title: 1989 European Parliament election

abstract: The 1989 European Parliament election was a held on June Wednesday 15 to Sunday 18 across the 12 European Union member state in June 1989. It was the third European Parliament election but the first time that Spain and Portugal voted at the same time as the other members they joined in 1986. Overall turnout dropped to 59%.

text:
# 1989 European Parliament election

The **1989 European Parliament election** was a held on June Wednesday 15 to Sunday 18 across the 12 European Union member state in June 1989. It was the third European Parliament election but the first time that Spain and Portugal voted at the same time as the other members they joined in 1986. Overall turnout dropped to 59%.

## Electoral system

There was no single voting system for all member states but each of them adopted its own method, established by national law.

The United Kingdom used a one-round (first-past-the-post) system of 78 constituencies in England, Wales and Scotland, while in Northern Ireland 3 proportional seats were allocated. Belgium, Ireland and Italy used a proportional system with subdivision of the territory into constituencies. Denmark, France, West Germany, Greece, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain used a single national proportional system, although in the case of West Germany the three seats for the West Berlin area were not directly elected but were chosen by the Berlin House of Representatives, given the particular status of the city.

## Seat changes

These were the first elections Portugal and Spain took part in with the other states. Spain was allocated 60 seats and Portugal was allocated 24; the number of seats for the other states remained the same, raising the total number of seats from 434 to 518.

| National distribution of seats | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| State | Seats |  | State | Seats |
| West Germany | 81 | | Belgium | 24 |
| United Kingdom | 81 | | Portugal | 24 |
| France | 81 | | Greece | 24 |
| Italy | 81 | | Denmark | 16 |
| Spain | 60 | | Ireland | 15 |
| Netherlands | 25 | | Luxembourg | 6 |

## Results

| European Parliament election, 1989 - Final results at 25 July 1989 | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Group | | Description | Chaired by | MEPs | | |
|  | SOC | Social Democrats | Jean-Pierre Cot | 180 |  | |
|  | EPP | Christian Democrats | | Egon Klepsch | 121 |
|  | LDR | Liberals and Liberal Democrats | | Valéry Giscard d'Estaing | 49 |
|  | EUL | Communists and the Far Left | | Luigi Alberto Colajanni | 42 |
| | LU | | | René-Emile Piquet |
|  | ED | Conservatives | | Christopher Prout | 34 |
|  |  | Greens | | Maria Amélia Santos | 30 |
|  | EDA | National Conservatives | | Christian de La Malène | 20 |
|  | DR | Far-Right Nationalists | | Jean-Marie Le Pen | 17 |
|  | RBW | Regionalists | | Jaak Vandemeulebroucke | 13 |
|  | NI | Independents | *none* | 12 | Total: 518 | Sources: |

The Socialists held their third consecutive victory, rising to 180 seats (166 pre-election), with the People's Party managing to win only 8 extra seats. However, the European Democrats had a massive loss of 32 of the 66 seats, knocking them from third to sixth largest party. The liberals, who had already risen one place with the byelections in Spain and Portugal earlier, gained an extra seat, holding their new-found third place with both the Rainbow and Communist groups splitting post-election.

| Seats summary   SOC  34.75%  EPP  23.36%  LDR  9.46%  EULLU  8.11%  ED  6.56%  5.79%  EDA  3.86%  DR  3.28%  RBW  2.51%  NI  2.32% |
| --- |

### Results by country

| Group  ---  Nation | SOC | EPP | LDR | ED | EDA |  | EUL | DR | LU | RBW | NI | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Belgium | **5** PS
**3** SP | **5** CVP
**2** PSC | **2** PVV
**2** PRL |  |  | **2** Ecolo
**1** Agalev |  | **1** VB |  | **1** VU |  | 24 |
| Denmark | **4** | **2** | **3** | **2** |  |  | **1** SF |  |  | **4** |  | 16 |
| France | **22** PS | **4** CDS
**1** CNI
**1** Ind. | **12** UDF
**1** UDF diss. |  | **12** RPR
**1** CNI | **8** Verts |  | **10** FN | **7** PCF | **1** UPC | **1** Ind. | 81 |
| Greece | **9** PASOK | **10** ND |  |  | **1** DIANA |  | **4** Synaspismos |  |  |  |  | 24 |
| Ireland | **1** LAB | **4** FG | **1** PDs
**1** Ind. |  | **6** FF |  |  |  | **1** WPI | **1** Ind. |  | 15 |
| Italy | **12** PSI
**2** PSDI | **26** DC
**1** SVP | **3** PRI |  |  | **3** LV
**2** VA
**1** DP
**1** LA | **22** PCI |  |  | **2** LL
**1** PSd'Az | **4** MSI
**1** Ind. | 81 |
| Luxembourg | **2** LSAP | **3** CSV | **1** DP |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |
| Netherlands | **8** PvdA | **10** CDA | **3** VVD | **1** D66 |  |  |  |  |  | **2** Regenboog | **1** SGP | 25 |
| Portugal | **8** PS | **3** CDS–PP | **9** PSD |  |  | **1** CDU (PEV) |  |  | **3** CDU (PCP) |  |  | 24 |
| Spain | **27** PSOE | **15** PP
**1** CiU (UDC) | **5** CDS
**1** CiU (CDC) |  |  | **1** IP | **4** IU |  |  | **1** PA
**1** PEP | **2** Ruiz-Mateos
**1** CN
**1** HB | 60 |
| United Kingdom | **45** LAB
**1** SDLP | **1** UUP |  | **32** CON |  |  |  |  |  | **1** SNP | **1** DUP | 81 |
| West Germany | **31** SPD | **25** CDU
**7** CSU | **4** FDP |  |  | **7** Grünen |  | **6** REP |  |  |  | 81 |
| Total | **180** | **121** | **49** | **34** | **20** | **28** | **31** | **17** | **14** | **13** | **12** | **518** |

### Statistics

| European Parliament election, 1989 - Statistics | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Area | Dates | Seats | Electorate | Turnout | Previous | Next | Election methods | Sources |
| European Community
(EC-12) | 15-18 June
1989 | 518 | 244,951,379 | 58.5% | 1984 | 1994 | All PR, except UK (not NI)
which used FPTP | Archived 25 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine  Archived 4 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine |

| European Parliament election, 1989 - Timeline | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Second Parliament | | | 1989 Election and Regrouping | | Third Parliament | | |
| Groups | | Pre-elections
Last session | Change | Results
July 25 | New
Groups | | First session
July 25 |
|  | SOC | 166 | +14 | 180 |  | SOC | 180 |
|  | EPP | 112 | +9 | 121 |  | EPP | 121 |
|  | LDR | 46 | +3 | 49 |  | LDR | 49 |
|  | RBW | 20 | +23 | 13 |  | RBW | 13 |
| | | 30 |  | G | 30 |
|  | COM | 48 | -6 | 28 |  | EUL | 28 |
| | | 14 |  | LU | 14 |
|  | ED | 66 | -32 | 34 |  | ED | 34 |
|  | EDA | 30 | -10 | 20 |  | EDA | 20 |
|  | ER | 16 | +1 | 17 |  | DR | 17 |
|  | NI | 14 | -2 | 12 |  | NI | 12 |
| Total | | 518 | 0 | 518 | Total | | 518 |
| Sources    Archived 11 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine | | | | | | | | | |

| European Parliament election, 1989 - Delegation at 25 July 1989 | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Group | | Description | Details | % | MEPs |
|  | SOC | Social Democrats | West Germany 31, Belgium 8, Denmark 4, France 22, Ireland 1, Italy 14, Luxembourg 2, Netherlands 8, UK 46, Greece 9, Spain 27, Portugal 8 | 35% | 180 |
|  | EPP | Christian Democrats | West Germany 32, Belgium 7, Denmark 2, France 6, Ireland 4, Italy 27, Luxembourg 3, Netherlands 10, UK 1, Greece 10, Spain 16, Portugal 3 | 23% | 121 |
|  | LDR | Liberals and Liberal Democrats | West Germany 4, Belgium 4, Denmark 3, France 13, Ireland 2, Italy 3, Luxembourg 1, Netherlands 4, Spain 6, Portugal 9 | 9% | 49 |
|  | EUL & LU | Communists and the Far Left | Denmark 1, France 7, Ireland 1, Italy 22, Greece 4, Spain 4, Portugal 3 | 8% | 42 (28+14) |
|  | ED | Conservatives | Denmark 2, UK 32 | 7% | 34 |
|  |  | Greens | West Germany 8, Belgium 3, France 8, Italy 7, Netherlands 2, Spain 1, Portugal 1 | 6% | 30 |
|  | EDA | National Conservatives | France 13, Ireland 6, Greece 1 | 4% | 20 |
|  | DR | Far-Right Nationalists | West Germany 6, Belgium 1, France 10 | 3% | 17 |
|  | RBW | Regionalists | Belgium 1, Denmark 4, France 1, Ireland 1, Italy 3, UK 1, Spain 2 | 3% | 13 |
|  | NI | Independents | France 1, Italy 5, Netherlands 1, UK 1, Spain 4 | 2% | 12 |
| Sources:    Archived 11 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine | | | | 100% | 518 |

## InfoBox

1989 European Parliament election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| ---  All 518 seats to the European Parliament
260 seats needed for a majority | |
| Turnout | 58.5%  2.5 pp |
| First party Second party Third party   Leader Jean-Pierre Cot Egon Klepsch Valéry Giscard d’Estaing  Party SOC EPP ELDR  Leader's seat France Germany France  Last election 130 110 31  Seats won 180\* 121\* 49\*  Seat change 50 11 18 | |
| ---  Post-election composition of each member state's delegation
** The number of seats was increased from 434 to 518 – so this is a nominal figure* | |
| ---  **President of the European Parliament before election**
Henry Plumb
ED **President of the European Parliament after election**
Enrique Barón Crespo
PES | |


abstract: The 1989 European Open Water Swimming Championships was the first edition of the European Open Water Swimming Championships and took part from 2–3 September 1989 in Stari Grad, Yugoslavia.

text:
# 1989 European Open Water Swimming Championships

The **1989 European Open Water Swimming Championships** was the first edition of the European Open Water Swimming Championships and took part from 2–3 September 1989 in Stari Grad, Yugoslavia.

## Results

### Men

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 5 km | Igor Majcen
Yugoslavia
1:09:25 | Jaromír Henyš
Czechoslovakia
1:10:08 | Arthur de Rouw
Netherlands
1:10:33 |
| 21 km | Nace Majcen
Yugoslavia
4:52:04 | Michal Špaček
Czechoslovakia
4:57:23 | Dragan Kvrgić
Yugoslavia
4:59:27 |

### Women

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 5 km | Anamarija Petričević
Yugoslavia
1:16:15 | Wandy Kater
Netherlands
1:20:10 | Tanja Godina
Yugoslavia
1:20:12 |
| 21 km | Rita Lazar
Hungary
5:27:07 | Diana Simonović
Yugoslavia
5:31:35 | Annemie Landmeters
Belgium
5:37:57 |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Yugoslavia (YUG) | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 |
| 2 | Hungary (HUN) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 3 | Czechoslovakia (TCH) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 4 | Netherlands (NED) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 5 | Belgium (BEL) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (5 entries) | | 4 | 4 | 4 | 12 |

## InfoBox

1989 European Open Water Swimming Championships
| Host city | Stari Grad |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Yugoslavia |
| Events | 4 |
| Opening | 2 September 1989 (1989-09-02) |
| Closing | 3 September 1989 (1989-09-03) |
|  | |


title: Arctacarus dzungaricus

abstract: Arctacarus dzungaricus is a species of mite in the family Arctacaridae.

text:
# Arctacarus dzungaricus

***Arctacarus dzungaricus*** is a species of mite in the family Arctacaridae.

## InfoBox

| *Arctacarus dzungaricus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Mesostigmata |
| Family: | Arctacaridae |
| Genus: | *Arctacarus* |
| Species: | ***A. dzungaricus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Arctacarus dzungaricus***<br>Bregetova, 1977 | |
|


title: Emilia Butler, Countess of Ossory

abstract:
Emilia Butler, Countess of Ossory, born Æmilia van Nassau-Beverweerd, was an Anglo-Dutch courtier. Emilia was born in The Hague, the daughter of Lodewijk van Nassau, Lord of Beverweerd, the Governor of 's-Hertogenbosch, and his wife, Isabella, Countess of Hornes. Her elder sister, Elisabeth van Nassau-Beverweerd (1631–1717), became the wife of the prominent Stuart politician Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington; her brother was the Dutch field marshal Hendrik Van Nassau-Ouwerkerk. Emilia was married in Den Bosch in the Netherlands on 14 November 1659 to Thomas Butler, viscount Thurles (1633–1680), the eldest son and heir of the Irish peer James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, and accompanied him to England, where she was naturalised by Act of Parliament (1660). Lord Thurles became earl of Ossory several years later when his father achieved the dukedom (1662). The countess was presented to Catherine of Braganza, the wife of Charles II of England upon her arrival in London and was appointed as lady-in-waiting to the queen at Hampton Court Palace. She attended the queen at Greenwich Palace when the latter met her mother-in-law, Queen Henrietta Maria, for the first time. During the outbreak of the plague (1665) the countess accompanied the queen and her household to the safety of Hampton Court, later removing to Oxford. She accompanied the king and queen to Dover to farewell the Duchesse d'Orleans on her final visit. During the plots directed against the queen and other prominent Catholic figures, the countess and others of the queen's ladies came under the suspicion of being secret papists (1678). Lady Ossory served Queen Catherine for over twenty years, retiring from service after the death of Charles II (1685). A famous beauty, her portrait was painted by Wissing. She was buried in Westminster Abbey in London on 12 December 1688. Her children included:
  - James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde (1665–1745), who succeeded his grandfather;
  - Charles Butler, third Duke of Ormonde (1671–1758), who succeeded his brother;
  - Lady Elizabeth Butler (1660–1717), who married William Richard George Stanley, 9th Earl of Derby;
  - Lady Henrietta Butler, who married her cousin Henry de Nassau d'Auverquerque, 1st Earl of Grantham

text:
# Emilia Butler, Countess of Ossory

**Emilia Butler, Countess of Ossory** (4 March 1635 (baptised)  12 December 1688 (buried)), born **Æmilia van Nassau-Beverweerd**, was an Anglo-Dutch courtier.

Emilia was born in The Hague, the daughter of Lodewijk van Nassau, Lord of Beverweerd, the Governor of 's-Hertogenbosch, and his wife, Isabella, Countess of Hornes. Her elder sister, Elisabeth van Nassau-Beverweerd (1631–1717), became the wife of the prominent Stuart politician Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington; her brother was the Dutch field marshal Hendrik Van Nassau-Ouwerkerk.

Emilia was married in Den Bosch in the Netherlands on 14 November 1659 to Thomas Butler, viscount Thurles (1633–1680), the eldest son and heir of the Irish peer James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, and accompanied him to England, where she was naturalised by Act of Parliament (1660). Lord Thurles became earl of Ossory several years later when his father achieved the dukedom (1662).

The countess was presented to Catherine of Braganza, the wife of Charles II of England upon her arrival in London and was appointed as lady-in-waiting to the queen at Hampton Court Palace. She attended the queen at Greenwich Palace when the latter met her mother-in-law, Queen Henrietta Maria, for the first time (August 1662).

During the outbreak of the plague (1665) the countess accompanied the queen and her household to the safety of Hampton Court, later removing to Oxford. She accompanied the king and queen to Dover to farewell the Duchesse d'Orleans on her final visit (June 1670). During the plots directed against the queen and other prominent Catholic figures, the countess and others of the queen's ladies came under the suspicion of being secret papists (1678).

Lady Ossory served Queen Catherine for over twenty years, retiring from service after the death of Charles II (1685). A famous beauty, her portrait was painted by Wissing. She was buried in Westminster Abbey in London on 12 December 1688.

Her children included:

## Sources

* Chester, Joseph Lemuel (1876), *Registers of Westminster Abbey*, London: Private Edition
* G. E. Cokayne, *The Complete Peerage* (1910–1959) (Ormonde).
* A. Strickland, *Lives of the Queens of England*, London (1888) (under "Catharine of Braganza")


abstract: The 1989 Women's European Volleyball Championship was the sixteenth edition of the event, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted in several cities in West Germany from 2 to 10 September 1989, with the final round held in Stuttgart.

text:
# 1989 Women's European Volleyball Championship

The **1989 Women's European Volleyball Championship** was the sixteenth edition of the event, organised by Europe's governing volleyball body, the Confédération Européenne de Volleyball. It was hosted in several cities in West Germany from 2 to 10 September 1989, with the final round held in Stuttgart.

## Participating teams

| Team | Method of qualification |
| --- | --- |
| Bulgaria | Qualification group 1 winners |
| Czechoslovakia | 1987 edition third place |
| East Germany | 1987 edition first place |
| Finland | Qualification group 1 runners-up |
| France | Qualification group 4 runners-up |
| Italy | Qualification group 3 winners |
| Poland | Qualification group 2 runners-up |
| Romania | Qualification group 4 winners |
| Soviet Union | 1987 edition second place |
| Turkey | Qualification group 3 runners-up |
| West Germany | Hosts |
| Yugoslavia | Qualification group 2 winners |

## Format

The tournament was played in two different stages. In the first stage, the twelve participants were divided in two groups of six teams each. A single round-robin format was played within each group to determine the teams' group position. The second stage of the tournament consisted of three sets of semifinals to determine the tournament final ranking. The group stage firsts and seconds played the semifinals for 1st to 4th place, group stage thirds and fourths played the 5th to 8th place semifinals and group stage fifths and sixths played the 9th to 12th semifinals. The pairing of the semifinals was made so teams played against the opposite group teams which finished in a different position (1st played against 2nd, 3rd played against 4th and 5th played against 6th).

## Pools composition

| Pool A | Pool B |
| --- | --- |
| Finland | Bulgaria |
| Romania | Czechoslovakia |
| Soviet Union | East Germany |
| Turkey | France |
| West Germany | Italy |
| Yugoslavia | Poland |

## Squads

## Venues

| Pool A | Pool B | HamburgKarlsruheSindelfingenStuttgartclass=notpageimage|Tournament host cities |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | **Hamburg** | **Karlsruhe** |
| | Final round (9th–12th) | Final round (1st–8th) |
| | **Sindelfingen** | **Stuttgart** |

## Preliminary round

### Pool A

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | Pts | SW | SL | SR | SPW | SPL | SPR | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Soviet Union | 5 | 5 | 0 | 10 | 15 | 0 | MAX | 229 | 124 | 1.847 | 1st–4th semifinals |
| 2 | Romania | 5 | 4 | 1 | 9 | 12 | 6 | 2.000 | 247 | 210 | | 1.176 |
| 3 | West Germany | 5 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 11 | 6 | 1.833 | 225 | 173 | 1.301 | 5th–8th semifinals |
| 4 | Yugoslavia | 5 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 0.667 | 160 | 189 | | 0.847 |
| 5 | Turkey | 5 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 13 | 0.308 | 175 | 236 | 0.742 | 9th–12th semifinals |
| 6 | Finland | 5 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 15 | 0.067 | 127 | 231 | | 0.550 |

Source:

| Date |  | Score |  | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 Sep | Yugoslavia | **0–3** | **Romania** | 4–15 | 4–15 | 14–16 |  |  | **22–46** | Report |
| 2 Sep | **West Germany** | **3–0** | Finland | 15–6 | 15–11 | 15–8 |  |  | **45–25** | Report |
| 2 Sep | **Soviet Union** | **3–0** | Turkey | 15–5 | 15–9 | 15–8 |  |  | **45–22** | Report |
| 3 Sep | Yugoslavia | **0–3** | **West Germany** | 3–15 | 5–15 | 3–15 |  |  | **11–45** | Report |
| 3 Sep | **Soviet Union** | **3–0** | Romania | 15–7 | 16–14 | 16–14 |  |  | **47–35** | Report |
| 3 Sep | **Turkey** | **3–1** | Finland | 5–15 | 15–9 | 16–14 | 15–8 |  | **51–46** | Report |
| 4 Sep | Yugoslavia | **0–3** | **Soviet Union** | 12–15 | 15–17 | 8–15 |  |  | **35–47** | Report |
| 4 Sep | **Romania** | **3–0** | Finland | 15–9 | 15–10 | 15–6 |  |  | **45–25** | Report |
| 4 Sep | **West Germany** | **3–0** | Turkey | 15–7 | 15–10 | 15–8 |  |  | **45–25** | Report |
| 6 Sep | **Yugoslavia** | **3–0** | Turkey | 15–5 | 16–14 | 15–12 |  |  | **46–31** | Report |
| 6 Sep | **Soviet Union** | **3–0** | Finland | 15–3 | 15–1 | 15–7 |  |  | **45–11** | Report |
| 6 Sep | **Romania** | **3–2** | West Germany | 15–13 | 8–15 | 15–13 | 13–15 | 16–14 | **67–70** | Report |
| 7 Sep | **Yugoslavia** | **3–0** | Finland | 15–10 | 15–7 | 15–3 |  |  | **45–20** | Report |
| 7 Sep | **Romania** | **3–1** | Turkey | 15–12 | 9–15 | 15–7 | 15–12 |  | **54–46** | Report |
| 7 Sep | **Soviet Union** | **3–0** | West Germany | 15–9 | 15–7 | 15–4 |  |  | **45–20** | Report |

### Pool B

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | Pts | SW | SL | SR | SPW | SPL | SPR | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | East Germany | 5 | 5 | 0 | 10 | 15 | 3 | 5.000 | 257 | 163 | 1.577 | 1st–4th semifinals |
| 2 | Italy | 5 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 7 | 1.429 | 226 | 196 | | 1.153 |
| 3 | Czechoslovakia | 5 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 11 | 9 | 1.222 | 257 | 231 | 1.113 | 5th–8th semifinals |
| 4 | Bulgaria | 5 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 1.111 | 243 | 225 | | 1.080 |
| 5 | Poland | 5 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 13 | 0.385 | 193 | 253 | 0.763 | 9th–12th semifinals |
| 6 | France | 5 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 15 | 0.333 | 182 | 290 | | 0.628 |

Source:

| Date |  | Score |  | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 Sep | **Bulgaria** | **3–1** | France | 15–5 | 15–10 | 13–15 | 15–2 |  | **58–32** | Report |
| 2 Sep | **Italy** | **3–0** | Czechoslovakia | 15–9 | 15–11 | 15–13 |  |  | **45–33** | Report |
| 2 Sep | **East Germany** | **3–0** | Poland | 15–6 | 15–7 | 15–9 |  |  | **45–22** | Report |
| 3 Sep | **Italy** | **3–1** | France | 15–10 | 14–16 | 15–2 | 15–8 |  | **59–36** | Report |
| 3 Sep | **Czechoslovakia** | **3–1** | Poland | 15–12 | 15–12 | 12–15 | 15–10 |  | **57–49** | Report |
| 3 Sep | **East Germany** | **3–0** | Bulgaria | 15–11 | 15–12 | 15–9 |  |  | **45–32** | Report |
| 4 Sep | **Italy** | **3–0** | Poland | 15–9 | 15–5 | 15–10 |  |  | **45–24** | Report |
| 4 Sep | **Czechoslovakia** | **3–1** | Bulgaria | 15–3 | 15–8 | 12–15 | 15–10 |  | **57–36** | Report |
| 4 Sep | **East Germany** | **3–1** | France | 15–6 | 15–4 | 14–16 | 15–3 |  | **59–29** | Report |
| 6 Sep | **East Germany** | **3–0** | Italy | 15–11 | 15–13 | 15–4 |  |  | **45–28** | Report |
| 6 Sep | **Bulgaria** | **3–1** | Poland | 15–3 | 14–16 | 15–13 | 15–10 |  | **59–42** | Report |
| 6 Sep | **Czechoslovakia** | **3–1** | France | 15–9 | 13–15 | 15–4 | 15–10 |  | **58–38** | Report |
| 7 Sep | **Bulgaria** | **3–1** | Italy | 15–12 | 16–14 | 12–15 | 15–8 |  | **58–49** | Report |
| 7 Sep | **East Germany** | **3–2** | Czechoslovakia | 15–6 | 15–4 | 10–15 | 8–15 | 15–12 | **63–52** | Report |
| 7 Sep | **Poland** | **3–1** | France | 15–9 | 15–11 | 11–15 | 15–12 |  | **56–47** | Report |

## Final round

### 9th–12th place

#### 9th–12th semifinals

| Date |  | Score |  | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9 Sep | **France** | **3–1** | Turkey | 15–5 | 15–8 | 14–16 | 15–11 |  | **59–40** | Report |
| 9 Sep | **Poland** | **3–0** | Finland | 15–7 | 15–2 | 15–3 |  |  | **45–12** | Report |

#### 11th place match

| Date |  | Score |  | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10 Sep | **Turkey** | **3–1** | Finland | 15–6 | 15–8 | 12–15 | 16–14 |  | **58–43** | Report |

#### 9th place match

| Date |  | Score |  | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10 Sep | **Poland** | **3–2** | France | 15–12 | 12–15 | 17–15 | 7–15 | 15–13 | **66–70** | Report |

### 5th–8th place

#### 5th–8th semifinals

| Date |  | Score |  | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9 Sep | Yugoslavia | **1–3** | **Czechoslovakia** | 4–15 | 12–15 | 17–15 | 9–15 |  | **42–60** | Report |
| 9 Sep | **West Germany** | **3–1** | Bulgaria | 12–15 | 15–9 | 16–14 | 15–6 |  | **58–44** | Report |

#### 7th place match

| Date |  | Score |  | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10 Sep | Yugoslavia | **0–3** | **Bulgaria** | 11–15 | 9–15 | 3–15 |  |  | **23–45** | Report |

#### 5th place match

| Date |  | Score |  | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10 Sep | **Czechoslovakia** | **3–0** | West Germany | 15–4 | 16–14 | 15–7 |  |  | **46–25** | Report |

### Final

#### Semifinals

| Date |  | Score |  | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9 Sep | **Soviet Union** | **3–0** | Italy | 15–10 | 15–7 | 15–8 |  |  | **45–25** | Report |
| 9 Sep | **East Germany** | **3–0** | Romania | 17–15 | 15–6 | 15–4 |  |  | **47–25** | Report |

#### 3rd place match

| Date |  | Score |  | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10 Sep | **Italy** | **3–0** | Romania | 15–5 | 15–6 | 15–3 |  |  | **45–14** | Report |

#### Final

| Date |  | Score |  | Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 | Set 4 | Set 5 | Total | Report |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10 Sep | **Soviet Union** | **3–1** | East Germany | 8–15 | 16–14 | 15–13 | 15–13 |  | **54–55** | Report |

## Final ranking

## Individual awards

* Confédération Européenne de Volleyball (CEV)

## InfoBox

1989 Women's European Volleyball Championship
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Host nation | West Germany |
| Dates | 2 – 10 September |
| Teams | 12 |
| Venue(s) | Various (in 4 host cities) |
| Champions | Soviet Union (12th title) |
| Tournament awards | |
| MVP | Valentina Ogienko |
| Official website | |
| Website | |
|


title: 1986 Newcastle Rosebud United FC season

abstract: The 1986 season was Newcastle Rosebud United's third and final season in the National Soccer League. Newcastle Rosebud United finished 6th in their National Soccer League season and were eliminated the NSL Cup second round against Sydney City.

text:
# 1986 Newcastle Rosebud United FC season

The **1986 season** was Newcastle Rosebud United's third and final season in the National Soccer League. Newcastle Rosebud United finished 6th in their National Soccer League season and were eliminated the NSL Cup second round against Sydney City.

## Players

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  DF  ENG Ian Bannon  FW  AUS John Cavanagh  MF  ENG Paul Crabtree  GK  AUS Steve Dorman  AUS Matthew Garland  GK  NZL Clint Gosling  AUS Scott Haynes  AUS Stewart Heap  FW  AUS Sean Ingham  DF  AUS Mark Jones | No. Pos. Nation Player  DF  AUS Ralph Maier  AUS Peter McGuinness  MF  AUS John McQuarrie  AUS Ross Milosevic  DF  AUS Bobby Naumov  DF  AUS Neil Owens  MF  AUS Joe Senkalski  FW  ENG Derek Todd  AUS Russell Turnbull |
| --- | --- |

## Competitions

### Overview

| Competition | First match | Last match | Starting round | Final position | Record | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win % |
| National Soccer League | 29 March 1986 | 13 September 1986 | Matchday 1 | 6th | 22 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 36 | 33 | +3 | 040.91 |
| NSL Cup | 22 March 1986 | 27 April 1986 | First round | Second round | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | −1 | 050.00 |
| Total | | | | | 24 | 10 | 6 | 8 | 38 | 36 | +2 | 041.67 |

Last updated: complete
Source: Competitions

### National Soccer League

#### League table

**Northern Conference**

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Sydney Croatia | 22 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 43 | 18 | +25 | 32 | Qualification for the Finals series |
| 2 | Sydney Olympic | 22 | 9 | 9 | 4 | 33 | 22 | +11 | | 27 |
| 3 | St George-Budapest | 22 | 11 | 5 | 6 | 33 | 29 | +4 | | 27 |
| 4 | Marconi Fairfield | 22 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 35 | 22 | +13 | | 25 |
| 5 | Sydney City | 22 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 36 | 27 | +9 | 24 | Qualification for the Finals series and Oceania Cup Winners' Cup |
| 6 | Newcastle Rosebud United (R) | 22 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 36 | 33 | +3 | 24 | Relegation to the 1987 NSW State League |
| 7 | APIA Leichhardt | 22 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 25 | 23 | +2 | 24 |  |
| 8 | Wollongong City (R) | 22 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 26 | 25 | +1 | 23 | Relegation to the 1987 NSW State League |
| 9 | Blacktown City (R) | 22 | 8 | 4 | 10 | 24 | 36 | 12 | | 20 |
| 10 | Canberra City (R) | 22 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 21 | 27 | 6 | | 16 |
| 11 | Canterbury Marrickville (R) | 22 | 2 | 7 | 13 | 17 | 41 | 24 | | 11 |
| 12 | Inter Monaro (R) | 22 | 3 | 5 | 14 | 17 | 43 | 26 | | 11 |

Updated to match(es) played on unknown. Source: rsssf.com
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
(R) Relegated
Notes:

**Southern Conference**

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Brunswick Juventus | 22 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 37 | 21 | +16 | 28 | Qualification for the Finals series |
| 2 | Footscray JUST | 22 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 29 | 27 | +2 | | 28 |
| 3 | Adelaide City (C) | 22 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 32 | 19 | +13 | 27 | Qualification for the Finals series and Oceania Club Championship |
| 4 | Sunshine George Cross | 22 | 8 | 11 | 3 | 26 | 17 | +9 | 27 | Qualification for the Finals series |
| 5 | Heidelberg United | 22 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 35 | 25 | +10 | | 26 |
| 6 | Preston Makedonia | 22 | 8 | 9 | 5 | 30 | 20 | +10 | 25 |  |
| 7 | South Melbourne | 22 | 10 | 5 | 7 | 27 | 20 | +7 | | 25 |
| 8 | Brisbane Lions (R) | 22 | 7 | 5 | 10 | 27 | 28 | 1 | 19 | Relegation to the 1987 Brisbane Premier League |
| 9 | West Adelaide (R) | 22 | 7 | 4 | 11 | 26 | 34 | 8 | 18 | Relegation to the 1987 South Australian Division One |
| 10 | Melbourne Croatia | 22 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 25 | 33 | 8 | 18 |  |
| 11 | Brisbane City (R) | 22 | 3 | 7 | 12 | 18 | 46 | 28 | 13 | Relegation to the 1987 Brisbane Premier League |
| 12 | Green Gully (R) | 22 | 2 | 6 | 14 | 16 | 38 | 22 | 10 | Relegation to the 1987 Victorian State League |

Updated to match(es) played on unknown. Source: rsssf.com
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (R) Relegated

#### Results summary

| Overall | | | | | | | | Home | | | | | | Away | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 22 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 36 | 33 | +3 | 33 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 19 | 18 | +1 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 17 | 15 | +2 |

Source: worldfootball.net

#### Results by round

| Round | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ground | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | A | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | H | H | A | H |
| Result | D | L | D | D | W | L | D | D | W | W | L | W | L | D | L | W | W | W | L | W | W | L |
| Position | 6 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 |

Source: worldfootball.net
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss

#### Matches

| 29 March 1986 1 | **Sydney City** | **0–0** | **Newcastle Rosebud United** | Woy Woy |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Woy Woy Oval
Attendance: 1,508
Referee: Arthur Owens |

| 12 July 1986 14 | **Newcastle Rosebud United** | **0–0** | **APIA Leichhardt** | Newcastle |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: Adamstown Oval
Attendance: 1,147
Referee: Even Venios |

### NSL Cup

## Statistics

### Appearances and goals

Players with no appearances not included in the list.

| No. | Pos. | Nat. | Name | National Soccer League | | NSL Cup | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
|  | DF |  | Ian Bannon | 22 | 0 | 2 | 0 | **24** | **0** |
|  | FW |  | John Cavanagh | 22 | 3 | 2 | 0 | **24** | **3** |
|  | MF |  | Paul Crabtree | 18(1) | 0 | 2 | 0 | **21** | **0** |
|  | GK |  | Steve Dorman | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **1** | **0** |
|  |  |  | Matthew Garland | 10(3) | 0 | 1(1) | 0 | **15** | **0** |
|  | GK |  | Clint Gosling | 22 | 0 | 2 | 0 | **24** | **0** |
|  |  |  | Scott Haynes | 1(1) | 0 | 1(1) | 0 | **4** | **0** |
|  |  |  | Stewart Heap | 6(3) | 1 | 0 | 0 | **9** | **1** |
|  | FW |  | Sean Ingham | 22 | 9 | 2 | 1 | **24** | **10** |
|  | DF |  | Mark Jones | 21 | 10 | 2 | 0 | **23** | **10** |
|  | DF |  | Ralph Maier | 22 | 5 | 2 | 1 | **24** | **6** |
|  |  |  | Peter McGuinness | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **1** | **0** |
|  | MF |  | John McQuarrie | 9(1) | 3 | 0 | 0 | **10** | **3** |
|  |  |  | Ross Milosevic | 19 | 0 | 2 | 0 | **21** | **0** |
|  | DF |  | Bobby Naumov | 19 | 4 | 1(1) | 0 | **21** | **4** |
|  | DF |  | Neil Owens | 18(2) | 0 | 2 | 0 | **22** | **0** |
|  | MF |  | Joe Senkalski | 7(1) | 0 | 2 | 0 | **10** | **0** |
|  |  |  | Russell Turnbull | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **2** | **0** |
| Player(s) transferred out but featured this season | | | | | | | | | |
|  | FW |  | Derek Todd | 0 | 0 | 0(1) | 0 | **1** | **0** |

### Clean sheets

| Rank | No. | Pos | Nat | Name | National Soccer League | NSL Cup | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1** |  | GK |  | Clint Gosling | 5 | 0 | **5** |
| **Total** | | | | | 5 | 0 | 5 |

1. "1986 National Soccer League Results". ozfootball.net. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
2. "Australia's Premier Football Player Archive". *ozfootball.net*. Aussie Footballers. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
3. "1986 National Soccer League Cup Results". ozfootball.net. Retrieved 20 November 2022.

## InfoBox

Newcastle Rosebud United
| 1986 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Stadium | Adamstown Oval |
| National Soccer League | 6th |
| NSL Cup | Second round |
| Top goalscorer | League: Mark Jones (10)
All: Sean Ingham
Mark Jones (10) |
| Highest home attendance | 2,865 vs. Sydney Croatia
(5 April 1986)
National Soccer League |
| Lowest home attendance | 828 vs. Wollongong City
(10 May 1986)
National Soccer League |
| Average home league attendance | 1,819 |
| Biggest win | **5–1**
vs. Sydney City (H)
(28 June 1986)
National Soccer League |
| Biggest defeat | **0–4**
vs. Sydney Croatia (H)
(5 April 1986)
National Soccer League |
|  | |


title: 1986 New Zealand NBL season

abstract: The 1986 NBL season was the fifth season of the National Basketball League. Two changes occurred for the 1986 season, with Napier now called Hawke's Bay, while Centrals were dropped from the league and replaced by 1985 Conference Basketball League (CBL) champions North Shore. Canterbury won 16 of their 18 round-robin games, qualifying for the finals in top spot. While Wellington contested their fourth straight final, Canterbury won the championship to claim their first league title. John "Dutchie" Rademakers top scored for Canterbury in the final with 22 points, while American point guard Clyde Huntley added 20 and fellow import, Angelo Hill, 15. Youngster Ian Webb also contributed 13 points, as Canterbury defeated Wellington 87–82.

text:
# 1986 New Zealand NBL season

The **1986 NBL season** was the fifth season of the National Basketball League. Two changes occurred for the 1986 season, with Napier now called Hawke's Bay, while Centrals were dropped from the league and replaced by 1985 Conference Basketball League (CBL) champions North Shore. Canterbury won 16 of their 18 round-robin games, qualifying for the finals in top spot. While Wellington contested their fourth straight final, Canterbury won the championship to claim their first league title. John "Dutchie" Rademakers top scored for Canterbury in the final with 22 points, while American point guard Clyde Huntley added 20 and fellow import, Angelo Hill, 15. Youngster Ian Webb also contributed 13 points, as Canterbury defeated Wellington 87–82.

## Final standings

| # | Team |
| --- | --- |
|  | Canterbury |
|  | Wellington |
| 3 | Ponsonby |
| 4 | New Plymouth |
| 5 | Palmerston North |
| 6 | North Shore |
| 7 | Nelson |
| 8 | Auckland |
| 9 | Hamilton |
| 10 | Hawke's Bay |
|

## Season awards

* **Most Outstanding Guard:** Clyde Huntley (Canterbury)
* **Most Outstanding NZ Guard:** John Rademakers (Canterbury)
* **Most Outstanding Forward:** Frank Smith (Nelson)
* **Most Outstanding NZ Forward/Centre:** John Saker (Wellington)
* **Scoring Champion:** Ronnie Joyner (Ponsonby)
* **Rebounding Champion:** Frank Smith (Nelson)
* **Assist Champion:** Tony Webster (North Shore)
* **Young Player of the Year:** Tony Compain (Ponsonby)
* **All-Star Five:**
    + Clyde Huntley (Canterbury)
    + Ollie Johnson (Wellington)
    + Ronnie Joyner (Ponsonby)
    + Frank Smith (Nelson)
    + Tony Webster (North Shore)

## InfoBox

| 1986 New Zealand NBL season | |
| --- | --- |
| League | New Zealand NBL |
| Sport | Basketball |
| Number of teams | 10 |
| Regular season | |
| Minor premiers | Canterbury |
| Top scorer | Ronnie Joyner (Ponsonby) |
| Playoffs | |
| Champions | Canterbury |
| Runners-up | Wellington |


title: Emperor Houshao of Han

abstract: Emperor Houshao of Han, personal name Liu Hong (劉弘), was the fourth emperor of the Han dynasty. He was a son of Emperor Hui and a unknown wife of him, likely by a concubine—although there is some controversy on the subject—and adopted by Emperor Hui's wife, Empress Zhang Yan. At the instigation of his grandmother, Empress Lü, Empress Zhang had Emperor Houshao's mother put to death. Very little about Emperor Houshao's life and personality is known. There are only a few major important events in his life that are documented. In September 188 BC, his father Emperor Hui died, and his brother Liu Gong succeeded to the throne as Emperor Qianshao; his name came about as Empress Dowager Lü personally exercised the power of government alone and held power for herself. In 187 BC, he was made the Marquess of Xiangcheng. In 186 BC, after his brother Liu Buyi (劉不疑), the Prince of Hengshan, died, he was made the Prince of Hengshan, and his name was changed to Liu Yi, likely because it was considered inappropriate to have one's name share characters with one's titles. Some time during or before 184 BC, Emperor Qianshao discovered that he was not, in fact, now-Empress Dowager Zhang's son and that his mother, like Prince Hong's mother, had been put to death. Emperor Qianshao made the mistake of publicly making the remark that when he grew up, Empress Dowager Zhang would pay for this. Grand Empress Dowager Lü, once she heard of this, had Emperor Qianshao secretly imprisoned within the palace and publicly announced that he was severely ill and unable to receive anyone. After some time, Grand Empress Dowager Lü told the officials that he continued to be ill and incapable of governing, and that he had also suffered a psychosis. She proposed that he be deposed and replaced. The officials complied with her wishes, and he was deposed and put to death. Prince Hong then succeeded his brother to the throne as Emperor Houshao and in effect as Grand Empress Dowager Lü's indisputable puppet. Because Grand Empress Dowager Lü was actually the ruling absolute figure and she still had all the powers of the empire, one thing that is normally done when a new emperor succeeds to the throne—the resetting of the calendar year—was not done; rather, the calendar continued from the start of Emperor Qianshao's reign. In the autumn of 180 BC, Grand Empress Dowager Lü died of an illness. Emperor Houshao, however, still did not have actual powers, because most power was still largely controlled by the Lü clan. Indeed, the grand empress dowager's will required him to marry the daughter of her nephew Lü Lu (呂禄) and make her empress. The officials of the imperial government, led by Chen Ping and Zhou Bo, however, formed a conspiracy against the Lü clan, and they were successful in surprising the Lü clan and slaughtering them. Afterwards, the conspirators met and made the assertion that none of the sons of Emperor Hui were actually his. Admitting that they were concerned that these imperial children, when they grew up, would take vengeance on the officials, the conspirators resolved to find a replacement emperor. After a period of disagreement, they settled on Emperor Houshao's uncle, Prince Liu Heng of Dai. Prince Heng soon arrived in the capital Xi'an and was declared emperor, and Emperor Houshao was deposed. Initially, one of the officials involved in the conspiracy, Emperor Houshao's cousin, Liu Xingju, the Marquess of Dongmou, merely expelled Emperor Houshao from the palace and had him stay at the Ministry of Palace Supplies. Some of the imperial guard still wished to resist the coup d'etat but were eventually persuaded by the officials to desist. Some time later that year, Emperor Houshao was executed along with his three younger brothers. Historians are of the view that his wife, Empress Lü, was also executed, but there is no explicit evidence to support this view. Emperor Houshao, considered to be a mere puppet of Grand Empress Dowager Lü, is totally omitted from the official list of emperors of the Han dynasty.

text:
# Emperor Houshao of Han

**Emperor Houshao of Han** (Chinese: 漢後少帝; c.March 196 BC – 14 November 180 BC), personal name **Liu Hong** (劉弘), was the fourth emperor of the Han dynasty. He was a son of Emperor Hui and a unknown wife of him, likely by a concubine—although there is some controversy on the subject—and adopted by Emperor Hui's wife, Empress Zhang Yan. At the instigation of his grandmother, Empress Lü, Empress Zhang had Emperor Houshao's mother put to death.

Very little about Emperor Houshao's life and personality is known. There are only a few major important events in his life that are documented (which does not even include the year of his birth). In September 188 BC, his father Emperor Hui died, and his brother Liu Gong succeeded to the throne as Emperor Qianshao; his name came about as Empress Dowager Lü personally exercised the power of government alone and held power for herself. In 187 BC, he was made the Marquess of Xiangcheng. In 186 BC, after his brother Liu Buyi (劉不疑), the Prince of Hengshan, died, he was made the Prince of Hengshan, and his name was changed to Liu Yi, likely because it was considered inappropriate to have one's name (or one's male ancestors' names) share characters with one's titles.

Some time during or before 184 BC, Emperor Qianshao discovered that he was not, in fact, now-Empress Dowager Zhang's son and that his mother, like Prince Hong's mother, had been put to death. Emperor Qianshao made the mistake of publicly making the remark that when he grew up, Empress Dowager Zhang would pay for this. Grand Empress Dowager Lü, once she heard of this, had Emperor Qianshao secretly imprisoned within the palace and publicly announced that he was severely ill and unable to receive anyone.

After some time, Grand Empress Dowager Lü told the officials that he continued to be ill and incapable of governing, and that he had also suffered a psychosis. She proposed that he be deposed and replaced. The officials complied with her wishes, and he was deposed and put to death. Prince Hong then succeeded his brother to the throne as Emperor Houshao and in effect as Grand Empress Dowager Lü's indisputable puppet. Because Grand Empress Dowager Lü was actually the ruling absolute figure and she still had all the powers of the empire, one thing that is normally done when a new emperor succeeds to the throne—the resetting of the calendar year—was not done; rather, the calendar continued from the start of Emperor Qianshao's reign.

In the autumn of 180 BC, Grand Empress Dowager Lü died of an illness. Emperor Houshao, however, still did not have actual powers, because most power was still largely controlled by the Lü clan. Indeed, the grand empress dowager's will required him to marry the daughter of her nephew Lü Lu (呂禄) and make her empress. The officials of the imperial government, led by Chen Ping and Zhou Bo, however, formed a conspiracy against the Lü clan, and they were successful in surprising the Lü clan and slaughtering them. Afterwards, the conspirators met and made the assertion that none of the sons of Emperor Hui were actually his. Admitting that they were concerned that these imperial children, when they grew up, would take vengeance on the officials, the conspirators resolved to find a replacement emperor.

After a period of disagreement, they settled on Emperor Houshao's uncle, Prince Liu Heng of Dai. Prince Heng soon arrived in the capital Xi'an and was declared emperor, and Emperor Houshao was deposed. Initially, one of the officials involved in the conspiracy, Emperor Houshao's cousin, Liu Xingju, the Marquess of Dongmou, merely expelled Emperor Houshao from the palace and had him stay at the Ministry of Palace Supplies. Some of the imperial guard still wished to resist the coup d'etat but were eventually persuaded by the officials to desist. Some time later that year, Emperor Houshao was executed along with his three younger brothers. Historians are of the view that his wife, Empress Lü, was also executed, but there is no explicit evidence to support this view.

Emperor Houshao, considered to be a mere puppet of Grand Empress Dowager Lü, is totally omitted from the official list of emperors of the Han dynasty.

## Family

Consorts:

* Empress, of the Lü clan (皇后 呂氏; d. 180 BC), second cousin

## Ancestry

|  |  | |  |  | |  |  | |  |  | |  | Liu Ren | | | |
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|  | | Liu Taigong (282–197 BC) | | | | | | | | |  | | |
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|  | | Emperor Hui of Han (210–188 BC) | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | |
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|  | | Empress Gao (241–180 BC) | | | | |  | | | | | | |
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|  | Emperor Houshao of Han (190–180 BC) | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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1. Family tree of the Han dynasty

## InfoBox

| Emperor Houshao of Han
漢後少帝 | |
| --- | --- |
| *Huangdi ()* | |
| Emperor of the Han dynasty | |
| Reign | 15 June 184 – 14 November 180 BC |
| Predecessor | Emperor Qianshao |
| Successor | Emperor Wen |
| Regent | Empress Lü |
|  | |
| Born | Liu Hong (劉弘)
c.March 196 BC |
| Died | 14 November 180 BC (aged 16) |
| Consorts | Lady Lü |
| Names  Family name: Liu (劉)
Given name: Hong (弘) | |
| House | Liu |
| Dynasty | Han (Western Han) |
| Father | Emperor Hui |


title: Echo (1790 ship)

abstract: Echo was launched in 1791 in Liverpool as a slave ship. She made two complete voyages from Liverpool in the Atlantic triangular slave trade. On her third voyage a French privateer captured her, but a British letter of marque recaptured her. She did not return to enslaving and was last listed in 1796.

text:
# Echo (1790 ship)

***Echo*** was launched in 1791 in Liverpool as a slave ship. She made two complete voyages from Liverpool in the Atlantic triangular slave trade. On her third voyage a French privateer captured her, but a British letter of marque recaptured her. She did not return to enslaving and was last listed in 1796.

## Career

*Echo* first appeared in *Lloyd's Register* (*LR*) in 1790.

| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1790 | Rd Pinder | Staniforth | Liverpool–Africa | *LR* |
|

**1st enslaving voyage (1790–1791):** Captain Robert Pinder sailed from Liverpool on 9 June 1790. *Echo* arrived at St Vincent on 15 January 1791. She arrived back at Liverpool on 7 March. She had left Liverpool with 24 crew members and she suffered one crew death on her voyage.

**2nd enslaving voyage (1791–1792):** Captain Pinder sailed from Liverpool on 28 June 1791, bound for the Windward Coast. *Echo* started acquiring captives on 19 August, first at Bassa, and then at Grand Mesurado. She sailed from Africa on 2 March 1792, and arrived at St Vincent on 16 April with 195 captives. She sailed for Liverpool on 16 April and arrived there on 11 June. She had left Liverpool with 25 crew members and she suffered six crew deaths on her voyage.

| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1793 | R.Pinder<br>W.Williams | Staniforth | Liverpool–Africa | *LR* |
|

**3rd enslaving voyage (1792–1793):** Captain William Williams sailed from Liverpool on 5 August 1792, bound for West Africa. *Echo* gathered captives at Bassa, and then at Cape Mount.

**Capture:** The French privateer *Liberty*, of Bordeaux, captured seven enslaving ships before July 1793: *Echo*, *Union*, *Little Joe*, *Mercury*, *Hazard*, *Prosperity*, and *Swift*, Roper, master. *Echo*, Kelly, master, was captured off Cape Mount.

*Robust* recaptured *Echo* and *Little Joe*. At the time of her recapture *Echo* had 120 captives on board. HMS *Andromeda* recaptured *Prosperity*; the cutter HMS *Seaflower* recaptured *Mercury*. *Liberty* ransomed *Swift* for £1000 after plundering her of 224 elephants teeth (ivory tusks), and 33 captives. *Echo*, Pindar, master arrived at Barbados. *Echo* then arrived at St Vincent in August 1793.

In 1793, 17 British vessels engaged in the transport of captives from West Africa to the West Indies were lost. Six were lot off the coast of Africa, and nine were lost in the Middle Passage, between West Africa and the West Indies. During the period 1793 to 1807, war, rather than maritime hazards or resistance by the captives, was the greatest cause of vessel losses among British vessels engaged in the triangular trade.

## Fate

*Echo* was last listed in 1796, but with information unchanged since 1793.

## Citations

1. *LR* (1791), Seq.No.E587.
2. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – *Echo* voyage #81126.
3. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – *Echo* voyage #81127.
4. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – *Echo* voyage #81128.
5. "The Marine List". *Lloyd's List*. No. 5228. 26 July 1793. hdl:2027/hvd.32044050633098.
6. Williams (1897), p. 313.
7. Demerliac (1999), p. 266, no.2341.
8. "The Marine List". *Lloyd's List*. No. 5228. 26 July 1793. hdl:027/uc1.c3049067.
9. Inikori (1996), p. 62.
10. Inikori (1996), p. 58.
* Demerliac, Alain (1999). *La Marine de la Révolution: Nomenclature des Navires Français de 1792 à 1799* (in French). Éditions Ancre. ISBN 9782906381247. OCLC 492783890.
* Inikori, Joseph (1996). "Measuring the unmeasured hazards of the Atlantic slave trade: Documents relating to the British trade". *Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer*. **83** (312): 53–92.
* Williams, Gomer (1897). *History of the Liverpool Privateers and Letters of Marque: With an Account of the Liverpool Slave Trade*. W. Heinemann.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Great Britain | |
| Name | *Echo* |
| Builder | Liverpool |
| Launched | 1791 |
| Captured | 1793, and recaptured |
| Fate | Last listed in 1796 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | 127 (bm) |


title: 15 and 16 Fossgate

abstract: 15 and 16 Fossgate is a historic building in the city centre of York, in England. The building was constructed as a house, in about 1600. It is timber framed and both of the upper floors are jettied to the Fossgate front. It was originally just one room deep, with a staircase behind, but in the late 17th century, a brick wing was added at the rear. This has a times served as a separate tenement, known as "Morrell Yard". They are accessed through a passage on the left side of the ground floor, which has a door with a late-17th century hood. Inside the building, some timber framing is visible on the ground floor, and there is a rebuilt brick fireplace. The building was grade II listed in 1954. It currently houses a shop.

text:
# 15 and 16 Fossgate

**15 and 16 Fossgate** is a historic building in the city centre of York, in England.

The building was constructed as a house, in about 1600. It is timber framed and both of the upper floors are jettied to the Fossgate front. It was originally just one room deep, with a staircase behind, but in the late 17th century, a brick wing was added at the rear. This has a times served as a separate tenement, known as "Morrell Yard". They are accessed through a passage on the left side of the ground floor, which has a door with a late-17th century hood. Inside the building, some timber framing is visible on the ground floor, and there is a rebuilt brick fireplace.

The building was grade II listed in 1954. It currently houses a shop.

1. *An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in City of York, Volume 5, Central*. London: HMSO. 1981. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
2. Historic England. "15 and 16, Fossgate (1257813)". *National Heritage List for England*. Retrieved 25 December 2022.

53°57′31″N 1°04′43″W / 53.95859°N 1.07873°W / 53.95859; -1.07873


title: 17α-Epiestriol

abstract: 17α-Epiestriol, or simply 17-epiestriol, also known as 16α-hydroxy-17α-estradiol or estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16α,17α-triol, is a minor and weak endogenous estrogen, and the 17α-epimer of estriol. It is formed from 16α-hydroxyestrone. In contrast to other endogenous estrogens like estradiol, 17α-epiestriol is a selective agonist of the ERβ. It is described as a relatively weak estrogen, which is in accordance with its relatively low affinity for the ERα. 17α-Epiestriol has been found to be approximately 400-fold more potent than estradiol in inhibiting tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) expression in vitro.

text:
# 17α-Epiestriol

**17α-Epiestriol**, or simply **17-epiestriol**, also known as **16α-hydroxy-17α-estradiol** or **estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16α,17α-triol**, is a minor and weak endogenous estrogen, and the 17α-epimer of estriol (which is 16α-hydroxy-17β-estradiol). It is formed from 16α-hydroxyestrone. In contrast to other endogenous estrogens like estradiol, 17α-epiestriol is a selective agonist of the ERβ. It is described as a relatively weak estrogen, which is in accordance with its relatively low affinity for the ERα. 17α-Epiestriol has been found to be approximately 400-fold more potent than estradiol in inhibiting tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) expression *in vitro*.

Relative affinities (%) of 17α-epiestriol and related steroids
| Compound | PRTooltip Progesterone receptor | ARTooltip Androgen receptor | ERTooltip Estrogen receptor | GRTooltip Glucocorticoid receptor | MRTooltip Mineralocorticoid receptor | SHBGTooltip Sex hormone-binding globulin | CBGTooltip Corticosteroid binding globulin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Estradiol | 2.6 | 7.9 | 100 | 0.6 | 0.13 | 8.7 | \<0.1 |
| Alfatradiol | \<1 | \<1 | 15 | \<1 | \<1 | ? | ? |
| Estriol | \<1 | \<1 | 15 | \<1 | \<1 | ? | ? |
| 16β-Epiestriol | \<1 | \<1 | 20 | \<1 | \<1 | ? | ? |
| 17α-Epiestriol | \<1 | \<1 | 31 | \<1 | \<1 | ? | ? |
| Values are percentages (%). Reference ligands (100%) were progesterone for the PRTooltip progesterone receptor, testosterone for the ARTooltip androgen receptor, E2 for the ERTooltip estrogen receptor, DEXATooltip dexamethasone for the GRTooltip glucocorticoid receptor, aldosterone for the MRTooltip mineralocorticoid receptor, DHTTooltip dihydrotestosterone for SHBGTooltip sex hormone-binding globulin, and cortisol for CBGTooltip Corticosteroid-binding globulin. | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

17α-Epiestriol
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| IUPAC name Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16α,17α-triol | |
| Systematic IUPAC name (1*S*,2*R*,3a*S*,3b*R*,9b*S*,11a*S*)-11a-Methyl-2,3,3a,3b,4,5,9b,10,11,11a-decahydro-1*H*-cyclopenta\[*a*\]phenanthrene-1,2,7-triol | |
| Other names 17-Epiestriol; 16α-Hydroxy-17α-estradiol; 3,16α,17α-Trihydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratriene | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChEBI |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| DrugBank |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C18H24O3/c1-18-7-6-13-12-5-3-11(19)8-10(12)2-4-14(13)15(18)9-16(20)17(18)21/h3,5,8,13-17,19-21H,2,4,6-7,9H2,1H3/t13-,14-,15+,16-,17-,18+/m1/s1Key: PROQIPRRNZUXQM-PNVOZDDCSA-N | |
| SMILES * CC12CCC3C(C1CC(C2O)O)CCC4=C3C=CC(=C4)O | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C18H24O3 |
| Molar mass | 288.38136 g/mol |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Aphomia curvicostella

abstract: Aphomia curvicostella is a species of snout moth in the genus Aphomia. It was described by Hans Zerny in 1914. It is found in Russia. The length of the forewings is 12–15 mm.

text:
# Aphomia curvicostella

***Aphomia curvicostella*** is a species of snout moth in the genus *Aphomia*. It was described by Hans Zerny in 1914. It is found in Russia.

The length of the forewings is 12–15 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Aphomia curvicostella* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Aphomia* |
| Species: | ***A. curvicostella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aphomia curvicostella***<br>(Zerny, 1914) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Melissoblaptes curvicostella* Zerny, 1914 | |


title: Echat

abstract: Echat was a communist organization in Ethiopia. The organization was active between 1975 and 1978. The organization emerged from a split away from the All-Ethiopian Socialist Movement (MEISON). Echat was initially allied with the Derg military junta, but later turned against it.

text:
# Echat

***Echat*** (Amharic: ኢጭአት, acronym for የኢትዮጵያ ጭቁኖች አብዮታዊ ትግል, 'Ethiopian Oppressed People's Revolutionary Struggle') was a communist organization in Ethiopia. The organization was active between 1975 and 1978. The organization emerged from a split away from the All-Ethiopian Socialist Movement (MEISON). Echat was initially allied with the Derg military junta, but later turned against it.

## Structure and background

Echat was led by Baro Tumsa. Tesfaye Habiso was the secretary of Echat.

The organization consisted of groups representing different oppressed nationalities. Echat portrayed itself as a pan-Ethiopian movement. Its membership was largely Oromo, it found its following amongst urban Oromo population.

As of 1976 Echat held two of the 15 seats in the 'Politburo' of the Provisional Office for Mass Organizational Affairs (POMOA). On February 26, 1977 Echat, Meison and three other organizations founded the Union of Ethiopian Marxist-Leninist Organizations.

Echat took a critical stand towards the 'Red Terror' campaign of Mengistu. It had also opposed the banning of Meison. The regime on its behalf perceived Echat as a hotbed of Southern ethnic nationalism. Mengistu accused Echat of creating divisions between ethnic groups. Mengistu claimed that some Echat members had cooperated with Somalia against Ethiopian interests. Echat was also accused of siding with Meison, of having links with the Oromo Liberation Front and of promoting narrow nationalism. Baro Tumsa and other key Echat leaders went underground in late 1977. During this period leading members of Echat were hunted down and jailed. Echat was expelled from the Union of Ethiopian Marxist-Leninist Organizations in March 1978, for supposed differences over political and ideological line. The Derg crushed Echat, along with the other factions of the Union of Ethiopian Marxist-Leninist Organizations.

After breaking with the Derg, many of the Echat cadres joined the Oromo Liberation Front.

## InfoBox

| Echat
Ethiopian Oppressed People's Revolutionary Struggle | |
| --- | --- |
| Leader | Baro Tumsa |
| General Secretary | Tesfaye Habis |
| Founded | 1975 |
| Split from | MEISON |
| Ideology | Communism
Pan-Ethiopianism |
| National affiliation | Imaledih |
|  | |


abstract: All India Muslim Personal Law Board (Jadeed) is a Non-governmental organisation in India which represents the interests of Barelvi Sunni Muslims of India in the Muslim personal law called Shariah. It split from the All India Muslim Personal Law Board and was founded as a separate organisation in December 2004.

text:
# All India Muslim Personal Law Board (Jadeed)

**All India Muslim Personal Law Board (Jadeed)** (abbreviated as **AIMPLB(J)**) is a Non-governmental organisation in India which represents the interests of Barelvi Sunni Muslims of India in the Muslim personal law called Shariah. It split from the All India Muslim Personal Law Board and was founded as a separate organisation in December 2004.

## History and establishment

In November 2004, Islamic scholar Tauqeer Raza Khan felt that the All India Muslim Personal Law Board was not sufficiently representing the Barelwis and headed to establish a new and separate board to overcome this issue on 10 December 2004. It was the second split from the AIMPLB, the first one being the All India Muslim Women Personal Law Board. German scholar Mathias Rohe states that "the board represents the Barelwi school but is not visible to the public, and, is vehemently rejected by traditionalists."

It was formed after Tauqeer was made a member of AIMPLB without asking his permission, as per the statement. Tauqeer accused AIMPLB members, they are the people who don't follow Shariah themselves and are a servant of the government only.

## Activism

According to a 2021 report by the Siasat Daily, the AIMPLB (J) offered half a million Indian rupees for having Taslima Nasrin beheaded if she did not apologize. The organisation has actively participated in Triple Talaq issue, Dharmsansad issue and Bhagwa Love Trap conspiracy theory cases.

## InfoBox

AIMPLB (Jadeed)
| All India Muslim Personal Law Board (Jadeed) | |
| --- | --- |
| Abbreviation | AIMPLB (J) |
| Predecessor | All India Muslim Personal Law Board |
| Formation | 10 December 2004 (2004-12-10) |
| Founder | Tauqeer Raza Khan |
| Founded at | Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh |
| Type | Religious |
| Headquarters | Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh |
| Region | India |
| Fields | Islam |
| Official language | English, Hindi, Urdu, Arabic, Persian |
| President | Tauqeer Raza Khan |


title: 1998 Heineken Cup final

abstract: The 1998 Heineken Cup Final was the final match of the 1997–98 Heineken Cup, the third season of Europe's top club rugby union competition. The match was played on 31 January 1998 at the Stade du Parc Lescure in Bordeaux. The match was contested by Bath of England and Brive of France. Bath won the match 19–18.

text:
# 1998 Heineken Cup final

The **1998 Heineken Cup Final** was the final match of the 1997–98 Heineken Cup, the third season of Europe's top club rugby union competition. The match was played on 31 January 1998 at the Stade du Parc Lescure in Bordeaux. The match was contested by Bath of England and Brive of France. Bath won the match 19–18.

## Match details

| Bath | 19  18 | Brive |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Try:** Callard
**Con:** Callard
**Pen:** Callard (4) | Report | **Pen:** Lamaison (5)
**Drop:** Penaud |

## InfoBox

1998 Heineken Cup Final
| Event | 1997–98 Heineken Cup |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Date | 31 January 1998 |
| Venue | Stade du Parc Lescure, Bordeaux |
| Referee | Jim Fleming (Scotland) |
| Attendance | 36,500 |
|


title: Arthur O'Neill

abstract: Arthur Edward Bruce O'Neill, was an Irish Ulster Unionist Party politician who was the first Member of Parliament to be killed in World War I.

text:
# Arthur O'Neill

**Arthur Edward Bruce O'Neill** (19 September 1876 – 6 November 1914), was an Irish Ulster Unionist Party politician who was the first Member of Parliament to be killed in World War I.

## Early life

O'Neill was the second but eldest surviving son of Edward O'Neill, 2nd Baron O'Neill, and his wife Lady Louisa Katherine Emma (née Cochrane). Hugh O'Neill, later Baron Rathcavan, was his younger brother.

## Career

### Military career

O'Neill joined the British Army as a second lieutenant in the 2nd Regiment of Life Guards on 26 May 1897, and was promoted to lieutenant on 15 June 1898. He saw active service in South Africa between 1899 and 1900, during the Second Boer War, for which he was awarded the Queen's South Africa Medal with three clasps. On 3 January 1902 he was promoted to captain, and temporary appointed adjutant to the 2nd Life Guards.

O'Neill fought in the First World War as a captain in "A" Squadron 2nd Life Guards. He was killed in action at Klein Zillebeke ridge on 6 November 1914, aged 38, the first MP to be killed in the conflict. He is commemorated on the Menin Gate in Ypres. O'Neill is also commemorated on Panel 8 of the Parliamentary War Memorial in Westminster Hall, one of 22 MPs that died during World War I to be named on that memorial. O'Neill is one of 19 MPs who fell in the war who are commemorated by heraldic shields in the Commons Chamber. A further act of commemoration came with the unveiling in 1932 of a manuscript-style illuminated book of remembrance for the House of Commons, which includes a short biographical account of the life and death of O'Neill.

### Political career

He was elected to the House of Commons for Mid-Antrim in January 1910, succeeding his uncle Robert Torrens O'Neill. His brother Hugh succeeded him as MP for Mid-Antrim.

## Personal life

O'Neill married, at St Paul's Church, Knightsbridge, on 21 January 1902, Lady Annabel Crewe-Milnes, daughter of Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe. The Archbishop of Armagh, Primate of All Ireland, performed the ceremony. Lady Annabel O'Neill later remarried and died in 1948.

O'Neill and his wife had five children; three boys and two girls. Their youngest child, Terence, was less than two months old at the time of his father's death. Their eldest son Shane succeeded his grandfather in the barony in 1928, while their third son Terence O'Neill was Prime Minister of Northern Ireland between 1963 and 1969.

Children:

## InfoBox

| The HonourableArthur O'Neill | |
| --- | --- |
| Arthur Edward Bruce O'Neill's portrait published in *The Bond of Sacrifice* (1917) | |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament
for Mid Antrim | |
| **In office**
January 1910  6 November 1914 | |
| Preceded by | Robert Torrens O'Neill |
| Succeeded by | Hugh O'Neill |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1876-09-19)19 September 1876 |
| Died | 6 November 1914(1914-11-06) (aged 38)
Klein Zillebeke, Belgium |
| Cause of death | Killed in action |
| Political party | Ulster Unionist |
| Children |  |
| Parent |  |
| Relatives | Hugh O'Neill (brother) |
|  | |


abstract: The women's discus throw at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Vienna, at the time part of German Reich, at Praterstadion on 18 September 1938.

text:
# 1938 European Athletics Championships – Women's discus throw

The **women's discus throw** at the 1938 European Athletics Championships was held in Vienna, at the time part of German Reich, at Praterstadion on 18 September 1938.

## Medalists

| **Gold** | Gisela Mauermayer
*Germany* |
| --- | --- |
| **Silver** | Hildegard Sommer
*Germany* |
| **Bronze** | Paula Mollenhauer
*Germany* |

## Results

### Final

18 September

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Gisela Mauermayer | Germany | 44.80 | CR |
|  | Hildegard Sommer | Germany | 40.95 |  |
|  | Paula Mollenhauer | Germany | 39.81 |  |
| 4 | Birgit Lundström | Sweden | 38.12 |  |
| 5 | Genowefa Cejzik | Poland | 36.51 |  |
| 6 | Gabre Gabric-Calvesi | Italy | 35.53 |  |
| 7 | Ans Niesink | Netherlands | 35.48 |  |
| 8 | Bevis Reid | Great Britain | 34.19 |  |
| 9 | Britta Awall | Sweden | 33.26 |  |
| 10 | Kathleen Dyer-Tilley | Great Britain | 33.18 |  |
| 11 | Ágnes Nadányi | Hungary | 31.08 |  |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 11 athletes from 7 countries participated in the event.

## InfoBox

| Women's discus throw
at the European Athletics Championships | |
| --- | --- |


title: 1998 Sunderland City Council election

abstract:
The 1998 Sunderland Council election took place on 7 May 1998 to elect members of Sunderland Metropolitan Borough Council in Tyne and Wear, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Labour Party stayed in overall control of the council. After the election, the composition of the council was:
  - Labour 68
  - Conservative 4
  - Liberal Democrat 2
  - Liberal 1

text:
# 1998 Sunderland City Council election

The **1998 Sunderland Council election** took place on 7 May 1998 to elect members of Sunderland Metropolitan Borough Council in Tyne and Wear, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Labour Party stayed in overall control of the council.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

## Election result

Overall turnout in the election was 18%.

Sunderland Local Election Result 1998
| Party | | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | 24 |  |  | +1 | 88.9 |  |  |  |
|  | Conservative | 2 |  |  | 0 | 7.4 |  |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | 1 |  |  | 0 | 3.7 |  |  |  |
|  | Independent | 0 |  |  | -1 | 0 |  |  |  |

| Preceded by
**1996 Sunderland City Council election** | **Sunderland City Council elections** | Succeeded by
**1999 Sunderland City Council election** |
| --- | --- | --- |


title: 1998 Supercopa de España

abstract: The 1998 Supercopa de España was a Spanish football competition, played over two legs on 18 August and 22 August 1998. It was contested by Mallorca, who were Spanish Cup runners-up in 1997–98, and Barcelona, who won the 1997–98 Spanish League as well as the 1997–98 Spanish Cup.

text:
# 1998 Supercopa de España

The **1998 Supercopa de España** was a Spanish football competition, played over two legs on 18 August and 22 August 1998. It was contested by Mallorca, who were Spanish Cup runners-up in 1997–98, and Barcelona, who won the 1997–98 Spanish League as well as the 1997–98 Spanish Cup.

## Match details

### First leg

| Mallorca | 2–1 | Barcelona |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Dani  57'<br>Stanković  81' | Report | Xavi  16' |

Lluís Sitjar, Palma de MallorcaAttendance: 12,000Referee: López Nieto

| GK **13**  Carlos Roa  RB **12**  Lauren  CB **5**  Marcelino  CB **4**  Gustavo Siviero  LB **3**  Miquel Soler  RM **10**  Ariel Ibagaza  CM **15**  Paco Soler ()  1'  CM **23**  Vicente Engonga  LM **11**  Jovan Stanković  CF **9**  Dani   87'  CF **24**  Ariel López   76'  **Substitutes:**  FW **22**  Leonardo Biagini   76'  DF **7**  Lluís Carreras   87'  **Manager:**  Héctor Cúper |  | GK **13**  Ruud Hesp  RB **2**  Michael Reiziger  CB **20**  Miguel Ángel Nadal ()  CB **22**  Samuel Okunowo  62'  67'  LB **24**  Roger  24'  46'  CM **26**  Xavi  CM **15**  Phillip Cocu  AM **10**  Giovanni  RF **21**  Luis Enrique  17'  CF **11**  Rivaldo  LF **23**  Boudewijn Zenden  75'  78'  **Substitutes:**  DF **12**  Sergi   46'  DF **5**  Abelardo   67'  FW **30**  Luis García   78'  **Manager:**  Louis van Gaal |
| --- | --- | --- |

### Second leg

| Barcelona | 0–1 | Mallorca |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Dani  29' |

Camp Nou, BarcelonaAttendance: 55,000Referee: Díaz Vega

| GK **13**  Ruud Hesp  RB **2**  Michael Reiziger  45'  CB **20**  Miguel Ángel Nadal  CB **22**  Samuel Okunowo   61'  LB **24**  Roger   46'  CM **21**  Luis Enrique  CM **15**  Phillip Cocu  AM **10**  Giovanni  81'  RF **7**  Luís Figo ()  CF **11**  Rivaldo  LF **23**  Boudewijn Zenden   46'  **Substitutes:**  DF **12**  Sergi   46'  MF **6**  Óscar   46'  MF **8**  Albert Celades  77'  61'  **Manager:**  Louis van Gaal |  | GK **13**  Carlos Roa  34'  RB **12**  Lauren  34'  CB **5**  Marcelino  CB **4**  Gustavo Siviero  LB **3**  Miquel Soler  RM **10**  Ariel Ibagaza  18'  67'  CM **15**  Paco Soler ()  42'  CM **23**  Vicente Engonga  LM **11**  Jovan Stanković  CF **9**  Dani   87'  CF **24**  Ariel López   57'  **Substitutes:**  FW **22**  Leonardo Biagini   57'  MF **16**  Óscar Arpón   67'  DF **7**  Lluís Carreras   87'  **Manager:**  Héctor Cúper |
| --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

1998 Supercopa de España
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| on aggregate | |
| First leg | |
|  | |
| Date | 18 August 1998 |
| Venue | Lluís Sitjar, Palma de Mallorca |
| Referee | Antonio Jesús López Nieto |
| Attendance | 12,000 |
| Second leg | |
|  | |
| Date | 22 August 1998 |
| Venue | Camp Nou, Barcelona |
| Referee | Manuel Díaz Vega |
| Attendance | 55,000 |
|


title: 1998 Supercoppa Italiana

abstract: The 1998 Supercoppa Italiana was a match contested by Juventus, the 1997–98 Serie A winner, and Lazio, the 1997–98 Coppa Italia winner. It was the fourth appearance for Juventus, whereas it was Lazio's first appearance, and first victory.

text:
# 1998 Supercoppa Italiana

The **1998 Supercoppa Italiana** was a match contested by Juventus, the 1997–98 Serie A winner, and Lazio, the 1997–98 Coppa Italia winner. It was the fourth appearance for Juventus (victories in 1995 and 1997), whereas it was Lazio's first appearance, and first victory.

## Match details

| Juventus | 1–2 | Lazio |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Del Piero  87' (pen.) | (Report) | Nedvěd  37' <br>Conceição  90+4' |

Stadio delle Alpi, TurinAttendance: 16,500Referee: Roberto Bettin

| **JUVENTUS:**   GK **1**  Angelo Peruzzi()  RB **15**  Alessandro Birindelli   60'  CB **19**  Igor Tudor  CB **13**  Mark Iuliano  LB **17**  Gianluca Pessotto  CM **20**  Alessio Tacchinardi   CM **14**  Didier Deschamps   46'  CM **26**  Edgar Davids   77'  AM **21**  Zinedine Zidane  CF **9**  Filippo Inzaghi  64'   CF **10**  Alessandro Del Piero  **Substitutes:**  GK **12**  Michelangelo Rampulla  DF **6**  Dimas Teixeira   77'  MF **5**  Fabio Pecchia  MF **7**  Angelo Di Livio   60'  MF **8**  Antonio Conte  MF **18**  Jocelyn Blanchard  FW **11**  Daniel Fonseca   46'  **Manager:**  Marcello Lippi |  | **LAZIO:**   GK **1**  Luca Marchegiani ()   RB **24**  Fernando Couto   77'  CB **6**  Giovanni López   CB **11**  Siniša Mihajlović   84'  LB **3**  Stefano Lombardi  RM **14**  Sérgio Conceição  CM **23**  Giorgio Venturin   CM **21**  Iván de la Peña  LM **18**  Pavel Nedvěd   55'  SS **10**  Roberto Mancini  CF **9**  Marcelo Salas  **Substitutes:**  GK **22**  Marco Ballotta  DF **17**  Guerino Gottardi   77'  MF **4**  Dario Marcolin   84'  MF **20**  Dejan Stanković   55'  MF **26**  Roberto Baronio  FW **7**  Roberto Rambaudi  FW **8**  Igor Protti  **Manager:**  Sven-Göran Eriksson |
| --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

1998 Supercoppa Italiana
| Event | Supercoppa Italiana |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Date | 29 August 1998 |
| Venue | Stadio delle Alpi, Turin |
| Referee | Roberto Bettin |
| Attendance | 16,500 |
|


title: 1998 Super League season

abstract: JJB Sports Super League III was the official name for the year 1998's Super League championship season, the 104th season of top-level professional rugby league football in Britain, and the third season played in summer. The League format changed in 1998, with a playoff series being used to determine the Super League Champions for th first time since the 1972–73 season. The team which finished on the top of the table were, from this season, awarded the League Leaders' Shield, with the inaugural honours going to Wigan. Huddersfield Giants, the league's bottom club was saved from relegation in 1998 due to the expansion of the league to fourteen teams in Super League IV. The season culminated in the grand final between Leeds Rhinos and Wigan Warriors, which Wigan won, claiming the 1998 Championship.

text:
# 1998 Super League season

JJB Sports **Super League III** was the official name for the year 1998's Super League championship season, the 104th season of top-level professional rugby league football in Britain, and the third season played in summer.

The League format changed in 1998, with a playoff series being used to determine the Super League Champions for th first time since the 1972–73 season.

The team which finished on the top of the table were, from this season, awarded the League Leaders' Shield, with the inaugural honours going to Wigan. Huddersfield Giants, the league's bottom club was saved from relegation in 1998 due to the expansion of the league to fourteen teams in Super League IV. The season culminated in the grand final between Leeds Rhinos and Wigan Warriors, which Wigan won, claiming the 1998 Championship.

## Notable events

### League affairs and broadcasting

The 1998 pre-season marked the departure of Rugby Football League chief executive Maurice Lindsay, who was asked to resign by RFL president Rodney Walker in early January. He was succeeded by his right-hand man, former deputy chief executive Neil Tunnicliffe. However, Lindsay immediately signed up for the position of managing director at Super League (Europe), the parent company of Super League. The deal brokered between the RFL and SLE for his transfer entailed the payment of Lindsay's salary by the RFL for two years, as well as the payment to SLE of about £500,000 previously earmarked for the defunct Paris Saint-Germain and Oldham clubs.

Lindsay's move which quickly followed by another row over which organization would represent Super League clubs in their negotiations with Sky for the sport's next television contract. The deal was eventually signed between Sky and Super League Europe, although it still required the approval of FASDA (the group representing the RFL's minor league clubs), who was offered the sum of £10.8 million by Sky in exchange for their approval. However, FASDA stalled deal in order to obtain assurances from SLE that the promotion system would be preserved, even as talks were underway with expansion teams in Gateshead and South Wales. Two weeks later, FASDA and SLE reached an agreement keeping promotion and relegation.

This paved the way for the signing of the new TV deal on 15 July. The total amount was £44 million over four years, plus a £1 million signing bonus for the Super League itself, and another £1 million to the RFL for the rights to select international matches not covered by main broadcasting contracts. With the new agreement secured, Rodney Walker, who had previously hinted at his resignation from the RFL due to recurring tensions within the organization and possible scheduling conflicts with his new job as chairman of the UK Sports Council, announced that he would likely reconsider, which he did. Meanwhile, towards the end of 1998, reports that Lindsay had started investing in betting booths at several racetracks all but confirmed the rumor that he was intent on leaving the sport of rugby league at the end of his two-year deal with SLE.

### Other

Despite FASDA rejecting a proposal to officially recognize farm team agreements at the end of the previous season, player call-ups continued unabated amidst several Super League clubs' decision to shut down their reserve teams. As a result, FASDA demanded in January that the number of players concerned by such arrangements be capped to three. In July, a committee headed by technical director Joe Lydon proposed to abolish transfer fees for players above the age of twenty-four.

## Teams

| Legend | |
| --- | --- |
|  | Reigning Champions |
|  | Challenge Cup Holders |
|  | Promoted |

|  | Team | Stadium | Capacity | City/Area |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Bradford Bulls | Odsal | 27,000 | Bradford, West Yorkshire |
|  | Castleford Tigers | Wheldon Road | 11,750 | Castleford, West Yorkshire |
|  | Halifax Blue Sox | Thrum Hall | 9,832 | Halifax, West Yorkshire |
|  | Huddersfield Giants | Galpharm Stadium | 24,500 | Huddersfield, West Yorkshire |
|  | Hull Sharks | The Boulevard | 10,500 | Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire |
|  | Leeds Rhinos | Headingley | 21,500 | Leeds, West Yorkshire |
|  | London Broncos | The Valley | 27,000 | Charlton, Greater London |
|  | Salford Reds | The Willows | 11,363 | Salford, Greater Manchester |
|  | Sheffield Eagles | Don Valley Stadium | 25,000 | Sheffield, South Yorkshire |
|  | St Helens | Knowsley Road | 17,500 | St Helens, Mersyside |
|  | Warrington Wolves | Wilderspool | 9,200 | Warrington, Cheshire |
|  | Wigan Warriors | Central Park | 18,000 | Wigan, Greater Manchester |

## Table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Wigan Warriors (L, C) | 23 | 21 | 0 | 2 | 762 | 222 | +540 | 42 | Semi Final |
| 2 | Leeds Rhinos | 23 | 19 | 0 | 4 | 662 | 369 | +293 | 38 | Qualifying Semi Final |
| 3 | Halifax Blue Sox | 23 | 18 | 0 | 5 | 658 | 390 | +268 | | 36 |
| 4 | St Helens | 23 | 14 | 1 | 8 | 673 | 459 | +214 | 29 | Elimination Semi Final |
| 5 | Bradford Bulls | 23 | 12 | 0 | 11 | 498 | 450 | +48 | | 24 |
| 6 | Castleford Tigers | 23 | 10 | 1 | 12 | 446 | 522 | 76 | 21 |  |
| 7 | London Broncos | 23 | 10 | 0 | 13 | 415 | 476 | 61 | | 20 |
| 8 | Sheffield Eagles | 23 | 8 | 2 | 13 | 495 | 541 | 46 | | 18 |
| 9 | Hull Sharks | 23 | 8 | 0 | 15 | 431 | 574 | 143 | | 16 |
| 10 | Warrington Wolves | 23 | 7 | 1 | 15 | 411 | 645 | 234 | | 15 |
| 11 | Salford Reds | 23 | 6 | 1 | 16 | 319 | 575 | 256 | | 13 |
| 12 | Huddersfield Giants | 23 | 2 | 0 | 21 | 288 | 825 | 537 | | 4 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Points difference; 3) Number of points scored;
(C) Champions; (L) League Leaders

## Play-offs

The top five clubs at the end of the 23-round regular season entered the play-offs to decide the championship.

The format was to have an elimination play off between the fourth and fifth teams (the fourth team gaining home advantage) and then have a qualifying play-off between the second and third placed teams (the second placed team gaining home advantage). The winner of the qualifier would play the team finishing first in the first semi final whilst the losing team got a second chance and played against the winner of the eliminating play off between fourth and fifth. The winner of the qualifying semi final would progress to the final of the Super League championship and the losing side would get another chance and play against the winning side of the elimination semi final.

|
|  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Qualifying play-off
4 October 1998 | | |  |  | Qualifying semi-final
11 October 1998 | | |  |  | Preliminary final | | |  |  | Grand Final
24 October 1998 | | |
|  | || | | | | | | | |
|  |  | | | | |  | | | | |  | | | | |  | | |
|  | || | | | | | |
|  | | 1 | **Wigan Warriors** | | | **17** |  | | | | | **Wigan Warriors** | | | | **10** |
|  | | | | | |  | | | | |  |  |  |  |
|  | |  |  |  | Leeds Rhinos | 4 |  |  |  | | |  |  | Leeds Rhinos | | 4 |
|  |  | | | | | |  | |  |  | | | |  | |
|  | 2 | **Leeds Rhinos** | **13** | | | | |  | | | | | **Leeds Rhinos** | | **44** |  | | |
|  | | | | |  |  | |  | | |  |  |  |
|  | 3 | Halifax Blue Sox | 6 |  |  | Elimination semi-final
9 October 1998 | | |  | |  | St. Helens | | 16 |  |  |
|  | | | |  |  | |  |  |  | | |  | |
|  | | | | | | |  | | | |  | | |  | | |
|  | | | | | | | ||
|  | | | | | | | |  | | | | Halifax Blue Sox | | 30 |
|  | |  |  | | | | |  |  | |
|  | 4 | **St. Helens** | **46** |  | | | |  | **St. Helens** | | | **37** |  |  |
|  | | | |  | | | | |  | |  |  |
|  | 5 | Bradford Bulls | | | | | | 24 |  | |  |  | | |
|  | | | |  |  | | |  |  | |  |  |

### Grand final

| Wigan Warriors | 10–4 | Leeds Rhinos |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Tries:** Robinson
**Goals:** Farrell (3) | Report
 | **Tries:** Blackmore |

## InfoBox

| Super League III | |
| --- | --- |
| League | Super League |
| Duration | 23 Rounds |
| Teams | 12 |
| Highest attendance | 19,188
Bradford Bulls vs Leeds Rhinos (12 April) |
| Lowest attendance | 2,014
London Broncos vs Huddersfield Giants (23 Aug) |
| Broadcast partners | Sky Sports |
| 1998 Season | |
| Champions | **Wigan Warriors**
1st Super League title
18th British title |
| League Leaders | Wigan Warriors |
| Man of Steel | Iestyn Harris |
| Top point-scorer(s) | Iestyn Harris (255) |
| Top try-scorer(s) | Anthony Sullivan (20) |
| New franchise | |
| Awarded to | Gateshead Thunder |
| Promotion and relegation | |
| Promoted from Division One | Hull Sharks
Huddersfield Giants |
|


title: 1934 Portsmouth North by-election

abstract: The 1934 Portsmouth North by-election was held on 19 February 1934. The by-election was held due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, Bertram Godfray. It was won by the Conservative candidate, Sir Roger Keyes. Keyes had had prominent career in the Royal Navy and held the rank of Admiral of the Fleet. Labour's candidate was E. T. Humby, "a retired schoolmaster" and tutor for the Workers' Educational Association. He was also involved in extramural education programmes with the University of Oxford and the Southampton University College. At the following year's general election Keyes again defeated Humby, increasing his majority to 11,454 votes.

text:
# 1934 Portsmouth North by-election

The **1934 Portsmouth North by-election** was held on 19 February 1934. The by-election was held due to the elevation to the peerage of the incumbent Conservative MP, Bertram Godfray. It was won by the Conservative candidate, Sir Roger Keyes. Keyes had had prominent career in the Royal Navy and held the rank of Admiral of the Fleet. Labour's candidate was E. T. Humby, "a retired schoolmaster" and tutor for the Workers' Educational Association. He was also involved in extramural education programmes with the University of Oxford and the Southampton University College.

Portsmouth North by-election, 1934
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Roger Keyes** | **17,582** | **59.6** | **−8.8** |
|  | Labour | Edward Thomas Humby | 11,904 | 40.4 | +8.8 |
| Majority | | | 5,678 | 19.2 | −17.6 |
| Turnout | | | -18.8 | 55.7 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

At the following year's general election Keyes again defeated Humby, increasing his majority to 11,454 votes.


title: Arthur Snowden (cricketer)

abstract: Arthur Owen Snowden was a teacher and an English amateur cricketer. He played in six first-class cricket matches between 1905 and 1912.

text:
# Arthur Snowden (cricketer)

**Arthur Owen Snowden** (7 May 1885 – 22 May 1964) was a teacher and an English amateur cricketer. He played in six first-class cricket matches between 1905 and 1912.

## Early life and education

Snowden was born at Broadstairs in Kent, the oldest child of Augusta and the Reverend Harcourt Snowden. His father ran Hildersham House school, a private school for boys in Broadstairs, and Snowden attended the school before moving to Rugby School aged 13. He played cricket for the school First XI between 1901 and 1903 and was captain in his final year. In October 1903 Snowden went up to Trinity College, Oxford, gaining a degree and, in 1910, a master's degree. He became a school teacher at Hildersham House.

## Cricket career

After playing successfully at school, Snowden made his first-class cricket debut in May 1905 for Oxford University against a Gentlemen of England side at the University Parks in Oxford. He played three first-class matches for the university in 1905 but was not awarded a Blue. After first appearing for the Kent County Cricket Club Second XI in 1908, he made three further first-class appearances in 1911 and 1912, once for Kent against the touring Indian side and twice for MCC. He played for Kent Second XI between 1911 and 1914 in the Minor Counties Championship but was generally restricted to playing cricket during school holidays by his job.

He played occasional matches for teams such as Old Rugbeians, Free Foresters and Band of Brothers until the 1930s. He was Kent's librarian towards the end of his life.

## War service

Snowden enlisted in the army in December 1915 as part of the Derby Scheme, initially as a Private in the Army Reserve. He passed a medical in December 1916 but was not posted until he was accepted into the Officer Training Corps in May 1918. He saw no active service and was demobilised in February 1919.

## Family and later life

Snowden married Molly Woodman at Pimlico in January 1913. The couple lived in Broadstairs where Snowden taught alongside his brother at Hildersham House. In 1915 his brother, Harcourt, was killed on active service in France and Snowden became Headmaster at the school. He died in May 1964 at his home in Canterbury aged 79.

## InfoBox

Arthur Snowden
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Arthur Owen Snowden |
| Born | (1885-05-07)7 May 1885
St Peters, Broadstairs, Kent |
| Died | 22 May 1964(1964-05-22) (aged 79)
Canterbury, Kent |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Left-arm medium |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1905 | Oxford University |
| 1911–1912 | MCC |
| 1911 | Kent |
|  | |
| FC debut | 22 May 1905 Oxford University v Gentlemen of England |
| Last FC | 1 May 1912 MCC v Nottinghamshire |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class  Matches 6  Runs scored 142  Batting average 14.20  100s/50s 0/1  Top score 54  Balls bowled 78  Wickets 0  Bowling average   5 wickets in innings   10 wickets in match   Best bowling   Catches/stumpings 2/– | |
|  | |
| Source: CricInfo, 7 March 2017 | |


title: Arthur Yolland

abstract: Arthur Battishill Yolland was an English literary scholar, tennis coach, footballer and international referee.

text:
# Arthur Yolland

**Arthur Battishill Yolland** (24 August 1874, Hoylake \- 12 November 1956, Budapest) was an English literary scholar, tennis coach, footballer and international referee.

## Life

His parents were John Yolland and Emma Pace. He was born in Hoylake, Merseyside, England on 24 August 1874. He attended Rossall School, Fleetwood, Lancashire between 1888 and 1893. He continued his studies at the University of Cambridge and in 1896 he earned a Bachelor's degree. In the same year, he was invited by Mihály Demeczky to become an English teacher at the József Ferenc Institute.

In 1898, he became a lecturer at the Budapest University. In 1914, he was appointed as the head of the Department of English. Between 1945 and 1947, he became the head of department once again.

In 1905, he obtained a Doctor of Philosophy degree at the Budapest University.

## Referee career

On 11 June 1903, he was appointed as the referee for the match between Hungary national football team and Austria national football team. The match was played at Margitsziget stadion in Budapest and ended with a 3-2 home win in front of 700 spectators.

## Major works in English language

He wrote more than 74 works during his lifetime.

* Yolland, A.B. (1906). *Shakespeare or Bacon?* Budapest
* Yolland, A.B. (1907). *The Constitutional Struggle of the Magyars*. London.
* Yolland, A.B. (1908). *The National Spirit in Hungarian Literature*. Cambridge, (Modern History. Vol. XI.)
* Yolland, A.B. (1908). *The Queen Elisabeth Memorial Museum*. Ford. Budapest.
* Yolland, A.B. (1908). *Education in Hungary*. Budapest.
* Yolland, A.B. (1917). *Hungary*. London

## InfoBox

| Arthur Battishill Yolland | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 24 August 1874
Hoylake, Merseyside, England |
| Died | 12 November 1956(1956-11-12) (aged 82)
Budapest, Hungary |
| Nationality | British, Hungarian |
| Occupation(s) | academic, referee |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | Rossal School
University of Cambridge
Budapest University (Eötvös Loránd University) |
|  | |


title: 1996 Caymanian general election

text:
# 1996 Caymanian general election

General elections were held in the Cayman Islands on 20 November 1996. The result was a victory for the ruling National Team, which won 9 of the 15 seats in the Legislative Assembly.

## Results

| Party | | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | National Team | 12,210 | 48.08 | 9 | –3 |
|  | Democratic Alliance | 5,067 | 19.95 | 2 | New |
|  | Team Cayman | 4,526 | 17.82 | 1 | New |
|  | Independents | 3,592 | 14.14 | 3 | 0 |
| Total | | 25,395 | 100.00 | 15 | 0 |
|  | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 8,872 | 99.32 |  | |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 61 | 0.68 |  | |
| Total votes | | 8,933 | 100.00 |  | |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 10,450 | 85.48 |  | |
| Source: Elections Today, Winter 1997 | | | | | |

## InfoBox

1996 Caymanian general election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  15 seats in the Legislative Assembly
8 seats needed for a majority | |
| Party Leader Vote % Seats +/–  National Team Truman Bodden 48.08 9 −3  Democratic Alliance Kurt Tibbetts 19.95 2 New  Team Cayman  17.82 1 New  Independent  14.14 3 0   This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.  Leader of Government Business before Leader of Government Business after  Truman Bodden
Independent Truman Bodden
Independent | |