title: Duke Xuan of Chen

abstract: Duke Xuan of Chen, personal name Gui Chujiu, was a ruler of the Chen state.

text:
# Duke Xuan of Chen

**Duke Xuan of Chen** (Chinese: 陳宣公; pinyin: *Chén Xuān Gōng*; reigned 692 BC – died 648 BC), personal name **Gui Chujiu**, was a ruler of the Chen state.

## Accession to the throne

Duke Xuan was a younger son of Duke Huan, whose brother Chen Tuo murdered Duke Xuan's eldest brother Crown Prince Mian and usurped the throne in 707 BC. The army of the neighbouring Cai state killed Chen Tuo in 706 BC and installed Duke Li, another brother of Duke Xuan, on the Chen throne.

Duke Li reigned for seven years and died in 700 BC. However, it was his younger brother Lin (Duke Zhuang) who succeeded him, instead of his son Chen Wan (陳完). After Duke Zhuang's death in 693 BC, Duke Xuan succeeded his brother as ruler of Chen.

## Reign

In 689 BC, Chen, together with the states of Lu, Song, and Cai, joined the major state of Qi to attack the state of Wey, in order to restore Duke Hui of Wey to the throne.

In 676 BC, King Hui of Zhou married a princess of Chen, who became known as Queen Hui of Zhou.

Duke Xuan's original heir apparent was Crown Prince Yukou. However, in 672 BC, the 21st year of his reign, Duke Xuan's favourite concubine gave birth to a son named Kuan. Duke Xuan killed Yukou and made Kuan his new heir apparent. Yukou was close to Duke Li's son Chen Wan. Afraid that his life was also in danger, Chen Wan fled to the State of Qi in the northeast. Duke Huan of Qi made Chen Wan an official in charge of manufacturing, and Chen Wan established the Chen (later known as Tian) clan in Qi. The Chen clan of Qi would grow increasingly powerful over the centuries, and eventually usurped the Qi throne.

In 656 BC, the hegemon Duke Huan of Qi led an alliance of eight states to attack the states of Cai and Chu in the south. Chen was part of the alliance. The allied forces routed Cai, but returned without fighting the Chu. The Qi army needed to cross Chen territory on its way home. Yuan Taotu, a minister of Chen, was worried that the Qi army would demand resources from Chen and suggested to Duke Huan that the army take an eastern route through the Dongyi territory. Duke Huan agreed, but later discovered his intent and arrested him. Qi then proceeded to attack Chen as punishment.

Duke Xuan reigned for 45 years and died in 648 BC. He was succeeded by his son Kuan, posthumously known as Duke Mu of Chen.

## Bibliography

* Han, Zhaoqi, ed. (2010). "Houses of Chen and Qi". *Shiji* 史记 (in Chinese). Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company. ISBN 978-7-101-07272-3.
* Yang, Bojun, ed. (2009). 春秋左传注 \[*Annotated Chunqiu Zuozhuan*\] (in Chinese) (3rd revised ed.). Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company. ISBN 978-7-101-07074-3.

## InfoBox

| Duke Xuan of Chen
陳宣公 | |
| --- | --- |
| 16th ruler of Chen | |
| Reign | 692–648 BC |
| Predecessor | Duke Zhuang of Chen |
| Successor | Duke Mu of Chen |
|  | |
| Died | 648 BC |
| Issue | Yukou
Duke Mu of Chen |
| Names  Gui Chujiu (媯杵臼)  Posthumous name  Duke Xuan (宣公) | |
| House | Gui |
| Dynasty | Chen |
| Father | Duke Huan of Chen |


title: Duellman's pigmy leaf-toed gecko

abstract: Duellman's pigmy leaf-toed gecko, also known commonly as la salamanquesa pigmea de Duellman in Mexican Spanish, is a species of lizard in the family Phyllodactylidae. The species is endemic to Mexico.

text:
# Duellman's pigmy leaf-toed gecko

**Duellman's pigmy leaf-toed gecko** (***Phyllodactylus duellmani***), also known commonly as ***la salamanquesa pigmea de Duellman*** in Mexican Spanish, is a species of lizard in the family Phyllodactylidae. The species is endemic to Mexico.

## Etymology

The specific name, *duellmani*, is in honor of American herpetologist William Edward Duellman.

## Geographic range

*P. duellmani* is found in the Mexican state of Michoacán.

## Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of *P. duellmani* is forest, where it has been found on tree branches and on rocks.

## Reproduction

*P. duellmani* is oviparous.

## Further reading

* Dixon JR (1960). "Two New Geckos, Genus *Phyllodactylus* (Reptilia:Sauria), from Michoacan, Mexico". *Southwestern Naturalist* **5** (1): 37–42. (*Phyllodactylus duellmani*, new species, p. 37).
* Dixon JR (1964). "The Systematics and Distribution of Lizards of the Genus *Phyllodactylus* in North and Central America". *New Mexico State University Scientific Bulletin* **64**: 1–139. (*Phyllodactylus duellmani*, p. 97).
* Ramírez-Reyes T, Blair C, Flores-Villela O, Piñero D, Lathrop A, Murphy R (2020). "Phylogenomics and molecular species delimitation reveals great cryptic diversity of leaf-toed geckos (Phyllodactylidae; *Phyllodactylus*), ancient origins, and diversification in Mexico". *Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution* **150** (9): 1–18.
* Rösler H (2000). "*Kommentierte Liste der rezent, subrezent und fossil bekannten Geckotaxa (Reptilia: Gekkonomorpha)*". *Gekkota* **2**: 28–153. (*Phyllodactylus duellmani*, p. 104). (in German).

## InfoBox

| Duellman's pigmy leaf-toed gecko | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Phyllodactylidae |
| Genus: | *Phyllodactylus* |
| Species: | ***P. duellmani*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phyllodactylus duellmani***
Dixon, 1960 | |
|


abstract: Dufferin was an electoral riding in Ontario, Canada. It was created in 1875 and was abolished into Dufferin–Simcoe before the 1934 election.

text:
# Dufferin (provincial electoral district)

**Dufferin** was an electoral riding in Ontario, Canada. It was created in 1875 and was abolished into Dufferin–Simcoe before the 1934 election.

## Members of Provincial Parliament

| Dufferin | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Assembly | Years | Member | | Party |
| 3rd | 1875–1879 |  | John Barr | Conservative |
| 4th | 1879–1883 | | William Jelly | |
| 5th | 1883–1886 | | Robert McGhee | |
| 6th | 1886–1890 | | Falkner Cornwall Stewart | |
| 7th | 1890–1894 | | John Barr | |
| 8th | 1894–1898 |  | William Dynes | Patrons of Industry |
| 9th | 1898–1902 |  | John Barr | Conservative |
| 10th | 1902–1904 | | | |
| 11th | 1905–1907 | | Frederick William Lewis | |
| | 1907–1908 | | Charles Robert McKeown | |
| 12th | | | 1908–1911 | |
| 13th | | | 1911–1914 | |
| 14th | | | 1914–1919 | |
| 15th | 1919–1923 |  | Thomas Kerr Slack | United Farmers |
| 16th | 1923–1926 |  | Charles Robert McKeown | Conservative |
| 17th | 1926–1929 |  | Thomas Kerr Slack | Progressive |
| 18th | 1929–1934 | | | |
| **Sourced from the Ontario Legislative Assembly** | | | | |
| ***Merged into Dufferin–Simcoe before the 1934 election*** | | | | |

## Election results

| 1875 Ontario general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | Liberal–Conservative | John Barr | 982 | 46.06 |
|  | Conservative | M. McCarthy | 727 | 34.10 |
|  | Conservative | T. Armstrong | 390 | 18.29 |
|  | Liberal | W. Parsons | 33 | 1.55 |
| Turnout | | | 2,132 | 66.23 |
| Eligible voters | | | 3,219 |
|  | Liberal–Conservative **pickup** new district. | | | | | | |
| Source: Elections Ontario | | | | | | |

| 1879 Ontario general election | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Conservative | John Barr | 1,357 | 55.32 | +2.93 |
|  | Independent | Robert McGhee | 1,096 | 44.68 |  |
| Total valid votes | | | 2,453 | 58.18 | 8.05 |
| Eligible voters | | | 4,216 |
|  | Conservative **gain** from Liberal–Conservative | | Swing | | +2.93 |
| Source: Elections Ontario | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Dufferin
| Ontario electoral district | |
| --- | --- |
| Defunct provincial electoral district | |
| Legislature | Legislative Assembly of Ontario |
| District created | 1875 |
| District abolished | 1934 |
| First contested | 1875 |
| Last contested | 1929 |


title: Dupontia fisheri

abstract:
Dupontia is a genus of Arctic and Subarctic plants in the grass family.
  - Species The only known species is Dupontia fisheri, common name tundragrass. It is native to northern Canada, plus Alaska, Greenland, Svalbard, and Russia.
  - formerly included see × Arctodupontia, Graphephorum
  - Dupontia cooleyi – Graphephorum melicoides
  - Dupontia × scleroclada – × Arctodupontia scleroclada

text:
# Dupontia fisheri

***Dupontia*** is a genus of Arctic and Subarctic plants in the grass family.

Species

The only known species is ***Dupontia fisheri***, common name **tundragrass**. It is native to northern Canada (Labrador, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, + the 3 Arctic Territories), plus Alaska, Greenland, Svalbard, and Russia (Asian + European).

formerly included

see × *Arctodupontia*, *Graphephorum*

## InfoBox

| *Dupontia fisheri* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Pooideae |
| Supertribe: | Poodae |
| Tribe: | Poeae |
| Genus: | *Dupontia*
R.Br. |
| Species: | ***D. fisheri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dupontia fisheri***
R.Br. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Melica fisheri* (R.Br.) Spreng. * *Graphephorum fisheri* (R.Br.) A.Gray * *Dupontia fisheri* var. *flavescens* Hook. & Arn. * *Donax kotzebuensis* Trin. * *Poa pelligera* Rupr. * *Poa psilosantha* Rupr. * *Dupontia psilosantha* (Rupr.) Griseb. * *Arundo hyperborea* Trin. ex Steud. * *Graphephorum fisheri* var. *psilosanthum* (Rupr.) A.Gray * *Graphephorum psilosanthum* (Rupr.) E.Fourn. * *Dupontia pelligera* (Rupr.) Rupr. ex Nyman * *Dupontia fisheri* var. *pelligera* (Rupr.) Trautv. * *Dupontia fisheri* var. *psilosantha* (Rupr.) Trautv. * *Arctagrostis humilis* K.Richt. * *Dupontia psilosantha* var. *flavescens* (Hook. & Arn.) Vasey * *Dupontia micrantha* Holm * *Colpodium langei* Gand. * *Dupontia fisheri* var. *aristata* Mate ex Polunin * *Dupontia fisheri* f. *micrantha* (Holm) Polunin * *Dupontia fisheri* f. *psilosantha* (Rupr.) Polunin * *Dupontia fisheri* subsp. *psilosantha* (Rupr.) Hultén * *Dupontia fisheri* f. *aristata* (Mate ex Polunin) Lepage * *Dupontia fisheri* subsp. *pelligera* (Rupr.) Tzvelev | |


title: Dwyran Rural District

abstract:
Dwyran was a rural district in the administrative county of Anglesey, Wales from 1894 to 1933. The rural district was formed by the Local Government Act 1894 from the part of Carnarvon Rural Sanitary District in Anglesey. It took its name from the village of Dwyran, which lay at its centre. The district consisted of five civil parishes:
  - Llanfair Cwmmwd
  - Llangaffo
  - Llangeinwen
  - Llanidan
  - Newborough The rural district was abolished in 1933, when a county review order amalgamated it into an enlarged Aethwy Rural District.

text:
# Dwyran Rural District

**Dwyran** was a rural district in the administrative county of Anglesey, Wales from 1894 to 1933.

The rural district was formed by the Local Government Act 1894 from the part of Carnarvon Rural Sanitary District in Anglesey. It took its name from the village of Dwyran, which lay at its centre.

The district consisted of five civil parishes:

The rural district was abolished in 1933, when a county review order amalgamated it into an enlarged Aethwy Rural District.

53°10′05″N 4°19′55″W / 53.168°N 4.332°W / 53.168; -4.332

## InfoBox

| Dwyran | |
| --- | --- |
| Area |  |
| 1901 | 15,544 acres (62.90 km2) |
| 1931 | 15,463 acres (62.58 km2) |
|  | |
| Population |  |
| 1901 | 3,055 |
| 1931 | 2,747 |
|  | |
| History |  |
| Created | 1894 |
| Abolished | 1933 |
| Succeeded by | Aethwy Rural District |
|  | |
| Status | Rural District |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Durgada, Yavatmal district

abstract: Durgada is a village in Maregaon tahsil, Yavatmal district, Maharashtra, India.

text:
# Durgada, Yavatmal district

**Durgada** is a village in Maregaon tahsil, Yavatmal district, Maharashtra, India.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2011, there were 60 people residing in the village. The population density was 14 people per square kilometer (36 people/sq mi). There were 18 households within the village. Males constitute 45% of the population and females 55%. Durgada has an average literacy rate of 56.6%, significantly lower than the national average of 74%. Male literacy is at 26.6%, while female literacy is 30%. In Durgada, 11.6% of the population is age 6 or under.

## InfoBox

| Durgada | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| DurgadaLocation in India | |
| Coordinates: 20°4′21″N 78°38′41″E / 20.07250°N 78.64472°E / 20.07250; 78.64472 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Maharashtra |
| District | Yavatmal |
| Tahsil | Maregaon |
| Area | |
| Total | 4.19 km2 (1.62 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 60 |
| Density | 14/km2 (37/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Marathi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 445302 |


title: Dyckman House

abstract: The Dyckman House, now the Dyckman Farmhouse Museum, is the oldest remaining farmhouse on Manhattan island, a vestige of New York City's rural past. The Dutch Colonial-style farmhouse was built by William Dyckman, c.1785, and was originally part of over 250 acres (100 ha) of farmland owned by the family. It is now located in a small park at the corner of Broadway and 204th Street in Inwood, Manhattan.

text:
# Dyckman House

The **Dyckman House**, now the **Dyckman Farmhouse Museum**, is the oldest remaining farmhouse on Manhattan island, a vestige of New York City's rural past. The Dutch Colonial-style farmhouse was built by **William Dyckman**, c.1785, and was originally part of over 250 acres (100 ha) of farmland owned by the family. It is now located in a small park at the corner of Broadway and 204th Street in Inwood, Manhattan.

## History and description

Dyckman was the grandson of Jan Dyckman, who came to the area from Westphalia in 1661. William Dyckman, who inherited the family estate, built the current house to replace the family house located on the Harlem River near the present West 210th Street, which he had built in 1748, and which was destroyed in the American Revolutionary War.

The current two-story house is constructed of fieldstone, brick and white clapboard, and features a gambrel roof and spring eaves. The porches are typical of the Dutch Colonial style, but were added in 1825. The house's interior has parlors and an indoor winter kitchen in the basement, thus serving as heating for the first floor. The rooms have floors of varying-width chestnut wood. The house's outdoor smokehouse-summer kitchen, in a small building to the south, may predate the house itself. The back of the house holds a short hedge that resemble a maze.

The house stayed in the family for several generations until they sold it in 1868, after which it served as a rental property for several decades. By the beginning of the 20th century, the house was in disrepair and in danger of being demolished, and in 1915, the Dyckman family bought it back.

In 1915–16, two sisters of the Dyckman family, Mary Alice Dyckman Dean (Mrs Bashford Dean) and Fannie Fredericka Dyckman Welch, began a restoration of the farmhouse under the supervision of architect Alexander M. Welch, Fannie's husband. In 1916, they transferred ownership of the house to the City of New York, which opened it as a museum of Dutch and Colonial life, featuring the original Dyckman family furnishings.

The farmhouse – which is not only the oldest remaining in Manhattan, but the only one in the Dutch Colonial style, and the only 18th-century farmhouse in the borough as well – has been a New York City Landmark and a National Historic Landmark since 1967.

In 2003, the house underwent a major restoration, after which it re-opened to the public in the fall of 2005.

**Notes**

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Dyckman House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. National Historic Landmark | |
| New York City Landmark No. 0309 | |
|  | |
| (2011) | |
|  | |
| Location | 4881 Broadway, Inwood, Manhattan,<br>New York City |
| Nearest city | New York City |
| Coordinates | 40°52′02″N 73°55′23″W / 40.86722°N 73.92306°W / 40.86722; -73.92306 |
| Built | c.1785 |
| Architectural style | Dutch Colonial |
| NRHP reference No. | 67000014 |
| NYCL No. | 0309 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | December 24, 1967 |
| Designated NHL | December 24, 1967 |
| Designated NYCL | July 12, 1967 |


title: Dyckia tobatiensis

abstract: Dyckia tobatiensis is a plant species of the genus Dyckia, native to Paraguay.

text:
# Dyckia tobatiensis

***Dyckia tobatiensis*** is a plant species of the genus *Dyckia*, native to Paraguay.

## InfoBox

| *Dyckia tobatiensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Genus: | *Dyckia* |
| Species: | ***D. tobatiensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dyckia tobatiensis***<br>Hassler | |
|


title: Durrow, County Offaly

abstract: Durrow is a small rural village and townland in County Offaly, Ireland. Durrow is located on the N52 off the N6 road between Kilbeggan and Tullamore. Durrow Abbey, surrounded by woods, is one of Ireland's most important early Christian monasteries founded by Saint Colmcille. Some mistakenly assign County Laois as the location of this particular monastic settlement due to the presence of a larger town in Laois called Durrow.

text:
# Durrow, County Offaly

**Durrow** (Irish: *Darú*, meaning 'plain of the oaks') is a small rural village and townland in County Offaly, Ireland. Durrow is located on the N52 off the N6 road between Kilbeggan (in County Westmeath) and Tullamore (in County Offaly).

Durrow Abbey, surrounded by woods, is one of Ireland's most important early Christian monasteries founded by Saint Colmcille. Some mistakenly assign County Laois as the location of this particular monastic settlement due to the presence of a larger town in Laois called Durrow.

## Monastery

Iona was established in exile and during that time Colum Cille yearned for monasteries in Ireland. The poem 'An Exile's Dream' specifically indicates Durrow as location for a monastery. Durrow was then part of the territory of Tethba, which now lies mostly in County Longford. It was also located near one of Ireland's five ancient routes, Slighe Mór. However, no accounts survive of what Colum Cille's monastery was like at its foundation. The monastic enclosure of Durrow can be seen in the aerial photographs of the surrounding lands. South of the monastery is evidence of Early Christian burials, unearthed by excavation of burial mounds by the National Museum of Ireland. Bede mentions that many more monasteries sprang from Durrow.

## Control

Patronage shifted during the millennium that followed the monastery's establishment. The Kings of Meath, Kings of Tethba and the MacGeoghegans, as well as chieftains known as Cinél Fiachach supported the monastery. This support did not permit them to appoint its abbot, who was selected from Colum Cille's own extended family at the start. Later rule of the Columban monasteries would be dominated by certain families who became hereditary rulers forming ecclesiastical dynasties.

Uí Néill association was also important and in 763 Domnall, King of Meath, was buried in the graveyard of Durrow. In 764 a war was fought with Clonmacnoise over burial rights, particularly the burial site of future Kings of Meath and in 776 the men of Durrow were involved in a raid upon Munster.

1. "Darú / Durrow". *logainm.ie*. Irish Placenames Commission. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
2. O'Brien, C. (2006), pp 115–20, *Stories from a Sacred Landscape*, Offaly County Council, Offaly see also Durrow Abbey
3. Bede, *Historia ecclesiastica* III.4.
4. *Annals of Ulster* 764.6.
5. *Annals of Ulster* 776.11.

## InfoBox

| Durrow *Darú* | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Durrow Catholic church and graveyard | |
| DurrowLocation in Ireland | |
| Coordinates: 53°20′N 7°31′W / 53.33°N 7.51°W / 53.33; -7.51 | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Leinster |
| County | Offaly |
| Government | |
| Dáil Éireann | Offaly |
| Elevation | 77 m (253 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (WET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-1 (IST (WEST)) |
| Area code | 057 |


title: Durrow Abbey

abstract: Durrow Abbey is a historic site in Durrow, County Offaly in Ireland. It is located off the N52 some 5 miles from Tullamore. Largely undisturbed, the site is an early medieval monastic complex of ecclesiastical and secular monuments, visible and sub-surface. The extant monuments at the site include a large ecclesiastical enclosure, five Early Christian grave slabs, a mid-ninth century high cross, a fragment of a cross shaft, a complete cross-head and cross base, a holy well and other archaeological features. Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath built a motte for the abbey in 1180, and he was killed at the abbey in 1186 by an Irishman.

text:
# Durrow Abbey

**Durrow Abbey** is a historic site in Durrow, County Offaly in Ireland. It is located off the N52 some 5 miles from Tullamore. Largely undisturbed, the site is an early medieval monastic complex of ecclesiastical and secular monuments, visible and sub-surface.

The extant monuments at the site include a large ecclesiastical enclosure, five Early Christian grave slabs, a mid-ninth century high cross, a fragment of a cross shaft, a complete cross-head (housed in the National Museum of Ireland) and cross base, a holy well and other archaeological features. Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath built a motte for the abbey in 1180, and he was killed at the abbey in 1186 by an Irishman.

## Early history

Durrow was probably founded by Columba in the 580s. In the *Vita Columbae*, Laisrén, who would become the third abbot of Iona, acts as a leader of the monastery. Not much is known about the early history of Durrow, although Bede says it was an important centre from which more monasteries were founded. Durrow appears to have courted the favour of Clann Cholmáin, and in 763 Domnall Midi was apparently buried there. Durrow appears in the Annals for the year 764, where men from the community of Durrow go to battle against those of Clonmacnoise, as part of a Clann Cholmáin succession struggle. The men of Durrow also participated in a raid into Munster alongside Donnchad Midi in 776.

Durrow, during Columba's life and for centuries after his death, was a well known center of education. The Venerable Bede called it *Monasterium nobile in Hiberniâ*, and, at a later period, Armagh and Durrow were called the "Universities of the West". Durrow, like Clonard, Derry, and most other monasteries in the area, was frequently ravaged by the Vikings, but was not completely destroyed until the Norman invasion.

The famous illuminated manuscript Book of Durrow, now at Trinity College, Dublin, was at the abbey by 916 at the latest, although it was probably made elsewhere. Discovered in the hands of a local farmer after the Reformation, the book is regarded as the earliest surviving fully decorated Insular Gospel book. It is believed to date from the 7th or 8th century, though the date is a matter of long-standing controversy.

The site itself, originally called *Daru* (plain of the oaks) is the location of some of the only remaining pre-mediaeval oak in Ireland. The line of oak trees which lines the fields to the side of Durrow Abbey also marks the route of the *Slighe Mhór* ("Great Highway") along the Esker Riada. The vicinity is Mag Lena, where a synod of Irish clerics was held AD 630 to resolve the controversy over the date of Easter.

From an architectural perspective, the site contains two interesting features: Durrow Abbey House — a building of significant quality dating to the 1920s when it was rebuilt after a fire that left the roof and interior destroyed — the church dating from the late eighteenth/early nineteenth century which itself is built on the footprint of at least one previous church, dating from medieval times. It is also suggested that the medieval church was itself built on the site of a former 12th century abbey church.

### Astronomical observation

In July 1054, according to record in the *Annals of the Four Masters*, monks in the Durrow Abbey observed a bright star that appeared overnight. Their observation is the only known European sighting of the supernova of 1054. Other known observation in the Eastern world is recorded in Chinese annals.

## Current status

In 1992 plans were approved by Offaly County Council for owners Paddy and Sheila O'Brien to develop a golf course, hotel, 46 self-catering chalets and an air strip. The planning permission expired and the development did not proceed.

In 1994 the Church of Ireland handed over St Columba's Church located on the grounds of Durrow Abbey to the State after a dispute about ownership.

In 1998 owner Sheila O'Brien began negotiations with Julie Lowe of the Durrow Abbey Trust to sell the estate for £2 million. Lowe is a descendant of The O'Donnells of Donegal, who are part of the family of St Columba (St Columba founded Durrow in 553 o 556AD). However the deal with Lowe fell through.

In 2000 plans consisting of a hotel, conference centre, leisure and equestrian complex, 461 residential units and a golf course were proposed to be built on the grounds of Durrow Abbey. The council opposed the planning application because of a lack of archaeological information presented with it.

In 2003 the Irish Government bought Durrow Abbey and its accompanying 6th century monastic site at a cost of €3.175 million. The purchase of the sixth century site and part of the historic Durrow Abbey estate was designed to protect the Abbey and heritage elements from proposed commercial development on the lands. The vendor was Sheila O'Brien. The Minister of State at the Office of Public Works, Tom Parlon, described the acquisition as "a true asset in the State's property portfolio".

On 21 May 2007 a 99-year full repair and insure lease on Durrow Abbey House was agreed by the Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government John Gormley and the Arts for Peace Foundation at a peppercorn rate (€10 annual rent). This requires the Foundation, as lessee, to carry out all internal and external repairs/maintenance to the fabric of Durrow Abbey. The Arts for Peace Foundation plans to use the house and grounds as the venue for a recreational respite centre for children from conflict zones.

In December 2016 the Arts for Peace Foundation sued the Office of Public Works for breach of contract alleging a lack of maintenance at Durrow Abbey House. The charity had not used the house since 2013 because of this dispute over repairs. In 2015 Minister of State at the Department of Public Expenditure and Reform Simon Harris stated the lease included an obligation on the tenant to insure and keep the house in good repair and that the charity had not commenced works on the property in line with their stated objective.

On 4 December 2018, John McGuinness, Chair of the Committee on Finance, Public Expenditure and Reform, said meetings were held with the OPW and officials with plans to surrender the lease of Durrow Abbey back to the State for a figure of €600,000.

On 31 December 2018, the abbey house was the venue for a New Year's Eve rave. The rave was organised across six stages with an attendance of approximately 900 people. Elizabeth Garrahy, the director of the Arts for Peace Foundation, said it was a private event not run by the foundation and that the organisers of the rave worked in the grounds of the abbey for two weeks free of charge in exchange for using the property. A second rave was organised through social media to be held in March 2019 but did not proceed "because of the fuss that was made" locally about the New Year's Eve rave, according to the lessee.

In May 2021, Fianna Fáil TD Barry Cowen issued a press release stating the Office of Public Works had repossessed Durrow Abbey house. He said the OPW were on "sound legal ground" based on the lease agreements not being honoured by the Arts for Peace Foundation. The founder of the charity called Gardaí to the premises on Wednesday May 19 alleging the OPW had trespassed on the property. A Garda spokesperson stated Gardai had attended the premises but no offences were disclosed.

## Other De Lacy associated monuments and structures

## InfoBox

Durrow Abbey
| Durrow Abbey in 2013 | |
| --- | --- |
| Monastery information | |
| Established | 580s |
| People | |
| Founder(s) | Saint Columba |
| Architecture | |
| Heritage designation | National Monument |
| Site | |
| Location | Near |
| Coordinates | 53°19′33″N 7°31′11″W / 53.325952°N 7.519670°W / 53.325952; -7.519670 |
| Public access | Yes |
|  | |
| National monument of Ireland | |
| Official name | Durrow |
| Reference no. | 678 & 313 |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Allan Sloane

abstract: Allan Everett Sloane was an American writer for radio and television who, over much of his career, explored the circumstances of people with special needs. He was significantly affected by the Hollywood blacklist.

text:
# Allan Sloane

**Allan Everett Sloane** (June 14, 1914 – April 29, 2001) was an American writer for radio and television who, over much of his career, explored the circumstances of people with special needs. He was significantly affected by the Hollywood blacklist.

## Early life

He was born to Benjamin and Rachel Wisansky Silverman in New York City and grew up in New Jersey. After completing college in 1936, he became a newspaper journalist, writing for the *Cape Cod Colonial*, *Parade*, and the *Philadelphia Bulletin*.

Prior to serving in the United States Army during World War II, Sloane began writing scripts for radio, including service-action shows like *The Man Behind the Gun* (for which he dramatized the Allied landing on Sicily the day after the invasion, winning a 1943 Peabody Award), *Top Secret*, and *Indictment*. Sloane also wrote scripts for United Nations Radio, World Health Assembly, and the United Jewish Appeal after the war, focusing on displaced persons in Europe. He and his wife wrote "The Yamina Solyska Story," to document Nazi kidnapping of Polish children who were transfused with "Nordic" blood and fostered by Germans.

## Blacklisted

Sloane was among the 151 entertainment and journalism professionals who the right-wing booklet Red Channels implied were supporting Communist causes; he was blacklisted by CBS in November 1952, which effectively denied him any further radio script-work. Sloane appeared as a voluntary "friendly witness" for the House Un-American Activities Committee on January 13, 1954. For several decades thereafter, he used the pseudonym *Ellison Carroll* to avoid blacklist-related publicity.

His early radio work with actor/director Irving Pichel led to work (initially as a researcher, then as a writer) for the 1953 film *Martin Luther*, for which he shared a nomination for the 1954 Writers' Guild *Best American Drama* with writer/director Lothar Wolff.

## Television writer

He began writing episodes for television series in 1954-55, among them *Crossroads* and *Navy Log*. He is credited with creating the 1966 series *Hawk*, which featured Burt Reynolds as the title character, as well as guest appearances by Gene Hackman, Robert Duvall, and Diane Baker.

During the 1960s, he was well-enough considered to be asked to write the TV adaptation of Johnny Belinda, as well as scripts for TV theatre. Much of Sloane's later writing was long-form shows (1+ hours) dealing with the situations of special individuals, including autism (*And James Was A Very Small Snail*), Down syndrome (*This Is My Son*, and *Emily, Emily*), displaced persons (*Eleven Memory Street*), gifted children (*Sit Down and Shut Up, or Get Out*), and sickle cell anemia (*To All My Friends On Shore*).

## Recognition

Under his pseudonym *Ellison Carroll*, he was nominated for an Emmy for his 1963 Breaking Point screenplay *And James Was A Very Small Snail*; and again in 1969 for the Hallmark Hall of Fame (episode 81) *Teacher, Teacher*. In 1972, he won the Emmy for Outstanding Writing Achievement in Drama (Original Teleplay) with *To All My Friends on Shore*.

His papers are held in the Hargrett Library at the University of Georgia. Recordings of a number of his radio shows, and some lectures are maintained in the Walter J. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Collection, also at the University of Georgia.

## Personal life

AFter World War II, Sloane lived on Long Island and commuted to New York City, although he shared a small apartment in Manhattan with fellow-writer Alvin Boretz). He soon moved his family to New Canaan, Connecticut, where he lived for much of his professional life. He and his wife Elouise had three sons, one of whom was autistic.

1. "Allan Sloan". *MyHeritage*. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
2. "Veriety: Allan Sloane obit". 25 May 2001.
3. "On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio", John Dunning, Oxford University Press, 1998
4. “Indictment” Old Time Radio Show (1956) | Old Radio Shows.org
5. Allan Sloane papers
6. {Cite web|url=https://www.otrsite.com/logs/logmisc.htm |title=Jerry Haendiges Vintage Radio Logs |catalogue=56415 |date=Mar 03 1949}
7. "C.B.S. Halts Scripts by Accused Writer". *New York Times*. November 3, 1952.
8. "Only Victims: A Study of Show Business Blacklisting" (ISBN 087910-081-8), Robert Vaughn, New York, Putnam, 1972
9. 'Film, Video Writer Tells Of Being Red', New York Times, May 11, 1954
10. "Allan Sloane Papers". University of Georgia, Special Collections.
11. "Martin Luther". *IMDb*. 1953.
12. Allan Sloane - IMDb
13. Corrections Department #5: Two Cop Shows and One Missing Producer
14. "1966 Burt Reynolds Cop Show HAWK Flies Again on getTV".
15. Allan Sloane; Writer of TV and Radio Drama Won Many Awards - latimes
16. "Allan Sloane papers, 1937-1992". *WorldCat*. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
17. "Allan Sloane Papers: Historical Note".
18. Allan Sloane | Television Academy
19. Sloane Collection :: Audio/Radio :: UGA Libraries Walter J. Brown Media Archives & Peabody Awards Collection
20. Obituary: Alvin Boretz (1919-2010)
21. Allan Sloane – Variety
22. Allan Sloane, 86, A Writer for TV, Radio and Films - The New York Times

## InfoBox

| Allan Sloane | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | June 14, 1914 |
| Died | April 29, 2001 |
| Citizenship | United States of America |
| Occupation | Writer |
| Years active | 1954-2001 |
| Notable work |  |
| Awards | Emmy |


title: Dynamic angiothermography

abstract: Dynamic angiothermography (DATG) is a technique for the diagnosis of breast cancer. This technique, though springing from the previous conception of thermography, is based on a completely different principle. DATG records the temperature variations linked to the vascular changes in the breast due to angiogenesis. The presence, change, and growth of tumors and lesions in breast tissue change the vascular network in the breast. Consequently, through measuring the vascular structure over time, DATG effectively monitors the change in breast tissue due to tumors and lesions. It is currently used in combination with other techniques for diagnosis of breast cancer. This diagnostic method is a low-cost one compared with other techniques. Angiothermography is not a test that substitutes for other tests, but stands in relation to them as a technique that gives additional information to clarify the clinical picture and improve the quality of diagnosis.

text:
# Dynamic angiothermography

**Dynamic angiothermography** (**DATG**) is a technique for the diagnosis of breast cancer. This technique, though springing from the previous conception of thermography, is based on a completely different principle. DATG records the temperature variations linked to the vascular changes in the breast due to angiogenesis. The presence, change, and growth of tumors and lesions in breast tissue change the vascular network in the breast. Consequently, through measuring the vascular structure over time, DATG effectively monitors the change in breast tissue due to tumors and lesions. It is currently used in combination with other techniques for diagnosis of breast cancer. This diagnostic method is a low-cost one compared with other techniques.

Angiothermography is not a test that substitutes for other tests, but stands in relation to them as a technique that gives additional information to clarify the clinical picture and improve the quality of diagnosis.

## History

In the early 1970s, studies of Professor J. Tricoire in France focused on the application of contact thermography for the screening of breast cancer using plates with liquid crystals. The principle, on which the methodology developed by Tricoire was based, was to record and map the heat generated by possibly emergent tumors. These studies had a unique debut, since the examination was absolutely non-invasive (no radiation or contrast agents are required). The test is performed by putting the thermal detection screen in contact with the breast, allowing time for image formation, and analyzing the resultant image. While some detection of tumors and lesions was demonstrated, the technique also had a propensity for substantial false positives (non-existent cancer diagnosed).

During the time at which contact thermography screening was being practiced, more detailed studies on the change in the breast due to the presence of tumors and lesions were being performed. The connection between breast tumors and vascularization was highlighted and studied in detail by Judah Folkman in his research on angiogenesis which began in 1965. These studies, the more complete description of this process, and the models emergent from this work, earned Folkman the Wolf Prize in Medicine in 1992.

Dynamic angiothermography utilizes thermal imaging, but with important differences from the older kind of thermography, which impact detection performance. First, the probes are much improved over the previous liquid crystal plates; they include better spatial resolution, contrastive performance, and the image is formed more quickly. The more significant difference lies in identifying the thermal changes due to changes in vascular network to support the growth of the tumor or lesion. Instead of just recording the change in heat generated by the tumor, the image is now able to identify changes due to the vascularization of the mammary gland. In order for a tumor to originate, develop and grow, an enhanced blood supply is necessary (angiogenesis theory). The more detailed map of the vascular network contains information pointing to the location where the breast has changed to accommodate the tumor. More importantly, the ability to visualize tumors in a precancerous state enables prompt and strategic removal, which of course removes the cause of the tumor.

The general idea emerging from several clinical studies is that every woman has their own blood pattern image, which is like a fingerprint and, in healthy women, can remain unchanged over time. Changes in this "fingerprint" are evidence of a suspected tumoral or pre-tumoral activity.

## Description

The current state of the equipment, by which this examination is done, consists of two parts, and can be combined into a highly mobile footprint. The first component is the thermographic sensor to be placed on the breast. The second is a connection to a computer that records the acquired images. The sensor records the distribution of blood at temperatures between 30 °C and 35 °C. When the sensor is leaning on the breast, the heat, produced by vascularization, induces an image due to the change of the liquid crystal state that passes from solid (black coloured) to liquid. While in the previous contact thermography the doctor studied the colour distribution, in the new methodology (dynamic angiothermography) the image is inspected for information conveyed about local blood distribution. In a healthy breast, the pattern formed by normal vascularization looks like a pointed image in the direction of the nipple. In the case of a tumor, or even of a precancerous lesion, the pattern appears to have rounded shapes which converge from different areas of the breast to feed the tumor. The images can be interpreted visually by the doctor, and/or evaluated with the aid of digital image enhancement tools. Future possibilities extend to more automated detection using computer-aided inspection. The standard procedure is that the doctor looks examines the patient clinically (with palpation) and then acquires two projections of the right breast (side and front) and two of the left (side and front). Digital photos are also acquired and these results are compared with other pictures previously acquired. In the case of evident superficial veins, the breast must be cooled with a current of cold air.

## Comparison with other techniques

Comparative diagnostic exams of reference for the cancer of the breast are mammography (the "gold" standard), ultrasounds, and for 3D imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance or recently developed approaches to CT of the breast.

DATG is not a test that directly substitutes for other tests, but stands in relation to them as a technique that provides a detailed and non-invasive look at the changes in blood flow in the breast. As such, it has been most successfully employed in combination with other tests to improve the quality of the diagnosis. Further, it may be the most non-invasive technique possible for performing early screening.

Mammography measures the differences of the tissue density inside the breast with substantial spatial resolution but requires at least a low dose of radiation. In many cases the tumors or lesions are directly imaged with respect to size and shape. Image interpretation for mammograms is mature and can be effective. However, there are concerns that the higher density of breast tissue in patients younger than 40–45 years of age degrades the diagnostic information obtained in this technique. Some studies have shown that mammography is less effective before age 50. It is also difficult to see precancerous lesions with mammography, which have not emerged into localized density changes imaged by the low dose of radiation.

Ultrasound inspections can be applied to women of any age and do not involve the use of radiation. Further, ultrasound techniques can measure the size of the tumor and are able to differentiate solids from liquids in breast tissue. However, due to the general equality in acoustic impedance for many types of structures in the breast, ultrasound imaging detects many abnormalities or potential sites that are false positives, limiting its usefulness. Doppler ultrasound can provide some information on blood flow in the breast, but this is a substantial variation on regular ultrasound inspections. Overall, ultrasound techniques are best employed to evaluate a lump discovered by some other means and/or to investigate a specific site identified by mammography.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) scanning, as DATG does, can map the blood flow distribution in the breast, and provides information for patients of all ages. However, this technique is most effective with the use of a contrast agent that is mildly invasive, with some risk of a negative reaction. Compared to DATG, these scans require substantial facilities and the scanning and interpretation is considerably more expensive.

Breast CT scanning employs penetrating radiation and so includes some x-ray dose delivered to the patient. Unlike in mammography, the breast is not flattened or manipulated to equalize the contrast. Instead, gravity is used and the breast hangs down into the source detector envelope. For the same dose delivered in mammography, breast CT produces 3D volumetric images of tumors and lesions that can show the connection to the vascular network. Further, these images can be evaluated with the same image analysis tools resident for general CT imaging. As in the case of NMR, the hardware footprint of this type of scanning is more substantial than DATG.

Dynamic angiothermography (DATG) is a technique that does not require ionizing radiation or toxic contrast agents, can be used on patients of all ages, has good specificity and is able to diagnose even precancerous lesions while it is not able to measure the size of a tumor or lesion.

## Advantages and disadvantages

DATG is able to detect changes in blood flow that are indicative of breast cancer, may be used for younger patients, is non-invasive (no need for radiation or contrast agent, no need for compression of the breast) and is lower-cost than alternatives requiring minimal facilities. This technology, performed quickly (5–6 minutes for visit) and very precise, is useful for screening and is also able to detect precancerous lesions. Studies have been conducted that have shown how it is possible, by means of this methodology, to diagnose invasive ductal carcinoma and infiltrating lobular carcinoma with the same accuracy. DATG can be strategic for young patients, or patients with dense breasts where the contrastive performance of mammography is challenged. Another application of DATG is the monitoring of at-risk patients with increased changes of breast cancer who take hormone replacement therapy (sometimes taken to reduce menopause symptoms) and participate in in-vitro fertilization.

By contrast DATG is not able to determine the size of the tumor. Rather, the diagnostic information from DATG indicates the presence of a suspicious lesion and points to the area where to look for it. In fact, the intensity and the size of the features in the image acquired by DATG are not correlated to the shape and size of the tumor but to its underlying biological activity (see angiogenesis described above). Lastly, the interpretation of DATG images can be done either by a radiologist, surgeon, oncologist, gynecologist or simply by a medical professional after explicit training to evaluate the DATG images.


title: E. B. Potter

abstract: Elmer Belmont "Ned" Potter was an American historian and writer. Potter was the leading naval historian at the United States Naval Academy from the late 1940s to the mid-1970s. He was editor of the Naval Academy's textbook on naval history, Sea Power: A Naval History, in collaboration with Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz.

text:
# E. B. Potter

**Elmer Belmont "Ned" Potter** (27 December 1908 – 22 November 1997) was an American historian and writer.

Potter was the leading naval historian at the United States Naval Academy from the late 1940s to the mid-1970s. He was editor of the Naval Academy's textbook on naval history, *Sea Power: A Naval History*, in collaboration with Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz.

## Career

Born in Norfolk, Virginia to Judson Rice Potter, a grocer, and Fannie (née Beacham) Potter, he attended the University of Richmond, where he completed his B.A. degree in 1929. Known as "Ned" among family and friends, Potter taught history in high schools between 1931–41, before completing his Master of Arts degree in history at the University of Chicago in 1940.

In 1941, Potter joined the U.S. Naval Reserve and was assigned to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, where he began to teach history. With the exception of three years service in the Pacific theater in 1943–45, Potter spent his entire career at the Naval Academy until he retired in 1977.

While at the Naval Academy he married Grace Brauer (8 August 1925 – 25 February 1997), on 21 May 1954, with whom he had two daughters: Katherine Anne and Lorraine Frances.

Potter lectured widely on naval history and was a member of the U.S. Naval Institute, the American Historical Association, and the American Association of University Professors.

Potter died of congestive heart failure in Annapolis, Maryland.

## Awards

## Published works

* *American Sea Power Since 1775*, Allan Ferguson Westcott, ed. Lippincott, 1947.
* *The United States and World Sea Power*, by Henry H. Adams \[and others\] E.B. Potter, editor; J.R. Fredland, assistant editor. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1955.
* *Sea Power: A Naval History*, Associate editor: Chester W. Nimitz; assistant editors: J.R. Fredland \[and\] Henry H. Adams. Authors: Henry H. Adams \[and others\]. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1960. 2nd ed. 1981, ISBN 0870216074.
* *The Great Sea War: The Story of Naval Action in World War II*, edited by E.B. Potter and Chester W. Nimitz. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1960; New York : Bramhall House, 1960.
* *Triumph in the Pacific: The Navy's Struggle Against Japan*, edited by E.B. Potter and Chester W. Nimitz. Spectrum book, S-66. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1963.
* *The Naval Academy Illustrated History of the United States Navy*, New York: Crowell, 1971; New York, Galahad Books, \[1971\].
* *Seemacht: Eine Seekriegsgeschichte von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart*, von Elmar \[sic\] B. Potter und Chester W. Nimitz; Deutsche Fassung hrsg. im Auftrag des Arbeitskreises für Wehrforschung von Jürgen Rohwer. München: Bernard & Graefe, 1974. (The most important of the several translations of *Sea Power*, this edition is greatly expanded and extensively corrected).
* *Nimitz*, Naval Institute Press, 1976; 2008.
* *Bull Halsey*, Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1985; 2003.
* *Admiral Arleigh Burke*, New York: Random House, 1990; 2004.

* *Contemporary Authors*.

### Footnotes


title: Allen H. Bagg

abstract: Allen Henry Bagg was an American politician who served on the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Board of Aldermen, twice as Mayor of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and, from 1933 to 1934, as the 3rd Vice President of Rotary International.

text:
# Allen H. Bagg

**Allen Henry Bagg** (April 4, 1867 - August 16, 1942) was an American politician who served on the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Board of Aldermen, twice as Mayor of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and, from 1933 to 1934, as the 3rd Vice President of Rotary International.

## Biography

He was born on April 4, 1867, in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. He died on August 16, 1942.

## Municipal offices

### Board of Aldermen

From January 4, 1904, to January 2, 1905, Bagg served as a member and the president of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Board of Aldermen.

### Mayor of Pittsfield

In the city election of December 6, 1904, Bagg was elected mayor in a three-way contest, receiving a majority of 206 votes over his closest opponent, Bagg was mayor of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, from 1905 to 1907.

1. "Allen H. Bagg, 75, Pittsfield Leader. Five Times Mayor And Large Real Estate Owner In City In Berkshires Is Dead Family. There Since 1759. He Gave Park And A Chapel As Memorial To First Wife. In Rotary And Masons". *The New York Times*. August 17, 1942. Archived from the original on July 27, 2018. Retrieved July 27, 2018.
2. *Proceedings: Thirty-Fourth Annual Convention of Rotary International*, Chicago, Illinois: Rotary International, 1943, p. 224.
3. *Municipal Register of the City of Pittsfield for 1904: Containing City Officers and Committees, Mayor's Address, Reports of Officers and Committees, and the Receipts and Expenditures for the Fiscal Year Ending January 4th 1904*, Pittsfield, Massachusetts: The City of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, 1904, p. 3.
4. *Municipal Register of the City of Pittsfield for 1905: Containing City Officers and Committees, Mayor's Address, Reports of Officers and Committees, and the Receipts and Expenditures for the Fiscal Year Ending December 31, 1905*, Pittsfield, Massachusetts: The City of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, 1904, p. 104.

## InfoBox

| Allen Henry Bagg | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Mayor of
Pittsfield, Massachusetts | |
| **In office**
January 2, 1905  1907 | |
| Preceded by | Harry D. Sisson |
| Succeeded by | William H. MacInnis |
| Majority | 206 |
| President of the
Pittsfield, Massachusetts
Board of Aldermen | |
| **In office**
January 4, 1904  January 2, 1905 | |
| Member of the
Pittsfield, Massachusetts
Board of Aldermen
Ward Four | |
| **In office**
January 4, 1904  January 2, 1905 | |
| Majority | 282 |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1867-04-04)April 4, 1867
Pittsfield, Massachusetts |
| Died | August 16, 1942(1942-08-16) (aged 75)
Pittsfield, Massachusetts |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Mary Campbell Clapp |
|  | |


title: .300 Weatherby Magnum

abstract: The.300 Weatherby Magnum is a.30 caliber rifle cartridge created by Roy Weatherby in 1944 and produced by Weatherby. It has become the most popular of all the Weatherby cartridges.

text:
# .300 Weatherby Magnum

The **.300 Weatherby Magnum** is a .30 caliber rifle cartridge created by Roy Weatherby in 1944 and produced by Weatherby. It has become the most popular of all the Weatherby cartridges.

## Background

Roy Weatherby already had experience with other custom cartridges such as his own .270 Weatherby Magnum when he created the .300 Weatherby. Like most of his other magnum cartridges, this is based on a blown-out .300 H&H Magnum case, using the signature Weatherby double-radius shoulder. The Weatherby was first introduced in 1944, and the .300 Winchester Magnum was introduced in 1963.

In recent years, Remington, Winchester and Ruger have produced rifles in this caliber, and most major ammunition manufacturers now supply factory loads.

## Performance

Historically, Weatherby claimed that this is the most powerful .30 caliber magnum rifle commercially available, but the recently introduced .300 Remington Ultra Magnum, the .300 Norma Magnum and Weatherby's own .30-378 Weatherby Magnum are now more powerful. Of course there are quite a few very large .30 caliber wildcat cartridges.

When comparing the .300 RUM and the .300 Weatherby Magnum, however, there is a difference in factory loadings. Performance data is often listed on the side of the ammunition box for those who wish to do an in-store comparison. On average, Weatherby factory ammo is loaded to higher chamber pressures than Remington or Winchester magnum rounds. The Remington round can be handloaded to equal pressures, and as a consequence, surpass the .300 Weatherby in power.

The .300 Weatherby is commonly used by big-game hunters all over the world.

## InfoBox

| .300 Weatherby Magnum | |
| --- | --- |
| .300 Weatherby cartridge | |
| Type | Rifle |
| Place of origin | USA |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Roy Weatherby |
| Designed | 1944 |
| Manufacturer | Weatherby |
| Produced | 1944–present |
| Specifications | |
| Parent case | .300 H&H Magnum |
| Case type | Belted, bottleneck |
| Bullet diameter | .308 in (7.8 mm) |
| Neck diameter | .336 in (8.5 mm) |
| Shoulder diameter | .492 in (12.5 mm) |
| Base diameter | .512 in (13.0 mm) |
| Rim diameter | .531 in (13.5 mm) |
| Case length | 2.825 in (71.8 mm) |
| Overall length | 3.562 in (90.5 mm) |
| Rifling twist | 1-10 |
| Primer type | Large rifle magnum |
| Maximum pressure | 65,000 psi (450 MPa) |
| Ballistic performance | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy  150 gr (10 g) SP 3,540 ft/s (1,080 m/s) 4,173 ft⋅lbf (5,658 J)  165 gr (11 g) SP 3,390 ft/s (1,030 m/s) 4,210 ft⋅lbf (5,710 J)  180 gr (12 g) BST 3,250 ft/s (990 m/s) 4,223 ft⋅lbf (5,726 J)  200 gr (13 g) Partition 3,060 ft/s (930 m/s) 4,158 ft⋅lbf (5,637 J)  220 gr (14 g) Rn-Ex 2,845 ft/s (867 m/s) 3,954 ft⋅lbf (5,361 J) | |
| Test barrel length: 26<br>Source(s): Weatherby | |


title: Dyticonastis

abstract: Dyticonastis is an extinct genus of amphisbaenians, or worm lizards, that includes a single species, Dyticonastis rensbergeri, that lived during the late Oligocene and early Miocene in what is now Oregon. Fossils of the species come from the John Day Formation. It belongs to Rhineuridae, a family that includes many other extinct North American amphisbaenians but only one living species, Rhineura floridana, from Florida. Dyticonastis rensbergeri occurs the farthest west of all rhineurid species. Like all rhineurids, Dyticonastis has a shovel-like snout adapted for burrowing underground, but it differs from most other members of the group in having a relatively shallow angle to its snout wedge and in having a widened snout tip. The only other rhineurids that share these features are species of the genus Spathorhynchus, which lived from the Middle Eocene to the Early Oligocene in what is now Wyoming. A 2007, phylogenetic analysis of amphisbaenians found that Dyticonastis and Spathorhynchus are each other's closest relatives, suggesting that both taxa may have evolved through vicariant speciation; the growth of the Rocky Mountains during the earliest stages of the Laramide orogeny in the early Paleogene would have separated North American rhineurids into eastern and western populations, with the western population producing Dyticonastis and Spathorhynchus.

text:
# Dyticonastis

***Dyticonastis*** is an extinct genus of amphisbaenians, or worm lizards, that includes a single species, ***Dyticonastis rensbergeri***, that lived during the late Oligocene and early Miocene in what is now Oregon. Fossils of the species come from the John Day Formation. It belongs to Rhineuridae, a family that includes many other extinct North American amphisbaenians but only one living species, *Rhineura floridana*, from Florida. *Dyticonastis rensbergeri* occurs the farthest west of all rhineurid species. Like all rhineurids, *Dyticonastis* has a shovel-like snout adapted for burrowing underground, but it differs from most other members of the group in having a relatively shallow angle to its snout wedge (about 30 degrees) and in having a widened snout tip. The only other rhineurids that share these features are species of the genus *Spathorhynchus*, which lived from the Middle Eocene to the Early Oligocene in what is now Wyoming. A 2007, phylogenetic analysis of amphisbaenians found that *Dyticonastis* and *Spathorhynchus* are each other's closest relatives, suggesting that both taxa may have evolved through vicariant speciation; the growth of the Rocky Mountains during the earliest stages of the Laramide orogeny in the early Paleogene would have separated North American rhineurids into eastern and western populations, with the western population producing *Dyticonastis* and *Spathorhynchus*.

## InfoBox

| *Dyticonastis*
Temporal range: Late Oligocene \- Early Miocene | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Rhineuridae |
| Genus: | *Dyticonastis*
Berman, 1976 |
|
| Type species | |
| ***Dyticonastis rensbergeri***
Berman, 1976 | |


title: (Un)Commentary

abstract: (Un)Commentary is the second and major-label debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Alec Benjamin, released on April 15, 2022, through Elektra Records. It produced five singles, including its only charting single, "Devil Doesn't Bargain". Benjamin embarked on an international tour throughout 2022 in support of the album.

text:
# (Un)Commentary

***(Un)Commentary*** is the second and major-label debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Alec Benjamin, released on April 15, 2022, through Elektra Records. It produced five singles, including its only charting single, "Devil Doesn't Bargain". Benjamin embarked on an international tour throughout 2022 in support of the album.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *PopMatters* | 8/10 |

Matthew Dwyer of *PopMatters* wrote that "Benjamin's love for contemplation is evident in his music. He magnifies thought experiments into catchy parables, animated by slick studio production and acoustic instrumentation", and that his "autobiographical storytelling is sharp throughout the album". Dwyer concluded that "his eye for detail and unique storytelling style may be uncommon in pop right now, \[but\] it's clear he'll be setting trends for years to come".

## Track listing

*(Un)Commentary* track listing
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Dopamine Addict" | 2:24 |
| 2. | "Hammers" | 3:00 |
| 3. | "The Way You Felt" | 3:03 |
| 4. | "Shadow of Mine" | 2:45 |
| 5. | "Speakers" | 2:39 |
| 6. | "Hill I Will Die On" | 2:47 |
| 7. | "Hipocrite" | 2:16 |
| 8. | "Nancy Got a Haircut" | 1:58 |
| 9. | "Nuance" | 2:52 |
| 10. | "Devil Doesn't Bargain" | 2:43 |
| 11. | "Deniro" | 2:21 |
| 12. | "Older" | 2:44 |
| 13. | "One Wrong Turn" | 2:46 |
| Total length: | | 34:18 |

## Charts

Chart performance for *(Un)Commentary*
| Chart (2022) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 84 |
| Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade) | 62 |
| UK Album Downloads (OCC) | 47 |

## InfoBox

| (Un)Commentary | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Alec Benjamin | |
| Released | April 15, 2022 (2022-04-15) |
| Length | 34:18 |
| Label | Elektra |
| Producer |  |
| Alec Benjamin chronology | |
| *These Two Windows*
(2020) ***(Un)Commentary***
(2022) *12 Notes*
(2024) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *(Un)Commentary* | |
| 1. "The Way You Felt"
Released: April 30, 2021 2. "Older"
Released: September 17, 2021 3. "Shadow of Mine"
Released: February 24, 2022 4. "Speakers"
Released: April 14, 2022 5. "Devil Doesn't Bargain"
Released: June 10, 2022 | |
|  | |


title: All India Muslim Forum

abstract:
All India Muslim Forum is a Muslim political party in India. It is a Registered Unrecognised Party by the Election Commission of India.
The forum has collaboration with Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation.
The President is Syed Rafat and the Chairman is Dr. M. K. Sherwani who had been its General Secretary. In the 1999 Lok Sabha elections AIMF had launched four candidates, who together mustered 10 010 votes.
In the 2004 Lok Sabha elections AIMF had fielded six candidates.

text:
# All India Muslim Forum

**All India Muslim Forum** is a Muslim political party in India. It is a Registered Unrecognised Party by the Election Commission of India. The forum has collaboration with Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation. The President is Syed Rafat and the Chairman is Dr. M. K. Sherwani who had been its General Secretary.

In the 1999 Lok Sabha elections AIMF had launched four candidates, who together mustered 10 010 votes. In the 2004 Lok Sabha elections AIMF had fielded six candidates.

## InfoBox

| All India Muslim Forum | |
| --- | --- |
| Leader | Dr. M.K. Sherwani |
| Headquarters | C-177, Sector 'J', Aliganj, Lucknow |
|  | |


title: Aloe petricola

abstract: Aloe petricola belongs to the genus Aloe in the family Asphodelaceae, and is commonly known as a stone aloe. This particular aloe is a flowering species with unique and distinct inflorescences, which make the plant easy to identify and distinguish from other Aloe plants. Aloe petricola is very popular for gardening because of its beautiful and radiant colors. Like many Aloe species, Aloe petricola is used for medical purposes, as it aids in healing wounds and minor burns.

text:
# Aloe petricola

***Aloe petricola*** belongs to the genus *Aloe* in the family Asphodelaceae, and is commonly known as a stone aloe. This particular aloe is a flowering species with unique and distinct inflorescences, which make the plant easy to identify and distinguish from other *Aloe* plants. *Aloe petricola* is very popular for gardening because of its beautiful and radiant colors. Like many *Aloe* species, *Aloe petricola* is used for medical purposes, as it aids in healing wounds and minor burns.

## Description

*Aloe petricola* is a medium sized plant that grows fairly low to the ground. This plant reaches anywhere from 18-24 inches in height and can reach a little over a meter in width, while its inflorescences can reach about 4 feet, surpassing the height of the plant's fleshy leaves. This succulent plant is virtually stemless and has rosettes of blue-green colored leaves. These leaves contain thorns on their surfaces and have short, triangular toothed margins. A mature plant can have up to six branches of flowers, which are long, skinny, densely flowered racemes, carried on stout stems. The inflorescences are tightly packed with dark brown anthers, and typically include at least two colors, usually a deep red towards the top where the buds are seen, and cream-yellow color at the bottom towards the base, reaching the stem of the flower. Flowers on the *Aloe petricola* plant are tube-shaped and about 30mm long. The colors on these plants are bright and vibrant, and they change as they begin to open, revealing more of the yellow color towards the bottom.

## Growth and gardening

*Aloe petricola* grows best in early to mid winter, but flowers on this plant typically do not bloom until mid summer, and are seen at their best towards the end of July and beginning of August in the northern hemisphere. Like almost all other aloes, *Aloe petricola* is drought resistant, meaning that it needs little to no water to survive. This resistance is due to the fact that the leaves of this plant can store water, so they can essentially take care of themselves, making this plant ideal for any gardener. Additional growth requirements for this succulent plant include a soil pH that is either acidic, neutral (pH=7), or very slightly basic. It also grows in different soil types, from clay-like soils to sandy soils. This makes maintenance of the plant nearly effortless given the right environment. *Aloe petricola* is a greatly desired plant for most gardeners because it is considered an undemanding garden plant. Aside from its simple upkeep, this aloe grows quite well in cultivation and looks outstanding either on its own or bunched in groups. The plant's striking and luminous red, yellow, green, and white colors stand out, while they add beauty and elegance to any garden.

## Other Information

*Aloe petricola* is native in South Africa, specifically in Mpumalanga. This aloe tends to grow in rocky locations, where the plant is surrounded in stones, and the soil is only covering the roots. The name “*petricola*” was given to the plant suggesting that it lives and thrives in rocky places. The word breaks up into ‘petri,’ which means stones, and ‘cola,’ which means fond of. *Aloe petricola* plants are often pollinated by sunbirds, which use them as food plants as they seek nectar in their flowers. This plant is also widely used in medicine. Aloes, most commonly *Aloe vera*, are known for treating minor wounds and burns. *Aloe petricola* plants, however, have sap filled leaves which, for centuries, have been frequently used as a remedy to heal stomach ailments.

## InfoBox

| *Aloe petricola* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Asphodelaceae |
| Subfamily: | Asphodeloideae |
| Genus: | *Aloe* |
| Species: | ***A. petricola*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aloe petricola***<br>Pole-Evans | |
|


title: 12th General Assembly of Nova Scotia

abstract: The 12th General Assembly of Nova Scotia represented Nova Scotia between 1820 and 1826. The assembly sat at the pleasure of the Governor of Nova Scotia, James Kempt. Simon Bradstreet Robie was chosen as speaker for the house. Samuel George William Archibald became speaker after Robie was named to the Council in 1824.

text:
# 12th General Assembly of Nova Scotia

The **12th General Assembly of Nova Scotia** represented Nova Scotia between 1820 and 1826.

The assembly sat at the pleasure of the Governor of Nova Scotia, James Kempt.

Simon Bradstreet Robie was chosen as speaker for the house. Samuel George William Archibald became speaker after Robie was named to the Council in 1824.

## List of members

| Electoral District | Name |
| --- | --- |
| County of Halifax | William Lawson |
|  | George Smith |
|  | Samuel George William Archibald |
|  | Simon Bradstreet Robie |
| County of Annapolis | Thomas Ritchie
Abraham Gesner (1824) |
|  | Samuel Campbell |
| County of Lunenburg | John Heckman |
|  | Lot Church |
| County of Cumberland | Thomas Roach |
|  | George Oxley
Robert Blair (1821) |
| County of King's | William Allen Chipman |
|  | Samuel Bishop |
| County of Queen's | Snow Parker |
|  | Joseph Freeman |
| County of Hants | William Hersey Otis Haliburton
Benjamin DeWolf (1824) |
|  | William O'Brien |
| County of Shelburne | John Bingay |
|  | John McKinnon |
| County of Sydney | John George Marshall |
|  | Thomas Dickson |
| County of Cape Breton | Richard John Uniacke, Jr. |
|  | Laurence Kavanagh |
| Town of Halifax | John Albro |
| Town of Truro | William Dickson |
| Town of Onslow | Robert Dickson |
| Town of Londonderry | James Fleming |
| Town of Annapolis | John Robertson |
| Town of Granville | Timothy Ruggles |
| Town of Digby | William Henry Roach |
| Town of Lunenburg | Edward James |
| Town of Amherst | James Shannon Morse |
| Town of Horton | Jonathan Crane |
| Town of Cornwallis | John Wells |
| Town of Liverpool | James R. Dewolf |
| Town of Windsor | William Fraser |
| Town of Falmouth | William Young |
| Town of Newport | Daniel Wier |
| Town of Shelburne | Jared Ingersol Chipman |
| Town of Barrington | William Browne Sargent |
| Town of Yarmouth | Samuel Sheldon Poole |

Notes:


title: 12th Golden Horse Awards

abstract: The 12th Golden Horse Awards (Mandarin:第12屆金馬獎) took place on October 30, 1975, at Zhongshan Hall in Taipei, Taiwan.

text:
# 12th Golden Horse Awards

The **12th Golden Horse Awards** (Mandarin:第12屆金馬獎) took place on October 30, 1975, at Zhongshan Hall in Taipei, Taiwan.

## Winners and nominees

Winners are listed first, highlighted in **boldface**.

## InfoBox

| 12th Golden Horse Awards | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | October 30, 1975 |
| Site | Zhongshan Hall, Taipei, Taiwan |
| Organized by | Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival Executive Committee |
| Highlights | |
| Best Feature Film | *Land of the Undaunted* |
| Best Director | Liu Yi
*Long Way from Home* |
| Best Actor | Charlie Chin
*Long Way from Home* |
| Best Actress | Lisa Lu
*The Empress Dowager* |
|


title: 12th Golden Globe Awards

abstract: The 12th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film for 1954, were held on February 24, 1955, in the Cocoanut Grove at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, California.

text:
# 12th Golden Globe Awards

The **12th Golden Globe Awards**, honoring the best in film for 1954, were held on February 24, 1955, in the Cocoanut Grove at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, California.

## Winners

### Best Motion Picture - Drama

***On the Waterfront* directed by Elia Kazan**

### Best Motion Picture - Comedy or Musical

***Carmen Jones* directed by Otto Preminger**

### Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture - Drama

**Marlon Brando \- *On the Waterfront***

### Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture - Drama

**Grace Kelly \- *The Country Girl***

### Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture - Comedy or Musical

**James Mason \- *A Star Is Born***

### Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture - Comedy or Musical

**Judy Garland \- *A Star Is Born***

### Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture

**Edmond O'Brien \- *The Barefoot Contessa***

### Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture

**Jan Sterling \- *The High and the Mighty***

### Best Director - Motion Picture

**Elia Kazan \- *On the Waterfront***

### Best Screenplay - Motion Picture

**Ernest Lehman \- *Sabrina***

### Best Foreign Language Film

### Henrietta Award (World Film Favorites)

**Gregory Peck**  and  **Audrey Hepburn**

### Special Achievement Award

**Walt Disney**  for artistic merit in  ***The Living Desert***

### Cinematography - Color

***Brigadoon***  photographed by **Joseph Ruttenberg**

### Cinematography - Black and White

***On the Waterfront***  photographed by **Boris Kaufman**

### Promoting International Understanding

***Broken Lance*** \- directed by **Edward Dmytryk**

### Cecil B. DeMille Award

**Jean Hersholt**

### New Star of the Year Actor

(Three way tie)

### New Star of the Year Actress

(Three way tie)

### Honor Awards

## InfoBox

| 12th Golden Globe Awards | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | February 24, 1955 |
| Highlights | |
| Best Picture | *On The Waterfront* |
|


title: Alonzo Johnson

abstract: Alonzo Al Johnson was an American professional football player who was a linebacker for two seasons with the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL) during the 1980s. Johnson played college football for the Florida Gators, and was recognized twice as a first-team All-American. He was selected in the second round of the 1986 NFL draft.

text:
# Alonzo Johnson

**Alonzo Al Johnson** (April 4, 1963 – February 1, 2024) was an American professional football player who was a linebacker for two seasons with the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL) during the 1980s. Johnson played college football for the Florida Gators, and was recognized twice as a first-team All-American. He was selected in the second round of the 1986 NFL draft.

## Early life

Alonzo Al Johnson was born in Panama City, Florida. He attended Rutherford High School in Panama City, where he was a standout high school football player for the Rutherford Rams.

## College career

Johnson accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where he played for coach Charley Pell and coach Galen Hall's Florida Gators football teams from 1982 to 1985. Johnson was a key member of the Gators' defense in 1984 and 1985 when the Gators posted identical 9–1–1 overall win–loss records and led the Southeastern Conference (SEC) with best-in-the-conference records of 5–0–1 and 5–1, respectively. He was a first-team All-SEC selection and a first-team All-American in 1984 and 1985, and also a team captain both years. He finished his four-year college career with 335 tackles, 55 tackles for a loss and 27 quarterback sacks.

Johnson was later voted to the Florida Gators' All-Century Team and All-Time Team, and inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame as a "Gator Great." In 2006, he was ranked as No. 35 among the top 100 Gators of the first century of Florida football by the sportswriters of *The Gainesville Sun*.

## Professional career

Johnson was selected by the Philadelphia Eagles in the second round (48th overall) of the 1986 NFL draft. He played for the Eagles from 1986 to 1987. As a rookie, he played in fifteen games and started nine of them at rightside linebacker, with three interceptions. He left the Eagles before the beginning of the 1987 season in order to enter a drug rehabilitation program, and subsequently only played in three games for the Eagles in 1987. He was placed on the non-football injury list in December 1987, and did not play again.

## Death

Johnson died in Bay County, Florida, on February 1, 2024, at the age of 60.

## Bibliography

* Carlson, Norm, *University of Florida Football Vault: The History of the Florida Gators*, Whitman Publishing, LLC, Atlanta, Georgia (2007). ISBN 0-7948-2298-3.
* Golenbock, Peter, *Go Gators! An Oral History of Florida's Pursuit of Gridiron Glory*, Legends Publishing, LLC, St. Petersburg, Florida (2002). ISBN 0-9650782-1-3.
* Hairston, Jack, *Tales from the Gator Swamp: A Collection of the Greatest Gator Stories Ever Told*, Sports Publishing, LLC, Champaign, Illinois (2002). ISBN 1-58261-514-4.
* McCarthy, Kevin M., *Fightin' Gators: A History of University of Florida Football*, Arcadia Publishing, Mount Pleasant, South Carolina (2000). ISBN 978-0-7385-0559-6.
* Nash, Noel, ed., *The Gainesville Sun Presents The Greatest Moments in Florida Gators Football*, Sports Publishing, Inc., Champaign, Illinois (1998). ISBN 1-57167-196-X.

## InfoBox

Alonzo Johnson
| No. 54 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Linebacker |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1963-04-04)April 4, 1963
Panama City, Florida, U.S. |
| Died: | February 1, 2024(2024-02-01) (aged 60)
Bay County, Florida, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) |
| Weight: | 222 lb (101 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Rutherford (Panama City) |
| College: | Florida |
| NFL draft: | 1986 / round: 2 / pick: 48 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Games played: 18  Games started: 9  Sacks: 1.0  Interceptions: 3 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Along Came a Spider

abstract: "Along came a spider" is a line from "Little Miss Muffet". It may refer to:

text:
# Along Came a Spider

**"Along came a spider"** is a line from "Little Miss Muffet".

It may refer to:

## Music

## Television

* "Along Came a Spider", 2017 episode of the television series *Alone*
* "Along Came a Spider", 1962 episode of the television series *The Defenders*
* "Along Came a Spider", 1968 episode of the television series *The Outsider*
* *Along Came a Spider*, a 1970 ABC TV film starring Suzanne Pleshette
* "Along Came a Spider", an episode of the television series *Transformers: Animated*
* "Along Came a Spider", 2015 episode of the television series *Red vs. Blue*

## Other uses


title: Alone, Again

abstract: Alone, Again is a solo piano album by Paul Bley, recorded in Norway in 1974 and released on Bley's own Improvising Artists label in 1975.

text:
# Alone, Again

***Alone, Again*** is a solo piano album by Paul Bley, recorded in Norway in 1974 and released on Bley's own Improvising Artists label in 1975.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide* |  |

Allmusic awarded the album 3 stars noting "Bley stayed mainly in the piano's center, creating nimble melodies, working off them and crafting alternate directions or intriguing counterpoints. It was intellectual, occasionally stiff, but never dull or detached".

## Track listing

All compositions by Paul Bley except where noted.

1. "Olhos de Gato" (Carla Bley) - 4:29
2. "Ballade" - 5:54
3. "And Now the Queen" (Carla Bley) - 3:06
4. "Glad" - 5:08
5. "Lovers" - 5:34
6. "Dreams" (Annette Peacock) - 5:57
7. "Explanations" - 6:48

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Alone, Again | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Paul Bley | |
| Released | 1975 |
| Recorded | August 8–9, 1974 |
| Studio | Bendiksen Studio, Oslo |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 36:56 |
| Label | Improvising Artists IAI 373840 |
| Producer | Paul Bley |
| Paul Bley chronology | |
| *Jaco*
(1975) ***Alone, Again***
(1975) *Quiet Song*
(1975) | |


title: (7474) 1992 TC

abstract: (7474) 1992 TC is a large sized M-type asteroid discovered by Robert H. McNaught in 1992. It is notably one of a few similar M-type asteroids, including the named asteroids 4660 Nereus and 65803 Didymos, which can be reached easily by spacecraft from Earth. The delta-V required to reach 7474 would be about 5.6 kilometres per second (3.5 mi/s), which is less than is needed to reach the Moon. M-type asteroids are thought to be composed primarily of nickel and iron, which if proven to be true means that 7474 may one day become an important source of raw materials in space. With an absolute magnitude of 18.0, the asteroid is about 670–1500 meters in diameter. On 2031-Aug-11 the asteroid will pass 0.085 AU from Mars.

text:
# (7474) 1992 TC

**(7474) 1992 TC** is a large sized M-type asteroid discovered by Robert H. McNaught in 1992. It is notably one of a few similar M-type asteroids, including the named asteroids 4660 Nereus and 65803 Didymos, which can be reached easily by spacecraft from Earth. The delta-V required to reach 7474 (1992 TC) would be about 5.6 kilometres per second (3.5 mi/s), which is less than is needed to reach the Moon. M-type asteroids are thought to be composed primarily of nickel and iron, which if proven to be true means that 7474 (1992 TC) may one day become an important source of raw materials in space.

With an absolute magnitude of 18.0, the asteroid is about 670–1500 meters in diameter. On 2031-Aug-11 the asteroid will pass 0.085 AU (12,700,000 km; 7,900,000 mi) from Mars.

## InfoBox

(7474) 1992 TC
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Discovery | |
| Discovered by | McNaught, R. H. |
| Discovery site | Siding Spring |
| Discovery date | 1 October 1992 |
| Designations | |
| MPC designation | 7474 |
| Alternative designations | 1992 TC |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Epoch 13 January 2016 (JD 2457400.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 9008 days (24.66 yr) |
| Aphelion | 2.023428544361125 AU (302.70060175002 Gm) |
| Perihelion | 1.107744504781589 AU (165.71621919495 Gm) |
| Semi-major axis | 1.565586524571357 AU (234.20841047248 Gm) |
| Eccentricity | 0.2924412113952760 |
| Orbital period (sidereal) | 1.96 yr (715.51 ) |
| Mean anomaly | 319.6698827668740 |
| Mean motion | 0° 30m 11.302s / day |
| Inclination | 7.087399865368700° |
| Longitude of ascending node | 88.65316330200990° |
| Argument of perihelion | 275.5510819132080° |
| Earth MOID | 0.166416 AU (24.8955 Gm) |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mean diameter | 670–1500 meters |
| Synodic rotation period | 5.540  (0.2308 ) |
| Spectral type |  |
| Absolute magnitude *(H)* | 18.0 |
|  | |


title: Düren station

abstract: Düren station is located to the north of the centre of Düren and is the largest station in the city and the district of Düren. It is located at the intersection of the Cologne–Aachen high-speed line with the lines to Linnich, Heimbach and Euskirchen. Until 1992 it was also connected to the Erft Railway. The train is served by Regional-Express, Regionalbahn and S-Bahn trains. It is the terminus of line S19 Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn. The station was opened on 1 September 1841 by the Rhenish Railway Company on its original line from Cologne to Belgium.

text:
# Düren station

**Düren station** is located to the north of the centre of Düren and is the largest station in the city and the district of Düren. It is located at the intersection of the Cologne–Aachen high-speed line with the lines to Linnich, Heimbach and Euskirchen. Until 1992 it was also connected to the Erft Railway.

The train is served by Regional-Express, Regionalbahn and S-Bahn trains. It is the terminus of line S19 Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn. The station was opened on 1 September 1841 by the Rhenish Railway Company on its original line from Cologne to Belgium.

## History

Düren station was established on 1 September 1841 with the opening of the Aachen–Düren–Cologne line. The station became more and more important during the period of industrialisation. This resulted in the opening of the following lines:

| 1864 | Düren – Euskirchen |
| --- | --- |
| 1869 | Düren – Bedburg – Neuss |
| 1873 | Düren – Jülich – Linnich |
| 1903 | Düren – Heimbach |

Due to its ever-improving accessibility Düren was served by increasing numbers of express trains on the various lines. Thus, there were express trains via Euskirchen to Bonn and via Bedburg and Neuss to Düsseldorf.

A depot for the maintenance of locomotives was also built at Düren. It was originally located immediately next to the station. In 1930, construction began on a new railway depot, which was located on the Aachen–Cologne line towards Merzenich. The construction took about three years and it became operational in 1933.

Unlike the rest of Düren, which was destroyed by the attacks of the Allies, the station was largely unscathed by World War II. During the war, the engine depot was badly damaged and it was only partially rebuilt after the war. Consequently, Düren depot lost its importance.

### Post-war

The great destruction of Düren during World War II reduced the city's financial resources. Decades old plans for remodelling the tracks and the construction of a new station building were therefore not implemented. Nevertheless, on 15 May 1949, D-Züge (express trains operated using coaches with corridors) began serving Düren station again. There were two express services: one from Brussels via Aachen, Cologne and Wiesbaden to Frankfurt, the second from Aachen via Cologne, Wiesbaden, Heidelberg, Stuttgart and Ulm to Munich. Thus, it was possible to travel from Düren without changing at Cologne or Aachen.

Following a significant fall in freight traffic, Düren depot closed on 1 July 1986 and was demolished three years later. As a result, Düren became a hub almost entirely for passenger services with little freight transport. In the next few decades, an increasing number of fast services stopped in Düren, including InterCity, InterRegio, EuroCity and night trains.

The period of fast services ended with the modernisation of the line in the early 21st century. In December 2002, the last D-Züge on the Cologne–Ostend route and the last night train on the Aachen–Dresden route were abandoned. A year later, the InterCity and night train lines were also modified so that Düren was no longer served by long-distance services. The station was also downgraded to a category 4 station.

The mayor of Düren unsuccessfully tried to get Intercity-Express and Thalys high speed trains on the Aachen–Cologne line to stop at Düren. Deutsche Bahn agreed, however, that the station would be upgraded to category 3 as soon as InterCity or night trains returned to the Aachen-Cologne line.

The upgrading of the Aachen–Düren–Cologne line and the related establishment of a S-Bahn line from Düren to Cologne led to a renewed increase in the importance of the Düren node. However, the Düren–Bedburg line was dismantled, the Düren–Euskirchen line was closed and the Düren–Jülich–Linnich and the Düren–Heimbach lines were sold to the *Dürener Kreisbahn* (Düren District Railway, DKB). Passenger and freight traffic on the latter lines was subsequently revitalised by the DKB. These services are now operated by Rurtalbahn.

The station building has been preserved until today. With the development of the high-speed line between Cologne and Aachen, Düren station was partially restored and completely modernised. The tracks and platforms were renewed and later the station building was renovated and modernised in stages. During the first stage of the upgrading of the Cologne–Düren line the platforms were all remodelled and upgraded to make them accessible by the disabled. The entrance to the station from Cologne was rebuilt for a top speed of 160 km/h. During the second stage tracks 1 and 2 will be upgraded for 200 km/h operations.

## Service at the station

The station is fully accessible with lifts available at all platforms. There are also guidelines on the ground for the blind. Services are available in the station building, including a ticket office, a bookstore, a bank, toilets, lockers and a DB-Service Store. The station also has a *Bahnhofsmission* (a charity that gives assistance of various sorts at German stations). At the southern exit to the station is a subway to the newly built bicycle parking, which was opened in September 2010 after several months of construction.

## InfoBox

| Düren | |
| --- | --- |
| Through station | |
| Station and RE1 train | |
| General information | |
| Location | Hauptbahnhof 1, Düren, North Rhine-Westphalia<br>Germany |
| Coordinates | 50°48′39″N 6°28′57″E / 50.81083°N 6.48250°E / 50.81083; 6.48250 |
| Owned by | Deutsche Bahn |
| Operated by |  |
| Line(s) |  |
| Platforms | 8 |
| Other information | |
| Station code | 1392 |
| DS100 code | KDN |
| IBNR | 8000084 |
| Category | 3 |
| Fare zone |  |
| Website | www.bahnhof.de |
| History | |
| Opened | 1 September 1841 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  DB Fernverkehr Following station  Aachen HbfTerminus  ICE 14  Köln Hbftowards Berlin Ostbahnhof or Hamburg Hbf  Aachen Hbftowards Köln Hbf  ICE 10  Köln Hbftowards Berlin Gesundbrunnen  Aachen HbfOne-way operation  ICE 19  Köln Hbftowards Berlin Ostbahnhof  Preceding station  DB Regio NRW Following station  Langerwehetowards Aachen Hbf  RE 9  Horremtowards Siegen Hbf  Langerwehetowards Heerlen  RB 20  *Terminus*  Preceding station National Express Germany Following station  Langerwehetowards Aachen Hbf  RE 1 (NRW-Express)  Horremtowards Hamm (Westf) Hbf  Preceding station Rurtalbahn Following station  Im Großen Taltowards Linnich SIG Combibloc  RB 21Northern Branch  *Terminus*  *Terminus*  RB 21Southern Branch  Annakirmesplatztowards Heimbach  RB 28via Zülpich  Nörvenich-Binsfeldtowards Euskirchen  Preceding station  Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn Following station  *Terminus*  S19  Merzenichtowards Au (Sieg) | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  DürenLocation in North Rhine-WestphaliaDürenLocation in GermanyDürenLocation in Europe | |


title: Dyschirius varidens

abstract: Dyschirius varidens is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Fall in 1910.

text:
# Dyschirius varidens

***Dyschirius varidens*** is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Fall in 1910.

## InfoBox

| *Dyschirius varidens* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Dyschirius* |
| Species: | ***D. varidens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dyschirius varidens***<br>Fall, 1910 | |
|


title: 10 Years and Gunnin'

abstract: 10 Years and Gunnin' is a greatest hits CD by M.O.P. The album name is a reference to N.W.A's LP 100 Miles and Runnin'.

text:
# 10 Years and Gunnin'

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *RapReviews* | 9/10 |

***10 Years and Gunnin'*** is a greatest hits CD by M.O.P. The album name is a reference to N.W.A's LP *100 Miles and Runnin'*.

## Tracks

| No. | Title | Producer | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "How About Some Hardcore" | DR Period | 4:33 |
| 2. | "Handle Ur Bizness" | Laze E Laze | 4:17 |
| 3. | "Fly Nigga Hill Figga" | M.O.P. | 4:07 |
| 4. | "4 Alarm Blaze" (featuring Teflon and Jay-Z) | Laze E Laze | 4:29 |
| 5. | "Ante Up (Robbin Hoodz Theory)" | DR Period | 4:09 |
| 6. | "World Famous" | Big Jaz | 4:11 |
| 7. | "Downtown Swinga ('96)" | DJ Premier | 3:40 |
| 8. | "Cold as Ice" | Fizzy Womack | 4:04 |
| 9. | "Born 2 Kill" | Big Jaz | 4:33 |
| 10. | "Ante Up Remix" (featuring Busta Rhymes, Teflon, and Remy Ma) | DR Period | 3:33 |

## Charts

| Chart (2003) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (*Billboard*) | 67 |
|

## InfoBox

| 10 Years and Gunnin' | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Greatest hits album by M.O.P. | |
| Released | April 1, 2003 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 41:40 |
| Label |  |
| Producer | * DJ Premier * Dr. Period * M.O.P. * Fizzy Womack |
| M.O.P. chronology | |
| *Warriorz*
(2000) ***10 Years and Gunnin'***
(2003) *Mash Out Posse*
(2004) | |


title: Dziekcz

abstract: Dziekcz is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuchola, within Tuchola County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Tuchola and 64 km (40 mi) north of Bydgoszcz.

text:
# Dziekcz

**Dziekcz** \[d͡ʑɛkt͡ʂ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuchola, within Tuchola County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Tuchola and 64 km (40 mi) north of Bydgoszcz.

## InfoBox

| Dziekcz | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Dziekcz | |
| Coordinates: 53°41′1″N 17°51′45″E / 53.68361°N 17.86250°E / 53.68361; 17.86250 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Tuchola |
| Gmina | Tuchola |
| Population | 51 |


title: Dwarka Nath Chatterjee

abstract: Dwarka Nath Chatterjee was an Indian diplomat.

text:
# Dwarka Nath Chatterjee

**Dwarka Nath Chatterjee** (born 2 November 1914) was an Indian diplomat.

## Early life and education

Chatterjee was born on 2 November 1914.

Chatterjee was educated at Calcutta University, and later went on to attend King's College, London, London School of Economics and School of Oriental Studies.

## Career

Chatterjee joined the military in 1940 and served until 1948, attaining the rank of Major. In 1948, he joined the Indian Foreign Service.

Between 1962 and 1964, he was the Indian Ambassador to the Congo. Between 1969 and 1969, he was the deputy high commissioner to the UK.

In 1969 he was appointed the ambassador to France and served till 1976.

## InfoBox

| Dwarka Nath Chatterjee | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Ambassador of India to France | |
| **In office**
February 1969 - 1976 | |
| Preceded by | Chandra Shekhar |
| Succeeded by | Ramchandra Dattatraya Sathe |
| Deputy High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom | |
| Acting High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom | |
| **In office**
1967–1969 | |
| Succeeded by | P. N. Kaul |
| High Commissioner of India to Australia | |
| **In office**
1965 - 1968 | |
| Ambassador of India to the Democratic Republic of the Congo | |
| **In office**
1962 - 1964 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1914-11-02)2 November 1914 |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance | British Indian Army |
| Rank | Major |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Ertu Guð, afi?

abstract: Ertu Guð, afi? is an Icelandic children's novel by Þorgrímur Þráinsson. It won the 2010 Icelandic Children's Book Prize, which guarantees publication with the Vaka-Helgafell press. It is Þorgrímur's twenty-fourth book, and his second to win the prize.

text:
# Ertu Guð, afi?

***Ertu Guð, afi?*** (*Are You God, Granddad?*) is an Icelandic children's novel by Þorgrímur Þráinsson. It won the 2010 Icelandic Children's Book Prize, which guarantees publication with the Vaka-Helgafell press. It is Þorgrímur's twenty-fourth book, and his second to win the prize.

## Plot summary

The novel is a first-person narrative from the point of view of the lively and restless Emma Soffía, who for most of the narrative is eleven years old. It starts with news that her paternal grandfather, known to Emma Soffía as Afi Afríka ('Grandad Africa'), will return to Iceland from living in Africa for the first time in eleven years. The novel charts the developing relationship between the narrator and her grandfather over the course of about a year, and how it changes her relationship with her mother (prone to grumpiness, consumerism, and sometimes disinclined to show Emma Soffía the affection that she feels), her father (who is a seaman and therefore absent for long stretches of time), and with herself. Afi Afríka is given to mediation, offering spiritual insights and experiences, and to finding pastimes for his granddaughter which entertain her yet help her to develop patience and inner piece. The novel closes with Afi Afríka's death, Catholic funeral, and his bequest to Emma Soffía of his elegant home near Landakotskirkja.

## Critical reception

In the estimation of Helga Birgisdóttir and María Bjarkadóttir, 'the message is clear and good: think beautiful thoughts, conduct yourself well, and be good to people and animals. This is a beautiful book but the message is often repeated to the reader, who is rather confused when the book ends on a "boom-time" note: the main character inherits a penthouse flat'.


title: Anne Martin (Gaelic singer)

abstract: Anne Martin, also known as Anna Mhartainn is a Gaelic singer from the Isle of Skye whose performances explore and celebrate her cultural heritage through music. She has performed internationally in Ireland, Australia and India as well as in Scotland, her native country.

text:
# Anne Martin (Gaelic singer)

**Anne Martin**, also known as Anna Mhartainn (born 1963) is a Gaelic singer from the Isle of Skye whose performances explore and celebrate her cultural heritage through music. She has performed internationally in Ireland, Australia and India as well as in Scotland, her native country.

## Early life

Anne Martin was born in Linicro, Kilmuir on the Isle of Skye in 1963. Gaelic song was part of her life since early childhood, where traditional music played a significant role.

## Career

Anne Martin is an international artist who has performed in Ireland, Australia, Canada and India. She also provided the soundtrack for the 2016 film shot by crofters from the Isle of Skye 'Grazing on the Edge'. Anne Martin was one of the original founders of the Ceol on the Croft festival, a two-day music festival, which took place in Kilmuir on the Isle of Skye for two years running in 2014 and 2015.

In 2017, Anne Martin collaborated with Jason Singh to create Ceumannan – Footsteps 2 as part of a project commissioned by Atlas Arts. The collaboration began on the Isle of Skye, where Jason Singh visited on invitation from Atlas Art. The pair were then funded by the same organisation to visit India where they explored intercultural responses to landscapes and storytelling as well as the harmonic traditions of Indian and Gaelic music. The resulting album is described as a synthesis of traditional Gaelic song and North Indian Raga. Ceumannan was selected as a winning commission at the PRS Foundation's New Music Biennial awards and Martin and Singh performed the piece together as part of the PRS Festival, which took place in Hull in 2017. During their visit to India, Martin and Singh had met international artists Sharat Chandra Srivastava and Gyan Singh. Together they developed a new music piece entitled Routes, which they performed under the band name Lahira with Joe Harrison-Greaves at Sabhal Mòr Ostaig during the Skye Festival in July 2017 and at Celtic Connections in Glasgow in January 2018.

## Discography

### Solo album

* Co...? (2002)

### Collaborative works

* Nighean Nan Geug (2005) with Ingrid Henderson
* Ceumannan – Footsteps 2 (2017) with Jason Singh
* Routes (2017) with band Lahira (includes Jason Singh, Joe Harrison-Greaves, Sharat Chandra Srivastava and Gyan Singh)

## InfoBox

| Anne Martin | |
| --- | --- |
| Anna Mhartainn | |
| Nationality | Scottish |
| Education | MSc Material Culture and Highland History |
| Occupation | Gaelic singer |
| Website | http://www.annemartin.scot/ |