title: 1976 Seattle nurses strike

abstract: The 1976 Seattle nurses strike was a labor dispute between registered nurses represented by the Washington State Nurses Association and Seattle, Washington-area hospitals. More than 1,500 nurses went on strike for more than two months at 15 hospitals. Lasting 65 days, it was the longest nurses strike in U.S. history to that point. The strike was intersected with the feminist movement as many of the younger, university-educated nurses and largely female nurses rejected being yelled at by doctors and other issues of workplace harassment on top of other concerns about wages, staffing and the closed shop.

text:
# 1976 Seattle nurses strike

The **1976 Seattle nurses strike** was a labor dispute between registered nurses represented by the Washington State Nurses Association and Seattle, Washington-area hospitals. More than 1,500 nurses went on strike for more than two months at 15 hospitals. Lasting 65 days, it was the longest nurses strike in U.S. history to that point. The strike was intersected with the feminist movement as many of the younger, university-educated nurses and largely female nurses rejected being yelled at by doctors and other issues of workplace harassment on top of other concerns about wages, staffing and the closed shop.


title: Elimia pybasii

abstract: Elimia pybasii is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the family Pleuroceridae. This species is endemic to the United States.

text:
# Elimia pybasii

***Elimia pybasii*** is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the family Pleuroceridae. This species is endemic to the United States.

## InfoBox

| *Elimia pybasii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Family: | Pleuroceridae |
| Genus: | *Elimia* |
| Species: | ***E. pybasii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Elimia pybasii***
I. Lea, 1862 | |
|


title: Elimia livescens

abstract: Elimia livescens, common name the liver elimia, is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pleuroceridae.

text:
# Elimia livescens

***Elimia livescens***, common name the **liver elimia**, is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pleuroceridae.

## Shell description

The height of the shell of this species can be as large as 20 mm.

## Distribution

*Elimia livescens* is native to the United States. It occurs in the Saint Lawrence River drainage from Great Lake to Lake Champlain; in tributaries of the Ohio River east of the Scioto River in Ohio; and in the Wabash River, west to the Illinois River.

The nonindigenous distribution of *Elimia livescens* includes the lower Hudson River drainage. It migrated to the Hudson River via the Erie Canal. The impact of this introduction is unknown.

## Ecology

### Habitat

This snail is found in freshwater rivers and streams, on rock shoals and gravel bars.

### Life cycle

The sexes are separate. Eggs are usually laid in the spring. The snails often reach sexual maturity in a year, and can live for 5 years.

### Parasites

Parasites of *Elimia livescens* include trematode *Aspidogaster conchicola*.

This article incorporates public domain text from the reference

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Elimia livescens* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| shell of *Elimia livescens* | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Family: | Pleuroceridae |
| Genus: | *Elimia* |
| Species: | ***E. livescens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Elimia livescens***
(Menke, 1830) | |
|


title: Anton Karinger

abstract: Anton Karinger (1829-1870) was a Slovene painter and poet. He was a pupil of Steinfeld in Vienna and is known for landscapes and seascapes, mostly views of Carinthia and the Adriatic coast. His painting View of Mt. Triglav from Bohinj, along with other paintings of Triglav, became a symbol of the Carinthian Slovene people and is part of the core collection of the National Gallery of Slovenia.

text:
# Anton Karinger

**Anton Karinger** (1829-1870) was a Slovene painter and poet.

He was a pupil of Steinfeld in Vienna and is known for landscapes and seascapes, mostly views of Carinthia and the Adriatic coast.

His painting *View of Mt. Triglav from Bohinj*, along with other paintings of Triglav, became a symbol of the Carinthian Slovene people and is part of the core collection of the National Gallery of Slovenia.

## InfoBox

| Anton Karinger | |
| --- | --- |
| Self-portrait | |
| Born | 23 October 1829
Ljubljana |
| Died | 14 March 1870
Ljubljana |


title: Antiesen

abstract: Antiesen is a river of Upper Austria and a right tributary of the Inn. It is 44.7 km (27.8 mi) long. It flows into the Inn near Antiesenhofen.

text:
# Antiesen

**Antiesen** is a river of Upper Austria and a right tributary of the Inn. It is 44.7 km (27.8 mi) long. It flows into the Inn near Antiesenhofen.

## InfoBox

| Antiesen | |
| --- | --- |
| The Antiesen discharging into the Inn | |
| Location of mouth in Austria | |
| Location | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Upper Austria |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Inn |
| coordinates | 48°22′15″N 13°24′30″E / 48.3707°N 13.4084°E / 48.3707; 13.4084 |
| Length | 44.7 km (27.8 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | InnDanubeBlack Sea |


title: Elisabeth Scherer

abstract: Elisabeth Scherer was a German actress. She appeared in more than 30 films and television shows between 1942 and 2009.

text:
# Elisabeth Scherer

**Elisabeth Scherer** (30 July 1914  18 April 2013) was a German actress. She appeared in more than 30 films and television shows between 1942 and 2009.

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Elisabeth Scherer | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1914-07-30)30 July 1914
Cologne, Germany |
| Died | 18 April 2013(2013-04-18) (aged 98)
Cologne, Germany |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1942–2009 |


title: 1863 Atlantic hurricane season

abstract: The 1863 Atlantic hurricane season featured five landfalling tropical cyclones. In the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 has been estimated. There were seven recorded hurricanes and no major hurricanes, which are Category 3 or higher on the modern day Saffir–Simpson scale. Of the known 1863 cyclones, seven were first documented in 1995 by José Fernández-Partagás and Henry Diaz, while the ninth tropical storm was first documented in 2003. These changes were largely adopted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic hurricane reanalysis in their updates to the Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT), with some adjustments. Although it is not officially listed in HURDAT, Hurricane "Amanda", named after a ship run aground by the storm, developed in the Gulf of Mexico on May 24. First documented by Edward N. Rappaport and Fernández-Partagás in 1995, the system capsized several other ships and caused damage along the coast of the Florida Panhandle. The cyclone made landfall near Apalachicola, Florida, exceptionally early in the season, on May 28. Amanda is the only known hurricane landfall in the United States in the month of May since HURDAT records began in 1851. On land and at sea, the cyclone left at least 110 fatalities. Few other storms were notable. In August, the third official storm capsized the American brig Bainbridge off Hatteras, North Carolina, drowning 80 people. The seventh official cyclone caused 10 deaths near Tampico, Tamaulipas, after the ship J.K.L. sunk.

text:
# 1863 Atlantic hurricane season

The **1863 Atlantic hurricane season** featured five landfalling tropical cyclones. In the absence of modern satellite and other remote-sensing technologies, only storms that affected populated land areas or encountered ships at sea were recorded, so the actual total could be higher. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 has been estimated. There were seven recorded hurricanes and no major hurricanes, which are Category 3 or higher on the modern day Saffir–Simpson scale. Of the known 1863 cyclones, seven were first documented in 1995 by José Fernández-Partagás and Henry Diaz, while the ninth tropical storm was first documented in 2003. These changes were largely adopted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic hurricane reanalysis in their updates to the Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT), with some adjustments.

Although it is not officially listed in HURDAT, Hurricane "Amanda", named after a ship run aground by the storm, developed in the Gulf of Mexico on May 24. First documented by Edward N. Rappaport and Fernández-Partagás in 1995, the system capsized several other ships and caused damage along the coast of the Florida Panhandle. The cyclone made landfall near Apalachicola, Florida, exceptionally early in the season, on May 28. Amanda is the only known hurricane landfall in the United States in the month of May since HURDAT records began in 1851. On land and at sea, the cyclone left at least 110 fatalities. Few other storms were notable. In August, the third official storm capsized the American brig *Bainbridge* off Hatteras, North Carolina, drowning 80 people. The seventh official cyclone caused 10 deaths near Tampico, Tamaulipas, after the ship *J.K.L.* sunk.

## Timeline

## Systems

### Hurricane One

| Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | August 8 – August 9 |
| Peak intensity | 105 mph (165 km/h) (1-min);
 |

A Category 2 hurricane was first encountered by the ship *Francis B. Cutting* about 630 mi (1,010 km) south-southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland, on August 8. With winds estimated at 105 mph (165 km/h), the storm weakened to a Category 1 hurricane several hours later as it tracked northeastward. The cyclone was last noted late on August 9.

### Hurricane Two

| Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | August 18 – August 19 |
| Peak intensity | 105 mph (165 km/h) (1-min);
 |

The ship *American Congress* first encountered this storm on August 18, about 320 mi (510 km) south-southeast of Sable Island. Reports from *American Congress* and other ships in the cyclone's path suggest that the storm was a Category 2 hurricane that moved east-northeastward offshore Atlantic Canada between August 18 and August 19. The hurricane caused the loss of the ship *B.R. Millam*, whose crew transferred to the *Thebes*, while the *Herzogin* lost several masts and sails.

### Hurricane Three

| Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | August 19 – August 23 |
| Peak intensity | 105 mph (165 km/h) (1-min);
975 mbar (hPa) |

A hurricane was first seen by the ship *Addie Barnes* on August 19 in the western Atlantic Ocean, about midway between the southeastern Bahamas and Bermuda. It headed northwestward, causing heavy rains and damage to the Outer Banks of North Carolina, but remained offshore. It turned northeastward and made landfall near Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone. Several vessels were struck by the hurricane. The American brig *Bainbridge* capsized in the storm off Hatteras early on August 21 with the loss of 80 lives. The sole survivor was picked up by the *South Boston* on the evening of August 22. The ship *American Congress* encountered this hurricane on August 22 off Georges Bank. On August 23, the *Minor* was wrecked on the south side of St Paul Island, off the northeastern tip of Nova Scotia. Two ships, including the *Ashburton* recorded a barometric pressure of 975 mbar (28.8 inHg), the lowest in relation to the storm.

### Hurricane Four

| Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | August 27 – August 28 |
| Peak intensity | 105 mph (165 km/h) (1-min);
 |

This hurricane is known from two ship reports. The steamship *Dolphin*, sailing from Key West to New York City, encountered a hurricane on the night of August 27 and for 18 hours thereafter. Wind reports from the ship suggested that the storm was a Category 2 hurricane winds of 105 mph (165 km/h). The brig *Camilla* was struck about 200 mi (320 km) from Sandy Hook in New Jersey on August 28 and forced to return to port for repairs. The storm was last noted later that day.

### Hurricane Five

| Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | September 9 – September 16 |
| Peak intensity | 80 mph (130 km/h) (1-min);
 |

A tropical storm was initially encountered near the Lesser Antilles on September 9 by the ship *Frank W.*. Later that day, the ship *Mary Ann* was dismasted. It is estimated that the cyclone intensified into a Category 1 hurricane around 12:00 UTC on September 9, with winds reaching 80 mph (130 km/h). The system moved north-northwestward or northward for several days and closely approached Bermuda late on September 11. Around that time, some ships to the southeast of the island were damaged during the storm and put into Bermuda as a result. By early on September 13, the hurricane was beginning to move in a more northeasterly direction. The bark *Machae* was dismasted on September 14. The cyclone weakened to a tropical storm early the following day. On September 16, the *Glad Tiding* last observed the storm about halfway between Newfoundland and Ireland.

### Tropical Storm Six

| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | September 16 – September 19 |
| Peak intensity | 70 mph (110 km/h) (1-min);
 |

A tropical storm formed near South Florida on September 16. Later that day, the sloop *Eliza* was dismantled at Matanilla Reef, about 50 mi (80 km) north of Grand Bahama. Moving north-northeastward, the storm began approaching the Carolinas on September 17. The cyclone intensified and peaked with winds of 70 mph (110 km/h) that same day. Around 13:00 UTC on September 18, the system made landfall in Emerald Isle, North Carolina. Thereafter, the storm tracked rapidly north-northeastward and lost tropical characteristics near the ConnecticutMassachusettsNew York state lines early on September 19.

In South Carolina, strong winds and large waves impacted the Charleston area. A number of homes were destroyed, forcing some occupants to ride out the storm completely exposed to the weather. Waves overtopped the levees, flooding army camps along the coast. On September 18, two schooners were capsized in the Lower Potomac River. Crops were also destroyed in the area, while a railroad bridge was carried away. A ship was demasted off Cove Point in Chesapeake Bay on September 18. Heavy rainfall in Pennsylvania resulted in flooding along the Delaware River and Lehigh Canal, especially in Easton. In Jim Thorpe, then known as Mauch Chunk, three bridges washed away, while a dam was destroyed. In New York City, gale-force winds were observed at harbor.

### Tropical Storm Seven

| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | September 18 – September 19 |
| Peak intensity | 60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min);
 |

On September 18, a heavy northern gale wrecked the ship *Smoker* on the bar at Tampico, Tamaulipas, in Mexico. On September 19, two ships were capsized, the *John Howell* and the *J.K.L*. After the latter sunk, 10 people drowned, including the captain. No specific locations are known for these shipwrecks so no complete track for this storm is known, but it was active in the western Gulf of Mexico beginning on September 18. The storm made landfall early on September 19 in a rural area of Tamaulipas to the north of Tampico. Based on John Kaplan and Mark DeMaria's inland decay model created in 1995, it is estimated that the cyclone dissipated several hours later. Climate researcher Michael Chenoweth does not consider this system to have been a tropical cyclone, instead attributing the squally weather to a cold front and high-pressure area.

### Tropical Storm Eight

| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | September 26 – September 27 |
| Peak intensity | 60 mph (95 km/h) (1-min);
 |

Three ships reported encountering a tropical storm on September 26 in the western Atlantic, beginning with the *Horace E. Bell* about 320 mi (510 km) west-southwest of Bermuda. Data from these ships indicated that the storm peaked with winds of 60 mph (95 km/h). The storm moved rapidly north-northwestward and was last noted offshore the Mid-Atlantic early on September 27. Chenoweth also proposed the removal of this storm from HURDAT due to "Insufficient supporting evidence from other neighboring data sources".

### Tropical Storm Nine

| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | September 29 – September 30 |
| Peak intensity | 70 mph (110 km/h) (1-min);
999 mbar (hPa) |

A tropical storm formed offshore southeast Texas on at 00:00 UTC on September 29, though the system exhibited some non-tropical characteristics. Moving northeastward, the cyclone made landfall near Galveston, Texas, about twelve hours later with winds of 70 mph (110 km/h). Around that time, a barometric pressure of 999 mbar (29.5 inHg) was observed in Houston, the lowest pressure in relation to the storm. At 12:00 UTC, the cyclone transitioned into an extratropical cyclone over southwestern Louisiana. The remnants moved north-northeastward until dissipating over southern Mississippi on October 1.

In Texas, strong winds and tree damage occurred at Sabine Pass, where the schooner *Manhasett* was driven ashore. The *Manhasett*, a Union ship, was then captured by the Confederates. In Louisiana, heavy rainfall at the Atchafalaya Basin over the course of two and a half days forced Confederate troops to remain at Morgan's Ferry. Rainfall from the storm in New Orleans ended a drought in the city.

### Other storms

#### Hurricane "Amanda"

Meteorologists Edward N. Rappaport and José Fernández-Partagás first documented this system in 1995. Based on analysis from Michael Chenoweth and Cary Mock in 2013, a tropical system developed in the Gulf of Mexico on May 24. Named for the USS *Amanda*, a bark which it drove ashore, the tropical cyclone is estimated to have intensified into a hurricane on May 27. It moved northward and made landfall to the west of Apalachicola, Florida, on May 28. Early that day, *Amanda* observed a barometric pressure of 975 mbar (28.8 inHg), the lowest in association with the cyclone, and was analyzed by Chenoweth and Mock as a Category 2 hurricane with 105 mph (165 km/h) sustained winds. The storm weakened while moving inland, before accelerating ahead of a cold front and becoming an extratropical cyclone over Kentucky late on May 29. An extratropical low absorbed the remnants of the storm over Quebec on May 31. As delineated by Chenoweth and Mock, Amanda would be the earliest calendar year U.S. landfalling hurricane. However, this storm is not listed in HURDAT2.

Amanda caused heavy damage in the northeast Gulf of Mexico and the Florida Panhandle. In addition to sinking the *Amanda*, several other ships encountered the storm or were also capsized. At least 38 deaths occurred at sea. In St. Marks, Florida, strong winds destroyed homes and fences, as well as the salt works, ruining about 40,000 bushels of salt. Storm surge inundated crops and the railroad tracks. A total of 40 people and 48 mules and oxen drowned. An additional 32 people drowned at Dickerson Bay and Goose Creek. Some coastal forts were damaged, while tents and equipment used by Confederate troops were lost. In Tallahassee, heavy rainfall and severe gales were reported, damaging homes and other properties. The hurricane caused upward of 110 fatalities.

#### Newfoundland Storm

On September 11, the ship *North American* reported a 'hurricane from SW' at a position that would indicate a storm center just east of Newfoundland. No evidence of a tropical origin for this cyclone has been found.

## InfoBox

| 1863 Atlantic hurricane season | |
| --- | --- |
| Season summary map | |
| Seasonal boundaries | |
| First system formed | May 24, 1863 |
| Last system dissipated | September 30, 1863 |
| Strongest storm | |
|  | |
| Name | One, Two, Three, and Four |
| Maximum winds | 105 mph (165 km/h)
(*1-minute sustained*) |
|  | |
| Seasonal statistics | |
| Total storms | 9 official, 2 unofficial |
| Hurricanes | 5 official, 1 unofficial |
| Major hurricanes
(Cat. 3+) | 0 |
| Total fatalities | 200 |
| Total damage | Unknown |
|  | |
|


title: 1863 Chicago mayoral election

abstract: In the Chicago mayoral election of 1863, Democrat Francis Cornwall Sherman won reelection, defeating National Union (Republican) nominee Thomas Barbour Bryan by an extremely narrow quarter percent margin.

text:
# 1863 Chicago mayoral election

In the **Chicago mayoral election of 1863**, Democrat Francis Cornwall Sherman won reelection, defeating National Union (Republican) nominee Thomas Barbour Bryan by an extremely narrow quarter percent margin.

## Background

In 1862, Sherman had appointed a committee which recommended that Chicago pass a new city charter which would annex Bridgeport and Holstein, lengthen the terms for mayor, treasurer, collector, city attorney, and clerk of police each from one to two years. Ultimately, such a charter and measures came to pass before the 1863 mayoral election. This made 1863 the first mayoral election held to a two-year term.

Since his 1862 mayoral victory, Sherman had, in October 1862, lost a congressional election to Isaac N. Arnold.

The election was held on April 21. It was the third of four Chicago mayoral elections which took place during the course of the American Civil War.

Local tensions between the two major parties were strong in the spring of 1863. Alderman Charles C. P. Holden had introduced several resolutions which Sherman vetoed for being too partisan. Republicans sought to see Democrats provide greater support for war measures, while Democrats were critical of President Lincoln's handling of the war. At the time the Common Council's swing vote was Alderman Shimp, a Democrat voted with the Republicans.

## Campaigning

The Republican (National Union) party nominated Thomas Barbour Bryan. He had previously been an unsuccessful candidate in the 1861 mayoral election. The Democratic Party renominated Mayor Sherman.

Bryan had been a reluctant candidate, as was the case when he ran in 1861.

Sherman's candidacy benefited immensely from the support of Irish and German voters from the newly annexed neighborhoods of the city.

The *Chicago Tribune* characterized Sherman as being sound in his position on the war, but criticized his affiliation with the *Chicago Times* and copperheads.

The Bridgeport ward of Chicago was nicknamed the "Egypt of Chicago". Democrats believed the ward would secure Sherman his margin of victory, a prediction which ultimately proved true.

## Results

With the exception of the nullified March 1844 mayoral election, Sherman's margin of victory was the narrowest in Chicago mayoral election history.

By winning this election, Sherman became the first individual to be elected to three terms as mayor of Chicago.

In the Common Council elections held simultaneously, nineteen Democrats and twelve Republicans were elected, with an additional seat being vacant. Nearly the entire Democratic ticket was elected by majorities between 250 and 300 votes.

**1863 Chicago mayoral election**
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Francis Cornwall Sherman (incumbent)** | **10,252** | **50.39** |
|  | National Union | Thomas Barbour Bryan | 10,095 | 49.62 |
| Turnout | | | 20,347 |  |

### Controversy

With a narrow vote, Republicans claimed that the Democrats had won through electoral fraud. They appointed a committee to investigate, and Bryan notified Sherman that he would contest the result.

Ultimately, Bryan did not contest. While he believed that he had received a majority of the legal votes, and was pressured by friends to contest the election he was not greatly enough concerned about the result of the election to pursue the process of contesting it.

## InfoBox

1863 Chicago mayoral election
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Nominee **Francis Cornwall Sherman** Thomas Barbour Bryan   Party Democratic National Union  Popular vote **10,252** 10,095  Percentage **50.39%** 49.62% | |
| ---  **Mayor before election**
Francis Cornwall Sherman
Democratic **Elected mayor**
Francis Cornwall Sherman
Democratic | |


title: Antonio Bulifon

abstract: Antonio Bulifon (1649-1707) was a French printer working in Naples. As a publisher Bulifon was "fundamentally important for the diffusion of women's poetry" in Italy.

text:
# Antonio Bulifon

**Antonio Bulifon** (1649-1707) was a French printer working in Naples. As a publisher Bulifon was "fundamentally important for the diffusion of women's poetry" in Italy.

## Life

Antonio Bulifon was born in Chaponay in Dauphiné in southeastern France, the son of Laurent Bulifon, a notary, and his wife Jeanne Pros. In 1668 he set out on travels across France, visiting shrines in Marseilles, Toulon and Aix, and continuing to Rome on hearing of the death of Pope Clement IX. In 1670 he moved to Naples, where he established a printing firm. For his printer's device he chose a Siren, perhaps a symbol for his adopted city, and the motto “non sempre nuoce” (“she does not always harm”). As a printer Bulifon specialized in travel books, histories of the city, and sixteenth-century lyric poetry. He republished the fairy tales of Giambattista Basile.

Bulifon's wealth of contacts, coupled with his virtual monopoly on the sale of foreign journals and books in Naples, transformed his bookshop into the primary conduit through which information and texts flowed freely in and out of the city. Not surprisingly, Bulifon's *bottega* became a gathering place for Neapolitan intellectuals including Giuseppe Artale, Francesco D'Andrea, Niccolò Toppi, Pompeo Sarnelli, Giovanni Vincenzo Gravina and Carlo Celano. The centrality of Bulifon's bookshop to Neapolitan intellectual life led foreign visitors from France, Germany, Switzerland, and England to his door. His shop became a mandatory stop for anyone traveling to Naples, as satisfied customers returned home and began to advertise his services. For example, after a trip to Naples in 1688, the author of *Nouveau voyage d'Italie* (1691), Maximilien Misson, described the printer as follows: “Mr. Bulifon, a bookseller, a native of France, but established for a long time in Naples, is not only clever in his trade, but knows an infinity of things, is the author of many good books and an exceedingly honorable man. He is extremely courteous to travelers and always ready to offer them his good offices”.

Bulifon gave particularly noteworthy attention to women's work. He republished the poetry of Vittoria Colonna in 1692 and 1693. Between 1692 and 1694 he also published the poems of Laura Terracina, Lucrezia Marinella, Veronica Gambara, Isabella Morra, Maria Selvaggia Borghini, Tullia d'Aragona, Laura Battiferri and Isabella Andreini, as well an anthology of fifty women poets.

Around the start of the 18th century Bulifon turned his printing business over to his son Niccolo. When the Austrians invaded Naples in 1707, he fled to Spain and sought the protection of Philip V. His Naples bookshop was attacked and destroyed by a mob, and he died later that year.

## Works

## Works published by Bulifon

* *Lo cunto de li cunti* by Giambattista Basile, ed. Pompeo Sarnelli. Naples, 1674.
* *Guida de forestieri: curiosi di vedere, e d'intendere le cose più notabili della regal cittá di Napoli, e del suo amenissimo distretto* by Pompeo Sarnelli. Naples, 1683.
* *Rime di M. Vittoria Colonna d'Avalo*. Naples, 1692.

## InfoBox

| Antonio Bulifon | |
| --- | --- |
| A mermaid with two intertwining tails depicted on the printer's mark of Antonio Bulifon | |
| Born | Antoine Bulifon
(1649-06-24)June 24, 1649
Chaponnay, Dauphiné |
| Died | July 1707(1707-07-00) (aged 58)
Spain |
| Occupation(s) | Scholar, printer, publisher |
| Spouse | Maddalena Criscuolo (m. 1673) |
| Children | 3 |
| Parent(s) | Laurent Bulifon and Jeanne Bulifon (née Pros) |


title: 1852 Danish Folketing election

text:
# 1852 Danish Folketing election

Folketing elections were held in Denmark on 4 August 1852. Although the National Liberal Party became the largest party, Christian Albrecht Bluhme of the Højre party remained Prime Minister after the elections.

## Electoral system

The elections were held using first-past-the-post voting in single-member constituencies. Only 15% of the population was eligible to vote in the elections, with suffrage restricted to men over 30 who were not receiving poor relief (or who had not paid back any previous poor relief received), were not classed as "dependents" (those who were privately employed but did not have a household) and who had lived in their constituency for a certain length of time.

## Results

|  | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
|  | National Liberal Party |  | | 47 | +5 |
|  | Society of the Friends of Peasants |  | | 40 | –5 |
|  | Højre |  | | 9 | +1 |
|  | Others |  | | 5 | –1 |
| Total | |  | | 101 | 0 |
|  | | | | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 211,002 | 26.6 |  | |
| Source: Skov, Nohlen & Stöver | | | | | |


title: Anthony Thompson (Canadian football)

abstract: Anthony Thompson is a Canadian former professional football defensive back who played for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was drafted 12th overall in the 2016 CFL Draft by the Lions. He played college football with the Southern Illinois Salukis.

text:
# Anthony Thompson (Canadian football)

**Anthony Thompson** (born March 23, 1990) is a Canadian former professional football defensive back who played for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was drafted 12th overall in the 2016 CFL Draft by the Lions. He played college football with the Southern Illinois Salukis.

## Professional career

Thompson re-signed with the BC Lions on June 23, 2021. He became a free agent after the 2021 season.

## InfoBox

Anthony Thompson
| No. 23 | |
| --- | --- |
| Thompson with the BC Lions in 2019 | |
| Born: | (1990-03-23) March 23, 1990<br>Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
| Career information | |
| CFL status | National |
| Position(s) | DB |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (183 cm) |
| Weight | 205 lb (93 kg) |
| College | Southern Illinois |
| CFL draft | 2016, round: 2, pick: 12 |
| Drafted by | BC Lions |
| Career history | |
| As player | |
| 20162019, 2021 | BC Lions |
|  | |
| Career stats | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: 1981 in Dutch television

text:
# 1981 in Dutch television

This is a list of Dutch television related events from 1981.

## Events

## Debuts

## Television shows

### 1950s

### 1970s

## Ending this year

## Births

## Deaths

| Date | Name | Age | Cinematic Credibility |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 5 February | Barend Barendse | 73 | Dutch sports reporter |
|

## InfoBox

| List of years in Dutch television |
| --- |
|  |
| *+...* |


title: 1977 US Open (tennis)

abstract: The 1977 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, Queens, in New York City, United States. The tournament ran from 29 August until 11 September. It was the 97th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1977. This was the third and final year in which the US Open was played on clay courts. After 68 years it was the final time the championship was played at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills before moving to Flushing Meadows for the 1978 tournament.

text:
# 1977 US Open (tennis)

The **1977 US Open** was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills, Queens, in New York City, United States. The tournament ran from 29 August until 11 September. It was the 97th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1977. This was the third and final year in which the US Open was played on clay courts. After 68 years it was the final time the championship was played at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills before moving to Flushing Meadows for the 1978 tournament.

## Seniors

### Men's singles

Guillermo Vilas defeated  Jimmy Connors 2–6, 6–3, 7–6<sup>(7-4)</sup>, 6–0

* It was Vilas's 2nd career Grand Slam title, and his 1st (and only) US Open title. He was the first Argentine tennis player to win the US Open.

### Women's singles

Chris Evert defeated  Wendy Turnbull 7–6, 6–2

* It was Evert's 7th career Grand Slam title, and her 3rd (consecutive) US Open title.

### Men's doubles

Bob Hewitt /  Frew McMillan defeated  Brian Gottfried /  Raúl Ramírez 6–4, 6–0

### Women's doubles

Martina Navratilova /  Betty Stöve defeated  Renee Richards /  Betty-Ann Stuart 6–1, 7–6

### Mixed doubles

Betty Stöve /  Frew McMillan defeated  Billie Jean King /  Vitas Gerulaitis 6–2, 3–6, 6–3

## Juniors

### Boys' singles

Van Winitsky defeated  Eliot Teltscher 6–4, 6–4

### Girls' singles

Claudia Casabianca defeated  Lea Antonoplis 6–3, 2–6, 6–2

## InfoBox

| 1977 US Open | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 29 August – 11 September |
| Edition | 97th |
| Category | Grand Slam (ITF) |
| Surface | Clay / outdoor |
| Location | Forest Hills, Queens, United States |
| Venue | West Side Tennis Club |
| Champions | |
| Men's singles | |
| Guillermo Vilas | |
| Women's singles | |
| Chris Evert | |
| Men's doubles | |
| Bob Hewitt /  Frew McMillan | |
| Women's doubles | |
| Martina Navratilova /  Betty Stöve | |
| Mixed doubles | |
| Betty Stöve /  Frew McMillan | |
|  | |


abstract: The 1983 NCAA Division I men's basketball championship game was the final game of the 1983 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. It determined the national champion for the 1982–83 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The game was played on April 4, 1983, at The Pit in Albuquerque, New Mexico and paired top-ranked, #1 seed Midwest Regional Champions, the Houston Cougars, and sixteenth-ranked, #6 seed West Regional Champions, the NC State Wolfpack. Hobbled by Clyde Drexler’s four first-half fouls, Houston trailed NC State at the end of the first half, 33–25. Houston opened the second half with a 17–2 run to seize a seven-point lead, 42–35. But NC State kept the game close, as Houston's star center Hakeem Olajuwon left the game multiple times to receive oxygen, leading the Cougars to slow the pace of the game in order to protect the lead. Tied at 52 with 44 seconds remaining, NC State held the ball for a final shot attempt. Houston's Benny Anders narrowly missed stealing the ball as the clock ticked down. After gathering the deflected ball nearly 30 feet from the basket, Dereck Whittenburg launched a desperation shot that fell short of the rim. Olajuwon hesitated in fear of a goaltending call, allowing Lorenzo Charles to catch the ball and dunk it for the 54–52 victory. One of the indelible images in tournament history is of winning coach Jim Valvano running onto the court after the game ended looking for Whittenburg. NC State's magical, improbable postseason run and national championship win, highlighted by Charles' game-winning dunk, remain a legendary representation of March Madness.

text:
# 1983 NCAA Division I men's basketball championship game

The **1983 NCAA Division I men's basketball championship game** was the final game of the 1983 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. It determined the national champion for the 1982–83 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The game was played on April 4, 1983, at The Pit in Albuquerque, New Mexico and paired top-ranked, #1 seed Midwest Regional Champions, the Houston Cougars, and sixteenth-ranked, #6 seed West Regional Champions, the NC State Wolfpack.

Hobbled by Clyde Drexler’s four first-half fouls, Houston trailed NC State at the end of the first half, 33–25. Houston opened the second half with a 17–2 run to seize a seven-point lead, 42–35. But NC State kept the game close, as Houston's star center Hakeem Olajuwon left the game multiple times to receive oxygen, leading the Cougars to slow the pace of the game in order to protect the lead. Tied at 52 with 44 seconds remaining, NC State held the ball for a final shot attempt. Houston's Benny Anders narrowly missed stealing the ball as the clock ticked down. After gathering the deflected ball nearly 30 feet from the basket, Dereck Whittenburg launched a desperation shot that fell short of the rim. Olajuwon hesitated in fear of a goaltending call, allowing Lorenzo Charles to catch the ball and dunk it for the 54–52 victory. One of the indelible images in tournament history is of winning coach Jim Valvano running onto the court after the game ended looking for Whittenburg.

NC State's magical, improbable postseason run and national championship win, highlighted by Charles' game-winning dunk, remain a legendary representation of March Madness.

## Participants

### NC State Wolfpack

Despite a preseason ranking of #16 in the AP poll, the Wolfpack sputtered to a 9–7 record after losing at Maryland on January 29. Three close victories in the ACC Tournament saved NC State from missing the NCAA Tournament altogether. Three of the team's four victories on the road to the Final Four came by one or two points. The Wolfpack trailed with a minute or less to play in six of their eight postseason games before this game.

* West
    + (6) NC State 69, (11) Pepperdine 67
    + (6) NC State 71, (3) UNLV 70
    + (6) NC State 75, (10) Utah 56
    + (6) NC State 63, (1) Virginia 62
* Final Four
    + (W6) NC State 67, (E4) Georgia 60

### Houston Cougars

Houston was ranked #14 in the AP poll to open the season, and fell to 5–2 after a 72–63 loss to #1 Virginia in Tokyo on December 16, 1982. The Cougars then ran off a 26-game winning streak, capturing the #1 ranking in the process, that was capped by a 94–81 victory over #2 Louisville to advance to the National Championship Game.

* Midwest
    + (1) Houston 60, (8) Maryland 50
    + (1) Houston 70, (4) Memphis 63
    + (1) Houston 89, (3) Villanova 71
* Final Four
    + (MW1) Houston 94, (ME1) Louisville 81

## Starting lineups

| NC State | Position | | Houston |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sidney Lowe 2 | G | | Alvin Franklin |
| Dereck Whittenburg | G | | Michael Young |
| Lorenzo Charles | F | | Clyde Drexler 1 |
| Thurl Bailey 1 | F | | Larry Micheaux 2 |
| Cozell McQueen | C | | Hakeem Olajuwon |
| Players selected in the 1983 NBA draft  (number indicates round) | | | | |

Source

## Game summary

| **#W6 NC State Wolfpack** **54**, #MW1 Houston Cougars 52 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by half:** **33**–25, 21–**27** | | |
| **Pts:** Thurl Bailey 15
**Rebs:** Cozell McQueen 12
**Asts:** Sidney Lowe 8 |  | **Pts:** Hakeem Olajuwon 20
**Rebs:** Hakeem Olajuwon 18
**Asts:** Alvin Franklin 3 |

NC State led at halftime by a score of 33–25. Houston was hampered by foul trouble that plagued star Clyde Drexler, who picked up three fouls early in the first half yet was begging to stay in the game. NC State sophomore guard Terry Gannon drew a controversial charging foul against Drexler to put him at four and leave him one foul away from disqualification; replays showed, and Drexler maintained later, that Gannon had appeared to grab Drexler's legs and pull him down with him and thus should have been called for a defensive foul.

In the second half, the Cougars came out with a second wind and established control of the game, eventually taking a seven-point lead at 52–45. Since the game was played in Albuquerque, players had to deal with the city's mile-high altitude. The Cougars' star center, Hakeem Olajuwon, had problems adjusting to the environment and tired quickly, needing to check out of the game multiple times so he could put on an oxygen mask and recover.

With Olajuwon on the bench, Houston head coach Guy Lewis decided that in order to protect the lead and Olajuwon's health at the same time, the Cougars slowed the game down. This enabled the Wolfpack to return to their standby strategy of extending the game. Houston's free throw shooting was very suspect entering the game (60.9% on the season), which worked greatly in NC State's favor as they were able to rally back and even the score at 52 in the final two minutes.

On what would be the last Houston possession, Valvano called for his players to back off and let freshman guard Alvin Franklin bring the ball up the court and stand by while Houston passed the ball around before they committed their foul. Valvano's strategy was to foul Franklin once he got the ball back, and Whittenburg did exactly that with 1:05 left in regulation.

The move was largely psychological, according to Whittenburg. Since Franklin was the youngest player on the Houston squad, everyone on the NC State side felt he could not handle the pressure of the moment with a potential championship at stake. The theory proved correct as Franklin missed the free throw, and the Wolfpack grabbed the rebound.

Valvano called timeout with 44 seconds left and drew up a play for senior guard Dereck Whittenburg that called for the team to pass him the ball with ten seconds left on the clock so he could take the final shot.

Houston needed a defensive stop so they could get another chance to close out the game. Lewis decided to move from the man-to-man defense his team had been running the whole game to a half court zone trap defense. The Wolfpack, who were not expecting the defensive adjustment, were forced to deviate and began passing the ball around just to keep the Cougars from stealing it. Houston nearly got the turnover it was looking for when Whittenburg made an errant pass to Gannon that Drexler nearly came away with before the sophomore regained control of the ball. The ball eventually wound up in the hands of guard Sidney Lowe, who gave it to forward and fellow senior Thurl Bailey in the corner.

Trying to keep the ball moving, as he had been double teamed as soon as he received the pass, Bailey looked back toward Whittenburg, who was approximately thirty feet away from the hoop near midcourt. Bailey threw what Whittenburg would later call a "poor fundamental" overhanded pass which Houston's Benny Anders, guarding Whittenburg on the play, was in position to steal. At this point, Whittenburg hearkened back to his high school days with Morgan Wootten at DeMatha Catholic High School, where he was taught to always catch the basketball with both hands. If Whittenburg had not attempted to do so in this case, Anders may have gotten the steal and a game-winning breakaway layup. In college basketball at the time, the game clock continued to run after a made field goal, and the Wolfpack likely would not have had time even to inbound the ball. As it was, Anders knocked the ball out of Whittenburg's hands, but Whittenburg quickly regained control.

The clock, meanwhile, had ticked down to five seconds and Whittenburg was still standing a significant distance from the goal. Once he regained control, Whittenburg turned and launched a desperation shot to try and win the game for NC State. The shot's trajectory took it to the front of the basket where Olajuwon was covering Wolfpack center Lorenzo Charles. As he watched the shot, Olajuwon said he knew the shot was going to come up short but he also did not want to go for the ball too early because of the potential for goaltending. Charles took advantage of the indecision by Olajuwon and went up for the air ball, then in one motion scored the go-ahead points with a two-handed tip-in dunk. The final two seconds ticked off the clock before Houston could inbound the ball, and with that the game ended and the Wolfpack were the national champions.

Despite the loss, Olajuwon was named Tournament MOP as he collected 41 points, 40 rebounds, and 15 blocked shots in the Final Four alone. To date, this remains the last time a player from the losing team was named Most Outstanding Player.

It was NC State's second NCAA championship. Their first championship was in 1974, when they defeated the Marquette Warriors. The Wolfpack became the first team to win the NCAA Tournament with at least 10 losses.

It also marked Drexler's final college game, as he entered the 1983 NBA draft with a year of eligibility remaining and was selected 14th overall by the Portland Trail Blazers. In 1995, he returned to Houston and rejoined Olajuwon after the defending champion Rockets traded Otis Thorpe to the Trail Blazers for him in the middle of the season, and he helped lead the Rockets to a second straight NBA championship.

| Starters: Pts Reb Ast   **43** Lorenzo Charles 4 7 0   **41** Thurl Bailey 15 5 0   **35** Sidney Lowe 8 0 8   **25** Dereck Whittenburg 14 5 1   **45** Cozell McQueen 4 12 1   Reserves:     **24** Terry Gannon 7 1 2   **33** Alvin Battle 2 1 1   **31** Ernie Myers 0 1 0   Head coach:  Jim Valvano | NC State Statistics Houston   23/59 (39%) Field goals 21/55 (38%)  8/11 (73%) Free throws 10/19 (53%)  32 Total rebounds 43  13 Assists 9  6 Turnovers 13  7 Steals 0  2 Blocks 8  16 Fouls 16 | Starters: Pts Reb Ast   **42** Michael Young 6 8 1   F/C **40** Larry Micheaux 4 6 0   **22** Clyde Drexler 4 2 0   **20** Alvin Franklin 4 0 3   **34** Akeem Olajuwon 20 18 1   Reserves:     G/F **44** Reid Gettys 4 2 2   G/F **32** Benny Anders 10 2 1   **54** Bryan Williams 0 4 1   **24** Dave Rose 0 1 0   Head coach:  Guy Lewis |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Broadcast call on the final shot

> **Packer:** They've got to drive to the basket, it's down to seven seconds.
> **Bender:** You can see the time. Whittenburg...oh that's a long ways. It's there!
> **Packer:** OHHHHH! *\[overlapping Bender, voice breaking\]* They won it! *\[pause\]* On the dunk!
>
> CBS' Gary Bender and Billy Packer calling Charles' game-winning dunk

## InfoBox

1983 NCAA Tournament Championship Game
| *National championship game* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| NC State Wolfpack Houston Cougars  ACC SWC  (25–10) (31–2)  54 52  Head coach:
Jim Valvano Head coach:
Guy Lewis | |
|  | |
| 1st half 2nd half Total  NC State Wolfpack 33 21 54  Houston Cougars 25 27 52 | |
| Date | April 4, 1983 |
| Venue | The Pit, Albuquerque, New Mexico |
| MVP | Hakeem Olajuwon, Houston |
| Favorite | Houston by 7.5 |
| Referees | Hank Nichols, Paul Housman, Joe Forte |
| Attendance | 17,327 |
|  | |
| United States TV coverage | |
| Network | CBS |
| Announcers | Gary Bender (play-by-play)
Billy Packer (color) |
|  | |
|


abstract: The 1971–72 National Football League was the 41st staging of the National Football League (NFL), an annual Gaelic football tournament for the Gaelic Athletic Association county teams of Ireland. Kerry successfully defended the Mayo title in the final for the second consecutive season.

text:
# 1971–72 National Football League (Ireland)

The **1971–72 National Football League** was the 41st staging of the National Football League (NFL), an annual Gaelic football tournament for the Gaelic Athletic Association county teams of Ireland.

Kerry successfully defended the Mayo title in the final for the second consecutive season.

## Format

### Divisions

* Division One: 16 teams. Split into two groups of 8.
* Division Two: 16 teams. Split into two groups of 8.

### Round-robin format

Each team played every other team in its division (or group where the division is split) once, either home or away.

### Points awarded

2 points were awarded for a win and 1 for a draw.

### Titles

### Knockout stage structure

In the Semi-Finals, the match-ups were as follows:

* **Quarter-final 1**: First-placed team in Division One (A) v Second-placed team in Division One (B)
* **Quarter-final 2**: Second-placed team in Division One (A) v First-placed team in Division One (B)

The final match-up is: Winner Semi-final 1 v Winner Semi-final 2.

### Separation of teams on equal points

In the event that teams finish on equal points, then teams were separated according to points average(goals scored divided by goals conceded).

## Division One

### Tables

## Division two

### Tables

#### Group A

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | F | A | Aver | Pts | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Longford | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 106 | 58 | 1.828 | **14** | Qualify for Knockout Stage; promoted to Division One of the 1972–73 NFL |
| Roscommon | 7 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 123 | 52 | 2.365 | **12** | |
| Carlow | 7 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 99 | 84 | 1.179 | **8** |  |
| Clare | 7 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 70 | 81 | 0.864 | **7** | |
| Limerick | 7 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 84 | 96 | 0.875 | **6** | |
| Wexford | 7 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 83 | 93 | 0.892 | **5** | |
| Wicklow | 7 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 65 | 104 | 0.625 | **2** | |
| Kilkenny | 7 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 68 | 130 | 0.523 | **2** | |

#### Group B Table

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | F | A | Aver | Pts | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Cavan | 7 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 97 | 47 | 2.064 | **12** | Qualify for Knockout Stage; promoted to Division One of the 1972–73 NFL |
| Westmeath | 7 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 109 | 81 | 1.346 | **10** | |
| Monaghan | 7 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 76 | 60 | 1.267 | **10** |  |
| Tyrone | 7 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 60 | 61 | 0.984 | **8** | |
| Louth | 7 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 76 | 75 | 1.013 | **7** | |
| Armagh | 7 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 72 | 89 | 0.809 | **4** | |
| Donegal | 7 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 64 | 99 | 0.646 | **3** | |
| Leitrim | 7 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 73 | 115 | 0.635 | **2** | |

## Knockout stage

### Division One

| 9 April 1972 Semi-Final | **Kerry** | **0-17  0-13** | **Derry** | Croke Park, Dublin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| 16 April 1972 Semi-Final | **Mayo** | **2-10  0-16** | **Offaly** | Croke Park, Dublin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| 30 April 1972 Semi-Final Replay | **Mayo** | **1-11  0-8** | **Offaly** | Croke Park, Dublin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| 14 May 1972 Final | **Kerry** | **2-11  1-9** | **Mayo** | Croke Park, Dublin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liam Higgins 1-4; Mick Gleeson 1-0; Mick O'Connell 0-3; Donal Kavanagh 0-2; Mick O'Dwyer, Jackie Walsh 0-1 each |  | W McGee 1-1; T O’Malley, J Corcoran 0-3 each, S Kilbride, J Higgins 0-1 each | Attendance: 32,883<br>Referee: P O'Tiarnain (Cavan) |

### Division two

| 9 April 1972 Semi-Final | **Roscommon** | **3-5  0-8** | **Cavan** | Croke Park, Dublin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| 16 April 1972 Semi-Final | **Longford** | **0-16  3-5** | **Westmeath** | Pearse Park, Longford |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| 30 April 1972 Final | **Longford** | **0-9  0-6** | **Roscommon** | Páirc Seán Mac Diarmada, Carrick-on-Shannon |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

1971–72 National Football League
| League details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | October 1971 – 14 May 1972 |
| League champions | |
| Winners | Kerry (10th win) |
| Captain | Mick Gleeson |
| League runners-up | |
| Runners-up | Mayo |
| Captain | Ray Prendergast |
| Other division winners | |
| Division 2 | Longford |
| 1969–70  1972–73 | |


title: Eberhard Friedrich von Venningen

abstract: Eberhard Friedrich von Venningen was a lieutenant general of Electoral Palatinate and senior amtmann of Oppenheim, who derived from the Alsace line of the Venningen family. He reclaimed the castle and town of Grombach for his family and was responsible for the construction of the Haus zum Riesen in Heidelberg.

text:
# Eberhard Friedrich von Venningen

**Eberhard Friedrich von Venningen** (1642 - 2 June 1710) was a lieutenant general of Electoral Palatinate and senior amtmann of Oppenheim, who derived from the Alsace line of the Venningen family. He reclaimed the castle and town of Grombach for his family and was responsible for the construction of the Haus zum Riesen in Heidelberg.

## Life

Eberhard Friedrich von Venningen was the son of the Electorate's hunting master, Philipp Ludwig von Venningen (died 1678), and Maria Catharina von Rathsamhausen. At that time, the family had a high position in the Electorate's court and Eberhard entered the service of Elector Charles Louis. His sister Anna Eleonore von Venningen, who married Georg Gottfried von Rathsamhausen, was a lady-in-waiting to Charles Louis' daughter, Elizabeth Charlotte. In her letters, Eberhard Friedrich is mentioned frequently. He participated in a hunt with greyhounds in 1669.

In 1678, von Venningen was a master of the hunt and in 1680 he became senior master of the hunt. That same year, he accompanied the Elector to England, where both were awarded the degree of doctor of medicine. In 1688, he became a Hauptmann and in 1693 a colonel in the Electorate's army. He was seriously wounded at the siege of Landau in 1702 and was promoted to lieutenant general in 1706.

From 1672, he undertook long negotiations on behalf of his family with the Raitz von Frentz family, regarding the castle and town of Grombach, which the Venningen family had possessed from 1498 until the early seventeenth century, but had then passed out of their possession through inheritance in the female line. The dispute continued until 1798 and thus over several generations, but Eberhard Friedrich obtained a ruling of possession in 1697 and the return of Grombach to the Venningen family in 1702. Thereafter, his brother Philipp Egolph (died 1708) resided at Grombach castle.

In 1707, Eberhard Friederich had the Haus zum Riesen ("House of the Giant") built in Heidelberg. The architect was Johann Adam Breunig, who was also responsible for the Jesuit college and the Old University. With the express permission of the Elector, the house was partially built using stone from the "fat tower" of Heidelberg castle. The house owes its name to the over-life-size statue of von Venningen, which was made by Heinrich Charrasky and is located on the second story of the façade.

Eberhard Friedrich died on 2 June 1710 and was interred in the Protestant church in Neidenstein, the family's traditional resting place.

## Family

Eberhard Friedrich married Eva Elisabeth von Wolzogen at Missingdorf. The marriage resulted in his son Carl (1684-1718), named after his godmother Elisabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine. Carl von Venningen was the Electorate's master of the hunt and the senior amtmann of Oppenheim. His only child was his daughter, Helena Elisabetha, who married Friedrich von und zu Thann, causing part of the Venningen possessions to pass to the Thann family after 1718.

Eberhard Friedrich's brother, Johann Augustin (died 1713) was the ancestor of all modern Venningens. His grandson Carl Philipp von Venningen (1728-1797) inherited all the family property and was the chief minister of the Electorate.

## Grave monument

Eberhard Friedrich's grave monument in the Protestant church in Neidenstein, which includes a life-size statue of him, was probably made by Heinrich Charrasky, who also made the statue on the Haus zum Riesen. The monument is flanked by statues of the war god Mars and the hunting goddess Diana, reflecting von Venningen's interests in war and hunting. The dedication gives Venningen's title as:

*Ihro Röm. Kayserl. Maiest. gewesener Generalwachtmeister von der Cavalerie wie auch seiner Churfürstl. Durchl. zu Pfalz Camerer, Obristjägermeister, Generallieutenant von der Reuterey, Obrister über ein Regim. Carabiniers und Oberambtmann zu Oppenheim*

"His Roman Imperial Majesty's sergeant general of the cavalry, as well as his Prince-Elector of the Palatinate's Camerer, senior master of the hunt, lieutenant general of the Reuterey, commander of a regiment of carabiniers and senior amtmann of Oppenheim."

## Bibliography

* Meinhold Lurz: *Die Freiherren von Venningen.* edited by Heimatverein Kraichgau (Sonderveröffentlichung Nr. 17), Sinsheim 1997, ISBN 3-921214-13-0, pp. 777–782.
* Stadt Bad Rappenau (ed.): *Grunbach uff dem Creichgöw. Ein Heimatbuch. Beiträge zur Geschichte und Gegenwart von Grombach, dem westlichsten Stadtteil von Bad Rappenau.* Bad Rappenau 2010, pp. 118–120.


title: 1918 Rock Island Independents season

abstract: The 1918 Rock Island Independents season resulted in the team posting a 5–0 record and completing shutouts in all 5 games.

text:
# 1918 Rock Island Independents season

The **1918 Rock Island Independents season** resulted in the team posting a 5–0 record and completing shutouts in all 5 games.

## Schedule

| Game | Date | Opponent | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | September 29 | Rock Island Tigers | **W** 20–0 |
| 2 | October 13 | Peru A.C. | **W** 64–0 |
| 3 | November 10 | Camp Grant Seconds | **W** 79–0 |
| 4 | November 17 | St. Paul Aviators School | **W** 6–0 |
| 5 | November 24 | St. Paul Aviators School | **W** 13–0 |

## InfoBox

| 1918 Rock Island Independents season | |
| --- | --- |
| Head coach | Walter Flanigan |
| Home field | Douglas Park |
| Results | |
| Record | 5–0 |
|


title: Dychawica, Lublin Voivodeship

abstract: Dychawica is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wola Mysłowska, within Łuków County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

text:
# Dychawica, Lublin Voivodeship

**Dychawica** \[dɨxaˈvit͡sa\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wola Mysłowska, within Łuków County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

## InfoBox

| Dychawica | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Dychawica | |
| Coordinates: 51°51′50.97″N 21°59′26.73″E / 51.8641583°N 21.9907583°E / 51.8641583; 21.9907583 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Łuków |
| Gmina | Wola Mysłowska |


title: 1711 in Canada

abstract: Events from the year 1711 in Canada.

text:
# 1711 in Canada

Events from the year **1711 in Canada**.

## Incumbents

### Governors

## Events

* 1711-13 - Tuscarora War on North Carolina frontier fought between British settlers and Tuscarora Indians. Under the English Col. John Barnwell, then Col. James Moore, the Tuscarora Nation was repeatedly attacked, its chiefs tortured, its people sold (10 pounds sterling each) into slavery. The survivors fled northward and settled among the Haudenosee (Iroquois) 5 Nations.

## Births

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: |  |


title: Alonzo Short

abstract: Alonzo Earl Short Jr. is a retired United States Army lieutenant general who served as Director of the Defense Information Systems Agency. Born in North Carolina, Short grew up in Portsmouth, Virginia and attended I. C. Norcom High School. He graduated from Virginia State College with a B.S. degree in education in 1962. Short later earned a master's degree in business management from the New York Institute of Technology. Short was commissioned through the Army ROTC program. After several Army Signal Corps assignments, he served as executive officer of a signal battalion in Europe. Short was then sent to South Vietnam in 1967 and again in 1972. As a brigadier general, Short served as commander of U.S. Army Information Systems Management Activity (ISMA) at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey. In July 1986, he became deputy commander of the U.S. Army Information Systems Engineering Command (ISEC) and then assumed command in September 1987. Promoted to major general in September 1988, Short was made deputy commander of the U.S. Army Information Systems Command. Promoted to lieutenant general in June 1990, Short became the commanding officer of the Information Systems Command. After that, he served as director of the Defense Information Systems Agency from August 1991 to July 1994. Short has been conferred honorary doctorates by Charles H. Mason University in San Diego and by his alma mater Virginia State University.

text:
# Alonzo Short

**Alonzo Earl Short Jr.** (born January 27, 1939) is a retired United States Army lieutenant general who served as Director of the Defense Information Systems Agency.

Born in North Carolina, Short grew up in Portsmouth, Virginia and attended I. C. Norcom High School. He graduated from Virginia State College with a B.S. degree in education in 1962. Short later earned a master's degree in business management from the New York Institute of Technology.

Short was commissioned through the Army ROTC program. After several Army Signal Corps assignments, he served as executive officer of a signal battalion in Europe. Short was then sent to South Vietnam in 1967 and again in 1972.

As a brigadier general, Short served as commander of U.S. Army Information Systems Management Activity (ISMA) at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey. In July 1986, he became deputy commander of the U.S. Army Information Systems Engineering Command (ISEC) and then assumed command in September 1987. Promoted to major general in September 1988, Short was made deputy commander of the U.S. Army Information Systems Command.

Promoted to lieutenant general in June 1990, Short became the commanding officer of the Information Systems Command. After that, he served as director of the Defense Information Systems Agency from August 1991 to July 1994.

Short has been conferred honorary doctorates by Charles H. Mason University in San Diego and by his alma mater Virginia State University.

## InfoBox

| Alonzo Short | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1939-01-27) January 27, 1939
Greenville, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Service/branch | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1962–1994 |
| Rank | Lieutenant General |
| Commands | Defense Information Systems Agency
U.S. Army Information Systems Command
U.S. Army Information Systems Engineering Command
U.S. Army Information Systems Management Activity |
| Awards | Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Army Distinguished Service Medal
Legion of Merit
Bronze Star Medal (2)
Meritorious Service Medal (2) |


title: Alsactide

abstract: Alsactide (INN) (brand name Synchrodyn 1-17 or simply Synchrodyn, former development code name Hoechst 433), also known as alisactide, is a synthetic peptide and analogue of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) which is used in Italy as a diagnostic agent in kidney function for adrenal insufficiency. Like ACTH, alsactide is thought to act as a non-selective agonist of the melanocortin receptors, including the ACTH receptor (MC2R). However, it appears to show a different profile of receptor selectivity relative to ACTH, as it apparently demonstrated no evidence of inhibition of endogenous ACTH in Addison's disease patients.

text:
# Alsactide

**Alsactide** (INN) (brand name **Synchrodyn 1-17** or simply **Synchrodyn**, former development code name **Hoechst 433**), also known as **alisactide**, is a synthetic peptide and analogue of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) which is used in Italy as a diagnostic agent in kidney function for adrenal insufficiency. Like ACTH, alsactide is thought to act as a non-selective agonist of the melanocortin receptors, including the ACTH receptor (MC2R). However, it appears to show a different profile of receptor selectivity relative to ACTH, as it apparently demonstrated no evidence of inhibition of endogenous ACTH in Addison's disease patients.

## InfoBox

Alsactide
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical data | |
| ATC code |  |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| KEGG |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.047.442 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C99H155N29O21S |
| Molar mass | 2119.57 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * \[H\]/N=C(\N)/NCCC\[C@@H\](C(=O)N\[C@@H\](Cc1c\[nH\]c2c1cccc2)C(=O)NCC(=O)N\[C@@H\](CCCCN)C(=O)N3CCC\[C@H\]3C(=O)N\[C@@H\](C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N\[C@@H\](CCCCN)C(=O)N\[C@@H\](CCCCN)C(=O)N\[C@@H\](CCCCN)C(=O)NCCCCN)NC(=O)\[C@H\](Cc4ccccc4)NC(=O)\[C@H\](Cc5cnc\[nH\]5)NC(=O)\[C@H\](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)\[C@H\](CCSC)NC(=O)\[C@H\](CO)NC(=O)\[C@H\](Cc6ccc(cc6)O)NC(=O)CCN | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C99H155N29O21S/c1-59(2)84(97(148)113-56-81(132)115-68(26-10-14-40-101)87(138)119-69(27-11-15-41-102)88(139)118-67(25-9-13-39-100)85(136)109-45-18-17-43-104)127-96(147)79-30-20-47-128(79)98(149)73(28-12-16-42-103)116-82(133)55-112-86(137)76(51-62-53-111-66-24-8-7-23-65(62)66)124-89(140)70(29-19-46-110-99(106)107)120-93(144)75(49-60-21-5-4-6-22-60)123-94(145)77(52-63-54-108-58-114-63)125-90(141)71(35-36-83(134)135)121-91(142)72(38-48-150-3)122-95(146)78(57-129)126-92(143)74(117-80(131)37-44-105)50-61-31-33-64(130)34-32-61/h4-8,21-24,31-34,53-54,58-59,67-79,84,111,129-130H,9-20,25-30,35-52,55-57,100-105H2,1-3H3,(H,108,114)(H,109,136)(H,112,137)(H,113,148)(H,115,132)(H,116,133)(H,117,131)(H,118,139)(H,119,138)(H,120,144)(H,121,142)(H,122,146)(H,123,145)(H,124,140)(H,125,141)(H,126,143)(H,127,147)(H,134,135)(H4,106,107,110)/t67-,68-,69-,70-,71-,72-,73-,74-,75-,76-,77-,78-,79-,84-/m0/s1 * Key:DIDCGVRALANKIU-OTEFFYEFSA-N | |
| (verify) | |


title: Earwig (Blake Babies album)

abstract: Earwig is the second album by the Blake Babies, released in 1989.

text:
# Earwig (Blake Babies album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Encyclopedia of Popular Music* |  |
| *MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide* |  |
| *The Rolling Stone Album Guide* |  |
| *Spin Alternative Record Guide* | 7/10 |

***Earwig*** is the second album by the Blake Babies, released in 1989 (see 1989 in music).

## Critical reception

*Trouser Press* called the album "consistently attractive textured guitar pop." *The Rolling Stone Album Guide* called it "a strong debut."

## Track listing

All songs written and composed by Juliana Hatfield except as noted.

1. "Cesspool" – 3:16 (Hatfield, John Strohm)
2. "Dead and Gone" – 3:47 (Hatfield, Strohm)
3. "Grateful" – 3:07
4. "You Don't Give Up" – 3:40
5. "Your Way Or The Highway" – 2:42
6. "Rain" – 3:34 (Strohm)
7. "Lament" – 3:27 (Hatfield, Strohm)
8. "Alright" – 2:31
9. "Loose" – 2:49 (The Stooges)
10. "Take Your Head Off My Shoulder" – 1:26 (Hatfield, Strohm)
11. "From Here To Burma" – 2:03 (Hatfield, Strohm)
12. "Don't Suck My Breath" – 2:49
13. "Outta My Head" – 2:02
14. "Steamie Gregg" – 1:31
15. "Not Just A Wish" - 1:44

## Personnel

## Production

## InfoBox

| Earwig | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Blake Babies | |
| Released | 1989 |
| Recorded | March 1988 – July 1989 |
| Genre | Alternative rock |
| Length | 39:39 |
| Label | Mammoth Records |
| Producer | Gary Smith |
| Blake Babies chronology | |
| *Nicely, Nicely*
(1987) ***Earwig***
(1989) *Sunburn*
(1990) | |


title: Earwig (Pegboy album)

abstract: Earwig is the second studio album by the punk rock band Pegboy. It was released in 1994 through Quarterstick Records.

text:
# Earwig (Pegboy album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Earwig*** is the second studio album by the punk rock band Pegboy. It was released in 1994 through Quarterstick Records.

## Critical reception

*The Daily Times* wrote that "Pegboy's combination of classic punk structure with John Haggerty's furious guitar work makes it a band to be reckoned with and marks *Earwig* as one of the fall's best releases." The *Chicago Tribune* wrote that the band "pours in some of the feel of Seam in lead singer Larry Damore's wistful lyrics, hardened behind a big three-chord grind from ex-Naked Raygun guitarist John Haggerty." *Trouser Press* called the album "respectable if hardly revelatory," writing that "the pleasure comes in hearing the Haggerty brothers interact; John sounds like he’s trying to drill holes in the wall of the percussion Joe throws up on 'Gordo.'" *The Washington Post* wrote that "some of the tracks tend to blur, but ones like 'You' and 'Blister' achieve a potent merger of pop and wallop."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Pegboy, except "Revolver" by Clint Conley

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Line Up" | 2:34 |
| 2. | "Sinner Inside" | 2:26 |
| 3. | "Gordo" | 2:50 |
| 4. | "Side Show" | 3:13 |
| 5. | "Spaghetti Western" | 2:34 |
| 6. | "Revolver" | 4:09 |
| 7. | "You" | 2:56 |
| 8. | "Blister" | 2:30 |
| 9. | "Wages of Sin" | 2:48 |
| 10. | "Mr. Pink" | 2:05 |
| 11. | "Over the Hills" | 2:43 |
| 12. | "Louisiana" | 3:17 |

## Personnel

Pegboy Production and additional personnel

## InfoBox

| Earwig | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Pegboy | |
| Released | October 24, 1994 |
| Recorded | April 1994 at Blackbox Studios, Noyant-la-Gravoyère, France |
| Genre | Punk rock |
| Length | 31:07 |
| Label | Quarterstick |
| Producer | Iain Burgess |
| Pegboy chronology | |
| *Fore*
(1993) ***Earwig***
(1994) *Cha Cha Damore*
(1997) | |


title: East Africa Christian Alliance

abstract: The East Africa Christian Alliance (EACA) is a fundamentalist organization and regional arm of the International Council of Christian Churches, set up in opposition to the All Africa Conference of Churches. The current chairman is Bishop Richard Kivai.

text:
# East Africa Christian Alliance

The **East Africa Christian Alliance** (**EACA**) is a fundamentalist organization and regional arm of the International Council of Christian Churches, set up in opposition to the All Africa Conference of Churches. The current chairman is Bishop Richard Kivai.

## History

EACA was founded in January 1965 by Dr Carl McIntire. It has a graduate theological school, Faith College of the Bible.

## World Congresses

* 2015
* 2013

## Denominations

There are 10 denominations under EACA. They are:

1. Independent Presbyterian Church, Mwingi, Kenya
2. Holy Trinity Church in Africa, Kisumu, Kenya
3. Africa Gospel Unity Church, Bomet, Kenya
4. Kenya Church of God in Africa, Kirinyaga, Kenya
5. Church of Jesus Christ in Kenya, Kerugoya, Kenya
6. East Africa Divinity Church, Embu, Kenya
7. Gospel Tabernacle Church, Mombassa, Kenya
8. Good News Church of Africa, Eldoret, Kenya
9. Church of the Holy Spirit Buhaya, Mission Butainamwa, Kianja, Bukoba, Tanzania
10. Kanisa La Neema, Sumbawanga, Tanzania

## InfoBox

East Africa Christian Alliance
| Abbreviation | EACA |
| --- | --- |
| Formation | January 1965 |
| Founder | Carl McIntire |
| Chairman | Richard M Kivai |
| Parent organization | International Council of Christian Churches |


title: East Africa Command

abstract: East Africa Command was a Command of the British Army. Until 1947 it was under the direct control of the Army Council and thereafter it became the responsibility of Middle East Command. It was disbanded on 11 December 1963, the day before Kenya became independent, and replaced by British Land Forces Kenya, tasked with withdrawing all remaining British troops. All remaining troops left by December 1964 and British Land Forces Kenya was disestablished.

text:
# East Africa Command

**East Africa Command** was a Command of the British Army. Until 1947 it was under the direct control of the Army Council and thereafter it became the responsibility of Middle East Command. It was disbanded on 11 December 1963, the day before Kenya became independent, and replaced by British Land Forces Kenya, tasked with withdrawing all remaining British troops. All remaining troops left by December 1964 and British Land Forces Kenya was disestablished.

## 1930s

In the late 1930s the British King's African Rifles (KAR) in East Africa were expanded. Beyond the existing infantry units, a large number of ancillary units and subunits were established in 1939.

## Second World War

Playfair et al write that on the outbreak of war with Italy \[10 June 1940\], Major-General Douglas Dickinson, Inspector-General of the African Colonial Forces, was appointed General Officer Commanding East Africa Force. It comprised "..two East African brigades \[former Northern and Southern Brigades, mostly made up of the KAR\], an East African reconnaissance regiment and a light battery, and the 22nd Mountain Battery R.A. from India. The task given to him by General Wavell \[Commander-in-Chief, Middle East\] was to defend Kenya and without compromising that defence to contain as many Italians as possible on his front." Skirmishes with the Italians began on the northern border of Kenya Colony at Moyale by June 1940; the East African Campaign (World War II) was underway.

Dickinson's force drew troops from Kenya, Tanganyika, Nyasaland (British Central Africa), Northern Rhodesia, and Southern Rhodesia, and reinforcements began to arrive from South Africa and the Royal West African Frontier Force in West Africa. With some of the West African reinforcements, two weak divisions were created on 19 July. The 1st (African) Division, with the Nigerian and 1st East African Brigade Groups \[Kenya/Uganda KAR\], took over the coastal and Tana sector of the defences. The 2nd (African) Division made up of the Gold Coast and 2nd East African \[Tanganyika KAR\] Brigade Groups, became responsible for the northern border of Kenya Colony facing Ethiopia.

East African Force was upgraded in status to a Command in September 1941 under General Sir William Platt, covering North East Africa, East Africa and British Central Africa. Until 1944 it directed the British Military Mission to Ethiopia. A team from 68 Supply Depot, East Africa Army Service Corps, Mombasa, won the Middle East Land Forces East Africa Command and Mombasa Area Challenge Shields Messing and Cookery Competition in 1949.

## Post war

Between 1947 and 1950 Mackinnon Road was the site of a large British engineering and Ordnance Depot designed to hold 200,000 tons of military stores. The British had anticipated the loss of military bases in Egypt due to a rise in nationalism there and needed to stockpile the stores that had been located in the Suez Canal Zone. The plan was abandoned and the base became a detention camp for Mau Mau suspects until 1955.

Soon after the arrival of the Lancashire Fusiliers (and Sir Evelyn Baring at the same time), the command was reorganized, losing responsibility for some units. The newly created Central African Federation was assuming responsibility for KAR units in Northern Rhodesian and Nyasaland.

The command established its own intelligence network during the Mau Mau Uprising in 1952. During the repression of the Mau Mau the command controlled the 39th Infantry Brigade, 49th Infantry Brigade and the 70th (East African) Infantry Brigade. In February 1953, 39 Brigade was warned to be ready to go to Kenya. At a strength of two battalions, 1st Buffs being joined by 1st Battalion, The Devonshire Regiment, it arrived in April 1953 and was soon deployed in the Rift Valley, commanded by Brigadier J.W. Tweedie. After over a year of operations, the Buffs and Devons were withdrawn and relieved in December 1954 and January 1955, respectively. Reliefs were 1st Battalion King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry and 1st Battalion The Rifle Brigade. 39th Infantry Brigade left Kenya in 1956 for Northern Ireland. On arrival in Kenya 49 Brigade took under command the White-raised territorial Kenya Regiment.

Units in Kenya from 1952-56 included the Battle School, Tracker School, Kenya Regiment Training Centre and Heavy Battery. Police organisations listed included the Kenya Police, Kenya Police Reserve, Kenya Police Reserve Air Wing, Auxiliary Forces, Dobie Force (disbanded) and General Service Units. KAR battalions listed included 3 KAR (Kenya), 4 KAR (Uganda), 5 KAR (Kenya), 6 and 26 KAR (Tanganiyka, though later 26 KAR was only two companies strong), and 7 & 23 KARs (Kenya). Significant brutality and torture were used by the security forces.

There were a total of eleven British infantry battalions (including the 1st Battalion, the Lancashire Fusiliers and 1 RHR), 39 Corps Engineer Regiment RE, 73 Indian Field Engineer Squadron RE, Road building Section RE, Royal Army Veterinary Corps Tracker Dogs, RAMC Unit Hospital Nairobi, Nyeri, Nanyuki, together with No. 1340 Flight RAF (North American Harvards).

The 24th Infantry Brigade maintained a common intelligence system across East Africa until October 1964 when it was withdrawn and moved to Aden.

### British Land Forces Kenya

East Africa Command was disbanded, seemingly on 11 December 1963, the day before Kenyan independence, and replaced by British Land Forces Kenya the next day. Keesing's Contemporary Archives wrote that continued unrest in the north-east region of Kenya in late 1963 prompted President Kenyatta to

> ..call an urgent Cabinet meeting, also attended by Major-General Ian Freeland (G.O.C., British Land Forces, Kenya) and Mr. Richard Catling (Inspector-General of Police), at Gatundu on Dec. 25, 1963. After the meeting the Government proclaimed a state of emergency throughout the Region and set up a five-mile-deep prohibited zone along the Kenya-Somalia border, excluding the settlements of Mandera and El Wak.

The 70th (East African) Brigade became the basis for the independent Kenya Army. Three King's African Rifles battalions, three attached training companies, a brigade headquarters, 1 Signal Squadron, 91 General Transport Company, workshops, and a variety of other Combat service support units were handed over to the new Kenya Army during the process of independence for Kenya in December 1963 and January 1964.

24th Infantry Brigade was involved in the British response to indigenous army mutinies which sprang up in Zanzibar, Tanzania, in the Uganda Army and Kenya itself from January 1964. The Zanzibar Revolution broke out on 12 January 1964. A week later, two battalions of the Tanganyika Rifles mutinied on 19-20 January 1964. When the Tanganyikan soldiers rose, 2nd Battalion Scots Guards, part of 24th Infantry Brigade, was in Aden for training. Back in Kenya three units of 24th Infantry Brigade were on varying degrees of alert: 1st Battalion, the Staffordshire Regiment at Kahawa with a company afloat aboard the frigate HMS *Rhyl* standing by near Zanzibar; 3rd Regiment Royal Horse Artillery at Alanbrooke Barracks at Gilgil and 1st Battalion Gordon Highlanders, though the Gordons' advance party had already returned to Edinburgh. 2nd Scots Guards was quickly returned to Kahawa. After the Uganda Army mutiny on 23 January 1964, 1st Battalion, Staffordshire Regiment, with an attached company of the Scots Guards, was quickly dispatched to Jinja.

Timothy Parsons wrote,

> ...military authorities in Kenya took \[the 1964 mutinies in Tanganyika and Uganda\] very seriously and quickly developed plans to deal with a similar incident. .. As a result, \[Major General Ian Freeland\] had considerably more resources at his disposal to prevent and contain potential problems in the Kenyan soldiery. Once Lieutenant Colonel Mans gave \[HQ East Africa Command\] a careful account of how trouble had broken out in the Tanganyika Rifles, Freeland ordered the Kenyan Special Branch to step up its surveillance of key army units.

This did not prevent trouble breaking out on 24 January 1964 within 11 Kenya Rifles at Lanet Barracks near Nakuru. The uprising was quickly repressed and courts-martial ordered; 11 Kenya Rifles was eventually disbanded.

The Gordon Highlanders appears to have finished their return home to Edinburgh in January 1964. 3 Regiment Royal Horse Artillery left Gilgil in September 1964. Headquarters 24th Infantry Brigade left for Aden in October 1964. The last British unit to depart Kenya was 1st Battalion, Staffordshire Regiment, on 10 December 1964. British Land Forces Kenya ceased to exist on 12 December 1964, and all British Army forces, apart from "a small administrative rear element" left the country. Anti-"Shifta" (anti-pro-independence Northern Frontier District Somali partisans) operations continued, but now under Kenya Army control. In Major General William Dimoline's papers at King's College London there is a typescript report from Brigadier M J D'A. Blackman on the closing down of British Land Forces Kenya, circa May 1965.

## Commanders-in-Chief

Commanders-in-Chief included:
**GOC East Africa Force**

**GOC East Africa Command**

**GOC British Land Forces Kenya**

* 12 December 1963 - 28 November 1964 Major General Ian Freeland.

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

| East Africa Command | |
| --- | --- |
| Formation Sign | |
| Active | 1940–1963 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | British Army |
| Type | Command |
| Part of | Middle East Land Forces (1947–1963) |
| Garrison/HQ | Nairobi |


title: Eager Street Academy

abstract: Eager Street Academy is a public, alternative middle-high school serving youth who are incarcerated, located in the Penn-Fallsway neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland, United States. The school was launched in 1998 as a collaboration between Baltimore City Public Schools (BCPSS), Maryland State Department of Education and the state's Division of Pretrial Detention and Services, and is a part of the larger city school system. Initially without an official name beyond its numeric designation, the school was given the name "Eager Street Academy" in 2002. Based inside the Baltimore City Detention Center, an adult detention facility, Eager Street serves students under 18 who have been charged as adults. BCPSS officials have claimed the school is the only public school in the United States located inside of a jail. Classes at the school were initially held in six portable trailers on the grounds of the BCDC, but its classrooms are now located within a purpose-built juvenile detention facility built in 2017.

text:
# Eager Street Academy

**Eager Street Academy** (previously **Baltimore City Detention Center, School No. 370**) is a public, alternative middle-high school serving youth who are incarcerated, located in the Penn-Fallsway neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland, United States. The school was launched in 1998 as a collaboration between Baltimore City Public Schools (BCPSS), Maryland State Department of Education and the state's Division of Pretrial Detention and Services, and is a part of the larger city school system. Initially without an official name beyond its numeric designation, the school was given the name "Eager Street Academy" in 2002.

Based inside the Baltimore City Detention Center, an adult detention facility, Eager Street serves students under 18 who have been charged as adults. BCPSS officials have claimed the school is the only public school in the United States located inside of a jail. Classes at the school were initially held in six portable trailers on the grounds of the BCDC, but its classrooms are now located within a purpose-built juvenile detention facility built in 2017.

## InfoBox

| Eager Street Academy | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 926 Greenmount Avenue
Baltimore, Maryland 21202
United States | |
| Coordinates | 39°18′3.17″N 76°36′26.72″W / 39.3008806°N 76.6074222°W / 39.3008806; -76.6074222 |
| Information | |
| School type | Public, Alternative |
| Founded | 1998 |
| School district | Baltimore City Public Schools |
| School number | 884 |
| Principal | Laura D'Anna |
| Grades | 12 |
| Enrollment | Variable |
| Area | Urban |
| Website | BCPSS |


title: 15th Division (German Empire)

abstract: The 15th Division was a unit of the Prussian/German Army. It was formed as the 16th Division on September 5, 1818, in Cologne from the 4th Brigade of the Army Corps in France. It became the 15th Division on December 14, 1818. The division was subordinated in peacetime to the VIII Army Corps. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. It was recruited in the densely populated Prussian Rhine Province, mainly in the Lower Rhine region.

text:
# 15th Division (German Empire)

The **15th Division** (*15. Division*) was a unit of the Prussian/German Army. It was formed as the 16th Division on September 5, 1818, in Cologne from the 4th Brigade of the Army Corps in France. It became the 15th Division on December 14, 1818. The division was subordinated in peacetime to the VIII Army Corps (*VIII. Armeekorps*). The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. It was recruited in the densely populated Prussian Rhine Province, mainly in the Lower Rhine region.

## Combat chronicle

The 15th Division fought in the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, seeing action in the Battle of Königgrätz. In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, the division fought in the Battle of Gravelotte (also called the Battle of Gravelotte-St. Privat) and the Siege of Metz, and then in the battles of Amiens, Hallue, Bapaume, and St. Quentin.

During World War I, the division marched through Luxembourg, Belgium and France, in what became known to the Allies as the Great Retreat, culminating in the First Battle of the Marne. In 1916, it fought in the Battle of the Somme. It was briefly sent to the Eastern Front in late 1916. It participated in the 1918 German spring offensive, and defended against the Allied counteroffensives, including the battles of Oise-Aisne and Meuse-Argonne. Allied intelligence rated it as a good but second class division.

## Order of battle in the Franco-Prussian War

During wartime, the 15th Division, like other regular German divisions, was redesignated an infantry division. The organization of the 15th Infantry Division in 1870 at the beginning of the Franco-Prussian War was as follows:

* 29. Infanterie-Brigade
    + Füsilier-Regiment Nr. 33
    + Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 65
* 30. Infanterie-Brigade
    + Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 28
    + Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 67
* Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 8
* Königs-Husaren-Regiment Nr. 7

## Pre-World War I organization

German divisions underwent various organizational changes after the Franco-Prussian War. The 15th Division's 30th Infantry Brigade went to the 16th Division in exchange for the 80th Infantry Brigade, formed in 1897. The organization of the 15th Division in 1914, shortly before the outbreak of World War I, was as follows:

* 29. Infanterie Brigade
    + Infanterie-Regiment von Lützow (1. Rheinisches) Nr. 25
    + 10. Rheinisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 161
* 80. Infanterie Brigade
    + 5. Rheinisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 65
    + 9. Rheinisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 160
* 15. Kavallerie-Brigade
    + Kürassier-Regiment Graf Geßler (Rheinisches) Nr. 8
    + Husaren-Regiment König Wilhelm I. (1. Rheinisches) Nr. 7
* 15. Feldartillerie-Brigade
    + Bergisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 59
    + 3. Rheinisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 83
* Landwehr-Inspektion Cöln

## Order of battle on mobilization

On mobilization in August 1914 at the beginning of World War I, most divisional cavalry, including brigade headquarters, was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split up among divisions as reconnaissance units. Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from their higher headquarters. The 15th Division was again renamed the 15th Infantry Division. Its initial wartime organization was as follows:

* 29. Infanterie-Brigade:
    + Infanterie-Regiment von Lützow (1. Rheinisches) Nr. 25
    + 10. Rheinisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 161
* 80.Infanterie-Brigade:
    + 5. Rheinisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 65
    + 9. Rheinisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 160
* Kürassier-Regiment Graf Geßler (Rheinisches) Nr. 8
* 15. Feldartillerie-Brigade:
    + Bergisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 59
    + 3. Rheinisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 83
* 1./1. Rheinisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 8

## Late World War I organization

Divisions underwent many changes during the war, with regiments moving from division to division, and some being destroyed and rebuilt. During the war, most divisions became triangular \- one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments (a "square division"). An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters, the cavalry was further reduced, the engineer contingent was increased, and a divisional signals command was created. The 15th Infantry Division's order of battle on April 7, 1918, was as follows:

* 80. Infanterie-Brigade:
    + 7. Rheinisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 69
    + 9. Rheinisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 160
    + Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 389
* 2.Eskadron/Husaren-Regiment König Wilhelm I (1. Rheinisches) Nr. 7
* Artillerie-Kommandeur 15:
    + Bergisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 59
    + Fußartillerie-Bataillon Nr. 135 (from 22.04.1918)
* Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 125
    + 1./1. Rheinisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 8
    + 5./1. Rheinisches Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 8
    + Minenwerfer-Kompanie Nr. 15
* Divisions-Nachrichten-Kommandeur 15

* 15. Infanterie-Division - Der erste Weltkrieg
* Claus von Bredow, bearb., *Historische Rang- und Stammliste des deutschen Heeres* (1905)
* Hermann Cron et al., *Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee* (Berlin, 1935)
* Hermann Cron, *Geschichte des deutschen Heeres im Weltkriege 1914-1918* (Berlin, 1937)
* Günter Wegner, *Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815-1939.* (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), Bd. 1
* *Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919* (1920)

## InfoBox

| 15th Division (*15. Division*); in 1870-71 and from August 2, 1914, 15th Infantry Division (*15. Infanterie-Division*) | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 1818–1919 |
| Country | Prussia/Germany |
| Branch | Army |
| Type | Infantry (in peacetime included cavalry) |
| Size | Approx. 15,000 |
| Part of | VIII. Army Corps (*VIII. Armeekorps*) |
| Garrison/HQ | Cologne |
| Engagements | Austro-Prussian War: Königgrätz
Franco-Prussian War: Gravelotte, Metz, Amiens, Hallue, Bapaume, St. Quentin

World War I: Great Retreat, 1st Marne, Somme, German spring offensive, Oise-Aisne, Meuse-Argonne |
| Commanders | |
| Notable
commanders | Ernst von Pfuel
Max von Gallwitz
Gerhard Tappen |


title: 15th Daytime Emmy Awards

abstract: The 15th Daytime Emmy Awards were held on Wednesday, June 29, 1988, to commemorate excellence in daytime programming between March 6, 1987 and March 5, 1988. The ceremony was held at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City, and aired on CBS from 3–5 pm, before Guiding Light. Winners in each category are in bold.

text:
# 15th Daytime Emmy Awards

The **15th Daytime Emmy Awards** were held on Wednesday, June 29, 1988, to commemorate excellence in daytime programming between March 6, 1987 and March 5, 1988. The ceremony was held at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City, and aired on CBS from 3–5 pm, before *Guiding Light*.

Winners in each category are in **bold**.

## Outstanding Daytime Drama Series

## Outstanding Actor in a Daytime Drama Series

## Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series

## Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Daytime Drama Series

## Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Daytime Drama Series

## Outstanding Young Man in a Daytime Drama Series

## Outstanding Ingenue in a Daytime Drama Series

## Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Writing

## Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Directing

## Outstanding Game Show

## Outstanding Game Show Host/Hostess

## Outstanding Animated Program

* "Daytime Emmy Awards". Internet Movie Database. 1988.

## InfoBox

| 15th Daytime Emmy Awards | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | June 29, 1988 |
| Location | Waldorf-Astoria Hotel |
| Presented by | National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences |
| Hosted by | Phil Donahue |
| Highlights | |
| Outstanding Drama Series | *Santa Barbara* |
| Outstanding Game Show | *The Price Is Right* |
| Television/radio coverage | |
| Network | CBS |
|


title: 15th Destroyer Flotilla

abstract: The15th Destroyer Flotilla, or Fifteenth Destroyer Flotilla, was a naval formation of the British Royal Navy from August 1916 to March 1919 and again from September 1939 to May 1945.

text:
# 15th Destroyer Flotilla

The**15th Destroyer Flotilla**, or **Fifteenth Destroyer Flotilla**, was a naval formation of the British Royal Navy from August 1916 to March 1919 and again from September 1939 to May 1945.

## First World War

The flotilla was first established in August 1916 and was attached to the Grand Fleet till March 1918. It was then transferred to the Battle Cruiser Force until it was disbanded in March 1919.

## Second World War

At the outset of the war the flotilla was reformed under the Commander-in-Chief, Rosyth from September to October 1939. It was then transferred to the Western Approaches Command at Plymouth until January 1941. Reassigned once again to Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth where it remained until May 1945 before it was dispersed.

## Table of assignments

| Assigned to | Dates | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Grand Fleet | April 1916 to March 1918 |  |
| Battle Cruiser Force | March 1918 to March 1919 | disbanded |
| Rosyth Command | September to October 1939 | reformed |
| Western Approaches Command | October 1939 to January 1941 | at Plymouth |
| Plymouth Command | January 1941 to May 1945 | disbanded |
|

## Captains (D) 15th Destroyer Flotilla

Incomplete list of post holders included:

|  | Rank | Name | Term | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Captain (D) afloat 15th Destroyer Flotilla** | | | | | |
| 1 | Captain | Arthur B. S. Dutton | 28 August 1916 – November, 1917 | later V.Adm. |
| 2 | Captain | Rafe G. Rowley-Conwy | November, 1917 – 1 March 1919 | later R.Adm. |
| 3 | Captain | Ralph Kerr | 31 July 1939 – 18 January 1941 |  |
|

## Sources

* Anderson, Roger Charles; Carr Laughton, Leonard George; Perrin, William Gordon (2000). "15th Destroyer Flotilla which was part of Western Approaches Command". The Mariner's Mirror. Society for Nautical Research. 86: 321.
* Evans, A.S. (2010). Destroyer down : an account of HM destroyer losses, 1939–1945 (1. publ. ed.). Barnsley: Pen & Sword Maritime. ISBN 9781848842700.
* Harley, Simon; Lovell, Tony. (2018) "Fifteenth (Royal Navy) – The Dreadnought Project". www.dreadnoughtproject.org. Harley and Lovell, 29 May 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
* Hawkins, Ian (2003). Destroyer: An Anthology of First-hand Accounts of the War at Sea, 1939–1945. London, England: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 9780851779478.
* Watson, Dr Graham. (2015) "Royal Navy Organisation and Ship Deployment, World War One 1914–1918". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith.
* Watson, Dr Graham. (2015) "Royal Navy Organisation in World War 2, 1939–1945". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith.

## InfoBox

| 15th Destroyer Flotilla | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | (1916–1919), (1939–1945) |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Royal Navy |
| Size | Flotilla |
| Commanders | |
| First | Captain Arthur B. S. Dutton |


title: Alonzo Swales

abstract: Alonso Beaumont Swales was a British trade unionist. Born in Middlesbrough, England Swales began work in an engineering office before training as a blacksmith. He joined the Amalgamated Society of Engineers in 1890, and became an organiser for the union in 1912. He progressed to serve on the union's Executive Committee from 1917, and on the General Council of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) from 1919. He was President of the TUC in 1925, and, during his term of office, he chaired the first meeting of a national organisation of trades councils. A long-term member of the Independent Labour Party, having joined in 1895, Swales was regarded as the most left-wing member of the TUC General Council during the British General Strike. During the strike, he chaired the TUC's Special Industrial Committee, which co-ordinated contact with the Miners' Federation of Great Britain and joint action. He stood to become president of the Engineers in 1930, winning the first round of the ballot, but lost to W. H. Hutchinson in the second round. Swales retired from his union posts in 1935, but took a new post as Trustee for the National Union of Seamen.

text:
# Alonzo Swales

**Alonso Beaumont Swales** (1870  27 September 1952) was a British trade unionist.

Born in Middlesbrough, England Swales began work in an engineering office before training as a blacksmith. He joined the Amalgamated Society of Engineers in 1890, and became an organiser for the union in 1912. He progressed to serve on the union's Executive Committee from 1917, and on the General Council of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) from 1919. He was President of the TUC in 1925, and, during his term of office, he chaired the first meeting of a national organisation of trades councils.

A long-term member of the Independent Labour Party, having joined in 1895, Swales was regarded as the most left-wing member of the TUC General Council during the British General Strike. During the strike, he chaired the TUC's Special Industrial Committee, which co-ordinated contact with the Miners' Federation of Great Britain and joint action. He stood to become president of the Engineers in 1930, winning the first round of the ballot, but lost to W. H. Hutchinson in the second round.

Swales retired from his union posts in 1935, but took a new post as Trustee for the National Union of Seamen.

1. *The Labour Who's Who: 1927*, p.212
2. *Report of proceedings at the 85th Annual Trades Union Congress*, p.289
3. Hugh Armstrong Clegg, *A History of British Trade Unions Since 1889: 1911-1933*, p.579
4. Alan Clinton, *The Trade Union Rank and File: Trades Councils in Britain, 1900-40*, p.111
5. Patrick Renshaw, *Nine Days in May: The General Strike*, p.5
6. Keith Burgess, *The Challenge of Labour: Shaping British Society, 1850-1930*, p.218
7. *Engineering* Vol. 129, p.197
8. Hugh Armstrong Clegg, *A History of British Trade Unions Since 1889: 1911-1933*, p.537