title: 2002–03 Brescia Calcio season

abstract: During the 2002–03 Italian football season, Brescia competed in the Serie A.

text:
# 2002–03 Brescia Calcio season

During the **2002–03** Italian football season, Brescia competed in the Serie A.

## Kit

Brescia's kit was manufactured by British sports retailer Umbro and sponsored by Banca Lombarda.

## Squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  12 GK  ITA Davide Micillo  GK  ITA Matteo Sereni  15 DF  BRA Fábio Bilica  3 DF  ITA Dario Dainelli  30 DF  ITA Simone Dallamano  16 DF  PAR Víctor Hugo Mareco  2 DF  CRC Gilberto Martínez  5 DF  ITA Fabio Petruzzi  26 DF  ITA Marco Pisano  6 DF  CRO Anthony Seric  4 MF  GHA Stephen Appiah  11 MF  ITA Jonathan Bachini | No. Pos. Nation Player  18 MF  ITA Antonio Filippini  17 MF  ITA Roberto Guana  8 MF  BRA Matuzalém  19 MF  AUT Markus Schopp  29 FW  ITA Andrea Alberti  10 FW  ITA Roberto Baggio  27 FW  ITA Massimiliano Caputo  24 FW  ITA Simone Del Nero  7 FW  MAR Abderrazzak Jadid  21 FW  ALB Igli Tare  9 FW  ITA Luca Toni |
| --- | --- |

### Transfers

| In | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pos. | Name | from | Type |
| GK | Matteo Sereni | Ipswich Town | *loan* |
| DF | Anthony Šerić | Hellas Verona | *loan* |
| DF | Gilberto Martínez | Deportivo Saprissa |  |
| MF | Stephen Appiah | Parma F.C. | *loan* |
| MF | Matuzalém | Parma F.C. | *loan* |
| FW | Abderrazzak Jadid | A.C. Lumezzane | *loan ended* |
| FW | Massimiliano Caputo | Livingston F.C. | *loan ended* |
|

| Out | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pos. | Name | To | Type |
| MF | Josep Guardiola | A.S. Roma |  |
| GK | Luca Castellazzi | Reggina Calcio | *loan* |
| DF | Daniele Bonera | Parma F.C. |  |
| DF | Alessandro Calori | S.S.C. Venezia |  |
| FW | Massimiliano Esposito | Chievo Verona |  |
| MF | Federico Giunti | Besiktas |  |
| MF | Andrés Yllana | Hellas Verona |  |
| MF | Emanuele Filippini | Parma F.C. |  |
| GK | Federico Agliardi | Cosenza | *loan* |
| DF | Andrea Sussi | Ternana Calcio |  |
| MF | Jonathan Binotto | Como Calcio |  |
| DF | Amedeo Mangone | Piacenza Calcio |  |
| FW | Mario Salgado | Hellas Verona | *loan* |
| MF | Marius Stankevicius | Cosenza | *loan* |
|

#### Winter

| In | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pos. | Name | from | Type |
| MF | Josep Guardiola | A.S. Roma | *loan* |
| DF | Fabio Bilica | Palermo F.C. | *loan* |
|

| Out | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pos. | Name | To | Type |
| GK | Pavel Srnicek | Cosenza | *loan* |
| FW | Simone Del Nero | Palermo F.C. | *loan* |
| FW | Massimiliano Caputo | A.S.D. G.C. Sora |  |
|

## Competitions

### Serie A

#### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7 | Chievo | 34 | 16 | 7 | 11 | 51 | 39 | +12 | 55 |  |
| 8 | Roma | 34 | 13 | 10 | 11 | 55 | 46 | +9 | 49 | Qualification to UEFA Cup first round |
| 9 | Brescia | 34 | 9 | 15 | 10 | 36 | 38 | 2 | 42 | Qualification to Intertoto Cup second round |
| 10 | Perugia | 34 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 40 | 48 | 8 | 42 | Qualification to Intertoto Cup third round |
| 11 | Bologna | 34 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 39 | 47 | 8 | 41 |  |

Source: 2002–03 Serie A, Soccerway
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Head-to-head points; 3) Head-to-head goal difference; 4) Goal difference; 5) Goals scored; 6) Draw. (Note: Head-to-head record is used only after all the matches between the teams in question have been played).
Notes:

#### Results by round

| Round | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ground | H | A | H | A | A | H | A | A | H | A | H | A | H | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | H | A | H | A | H | A | A | H | A | H | A | H |
| Result | L | W | L | D | L | D | W | L | L | L | D | L | W | W | D | D | D | D | W | D | D | W | D | D | W | D | W | D | L | L | D | W | L | D |
| Position | 11 | 7 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 |

Source: Competitive matches
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss;   = Leader, UEFA Champions League Groups stage;   = UEFA Champions League Groups stage;   = UEFA Champions League Qualifying round;   = 2003–04 UEFA Cup;   = 2003 UEFA Intertoto Cup;   = 2003–04 Serie B

#### Matches

| 15 September 2002 1 | **Brescia** | **1–2** | **Piacenza** | Brescia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:30 | Bachini  69' |  | Montaño  72'
Hübner  79' | Stadium: Stadio Mario Rigamonti |

| 22 September 2002 2 | **Chievo** | **1–2** | **Brescia** | Verona |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Cossato  75' |  | Tare  57'
Šerić  88' | Stadium: Stadio Marcantonio Bentegodi |

| 29 September 2002 3 | **Brescia** | **2–3** | **Roma** | Brescia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | R. Baggio  45+2' (pen.)
Schopp  84' |  | Totti  30' (pen.), 41', 81' | Stadium: Stadio Mario Rigamonti |

| 5 October 2002 4 | **Reggina** | **2–2** | **Brescia** | Reggio Calabria |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:00 | Pierini  43'
Nakamura  81' |  | Appiah  10'
Baggio  45' (pen.) | Stadium: Stadio Oreste Granillo |

| 20 October 2002 5 | **Bologna** | **3–0** | **Brescia** | Bologna |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Locatelli  19'
Cruz  76' (pen.), 90' |  |  | Stadium: Stadio Renato Dall'Ara |

| 27 October 2002 6 | **Brescia** | **1–1** | **Como** | Brescia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Baggio  82' (pen.) |  | Padalino  73' | Stadium: Stadio Mario Rigamonti |

| 2 November 2002 7 | **Torino** | **0–2** | **Brescia** | Turin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:30 |  |  | Tare  30'
Appiah  86' | Stadium: Stadio Delle Alpi |

| 6 November 2002 8 | **Parma** | **4–3** | **Brescia** | Parma |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:30 | Ferrari  15'
Mutu  27'
Bonazzoli  53'
Gilardino  75' |  | Appiah  14'
Baggio  25' (pen.), 60' | Stadium: Stadio Ennio Tardini |

| 10 November 2002 9 | **Brescia** | **0–2** | **Empoli** | Brescia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 |  |  | Buscè  71'
Di Natale  90' | Stadium: Stadio Mario Rigamonti |

| 17 November 2002 10 | **Atalanta** | **2–0** | **Brescia** | Bergamo |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Dabo  69'
Comandini  73' |  |  | Stadium: Stadio Atleti Azzurri d'Italia |

| 24 November 2002 11 | **Brescia** | **1–1** | **Udinese** | Brescia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Sensini  68' (o.g.) |  | Jørgensen  9' | Stadium: Stadio Mario Rigamonti |

| 1 December 2002 12 | **Inter** | **4–0** | **Brescia** | Milan |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Vieri  3', 12', 58', 84' |  |  | Stadium: Stadio San Siro |

| 8 December 2002 13 | **Brescia** | **2–0** | **Juventus** | Brescia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Schopp  78'
Tare  83' |  |  | Stadium: Stadio Mario Rigamonti |

| 15 December 2002 14 | **Brescia** | **3–1** | **Perugia** | Brescia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Tare  23', 40'
Baggio  88' (pen.) |  | Miccoli  64' | Stadium: Stadio Mario Rigamonti |

| 22 December 2002 15 | **Milan** | **0–0** | **Brescia** | Milan |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 |  |  |  | Stadium: Stadio San Siro |

| 11 January 2003 16 | **Brescia** | **0–0** | **Lazio** | Brescia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:30 |  |  |  | Stadium: Stadio Mario Rigamonti |

| 19 January 2003 17 | **Modena** | **0–0** | **Brescia** | Modena |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 |  |  |  | Stadium: Stadio Alberto Braglia |

| 26 January 2003 18 | **Brescia** | **1–1** | **Parma** | Brescia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Baggio  39' |  | Bonera  32' | Stadium: Stadio Mario Rigamonti |

| 1 February 2003 19 | **Piacenza** | **1–4** | **Brescia** | Piacenza |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:00 | Hübner  17' |  | Appiah  7'
Baggio  32'
Toni  47'
Tare  87' | Stadium: Stadio Leonardo Garilli |

| 9 February 2003 20 | **Brescia** | **0–0** | **Chievo** | Brescia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 |  |  |  | Stadium: Stadio Mario Rigamonti |

| 15 February 2003 21 | **Roma** | **0–0** | **Brescia** | Rome |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:30 |  |  |  | Stadium: Stadio Olimpico |

| 23 February 2003 22 | **Brescia** | **2–1** | **Reggina** | Brescia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Baggio  60'
Petruzzi  86' |  | Di Michele  69' | Stadium: Stadio Mario Rigamonti |

| 1 March 2003 23 | **Brescia** | **0–0** | **Bologna** | Brescia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:00 |  |  |  | Stadium: Stadio Mario Rigamonti |

| 9 March 2003 24 | **Como** | **1–1** | **Brescia** | Como |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Pecchia  53' |  | Toni  54' | Stadium: Stadio Giuseppe Sinigaglia |

| 16 March 2003 25 | **Brescia** | **1–0** | **Torino** | Brescia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Guardiola  59' |  |  | Stadium: Stadio Mario Rigamonti |

| 23 March 2003 26 | **Empoli** | **0–0** | **Brescia** | Empoli |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 |  |  |  | Stadium: Stadio Carlo Castellani |

| 6 April 2003 27 | **Brescia** | **3–0** | **Atalanta** | Brescia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Appiah  30'
Baggio  45'
Petruzzi  85' |  |  | Stadium: Stadio Mario Rigamonti |

| 13 April 2003 28 | **Udinese** | **0–0** | **Brescia** | Udine |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 |  |  |  | Stadium: Stadio Friuli |

| 19 April 2003 29 | **Brescia** | **0–1** | **Inter** | Brescia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 |  |  | Crespo  90' | Stadium: Stadio Mario Rigamonti |

| 27 April 2003 30 | **Juventus** | **2–1** | **Brescia** | Turin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Del Piero  9', 85' |  | Appiah  83' | Stadium: Stadio Delle Alpi |

| 3 May 2003 31 | **Perugia** | **0–0** | **Brescia** | Perugia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 |  |  |  | Stadium: Stadio Renato Curi |

| 10 May 2003 32 | **Brescia** | **1–0** | **Milan** | Brescia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Appiah  83' |  |  | Stadium: Stadio Mario Rigamonti |

| 17 May 2003 33 | **Lazio** | **3–1** | **Brescia** | Rome |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Mihajlović  39' (pen.)
César  45'
López  81' |  | Baggio  20' | Stadium: Stadio Olimpico |

| 24 May 2003 34 | **Brescia** | **2–2** | **Modena** | Brescia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Filippini  69'
Baggio  86' |  | Colucci  4'
Vignaroli  20' | Stadium: Stadio Mario Rigamonti |

## Statistics

### Players statistics

| No. | Pos | Nat | Player | Total | | 2002-03 Serie A | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| 22 | GK | ITA | Matteo Sereni | 23 | -17 | 23 | -17 |
| 3 | DF | ITA | Dario Dainelli | 24 | 0 | 24 | 0 |
| 6 | DF | CRO | Anthony Seric | 30 | 1 | 28+2 | 1 |
| 2 | DF | CRC | Gilberto Martínez | 34 | 0 | 34 | 0 |
| 5 | DF | ITA | Fabio Petruzzi | 31 | 2 | 31 | 2 |
| 11 | MF | ITA | Jonathan Bachini | 18 | 1 | 17+1 | 1 |
| 4 | MF | GHA | Stephen Appiah | 31 | 7 | 31 | 7 |
| 18 | MF | ITA | Antonio Filippini | 29 | 1 | 21+8 | 1 |
| 8 | MF | BRA | Matuzalém | 30 | 0 | 30 | 0 |
| 10 | FW | ITA | Roberto Baggio | 32 | 12 | 32 | 12 |
| 21 | FW | ALB | Igli Tare | 33 | 6 | 20+13 | 6 |
| 12 | GK | ITA | Davide Micillo | 8 | -11 | 7+1 | -11 |
| 9 | FW | ITA | Luca Toni | 16 | 2 | 15+1 | 2 |
| 28 | MF | ESP | Josep Guardiola | 13 | 1 | 13 | 1 |
| 19 | MF | AUT | Markus Schopp | 23 | 2 | 12+11 | 2 |
| 26 | DF | ITA | Marco Pisano | 17 | 0 | 12+5 | 0 |
| 15 | DF | BRA | Fábio Bilica | 11 | 0 | 9+2 | 0 |
| 16 | DF | PAR | Víctor Hugo Mareco | 11 | 0 | 4+7 | 0 |
| 17 | MF | ITA | Roberto Guana | 10 | 0 | 3+7 | 0 |
| 14 | DF | LTU | Marius Stankevicius | 6 | 0 | 3+3 | 0 |
| 7 | FW | MAR | Abderrazzak Jadid | 9 | 0 | 1+8 | 0 |
| 1 | GK | CZE | Pavel Srnicek | 5 | -10 | 1+4 | -10 |
| 29 | FW | ITA | Andrea Alberti | 3 | 0 | 0+3 | 0 |
| 23 | FW | URU | Alejandro Correa | 1 | 0 | 0+1 | 0 |
| 24 | FW | ITA | Simone Del Nero | 3 | 0 | 0+3 | 0 |
| 27 | FW | ITA | Caputo | 1 | 0 | 0+1 | 0 |

1. With consequent qualification to UEFA Cup first round
2. Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio - La Storia 1898-2004, Panini Edizioni, Modena, September 2005 "Norme organizzative interne della F.I.G.C. - Art. 51.6" (PDF) (in Italian). Italian Football Federation. 12 September 2018. Retrieved 11 November 2018.

## InfoBox

Brescia Calcio
| 2002–03 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Chairman | Luigi Corioni |
| Manager | Carlo Mazzone |
| Stadium | Stadio Mario Rigamonti |
| Serie A | 9th (in Intertoto Cup) |
| Coppa Italia | Second Round |
| Top goalscorer | Roberto Baggio (12) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: 1946 FA Cup final

abstract: The 1946 FA Cup final was the 65th final of the FA Cup, and the first after World War II. It took place on 27 April 1946 at Wembley Stadium and was contested between Derby County and Charlton Athletic. Derby won the match 4–1 after extra time. Charlton's Bert Turner scored an own goal and then scored for his own team, thus becoming the first player to score for both sides in an FA Cup Final. Goals from Peter Doherty and Jackie Stamps (2) in the extra-time period gave Derby their first, and so far only, FA Cup triumph.

text:
# 1946 FA Cup final

The **1946 FA Cup final** was the 65th final of the FA Cup, and the first after World War II. It took place on 27 April 1946 at Wembley Stadium and was contested between Derby County and Charlton Athletic.

Derby won the match 4–1 after extra time. Charlton's Bert Turner scored an own goal and then scored for his own team, thus becoming the first player to score for both sides in an FA Cup Final. Goals from Peter Doherty and Jackie Stamps (2) in the extra-time period gave Derby their first, and so far only, FA Cup triumph.

## Background

The game was the first FA Cup final to be played in seven years, due to World War II. Among the spectators were King George VI and the Queen Elizabeth consort. Demand for tickets was reported as being unprecedented, with ticket sales reaching around £45,000. Each team included both youthful and experienced players.

## Match summary

The game was goalless until the 85th minute, when a cross from the right was punched out by goalkeeper Sam Bartram, but it went straight to Dally Duncan who shot goalwards; Bert Turner tried to kick the ball clear, but only managed to deflect the ball into his own net. In the next minute, Turner scored for his own side when he took a free-kick from the edge of the Rams’ penalty area and, although goalkeeper Vic Woodley appeared to have the shot well covered, the ball struck a Derby player and was deflected past Woodley into the opposite corner of the net to which he was diving.

Turner thus became the first player to score for both sides in an FA Cup Final, subsequently repeated by Tommy Hutchison in 1981 and Gary Mabbutt in 1987. At the age of 36 years 312 days, Turner also became the oldest player to score in an FA Cup Final.

The match finished level after 90 minutes, but, in extra time, Derby County scored three goals to win the match 4–1.

When Stamps shot for goal in the closing minutes of normal time, the ball burst en route. Stamps went on to score twice with the new ball as Derby beat Charlton Athletic 4–1.

The players in the 1946 Cup final were awarded two medals each. Due to a shortage of gold following the Second World War, the two teams were initially presented with bronze medals (winners and runners-up) on the day, and subsequently awarded the proper gold versions when gold became more readily available later that year.

The last surviving player from the game, Derby's Reg Harrison, died on 17 September 2020.

## Match details

| Derby County | 4–1 (a.e.t.) | Charlton Athletic |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | (Report) |  |

Wembley Stadium, LondonAttendance: 98,000Referee: Eddie Smith (Cumberland)

| GK **1**  Vic Woodley  RB **2**  Jack Nicholas ()  LB **3**  Jack Howe  RH **4**  Jim Bullions  CH **5**  Leon Leuty  LH **6**  Chick Musson  OR **7**  Reg Harrison  IR **8**  Raich Carter  CF **9**  Jackie Stamps  IL **10**  Peter Doherty  OL **11**  Dally Duncan  **Manager:**  Stuart McMillan | GK **1**  Sam Bartram  RB **2**  Harold Phipps  LB **3**  Jack Shreeve  RH **4**  Bert Turner  CH **5**  Jack Oakes  LH **6**  Bert Johnson  OR **7**  Les Fell  IR **8**  Sailor Brown  CF **9**  Arthur Turner  IL **10**  Don Welsh ()  OL **11**  Chris Duffy  **Manager:**  Jimmy Seed |
| --- | --- |

## InfoBox

1946 FA Cup Final
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Event | 1945–46 FA Cup |
|  | |
| After extra time | |
| Date | 27 April 1946 |
| Venue | Wembley Stadium, London |
| Referee | Eddie Smith (Cumberland) |
| Attendance | 98,000 |
|


title: El Banna v. Bush

abstract:
El Banna v. Bush, No. 1:04-cv-01144, is a writ of habeas corpus that was submitted on behalf of the Guantanamo captives Jamil al-Banna, Bisher Al Rawi and Martin Mubanga. They were United Kingdom citizens or residents. George Brent Mickum was the lead counsel in this petition.
  -

text:
# El Banna v. Bush

***El Banna v. Bush***, No. 1:04-cv-01144, is a writ of habeas corpus that was submitted on behalf of the Guantanamo captives Jamil al-Banna, Bisher Al Rawi and Martin Mubanga. They were United Kingdom citizens or residents.

George Brent Mickum was the lead counsel in this petition.

Cases amalgamated with El Banna v. Bush
| ISN | Name | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 905 | Jamil El-Banna | * Lead petitioner in the case. * Not "captured on the battlefield". Apprehended in Gambia, while on a business trip with his friend Bisher Al-Rawi. * Was first held and interrogated in a CIA safe house in Gambia — not in the detention of the Gambian justice system. * Returned to Britain in 2007. |
| 906 | Bisher Al-Rawi | * Not "captured on the battlefield". Apprehended in Gambia, while on a business trip with his friend Jamil el-Banna. * Was first held and interrogated in a CIA safe house in Gambia — not in the detention of the Gambian justice system. * Original arrest was nominally due to carrying a battery charger in his luggage. * Pressure for the United Kingdom to insist on his return mounted when it became public that he was an MI-5 informant who was betrayed by his MI-5 handlers. |
| 10007 | Martin Mubanga | * A joint citizen of Zambia and the United Kingdom. * Captured in Zambia, not "captured on the battlefield". |

## Eligible to seek relief

On 3 July 2008, US District Court Judge Thomas F. Hogan listed this habeas petition on a list where former captives were eligible to seek relief.

## InfoBox

| El Banna v. Bush | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Court | United States District Court for the District of Columbia |
| Full case name | *Jamil El Banna, et al. v. George W. Bush, et al.* |
| Docket nos. | 1:04-cv-01144 |
| Case history | |
| Related actions | *Boumediene v. Bush*, 553 U.S. 723 (2008) |
| Court membership | |
| Judge sitting | Richard W. Roberts |


title: English ship Tredagh (1654)

abstract: The ship that became the first HMS Resolution was a 50-gun third-rate frigate built under the 1652 Programme for the navy of the Commonwealth of England by Sir Phineas Pett at Ratcliffe, and launched in 1654 under the name Tredagh. After the Restoration in 1660, Tredagh was renamed HMS Resolution. On 25 February 1665 Resolution fought in the Battle of Lowestoft as the flagship of Rear Admiral Robert Sansum. On 25 July 1666 Julian she fought in the St. James's Day Battle under the command of Captain Willoughby Hannam as the flagship of Rear Admiral Sir John Harman. In the battle she ran aground and was burnt by a Dutch fireship.

text:
# English ship Tredagh (1654)

The ship that became the first **HMS *Resolution*** was a 50-gun third-rate frigate built under the 1652 Programme for the navy of the Commonwealth of England by Sir Phineas Pett at Ratcliffe, and launched in 1654 under the name ***Tredagh*** (Tredagh is an alternative name for the Irish town of Drogheda, scene of the Siege of Drogheda, a Roundhead victory, during the English Civil War).

After the Restoration in 1660, *Tredagh* was renamed HMS *Resolution*. On 25 February 1665 (Julian calendar, then still in use; 7 March 1666 in the Gregorian calendar) *Resolution* fought in the Battle of Lowestoft as the flagship of Rear Admiral Robert Sansum. On 25 July 1666 Julian (4 August 1666 Gregorian) she fought in the St. James's Day Battle under the command of Captain Willoughby Hannam as the flagship of Rear Admiral Sir John Harman. In the battle she ran aground and was burnt by a Dutch fireship.

* Lavery, Brian (2003) *The Ship of the Line – Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850.* Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-252-8.

## InfoBox

| The Battle of Lowestoft, 1665 | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| England | |
| Name | *Tredagh* |
| Ordered | December 1652 |
| Builder | Phineas Pett II, Ratcliffe |
| Launched | 22 May 1654 |
| Renamed | HMS *Resolution*, 1660 |
| Fate | Burnt, 25 July 1666 |
| Notes |  |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Third-rate frigate |
| Tons burthen | 771 |
| Length | 117 ft 3 in (35.7 m) (keel) |
| Beam | 35 ft 2 in (10.7 m) |
| Depth of hold | 14 ft 5 in (4.4 m) |
| Sail plan | Full-rigged ship |
| Armament | 50 guns of various weights of shot |


abstract: The women's 400 metre freestyle competition at the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships took place on August 23 at the Gold Coast Aquatic Centre. The last champion was Chloe Sutton of United States. This race consisted of eight lengths of the pool, with all eight being in the freestyle stroke.

text:
# 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships – Women's 400 metre freestyle

The **women's 400 metre freestyle** competition at the **2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships** took place on August 23 at the Gold Coast Aquatic Centre. The last champion was Chloe Sutton of United States.

This race consisted of eight lengths of the pool, with all eight being in the freestyle stroke.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Pan Pacific records were as follows:

| **World record** | Katie Ledecky (USA) | **3:58.86** | Irvine, United States | August 9, 2014 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Pan Pacific Championships record** | Janet Evans (USA) | **4:04.53** | Tokyo, Japan | August 19, 1989 |

## Results

All times are in minutes and seconds.

| **KEY:** | **q** | Fastest non-qualifiers | **Q** | Qualified | **CR** | Championships record | **NR** | National record | **PB** | Personal best | **SB** | Seasonal best |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

### Heats

The first round was held on August 23, at 10:47.

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Katie Ledecky | United States | 4:03.09 | **QA, CR** |
| 2 | Cierra Runge | United States | 4:06.73 | **QA** |
| 3 | Andreina Pinto | Venezuela | 4:07.48 | **QA** |
| 4 | Leah Smith | United States | 4:07.77 | **QA** |
| 5 | Becca Mann | United States | 4:08.50 | **QA** |
| 5 | Lauren Boyle | New Zealand | 4:08.64 | **QA** |
| 7 | Bronte Barratt | Australia | 4:09.30 | **QA** |
| 8 | Alanna Bowles | Australia | 4:09.53 | **QA** |
| 9 | Brittany MacLean | Canada | 4:09.75 | **QB** |
| 10 | Jessica Ashwood | Australia | 4:12.08 | **QB** |
| 11 | Samantha Cleverton | Canada | 4:14.44 | **QB** |
| 12 | Aya Takano | Japan | 4:14.63 | **QB** |
| 13 | Chihi Igarashi | Japan | 4:16.28 | **QB** |
| 14 | Emma Robinson | New Zealand | 4:16.63 | **QB** |
| 14 | Yasuk Miyamoto | Japan | 4:16.63 | **QB** |
| 16 | Alyson Ackman | Canada | 4:16.67 | **QB** |
| 17 | Samantha Lucie-Smith | New Zealand | 4:18.49 |  |
| 18 | Tabitha Baumann | Canada | 4:20.20 |  |
| 19 | Miho Takahashi | Japan | 4:21.09 |  |
| 20 | Liu Yiru | China | 4:22.99 |  |
| 21 | Leonora Parmeleau | Canada | 4:30.18 |  |
| 22 | Hei Tung Cheng | Hong Kong | 4:35.49 |  |

### B Final

The B final was held on August 23, at 20:04.

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9 | Leah Smith | United States | 4:06.91 |  |
| 10 | Jessica Ashwood | Australia | 4:10.14 |  |
| 11 | Chihi Igarashi | Japan | 4:13.72 |  |
| 12 | Samantha Lucie-Smith | New Zealand | 4:15.19 |  |
| 13 | Emma Robinson | New Zealand | 4:15.92 |  |
| 14 | Aya Takano | Japan | 4:16.07 |  |
| 15 | Yasuk Miyamoto | Japan | 4:16.38 |  |
| 16 | Tabitha Baumann | Canada | 4:23.47 |  |

### A Final

The A final was held on August 23, at 20:04.

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Katie Ledecky | United States | 3:58.37 | **WR, CR** |
|  | Cierra Runge | United States | 4:04.55 |  |
|  | Lauren Boyle | New Zealand | 4:05.33 |  |
| 4 | Brittany MacLean | Canada | 4:05.91 |  |
| 5 | Andreina Pinto | Venezuela | 4:07.51 |  |
| 6 | Bronte Barratt | Australia | 4:10.40 |  |
| 7 | Alanna Bowles | Australia | 4:10.58 |  |
| 8 | Samantha Cleverton | Canada | 4:12.25 |  |

## InfoBox

| Women's 400 metre freestyle
at the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Gold Coast Aquatic Centre |
| Dates | August 23, 2014 (heats &
finals) |
| Competitors | 22 |
| Winning time | 3:58.37 |
| Medalists | |
| United States  United States  New Zealand | |
|


title: Ayibobo

abstract: Ayibobo is a band from New York City, United States that is Jean-Paul Bourelly's side project. Ayibobo is one spelling of a Haitian Creole word that means "amen". MusicHound described the band as combining "Haitian singers and drummers with jazz horns, Bourelly's style, and EU drummer Ju Ju House." Although the band is from New York, most of the band members are Haitian. The band released their first album Freestyle in 1993, produced by Jean-Paul Bourelly and Kazunori Sugiyama. The album was recorded in New York City from April to May 1993. The Wire magazine said that on the album Bourelly "immersed his wonderfully jarring, new-Hendrix sound in the chants and polyrhythms of non-geographically specific Africa. It’s tightly played and well recorded, occasionally hinting at some new kind of psychedelic funk, but you can't help wishing Bourelly would step out and wail like we know he can." AllMusic called Freestyle "danceable, pan-cultural jazz at its most enjoyable". Their second album Stone Voudou was released in 2003, also on DIW Records. It is composed of live recordings of a concert spanning five nights performed in August 2001 in Berlin, Germany.

text:
# Ayibobo

**Ayibobo** is a band from New York City, United States that is Jean-Paul Bourelly's side project. *Ayibobo* is one spelling of a Haitian Creole word that means "amen". MusicHound described the band as combining "Haitian singers and drummers with jazz horns, Bourelly's style, and EU drummer Ju Ju House."

Although the band is from New York, most of the band members are Haitian. The band released their first album *Freestyle* in 1993, produced by Jean-Paul Bourelly and Kazunori Sugiyama. The album was recorded in New York City from April to May 1993. *The Wire* magazine said that on the album Bourelly "immersed his wonderfully jarring, new-Hendrix sound in the chants and polyrhythms of non-geographically specific Africa. It’s tightly played and well recorded, occasionally hinting at some new kind of psychedelic funk, but you can't help wishing Bourelly would step out and wail like we know he can." AllMusic called *Freestyle* "danceable, pan-cultural jazz at its most enjoyable".

Their second album *Stone Voudou* was released in 2003, also on DIW Records. It is composed of live recordings of a concert spanning five nights performed in August 2001 in Berlin, Germany.

## Discography

| **Year** | **Album** | **Label** | **Notes** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1993 | *Freestyle* | DIW Records |  |
| 2003 | *Stone Voudou* | DIW Records |  |

## Band members

**Lineup** (as of 1993)

**Lineup** (as of 2003)

* Chico Boyer – Bass, drums, instruments (vaksin, konè), vocals
* Muneer B. Fennell – Cello
* Gaston "Bonga" Jean-Baptiste – Congas, percussion, instruments (vaksin, konè), vocals
* Jimmy Rock – Congas, percussion, vocals
* Kenny Martin – Drums
* Jean-Paul Bourelly – Guitar, drums, vocals
* Mathias Agbokou – Percussion, vocals
* Jacques "Doudou" Chancy – Saxophone, percussion, instruments (vaksin, konè), vocals
* Rosna – Vocals, percussion

**Lineup** (current)

* Wilfred "Tido" Lavaud – Vocals, guitar
* Chico Boyer – Bass, percussion
* Julius "Ju Ju" House – House drums
* Muneer B. Fennell – Cello
* Gaston "Bonga" Jean-Baptiste – Vocals, percussion
* Jimmy Rock – Drums
* Jean-Paul Bourelly – Guitar, percussion
* Tido Gaston – Vocals, percussion
* Jacques "Doudou" Chancy – Alto sax
* Thurgot Theodat – Alto sax
* Booker T. – Tenor sax
* Rosna – Vocals, percussion

## InfoBox

| Ayibobo | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | New York City, United States |
| Genres | *Mizik rasin*, jazz, world music |
| Labels | DIW Records |
|  | |
| Members | * Wilfred "Tido" Lavaud * Chico Boyer * Julius "Ju Ju" House * Muneer B. Fennell * Gaston "Bonga" Jean-Baptiste * Jimmy Rock * Jean-Paul Bourelly * Tido Gaston * Jacques "Doudou" Chancy * Thurgot Theodat * Booker T. * Rosna |
|  | |
| Past members |  |


title: 1881–82 in Scottish football

abstract: The 1881–82 season was the ninth season of competitive football in Scotland.

text:
# 1881–82 in Scottish football

| 1881–82 in Scottish football | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Scottish Cup winners | |
| Queen's Park | |

The **1881–82 season** was the ninth season of competitive football in Scotland.

## Honours

### Cup honours

#### National

| Competition | Winner | Score | Runner-up |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Scottish Cup | Queen's Park | 4 – 1 | Dumbarton |

#### County

After Hibernian won the Edinburgh FA Cup on three successive seasons, they were awarded it outright, and a new trophy, the East of Scotland Shield would in future be played for by Edinburgh clubs.

| Competition | Winner | Score | Runner-up |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ayrshire Cup | Kilmarnock Portland | 4 – 0 | Kilmarnock |
| Buteshire Cup | Millport | 1 – 0 | Bute Rangers |
| East of Scotland Shield | Hibernian | 4 – 2 | St Bernard's |
| Lanarkshire Cup | Hamilton | 4 – 3 | Cambuslang |
| Renfrewshire Cup | Arthurlie | 2 – 0 | Cartvale |

#### Other

| Competition | Winner | Score | Runner-up |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Glasgow Charity Cup | Vale of Leven | 1 – 0 | Dumbarton |

## Teams in F.A. Cup

| Season | Club | Round | Score | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 188182 | Queen's Park | 1st round | Accrington | *Withdrew* |

## Scotland national team

| Date | Venue | Opponents | Score | Competition | Scotland scorers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 11 March 1882 | Hampden Park, Glasgow | England | 5 – 1 | Friendly | George Ker (2), William Harrower, John Kay, Robert McPherson |
| 25 March 1882 | Hampden Park, Glasgow | Wales | 5 – 0 | Friendly | Eadie Fraser (2), John Kay, George Ker, James McAulay |

1. "East of Scotland Shield". *Scottish Football Historical Archive*. 17 June 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
2. "Scotland - International Matches 1881-1890". *RSSSF*. 12 August 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022.

## InfoBox

Football in Scotland
| Season | 1881–82 |
| --- | --- |
|  | |


title: Englon SC5-RV

abstract: The Englon SC5-RV is a subcompact hatchback produced by Chinese auto manufacturer Englon. It debuted as a concept at the 2010 Beijing Auto Show. Price ranges from 52.300 yuan to 56.300 yuan.

text:
# Englon SC5-RV

The **Englon SC5-RV** is a subcompact hatchback produced by Chinese auto manufacturer Englon. It debuted as a concept at the 2010 Beijing Auto Show. Price ranges from 52.300 yuan to 56.300 yuan.

## Overview

### Safety

In 2013 the Englon SC5-RV received 5 stars during the crash test commissioned and tested by the C-NCAP in Tianjin, China.

### Facelift

A facelift was conducted in 2013 with revised front bumper, rear bumper, and light units.

### Englon SX5

A subcompact SUV based on the Englon SC5-RV hatchback call the Englon SX5 was launched shortly after. Which is essentially the Geely Englon SC5-RV slightly lifted with different bumpers and plastic cladding.

### Geely GLEagle GC5

The Geely GLEagle GC5 debuted at the Beijing Auto Show in April as a sedan variant of the Englon SC5-RV, and was listed in early 2011.

## Kandi K17A EV

The K17A debuted on August 5, 2016, as the first product of Kandi Technologies. From the exterior, the Kandi K17A EV was essentially a rebadged Englon SC5-RV, and the vehicle was originally built for the Kandi EV CarShare, a carsharing program in the city of Hangzhou. The system operates only with Kandi EV all-electric cars, which are available to customers in automated garages that run like vending machines. The leasing option, called "Long Lease," is available from 1- to 3-year contracts.

## InfoBox

| Englon SC5 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Englon (Geely Auto) |
| Also called | Geely Englon SX5 (crossover)
Geely GLEagle GC5 (sedan)
Kandi K17A EV |
| Production | 2011-2015 |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | subcompact car |
| Body style | 5-door hatchback
4-door sedan |
| Layout | Front-engine, front-wheel-drive |
| Related | Geely Yuanjing X3 |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 1.3 L I4
1.5 L *MR479QA* I4 |
| Transmission | 5 speed manual |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,461 mm (96.9 in) |
| Length | 3,919 mm (154.3 in) |
| Width | 1,745 mm (68.7 in) |
| Height | 1,505 mm (59.3 in) |
| Curb weight | 1,258–1,310 kg (2,773–2,888 lb) |
| Chronology | |
| Successor | Geely Yuanjing X3 |


title: Eric Culberson

abstract: Eric Culberson is an American blues guitarist and singer-songwriter from Savannah, Georgia, United States. Victor Wainwright's own ensemble backed Culberson at the Savannah Blues Bar, during the former's high school years. Culberson's music has been reviewed by Living Blues, Real Blues Magazine, and Blues Revue magazines. His first album, Blues is my Religion, reached No. 24 on the American Billboard blues chart. Other albums include No Rules to the Game, Live at the Bamboo Room, and In The Outside,, which was produced by Kevin Rose of Elevated Basement Studios and mastered by Terry Manning.

text:
# Eric Culberson

**Eric Culberson** is an American blues guitarist and singer-songwriter from Savannah, Georgia, United States. Victor Wainwright's own ensemble backed Culberson at the Savannah Blues Bar, during the former's high school years.

Culberson's music has been reviewed by *Living Blues*, *Real Blues Magazine*, and *Blues Revue* magazines. His first album, *Blues is my Religion,* (Kingsnake Records, 1995) reached No. 24 on the American *Billboard* blues chart. Other albums include *No Rules to the Game* (Kingsnake Records, 1998), *Live at the Bamboo Room* (Independent Release, 2005), and *In The Outside,* (Independent Release, 2010), which was produced by Kevin Rose of Elevated Basement Studios and mastered by Terry Manning.


abstract: The men's discus throw was one of two throwing events on the Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme. The discus throw was the fourth event held. It was contested on 6 April. 9 athletes competed, including one each from France, Sweden, the United States, and Great Britain as well as three Greeks and two Danes. Many of the competitors had never thrown a discus before, as the event had never been held at an international competition. Robert Garrett of the United States was the last foreigner in the competition, and eventually defeated the famed Greek competitors to win the second modern Olympic gold medal. Garrett had practiced with a 10 kilogram discus, resulting in disappointing marks and his deciding not to compete in Athens; upon arrival, he learned that the actual discus weighed two kilograms and decided to compete. Greece took the second and third places.

text:
# Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics – Men's discus throw

The men's discus throw was one of two throwing events on the Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics programme. The discus throw was the fourth event (and the second final) held. It was contested on 6 April. 9 athletes competed, including one each from France, Sweden, the United States, and Great Britain as well as three Greeks and two Danes.

Many of the competitors had never thrown a discus before, as the event had never been held at an international competition. Robert Garrett of the United States was the last foreigner in the competition, and eventually defeated the famed Greek competitors to win the second modern Olympic gold medal. Garrett had practiced with a 10 kilogram discus, resulting in disappointing marks and his deciding not to compete in Athens (and competing only in the shot put, which he would win the next day); upon arrival, he learned that the actual discus weighed two kilograms and decided to compete. Greece took the second (Panagiotis Paraskevopoulos) and third (Sotirios Versis) places.

## Background

This was the first appearance of the event, which is one of 12 athletics events to have been held at every Summer Olympics. Thirteen athletes entered, but only nine started. Athletes from outside Greece were unfamiliar with the event, while the Greek champions (most notably Panagiotis Paraskevopoulos) were somewhat hampered by attempting to "strike poses reminiscent of the ancient Greek statues of 'diskoboloi.'"

## Competition format

There was a single round of throwing. Each thrower received three throws and the top three after that received two more. The throws were made from a square area with a side length of 2 to 2.5 meters. The discus weighed 2 kilograms. Throws were supposed to be made in the style of Myron's Discobolus statue, though this rule was not enforced (to the extent it would have been possible).

## Records

These were the standing world and Olympic records (in metres) prior to the 1896 Summer Olympics.

| **World record** | Erik Eriksson (SWE)* | **35.74 m (117 ft 3 in)** | Stockholm | 6 October 1895 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Olympic record** | *N/A* | ***N/A*** | *N/A* | *N/A* |

* unofficial

The following record was established during the competition:

| Date | Event | Athlete | Nation | Distance (m) | Record |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| April 6 | Final | Robert Garrett | United States | 29.15 | OR |

## Schedule

| Date | | Time | Round |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Gregorian | Julian | | |
| Monday, 6 April 1896 | Monday, 25 March 1896 | **16:25** | **Final** |

## Results

As with many of the 1896 events, the results are incomplete and disputed. The list below is per Olympedia. The IOC webpage has these 9 competitors, placing Papasideris 5th, Robertson 6th, and Sjöberg 7th (with no 4th place finisher listed). The Official Report says there were 11 competitors, though it is often unclear whether it means those who entered or who actually competed. The nationality of the two additional men are given as German and Danish, so the Official Report appears to include Schuhmann and Winckler. Megede replaces Grisel with an "A. Adler" of France, placing *him* 4th, follows the IOC webpage placement of Papasideris, Robertson, and Sjöberg, and includes Schuhmann and Winckler as having competed.

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Distance | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Robert Garrett | United States | 27.53 | X | Unknown | 28.72 | **29.15** OR | **29.15** | OR |
|  | Panagiotis Paraskevopoulos | Greece | 28.51 | Unknown | Unknown | 28.88 | **28.95** OR | **28.95** |  |
|  | Sotirios Versis | Greece | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | **27.78** |  |
| 4 | George S. Robertson | Great Britain | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | did not advance | | **25.20** |  |
| 5–9 | Adolphe Grisel | France | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | did not advance | | Unknown |  |
| | Viggo Jensen | Denmark | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | did not advance | | Unknown |  |
| | Holger Nielsen | Denmark | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | did not advance | | Unknown |  |
| | Georgios Papasideris | Greece | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | did not advance | | Unknown |  |
| | Henrik Sjöberg | Sweden | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | did not advance | | Unknown |  |
|  | Louis Adler | France | DNS | | | | | |  |
| | Carl Schuhmann | Germany | DNS | | | | | |  |
| | Charles Vanoni | United States | DNS | | | | | |  |
| | Charles Winckler | Denmark | DNS | | | | | |  |

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Men's discus throw
at the Games of the I Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Robert Garrett throwing the discus | |
| Venue | Panathinaiko Stadium |
| Dates | 6 April 1896 |
| Competitors | 9 from 6 nations |
| Winning distance | 29.15 **WR** |
| Medalists | |
| Robert Garrett
United States  Panagiotis Paraskevopoulos
Greece  Sotirios Versis
Greece | |
|


title: 1946 Florida A&M Rattlers football team

abstract: The 1946 Florida A&M Rattlers football team was an American football team that represented Florida A&M College as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1946 college football season. In their second season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled a 6–3–1 record, and won the SIAC championship, and appeared in two post-season games, losing to Lincoln (PA) in the Orange Blossom Classic and tying Wiley in the Angel Bowl. The Dickinson System rated Florida A&M as the No. 8 black college football team for 1946. Florida A&M end Nathaniel "Traz" Powell was selected as a first-team player on The Pittsburgh Courier's 1946 All-America team. Three others were named to the second team: end Mitchell; tackle Brewington; and back Theodore "Ted" Montgomery. The team's quarterback was "Big Jim" Williams. The Rattlers played their home games at Sampson-Bragg Field in Tallahassee, Florida.

text:
# 1946 Florida A&M Rattlers football team

1946 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| No. 8 Florida A&M $ | 6 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 6 |  | 4 |  | 1 |
| No. 5 Lane | 4 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 8 |  | 2 |  | 0 |
| No. 3 Tuskegee | 5 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 10 |  | 2 |  | 0 |
| No. 12 Xavier (LA) | 1 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 4 |  | 2 |  | 0 |
| No. 18 Clark (GA) | 2 |  | 2 |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  | 4 |  | 1 |
| No. 14 South Carolina State | 2 |  | 3 |  | 1 |  |  | 5 |  | 3 |  | 1 |
| No. 15 Fisk | 0 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  | 4 |  | 1 |
| No. 16 Morris Brown | 3 |  | 3 |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |  | 3 |  | 1 |
| No. 17 Benedict | 3 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 5 |  | 0 |
| No. 20 Alabama State | 3 |  | 4 |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |  | 4 |  | 1 |
| No. 22 Morehouse | 1 |  | 4 |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |  | 4 |  | 3 |
| Knoxville |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * $  Conference champion Rankings from *Pittsburgh Courier* Dickinson System | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1946 Florida A&M Rattlers football team** was an American football team that represented Florida A&M College as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SIAC) during the 1946 college football season. In their second season under head coach Jake Gaither, the Rattlers compiled a 6–3–1 record (6–0 against SIAC opponents), and won the SIAC championship, and appeared in two post-season games, losing to Lincoln (PA) in the Orange Blossom Classic and tying Wiley in the Angel Bowl.

The Dickinson System rated Florida A&M as the No. 8 black college football team for 1946.

Florida A&M end Nathaniel "Traz" Powell was selected as a first-team player on *The Pittsburgh Courier'*s 1946 All-America team. Three others were named to the second team: end Mitchell; tackle Brewington; and back Theodore "Ted" Montgomery. The team's quarterback was "Big Jim" Williams.

The Rattlers played their home games at Sampson-Bragg Field in Tallahassee, Florida.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| October 5 | vs. Wilberforce* |  | L 14–22 |  |  |
| October 12 | Alabama State |  | W 35–0 |  |  |
| October 19 | at Morris Brown |  | W 7–0 | 5,000 |  |
| October 26 | at Knoxville | Knoxville, TN | W 27–0 |  |  |
| November 2 | vs. Kentucky State* |  | L 6–14 | 5,000 |  |
| November 9 | Tuskegee | * Sampson-Bragg Field * Tallahassee, FL | W 21–20 | 5,000 |  |
| November 16 | Clark | * Sampson-Bragg Field * Tallahassee, FL | W 32–0 |  |  |
| November 23 | at Southern* | Scotlandville, LA | L 19–38 |  |  |
| November 30 | Fisk | * Centennial Field * Tallahassee, FL | W 18–0 | 3,000–4,000 |  |
| December 7 | vs. Lincoln (PA)* | Tampa, FL (Orange Blossom Classic) | L 14–20 | \> 9,000 |  |
| December 28 | vs. Wiley* |  | T 6–6 | 20,000 |  |
| * \*Non-conference game * Homecoming | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1946 Florida A&M Rattlers football | |
| --- | --- |
| SIAC champion | |
| Orange Blossom Classic, L 14–20 vs. Lincoln (PA)<br>Angel Bowl, T 6–6 vs. Wiley | |
| Conference | Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference |
| Record | 6–4–1 (6–0 SIAC) |
| Head coach |  |
| Home stadium | Sampson-Bragg Field |
|


title: El Balazo

abstract: El Balazo is the tenth studio album by Dominican singer Antony Santos.

text:
# El Balazo

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***El Balazo*** (English: *The Bullet Shot*) is the tenth studio album by Dominican singer Antony Santos.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Antony Santos, except where noted

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Cuanto Lamento" (Bachata Version) |  | 5:46 |
| 2. | "Me Quiero Morir" |  | 6:31 |
| 3. | "Alegre Conga" | Miguel Matamoros | 5:15 |
| 4. | "Dame Mas" |  | 6:44 |
| 5. | "Se Metio Chiquito" |  | 6:38 |
| 6. | "Eres Linda" |  | 5:42 |
| 7. | "El Balazo" |  | 6:16 |
| 8. | "Si Volvieras" |  | 6:23 |
| 9. | "Castígala" |  | 5:57 |
| 10. | "Cuanto Lamento" (Balada Version) |  | 4:56 |
| Total length: | | | 59:08 |

**Cover**

## Charts

| Chart (2001) | Peak
Position |
| --- | --- |
| US Tropical Albums (*Billboard*) | 17 |

## InfoBox

| El Balazo | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Antony Santos | |
| Released | August 7, 2001 |
| Recorded | 2000–2001 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 59:08 |
| Label |  |
| Antony Santos chronology | |
| *Enamorado*
(1999) ***El Balazo***
(2001) *El Mayimbe, Vol. 2 (En Vivo)*
(2002) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *El Balazo* | |
| 1. "Cuanto Lamento"
Released: 2001 2. "Me Quiero Morir"
Released: 2001 3. "Algre Conga"
Released: 2001 4. "Si Volvieras"
Released: 2001 | |
| Alternative Cover | |
|  | |
| Alternate cover | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: English ship Triumph (1562)

abstract: Triumph of 1562 was the first vessel of record to hold the name. She was a 60-gun English galleon built in Deptford in 1561–62 and launched in October 1562, and once the flagship of Admiral Robert Blake. With a nominal burden of 1000 tons, she was the largest ship built in England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. Triumph was a square-rigged galleon of four masts, including two lateen-rigged mizzenmasts. She served effectively as the flagship of Vice-Admiral Martin Frobisher during the battle of the Spanish Armada in 1588. In 1595–96 she was rebuilt as a race-built galleon, but at the time of the Commission of Enquiry in 1618 she was condemned and broken up.

text:
# English ship Triumph (1562)

***Triumph*** of 1562 was the first vessel of record to hold the name. She was a 60-gun English galleon built in Deptford in 1561–62 and launched in October 1562, and once the flagship of Admiral Robert Blake.

With a nominal burden of 1000 tons, she was the largest ship built in England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. *Triumph* was a square-rigged galleon of four masts, including two lateen-rigged mizzenmasts. She served effectively as the flagship of Vice-Admiral Martin Frobisher during the battle of the Spanish Armada in 1588. In 1595–96 she was rebuilt as a race-built galleon, but at the time of the Commission of Enquiry in 1618 she was condemned and broken up.

* R C Anderson. *List of English Men of War 1509 - 1649.*
* Rif Winfield, *British Warships in the Age of Sail 1603-1714: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates*. Seaforth Publishing, 2009. ISBN 978-1-84832-040-6.

## InfoBox

| English ships fight the Spanish Armada, 1588 | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| England | |
| Name | *Triumph* |
| Builder | Deptford Dockyard |
| Laid down | 1561 |
| Launched | October 1562 |
| Fate | Rebuilt 1598–99. Condemned, 1618 |
| General characteristics as newbuilt 1561-62 | |
| Class and type | 42-gun great ship |
| Tons burthen | 742 tons |
| Length | Unrecorded |
| Beam | Unrecorded |
| Depth of hold | Unrecorded |
| Sail plan | Full-rigged ship |
| Complement | 500 |
| Armament | * 42 guns - comprising 9 demi-cannon, 4 cannon periers, 14 culverins, * 7 demi-culverins, 6 sakers and 2 minions. Also 26 smaller (4 port-pieces, 10 fowlers and 12 bases). |
| General characteristics as rebuilt 1598-99 | |
| Class and type | 55-gun great ship |
| Tons burthen | 760 tons |
| Length | 100 ft (30 m) (keel) |
| Beam | 40 ft (12 m) |
| Depth of hold | 19 ft (5.8 m) |
| Sail plan | Full-rigged ship |
| Complement | 500 |
| Armament | * 55 guns - comprising 3 demi-cannon, 4 cannon periers, 19 culverins, * 16 demi-culverins and 13 sakers. Also 4 smaller (fowlers). |


title: Battle of Brentwood

abstract: The Battle of Brentwood took place during the American Civil War on March 25, 1863, in Williamson County, Tennessee at Brentwood, Tennessee.

text:
# Battle of Brentwood

The **Battle of Brentwood** took place during the American Civil War on March 25, 1863, in Williamson County, Tennessee at Brentwood, Tennessee.

## Battle

Union Lt. Col. Edward Bloodgood held Brentwood, a station on the Nashville & Decatur Railroad, with 400 men on the morning of March 25, 1863, when Confederate Brig. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest, with a powerful column, approached the town. The day before, Forrest had ordered Col. James W. Starnes, commanding the 2nd Brigade, to go to Brentwood, cut the telegraph, tear up railroad track, attack the stockade, and cut off any retreat.

Forrest and the other cavalry brigade made contact with Bloodgood about 7:00 am on March 25. A messenger from the stockade informed Bloodgood that Forrest's men were about to attack and had destroyed the railroad tracks. Bloodgood sought to notify his superiors and discovered that the telegraph lines were cut. Forrest sent in a demand for a surrender under a flag of truce but Bloodgood refused. Within a half-hour, Forrest had artillery in place to shell Bloodgood's position and had surrounded the Federals with a large force. Bloodgood surrendered.

Forrest and his men caused considerable damage during this expedition and Brentwood, Tennessee, on the railroad, was a significant loss to the Federals.

## Modern Locations

* Johnson Chapel Road, along which General Forrest led his men to battle from the west, has been renamed Maryland Way. The approach would have started at the modern-day intersection of Maryland Way and High Lea Road in the River Oaks subdivision (36.036798, -86.821647). The troops proceeded east to what is now Franklin Road and Church Street (36.033407, -86.788866).
* The other Confederate brigade approaching from the east, under Colonel James Wellborn Starnes, established their position on a nearby hill, currently the Hilton Suites on Church Street (36.032563, -86.780939).
* Most of the battle took place around what is now the Shell station on the northwest corner of Franklin Road and Old Hickory Boulevard (36.038072, -86.787273).

## InfoBox

| Battle of Brentwood | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of American Civil War | |
| Date March 25, 1863 (1863-03-25)  Location Williamson County, Tennessee36°02′17″N 86°47′14″W / 36.038072°N 86.787273°W / 36.038072; -86.787273  Result Confederate victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| United States (Union) | CSA (Confederacy) |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Edward Bloodgood | Nathan Bedford Forrest |
| Units involved | |
| 22nd Wisconsin Infantry
33rd Indiana Infantry Regiment
19th Michigan Infantry
1st Division, 1st Cavalry Corps | Forrest's Division |
| Strength | |
| 400 |
 |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 305 | 6 |
| Brentwoodclass=notpageimage|Location of battle.BrentwoodBrentwood (the United States) | |


title: Ayida-Weddo

abstract: Ayida-Weddo, also known as Ayida, Agida, Ayida-Wedo, Aido Quedo, Aido Wedo, Aida Wedo, and Aido Hwedo, is a powerful loa spirit in Vodou, revered in regions across Africa and the Caribbean, namely in Benin, Suriname and Haiti. Known as the "Rainbow Serpent", Ayida-Weddo is the loa of fertility, rainbows, wind, water, fire, wealth, thunder, and snakes. Alongside Damballa, Ayida-Weddo is regarded among the most ancient and significant loa. Considered in many sources as the female half of Damballa's twin spirit, the names Da Ayida Hwedo, Dan Ayida Hwedo, and Dan Aida Wedo have also been used to refer to her. Thought to have existed before the Earth, Ayida-Weddo assisted the creator goddess Mawu-Lisa in the formation of the world, and is responsible for holding together the Earth and heavens. Ayida-Weddo bestows love and well-being upon her followers, teaching fluidity and the connection between body and spirit.

text:
# Ayida-Weddo

**Ayida-Weddo**, also known as **Ayida**, **Agida**, **Ayida-Wedo**, **Aido Quedo**, **Aido Wedo**, **Aida Wedo**, and **Aido Hwedo**, is a powerful loa spirit in Vodou, revered in regions across Africa and the Caribbean, namely in Benin, Suriname and Haiti. Known as the "**Rainbow Serpent**", Ayida-Weddo is the loa of fertility, rainbows, wind, water, fire, wealth, thunder, and snakes. Alongside Damballa, Ayida-Weddo is regarded among the most ancient and significant loa. Considered in many sources as the female half of Damballa's twin spirit, the names **Da Ayida Hwedo**, **Dan Ayida Hwedo**, and **Dan Aida Wedo** have also been used to refer to her. Thought to have existed before the Earth, Ayida-Weddo assisted the creator goddess Mawu-Lisa in the formation of the world, and is responsible for holding together the Earth and heavens. Ayida-Weddo bestows love and well-being upon her followers, teaching fluidity and the connection between body and spirit.

## Family

Ayida-Weddo is a member of the Rada family of loa, associated with protection, benevolence, and love. In many stories, she is married to Damballa. As his inseparable companion, she shares him with his concubine, Erzulie Freda. In others, she is one with Damballa: a single entity sharing a dual spirit. As his female aspect, together they represent dynamism, life, creation, and the intertwined harmony of male and female, earth and heaven, and body and spirit.

## Symbols and offerings

Ayida-Weddo is symbolized by the rainbow, snake, thunderbolt, and white paquet congo. When represented in art, she is often depicted as a serpent consuming its own tail. In veves, she is invariably portrayed alongside Damballa as one of two dancing or intertwined serpents. White, as the purest color, represents her in ceremony. When Ayida-Weddo appears in ritual, she dons white cloth and a jeweled headdress, and embodies the serpent by slithering upon the ground. Matching her sacred color, appropriate offerings to her include white chickens, white eggs, rice, milk, as well as other white offerings decorated in rainbow colors. Her favorite plant is cotton.

## Form and function

The Fon people of Benin believe the rainbow serpent Ayida-Weddo was a servant of Mawu-Lisa and existed before the Earth was made. As Mawu-Lisa created the world, the serpent carried the goddess in its mouth as she shaped the Earth with her creations. As they went across the land, the rainbow serpent's body left behind the canyons, rivers, valleys, and mountains. The rainbow serpent had a twin personality whose red half was male, and whose blue half was female. Together, they held up the Earth and the heavens. The female half was said to arc thunderbolts and rainbows across the sky with its body, and lived among the clouds, trees, springs, and rivers. Asked by Mawu-Lisa to help support the weight of her creations on the Earth, the rainbow serpent's male half coiled its body underneath the world to prevent its collapse. As it writhes from exertion under the world's weight, the serpent causes earthquakes in the land. When it runs out of the iron that sates its hunger, it is said the serpent will devour its tail, finally causing the heavy Earth to sink into the abyss. In some stories, Ayida-Weddo descends from the heavens with Adanhu and Yewa, the first humans created by Mawu.

> "In the beginning there was a vast serpent, whose body formed seven thousand coils beneath the earth, protecting it from descent into the abysmal sea. Then the titanic snake began to move and heave its massive form from the earth to envelop the sky. It scattered stars in the firmament and wound its taught flesh down the mountains to create riverbeds. It shot thunderbolts to the earth to create the sacred thunderstones. From its deepest core it released the sacred waters to fill the earth with life. As the first rains fell, a rainbow encompassed the sky and Danbala took her, Ayida Wedo, as his wife. The spiritual nectar that they created reproduces through all men and women as milk and semen. The serpent and the rainbow taught humankind the link between blood and life, between menstruation and birth, and the ultimate Vodou sacrament of blood sacrifice."

In Haiti, Ayida-Weddo is said to have crossed the ocean with her husband Damballa to take the ancient knowledge and traditions of Vodou from Africa to the Caribbean. As Damballa slithered under the ocean, Ayida-Weddo flew across the sky in the form of the rainbow until the two loa reunited in Haiti, bringing Vodou to the Americas.

Ayida-Weddo is syncretized in Haitian Vodou with the Catholic figure of Our Lady of Immaculate Conception for her association with serpents and rainbow-colored cherubs. Ayida-Weddo's days of service lie on Monday and Tuesday, and she is honored on December 8 with festivals for her blessings. Through prayer and ritual, she grants peace, love, prosperity, joy, and understanding to her devotees.

In West African mythology, Ayida-Weddo is often equated to the Yoruba rainbow serpent Oshumare, with whom she shares many aspects.

## InfoBox

| Ayida-Weddo | |
| --- | --- |
| Rainbow Serpent | |
| Veve of Ayida-Weddo and Damballa, always depicted together. | |
| Venerated in | Vodou, Folk Catholicism |
| Attributes | rainbow, blue, white paquet congo, ouroboros |
| Patronage | fertility, rainbows, wind, water, fire, wealth, thunder, snakes |
|  | |


# 10th Parliament of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

This is a list of members of parliament (MPs) elected to the Assembly of the Republic for the 10th Parliament of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus at the 2022 parliamentary election.

The list below indicates the MPs in the parties in which they were elected; any change of political party is indicated separately.

| Party | | Members | Change | Proportion |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | National Unity Party | 24 | 3 | 48% |
|  | Republican Turkish Party | 18 | 6 | 36% |
|  | Democratic Party | 3 | 0 | 6% |
|  | People's Party | 3 | 6 | 6% |
|  | Rebirth Party | 2 | 0 | 4% |
| **Total** | | **50** |  | **100%** |
|  | | | | | | |

## Lefkoşa

| Member of Parliament | Party |
| --- | --- |
| Faiz Sucuoğlu | National Unity Party |
| Olgun Amcaoğlu | National Unity Party |
| Ahmet Savaşan | National Unity Party |
| Hasan Taçoy | National Unity Party |
| Alişan Şan | National Unity Party |
| Sadık Gardiyanoğlu | National Unity Party |
| Zorlu Töre | National Unity Party |
| Tufan Erhürman | Republican Turkish Party |
| Sıla Usar İncirli | Republican Turkish Party |
| Doğuş Derya | Republican Turkish Party |
| Ürün Solyalı | Republican Turkish Party |
| Devrim Barçın | Republican Turkish Party |
| Filiz Besim | Republican Turkish Party |
| Kudret Özersay | People's Party |
| Hasan Tosunoğlu | Democratic Party |
| Talip Atalay | Rebirth Party |
|

## Gazimağusa

| Member of Parliament | Party |
| --- | --- |
| Dursun Oğuz | National Unity Party |
| Sunat Atun | National Unity Party |
| Oğuzhan Hasipoğlu | National Unity Party |
| Hakan Dinçyürek | National Unity Party |
| Resmiye Eroğlu Canaltay | National Unity Party |
| Hüseyin Çavuş | National Unity Party |
| Asım Akansoy | Republican Turkish Party |
| Teberrüken Uluçay | Republican Turkish Party |
| Erkut Şahali | Republican Turkish Party |
| Şifa Çolakoğlu | Republican Turkish Party |
| Fikri Ataoğlu | Democratic Party |
| Ayşegül Baybars | People's Party |
| Erhan Arıklı | Rebirth Party |
|

## Girne

| Member of Parliament | Party |
| --- | --- |
| Kutlu Evren | National Unity Party |
| İzlem Gürçağ Altuğra | National Unity Party |
| Ünal Üstel | National Unity Party |
| Özdemir Berova | National Unity Party |
| Hasan Küçük | National Unity Party |
| Ongun Talat | Republican Turkish Party |
| Fikri Toros | Republican Turkish Party |
| Fazilet Özdenefe | Republican Turkish Party |
| Ceyhun Birinci | Republican Turkish Party |
| Jale Refik Rogers | People's Party |
| Serhat Akpınar | Democratic Party |
|

## İskele

| Member of Parliament | Party |
| --- | --- |
| Nazım Çavuşoğlu | National Unity Party |
| Yasemi Öztürk | National Unity Party |
| Emrah Yeşilırmak | National Unity Party |
| Biray Hamzaoğluları | Republican Turkish Party |
| Fide Kürşat | Republican Turkish Party |
|

## Güzelyurt

| Member of Parliament | Party |
| --- | --- |
| Ali Pilli | National Unity Party |
| Ziya Öztürkler | National Unity Party |
| Armağan Candan | Republican Turkish Party |
|

## Lefke

| Member of Parliament | Party |
| --- | --- |
| Fırtına Karanfil | National Unity Party |
| Salahi Şahiner | Republican Turkish Party |
|


title: Antinea Airlines

abstract: Antinea Airlines was a passenger and cargo airline based in Algiers Houari Boumedienne Airport, Algeria that was founded in June 1999. The airline was merged into Khalifa Airways in 2001, and the company ceased to exist in 2003.

text:
# Antinea Airlines

**Antinea Airlines** was a passenger and cargo airline based in Algiers Houari Boumedienne Airport, Algeria that was founded in June 1999. The airline was merged into Khalifa Airways in 2001, and the company ceased to exist in 2003.

## InfoBox

Antinea Airlines
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| IATA ICAO Call sign  HO DJA ANTINEA | |
| Founded | 1999 |
| Ceased operations | 2003 |
| Hubs | Houari Boumedienne Airport |
| Headquarters | Algeria |


title: Arrowe Country Park

abstract: Arrowe Country Park is a country park in Arrowe Park, Wirral, England, adjacent to the Woodchurch housing estate. The estate upon which the park lies was founded and shaped by John Shaw, a former Mayor of Liverpool who made his wealth from the slave trade. When he died the estate passed to his great nephew John "Ralph" Shaw, who built Arrowe Hall, an Elizabethan-style mansion, and laid out the grounds and gardens. Ralph Shaw was a magistrate who dissuaded people from trespassing on his land with traps including spring-loaded shotguns. In 1926 the estate was bought by the Birkenhead Corporation who turned it over to public recreation. The park's facilities include nature walks, meadows, a lake, an eighteen hole golf course and it is a Site of Biological Interest.

text:
# Arrowe Country Park

**Arrowe Country Park** is a country park in Arrowe Park, Wirral, England, adjacent to the Woodchurch housing estate. The estate upon which the park lies was founded and shaped by John Shaw, a former Mayor of Liverpool who made his wealth from the slave trade. When he died the estate passed to his great nephew John "Ralph" Shaw, who built Arrowe Hall, an Elizabethan-style mansion, and laid out the grounds and gardens. Ralph Shaw was a magistrate who dissuaded people from trespassing on his land with traps including spring-loaded shotguns.

In 1926 the estate was bought by the Birkenhead Corporation who turned it over to public recreation. The park's facilities include nature walks, meadows, a lake, an eighteen hole golf course and it is a Site of Biological Interest.

## History

The estate upon which the country park now sits was founded by John Shaw, a merchant shipping owner, who made much of his wealth from the shipping of slaves between Africa and Jamaica. He was also the Mayor of Liverpool from 1794–95 and 1800–01, being noted for his charity to the poor and needy. John Shaw retired to the Wirral and purchased Arrowe House Farm, a now-demolished mansion, and continued to buy land in the Arrowe area. In 1829 he died, leaving the estate to this great nephew John "Ralph" Shaw. In 1840 John Wright purchased land owned by Warrington grammar school and sold it on to Ralph Shaw, who now owned 748 out of 752 acres of Arrowe township.

The mansion house upon the estate, Arrowe Hall, was built in 1835 by Ralph Shaw. During this time he landscaped the park; he also changed the course of Arrowe Brook and dammed it to create Arrowe Lake and a waterfall. Ralph Shaw, a magistrate, was very tough on trespassers and poachers in court. On his estate he installed mantraps and spring-loaded shotguns to dissuade poachers and trespassers from straying onto his land.

In the early 1900s Arrowe Estate was bought by Major McCalmont, but as he was in the army he rented it to John Williamson, the shipping magnate who created the Williamson Art Gallery and Museum. In 1917 the estate was sold to Lord Leverhulme. It was sold again in 1926, to the Birkenhead Corporation who converted it to public recreation. Between 29 July and 12 August 1929, the 3rd World Scout Jamboree was held at Arrowe Park. In the 1930s the golf course, tennis courts and bowling greens were built, brass bands played on the hall lawn and some of the hall was used as a cafe. At the beginning of World War II the Hall was an army headquarters. After returning from Dunkirk many French soldiers were stationed in huts on the park; the park was also used for tank training.

## Arrowe Hall

Arrowe Hall was built by John Ralph Shaw between 1835 and 1844 in an Elizabethan style, the hall was extended between 1864 and 1876 with a billiards room and a conservatory being built. The hall had servants quarters, a study, library, dining room, withdrawing room, kitchen, washhouse, laundry area, cellar, a school room and nurseries. The grounds had well-maintained lawns with shrubs, an orchard, a stable and a coach house for guests. Arrowe Hall was grade II listed with Historic England in 1974. The hall has passed through a number of owners and has been converted into a care home for adults with disabilities.

## Facilities

There is an 18-hole municipal golf course, a 9 hole pitch and putt golf course, footgolf, a children's play area, an outdoor gym, tennis courts, open parkland, ponds, deciduous forest, a crown green bowling area, a fishing lake, orienteering, woodland walks, dog walking, cycling, a cafe, toilets and picnic areas. Arrowe Brook flows along the western edge of the park, from south to north, alongside a path. The brook also incorporates Arrowe Park Lake. The park has an area of 250 acres (1.0 km2) and is open all year.

## Nature

Arrowe Country Park contains a Site of Biological Importance which covers Nicholson’s Plantation, Gorse Covert, the golf course, the hay meadow, Arrowe Brook, Arrowe lake and the trees near Arrowe Hall which are bat roosts. A variety of bird life can be found which include nuthatches, treecreepers and woodpeckers. The wildflower meadows attract butterflies such as small heath, skipper and the speckled wood. The ponds in the park are habitats for frogs, damsel flies and dragonflies.

## InfoBox

| Arrowe Country Park | |
| --- | --- |
| Arrowe Country Park | |
|  | |
| Type | Country park |
| Location | Arrowe Park |
| Coordinates | 53°22′03″N 3°06′03″W / 53.3674°N 3.1009°W / 53.3674; -3.1009 |
| Area | 250 acres (1.0 km2) |
| Created | 1926 |
| Operated by | Metropolitan Borough of Wirral |
| Open | All year |


abstract: The 1958 Little All-America college football team is composed of college football players from small colleges and universities who were selected by the Associated Press (AP) as the best players at each position. For 1958, the AP selected three teams of 11 players each, with no separate defensive platoons. The first-team backfield included: quarterback John Greene who led Chattanooga to an upset victory over Tennessee; Robert Webb of St. Ambrose who gained 1,592 yards; and Ed Meador of Arkansas Tech who averaged 150 yards per game. Guard Carlos Gonzales of Cal Poly was the only junior chosen for the first team and the heaviest player selected at 230 pounds.

text:
# 1958 Little All-America college football team

The **1958 Little All-America college football team** is composed of college football players from small colleges and universities who were selected by the Associated Press (AP) as the best players at each position. For 1958, the AP selected three teams of 11 players each, with no separate defensive platoons.

The first-team backfield included: quarterback John Greene who led Chattanooga to an upset victory over Tennessee; Robert Webb of St. Ambrose who gained 1,592 yards; and Ed Meador of Arkansas Tech who averaged 150 yards per game.

Guard Carlos Gonzales of Cal Poly was the only junior chosen for the first team and the heaviest player selected at 230 pounds.

## First team

| Position | Player | Team |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | John Greene | Chattanooga |
| | Sam McCord | East Texas |
| | Robert Webb | St. Ambrose |
| | Ed Meador | Arkansas Tech |
|  | Robert Yencho | Mississippi Southern |
| | Tom Taylor | Albion |
|  | Richard Emerich | West Chester |
| | Robert Baake | Wheaton (IL) |
|  | Carlos Gonzalez | Cal Poly |
| | Charles Davis | McMurry |
|  | William Long | Willamette |

## Second team

| Position | Player | Team |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | William Benson | Hampden–Sydney |
| | Charles Tolar | Northwestern Louisiana |
| | Wesley Gideon | Trinity (TX) |
| | George Dixon | Bridgeport |
|  | Jerry Richardson | Wofford |
| | Peter Kasson | Ripon |
|  | Larry Termolen | Hope |
| | Glenn Morgan | Flagstaff State |
|  | Larry Palvino | Rochester |
| | Claude Pellingsly | Northeastern Oklahoma |
|  | Michael Banyas | East Tennessee State |

## Third team

| Position | Player | Team |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | William Berrier | Juniata |
| | Junior Wolfe | Panhandle A&M |
| | Robert Swiggum | Gustavus Adolphus |
| | Fred Cason | Tampa |
|  | Nicholas Bottini | Buffalo |
| | Joe Driskill | Northeast Louisiana |
|  | Richard Cahill | Humboldt State |
| | Larry MaGuire | Central Washington |
|  | George Worley | St. Benedict's (KS) |
| | James Hardin | Western Kentucky |
|  | Joe Murphy | Lenoir–Rhyne |


title: 1938 Edmonton municipal election

text:
# 1938 Edmonton municipal election

The 1938 municipal election was held November 9, 1938 to elect a mayor and five aldermen to sit on Edmonton City Council and three trustees to sit on the public school board, while three trustees were acclaimed to the separate school board. Voters also rejected two proposals to borrow money from other levels of government for the construction of new housing.

There were ten aldermen on city council, but five of the positions were already filled: Edward Brown, Frederick Casselman, Douglas Grout (SS), George Campbell, and Dan Knott were all elected to two-year terms in 1937 and were still in office.

There were seven trustees on the public school board, but four of the positions were already filled: Albert Ottewell (SS), Walter Morrish, Sidney Bowcott, and Bruce Smith had been elected to two-year terms in 1937 and were still in office. The same was true on the separate school board, where Hugh Currie, Charles Gariepy, William Wilde (SS), and John Whelihan were continuing.

## Voter turnout

There were 23,599 ballots cast out of 53,848 eligible voters, for a voter turnout of 43.8%.

## Results

### Mayor

| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Citizens' Committee | ***John Wesley Fry*** | **12,491** | **53.34%** |
|  | Independent | Joseph Clarke | 5,922 | 25.29% |
|  | Canadian Labour Party/
Co-operative Commonwealth Federation | Charles Gould | 4,807 | 20.53% |
|  | | | | |
|  | Independent | Frederick Speed | 198 | 0.85% |

### Aldermen

| Party | | Candidate | Votes |  | Elected |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Citizens' Committee | *Hugh MacDonald* | 13,424 |  | Y |
|  | Citizens' Committee | Mack McColl | 10,695 |  | Y |
|  | Citizens' Committee | *James Ogilvie* | 11,893 |  | Y |
|  | Citizens' Committee | Sidney Parsons | 11,354 |  | Y |
|  | Citizens' Committee | *Blair Paterson* | 11,231 | SS | Y |
|  | Canadian Labour Party/
Co-operative Commonwealth Federation | Harry Ainlay | 9,876 | SS |
|  | | | | |
|  | Progressive | Margaret Crang | 8,664 | SS |
|  | Canadian Labour Party/
Co-operative Commonwealth Federation | James Findlay | 8,561 |
|  | | | |
|  | Canadian Labour Party/
Co-operative Commonwealth Federation | William Miller | 6,387 |
|  | | | |
|  | Progressive | Elisha East | 6,000 |
|  | Independent | Sidney Bowcott | 5,083 |
|  | Independent | M. M. Downey | 2,619 | SS |
|  | Independent | Raymond C. Ghostley | 2,065 |

The civic Progressive party, with candidates for alderman and public school trustee, represented a "united front" of the Communist Party, the Social Credit movement and other leftist reformers.

### Public school trustees

| Party | | Candidate | Votes |  | Elected |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Citizens' Committee | *Izena Ross* | 11,716 |  | Y |
|  | Citizens' Committee | *Armour Ford* | 11,189 |  | Y |
|  | Citizens' Committee | W. G. McConachie | 10,520 |  | Y |
|  | Progressive | Frank Crang | 8,171 | SS |
|  | Canadian Labour Party/
Co-operative Commonwealth Federation | W. H. Thornton | 6,264 |
|  | | | |
|  | Progressive | Mary Ann Gilchrist | 5,141 |
|  | Canadian Labour Party/
Co-operative Commonwealth Federation | A. Richardson | 3,559 |
|  | | | |

### Separate (Catholic) school trustees

***Adrien Crowe*** (SS), ***James O'Hara***, and ***J O Pilon*** were acclaimed.

### Plebiscites

#### Low Income Housing

Are you in favour of the city borrowing from the Dominion or Provincial governments, to construct low cost dwelling houses in Edmonton, for rental purposes only, a sum not exceeding $250,000, repayable in from 20 to 35 years, with interest not exceeding two per cent per annum?

* Yes - 2,687
* **No - 3,593**

#### Regular Housing

Are you in favour of the city borrowing from the Dominion or Provincial governments, for the purpose of loaning to individuals to construct dwelling houses in Edmonton, a sum not exceeding $250,000, repayable in from 20 to 35 years at a rate of interest not exceeding five percent per annum?

* Yes - 2,430
* **No - 3,578**


title: Election in absentia

abstract: In parliamentary procedure, election in absentia is an election of a presiding officer of a committee or assembly, when the person is not present. More broadly, in the context of an election it may refer to a candidate who is not present in the jurisdiction for which the election is taking place, which may or may not be permitted by the relevant election law. Julius Caesar famously requested to be allowed to stand for election to the consulship in 59 BC in absentia, contrary to a rule established four years prior requiring candidates for the consulship to be present in Rome: being a magistrate with imperium he could not cross the pomerium, but were he to give up his imperium he would not receive a triumph. In the end the Senate would not grant him permission to stand in absentia, and he chose to forgo the triumph. During the 2017–18 Spanish constitutional crisis, the regional Parliament of Catalonia voted a law aimed at allowing Carles Puigdemont to stand for election while the former leader was then in self-imposed exile. The Constitutional Court of Spain blocked the move.

text:
# Election in absentia

In parliamentary procedure, **election *in absentia*** is an election of a presiding officer of a committee or assembly, when the person is not present. More broadly, in the context of an election it may refer to a candidate who is not present in the jurisdiction for which the election is taking place, which may or may not be permitted by the relevant election law.

Julius Caesar famously requested to be allowed to stand for election to the consulship in 59 BC *in absentia*, contrary to a rule established four years prior requiring candidates for the consulship to be present in Rome: being a magistrate with imperium he could not cross the pomerium, but were he to give up his imperium he would not receive a triumph. In the end the Senate would not grant him permission to stand *in absentia*, and he chose to forgo the triumph.

During the 2017–18 Spanish constitutional crisis, the regional Parliament of Catalonia voted a law aimed at allowing Carles Puigdemont to stand for election while the former leader was then in self-imposed exile. The Constitutional Court of Spain blocked the move.


title: English ship Sussex (1652)

abstract: The Sussex was a fourth-rate frigate, built for the navy of the Commonwealth of England at one of the national Dockyards, and launched in late 1652. Her place of building is uncertain, with certain sources recording this as Portsmouth, others as Deptford and still others as Woolwich. A standard practice at this time was to build the hull in one location and masts and superstucture could be at a separate dock, and the fitting of equipment at a third location. She was commissioned under Captain Roger Cuttance, and fitted out on the Thames. By 1653, her armament is recorded as consisting of 46 guns. The Sussex took part in the Battle of Portland in February 1653, and in the Battle of the Gabbard in June 1653, but was accidentally blown up at Portsmouth on 9 December 1653.

text:
# English ship Sussex (1652)

The ***Sussex*** was a fourth-rate frigate, built for the navy of the Commonwealth of England at one of the national Dockyards, and launched in late 1652. Her place of building is uncertain, with certain sources recording this as Portsmouth (by John Tippetts), others as Deptford and still others as Woolwich (by Christopher Pett). A standard practice at this time was to build the hull in one location and masts and superstucture could be at a separate dock, and the fitting of equipment (cannon etc) at a third location.

She was commissioned under Captain Roger Cuttance, and fitted out on the Thames. By 1653, her armament is recorded as consisting of 46 guns.

The *Sussex* took part in the Battle of Portland in February 1653, and in the Battle of the Gabbard in June 1653, but was accidentally blown up at Portsmouth on 9 December 1653.

## Citations

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| England | |
| Name | *Sussex* |
| Ordered | 27 February 1652 |
| Launched | November 1652 |
| Fate | Accidentally blown up, 9 December 1653 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Fourth-rate frigate |
| Tons burthen | c.600 |
| Length | 110 ft (34 m) (keel, estimated) |
| Beam | 32 ft (9.8 m) (estimated) |
| Sail plan | Full-rigged ship |
| Complement | 180 (1653) |
| Armament | 46 guns (1653) |


title: Ferrichrome A

abstract: Ferrichrome A is a siderophore in the ferrichrome family. Iron is an essential element for the survival and proliferation of organisms. Microorganisms produce and secrete potent iron chelators, also known as siderophores, to aid in the sequestration and increase bioavailability of iron. Since the discovery of ferrichrome in 1952, the ferrichrome family of siderophores contains at least 20 structurally distinct members of cyclic hexapeptides that chelate ferric iron via an octahedral coordination geometry through the oxygen atoms of the hydroxyl and the acyl groups of the three ornithine residues. Ferrichrome A was found as one of the two siderophores produced by the biotrophic basidiomycete Ustilago maydis during its saprotrophic growth phase. U. maydis is the causative agent of corn smut.

text:
# Ferrichrome A

**Ferrichrome A** is a siderophore in the ferrichrome family. Iron is an essential element for the survival and proliferation of organisms. Microorganisms produce and secrete potent iron chelators, also known as siderophores, to aid in the sequestration and increase bioavailability of iron. Since the discovery of ferrichrome in 1952, the ferrichrome family of siderophores contains at least 20 structurally distinct members of cyclic hexapeptides that chelate ferric iron via an octahedral coordination geometry through the oxygen atoms of the hydroxyl and the acyl groups of the three ornithine residues. Ferrichrome A was found as one of the two siderophores produced by the biotrophic basidiomycete *Ustilago maydis* during its saprotrophic growth phase. *U. maydis* is the causative agent of corn smut.

## Biosynthesis

In *U. maydis*, the ferrichrome A biosynthetic pathway begins with the HMG-CoA synthase (Hcs1) of acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA for generation of hydroxymethyl glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA). The next step involves the conversion of HMG-CoA to methyl glutaconyl-CoA via enoyl-CoA hydratase (Fer4). Methyl glutaconyl-CoA is then coupled with hydroxy ornithine (derived from the ornithine monoxygenase, Sid1, of the precursor ornithine) via hydroxyornithine acylase (Fer5) to yield methylglutaconyl hydroxy ornithine. Cyclization of three methylglutaconyl hydroxy ornithine with a glycine and two serine amino acids via NRPS Fer3 yields ferrichrome A.

## InfoBox

Ferrichrome A
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| IUPAC name (*E*)-5-\[3-\[(2*S*,5*S*,8*S*,11*S*,14*S*)-5,8-Bis\[3-\[\[(*E*)-4-carboxy-3-methylbut-2-enoyl\]-hydroxyamino\]propyl\]-11,14-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexazacyclooctadec-2-yl\]propyl-hydroxyamino\]-3-methyl-5-oxopent-3-enoic acid | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| EC Number | * 239-301-9 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C41H61N9O20/c1-22(16-34(57)58)13-31(54)48(68)10-4-7-25-38(64)44-26(8-5-11-49(69)32(55)14-23(2)17-35(59)60)39(65)45-27(9-6-12-50(70)33(56)15-24(3)18-36(61)62)40(66)47-29(21-52)41(67)46-28(20-51)37(63)42-19-30(53)43-25/h13-15,25-29,51-52,68-70H,4-12,16-21H2,1-3H3,(H,42,63)(H,43,53)(H,44,64)(H,45,65)(H,46,67)(H,47,66)(H,57,58)(H,59,60)(H,61,62)/b22-13+,23-14+,24-15+/t25-,26-,27-,28-,29-/m0/s1Key: DKSPATNIHZSGOP-NJIQAGLESA-N | |
| SMILES * C/C(=C\C(=O)N(CCC\[C@H\]1C(=O)N\[C@H\](C(=O)N\[C@H\](C(=O)N\[C@H\](C(=O)N\[C@H\](C(=O)NCC(=O)N1)CO)CO)CCCN(C(=O)/C=C(\C)/CC(=O)O)O)CCCN(C(=O)/C=C(\C)/CC(=O)O)O)O)/CC(=O)O | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C41H61N9O20 |
| Molar mass | 999.982 g·mol−1 |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: 1978 New York City newspaper strike

abstract: The 1978 New York City newspaper strike ran from August 10 to November 5, 1978, a total of 88 days. It affected the New York City newspaper industry, shutting down all three of the city's major newspapers: The New York Times, New York Daily News, and the New York Post. The multi-union strike was led by pressmen and halted production of the three papers, with no editions being published since August 9, 1978. Other unions who walked out included those for machinists, paperhandlers, truck mechanics, and drivers. The strike occurred due to the three newspapers each issuing new work rulings which significantly decreased requirements concerning the level of staffing. Unlike many strikes, wage levels were not a major issue. More than 10,000 employees were either striking or out of work in support of one of the striking unions. During negotiations, Theodore W. Kheel served as an unofficial mediator between the two sides and played an important role the progress of the talks. On October 5, the Post resumed publication when Rupert Murdoch, its owner and publisher, signed an agreement with the pressmen; however, the Daily News and the Times were still not being published. Murdoch's agreement essentially said that the Post would abide by whatever terms would be eventually worked out between the unions and the other two papers. The Post had been shut down for 56 days. During the outage, several strike papers popped into existence, being sold on newsstands and with bylines from the three regular papers; these included The City News, The New York Daily Press, and The New York Daily Metro. One existing paper that momentarily benefited during this time was Unification Church-owned The News World, which had been launched in 1976 and reached its highest-ever circulation of 400,000 during the strike; some well-known reporters for the three closed papers wrote for it as well. Two months into the strike, a parody of The New York Times called Not The New York Times was distributed in the city, with contributors such as Carl Bernstein, Christopher Cerf, Tony Hendra, and George Plimpton. Contrary to initial expectations, New York businesses such as restaurants, theaters, hotels, and retail stores did not suffer during the strike, finding alternate ways to advertise their presence and offerings. What is sometimes claimed as an unanticipated consequence of the strike was the turnaround in the 1978 New York Yankees season. The team, who had been trailing the Boston Red Sox of that year by 14 games, turned things around in a late-season push and eventually won a dramatic tie-breaker game against the Red Sox and then the 1978 World Series. The Yankees organization at that time included several volatile personalities, including owner George Steinbrenner, oft-hired and fired manager Billy Martin, and slugger Reggie Jackson, and the battles among them had been receiving considerable media attention, particularly headlines in the News and the Post. Once the papers went on strike, it is said, the press distractions diminished and the team could focus on playing well. At the time, a Yankees representative noted that "We've heard that theory, but we started our winning streak when the papers were still publishing." The belief that the strike enabled the team's turnaround was still being given credit decades later; in 2018 longtime sportswriter and Red Sox historian Gordon Edes wondered if the newspaper strike had been a bigger villain than "Bucky Bleepin' Dent" for Red Sox fans. The Times resumed publication along with the Daily News on November 6, 1978, after 88 days of non-production. The newspapers reached an agreement with the unions representing the pressmen. The agreement preserved 1,500 existing jobs of the pressmen, but allowed management to reduce staffing through attrition and elimination of some overtime. Upon finally reaching agreement, both acknowledged that compromises had been made and said there had been "no victors" in the outcome. In particular, it was not a clear victory for management as had happened with the end of the 1975–1976 Washington Post pressmen's strike, a result the unions were striving to avoid in this case. In the short term, the strike cost the newspapers an estimated $150 million in lost advertising and circulation revenue, while workers lost around $60 million in wages not earned. In the longer term, the strike coincided with the advent of technological changes that initially took away the pressmen's jobs via newsroom automation and later undermined the economic model of the newspaper industry altogether.

text:
# 1978 New York City newspaper strike

The **1978 New York City newspaper strike** ran from August 10 to November 5, 1978, a total of 88 days. It affected the New York City newspaper industry, shutting down all three of the city's major newspapers: *The New York Times*, *New York Daily News,* and the *New York Post*.

The multi-union strike was led by pressmen and halted production of the three papers, with no editions being published since August 9, 1978. Other unions who walked out included those for machinists, paperhandlers, truck mechanics, and drivers. The strike occurred due to the three newspapers each issuing new work rulings which significantly decreased requirements concerning the level of staffing. Unlike many strikes, wage levels were not a major issue. More than 10,000 employees were either striking or out of work in support of one of the striking unions.

During negotiations, Theodore W. Kheel served as an unofficial mediator between the two sides and played an important role the progress of the talks. On October 5, the *Post* resumed publication when Rupert Murdoch, its owner and publisher, signed an agreement with the pressmen; however, the *Daily News* and the *Times* were still not being published. Murdoch's agreement essentially said that the *Post* would abide by whatever terms would be eventually worked out between the unions and the other two papers. The *Post* had been shut down for 56 days.

During the outage, several strike papers popped into existence, being sold on newsstands and with bylines from the three regular papers; these included *The City News*, *The New York Daily Press*, and *The New York Daily Metro*. One existing paper that momentarily benefited during this time was Unification Church-owned *The News World*, which had been launched in 1976 and reached its highest-ever circulation of 400,000 during the strike; some well-known reporters for the three closed papers wrote for it as well. Two months into the strike, a parody of *The New York Times* called *Not The New York Times* was distributed in the city, with contributors such as Carl Bernstein, Christopher Cerf, Tony Hendra, and George Plimpton.

Contrary to initial expectations, New York businesses such as restaurants, theaters, hotels, and retail stores did not suffer during the strike, finding alternate ways to advertise their presence and offerings. What is sometimes claimed as an unanticipated consequence of the strike was the turnaround in the 1978 New York Yankees season. The team, who had been trailing the Boston Red Sox of that year by 14 games, turned things around in a late-season push and eventually won a dramatic tie-breaker game against the Red Sox and then the 1978 World Series. The Yankees organization at that time included several volatile personalities, including owner George Steinbrenner, oft-hired and fired manager Billy Martin, and slugger Reggie Jackson, and the battles among them had been receiving considerable media attention, particularly headlines in the *News* and the *Post*. Once the papers went on strike, it is said, the press distractions diminished and the team could focus on playing well. At the time, a Yankees representative noted that "We've heard that theory, but we started our winning streak when the papers were still publishing." The belief that the strike enabled the team's turnaround was still being given credit decades later; in 2018 longtime sportswriter and Red Sox historian Gordon Edes wondered if the newspaper strike had been a bigger villain than "Bucky Bleepin' Dent" for Red Sox fans.

The *Times* resumed publication along with the *Daily News* on November 6, 1978, after 88 days of non-production. The newspapers reached an agreement with the unions representing the pressmen. The agreement preserved 1,500 existing jobs of the pressmen, but allowed management to reduce staffing through attrition and elimination of some overtime. Upon finally reaching agreement, both acknowledged that compromises had been made and said there had been "no victors" in the outcome. In particular, it was not a clear victory for management as had happened with the end of the 1975–1976 Washington Post pressmen's strike, a result the unions were striving to avoid in this case.

In the short term, the strike cost the newspapers an estimated $150 million in lost advertising and circulation revenue, while workers lost around $60 million in wages not earned (although union strike benefits and state unemployment insurance covered much of that for individual employees). In the longer term, the strike coincided with the advent of technological changes that initially took away the pressmen's jobs via newsroom automation and later undermined the economic model of the newspaper industry altogether.


title: 1. FC Düren

abstract: 1. Fußball-Club Düren e.V., commonly known as 1. FC Düren, is a German association football club based in the town of Düren, North Rhine-Westphalia.

text:
# 1. FC Düren

**1. Fußball-Club Düren e.V.**, commonly known as **1. FC Düren**, is a German association football club based in the town of Düren, North Rhine-Westphalia.

## History

### FC Düren-Niederau

FC Düren-Niederau was founded in the year 1908 as *FC 08 Niederau-Krauthausen* and later adopted the name *FC Düren-Niederau.* The team's greatest success was being promoted into the Verbandsliga Mittelrhein in 1981, in which they would later go on to reach fourth place in the 1984/85 season — the best performance in the club's history. In 1991 the club were relegated from the league. In 2008 they were re-promoted into the league, but were shortly relegated at the end of the next season. In 2012 they then were relegated further from the Verbandsliga to the Bezirksliga, but promptly re-entered the Verbandsliga the following season. Their junior teams also showed great success, with the *C-Juniors* winning the Mittelrheinpokal in 2005 and 2012, and the *D-Juniors* in 2000 and 2004. Johanna Elsig became the 2009 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship champion.

### SG GFC Düren 99

The parent club of 1. FC Düren, SG GFC Düren 99, was a product of multiple fusions between other clubs and a team associated with two Germany national football team players: Karl-Heinz Schnellinger and Georg Stollenwerk. Their roots stem back to 1899, where the team was founded as Germania Düren. On August 8, 1935, this team merged with Düren SC 03 to form SG Düren 99. SG Düren 99 went on to play in the top division Gauliga Mittelrhein league during the 1930s, and then later in the second division 2. Oberliga West following the end of World War II. During the 1980s and 90s the club found themselves in a downward spiral and dropped to Kreisliga B. On 29 June 2001, the team merged with Schwarz-Weiß Düren to form *SG Schwarz-Weiß Düren 99.* Six years later, however, Schwarz-Weiß Düren was re-founded as a separate team. On 1 April 2011, SG Düren 99 merged with GFC Düren 09, who had played in the fourth division Oberliga Nordrhein from 2002 to 2007, to form SG GFC Düren 99.

### Founding of 1. FC Düren

1. FC Düren was founded on 30 November 2017, and took over the football section of FC Düren-Niederau, which finished the 2017–18 season in the sixth-division Landesliga Mittelrhein under their old name. On 25 April 2018, the Middle Rhine Football Association approved the merger of the youth and senior football departments of SG GFC Düren 99, also playing in the Landesliga Mittelrhein, with 1. FC Düren, which took effect on 15 June 2018. FC Düren-Niederau finished the 2017–18 season in third place, while SG GFC Düren 99 won the Landesliga Mittelrhein and earned promotion, resulting in 1. FC Düren playing their inaugural 2018–19 season in the fifth-division Mittelrheinliga.

During the 2018–19 season, 1. FC Düren reached the semi-finals of the Middle Rhine Cup before losing to Alemannia Aachen, and finished eighth in the Mittelrheinliga. In the following season under new manager Giuseppe Brunetto, Düren finished in second place in the league behind FC Wegberg-Beeck after the season was curtailed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the club won the Middle Rhine Cup against Alemannia Aachen, securing their qualification for the 2020–21 DFB-Pokal, in which they were beaten by Bayern Munich.

## Stadium

The club plays its home matches at the Westkampfbahn in Düren, which has a capacity of 6,000. The stadium was opened on 9 August 1914, and was last renovated in 2014. Prior to foundation of 1. FC Düren, the clubs Germania Düren, SG Düren 99 and SG GFC Düren 99 also played at the stadium.

## Recent seasons

The recent season-by-season performance of the club:

| Season | League | Position | W | D | L | GF | GA | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018–19 | Mittelrheinliga (V) | 8th | 8 | 11 | 9 | 48 | 42 | 35 |
| 2019–20 | Mittelrheinliga (V) | 2nd | 12 | 3 | 2 | 41 | 16 | 39 |

## Players

*As of 15 September 2024*

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  1 GK  GER Jannick Theißen  2 DF  SRB Julijan Popović  4 DF  GER Viktor Miftaraj  5 DF  CRO Petar Lela  6 MF  GER Meric-Nuh Gültekin  7 MF  GER Vincent Geimer  8 MF  GER Emil Zeil  9 FW  ALB Elsamed Ramaj  10 MF  GER Dennis Brock  11 FW  GER Yannik Schlößer  15 GK  GER Jan Strauch  16 DF  AUT Matthias Wetschka  17 FW  GER Ephraim Kalonji | No. Pos. Nation Player  18 MF  GER Timo Kondziella  19 FW  GER Ibish Ibishi  20 MF  ESP Rafael Garcia  21 FW  TUR Firat Alpsoy  23 FW  GER Jakob Sachse  25 MF  POL Adam Matuszczyk  27 DF  GER Mordecai Zuhs  28 MF  GER Tristan Armani  29 MF  GER Vleron Statovci  30 DF  GER Marcel Damaschek  33 GK  GER Max Schreiber  FW  ENG Jayden Bennetts |
| --- | --- |

## Honours

The club's honours:

## InfoBox

1. FC Düren
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | 1. Fußball-Club Düren e.V. |
| Founded | 8 September 1908 (1908-09-08) |
| Ground | Westkampfbahn |
| Capacity | 6,000 |
| Chairman | Wolfgang Spelthahn |
| Manager | Giuseppe Brunetto |
| League | Regionalliga West (IV) |
| 2023–24 | 9th |
| Website | Club website |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |