title: Alfonso d'Avalos

abstract: Alfonso d'Avalos d'Aquino, 6th Marquis of Pescara, 2nd Marquis of Vasto, was an Italian condottiero of Aragonese origins, renowned for his service in favour of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain.

text:
# Alfonso d'Avalos

**Alfonso d'Avalos d'Aquino**, 6th Marquis of Pescara, 2nd Marquis of Vasto (1502 – 31 March 1546), was an Italian *condottiero* of Aragonese origins, renowned for his service in favour of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain.

## Biography

He was born in Ischia, as the son of Inigo d'Avalos (1467–1503) and his wife, Laura Sanseverino (d. 1512). He was a cousin of Francesco Ferdinando I d'Ávalos, whose titles he inherited after 1525. He fought the French and the Venetians by his side. He fought at the Battle of Pavia (1525). During the period 1526-1528, he fought under Hugo of Moncada, being captured on 28 April 1528 by the Genoese captain Filippino Doria at the Capo d'Orso.

In July 1535, he served as Imperial lieutenant during the reconquest of the city of Tunis in North Africa. The failure of the third war against France trying to invade Provence, and the death of the first Governor of the Duchy of Milan, Antonio de Leyva, prompted him in 1538 to accept the nomination as governor, replacing Marino Caracciolo, the second governor, becoming some sort of protector of literary and musical people . Wars with the French and North Italians ended for a while with the Treaty of Crespy (1544). He also became a Knight in the Order of the Golden Fleece.

He later represented Emperor Charles V as an ambassador, in 1538, on the succession to the new Doge of the Republic of Venice, Pietro Lando.

He commanded the Imperial army in Italy during the Italian War of 1542 and was defeated by the French at the Battle of Ceresole. However, in the Battle of Serravalle on 2 June 1544, an aftermath of the Italian War of 1542, he managed to defeat a force of freshly raised Italian mercenaries in French service, commanded by Pietro Strozzi and Giovanni Francesco Orsini, count of Pitigliano.

## Personal life

On 26 November 1523, he married Maria d'Aragona (1503–1568), daughter of Duke Ferdinando di Montalto and his wife, Catalina Cardona. She was a paternal granddaughter of King Ferdinand I of Naples. They had 5 children:

* Media related to Alfonso d'Avalos at Wikimedia Commons
* Oman, Charles (1937). *A History of the Art of War in the Sixteenth Century*. London: Methuen & Co.
* Gran Enciclopedia de España, 22 volumes, 11,052 pages, (1991), vol 3, page 1,109 ISBN 84-87544-01-0

## InfoBox

| Alfonso d'Ávalos | |
| --- | --- |
| *Portrait of Alfonso d'Avalos and a page* by Titian, c.1533 | |
| Born | 24 May 1502
Ischia, Kingdom of Naples |
| Died | 31 March 1546
Vigevano, Lombardy |
| Allegiance | Kingdom of Naples
Spanish Empire
Holy Roman Empire |
| Service/branch | Army |
| Years of service | 1522-1540 |
| Rank | General |
| Battles/wars |  |


title: Antonio Dixon (songwriter)

abstract: Antonio "Tony" Dixon is an American songwriter, singer and record producer, also known for his work with production duo The Underdogs and Eric Dawkins under the production moniker The Pentagon.

text:
# Antonio Dixon (songwriter)

**Antonio** "**Tony**" **Dixon** is an American songwriter, singer and record producer, also known for his work with production duo The Underdogs and Eric Dawkins under the production moniker The Pentagon.

## Career

Dixon began his songwriting and production career as an associate member of production duo The Underdogs. Along with Harvey Mason Jr. and Damon Thomas and a wider collective, also consisting of Tank, Eric Dawkins and Steve Russell, he co-crafted several singles, including Omarion's "" (2004), "Naked" (2005), and Monica's "Sideline Ho" (2007), predominantly serving as an instrumentalist and arranger on the tracks.

In the late 2000s, Dixon and Dawkins formed the production team The Pentagon. A departure from the R&B sounds of his previous works, the duo worked with a wider range of artists and sounds, particularly in the pop and gospel genres, including Kristinia DeBarge and Justin Bieber. Following their collaboration on Babyface's 2005 album *Grown & Sexy* along with The Underdogs, Babyface asked Dixon to work with him on Beyoncé's 2011 album  on which they co-produced the single "Best Thing I Never Had".

In 2018, Dixon produced on Toni Braxton's ninth studio album *Sex & Cigarettes* (2018). Its leading single "Long as I Live," produced by Dixon, became her eight on the *Billboard* Adult R&B Songs and earned two nominations for Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards.

## Selected production credits

| Year | Song | Artist | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | "Do for You" | Chanté Moore | *Love the Woman* |
| 2011 | "Best Thing I Never Had" | Beyoncé |  |
| | "Dreaming" | | |
| 2012 | "That's When I Knew" | Alicia Keys | *Girl on Fire* |
| 2013 | "Baby I" | Ariana Grande | *Yours Truly* |
| | "Honeymoon Avenue" | | |
| | "Lovin' It" | | |
| | "Tattooed Heart" | | |
| | "You'll Never Know" | | |
| 2016 | "Let Me Know" | After 7 | *Timeless* |
| | "More Than Friends" | | |
| 2018 | "Long as I Live" | Toni Braxton | *Sex & Cigarettes* |
| | "Sex & Cigarettes" | | |
| | "The Christmas Song" | Jessie J | *This Christmas Day* |
| | | | "Winter Wonderland" |
| 2020 | "Dance" | Toni Braxton | *Spell My Name* |
| | "Do It" | | |

## InfoBox

| Antonio Dixon | |
| --- | --- |
| Also known as | Antonio "Tony" Dixon |
| Genres |  |
| Occupations | * Songwriter * singer * record producer |
|  | |
| Website | instagram.com/antoniodixonmusic |


title: Arctacarus

abstract: Arctacarus is a genus of mites in the family Arctacaridae. They are found in tundra and mountain regions of Asia and North America.

text:
# Arctacarus

***Arctacarus*** is a genus of mites in the family Arctacaridae. They are found in tundra and mountain regions of Asia and North America.

## Species

These three species are members of the genus *Arctacarus*:

## InfoBox

| *Arctacarus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Mesostigmata |
| Family: | Arctacaridae |
| Genus: | *Arctacarus*<br>Evans, 1955 |
|


title: Edwin Emery Slosson

abstract: Edwin Emery Slosson was an American magazine editor, writer, journalist and chemist. He was the first head of Science Service, and a notable popularizer of science.

text:
# Edwin Emery Slosson

**Edwin Emery Slosson** (7 June 1865  15 October 1929) was an American magazine editor, writer, journalist and chemist. He was the first head of Science Service, and a notable popularizer of science.

## Family background and education

Slosson was born in Albany, Kansas, the son of William Butler Slosson and his wife, the former Achsah Louise Lilly. His parents were pioneers who had moved from New York State to Kansas in 1857. William Slosson ran the first general store in Albany. A supporter of free state status for Kansas, he helped to organize a branch of the Underground Railroad and ran a "station" where escaping slaves were sheltered.

Slosson attended Leavenworth High School for three years and travelled in Europe before entering the University of Kansas. He majored in chemistry and was a member of both Sigma Xi and Phi Beta Kappa. After obtaining a Bachelor of Science degree in 1890, he remained at the University of Kansas as a graduate student, studying chemistry, physics, geology and psychology. He was awarded a Master of Science degree in 1892. Slosson was offered a fellowship in psychology at Clark University, but chose instead to accept a position as assistant professor of chemistry at the University of Wyoming because it paid well enough to allow him to marry. He married May Gorslin Preston at Centralia, Kansas, on August 12, 1891.

## University of Wyoming

From 1891 to 1903 Slosson lived in Laramie, Wyoming, where he taught chemistry at the University of Wyoming and carried out chemical research at the Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station, which was associated with the university. He also acted as state chemist. His main areas of research were alkali in Wyoming soils and petroleum. His observations on these and other subjects, including food adulteration and the fuel value of prepared cereals, were published in numerous bulletins of the Experiment Station. He participated as a special demonstrator in chemistry at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair.

Slosson taught all the chemistry courses at the University of Wyoming and taught popular extension courses in chemistry to community members. He also taught a course in experimental psychology and lectured on photography to the local Camera Club. During the summer vacations he studied organic chemistry at the University of Chicago, working under Julius Stieglitz and John Nef. He completed his doctoral dissertation and was awarded his PhD degree magna cum laude in 1902.

## *The Independent*

While living in Laramie, Slosson had contributed articles to *The Independent*, a weekly magazine published in New York City. After his doctoral studies, he spent the summer of 1903 in New York, working as an unpaid assistant to Hamilton Holt, the magazine's editor and publisher. He returned to Laramie in the fall, but when Holt offered him the position of literary editor on *The Independent* he accepted the offer and moved with his family to New York in 1904.

He was connected with *The Independent* until 1920 as literary or managing editor and contributor. He wrote many articles for the magazine and his journalism formed the basis for several books. On behalf of the magazine, he travelled around the United States visiting universities and visited Europe to interview leading philosophers and writers, including Henri Bergson, H. G. Wells, and Ernst Haeckel. The resulting articles were collected and published as *Great American Universities* (1910), *Major Prophets of Today* (1914) and *Six Major Prophets* (1916).

His many articles for *The Independent* about scientific topics won him a reputation as a leading popularizer of science. His book *Creative Chemistry*, published in 1919, was a collection of articles about industrial applications of chemistry. It was his most successful publication and became a bestseller, with 200,000 copies sold by 1929. It was still being used in high school and college chemistry courses in the early 1940s. In 1920 he published another collection, *Easy Lessons in Einstein*, explaining the theory of relativity to a non-scientific audience. From 1912 to 1920 he taught a course on physical science for journalists at the Pulitzer School of Journalism.

## Science Service

In 1920, the biologist William Emerson Ritter invited Slosson to become the first head of Science Service, which was being organized by Ritter and the newspaper publisher E.W. Scripps with the aim of improving the general public's understanding of science by providing scientific news to daily newspapers. Slosson accepted Ritter's job offer, and in January 1921 he moved to Washington, D.C., where Science Service's offices were located in the National Research Council building.

Slosson, whose official title at Science Service was Editor, was responsible for organizing and staffing the agency. His initial efforts were concentrated on promoting and developing science journalism by the means of a weekly syndicated news service called *Science News Bulletin*. Slosson described Science Service as "a sort of liaison officer between scientific circles and the outside world".*Science News Bulletin* was well received and in September 1922 it began to be issued to newspapers and magazines daily rather than weekly. Also in 1922, *Science Service* started publishing *Science News Letter*, a weekly magazine for sale to individuals.

Watson Davis, an engineer at the National Bureau of Standards and part-time science journalist who had been submitting articles to *Science News Bulletin* since it was established, became managing editor of Science Service in January 1923. Davis's assistance and the growing success of the agency allowed Slosson to devote more of his time to writing, lecturing and travelling. He contributed many articles to *Science News Letter* and other magazines including *Collier's Weekly*, and published five more books during the last decade of his life. He made his first radio broadcast at a meeting of the American Chemical Society in 1924, and in June of that year Science Service collaborated with the National Research Council to establish a weekly series called *Science News of the Week*. These radio broadcasts featured scientists talking about their work. Slosson also travelled extensively as a news correspondent for Science Service, in 1923 joining an expedition by astronomers to Mount Wilson Observatory in California to observe a solar eclipse.

When Slosson died of heart disease on October 15, 1929, in Washington, he was "easily the outstanding interpreter of sciences to the non-technical public", according to the *Dictionary of American Biography*.

## Books written

* *Great American Universities*. New York: Macmillan. 1910. Fulltext at The Internet Archive
* *Major Prophets of Today*. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. 1914. Fulltext at The Internet Archive
* *Six Major Prophets*. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. 1917. Fulltext at The Internet Archive
* *Creative Chemistry*. New York: The Century Co. 1919. Fulltext at The Internet Archive
* *Easy Lessons in Einstein*. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Howe. 1920. Fulltext at The Internet Archive
* *The American Spirit in Education: A chronicle of great teachers*. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 1921. Fulltext at The Internet Archive
* *Plots and Personalities*. New York: The Century Co. 1922. Fulltext at The Internet Archive
* *Chats on Science*. New York: The Century Co. 1924.
* *Sermons of a Chemist*. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co. 1925.
* *Snapshots of Science*. New York: The Century Co. 1928.
* *Short Talks on Science*. New York: The Century Co. 1930.
* *A Number of Things*. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co. 1930.

## InfoBox

| Edwin Emery Slosson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1865-06-07)June 7, 1865
Albany, Kansas, US |
| Died | October 15, 1929(1929-10-15) (aged 64)
Washington, D.C., US |
| Known for | Founding Director of Science Service |
| Spouse | May Gorslin Preston (m. 1891) |


title: 1. FC Burg

abstract: 1. FC Burg is a German association football club from the northern district of Burg-Grambke in the city-state of Bremen.

text:
# 1. FC Burg

**1. FC Burg** is a German association football club from the northern district of Burg-Grambke in the city-state of Bremen.

## History

The club was established in 1957 and won its first lower tier local title in 1965. *FC* remained part of Kreisklasse play through the 1970s, 1980s, and into the 1990s, until finally winning promotion to the Landesliga Bremen (VI) in 1997. In 2004, they won the league championship and advanced to the Verbandsliga Bremen (V) where they earned mid-table results until being relegated in 2007. They finished as runners-up to *SC Weyhe* in the Landesliga in 2010 in order to return to what is now the Bremen-Liga (V). In 2014 they finished at the bottom and were relegated back to the Landesliga along with *OT Bremen*.

## Honours

The club's honours:

## InfoBox

1. FC Burg
| Full name | 1. Fußball Club Burg |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1957 |
| League | Bezirksliga Bremen (VII) |
| 2015–16 | Landesliga Bremen (VI), 14th (relegated) |
| Website | Club website |


title: Angels of Darkness, Demons of Light II

abstract: Angels of Darkness, Demons of Light II is the seventh full-length studio album by the band Earth, released on February 14, 2012, through Southern Lord Records. This album was recorded at the same time as its predecessor Angels of Darkness, Demons of Light I.

text:
# Angels of Darkness, Demons of Light II

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Classic Rock* |  |
| *No Ripcord* | (10/10) |
| Pitchfork Media | (7.9/10) |
| Thrash Hits |  |
| Tiny Mix Tapes |  |

***Angels of Darkness, Demons of Light II*** is the seventh full-length studio album by the band Earth, released on February 14, 2012, through Southern Lord Records. This album was recorded at the same time as its predecessor *Angels of Darkness, Demons of Light I*.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Sigil of Brass" | 3:32 |
| 2. | "His Teeth Did Brightly Shine" | 9:00 |
| 3. | "A Multiplicity of Doors" | 13:04 |
| 4. | "The Corascene Dog" | 8:26 |
| 5. | "The Rakehell" | 11:51 |
| Total length: | | 45:53 |

## Personnel

* Dylan Carlson \- electric guitar and devices
* Adrienne Davies – trap kit and percussives
* Lori Goldston – cello and devices
* Karl Blau – electric bass guitar

## InfoBox

| Angels of Darkness, Demons of Light II | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Earth | |
| Released | February 14, 2012 |
| Recorded | April 2010 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 45:53 |
| Label | Southern Lord Records |
| Producer | Stuart Hallerman, Dylan Carlson and Adrienne Davies |
| Earth chronology | |
| *Angels of Darkness, Demons of Light I*
(2011) ***Angels of Darkness, Demons of Light II***
(2012) *Primitive and Deadly*
(2014) | |


title: Anton Zilzer

abstract:
Anton (Antal) Zilzer, was a Hungarian painter. He was a pupil of Rauscher, Gregusz, and Székely at the national model school of design, and later studied at the Munich Academy under Raupp, Hackl, Seitz, and Herterich, completing his education at Berlin, Paris, and London. He devoted himself especially to portraits, and received the Munich gold medal in 1887. His paintings include:
  - Alone in the Woods
  - Ludwig II on His Funeral Bier
  - Forest Idyls
  - Sunset on the Lake of Constance

text:
# Anton Zilzer

**Anton (*Antal*) Zilzer** (1860, Budapest – November 16, 1921), was a Hungarian painter.

He was a pupil of Rauscher, Gregusz, and Székely at the national model school of design, and later studied at the Munich Academy under Raupp, Hackl, Seitz, and Herterich, completing his education at Berlin, Paris, and London.

He devoted himself especially to portraits, and received the Munich gold medal in 1887.

His paintings include:

* *Alone in the Woods*
* *Ludwig II on His Funeral Bier*
* *Forest Idyls*
* *Sunset on the Lake of Constance*

1. "Zilzer Antal (Pest, 1860 – Budapest, 1921)". *iCollector.com*. Retrieved 2006-06-04.
2. "Zilzer Antal". *Kereso.hu*. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved 2006-06-04.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Zilzer, Antal (Anton)". *The Jewish Encyclopedia*. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.


title: 1872–73 Scottish Districts season

abstract: The 1872-73 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams. It includes the Inter-City fixtures between Glasgow District and Edinburgh District.

text:
# 1872–73 Scottish Districts season

The **1872-73 Scottish Districts season** is a record of all the rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.

It includes the Inter-City fixtures between Glasgow District and Edinburgh District.

## History

The Glasgow District v Edinburgh District match is the first representative district match in the world.

Originally this was a twice a season fixture; and it was in this 1872-73 season.

The matches in this season were 20 - a - side.

The district matches between Glasgow and Edinburgh, as Scotland's two largest cities, were known as the Inter-City rivalry.

## Results

| Date | Try | Conversion | Penalty | Dropped goal | Goal from mark | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1871–1875 | no score | 1 goal | 1 goal | 1 goal |  |  |

### Inter-City

| Glasgow District | 0 - 1 drop goal | Edinburgh District |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | **Drop:** Thomas Roger Marshall |

**Glasgow District**:Backs: Thomas Chalmers (Glasgow Academicals), William Davie Brown (Glasgow Academicals), William Hamilton Kidston (West of Scotland)
Half backs: William Cross (Glasgow Academicals), T. A. Drew (Glasgow Academicals)
Quarter backs: George Buchanan McClure (West of Scotland), John Arthur (Glasgow Academicals) \[Captain\]
Forwards: John Kennedy Tod, Henry William Allan, Charles Chalmers Bryce, George Raphael Fleming, J.S. Thomson, J.K. Brown (all Glasgow Academicals)
James Howe McClure, J. Kennedy, J.P. Tennant, Robert Wilson, G. Hunter, A. Cochrane (all West of Scotland)
J.W. Reid (Glasgow University)
**Edinburgh District**: A. Ross (Wanderers), J. Patullo (Craigmount), Thomas Roger Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals), William St Clair Grant (Craigmount), J. Junor (Royal High School), J. A. W. Mein (Edinburgh Academicals), and E. Thew (Merchistonians), backs ; Francis Moncreiff (captain), R. W. Irvine, E. M. Bannerman, James Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), Angus Buchanan, Alexander Petrie, and M. Sanderson (Royal High School), Charles Walker Cathcart and John Lisle Hall MacFarlane (Edinburgh University), Tom Whittington (Merchistonians), Benjamin Blyth II (Merchistonians), J. Forsyth and A. R. Stewart (Wanderers), forwards.

| Edinburgh District | 1 goal, 2 tries - 0 | Glasgow District |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Try:** James Finlay
A. Wood
**Con:** John Lisle Hall McFarlane | Report |  |

**Edinburgh District**: G. F. Raynor (Royal HSFP), Blackwood (Edinburgh Academicals), Thomas Roger Marshall (Edinburgh Academicals), W. St. Clair Grant (Craigmount), John Lisle Hall McFarlane (Edinburgh Wanderers), J. Junor (Royal High School), J. A. W. Mein (Edinburgh Academicals), F. Penny (Edinburgh Wanderers), Francis Moncreiff (captain) (Edinburgh Academicals), Charles Walker Cathcart (Edinburgh University), Angus Buchanan (Edinburgh University), Edward Bannerman (Edinburgh Academicals), J. Forsyth (Edinburgh Wanderers), Tom Whittington (Merchistonians), R. W. Irvine (Edinburgh Academicals), Alexander Petrie (Royal High School), Benjamin Blyth II (Merchistonians), James Finlay (Edinburgh Academicals), Alexander Wood (Royal HSFP), W. K. Gair (Edinburgh Academicals)
**Glasgow District**:Backs: Thomas Chalmers (Glasgow Academicals), William Davie Brown (Glasgow Academicals)
Half backs:William Hamilton Kidston (West of Scotland), T. A. Drew (Glasgow Academicals)
Quarter backs: George Buchanan McClure (West of Scotland), John Arthur (Glasgow Academicals) \[Captain\]
Forwards: George Raphael Fleming, J.S. Thomson, J. S. Tod, J. Ritchie, W. M. Brown, A. T. Arthur, Allan Arthur (all Glasgow Academicals)
James Howe McClure, J. Kennedy, J. Bolton, T. Y. Kennedy, Robert Wilson, A. Cochrane (all West of Scotland)
C.E. Hope (Glasgow University)

### Other Scottish matches

No other District matches played.

### English matches

No other District matches played.

### International matches

No touring matches this season.

## InfoBox

| 1872–73 Scottish Districts season | |
| --- | --- |
| Countries | Scotland |
| Date | 1872-73 |
| Matches played | 2 |
|  | |


title: 1872–73 in Scottish football

abstract: Season 1872–73 was the first in Scottish football in which the national team participated in officially recognised matches. There were as yet no organised domestic competitions.

text:
# 1872–73 in Scottish football

| 1872–73 in Scottish football | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Teams in the FA Cup | |
| Queen's Park | |

**Season 1872–73** was the first in Scottish football in which the national team participated in officially recognised matches. There were as yet no organised domestic competitions.

## Overview

Queen's Park continued to be pioneers in the development of the sport in Scotland. As in the previous season, they entered for the FA Cup, albeit they failed to play any active part in this season's tournament.

Their most significant action in the 1872–73 season was to help initiate the birth of international football, organising the Scotland side which took on England in what is considered the first "official" international match.

## FA Cup

In recognition of the travel difficulties they faced in reaching South East England, where the other entrants were all based, Queen's were allowed a bye directly through to the semi-finals, where they were drawn against Oxford University, however Queen's were still unable to finance the journey and withdrew from the competition.

## Scotland national team

### Overview

Iillustrations of the first international at Hamilton Crescent, by William Ralston.

This season saw the first official international match take place against England. Whilst a series of "England v Scotland" matches organised by C. W. Alcock had taken in London over the previous two years, these matches were never considered truly representative, with the Scottish sides being composed almost entirely of London residents. In 1872, Queen's Park, as Scotland's leading club, took it upon themselves to organise what has entered the history books as the first "official" international, despite the fact there was as yet no Scottish Football Association to sanction it. Appropriately enough, the match was arranged for St Andrew's Day, and the West of Scotland Cricket Club's ground at Hamilton Crescent in Partick was selected as the venue. A crowd of approximately 4,000 people attended on the day, although the time of the match had been delayed by fog.

The Scottish eleven was selected by captain and goalkeeper Robert Gardner and was drawn entirely from Queen's Park members, although some played with other clubs as well. The dark blue shirts which would become synonymous with the national team were worn on this first occasion because they were at that time the colours of Queen's Park. The English wore white shirts. The English wore caps, while the Scots wore red cowls. The match itself contrasted the dribbling style then popular in England with the Scots' passing football, but finished goalless. The Scots had a goal disallowed in the first half after the umpires decided that the ball had cleared the tape which was used before crossbars were introduced. The latter part of the match saw the Scots defence under pressure by the heavier English forwards. The Scots played two full backs, two half backs and six forwards. The English played only one full back, one half back and eight forwards. Since three defenders were required for a ball played to be onside, the English system was virtually a ready-made offside trap.

The return fixture the following March marked the first official meeting of the sides in England, and again took place at a cricket ground, The Oval, with the English adopting Scotland's 2-2-6 formation. The severely limited funds available to the fledgling SFA meant they were only able to finance rail fares to London for eight players, so the team was augmented with three Anglo-Scots who had appeared in the earlier unofficial series, Lord Kinnaird, John Blackburn and Henry Renny-Tailyour. The latter had the honour of scoring Scotland's first international goal, but the match ended in a 4–2 defeat.

### Results

| Date | Venue | Opponents | Score | Competition | Scotland scorer(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 30 November 1872 | Hamilton Crescent, Partick | England | 0–0 | Friendly |  |
| 8 March 1873 | Kennington Oval, London | England | 2–4 | Friendly | Henry Renny-Tailyour, William Gibb |

1. Scotland's score is shown first.

## InfoBox

Football in Scotland
| Season | 1872–73 |
| --- | --- |
|  | |


title: Elina Hemminki

abstract: Kirsti Elina Hemminki is a Finnish academic who was trained in medicine and public health. She has wide research experience in health services and epidemiological research. Her research interests include use, determinants and consequences of medical technology, particularly in the field of preventive services. Many of her examples come from women's and children's health and drugs (medicines). Her interests include health services trials, and how ethical and governance rules apply to them. Her other research interests have included research policy and research regulation.

text:
# Elina Hemminki

**Kirsti Elina Hemminki** (born 22 August 1948) is a Finnish academic who was trained in medicine and public health. She has wide research experience in health services and epidemiological research. Her research interests include use, determinants and consequences of medical technology, particularly in the field of preventive services. Many of her examples come from women's and children's health and drugs (medicines). Her interests include health services trials, and how ethical and governance rules apply to them. Her other research interests have included research policy and research regulation.

## Education

Hemminki graduated from a high school in Hyvinkää, Finland in 1967. She received her medical degree from the University of Helsinki (Licentiate of Medicine, MD) in 1973, and her DrPH, from the University of Tampere. She was a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Health Services Administration, School of Public Health, the Johns Hopkins University, from 1976 to 1978.

## Career

Hemminki started her research work while still a medical student. Her plans to combine research and clinical practice were ruined after realizing that combining these two with raising children was too much. Thus, since her graduation she has worked as a researcher and teacher in universities and research institutes, mainly in Finland. Her latest positions are a research professor in THL National Institute of Health and Welfare, and an adjunct professor in public health at the University of Helsinki and Tampere University.

Hemminki's first research interests were physicians’ prescribing practices and medicine control, using psychotropic drugs as an example. Already in this early work she had particular interest in outside, particularly commercial forces, influencing physicians and the overutilization of medicines. The themes of physicians’ behaviour and commercial forces have been a thread of her research throughout her career.

Her plans to continue research on physicians’ drug prescribing changed in her postdoctoral studies in the US in 1977. For family reasons she was tied to Baltimore, and she started a new field, technology and reproductive health, which was more suitable to her study with Barbara Starfield in Johns Hopkins University. Working with Starfield, Hemminki did reviews on iron-prophylaxis and drugs against premature labor, using approaches which today would be called systematic reviews or meta-analyses. The reviews were made before electronic data searches of medical literature or the current methodology were available. The good local library was invaluable.

In 1979 Hemminki visited Oxford Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, then headed by Iain Chalmers, at the time when the idea of evidence-based medicine and systematic reviews was developed. Even though she did not become an active member of Cochrane Collaboration, later rising from the ideas in Oxford, the critical thinking and ways of approaching the value of individual health technologies were important for her later work. She was active in various international networks, including ISTAHC (International society of technology assessment in health care), later transformed into Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi).

Besides systematic reviews, Hemminki's other tools to critically examine the use of health technology were area variation as well as comparing the scientific evidence with the actual practice. She has also had a great interest to adapt the methods of randomized trials to evaluate health services (health services trials). Other methodological interests Elina Hemminki has had include use of administrative health registers in research.

Many of Hemminki's research focused on reproduction, first pregnancy and birth, and later more broadly, menopause. The interest in menopause started in a research visit to John and Sonja McKinley's research unit in Boston in 1987, later known as the New England Research Institutes, which at the time had interest in menopause. That was the time of a hot debate of the benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), mainly based on non-experimental data. The subsequent study in Finland on the menopause as a health service question, widened into involvement into study and debate on health effects of HRT. That interest produced a number of important publications, including the selection bias to HRT and the use of non-public documents of drug control authorities to study adverse effects of drugs. The interest led also to a small trial in Estonia, originally planned to be part of a large WISDOM study.

The work with HRT health effects concretely showed what it was like to have a varying view with local establishment, as well as the needs and working habits of media. This experience activated Hemminki's old interest in commercial factors influencing physicians and conflict of interests (COI). In her 1977 paper in Social Science & Medicine, Hemminki had empirically showed that many Finnish key-physicians had associations with drug industry. The potential consequences of such close collaboration include merging of the interest of commercial actors, particularly drug industry, and medical establishment, and confusing the voice of the scientific world. This is likely to have adverse effects on medical practice and health policy.

The large role of the commercial actors in funding health research, hinders on evidence-based medicine, as well as the dominance of drug research and its paradigms in regulation of medical research contributed to Hemminki's interest to study medical research and its regulation. This work has shown that the current regulation prevents health services trials and other “non-traditional” designs, and is a hinder to evidence based health care. Her research has also contributed to illustrate an important element in the distortion of knowledge: publication bias and secrecy around commercial studies.

Most of Hemminki's scientific production is in English, and available through scientific literature databases, such as PubMed. Policy-oriented papers meant for domestic professionals and lay-people are mainly in Finnish. Her empirical research work has mainly data from developed countries. But her work in China and Mozambique showed that many of the questions of health technology and health services are the same in poorer countries, and often clearer to observe.

## Personal

Elina has three adult children and six grandchildren.

Hemminki has supervised and mentored a number of younger researchers, who later have had successful careers either in research or in health administrative positions. Elina Hemminki has had various positions of trust in scientific and administrative bodies, including expert positions in the Academy of Finland. She has been active in many professional and other NGOs, including Health Action International (HAI) and Finnish NGO Physicians for Social Responsibility.

## InfoBox

| Elina Hemminki | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 22 August 1948
Hausjärvi, Finland |
| Nationality | Finnish |
| Alma mater | University of Helsinki (MD)
University of Tampere (DrPH) |
| Occupation(s) | Researcher, professor |
| Known for | Critical innovative research |


title: Elizabeth C. Quinlan House

abstract: The Elizabeth C. Quinlan House is a historic residence located in the Lowry Hill neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Designed in an eclectic take on the Renaissance Revival style, it was built in 1925 by Frederick L. Ackerman for Elizabeth Quinlan. Quinlan had helped found one of the first women's clothing shops in Minneapolis in 1894 and had gone on to enjoy great success in the apparel business. Built at a cost of $47,000, the L-shaped three story home features details such as stucco walls with quoining, terra cotta roofing and decorative ironwork. The home features architectural similarities to Quinlan's store, the Young–Quinlan Building, which was also designed by Ackerman in a similar style and completed one year later in 1926. Quinlan lived in the home from 1925 until her death in 1947. The home was then passed on to her relatives and remains privately owned today. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012 as an excellent example of the 1920s eclectic architectural style and of Frederick Ackerman's work.

text:
# Elizabeth C. Quinlan House

The **Elizabeth C. Quinlan House** is a historic residence located in the Lowry Hill neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Designed in an eclectic take on the Renaissance Revival style, it was built in 1925 by Frederick L. Ackerman for Elizabeth Quinlan. Quinlan had helped found one of the first women's clothing shops in Minneapolis in 1894 and had gone on to enjoy great success in the apparel business.

Built at a cost of $47,000 (equivalent to $835,596 in 2023), the L-shaped three story home features details such as stucco walls with quoining, terra cotta roofing and decorative ironwork (including work from Samuel Yellin). The home features architectural similarities to Quinlan's store, the Young–Quinlan Building, which was also designed by Ackerman in a similar style and completed one year later in 1926.

Quinlan lived in the home from 1925 until her death in 1947. The home was then passed on to her relatives and remains privately owned today. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2012 as an excellent example of the 1920s eclectic architectural style and of Frederick Ackerman's work.

44°58′00.7″N 93°17′38.4″W / 44.966861°N 93.294000°W / 44.966861; -93.294000

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Elizabeth C. Quinlan House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Elizabeth C. Quinlan House, 2014 | |
|  | |
| Location | 1711 Emerson Ave S, Minneapolis, Minnesota |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1925 (1925) |
| Architect | Frederick L. Ackerman |
| Architectural style | Renaissance Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 12000428 |
| Added to NRHP | July 25, 2012 |


title: Elizabeth Jill Cowley

abstract: Elizabeth Jill Cowley is a British botanist, who has worked at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Her interests have included the tropical flora of East Africa and the genus Roscoea. After working at a nursery at Tadworth, Surrey, she took a horticultural course at Merrist Wood Farm Institute (1958), then worked at Elm Garden Nurseries, Claygate for eight years. She then worked in Geneva, Switzerland, and Millers of Send, near Guildford. She started working at Kew Gardens in 1968 in the Temperate House, Himalaya section. In 1972 she moved to work in the Herbarium, working on petaloid monocots, retiring in 2000. She took part in collecting trips to Korea, Turkey and China. She remained an Honorary Research Associate. Born Elizabeth Jill Bedwell, she married Richard Cowley, a Kew student, in 1970.

text:
# Elizabeth Jill Cowley

**Elizabeth Jill Cowley** (born 1940) is a British botanist, who has worked at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Her interests have included the tropical flora of East Africa and the genus *Roscoea*.

After working at a nursery at Tadworth, Surrey, she took a horticultural course at Merrist Wood Farm Institute (1958), then worked at Elm Garden Nurseries, Claygate for eight years. She then worked in Geneva, Switzerland, and Millers of Send, near Guildford. She started working at Kew Gardens in 1968 in the Temperate House, Himalaya section. In 1972 she moved to work in the Herbarium, working on petaloid monocots, retiring in 2000. She took part in collecting trips to Korea, Turkey and China. She remained an Honorary Research Associate.

Born Elizabeth Jill Bedwell, she married Richard Cowley, a Kew student, in 1970.

## Some publications

### Books

* Cowley, E.J. (1988), *Burmanniaceae*, Flora of Tropical East Africa, Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, ISBN 978-90-6191-340-5
* Cowley, E.J. (1989), *Smilacaceae*, Flora of Tropical East Africa, Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, ISBN 978-90-6191-347-4
* Cowley, Jill (2007), *The genus Roscoea*, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, ISBN 978-1-84246-134-1

### Others

* Cowley, E.J. (1980), "A new species of *Roscoea (Zingiberaceae)* from Nepal", *Kew Bulletin*, **34** (4): 811–812, doi:10.2307/4119072, JSTOR 4119072
* Cowley, E.J. (1982), "A revision of *Roscoea (Zingiberaceae)*", *Kew Bulletin*, **36** (4): 747–777, doi:10.2307/4117918, JSTOR 4117918
* Cowley, E.J. (1983), "173. Marantacées", in Bosser, J.; Cadet, T.; Gueho, J.; et al. (eds.), *Flore des Mascareignes : la Réunion, Maurice, Rodrigues 171. Zingiberacées à 176. Bromeliacées*, Mauritius: Sugar Industry Research Institute, etc., OCLC 9896555
* Cowley, Jill & Wilford, Richard (1998), "Plate 349. Roscoea tumjensis", *Curtis's Botanical Magazine*, **15** (4): 220–225, doi:10.1111/1467-8748.00176

The standard author abbreviation Cowley is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

## InfoBox

| Elizabeth Jill Cowley | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1940 |
| Nationality | British |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Botany, Horticulture |
| Author abbrev. (botany) | Cowley |
|  | |


title: 1885 Antrim by-election

abstract: The 1885 Antrim by-election was a by-election held on Thursday 21 May 1885 for the British House of Commons constituency of Antrim in present-day Northern Ireland.

text:
# 1885 Antrim by-election

The **1885 Antrim by-election** was a by-election held on Thursday 21 May 1885 for the British House of Commons constituency of Antrim in present-day Northern Ireland.

## Vacancy

The by-election was caused by the death, at the age of only 43, of the sitting Conservative MP James Chaine on 4 May 1885. Chaine had been one of the MPs for the constituency since 1874.

## Candidates

The Conservatives selected Robert Torrens O'Neill as their candidate. O'Neill, who was 40 years old at the time of the by-election, was the third son of Lord O'Neill and thus a member of the prominent Irish Chichester family headed by the Marquess of Donegall.

The Liberals chose William Pirrie Sinclair, a 38-year-old, Belfast born merchant and ship owner with business interests in Glasgow, Liverpool and elsewhere.

## The campaign

O'Neill announced his candidature with the issue of an address to the electors of Antrim, calling himself a Constitutional candidate. He said he would try to advance the interests of the tenant farmers and would support measures to enable them to buy their farms on easy terms. He also pledged strenuously to oppose the admission of atheists to Parliament.

Sinclair had two main campaigning themes. He favoured some reform of Irish government but opposed Home Rule. He also took a stand against the policies of his own government in opposing the case for coercion laws, for example those which allowed imprisonment without trial or rent boycotts and those giving government officers the power to change trial venues or appoint special juries.

## Result

Sinclair gained the seat from the Tories with a majority of 139 votes. This seemed to come as something of a surprise to both sides as the Conservatives had been reported as confident and the Liberals rather despondent. The defeat was taken as a bad omen for the Conservatives in view of the forthcoming general election. One commentator put forward the possible explanation that the Conservatives had not taken the election as seriously as they should, given that the general election would soon be upon them. There was a reduced turnout over the previous general election in 1880 and it was felt that the voters too were underwhelmed by the prospect of going to the polls twice in quick succession. The Liberals believed that their candidates stand on Coercion was an important factor. Thomas Alexander Dickson Liberal MP for Tyrone said he had spoken at one of Sinclair's campaign meetings and had been enthusiastically received on this issue. The Times newspaper was sceptical on this as an explanation, which, it reported, could have been down to numerous factors; but it did point to the Coercion question as one which could prove fruitful for the Irish Party at the forthcoming general election and problematic for the Liberals. This certainly seemed to prove true. The Liberals failed to win any seat in what is today Northern Ireland at the 1885 general election, while the Conservatives won sixteen and the Nationalists eight. One psephologist has noted that the fact that the Liberal Party was not in a majority in the House of Commons was caused by the activities of the Irish Nationalists. Charles Stewart Parnell had advised his supporters to vote Conservative if there were no Irish Nationalist candidates running and that it is almost certain the Nationalists caused the loss of at least five, or perhaps seven or more Liberal seats.

The Antrim seat itself was abolished for the 1885 election and divided into four single member divisions. Sinclair stood in North Antrim in a three-cornered contest but was not successful. The defeated O'Neill was luckier. He tried his hand in the new seat of Mid Antrim where he beat Sinclair's by-election helper Thomas Dickson.

Sinclair did however return to the House of Commons at the 1886 general election as Liberal Unionist Party member for Falkirk Burghs in the central Scottish Lowlands.

## Votes

Antrim by-election, 21 May 1885
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **William Pirrie Sinclair** | **3,971** | **50.9** |  |
|  | Conservative | Robert Torrens O'Neill | 3,832 | 49.1 |  |
| Majority | | | 139 | 1.8 |  |
| Turnout | | | 7,803 |  |  |
|  | Liberal **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |


title: 1885 American Cup

abstract: The 1885 American Cup was the inaugural edition of this tournament staged by the American Football Association. Clark O.N.T. was the champion.

text:
# 1885 American Cup

The **1885 American Cup** was the inaugural edition of this tournament staged by the American Football Association. Clark O.N.T. was the champion.

## History

Six teams contended for the first edition played in the 1884–85 season. Five of the teams were from New Jersey and one from New York. The Association and the tournament itself were the result of the success the game had in the previous winter and fall and despite all the teams coming from a relatively limited area it was anticipated that the game would undoubtedly grow. The completion of the trophy was announced several days later. The trophy was exhibited in several places around Newark, Paterson and New York. The trophy, originally valued at $200, was described as having "a neat design in silver and gold appropriate figures of foot ballists being engraved on it". Clark ONT became the first winners of the trophy along with the purse of $150.

## Participants

Clark ONT, established in 1883, played at their association ground in the rear of the Kearny Mills. They wore crimson jerseys, white knickerbockers, and crimson stockings. Paterson wore blue and white striped jerseys, white knickerbockers, and blue stockings. The Domestics, also having blue and white for colors, were composed of employees of the Domestic Manufacturing Company and played at their counterparts baseball ground at Williams Hill. However, in March 1885 the Domestic company no longer allowed the baseball club to use that name so they simply became the Newark baseball club and their field also became Newark baseball grounds aka Emmett street grounds. The Kearny Rangers were a football and cricket club established in 1883 with navy shirts and white shorts. The participants hailing from three different cities were as follows:

| State | City | Team |
| --- | --- | --- |
| New Jersey | Paterson | Caldonian Thistle Club |
| | | Paterson F.B.C. |
| | Newark | Clark O.N.T. |
| | Domestic |
| | Kearny | Kearny Rangers |
| New York | New York | New York F.B.C. |

## Venues

| New Jersey | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| O.N.T. Grounds | O.N.T. GroundsDomestic GroundsOlympic GroundsHoboken |
| | Capacity: |
| |  |
| | Domestic Grounds |
| | Capacity: |
| |  |
| | Olympic Grounds |
| | Capacity: |
| |  |
| |

## First round

The draw for the first round was reported in newspapers on October 1, 1884, after being conducted by the clubs' secretaries at Paterson.

| October 25, 1884 | **Clark O.N.T.** | **2–0** | **Domestic** | Kearny, New Jersey |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 3:00 PM | McGurk
Spillane |  |  | Stadium: O.N.T. AA Grounds
Referee: James Lennox |
| *Note: **ONT**: GK J. Douglas, DF A. Kenworthy, E. Sargent, MF Joe Swithemby, James Howarth, T. Smith, FW J. Spillane, J. Mitchell, Jack Swithemby, James McGurk, William Clark Jr.(c)
**Domestic**: GK W. Hollenbeck, DF J. Corby, F. Ward, MF C. Riker, L. Conklin, FW C. Fairchild, R.O'Toole, H.Chadwick(c), T. Bock, T. Butchford, J.Utter.* | | | | |

| November 1, 1884 | **Kearny Rangers** | **3–2** | **Caledonian Thistle** | Newark, New Jersey |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 4:00 PM |  |  |  | Stadium: Domestic Baseball Grounds |

| November 1, 1884 | **New York** | **5–0** | **Paterson** | Hoboken, New Jersey |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |

## Second round

The secretaries of the remaining three teams met on November 8 in East Newark to make the second round draw which resulted in the Rangers being pitted against New York on Thanksgiving Day with the winner to meet ONT in the final round.

| November 27, 1884 | **Kearney Rangers** | **0–4** | **New York** | Newark, New Jersey |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2:30 PM |  |  |  | Stadium: Domestic Baseball Grounds |
| *Note: **Kearny Rangers**: GK D. Ferguson, DF W. Hood, D. Morris, MF John Hood, James Lennox(c), FW R. Raeburn, J. Hill, A. Bolton, H. Ashley, W. Taylor, J.Milner.* | | | | |

## Final round

The final was played in the snow on Valentine's Day. ONT emerged victorious by a score of 2–1, however captain Mitchell of New York entered a protest indicating that some of the ONT players were not members of the club and that the goal posts were not regulation size. The AFA ordered the game replayed at Paterson.

| February 14, 1885 | **Clark O.N.T.** | **2–1** | **New York** | Newark, New Jersey |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 3:00 PM | Jack Swithemby  15'
McGurck  40' |  | D. Sinclair  80' | Stadium: Emmet Street Grounds
Referee: James Lennox |
| *Note: **O.N.T.**: GK Patrick Hughes, FB Harry Holden, J. Donnelly, HB Joe Swithemby, James Howarth, T. Smith, FW P. Garron, William Thornton, Jack Swithemby(c), Joseph Swarbrick, James McGurk.
**New York**: GK T. Walker, DF A. Johnston, F. Marsterton, MF W. Sinclair, J. Gold, FW A.Mitchell(c), A. Young, J. Lowe, J. Grant, D. Sinclair, D.McNeil.* | | | | |

### replay

| April 25, 1885 | **Clark O.N.T.** | **1-0** | **New York** | Paterson, NJ |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 4:00 PM | Swithemby  44' |  |  | Stadium: Olympic grounds |

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |

## American Cup Bracket

*Home teams listed on top of bracket*

|  | First Round | | |  |  | Second Round | | |  |  | Finals | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **Clark O.N.T.** | 2 |  |  | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | | | | | ||
|  |  | Domestics | 0 |  | ||
|  | | | | |  |  | **Clark O.N.T.** |  |  | |
|  | | | | | |  | | |  | |
|  | |  |  |  | bye |  |  ||
|  |  | | | | | | |  |  | |
|  | |  | | | | | | ||
|  | |  | |  |  ||
|  | |  | | |  | **Clark O.N.T.** | 2-1 |  |
|  | | | | | |  | | | | | | | |  |
|  | |  |  |  | New York F.B.C. | 1-0 |  |
|  |  | | | | | | **Kearny Rangers** | 3 |  |  | | | | |
|  | | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | |  | Caledonian Thistle | 2 | |  |
|  | | | | |  |  | Kearny Rangers | 0 |  |
|  | | | | | |  | | |  |
|  | |  |  |  | **New York F.B.C.** | 4 |  |
|  | | | | | | |  | **New York F.B.C.** | 5 |  |
|  | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | |  | Paterson F.B.C. | 0 |  |

Notes

## Champions

| American Football Association
Challenge Cup |
| --- |
|  |
| **First Title** |
|

1. "Foot Ball". (October 1, 1884). *Newark Daily Advertiser*, p.4 col.2
2. "Football for a cup" (PDF). *Newark Evening News*. October 1, 1884. p.5, col. 1. Retrieved July 10, 2024.
3. "The Foot Ball season" (PDF). *Newark Evening News*. October 17, 1884. p.1, col. 7. Retrieved July 10, 2024.
4. McCabe, Tom (May 27, 2015). "Loose threads". Society for American Soccer History. Retrieved July 9, 2024.
5. "The Season’s Sports". (October 27, 1884). *Newark Daily Advertiser*, p.4 col.1
6. "Local Matters". *Paterson Daily Press*. November 3, 1884. p.3 col.5-6. Retrieved July 25, 2024.
7. "Thanksgiving Sports". (November 28, 1884). *Newark Daily Advertiser*, p.3 col.1
8. "Football In The Snow". *The Sun*. New York, NY. February 15, 1885. Retrieved May 31, 2024  via Newspapers.com.
9. "Sports And Pastimes" (PDF). *Newark Evening News*. April 27, 1885. p.1 col.5. Retrieved July 10, 2024.
10. "The O.N.T.'s Take The Cup". *Paterson Daily Press*. April 27, 1885. p.2 col.5. Retrieved July 25, 2024.
11. "Football Champions". *Newark Sunday Call*. April 26, 1885. p.1 col.4. Retrieved August 20, 2024.

## Sources

## InfoBox

1885 American Cup
| Harry Holden with the trophy | |
| --- | --- |
| Tournament details | |
| Country | United States |
| Dates | October 25, 1884 – April 25, 1885 |
| Teams | 6 |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Clark O.N.T. (1st title) |
| Runner-up | New York |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 6 |
| Goals scored | 20 (3.33 per match) |
|  | |


title: Elizabeth Rickey

abstract: Elizabeth "Beth" Rickey was an American activist and leader in the anti-racism and anti-discrimination movement. Her efforts specifically focused on exposing former neo-Nazi and Ku Klux Klan leader David Duke.

text:
# Elizabeth Rickey

**Elizabeth "Beth" Rickey** (June 11, 1956 – September 12, 2009) was an American activist and leader in the anti-racism and anti-discrimination movement. Her efforts specifically focused on exposing former neo-Nazi and Ku Klux Klan leader David Duke.

## Early life and education

Elizabeth Rickey was born on June 11, 1956, in Lafayette, Louisiana, to Horace B. Rickey Jr., a United States Army lieutenant colonel in World War II, and his wife Flora Ann Womback. She had a brother named Robert and her uncle, Branch Rickey, was the first to sign an African American baseball player, Jackie Robinson, to an MLB team. The family was traditionally-Republican and did not agree with racism or racist ideologies.

She attended what is now the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, where she received a Master of Arts degree in government, and Tulane University, where she earned a PhD in political science.

## Career

Rickey's father was a member of the Louisiana Republican State Central Committee, and in 1988 Rickey also become a member. After hearing David Duke speak on several occasions and one journalist familiar with Rickey noted that she recognized “that Duke was both more sinister than ordinary redneck racists and far more politically savvy." She felt that when he spoke, people could not always sense the racism in his words and as such, would not be able to see his true nature and danger.

After the Louisiana Coalition Against Racism and Nazism was formed in March 1990 by Lance Hill, Lawrence N. Powell, Jane Buchsbaum, and James Stovall, a minister from Baton Rouge, Rickey quickly joined.

### Exposing David Duke

Rickey strongly disagreed with David Duke and viewed him as a sinister person. She stated that he was "a racial ideologue of a type that I have yet to encounter in my entire lifetime," and stated that he was worse than George Wallace and that he is "truly a type that one would find in the 1930s in Germany. He sees himself at this Messiah, that he's going to save the white race". Duke described his time in the Ku Klux Klan as a "youthful indiscretion" and after he was elected to the Louisiana House of Representatives as a Republican, Rickey began following Duke and recording what he stated at public gatherings. She began with a gathering of the Populist Party that was attended by Art Jones, whose hand Duke shook, and by people openly identifying as skinheads and members of the Ku Klux Klan. During his speech he described his win as a "victory for the white majority" and when Rickey's recording was later aired, Duke described the meeting as a conservative, anti-tax rally.

After learning of Rickey, Duke attempted to change her mind by inviting her to lunch, where he tried to convince her that the Holocaust had never happened, Jews in the concentration camps died of starvation, and warned her of the atrocity of mixing races. She took notes during the meeting, which led into her recording of the Populist Party gathering. Duke lost the 1991 election to Governor Edwin Edwards, with only 38.8% of the vote.

### Awards and honors

In 1991, Elizabeth Rickey was nominated by the American Jewish Committee and won the Cavallo Foundation Award, which is given to people who go to great lengths to help and protect society at the risk of their own personal safety. In 2000, nine years before her death, Rickey was inducted into the Louisiana Center for Women in Government and Business Hall of Fame.

The Bard Center for the Study of Hate has created an award named after Rickey, the Beth Rickey Award, which is awarded to an individual who takes extreme action against hate in the world.

## Personal life

After exposing David Duke, Rickey traveled the world and converted to Catholicism, after which she became more focused on religion. She was also diagnosed with Crohn's disease and on September 12, 2009, Rickey died in Santa Fe, New Mexico, as a result of Crohn's disease and a virus she caught during a mission trip to Mexico.

## InfoBox

| Beth Rickey | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1956-06-11)June 11, 1956
Lafayette, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Died | September 12, 2009(2009-09-12) (aged 53)
Santa Fe, New Mexico, U.S. |
| Education | University of Louisiana, Lafayette (BA, MA)
Tulane University (PhD) |
| Political party | Republican |
| Relatives | Branch Rickey (uncle) |


title: Elisabeth Sadoulet

abstract: Elisabeth Sadoulet is an economist and Professor of Agricultural and Resource Economics at the University of California, Berkeley who has carried out field research in China, India, Latin America, and sub-Saharan Africa. Sadoulet was the editor of the World Bank Economic Review from 2010 to 2013, and is a fellow of several scholarly associations in the fields of agriculture and economics. Sadoulet has worked in an advisory capacity with organizations including the Government of Mexico, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the World Bank. She is a senior fellow at the Fondation pour les études et recherches sur le développement international (FERDI).

text:
# Elisabeth Sadoulet

**Elisabeth Sadoulet** is an economist and Professor of Agricultural and Resource Economics at the University of California, Berkeley who has carried out field research in China, India, Latin America, and sub-Saharan Africa. Sadoulet was the editor of the *World Bank Economic Review* from 2010 to 2013, and is a fellow of several scholarly associations in the fields of agriculture and economics.

Sadoulet has worked in an advisory capacity with organizations including the Government of Mexico, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the World Bank. She is a senior fellow at the Fondation pour les études et recherches sur le développement international (FERDI).

## Career

Sadoulet obtained her PhD from the University of Geneva in 1982, after studying mathematics and econometrics. In 1985, she joined the University of California, Berkeley as a Lecturer where she has remained. Along with agronomist and economist Alain de Janvry, whom she met at UC Berkeley, Sadoulet is one of a small number of French economists working in the United States.

Sadoulet was the editor of the *World Bank Economic Review* from 2010 to 2013, and on the editorial board of the *Review of Agricultural and Environmental Studies* from 2008 to 2010.

## Research

Sadoulet's research mainly focuses on agricultural economics. She names Angus Deaton, Irma Adelman, Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo as having influenced her approach to economics as both a quantitative and experimental discipline, in which rigorous analysis became the basis for policy recommendations in normative work with governments, organizations, NGOs, and the private sector.

Throughout her career, she has focused on "how to make agriculture into an effective instrument for development", believing that it is underused and misused, but still presents unique opportunities. Beginning with a focus on growth and poverty, her work includes vulnerability to poverty and risk, inequality and inequity, basic needs in health and education, access to assets, microfinancing, land rental contracts, technology innovation, social programs, community-driven development, adaptation to climate change, resource scarcity, cooperative management of common property resources, and governance.

Sadoulet has published the textbooks *Quantitative development policy analysis* (1995, 2003) and *Development Economics: Theory and practice* (2016, 2021) with Alain De Janvry.

Sadoulet has published in *The American Economic Review* (AER), *The Economic Journal* (EJ), the *Journal of Development Economics* (JDE), *World Development* (WD), and the *Annual Review of Resource Economics*. As of 2022 Sadoulet is ranked #472 in the top 5% of the most prolific economists in the world, with 288 publications listed on IDEAS. Her works have been cited over 28,492 times on Google Scholar.

## Awards

Sadoulet became an honorary life member of the International Association of Agricultural Economists in 2018. She became a fellow of the American Association of Agricultural Economics in 2011. She is also a fellow of the Agricultural & Applied Economics Association (AAEA).

Sadoulet has been recognized by the AAEA for her research, her teaching and her advisory work in the area of international economic development. Sadoulet received the College of Natural Resources (CNR) Distinguished Teaching Award in 2016. She was a recipient of the Publication of Enduring Quality Award at the AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting in 2021.

## Selected publications

## InfoBox

| Elisabeth Sadoulet | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Occupation(s) | Economist and professor |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | University of Geneva |
| Academic work | |
| Institutions | University of California, Berkeley |
|  | |


title: Elisabeth S. Clemens

abstract: Elisabeth Stephanie Clemens is an American sociologist, who is currently the William Rainey Harper Distinguished Service Professor of Sociology and the college at the University of Chicago. Clemens's research is focused on social movements, organizations, and American political development. As of 2016, Clemens has served as editor-in-chief of the American Journal of Sociology.

text:
# Elisabeth S. Clemens

**Elisabeth Stephanie Clemens** is an American sociologist, who is currently the William Rainey Harper Distinguished Service Professor of Sociology and the college at the University of Chicago. Clemens's research is focused on social movements, organizations, and American political development. As of 2016, Clemens has served as editor-in-chief of the *American Journal of Sociology*.

## Education and career

Clemens holds a bachelor's degree in social studies from Harvard University, and in 1990 she graduated from the University of Chicago with a PhD in sociology. At the University of Chicago, Clemens completed her dissertation supervised by Theda Skocpol, Wendy Griswold, and Edward O. Laumann.

From 1990 to 2002, Clemens was a professor at the University of Arizona, before returning to her alma mater the University of Chicago as professor sociology in 2002. Clemens served as department chair from 2012 to 2015, and from 2012 to 2013 she served as president of the Social Science History Association. In 2016, Clemens assumed the role of editor-in-chief of the *American Journal of Sociology*, the discipline's first journal in the United States, from Andrew Abbott who had held the position since 2000.

### *The People's Lobby*

Clemens's first book *The People's Lobby: Organizational Innovation and the Rise of Interest Group Politics in the United States, 1890–1925*, which derived from her dissertation research, argues that beginning in the late nineteenth century American politics was transformed from a system oriented around political party organizations and elections to one oriented around interest groups. This shift was instigated by what Clemens refers to as 'the people's lobby', groups of citizens and voters that influenced party politics through novel forms of civic engagement, which bypassed traditional political processes. Clemens investigates the emergence of the people's lobby across the American states California, Washington, and Wisconsin, arguing that federalism allowed for distinct regional variations. The book was awarded the American Sociological Association's Section on Organizations, Occupations, and Work's Max Weber Book award in 1998 as well as the Political Sociology Section's Outstanding Contribution to Political Sociology award in 1999.

Clemens's research developed in *The People's Lobby* is regarded as engaging with theories of sociological institutions with a focus on organizational innovation. Her scholarship on institutions has been discussed in reviews of sociological literature on social movements and institutionalism.

## Bibliography

### Sole-authored books

* Clemens, Elisabeth S. (2020). *Civic Gifts: Benevolence and the Making of the American Nation-State*. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0226670836.
* Clemens, Elisabeth S. (2016). *What Is Political Sociology?*. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. ISBN 978-0745691619.
* Clemens, Elisabeth S. (1997). *The People's Lobby: Organizational Innovation and the Rise of Interest Group Politics in the United States, 1890-1925*. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226109933.

### Co-edited books

## InfoBox

| Elisabeth Stephanie Clemens | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Education | PhD |
| Alma mater | Harvard University (BA 1980)University of Chicago (MA 1985, PhD 1990) |
| Thesis | *Organizing as Interests: The Transformation of Social Politics in the United States, 1890–1920* (1990) |
| Doctoral advisor | Theda Skocpol |
| Other advisors | Wendy Griswold, Edward O. Laumann |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Sociologist |
| Institutions | University of Arizona (1990–2002)<br>University of Chicago (2002–present) |
|  | |


title: Dwarka Nath Mitra

abstract: Dwarka Nath Mitra was a famous lawyer and judge of the Calcutta High Court. Dwarka Nath Mitra was born in 1833 in Hooghly district and educated at Hooghly College where he excelled in mathematics and English literature. He studied law at Presidency College and joined the bar at the Sadr Diwani Adalat in 1856. He was appointed a judge of the High Court in 1867 at the age of 34 years old after the death of Sambhunath Pandit, the first Indian judge of the Calcutta High Court. Lord Northbrook, Viceroy of India, described Dwarka Nath Mitra as one of the most brilliant men he had ever met and said if he were "put... in a trio with Gladstone and Lowe... would not be the least clever of the three." He died at the age of 41 on 25 February 1874.

text:
# Dwarka Nath Mitra

**Dwarka Nath Mitra** (1833 - 25 February 1874) was a famous lawyer and judge of the Calcutta High Court.

Dwarka Nath Mitra was born in 1833 in Hooghly district and educated at Hooghly College where he excelled in mathematics and English literature. He studied law at Presidency College and joined the bar at the Sadr Diwani Adalat in 1856. He was appointed a judge of the High Court in 1867 at the age of 34 years old after the death of Sambhunath Pandit, the first Indian judge of the Calcutta High Court. Lord Northbrook, Viceroy of India, described Dwarka Nath Mitra as one of the most brilliant men he had ever met and said if he were "put ... in a trio with Gladstone and Lowe ... would not be the least clever of the three." He died at the age of 41 on 25 February 1874.


title: Erik van Zuylen

abstract: Erik van Zuylen is a retired Dutch film director and screenwriter. He has directed nine films between 1975 and 2005.

text:
# Erik van Zuylen

**Erik van Zuylen** (born 1943) is a retired Dutch film director and screenwriter. He has directed nine films between 1975 and 2005.

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Erik van Zuylen | |
| --- | --- |
| Erik van Zuylen in Utrecht, 1967 | |
| Born | 1943 (age 8081)<br>Utrecht, Netherlands |
| Occupation(s) | Film director, screenwriter |
| Years active | 1975–2005 |


title: Anne Marsh (artist)

abstract: Anne Marsh is an Australian feminist art theorist. As of 2022 she is professorial research fellow at the Victorian College of the Arts.

text:
# Anne Marsh (artist)

**Anne Marsh** is an Australian feminist art theorist. As of 2022 she is professorial research fellow at the Victorian College of the Arts.

## Career

Originally trained as a sculptor in the 1970s, Marsh first was involved with sculpture performances often identified with the emerging feminist art movement in Australia, and was a member of the Women's Art Movement. She also belonged to the group of women artists who worked upon the *Lip* magazine.

Marsh is well known as a feminist art theorist and has published many essays, journal articles, exhibition catalogues and reviews in Australia and internationally. Monograph publications include a survey of performance art in Australia *Body and Self: Performance Art in Australia, 1969–1992* and photography and modernism from the nineteenth century onwards – *The Darkroom: Photography and the Theatre of Desire*

She has also received Australian Research Council (ARC) Discovery grants as sole researcher and as part of a team around the areas of photography, video and performance.

In 2017 she did a three-month residency at the Norma Redpath House and Studios.

As of 2022 she is professorial research fellow at the Victorian College of the Arts.

## Works

* *Body and self : performance art in Australia 1969–92* (1993) Oxford University Press
* *The Darkroom : photography and the theatre of desire* (2003) Macmillan
* *Pat Brassington: This is Not a Photograph*, (2006) Quintus an imprint of the University of Tasmania
* *Look! Contemporary Australian Photography* (2010) Macmillan
* *Performance, Ritual, Document* (2014) Macmillan
* *Doing feminism : women's art and feminist criticism in Australia* (2021) The Miegunyah Press


title: Alexander Wells (California judge)

abstract: Alexander Wells was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of California.

text:
# Alexander Wells (California judge)

**Alexander Wells** (October 7, 1819 – October 31, 1854) was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of California.

## Early life

Wells was born on October 7, 1819, in New York City.

## Career

He was admitted to the bar about 1842, and practiced law in New York City. He also entered politics as a Democrat, and was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1846.

About 1850, he moved to California. In April 1852, he was appointed a temporary Associate Justice of the California Supreme Court, to serve during the absence of Justice Solomon Heydenfeldt, and remained on the bench until October.

In 1852, he won the Democratic nomination in a special election for Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of California, defeating the incumbent Alexander O. Anderson who had been appointed to the vacancy caused by the resignation of Henry A. Lyons. On November 2, 1852, Wells was elected for the remainder of the term, which expired at the end of 1854. In 1854, he was nominated for election to a full term, but died before the election. One historian summed up his judicial career as follows: "The sixth associate justice, Alexander Wells, who came to the bench in 1853 at the age of 59, \[*sic*\] died a year later, leaving no published legal mark on the court".

## Personal life

On October 7, 1846, he married Annie Van Rensselaer Van Wyck (1822–1919), the daughter of Philip Gilbert Van Wyck (1786–1870) and Mary Smith (née Gardiner) Van Wyck (1788–1858). Her paternal grandparents were Catherine Van Cortlandt (1751–1829) and Abraham Van Wyck (1748–1786) and her uncles were Pierre Van Cortlandt Van Wyck and David Gardiner. Wells was introduced to Annie by her cousin, Stephen Van Rensselaer. Together they had:

* Ann Van Cortlandt Wells (1848–1848), who died young.
* Gertrude Van Cortlandt Wells (1849–1944), who married Schuyler Hamilton, Jr. (1853–1907), the son of Schuyler Hamilton and grandson of Alexander Hamilton, in 1877. Before their divorce in 1884, they had three children. In 1901, she married the Baron Raoul Nicholas de Graffenried. He was the son of Baron Emanuel de Graffenried, Ambassador from Switzerland to Austria, and his wife, Baroness Gabrielle de Barco, lady-in-waiting to the Empress of Austria, assassinated at Geneva, while traveling the Swiss Alps. They divorced in 1908.
* Grady Wells (1852–1854), who died young.

Wells died suddenly on October 31, 1854, at his home in San Jose, California. In 1903, his widow inherited the estate of her sister, Joanna L. Van Wyck, estimated at several million dollars.

## InfoBox

| Alexander Wells | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Associate Justice of the California Supreme Court | |
| **In office**
January 3, 1853  October 31, 1854 | |
| Preceded by | Alexander O. Anderson |
| Succeeded by | Charles Henry Bryan |
| Member of the New York State Assembly for New York Co. | |
| **In office**
January 1, 1846  December 31, 1846 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1819-10-07)October 7, 1819
New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Died | October 31, 1854(1854-10-31) (aged 35)
San Jose, California, U.S. |
| Spouse | Annie Van Rensselaer Van Wyck  (m. 1846) |
|  | |


title: Edwin Erickson

abstract: Edwin B. Erickson III was an American politician. He served multiple terms on the Council of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, including two years as its chairman. He was later elected to the Pennsylvania Senate, representing the 26th District from 2001 to 2015. The district included most of Delaware County and parts of Chester County. From 1989 to 1992, Erickson served as a regional administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for Region III, which encompassed several states in the Mid-Atlantic region.

text:
# Edwin Erickson

**Edwin B. Erickson III** (May 18, 1938 – January 8, 2019) was an American politician. He served multiple terms on the Council of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, including two years as its chairman. He was later elected to the Pennsylvania Senate, representing the 26th District from 2001 to 2015. The district included most of Delaware County and parts of Chester County. From 1989 to 1992, Erickson served as a regional administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for Region III, which encompassed several states in the Mid-Atlantic region.

## Biography

Erickson was born in Philadelphia on May 18, 1938. He earned a B.S. in biology and chemistry from Albright College in 1960, and taught general biology, anatomy and physiology, cell physiology and zoology at Drexel University and East Stroudsburg State College from 1962 to 1969. In 1969, he earned a Ph.D. in biochemistry and microbiology from Bryn Mawr College. From 1969 to 1973, he was tenured assistant professor of Biology at Hamilton College, where he taught microbiology, biochemistry and general biology. He was member of the Army Science Board, in which capacity he served as an advisor to the United States Army on scientific and technological matters.

Erickson served as director of Public Health and later the chief administrative officer (1976–82) of Upper Darby Township. He was elected to the Delaware County Council in 1982, and served as council chairman from 1987 to 1989. While serving on the council, he was known for being active in guiding the policy behind the Delaware County Regional Water Quality Control Authority, which served most of Delaware County.

## Pennsylvania Senate

On March 20, 2001, Erickson won a special election with 60% of the vote to the Pennsylvania Senate to fill the unexpired term of F. Joseph Loeper, who resigned after pleading guilty to falsifying tax documents. Erickson was seated on April 23, 2001. He represented the 26th District from 2001 to 2015, which included most of Delaware County and parts of Chester County. He was a member of the following caucuses: Arthritis Caucus, Autism Caucus, Biotechnology/Life Science Caucus, Delaware River Basin Caucus, Delaware River Port Caucus, Firefighter and Emergency Services Caucus, and Pro-Life Caucus. In addition, Senator Erickson served on the Local Government Commission, Pennsylvania Energy Development Authority, and Pennsylvania Higher Education Assistance Agency Board of Directors. He also served as the Majority Policy Chair from 2010 to 2014. Erickson was a key part of the enactment of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 2006, and also led efforts to pass the Alternative Energy Portfolio Standards Act. In 2013, Erickson announced that he would not run for reelection again. He spent his last term in office sponsoring, among other bills, a plan to create and expand community-based healthcare clinics within Pennsylvania. Erickson's last term in the Senate ended in January 2015.

## Later life

From 1989 to 1992, Erickson served as a regional administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for Region III (Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia and the District of Columbia). He was executive director of Delaware County from 1992 to 2001. Erickson died on January 8, 2019, at the age of 80. Delaware County flags were lowered to half-mast in his honor.

## InfoBox

| Edwin "Ted" Erickson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Pennsylvania Senate
from the 26th district | |
| **In office**
April 23, 2001  January 2, 2015 | |
| Preceded by | F. Joseph Loeper |
| Succeeded by | Thomas J. McGarrigle |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | May 18, 1938
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | (aged 80) |
| Political party | Republican |
| Residence(s) | Newtown Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania |
| Alma mater | Albright College, Bryn Mawr College |
|  | |


title: Arctagrostis latifolia

abstract: Arctagrostis latifolia, the wideleaf polargrass, is a widespread species of grass, with a circumpolar distribution in the high Arctic. It is a tetraploid with chromosome number 2n = 4x = 28.

text:
# Arctagrostis latifolia

***Arctagrostis latifolia***, the **wideleaf polargrass**, is a widespread species of grass (family Poaceae), with a circumpolar distribution in the high Arctic. It is a tetraploid with chromosome number 2n = 4x = 28.

## InfoBox

| *Arctagrostis latifolia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Botanical illustration | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Pooideae |
| Genus: | *Arctagrostis* |
| Species: | ***A. latifolia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Arctagrostis latifolia***<br>(R.Br.) Griseb. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| List * + *Arctagrostis anadyrensis* V.N.Vassil.     + *Arctagrostis aristulata* Petrov     + *Arctagrostis glauca* Petrov     + *Arctagrostis latifolia* var. *aristulata* (Petrov) Tzvelev     + *Arctagrostis latifolia* var. *gigantea* (Tzvelev) Tzvelev     + *Arctagrostis latifolia* var. *longiglumis* Polunin     + *Arctagrostis latifolia* subsp. *nahanniensis* A.E.Porsild     + *Arctagrostis stricta* Petrov     + *Cinna brownii* Rupr.     + *Colpodium latifolium* R.Br.     + *Panicularia latifolia* (R.Br.) Kuntze     + *Vilfa xerampelina* Trin. | |


title: Alur Limbat

abstract: Alur Limbat is a state constituency in Terengganu, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly. The state constituency was first contested in 1995 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system.

text:
# Alur Limbat

**Alur Limbat** is a state constituency in Terengganu, Malaysia, that has been represented in the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly.

The state constituency was first contested in 1995 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system.

## Demographics

Ethnic breakdown of Alur Limbat's electorate as of 2018

Malay (96.64%)  Chinese (3.08%)  Other ethnicities (0.18%)  Indian (0.1%)

## History

### Polling Districts

According to the gazette issued on 30 March 2018, the Alur Limbat constituency has a total of 9 polling districts.

| State Constituency | Polling Districts | Code | Location |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Alur Limbat (N17) | Pulau Manis | 037/17/01 | SK Serada |
| | Rawai | 037/17/02 | SK Simpang Rawai |
| | Tasik | 037/17/03 | * SK Tasek * Balai Raya Kg. Wakaf Dua |
| | Banggul Tok Ku | 037/17/04 | SK Kampung Baharu Serada |
| | Beladau Selat | 037/17/05 | SK Bangol Katong |
| | Kepung | 037/17/06 | SK Kepong |
| | Padang Midin | 037/17/07 | SK Padang Midin |
| | Gelugur Kedai | 037/17/08 | * SK Gelugor * SMK Padang Midin |
| | Tebakang | 037/17/09 | SK Simpang Rawai |

### Representation History

| Members of the Legislative Assembly for Alur Limbat | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Assembly | Years | Members | Party |
| *Constituency created from Serada* | | | |
| 9th | 1995–1999 | Yahaya Ali | **PAS** |
| 10th | 1999–2004 | | |
| 11th | 2004–2008 | Alias Abdullah | **BN** (**UMNO**) |
| 12th | 2008–2013 | | |
| 13th | 2013–2018 | Ariffin Deraman | **PR** (**PAS**) |
| 14th | 2018–2020 | | **PAS** |
| | 2020–2023 | | **PN** (**PAS**) |
| 15th | | | 2023–present |

## Election results

Terengganu state election, 2023: Alur Limbat
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ∆% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | PAS | Ariffin Deraman | 20,133 | 72.92 |  |
|  | BN | Yuseri Isa | 7,477 | 27.08 |  |
| Total valid votes | | | 27,610 | 100.00 |
| Total rejected ballots | | | 212 |
| Unreturned ballots | | | 34 |
| Turnout | | | 27,856 | 77.19 |
| Registered electors | | | 36,087 |
| Majority | | | 12,656 | 45.84 |
|  | PAS **hold** | | Swing | |  |
|  | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Alur Limbat
| Terengganu constituency | |
| --- | --- |
| State constituency | |
| Legislature | Terengganu State Legislative Assembly |
| MLA |
     Ariffin Deraman
PN |
| Constituency created | 1994 |
| First contested | 1995 |
| Last contested | 2023 |
| Demographics | |
| Electors (2023) | 36,087 |


title: .er

abstract: .er is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Eritrea.

text:
# .er

**.er** is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Eritrea.

## 2nd level domains

A number of second level domains exist; however, there is no information available about their exact purposes (although inferences can be made) or restrictions.

* **com.er**, likely for commercial entities/businesses
* **edu.er**, likely for educational institutions
* **gov.er**, reserved for the Eritrean government
* **mil.er**, reserved for the Eritrean military; empty zone (unchanged since August 2004)
* **net.er**, likely for network operators/providers
* **org.er**, likely for nonprofit organisations
* **ind.er**, likely for Eritrean individuals; empty zone (unchanged since August 2004)

## InfoBox

.er
| Introduced | 24 September 1996 |
| --- | --- |
| TLD type | Country code top-level domain |
| Status | Active |
| Registry | EriTel |
| Sponsor | Ministry of Transport and Communications |
| Intended use | Entities connected with Eritrea |
| Actual use | Very few in use; no known registry site |
| Registered domains | \<70 (2020) |
| Structure | Registrations are at third level beneath names such as .com.er and .org.er |


title: Anne Marshall (swimmer)

abstract: Anne Marshall is a female former swimmer who competed for England.

text:
# Anne Marshall (swimmer)

**Anne Marshall** (born 1941) is a female former swimmer who competed for England.

## Swimming career

She represented England and won a gold medal in the 440 yards medley relay and silver medal in the 440 yards freestyle relay at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Cardiff, Wales.

She swam for the Kingston Ladies and Hampstead Swimming Clubs.

## InfoBox

Anne Marshall
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | England |
| Born | 1941 (age 8283)<br>Surrey |
| Medal record      Swimming  Representing  England  British Empire & Commonwealth Games  1958 Cardiff 440y medley relay  1958 Cardiff 440y freestyle relay | |


title: Antoine Scopelliti

abstract: Antoine Scopelliti was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate who served as Coadjutor Bishop of Ambatondrazaka from 1991 to 1993 and Bishop of Ambatondrazaka from 1993 to 2015.

text:
# Antoine Scopelliti

| Styles of
**Antoine Scopelliti** | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Reference style |  |
| Spoken style | Your Excellency |
| Religious style | Bishop |

**Antoine Scopelliti** (9 April 1939 – 22 October 2023) was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate who served as Coadjutor Bishop of Ambatondrazaka from 1991 to 1993 and Bishop of Ambatondrazaka from 1993 to 2015.

## Biography

Scopelliti was born in Gallico Superiore, a neighborhood in Reggio Calabria, on 9 April 1939. He entered the Order of the Holy Trinity, where he was ordained a priest on 18 December 1965, in the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie alle Fornaci, by Francesco Vollaro, Bishop of Ambatondrazaka. He was assigned to the Trinitarian missions in Madagascar.

Scopelliti was appointed by Pope John Paul II as Coadjutor Bishop of Ambatondrazaka on 21 January 1991. He received episcopal consecration from the same bishop who ordained him a priest, on 5 May of the same year. The Auxiliary Bishop of Mahajanga, Michel Malo, and the Bishop of Antsirabe, Philibert Randriambololona, participated in the consecration. With the retirement of Vollaro, Scopelliti succeeded him on 6 March 1993 as Bishop of Ambatondrazaka.

Pope Francis accepted Scopelliti's age-related resignation on 11 April 2015. He thus became Bishop Emeritus of Ambatondrazaka.

Scopelliti died on 22 October 2023, at the age of 84.

## InfoBox

| Antoine Scopelliti | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop Emeritus of Ambatondrazaka | |
| Metropolis | Toamasina |
| Installed | 6 March 1993 |
| Term ended | 11 April 2015 |
| Predecessor | Francesco Vollaro |
| Successor | Jean de Dieu Raoelison |
| Previous post(s) | * Coadjutor Bishop of Ambatondrazaka (1991–1993) |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 18 December 1965
by Francesco Vollaro |
| Consecration | 5 May 1991
by Francesco Vollaro |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1939-04-09)9 April 1939
Gallico Superiore, Italy |
| Died | 22 October 2023(2023-10-22) (aged 84)
Reggio Calabria, Italy |


title: 100% (EP)

abstract: 100% is the second extended play by Mexican-American singer and songwriter Monogem, which was released on May 19, 2017. The EP was supported by four singles: "Gone", "Take It Slow", "Wild", and "100%".

text:
# 100% (EP)

***100%*** is the second extended play by Mexican-American singer and songwriter Monogem, which was released on May 19, 2017. The EP was supported by four singles: "Gone", "Take It Slow", "Wild", and "100%".

## Release and promotion

### Singles

At the end of 2015, Monogem released a single titled "Gone". On April 22, 2016, she released another single, "Take It Slow", which features a "slinking beat, ethereal synths, and the singer's smokey alto".

A year later on January 20, 2016, the single "Wild" was released. The single also included a music video featuring Matthew RC Taylor and Coco Arquette, the daughter of Courteney Cox. The music video includes "a dreamy and colorful story about... two young teenagers getting wild in their own unique way". The video was released on March 29, 2017.

"100%" was released as the last single from the EP.

### Remix

Monogem released a remixed version of her second extended play that features producers Zach Nicita, Paperwhite, Jamie Prado and ELIS.

## Track listing

*100%* track listing
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Realize" |  | 1:51 |
| 2. | "100%" |  | 3:45 |
| 3. | "Wild" | * Harlan Alexander Silverman * Jennifer Hirsh * Peter Joel Dyer | 3:36 |
| 4. | "Take It Slow" | * Jennifer Hirsh * Peter Joel Dyer * Nate Lotz | 3:29 |
| 5. | "Talk" |  | 4:15 |
| 6. | "I Am" |  | 3:07 |
| 7. | "Gone" |  | 3:37 |
| Total length: | | | 23:34 |

*100% (The Remixes)* track listing
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "I Am" (Zach Nicita Remix) | 3:22 |
| 2. | "Gone" (Paperwhite Remix) | 3:31 |
| 3. | "Wild" (Jamie Prado Remix) | 3:28 |
| 4. | "I Am" (Elis Remix) | 3:06 |
| Total length: | | 13:45 |

## Release history

Release dates and formats for *100%*
| Region | Date | Format(s) | Version | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Various | May 19, 2017 |  | Original | Monogem |  |
| | | September 24, 2017 | | Remix |  |

## InfoBox

| 100% | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Monogem | |
| Released | May 19, 2017 (2017-05-19) |
| Length | 23:34 |
| Language | English |
| Label | Monogem (self-released) |
| Producer |  |
| Monogem chronology | |
| *Monogem*
(2015) ***100%***
(2017) *So Many Ways*
(2019) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *100%* | |
| 1. "Gone"
Released: October 9, 2015 2. "Take It Slow"
Released: April 22, 2016 3. "Wild"
Released: January 20, 2017 4. "100%"
Released: April 25, 2017 | |
|  | |


title: 2004 College Baseball All-America Team

abstract: An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position—who in turn are given the honorific "All-America" and typically referred to as "All-American athletes", or simply "All-Americans". Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889. The NCAA recognizes four different All-America selectors for the 2004 college baseball season: the American Baseball Coaches Association, Baseball America, Collegiate Baseball, and the National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association.

text:
# 2004 College Baseball All-America Team

2004 All-Americans included two-time unanimous All-Americans Alex Gordon (left) and Jered Weaver (right).

An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position—who in turn are given the honorific "All-America" and typically referred to as "All-American athletes", or simply "All-Americans". Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889.

The NCAA recognizes four different All-America selectors for the 2004 college baseball season: the American Baseball Coaches Association (since 1947), *Baseball America* (since 1981), *Collegiate Baseball* (since 1991), and the National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association (since 2001).

## Key

| ABCA | American Baseball Coaches Association |
| --- | --- |
| BA | *Baseball America* |
| CB | *Collegiate Baseball* |
| NCBWA | National Collegiate Baseball Writers Association |
|  | Awarded the Golden Spikes Award or Dick Howser Trophy as national Player of the Year |
| Player (X) | Denotes the number of times the player had been named an All-American at that point |
|  | Inducted into the National College Baseball Hall of Fame |

## All-Americans

| Position | Name | School | ABCA | BA | CB | NCBWA | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Starting pitcher | J.P. Howell | Texas | Y | Y | Y | Y |  |
| Starting pitcher | Nate Moore | Troy |  | Y |  |  | Was the ERA champion for 2004, with a 1.25 ERA through 64 innings pitched. |
| Starting pitcher | Jered Weaver (2) | Long Beach State | Y | Y | Y | Y | ABCA, *Baseball America* & *Collegiate Baseball* POY, 213 strikeouts in a single season (2004) (6th in Division I) |
| Starting pitcher | Philip Humber | Rice | Y |  | Y | Y |  |
| Starting pitcher | Wade Townsend | Rice |  | Y | Y | Y |  |
| Starting pitcher | Matt Fox | UCF |  | Y | Y |  |  |
| Starting pitcher | Justin Hoyman | Florida | Y |  | Y |  |  |
| Relief pitcher | Huston Street (2) | Texas | Y |  |  | Y | 2002 College World Series Most Outstanding Player, 41 career saves (T-8th in Division I), 5.46 career H/9 (10th in Division I), 2005 AL Rookie of the Year |
| Relief pitcher | Nate Moore | Texas |  | Y |  |  |  |
| Relief pitcher | Austin Tubb | Southern Miss |  |  | Y | Y |  |
| Catcher | Kurt Suzuki | Cal State Fullerton | Y | Y | Y |  | Johnny Bench Award |
| Catcher | Landon Powell (2) | South Carolina |  |  |  | Y |  |
| First baseman | Billy Becher (2) | New Mexico State |  |  | Y | Y | 118 RBI in a single season (2003) (6th in Division I), 32 HR in a single season (2003) (T-9th in Division I),. 822 career slugging percentage (10th in Division I) |
| First baseman | Josh Brady | Texas Tech | Y |  |  |  |  |
| First baseman | Mike Ferris | Miami (OH) |  | Y |  |  |  |
| Second baseman | Jed Lowrie | Stanford |  | Y | Y |  |  |
| Second baseman | Warner Jones | Vanderbilt | Y | Y |  |  | Made Baseball America first team as Designated Hitter |
| Second baseman | Jarrett Hoffpauir | Southern Miss |  |  |  | Y |  |
| Third baseman | Alex Gordon | Nebraska | Y | Y | Y | Y | 2011 Gold Glove Award |
| Shortstop | Brian Bixler | Eastern Michigan | Y |  | Y |  |  |
| Shortstop | Dustin Pedroia (2) | Arizona State |  | Y |  | Y | 34 doubles in a single season (2003) (T-7th in Division I), 2008 AL MVP, 3x MLB All-Star, 2x Gold Glove Award winner, 2008 Silver Slugger Award winner, 2007 AL Rookie of the Year |
| Outfielder | Eddy Martinez-Esteve | Florida State | Y | Y | Y | Y | Made ABCA team as Designated Hitter |
| Outfielder | Chris Rahl | William & Mary | Y |  | Y | Y |  |
| Outfielder | Eric Nielsen | UNLV | Y |  | Y |  |  |
| Outfielder | Jon Zeringue | LSU | Y |  |  | Y |  |
| Outfielder | Brad Corley | Mississippi State |  | Y |  |  |  |
| Outfielder | Marshall Hubbard | North Carolina | Y |  |  |  |  |
| Outfielder | Danny Putnam | Stanford |  | Y |  |  |  |
| Designated Hitter | Ryan Jones | East Carolina |  |  | Y | Y |  |
| Utility player | Dennis Bigley | Oral Roberts | Y |  |  |  |  |
| Utility player | Stephen Head | Mississippi |  | Y |  |  |  |
| Utility player | P.J. Hiser | Pittsburgh |  |  | Y |  |  |