan Primera GT 22  Michael Krumm All **M**  23  Roland Asch All **M**  Team Isert BMW 320i 25  Leopold Prinz von Bayern All **T**  26  Christian Menzel All **T**  Alfa Corse Alfa Romeo 156 30  Fabrizio Giovanardi 4 **T**  Abt Sportsline Audi A4 45  Frank Biela All **M** | Icon Class  **M** Drivers eligible to score points in the Manufactures Trophy  **T** Drivers eligible to score points in the Team Trophy |
| --- | --- |

## Race calendar and results

| Round | | Circuit | Date | Pole Position | Winning driver | Winning team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | R1 | Hockenheimring | 19 April | Laurent Aïello | Uwe Alzen | Opel Team Holzer |
| | | R2 |  | Manuel Reuter | Opel Team SMS |
| 2 | R1 | Nürburgring | 10 May | Roland Asch | Roland Asch | Nissan Primera Racing |
| | | R2 |  | Johnny Cecotto | BMW Team Schnitzer |
| 3 | R1 | Sachsenring | 24 May | Johnny Cecotto | Johnny Cecotto | BMW Team Schnitzer |
| | | R2 |  | Johnny Cecotto | BMW Team Schnitzer |
| 4 | R1 | Norisring | 6 July | Éric Hélary | Jörg van Ommen | Peugeot Esso |
| | | R2 |  | Laurent Aïello | Peugeot Esso |
| 5 | R1 | Lahr | 19 July | Uwe Alzen | Uwe Alzen | Opel Team Holzer |
| | | R2 |  | Gabriele Tarquini | JAS Team Honda Sport |
| 6 | R1 | Wunstorf | 2 August | Manuel Reuter | Laurent Aïello | Peugeot Esso |
| | | R2 |  | Manuel Reuter | Opel Team SMS |
| 7 | R1 | Zweibrücken | 16 August | Manuel Reuter | Johnny Cecotto | BMW Motorsport Team Schnitzer |
| | | R2 |  | Johnny Cecotto | BMW Motorsport Team Schnitzer |
| 8 | R1 | Salzburgring | 30 August | Tom Kristensen | Laurent Aïello | Peugeot Esso |
| | | R2 |  | Laurent Aïello | Peugeot Esso |
| 9 | R1 | Oschersleben | 13 September | Laurent Aïello | Laurent Aïello | Peugeot Esso |
| | | R2 |  | Laurent Aïello | Peugeot Esso |
| 10 | R1 | Nürburgring | 4 October | Manuel Reuter | Manuel Reuter | Opel Team SMS |
| | | R2 |  | Éric Hélary | TNT Team SMS |
|

## Championship results

| Points system | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Race 1** | **1st** | **2nd** | **3rd** | **4th** | **5th** | **6th** | **7th** | **8th** | **9th** | **10th** | **11th** | **12th** | **13th** | **14th** | **15th** | **16th** | **17th** | **18th** | **19th** | **20th** |
|  | 30 | 24 | 20 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| **Race 2** | **1st** | **2nd** | **3rd** | **4th** | **5th** | **6th** | **7th** | **8th** | **9th** | **10th** | **11th** | **12th** | **13th** | **14th** | **15th** | **16th** | **17th** | **18th** | **19th** | **20th** |
|  | 60 | 48 | 40 | 34 | 32 | 30 | 28 | 26 | 24 | 22 | 20 | 18 | 16 | 14 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 |

| Pos Driver HOC
 NÜR
 SAC
 NOR
 LAH
 WUN
 ZWE
 SAL
 OSC
 NÜR
 Pts  1  Johnny Cecotto 8 *8* 3 1 **1** **1** 8 4 4 *2* 9 10 *1* **1** 12 10 3 2 4 4 **595**  2  Laurent Aïello **4** 2 4 3 3 5 *6* 1 12 10 *1* **Ret** 3 5 *1* **1** **1** ***1*** 3 6 **592**  3  Uwe Alzen *1* **17** 6 5 4 Ret 2 3 **1** **4** 5 2 15 6 2 13 5 5 5 2 **482**  4  Éric Hélary Ret 9 2 *2* 19 7 **7** 2 2 3 7 4 8 4 Ret DNS 9 6 2 *1* **473**  5  Manuel Reuter 2 1 5 11 16 6 Ret 10 20 6 **2** *1* **5** 20 3 15 8 Ret **1** **3** **423**  6  Joachim Winkelhock 3 3 7 7 *9* *2* 10 5 Ret Ret 10 11 2 2 13 16 *4* 3 Ret 10 **405**  7  Gabriele Tarquini 7 11 8 Ret 5 4 5 7 *3* 1 Ret DNS 4 22 5 4 16 12 21 9 **335**  8  Roland Asch 15 10 ***1*** **4** Ret 3 3 6 6 7 Ret DNS 6 *3* 22 11 10 13 Ret 21 **327**  9  Michael Krumm 11 4 12 21 6 Ret Ret 12 7 Ret 6 6 7 12 9 6 2 4 12 8 **312**  10  Jörg van Ommen Ret DNS 9 6 11 9 1 **DNS** Ret 11 4 3 Ret 7 6 5 14 11 11 13 **311**  11  Tom Kristensen 9 12 Ret DNS 7 Ret 14 8 8 16 3 5 Ret 9 **8** 7 13 10 7 5 **293**  12  Christian Abt 6 5 11 8 8 8 4 9 9 Ret 15 8 Ret 14 4 *Ret* 6 Ret 13 18 **267**  13  Christian Menzel 5 Ret 10 9 2 DSQ 15 18 11 9 11 12 12 13 15 12 12 7 14 15 **254**  14  Frank Biela 13 Ret 14 12 Ret 11 20 Ret 10 5 8 Ret 13 11 14 9 11 8 6 11 **242**  15  Alexander Burgstaller 10 16 13 14 Ret Ret 17 Ret 5 15 16 7 9 15 11 8 17 14 *8* 7 **227**  16  Emanuele Pirro 16 7 Ret 13 17 Ret 19 19 13 8 Ret Ret 14 Ret 7 2 7 Ret 10 12 **205**  17  Klaus Niedzwiedz 17 14 16 15 18 15 11 Ret 15 12 13 13 16 16 18 14 21 16 15 Ret **156**  18  Stefano Modena 18 18 15 12 10 17 Ret DNS 14 Ret Ret 9 10 10 16 Ret 18 15 22 17 **146**  19  Michael Bartels             11 8 10 3 15 9 9 14 **143**  20  Peter Mamerow Ret DNS 17 14 16 10 9 13 16 17 14 14 19 17 20 Ret 20 17 16 Ret **130**  21  Franz Engstler 14 19 18 18 10 14 16 15 17 14 12 15 20 Ret 21 DNS 24 19 18 16 **119**  22  Marco Bromberger 19 15 19 17 15 13 21 17 19 13   18 18 19 17 22 20 20 19 **98**  23  Leopold Prinz von Bayern 20 6 20 20 20 16 Ret 16 18 Ret Ret 16 17 21 17 Ret 19 18 17 Ret **98**  24  Oliver Mayer 12 13 21 19 13 12 18 Ret   17 17 19 21   23 21 19 20 **78**  25  Fabrizio Giovanardi       13 11             **28**  26  Nicola Larini       12 *14*             **23**  Pos Driver HOC
 NÜR
 SAC
 NOR
 REG
 WUN
 ZWE
 SAL
 OSC
 NÜR
 Pts | Colour Result  Gold Winner  Silver Second place  Bronze Third place  Green Points finish  Blue Non-points finish  Non-classified finish (NC)  Purple Retired (Ret)  Red Did not qualify (DNQ)  Did not pre-qualify (DNPQ)  Black Disqualified (DSQ)  White Did not start (DNS)  Withdrew (WD)  Race cancelled (C)  Blank Did not practice (DNP)  Did not arrive (DNA)  Excluded (EX) |
| --- | --- |

### Manufacturers' Trophy

| Pos | Manufacturer | Points |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Opel | 673 |
| 2 | Peugeot | 647 |
| 3 | Nissan | 491 |
| 4 | Honda | 440 |
| 5 | Audi | 415 |
|

### Teams Trophy

| Pos | Team | Points |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | BMW Team Schnitzer | 616 |
| 2 | Team Isert | 298 |
| 3 | Auto Plus Bemani Team | 156 |
| 4 | Euroteam | 146 |
| 5 | Mamerow Racing Team | 130 |
| 6 | Irmscher Motorsport | 119 |
| 7 | Auto Diesnst Bemani Team | 98 |
| 8 | Oliver Mayer Motorsport | 78 |
| 9 | Alfa Corse | 29 |
|


title: Arthur Sneyers

abstract: Arthur Sneyers was a sailor from Belgium, who represented his country at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Sneyers, as crew member on the Belgian 6 Metre Ubu, took 5th place with helmsman A. J. J. Fridt and fellow crew members Ludovic Franck, Frits Mulder and Willy Van Rompaey.

text:
# Arthur Sneyers

**Arthur Sneyers** was a sailor from Belgium, who represented his country at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Sneyers, as crew member on the Belgian 6 Metre *Ubu*, took 5th place with helmsman A. J. J. Fridt and fellow crew members Ludovic Franck, Frits Mulder and Willy Van Rompaey.

## Sources

* "Arthur Sneyers Bio, Stats, and Results". *Olympic Sports*. Sports-Reference.com. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2015.

## InfoBox

Arthur Sneyers
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Belgian |
|  | |
| Sailing career | |
| Class | 6 Metre |
|  | |
| Updated on 18 March 2015 | |


title: 1994 Eastleigh by-election

abstract: The 1994 Eastleigh by-election was a parliamentary by-election held on 9 June 1994 for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of Eastleigh in Hampshire. The seat had fallen vacant because of the death of Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) Stephen Milligan on 7 February. The result of the election was a gain for the Liberal Democrats on a large swing. A disastrous result for the Conservative Party saw them fall to third place. The election, along with the EU elections and three other by-elections held that day, were the first election that the newly formed UK Independence Party (UKIP) stood in, with Nigel Farage as the candidate; Farage went on to become the leader of UKIP in 2006. He would later win election to the constituency of Clacton in Essex in 2024 as leader of Reform UK, formerly the Brexit Party.

text:
# 1994 Eastleigh by-election

The **1994 Eastleigh by-election** was a parliamentary by-election held on 9 June 1994 for the United Kingdom House of Commons constituency of Eastleigh in Hampshire. The seat had fallen vacant because of the death of Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) Stephen Milligan on 7 February.

The result of the election was a gain for the Liberal Democrats on a large swing. A disastrous result for the Conservative Party saw them fall to third place. The election, along with the EU elections and three other by-elections held that day, were the first election that the newly formed UK Independence Party (UKIP) stood in, with Nigel Farage as the candidate; Farage went on to become the leader of UKIP in 2006. He would later win election to the constituency of Clacton in Essex in 2024 as leader of Reform UK, formerly the Brexit Party.

## Results

Eastleigh by-election, 1994
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **David Chidgey** | **24,473** | **44.3** | **+16.3** |
|  | Labour | Marilyn Birks | 15,234 | 27.6 | +6.8 |
|  | Conservative | Stephen Reid | 13,675 | 24.7 | −26.5 |
|  | UKIP | Nigel Farage | 952 | 1.7 | *New* |
|  | Monster Raving Loony | David Sutch | 783 | 1.4 | *New* |
|  | Natural Law | Peter Warburton | 145 | 0.3 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 9,239 | 16.7 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 55,262 | 58.7 | −24.2 |
|  | Liberal Democrats **gain** from Conservative | | Swing | −16.8 |  |

## Previous results

General election 1992: Eastleigh
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Stephen Milligan** | **38,998** | **51.3** |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | David Chidgey | 21,296 | 28.0 |  |
|  | Labour | Jo Sugrue | 15,768 | 20.7 |  |
| Majority | | | 17,702 | 23.3 |  |
| Turnout | | | 76,062 | 82.9 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

## InfoBox

1994 Eastleigh by-election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Turnout | 58.7% ( 24.2%) |
| First party Second party Third party  **Lab**  **Con**  Candidate **David Chidgey** Marilyn Birks Stephen Reid  Party Liberal Democrats Labour Conservative  Popular vote **24,473** 15,234 13,675  Percentage **44.3%** 27.6% 24.7%  Swing  **16.3%**  6.8%  26.5% | |
| ---  **MP before election**
Stephen Milligan
Conservative **Elected MP**
David Chidgey
Liberal Democrats | |


title: 1936 in poetry

abstract: Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature.

text:
# 1936 in poetry

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

## Events

## Works published in English

### Canada

### India, in English

### New Zealand

* Ursula Bethell, *Time and Place: poems by the author of 'From a garden in the Antipodes*, Christchurch: Caxton Press
* Robin Hyde:
    + *Passport to Hell*
    + *Check To Your King*

### United Kingdom

### United States

### Other in English

## Works published in other languages

### France

### Indian subcontinent

Including all of the British colonies that later became India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal. Listed alphabetically by first name, regardless of surname:

#### Bengali

* Mohitlal Majumdar, *Smara-garal*, Bengali
* Rabindranath Tagore, in these two works as well as in some others of the mid- and early 1930s, the author introduced a new rhythm in poetry that "had a tremendous impact on the modern poets", according to Indian academic Sisir Kumar Das:

#### Urdu

Translation, commentary and critical appreciation of Pas Cheh Bayad Kard and Masnavi Musafir in Urdu by Dr Elahi Bakhsh Akhtar Awan, publishers University Book Agency Peshawar Pakistan, 1960.

#### Other Indian languages

### Spanish language

#### Peru

#### Spain

* Federico García Lorca (killed this year; see deaths, below):
    + *Diván del Tamarit* (Spanish for "The Diván of Tamarit") written this year, will be published in 1941);
    + *Sonetos del amor oscuro* ("Sonnets of Dark Love") published this year
    + *Primeras canciones* ("First Songs") published this year
* Jorge Guillén, *Cántico*, second, enlarged edition, with 125 poems in seven sections (first edition, with 75 poems, 1928)
* Miguel Hernández, *El rayo que no cesa*
* Pedro Salinas, *Razón d'amor* ("Reason for Love")
* Luis Felipe Vivanco, *Cantos de primavera* ("Songs of Springtime")

### Other languages

* Gottfried Benn, *Ausgewählte Gedichte* ("Selected Poems"); when first published in May, the book contains two poems that are deleted for the next edition in November : "Mann und Frau gehen durch die Krebsbaracke" and "D-Zug". The vast majority of the first editions are collected and destroyed.
* Paul la Cour, *Dette er vort Liv* ("This Is Our Life"), Denmark
* Martinus Nijhoff, *Het Uur U*, Netherlands
* Millosh Gjergj Nikolla ('Migjeni'), *Vargjet e lira* ("Free Verses"), suppressed by government censors; enlarged edition with two poems deleted published in 1944, Albania
* Cesare Pavese, *Lavorare stanca* ("Hard Work"), shortened by four poems deleted by Fascist censors; enlarged edition nearly double in size published in 1942; Florence: *Solaria*, Italy
* August Sang, **Üks noormees otsib õnne**, Estonia

## Awards and honors

## Births

Death years link to the corresponding "\[year\] in poetry" article:

## Deaths

Birth years link to the corresponding "\[year\] in poetry" article:

## InfoBox

| List of years in poetry (table) |
| --- |
|  |
| In literature 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 |
| *+...* |


title: Arthur Tomson

abstract: Arthur Tomson was an English painter.

text:
# Arthur Tomson

**Arthur Tomson** (5 March 1859  14 June 1905) was an English painter.

## Biography

Tomson was born at Chelmsford, Essex, on 5 March 1859. He was the sixth child of Whitbread Tomson by his wife Elizabeth Maria. From a preparatory school at Ingatestone in Essex, he went to Uppingham. As a lad, he developed an interest in art and, on leaving school, he enrolled in a course in Düsseldorf. Returning to England in 1882, he settled down to landscape painting, working chiefly in Sussex and Dorset. His landscapes were poetic, and rather similar in sentiment to the art of George Mason and Edward Stott. Although he was at his best in landscape, cats were favourite subjects of study, and he occasionally painted other animals.

At the New English Art Club, of which he was an early member and in whose affairs he took warm interest, he was a regular exhibitor, but he also showed at the Royal Academy from 1883 to 1892 and at the New Gallery. An excellent and characteristic example of his refined art is the canvas called *The Chalk Pit*, which was presented by his widow to the Victoria and Albert Museum. He was also an interesting writer on art, and his book on *Jean-François Millet and the Barbizon School* (1903; reissued in 1905) is sympathetic and discriminating. For some years, he was art critic for the 'Morning Leader,' under the pseudonym of Verind, and he contributed to the *Art Journal* descriptions of places in the southern counties, illustrated by his own drawings. He illustrated *Concerning Cats*, poems selected by his first wife Rosamund (Ball) Marriott Watson under the pen name, 'Graham R. Tomson' (1892).

He died on 14 June, 1905 at Robertsbridge and was buried in Steeple churchyard, near Wareham, in Dorset. In 1887, Tomson married his first wife Rosamund (Ball) Marriott Watson (18631911), a writer of poetry, youngest child of Benjamin Williams Ball, whom he divorced in 1896, and who afterwards married Mr. H. B. Marriott Watson. Tomson married secondly in 1898 Miss Hastings, a descendant of Warren Hastings, who survived him with a son.

Attribution

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1912). "Tomson, Arthur". *Dictionary of National Biography (2nd supplement)*. London: Smith, Elder & Co.


title: 1996 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens

abstract: The 1996 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens was the 30th edition of the Grote Prijs Jef Scherens cycle race and was held on 1 September 1996. The race started and finished in Leuven. The race was won by Jans Koerts.

text:
# 1996 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens

The **1996 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens** was the 30th edition of the Grote Prijs Jef Scherens cycle race and was held on 1 September 1996. The race started and finished in Leuven. The race was won by Jans Koerts.

## General classification

| **Final general classification**  Rank Rider Time  1  Jans Koerts (NED) 4h 12' 00"  2  Andrzej Sypytkowski (POL) \+ 0"  3  Wim Omloop (BEL) \+ 0"  4  Henk Vogels (AUS) \+ 0"  5  Andreas Klier (GER) \+ 13"  6  Jan Boven (NED) \+ 13"  7  Jacek Mickiewicz (POL) \+ 16"  8  Niko Eeckhout (BEL) \+ 1' 34"  9  Johan Capiot (BEL) \+ 1' 40"  10  Steven Van Malderghem (BEL) \+ 1' 40" |
| --- |

## InfoBox

1996 Grote Prijs Jef Scherens
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 1 September 1996 |
| Stages | 1 |
| Distance | 185 km (115.0 mi) |
| Winning time | 4h 12' 00" |
| Results | |
| Winner  Jans Koerts (NED)  Second  Andrzej Sypytkowski (POL)  Third  Wim Omloop (BEL) | |
|


title: 1996 Guinean coup attempt

abstract: The 1996 Guinean coup attempt was the failed coup d'état in Guinea by dissident elements within the Guinean military against the Lansana Conte government. Originally a mutiny over a pay dispute, where around two thousand soldiers demanded higher pay and better benefits, it then escalated into an attempted military overthrow which nearly toppled the government. By February 3, an agreement had been reached and state radio instructed soldiers to return to their units. The coup attempt reportedly began in the early hours of February 2 in the nation's capital - Conakry. During the twelve-hour-long clashes against the government forces, the rebels seized control of the capital's deserted city center and continuously shelled the presidential palace, making it catch on fire. The bloody clashes resulted in as many as forty deaths, mostly civilians. Rebel forces also captured President Conte, yet he was later freed after promising to raise soldiers' salaries. In the aftermath of the failed coup, around a hundred military personnel were arrested: forty were later released due to insufficient evidence while fifty-seven still remained in detention as of January 1998. Commander Gbago Zoumanigul, A key figure in instigating the coup, fled the country to Libya, while another important leader - Lieutenant Lamine Diarra - was handed over to government authorities after trying to seek refuge in the Malian embassy of the capital. Several top army officials implicated still remained at large, including Colonel Ibrahima Sory Diallo, Colonel Abdouramane Kaba, Sama Panival Bangoura, Mohammad Lamine Traore, and Oumah Soumah.

text:
# 1996 Guinean coup attempt

The **1996 Guinean coup attempt** was the failed coup d'état in Guinea by dissident elements within the Guinean military against the Lansana Conte government. Originally a mutiny over a pay dispute, where around two thousand soldiers demanded higher pay and better benefits, it then escalated into an attempted military overthrow which nearly toppled the government. By February 3, an agreement had been reached and state radio instructed soldiers to return to their units.

The coup attempt reportedly began in the early hours of February 2 in the nation's capital - Conakry. During the twelve-hour-long clashes against the government forces, the rebels seized control of the capital's deserted city center and continuously shelled the presidential palace, making it catch on fire. The bloody clashes resulted in as many as forty deaths, mostly civilians. Rebel forces also captured President Conte, yet he was later freed after promising to raise soldiers' salaries.

In the aftermath of the failed coup, around a hundred military personnel were arrested: forty were later released due to insufficient evidence while fifty-seven still remained in detention as of January 1998. Commander Gbago Zoumanigul, A key figure in instigating the coup, fled the country to Libya, while another important leader - Lieutenant Lamine Diarra - was handed over to government authorities after trying to seek refuge in the Malian embassy of the capital. Several top army officials implicated still remained at large, including Colonel Ibrahima Sory Diallo, Colonel Abdouramane Kaba, Sama Panival Bangoura, Mohammad Lamine Traore, and Oumah Soumah.

## InfoBox

| 1996 Guinean coup attempt | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Date February 2 - February 3  Location Conakry, Guinea  Result  Failed coup attempt; government retains control | |
| Belligerents | |
| Republic of Guinea Armed Forces | Dissenting faction of the armed forces |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Lansana Conte | Gbago Zoumanigul <br>Lt. Lamine Diarra |
| Strength | |
| Unknown | 2000 soldiers |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 20-40 deaths | |


title: 1927 English Greyhound Derby

abstract: The 1927 Greyhound Derby took place during October 1927 with the final being held on 15 October 1927 at White City Stadium. The competition was inaugurated by the Greyhound Racing Association and the prize money was substantial with £1,000 and a gold cup given to the winner, £300 to the runner-up and £100 to third place. This greyhound racing event began with heats at regional level, with winners progressing to a Northern final and Southern final prior to a national final at White City. The Derby would soon be established as the most significant race in UK greyhound racing.

text:
# 1927 English Greyhound Derby

The **1927 Greyhound Derby** took place during October 1927 with the final being held on 15 October 1927 at White City Stadium. The competition was inaugurated by the Greyhound Racing Association and the prize money was substantial with £1,000 and a gold cup given to the winner, £300 to the runner-up and £100 to third place. This greyhound racing event began with heats at regional level, with winners progressing to a Northern final and Southern final prior to a national final at White City. The Derby would soon be established as the most significant race in UK greyhound racing.

## Race

The first three in each of the Northern and Southern finals were invited to the final, which was run at White City over a distance of 500 yards (460 m). The qualifiers from the Northern final were Great Chum, Elder Brother and Banderloo but Great Chum was replaced by Derham Boy for the final because of illness. The Southern final was won by Entry Badge by four lengths in a time of 29.20 seconds.

This was the first ever Derby final and was held on 15 October 1927. It was won in a time of 29.01 seconds by Entry Badge, a brindled dog weighing 66 pounds (30 kg), trained by Joe Harmon and owned by Edwin Baxter. Ever Bright came second, six lengths behind. Baxter owned the first three home.

Entry Badge, who had cost Baxter 40 guineas, was a granddaughter of a great coursing dog called Hopsack.

## Final result

At White City (over 500 yards):

| Pos | Name of Greyhound | Breeding | Trap | SP | Time | Trainer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1st | Entry Badge | Jamie - Beaded Nora | 5 | 1-4f | 29.01 | Joe Harmon (White City - London) |
| 2nd | Ever Bright | Jocks Lodge -Beautiful Style | 1 | 100-6 | 29.49 | John 'Jack' Kennedy (Harringay) |
| 3rd | Elder Brother | Skeets - Beaded Fly | 4 | 100-8 | 29.53 | Jack Rimmer (Liverpool) |
| 4th | Toftwood Millsack | Harbuckle - Haversack | 3 | 10-1 | 29.55 | Harry Buck (Harringay) |
| 5th | Derham Boy (Reserve) | Hill Sixty II - Crosswell Belle | 2 | 20-1 | 29.79 | Hughes (Powderhall) |
| 6th | Banderloo | Nefarious Nettle - Gally Lass | 6 | 100-8 | 29.87 | Jack Buck (Belle Vue) |
| N/R | Great Chum | Woon - Chronic Cough |  |  |  | Jack Buck (Belle Vue) |

### Distances

6, ½, head, 3, 1 (lengths)
The distances between the greyhounds are in finishing order and shown in lengths. From 1927-1950 one length was equal to 0.06 of one second but race times are shown as 0.08 as per modern day calculations.

## Semi finals

\+ Called in as reserve for the final
u=unplaced

## InfoBox

| 1927 English Greyhound Derby | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | White City Stadium |
|


title: Artifex University

abstract: Artifex University of Bucharest is a higher education institution, a legal entity of public utility according to private law and part of the national education system. Headquartered in Bucharest, the university was established as an effect of Act no. 133/2005. Artifex University of Bucharest operates according to the principle of universities' autonomy – within the legal framework provided by the Romanian Constitution, the National Education Act and its own charter. The founder of Artifex University of Bucharest is the National Technical, Scientific, Social and Cultural Foundation of the Crafting Cooperatives. The autonomy of Artifex University of Bucharest includes the following forms of autonomy: organizational and functional autonomy, teaching and scientific autonomy, financial and administrative autonomy, jurisdictional autonomy.

text:
# Artifex University

**Artifex University** of Bucharest is a higher education institution, a legal entity of public utility according to private law and part of the national education system. Headquartered in Bucharest, the university was established as an effect of Act no. 133/2005.

Artifex University of Bucharest operates according to the principle of universities' autonomy – within the legal framework provided by the Romanian Constitution, the National Education Act and its own charter. The founder of Artifex University of Bucharest is the National Technical, Scientific, Social and Cultural Foundation of the Crafting Cooperatives. The autonomy of Artifex University of Bucharest includes the following forms of autonomy: organizational and functional autonomy, teaching and scientific autonomy, financial and administrative autonomy, jurisdictional autonomy.

## Background

Artifex University of Bucharest continues a tradition which legally began in the year 1919, when the School of Co-operative Studies was founded under the Act of January 3, with the endorsement of Professors Ion Răducanu and Nicolae Iorga. Towards the end of the same year, the School became the Academy for High Co-operative Studies and it was subsequently re-organized during the inter-war period by the acts that regulated cooperative activities. On September 2, 1946, under the provisions of Act no. 707 and Decree no. 2700, the Academy for Co-operative Studies was established and one year later, under the provisions of Act no. 299/1947, the Academy for Co-operative Studies and the Academy for Commercial and Industrial Studies of Bucharest were re-organized into the Academy of Commercial and Cooperative Studies, which included: the Faculty of Cooperative Studies and the Faculty of Commercial Sciences. Decree no. 175/1948 changed the name of the academy into the “Institute for Economic Sciences and Planning” of Bucharest. In 1949, the Co-operative Faculty was set up within this institute. In 1967, the economic higher education was re-organized and the name of the institution was changed into the Academy of Economic Studies.

In keeping with the tradition of the Academy for Co-operative Studies and in order to answer the demand for higher-educated professionals, the Council of UCECOM decided to establish the Artifex National Technical, Scientific, Social and Cultural Foundation of the Crafting Cooperatives, by Decision no. 8 of 1992 and according to the legal provisions of the Law-Decree no. 66 of February 8, 1990. (To keep the tradition and preserve continuity, the name “ARTIFEX” comes from Latin and it translates as “craftsman” or “artisan”). The newly founded institution was a legal entity and non-profit organization, according to the Decision of Sector 1 local Court of Bucharest, by civil sentence no. 347 of 27 November 1992. Subsequently, under the Law-Decree no. 66/1990, Act no. 21/1924 and article 8, point 4 of the Foundation Statute, the Managerial Board decided to set up Artifex University.

## Present and future

Since its reorganization in 1993–1994 academic year, Artifex University and proposed to conduct a program of training and education to become a scientific and cultural center-the national educational system. The aim is to promote the organized activities and dissemination of the principles and cultural values and scientific connection, the values of the contemporary world. Within this framework, Artifex University acted for the promotion, in its entire business, a critical debate options, pluralism, ensuring the prestige of national culture and developing collaborative international relations.

Training, education and research promoted by the accredited undergraduate programs of bachelor's and master's degrees, organized within the framework of the Artifex University of Bucharest, meet a real social needs to prepare staff and specialists needed leadership and organization of the economic and social sector of the cooperative, of small and medium enterprises, as well as other fields.

Currently, Artifex University operates five programs of study accredited undergraduate degree (Finance and Banking, Accounting and Management Information Systems, Management, Marketing, Economy of Commerce, Tourism and services) and eight undergraduate programmes accredited master's degree (Management for Finance, Banking and Insurance; Finance, Banking and Capital Markets; Informational System Management for Finance and Accounting; Organizational Management; Management of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises; Marketing and Business Communication; Strategic Marketing; Business Administration in Commerce, Tourism and services).

Artifex University, as well as all programs of study what works within it are externally assessed and accredited by the Romanian Agency for quality assurance in higher education. The university was evaluated in 2011 and received the "Confidence" degree.

## Structure

The educational offer (the academic programs) of the university focus on the following areas (fields of study): Finance, Accounting, Management, Marketing and Business Administration. Thus, the Artifex University of Bucharest is the only private university that focuses its entire educational offer in the field of economics. Artifex University includes the following faculties and academic programs for both undergraduate and post-graduate studies (which are all accredited and function as full attendance classes):

**The Faculty of Finance and Accounting:**

*Undergraduate academic programs:*

* Finance and Banking;
* Accounting and Management Information Systems.
* Post-graduate academic programs:
* Management for Finance, Banking and Insurance;
* Finance, Banking and Capital Markets;
* Informational System Management for Finance and Accounting.

**The Faculty of Management – Marketing:**

*Undergraduate academic programs:*

* Management;
* Marketing;
* Economy of Commerce, Tourism and services.

*Post-graduate academic programs:*

* Organizational Management;
* Management of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises;
* Marketing and Business Communication;
* Strategic Marketing;
* Business Administration in Commerce, Tourism and services.

In the academic year 2013–2014, the operation of the above-mentioned programs are regulated by Decision no. 493/2013 concerning the approval of the Nomenclature of fields and academic programs / specializations, the structure of higher education institutions, the academic fields and programs either accredited or temporarily authorized to operate, the approved geographic locations, the number of transferable credits for each academic program, the form of education and teaching language and the maximum number of students that may be schooled in the academic year 2013–2014, and by Decision no. 581/2013 concerning the accreditation of the study fields for post-graduate academic programs, the curricula and the maximum number of students that may be schooled in the academic year 2013–2014.

Two specialized departments function within Artifex University, i.e. the Department of Finance – Accounting and the Department of Management – Marketing, as well as the university research center, accredited by CNCSIS in 2009. The faculty is the functional academic unit that develops and manages academic programs. It corresponds to one or more fields (domains) of the economic sciences. The department is the functional unit that ensures the production, transmission and use of knowledge in one or more specialized fields.

1. License:
    1. Finance and Banks - accredited;
    2. Accounting and Management Informatics - accredited;
2. Master:
    1. Finance Banks and Capital Markets - accredited;
    2. Banking and Insurance Financial Management - accredited;
    3. Management of the Financial-Accounting Information System - accredited;


title: Artifex (spider)

abstract: Artifex is a small genus of orb-weaver spiders native to tropical regions of mainland Australia and to New Caledonia. The genus was erected by R. J. Kallal and Gustavo Hormiga in 2018 to contain two species moved from different genera that have several synapomorphies, including an abdomen that extends past the spinnerets, widely separated spermathecae, and dorsal markings similar to those of Zygiellinae. The name is a combination of the Latin "ars", meaning "art", and "-fex", meaning "maker" in reference to the shelters they build out of leaves. As of April 2022 it contains only two species: A. joannae and A. melanopyga.

text:
# Artifex (spider)

***Artifex*** is a small genus of orb-weaver spiders native to tropical regions of mainland Australia and to New Caledonia. The genus was erected by R. J. Kallal and Gustavo Hormiga in 2018 to contain two species moved from different genera that have several synapomorphies, including an abdomen that extends past the spinnerets, widely separated spermathecae, and dorsal markings similar to those of Zygiellinae. The name is a combination of the Latin "ars", meaning "art", and "-fex", meaning "maker" in reference to the shelters they build out of leaves.

As of April 2022 it contains only two species: *A. joannae* and *A. melanopyga*.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Artifex* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Araneidae |
| Genus: | *Artifex*
Kallal & Hormiga, 2018 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Epeira melanopyga*
(L. Koch, 1871) | |
| Species | |
| * *Artifex joannae* (Berland, 1924) * *Artifex melanopyga* (L. Koch, 1871) | |


title: Artifakts (bc)

abstract: Artifakts [bc] is the fifth studio album by Canadian electronic music producer Richie Hawtin, and his fourth studio album under the alias Plastikman. It was released on November 2, 1998 by Minus and Novamute Records. The album was devised as a way to bridge the periods between the Plastikman albums Musik and Consumed. The tracks on Artifakts [bc] were originally produced by Hawtin for an unreleased album entitled Klinik that was intended to form a trilogy with his prior albums Sheet One and Musik. Hawtin ultimately scrapped Klinik and instead began work on Consumed. "bc" in the title is an acronym for "Before Consumed". Artifakts [bc] peaked at number 31 on the UK Independent Albums Chart.

text:
# Artifakts (bc)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Muzik* |  |
| *The Village Voice* | B− |

***Artifakts \[bc\]*** is the fifth studio album by Canadian electronic music producer Richie Hawtin, and his fourth studio album under the alias Plastikman. It was released on November 2, 1998 by Minus and Novamute Records. The album was devised as a way to bridge the periods between the Plastikman albums *Musik* and *Consumed*. The tracks on *Artifakts \[bc\]* were originally produced by Hawtin for an unreleased album entitled *Klinik* that was intended to form a trilogy with his prior albums *Sheet One* and *Musik*. Hawtin ultimately scrapped *Klinik* and instead began work on *Consumed*. "bc" in the title is an acronym for "Before *Consumed*".

*Artifakts \[bc\]* peaked at number 31 on the UK Independent Albums Chart.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Richie Hawtin

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Korridor" | 5:49 |
| 2. | "Psyk" | 8:30 |
| 3. | "Pakard" | 12:13 |
| 4. | "Hypokondriak" | 10:34 |
| 5. | "Rekall" | 10:46 |
| 6. | "Skizofrenik" | 4:59 |
| 7. | "Are Friends Electrik? / Lodgikal Nonsense" | 20:26 |

Vinyl edition
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Pakard" | 12:13 |
| 2. | "Skizofrenik" | 4:59 |
| 3. | "Psyk" | 8:30 |
| 4. | "Are Friends Electrik?" | 12:59 |
| 5. | "Rekall" | 10:46 |
| 6. | "Lodgikal Nonsense" | 2:20 |

## Personnel

Credits adapted from liner notes.

* Richie Hawtin – music, design, layout
* Seth – design, layout
* Slim – design, layout

## Charts

| Chart (1998) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| UK Independent Albums (OCC) | 31 |

## InfoBox

| Artifakts \[bc\] | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Plastikman | |
| Released | November 2, 1998 (1998-11-02) |
| Studio | The Building (Ontario, Canada) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 73:18 |
| Label |  |
| Producer | Richie Hawtin |
| Plastikman chronology | |
| *Consumed*
(1998) ***Artifakts \[bc\]***
(1998) *Closer*
(2003) | |