title: 1997 New Jersey Senate election

text:
# 1997 New Jersey Senate election

The 1993 New Jersey State Senate elections were held on November 4.

The election took place alongside Christine Todd Whitman's re-election as Governor over Senator Jim McGreevey. Republicans defended the large majority they gained in the 1991 landslide elections.

Four seats changed hands with no impact on the overall balance of power. Republicans Anthony R. Bucco and Diane Allen unseated incumbent Gordon MacInnes and gained the seat of retiring Senator Jack Casey, respectively. Democrats Shirley Turner and Garry Furnari unseated incumbent Republicans Dick LaRossa and John P. Scott, respectively. One Senator, Republican Joseph Bubba, lost a primary. His challenger, Norman M. Robertson, held the seat for the Republicans. This remains the last time that Republicans won a Senate majority.

## Incumbents not running for re-election

### Democratic

### Republican

## Summary of results by State Senate district

| District | Incumbent | Party | | Elected Senator | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1st Legislative District | James Cafiero |  | Rep | James Cafiero |  | Rep |
| 2nd Legislative District | William Gormley |  | Rep | William Gormley |  | Rep |
| 3rd Legislative District | Raymond Zane |  | Dem | Raymond Zane |  | Dem |
| 4th Legislative District | John Matheussen |  | Rep | John Matheussen |  | Rep |
| 5th Legislative District | Wayne R. Bryant |  | Dem | Wayne R. Bryant |  | Dem |
| 6th Legislative District | John Adler |  | Dem | John Adler |  | Dem |
| 7th Legislative District | Jack Casey |  | Dem | Diane Allen |  | Rep |
| 8th Legislative District | Martha W. Bark |  | Rep | Martha W. Bark |  | Rep |
| 9th Legislative District | Leonard T. Connors |  | Rep | Leonard T. Connors |  | Rep |
| 10th Legislative District | Andrew R. Ciesla |  | Rep | Andrew R. Ciesla |  | Rep |
| 11th Legislative District | Joseph A. Palaia |  | Rep | Joseph A. Palaia |  | Rep |
| 12th Legislative District | John O. Bennett |  | Rep | John O. Bennett |  | Rep |
| 13th Legislative District | Joe Kyrillos |  | Rep | Joe Kyrillos |  | Rep |
| 14th Legislative District | Peter Inverso |  | Rep | Peter Inverso |  | Rep |
| 15th Legislative District | Dick LaRossa |  | Rep | Shirley Turner |  | Dem |
| 16th Legislative District | John H. Ewing |  | Rep | Walter J. Kavanaugh |  | Rep |
| 17th Legislative District | John A. Lynch Jr. |  | Dem | John A. Lynch Jr. |  | Dem |
| 18th Legislative District | Jack Sinagra |  | Rep | Jack Sinagra |  | Rep |
| 19th Legislative District | Jim McGreevey |  | Dem | Joe Vitale |  | Dem |
| 20th Legislative District | Raymond Lesniak |  | Dem | Raymond Lesniak |  | Dem |
| 21st Legislative District | C. Louis Bassano |  | Rep | C. Louis Bassano |  | Rep |
| 22nd Legislative District | Donald DiFrancesco |  | Rep | Donald DiFrancesco |  | Rep |
| 23rd Legislative District | William E. Schluter |  | Rep | William E. Schluter |  | Rep |
| 24th Legislative District | Robert Littell |  | Rep | Robert Littell |  | Rep |
| 25th Legislative District | Gordon MacInnes |  | Dem | Anthony Bucco |  | Rep |
| 26th Legislative District | Robert Martin |  | Rep | Robert Martin |  | Rep |
| 27th Legislative District | Richard Codey |  | Dem | Richard Codey |  | Dem |
| 28th Legislative District | Ronald Rice |  | Dem | Ronald Rice |  | Dem |
| 29th Legislative District | Wynona Lipman |  | Dem | Wynona Lipman |  | Dem |
| 30th Legislative District | Robert W. Singer |  | Rep | Robert W. Singer |  | Rep |
| 31st Legislative District | Edward T. O'Connor Jr. |  | Dem | Edward T. O'Connor Jr. |  | Dem |
| 32nd Legislative District | Nicholas Sacco |  | Dem | Nicholas Sacco |  | Dem |
| 33rd Legislative District | Bernard Kenny |  | Dem | Bernard Kenny |  | Dem |
| 34th Legislative District | Joseph Bubba |  | Rep | Norman M. Robertson |  | Rep |
| 35th Legislative District | John Girgenti |  | Dem | John Girgenti |  | Dem |
| 36th Legislative District | John P. Scott |  | Rep | Garry Furnari |  | Dem |
| 37th Legislative District | Byron Baer |  | Dem | Byron Baer |  | Dem |
| 38th Legislative District | Louis F. Kosco |  | Rep | Louis F. Kosco |  | Rep |
| 39th Legislative District | Gerald Cardinale |  | Rep | Gerald Cardinale |  | Rep |
| 40th Legislative District | Henry McNamara |  | Rep | Henry McNamara |  | Rep |

### Close races

Seats where the margin of victory was under 10%:

1. **Legislative District 4, 4.6%**
2. **Legislative District 6, 8.0%**
3. **Legislative District 7, 9.3%**
4. **Legislative District 8, 9.8%**
5. **Legislative District 15, 7.8% gain**
6. **Legislative District 36, 6.2% gain**

## District 1

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **James Cafiero (incumbent)** | **35,573** | **60.8%** | **1.2** |
|  | Democratic | John Rauh | 21,340 | 36.5% |  |
|  | Conservative | Geraldine Caiafa | 1,579 | 2.7% | N/A |
| Total votes | | | **58,492** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 2

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **William Gormley (incumbent)** | **34,814** | **65.2%** | **3.6** |
|  | Democratic | John R. Piatt | 18,569 | 34.8% | 3.6 |
| Total votes | | | **53,383** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 3

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Raymond Zane (incumbent)** | **46,551** | **84.5%** | **16.9** |
|  | Conservative | Mary A. Whittam | 8,121 | 14.7% | N/A |
|  | Republican | N/A | 415 | 0.8% | 31.6 |
| Total votes | | | **55,087** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 4

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **John J. Matheussen (incumbent)** | **29,429** | **50.7%** | **3.6** |
|  | Democratic | Sean F. Dalton | 26,780 | 46.1% | 0.4 |
|  | Conservative | Jim Barber | 1,872 | 3.2% | N/A |
| Total votes | | | **58,081** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 5

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Wayne R. Bryant (incumbent)** | **29,809** | **71.9** | **3.1** |
|  | Republican | Mel Suplee | 11,624 | 28.1 | 3.1 |
| Total votes | | | **41,433** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 6

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **John Adler (incumbent)** | **34,073** | **53.0%** | **6.8** |
|  | Republican | John A. Rocco | 28,938 | 45.0% | 4.8 |
|  | Conservative | Kenneth L. Mayo | 1,257 | 2.0% | N/A |
| Total votes | | | **64,268** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 7

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Diane Allen** | **30,875** | **53.7** | **5.5** |
|  | Democratic | Robert P. Broderick | 25,501 | 44.4 | 6.0 |
|  | Conservative | Norman E. Wahner | 1,121 | 1.9 | N/A |
| Total votes | | | **57,497** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 8

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Martha W. Bark (incumbent)** | **34,597** | **54.9** | **6.1** |
|  | Democratic | Marie Hall | 28,401 | 45.1 | 6.1 |
| Total votes | | | **62,998** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 9

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Leonard T. Connors (incumbent)** | **45,880** | **60.0** | **5.2** |
|  | Democratic | Bill Zimmermann, Jr. | 28,508 | 37.3 | 2.5 |
|  | Conservative | Leonard P. Marshall | 2,139 | 2.8 | N/A |
| Total votes | | | **76,527** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 10

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Andrew R. Ciesla (incumbent)** | **41,409** | **60.6** | **1.1** |
|  | Democratic | Judith G. Leone | 24,217 | 35.5 | 0.3 |
|  | Libertarian | Steve Nagle | 1,381 | 2.0 | N/A |
|  | Conservative | Agnes A. James | 1,015 | 1.5 | 1.0 |
|  | Green | Edith Gbur | 278 | 0.4 | N/A |
| Total votes | | | **68,300** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 11

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Joseph A. Palaia (incumbent)** | **39,579** | **66.2** | **0.6** |
|  | Democratic | Eugene M. LaVergne | 18,981 | 31.7 | 0.8 |
|  | Conservative | Christian P. Olsen | 1,228 | 2.1 | 0.0 |
| Total votes | | | **59,788** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 12

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **John O. Bennett (incumbent)** | **41,171** | **62.8** | **2.2** |
|  | Democratic | George E. Ball | 20,289 | 30.9 | 0.4 |
|  | Conservative | John P. Desmond | 2,780 | 4.2 | 1.8 |
|  | Natural Law | Mary Jo Christian | 1,354 | 2.1 | N/A |
| Total votes | | | **65,594** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 13

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Joe Kyrillos (incumbent)** | **36,047** | **63.2** | **0.8** |
|  | Democratic | Mike Caffrey | 19,733 | 34.6 | 1.4 |
|  | Conservative | Jerome Bowe | 1,299 | 2.3 | N/A |
| Total votes | | | **57,079** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 14

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Peter Inverso (incumbent)** | **38,195** | **55.3** | **4.5** |
|  | Democratic | Gilbert W. Lugossy | 28,866 | 41.8 | 1.6 |
|  | Conservative | Joseph Fabrizi | 1,997 | 2.9 | N/A |
| Total votes | | | **69,058** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 15

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Shirley Turner** | **29,995** | **53.9** | **6.2** |
|  | Republican | Dick LaRossa (incumbent) | 25,630 | 46.1 | 6.2 |
| Total votes | | | **55,625** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 16

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Walter J. Kavanaugh** | **44,171** | **63.8** | **2.2** |
|  | Democratic | Mitchell E. Ignatoff | 22,545 | 32.6 | 5.8 |
|  | Conservative | Richard C. Martin | 2,541 | 3.7 | N/A |
| Total votes | | | **69,257** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 17

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **John A. Lynch Jr. (incumbent)** | **27,748** | **68.0** | **11.3** |
|  | Republican | Timothy J. O’Brien | 13,061 | 32.0 | 2.2 |
| Total votes | | | **40,809** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 18

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Jack Sinagra (incumbent)** | **35,400** | **58.5** | **0.3** |
|  | Democratic | Thomas H. Paterniti | 25,110 | 41.5 | 1.7 |
| Total votes | | | **60,510** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 19

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Joe Vitale** | **32,454** | **60.2** | **12.6** |
|  | Republican | Stephen A. Mikulak | 21,445 | 39.8 | 5.3 |
| Total votes | | | **53,899** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 20

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Raymond Lesniak (incumbent)** | **26,699** | **69.1** | **9.2** |
|  | Republican | Gene Andre | 11,928 | 30.9 | 9.2 |
| Total votes | | | **38,627** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 21

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **C. Louis Bassano (incumbent)** | **43,997** | **100.00%** | **35.7** |
| Total votes | | | **43,997** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 22

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Donald DiFrancesco (incumbent)** | **46,249** | **67.0** | **2.2** |
|  | Democratic | Margaret Ault | 20,962 | 30.4 | 0.4 |
|  | Conservative | Frank J. Festa, Jr. | 1,778 | 2.6 | N/A |
| Total votes | | | **68,989** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 23

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **William E. Schluter (incumbent)** | **42,221** | **61.3** | **30.4** |
|  | Democratic | Austin “Ken” Kutscher, M.D. | 23,094 | 33.5 | N/A |
|  | Conservative | Michael P. Kelly | 2,770 | 4.0 | N/A |
|  | Independent | Daniel Z. Seyler | 762 | 1.1 | N/A |
| Total votes | | | **68,847** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 24

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Robert Littell (incumbent)** | **44,342** | **73.0** | **10.3** |
|  | Democratic | John G. Wingler | 13,551 | 22.3 | N/A |
|  | Conservative | Ron Pondiscio | 2,868 | 4.7 | N/A |
| Total votes | | | **60,761** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 25

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Anthony R. Bucco** | **37,048** | **54.8** | **5.1** |
|  | Democratic | Gordon MacInnes (incumbent) | 29,515 | 43.7 | 6.6 |
|  | Conservative | Joseph Long | 1,033 | 1.5 | N/A |
| Total votes | | | **67,596** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 26

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Robert Martin (incumbent)** | **43,994** | **92.6** | **23.2** |
|  | Conservative | Virginia P. Bauer | 3,505 | 7.4 | N/A |
| Total votes | | | **47,499** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 27

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Richard Codey (incumbent)** | **35,770** | **79.5** | **4.4** |
|  | Republican | Richard R. Klattenberg | 9,250 | 20.5 | 4.4 |
| Total votes | | | **45,020** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 28

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Ronald Rice (incumbent)** | **31,069** | **100.00%** | **0.0** |
| Total votes | | | **31,069** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 29

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Wynona Lipman (incumbent)** | **27,480** | **86.7** | **13.3** |
|  | Republican | Elaine L. Guarino | 4,226 | 13.3 | N/A |
| Total votes | | | **31,706** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 30

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Robert Singer (incumbent)** | **27,837** | **53.7** | **12.0** |
|  | Democratic | Kenneth A. Kurtz | 20,815 | 40.2 | 5.9 |
|  | Libertarian | Bob Mondgock | 1,932 | 3.7 | N/A |
|  | Conservative | Fred Rasiewicz | 1,208 | 2.3 | N/A |
| Total votes | | | **51,792** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 31

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Edward T. O'Connor Jr. (incumbent)** | **30,993** | **77.6** | **9.2** |
|  | Republican | Richard Freda | 8,935 | 22.4 | 9.2 |
| Total votes | | | **39,928** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 32

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Nicholas Sacco (incumbent)** | **29,386** | **66.7** | **7.4** |
|  | Republican | John Pluchino | 12,541 | 28.5 | 8.2 |
|  | Politicians Are Crooks | Herbert H. Shaw | 1,569 | 3.6 | 0.8 |
|  | Conservative | Pat Armstrong | 532 | 1.2 | 0.0 |
| Total votes | | | **44,028** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 33

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Bernard Kenny (incumbent)** | **27,914** | **72.6%** | **9.3** |
|  | Republican | Gerald Spike | 10,517 | 27.4% | 8.2 |
| Total votes | | | **38,431** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 34

### Republican primary

1997 Republican primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Norman M. Robertson** | **6,203** | **66.0%** |
|  | Republican | Joseph Bubba (incumbent) | 3,202 | 34.0% |
| Total votes | | | **56,451** | **100.00%** |

### General election

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Norman M. Robertson** | **30,450** | **53.9%** | **1.6** |
|  | Democratic | Joan Waks | 26,001 | 46.1% | 1.6 |
| Total votes | | | **56,451** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 35

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **John Girgenti (incumbent)** | **24,552** | **69.8** | **3.3** |
|  | Republican | Brian A. Duncan | 10,644 | 30.2 | 1.9 |
| Total votes | | | **35,196** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 36

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Garry Furnari** | **25,844** | **53.1%** | **6.0** |
|  | Republican | John P. Scott (incumbent) | 22,806 | 46.9% | 6.0 |
| Total votes | | | **48,650** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 37

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Byron Baer (incumbent)** | **30,844** | **59.0** | **1.5** |
|  | Republican | Steve Lonegan | 20,543 | 39.3 | 1.7 |
|  | Natural Law | Helen Hamilton | 855 | 1.6 | N/A |
| Total votes | | | **52,242** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 38

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Louis F. Kosco (incumbent)** | **30,538** | **55.2%** | **8.1** |
|  | Democratic | Valerie Huttle | 23,350 | 42.2% | 5.5 |
|  | Conservative | Denise A. Richardson | 1,390 | 2.5% | N/A |
| Total votes | | | **55,278** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 39

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Gerald Cardinale (incumbent)** | **46,424** | **66.3** | **3.8** |
|  | Democratic | Ilan Plawker | 22,466 | 32.1 | 5.4 |
|  | Conservative | Michael W. Koontz | 1,166 | 1.7 | N/A |
| Total votes | | | **70,056** | **100.00%** |  |

## District 40

1997 general election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Henry McNamara (incumbent)** | **42,751** | **67.5%** | **0.2** |
|  | Democratic | Michael Greenspan | 20,537 | 32.5% | 0.2 |
| Total votes | | | **63,288** | **100.00%** |  |

1. "Official Results, General Election Returns for the Office of State Senate for Election Held November 4, 1997" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 5, 2016. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
2. "THE 1997 ELECTIONS: RESULTS; The Races for New Jersey Senate". *The New York Times*. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
3. "NJ State Senate 12". *Our Campaigns*. Retrieved September 14, 2017.
4. "NJ State Senate 32". *Our Campaigns*. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
5. "Primary Election Results for office of State Senate" (PDF).

## InfoBox

1997 New Jersey Senate elections
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  All 40 seats in the New Jersey State Senate
21 seats needed for a majority | |
| Majority party Minority party   Leader Donald DiFrancesco John A. Lynch Jr.
(retired)  Party Republican Democratic  Leader's seat 22nd 17th  Last election **24** 16  Seats won **24** 16  Seat change | |
| ---  Results by district
Democratic hold      Democratic gain
Republican hold      Republican gain | |
| ---  **Senate President before election**
Donald DiFrancesco
Republican **Elected Senate President**
Donald DiFrancesco
Republican | |


title: 1998 LG Cup (Iran)

abstract: The second LG Cup is an exhibition association football tournament that took place in Iran.

text:
# 1998 LG Cup (Iran)

The **second LG Cup** is an exhibition association football tournament that took place in Iran.

## Participants

The participants were:

## Venues

| Tehran | Tehran |
| --- | --- |
| | Azadi Stadium |
| | Capacity: **100,000** |
| |  |

## Results

### Semifinals

| Macedonia | 2–1 | Jamaica |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hristov |  | Hall |

Azadi Stadium, Tehran, IranAttendance: 60,000

---

| Iran | 0–2 | Hungary |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Korsós
Illés |

Azadi Stadium, Tehran, IranAttendance: 60,000

### Third place match

---

| Iran | 1–0 | Jamaica |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Khakpour |  |  |

Azadi Stadium, Tehran, IranAttendance: 50,000

### Final

---

| Hungary | 0–0 | Macedonia |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
| Penalties | | |
|  | 4–2 |  |

Azadi Stadium, Tehran, IranAttendance: 50,000

| 1998 LG Cup (Iran) winner |
| --- |
| **
Hungary
First title** |

## Top scorers

2 goals 1 goal

## InfoBox

1998 Second LG Cup
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Host country | Iran |
| City | Tehran |
| Dates | 20–22 April |
| Teams | 4 |
| Venue(s) | (in 1 host city) |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Hungary (1st title) |
| Runners-up | Macedonia |
| Third place | Iran |
| Fourth place | Jamaica |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Top scorer(s) | Georgi Hristov |
|


title: 1931 Norwegian local elections

text:
# 1931 Norwegian local elections

## Result of municipal elections

Results of the 1931 municipal elections.

| Party | | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour Party |  | 36.0 |
|  | Conservative PartyFree-minded Liberal Party |  | 16.3 |
|  | Liberal PartyRadical People's Party |  | 11.6 |
|  | Farmers' Party |  | 9.1 |
|  | Communist Party |  | 2.5 |
|  | Joint lists and others |  | 24.5 |
| Total | |  | |

### National daily newspapers

| Newspaper | Party endorsed | | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Aftenposten* |  | Conservative Party |  |
| *Nordlands Framtid* |  | Labour Party |  |


abstract: The 1931 Arkansas State Indians football team represented First District Agricultural and Mechanical College—now known as Arkansas State University—as a member of the Arkansas Intercollegiate Conference (AIC) during the 1931 college football season. Led by first-year head coach Jack Dale, the Indians compiled an overall record of 6–2 with a mark of 1–2 in conference play.

text:
# 1931 Arkansas State Indians football team

The **1931 Arkansas State Indians football team** represented First District Agricultural and Mechanical College—now known as Arkansas State University—as a member of the Arkansas Intercollegiate Conference (AIC) during the 1931 college football season. Led by first-year head coach Jack Dale, the Indians compiled an overall record of 6–2 with a mark of 1–2 in conference play.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 19 | First District alumni* |  | W 6–0 |  |
| September 25 | Bethel (TN)* | * Kays Field * Jonesboro, AR | W 34–0 |  |
| October 2 | Bethel (KY)* | * Kays Field * Jonesboro, AR | W 13–0 |  |
| October 9 | Tennessee Junior College* | * Kays Field * Jonesboro, AR | W 6–0 |  |
| October 16 | Arkansas State Teachers | * Kays Field * Jonesboro, AR | L 6–18 |  |
| October 30 | West Tennessee State Teachers* |  | W 14–6 |  |
| November 11 | Arkansas A&M | * Kays Field * Jonesboro, AR | L 6–22 |  |
| November 20 | Magnolia A&M | * Kays Field * Jonesboro, AR | W 13–7 |  |
| * \*Non-conference game | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1931 Arkansas State Indians football | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Arkansas Intercollegiate Conference |
| Record | 6–2 (1–2 AIC) |
| Head coach |  |
| Home stadium | Kays Field |
|


title: Arthur O'Neilly

abstract: The Blessed Arthur O'Neilly was born in Ireland in the 13th century. He was ordained a priest in the Trinitarian Order and assigned to care for and try to free Christians who were imprisoned, enslaved and held for ransom by Muslim slave traders around the Mediterranean Sea. The Trinitarian Order was oriented towards this goal, and there are several other members of the order who experienced trial in this line of work, e.g. Saint John of Matha, Saint Felix of Valois, and Saint Raymond Nonnatus. While contending for the Christian slaves in Egypt, Arthur was captured and was executed by being burned alive on November 1, 1282. Arthur has been beatified by the Roman Catholic Church and so is often known as Blessed Arthur O'Neilly or Blessed Arthur of Egypt. Some refer to him as St. Arthur. His feast day is November 1.

text:
# Arthur O'Neilly

The Blessed **Arthur O'Neilly** was born in Ireland in the 13th century. He was ordained a priest in the Trinitarian Order and assigned to care for and try to free Christians who were imprisoned, enslaved and held for ransom by Muslim slave traders around the Mediterranean Sea. The Trinitarian Order was oriented towards this goal, and there are several other members of the order who experienced trial in this line of work, e.g. Saint John of Matha, Saint Felix of Valois, and Saint Raymond Nonnatus.

While contending for the Christian slaves in Egypt, Arthur was captured and was executed by being burned alive on November 1, 1282. Arthur has been beatified by the Roman Catholic Church and so is often known as Blessed Arthur O'Neilly or Blessed Arthur of Egypt. Some refer to him as St. Arthur. His feast day is November 1.


abstract: The men's pole vault at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 3 September 1938.

text:
# 1938 European Athletics Championships – Men's pole vault

The **men's pole vault** at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Paris, France, at Stade Olympique de Colombes on 3 September 1938.

## Medalists

| **Gold** | Karl Sutter
*Germany* |
| --- | --- |
| **Silver** | Bo Ljungberg
*Sweden* |
| **Bronze** | Pierre Ramadier
*France* |

## Results

### Final

3 September

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Karl Sutter | Germany | 4.05 | CR |
|  | Bo Ljungberg | Sweden | 4.00 |  |
|  | Pierre Ramadier | France | 4.00 |  |
| 4 | Wilhelm Schneider | Poland | 4.00 |  |
| 5 | Mario Romeo | Italy | 4.00 |  |
| 6 | Aulis Reinikka | Finland | 3.90 |  |
| 7 | Richard Webster | Great Britain | 3.80 |  |
| 8 | Richard Kiipsaar | Estonia | 3.70 |  |
| 9 | Ernst Larsen | Denmark | 3.70 |  |
| 10 | Svend Aage Thomsen | Denmark | 3.70 |  |
| 11 | Robert Vintousky | France | 3.50 |  |
| 12 | Carol Eilhardt | Romania | 3.50 |  |
|  | Frans van Peteghem | Belgium | NH |  |
|  | Viktor Zsuffka | Hungary | NH |  |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 14 athletes from 12 countries participated in the event.

## InfoBox

| Men's pole vault
at the European Athletics Championships | |
| --- | --- |


abstract: The women's javelin throw at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Vienna, at the time part of German Reich, at Praterstadion on 18 September 1938.

text:
# 1938 European Athletics Championships – Women's javelin throw

The **women's javelin throw** at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Vienna, at the time part of German Reich, at Praterstadion on 18 September 1938.

## Medalists

| **Gold** | Lisa Gelius
*Germany* |
| --- | --- |
| **Silver** | Suse Pastors
*Germany* |
| **Bronze** | Luise Krüger
*Germany* |

## Results

### Final

18 September

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Lisa Gelius | Germany | 45.58 | CR |
|  | Suse Pastors | Germany | 44.14 |  |
|  | Luise Krüger | Germany | 42.49 |  |
| 4 | Lux Stiefel | Switzerland | 40.58 |  |
| 5 | Ida Lavize | Latvia | 40.20 |  |
| 6 | Stanisława Walasiewicz | Poland | 33.33 |  |
| 7 | Irja Lipasti | Finland | 31.93 |  |
| 8 | Britta Awall | Sweden | 31.90 |  |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 8 athletes from 6 countries participated in the event.

## InfoBox

| Women's javelin throw
at the European Athletics Championships | |
| --- | --- |


title: 1934 Khamba rebellion

abstract: The 1934 Khamba rebellion was a rebellion in the western regions of Kham in Xikang against the Tibetan Government and the Sichuan Warlord Liu Wenhui. It consisted of Khamba tribesmen led by the Pandatsang family; two brothers of the family, Pandatsang Togbye and Pandatsang Rapga, led the revolt.

text:
# 1934 Khamba rebellion

The **1934 Khamba rebellion** was a rebellion in the western regions of Kham in Xikang against the Tibetan Government and the Sichuan Warlord Liu Wenhui. It consisted of Khamba tribesmen led by the Pandatsang family; two brothers of the family, Pandatsang Togbye and Pandatsang Rapga, led the revolt.

## Revolt

The Pandatsang were an extremely rich Khampa trading family with enormous influence in Kham. The family leader was Nyigyal. The family's servants often said "Sa spang mda' gnam spang mda'." "The earth is Pangda's, the sky is Pangda's." and "I am connected to Pangda, what are you going to do to me?". They were behind the rebellion against Lhasa in 1934 and the Tibet Improvement Party.

The mastermind of the rebellion was Pandastang Togbye of the rich and powerful Kham Pandatsang family.

Pandatsang Rapga was the brother of Pandatsang Togbye (also spelled Topgyay), who was a great friend of Thubten Kunphela who was from Nyemo county located between Shigatse and Lhasa, U-Tsang. Partly out of anger over Kunphela's fall from power after the death of the 13th Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso, in 1934 Togbye organized a revolt against the Tibetan government in the areas they controlled in the western part of Kham. (that was about one third of the whole Kham region). His brother had military control while Rapga was more of a "scholar". They aimed to ultimately attack Lhasa, and had to take Chamdo first.

He did so in the belief that many monks from Kham originating in the large monasteries near Lhasa would support him in this. The Tibetan government knew that the rebellion originated from within Kham. The residence of his family in Lhasa was confiscated, but ultimately negotiations ensued. The reason was that the family was the main exporter of Tibetan wool abroad, and any further incident could affect government funds. As a result of the outcome of the negotiations, the members of the family did not persecute the rebellion further.

While the Kham rebels were escaping from the Tibetan government forces, they were forced into battle against both the Sichuan warlord Liu Wenhui and the Chinese Communist Party forces which were on the Long March.

Rapga fled from Kham to Kalimpong via Kanting and Nanking after the revolt failed.

Grey Tuttle, an Assistant Professor of Modern Tibetan studies, believes that it was possible that Rapga "was a devout believer in the political ideology of Sun Yat-sen and had translated some of Sun's more important writings into Tibetan" during this rebellion.

## InfoBox

| 1934 Khamba rebellion | |
| --- | --- |
| Date 1934  Location Kham (Xikang province)  Result  Rebellion aborted | |
| Belligerents | |
| Khamba rebels led by the Pandatsang family | Tibet (1912–1951)
Sichuan clique
Chinese Communist Party |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Pandastang Togbye
Pandatsang Rapga | (Regent of Tibet)
Sichuan Warlord Liu Wenhui |
| Strength | |
| Khamba tribesmen | Tibetan Army
Sichuan army
Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army |


title: 1998 Oahu Bowl

abstract: The 1998 Oahu Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game between the Air Force Falcons and the Washington Huskies. Part of the 1998–99 bowl season, the inaugural Oahu Bowl matched the fifth-place team from the Pacific-10 Conference (Pac-10) against the champions of the Western Athletic Conference (WAC).

text:
# 1998 Oahu Bowl

The **1998 Oahu Bowl** was a college football postseason bowl game between the Air Force Falcons and the Washington Huskies. Part of the 1998–99 bowl season, the inaugural Oahu Bowl matched the fifth-place team from the Pacific-10 Conference (Pac-10) against the champions of the Western Athletic Conference (WAC).

## Background

The #16 Falcons finished first in the WAC and had only lost one game, to TCU. They were 10th on points scored, with 36.0 points per game and 7th on points allowed with 14.2 points per game, in their sixth bowl appearance in the 1990s.

Washington went from 2–0 and #9 ranked to being unranked and 6–5, though they at least won the Apple Cup. The Huskies were 52nd in points scored, with 25.2 per game and 76th in points allowed, with 28.6 per game, in their seventh bowl appearance in the decade.

Air Force was favored by four points.

## Game summary

Jemal Singleton scored in both the first and second quarters to give Air Force a 14–0 lead, but Washington responded with a Braxton Cleman touchdown run less than two minutes later. Scott McKay added onto the lead with a touchdown run to make it 20-7 after their two-point conversion attempt failed. Cleman scored his second touchdown of the day to make it 20–13, with Huard's conversion pass attempt falling short to keep the score the same at halftime.

Jackson Whiting increased the Falcons' lead to 23–13 with a 42-yard field goal, then Spanky Gilliam extended it to 30–13 with his touchdown run. Matt Farmer caught a 79-yard touchdown pass from Blane Morgan with :07 remaining in the third quarter. Their conversion attempt to make it a 25-point lead failed, however, and the score remained at 36–13. Husky backup quarterback Marques Tuiasosopo ran in for a touchdown early in the fourth quarter to narrow the lead, but the two-point conversion failed, leaving the score at 36–19. McKay caught a 30-yard touchdown from Morgan as the Falcons scored their final points of the day. Manuel Austin caught a pass from Tuiasasopo with 4:09 remaining, but another failed conversion attempt left the final score 43–25. Starter Brock Huard was ineffective for the Huskies, going 23 of 32 with three interceptions and 267 yards before being replaced by Tuiasasopo. Morgan went 12 of 16 for 267 yards and two touchdowns. Farmer caught four passes for 109 yards.

## Aftermath

Neither team returned to the Oahu Bowl, which disbanded two years later. Washington (6–6) ended their first non-winning season in 22 years. Five days later, sixth-year head coach Jim Lambright was relieved of his duties by athletic director Barbara Hedges. His successor was Rick Neuheisel, the head coach at Colorado in the Big 12 Conference.

Air Force (12–1) moved up in the final rankings, thirteenth in the AP Poll, and tenth in the Coaches Poll.

## Statistics

| Statistics | Air Force | Washington |
| --- | --- | --- |
| First Downs | 26 | 21 |
| Yards Rushing | 232 | 107 |
| Yards Passing | 267 | 310 |
| Total Yards | 489 | 417 |
| Punts-Average | 2–45.5 | 2–40.5 |
| Fumbles-Lost | 3–1 | 3–0 |
| Interceptions | 0 | 3 |
|

## InfoBox

| 1998 Jeep Oahu Bowl | |
| --- | --- |
| 1st Oahu Bowl | |
|  | |
| 1 2 3 4 Total  **Air Force** 7 13 16 7 43  **Washington** 0 13 0 12 25 | |
| Date | December 25, 1998 |
| Season | 1998 |
| Stadium | Aloha Stadium |
| Location | Honolulu, Hawaii |
| MVP | QB Blane Morgan |
| Favorite | Air Force by 4 points |
| Referee | Rich Kollen (Big West) |
| Attendance | 34,083 |
| United States TV coverage | |
| Network | ABC |
|


title: 1998 Oakland Athletics season

abstract: The Oakland Athletics' 1998 season saw the A's finish with a record of 74 wins and 88 losses. The campaign was the first of the Billy Beane era. While the Athletics finished a distant fourth in the American League West, they improved upon the prior year's dismal output of 65–97. The strong play of Jason Giambi, Matt Stairs and Kenny Rogers highlighted an otherwise forgettable campaign. Rogers' performance was particularly impressive; in arguably the finest season of his career, he won 16 games and posted a 3.17 earned run average. Additionally, the 1998 season marked Rickey Henderson's fourth stint with the Athletics. Henderson, at the age of 39, stole a total 66 bases; this total lead the league in that category. Lastly, rookie Ben Grieve collected a Rookie of the Year (ROY) award for his solid debut season. The award was the Athletics' first since Walt Weiss received one in 1988. The Athletics posted a winning record in 1999. The organization, under Beane, would not post another losing season until 2007.

text:
# 1998 Oakland Athletics season

The **Oakland Athletics' 1998 season** saw the A's finish with a record of 74 wins and 88 losses. The campaign was the first of the Billy Beane era. While the Athletics finished a distant fourth in the American League West, they improved upon the prior year's dismal output of 65–97.

The strong play of Jason Giambi, Matt Stairs and Kenny Rogers highlighted an otherwise forgettable campaign. Rogers' performance was particularly impressive; in arguably the finest season of his career, he won 16 games and posted a 3.17 earned run average (both were the best full-season marks by an Athletics starter since 1992). Additionally, the 1998 season marked Rickey Henderson's fourth (and final) stint with the Athletics. Henderson, at the age of 39, stole a total 66 bases; this total lead the league in that category. Lastly, rookie Ben Grieve collected a Rookie of the Year (ROY) award for his solid debut season. The award was the Athletics' first since Walt Weiss received one in 1988.

The Athletics posted a winning record in 1999. The organization, under Beane, would not post another losing season until 2007.

## Offseason

## Regular season

### Opening Day starters

### Season standings

AL West
| Team |  |  | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Texas Rangers | 88 | 74 | .543 |  | 4833 | 4041 |
| Anaheim Angels | 85 | 77 | .525 | 3 | 4239 | 4338 |
| Seattle Mariners | 76 | 85 | .472 | 11½ | 4239 | 3446 |
| Oakland Athletics | 74 | 88 | .457 | 14 | 3942 | 3546 |

### Record vs. opponents

|
Sources: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | ANA | BAL | BOS | CWS | CLE | DET | KC | MIN | NYY | OAK | SEA | TB | TEX | TOR | NL |
| Anaheim |  | 5–6 | 6–5 | 5–6 | 4–7 | 8–3 | 6–5 | 6–5 | 6–5 | 5–7 | 9–3 | 6–5 | 5–7 | 4–7 | 10–6 |
| Baltimore | 6–5 |  | 6–6 | 2–9 | 5–6 | 10–1 | 5–6 | 7–3 | 3–9 | 8–3 | 6–5 | 5–7 | 6–5 | 5–7 | 5–11 |
| Boston | 5–6 | 6–6 |  | 5–6 | 8–3 | 5–5 | 8–3 | 5–6 | 5–7 | 9–2 | 7–4 | 9–3 | 6–5 | 5–7 | 9–7 |
| Chicago | 6–5 | 9–2 | 6–5 |  | 6–6 | 6–6 | 8–4 | 6–6 | 4–7 | 4–7 | 4–7 | 5–6 | 5–6 | 4–6–1 | 7–9 |
| Cleveland | 7–4 | 6–5 | 3–8 | 6–6 |  | 9–3 | 8–4 | 6–6 | 4–7 | 3–8 | 9–2 | 7–3 | 4–7 | 7–4 | 10–6 |
| Detroit | 3–8 | 1–10 | 5–5 | 6–6 | 3–9 |  | 6–6 | 8–4 | 3–8 | 7–4 | 3–8 | 5–6 | 3–8 | 5–6 | 7–9 |
| Kansas City | 5–6 | 6–5 | 3–8 | 4–8 | 4–8 | 6–6 |  | 7–5 | 0–10 | 7–4 | 4–6 | 8–3 | 3–8 | 6–5 | 9–7 |
| Minnesota | 5–6 | 3–7 | 6–5 | 6–6 | 6–6 | 4–8 | 5–7 |  | 4–7 | 4–7 | 2–9 | 7–4 | 7–4 | 4–7 | 7–9 |
| New York | 5–6 | 9–3 | 7–5 | 7–4 | 7–4 | 8–3 | 10–0 | 7–4 |  | 8–3 | 8–3 | 11–1 | 8–3 | 6–6 | 13–3 |
| Oakland | 7–5 | 3–8 | 2–9 | 7–4 | 8–3 | 4–7 | 4–7 | 7–4 | 3–8 |  | 5–7 | 5–6 | 6–6 | 5–6 | 8–8 |
| Seattle | 3–9 | 5–6 | 4–7 | 7–4 | 2–9 | 8–3 | 6–4 | 9–2 | 3–8 | 7–5 |  | 6–5 | 5–7 | 4–7 | 7–9 |
| Tampa Bay | 5–6 | 7–5 | 3–9 | 6–5 | 3–7 | 6–5 | 3–8 | 4–7 | 1–11 | 6–5 | 5–6 |  | 4–7 | 5–7 | 5–11 |
| Texas | 7–5 | 5–6 | 5–6 | 6–5 | 7–4 | 8–3 | 8–3 | 4–7 | 3–8 | 6–6 | 7–5 | 7–4 |  | 7–4 | 8–8 |
| Toronto | 7–4 | 7–5 | 7–5 | 6–4–1 | 4–7 | 6–5 | 5–6 | 7–4 | 6–6 | 6–5 | 7–4 | 7–5 | 4–7 |  | 9–7 |

### Notable transactions

### Roster

| 1998 Oakland Athletics | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Roster** | | | | | | | | | |
| **Pitchers** |  | **Catchers** **Infielders** |  | **Outfielders** **Other batters** |  | **Manager**
**Coaches** |

## Player stats

### Batting

#### Starters by position

*Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs; H = Hits; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; Avg. = Batting average; Slg. = Slugging average; SB = Stolen bases*

| Pos | Player | G | AB | R | H | HR | RBI | Avg. | Slg. | SB |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C | A. J. Hinch | 120 | 337 | 34 | 78 | 9 | 35 | .231 | .341 | 3 |
| 1B | Jason Giambi | 153 | 562 | 92 | 166 | 27 | 110 | .295 | .489 | 2 |
| 2B | Scott Spiezio | 114 | 406 | 54 | 105 | 9 | 50 | .259 | .377 | 1 |
| 3B | Mike Blowers | 129 | 409 | 56 | 97 | 11 | 71 | .237 | .386 | 1 |
| SS | Miguel Tejada | 105 | 365 | 53 | 85 | 11 | 45 | .233 | .384 | 5 |
| LF | Rickey Henderson | 152 | 542 | 101 | 128 | 14 | 57 | .236 | .347 | 66 |
| CF | Ryan Christenson | 117 | 370 | 56 | 95 | 5 | 50 | .257 | .368 | 5 |
| RF | Ben Grieve | 155 | 583 | 94 | 168 | 18 | 89 | .288 | .458 | 2 |
| DH | Matt Stairs | 149 | 523 | 88 | 154 | 26 | 106 | .294 | .511 | 8 |

#### Other batters

*Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Rafael Bournigal | 85 | 209 | 47 | .225 | 1 | 19 |
| Mike Macfarlane | 78 | 207 | 52 | .251 | 7 | 34 |
| Bip Roberts | 61 | 182 | 51 | .280 | 1 | 15 |
| Jason McDonald | 70 | 175 | 44 | .251 | 1 | 16 |
| Kevin Mitchell | 51 | 127 | 29 | .228 | 2 | 21 |
| Kurt Abbott | 35 | 123 | 33 | .268 | 2 | 9 |
| Dave Magadan | 35 | 109 | 35 | .321 | 1 | 13 |
| Ed Sprague Jr. | 27 | 87 | 13 | .149 | 3 | 7 |
| Jack Voigt | 57 | 72 | 10 | .139 | 1 | 10 |
| Eric Chavez | 16 | 45 | 14 | .311 | 0 | 6 |
| Mike Neill | 6 | 15 | 4 | .267 | 0 | 0 |
| Mark Bellhorn | 11 | 12 | 1 | .083 | 0 | 1 |
| Brian Lesher | 7 | 7 | 1 | .143 | 0 | 1 |
| Jorge Velandia | 8 | 4 | 1 | .250 | 0 | 0 |
| Izzy Molina | 6 | 2 | 1 | .500 | 0 | 0 |
| Shane Mack | 3 | 2 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 0 |
| Jason Wood | 3 | 1 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 0 |

### Pitching

#### Starting pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kenny Rogers | 34 | 238.2 | 16 | 8 | 3.17 | 138 |
| Tom Candiotti | 33 | 201.0 | 11 | 16 | 4.84 | 98 |
| Jimmy Haynes | 33 | 194.1 | 11 | 9 | 5.09 | 134 |
| Mike Oquist | 31 | 175.0 | 7 | 11 | 6.22 | 112 |
| Blake Stein | 24 | 117.1 | 5 | 9 | 6.37 | 89 |
| Gil Heredia | 8 | 42.2 | 3 | 3 | 2.74 | 27 |
| Ariel Prieto | 2 | 8.1 | 0 | 1 | 11.88 | 8 |

#### Other pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Jay Witasick | 7 | 27.0 | 1 | 3 | 6.33 | 29 |
| Dave Telgheder | 8 | 20.0 | 0 | 1 | 3.60 | 5 |

#### Relief pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | W | L | SV | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Billy Taylor | 70 | 4 | 9 | 33 | 3.58 | 58 |
| Buddy Groom | 75 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4.24 | 36 |
| T.J. Mathews | 66 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 4.58 | 53 |
| Mike Mohler | 57 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 5.16 | 42 |
| Mike Fetters | 48 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 3.99 | 34 |
| Tim Worrell | 25 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4.00 | 33 |
| Aaron Small | 24 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7.25 | 19 |
| Mark Holzemer | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5.59 | 3 |
| Jim Doughtery | 9 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 8.25 | 3 |
| Steve Connelly | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.93 | 1 |

## Farm system

| Level | Team | League | Manager |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| AAA | Edmonton Trappers | Pacific Coast League | Mike Quade |
| AA | Huntsville Stars | Southern League | Jeffrey Leonard |
|  | Modesto A's | California League | Juan Navarrette |
|  | Visalia Oaks | California League | Tony DeFrancesco |
| A-Short Season | Southern Oregon Timberjacks | Northwest League | Greg Sparks |
| Rookie | AZL Athletics | Arizona League | John Kuehl |

1. Dane Johnson at *Baseball-Reference*
2. Scott Brosius at *Baseball-Reference*
3. Tony Batista at *Baseball-Reference*
4. Jorge Velandia at *Baseball-Reference*
5. Damon Berryhill at *Baseball-Reference*
6. Mark Acre at *Baseball-Reference*
7. Jack Voigt at *Baseball-Reference*
8. Mike Blowers at *Baseball-Reference*
9. Izzy Molina at *Baseball-Reference*
10. Ricky Henderson at *Baseball-Reference*
11. Kevin Mitchell at *Baseball-Reference*
12. Ernie Young at *Baseball-Reference*
13. Doug Bochtler at *Baseball-Reference*
14. "1998 Oakland Athletics Roster by Baseball Almanac".
15. Mark Mulder at *Baseball-Reference*
16. Eric Byrnes at *Baseball-Reference*
17. Aaron Small at *Baseball-Reference*
18. "1998 Seattle Mariners Statistics".

## InfoBox

| 1998 Oakland Athletics | |
| --- | --- |
| League | American League |
| Division | West |
| Ballpark | Network Associates Coliseum |
| City | Oakland, California |
| Record | 74–88 (.457) |
| Divisional place | 4th |
| Owners | Stephen Schott
Ken Hofmann |
| General managers | Billy Beane |
| Managers | Art Howe |
| Television | KRON-TV
Fox Sports Bay Area
(Ray Fosse, Greg Papa, Ken Wilson) |
| Radio | KNEW
(Bill King, Ken Korach, Ray Fosse) |
|  | |


# 1998 Oceania Junior Men's Handball Championship

The 1998 Oceania Junior Men's Handball Championship, was the first official competition for junior men's national handball teams from Oceania. It was held from December 11–12, 1998 in Mittagong, New South Wales, Australia. It also acted as the qualifying competition for the 1999 IHF Men's Junior World Championship, securing one Vacancy for the World Championship.

Australia and New Zealand played a two-game series to determine the winner. Australia was the winner, but decided to defer its entry to the World Cup and New Zealand took their place.

## Overview

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Australia** | 72–46 | New Zealand | 32–23 | 40–23 |


title: 1998 Super League Grand Final

abstract: The 1998 JJB Super League Grand Final was the first staging of the Super League Grand Final and the conclusive and championship-deciding game of 1998's Super League III, and the first Grand Final of the Super League era. It was held on Saturday 24 October 1998, at Old Trafford, Manchester, United Kingdom. This was the first time the League Championship had been decided by play-off since the 1972–73 Championship Final. The game was played between Wigan Warriors and Leeds Rhinos.

text:
# 1998 Super League Grand Final

The **1998 JJB Super League Grand Final** was the **first staging** of the Super League Grand Final and the conclusive and championship-deciding game of 1998's Super League III, and the first Grand Final of the Super League era. It was held on Saturday 24 October 1998, at Old Trafford, Manchester, United Kingdom. This was the first time the League Championship had been decided by play-off since the 1972–73 Championship Final. The game was played between Wigan Warriors and Leeds Rhinos.

## Background

**JJB Sports Super League III** was the official name for the year 1998's Super League championship season, the 104th season of top-level professional rugby league football in Britain, and the third championship run by Super League. The League format changed in 1998 and the championship became a play off series to determine the Super League champions, similar to the way the Premiership was played a few seasons earlier. This meant the first Final to determine the British champions since the 1972–73 season. Huddersfield Giants, the league's bottom club was saved from relegation in 1998 due to the expansion of the league to fourteen teams in Super League IV.

### Route to the Grand Final

|  | Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Wigan Warriors | 23 | 21 | 0 | 2 | 762 | 222 | +540 | **42** |
| 2 | Leeds Rhinos | 23 | 19 | 0 | 4 | 662 | 369 | +293 | **38** |

#### Wigan Warriors

By finishing first in the regular season, Wigan qualified directly to the play-off semi-finals. They were drawn against Leeds at home and beat their eventual Grand Final opponents 17–4.

#### Leeds Rhinos

The play-off system in use only gave the league leaders a bye to the semi-finals. Leeds had finished second so had to play a qualifying play-off first. Drawn at home to Halifax Blue Sox Leeds won 13–6 to go through to the semi-final. This was an away fixture to Wigan where the Rhinos were beaten 17–4. However this loss did not end their season. The losers of the qualifying semi-final got another chance by playing the winners of the other semi-final in a final eliminator. Therefore Leeds' third play-off game was a home tie against St Helens where they cruised through 44–16.

Leeds
| Round | Opposition | Score |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Qualifying Play-off | Halifax Blue Sox (H) | 13-6 |
| Qualifying Semi-Final | Wigan Warriors (A) | 17-4 |
| Final Eliminator | St Helens (H) | 44-16 |
| **Key:** (H) = Home venue; (A) = Away venue. | | |

## Match details

| Wigan Warriors | 10–4 | Leeds Rhinos |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Tries:** Robinson
**Goals:** Farrell (3) | Report
 | **Tries:** Blackmore |

| **Wigan Warriors** | | Position | **Leeds Rhinos** | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Kris Radlinski | **Fullback** | 1 | Iestyn Harris (c) |
| 2 | Jason Robinson | **Winger** | 22 | Leroy Rivett |
| 3 | Danny Moore | **Centre** | 3 | Richie Blackmore |
| 4 | Gary Connolly | **Centre** | 4 | Brad Godden |
| 5 | Mark Bell | **Winger** | 5 | Francis Cummins |
| 6 | Henry Paul | **Stand Off** | 13 | Daryl Powell |
| 7 | Tony Smith | **Scrum half** | 7 | Ryan Sheridan |
| 16 | Terry O'Connor | **Prop** | 8 | Martin Masella |
| 9 | Robbie McCormack | **Hooker** | 21 | Terry Newton |
| 10 | Tony Mestrov | **Prop** | 25 | Darren Fleary |
| 17 | Stephen Holgate | **2nd Row** | 11 | Adrian Morley |
| 20 | Lee Gilmour | **2nd Row** | 17 | Anthony Farrell |
| 13 | Andy Farrell (c) | **Loose forward** | 12 | Marc Glanville |
|  |  |  |  |  |
| 25 | Paul Johnson | **Interchange** | 24 | Marcus St Hilaire |
| 12 | Simon Haughton | **Interchange** | 14 | Graham Holroyd |
| 14 | Mick Cassidy | **Interchange** | 27 | Andy Hay |
| 8 | Neil Cowie | **Interchange** | 20 | Jamie Mathiou |
|  |  |  |  |  |
|  | John Monie | **Coach** |  | Graham Murray |

## InfoBox

| 1998 (1998) Super League Grand Final  () | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 1 2 Total  WIG  6 4 10  LEE  4 0 4 | |
| Date | 24 October 1998 |
| Stadium | Old Trafford |
| Location | Manchester |
| Harry Sunderland Trophy | Jason Robinson ( Wigan) |
| Referee | Russell Smith |
| Attendance | 43,533 |
| Broadcast partners | |
| Broadcasters |  |
| Commentators |  |
|


title: Arthur Lanc

abstract: Arthur Lanc was medical officer in Gmünd and responsible for the medical care for all Jewish forced laborers in the area of Gmünd. Administering medicine to these people was not allowed. Together with the veterinarian, Dr. Krisch, he set aside medicine for the Jewish forced laborers and helped three of them flee from a camp in Gmünd. Because of this medical care, the Jews managed to survive the NS-Terror in a hideout in the attic of the tannery Weißensteiner in Hoheneich. For that reason Lanc was honored by Yad Vashem by getting the honorary title Righteous among the Nations together with his wife Maria Lanc.

text:
# Arthur Lanc

**Arthur Lanc** (20 March 1907, in Vienna, Austria – 20 May 1995, in Gmuend, Lower Austria) was medical officer in Gmünd and responsible for the medical care for all Jewish forced laborers in the area of Gmünd. Administering medicine to these people was not allowed. Together with the veterinarian, Dr. Krisch, he set aside medicine for the Jewish forced laborers and helped three of them flee from a camp in Gmünd. Because of this medical care, the Jews managed to survive the NS-Terror in a hideout in the attic of the tannery Weißensteiner in Hoheneich. For that reason Lanc was honored by Yad Vashem by getting the honorary title Righteous among the Nations together with his wife Maria Lanc.

## Literature

* Erich Geppert, Karl Pichler: 800 Jahre Heidenreichstein, Waldviertel – Kultur und Geschichte.
* Israel Gutman, Daniel Fraenkel, Jacob Borut: Lexikon der Gerechten unter den Völkern: Deutsche und Österreicher, page 324 f. Wallstein Verlag, 2005
* Mosche Meisels: Die Gerechten Österreichs – Eine Dokumentation der Menschlichkeit. Published by the Austrian embassy in Tel Aviv. 1996, pages 48–49.
* Herbert Fritz, Peter Krause: Farben tragen – Farbe bekennen, 1938–1945, Katholische Korporierte in Widerstand und Verfolgung, pages 402–404. Published by Österr. Verein für Studentengeschichte, 2013


title: 1934 Phillip Island 100

abstract:
The 1934 Phillip Island 100 was a motor race staged at the Phillip Island circuit in Victoria, Australia on 1 January 1934.
The 100 mile race, which was organised by the Light Car Club of Australia, was attended by over 8,000 people.
It was contested on a handicap basis with the limit starter, JW Williamson, commencing the race 17 minutes before the scratch starter, WB Thompson.
A competitor had to complete the course within the prescribed time limit of 1¾ hours to be classified as a finisher. The race was won by JW Williamson driving a Riley.

text:
# 1934 Phillip Island 100

The **1934 Phillip Island 100** was a motor race staged at the Phillip Island circuit in Victoria, Australia on 1 January 1934. The 100 mile race, which was organised by the Light Car Club of Australia, was attended by over 8,000 people. It was contested on a handicap basis with the limit starter, JW Williamson, commencing the race 17 minutes before the scratch starter, WB Thompson. A competitor had to complete the course within the prescribed time limit of 1¾ hours to be classified as a finisher.

The race was won by JW Williamson driving a Riley.

## Race results

| Position | Driver | No. | Car | Capacity | Entrant | Race time | Handicap | Laps |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | JW Williamson | 32 | Riley | 1087 cc | JW Williamson | 91 min 26 sec | 17:00 | 16 |
| 2 | JO McCutcheon | 7 | Bugatti | 1496 cc | K MacMeikan |  | 6:00 | 16 |
| 3 | GB Dentry | 8 | Riley | 10936 cc | GB Dentry |  | 6:00 | 16 |
| 4 | AJ Terdich | 2 | Bugatti | 1540 cc s/c | AJ Terdich |  | 3:00 | 16 |
| 5 | L Jennings | 5 | MG Magna | 1087 cc | L Jennings |  | 5:00 | 16 |
| 6 | NF Putt | 19 | MG Magna | 1250 cc | Britannia Motors Pty Ltd |  | 12:00 | 16 |
| 7 | LP Murphy | 20 | MG Midget | 847 cc | LP Murphy |  | 12:00 | 16 |
| NC | H Drake-Richmond | 12 | Bugatti | 1498 cc | H Drake-Richmond |  | 7:30 | 15 |
| NC | CR Warren | 6 | MG Midget | 747 cc s/c | Britannia Motors Pty Ltd |  | 5:00 | 15 |
| NC | JF Clements | 3 | Bugatti | 1992 cc | J Clements |  | 3:30 | 15 |
| DNF | WB Thompson | 1 | Bugatti | 1496 cc s/c | WB Thompson |  | Scratch | 10 |
| DNF | CW Junker | 4 | Bugatti | 1496 cc | CW Junker |  | 4:30 | ? |
| DNF | R Lea Wright | 18 | Singer Nine | 972 cc | A Beasley |  | 12:00 | ? |
| DNF | E Nichol | 9 | Bugatti | 1946 cc | E Nichol |  | 6:00 | ? |
| DNF | K McKinney | 11 | Austin Seven | 747 cc s/c | K McKinney |  | 7:00 | 5 |
| DNF | JH McGrath | 14 | Bugatti | 1496 cc | JH McGrath |  | 7:30 | 2 |
| DNF | G Disher | 17 | Salmson | 1097 cc | G Disher |  | 11:00 | 0 |

### Notes

* Starters: 17
* Classified finishers: 7
* Unclassified: 3 (All were on their last lap when the time limit expired)
* Retirements: 7
* Fastest lap: WB Thompson, time unknown, (average speed of approximately 83 mph)
* Fastest time: JO McCutcheon, 80 minutes 27 seconds


title: 1934 Philippine Senate elections

text:
# 1934 Philippine Senate elections

Legislative elections were held on June 5, 1934 in the Philippines. Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio Osmeña were re-elected in the Philippine Senate and still arch-rivals since the Nacionalista Party broke up in 1922.

## Electoral system

In a staggered election, the seats of the senators who were first disputed in 1922 were up for election. The Philippines is divided into 12 senatorial districts, of which all districts save for the 12th district, has one of its seats up. In the 12th district, any vacancy is filled via appointment of the Governor-General. The election itself is via first-past-the-post.

## Results

|
|  |

|  |
| 16 8  Democratico Pro-Independencia |

| Party | | Seats | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Up | Before | Won | After | +/− |
|  | Nacionalista Party | 10 | 21 | 11 | 22 | +1 |
|  | Democrata Party | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | −1 |
| Appointed | | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Total | | 11 | 24 | 11 | 24 | 1 |

## Aftermath

This was the last Senate election before 1946, since the Constitutional Convention, elected a month later, abolished the Senate by creating the unicameral National Assembly. The Senate would have been restored with amendments to the constitution that would have been applied in 1941, but World War II broke out and the elected senators would not have served until 1946.

## InfoBox

1934 Philippine Senate elections
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  11 of the 24 seats in the Philippine Senate | |
| Majority party Minority party   Leader Manuel L. Quezon Sergio Osmeña  Party Nacionalista Party-Democratico Nacionalista Party-Pro-Independencia  Leader's seat 5th District 10th District  Seats won **8** 3  Seats after **16** 8 | |
| ---  **Senate President before election**
Manuel L. Quezon
Nacionalista Party-Consolidato **Elected Senate President**
Manuel L. Quezon
Nacionalista Party-Consolidato | |


title: Edwin Thiel

abstract: Edwin Ludwig Thiel was a Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. Edwin Thiel was killed on 14 July 1944 after bailing out of his plane after it was hit by Soviet flak. During his career he was credited with 76 victories in 300 missions.

text:
# Edwin Thiel

**Edwin Ludwig Thiel** (19 June 1913 – 14 July 1944) was a Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. Edwin Thiel was killed on 14 July 1944 after bailing out of his plane after it was hit by Soviet flak. During his career he was credited with 76 victories in 300 missions.

## Career

Thiel was born on 19 June 1913 in Oberbexbach in the Saarland, which at the time was politically part of the Kingdom of Bavaria of the German Empire. Prior to World War II, he qualified as a civil pilot and flew with *Deutsche Luft Hansa* and served a flight instructor. In late 1941, Thiel was posted to I. *Gruppe* (1st group) of *Jagdgeschwader* 51 "Mölders" (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing).

On 29 May 1942, Thiel was appointed *Staffelkapitän* (squadron leader) of 2. *Staffel* of JG 51. He succeeded *Leutnant* Erwin Fleig who had been shot down behind enemy lines and became a prisoner of war. In July 1943, Thiel was transferred to *Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Ost*, specialized training unit for new fighter pilots destined for the Eastern Front, as an instructor. There, he commanded the 1. *Staffel*. Thiel was replaced by *Oberleutnant* Horst Haase as commander of 2. *Staffel* of JG 51.

In May 1944, Thiel transferred back to JG 51. There, he was given command of the *Stabsstaffel* which had temporarily been led by *Leutnant* Herbert Friebel after *Oberleutnant* Diethelm von Eichel-Streiber was transferred in April 1944. Thiel was killed in action on 14 July 1944 when his Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-8 (*Werknummer* 170943—factory number) was shot down by Soviet anti-aircraft artillery 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) east of Vawkavysk. Command of the *Stabsstaffel* was then given to *Oberleutnant* Heinz Busse.

## Summary of career

### Aerial victory claims

According to Spick, Thiel was credited with 76 aerial victories claimed in an unknown number of combat missions, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front. Mathews and Foreman, authors of *Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims*, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 71 aerial victory claims, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front in over 300 combat missions.

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = *Planquadrat*), for example "PQ 37651". The Luftwaffe grid map (*Jägermeldenetz*) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.

| Chronicle of aerial victories | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Thiel an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.    This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman. | | | | | | | | | |
| Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location | Claim | Date | Time | Type | Location |
| – 1. *Staffel* of *Jagdgeschwader* 51 –
Operation Barbarossa — October – 5 December 1941 | | | | | | | | | |
| 1 | 2 October 1941 | 14:16? | I-61 (MiG-3) | 45 km (28 mi) northwest of Roslavl | 2 | 3 October 1941 | 09:55 | I-18 (MiG-1) |  |
| – 2. *Staffel* of *Jagdgeschwader* 51 –
Eastern Front — 1 May 1942 – 3 February 1943 | | | | | | | | | |
| According to Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock, Thiel claimed 23 undocumented aerial victories between 30 May and 15 September 1942. These claims are not documented by Mathews and Foreman. | | | | | | | | | |
| 28 | 27 June 1942 | 09:42 | MiG-3 |  | 36 | 29 October 1942 | 13:42 | P-40 | Volokolamsk |
| 29 | 6 July 1942 | 14:20 | Pe-2 |  | 37 | 29 October 1942 | 13:44 | P-40 | Volokolamsk |
| 30 | 6 July 1942 | 14:22 | Pe-2 |  | 38♠ | 4 December 1942 | 11:47 | P-40 | vicinity of Schojtzowa |
| 31 | 6 July 1942 | 14:24 | Pe-2 | 1 km (0.62 mi) west of Bobrowo | 39♠ | 4 December 1942 | 11:53 | Il-2 | 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Ljatiwina |
| 32 | 7 July 1942 | 19:05 | MiG-3 |  | 40♠ | 4 December 1942 | 11:56 | Il-2 | PQ 37651 |
| 33 | 8 July 1942 | 07:50 | MiG-3 |  | 41♠ | 4 December 1942 | 11:58 | Il-2 | 2 km (1.2 mi) north of Pegorjelka |
| 34 | 8 July 1942 | 07:52 | MiG-3 |  | 42♠ | 4 December 1942 | 12:05 | Il-2 | 3 km (1.9 mi) southwest of Katowa |
| 35 | 11 July 1942 | 06:05 | MiG-3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| – 2. *Staffel* of *Jagdgeschwader* 51 –
Eastern Front — 4 February – July 1943 | | | | | | | | | |
| 43 | 23 February 1943 | 10:39 | Pe-2 | PQ 35 Ost 44294
20 km (12 mi) northeast of Zhizdra | 54 | 10 June 1943 | 19:23 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 44473
15 km (9.3 mi) north of Bryansk |
| 44 | 23 February 1943 | 10:41 | Pe-2 | PQ 35 Ost 44264
15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Zhizdra | 55 | 6 July 1943 | 19:47 | LaGG-3 | PQ 35 Ost 63584
20 km (12 mi) southwest of Maloarkhangelsk |
| 45 | 23 February 1943 | 10:45 | Pe-2 | PQ 35 Ost 44264
20 km (12 mi) southwest of Dudovskiy | 56 | 11 July 1943 | 16:32 | Yak-1 | PQ 35 Ost 64882
20 km (12 mi) southeast of Mtsensk |
| 46 | 23 February 1943 | 10:46 | Pe-2 | PQ 35 Ost 54142
25 km (16 mi) northeast of Zhizdra | 57 | 11 July 1943 | 16:33 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 64896
15 km (9.3 mi) north of Maloarkhangelsk |
| 47♠ | 24 February 1943 | 10:40 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 44223
25 km (16 mi) north of Zhizdra | 58 | 11 July 1943 | 16:35 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 64853
25 km (16 mi) east-northeast of Zalegoshch |
| 48♠ | 24 February 1943 | 10:48 | Pe-2 | PQ 35 Ost 44233
25 km (16 mi) north-northeast of Zhizdra | 59 | 11 July 1943 | 17:24 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 63471
15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Zalegoshch |
| 49♠ | 24 February 1943 | 13:41 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 64612
25 km (16 mi) south of Arsenjewo | 60 | 12 July 1943 | 08:45 | La-5 | PQ 35 Ost 64591
20 km (12 mi) east of Zalegoshch |
| 50♠ | 24 February 1943 | 13:46 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 64671
20 km (12 mi) north of Mtsensk | 61 | 12 July 1943 | 08:54 | Yak-1 | PQ 35 Ost 63231, west of Novosil
25 km (16 mi) east-northeast of Zalegoshch |
| 51♠ | 24 February 1943 | 13:50 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 64621
20 km (12 mi) north-northeast of Mtsensk | 62 | 13 July 1943 | 13:42 | Yak-1 | PQ 35 Ost 63225
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Zalegoshch |
| 52 | 8 June 1943 | 08:53 | Yak-7 | PQ 35 Ost 63394
15 km (9.3 mi) north-northwest of Maloarkhangelsk | 63 | 13 July 1943 | 13:43 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 63254
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Zalegoshch |
| 53 | 10 June 1943 | 19:20 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 44562
15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Dyatkovo | 64 | 13 July 1943 | 13:45 | Il-2 | PQ 35 Ost 63221
15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Zalegoshch |
| *Stabsstaffel* of *Jagdgeschwader* 51 –
Eastern Front — May – 14 July 1944 | | | | | | | | | |
| 65♠ | 23 June 1944 | 10:48 | Il-2 | PQ 25 Ost 96658
15 km (9.3 mi) southwest of Haradok | 69♠ | 23 June 1944 | 14:18? | Il-2 | PQ 25 Ost 96813
20 km (12 mi) east of Ulla |
| 66♠ | 23 June 1944 | 10:50 | Il-2 | PQ 25 Ost 96655
15 km (9.3 mi) southwest of Haradok | 70 | 25 June 1944 | 09:35 | Pe-2? | PQ 35 Ost 05559
15 km (9.3 mi) south of Orsha |
| 67♠ | 23 June 1944 | 10:53 | Il-2 | PQ 25 Ost 96652
15 km (9.3 mi) southwest of Haradok | 71 | 25 June 1944 | 09:38 | Pe-2? | PQ 35 Ost 05565
25 km (16 mi) south-southwest of Orsha |
| 68♠ | 23 June 1944 | 14:12? | Il-2 | PQ 25 Ost 96776
20 km (12 mi) east-northeast of Ulla |  |  |  |  |  |

### Awards

### Citations

1. Obermaier 1989, p. 215.
2. Prien et al. 2006, pp. 265, 274.
3. Prien et al. 2012, p. 486.
4. Prien et al. 2022, p. 256.
5. Prien et al. 2022, p. 264.
6. Spick 1996, p. 237.
7. Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1317–1317.
8. *Planquadrat*.
9. Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 588.
10. Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1317.
11. Prien et al. 2003, p. 255.
12. Prien et al. 2006, p. 273.
13. Prien et al. 2006, p. 269.
14. Prien et al. 2006, p. 271.
15. Prien et al. 2006, p. 272.
16. Prien et al. 2006, p. 270.
17. Prien et al. 2012, p. 489.
18. Prien et al. 2012, p. 492.
19. Prien et al. 2012, p. 493.
20. Prien et al. 2012, p. 494.
21. Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1317–1318.
22. Prien et al. 2022, p. 260.
23. Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1318.
24. Prien et al. 2022, p. 261.
25. Dixon 2023, p. 21.
26. Patzwall 2008, p. 204.
27. Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 473.
28. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 421.
29. Scherzer 2007, p. 741.

### Bibliography

* Bergström, Christer \[in Swedish\]. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". *Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat*. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
* Dixon, Jeremy (2023). *Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe: Knight's Cross Holders 1943–1945*. Barnsley: Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-39903-073-1.
* Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer \[in German\] (2000) \[1986\]. *Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile* \[*The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches*\] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
* Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). *Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 4 S–Z*. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-21-9.
* Nietrug, Gerd (2004). *Die Ritterkreuzträger des Saarlandes 1939 – 1945* \[*The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Saarland 1939 – 1945*\] (in German). Zweibrücken, Germany: VDM Nickel. ISBN 978-3-925480-93-5.
* Obermaier, Ernst (1989). *Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945* \[*The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945*\] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
* Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). *Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II* \[*The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2*\] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
* Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). *Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg* \[*The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War*\] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-08-3.
* Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003). *Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/I—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941* \[*The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/I—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941*\] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-69-4.
* Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006). *Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/II—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943* \[*The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/II—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943*\] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-77-9.
* Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012). *Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/I—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943* \[*The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/I—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943*\] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-02-4.
* Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Balke, Ulf; Bock, Winfried (2022). *Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 15/I—Einsatz im Osten—1.1. bis 31.12.1944* \[*The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 15/I—Action in the East—1 January to 31 December 1944*\] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-26-0.
* Scherzer, Veit (2007). *Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives* \[*The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives*\] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
* Spick, Mike (1996). *Luftwaffe Fighter Aces*. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1696-1.

## InfoBox

| Edwin Thiel | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 19 June 1913
Oberbexbach |
| Died | 14 July 1944(1944-07-14) (aged 31)
Vawkavysk |
| Allegiance | Nazi Germany |
| Service/branch | Luftwaffe |
| Years of service | 1941–1944 |
| Rank | *Hauptmann* (captain) |
| Unit | JG 51, EJGr Ost |
| Commands | 2./JG 51 |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |
| Other work | Deutsche Luft Hansa pilot |


title: 1963 in Taiwan

abstract: Events in the year 1963 in Taiwan, Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 52 according to the official Republic of China calendar.

text:
# 1963 in Taiwan

Events in the year **1963 in Taiwan**, Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 52 according to the official Republic of China calendar.

## Incumbents

## Events

### January

### February

### September

### October

## Births

## Deaths

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: | Other events of 1963<br>History of Taiwan    Timeline    Years |


title: 1933 Icelandic parliamentary election

abstract: Parliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 16 July 1933. Voters elected all 28 seats in the Lower House of the Althing and eight of the fourteen seats in Upper House. The Independence Party emerged as the largest party in the Lower House, winning 13 of the 28 seats.

text:
# 1933 Icelandic parliamentary election

**Parliamentary elections** were held in Iceland on 16 July 1933. Voters elected all 28 seats in the Lower House of the Althing and eight of the fourteen seats in Upper House. The Independence Party emerged as the largest party in the Lower House, winning 13 of the 28 seats.

## Results

| Party | | Votes | % | Seats | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Lower
House | | | +/– | Upper
House | +/– |
|  | Independence Party | 17,131.5 | 48.01 | 13 | +4 | 7 | +1 |
|  | Progressive Party | 8,530.5 | 23.91 | 11 | –5 | 5 | –2 |
|  | Social Democratic Party | 6,864.5 | 19.24 | 4 | +1 | 1 | 0 |
|  | Communist Party | 2,673.5 | 7.49 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | Independents | 480 | 1.35 | 0 | 0 | 1 | +1 |
| Total | | 35,680 | 100.00 | 28 | 0 | 14 | 0 |
|  | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 35,680 | 97.03 |  | | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 1,091 | 2.97 |  | | | |
| Total votes | | 36,771 | 100.00 |  | | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 53,327 | 68.95 |  | | | |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | | | | | | | |

1. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) *Elections in Europe: A data handbook*, p961 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
2. Nohlen & Stöver, p954

## InfoBox

1933 Icelandic parliamentary election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  All 28 seats in the Lower House
and 8 of 14 seats in the Upper House of Althing | |
| Turnout | 68.95% |
| Party Leader Vote % Seats +/–  Upper House  Independence Jón Þorláksson 48.01 7 +1  Progressive Ásgeir Ásgeirsson 23.91 5 −2  Social Democratic Jón Baldvinsson 19.24 1 0  Independents  1.35 1 +1  Lower House  Independence Jón Þorláksson 48.01 13 +4  Progressive Ásgeir Ásgeirsson 23.91 11 −5  Social Democratic Jón Baldvinsson 19.24 4 +1   This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.  Prime Minister before Prime Minister after  Ásgeir Ásgeirsson
Progressive Ásgeir Ásgeirsson
Progressive | |


title: 1955 Titleholders Championship

abstract: The 1955 Titleholders Championship was contested from March 10–13 at Augusta Country Club. It was the 16th edition of the Titleholders Championship. This event was won by Patty Berg.

text:
# 1955 Titleholders Championship

The **1955 Titleholders Championship** was contested from March 10–13 at Augusta Country Club. It was the 16th edition of the Titleholders Championship.

This event was won by Patty Berg.

## Final leaderboard

| Place | Player | Score | To par | Money ($) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Patty Berg** | 76-68-74-73=291 | +3 | 1,000 |
| 2 | Mary Lena Faulk | 72-73-74-74=293 | +5 | 700 |
| 3 | Betsy Rawls | 77-69-78-73=297 | +9 | 600 |
| 4 | Louise Suggs | 71-77-80-73=301 | +13 | 500 |
| 5 | Marlene Bauer | 78-71-77-77=303 | +15 | 425 |
| 6 | Mickey Wright | 77-77-75-75=304 | +16 | 350 |
| T7 | Fay Crocker | 80-76-76-74=306 | +18 | 280 |
| | Babe Zaharias | 75-75-78-78=306 | | |
| | Pat Lesser (a) | 75-74-80-77=306 | | 0 |
| 10 | Marilynn Smith | 74-77-81-76=308 | +20 | 200 |


# Faroe Islands at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships

The Faroe Islands competed at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships in Budapest, Hungary from 14 July to 30 July.

## Swimming

The Faroe Islands has received a Universality invitation from FINA to send a maximum of four swimmers (two men and two women) to the World Championships.

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Óli Mortensen | Men's 800 m freestyle | 8:16.25 | 28 |  | | Did not advance | |
| | Men's 1500 m freestyle | 15:37.77 | 34 |  | | Did not advance | |
| Roland Toftum | Men's 50 m breaststroke | 30.16 | 57 | Did not advance | | | |
| | Men's 100 m breaststroke | 1:07.22 | 63 | Did not advance | | | |
| Signhild Joensen | Women's 100 m backstroke | 1:04.50 | 41 | Did not advance | | | |
| | Women's 200 m backstroke | 2:19.11 | 29 | Did not advance | | | |
| Sara Nysted | Women's 200 m individual medley | 2:26.48 | 32 | Did not advance | | | |
| | Women's 400 m individual medley | 5:21.21 | 27 |  | | Did not advance | |
| Óli Mortensen
Roland Toftum
Signhild Joensen
Sara Nysted | Mixed 4×100 m freestyle relay | DNS | |  | | Did not advance | |
| | Mixed 4×100 m medley relay | 4:10.29 | 19 |  | | Did not advance | |

## InfoBox

| Faroe Islands at the
2017 World Aquatics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Flag of the Faroe Islands | |
| FINA code | FAR |
| National federation | Svimjisamband Føroya |
| Website | www.ssf.fo |
| in Budapest, Hungary | |
| Competitors | 4 in 1 sport |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| World Aquatics Championships appearances | |
|  | |


title: 1987 Republic of the Congo coup attempt

text:
# 1987 Republic of the Congo coup attempt

From July to September 1987 forces loyal to Denis Sassou Nguesso defeated Kouyous forces which attempted to overthrow his regime. Pierre Anga, one of the coup leaders, fled to Owando where he was killed on September 6, 1987 ending the coup.

## InfoBox

| 1987 Republic of the Congo coup d'état attempt | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Date July - September 1987  Location Republic of the Congo  Result Coup fails<br> | |
| Belligerents | |
| Government of Republic of the Congo | Army faction |


title: 1992 Orlando Predators season

abstract: The 1992 Orlando Predators season was the 2nd season for the franchise. They went 9–1 and lost ArenaBowl VI to the Detroit Drive.

text:
# 1992 Orlando Predators season

The **1992 Orlando Predators season** was the 2nd season for the franchise. They went 9–1 and lost ArenaBowl VI to the Detroit Drive.

## Regular season

### Schedule

| Week | Date | Opponent | Results | | Game site |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Final score | Team record | |
| 1 | May 29 | Tampa Bay Storm | **L** 32–39 | 0–1 | Orlando Arena |
| 2 | June 4 | at Sacramento Attack | **W** 58–47 | 1–1 | ARCO Arena |
| 3 | June 13 | San Antonio Force | **W** 50–0 | 2–1 | Orlando Arena |
| 4 | June 19 | at Detroit Drive | **W** 50–49 | 3–1 | Joe Louis Arena |
|  | June 27 | Charlotte Rage | **W** 29–26 | 4–1 | Orlando Arena |
| 6 | July 2 | at Tampa Bay Storm | **W** 48–33 | 5–1 | Florida Suncoast Dome |
| 7 | July 11 | at New Orleans Night | **W** 45–20 | 6–1 | Louisiana Superdome |
| 8 | July 17 | Arizona Rattlers | **W** 71–21 | 7–1 | Orlando Arena |
| 9 | July 24 | at Charlotte Rage | **W** 39–38 | 8–1 | Charlotte Coliseum |
| 10 | July 31 | New Orleans Night | **W** 62–8 | 9–1 | Orlando Arena |

### Standings

|  | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W | L | T | PCT | PF | PA | PF (Avg.) | PA (Avg.) | STK |
| **Southern Division** | | | | | | | | | |
| **xyz**-Orlando Predators | 9 | 1 | 0 | .900 | 484 | 281 | 48.4 | 28.1 | W 9 |
| **x**-Tampa Bay Storm | 9 | 1 | 0 | .900 | 472 | 354 | 47.2 | 35.4 | W 4 |
| Charlotte Rage | 3 | 7 | 0 | .300 | 357 | 320 | 35.7 | 32 | L 2 |
| New Orleans Night | 0 | 10 | 0 | .000 | 258 | 491 | 25.8 | 49.1 | L 10 |
| **Northern Division** | | | | | | | | | |
| **xy**-Detroit Drive | 8 | 2 | 0 | .800 | 497 | 314 | 49.7 | 31.4 | W 6 |
| **x**-Cincinnati Rockers | 7 | 3 | 0 | .700 | 451 | 350 | 45.1 | 35 | L 1 |
| **x**-Albany Firebirds | 5 | 5 | 0 | .500 | 422 | 416 | 42.2 | 41.6 | L 4 |
| **x**-Cleveland Thunderbolts | 4 | 6 | 0 | .400 | 311 | 362 | 31.1 | 36.2 | W 1 |
| **Western Division** | | | | | | | | | |
| **xy**-Dallas Texans | 5 | 5 | 0 | .500 | 354 | 388 | 35.4 | 38.8 | W 2 |
| **x**-Sacramento Attack | 4 | 6 | 0 | .400 | 354 | 395 | 35.4 | 39.5 | W 1 |
| Arizona Rattlers | 4 | 6 | 0 | .400 | 324 | 420 | 32.4 | 42 | L 1 |
| San Antonio Force | 2 | 8 | 0 | .200 | 268 | 461 | 26.8 | 46.1 | L 2 |

**z** – clinched homefield advantage

**y** – clinched division title

**x** – clinched playoff spot

## Playoffs

| Round | Date | Opponent | Results | | Game site |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Final score | Team record | |
| 1st | August 7 | Cleveland Thunderbolts | **W** 50–12 | 1–0 | Orlando Arena |
| Semi-finals | August 15 | Tampa Bay Storm | **W** 24–21 (OT) | 2–0 | Orlando Arena |
| ArenaBowl VI | August 22 | Detroit Drive | **L** 38–56 | 2–1 | Orlando Arena |

## Roster

| 1992 Orlando Predators roster | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Quarterbacks** **Wide Receivers/Defensive Backs** | **Fullbacks/linebackers** **Offensive Linemen/Defensive Linemen** | **Wide Receivers/linebackers** **Kickers**
*Rookies in italics*
Roster updated March 27, 2013
25 Active, 0 Inactive, 0 PS
→ More rosters |
|

## Awards

| Position | Player | Award | All-Arena team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Wide Receiver/Defensive Back | Barry Wagner | Ironman of the Year | 1st |
| Head Coach | Perry Moss | Coach of the Year |  |
| Executive | Eric Leins | Executive of the Year |  |
| Defensive specialist | Durwood Roquemore |  | 1st |
| Kicker | Jorge Cimadevilla |  | 1st |

## InfoBox

| 1992 Orlando Predators season | |
| --- | --- |
| Head coach | Perry Moss |
| Home field | Orlando Arena |
| Results | |
| Record | 9–1 |
| Division place | 1st |
| Playoff finish | **Won** 1st Round (Thunderbolts) 50–12
**Won** Semi-Finals (Storm) 24-21 (OT)
Lost ArenaBowl VI (Drive) 38-56 |
|


title: Emperor Jing of Liang

abstract: Emperor Jing of Liang, personal name Xiao Fangzhi (蕭方智), courtesy name Huixiang (慧相), nickname Fazhen (法真), was an emperor of the Chinese Liang Dynasty. As the only surviving son of Emperor Yuan, he was declared emperor by the general Chen Baxian in 555, but in 557 Chen forced him to yield the throne and established Chen Dynasty. In 558, Chen had him killed.

text:
# Emperor Jing of Liang

**Emperor Jing of Liang** (Chinese: 梁敬帝; 543 – 5 May 558), personal name **Xiao Fangzhi** (蕭方智), courtesy name **Huixiang** (慧相), nickname **Fazhen** (法真), was an emperor of the Chinese Liang Dynasty. As the only surviving son of Emperor Yuan, he was declared emperor by the general Chen Baxian in 555, but in 557 Chen forced him to yield the throne and established Chen Dynasty. In 558, Chen had him killed.

## Background

Xiao Fangzhi was born in 544, when his father Xiao Yi was the Prince of Xiangdong during the reign of his grandfather, the founding emperor Emperor Wu. His mother was Xiao Yi's concubine Lady Xia. He was Xiao Yi's ninth son. He was created the Marquess of Xingliang in 549, probably by Xiao Yi, exercising acting imperial powers, as that year, the capital Jiankang fell to the rebel general Hou Jing, who took Emperor Wu and his crown prince, Xiao Fangzhi's uncle Xiao Gang hostage, and the subsequent acts of Emperor Wu and Xiao Gang (who succeeded to the throne as Emperor Jianwen later that year when Emperor Wu died) were not recognized as genuine imperial edicts.

In 552, after Xiao Yi had defeated Hou and taken the throne at his headquarters of Jiangling (江陵, in modern Jingzhou, Hubei) as Emperor Yuan, he created Xiao Fangzhi the Prince of Jin'an, and honored Xiao Fangzhi's mother Consort Xia as the Princess Dowager of Jin'an. In 553, Xiao Fangzhi was made a general and the governor of Jiang Province (江州, modern Jiangxi), although, because he was just nine years old, actual gubernatorial authorities were probably carried out by staff members.

In winter 554, Jiangling, then the capital, fell to Western Wei forces. Emperor Yuan was captured and subsequently executed around the near year 555, as were all of the then-surviving brothers of Xiao Fangzhi. Western Wei created Xiao Fangzhi's cousin Xiao Cha Emperor of Liang. However, most of the remaining Liang provinces were under the control of Emperor Yuan's general Wang Sengbian and Wang's lieutenant Chen Baxian, and they refused to recognize Xiao Cha as emperor. Rather, they welcomed Xiao Fangzhi to the old capital Jiankang, initially offering him the title of *Taizai* (太宰) and had him formally exercise imperial power. In spring 555, they declared him the Prince of Liang and had him take the throne—but not with imperial title.

Meanwhile, Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi had his own designs on putting an emperor on the Liang throne who would be friendly to Northern Qi. He created Emperor Yuan's cousin Xiao Yuanming the Marquess of Zhenyang, who had been captured by Northern Qi's predecessor state Eastern Wei in 547, and he sent his brother Gao Huan (高渙) the Prince of Shangdang to escort Xiao Yuanming back to Liang. Wang initially rejected Emperor Wenxuan's and Xiao Yuanming's overtures, but after his forces suffered several defeats at Northern Qi's hands, became apprehensive and decided to accept Xiao Yuanming as emperor, after extracting a promise from Xiao Yuanming to create Xiao Fangzhi crown prince. In summer 555, Xiao Yuanming arrived at Jiankang to take the throne, although military authorities remained in Wang's and Chen's hands. Xiao Yuanming created Xiao Fangzhi crown prince, pursuant to his promise.

In fall 555, however, Chen, displeased at Xiao Yuanming's becoming emperor, made a surprise attack on Jiankang from his headquarters at Jingkou (京口, in modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). Wang was caught by surprise and was captured and executed by Chen. Xiao Yuanming abdicated, and Xiao Fangzhi took the throne (as Emperor Jing).

## Reign

Emperor Jing honored his mother Consort Xia as empress dowager and his wife Princess Wang as empress. However, actual powers were in Chen Baxian's hands.

War broke out as soon as Emperor Jing took the throne, as generals loyal to Wang, including Xu Sihui (徐嗣徽), Ren Yue (任約), Hou Tian (侯瑱), Wang's son-in-law Du Kan (杜龕), and brother Wang Sengzhi (王僧智), all rose to resist Chen, and Xu and Ren sought Northern Qi aid. In winter 555, Northern Qi forces crossed the Yangtze River into Liang territory to aid Xu and Ren, but soon, the armies stalemated near Jiankang. Around the new year 556, Chen put Shitou, a heavy fortified fortress in Jiankang's vicinity, which the Northern Qi general Liu Damo (柳達摩) had taken, under siege, and Liu sought peace. While Chen did not favor peace with Northern Qi, most imperial officials did, and Chen agreed to peace, sending his nephew Chen Tanlang (陳曇朗), Emperor Jing's nephew Xiao Zhuang the Prince of Yongjia, and Wang Min (王珉), the son of the key official Wang Chong (王沖), to Northern Qi as hostages, permitting Northern Qi forces to withdraw, and Xu and Ren went with them to Northern Qi. In spring 556, Du was either defeated or surrendered, and Chen killed him. Wang Sengzhi fled to Northern Qi, and the Jiankang region was largely pacified. Soon, Hou, who controlled Jiang Province, submitted as well.

Soon, however, Northern Qi forces, along with Xu and Ren's forces, attacked again. They arrived at Jiankang again in summer 556. Chen defeated them several times, however, and cut off their food supplies, leading to a major rout. Xu was captured and executed, as were a large number of Northern Qi generals. Chen had Emperor Jing create him the Duke of Changcheng, and then the greater title of Duke of Yixing. The general Wang Lin, who controlled Xiang (湘州, modern Hunan) and Ying (郢州, modern eastern Hubei) Provinces, however, resisted Chen's orders for him to report to Jiankang, although he still recognized Emperor Jing as emperor.

In spring 557, Xiao Bo (蕭勃), the governor of Guang Province (廣州, modern Guangdong), apparently believing that Chen was about to seize the throne, rebelled and tried to advance north. Soon, however, Chen's general Zhou Wenyu (周文育) captured Xiao Bo's general Ouyang Wei (歐陽頠), and Xiao Bo's own generals rose and killed him.

In summer 557, Chen had Emperor Jing create him the Duke of Chen. In winter 557, he had Emperor Jing create him the Prince of Chen, and then three days later, yield the throne to him, establishing Chen Dynasty with Chen as its Emperor Wu.

## Death

Chen created Emperor Jing as the Prince of Jiangyin. However, in summer 558, he sent assassins to kill the former emperor. As the young emperor was without sons, his cousin Xiao Jiqing (蕭季卿) was created the Prince of Jiangyin to succeed him.

## Family

Consorts:

* Empress, of the Wang clan of Langya (皇后 琊瑯王氏)

## Ancestry

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## InfoBox

| Emperor Jing of Liang
梁敬帝 | |
| --- | --- |
| Emperor of Liang dynasty | |
| Reign | November 1, 555 – November 12, 557 |
| Predecessor | Xiao Yuanming |
|  | |
| Born | 543 |
| Died | May 5, 558 |
| Consorts | Lady Wang of Langya |
| Full name   Era dates  Shàotài (紹泰): 555–556
Tàipíng (太平): 556–557  Posthumous name  Emperor Jìng (敬皇帝, lit. "the alert Emperor") | |
| Dynasty | Liang Dynasty |
| Father | Emperor Yuan |
| Mother | Xia Wangfeng |


title: Emrhys Cooper

abstract: Emrhys Cooper is a British actor, singer, dancer, and filmmaker, best known for playing cult leader Rowan Cunliffe in Coronation Street and Alistair in the Emmy nominated StyleHaul Drama Series Vanity (2015) in which he stars alongside Denise Richards and Karrueche Tran. He has appeared in films such as Mamma Mia (2008), the romantic comedy Walk a Mile in My Pradas (2011), the indie drama Till We Meet Again (2016), the horror film Dreamcatcher, and his award-winning directorial debut The Shuroo Process.

text:
# Emrhys Cooper

**Emrhys Cooper** (born 14 February 1985) is a British actor, singer, dancer, and filmmaker, best known for playing cult leader Rowan Cunliffe in Coronation Street and Alistair in the Emmy nominated StyleHaul Drama Series *Vanity* (2015) in which he stars alongside Denise Richards and Karrueche Tran.

He has appeared in films such as *Mamma Mia* (2008), the romantic comedy *Walk a Mile in My Pradas* (2011), the indie drama *Till We Meet Again* (2016), the horror film *Dreamcatcher*, and his award-winning directorial debut *The Shuroo Process*.

## Early life, family, and education

Cooper was born in Devon, England. His father, Christopher, is a teacher and founder of the UK's South Devon Rudolf Steiner School. His mother, Raphaela, is an artist and former dancer.

He has an older sister called Fleur who runs a successful Travel and Lifestyle company and starred in the ITV series Million Dollar Babes.

Growing up, Cooper spent his free time training in dance, singing and acting. He started working professionally at the age of 12. He appeared in several UK TV shows and commercials.

He earned a scholarship to The Central School of Ballet, where he studied from the ages of 16–18. He then changed course and attended the prestigious Laine Theatre Arts School to pursue a career in musical theatre.

He graduated with honours at the age of 19.

## Career

### 2005–2014

Cooper made his professional stage debut in the national tour of *Fame – the Musical* before making his West End debut at 21 in the Queen musical *We Will Rock You**.*

In addition to appearing in West End musicals, Cooper also worked as a dancer with many of the world's biggest recording artists including Madonna, Christina Aguilera, Pussycat Dolls and the Sugababes, (in the video for "Push the Button") as the Geeky Guy directed by Matthew Rolston. Whilst dancing, Cooper appeared on TV shows such as *X Factor*, *Americas Got Talent*, *Stars in Their Eyes* and the *MTV European Music Awards*.

Cooper has made several appearances on British television, *I'd Do Anything* and *999 Lifesavers*. His on-screen debut was in *Mamma Mia!* in 2008.

In 2008, he moved to Los Angeles where he quickly started working on many of the US's biggest shows including *Desperate Housewives*, *CSI:NY,* *Touch* and *Blackish*. He played an integral role on the hit prime time network TV series *Person of Interest* playing MI6 spy Young Greer. The elder John Greer is portrayed by the British actor John Nolan (cousin of Christopher Nolan).

Cooper has also had a string of independent movies such as *Walk a Mile in My Pradas*, *Paint*, *Dreamcatcher**,* and *Till We Meet Again*

In 2013, Cooper was cast as the lead role in the Bhutanese feature film *Kushuthara – Pattern of Love,* filmed in the Kingdom of Bhutan. Cooper is the first ever Western actor to star in a Bhutanese film. '*Kushuthara*' went on to garner wins at international film festivals and Cooper was awarded outstanding performance from a leading actor in the IndieFest film festival.

Notable US stage work includes the Dream It Productions critically acclaimed production of *Entertaining Mr Sloane.* Cooper won several awards for his portrayal of "Sloane" including being voted "Person to Watch" by Broadway World.

### 2015–present

Cooper landed the lead role in the remake of the classic silent horror film Nosferatu, playing the role of Thomas Hutter.

The film also stars Doug Jones in the iconic role of Count Orlok. Other cast includes Joely Fisher and Sarah Carter.

In 2023, Cooper appeared as the Cowboy The Bents highly acclaimed production of Mart Crowley's The Boys in the Band at the Camelot Theatre, Palm Springs.

### 2018–present: Directorial focus

In 2018, Cooper made his directorial debut in the viral short film *Trophy Boy* which had its world premiere at the Cannes Film Festival, and is currently being developed into a TV series. Cooper made his feature film directorial debut in the critically acclaimed *The Shuroo Process*, which he also wrote and produced.

## Music

In 2013, Cooper co-wrote and released his debut single "Hypnotized" through Inspire U records. The song played on many of the UK's major stations. The song can be heard in the feature film *Kushuthara: Pattern of Love*.

In 2016 he released the single "Reboot My Heart", which he co wrote with his songwriting partner Elaine Macaulso. Cooper also directed the music video shot in Bangkok and Ko TaoThailand.

## Humanitarian work

In February 2016, whilst shooting *The Temple* in Bhutan, Cooper visited the Neyphug (Heyphug) Monastery & School for orphaned and underprivileged boys. The site had been severely hit by an earthquake. Neyphug is a charitable organisation that supports a monk community with a 450-year Buddhist history in the Kingdom of Bhutan.

Cooper also created a public service announcement after losing his song writing partner, Elaine Macaluso, to urethral cancer. He supports Urology Care Foundation, hoping to build awareness and urge people to get regular health check ups.

Cooper is also passionate about protecting wildlife and creating a healthy planet with WWF and Greenpeace. Cooper shares his home with 3 rescued cats and an African grey parrot.

## Filmography

Film
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | *Mamma Mia!* | Stag |  |
| 2010 | *Walk a Mile in My Pradas* | Michael | Also credited as "*executive producer*" |
| 2018 | *The Price for Silence* | Lucas Flynn | Won Best Supporting Actor at the International Film Festival of Wales |
| 2021 | *Dreamcatcher* | Brecken |  |
| | *The Shuroo Process* | D'arcy | Also director, producer and screenwriter |

Television
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | *I'd Do Anything* | Himself | Performer, 5 episodes |
| 2008 | *America's Got Talent* | Himself | Dance, 9 episodes |
| 2008 | *The X Factor* | Himself | Dancer |
| 2008 | *CSI: NY* | Vincent Wright | Guest, "*The Cost of Living* episode.
Credited as "*Emrhys Matthew Cooper*" |
| 2012 | *Desperate Housewives* | Richard | "Who Can Say What's True?" episode |
| 2014 | *Person of Interest* | young John Greer | "The Cold War" episode |
| 2015 | *Breaking Hollywood: One Actor at a Time* | Guy | 3 episodes |
| | *Vanity* | Alistair | 10 episode |
| 2016 | *Relationship Status* | Henry | 1 episode |
| 2018 | *Entanglement* | Sam |  |
| 2019 | *Real Royals* | Henry Myerscough |  |
| 2024 | *The Lair: OnlyFangs* | Landon Scott |  |
| 2024 | *Coronation Street* | Rowan Cunliffe | Regular role |

## InfoBox

| Emrhys Cooper | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Emrhys Matthew Cooper
(1985-02-14) 14 February 1985
Totnes, Devon, England |
| Occupations | * Actor * dancer * singer * filmmaker |


title: Aristaea atrata

abstract: Aristaea atrata is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Madagascar. The larvae feed on Rubiaceae species. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.

text:
# Aristaea atrata

***Aristaea atrata*** is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from Madagascar.

The larvae feed on Rubiaceae species. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant.

## InfoBox

| *Aristaea atrata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gracillariidae |
| Genus: | *Aristaea* |
| Species: | ***A. atrata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aristaea atrata***<br>Triberti, 1985 | |
|