title: 2007 Coventry City Council election

abstract: Elections for Coventry City Council were held on Thursday 3 May 2007. As the council is elected by thirds, one seat in each of the wards was up for election. The Labour Party gained two seats from the Conservative Party one seat from Socialist Alternative, and one seat from the Liberal Democrats. The Conservative party held overall control of the council.

text:
# 2007 Coventry City Council election

**Elections for Coventry City Council** were held on Thursday 3 May 2007. As the council is elected by thirds, one seat in each of the wards was up for election.

The Labour Party gained two seats (Foleshill and Wyken) from the Conservative Party one seat (St Michaels) from Socialist Alternative, and one seat (Upper Stoke) from the Liberal Democrats.

The Conservative party held overall control of the council.

## Election result

Coventry Local Election Result 2007
| Party | | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | 8 | 0 | 2 | -2 | 44.44 | 34.07 | 23,974 | -3.34% |
|  | Labour | 10 | 4 | 0 | +4 | 55.56 | 38.33 | 26,978 | +2.95 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | 0 | 0 | 1 | -1 | 0.00 | 10.19 | 7,168 | -4.45 |
|  | BNP | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 8.53 | 6,002 | N/A |
|  | Green | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 3.07 | 2,159 | N/A |
|  | Independent | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 2,111 | -2.07 |
|  | Socialist Alternative | 0 | 0 | 1 | -1 | 0.00 | 2.48 | 1,744 | -1.41 |
|  | Respect | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.22 | 156 | N/A |

## Council Composition

The composition of the council before and after the election can be found in the following table:

| Party | | Previous council | Staying councillors | Seats up for election | Election result | New council |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | 29 | 19 | 10 | 8 | 28 |
|  | Labour | 19 | 13 | 6 | 10 | 23 |
|  | Socialist Alternative | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
|  | BNP | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | Green | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | Independent | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | Respect | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| **Total** | | 54 | 36 | 18 | 18 | 54 |
|

## Ward results

Bablake ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | Brian Kelsey | 2,126 | 47.96 |  |
|  | Labour | Mal Mutton | 1,147 | 25.87 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Peter Simpson | 510 | 11.50 |  |
|  | BNP | Michele Jean Stone | 401 | 9.05 |  |
|  | Green | Gianluca Grimalda | 249 | 5.62 |  |
| Majority | | | 979 | 22.08 |  |
| Turnout | | | 4,433 | 37.70 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Binley and Willenhall ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | Ram Lakha | 1,733 | 46.39 |  |
|  | Conservative | Denise Beech | 1,010 | 27.03 |  |
|  | BNP | David Clarke | 561 | 15.02 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Geoffrey Brian Sewards | 306 | 8.19 |  |
|  | Green | Cathy Wattebot | 126 | 3.37 |  |
| Majority | | | 723 | 19.35 |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,736 | 32.40 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Cheylesmore ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | Kevin John Foster | 1,803 | 42.49 |  |
|  | Labour | Jean Jackson | 1,342 | 31.63 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Terence Kenny | 423 | 9.97 |  |
|  | BNP | Zoe Gale Hughes | 350 | 8.25 |  |
|  | Green | Bryn Tittle | 325 | 7.66 |  |
| Majority | | | 461 | 10.86 |  |
| Turnout | | | 4,243 | 36.40 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Earlsdon ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | Ken Taylor | 2,364 | 48.51 |  |
|  | Labour | Christopher Nicholas Youett | 1,241 | 25.46 |  |
|  | Green | Scott Gordon Redding | 652 | 13.38 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Vincent John McKee | 427 | 8.76 |  |
|  | BNP | Joanne Felvus-McCarron | 189 | 3.89 |  |
| Majority | | | 1,123 | 23.05 |  |
| Turnout | | | 4,873 | 41.96 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Foleshill ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | Abdul Salam Khan | 2,577 | 57.77 |  |
|  | Conservative | Mohammed Asif | 1,359 | 30.46 |  |
|  | Respect | Caron McKenna | 156 | 3.50 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Susan Jane Johnston-Wilder | 155 | 3.48 |  |
|  | BNP | Thomas Paul Jones | 105 | 2.35 |  |
|  | Green | Penny Walker | 92 | 2.06 |  |
|  | Independent | Andrew Murdoch | 17 | 0.38 |  |
| Majority | | | 1,218 | 27.30 |  |
| Turnout | | | 4,461 | 44.47 |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |

Henley ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | Lynnette Catherine Kelly | 1,672 | 49.39 |  |
|  | Conservative | Harbans Gumman | 910 | 26.88 |  |
|  | BNP | Mark Badrick | 422 | 12.47 |  |
|  | Socialist Alternative | Josie Kenny | 381 | 11.26 |  |
| Majority | | | 762 | 22.51 |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,385 | 27.86 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Holbrook ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | Joe Clifford | 1,673 | 48.66 |  |
|  | Conservative | Hazel Ann Reece | 833 | 24.23 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Dennis Herbert Jeffery | 481 | 13.99 |  |
|  | BNP | Simon Bien | 451 | 13.12 |  |
| Majority | | | 840 | 24.43 |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,438 | 29.67 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Longford ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | Linda Joyce Bigham | 2,073 | 56.78 |  |
|  | Conservative | Val Stone | 1.079 | 29.55 |  |
|  | BNP | Leisel Dawn Wagstaff | 286 | 7.83 |  |
|  | Green | Natalia Grana | 213 | 5.84 |  |
| Majority | | | 994 | 27.23 |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,651 | 29.23 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Lower Stoke ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | John Douglas McNicholas | 1,810 | 46.20 |  |
|  | Conservative | Jaswant Singh Birdi | 1,060 | 27.06 |  |
|  | Independent | Christine Margaret Oddy | 629 | 16.05 |  |
|  | BNP | Darren Thomas | 419 | 10.69 |  |
| Majority | | | 750 | 19.14 |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,918 | 33.39 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Radford ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | Tony Skipper | 1,663 | 51.17 |  |
|  | Conservative | Jane Marie Williams | 670 | 20.61 |  |
|  | BNP | Tracey Whitehouse | 359 | 11.05 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Peter Jonathon Johnston-Wilder | 282 | 8.68 |  |
|  | Green | Daniel Joseph Finnan | 144 | 4.43 |  |
|  | Independent | Dave Anderson | 132 | 4.06 |  |
| Majority | | | 993 | 30.55 |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,250 | 27.64 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Sherbourne ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | David Vincent Smith | 1,197 | 32.55 |  |
|  | Labour | Faye Sweet | 1,175 | 31.96 |  |
|  | Independent | Heather Rutter | 416 | 11.31 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Arthur Hugh Thomas | 392 | 10.66 |  |
|  | BNP | Justin Baldwin | 290 | 7.89 |  |
|  | Socialist Alternative | Jason Arnold Toynbee | 207 | 5.63 |  |
| Majority | | | 22 | 0.60 |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,677 | 31.39 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Heather Rutter was the former Conservative councillor for Sherbourne ward who stood as an independent after being deselected. The result of Conservative hold is a comparison to when this seat was last contested.

St Michael's ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | Jim O'Boyle | 1,240 | 43.43 |  |
|  | Socialist Alternative | Lindsay Margaret Currie | 1,156 | 40.49 |  |
|  | Conservative | Roger Bailey | 459 | 16.08 |  |
| Majority | | | 84 | 2.94 |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,855 | 25.57 |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Socialist Alternative | | Swing |  |  |

Upper Stoke ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | Raja Mohammed Asif | 1,620 | 38.05 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Russell David Field | 1,617 | 37.98 |  |
|  | Conservative | Brinder Kaur Seni | 521 | 12.24 |  |
|  | BNP | Robert James Gillon | 291 | 6.84 |  |
|  | Independent | Jack Gould | 208 | 4.30 |  |
|  | Independent | Jack Clement Kybird | 25 | 0.59 |  |
| Majority | | | 3 | 0.07 |  |
| Turnout | | | 4,257 | 35.60 |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Liberal Democrats | | Swing |  |  |

Wainbody ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | Tim Sawdon | 2,324 | 55.51 |  |
|  | Labour | Joe Ijoma | 981 | 23.43 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Napier Penlington | 524 | 12.51 |  |
|  | Green | Emma Biermann | 358 | 8.55 |  |
| Majority | | | 1,343 | 32.08 |  |
| Turnout | | | 4,187 | 35.30 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Westwood ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | Nigel Charles Lee | 1,426 | 38.10 |  |
|  | Labour | Peter Lacy | 1,326 | 35.43 |  |
|  | BNP | Davied Edward Clarke | 456 | 12.18 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Jacqueline Bridget Basu | 374 | 9.99 |  |
|  | Independent | Judi Lawson | 161 | 4.30 |  |
| Majority | | | 100 | 2.67 |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,743 | 32.20 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Whoberley ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | Kenneth Henry Charley | 1,370 | 35.14 |  |
|  | Labour | David Stuart Welsh | 1,243 | 31.88 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Brian Rees Lewis | 604 | 15.49 |  |
|  | Independent | Bill Brennan | 384 | 9.85 |  |
|  | BNP | Stephen John Pittaway | 298 | 7.64 |  |
| Majority | | | 127 | 3.26 |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,899 | 34.13 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Woodlands ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | Christian Michael Cliffe | 2,055 | 47.34 |  |
|  | Labour | Bilal Akhtar | 877 | 20.20 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Stephen Howarth | 719 | 16.56 |  |
|  | BNP | Julie Margaret Allen | 690 | 15.90 |  |
| Majority | | | 1,178 | 27.14 |  |
| Turnout | | | 4,341 | 35.91 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Wyken ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | Hazel Jean Sweet | 1,585 | 39.39 |  |
|  | Conservative | Allan Robert Andrews | 1,408 | 34.99 |  |
|  | BNP | Steven Turner | 434 | 10.78 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Sarah Jane McKenzie-Gill | 354 | 8.80 |  |
|  | Independent | Mick Noonan | 164 | 4.08 |  |
|  | Independent | Adrian Roll | 79 | 1.96 |  |
| Majority | | | 177 | 4.40 |  |
| Turnout | | | 4,024 | 33.81 |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |

Mick Noonan was the former Conservative councillor for Wyken ward who stood as an independent after being deselected. The result of Conservative hold is a comparison to when this seat was last contested.

* "Local election results 2007". *Coventry City Council*. 2007. Archived from the original on 7 January 2010. Retrieved 9 May 2008.


title: 2004 Palau Soccer League

abstract: The 2004 Palau Soccer League was the first season of association football competition in Palau. The league was won by Daewoo Ngatpang The league consisted of three rounds of matches, a play-off final and was named the Palau Soccer Association Local League.

text:
# 2004 Palau Soccer League

The **2004 Palau Soccer League** was the first season of association football competition in Palau. The league was won by Daewoo Ngatpang The league consisted of three rounds of matches, a play-off final and was named the Palau Soccer Association Local League.

## Teams

Four teams competed in this inaugural season of the Palau Soccer League. All matches were played at the PCC Track & Field Stadium in Koror, home stadium to all the teams. This was due to the lack of suitable venues for soccer matches in Palau. The teams for 2004 (listed in alphabetical order) were:

The location of the PCC Track & Field Stadium, where all games took place:

| Koror |
| --- |
| PCC Track & Field Stadium |
| 7°20′N 134°28′E / 7.333°N 134.467°E / 7.333; 134.467 (Palau National Stadium) |
| Capacity: **4,000** |
| Koror | |

## League stage

### Standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Daewoo Ngatpang (A) | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 4 | +2 | 7 | Qualification for Final |
| 2 | Mount Everest Nepal (A) | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 0 | | 4 |
| 3 | Palau Track and Field Team | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 3 |  |
| 4 | Team Bangladesh | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 2 | | 3 |

Updated to match(es) played on 18 Apr 2007. Source: rsssf.com
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
(A) Advance to a further round

### Results

The 2004 season was played in two stages: the first stage was a group in which all teams played each other once. The top two teams then qualified for a one legged final to determine the overall champion.

#### Week 1

| Daewoo Ngatpang | 3–2 | Team Bangladesh |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Unknown | Source | Unknown |

Palau Track and Field Stadium

| Mount Everest Nepal | 4–2 | Palau Track and Field Team |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Unknown | Source | Ililau
Ililau |

Palau Track and Field Stadium

#### Week 2

| Daewoo Ngatpang | 2–1 | Palau Track and Field Team |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mai
Mai | Source | Ililau |

Palau Track and Field Stadium

| Team Bangladesh | 2–0 | Mount Everest Nepal |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Kabir
Hat | Source |  |

Palau Track and Field Stadium

#### Week 3

| Daewoo Ngatpang | 1–1 | Mount Everest Nepal |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Unknown | Source | Besnet |

Palau Track and Field Stadium

| Team Bangladesh | 2–3 | Palau Track and Field Team |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Unknown | Source | Ililau
Unknown x2 |

Palau Track and Field Stadium

## Knockout stage

### Final

| Daewoo Ngatpang | 2–0 | Mount Everest Nepal |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Unknown | Source | Unknown |

Palau Track and Field Stadium

## Top scorers

| Rank | Scorer | Club | Goals |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Tony Ililau | Palau Track and Field Team | 4 |
| 2 | Mai Xuan Tan | Daewoo Ngatpang | 2 |
| 3 | Humayon Kabir | Team Bangladesh | 1 |
| | Shak Hat | Mount Everest Nepal | 1 |
| | Buddhi Besnet | Mount Everest Nepal | 1 |

## InfoBox

Palau Soccer League
| Season | 2004 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Daewoo Ngatpang |
| Relegated | None |
| Matches played | 7 |
| Goals scored | 25 (3.57 per match) |
| Top goalscorer | Tony Ililau, 4 |
| Biggest home win | Mount Everest Nepal 4–2 Palau Track and Field Team
Team Bangladesh 2–0 Mount Everest Nepal |
| Biggest away win | Team Bangladesh 2–3 Palau Track and Field Team |
| Highest scoring | Mount Everest Nepal 4–2 Palau Track and Field Team |
| ← None 2005 | |


title: 1988–89 WFA Cup

abstract: The 1988–89 Women's Football Association Cup was the nineteenth edition of the WFA Cup, the national women's football knockout competition in England. It was organised by the Women's Football Association (WFA). The Merseyside club Leasowe Pacific won the trophy in the 1989 WFA Cup Final – the match was played on 22 April, in the aftermath of the Hillsborough disaster the previous week. Three Leasowe players saw the tragedy at close hand, and the women's Final was nearly cancelled. The WFA Cup finalist clubs were Friends of Fulham, who had been the 1985 Cup-winners, and Leasowe Pacific, the runners-up of the 1988 Final against Doncaster Belles. The 1989 Final had a prominent broadcast on TV with "almost 2 million" viewers. The 1989 Cup was Leasowe Pacific's only title; the club later became Everton L.F.C.

text:
# 1988–89 WFA Cup

The **1988–89 Women's Football Association Cup** was the nineteenth edition of the WFA Cup (Women's FA Cup), the national women's football knockout competition in England. It was organised by the Women's Football Association (WFA).

The Merseyside club Leasowe Pacific won the trophy in the 1989 WFA Cup Final – the match was played on 22 April, in the aftermath of the Hillsborough disaster the previous week. Three Leasowe players saw the tragedy at close hand, and the women's Final was nearly cancelled.

The WFA Cup finalist clubs were Friends of Fulham, who had been the 1985 Cup-winners, and Leasowe Pacific, the runners-up of the 1988 Final against Doncaster Belles. The 1989 Final had a prominent broadcast on TV with "almost 2 million" viewers.

The 1989 Cup was Leasowe Pacific's only title; the club later became Everton L.F.C.

## Early rounds

The 1988 finalists, Leasowe and Doncaster Belles, were drawn together in the 1988–89 quarter-finals. This time, Leasowe defeated Doncaster, the champions of the previous two seasons, who were the strongest team in the women's Cup for many years. This defeat would remain Doncaster Belles' only WFA Cup loss outside of a Final between 1983 and 1994.

In the semi-finals, striker Louise Thomas scored a hat-trick for Leasowe against Nottingham Rangers, in a 3–0 win at Sincil Bank, Lincoln on 5 March. Friends of Fulham played their semi-final against Bronte L.F.C. on the same day at the same venue, a 3–0 win for Fulham.

## Hillsborough disaster

One week before the women's Cup Final was scheduled, the Hillsborough disaster caused the deaths of 94 Liverpool fans, ultimately 96, and caused injuries to 766, due to a fatal crush in the crowd at the men's FA Cup semi-final match on Saturday 15 April 1989.

Three of the Leasowe Pacific players were at the Hillsborough match, as regular Liverpool F.C. supporters, in the Leppings Lane End with their team manager's daughter. All four were uninjured. The women's League game the following day between Leasowe and St Helens was cancelled, "as a mark of respect for the Hillsborough victims".

After the traumatic events, Leasowe decided to participate in the women's Cup Final as scheduled, when given the choice of cancelling by the organisers and by Friends of Fulham. The Leasowe manager, Billy Jackson, who had played for the Liverpool junior team, said "I don't know whether we have \[made\] the right decision or not", adding that the general consensus in discussions favoured going ahead with the game.

At the women's Cup Final on 22 April, a minute's silence was observed and black armbands were worn. The day after the Final, the players of Leasowe laid a memorial wreath on the pitch at Anfield, accompanied by the Fulham team. They were not joined by Leasowe midfielder Cathy Gore, who had been at Hillsborough; Billy Jackson explained, "Cathy told us she could not go to Anfield again."

## Final

In the seventh minute, Janice Murray gave Leasowe the lead from a cross by Harper, but Hope Powell equalised a minute later, "with a crisp shot after a good move". Powell's second goal made the score 2–1 for Fulham at half-time, scoring from a "snap volley" that took a "wicked deflection".

In the second half, Fulham goalkeeper Theresa Wiseman saved to prevent goals by Louise Thomas and Maureen Mallon (Mo Marley), but Leasowe levelled the game at 2–2 when Louise Thomas scored after having several chances. Another goal, by Joy McQuiggan, made it 3–2 to Leasowe with fifteen minutes remaining. Friends of Fulham could have equalised again when Marieanne Spacey crossed to Libby Hughes, but Leasowe goalkeeper Stewart made a diving save, which ensured victory for Leasowe Pacific, 3–2.

Four players were singled out for praise in the *Liverpool Echo* match report:

> I imagine a good many sides would like to be able to call on a pair of strikers like Leasowe's Marie \[Maria\] Harper and Louise Thomas. The pair have scored nearly 100 goals between them this season \[...\] The ball control of players like Fulham's attacking midfielder Hope Powell and their brilliant centre-back Marieanne Spacey, who recently turned down an offer to play professionally in Italy, had such a knowledgable critic as former PFA secretary Cliff Lloyd applauding with enthusiasm.

The match was televised the next day on Channel Four, the first of five successive WFA Cup finals shown by the station. Julie Welch presented a one-hour program at 5:30pm on Sunday 23 April. Although the BBC had shown the WFA Cup before, this game was reportedly "the first to be televised specifically for highlights the following day".

### Match details

| Leasowe Pacific | 3–2 | Friends of Fulham |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Jan Murray  7'
Louise Thomas  ?'
Joy McQuiggan  75' |  | Hope Powell  8'  ?' |

Old Trafford, ManchesterAttendance: 941 **Note:** Louise Thomas is named as scorer explicitly in matchday reports; the second goal has also later been attributed to her team-mate Jill Thomas.

## Later developments

The winning goalscorer in the 1989 Final, Joy McQuiggan, went on to play in the 1994 FA Women's Cup Final for Knowsley United (now Liverpool) and played in the 1997 FA Women's Premier League Cup Final for Leasowe's inheritor club, Everton L.F.C.

Hope Powell has had a highly decorated career in football, and later won two Women's FA Cups. Leasowe player Mo Marley, later a FA WPL champion and England player and coach, managed Everton to victory in the 2009–10 FA Women's Cup.

FA historian David Barber said the 1989 match was the only women's football game at Old Trafford until 2012, although England drew 0–0 with Norway in UEFA Women's Euro 1991 qualifying before 435 fans on 2 September 1990.

## InfoBox

1988–89 WFA Cup
| Old Trafford, which hosted the 1989 Final | |
| --- | --- |
| Tournament details | |
| Country | England |
| Dates | 1988 –
April 1989 |
| Defending champions | Doncaster Belles |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Leasowe Pacific |
| Runner-up | Friends of Fulham |
|  | |


title: Aspronema

abstract: Aspronema is a genus of skinks.

text:
# Aspronema

***Aspronema*** is a genus of skinks.

## Species

The following 2 species, listed alphabetically by specific name, are recognized as being valid:

*Nota bene*: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than *Aspronema*. Both species are found in South America. Both species were previously placed in the genus Mabuya.

## InfoBox

| *Aspronema* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Paraguay mabuya (Aspronema dorsivittatum) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Scincidae |
| Subfamily: | Mabuyinae |
| Genus: | *Aspronema*<br>Hedges & Conn, 2012 |
|
| Species | |
| 2 sp., see text | |


abstract: The 1956/1957 News of the World Snooker Tournament was a professional snooker tournament sponsored by the News of the World. The tournament was won by John Pulman who all his 5 matches. Fred Davis finished in second place ahead of Jackie Rea. Both won 3 matches but Davis won more frames overall. The News of the World Snooker Tournament ran from 1949/50 to 1959.

text:
# 1956/1957 News of the World Snooker Tournament

The **1956/1957 News of the World Snooker Tournament** was a professional snooker tournament sponsored by the *News of the World*. The tournament was won by John Pulman who all his 5 matches. Fred Davis finished in second place ahead of Jackie Rea. Both won 3 matches but Davis won more frames overall. The News of the World Snooker Tournament ran from 1949/50 to 1959.

## Format

The 1956/57 event was a round-robin snooker tournament and was played from 22 October 1956 to 2 March 1957. Matches were played at various locations around the United Kingdom and also on Jersey. There were 6 competitors and a total of 15 matches. The competitors were the same as the previous year, Joe Davis, Fred Davis, Walter Donaldson, John Pulman, Jackie Rea and Rex Williams. Each match lasted three days and was the best of 37 frames except for one match played in Rochdale where there was only an evening session.

Each match was separately handicapped. Joe Davis gave Fred Davis a 10-point start each frame, Walter Donaldson 14, John Pulman 14, Jackie Rea 20 and Rex Williams 24. Fred Davis gave Walter Donaldson 10, John Pulman 10, Jackie Rea 14 and Rex Williams 17. Walter Donaldson gave John Pulman 10, Jackie Rea 12 and Rex Williams 14. John Pulman gave Jackie Rea 10 and Rex Williams 14. Jackie Rea gave Rex Williams 10 points.

## Results

After winning his first match 20–17, Joe Davis lost his remaining four matches 19–18 and finished in fifth place.

| Winner | Score | Loser | Date | Venue | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Joe Davis | 20–17 | Rex Williams | 22–24 October | Jersey |  |
| Jackie Rea | 19–18 | Joe Davis | 25–27 October | Jersey |  |
| John Pulman | 21–16 | Walter Donaldson | 29–31 October | Oldham |  |
| Fred Davis | 19–18 | Walter Donaldson | 5–7 November | Newcastle |  |
| John Pulman | 20–17 | Rex Williams | 8–10 November | Newcastle |  |
| Walter Donaldson | 19–18 | Joe Davis | 21–24,26–27 November | Rochdale |  |
| Fred Davis | 24–13 | Rex Williams | 26–28 November | Birmingham |  |
| Rex Williams | 24–13 | Walter Donaldson | 29 November–1 December | Birmingham |  |
| Jackie Rea | 21–16 | Walter Donaldson | 17–19 December | Burroughes Hall, London |  |
| John Pulman | 21–16 | Jackie Rea | 20–22 December | Burroughes Hall, London |  |
| Jackie Rea | 19–18 | Fred Davis | 21–23 January | Liverpool |  |
| John Pulman | 20–17 | Fred Davis | 11–13 February | Bolton |  |
| Rex Williams | 21–16 | Jackie Rea | 14–16 February | Bolton |  |
| John Pulman | 19–18 | Joe Davis | 25–27 February | Houldsworth Hall, Manchester |  |
| Fred Davis | 19–18 | Joe Davis | 28 February–2 March | Houldsworth Hall, Manchester |  |

**Table**

| Pos | Player | Pld | MW | FW | FL | Prize |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **John Pulman** | 5 | 5 | 101 | 84 | ? |
| 2 | Fred Davis | 5 | 3 | 97 | 88 | ? |
| 3 | Jackie Rea | 5 | 3 | 91 | 94 | ? |
| 4 | Rex Williams | 5 | 2 | 92 | 93 | ? |
| 5 | Joe Davis | 5 | 1 | 92 | 93 | ? |
| 6 | Walter Donaldson | 5 | 1 | 82 | 103 | ? |
|

The positions were determined firstly by the number of matches won (MW) and, in the event of a tie, the number of frames won (FW).

## Broadcasting

The BBC showed a short, 30 minute, TV programme of the final day of the final match from Houldsworth Hall, Manchester. The commentator was Sidney Smith.

## InfoBox

News of the World Tournament
| Tournament information | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 22 October 1956 – 2 March 1957 (1956-10-22 1957-03-02) |
| Venue | various |
| Format | Non-Ranking event |
| Total prize fund | £1500 |
| Final | |
| Champion | John Pulman |
| Runner-up | Fred Davis |
| 1955/56 1957/58 | |


title: Argument (disambiguation)

abstract: In logic and philosophy, an argument is an attempt to persuade someone of something, or give evidence or reasons for accepting a particular conclusion. Argument may also refer to:

text:
# Argument (disambiguation)

In logic and philosophy, an **argument** is an attempt to persuade someone of something, or give evidence or reasons for accepting a particular conclusion.

**Argument** may also refer to:

## Mathematics and computer science

## Language and rhetoric

* Argument (literature), a brief summary, often in prose, of a poem or section of a poem or other work
* Argument (linguistics), a phrase that appears in a syntactic relationship with the verb in a clause
* Oral argument in the United States, a spoken presentation to a judge or appellate court by a lawyer (or parties when representing themselves) of the legal reasons why they should prevail
* Closing argument, in law, the concluding statement of each party's counsel reiterating the important arguments in a court case

## Other uses


title: 1975 Norwegian First Division

abstract: The 1975 1. divisjon was the 31st completed season of top division football in Norway.

text:
# 1975 Norwegian First Division

The **1975 1. divisjon** was the 31st completed season of top division football in Norway.

## Overview

It was contested by 12 teams, and Viking FK won the championship, their fourth consecutive league title and their fifth top-flight title overall.

## Teams and locations

*Note: Table lists in alphabetical order.*

| Team | Ap. | Location | Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Brann | **23** | Bergen | Brann Stadion |
| Fredrikstad | **29** | Fredrikstad | Fredrikstad Stadion |
| Lillestrøm | **12** | Lillestrøm | Åråsen Stadion |
| Mjøndalen | **9** | Mjøndalen | Nedre Eiker Stadion |
| Molde | **4** | Molde | Molde Stadion |
| Os | **1** | Os, Hordaland | Kuventræ Stadion |
| Rosenborg | **13** | Trondheim | Lerkendal Stadion |
| Skeid | **28** | Oslo |  |
| Start | **8** | Kristiansand | Kristiansand Stadion |
| Strømsgodset | **10** | Drammen | Marienlyst Stadion |
| Vålerengen | **21** | Oslo | Bislett Stadion |
| Viking | **28** | Stavanger | Stavanger Stadion |

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Viking (C) | 22 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 38 | 20 | +18 | 30 | Qualification for the European Cup first round |
| 2 | Brann | 22 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 36 | 27 | +9 | 27 | Qualification for the UEFA Cup first round |
| 3 | Start | 22 | 11 | 5 | 6 | 29 | 20 | +9 | | 27 |
| 4 | Rosenborg | 22 | 11 | 5 | 6 | 36 | 28 | +8 | 27 |  |
| 5 | Strømsgodset | 22 | 10 | 4 | 8 | 39 | 27 | +12 | | 24 |
| 6 | Mjøndalen | 22 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 21 | 21 | 0 | | 24 |
| 7 | Lillestrøm | 22 | 10 | 3 | 9 | 27 | 20 | +7 | | 23 |
| 8 | Molde | 22 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 27 | 29 | 2 | | 22 |
| 9 | Fredrikstad | 22 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 31 | 35 | 4 | | 22 |
| 10 | Skeid (R) | 22 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 18 | 23 | 5 | 17 | Relegation to Second Division |
| 11 | Vålerengen (R) | 22 | 3 | 10 | 9 | 19 | 36 | 17 | | 16 |
| 12 | Os (R) | 22 | 0 | 5 | 17 | 15 | 50 | 35 | | 5 |

Source: NIFS
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (R) Relegated

## Results

| Home \ Away | BRA | FRE | LIL | MIF | MOL | OS | ROS | SKE | IKS | STM | VIK | VÅL |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Brann |  | 1–1 | 0–1 | 0–1 | 0–2 | 2–1 | 2–0 | 2–1 | 3–3 | 1–1 | 0–0 | 3–0 |
| Fredrikstad | 1–1 |  | 0–1 | 3–1 | 2–2 | 3–0 | 2–6 | 0–1 | 1–2 | 1–1 | 2–2 | 1–1 |
| Lillestrøm | 0–1 | 1–2 |  | 4–0 | 1–2 | 2–0 | 1–0 | 0–1 | 0–0 | 0–1 | 1–0 | 1–3 |
| Mjøndalen | 0–1 | 0–2 | 3–1 |  | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 0–2 | 0–0 | 2–2 |
| Molde | 1–3 | 0–2 | 1–2 | 0–2 |  | 1–0 | 1–0 | 0–1 | 1–1 | 2–2 | 2–1 | 0–0 |
| Os | 2–4 | 1–2 | 0–4 | 0–0 | 1–1 |  | 3–4 | 1–1 | 1–2 | 1–4 | 0–1 | 1–1 |
| Rosenborg | 2–2 | 2–1 | 1–0 | 1–1 | 3–2 | 1–0 |  | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 3–3 | 1–1 |
| Skeid | 1–1 | 1–2 | 0–3 | 0–0 | 2–2 | 0–0 | 0–1 |  | 0–0 | 3–1 | 0–1 | 0–0 |
| Start | 2–0 | 1–0 | 2–0 | 1–0 | 3–1 | 4–1 | 1–0 | 3–2 |  | 0–1 | 0–1 | 1–1 |
| Strømsgodset | 2–5 | 3–0 | 1–2 | 1–2 | 1–1 | 6–1 | 2–3 | 1–0 | 2–0 |  | 3–0 | 3–0 |
| Viking | 5–1 | 6–0 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–2 | 2–0 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 2–1 | 3–1 |  | 2–2 |
| Vålerengen | 0–3 | 1–3 | 1–1 | 0–3 | 0–2 | 3–1 | 2–2 | 0–3 | 0–2 | 1–0 | 0–1 |  |

Source: nifs.no (in Norwegian)
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.

## Season statistics

### Top scorer

### Attendances

| Pos | Team | Total | High | Low | Average | Change |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Brann | 139,246 | 14,966 | 8,968 | **12,659** | +26.2% |
| 2 | Viking | 115,151 | 13,889 | 7,039 | **10,468** | +1.8% |
| 3 | Rosenborg | 105,640 | 12,300 | 5,400 | **9,604** | +24.9% |
| 4 | Strømsgodset | 101,823 | 14,358 | 5,884 | **9,257** | +16.4% |
| 5 | Start | 79,453 | 16,516 | 3,225 | **7,223** | +3.8% |
| 6 | Lillestrøm | 66,727 | 9,800 | 3,550 | 6,066 | n/a2 |
| 7 | Vålerengen | 64,710 | 15,514 | 2,034 | **5,883** | −17.9% |
| 8 | Fredrikstad | 62,310 | 9,600 | 3,536 | 5,665 | n/a2 |
| 9 | Skeid | 48,014 | 8,256 | 1,183 | **4,365** | +13.4% |
| 10 | Molde | 41,854 | 5,200 | 2,669 | **3,805** | −28.1% |
| 11 | Mjøndalen | 37,173 | 6,350 | 1,250 | **3,379** | +31.1% |
| 12 | Os | 31,773 | 7,400 | 1,400 | 2,888 | n/a2 |
|  | League total | 893,874 | 16,516 | 1,183 | **6,772** | +21.1% |

Source: nifs.no
**Notes:**
2: Team played last season in 2. divisjon.

## InfoBox

1. divisjon
| Season | 1975 |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 27 April – 19 October |
| Champions | Viking
5th title |
| Relegated | Skeid
Vålerengen
Os |
| European Cup | Viking |
| UEFA Cup | Brann
Start |
| Matches played | 132 |
| Goals scored | 336 (2.55 per match) |
| Top goalscorer | Arne Dokken
(18 goals) |
| Biggest home win | Viking 6–0 Fredrikstad
(8 May 1975) |
| Biggest away win | Fredrikstad 2–6 Rosenborg
(28 July 1975) |
| Highest scoring | Fredrikstad 2–6 Rosenborg
(28 July 1975) |
| Longest winning run | Mjøndalen
(6 games) |
| Longest unbeaten run | Brann
(9 games) |
| Longest winless run | Os
(22 games) |
| Longest losing run | Os
(10 games) |
| Highest attendance | 16,516
Start 0–1 Viking
(31 August 1975) |
| Lowest attendance | 1,183
Skeid 2–2 Molde
(19 October 1975) |
| Average attendance | 6,772  17.8% |
| 1974 1976 | |


title: 2016 HappyBet Cup

abstract: The 2016 HappyBet Cup was a summer football friendly tournament organized by Alemannia Aachen, La Liga and Match IQ. It was hosted on 24 July 2016 by Alemannia Aachen at the New Tivoli in Aachen. Köln (Germany), Málaga (Spain) and Marseille (France) participated in the tournament along with the hosts, Alemannia. It was sponsored by HappyBet.

text:
# 2016 HappyBet Cup

The **2016 HappyBet Cup** was a summer football friendly tournament organized by Alemannia Aachen, La Liga and Match IQ. It was hosted on 24 July 2016 by Alemannia Aachen at the New Tivoli in Aachen. Köln (Germany), Málaga (Spain) and Marseille (France) participated in the tournament along with the hosts, Alemannia. It was sponsored by HappyBet.

## Overview

### Participants

| Nation | Team | Location | Confederation | League |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Germany | Alemannia Aachen | Aachen | UEFA | Regionalliga West (IV) |
| Germany | 1. FC Köln | Cologne | UEFA | Bundesliga |
| Spain | Málaga | Málaga | UEFA | La Liga |
| France | Marseille | Marseille | UEFA | Ligue 1 |

### Standings

All matches will last for just 45 minutes. If a match is level after normal time then a penalty shoot-out will decide who advances.

Bracket

### Matches

All matches lasted 45 minutes.

Semi-finals

| 1. FC Köln | 0–1 | Málaga |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Fornals  19' |

Tivoli, AachenReferee: Mitja Stegemann (Germany)

---

| Alemannia Aachen | 0–0 | Marseille |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |
| Penalties | | |
|  | 4–2 |  |

Tivoli, Aachen Third place play-off

| 1. FC Köln | 2–1 | Marseille |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Rolando  23' |

Tivoli, Aachen Final

| Málaga | 0–0 | Alemannia Aachen |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |
| Penalties | | |
|  | 3–4 |  |

Tivoli, AachenReferee: Mario Heller (Germany)

### Goalscorers

## Media coverage

## InfoBox

2016 HappyBet Cup
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Host country | Germany |
| Dates | 24 July |
| Teams | 4 (from 1 confederation) |
| Venue(s) | 1 (in 1 host city) |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Alemannia Aachen |
| Runners-up | Málaga CF |
| Third place | 1. FC Köln |
| Fourth place | Olympique de Marseille |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 4 |


title: 2007 Craven District Council election

abstract:
The 2007 Craven District Council election took place on 3 May 2007 to elect members of Craven District Council in North Yorkshire, England. One third of the council was up for election and the council stayed under no overall control. After the election, the composition of the council was
  - Conservative 13
  - Independent 11
  - Liberal Democrats 6

text:
# 2007 Craven District Council election

The **2007 Craven District Council election** took place on 3 May 2007 to elect members of Craven District Council in North Yorkshire, England. One third of the council was up for election and the council stayed under no overall control.

After the election, the composition of the council was

## Background

Before the election the council was run by an alliance between the 11 independents and the 6 Liberal Democrats, while the 13 Conservative councillors were in opposition. 10 seats were contested at the election with the Conservatives needing to make at least 2 gains to take control.

Candidates at the election included Conservative candidates in every ward, while there were no candidates from the Labour party. The British National Party meanwhile stood their first candidate in an election for Craven council in Skipton South.

## Election result

There was no change to the party balance on the council, after the Conservatives gained a seat from an independent, but also lost a seat to another independent candidate. The Conservative gain came in Skipton South, where they defeated the vice-chairman of the council, Mike Hill, while they lost Bentham to an independent by 5 votes after 3 recounts.

Craven local election result 2007
| Party | | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 50.0 | 38.4 | 4,149 | +8.1% |
|  | Conservative | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 40.0 | 45.1 | 4,866 | -0.3% |
|  | Liberal Democrats | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10.0 | 14.6 | 1,581 | -8.7% |
|  | BNP | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.9 | 200 | +1.9% |

## Ward results

Bentham
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | Lin Barrington | 686 | 50.2 | −7.4 |
|  | Conservative | Felicity Hey | 681 | 49.8 | +7.4 |
| Majority | | | 5 | 0.4 | −14.7 |
| Turnout | | | 1,367 | 46.5 | +5.2 |
|  | Independent **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |

Embsay with Eastby
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | Andy Quinn | 409 | 63.4 | −3.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | John Manley | 236 | 36.6 | +36.6 |
| Majority | | | 173 | 26.8 | −7.2 |
| Turnout | | | 645 | 45.7 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Gargrave and Malhamdale
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | David Crawford | 802 | 70.4 | +3.8 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Stephen Walpole | 337 | 29.6 | −3.8 |
| Majority | | | 465 | 40.8 | +7.6 |
| Turnout | | | 1,139 | 47.1 | −0.5 |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Glusburn
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | Graham Beck | 776 | 58.9 | −14.9 |
|  | Conservative | Jenny Wood | 541 | 41.1 | +14.9 |
| Majority | | | 235 | 17.8 | −29.8 |
| Turnout | | | 1,317 | 42.8 | +1.6 |
|  | Independent **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Skipton East
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | Christopher Harbron | 610 | 53.9 | +5.0 |
|  | Independent | Michael Hill | 521 | 46.1 | +46.1 |
| Majority | | | 89 | 7.9 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,131 | 40.5 | −11.5 |
|  | Conservative **gain** from Independent | | Swing |  |  |

Skipton North
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | Marcia Turner | 577 | 42.0 | +0.3 |
|  | Independent | John Kerwin-Davey | 418 | 30.4 | +5.9 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Andrew Rankine | 379 | 27.6 | −6.1 |
| Majority | | | 159 | 11.6 | +3.6 |
| Turnout | | | 1,374 | 50.0 | −9.7 |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Skipton South
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | Robert Heseltine | 659 | 66.3 | +49.3 |
|  | BNP | Gary Beresford | 200 | 20.1 | +20.1 |
|  | Conservative | Robert Firth | 135 | 13.6 | −6.4 |
| Majority | | | 459 | 46.2 |  |
| Turnout | | | 994 | 36.1 | −5.4 |
|  | Independent **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Skipton West
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Polly English | 629 | 61.9 | −3.4 |
|  | Conservative | Pamela Heseltine | 387 | 38.1 | +3.4 |
| Majority | | | 242 | 23.8 | −6.7 |
| Turnout | | | 1,016 | 35.4 | −7.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Sutton-in-Craven
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | Ken Hart | 687 | 64.9 | −1.1 |
|  | Conservative | David Harrison-Young | 372 | 35.1 | +1.1 |
| Majority | | | 315 | 29.7 | −2.4 |
| Turnout | | | 1,059 | 38.6 | −1.3 |
|  | Independent **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

West Craven
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | Robert Mason | 402 | 53.3 | +2.5 |
|  | Conservative | Terry Thorpe | 352 | 46.7 | −2.5 |
| Majority | | | 50 | 6.6 | +4.9 |
| Turnout | | | 754 | 50.6 |  |
|  | Independent **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

## By-elections between 2007 and 2008

A by-election was held in Cowling on 12 July 2007 after independent councillor John Alderson resigned from the council after moving away from the area. The seat was gained for the Conservatives by Jan Ackroyd with a majority of 215 votes over Craven Ratepayers' Action Group candidate Alan Perrow.

Cowling by-election 12 July 2007
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | Jan Ackroyd | 351 | 64.3 | +47.4 |
|  | Craven Ratepayers' Action Group | Alan Perrow | 136 | 24.9 | −13.2 |
|  | Independent | Peter Seward | 59 | 10.8 | −34.3 |
| Majority | | | 215 | 39.4 |  |
| Turnout | | | 546 | 31.2 | −18.9 |
|  | Conservative **gain** from Independent | | Swing |  |  |


title: 2012 Kashiwa Reysol season

abstract: The 2012 Kashiwa Reysol season is Kashiwa Reysol's second season in J. League Division 1 since 2009 and 40th overall in the Japanese top flight. It also includes the 2011 J. League Cup, and the 2011 Emperor's Cup.

text:
# 2012 Kashiwa Reysol season

The **2012 Kashiwa Reysol season** is Kashiwa Reysol's second season in J. League Division 1 since 2009 and 40th overall in the Japanese top flight. It also includes the 2011 J. League Cup, and the 2011 Emperor's Cup.

## Players

## Transfers

### Winter

### Summer

## Competitions

### Super Cup

| 3 March 2012 Final | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **2–1** | **F.C. Tokyo** | Tokyo |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:35 JST (UTC+9) | Jorge Wagner  26'
Barada  39'
Leandro Domingues  43' (pen.) | Summary | Hasegawa  65' | Stadium: National Olympic Stadium (Tokyo)
Attendance: 35,453
Referee:  Yuichi Nishimura |

### J. League

#### Results

| 11 March 2012 1 | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **3–3** | **Yokohama F. Marinos** | Kashiwa Hitachi Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sunday 14:04 | Sakai  3'
Tanaka  12'
Domingues  64' | Report | 7' Oguro
60' Saito
90+1' Taniguchi | Attendance: 13,082
Referee: Murakami |

| 17 March 2012 2 | **Urawa Red Diamonds** | **1–0** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Saitama Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Saturday 14:04 | Despotović  36' | Report |  | Attendance: 41,069
Referee: Tojo |

| 24 March 2012 3 | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **2–1** | **Shimizu S-Pulse** | Kashiwa Hitachi Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Saturday 19:04 | Masushima  81', 86' | Report | 38' Iwashita | Attendance: 12,209
Referee: Yoshida |

| 31 March 2012 4 | **Jubilo Iwata** | **1–0** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Yamaha Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Saturday 15:04 | Maeda  26' | Report |  | Attendance: 9,042
Referee: Nakamura |

| 7 April 2012 5 | **Consadole Sapporo** | **0–2** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Sapporo Dome |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 JST |  | Report | Kudo  33'
Tanaka  55'
Kondo  63'
Barada  90+3' | Attendance: 14,023
Referee:  Masaaki Iemoto |

| 14 April 2012 6 | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **2–3** | **Vegalta Sendai** | Kashiwa Hitachi Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:00 JST | Fujita  36'
Leandro Domingues  55', 66'  85'  88'
Sakai  80' | Report | Sugai  2'
Wilson  15'
Uemoto  34'
Ota  37'
Sekiguchi  56'
Akamine  78'
Uchiyama  90+3' | Attendance: 12,318
Referee:  Kenji Ogiya |

| 21 April 2012 7 | **Vissel Kobe** | **3–1** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Home's Stadium Kobe |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 JST | Nozawa  14'
Takagi  35'
Ōkubo  64'
Okui  78'
Ogawa  85'
Tashiro  90+1' | Report | Sawa  30'  41' | Attendance: 10,859
Referee:  Ryuji Sato |

| 28 April 2012 8 | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **1–1** | **Sagan Tosu** | Kashiwa Hitachi Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 JST | Kitajima  45+1'
Masushima  69' | Report | Tozin  1'
Kim Min-Woo  64'
Kobayashi  70'
Fujita  90+2' | Attendance: 10,351
Referee:  Hiroyuki Kimura |

| 27 June 2012 9 | **F.C. Tokyo** | **0–1** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Ajinomoto Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 JST | Yonemoto  54'
Kawano  89' | Report | Masushima  45+1'
Jorge Wagner  60' | Attendance: 25,813
Referee:  Nobutsugu Murakami |

| 6 May 2012 10 | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **2–5** | **Sanfrecce Hiroshima** | Kashiwa Hitachi Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 JST | Tanaka  61'
Ricardo Lobo  64'
Masushima  75'
Jorge Wagner  78' | Report | Satō  10', 47'
Mizumoto  40'
Ishihara  58'  90', 90+3'
Takahagi  85' | Attendance: 12,875
Referee:  Masaaki Iemoto |

| 12 May 2012 11 | **Kawasaki Frontale** | **0–2** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Todoroki Athletics Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 JST |  | Report | Hashimoto  57'
Kudo  63'
Tanaka  74'
Jorge Wagner  90+2' | Attendance: 16,054
Referee:  Itaru Hirose |

| 19 May 2012 12 | **Cerezo Osaka** | **1–2** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Kincho Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 JST | Kempes  36'
Fujimoto  85'
Ogihara  90+3' | Report | Leandro Domingues  63'
Tanaka  66' | Attendance: 19,643
Referee:  Yuichi Nishimura |

| 26 May 2012 13 | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **2–0** | **Albirex Niigata** | Kashiwa Hitachi Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:30 JST | Ishikawa  32' (o.g.)
Kondo  36'
Nasu  71'
Otani  84'
Sawa  86' | Report | Murakami  13'
Tanaka  16'
Yano  63' | Attendance: 12,931
Referee:  Futoshi Nakamura |

| 16 June 2012 14 | **Omiya Ardija** | **2–4** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | NACK5 Stadium Omiya |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 JST | Carlinhos Paraíba  10'  35'
Kikuchi  32'
Cho Young-Cheol  58'  61' | Report | Leandro Domingues  23'
Jorge Wagner  26'
Masushima  28'
Kudo  34', 47' | Attendance: 9,025
Referee:  Jumpei Iida |

| 23 June 2012 15 | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **1–1** | **Kashima Antlers** | Kashiwa Hitachi Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:30 JST | Jorge Wagner  16'
Leandro Domingues  60'
Kondo  90+4' (pen.) | Report | Iwamasa  12'
Ogasawara  50'
Shibasaki  61'
Dutra  89'
Nishi  90+3' | Attendance: 13,987
Referee:  Antonio Arias |

| 30 June 2012 16 | **Gamba Osaka** | **2–6** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Osaka Expo '70 Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 JST | Endō  35'
Sato  45+1'
Kurata  90+5' | Report | Sawa  3', 7', 68'  26'
Kudo  20'
Msushima  48'
Leandro Domingues  56'
Tanaka  90+2' | Attendance: 14,006
Referee:  Kenji Ogiya |

| 7 July 2012 17 | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **1–2** | **Nagoya Grampus** | Kashiwa Hitachi Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 JST | Leandro Domingues  17'  90+7'
Hashimoto  45+4'
Otani  56'
Kondo  90+5' | Report | Kennedy  9'
Córdoba  45+3'
Otani  63' (o.g.)
Narazaki  83'
Tanaka  86' | Attendance: 25,459
Referee:  Masaaki Iemoto |

| 14 July 2012 18 | **Shimizu S-Pulse** | **3–5** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Outsourcing Stadium Nihondaira |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:00 JST | Yoshida  30'  67'
Iwashita  32'  44'
Omae  37'
Takahara  53'
Brosque  63' | Report | Jorge Wagner  4'  66'
Barada  8'
Masushima  23'
Leandro Domingues  33' (pen.)
Kudo  75', 90+5'
Hashimoto  88'
Mizuno  90+2' | Attendance: 14,092
Referee:  Yuichi Nishimura |

| 28 July 2012 19 | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **4–1** | **Cerezo Osaka** | Kashiwa Hitachi Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 JST | Kudo  28', 41', 50'
Sawa  68' | Report | Fujimoto  21'
Kakitani  35'
Bando  39'
Funatsu  73' | Attendance: 11,844
Referee:  Yoshiro Imamura |

| 4 August 2012 20 | **Albirex Niigata** | **1–1** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Tohoku Electric Power Big Swan Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 JST | Bruno Lopes  29'
Homma  62'  69'
Yano  63'  69' | Report | Leandro Domingues  28'
Nasu  41'
Jorge Wagner  45'
Tanaka  77'
Hashimoto  89' | Attendance: 25,050
Referee:  Darren Deadman |

| 11 August 2012 21 | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **1–1** | **F.C. Tokyo** | Kashiwa Hitachi Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 JST | Fujita  10'
Leandro Domingues  44'
Jorge Wagner  67' | Report | Severino  11' (pen.)
Hasegawa  35'
Kaga  52'  72' | Attendance: 13,478
Referee:  Ryuji Sato |

| 18 August 2012 22 | **Vegalta Sendai** | **0–0** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Yurtec Stadium Sendai |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 JST | Matsushita  37' | Summary | Kudo  12' | Attendance: 17,715
Referee:  Hiroyoshi Takayama |

| 25 August 2012 23 | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **0–3** | **Júbilo Iwata** | Kashiwa Hitachi Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 JST | Kondo  18'
Jorge Wagner  44'
Masushima  55'
Sugeno  74'
Leandro Domingues  87' | Summary | Yamada  5'
Kobayashi  6'
Komano  28'
Fujita  68'
Maeda  78'
Chiyotanda  87' | Attendance: 13,248
Referee:  Kenji Ogiya |

| 1 September 2012 24 | **Nagoya Grampus** | **1–0** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Toyota Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 JST | Nagai  41'
Abe  51'
Tulio  69'
Tamada  79'
Daniel  88' | Summary | Watanabe  15'
Kurisawa  62' | Attendance: 14,193
Referee:  Kazuhiko Matsumura |

| 15 September 2012 25 | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **3–1** | **Consadole Sapporo** | Kashiwa Hitachi Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 | Otani  8'
Kudo  39'
Tanaka  90+4' | Summary | Uchimura  16'
Takaki  36'
Sakaki  81' | Attendance: 10,445
Referee:  Tomoya Maeda |

| 22 September 2012 26 | **Sagan Tosu** | **3–1** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Tosu Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 | Niwa  29'
Yeo Sung-Hye  43'
Fujita  45+1'
Kim Min-Woo  53'
Kobayashi  83' | Summary | Masushima  20'
Leandro Domingues  66'
Barada  90+2' | Attendance: 12,651
Referee:  Toshimitsu Yoshida |

| 29 September 2012 27 | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **1–2** | **Urawa Red Diamonds** | Kashiwa Hitachi Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 JST | Kondo  4'
Nagata  15' (o.g.)
Fujita  17' | Summary | Makino  32'
Umesaki  39'
Popó  90+3' | Attendance: 26,106
Referee:  Nobutsugu Murakami |

| 6 October 2012 28 | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **1–0** | **Kawasaki Frontale** | Kashiwa Hitachi Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 JST | Kurisawa  31'
Fujita  50'
Jorge Wagner  66'
Sugeno  87' | Summary | Oshima  16'
Saneto  43'
Renê Ferreira dos Santos  79' | Attendance: 10,769
Referee:  Minoru Tojo |

| 20 October 2012 29 | **Sanfrecce Hiroshima** | **1–2** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Hiroshima Big Arch |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 JST | Morisaki  52' | Summary | Kweon Han-Jin  21'  45+1'
An Yong-Hak  81'
Masushima  90+4' | Attendance: 24,839
Referee:  Jumpei Iida |

| 27 October 2012 30 | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **1–4** | **Omiya Ardija** | Kashiwa Hitachi Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 JST | Neto Baiano  90+4' | Summary | Ljubijankič  21', 47', 49'
Watanabe  79' | Attendance: 12,167
Referee:  Ryuji Sato |

| 7 November 2012 31 | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **2–2** | **Gamba Osaka** | Kashiwa Hitachi Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:00 JST | Kudo  12', 45' | Summary | Leandro  37', 90' | Attendance: 10,389
Referee:  Hajime Matsuo |

| 17 November 2012 32 | **Yokohama F. Marinos** | **1–2** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | International Stadium Yokohama |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:00 JST | Kondo  13' (o.g.) | Summary | Wagner  13'
Domingues  48' | Attendance: 22,647
Referee:  Futoshi Nakamura |

| 24 November 2012 33 | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **1–0** | **Vissel Kobe** | Kashiwa Hitachi Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:30 JST | Wagner  71' | Summary | Tanaka  23' | Attendance: 12,406
Referee:  Minoru Tojo |

| 1 December 2012 34 | **Kashima Antlers** | **2–0** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Kashima Soccer Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 JST | Osako  41', 68'
Cajá  74' | Summary | Domingues  48'  89' | Attendance: 19,141
Referee:  Kenji Ogiya |

#### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 4 | Yokohama F. Marinos | 34 | 13 | 14 | 7 | 44 | 33 | +11 | 53 |  |
| 5 | Sagan Tosu | 34 | 15 | 8 | 11 | 48 | 39 | +9 | | 53 |
| 6 | Kashiwa Reysol | 34 | 15 | 7 | 12 | 57 | 52 | +5 | 52 | Qualification to 2013 Champions League |
| 7 | Nagoya Grampus | 34 | 15 | 7 | 12 | 46 | 47 | 1 | 52 |  |
| 8 | Kawasaki Frontale | 34 | 14 | 8 | 12 | 51 | 50 | +1 | | 50 |

Updated to match(es) played on 1 December 2012. Source: J.League Division 1
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
Notes:

### J. League Cup

| 25 July 2012 Quarter-finals First Leg | **Gamba Osaka** | **1–3** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Osaka |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 JST | Konno  12'
Kurata  53'
Niwa  83' | Report | Kudo  47'
Kurisawa  60'
Leandro Domingues  76', 90+5'
Sawa  82'
Barada  90'
Sugeno  90+5' | Stadium: Osaka Expo '70 Stadium
Attendance: 7,083
Referee:  Toshimitsu Yoshida |

| 8 August 2012 Quarter-finals Second Leg | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **2–1**
(**5–2** agg.) | **Gamba Osaka** | Kashiwa |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 JST | Leandro Domingues  17'
Kudo  60' | Report | Sato  30'
Leandro  77' | Stadium: Hitachi Kashiwa Soccer Stadium
Attendance: 6,910
Referee:  Jumpei Iida |

| 5 September 2012 Semi-finals First Leg | **Kashima Antlers** | **3–2** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Kashima |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 | Osako  7', 69'
Aoki  29'
Renato Cajá  36'
Ogasawara  85' | Summary | Leandro Domingues  20'  62'
Barada  35'
Kurisawa  39'
Nasu  59' | Stadium: Kashima Soccer Stadium
Attendance: 9,115
Referee:  Hajime Matsuo |

| 13 October 2012 Second leg | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **2–2**
(**4–5** agg.) | **Kashima Antlers** | Kashiwa |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 | Jorge Wagner  37'
Barada  38'
Neto Baiano  90+4' | Summary | Dutra  12'
Osako  24' | Stadium: Hitachi Kashiwa Soccer Stadium
Attendance: 13,527
Referee:  Yuichi Nishimura |

### Emperor's Cup

| 8 September 2012 Round 2 | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **3–0** | **Kashiwa Reysol U-18** | Kashiwa, Chiba |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:00 JST | Leandro Domingues  14', 45+1'
Sawa  47' | Report |  | Stadium: Hitachi Kashiwa Soccer Stadium
Attendance: 4,712
Referee: Hiroyuki Kimura |

| 10 October 2012 Round 3 | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **2–1** | **Shonan Bellmare** | Kashiwa, Chiba |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:00 JST | Tanaka  30'
Neto Baiano  90+2' | Report | Otsuki  15' | Stadium: Hitachi Kashiwa Soccer Stadium
Attendance: 3,449
Referee: Tomohiro Inoue |

| 15 December 2012 Round 4 | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **1–0** | **Yokogawa Musashino** | Kashiwa, Chiba |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:00 JST | Tanaka  24' | Report |  | Stadium: Hitachi Kashiwa Soccer Stadium
Attendance: 5,298
Referee: Hiroyoshi Takayama |

| 23 December 2012 Quarterfinals | **Omiya Ardija** | **2–3** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Kumagaya |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:00 JST | Ueda  11'
Cho  23' | Summary | Sawa  59'
Masushima  83'
Kudo  90' | Stadium: Kumagaya Athletic Stadium
Attendance: 7,090
Referee: Yuichi Nishimura |

| 29 December 2012 Semifinals | **Yokohama F. Marinos** | **0–1** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Shinjuku |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 JST |  | Summary | Kudo  23' | Stadium: National Olympic Stadium
Attendance: 21,267
Referee: Kenji Ogiya |

| 1 January 2013 Final | **Gamba Osaka** | **0–1** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Shinjuku |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:05 JST |  | Summary | Watanabe  35' | Stadium: National Olympic Stadium
Attendance: 46,480
Referee: Toshimitsu Yoshida |

### AFC Champions League

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |  | GEG | KSR | JHM | BRU |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Guangzhou Evergrande | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 12 | 8 | +4 | 10 | Advance to knockout stage |  |  | 3–1 | 1–3 | 1–2 |
| 2 | Kashiwa Reysol | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 11 | 7 | +4 | | 10 |  | 0–0 |  | 5–1 | 1–0 |
| 3 | Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 10 | 15 | 5 | 9 |  |  | 1–5 | 0–2 |  | 3–2 |
| 4 | Buriram United | 6 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 8 | 11 | 3 | | 6 |  | 1–2 | 3–2 | 0–2 |  |

Source: WorldFootball.net
Notes: 1. Guangzhou Evergrande and Kashiwa Reysol are ranked by their head-to-head record (Guangzhou Evergrande: 4 pts; Kashiwa Reysol: 1 pt).

| 7 March 2012 Group stage | **Buriram United** | **3–2** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Buriram |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:30 UTC+07:00 | Jirawat  10', 77'
Jadigerov  38' | Report | Tanaka  55'
Sakai  64' | Stadium: Buriram Stadium
Attendance: 15,089
Referee:  Ravshan Irmatov |

| 21 March 2012 Group stage | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **5–1** | **Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors** | Kashiwa |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:00 UTC+09:00 | Nasu  40'
Leandro Domingues  45' (pen.)  45+2'
Tanaka  89'
Barada  90+3' | Report | Jin Kyung-Sun  45'
Huang Bowen  51'
Jung Hoon  54'
Park Won-Jae  64'
Choi Chul-Soon  85' | Stadium: Hitachi Kashiwa Soccer Stadium
Attendance: 8,175
Referee:  Peter Green |

| 4 April 2012 Group stage | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **0–0** | **Guangzhou Evergrande** | Kashiwa |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:00 UTC+09:00 | Fukui  14'
Kurisawa  64' | Report |  | Stadium: Hitachi Kashiwa Soccer Stadium
Attendance: 8,787
Referee:  Ali Hamad Madhad Saif Al Badwawi |

| 17 April 2012 Group stage | **Guangzhou Evergrande** | **3–1** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Guangzhou |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:30 UTC+08:00 | Qin Sheng  8'
Conca  28' (pen.)
Zhao Xuri  54'
Muriqui  57', 84' | Report | Watanabe  28'
Sakai  50'  74' | Stadium: Tianhe Stadium
Attendance: 40,000
Referee:  Abdulrahman Abdou |

| 1 May 2012 Group stage | **Kashiwa Reysol** | **1–0** | **Buriram United** | Kashiwa |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:00 UTC+09:00 | Ricardo Lobo  15'
Leandro Domingues  23'  23' | report | Ekwalla  4'  41'
Chalermpong Kerdkaew  90' | Stadium: Hitachi Kashiwa Soccer Stadium
Attendance: 8,099
Referee:  Khalil Al Ghamdi |

| 15 May 2012 Group stage | **Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors** | **0–2** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Jeonju |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:00 UTC+09:00 | Jin Kyung-Sun  53'
Park Won-Jae  75' | Report | Leandro Domingues  49'
Tanaka  62'
Otani  67'
Masushima  90+2' | Stadium: Jeonju World Cup Stadium
Attendance: 11,459
Referee:  Ali Abdulnabi |

#### Knockout stages

| 30 May 2012 Last 16 | **Ulsan Hyundai** | **3–2** | **Kashiwa Reysol** | Ulsan |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:30 | Kim Shin-Wook  55'  59'
Kondo  72' (o.g.)
Lee Keun-Ho  89' | Report | Sakai  21'
Leandro Domingues  61'  68'
Tanaka  90+2' | Stadium: Big Crown
Attendance: 14,341
Referee:  Mohamed Abdelkarim Mohamed Ismail Al Zarouni |

## Squad statistics

### Appearances and goals

| No. | Pos | Nat | Player | Total | | J-League | | J-League Cup | | Emperor's Cup | | Champions League | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| 3 | DF | JPN | Naoya Kondo | 41 | 2 | 26+2 | 2 | 4+0 | 0 | 5+0 | 0 | 4+0 | 0 |
| 5 | DF | JPN | Tatsuya Masushima | 46 | 5 | 30+0 | 4 | 3+1 | 0 | 5+0 | 1 | 7+0 | 0 |
| 6 | DF | JPN | Daisuke Nasu | 34 | 1 | 20+3 | 0 | 3+0 | 0 | 5+0 | 0 | 3+0 | 1 |
| 7 | MF | JPN | Hidekazu Otani | 47 | 1 | 30+1 | 1 | 4+0 | 0 | 6+0 | 0 | 6+0 | 0 |
| 8 | FW | JPN | Masakatsu Sawa | 38 | 8 | 14+12 | 6 | 2+1 | 0 | 3+3 | 2 | 0+3 | 0 |
| 10 | MF | BRA | Leandro Domingues | 40 | 21 | 28+0 | 10 | 3+0 | 4 | 2+0 | 2 | 7+0 | 5 |
| 11 | FW | BRA | Neto Baiano | 15 | 3 | 3+8 | 1 | 0+2 | 1 | 1+1 | 1 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 14 | DF | KOR | Kweon Han-Jin | 4 | 1 | 3+1 | 1 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 15 | MF | BRA | Jorge Wagner | 48 | 9 | 31+2 | 8 | 3+0 | 1 | 5+0 | 0 | 7+0 | 0 |
| 16 | GK | JPN | Koji Inada | 5 | 0 | 4+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 1+0 | 0 |
| 17 | MF | PRK | Ahn Young-Hak | 10 | 0 | 2+4 | 0 | 0+1 | 0 | 0+1 | 0 | 1+1 | 0 |
| 18 | MF | JPN | Junya Tanaka | 45 | 11 | 18+12 | 5 | 1+2 | 0 | 3+3 | 2 | 5+1 | 4 |
| 19 | FW | JPN | Masato Kudo | 48 | 17 | 27+6 | 13 | 4+0 | 2 | 5+0 | 2 | 4+2 | 0 |
| 20 | MF | JPN | Akimi Barada | 43 | 2 | 19+10 | 0 | 2+2 | 1 | 4+0 | 0 | 4+2 | 1 |
| 21 | GK | JPN | Takanori Sugeno | 46 | 0 | 30+0 | 0 | 4+0 | 0 | 6+0 | 0 | 6+0 | 0 |
| 22 | DF | JPN | Wataru Hashimoto | 37 | 1 | 25+0 | 1 | 3+1 | 0 | 5+0 | 0 | 3+0 | 0 |
| 23 | DF | JPN | Hirofumi Watanabe | 10 | 0 | 3+2 | 0 | 1+0 | 0 | 1+1 | 0 | 2+0 | 0 |
| 26 | DF | JPN | Ryoji Fukui | 4 | 0 | 2+1 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 1+0 | 0 |
| 27 | DF | JPN | Masato Fujita | 22 | 0 | 12+2 | 0 | 2+1 | 0 | 3+1 | 0 | 1+0 | 0 |
| 28 | MF | JPN | Ryoichi Kurisawa | 37 | 0 | 21+5 | 0 | 3+0 | 0 | 3+1 | 0 | 4+0 | 0 |
| 29 | MF | JPN | Koki Mizuno | 21 | 1 | 4+10 | 1 | 2+0 | 0 | 2+2 | 0 | 0+1 | 0 |
| 30 | FW | JPN | Ryosuke Yamanaka | 2 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 2+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| *Players who appeared for Kashiwa Reysol that left on loan during the season:* | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 9 | FW | JPN | Hideaki Kitajima | 6 | 1 | 3+1 | 1 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 2+0 | 0 |
| 11 | FW | JPN | Ryohei Hayashi | 6 | 0 | 0+4 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+2 | 0 |
| 25 | FW | BRA | Ricardo Lobo | 12 | 0 | 4+3 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 2+3 | 0 |
| *Players who appeared for Kashiwa Reysol that left during the season:* | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 4 | DF | JPN | Hiroki Sakai | 22 | 3 | 15+0 | 1 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 7+0 | 2 |

### Top scorers

| Place | Position | Nation | Number | Name | J-League | J-League Cup | Emperor's Cup | Champions League | Super Cup | **Total** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | FW |  | 10 | Leandro Domingues | 10 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 22 |
| 2 | FW |  | 19 | Masato Kudo | 13 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
| 3 | MF |  | 18 | Junya Tanaka | 5 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 11 |
| 4 | MF |  | 15 | Jorge Wagner | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10 |
| 5 | FW |  | 8 | Masakatsu Sawa | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
| 6 | DF |  | 5 | Tatsuya Masushima | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| 7 | DF |  | 3 | Naoya Kondo | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| | DF |  | 4 | Hiroki Sakai | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| | FW |  | 11 | Neto Baiano | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| 10 | MF |  | 20 | Akimi Barada | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| |  | | | Own Goal | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 12 | FW |  | 9 | Hideaki Kitajima | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | DF |  | 22 | Wataru Hashimoto | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | MF |  | 29 | Koki Mizuno | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | MF |  | 7 | Hidekazu Otani | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | DF |  | 14 | Kweon Han-Jin | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | DF |  | 23 | Hirofumi Watanabe | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | DF |  | 6 | Daisuke Nasu | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
|  | | | | **TOTALS** | 57 | 9 | 11 | 13 | 2 | **92** |

### Disciplinary record

| **Number** | **Nation** | **Position** | **Name** | **J-League** | | **J. League Cup** | | **Emperor's Cup** | | **Champions League** | | **Total** | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 |  | DF | Naoya Kondo | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| 4 |  | DF | Hiroki Sakai | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| 5 |  | DF | Tatsuya Masushima | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| 6 |  | DF | Daisuke Nasu | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| 7 |  | MF | Hidekazu Otani | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| 8 |  | FW | Masakatsu Sawa | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| 10 |  | MF | Leandro Domingues | 9 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 2 |
| 11 |  | FW | Neto Baiano | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| 14 |  | DF | Kweon Han-Jin | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 15 |  | MF | Jorge Wagner | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
| 17 |  | MF | Ahn Young-Hak | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| 18 |  | MF | Junya Tanaka | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| 19 |  | FW | Masato Kudo | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| 20 |  | MF | Akimi Barada | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| 21 |  | GK | Takanori Sugeno | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| 22 |  | DF | Wataru Hashimoto | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| 23 |  | DF | Hirofumi Watanabe | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 25 |  | FW | Ricardo Lobo | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| 26 |  | DF | Ryoji Fukui | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 27 |  | DF | Masato Fujita | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| 28 |  | MF | Ryoichi Kurisawa | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| 30 |  | FW | Ryosuke Yamanaka | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
|  | | | **TOTALS** | **76** | **4** | **8** | **0** | **14** | **0** | **11** | **0** | **109** | **4** |

1. http://www.j-league.or.jp/data/view.php?d=j1f&t=result&s=01&y=2012&l=E

## InfoBox

Kashiwa Reysol
| 2011 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Chairman | Shigeyuki Onoder |
| Manager | Nelsinho Baptista |
| J. League Division 1 | 6th |
| Emperor's Cup | Champions |
| J. League Cup | Semi-final vs Kashima Antlers |
| AFC Champions League | Last 16 vs Ulsan Hyundai |
| Top goalscorer | League: Masato Kudo (13)
All: Leandro Domingues (22) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Aspronema dorsivittatum

abstract: The Paraguay mabuya is a species of skink found in Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina, Brazil, and Bolivia.

text:
# Aspronema dorsivittatum

The **Paraguay mabuya** (***Aspronema dorsivittatum***) is a species of skink found in Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina, Brazil, and Bolivia.

## InfoBox

| *Aspronema dorsivittatum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Scincidae |
| Genus: | *Aspronema* |
| Species: | ***A. dorsivittatum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aspronema dorsivittatum***
(Cope, 1862) | |
|


title: Asura aurantiaca

abstract: Asura aurantiaca is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in India.

text:
# Asura aurantiaca

***Asura aurantiaca*** is a moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in India.

## InfoBox

| *Asura aurantiaca* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Asura* |
| Species: | ***A. aurantiaca*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Asura aurantiaca***<br>(Moore, 1878) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Setinochora aurantiaca* Moore, 1878 * *Asura rufotincta* Rothschild | |


title: Antonov A-1

abstract: A-1 is a single-seat training glider produced in the Soviet Union in the 1930s and 1940s. The glider also produced in Turkey by THK and MKE, and in Finland by PIK and some other manufacturers.

text:
# Antonov A-1

**A-1** (aka **Antonov A-1**) is a single-seat training glider produced in the Soviet Union in the 1930s and 1940s. The glider also produced in Turkey by THK and MKE, and in Finland by PIK and some other manufacturers.

## Development

A-1 design derived from the **Standard-2** (Стандарт-2), designed and flown by Oleg Konstantinovich Antonov in 1930, which in turn was derived from the **Standard-1**. They were produced in large numbers, with around 5,400 built of the U-s3, U-s4 and P-s2 major versions alone. The same design formed the basis for the Antonov A-2 and its related group of two-seat designs. Altogether, including the two-seaters, production exceeded 7,600 by 1937.

While members of the family varied in detail, they shared the same basic design, and parts were interchangeable between them. The design featured a typical primary glider layout with a conventional empennage carried at the end of a long boom in place of a conventional fuselage. The boom could be folded sideways for storage. The monoplane wing was carried high on a pylon above this "keel" and was further braced to it with two struts on either side. The pilot sat in front of the wing, and was enclosed in a simple U-shaped wooden fairing that was removed by sliding it forward to allow him or her to enter and leave the aircraft. The undercarriage consisted of a single skid underneath the "keel", but this could also be fitted with small wooden wheels.

While the original primary training versions (designated У, 'U') featured wings of constant chord, subsequent variants designed for soaring flight (designated П, 'P') had longer-span wings with tapering outer panels and a streamlined nose fairing. The ultimate development in the line were gliders intended for towed flight (designated Б, 'B), which shared the longer wings and streamlined fairing of the P-types, but added a canopy to enclose the cockpit.

Unlicensed (Licensed, according to some other sources) copies of A-1 and A-2 were produced in Turkey following World War II by Kayseri Tayyare Fabrikasi using reverse engineering of Ps-4:

> In order to become self-sufficient and because of increasing, import requirements for gliders in Turkey, their domestic production was established. Therefore, one copy of each aircraft model procured from the USSR were divided, each part was measured, and technical drawings were made. Subsequently the aircraft were copied. This practice of construction (reverse engineering) was also used later by Nuri Demirag, by the Turkish Aeronautical Association (THK) and by the Mechanical and Chemical Industries Corporation (MKEK).
>
> Tuncay Deniz, Kayseri Tayyare Fabrikasi (KTF), http://www.tuncay-deniz.com/ENGLISH/KTF/ktf.html

Kayseri Tayyare Fabrikasi produced at least 11 copies of Ps-4. THK and Makina ve Kimya Endüstrisi Kurumu (MKE, MKEK) produced dozens of the **THK-4** (A-1, U-s4), **THK-7** (A-2, P-s2) and **MKEK-6** (A-2, P-s2), which was used for Turkish military pilots training.

During the Winter War, Finns captured few gliders and drawings of Ps-4 in Äänislinna, which then used by Polyteknikkojen Ilmailukerho to produce its clones and modifications under the names of Harakka I and Harakka II (aka PIK-7, an improved variant of Harakka I) for Finnish pilots training and research purposes.

## Variants

In each case, the "s" stands for *serii* (серии: 'series')

### Prototypes

Standard-1 (Стандарт-1) Standard-2 (Стандарт-2)

### Trainers

*Uchebnyi* (Учебный, 'Trainer')

U-s1 (У-с1) U-s2 (У-с2) (First version built in series) U-s3 (У-с3) (1,600 built) U-s4 (У-с4) (Redesignated A-1, major production version. 3000 built)

### Sailplanes

*Paritel* (Паритель, 'Sailplane'), also *Upar* (Упар, portmanteau of учебный паритель, *uchebnyi paritel*, 'training sailplane') (800 built)

P-s1 (П-с1) P-s2 (П-с2)

### Towed

*Buksirovochnye* (Буксировочные, 'Towed') (265 built by 1937)

B-s3 (Б-с3) B-s4 (Б-с4) B-s5 (Б-с5)

## Specifications (A-1)

*Data from* Krasil'shchikov 1991, 230

**General characteristics**

* **Crew:** one pilot
* **Length:** 5.60 m (18 ft 5 in)
* **Wingspan:** 10.56 m (34 ft 8 in)
* **Height:** 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in)
* **Wing area:** 15.6 m2 (168 sq ft)
* **Empty weight:** 92 kg (200 lb)
* **Gross weight:** 164 kg (361 lb)

**Performance**

* **Maximum speed:** 70 km/h (40 mph, 35 kn)
* **Rate of sink:** 1.2 m/s (240 ft/min)

* "Antonov Oleg Konstantinovich". *Central Museum of the Air Force website*. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
* Deniz, Tuncay (2004). *Turkish Aircraft Production*. Munich: Levent Başara.
* Krasil'shchikov, Aleksandr Petrovich (1991). *Planery SSSR (Gliders of the USSR)*. Moscow: Moskva Mashinostroyeniye.
* Sheremetev, Boris Nikolayevich (1959). *Planery (Gliders)*. Moscow: DOSAAF.
* Shushurin, V.V. (1938). *Atlas konstruktzii planerov (Directory of glider construction)*. Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo oboronnoi promyshlennosti.

## InfoBox

| A-1 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Role | Training glider |
| National origin | USSR |
| Designer | Oleg Konstantinovich Antonov |
| First flight | 1930 |
| Number built | ca. 5,700 |


title: Argument (linguistics)

abstract: In linguistics, an argument is an expression that helps complete the meaning of a predicate, the latter referring in this context to a main verb and its auxiliaries. In this regard, the complement is a closely related concept. Most predicates take one, two, or three arguments. A predicate and its arguments form a predicate-argument structure. The discussion of predicates and arguments is associated most with (content) verbs and noun phrases (NPs), although other syntactic categories can also be construed as predicates and as arguments. Arguments must be distinguished from adjuncts. While a predicate needs its arguments to complete its meaning, the adjuncts that appear with a predicate are optional; they are not necessary to complete the meaning of the predicate. Most theories of syntax and semantics acknowledge arguments and adjuncts, although the terminology varies, and the distinction is generally believed to exist in all languages. Dependency grammars sometimes call arguments actants, following Lucien Tesnière (1959). The area of grammar that explores the nature of predicates, their arguments, and adjuncts is called valency theory. Predicates have a valence; they determine the number and type of arguments that can or must appear in their environment. The valence of predicates is also investigated in terms of subcategorization.

text:
# Argument (linguistics)

In linguistics, an **argument** is an expression that helps complete the meaning of a predicate, the latter referring in this context to a main verb and its auxiliaries. In this regard, the *complement* is a closely related concept. Most predicates take one, two, or three arguments. A predicate and its arguments form a *predicate-argument structure*. The discussion of predicates and arguments is associated most with (content) verbs and noun phrases (NPs), although other syntactic categories can also be construed as predicates and as arguments. Arguments must be distinguished from adjuncts. While a predicate needs its arguments to complete its meaning, the adjuncts that appear with a predicate are optional; they are not necessary to complete the meaning of the predicate. Most theories of syntax and semantics acknowledge arguments and adjuncts, although the terminology varies, and the distinction is generally believed to exist in all languages. Dependency grammars sometimes call arguments *actants*, following Lucien Tesnière (1959).

The area of grammar that explores the nature of predicates, their arguments, and adjuncts is called valency theory. Predicates have a valence; they determine the number and type of arguments that can or must appear in their environment. The valence of predicates is also investigated in terms of subcategorization.

## Arguments and adjuncts

The basic analysis of the syntax and semantics of clauses relies heavily on the distinction between arguments and adjuncts. The clause predicate, which is often a content verb, demands certain arguments. That is, the arguments are necessary in order to complete the meaning of the verb. The adjuncts that appear, in contrast, are not necessary in this sense. The subject phrase and object phrase are the two most frequently occurring arguments of verbal predicates. For instance:

**Jill** likes **Jack**. **Sam** fried **the meat**. **The old man** helped **the young man**.

Each of these sentences contains two arguments (in bold), the first noun (phrase) being the subject argument, and the second the object argument. *Jill*, for example, is the subject argument of the predicate *likes*, and *Jack* is its object argument. Verbal predicates that demand just a subject argument (e.g. *sleep*, *work*, *relax*) are intransitive, verbal predicates that demand an object argument as well (e.g. *like*, *fry*, *help*) are transitive, and verbal predicates that demand two object arguments are ditransitive (e.g. *give*, *lend*).

When additional information is added to our three example sentences, one is dealing with adjuncts, e.g.

Jill **really** likes Jack. Jill likes Jack **most of the time**. Jill likes Jack **when the sun shines**. Jill likes Jack **because he's friendly**.

The added phrases (in bold) are adjuncts; they provide additional information that is not necessary to complete the meaning of the predicate *likes*. One key difference between arguments and adjuncts is that the appearance of a given argument is often obligatory, whereas adjuncts appear optionally. While typical verb arguments are subject or object nouns or noun phrases as in the examples above, they can also be prepositional phrases (PPs) (or even other categories). The PPs in bold in the following sentences are arguments:

Sam put the pen **on the chair**. Larry does not put up **with that**. Bill is getting **on my case**.

We know that these PPs are (or contain) arguments because when we attempt to omit them, the result is unacceptable:

\*Sam put the pen. \*Larry does not put up. \*Bill is getting.

Subject and object arguments are known as *core arguments*; core arguments can be suppressed, added, or exchanged in different ways, using voice operations like passivization, antipassivization, applicativization, incorporation, etc. Prepositional arguments, which are also called *oblique arguments*, however, do not tend to undergo the same processes.

### Psycholinguistic (argument vs adjuncts)

Psycholinguistic theories must explain how syntactic representations are built incrementally during sentence comprehension. One view that has sprung from psycholinguistics is the argument structure hypothesis (ASH), which explains the distinct cognitive operations for argument and adjunct attachment: arguments are attached via the lexical mechanism, but adjuncts are attached using general (non-lexical) grammatical knowledge that is represented as phrase structure rules or the equivalent.

Argument status determines the cognitive mechanism in which a phrase will be attached to the developing syntactic representations of a sentence. Psycholinguistic evidence supports a formal distinction between arguments and adjuncts, for any questions about the argument status of a phrase are, in effect, questions about learned mental representations of the lexical heads.

## Syntactic vs. semantic arguments

An important distinction acknowledges both syntactic and semantic arguments. Content verbs determine the number and type of syntactic arguments that can or must appear in their environment; they impose specific syntactic functions (e.g. subject, object, oblique, specific preposition, possessor, etc.) onto their arguments. These syntactic functions will vary as the form of the predicate varies (e.g. active verb, passive participle, gerund, nominal, etc.). In languages that have morphological case, the arguments of a predicate must appear with the correct case markings (e.g. nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, etc.) imposed on them by their predicate. The semantic arguments of the predicate, in contrast, remain consistent, e.g.

Jack is liked by Jill. Jill's liking Jack Jack's being liked by Jill the liking of Jack by Jill Jill's like for Jack

The predicate 'like' appears in various forms in these examples, which means that the syntactic functions of the arguments associated with *Jack* and *Jill* vary. The object of the active sentence, for instance, becomes the subject of the passive sentence. Despite this variation in syntactic functions, the arguments remain semantically consistent. In each case, *Jill* is the experiencer (= the one doing the liking) and *Jack* is the one being experienced (= the one being liked). In other words, the syntactic arguments are subject to syntactic variation in terms of syntactic functions, whereas the thematic roles of the arguments of the given predicate remain consistent as the form of that predicate changes.

The syntactic arguments of a given verb can also vary across languages. For example, the verb *put* in English requires three syntactic arguments: subject, object, locative (e. g. *He put the book into the box*). These syntactic arguments correspond to the three semantic arguments agent, theme, and goal. The Japanese verb *oku* 'put', in contrast, has the same three semantic arguments, but the syntactic arguments differ, since Japanese does not require three syntactic arguments, so it is correct to say *Kare ga hon o oita* ("He put the book"). The equivalent sentence in English is ungrammatical without the required locative argument, as the examples involving *put* above demonstrate. For this reason, a slight paraphrase is required to render the nearest grammatical equivalent in English: *He positioned the book* or *He deposited the book*.

## Distinguishing between arguments and adjuncts

### Arguments vs. adjuncts

A large body of literature has been devoted to distinguishing arguments from adjuncts. Numerous syntactic tests have been devised for this purpose. One such test is the relative clause diagnostic. If the test constituent can appear after the combination *which occurred/happened* in a relative clause, it is an adjunct, not an argument, e.g.

Bill left **on Tuesday**. → Bill left, which happened **on Tuesday**. – *on Tuesday* is an adjunct. Susan stopped **due to the weather**. → Susan stopped, which occurred **due to the weather**. – *due to the weather* is an adjunct. Fred tried to say something **twice**. → Fred tried to say something, which occurred **twice**. – *twice* is an adjunct.

The same diagnostic results in unacceptable relative clauses (and sentences) when the test constituent is an argument, e.g.

Bill left **home**. → \*Bill left, which happened **home**. – *home* is an argument. Susan stopped **her objections**. → \*Susan stopped, which occurred **her objections**. – *her objections* is an argument. Fred tried to say **something**. → \*Fred tried to say, which happened **something**. – *something* is an argument.

This test succeeds in identifying prepositional arguments as well:

We are waiting **for Susan**. → \*We are waiting, which is happening **for Susan**. – *for Susan* is an argument. Tom put the knife **in the drawer**. → \*Tom put the knife, which occurred **in the drawer**. – *in the drawer* is an argument. We laughed **at you**. → \*We laughed, which occurred **at you**. – *at you* is an argument.

The utility of the relative clause test is, however, limited. It incorrectly suggests, for instance, that modal adverbs (e.g. *probably*, *certainly*, *maybe*) and manner expressions (e.g. *quickly*, *carefully*, *totally*) are arguments. If a constituent passes the relative clause test, however, one can be sure that it is *not* an argument.

### Obligatory vs. optional arguments

A further division blurs the line between arguments and adjuncts. Many arguments behave like adjuncts with respect to another diagnostic, the omission diagnostic. Adjuncts can always be omitted from the phrase, clause, or sentence in which they appear without rendering the resulting expression unacceptable. Some arguments (obligatory ones), in contrast, cannot be omitted. There are many other arguments, however, that are identified as arguments by the relative clause diagnostic but that can nevertheless be omitted, e.g.

a. She cleaned **the kitchen**. b. She cleaned. – *the kitchen* is an optional argument. a. We are waiting **for Larry**. b. We are waiting. – *for Larry* is an optional argument. a. Susan was working **on the model**. b. Susan was working. – *on the model* is an optional argument.

The relative clause diagnostic would identify the constituents in bold as arguments. The omission diagnostic here, however, demonstrates that they are not obligatory arguments. They are, rather, optional. The insight, then, is that a three-way division is needed. On the one hand, one distinguishes between arguments and adjuncts, and on the other hand, one allows for a further division between obligatory and optional arguments.

### Arguments and adjuncts in noun phrases

Most work on the distinction between arguments and adjuncts has been conducted at the clause level and has focused on arguments and adjuncts to verbal predicates. The distinction is crucial for the analysis of noun phrases as well, however. If it is altered somewhat, the relative clause diagnostic can also be used to distinguish arguments from adjuncts in noun phrases, e.g.

Bill's bold reading of the poem after lunch \*bold reading of the poem after lunch that was **Bill's***Bill's* is an argument. Bill's reading of the poem after lunch that was **bold***bold* is an adjunct \*Bill's bold reading after lunch that was **of the poem***of the poem* is an argument Bill's bold reading of the poem that was **after lunch***after lunch* is an adjunct

The diagnostic identifies *Bill's* and *of the poem* as arguments, and *bold* and *after lunch* as adjuncts.

## Representing arguments and adjuncts

The distinction between arguments and adjuncts is often indicated in the tree structures used to represent syntactic structure. In phrase structure grammars, an adjunct is "adjoined" to a projection of its head predicate in such a manner that distinguishes it from the arguments of that predicate. The distinction is quite visible in theories that employ the X-bar schema, e.g.

The complement argument appears as a sister of the head X, and the specifier argument appears as a daughter of XP. The optional adjuncts appear in one of a number of positions adjoined to a bar-projection of X or to XP.

Theories of syntax that acknowledge n-ary branching structures and hence construe syntactic structure as being flatter than the layered structures associated with the X-bar schema must employ some other means to distinguish between arguments and adjuncts. In this regard, some dependency grammars employ an arrow convention. Arguments receive a "normal" dependency edge, whereas adjuncts receive an arrow edge. In the following tree, an arrow points away from an adjunct toward the governor of that adjunct:

The arrow edges in the tree identify four constituents (= complete subtrees) as adjuncts: *At one time*, *actually*, *in congress*, and *for fun*. The normal dependency edges (= non-arrows) identify the other constituents as arguments of their heads. Thus *Sam*, *a duck*, and *to his representative in congress* are identified as arguments of the verbal predicate *wanted to send*.

## Relevant theories

Argumentation theory focuses on how logical reasoning leads to end results through an internal structure built of premises, a method of reasoning and a conclusion. There are many versions of argumentation that relate to this theory that include: conversational, mathematical, scientific, interpretive, legal, and political.

Grammar theory, specifically functional theories of grammar, relate to the functions of language as the link to fully understanding linguistics by referencing grammar elements to their functions and purposes.

A variety of theories exist regarding the structure of syntax, including generative grammar, categorial grammar, and dependency grammar.

Modern theories of semantics include formal semantics, lexical semantics, and computational semantics. Formal semantics focuses on truth conditioning. Lexical Semantics delves into word meanings in relation to their context and computational semantics uses algorithms and architectures to investigate linguistic meanings.

The concept of valence is the number and type of arguments that are linked to a predicate, in particular to a verb. In valence theory verbs' arguments include also the argument expressed by the subject of the verb.

## History of argument linguistics

The notion of argument structure was first conceived in the 1980s by researchers working in the government–binding framework to help address controversies about arguments.

## Importance

The distinction between arguments and adjuncts is crucial to most theories of syntax and grammar. Arguments behave differently from adjuncts in numerous ways. Theories of binding, coordination, discontinuities, ellipsis, etc. must acknowledge and build on the distinction. When one examines these areas of syntax, what one finds is that arguments consistently behave differently from adjuncts and that without the distinction, our ability to investigate and understand these phenomena would be seriously hindered. There is a distinction between arguments and adjuncts which is not really noticed by many in everyday language. The difference is between obligatory phrases versus phrases which embellish a sentence. For instance, if someone says "Tim punched the stuffed animal", the phrase stuffed animal would be an argument because it is the main part of the sentence. If someone says, "Tim punched the stuffed animal with glee", the phrase with glee would be an adjunct because it just enhances the sentence and the sentence can stand alone without it.

* Ágel, V., L. Eichinger, H.-W. Eroms, P. Hellwig, H. Heringer, and H. Lobin (eds.) 2003/6. Dependency and valency: An international handbook of contemporary research. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
* Eroms, H.-W. 2000. Syntax der deutschen Sprache. Berlin: de Gruyter.
* Kroeger, P. 2004. Analyzing syntax: A lexical-functional approach. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
* Osborne, T. and T. Groß 2012. Constructions are catenae: Construction Grammar meets dependency grammar. Cognitive Linguistics 23, 1, 163–214.
* Tesnière, L. 1959. Éléments de syntaxe structurale. Paris: Klincksieck.
* Tesnière, L. 1969. Éléments de syntaxe structurale. 2nd edition. Paris: Klincksieck.


title: 16 Martyrs of Japan

abstract: 16 Martyrs of Japan The 16 Martyrs of Japan were Christians who were persecuted for their faith in Japan, mostly during the 17th century.

text:
# 16 Martyrs of Japan

The **16 Martyrs of Japan** (日本の殉教者, *Nihon no junkyōsha*) were Christians who were persecuted for their faith in Japan, mostly during the 17th century.

## Early Christianity in Japan

Christian missionaries arrived with Francis Xavier and the Jesuits in the 1540s and briefly flourished, with over 100,000 converts, including many *daimyōs* in Kyushu. The shogunate and imperial government at first supported the Catholic mission and the missionaries, thinking that they would reduce the power of the Buddhist monks, and help trade with Spain and Portugal. However, the Shogunate was also wary of colonialism, seeing that the Spanish had taken power in the Philippines, after converting the population. It soon met resistance from the highest office holders of Japan. Emperor Ogimachi issued edicts to ban Catholicism in 1565 and 1568, but to little effect. Beginning in 1587 with imperial regent Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s ban on Jesuit missionaries, Christianity was repressed as a threat to national unity. After the Tokugawa shogunate banned Christianity in 1620, it ceased to exist publicly. Many Catholics went underground, becoming hidden Christians (隠れキリシタン, *kakure kirishitan*), while others lost their lives. Only after the Meiji Restoration, was Christianity re-established in Japan.

The first group of martyrs, known as the Twenty-Six Martyrs of Japan (1597), were canonized by the Church in 1862 by Pope Pius IX. The same pope beatified the second group, known as the 205 Martyrs of Japan (1598–1632), in 1867.

## 16 Martyrs of Japan (1633–1637)

Another group of martyrs were investigated by the Vatican Curia's Congregation for the Causes of Saints (CCS) in 1980 and were beatified on 18 February 1981. Pope John Paul II canonized these 16 Martyrs of Japan as saints on 18 October 1987. This group is also known as Lorenzo Ruiz, Dominic Ibáñez de Erquicia Pérez de Lete, Iacobus Tomonaga Gorōbyōe, and 13 companions.

## Nakamachi Church

Statues of the 16 Martyrs were placed in the garden of Nakamachi Church in Nagasaki.

## Ordained Martyrs

### Dominican Priests

#### Foreign Missionaries

#### Japanese

## Martyred Laity

### Dominican Laity

#### Japanese Cooperator Brother

#### Foreign Missionaries – Confraternity of the Holy Rosary

#### Japanese Tertiaries

* Marina of Omura – 11 November 1634. A woman who assisted the missionaries in Japan, she was arrested in 1634 and burned alive.
* Magdalene of Nagasaki – 16 October 1634

### Christian Laity

#### Japanese Catechist

#### Japanese

## InfoBox

| 16 Martyrs of Japan | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Died | 1633 - 1637, Nagasaki, Japan |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church
Anglican Church
Lutheran Church |
| Beatified | 18 February 1981, Manila, Philippines, by Pope John Paul II |
| Canonized | 18 October 1987, St. Peter's Square, Vatican City, by Pope John Paul II |
| Major shrine | Minor Basilica of the National Shrine of Saint Lorenzo Ruiz, Manila, Philippines |
| Feast | 28 September |