title: Aventicum

abstract: Aventicum was the largest town and capital of Roman Switzerland. Its remains are beside the modern town of Avenches. The city was probably created ex nihilo in the early 1st century AD, as the capital of the recently conquered territory of the Helvetii, across the road that connected Italy to Britain, built under Claudius. Under the rule of Emperor Vespasian, who grew up there, Aventicum was raised to the status of a colonia in 72 AD, whereupon it entered its golden age. The town wall was 5.6 km (3.5 mi) long but was impracticable for defensive purposes and was doubtless intended as a display of the status of the city. In the Christian era Aventicum was the seat of a bishopric. The most famous of its bishops was Marius Aventicensis. His terse chronicle, spanning the years 455 to 581, is one of the few sources for the 6th-century Burgundians. Shortly after the Council of Macon, in 585, Marius moved the seat from Aventicum, due to the rapid decline of the city, to Lausanne.

text:
# Aventicum

46°52′48″N 7°02′56″E / 46.880°N 7.049°E / 46.880; 7.049 (Aventicum)

**Aventicum** was the largest town and capital of Roman Switzerland (Helvetia or Civitas Helvetiorum). Its remains are beside the modern town of Avenches.

The city was probably created *ex nihilo* in the early 1st century AD, as the capital of the recently conquered territory of the Helvetii, across the road that connected Italy to Britain, built under Claudius. Under the rule of Emperor Vespasian, who grew up there, Aventicum was raised to the status of a *colonia* in 72 AD, whereupon it entered its golden age. The town wall was 5.6 km (3.5 mi) long but was impracticable for defensive purposes and was doubtless intended as a display of the status of the city.

In the Christian era Aventicum was the seat of a bishopric. The most famous of its bishops was Marius Aventicensis. His terse chronicle, spanning the years 455 to 581, is one of the few sources for the 6th-century Burgundians. Shortly after the Council of Macon, in 585, Marius moved the seat from Aventicum, due to the rapid decline of the city, to Lausanne.

## Prehistoric Aventicum

The area around Aventicum was occupied before the Romans founded the city. There have been numerous lake-dwellings discovered within the adjoining Lake Murten, with at least 16 stilt house settlements having been found. In the largest site, the piles extend over an area of 460 square metres (5,000 sq ft) thus forming a large station or village. A great number of objects have been found buried in the mud amongst the piles, consisting of implements of stone and bone, such as hatchets, chisels, needles, awls, besides a vast quantity of the bones of animals. The pottery is a coarse, dark red kind of earthenware containing numerous grains of quartz, and there are 12 or 15 varieties.

## Migration of the Helvetii

The Helvetii probably reached southern Germany around the year 111 BC and soon invaded Gaul. During their invasion of the Roman province Gallia Narbonensis, they defeated a Roman army under L. Cassius Longinus near Agendicum in 107 BC and killed the consul. They continued to march into Spain, Gaul, Noricum, and northern Italy. Suffering defeats in the year 102–101 BC the surviving Helvetii retreated across the Alps.

In 58 BC, the nobleman Orgetorix instigated a new Helvetian migration, in which the entire tribe was to leave their territory (which is now described as corresponding more or less to the Swiss plateau) and establish supremacy over all of Gaul. They marched from their villages, but were stalled by Julius Caesar on the banks of the Rhône. The Helvetii then marched around and across the Jura Mountains, to an area near the Aeduan oppidum Bibracte. There Caesar caught up and defeated the Helvetii in the Battle of Bibracte. This resulted in the Helvetii's retreat and the capture of most of their baggage by the Romans. Following their surrender, the Helvetii became *foederati*, an allied *civitas* required to provide soldiers, but not granted Roman citizenship.

The Helvetii likely lost their status as *foederati* six years later, when they supported Vercingetorix in 52 BC. Sometime between 50 and 45 BC, the Romans founded Colonia Iulia Equestris at the site of the Helvetian settlement Noviodunum (modern Nyon). This colony was most likely established as a means for controlling one of the two important military access routes between the Helvetian territory and the rest of Gaul, blocking passage through the Rhône valley and the Sundgau.

During the following half century, the Helvetii would become increasingly romanized. During this time, there were two settlements near where Aventicum would be founded. The first was the *oppidum* on Mont Vully between Lake Murten and Lake Neuchatel, which was given up in the 1st century BC. The second was the Bois de Châtel, which was fortified in the second half of the 1st century BC. The Bois de Châtel would be destroyed early in the 1st century AD and the population moved to Aventicum.

## Foundation of Aventicum

In the course of Augustus’ reign (27 BC – 14 AD), Roman dominance became more concrete. Some of the traditional Celtic *oppida* were now used as legionary garrisons, or relocated. While the exact date of the founding of Aventicum is not exact, it was likely established during or shortly after Augustus' reign.

By 5 AD there was a dock on the shore of Lake Murten, which is the first evidence of a settlement at Aventicum. A grave has also been discovered in the city that dates to 15 AD. During that time there was a small settlement built, in the north east corner of modern Avenches, in the Roman square style. However, this site can only be dated to the reign of Tiberius (14–37 AD). Aventicum would have grown in 16-17 AD as the Roman legion camp Vindonissa was built (today in Windisch, Aargau). Aventicum was a major location on the Roman road from Lausanne to Vindonissa.

During the reign of Claudius (41–54 AD), a trade route was completed spanning from Italy to the recently conquered province of Britannia over the Gotthard Pass. This route passed through Aventicum allowing the city to expand.

It later became part of Germania Superior and then part of the Diocletian province of Maxima Sequanorum. The former territories of the Helvetii and their inhabitants were, by this time, as romanised as the rest of Gaul.

## Creation of the Helvetii capital

In the 1st century AD Aventicum and the Helvetii land was incorporated into the Roman province of Gallia Belgica. Tacitus, writing about 69 AD, speaks of the Helvetians as originally a Gallic people, renowned for their valour and exploits in war, and he designates Aventicum *Caput gentis*, or capital of Helvetia. It acquired this title most probably on account of its comparatively advanced state of civilization and its conspicuous position on the main route between Italy and Germany. It was also the centre of a network of well used military roads. Aventicum and Nyon (*Colonia Equestris*) located on the shores of Lake Geneva were the starting points for all mile-stones in Helvetia.

During the first three-quarters of the 1st century AD, Aventicum became a center of the Imperial cult in the Civitas Helvetiorum. However, the Helvetii came into conflict once more with Rome shortly after the death of emperor Nero in 68 AD. Like the other Gallic tribes, the Helvetii were organised as a *civitas* and enjoyed a certain inner autonomy, including the defence of certain strongholds by their own troops. In the civil war and Year of Four Emperors which followed Nero's death, the *civitas Helvetiorum* supported Galba; unaware of his death, they refused to accept the authority of his rival, Vitellius. The Legio XXI Rapax, stationed in Vindonissa and favouring Vitellius, stole the pay of a Helvetian garrison, which prompted the Helvetians to intercept the messengers and detain a Roman detachment. Aulus Caecina Alienus, a former supporter of Galba who was now at the head of a Vitellian invasion of Italy, launched a massive punitive campaign, crushing the Helvetii at Mount Vocetius, killing and enslaving thousands. Aventicum was then besieged and quickly surrendered. The city was nearly ordered destroyed by the Romans, but owing to the pleas of one Claudius Cossus, a Helvetian envoy to Vitellius, and, as Tacitus puts it, "of well-known eloquence" the city was spared.

## Raised to a *Colonia*

During the Year of Four Emperors (69 AD) Vitellius, who nearly ordered Aventicum destroyed, was the third. The fourth, Vespasian, had a much more positive influence on Aventicum. While he was born in Falacrina, in the Sabine country near Reate. His father, Titus Flavius Sabinus, was a banker on a small scale in Aventicum, where Vespasian lived for some time. About two years after Vespasian was declared emperor, he raised Aventicum to the status of a *colonia*, granting exceptional civic status. A *colonia* was a town that was a specific residential location for legionaries who upon retirement were granted land and became citizens. This encouraged land development and stability and not least the extension of Roman culture. Previously, Aventicum had been the capital of a non-citizen nation. The increased prestige that being a *colonia* brought ushered in a golden age for Aventicum. During this time Aventicum was known as *Pia Flavia Constans Emerita*.

## Destruction and rediscovery

The Alemanni sacked the city in the 280s, and neither Aventicum nor its hinterland recovered from both the impact of the attack and the subsequent changes of the Roman frontier which no longer granted security to the area. By the collapse of Rome in the 5th century, this area was already fully under the control of Germanic tribes, whose dialects became the basis for Swiss German. In the 6th century some Christian life continued in the acropolis of the Roman town: the amphitheatre became a fortress as did the theatre. By the 7th century, however, the focus of the church had moved to Lausanne, Aventicum is only mentioned as an old ruined city though it had fallen into ruins previously. Over the following centuries it is mentioned but always as ruins.

In 1710, Marquard Wild was the first to argue that Aveticum had been the capital of Helvetia, and not Antre as was formerly believed. In 1783–86 the Marquess of Northampton led an archaeological expedition to Aventicum and in 1788 he put his discoveries on display. His discoveries encouraged many treasure seekers to travel to Aventicum to search for artefacts. In response to the finds, the Musée Vespasien was opened in 1824. In 1838, it was taken over by the Canton of Vaud, renamed the Roman Museum, and installed in the tower of the Amphitheatre.

In 1884, the association Pro Aventico was founded with a goal of discovering and preserving the ruins. Aventicum was a well-known location in the Grand Tour and J. M. W. Turner made a drawing of *Avenches: the Roman Column,'Le Cicognier'* in 1802, which shows the old town behind. Archaeology benefited curiously from the First and Second World Wars when foreigners interned in Switzerland, and local unemployed, were engaged to excavate the main buildings of the Roman city and to renovate and open to the public the theatre, "Cigognier" and the gates and one tower of the wall. With the advent of the national highway scheme in the late 1960s a programme of rescue archaeology was set up under the association Pro Aventico under the remarkably capable direction of Professor Hans Bogli, after whom the Roman museum has since been named. Early work uncovered the Forum and associated temple area including a possible "Capitolium".

In 1985, during the construction of the A1 highway, further portions of the Roman town were discovered. In 1987 the road was moved to avoid the site. Further and extensive work over the succeeding decades opened up much of the *insulae* – the rectangular street system of the focus of the Roman town. Much of the area within the walls was not a densely occupied city at all, but rather, like Rome itself, was occupied by "urban villas', large houses surrounded by substantial tracts of garden and small-holdings. The more recent work also uncovered a remarkable palace building, much of the centre of the Roman town, and outside the walls a canal and roadway leading from the nearby lake, doubtless assisting in the transport of stone from the Jura by lake and canal, and cemeteries and aqueducts outside the line of the Roman walls. Pro Aventico is also responsible for the constant round of restoration of the buildings opened up in the early part of the 20th century, including sections of the wall and the original Roman tower-raised and protected through its use as a mediaeval watch tower, and the northern gate.

Near to the line of the Roman walls, and benefiting from reuse of stone from the walls is the small Romanesque church in Donatyre, which possesses excellent early 12th century fresco paintings.

## Remains

### Amphitheatre

The Amphitheatre, as was common in the Roman Empire, was used for gladiator and animal combat as well as staged hunts. It served political, social and religious purposes and was a central feature of most Roman towns. As the capital city, the amphitheatre in Aventicum was quite large.

It was built in two stages, first about 130 AD then expanded around 165 AD. The first amphitheatre was built when the hillside was terraced. The arena floor was laid out and flattened. This first structure had 24 rows of seats built mostly of wood rising up the hillside. The stairs, the wall around the arena floor, the upper walls, and the entrances were built of stone. The outer walls of the amphitheatre measured 98.85 by 85.94 metres (324.3 ft × 282.0 ft) and the arena floor was 51.63 by 38.40 metres (169.4 ft × 126.0 ft). The first amphitheatre could hold about 9,000 people.

The second phase expanded the amphitheatre considerably. A total of 31 rows of stone seats were built, which increased the capacity to about 16,000. The walls were expanded and alcoves were added. On the east side a monumental main portal was built out of massive stone cubes. The expanded amphitheatre was (without the outer courtyard or the east main portal) 105.01 by 92.11 metres (344.5 ft × 302.2 ft), while the arena floor remained the same size. The outer walls were 18 metres (59 ft) high.

During the 4th century the amphitheater was abandoned and much of the structure was removed and used as construction material. In the 11th century the Bishop of Lausanne had a tower house built over the east entrance, starting at about the 20th row of benches. This tower is now the home of the Roman Museum.

### Theatre

The theatre was built during the early 2nd century in an area that was previously occupied by scattered houses. It was rebuilt and renovated numerous times, though details are unclear. In the last third of the 3rd century it was rebuilt as a fortified refuge and a moat was added. It was used for this purpose until the middle of the 4th century.

The theatre is built in the style of a classical Roman theatre, but does have some Gallo-Roman modifications. Both the *orchestra* and the *cavea* (spectator seating) are nearly horseshoe shaped. The actual stage is a simple wooden platform. The *scaenae frons* or background wall had three doors leading to the relatively small (10 by 7 metres (33 ft × 23 ft)) stage building (*postscaenium*) which is built projecting out behind the wall. The *scaenae frons* was built with a gap in the wall which showed the Cigognier Temple to the audience. The theatre was used for comedies and tragedies, but there is also a "cult niche" at the foot of the audience's section with the stage forming an altar. This indicates that the theatre may have also been used for "dedicating plays" for religious ceremonies.

The theatre is 106.25 metres (348.6 ft) wide and 66.4 metres (218 ft) deep. The *orchestra* area is 17.75 metres (58.2 ft) across and 21 metres (69 ft) deep. The capacity of the theatre was about 12,000 people, with over 50 rows for seating. It was entered through 11 *vomitoria* (covered entrances) which each had two arched passageways. At the bottom of the spectators seating there was a 1.6 metres (5.2 ft) wide box for the nobility.

### Cigognier Temple

The name of the temple (Cigognier) comes from a stork's nest that had occupied the top of a pillar since at least 1642. The nest was removed during a restoration in 1978, but the name has remained.

The Cigognier Temple was built as a massive and impressive temple and may have been the chief temple of the Imperial cult in the entire *civitas Helvetiorum* state. At the temple the Roman Empire, symbolized by the divine Emperor, would be worshipped by the citizens and inhabitants of the state. Supporting this theory, a gold bust of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius was found hidden in drains on the site of the temple. Additionally, the temple was laid out in the same manner as the Temple of Peace in Rome. Finally, the temple was built near the Theatre, which also may have had a role in the worship of the Emperor.

The temple was started in 98 AD, the first year of the reign of Emperor Trajan, according to dendrochronological analysis of the numerous oak posts that support the walls. It appears that the temple wasn't part of the original plan of Aventicum and so it may have been added under the direction of Trajan. Trajan had served with the Roman army along the Rhine, and after his ascension to the throne may have had the temple built to represent his power over the northern reaches of the Empire.

The temple was built with a wide inner courtyard with an avenue running along the long axis. The eight pillared portico of the temple rose high above the north courtyard. The actual temple was built on a high podium with a neighbouring seating area hall, with three rows of seats. A wall surrounded the entire complex except toward the south which formed the outer courtyard. The wall had a gate that connected the temple to the Theatre and the new, main east–west road in the city.

The Cigognier Temple is the largest temple in Aventicum. The outer dimensions were 111.58 by 118.80 metres (366.1 ft × 389.8 ft). The temple was 42.17 by 27.36 metres (138.4 ft × 89.8 ft), the height of the roof peak was 23.1 metres (76 ft) of which 2.4 metres (7.9 ft) is the height of the podium. The hall for the seating area was 64 by 83.35 metres (210.0 ft × 273.5 ft) and the roof height was 19.50 metres (64.0 ft), also with a 2.4 metres (7.9 ft) podium. The outer courtyard was 15.14 by 104.58 metres (49.7 ft × 343.1 ft).

### The Temple of the Grange-des-Dîmes (2nd century AD)

The Roman Temple of the Grange-des-Dîmes dates from the end of the 1st or the early 2nd century. It was built on the site of an earlier 1st-century gallic chapel. The temple is built in a typical Roman fashion, however the cella is nearly square instead of a more rectangular shape. The Temple is raised above the ground on a podium. The cella was surrounded by pillars and the entrance was crowned with a pediment. Inside the temple there was an altar, a fountain and four pillars that supported a canopy over a statue.

The temple was, most likely, dedicated to the Gallo-Roman god Mercurius Cissonius, a syncretic combination of Mercury and the gallic god Cissonius. The temple worships Mercury as the god of travellers and trade and being located on the main street through the city would have been visited by both. Its close proximity to the Cigognier Temple, the center of worship for the Imperial Cult, indicates that this temple was also an important one.

The temple is partly restored. A section of the foundation of the south wall of the cella, originally 10.8 by 9.4 metres (35 ft × 31 ft), and part of the podium, originally 20.2 by 20.4 metres (66 ft × 67 ft), are visible today. While the stairs leading up the podium are gone, the location of the altar and the fountain as well as the partially reconstructed canopy are also visible on the podium. The rear of the podium is on the north side of the Avenue Jomini. The rest of the temple site is covered by the Avenue, though the floor plan of the temple is laid out in stones embedded in the road. Based on reconstructions, many of the dimensions of the temple are known. The podium was 1.8 metres (5.9 ft) high, with a cella that was about 20 metres (66 ft) high and covered with a four sided roof. The cella is surrounded by a narrow colonnaded portico facade with pillars that are .51 metres (1.7 ft) in diameter, 4.5 metres (15 ft) high and the trusses above the pillars were 1.16 metres (3.8 ft) thick. The entrance to the temple was set off with 4 pillars (.89 metres (2.9 ft) in diameter).

### City wall and gates

The main road through Aventicum ran from east to west. The east gate was built during the reign of Vespasian. The gate was built to protect and control the road before the city walls were built.

### Baths

The Baths (known as *Thermen von En Perruet* or Baths at the Forum) were located directly east of the Forum of Aventicum. They were built during the expansion to a colony, sometime after 77 AD. They were financed by a wealthy romanized Helvetii family known as the Camilli.


abstract: The 1986 Prince Edward Island general election was held on April 21, 1986. The election resulted in the defeat of the two-term Progressive Conservative government by the Liberals led by Joe Ghiz. Ghiz, the son of a Lebanese store owner, went on to become the first Canadian premier that was not of complete European descent.

text:
# 1986 Prince Edward Island general election

The **1986 Prince Edward Island general election** was held on April 21, 1986.

The election resulted in the defeat of the two-term Progressive Conservative government by the Liberals led by Joe Ghiz. Ghiz, the son of a Lebanese store owner, went on to become the first Canadian premier that was not of complete European descent.

## Party standings

| **21** | **11** |
| --- | --- |
| **Liberal** | **PC** |

| Party | | Party Leader | Seats | | | Popular Vote | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1982 | | Elected | Change | # | % | Change |
|  | Liberal | Joe Ghiz | 11 | 21 | +10 | 75,187 | 50.3% | +4.5% |
|  | Progressive Conservative | James Lee | 21 | 11 | -10 | 68,062 | 45.5% | -8.2% |
|  | New Democratic | Jim Mayne | 0 | 0 | - | 5,965 | 4.0% | +3.5% |
|  | Independent | | - | 0 | - | 280 | 0.2% | +0.2% |
|

| Popular vote   Liberal  50.29%  PC  45.53%  New Democratic  3.99%  Others  0.19% |
| --- |

| Seats summary   Liberal  65.63%  PC  34.37% |
| --- |

## Members elected

The Legislature of Prince Edward Island had two levels of membership from 1893 to 1996 - Assemblymen and Councillors. This was a holdover from when the Island had a bicameral legislature, the General Assembly and the Legislative Council.

In 1893, the Legislative Council was abolished and had its membership merged with the Assembly, though the two titles remained separate and were elected by different electoral franchises. Assembleymen were elected by all eligible voters of within a district. Before 1963, Councillors were only elected by landowners within a district, but afterward they were elected in the same manner as Assemblymen.

### Kings

| District | Assemblyman | | Party | Councillor | | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1st Kings |  | Ross "Johnny" Young | Liberal |  | Albert Fogarty | Progressive
Conservative |
| 2nd Kings |  | Roddy Pratt | Progressive
Conservative |  | Francis O'Brien | Progressive
Conservative |
| 3rd Kings |  | A. A. "Joey" Fraser | Progressive
Conservative |  | Peter MacLeod | Progressive
Conservative |
| 4th Kings |  | Stanley Bruce | Liberal |  | Gilbert R. Clements | Liberal |
| 5th Kings |  | Arthur J. MacDonald | Liberal |  | Barry Hicken | Liberal |

### Prince

| District | Assemblyman | | Party | Councillor | | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1st Prince |  | Robert Morrissey | Liberal |  | Robert E. Campbell | Liberal |
| 2nd Prince |  | Keith Milligan | Liberal |  | Allison Ellis | Liberal |
| 3rd Prince |  | Léonce Bernard | Liberal |  | Edward Clark | Liberal |
| 4th Prince |  | Stavert Huestis | Liberal |
 | Prowse Chappel | Progressive
Conservative |
| 5th Prince |  | George McMahon | Progressive
Conservative |  | Peter Pope | Progressive
Conservative |

### Queens

| District | Assemblyman | | Party | Councillor | | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1st Queens |  | Marion Reid | Progressive
Conservative |  | Leone Bagnall | Progressive
Conservative |
| 2nd Queens |  | Gordon MacInnis | Liberal |  | Ron MacKinley | Liberal |
| 3rd Queens |  | Betty Jean Brown | Liberal |  | Tom Dunphy | Liberal |
| 4th Queens |  | Wilbur MacDonald | Progressive
Conservative |  | Lynwood MacPherson | Liberal |
| 5th Queens |  | Wayne Cheverie | Liberal |  | Tim Carroll | Liberal |
| 6th Queens |  | **Joseph Atallah Ghiz** | Liberal |  | Paul Connolly | Liberal |

## Sources

1. "Saltwire | Prince Edward Island". Archived from the original on September 17, 2019. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
2. "Provincial General Election Results, 1986" (PDF). Elections PEI. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 25, 2015. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
3. "Joseph A. Ghiz". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on October 21, 2016. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
4. Fred Driscoll. "History and Politics of Prince Edward Island" (PDF). Canadian Parliamentary Review. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 20, 2016.

## InfoBox

1986 Prince Edward Island general election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| ---  All 32 seats in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island
17 seats needed for a majority | |
| Turnout | 87.60% |
| First party Second party  **PC**   Leader Joe Ghiz James Lee  Party Liberal Progressive Conservative  Leader since October 24, 1981 November 7, 1981  Leader's seat 6th Queens 5th Queens *(lost)*  Last election 11 seats, 45.8% 21 seats, 53.7%  Seats won **21** 11  Seat change 10 10  Popular vote **75,187** 68,062  Percentage **50.3%** 45.5%  Swing 4.5pp 8.2pp | |
| ---  Seats won by each party per district. Voters elect two members (one Councillor and Assemblyman) from each of the 16 districts. | |
| ---  **Premier before election**
James Lee
Progressive Conservative **Premier after election**
Joe Ghiz
Liberal | |


title: Ernie Jones (footballer, born 1920)

abstract: William Ernest Arthur Jones was a professional footballer who played for Swansea Town, Tottenham Hotspur, Southampton, Bristol City, Rhyl and represented Wales at national level.

text:
# Ernie Jones (footballer, born 1920)

**William Ernest Arthur Jones** (12 November 1920 – 21 November 2002) was a professional footballer who played for Swansea Town, Tottenham Hotspur, Southampton, Bristol City, Rhyl and represented Wales at national level.

## Football career

Jones was born in Cwmbwrla, Swansea and grew up on Alice Street in Swansea, being a neighbour of fellow future Welsh internationals Jackie Roberts, Mel Nurse, John Charles and Mel Charles.

He began his football career as an amateur at Bolton Wanderers before joining Swansea Town in October 1943. He made 37 appearances and scored three times for the club in the 1946–47 season. The free scoring winger transferred to Tottenham Hotspur in October 1947 for a £7000 fee. He went on to appear in 57 matches and found the net on 16 occasions in all competitions between 1947 and 1948.

He left Spurs in May 1949 to join Southampton in a transfer deal which involved Alf Ramsey, where he featured in 44 games and scoring on four occasions. In November 1951 he transferred to Bristol City as a player/coach and played a further 50 matches and netting seven times between 1951 and 1954. Jones ended his senior career at Rhyl in the position of player/manager.

## International career

Jones played on four occasions for the Welsh national side.

## After football

After his football career ended, Jones settled in Bolton where he was employed by Hawker Siddeley. He died on November 21, 2002, nine days after his 82nd birthday.

## InfoBox

Ernie Jones
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | William Ernest Arthur Jones | | |
| Date of birth | (1920-11-12)12 November 1920 | | |
| Place of birth | Cwmbwrla, Wales | | |
| Date of death | 21 November 2002(2002-11-21) (aged 82) | | |
| Position(s) | Winger | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Cwmbwria Juniors | | |
|  | Manselton School | | |
| 1937–1938 | Swansea Town | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1938–1943 | Bolton Wanderers | 0 | (0) |
| 1943–1947 | Swansea Town | 37 | (3) |
| 1947–1949 | Tottenham Hotspur | 55 | (14) |
| 1949–1951 | Southampton | 44 | (4) |
| 1951–1953 | Bristol City | 50 | (7) |
| 1954 | Rhyl |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1946–1948 | Wales | 4 | (0) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 1954–1956 | Rhyl | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Erik Qvam

abstract: Erik Hafslo Qvam was a Norwegian military officer and writer. He was born in Kristiania as a son of customs inspector Eystein Hafslo Qvam (1865–1943) and Ragna Kathrine Erichsen (1872–1951). He was married to Friede Løvenskiold (1902–1948), the brother of Herman L. Løvenskiold and a daughter of Herman Løvenskiold, from 1928 to her death. From 1952 he was married to Nanna Burckhardt. He enrolled as a student in 1916, and reached the rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1919 and Captain in 1935. He attended the Norwegian Military College in 1921, and General Staff training in 1932. He served as a chief of staff in the General Staff, and received the Defence Medal 1940–1945 for active service in the Second World War. In 1946 he reached the rank of Colonel, and from 1946 to 1962 he headed the Nord-Trøndelag Infantry Regiment (IR13). The regiment contributed a battalion to the Independent Norwegian Brigade Group in Germany between 1947 and 1952. Qvam was a prolific writer on military and strategic questions. Smaller publications in the 1930s include Sannheten om militærvesenet (1930), Kan vi forsvare oss i en moderne krig (1930) and De store sosiale bevegelser i vår tid. In 1963 he released Randstaten Norge. He also ran the farm Gjævran from 1946 to 1965. The farm was then passed down to his son Eystein Hafslo Qvam. He died in April 1979 and was buried in Egge, Nord-Trøndelag.

text:
# Erik Qvam

**Erik Hafslo Qvam** (12 September 1897 – 13 April 1979) was a Norwegian military officer and writer.

He was born in Kristiania as a son of customs inspector Eystein Hafslo Qvam (1865–1943) and Ragna Kathrine Erichsen (1872–1951). He was married to Friede Løvenskiold (1902–1948), the brother of Herman L. Løvenskiold and a daughter of Herman Løvenskiold, from 1928 to her death. From 1952 he was married to Nanna Burckhardt.

He enrolled as a student in 1916, and reached the rank of Premier Lieutenant in 1919 and Captain in 1935. He attended the Norwegian Military College in 1921, and General Staff training in 1932. He served as a chief of staff in the General Staff, and received the Defence Medal 1940–1945 for active service in the Second World War. In 1946 he reached the rank of Colonel, and from 1946 to 1962 he headed the Nord-Trøndelag Infantry Regiment (IR13). The regiment contributed a battalion to the Independent Norwegian Brigade Group in Germany between 1947 and 1952.

Qvam was a prolific writer on military and strategic questions. Smaller publications in the 1930s include *Sannheten om militærvesenet* (1930), *Kan vi forsvare oss i en moderne krig* (1930) and *De store sosiale bevegelser i vår tid* (1934, reissued 1935 and 1939). In 1963 he released *Randstaten Norge*.

He also ran the farm Gjævran from 1946 to 1965. The farm was then passed down to his son Eystein Hafslo Qvam. He died in April 1979 and was buried in Egge, Nord-Trøndelag.


title: 1993–94 St Johnstone F.C. season

text:
# 1993–94 St Johnstone F.C. season

During the 1993–94 season, St Johnstone competed in the Scottish Premier Division, in which they finished 10th and were relegated to the 1994–95 Scottish First Division.

## Scottish Premier Division

### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 | Kilmarnock | 44 | 12 | 16 | 16 | 36 | 45 | 9 | 40 |  |
| 9 | Partick Thistle | 44 | 12 | 16 | 16 | 46 | 57 | 11 | | 40 |
| 10 | St Johnstone (R) | 44 | 10 | 20 | 14 | 35 | 47 | 12 | 40 | Relegation to the 1994–95 Scottish First Division |
| 11 | Raith Rovers (R) | 44 | 6 | 19 | 19 | 46 | 80 | 34 | | 31 |
| 12 | Dundee (R) | 44 | 8 | 13 | 23 | 42 | 57 | 15 | | 29 |

Source: RSSSF
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
(R) Relegated

### Matches

| Win | Draw | Loss |
| --- | --- | --- |

Scottish Premier Division results
| Date | Opponent | Venue | Result
F–A | Scorers | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7 August 1993 | Raith Rovers | A | 1–1 | Wright | 4,628 |
| 14 August 1993 | Rangers | H | 1–2 | Wright | 10,152 |
| 21 August 1993 | Dundee United | H | 1–1 | Torfason | 6,248 |
| 28 August 1993 | Aberdeen | A | 0–0 |  | 11,682 |
| 4 September 1993 | Motherwell | H | 3–0 | Wright (2, 1 pen.), Curran | 4,576 |
| 11 September 1993 | Kilmarnock | A | 0–0 |  | 5,670 |
| 18 September 1993 | Hibernian | H | 1–3 | Wright | 5,008 |
| 25 September 1993 | Dundee | H | 2–1 | Curran, Davies | 4,203 |
| 2 October 1993 | Partick Thistle | A | 1–4 | Davies | 3,402 |
| 6 October 1993 | Celtic | H | 2–1 | Davies (2) | 7,386 |
| 9 October 1993 | Heart of Midlothian | A | 1–1 | Wright (pen.) | 6,028 |
| 16 October 1993 | Rangers | A | 0–2 |  | 41,960 |
| 23 October 1993 | Raith Rovers | H | 1–1 | Torfason | 4,411 |
| 30 October 1993 | Dundee United | A | 0–2 |  | 6,275 |
| 6 November 1993 | Aberdeen | H | 1–1 | McGinnis | 5,757 |
| 9 November 1993 | Motherwell | A | 0–1 |  | 4,527 |
| 13 November 1993 | Partick Thistle | H | 1–3 | Curran | 3,548 |
| 20 November 1993 | Dundee | A | 1–0 | Moore | 4,714 |
| 27 November 1993 | Kilmarnock | H | 0–1 |  | 4,576 |
| 30 November 1993 | Hibernian | A | 0–0 |  | 4,996 |
| 4 December 1993 | Celtic | A | 0–1 |  | 15,941 |
| 11 December 1993 | Heart of Midlothian | H | 2–0 | Scott, Davies | 4,631 |
| 18 December 1993 | Rangers | H | 0–4 |  | 10,056 |
| 8 January 1994 | Aberdeen | A | 1–1 | Ferguson | 12,712 |
| 18 January 1994 | Raith Rovers | A | 1–1 | Torfason (pen.) | 3,693 |
| 22 January 1994 | Hibernian | H | 2–2 | Wright, Dodds | 6,466 |
| 25 January 1994 | Dundee United | H | 1–1 | Torfason | 5,758 |
| 5 February 1994 | Kilmarnock | A | 0–0 |  | 6,345 |
| 8 February 1994 | Motherwell | H | 2–1 | Dodds, Ferguson | 4,522 |
| 12 February 1994 | Dundee | H | 1–1 | Dodds | 5,517 |
| 5 March 1994 | Celtic | H | 0–1 |  | 8,622 |
| 19 March 1994 | Rangers | A | 0–4 |  | 43,228 |
| 22 March 1994 | Partick Thistle | A | 0–0 |  | 3,295 |
| 26 March 1994 | Raith Rovers | H | 2–0 | Dodds (2) | 4,550 |
| 30 March 1994 | Kilmarnock | H | 0–1 |  | 5,513 |
| 2 April 1994 | Hibernian | A | 0–0 |  | 6,628 |
| 6 April 1994 | Heart of Midlothian | A | 2–2 | Ferguson, Scott | 8,938 |
| 9 April 1994 | Dundee | A | 1–0 | Torfason | 2,871 |
| 16 April 1994 | Partick Thistle | H | 1–0 | Scott | 4,933 |
| 23 April 1994 | Heart of Midlothian | H | 0–0 |  | 6,762 |
| 27 April 1994 | Celtic | A | 1–1 | Dodds (pen.) | 10,602 |
| 30 April 1994 | Dundee United | A | 0–0 |  | 10,635 |
| 7 May 1994 | Aberdeen | H | 0–1 |  | 6,107 |
| 14 May 1994 | Motherwell | A | 1–0 | Inglis | 7,498 |

## Scottish Cup

| Win | Draw | Loss |
| --- | --- | --- |

Scottish Cup results
| Round | Date | Opponent | Venue | Result
F–A | Scorers | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Third round | 29 January 1994 | Hamilton Academical | H | 2–0 | Dodds, McMartin | 4,331 |
| Fourth round | 28 February 1994 | Stirling Albion | H | 3–3 | Dodds (2), Ferguson | 3,759 |
| Fourth round replay | 2 March 1994 | Stirling Albion | A | 2–0 | Scott, Ferguson | 2,452 |
| Quarter-final | 12 March 1994 | Aberdeen | H | 1–1 | Dodds | 8,447 |
| Quarter-final replay | 15 March 1994 | Aberdeen | A | 0–2 |  | 14,325 |

## Scottish League Cup

| Win | Draw | Loss |
| --- | --- | --- |

Scottish League Cup results
| Round | Date | Opponent | Venue | Result
F–A | Scorers | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Second round | 11 August 1993 | Clyde | A | 2–1 | Wright (pen.), Moore | 1,109 |
| Third round | 25 August 1993 | Airdrieonians | H | 0–2 |  | 3,406 |

## InfoBox

St Johnstone
| 1993–94 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Manager | Paul Sturrock |
| Stadium | McDiarmid Park |
| Scottish Premier Division | 10th (relegated) |
| Scottish Cup | Quarter-final |
| Scottish League Cup | Third round |
| Highest home attendance | 10,152 vs Rangers, Premier Division, 14 August 1993 |
| Lowest home attendance | 3,406 vs Airdrieonians, League Cup, 25 August 1993 |
| Average home league attendance | 5,877 |
|  | |


title: Esther (Weisgall opera)

abstract: Esther is an American opera in 3 acts composed by Hugo Weisgall, with a libretto by Charles Kondek. Esther was premiered by the New York City Opera in October 1993. The opera is about Esther's struggle as she becomes the queen of Persia, and her heroic triumph over the evil Prime Minister Haman and his plot of exterminating the Jews.

text:
# Esther (Weisgall opera)

***Esther*** is an American opera in 3 acts composed by Hugo Weisgall, with a libretto by Charles Kondek. *Esther* was premiered by the New York City Opera in October 1993. The opera is about Esther's struggle as she becomes the queen of Persia, and her heroic triumph over the evil Prime Minister Haman and his plot of exterminating the Jews.

## Background

Esther was a Jewish queen of the Persian Empire, the wife of Ahasuerus (also known as Xerxes I). Today, her story is best known through its telling in Jewish Scriptures and the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. As a result of Esther's intervention and influence, Mizrahi Jews lived in the Persian Empire for 2400 years thereafter. Jews established an annual feast, the feast of Purim, in memory of their deliverance. Weisgall is one of few composers to use the character Esther as a subject, including Palestrina, Handel, and Milhaud.

*Esther* was Weisgall's 10th and last opera. It was considered one of his most successful works, along with *Six Characters in Search of an Author*, which confirmed his reputation as a major 20th-century American composer. Despite the background and sources of the subject, Weisgall composed Esther with no discernible attempt to adapt Persian music or style in his opera. The opera remained post-modernist, with strong Second Viennese School influence, although not entirely atonal. Weisgall descended from four generations of cantors, including his father, and as a result, absorbed from an early age the musical traditions of the Jews of central Europe as well as the standard opera and song repertory, which influenced the writing for Esther.

## Premiere

Although Weisgall's *Esther* was originally commissioned by the San Francisco Opera, the project came to a halt in 1990. It was resurrected, however, by Christopher Keene and New York City Opera for their 50th anniversary celebration in 1993. The company's stunning yet simple production was praised by press across the states. Designed by Jerome Sirlin and lit by Jeff Davis, the premiere was conducted by Joseph Colaneri and directed by Christopher Mattaliano. A strong cast was led by Lauren Flanigan in the title role.

The opera was revived to open New York City Opera's 2009 season with Christopher Mattaliano and James Sirlin returning from the artistic team and Lauren Flanigan again singing the role of Esther.

## Reception

By all counts, the premiere of *Esther* was a great success. Both critical and audience reaction favored the new opera, performed as one of a festival of American operas. *The New York Times*' critic Edward Rothstein wrote, "The composer's triumph could not have been more complete." The New York Times wrote: "When Weisgall took curtain calls, the ovation was so thunderous, you would have thought that Verdi had risen from the dead."

Despite the enthusiastic reception of the premiere, *Esther* was not performed again by a major opera company until it opened the New York City Opera's 2009–10 season.

## Roles

| Role | Voice type | Premiere Cast,
October 8, 1993
(Conductor: Joseph Colaneri) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Esther | soprano | Lauren Flanigan |
| Gravedigger | bass | John Calvin West |
| Mordecai | baritone | Joseph Corteggiano |
| Bigthan | tenor | James Russell |
| Teresh | bass | Boyd Schlaefer |
| Servant | tenor | Steven Raiford |
| Vashti | mezzo-soprano | Robynne Redmon |
| Haman | Tenor | Allan Glassman |
| Xerxes | baritone | Eugene Perry |
| Hegai | countertenor | Thomas Mark Fallon |
| Reader | tenor | Michael Lockley |
| Zeresh | mezzo-soprano | Joyce Castle |

## Synopsis

**(3 Acts, 12 Scenes)**

The story unfolds in Susa, in ancient Persia. King Xerxes has banished Queen Vashti and is looking for a new wife. Esther, a beautiful Jewish maiden, is informed by her uncle Mordecai that she has been summoned to the court harem. Vashti seeks revenge for her banishment by plotting to have Xerxes poisoned. Mordecai discovers this plot and informs the King.

Haman, the King's Prime Minister, and his wife Zeresh plan to exterminate all the Jews in the entire kingdom on the 13th of Adar as retribution for Mordecai's unwillingness to bow to Haman. Xerxes, completely under Haman's influence, signs the edict.

Mordecai begs Esther, now the Queen, to ask Xerxes to intercede for the Jewish people, even though the law states that approaching the King unsummoned is a capital offense. When Esther approaches her husband, Xerxes pardons her, and grants her any favor she requests. Esther says she will reveal her wish at a banquet. There, Esther divulges that she is Jewish and demands that Haman and his sons be hanged. Since Xerxes cannot revoke his earlier edict against the Jews, she also asks that the Jews be allowed to defend themselves on the 13th of Adar. The Jews celebrate their survival and their gratitude to Esther.


title: Ethan McSweeny

abstract: Ethan McSweeny is an American theatre director. He served as artistic director of the American Shakespeare Center from 2018 to 2021.

text:
# Ethan McSweeny

**Ethan McSweeny** is an American theatre director. He served as artistic director of the American Shakespeare Center from 2018 to 2021.

## Early life and education

McSweeny is a native of Washington, D.C., the son of political journalists Dorothy and William F. McSweeney, who served as Lyndon B. Johnson's deputy chief of staff and later an executive vice president of Occidental Petroleum, heading its international division. His mother served as chairwoman of the DC Commission on the Arts and Humanities and the Mid Atlantic Arts Foundation. His siblings include former Federal Trade Commission Commissioner Terrell McSweeny.

McSweeny graduated from St. Albans School and received his B.A. from Columbia University in 1993 as the first graduate of the theater and dramatic art major of Columbia College. At Columbia, he studied theatre under Austin E. Quigley and directed two student productions, *Look Back in Anger* and *The Tempest*.

## Career

McSweeny returned to Washington after college and spent four years working as assistant director of The Shakespeare Theatre under Michael Kahn. In 1997, he landed his first engagement as a director of John Logan's *Never the Sinner* at the Signature Theatre in Arlington County, Virginia, then at Rep Stage in Howard County, Maryland, American Jewish Theatre, and the John Houseman Theatre in New York City. He has also worked as a freelance director at the Guthrie Theater, Old Globe Theatre, Studio Theatre, and The Alley Theater and was hailed as a "wunderkind" by *American Theatre* magazine in 2006. His Broadway credits included *The Best Man* and *A Time To Kill.*

McSweeney joined the American Shakespeare Center as artistic director in 2018, succeeding Jim Warren, who co-founded ASC and stepped down at the end of 2017. He previously co-directed Chautauqua Theater Company in Upstate New York for eight years with Vivienne Benesch. He won a Helen Hayes Award in 2018 for Outstanding direction in a play.

McSweeney stepped down in 2021 amidst budget cuts and complaints about the workplace climate from former employees.

## Personal life

McSweeney is married to stage actor Nancy Anderson, who received multiple Drama Desk Award, Laurence Olivier Award, and Helen Hayes Award nominations.

1. Paulson, Michael (2021-02-19). "Shakespeare Troupe to Go Without an Artistic Director". *The New York Times*. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
2. Marks, Peter (February 19, 2021). "Ethan McSweeny resigns as head of American Shakespeare Center amid financial peril and staff complaints". *The Washington Post*. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
3. Conroy, Sarah Booth (June 11, 2001). "For This Point of Light, a Torch". *The Washington Post*. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
4. "College's first theatre and dramatic art major directs Gore Vidal's The Best Man". *www.college.columbia.edu*. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
5. MARTINEZ, GEBE (2006-03-12). "TEXANS IN WASHINGTON: Work for arts picture-perfect". *Chron*. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
6. "Dorothy McSweeny". *Americans for the Arts*. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
7. Pressley, Nelson (July 8, 2011). "Director Ethan McSweeny, growing up on the way to 'Venice'". *The Washington Post*. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
8. Kleiman, Jaime (2006-07-01). "The Irresistible Rise of Ethan McSweeny". *AMERICAN THEATRE*. Retrieved 2022-07-17.
9. Pressley, Nelson (June 26, 2018). "Ethan McSweeny to head American Shakespeare Center in Staunton, Va". *The Washington Post*. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
10. Clement, Olivia (June 29, 2018). "Ethan McSweeny Named New Artistic Director of The American Shakespeare Center". *Playbill*. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
11. "The 2018 Helen Hayes Awards recipients". *The Washington Post*. May 14, 2018. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
12. Floyd, Thomas (November 28, 2018). "'Billy Elliot' actor Nancy Anderson gets coffee with Adam Schiff to kick off her D.C. dream day". *The Washington Post*. Retrieved July 17, 2022.

## InfoBox

| Ethan McSweeny | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Washington, D.C., United States |
| Education | Columbia University (BA) |
| Occupation(s) | Director, Artistic Director |
| Employer | American Shakespeare Center |
| Spouse | Nancy Anderson |
| Relatives | Terrell McSweeny (sister) |


title: 1985 in Zaire

abstract: The following lists events that happened during 1985 in Zaire.

text:
# 1985 in Zaire

The following lists events that happened during **1985 in Zaire**.

## Incumbents

## Events

| Date | event |
| --- | --- |
|  | Every Child Ministries of Indiana, USA, is established in Zaire |
|  | Mashamba East, an open pit copper mine near Kolwezi, starts operations. |

## Sources

* "Other mines and plants". Katanga Mining. Archived from the original on 2011-12-02. Retrieved 2021-04-18.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: | History of Zaire |


abstract: The 2008–09 Professional Arena Soccer League (PASL-Pro) is the inaugural season for the league. The PASL-Pro is the largest indoor soccer league, hosting 21 teams spreading from Canada, the United States of America, and the Mexico. All US soccer clubs were invited to play in the United States Open Cup for Arena Soccer which 25 PASL-Pro and PASL-Premier teams, respectively, played in, as well as future PASL-Pro team, the San Diego Sockers. The league kicked off at the Stockton Arena with the Stockton Cougars defeating the Colorado Lightning 10-5. The regular season concluded March 8, 2009 with three separate matches. On March 15, 2009 the Stockton Cougars won the inaugural championship 13-5 over 1790 Cincinnati. Stockton's goalkeeper, Jesus Molina, was named the playoffs MVP

text:
# 2008–09 Professional Arena Soccer League season

The **2008–09 Professional Arena Soccer League (PASL-Pro)** is the inaugural season for the league. The PASL-Pro is the largest indoor soccer league, hosting 21 teams spreading from Canada, the United States of America, and the Mexico. All US soccer clubs were invited to play in the United States Open Cup for Arena Soccer which 25 PASL-Pro and PASL-Premier teams, respectively, played in, as well as future PASL-Pro team, the San Diego Sockers.

The league kicked off at the Stockton Arena with the Stockton Cougars defeating the Colorado Lightning 10-5. The regular season concluded March 8, 2009 with three separate matches.

On March 15, 2009 the Stockton Cougars won the inaugural championship 13-5 over 1790 Cincinnati. Stockton's goalkeeper, Jesus Molina, was named the playoffs MVP

## Standings

As of March 15, 2009
2008-09 League Championship   2008-09 Playoff Team (**Bold** indicates Division Winner)

| Place | Team | GP | W/L | Pct | GF | GA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Eastern Conference | | | | | | | | |
|
| **1** | **1790 Cincinnati** | **16** | **13-3** | **0.813** | **142** | **75** |
| 2 | Texas Outlaws | 16 | 8-8 | .500 | 118 | 148 |
| 3 | St. Louis Illusion | 16 | 8-8 | .500 | 139 | 122 |
| 4 | Detroit Waza | 16 | 7-9 | .438 | 111 | 127 |
| Western Conference | | | | | | | | |
|
| **1** | **Stockton Cougars** | **16** | **12-4** | **.750** | **197** | **121** |
|
| 2 | Denver Dynamite | 16 | 9-7 | .563 | 133 | 126 |
| 3 | Colorado Lightning | 16 | 4-12 | .250 | 77 | 102 |
| 4 | Wenatchee Fire | 16 | 2-14 | .125 | 99 | 182 |
| Canadian Major Indoor Soccer League | | | | | | | | |
|
| **1** | **Edmonton Drillers** | **12** | **9-3** | **.750** | **82** | **80** |
| 2 | Calgary United FC | 16 | 8-8 | .500 | 109 | 84 |
|
| 3 | Saskatoon Accelerators | 11 | 5-6 | .455 | 60 | 53 |
| Liga Mexicana de Futbol Rapido Baja Division | | | | | | | | |
| **1** | **Cuernavaca** | **5** | **3-0-2** | **1.000** | **22** | **15** |
| 2 | Machado | 5 | 3-2 | .600 | 18 | 17 |
|
| 3 | La Cabana | 5 | 2-1-2 | .667 | 23 | 18 |
| 4 | Liverpool | 5 | 2-2-1 | .500 | 23 | 21 |
| 5 | Deportivo Lomas | 5 | 2-2-1 | .500 | 13 | 13 |
| 6 | UABC Ensenada | 5 | 0-5 | .000 | 0 | 15 |
| Liga Mexicana de Futbol Rapido Central Division | | | | | | | | |
|
| **1** | **Tigres Dorados MRCI Oaxaca** | **6** | **5-1** | **.833** | **51** | **24** |
| 2 | Auge del DF | 6 | 5-1 | .833 | 45 | 22 |
| 3 | Constructores de Chilpancingo | 6 | 2-4 | .3333 | 27 | 48 |
| 4 | Tecolapan del Estado de Mexico | 6 | 0-6 | .000 | 21 | 50 |

## 2009 PASL-Pro North American Finals (at Stockton, CA)

|  | Quarterfinals
March 13 | | |  |  | Semifinals
March 14 | | |  |  | Final
March 15 | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | | |  |  | 2 | **Stockton Cougars** | **10** |  |  | | | | |
|  | 3 | **Edmonton Drillers** | **8** |  |  | 3 | Edmonton Drillers | 9 |  | |
|  | 6 | La Cabana | 7 |  |  |  | | |  |  | 2 | **Stockton Cougars** | **13** |  |
|  |  | | |  |  | |  |  | 1 | 1790 Cincinnati | 5 |  |
|  |  | | |  |  | 1 | **1790 Cincinnati** | **10** |  |  |  | | |  |
|  | 4 | **Tigres Dorados MRCI Oaxaca** | **10** |  |  | 4 | Tigres Dorados MRCI Oaxaca | 6 |  | | ||
|  | 5 | Denver Dynamite | 9 |  |  | | | | | | ||

## Awards

| Award | Name | Team |
| --- | --- | --- |
| MVP | Brian Farber | Stockton Cougars |
| Coach of the Year | Craig Rhodis | 1790 Cincinnati |
| Playoffs MVP | Jesus Molina | Stockton Cougars |

### All-League First Team

| Name | Position | Team |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Justin McMillian | D | St. Louis Illusion |
| Garrett Buck | D | 1790 Cincinnati |
| Brian Farber | M | Stockton Cougars |
| Aaron Susi | F | Stockton Cougars |
| Elvir Kafedzic | F | St. Louis Illusion |
| Craig Salvati | GK | 1790 Cincinnati |

### All-League Second Team

| Name | Position | Team |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Jeff Hughes | D | 1790 Cincinnati |
| Pedro Lupercio | D | Stockton Cougars |
| Majell Aterado | M | Stockton Cougars |
| Shawn Rockey | M | 1790 Cincinnati |
| Junior Garcia | F | Wenatchee Fire |
| Bryan Klaus | GK | Calgary United F.C. |

## InfoBox

Professional Arena Soccer League
| Season | 2008–09 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Stockton Cougars |
| Top goalscorer | 40- Bernie Lillavois |
| Highest scoring | 31- Denver 22 Golden 9 3/1/09 |
| Longest winning run | 8- Cincinnati |
| Highest attendance | 3,971- Stockton, 2/5/09 |
| ← None 2009–10 | |


title: Arnold Morley

abstract: Arnold Morley was a British barrister and Liberal politician.

text:
# Arnold Morley

**Arnold Morley** (18 February 1849 – 16 January 1916) was a British barrister and Liberal politician.

## Background

Morley was a younger son of Samuel Morley and Rebekah Maria, daughter of Samuel Hope of Liverpool. Lord Hollenden was his elder brother.

## Political career

Morley was elected Member of Parliament for Nottingham at a by-election in 1880, and held the seat until the constituency was divided for the 1885 general election. He was then elected as MP for the new Nottingham East constituency, and held that seat until his defeat at the 1895 general election. He served under William Ewart Gladstone as Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury (chief government whip) between February and July 1886, and was then chief Liberal whip from 1886 to 1892 during the party's stay in opposition. When the Liberals returned to power under Gladstone in August 1892, Morley was sworn of the Privy Council and appointed Postmaster General, with a seat in the cabinet. He retained this post until 1895, the last year under the premiership of the Earl of Rosebery.

## Personal life

Morley died unmarried in January 1916, aged 66.

## InfoBox

| The Right HonourableArnold Morley | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury | |
| **In office**
6 February 1886  20 July 1886 | |
| Monarch | Queen Victoria |
| Prime Minister | William Ewart Gladstone |
| Preceded by | Aretas Akers-Douglas |
| Succeeded by | Aretas Akers-Douglas |
| Postmaster General | |
| **In office**
18 August 1892  21 June 1895 | |
| Monarch | Queen Victoria |
| Prime Minister | William Ewart Gladstone
The Earl of Rosebery |
| Preceded by | Sir James Fergusson, Bt |
| Succeeded by | The Duke of Norfolk |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 18 February 1849 (1849-02-18) |
| Died | 16 January 1916 (1916-01-17) (aged 66) |
| Nationality | British |
| Political party | Liberal |
|  | |


title: Astronaut (Duran Duran album)

abstract: Astronaut is the eleventh studio album by the English pop rock band Duran Duran, released on 28 September 2004 by Epic Records. It was Duran Duran's first studio album since Pop Trash (2000), and the first full album since Seven and the Ragged Tiger (1983) to be recorded by the most famous five-member lineup of the band. Astronaut received mixed reviews from critics but was nevertheless a commercial success, peaking at number 3 on the UK Albums Chart to become the band's highest-charting album in the UK since Seven and the Ragged Tiger in 1983. The album also peaked at 17 on the U.S. Billboard 200 and reached the top ten in six other countries. In 2021, the band signed a deal for the album with BMG which saw it being re-issued in the UK on various digital platforms.

text:
# Astronaut (Duran Duran album)

***Astronaut*** is the eleventh studio album by the English pop rock band Duran Duran, released on 28 September 2004 by Epic Records. It was Duran Duran's first studio album since *Pop Trash* (2000), and the first (and to date, last) full album since *Seven and the Ragged Tiger* (1983) to be recorded by the most famous five-member lineup of the band (the stand-alone 1985 single "A View to a Kill" was their last studio recording together).

*Astronaut* received mixed reviews from critics but was nevertheless a commercial success, peaking at number 3 on the UK Albums Chart to become the band's highest-charting album in the UK since *Seven and the Ragged Tiger* in 1983. The album also peaked at 17 on the U.S. *Billboard* 200 and reached the top ten in six other countries.

In 2021, the band signed a deal for the album with BMG (along with *Medazzaland*, *Pop Trash* and *Red Carpet Massacre*) which saw it being re-issued in the UK on various digital platforms.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 52/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Austin Chronicle* |  |
| *Billboard* |  |
| *The Encyclopedia of Popular Music* |  |
| *Entertainment Weekly* | B |
| *The Guardian* |  |
| *Los Angeles Times* |  |
| *NME* |  |
| *Rolling Stone* |  |
| *Uncut* |  |

*Astronaut* was met with "mixed or average" reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 52 based on 17 reviews.

Upon its release, the album was well received by *Billboard*, stating that "Duran Duran has a new lease on life, sounding more vibrant and exciting than it has in eons". Sarah Pratt in *Rolling Stone* also positively reviewed the album, describing it as "feel-good pop". Doug Brod in *Entertainment Weekly* found "Glistening zero-gravity synth-funk that's mostly unembarrassing and at times shockingly vital", while reviews in *NME* and *The Guardian* were largely negative. Dorian Lynskey in the latter publication finding "Duran Duran are adrift in an unforgiving sea of disco-dad dance-pop, anaemic vocals and lyrics too distressingly awful to repeat in a family newspaper." Matt Dentler of *The Austin Chronicle* called the album an "overproduced synth shuffle", going on to say "With too many songs trying too hard, Duranies will still go hungry for quality."

In a review for AllMusic, Andy Kellman wrote: "Even with a handful of forgettable songs beyond that, the album is easily the best one credited to the Duran Duran name since 1993's *Wedding Album*."

## Commercial performance

*Astronaut* debuted at number three on the UK Albums Chart and at number 17 on the US *Billboard* 200, with similar top-20 debuts elsewhere in the world. Meanwhile, the CD/DVD set debuted at number one on the *Billboard* Top Music Video chart. The album peaked at number 29 in Japan.

The first single, "(Reach Up for The) Sunrise", was released in the US on 30 August 2004 and in the UK on 4 October 2004. It debuted at number five on the UK Singles Chart. In late November, it topped the *Billboard* Hot Dance Club Play chart.

The second single, "What Happens Tomorrow", was released on 18 January 2005 in the US and on 31 January 2005 in the UK.

*Astronaut* has been certified "Gold" in the UK for sales of over 100,000 copies. It was certified Gold in Italy. As of 2008, it had sold around 260,000 copies in the US.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Duran Duran

*Astronaut* – standard edition
| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "(Reach Up for The) Sunrise" |  | 3:27 |
| 2. | "Want You More!" |  | 3:39 |
| 3. | "What Happens Tomorrow" | * Gilmore * Duran Duran | 4:06 |
| 4. | "Astronaut" | * Austin * Duran Duran | 3:26 |
| 5. | "Bedroom Toys" | * Duran Duran * Gilmore\[b\] * Rodgers\[b\] | 3:53 |
| 6. | "Nice" | * Gilmore * Duran Duran | 3:28 |
| 7. | "Taste the Summer" | * Duran Duran * Gilmore | 3:55 |
| 8. | "Finest Hour" | * Gilmore * Duran Duran | 3:57 |
| 9. | "Chains" | * Gilmore * Duran Duran | 4:48 |
| 10. | "One of Those Days" | * Austin * Duran Duran | 3:47 |
| 11. | "Point of No Return" | * Duran Duran * Rodgers | 4:59 |
| 12. | "Still Breathing" |  | 5:59 |

*Astronaut* – Japanese edition bonus track
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "Virus" | 4:07 |

**Notes**

* **^\[a\]**  signifies a vocal producer
* **^\[b\]**  signifies an additional producer
* **^\[c\]**  signifies a pre-production

## Personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of *Astronaut*.

### Duran Duran

### Additional musicians

* Mark Tinley – programming (track 12)
* Lily Gonzalez – additional percussion (tracks 3, 8, 12)
* Guy Farley – string arrangement (tracks 3, 8, 12)
* Sally Boyden – background vocals (track 1)
* Tessa Niles – background vocals (tracks 4, 5, 7)
* Jason Nevins – additional programming (track 1)

### Technical

* Duran Duran – executive production, production
* Don Gilmore – production (tracks 1–3, 6–9); additional production (tracks 5, 12); engineering (tracks 1–3, 5–9, 12)
* Nile Rodgers – vocal production (track 1); additional production (track 5); production (track 11)
* Dallas Austin – production (tracks 2, 4, 10), engineering (tracks 4, 10)
* Mark Tinley – pre-production, engineering (track 12)
* Jeremy Wheatley – mixing at Townhouse Studios, London
* Leon Zervos – mastering at Sterling Sound, New York City
* Rich Hilton – Pro Tools, engineering (track 11)
* Daniel Mendez – Pro Tools, additional engineering (tracks 1–3, 5–9, 12)
* Rick Sheppard – Pro Tools, additional engineering (tracks 4, 10)
* Francesco Cameli – engineering assistance (tracks 1–3, 5–9, 12)
* Richard Edgeler – engineering assistance (tracks 4, 10)
* Dean Barratt – engineering assistance (track 11)
* Jason Nevins – additional recording (track 1)

### Artwork

* Kristian Schuller – cover photography
* Richard Haughton – guitar photography
* FAILE – art
* Clarissa Tossin – art
* Sean Hogan – art
* Bernie Beca – art
* Patty Palazzo – art
* John Warwicker – creative direction, graphics remix
* Sara Syms – graphic art

## Charts

Chart performance for *Astronaut*
| Chart (2004) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 22 |
| Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria) | 27 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 40 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia) | 35 |
| Canadian Albums (*Billboard*) | 9 |
| Czech Albums (ČNS IFPI) | 53 |
| Danish Albums (Hitlisten) | 8 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 17 |
| European Albums (*Billboard*) | 4 |
| French Albums (SNEP) | 87 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100) | 23 |
| Greek International Albums (IFPI) | 6 |
| Irish Albums (IRMA) | 38 |
| Italian Albums (FIMI) | 2 |
| New Zealand Albums (RMNZ) | 29 |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 5 |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 41 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 21 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 3 |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 17 |

## Certifications

Certifications for *Astronaut*
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 100,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

Release history for *Astronaut*
| Region | Date | Format | Label | Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | 28 September 2004 | LP | Epic | E2 92900 |
| United Kingdom | 11 October 2004 | | CD | 517920 8 |
| | CD+DVD | | EPC 517920 3 |
| United States | 12 October 2004 | | CD | EK 92900 |
| | CD+DVD | | EK 93463 |
| South Korea | 15 October 2004 | CD | Sony | CPK 3348 (517920.6) |
| | Cassette | | CPT-3348 (517920.4) |
| Japan | 20 October 2004 | | CD | EICP 426 |
| | CD+DVD | | EICP-424-5 |
| United States | 29 March 2005 | DualDisc | Epic | EN 93512 |
| | 20 December 2005 | | SACD | 82876761752 |

## InfoBox

| Astronaut | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Duran Duran | |
| Released | 28 September 2004 (2004-09-28) |
| Recorded | 2001–2004 |
| Studio | Sphere (London) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 49:52 |
| Label | Epic |
| Producer |  |
| Duran Duran chronology | |
| *The Singles 1986–1995*
(2004) ***Astronaut***
(2004) *Red Carpet Massacre*
(2007) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Astronaut* | |
| 1. "(Reach Up for The) Sunrise"
Released: 30 August 2004 2. "What Happens Tomorrow"
Released: 18 January 2005 3. "Nice"
Released: 2005 | |
|  | |


abstract: The men's hammer throw at the 1971 European Athletics Championships was held in Helsinki, Finland, at Helsinki Olympic Stadium on 13 and 14 August 1971.

text:
# 1971 European Athletics Championships – Men's hammer throw

The **men's hammer throw** at the 1971 European Athletics Championships was held in Helsinki, Finland, at Helsinki Olympic Stadium on 13 and 14 August 1971.

## Medalists

| **Gold** | Uwe Beyer
*West Germany* |
| --- | --- |
| **Silver** | Reinhard Theimer
*East Germany* |
| **Bronze** | Anatoliy Bondarchuk
*Soviet Union* |

## Results

### Final

14 August

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Uwe Beyer | West Germany | 72.36 |  |
|  | Reinhard Theimer | East Germany | 71.80 |  |
|  | Anatoliy Bondarchuk | Soviet Union | 71.40 |  |
| 4 | Romuald Klim | Soviet Union | 70.64 |  |
| 5 | Walter Schmidt | West Germany | 70.54 |  |
| 6 | Sándor Eckschmiedt | Hungary | 69.74 |  |
| 7 | Jochen Sachse | East Germany | 69.74 |  |
| 8 | Stanisław Lubiejewski | Poland | 67.50 |  |
| 9 | Vasiliy Khmelevskiy | Soviet Union | 67.00 |  |
| 10 | Mario Vecchiato | Italy | 66.96 |  |
| 11 | Gyula Zsivótzky | Hungary | 64.94 |  |
|  | Lutz Caspers | West Germany | NM |  |

### Qualification

13 August

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Gyula Zsivótzky | Hungary | 71.58 | **Q** |
| 2 | Reinhard Theimer | East Germany | 71.44 | **Q** |
| 3 | Sándor Eckschmiedt | Hungary | 69.98 | **Q** |
| 4 | Anatoliy Bondarchuk | Soviet Union | 69.42 | **Q** |
| 5 | Vasiliy Khmelevskiy | Soviet Union | 68.32 | **Q** |
| 6 | Jochen Sachse | East Germany | 68.24 | **Q** |
| 7 | Romuald Klim | Soviet Union | 67.90 | **Q** |
| 8 | Lutz Caspers | West Germany | 67.02 | **Q** |
| 9 | Uwe Beyer | West Germany | 66.98 | **Q** |
| 10 | Walter Schmidt | West Germany | 66.90 | **Q** |
| 11 | Stanisław Lubiejewski | Poland | 66.18 | **Q** |
| 12 | Mario Vecchiato | Italy | 66.02 | **Q** |
| 13 | István Encsi | Hungary | 65.96 |  |
| 14 | Ernst Ammann | Switzerland | 65.74 |  |
| 15 | Howard Payne | Great Britain | 65.54 |  |
| 16 | Jacques Accambray | France | 65.50 |  |
| 17 | Srećko Štiglić | Yugoslavia | 65.14 |  |
| 18 | Risto Miettinen | Finland | 64.12 |  |
| 19 | Vladimir Prikhodko | France | 63.48 |  |
| 20 | Sune Blomqvist | Sweden | 62.68 |  |
| 21 | Hans Pötsch | Austria | 62.60 |  |
| 22 | Barry Williams | Great Britain | 60.56 |  |
|  | Carlos Sustelo | Portugal | NM |  |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 23 athletes from 14 countries participated in the event.

## InfoBox

| Men's hammer throw
at the European Athletics Championships | |
| --- | --- |


title: Axis & Allies: Europe 1940

abstract: Axis & Allies: Europe 1940 is a 2010 board wargame simulating the European Theatre of World War II at the strategic level. Axis & Allies: Europe 1940 is part of the Axis & Allies family of games and is an update of an earlier game, Axis & Allies: Europe. It was created by Larry Harris and published by Avalon Hill, a division of Wizards of the Coast, which is a subsidiary of Hasbro.

text:
# Axis & Allies: Europe 1940

***Axis & Allies: Europe 1940*** is a 2010 board wargame simulating the European Theatre of World War II at the strategic level.

*Axis & Allies: Europe 1940* is part of the *Axis & Allies* family of games and is an update of an earlier game, *Axis & Allies: Europe*. It was created by Larry Harris and published by Avalon Hill, a division of Wizards of the Coast, which is a subsidiary of Hasbro.

## Gameplay

The game board is a map of Europe. Players take turns moving pieces representing military units on the board and engaging in simulated combat. There is also a production system for creating new units.

In *Axis & Allies: Europe 1940*, players take the role of an Axis power (Germany or Italy) or an Allied power (the United Kingdom, the United States, or the Soviet Union). Vichy France is also considered a major power, it is part of the Axis as the game takes place just after the Battle of France, but once it's conquered by an Allied player, France is considered to be "liberated" and is controlled by the United Kingdom, who represents Free France.

The objective of the Axis players is to capture a certain number of cities from a specified list, while the Allied players must capture Berlin and Rome to win the game. Each player also strives to achieve certain national objectives, which are separate for each player.

## New features introduced

Features in *Axis & Allies: Europe 1940* not seen in earlier *Axis & Allies* series games include:

* **France** — for the first time in an *Axis & Allies* game, France is an independent, major power.
* **Declarations of War** — unlike previous *Axis & Allies* games, which begin at a later date when all powers are at full hostilities, two powers — the United States and the Soviet Union — are at peace at the beginning of the game. The Axis powers may declare war on them at any time, while the United States may not declare war until the collect–income phase of its third turn, and the Soviet Union not until the combat move phase of its fourth turn.
* **Neutral territories** — there are three different types of neutral territories:
    + Pro–Axis Neutrals are considered friendly to Axis powers. Any Axis power may move land units into these territories in its non–combat move phase, which converts the standing armies of that territory into equivalent units of the occupying power. Pro–Axis Neutrals may be attacked by any Allied power without further consequences.
    + Pro–Allied Neutrals follow the same rules as the Pro–Axis neutrals, except only Allied powers may move into and convert them.
    + True Neutrals are not considered friendly to anyone. If any power attacks a True Neutral, every other True Neutral becomes friendly to the other side. For example, if the UK attacks the True Neutral Sweden, every other True Neutral becomes a Pro–Axis Neutral.
* **New Units** — two new units are introduced to the *Axis & Allies* series: the tactical bomber, an air unit which is smaller and more maneuverable than the standard bomber and is designed to cooperate with land units, and mechanized infantry, which has the combat abilities of infantry and the movement abilities of armor.
* **Facilities** — the industrial complex is divided into major and minor complexes, with varying construction costs, requirements, and unit deployment capabilities. Air bases and naval bases are also present in the game, enhancing the abilities of air and sea units.
* **Repairs** — battleships and aircraft carriers (which can now also endure two hits) are not immediately repaired at the end of a battle. Instead, they must be taken to a sea zone adjacent to a naval base, where they are repaired at the start of the player's next turn.

## Global game

*Axis & Allies: Europe 1940* may be combined with *Axis & Allies: Pacific 1940*, with some changes in the setup, rules, starting income, and national objectives, to form a single game with a game board roughly 180 centimetres (5.9 ft) by 80 centimetres (2.6 ft) in area.

## InfoBox

Axis & Allies: Europe 1940
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Designers | Larry Harris |
| Publishers | Avalon Hill |
| Publication | August 24, 2010 |
| Players | 2–6 |
| Setup time | 15 minutes |
| Playing time | 2–8 hours |
| Chance | medium |
| Skills | strategy, logistics |
| Website | http://www.wizards.com/default.asp?x=ah/prod/europe1940 |


abstract: The 16th European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held in Moscow, Soviet Union, in 1987.

text:
# 1987 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships

The **16th European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships** were held in Moscow, Soviet Union, in 1987.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Seniors** | | | |
| All-Around
 | Daniela Silivaș (ROU) | Aleftina Pryakhina (URS) | Elena Shushunova (URS)
Diana Dudeva (BUL) |
| Vault
 | Elena Shushunova (URS) | Daniela Silivaș (ROU) | Eugenia Golea (ROU) |
| Uneven Bars
 | Daniela Silivaș (ROU) | Diana Dudeva (BUL) | Dörte Thümmler (GDR) |
| Balance Beam
 | Daniela Silivaș (ROU) | Eugenia Golea (ROU) | Anja Wilhelm (FRG) |
| Floor
 | Daniela Silivaș (ROU) | Camelia Voinea (ROU) | Aleftina Pryakina (URS) |

### All-around

| Rank | Gymnast |  |  |  |  | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Daniela Silivaș (ROU) | 9.900 | 9.925 | 9.950 | **10.000** | 39.775 |
|  | Aleftina Pryakhina (URS) | 9.900 | 9.900 | 9.800 | 9.875 | 39.475 |
|  | Diana Dudeva (BUL) | 9.750 | 9.900 | 9.725 | 9.825 | 39.200 |
|  | Elena Shushunova (URS) | 9.900 | 9.500 | 9.900 | 9.900 | 39.200 |
| 5 | Eugenia Golea (ROU) | 9.500 | 9.775 | 9.800 | 9.750 | 39.175 |
| 6 | Boriana Stoyanova (BUL) | 9.825 | 9.800 | 9.400 | 9.825 | 38.850 |
| 7 | Martina Jentsch (GDR) | 9.675 | 9.750 | 9.575 | 9.750 | 38.750 |
| 8 | Camelia Voinea (ROU) | 9.700 | 9.725 | 9.175 | 9.950 | 38.550 |
| 8 | Laura Muñoz (ESP) | 9.725 | 9.575 | 9.550 | 9.700 | 38.550 |
| 10 | Astrid Heese (GDR) | 9.650 | 9.850 | 9.550 | 9.225 | 38.275 |
| 10 | Svetlana Baitova (URS) | 9.850 | 9.325 | 9.250 | 9.850 | 38.275 |
| 12 | Anja Wilhelm (FRG) | 9.550 | 9.375 | 9.700 | 9.625 | 38.250 |
| 12 | Karine Boucher (FRA) | 9.625 | 9.550 | 9.350 | 9.725 | 38.250 |
| 14 | Beáta Storczer (HUN) | 9.525 | 9.775 | 9.500 | 9.800 | 38.150 |
| 15 | Dörte Thümmler (GDR) | 9.575 | 9.875 | 9.050 | 9.600 | 38.100 |
| 16 | Catherine Romano (FRA) | 9.375 | 9.525 | 9.450 | 9.675 | 38.025 |
| 17 | Karine Degret (FRA) | 9.700 | 9.400 | 9.425 | 9.450 | 37.975 |
| 18 | Christine Wetzel (FRG) | 9.600 | 9.650 | 9.000 | 9.525 | 37.775 |
| 19 | Eva Rueda (ESP) | 9.500 | 9.500 | 9.150 | 9.575 | 37.725 |
| 20 | Zsuzsa Csisztu (HUN) | 9.525 | 9.675 | 8.900 | 9.475 | 37.575 |
| 21 | Andrea Ladányi (HUN) | 9.450 | 8.825 | 9.525 | 9.725 | 37.525 |
| 22 | Jana Casteckova (TCH) | 9.150 | 9.175 | 9.550 | 9.450 | 37.325 |
| 23 | Joanna Zapolska (POL) | 9.375 | 9.250 | 8.925 | 9.650 | 37.275 |
| 24 | Lisa Elliott (GBR) | 9.550 | 9.425 | 8.575 | 9.650 | 37.200 |
| 25 | Antoanetta Ivanova (BUL) | 9.675 | 9.550 | 9.375 | 8.525 | 37.125 |
| 26 | Birgit Schier (GDR) | 9.375 | 9.600 | 8.750 | 9.375 | 37.100 |
| 27 | Karen Hargate (GBR) | 9.500 | 9.400 | 8.650 | 9.525 | 37.075 |
| 28 | Stefanie Tautz (FRG) | 9.450 | 8.975 | 9.125 | 9.450 | 37.000 |
| 29 | Alena Dřevjaná (TCH) | 9.425 | 9.475 | 9.050 | 9.000 | 36.950 |
| 29 | Nicoletta Dessena (SUI) | 9.225 | 9.275 | 8.925 | 9.525 | 36.950 |

### Vault Final

| Rank | Gymnast | Total |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Elena Shushunova (URS) | 19.856 |
|  | Daniela Silivaș (ROM) | 19.808 |
|  | Eugenia Golea (GDR) | 19.700 |
| 4 | Laura Muñoz (ESP) | 19.531 |
| 5 | Diana Dudeva (BUL) | 19.508 |
| 6 | Karine Degret (FRA) | 19.500 |
| 7 | Aleftina Pryakhina (URS) | 19.488 |
| 8 | Boriana Stoyanova (BUL) | 19.356 |

### Uneven bars

| Rank | Gymnast | Total |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Daniela Silivaș (ROM) | 19.900 |
|  | Diana Dudeva (BUL) | 19.838 |
|  | Dörte Thümmler (GDR) | 19.788 |
| 4 | Aleftina Pryakhina (URS) | 19.763 |
| 5 | Astrid Heese (GDR) | 19.675 |
| 6 | Boriana Stoyanova (BUL) | 19.613 |
| 7 | Eugenia Golea (ROM) | 19.538 |
| 8 | Beáta Storczer (HUN) | 19.500 |

### Balance beam

| Rank | Gymnast | Total |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Daniela Silivaș (ROM) | 19.875 |
|  | Eugenia Golea (ROM) | 19.663 |
|  | Anja Wilhelm (FRG) | 19.400 |
| 4 | Elena Shushunova (URS) | 19.375 |
| 5 | Laura Muñoz (ESP) | 19.163 |
| 6 | Aleftina Pryakhina (URS) | 19.150 |
| 7 | Diana Dudeva (BUL) | 18.988 |
| 8 | Martina Jentsch (GDR) | 18.725 |

### Floor exercise

| Rank | Gymnast | Total |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Daniela Silivaș (ROM) | **20.000** |
|  | Camelia Voinea (ROM) | 19.938 |
|  | Aleftina Pryakhina (URS) | 19.750 |
| 4 | Boriana Stoyanova (BUL) | 19.688 |
| 5 | Beáta Storczer (HUN) | 19.638 |
| 6 | Martina Jentsch (GDR) | 19.588 |
| 7 | Elena Shushunova (URS) | 19.388 |
| 8 | Diana Dudeva (BUL) | 18.675 |


title: Aonla Assembly constituency

abstract: Aonla Assembly constituency is one of the 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India. It is a part of the Bareilly district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the Aonla Lok Sabha constituency. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1952 after the "DPACO (1951)" was passed in 1951. After the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order" was passed in 2008, the constituency was assigned identification number 126.

text:
# Aonla Assembly constituency

**Aonla Assembly constituency** is one of the 403 constituencies of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India. It is a part of the Bareilly district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the Aonla Lok Sabha constituency. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1952 after the "DPACO (1951)" (delimitation order) was passed in 1951. After the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order" was passed in 2008, the constituency was assigned identification number 126.

## Wards / Areas

Extent of Aonla Assembly constituency is KCs Aonla, Aliganj, Siroli, Aonla NPP & Siroli NP of Aonla Tehsil.

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Year | Member | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1952 | Nawal Kishore |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1957 | | | |
| 1962 | | | |
| 1967 | D. Prakash |  | Bharatiya Jana Sangh |
| 1969 | Kesho Ram |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1974 | Shyam Bihari Singh |  | Bharatiya Jana Sangh |
| 1977 | |  | Janata Party |
| 1980 | Kalyan Singh |  | Indian National Congress (I) |
| 1985 | Shyam Bihari Singh |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 1989 | | | |
| 1991 | | | |
| 1993 | Mahipal Singh Yadav |  | Samajwadi Party |
| 1996 | Dharm Pal Singh |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2002 | | | |
| 2007 | Radha Krishna |  | Bahujan Samaj Party |
| 2012 | Dharm Pal Singh |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 2017 | | | |
| 2022 | | | |

## Election results

### 2022

2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Aonla
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | BJP | Dharampal Singh | 88956 | 46.45 |  |
|  | SP | RADHA KRISHAN SHARMA | 70532 | 36.83 |  |
|  | BSP | LAXMAN PRASAD | 18773 | 9.8 |  |
|  | INC | Omveer Yadav | 2307 | 1.2 |  |
|  | NOTA | None of the Above | 1211 | .63 |  |
| Turnout | | | 191509 |  |  |

### 2012

16th Vidhan Sabha: 2012 General Elections

2012 General Elections: Aonla
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | BJP | Dharmpal Singh | 50,782 | 30.85 |  |
|  | SP | Mahipal Singh Yadav | 46,374 | 28.17 |  |
|  | BSP | Sajid Ali Khan | 41,082 | 24.96 |  |
|  |  | Remainder 15 candidates | 26,375 | 16.04 |  |
| Majority | | | 4,408 | 2.68 |  |
| Turnout | | | 164,613 | 66.3 |  |
|  | BJP **gain** from BSP | | Swing |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Aonla | |
| --- | --- |
| Constituency No. 126 for the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly | |
|  | |
| Constituency details | |
| Country | India |
| Region | North India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District | Bareilly |
| Total electors | 3,49,275 (2022) |
| Reservation | None |
| Member of Legislative Assembly | |
| 18th Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly | |
| **Incumbent**  **Dharmpal Singh** | |
| Party | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| Elected year | 2022 |


title: Asura aureata

abstract: Asura aureata is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in India.

text:
# Asura aureata

***Asura aureata*** is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in India.

## InfoBox

| *Asura aureata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Asura* |
| Species: | ***A. aureata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Asura aureata***<br>Rothschild, 1913 | |
|


title: Eric Staves

abstract: Eric Staves is an American actor. He is best known for his character on the film Goat where played the character Ben Baity.

text:
# Eric Staves

**Eric Staves** (born November 30, 1990) is an American actor. He is best known for his character on the film *Goat* where played the character Ben Baity.

## Personal life

Staves was born November 30, 1990, in Liberty, Missouri. He graduated from Liberty High School, where he was a three-year letterman for the football team, He was also on the forensics and debate team where he was a Missouri state champion. In 2008, Staves earned the coveted Eagle Scout award from the Boy Scouts of America.

## Filmography

Film & Television
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | *Per Capita* | Server | short film |
| 2012 | *Onion Syrup* | DJ Derrick Star |  |
| 2014 | *The Dreamers* | Zaith | Season 1 Episode 8 |
| 2013-2015 | *The Platoon of Power Squadron* | Danny | TV series |
| 2016 | *Goat* | Ben Baity |  |
| 2016 | *The View from Tall* | Brett |  |
| 2016 | *Monsters Anonymous* | The Count | short film |
| 2017 | *Chicago Med* | Ike | "Uncharted Territory" Season 2, Episode 9 |
| 2018 | *Grey's Anatomy* | Luke | "Games People Play" Season 14, Episode 14 |
| 2018 | *Animator* | Waiter |  |
| 2018 | *Snowfall* | LAPD Dillon | "Aftermath" Season 2 Episode 9 |
| 2019 | *American Horror Story: 1984* | Dustin | Episode: "Episode 100" |
| 2020 | *Ancient Ashes and Selfies* | Ben | Production |
| 2020 | *Dirty John* | Drew | Episode: "Episode 2.3" |
| 2021 | *Station 19* | Tad | Episode: "Make No Mistake, He's Mine" Season 4 Episode 8 |
| 2021 | *The Devil Comes to Kansas City* | Levi Johnson |  |

## InfoBox

| Eric Staves | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1990-11-30) November 30, 1990<br>Liberty, Missouri, United States |
| Education | DePaul University |
| Occupation | * Actor |
| Years active | 2009–present |


title: Banking Nature

abstract: Banking Nature is a documentary that looks at the growing movement to monetize the natural world and to turn endangered species and threatened areas into instruments of profit.

text:
# Banking Nature

***Banking Nature*** is a documentary that looks at the growing movement to monetize the natural world and to turn endangered species and threatened areas into instruments of profit.

## Synopsis

Sandrine Feydel and Denis Delestrac delve into the world of green banking in this documentary, reporting that investors buy up the habitats of endangered species and then sell them in the form of shares. The film includes a montage of images of nature, reflective voice-overs and interviews with bankers, economists, activists and policymakers. The economist Pavan Sukhdev is interviewed, saying nature can best be protected by sticking a price tag on it. Pablo Solon is interviewed saying this subjecting of nature to free market forces as a "license to kill" it. Vandana Shiva is also interviewed.

## InfoBox

| *Banking Nature* | |
| --- | --- |
| Written by | Denis Delestrac
Sandrine Feydel |
| Directed by | Denis Delestrac
Sandrine Feydel |
| Music by | Stéphane Lopez |
| Country of origin | France |
| Original languages | English
French |
| Production | |
| Producer | Via Découvertes |
| Editor | Guillaume Quignard |
| Running time | 88 minutes |
| Production company | ARTE France |
| Original release | |
| Release | February 3, 2015 (2015-02-03) |


abstract: The men's marathon at the 1971 European Athletics Championships was held in Helsinki, Finland, on 15 August 1971.

text:
# 1971 European Athletics Championships – Men's marathon

The **men's marathon** at the 1971 European Athletics Championships was held in Helsinki, Finland, on 15 August 1971.

## Medalists

| **Gold** | Karel Lismont
*Belgium* |
| --- | --- |
| **Silver** | Trevor Wright
*Great Britain* |
| **Bronze** | Ron Hill
*Great Britain* |

## Results

### Final

15 August

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Karel Lismont | Belgium | 2:13:09.0 | **CR** |
|  | Trevor Wright | Great Britain | 2:13:59.62 |  |
|  | Ron Hill | Great Britain | 2:14:34.83 |  |
| 4 | Colin Kirkham | Great Britain | 2:16:22.0 |  |
| 5 | Gaston Roelants | Belgium | 2:17:48.85 |  |
| 6 | Pentti Rummakko | Finland | 2:17:58.86 |  |
| 7 | Lutz Philipp | West Germany | 2:18:08.6 |  |
| 8 | Agustín Fernández | Spain | 2:18:26.6 |  |
| 9 | Kalle Hakkarainen | Finland | 2:18:45.0 |  |
| 10 | Gyula Tóth | Hungary | 2:18:59.6 |  |
| 11 | Danny McDaid | Ireland | 2:19:07.2 |  |
| 12 | Antonio Brutti | Italy | 2:19:34.8 |  |
| 13 | Yuriy Volkov | Soviet Union | 2:19:56.6 |  |
| 14 | Bernard Caraby | France | 2:19:59.0 |  |
| 15 | Armando Aldegalega | Portugal | 2:20:01.2 |  |
| 16 | İsmail Akçay | Turkey | 2:20:26.8 |  |
| 17 | Giacomo Marietta | Italy | 2:21:30.0 |  |
| 18 | Fleming Kempel | Denmark | 2:21:34.8 |  |
| 19 | Yury Velikorodnykh | Soviet Union | 2:21:59.0 |  |
| 20 | Anatoliy Baranov | Soviet Union | 2:22:16.0 |  |
| 21 | Zdzisław Bogusz | Poland | 2:22:16.0 |  |
| 22 | Maurice Peiren | Belgium | 2:22:36.4 |  |
| 23 | Juan Hidalgo | Spain | 2:22:42.4 |  |
| 24 | Jan Wawrzuta | Poland | 2:23:51.6 |  |
| 25 | Manfred Steffny | West Germany | 2:24:05.6 |  |
| 26 | Jørgen Jensen | Denmark | 2:24:33.2 |  |
| 27 | Einar Weidemann | Norway | 2:24:54.0 |  |
| 28 | Mario Binato | Italy | 2:24:57.8 |  |
| 29 | René Combes | France | 2:25:35.6 |  |
| 30 | Hüseyin Aktaş | Turkey | 2:25:39.8 |  |
| 31 | Mogens Findal | Denmark | 2:26:04.2 |  |
| 32 | Jean-Pierre Spengler | Switzerland | 2:26:12.8 |  |
| 33 | Carlos Pérez | Spain | 2:26:53.6 |  |
| 34 | Bent Natvig | Norway | 2:28:12.6 |  |
| 35 | Ulf Håkansson | Sweden | 2:28:37.8 |  |
| 36 | Geert Jansen | Netherlands | 2:29:14.4 |  |
| 37 | Sven-Olof Lindvall | Sweden | 2:30:38.6 |  |
| 38 | Helmuth Kunisch | Switzerland | 2:30:42.4 |  |
| 39 | Patrick Coyle | Ireland | 2:30:45.0 |  |
| 40 | Josef Gwerder | Switzerland | 2:33:06.6 |  |
| 41 | Lajos Mecser | Hungary | 2:34:35.2 |  |
|  | Pat McMahon | Ireland | DNF |  |
|  | Peter Fredriksson | Sweden | DNF |  |
|  | Bjarne Sletten | Norway | DNF |  |
|  | Seppo Tuominen | Finland | DNF |  |
|  | Paul Angenvoorth | West Germany | DNF |  |
|  | Nedo Farčić | Yugoslavia | DNF |  |
|  | Fernand Kolbeck | France | DNF |  |
|  | Georg Förster | Austria | DNF |  |
|  | Jürgen Busch | East Germany | DNF |  |
|  | Edward Stawiarz | Poland | DNF |  |
|  | Janos Szerenyi | Hungary | DNF |  |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 52 athletes from 21 countries participated in the event.

## InfoBox

| Men's marathon
at the European Athletics Championships | |
| --- | --- |


title: 1968 UCI Road World Championships

abstract: The 1968 UCI Road World Championships took place from 31 August-1 September 1968 in Imola, Italy, on a 75 km circuit starting and arriving at the "Enzo and Dino Ferrari" auto racing circuit. The amateur races were held from 7-10 November in Montevideo, Uruguay.

text:
# 1968 UCI Road World Championships

The **1968 UCI Road World Championships** took place from 31 August-1 September 1968 in Imola, Italy (for professionals), on a 75 km circuit starting and arriving at the "Enzo and Dino Ferrari" auto racing circuit. The amateur races were held from 7-10 November in Montevideo, Uruguay.

## Results

| **Race:** | **Gold:** | Time | **Silver:** | Time | **Bronze :** | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Men** | | | | | | |
| Men's road race
 | **Vittorio Adorni**
Italy | 7 h 27 min 39s | Herman Van Springel
Belgium | \+ 9 min 50s | Michele Dancelli
Italy | \+ 10 min 18s |
| Amateurs' road race | **Vittorio Marcelli**
Italy | - | Luiz Carlos Flores
Brazil | - | Erik Pettersson
Sweden | - |
| Team time trial | **Sweden**
Erik Pettersson
Gösta Pettersson
Sture Pettersson
Tomas Pettersson | - | Switzerland
Bruno Hubschmid
Robert Thalmann
Walter Burki
Erich Spahn | - | Italy
Vittorio Marcelli
Flavio Martini
Giovanni Bramucci
Benito Pigato | - |
| **Women** | | | | | | |
| Women's road race | **Keetie van Oosten-Hage**
Netherlands | - | Baiba Caune
Soviet Union | - | Morena Tartagni
Italy | - |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Italy (ITA) | 2 | 0 | 3 | 5 |
| 2 | Sweden (SWE) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 3 | Netherlands (NED) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Belgium (BEL) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Brazil (BRA) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Soviet Union (URS) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Switzerland (SUI) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Totals (7 entries) | | 4 | 4 | 4 | 12 |

## InfoBox

1968 UCI Road World Championships
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Imola, Italy (professionals)
Montevideo, Uruguay (amateurs) |
| Date(s) | 31 August-1 September 1968 (professionals)
7-10 November 1968 (amateurs) |
|


title: AraabMuzik production discography

abstract: The following list is a discography of production by AraabMuzik.

text:
# AraabMuzik production discography

The following list is a **discography of production by AraabMuzik**.

## 2006

### The Diplomats \- *More Than Music Vol. 2*

## 2007

### Hell Rell \- *For the Hell of It*

* 01. "Intro"
* 11. "I'm the Shit" (featuring Cam'ron)
* 12. "Respect Me" (featuring J.R. Writer)

## 2008

### Hell Rell - *Black Mask, Black Gloves*

* 01. "Intro (Black Gloves)"
* 02. "Get Ready" (featuring Shane O Mac)
* 04. "Think of A Problem"
* 11. "Rumors"

## 2009

### Starrs & Murph – *Boxes for Sale*

* 05. "Dolla Bills" (featuring Jane Nithrow)
* 06. "Money Over Here" (featuring Vic Damone)
* 10. "My Life"
* 12. "Marry You" (featuring Naledge)
* 14. "Loaded Gun"

### Dub – *FMM2: Family, Money, Music 2*

### Cam'ron \- *Crime Pays*

* 06. "Curve"
* 08. "Get It in Ohio"
* 12. "Spend the Night" (featuring Lady Lodi)
    + Sample Credit: Kay Cee - "Escape"
* 15. "Chalupa"

### J.R. Writer \- *Cinecrack*

* 08. "Extermination" (featuring Hell Rell)
* 09. "Gorilla Musik"

### Willy Northpole \- *Tha Connect*

* 08. "Skit (Ghetto Tour Guide)"

## 2010

### DJ Kayslay \- *More Than Just a DJ*

### Capone-N-Noreaga \- *The War Report 2: Report the War*

* 13. "Scarface"

### Cam'ron & The U.N. \- *Heat In Here Vol. 1*

* 1. "Intro"
* 2. "Like Shiiiiit"
* 3. "Throw It Up"
* 4. "Its Your Party"
* 6. "Butta"
* 7. "Fuck The Other Side"
* 8. "Cuffin" (featuring Gucci Mane)
* 9. "Fed Story"
* 11. "Horror Story"
* 12. "On My Shiznit"
* 13. "La Bumba"
* 14. "Ride With Me"

## 2011

### Jim Jones \- *Capo*

### Cam'ron & Vado \- *Gunz n' Butta*

* 01. "Killa"
* 02. "American Greed"
* 03. "Heat in Here"
* 04. "Face-Off vmo"
* 05. "I-Luv U"
* 06. "Put A Bird Up"
* 07. "Monster Muzik"
* 10. "Lights, Camera, Action" (featuring Skylynn)
* 11. "Stop It 5"
* 14. "We All Up in Here"
* 15. "Be With Me"

### Lungz - *DreamKillaz*

* 15. "Get in Tune" (featuring Mic Terror) (Bonus Track)

### Tuge - *The Scrimmage*

* 17. "Rapper Down" (featuring Sean-Don & G-Eyez)

### Lloyd Banks \- *The Cold Corner 2*

* 01. "1,2,3 Grind" (featuring Prodigy)

Leftover * 00. "Love Me in the Hood"

### Styles P \- *Master of Ceremonies*

* 04. "Ryde on da Regular"

### Tragedy Khadafi \- *Thug Matrix 3*

* 01. "Narcotic Lines"

### Various artists - *America's Most Hated*

* 04. "Presidential Rolex" (performed by Vado, C Nellz & Jae Millz)

### Bushido \- *Jenseits von Gut und Böse*

* 05. "Gesucht und gefunden"

## 2012

### 50 Cent \- *The Lost Tape*

* 03. "Murder One" (featuring Eminem)

### Slaughterhouse \- *Welcome to: Our House*

* 05. "Hammer Dance"

### ASAP Mob \- *Lords Never Worry*

* 08. "Dope, Money and Hoes"
* 10. "Y.N.R.E."

### Styles P \- *The World’s Most Hardest MC Project*

* 02. "Araab Styles"

### Swizz Beatz \- *Haute Living*

### Joe Budden \- *A Loose Quarter*

* 02. "Words of a Chameleon"
* 05. "Through My Eyes" (featuring Tsu-Surf)
* 09. "So Good" (featuring Emanny)

### Fabolous \- *The S.O.U.L. Tape 2*

* 11. "Beauty" (featuring Wale)

### Various artists - *Fool's Gold Presents: Loosies*

## 2013

### Funkmaster Flex \- *Who You Mad At? Me or Yourself?*

* 02. "Money Talks" (performed by Fabolous)

### Nacho Picasso \- *Vampsterdam*

* 00. "Vampire" (featuring Avatar Darko)

### Apache Chief - *Upstate of Mind*

* 01. "Here To Stay"

### Chase N. Cashe - *Charm*

* 09. "Ransom Note"

### Hype Holla - *HYPEothetically*

* 01. "My City"
* 02. "Welcome to Rhode Island"
* 03. "Get It Started"
* 04. "Right Here"
* 06. "Ends Tonight"
* 08. "Hands Up" (featuring Freeway)
* 09. "Southside"
* 10. "Pain In My Eyes"
* 11. "Over There" (featuring Bankoz)

### Hype Holla & Writes - *#team401*

* 02. "Monster"

### Mt Eden \- *Sierra Leone (Feat. Freshly Ground) \[Remixes\] - EP*

* 03. "Sierra Leone Feat. Freshly Ground AraabMuzik Remix"

### Troy Ave \- *New York City: The Album*

* 15. "Regretful"

## 2014

### Slaughterhouse \- *House Rules*

* 05. "Keep It 100"
* 09. "I Ain't Bullshittin'"

### Azealia Banks \- *Broke With Expensive Taste*

## 2015

### Various artists - *Southpaw (Music from and Inspired By the Motion Picture)*

### Joe Budden \- *All Love Lost*

* 06. "Love, I'm Good" (co-produced by Karon Graham)
* 08. "Slaughtermouse"

### Lloyd Banks \- *Halloween Havoc 2*

* 02. "Angel Dust"

### Fabolous \- *Summertime Shootout*

* 11. "Started Something" (featuring Daphne Larue)

## 2016

### Royce da 5'9" \- *Tabernacle: Trust the Shooter*

* 06. "The Banjo" (featuring Westside Gunn, Conway & Styles P)

### Fabolous \- *Summertime Shootout 2: The Level Up*

### Torii Wolf - *Flow Riiot*

* 05. "Body"

### Joe Budden \- *Rage & The Machine*

* 01. "Three"
* 02. "Uncle Joe"
* 03. "Serious" (featuring Joell Ortiz)
* 04. "By Law" (featuring Jazzy)
* 05. "Flex" (featuring Tory Lanez & Fabolous)
* 06. "Forget"
* 07. "I Gotta Ask"
* 08. "Time for Work" (featuring Emanny)
* 09. "Wrong One"
* 10. "I Wanna Know" (featuring Stacy Barthe)
* 11. "Idols"

## 2018

### Kollegah*Monument*

* 01. "Orbit (Intro)"
* 02. "Dear Lord"
* 03. "Blow Out"
* 04. "Royal"
* 06. "Bossmove"
* 07. "Gospel"
* 10. "La Vida Koka"
* 11. "Makiaveli"
* 12. "Realtalk"
* 13. "Continental" (featuring Nas)
* 14. "Donlife" (featuring Cam'ron)
* 15. "Cohiba Symphony"

### Kollegah – *Hoodtape Volume 3*

* 26. "Testament"

## 2018

### Swizz Beatz*Poison*

## 2019

### Fabolous*Summertime Shootout 3: Coldest Summer Ever*

* 01. "Cold Summer"
* 12. "Insecure"

## 2020

### The Lox*Living Off Xperience*

### Jay Electronica*A Written Testimony*

General   Specific


abstract: The 2009 America East men's lacrosse tournament was the 10th edition of the America East Conference men's lacrosse tournament and took place from April 29 to May 2 at the higher seeds home field. The winner of the tournament received the America East Conference's automatic bid to the 2009 NCAA Division I Men's Lacrosse Championship. Four teams from the America East conference will compete in the single elimination tournament. The seeds were based upon the teams' regular season conference record.

text:
# 2009 America East Men's Lacrosse Tournament

The **2009 America East men's lacrosse tournament** was the 10th edition of the America East Conference men's lacrosse tournament and took place from April 29 to May 2 at the higher seeds home field. The winner of the tournament received the America East Conference's automatic bid to the 2009 NCAA Division I Men's Lacrosse Championship. Four teams from the America East conference will compete in the single elimination tournament. The seeds were based upon the teams' regular season conference record.

## Standings

Only the top four teams in the America East conference advanced to the America East Conference Tournament.

| Seed | School | Conference | Overall | Tiebreakers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | UMBC‡\* | 4–1 | 12-4 | 1-0 vs. Stony Brook |
| 2 | Stony Brooks* | 4-1 | 9-6 | 0-1 vs. UMBC |
| 3 | Albany* | 3-2 | 7–7 |  |
| 4 | Binghamton* | 2-3 | 3-12 |  |
| 5 | Vermont | 1–4 | 4–10 |  |
| 6 | Hartford | 1–4 | 2–11 |  |
| ‡ America East regular season champions.
* Qualify for the tournament.
 | | | | | | | |

## Schedule

| Session | Game | Time\* | Matchup# | Score | Television |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Semi-finals – Wednesday, April 29 | | | | | |
| 1 | 1 |  | #1 **UMBC** vs. #4 Binghamton | 9-8 | N/A |
| | 2 |  | #2 **Stony Brook** vs. #3 Albany | 18-12 | |
| Championship – Saturday, May 2 | | | | | |
| 2 | 3 |  | #1 **UMBC** vs. #2 Stony Brook | 11-7 | N/A |
|

## Bracket

|  | Semifinals
April 29 | | |  |  | Championship Game
May 2 | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 1 | **UMBC** | **9*** |  |  | | | | |
|  | | | | | |
|  | 4 | Binghamton | 8 |  | |
|  | | | | |  | 1 | **UMBC** | **11** |  |
|  | | | | | |  | | |  |
|  | |  |  | 3 | Stony Brook | 7 |  |
|  | 2 | | | | | | Stony Brook | **18** |  |
|  | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | | 3 | Albany | 12 |  |

* denotes an overtime game

## All-Tournament

Brian Caufield, Albany

Corey Small, Albany

Larry Kline, Binghamton

Chris Mulheron, Binghamton

Kevin Crowley, Stony Brook

Chris Gignilliat, Stony Brook

Steve Waldeck, Stony Brook

Jeremy Blevins, UMBC

Mike Camardo, UMBC

Justin Radebaugh, UMBC

Ryan Smith, UMBC

**Most Outstanding Player**

Mike Camardo, UMBC