title: Environmental gradient

abstract: An environmental gradient, or climate gradient, is a change in abiotic (non-living) factors through space. Environmental gradients can be related to factors such as altitude, depth, temperature, soil humidity and precipitation. Often times, a multitude of biotic (living) factors are closely related to these gradients; as a result of a change in an environmental gradient, factors such as species abundance, population density, morphology, primary productivity, predation, and local adaptation may be impacted.

text:
# Environmental gradient

An **environmental gradient,** or climate gradient, is a change in abiotic (non-living) factors through space (or time). Environmental gradients can be related to factors such as altitude, depth, temperature, soil humidity and precipitation. Often times, a multitude of biotic (living) factors are closely related to these gradients; as a result of a change in an environmental gradient, factors such as species abundance, population density, morphology, primary productivity, predation, and local adaptation may be impacted.

## Abiotic influence

The species distribution along environmental gradients has been studied intensively due to large databases of species presence data (e.g. GBIF). The abiotic factors that environmental gradients consist of can have a direct ramifications on organismal survival. Generally, organismal distribution is tied to those abiotic factors, but even an environmental gradient of one abiotic factor yields insight into how a species distribution might look. For example, aspects of the landscape such as soil composition, temperature, and precipitation all factor in to an accurate idea of habitable territory a plant species might occupy; information on one of those factors can help form an environmental gradient by which a proximate species distribution may be generated. Similarly, along the upstream-downstream gradient of a river, fish assemblages (groupings) can vary in species and trait diversity; upstream habitats, which tend to be at higher elevations, have been observed to develop greater species and trait diversity. With elevated regions most intensely feeling the effects of climate change and these effects being linked to increased species diversity in impacted regions, this is a key consideration in prioritizing habitats for conservation efforts. At an ecotone, species abundances change relatively quickly compared to the environmental gradient.

## Biotic interactions

Although environmental gradients are comprised gradually changing and predictable patterns of an abiotic factor, there is strong interplay between both biotic-biotic factors as well as biotic-abiotic factors. For example, species abundance usually changes along environmental gradients in a more or less predictable way. However, the species abundance along an environmental gradient is not only determined by the abiotic factor associated with the gradient but, also by the change in the biotic interactions, like competition and predation, along the environmental gradient.

## Local adaptation along environmental gradients

Depending on the size of the landscape and the gene flow between populations, local adaptation could arise between populations inhabiting two extremes of the landscape. The opposing extremes in abiotic conditions that are faced between populations and the lack of homogenizing gene flow could present conditions where two populations are able to differentiate. Often times when comparing fitness or phenotypic values across an environmental gradient, the data are fixated into a reaction norm framework. In this way, an individual can directly assess the changes across a landscape of a particular species' phenotype or compare fitness and phenotypes of populations within a species across environmental gradients (particularly when performing reciprocal transplant studies).

## Impact of climate change

Current models predict that as climate change intensifies, certain environmental gradients may experience the effects as changing rates of natural processes or impacts on distribution and characteristics of species within them. Given the interconnectedness of abiotic factors, long-term disturbances of one gradient have the possibility of affecting other gradients.

### Soil characteristics

Soil respiration, the process of soil naturally releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, acts as an example of this. In areas where soil moisture is not limiting (with moisture being a key part of the respiration process), soil respiration increases with rising temperatures; thus, respiration patterns form the gradient, and higher emissions are observed in warmer ecosystems. Similarly, rate of precipitation has a positive correlation with respiration (as moisture no longer becomes a limiting factor). Thus, it not only is its own gradient (average precipitation across a range), but also connects with the respiration gradient and impacts it.

### Altitude

Altitude gradients are a key consideration in understanding migration patterns due to the effects of global warming. As temperatures increase, trees adapted to warmer climates will migrate uphill for access to sunlight, and thus populations of temperate or cold-adapted trees and the habitats suitable for them will shrink.

## Environmental gradients in society

Environmental gradients are not limited to naturally occurring variations in environmental factors across a range; they have also been created by human activity and industrialization. Air pollution is present as an environmental gradient in areas containing power plants, factories, and other pollutant-emitting facilities, as are environmental toxins, such as heavy metals, radiation, and pesticides; generally speaking, concentration decreases as distance from origin site increases. Differences in exposure to these elements across populations due to proximity to the origin site has become a major concern of environmental and public health activists, who cite health disparities linked to these gradients as an environmental justice concern.

### References

1. Floret, C.; Galan, M. J.; LeFloc'h, E.; Orshan, G.; Romane, F. (1990). "Growth forms and phenomorphology traits along an environmental gradient: tools for studying vegetation?". *Journal of Vegetation Science*. **1** (1): 71–80. doi:10.2307/3236055. ISSN 1654-1103. JSTOR 3236055.
2. Kirkman, L. K.; Mitchell, R. J.; Helton, R. C.; Drew, M. B. (November 2001). "Productivity and species richness across an environmental gradient in a fire-dependent ecosystem". *American Journal of Botany*. **88** (11): 2119–2128. doi:10.2307/3558437. ISSN 0002-9122. JSTOR 3558437. PMID 21669643.
3. Buisson, Laëtitia; Grenouillet, Gaël (2009). "Contrasted impacts of climate change on stream fish assemblages along an environmental gradient". *Diversity and Distributions*. **15** (4): 613–626. doi:10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00565.x. S2CID 86026682.
4. Rydgren, Knut; Økland, Rune Halvorsen; Økland, Tonje (2003). "Species response curves along environmental gradients. A case study from SE Norwegian swamp forests". *Journal of Vegetation Science*. **14** (6): 869–880. doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2003.tb02220.x. ISSN 1654-1103.
5. Werner, Earl E.; McPeek, Mark A. (1994). "Direct and Indirect Effects of Predators on Two Anuran Species along an Environmental Gradient". *Ecology*. **75** (5): 1368–1382. doi:10.2307/1937461. ISSN 0012-9658. JSTOR 1937461.
6. Hereford, Joe; Winn, Alice A. (2008). "Limits to local adaptation in six populations of the annual plant Diodia teres". *The New Phytologist*. **178** (4): 888–896. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02405.x. ISSN 1469-8137. PMID 18384510.
7. Pardi, Melissa I.; Graham, Russell W. (2019). "Changes in small mammal communities throughout the late Quaternary across eastern environmental gradients of the United States". *Quaternary International*. 530–531: 80–87. Bibcode:2019QuInt.530...80P. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2018.05.041. S2CID 134434800.
8. Wehn, Sølvi; Lundemo, Sverre; Holten, Jarle I. (2014). "Alpine vegetation along multiple environmental gradients and possible consequences of climate change". *Alpine Botany*. **124** (2): 155–164. doi:10.1007/s00035-014-0136-9. ISSN 1664-2201. S2CID 16764321.
9. Henry, P.; Russello, M. A. (2013). "Adaptive divergence along environmental gradients in a climate‐change‐sensitive mammal". *Ecology and Evolution*. **3** (11): 3906–3917. doi:10.1002/ece3.776. ISSN 2045-7758. PMC 3810883. PMID 24198948.
10. Reynolds, Lorien L.; Johnson, Bart R.; Pfeifer‐Meister, Laurel; Bridgham, Scott D. (2015). "Soil respiration response to climate change in Pacific Northwest prairies is mediated by a regional Mediterranean climate gradient". *Global Change Biology*. **21** (1): 487–500. Bibcode:2015GCBio..21..487R. doi:10.1111/gcb.12732. ISSN 1354-1013. PMID 25205511. S2CID 205142081.
11. Ruiz-Labourdette, Diego; Nogués-Bravo, David; Ollero, Helios Sáinz; Schmitz, María F.; Pineda, Francisco D. (2012). "Forest composition in Mediterranean mountains is projected to shift along the entire elevational gradient under climate change: Forest dynamics under climate change". *Journal of Biogeography*. **39** (1): 162–176. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02592.x. S2CID 82037043.
12. Semenova, Yuliya; Pivina, Lyudmila; Zhunussov, Yersin; Zhanaspayev, Marat; Chirumbolo, Salvatore; Muzdubayeva, Zhanna; Bjørklund, Geir (2020). "Radiation-related health hazards to uranium miners". *Environmental Science and Pollution Research*. **27** (28): 34808–34822. doi:10.1007/s11356-020-09590-7. ISSN 0944-1344. PMID 32638305. S2CID 220398252.
13. Tsai, Wen-Tien (2005). "An overview of environmental hazards and exposure risk of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)". *Chemosphere*. **61** (11): 1539–1547. Bibcode:2005Chmsp..61.1539T. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.03.084. PMID 15936055.
14. Ameh, Thelma; Sayes, Christie M. (2019). "The potential exposure and hazards of copper nanoparticles: A review". *Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology*. **71**: 103220. doi:10.1016/j.etap.2019.103220. PMID 31306862. S2CID 196810894.
15. Evans, Gary W.; Kantrowitz, Elyse (2002). "Socioeconomic Status and Health: The Potential Role of Environmental Risk Exposure". *Annual Review of Public Health*. **23** (1): 303–331. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.23.112001.112349. ISSN 0163-7525. PMID 11910065.
16. Lauriola, Paolo; Crabbe, Helen; Behbod, Behrooz; Yip, Fuyuen; Medina, Sylvia; Semenza, Jan C.; Vardoulakis, Sotiris; Kass, Dan; Zeka, Ariana; Khonelidze, Irma; Ashworth, Matthew (2020-03-17). "Advancing Global Health through Environmental and Public Health Tracking". *International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health*. **17** (6): 1976. doi:10.3390/ijerph17061976. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 7142667. PMID 32192215.


title: Barton, Nebraska

abstract: Barton is an unincorporated community in Deuel County, Nebraska, United States. It is located west of Big Springs, along the South Platte River, halfway to the Colorado border.

text:
# Barton, Nebraska

**Barton** is an unincorporated community in Deuel County, Nebraska, United States. It is located west of Big Springs, along the South Platte River, halfway to the Colorado border.

## History

Barton was named for a local resident, Guy C. Barton of North Platte.

41°02′02″N 102°10′28″W / 41.03389°N 102.17444°W / 41.03389; -102.17444

## InfoBox

| Barton, Nebraska | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated Community | |
| Barton, NebraskaBarton, Nebraska | |
| Coordinates: 41°00′N 102°12′W / 41°N 102.2°W / 41; -102.2 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Nebraska |
| County | Deuel |


title: BM Sagunto

abstract: Club Balonmano Sagunto was a Spanish women's handball club from Sagunto founded in 1978 which in July, 2012 moved to Valencia and joint CE Handbol Marítim to play in División de Honor as Valencia Aicequip.

text:
# BM Sagunto

**Club Balonmano Sagunto** was a Spanish women's handball club from Sagunto founded in 1978 which in July, 2012 moved to Valencia and joint **CE Handbol Marítim** to play in División de Honor as Valencia Aicequip.

## History

**Mar Valencia** was founded in 1963 as Sección Femenina's women's handball team in Valencia (**Medina Valencia**) before becoming an independent club in 1978 as **Íber Valencia**. In 1993 it again changed its official name, taking the aforementioned one. It was also known as **El Osito L'Eliana** and **Milar L'Eliana** in subsequent years for sponsorship reasons, having moved to L'Eliana.

Íber/Mar dominated the Spanish scene through the 1980s and 1990s, winning a record 20 national leagues in a row between 1979 and 1998 and 19 national cups between 1981 and 2000. In 1997 it became the first Spanish team to win the Champions League by beating Viborg HK in the final. The team also reached the Champions' final the following year, but lost it to Hypo Niederösterreich

The following years marked the ending of the club's national hegemony but it still enjoyed success in national and internacional grounds. In 2000 Mar won the Cup Winners' Cup over Kuban Krasnodar, and in 2003 it reached its third Champions League final, lost to Krim Ljubljana.

In 2004 the club moved from L'Eliana to Sagunto and changed its name to **Balonmano Sagunto**, a.k.a. **Astroc Sagunto** (2004–07) and **Parc Sagunto** (2007–11) after its sponsors. In 2005 it won its final league to date and in 2006 it reached the Champions League's semifinals. While Sagunto still ranked among Division de Honor top three teams, its only major success in subsequent years was winning the 2008 Spanish Cup (Copa de la Reina)

Due to the lack of sponsorship, in July 2012 it moved back to Valencia to join emerging Valencian club CE Handbol Marítim, which became its successor.

## Names

* 1963–1978: Club Medina de Valencia
* 1978–1992: CB Íber
* 1992–1994: CB Mar Valencia
* 1994–1997: Mar El Osito L'Eliana (moved to L'Eliana)
* 1997–1998: CB Milar
* 1998–2003: Mar El Osito L'Eliana
* 2003–2004: Alucine Alser Sagunto (moved to Sagunto)
* 2004–2007: Astroc Sagunto
* 2007–2010: Parc Sagunt
* 2010–2012: Mar Sagunto

## Trophies

## Notable players

## InfoBox

| Sagunto/Mar Valencia | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Short name | Club Balonmano Sagunto |
| Founded | 1963/1978 |
| Dissolved | July, 2012 |
| Arena | Rene Marigil, Sagunto |
| Capacity | 800 |
| 2011–12 | Liga ABF, 3rd |
| Club colours |  |
|  | |


title: Fox Learning Systems

abstract: Fox Learning Systems is an American e-learning and multimedia training company based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

text:
# Fox Learning Systems

**Fox Learning Systems** is an American e-learning and multimedia training company based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

## Founding

Debra Fox is a former news anchor for WTAE-TV, the Pittsburgh ABC affiliate. She founded Fox Learning Systems after witnessing the training problems plaguing the long term care industry. "If you do training well enough, people will learn," said Fox in an interview with Seton Hill University's *E-Magnify* journal. She has won numerous awards for her work with Fox Learning Systems. She also publishes a blog related to the elder care industry

## Studies

Fox Learning Systems has conducted and participated in numerous studies related to psychiatric learning and elder care. The National Institute of Health as well as the National Institute of Mental Health has awarded grants to Fox Learning Systems to study a variety of aspects in the eldercare field. For example, in 2002 the National Institute of Health awarded $566,000 to Fox Learning Systems for two research grants.

* In 2002, Fox Learning Systems conducted a 6-month randomized experiment comparing computer-based and lecture-based learning for nursing-home staff education. This study was conducted to find if interactive multimedia training would be feasible for compliance training in nursing homes.
* In 2003, Fox Learning Systems provided the educational component of a study to improve quality of care and quality of life in nursing homes. Pressure ulcers were dramatically reduced. In addition, using the animation, the nursing staff learned to identify early stage pressure ulcers in different skin tones. Prior to this study, African-American nursing home residents with one pressure ulcer were likely to have multiple ulcers whereas this was not the case for Caucasian residents. After the education, no one, white or black, had more than a single pressure ulcer.
* In 2004 Fox Learning Systems conducted a study based on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale to see if actors could effectively portray depressed patients. Their findings have been published in the American Journal of Psychiatry. Through this study Fox Learning System launched accupsych.com a learning system that can be used to train research raters.
* In 2005, Drs. Eric Lenze of Washington University in St. Louis and colleagues conducted a study to determine if stroke victims could identify their own risk factors for stroke after completing inpatient physical rehabilitation. Surprisingly, the majority of patients were unaware of their own risk factors and therefore were not in a position to change any lifestyle patterns that would reduce risk of a subsequent stroke. Dr. Lenze and his colleagues approached Fox Learning Systems, Inc with the challenge of developing an adaptive learning educational tool that stroke victims would be able to use with the computer compensating for specific neurological deficits.
* In 2005, Fox Learning Systems conducted an NIH funded study dealing with Electroconvulsive therapy. They produced an Interactive video to simplify and provide patient information on ECT.
* In 2008, Fox Learning Systems started phase two of their "Web Based Training for Families of Longterm Care". This seeks to assess family satisfaction, involvement, complaints, resident quality care and quality of life".
* In 2008, Fox Learning Systems started phase two of the NIH funded "Do Clinical Rehabilitation Education Programs Really Improve Stroke-Related Knowledge?". This is currently in the early stages of development with a time table of 3 years to completion.
*

## InfoBox

Fox Learning Systems
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Elder Care |
| Founded | Fox Farsight - Sept. 8, 1997
Fox Learning Systems - 2003 |
| Headquarters |
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |
| Products | E-Learning, Video Production |
| Website | www.foxlearningsystems.com |


title: Escoville

abstract: Escoville is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France, with a population of 803 people as of 2017.

text:
# Escoville

**Escoville** is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France, with a population of 803 people as of 2017.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 321 |  |
| 1968 | 417 | +29.9% |
| 1975 | 460 | +10.3% |
| 1982 | 438 | −4.8% |
| 1990 | 623 | +42.2% |
| 1999 | 626 | +0.5% |
| 2008 | 726 | +16.0% |

## Geography

Escoville is located 5 kilometers north of Troarn, 11 kilometers northeast of Caen, 14 kilometers south of Cabourg, and 35 kilometers from Deauville. Escoville is part of the urban area of Caen.

## Typonymy

The name of the locality is attested under the name *Escoldivilla* in 1109, *Ecovilla* in 1128, and *Escoville* in 1208.

Albert Dauzat and his successor, Ernest Nègre, consider that the first unit *Escold-* represents the Germanic personal name *Ascald(us)*, also written as *Ascolt*.

Note: the evolution *As- \> Es-* is not certified in the old forms. Perhaps there should be a recourse to an Anglo-Scandinavian anthroponym *Skoldr/Skoldi*? The prefix *-esc* results more often from the regular evolution of *sk-*. A similar processus is found, for example, in the word *école*, the French word for “school” (Old French *escole* \< Latin *scola*).

The name *(E)scoville* has evolved into the English last names *Scoville, Scovill, Scoffield, Schofield, and Scourfield*.

## InfoBox

| Escoville | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Saint-Laurent | |
|  | |
| Location of Escoville | |
| EscovilleEscoville | |
| Coordinates: 49°12′40″N 0°14′13″W / 49.2111°N 0.2369°W / 49.2111; -0.2369 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Normandy |
| Department | Calvados |
| Arrondissement | Lisieux |
| Canton | Troarn |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Christophe Cliquet |
| Area**1** | 5.18 km2 (2.00 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 805 |
| Density | 160/km2 (400/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 14246 /14850 |
| Elevation | 13–42 m (43–138 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Espino de la Orbada

abstract: Espino de la Orbada is a village and municipality in the province of Salamanca, western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is located 28 kilometres (17 mi) from the provincial capital city of Salamanca and has a population of 284.

text:
# Espino de la Orbada

**Espino de la Orbada** is a village and municipality in the province of Salamanca, western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is located 28 kilometres (17 mi) from the provincial capital city of Salamanca and has a population of 284.

## Geography

The municipality covers an area of 23.45 km2 (9.05 sq mi).

It lies 797 metres (2,615 ft) above sea level.

The postal code is 37419.

## InfoBox

| Espino de la Orbada | |
| --- | --- |
| Village and Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location in Salamanca | |
| Espino de la OrbadaEspino de la Orbada | |
| Coordinates: 41°6′26″N 5°25′28″W / 41.10722°N 5.42444°W / 41.10722; -5.42444 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile and León |
| Province | Salamanca |
| Comarca | La Armuña |
| Government | |
| Mayor | José Ramón Martín (People's Party) |
| Area | |
| Total | 23 km2 (9 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 797 m (2,615 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 279 |
| Density | 12/km2 (31/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Post Code | 37419 |
| Area code | +34 |
| ISO 3166 code | ES |


title: 2008 Iowa State Cyclones football team

abstract: The 2008 Iowa State Cyclones football team represented Iowa State University in the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was led by head coach Gene Chizik, who had coached the Cyclones since 2007. They played their home games at Jack Trice Stadium in Ames, Iowa.

text:
# 2008 Iowa State Cyclones football team

2008 Big 12 Conference football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team |  | W |  | L |  |  |  |  | W |  | L |  |
| North Division | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| No. 19 Missouri xy |  | 5 |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 10 |  | 4 |  |
| Nebraska x |  | 5 |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 9 |  | 4 |  |
| Kansas |  | 4 |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 8 |  | 5 |  |
| Colorado |  | 2 |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 5 |  | 7 |  |
| Kansas State |  | 2 |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 5 |  | 7 |  |
| Iowa State |  | 0 |  | 8 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  | 10 |  |
| South Division | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| No. 5 Oklahoma xy$ |  | 7 |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 12 |  | 2 |  |
| No. 4 Texas x% |  | 7 |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 12 |  | 1 |  |
| No. 12 Texas Tech x |  | 7 |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 11 |  | 2 |  |
| No. 16 Oklahoma State |  | 5 |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 9 |  | 4 |  |
| Baylor |  | 2 |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  | 8 |  |
| Texas A&M |  | 2 |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  | 8 |  |
| Championship: **Oklahoma 62**, Missouri 21 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * $  BCS representative as conference champion * %  BCS at-large representative * x  Division champion/co-champions * y  Championship game participant Rankings from AP Poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **2008 Iowa State Cyclones football team** represented Iowa State University in the 2008 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was led by head coach Gene Chizik, who had coached the Cyclones since 2007. They played their home games at Jack Trice Stadium in Ames, Iowa.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| August 28 | 7:00 p.m. | South Dakota State* |  | FCS | W 44–17 | 46,617 |
| September 6 | 6:00 p.m. | Kent State* | * Jack Trice Stadium * Ames, IA |  | W 48–28 | 49,805 |
| September 13 | 11:00 a.m. | at Iowa* |  | BTN | L 5–17 | 70,585 |
| September 20 | 8:00 p.m. | at UNLV* |  | Mtn | L 31–34 OT | 25,567 |
| October 4 | 11:30 a.m. | No. 16 Kansas | * Jack Trice Stadium * Ames, IA | Versus | L 33–35 | 47,847 |
| October 11 | 6:00 p.m. | at Baylor |  | FCS | L 10–38 | 30,528 |
| October 18 | 11:30 a.m. | Nebraska | * Jack Trice Stadium * Ames, IA | Versus | L 7–35 | 48,794 |
| October 25 | 6:00 p.m. | Texas A&M | * Jack Trice Stadium * Ames, IA | FCS | L 35–49 | 45,495 |
| November 1 | 2:30 p.m. | at No. 10 Oklahoma State |  | ABC | L 17–59 | 46,718 |
| November 8 | 12:30 p.m. | at Colorado |  | Versus | L 24–28 | 46,440 |
| November 15 | 5:30 p.m. | No. 11 Missouri |  | FSN | L 20–52 | 46,013 |
| November 22 | 2:30 p.m. | at Kansas State |  | FCS | L 30–38 | 41,266 |
|  | | | | | | |

## Roster

| # | Player | Pos. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| #1 | Linder, Judah | DB |
| #2 | Johnson, Sedrick | WR |
| #2 | Smith, James | DB |
| #3 | Bass, Jamicah | RB |
| #4 | Arnaud, Austen | QB |
| #4 | Sandvig, Zac | DB |
| #5 | Sumrall, R.J. | WR |
| #6 | Scales, Jason | RB |
| #7 | Banks, Kennard | DB |
| #7 | Bates, Phillip | QB |
| #8 | Brown, Chris | DB |
| #8 | Bueker, Brett | QB |
| #9 | Messiah, Euseph | WR |
| #10 | Bell, Cameron | LB |
| #10 | Range, Lonzie | WR |
| #11 | Singleton, Chris | DB |
| #11 | Tiller, Jerome | QB |
| #12 | Bell, Allen | DB |
| #13 | Brandtner, Mike | P |
| #14 | Bibbs, Michael | LB |
| #15 | Jones, Houston | WR |
| #15 | Land, Dustin | DB |
| #16 | Kuehl, Daniel | PK |
| #16 | Raven, Josh | LB |
| #17 | McDowell, Devin | DB |
| #17 | Zitek, Joel | WR |
| #18 | Franklin, Wallace | WR |
| #19 | Matthews, A.J. | DB |
| #20 | Hunley, Brandon | DB |

| # | Player | Pos. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| #20 | Powell, Chad | P |
| #21 | Mahoney, Grant | PK |
| #22 | Harris, Jason | RB |
| #23 | Johnson, Leonard | DB |
| #23 | Schwartz, Jeremiah | RB |
| #24 | Schmidgall, Derec | LB |
| #25 | Frere, Nick | DL |
| #25 | Guyer, Zach | PK |
| #26 | Mansfield, Taylor | FB |
| #26 | Moser, Seth | LB |
| #27 | Johnson, Steve | DB |
| #27 | Romey, Michael | PK |
| #29 | Ekwelundu, Brian | FB |
| #29 | Parker, Rashawn | DL |
| #31 | Rumple, Justin | LB |
| #32 | Benton, Ter'ran | DB |
| #32 | Burke, Hunter | WR |
| #33 | Robinson, Alexander | RB |
| #34 | Harklau, Nick | DB |
| #34 | Williams, Johnny | RB |
| #35 | Cicciarelli, Joe | DB |
| #35 | Ewald, Vince | TE |
| #36 | Mulcahy, Patrick | WR |
| #36 | Walker, Kyle | DB |
| #37 | O'Connell, Michael | DB |
| #37 | Zimmerman, Dakota | DS |
| #38 | Campbell, Chris | WR |
| #38 | Maggitt, Roosevelt | DL |
| #39 | Thompson Jr., Rickey | RB |

| # | Player | Pos. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| #40 | Tucker, Zac | DS |
| #41 | Ferguson, Ernest | LB |
| #42 | Weymiller, Frank | LB |
| #43 | Garrin, Fred | LB |
| #44 | Hamlin, Kevin | LB |
| #45 | Blaes, Joe | TE |
| #47 | Taylor, Kurtis | DL |
| #48 | Smith, Sean | OL |
| #49 | Wonders, David | DS |
| #51 | Haughton, Scott | OL |
| #52 | Knapp, Mike | OL |
| #53 | Vencil, Evan | OL |
| #54 | Smith, Jesse | LB |
| #55 | Lyle, Christopher | DE |
| #56 | Weir, Chris | DL |
| #58 | Hicks, Hayworth | OL |
| #59 | Kaufman, Preston | LB |
| #60 | Johnson, Brandon | OL |
| #61 | Slobidsky, Nick | OL |
| #62 | Frere, Nate | DL |
| #63 | Lamaak, Ben | OL |
| #65 | Steinbach, Patrick | OL |
| #66 | Slifka, Kyle | DL |
| #67 | Hulbert, Matt | OL |
| #68 | Bergan, Tadd | OL |
| #70 | Davis, Drew | OL |
| #71 | Baysinger, Trey | OL |
| #72 | Osemele, Kelechi | OL |
| #73 | Stephens, Reggie | OL |

| # | Player | Pos. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| #74 | Vanstrom, Joe | OL |
| #75 | Dedrick, Doug | OL |
| #77 | Alvarez, Alex | OL |
| #78 | Klerekoper, Joseph | OL |
| #79 | Burris, Brayden | OL |
| #80 | Darks, Darius | WR |
| #80 | Tuetken, Todd | WR |
| #81 | Carlson, Jason | WR |
| #81 | Tate, Michael | DL |
| #82 | Hamilton, Marquis | WR |
| #83 | Ferguson, Travis | DE |
| #83 | Williams, Jake | WR |
| #84 | Catlett, Derrick | TE |
| #85 | Johnson, Bailey | DL |
| #85 | Lillie, Justin | WR |
| #86 | Hammerschmidt, Kurt | TE |
| #87 | Sandvig, Alex | WR |
| #88 | Franklin, Collin | TE |
| #89 | Mitchell, Andrew | WR |
| #90 | Laing, Cleyon | DE |
| #91 | Neal, Patrick | TE |
| #92 | Black, Jerrod | DL |
| #93 | Bykowski, Carter | TE |
| #94 | McDonough, Jake | DE |
| #95 | Zegers, Spenser | DL |
| #96 | Alburtis, Austin | DL |
| #97 | Ruempolhamer, Stephen | DL |
| #99 | Hurtig, Chase | DL |

## Coaching staff

Gene Chizik: Head Coach (1 yr) Robert McFarland: Offensive Coordinator (1 yr) Wayne Bolt: Defensive Coordinator (1 yr) Scott Fountain (TE/RC (2yr)

## Game summaries

### South Dakota State

South Dakota State at Iowa State Cyclones
| 1 2 3 4 Total  South Dakota State 0 0 3 14 17  **Iowa State** 10 10 14 10 **44** |
| --- |

### Kent State

Kent State Golden Flashes at Iowa State Cyclones
| 1 2 3 4 Total  Kent State 7 14 0 7 28  **Iowa State** 21 7 10 10 **48** |
| --- |

### Iowa

Iowa State Cyclones at Iowa Hawkeyes
| 1 2 3 4 Total  Iowa State 0 0 3 2 5  Iowa 3 0 0 14 **17** |
| --- |

### UNLV

Iowa State Cyclones at UNLV Rebels
| 1 2 3 4 OT Total  Iowa State 0 0 14 14 3 31  **UNLV** 14 7 7 0 6 **34** |
| --- |

### Kansas

#16 Kansas Jayhawks at Iowa State Cyclones
| 1 2 3 4 Total  **#16 Kansas** 0 0 21 14 35  Iowa State 14 6 0 13 **33** |
| --- |

### Baylor

Iowa State Cyclones at Baylor Bears
| 1 2 3 4 Total  Iowa State 0 3 0 7 10  **Baylor** 7 14 10 7 **38** |
| --- |

### Nebraska

Nebraska Cornhuskers at Iowa State Cyclones
| 1 2 3 4 Total  **Nebraska** 7 14 0 14 35  Iowa State 0 0 7 0 **7** |
| --- |

### Texas A&M

Texas A&M Aggies at Iowa State Cyclones
| 1 2 3 4 Total  **Texas A&M** 7 21 7 14 49  Iowa State 7 10 3 15 **35** |
| --- |

### #10 Oklahoma State

Iowa State Cyclones at #10 Oklahoma State Cowboys
| 1 2 3 4 Total  Iowa State 7 3 0 7 17  **#10 Oklahoma State** 14 14 24 7 **59** |
| --- |

### Colorado

Iowa State Cyclones at Colorado Buffaloes
| 1 2 3 4 Total  Iowa State 3 7 7 7 24  **Colorado** 0 0 13 15 **28** |
| --- |

### #11 Missouri

#11 Missouri Tigers at Iowa State Cyclones
| 1 2 3 4 Total  **#11 Missouri** 7 24 7 14 52  Iowa State 0 7 6 7 **20** |
| --- |

### Kansas State

Iowa State Cyclones at Kansas State Wildcats
| 1 2 3 4 Total  Iowa State 7 10 0 13 30  **Kansas State** 7 21 7 3 **38** |
| --- |

## After the season

### Awards

No Cyclone player or coach won any awards this season.

## InfoBox

| 2008 Iowa State Cyclones football | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conference | Big 12 Conference |
| Division | North Division |
| Record | 2–10 (0–8 Big 12) |
| Head coach |  |
| Offensive coordinator | Robert McFarland (2nd season) |
| Offensive scheme | Multiple |
| Defensive coordinator | Wayne Bolt (2nd season) |
| Base defense | 4–3 |
| Home stadium | Jack Trice Stadium |
|


title: Euchromius sudanellus

abstract: Euchromius sudanellus is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Stanisław Błeszyński in 1965. It is found in Sudan.

text:
# Euchromius sudanellus

***Euchromius sudanellus*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Stanisław Błeszyński in 1965. It is found in Sudan.

## InfoBox

| *Euchromius sudanellus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Subfamily: | Crambinae |
| Tribe: | Euchromiini |
| Genus: | *Euchromius* |
| Species: | ***E. sudanellus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Euchromius sudanellus***<br>Błeszyński, 1965 | |
|


title: Endotricha olivacealis

abstract: Endotricha olivacealis is a moth of the family Pyralidae. It is found in Russia, China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, India, Malaysia and western Java. The wingspan is 24–26 mm.

text:
# Endotricha olivacealis

***Endotricha olivacealis*** is a moth of the family Pyralidae. It is found in Russia, China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, India, Malaysia and western Java.

The wingspan is 24–26 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Endotricha olivacealis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Endotricha* |
| Species: | ***E. olivacealis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Endotricha olivacealis***<br>(Bremer, 1864) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Rhodaria olivacealis* Bremer, 1864 | |


title: 1923–24 City Cup

abstract: The 1923–24 City Cup was the 26th edition of the City Cup, a cup competition in Northern Irish football. The tournament was won by Queen's Island for the 2nd time and 2nd consecutive year. They defeated Glentoran 3–2 in a test match at Windsor Park after both teams finished level on points in the group standings.

text:
# 1923–24 City Cup

The **1923–24 City Cup** was the 26th edition of the City Cup, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.

The tournament was won by Queen's Island for the 2nd time and 2nd consecutive year. They defeated Glentoran 3–2 in a test match at Windsor Park after both teams finished level on points in the group standings.

## Group standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GR | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Queen's Island | 9 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 28 | 9 | 3.111 | 14 |
| 2 | Glentoran | 9 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 26 | 12 | 2.167 | 14 |
| 3 | Distillery | 9 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 14 | 11 | 1.273 | 11 |
| 4 | Linfield | 9 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 13 | 15 | 0.867 | 10 |
| 5 | Larne | 9 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 19 | 17 | 1.118 | 9 |
| 6 | Ards | 9 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 11 | 11 | 1.000 | 9 |
| 7 | Barn | 9 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 16 | 0.438 | 7 |
| 8 | Glenavon | 9 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 13 | 0.462 | 6 |
| 9 | Newry Town | 9 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 11 | 21 | 0.524 | 5 |
| 10 | Cliftonville | 9 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 10 | 20 | 0.500 | 5 |

Source: Irish League Archive

### Test match

| Queen's Island | 3–2 | Glentoran |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Windsor Park, Belfast

## InfoBox

1923–24 City Cup
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Northern Ireland |
| Teams | 10 |
| Defending champions | Queen's Island |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Queen's Island (2nd win) |
| Runner-up | Glentoran |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 46 |
| Goals scored | 150 (3.26 per match) |
|  | |


abstract: The 1998–99 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team represented Michigan State University in the 1998–99 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team played their home games at Breslin Center in East Lansing, Michigan and were coached by fourth-year head coach, Tom Izzo. The Spartans finished the season 33–5, 15–1 to win the Big Ten regular season championship by three games. MSU defeated Northwestern, Wisconsin, and Illinois to win the Big Ten tournament and received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. As the No. 1 seed in the Midwest region, they defeated Mount Saint Mary's and Ole Miss to advance to their second straight Sweet Sixteen. In the Sweet Sixteen they defeated Oklahoma to advance to the school's first Elite Eight since 1979. In the Elite Eight, they defeated Kentucky to earn a trip to the Final Four for the first time since 1979. There they lost to No. 1-ranked Duke. The 33 wins marked a school record for wins in a season.

text:
# 1998–99 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team

1998–99 Big Ten Conference men's basketball standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | PCT |  |  | W |  | L |  | PCT |
| No. 2 Michigan State | 15 |  | 1 |  | .938 |  |  | 33 |  | 5 |  | .868 |
| No. 19 Indiana | 9 |  | 7 |  | .563 |  |  | 23 |  | 11 |  | .676 |
| No. 18 Wisconsin | 9 |  | 7 |  | .563 |  |  | 22 |  | 10 |  | .688 |
| No. 21 Iowa | 9 |  | 7 |  | .563 |  |  | 20 |  | 10 |  | .667 |
| Purdue | 7 |  | 9 |  | .438 |  |  | 21 |  | 13 |  | .618 |
| Northwestern | 6 |  | 10 |  | .375 |  |  | 15 |  | 14 |  | .517 |
| Penn State | 5 |  | 11 |  | .313 |  |  | 13 |  | 14 |  | .481 |
| Illinois | 3 |  | 13 |  | .188 |  |  | 14 |  | 18 |  | .438 |
| No. 14 Ohio State\** | 1 |  | 1 |  | .500 |  |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | .500 |
| Minnesota\*** | 0 |  | 8 |  | .000 |  |  | 0 |  | 11 |  | .000 |
| Michigan* | 0 |  | 11 |  | .000 |  |  | 0 |  | 19 |  | .000 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1999 Big Ten tournament winner
Rankings from AP poll
\*Michigan: 12 games vacated due to sanctions against the program
\**Ohio State: 34 games including 5 NCAA Tourn. games vacated due to sanctions against the program
\*** Minnesota vacated 17 games including 1 NCAA Tourn. game due to sanctions against the program
Disputed records: Michigan: 12–19, 5–11; Ohio State: 27–9, 12–4; Minnesota: 17–11, 8–8 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1998–99 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team** represented Michigan State University in the 1998–99 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team played their home games at Breslin Center in East Lansing, Michigan and were coached by fourth-year head coach, Tom Izzo. The Spartans finished the season 33–5, 15–1 to win the Big Ten regular season championship by three games. MSU defeated Northwestern, Wisconsin, and Illinois to win the Big Ten tournament and received the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. As the No. 1 seed in the Midwest region, they defeated Mount Saint Mary's and Ole Miss to advance to their second straight Sweet Sixteen. In the Sweet Sixteen they defeated Oklahoma to advance to the school's first Elite Eight since 1979. In the Elite Eight, they defeated Kentucky to earn a trip to the Final Four for the first time since 1979. There they lost to No. 1-ranked Duke. The 33 wins marked a school record for wins in a season.

## Previous season

The Spartans finished the 1997–98 season 22–8, 13–3 in Big Ten play to earn a share of the Big Ten regular season championship. They lost in the quarterfinals of the inaugural Big Ten tournament to Minnesota. Michigan State received an at-large bid as a No. 4 seed in the NCAA tournament, their first trip to the Tournament under Tom Izzo. They defeated Eastern Michigan and Princeton to advance to the Sweet Sixteen before losing to No. 1-seeded North Carolina.

## Season summary

The Spartans, fresh off their first trip to the Sweet Sixteen since 1990, started the season ranked No. 5 in the country. Michigan State was led by juniors Mateen Cleaves (11.7 points and 7.2 assists per game) and Morris Peterson (13.6 points and 5.7 rebounds per game).

The Spartans played three top seven teams in their first seven games. MSU lost all three: at No. 7 Temple, versus No. 4 Duke at the United Center in Chicago, Illinois, and at No. 1 Connecticut. However, the Spartans finished the non–conference season without another loss and a record of 11–3 while ranked No. 14 in the country.

After losing their first Big Ten game to No. 24 Wisconsin, the Spartans won the remaining 15 games in conference. The wins included wins against No. 19 Minnesota, No. 14 Iowa, at No. 18 Indiana, No. 15 Ohio State, at No. 14 Iowa, at No. 22 Minnesota, No. 17 Purdue, No. 14 Wisconsin, and at No. 23 Purdue. The Spartans won the Big Ten conference regular season by three games with a record of 15–1. MSU finished the regular season ranked No. 2 in the country. (Ohio State, who finished in second place with a 12–4 record, was later forced to vacate 29 games including all conference wins.)

The Spartans earned the No. 1 seed in the Big Ten tournament and faced Northwestern in the quarterfinals. MSU struggled in the game and appeared to be headed toward a second-straight early exit from only the second-ever Big Ten tournament, but Matteen Cleaves hit a clutch shot with 37 second remaining to give MSU a two-point win. In the semifinals, MSU faced No. 19 Wisconsin, the only team that had beaten MSU in the regular season. The Spartans held Wisconsin scoreless for nearly 11 minutes in the second half on their way to 56–41 win. The win propelled the Spartans to the championship game against Cinderalla Illinois, who had finished last in conference, but had made a run to the championship game. With MSU looking to lock up a No. 1 seed in the NCAA Tournament and Illinois looking to simply make the Tournament with a win, the Spartans blew out the Illini 67–50 to win their first Big Ten tournament championship. The win gave the Spartans the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament.

The Spartans were awarded a No. 1 seed in the Midwest Region. In a First Round victory over Mount St. Mary's, MSU used tough defense to hold off the Mountaineers, 76–53. In the Second Round, the Spartans faced No. 9-seeded Mississippi. Michigan State used a late 13–0 run to hold off the upset and defeat the Rebels, 73–66. Cleaves led the Spartans with 18 points as they advanced to their second straight Sweet Sixteen. In the Sweet Sixteen, No. 13-seeded Oklahoma pushed the Spartans and MSU struggled offensively. However, Andre Hutson's 13 points led the Spartans to hard-fought 54–46 win, their 21st straight win. In the Elite Eight for the first time since winning the championship since 1979, MSU faced No. 3-seeded and No. 8-ranked Kentucky. Michigan State trailed by as many 13 points early in the contest, but they fought back to beat Kentucky 73–66 to advance to the Final Four. There, they were re-matched against the overall No. 1 seed, Duke, who had defeated them 73–67 early in the season. With the Spartans riding a 22-game winning streak, Duke was able to beat the Spartans 68–62, ending their season.

## Roster and statistics

| 1998–99 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball team | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Name | Class | Pos | Height | Summary |
| Adam Ballinger | FR | F | 6'9" | 1.5 Pts, 1.3 Reb, 0.3 Ast |
| Charlie Bell | SO | G | 6"3" | 7.8 Pts, 3.8 Reb, 1.0 Ast |
| Steve Cherry | SO | G | 6'6" | 0.5 Pts, 0.4 Reb, 0.1 Ast |
| Mateen Cleaves | JR | G | 6'2" | 11.7 Pts, 1.6 Reb, 7.2 Ast |
| Doug Davis | SO | G | 6'3" | 1.9 Pts, 0.5 Reb, 1.1 Ast |
| A. J. Granger | SO | F | 6'9" | 6.6 Pts, 3.9 Reb, 0.6 Ast |
| Lorenzo Guess | SO | G | 6'3" | 0.8 Pts, 0.6 Reb, 0.0 Ast |
| Andre Hutson | SO | F | 6'8" | 8.9 Pts, 5.2 Reb, 0.6 Ast |
| Thomas Kelley | SR | G | 6'2" | 5.1 Pts, 1.2 Reb, 1.3 Ast |
| Jason Klein | SR | F | 6'7" | 9.4 Pts, 2.7 Reb, 1.0 Ast |
| Morris Peterson | JR | F | 6'7" | 13.6 Pts, 5.7 Reb, 0.9 Ast |
| Antonio Smith | SR | F | 6'8" | 6.5 Pts, 8.4 Reb, 1.1 Ast |
| Brandon Smith | SO | G | 5'11" | 0.3 Pts, 0.1 Reb, 0.2 Ast |
| Source | | | | | | | | |

## Schedule and results

| Date
time, TV | Rank# | Opponent# | Result | Record | Site
city, state |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Exhibition | | | | | | | | |
| Nov 4, 1998*
 | No. 5 | Estonia Select Team | **W** 83–63 |
 | Breslin Center (14,569)
East Lansing, MI |
| Nov 10, 1998*
 | No. 5 | Athletes in Action | **W** 101–79 |
 | Breslin Center (14,667)
East Lansing, MI |
| Non-conference regular season | | | | | | | | |
| Nov 13, 1998*
 | No. 5 | Northeast Louisiana | **W** 89–58 | 1–0
 | Breslin Center (14,659)
East Lansing, MI |
| Nov 17, 1998*
 | No. 5 | at Oakland | **W** 96–66 | 2–0
 | Athletics Center O'rena (3,405)
Auburn Hills, MI |
| Nov 20, 1998*
, ESPN | No. 5 | at No. 7 Temple | **L** 59–60 | 2–1
 | Liacouras Center (10,206)
Philadelphia, PA |
| Nov 27, 1998*
 | No. 7 | Central Florida
*Coca Cola Spartan Classic semifinals* | **W** 87–64 | 3–1
 | Breslin Center
East Lansing, MI |
| Nov 28, 1998*
 | No. 7 | Western Michigan
*Coca Cola Spartan Classic championship* | **W** 87–64 | 4–1
 | Breslin Center (14,659)
East Lansing, MI |
| Dec 2, 1998*
, ESPN | No. 9 | vs. No. 4 Duke
*Great Eight* | **L** 67–73 | 4–2
 | United Center (19,412)
Chicago, IL |
| Dec 5, 1998*
, CBS | No. 9 | at No. 1 Connecticut | **L** 68–82 | 4–3
 | Harry A. Gampel Pavilion (10,207)
Storrs, CT |
| Dec 10, 1998*
 | No. 14 | East Tennessee State | **W** 86–53 | 5–3
 | Breslin Center (5,335)
East Lansing, MI |
| Dec 13, 1998*
 | No. 14 | Illinois–Chicago | **W** 77–33 | 6–3
 | Breslin Center (14,659)
East Lansing, MI |
| Dec 21, 1998*
 | No. 14 | vs. Pepperdine
*Pearl Harbor Classic* | **W** 79–67 | 7–3
 | George Q. Cannon Activities Center
Laie, HI |
| Dec 22, 1998*
 | No. 15 | vs. Tulsa
*Pearl Harbor Classic semifinals* | **W** 68–58 | 8–3
 | George Q. Cannon Activities Center
Laie, HI |
| Dec 23, 1998*
 | No. 15 | vs. Alabama
*Pearl Harbor Classic championship* | **W** 75–58 | 9–3
 | George Q. Cannon Activities Center
Laie, HI |
| Dec 30, 1998*
 | No. 13 | North Carolina–Asheville | **W** 64–39 | 10–3
 | Breslin Center (14,659)
East Lansing, MI |
| Jan 2, 1999*
, CBS | No. 14 | Louisville | **W** 59–57 | 11–3
 | Breslin Center (14,659)
East Lansing, MI |
| Big Ten regular season | | | | | | | | |
| Jan 6, 1999
, ESPN Regional | No. 12 | at No. 24 Wisconsin | **L** 51–66 | 11–4
(0–1) | Kohl Center (15,504)
Madison, WI |
| Jan 9, 1999
, ESPN Regional | No. 12 | Michigan
*Rivalry* | **W** 81–67 | 12–4
(1–1) | Breslin Center (14,659)
East Lansing, MI |
| Jan 13, 1999
, ESPN Regional | No. 14 | No. 19 Minnesota | **W** 71–55 | 13–4
(2–1) | Breslin Center (14,659)
East Lansing, MI |
| Jan 16, 1999
, ESPN Regional | No. 14 | at Illinois | **W** 51–49 | 14–4
(3–1) | Assembly Hall
Champaign, IL |
| Jan 21, 1999
, ESPN | No. 11 | No. 14 Iowa | **W** 80–65 | 15–4
(4–1) | Breslin Center (14,659)
East Lansing, MI |
| Jan 24, 1999
, CBS | No. 11 | at No. 18 Indiana | **W** 73–59 | 16–4
(5–1) | Assembly Hall (17,436)
Bloomington, IN |
| Jan 27, 1999
, ESPN Regional | No. 8 | No. 15 Ohio State | **W** 76–71 | 17–4
(6–1) | Breslin Center (14,659)
East Lansing, MI |
| Jan 30, 1999
, ESPN Regional | No. 8 | Northwestern | **W** 65–48 | 18–4
(7–1) | Breslin Center (14,659)
East Lansing, MI |
| Feb 2, 1999
, ESPN Regional | No. 8 | at Penn State | **W** 70–68 | 19–4
(8–1) | Bryce Jordan Center (9,736)
University Park, PA |
| Feb 6, 1999
, ESPN Regional | No. 8 | at No. 14 Iowa | **W** 95–81 | 20–4
(9–1) | Carver–Hawkeye Arena (15,500)
Iowa City, IA |
| Feb 11, 1999
, ESPN | No. 5 | Illinois | **W** 61–44 | 21–4
(10–1) | Breslin Center (14,659)
East Lansing, MI |
| Feb 13
7:00 pm, ESPN | No. 4 | at No. 22 Minnesota | **W** 84–82 | 22–4
(11–1) | Williams Arena (14,887)
Minneapolis, MN |
| Feb 16, 1999
, ESPN | No. 4 | No. 17 Purdue | **W** 82–69 | 23–4
(12–1) | Breslin Center (14,659)
East Lansing, MI |
| Feb 18, 1999
, ESPN | No. 4 | at Michigan
*Rivalry* | **W** 73–58 | 24–4
(13–1) | Crisler Arena (13,458)
Ann Arbor, MI |
| Feb 21, 1999
, ESPN Regional | No. 3 | No. 13 Wisconsin | **W** 56–51 | 25–4
(14–1) | Breslin Center (14,659)
East Lansing, MI |
| Feb 27, 1999
, CBS | No. 3 | at No. 23 Purdue | **W** 60–46 | 26–4
(15–1) | Mackey Arena (14,123)
West Lafayette, IN |
| Big Ten tournament | | | | | | | | |
| Mar 5, 1999
 | (1)  No. 2 | vs. (8) Northwestern
*quarterfinals* | **W** 61–59 | 27–4
 | United Center
Chicago, IL |
| Mar 6, 1999
 | (1)  No. 2 | vs. (4) No. 18 Wisconsin
*semifinals* | **W** 56–41 | 28–4
 | United Center
Chicago, IL |
| Mar 7, 1999
 | (1)  No. 2 | vs. (11) Illinois
*championship* | **W** 67–50 | 29–4
 | United Center (19,581)
Chicago, IL |
| NCAA tournament | | | | | | | | |
| Mar 12, 1999
, CBS | (1 MW)  No. 2 | vs. (16 MW) Mount St. Mary's
*First Round* | **W** 76–53 | 30–4
 | Bradley Center
Milwaukee, WI |
| Mar 14, 1999
, CBS | (1 MW)  No. 2 | vs. (9 MW) Ole Miss
*Second Round* | **W** 74–66 | 31–4
 | Bradley Center (18,525)
Milwaukee, WI |
| Mar 19, 1999
, CBS | (1 MW)  No. 2 | vs. (13 MW) Oklahoma
*Sweet Sixteen* | **W** 54–46 | 32–4
 | Edward Jones Dome
St. Louis, MO |
| Mar 21, 1999
, CBS | (1 MW)  No. 2 | vs. (3 MW) No. 8 Kentucky
*Elite Eight* | **W** 73–66 | 33–4
 | Edward Jones Dome (42,519)
St. Louis, MO |
| Mar 27, 1999
, CBS | (1 MW)  No. 2 | vs. (1 E) No. 1 Duke
*Final Four* | **L** 62–68 | 33–5
 | Tropicana Field (41,340)
St. Petersburg, FL |
| *Non-conference game. #Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses.
All times are in Eastern Time
Source. | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Rankings

Ranking movement
**Legend:** ██ Increase in ranking. ██ Decrease in ranking. (RV) Received votes but unranked. (NR) Not ranked.
| Poll | Pre | Wk 2 | Wk 3 | Wk 4 | Wk 5 | Wk 6 | Wk 7 | Wk 8 | Wk 9 | Wk 10 | Wk 11 | Wk 12 | Wk 13 | Wk 14 | Wk 15 | Wk 16 | Wk 17 | Final |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| AP | 5 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 14 | 11 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 |

## Awards and honors

* Mateen Cleaves – All-America selection
* Mateen Cleaves – Big Ten Player of the Year
* Mateen Cleaves – All-Big Ten First Team
* Mateen Cleaves – Chicago Tribune Silver Basketball
* Mateen Cleaves – Most Outstanding Player, Big Ten Conference Basketball Tournament
* Morris Peterson – All-Big Ten First Team
* Antonio Smith – All-Big Ten Third Team

## InfoBox

| 1998–99 Michigan State Spartans men's basketball | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Pearl Harbor Classic champions
Big Ten regular season champions
Big Ten tournament champions | |
| NCAA tournament, Final Four | |
| Conference | Big Ten Conference |
| Ranking | |
| Coaches | No. 3 |
| AP | No. 2 |
| Record | 33–5 (15–1 Big Ten) |
| Head coach |  |
| Assistant coaches |  |
| Captains |  |
| Home arena | Breslin Center |
|


title: 1974 UC Davis Aggies football team

abstract: The 1974 UC Davis Aggies football team represented the University of California, Davis as a member of the Far Western Conference (FWC) during the 1974 NCAA Division II football season. Led by fifth-year head coach Jim Sochor, UC Davis compiled an overall record of 9–1 with a mark of 5–0 in conference play, winning the FWC title for the fourth consecutive season. 1973 was the fifth consecutive winning season for the Aggies. With the 5–0 conference record, they stretched their conference winning streak to eight games dating back to the previous season. The team outscored its opponents 297 to 143 for the season. The Aggies played home games at Toomey Field in Davis, California.

text:
# 1974 UC Davis Aggies football team

1974 Far Western Conference football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| UC Davis $ | 5 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 9 |  | 1 |  | 0 |
| San Francisco State | 2 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
| Humboldt State | 2 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 4 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
| Chico State | 2 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 4 |  | 7 |  | 0 |
| Cal State Hayward | 2 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
| Sacramento State | 2 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 2 |  | 9 |  | 0 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * $  Conference champion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1974 UC Davis Aggies football team** represented the University of California, Davis as a member of the Far Western Conference (FWC) during the 1974 NCAA Division II football season. Led by fifth-year head coach Jim Sochor, UC Davis compiled an overall record of 9–1 with a mark of 5–0 in conference play, winning the FWC title for the fourth consecutive season. 1973 was the fifth consecutive winning season for the Aggies. With the 5–0 conference record, they stretched their conference winning streak to eight games dating back to the previous season. The team outscored its opponents 297 to 143 for the season. The Aggies played home games at Toomey Field in Davis, California.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 14 | Portland State* |  |  | W 50–21 | 5,200 |  |
| September 21 | UC Riverside* |  | * Toomey Field * Davis, CA | W 42–7 | 5,800 |  |
| September 28 | at Santa Clara* |  |  | W 23–22 | 7,135 |  |
| October 12 | at Chico State |  |  | W 28–0 | 7,000 |  |
| October 19 | Cal State Hayward |  | * Toomey Field * Davis, CA | W 37–0 | 8,000 |  |
| October 26 | at Sacramento State | No. 14 |  | W 22–17 | 6,500–7,500 |  |
| November 2 | Humboldt State | No. 12 | * Toomey Field * Davis, CA | W 14–7 | 7,500 |  |
| November 9 | at No. 3 Boise State* | No. 11 |  | L 20–41 | 14,608 |  |
| November 16 | at San Francisco State |  |  | W 31–7 | 2,000 |  |
| November 23 | Cal State Fullerton* |  | * Toomey Field * Davis, CA | W 30–21 | 4,300–4,400 |  |
| * \*Non-conference game * Rankings from UPI Poll released prior to the game | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1974 UC Davis Aggies football | |
| --- | --- |
| FWC champion | |
| Conference | Far Western Conference |
| Record | 9–1 (5–0 FWC) |
| Head coach |  |
| Captain | Rick Fortner, Steve Lard, Phil Wells |
| Home stadium | Toomey Field |
|


title: Ernst Hiemer

abstract: Ernst Hiemer was a German writer, who worked closely with Julius Streicher, the founder of the anti-Semitic newspaper Der Stürmer. Hiemer's three main books were all published in the Second World War and had anti-Semitic themes.

text:
# Ernst Hiemer

**Ernst Hiemer** (5 July 1900 in Großweingarten – 29 July 1974 in Altötting) was a German writer, who worked closely with Julius Streicher, the founder of the anti-Semitic newspaper *Der Stürmer*. Hiemer's three main books were all published in the Second World War and had anti-Semitic themes.

## Biography

Hiemer began working with Julius Streicher in the 1920s, as a journalist for Streicher's weekly anti-Semitic newspaper *Der Stürmer*, for which he reported on trials of Jewish offenders. Using the knowledge and experience he had gained working as a teacher, Hiemer wrote two anti-Semitic books for children which were both published by Julius Streicher's *Stürmer* publishing house. The first of these was *Der Giftpilz* (*The Poisonous Mushroom*), published in 1938. This was a collection of 17 short stories, illustrated by 'Fips' (Philipp Rupprecht). It was followed in 1940 by another collection, *Der Pudelmopsdackelpinscher und andere besinnliche Erzahlungen* (*The Poodle-Pug-Dachshund-Pinscher and other contemplative stories*), which compared Jews to various forms of animals. These publications were amongst the most extreme anti-Semitic items produced for children under the Nazi regime, causing them to be the subject of negative comments from some Nazis. During this time, Hiemer was also the chief editor of *Der Stürmer*. In 1942, he published a collection of anti-Semitic proverbs entitled *Der Jude im Sprichwort der Völker*.

After the war, Hiemer was interned for three and a half years at Stalag XIII-D, and banned from teaching for life. He died on 29 July 1974 in Altötting, Bavaria.

## Bibliography

* *Der Giftpilz* (*The Poisonous Mushroom*) (Nuremberg: Stürmerverlag, 1938).
* *Der Pudelmopsdackelpinscher* (*The Poodle-Pug-Dachshund-Pinscher*, 1940) (Nuremberg: Der Stürmer-Buchverlag)
* *Der Jude im Sprichwort der Völker* (Nuremberg, 1942)

1. Claudia Koonz, *The Nazi Conscience* (Harvard University Press, 2003), p. 230.
2. Gregory Wegner, *Anti-semitism and Schooling Under the Third Reich* (Routledge, 2002), p. 158.
3. "Anti-Semitic Children's Stories". Calvin.edu. Retrieved 2010-05-14.


title: Arctacanthus

abstract: Arctacanthus is an extinct genus of cartilaginous fish from the Permian and possibly Triassic periods.

text:
# Arctacanthus

***Arctacanthus*** is an extinct genus of cartilaginous fish from the Permian and possibly Triassic periods.

## Occurrence

*Arctacanthus* is known by two named species from the Permian, *A. uncinatus* and *A. wyomingensis*. The former was described from Greenland while the latter was described from the United States. They are known only by isolated hook-shaped "ichthyoliths" thought to represent dermal denticles of a chimaeran. Some have attributed these to teeth or hybodont cephalic spines. Similar ichthyoliths of much smaller size have been found in Japan and China in rocks of Anisian age. The large difference in age, location, and size means their attribution to this genus is uncertain; nonetheless, the species *A. exiguus* was named in Japan.

## InfoBox

| *Arctacanthus*
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Subclass: | Elasmobranchii |
| Order: | Hybodontiformes |
| Superfamily: | Hybodontoidea |
| Genus: | *Arctacanthus*
Nielsen, 1932 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Arctacanthus uncinatus*
Nielsen, 1932 | |
| Species | |
| * *A. exiguus* Yamagishi, 2004 * *A. wyomingensis* Branson, 1934 | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Dolophonodus* Branson, 1932 | |


title: Eunidia discovittata

abstract: Eunidia discovittata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1939.

text:
# Eunidia discovittata

***Eunidia discovittata*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1939.

## InfoBox

| *Eunidia discovittata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Eunidia* |
| Species: | ***E. discovittata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eunidia discovittata***<br>Breuning, 1939 | |
|


title: Euchromius subcambridgei

abstract: Euchromius subcambridgei is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Stanisław Błeszyński in 1965. It is found in Tunisia and Sudan.

text:
# Euchromius subcambridgei

***Euchromius subcambridgei*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Stanisław Błeszyński in 1965. It is found in Tunisia and Sudan.

## InfoBox

| *Euchromius subcambridgei* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Subfamily: | Crambinae |
| Tribe: | Euchromiini |
| Genus: | *Euchromius* |
| Species: | ***E. subcambridgei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Euchromius subcambridgei***<br>Błeszyński, 1965 | |
|


title: Emmuraillé Lake

abstract: The Emmuraillé Lake is a body of water crossed in its eastern part by the Petit Saguenay River, in the unorganized territory of Sagard, in the Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality of the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, in Canada. The "Emmuraillé Lake" is indirectly served by the forest road R064 which passes on the west side and bypasses Lac Pilote. Forestry is the sector's main economic activity; recreotourism activities, second.

text:
# Emmuraillé Lake

The **Emmuraillé Lake** is a body of water crossed in its eastern part by the Petit Saguenay River, in the unorganized territory of Sagard, in the Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality of the administrative region of Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, in Canada.

The "Emmuraillé Lake" is indirectly served by the forest road R064 which passes on the west side and bypasses Lac Pilote.

Forestry is the sector's main economic activity; recreotourism activities, second.

## Geography

The main watersheds near Emmuraillé lake are:

The Emmuraillé lake has a length of 1.8 km (1.1 mi). The Petit Saguenay River successively crosses from south to north lac au Sable (length: 2.7 km (1.7 mi); altitude: 449 m (1,473 ft)), lac au Bouleau (length: 4.3 km (2.7 mi); altitude: 449 m (1,473 ft)) and the eastern part of Lac Emmuraillé (length: 1.8 km (1.1 mi); altitude: 436 m (1,430 ft)).

The mouth of Emmuraillé Lake is located at:

From the mouth of Lac Emmuraillé, the current descends the Petit Saguenay River for 64.8 km (40.3 mi) north, northeast, then north to the south bank of the Saguenay River; thence, the current then descends on 36.6 km (22.7 mi) the Saguenay River east to Tadoussac where the latter river flows into the Saint Lawrence River.

## Toponymy

The toponym "Lac Emmuraillé" was formalized on December 5, 1968, by the Commission de toponymie du Québec.

## InfoBox

| Emmuraillé Lake | |
| --- | --- |
| Emmuraillé LakeLocation in Quebec | |
| Location | Sagard |
| Coordinates | 47°59′42″N 70°15′27″W / 47.995°N 70.25755°W / 47.995; -70.25755 |
| Lake type | Natural |
| Primary inflows | Petit Saguenay River, outlet of lac Pilote |
| Primary outflows | Petit Saguenay River |
| Basin countries | Canada |
|  | |
| Max. length | 1.8 km (1.1 mi) |
| Max. width | 0.9 km (0.56 mi) |
| Surface elevation | 436 m (1,430 ft) |


abstract: The 1923–24 Cincinnati Bearcats men's basketball team represented the University of Cincinnati during the 1923–24 NCAA men's basketball season. The head coach was Boyd Chambers, coaching his sixth season with the Bearcats. The team finished with an overall record of 11–8.

text:
# 1923–24 Cincinnati Bearcats men's basketball team

The **1923–24 Cincinnati Bearcats men's basketball team** represented the University of Cincinnati during the 1923–24 NCAA men's basketball season. The head coach was Boyd Chambers, coaching his sixth season with the Bearcats. The team finished with an overall record of 11–8.

## Schedule

| Date
time, TV | Opponent | Result | Record | Site
city, state |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| December 15
 | at Portsmouth Selects | **W** 19–16 | 1–0
 |
 |
| December 21
 | Michigan | **L** 14–25 | 1–1
 | Schmidlapp Gymnasium
Cincinnati, OH |
| December 29
 | Yale | **L** 21–38 | 1–2
 | Schmidlapp Gymnasium
Cincinnati, OH |
| January 4
 | Kenyon | **W** 21–20 | 2–2
 | Schmidlapp Gymnasium
Cincinnati, OH |
| January 5
 | at Wooster | **W** 24–7 | 3–2
 |
Wooster, OH |
| January 12
 | at Denison | **W** 26–20 | 4–2
 |
Granville, OH |
| January 18
 | at Wittenberg | **W** 35–21 | 5–2
 |
Springfield, OH |
| January 19
 | Muskingum | **W** 24–10 | 6–2
 | Schmidlapp Gymnasium
Cincinnati, OH |
| January 23
 | at Otterbein | **W** 23–19 | 7–2
 |
Oberlin, OH |
| January 26
 | Ohio | **L** 18–19 | 7–3
 | Schmidlapp Gymnasium
Cincinnati, OH |
| February 2
 | Alumni | **L** 22–25 | 7–4
 | Schmidlapp Gymnasium
Cincinnati, OH |
| February 9
 | Wittenberg | **W** 27–19 | 8–4
 | Schmidlapp Gymnasium
Cincinnati, OH |
| February 16
 | Virginia | **L** 27–31 | 8–5
 | Schmidlapp Gymnasium
Cincinnati, OH |
| February 21
 | Akron | **L** 25–29 | 8–6
 | Schmidlapp Gymnasium
Cincinnati, OH |
| February 23
 | at Ohio | **L** 13–24 | 8–7
 | Men's Gymnasium
Athens, OH |
| February 28
 | Denison | **L** 16–27 | 8–8
 | Schmidlapp Gymnasium
Cincinnati, OH |
| March 6
 | Otterbein | **W** 37–17 | 9–8
 | Schmidlapp Gymnasium
Cincinnati, OH |
| March 8
 | at Miami (OH) | **W** 28–21 | 10–8
 |
Oxford, OH |
| March 15
 | Miami (OH) | **W** 27–25 | 11–8
 | Schmidlapp Gymnasium
Cincinnati, OH |
| *Non-conference game. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1923–24 Cincinnati Bearcats men's basketball | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Ohio Athletic Conference |
| Record | 11–8 (10–4 OAC) |
| Head coach |  |
| Captain | Carson Hoy |
| Home arena | Schmidlapp Gymnasium |
|


title: Basic Intergluteal Numismatics

abstract: "Basic Intergluteal Numismatics" is the third episode of the fifth season of Community and the 87th episode overall. It originally aired on January 9, 2014 on NBC; and was written by Erik Sommers and directed by Tristram Shapeero. In this episode, a prankster dubbed the Ass Crack Bandit wreaks havoc on the students and faculty of Greendale. This leads Jeff Winger and Annie Edison to further investigate the situation; the episode then shifts in tone after Shirley Bennett reveals shocking news to Jeff, Annie, and the study group. This prankster was first referenced in the second season episode "Intro to Political Science," when Annie states "the assailant known only as the 'Ass Crack Bandit' will be brought to justice." The episode received critical acclaim, with most critics commenting positively on Donald Glover's comical role as a traumatized Troy Barnes after becoming a victim to the Bandit, while others commented positively on the revelation of Pierce Hawthorne's fate; the episode also saw a rise in ratings from the episodes "Repilot" and "Introduction to Teaching," with a total audience of 3.58 million viewers and an 18–49 rating of 1.4.

text:
# Basic Intergluteal Numismatics

"**Basic Intergluteal Numismatics**" is the third episode of the fifth season of *Community* and the 87th episode overall. It originally aired on January 9, 2014 on NBC; and was written by Erik Sommers and directed by Tristram Shapeero.

In this episode, a prankster dubbed the Ass Crack Bandit wreaks havoc on the students and faculty of Greendale. This leads Jeff Winger (Joel McHale) and Annie Edison (Alison Brie) to further investigate the situation; the episode then shifts in tone after Shirley Bennett (Yvette Nicole Brown) reveals shocking news to Jeff, Annie, and the study group.

This prankster was first referenced in the second season episode "Intro to Political Science," when Annie states "the assailant known only as the 'Ass Crack Bandit' will be brought to justice."

The episode received critical acclaim, with most critics commenting positively on Donald Glover's comical role as a traumatized Troy Barnes after becoming a victim to the Bandit, while others commented positively on the revelation of Pierce Hawthorne's (Chevy Chase) fate; the episode also saw a rise in ratings from the episodes "Repilot" and "Introduction to Teaching," with a total audience of 3.58 million viewers and an 18–49 rating of 1.4.

## Plot

When the "Ass Crack Bandit" (whose M.O. is to drop a coin down the back of someone's pants when they lean over) returns to campus after two years, Jeff Winger (Joel McHale) and Annie Edison (Alison Brie) begin an investigation. Dr Ian Duncan (John Oliver) also helps. Troy Barnes (Donald Glover) becomes a victim of the Bandit. Annie is able to deduce from past "attacks" that a teacher is the most likely culprit.

Jeff and Annie are able to track a phone call made by the bandit to the Greendale stables, where they discover former student Alex "Star-Burns" Osbourne (Dino Stamatopoulos), who has been living at the stables after faking his own death, and confessed to being the bandit under pressure. However, during a dance in commemoration of Star-Burns' capture, Star-Burns admits to Jeff that he falsely confessed as part of a bargain with Dean Pelton (Jim Rash), as the Dean does not want the possibility that a teacher is guilty investigated. Annie comes to suspect Professor Duncan may be the "Ass Crack Bandit", but this is proven untrue when he becomes a victim himself.

Before the investigation can go any further, Shirley Bennett (Yvette Nicole Brown) arrives and informs the group that former member Pierce Hawthorne (Chevy Chase) has died. The group grieves, the investigation for the Ass Crack Bandit is called off, and Star-Burns recants his former confession. It is hinted at the episode's end that several of the show's main and supporting cast members may be the Ass Crack Bandit.

## Production

This episode marks the return of John Oliver as Ian Duncan, who was last seen in the second season. Dino Stamatopoulos also returns to the series as Alex "Star-Burns" Osbourne, having been last seen in the third-season finale.

### "Ass Crack Bandit" song

| "Ass Crack Bandit" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Ben Folds | |
| Released | February 6, 2014 |
| Genre | Comedy rock |
| Length | 3.47 |
| Label | Madison Gate |
| Songwriter(s) | Ben Folds |
| Ben Folds singles chronology | |
| "From Above"
(2010) "**Ass Crack Bandit**"
(2014) "Phone in a Pool"
(2015) | |

Musician Ben Folds wrote and performed an original song, "Ass Crack Bandit", for the episode's climax, with backing vocals by Ruby Amanfu. A 4-minute version of the song was hinted at by Folds on Twitter, and then posted on YouTube a month after the episode aired. Folds also appears in a cameo role in the episode, as a botany professor.

## Cultural references

The episode adheres to tropes of the crime drama genre, e.g., TV series like *The Bridge*, *Hannibal*, and *The Killing*. Abed also references crime shows that feature the cliche lead characters with mild mental disorders who are exceptional at crime-solving (such as *The Bridge* and *Hannibal*), and is later seen deleting said shows from his DVR. The episode is specifically stylized after crime films such as David Fincher's *Seven* and *Zodiac*, as well as *Red Dragon*. Shirley's sons sing the Radiohead song "Creep" in the opening scene in the style of the initial trailer for Fincher's *The Social Network*. The ending of the episode is similar to the ending of *Batman: The Long Halloween*, with multiple different characters being shown as possible culprits to the crime.

## Reception

### Ratings

The episode was watched by 3.58 million American viewers, and received an 18–49 rating/share of 1.4/4. This presents a rise in viewers and ratings from the season premiere, which was watched by 3.49 million viewers and received an 18–49 rating/share of 1.3/4. The show placed second in its timeslot behind *The Big Bang Theory*, and seventh for the night.

### Critical reception

The episode was received positively by critics. Eric Goldman of *IGN* gave the episode a 9.5 out of 10, signaling highly positive reviews, saying "Season 5’s first focused “parody” episode was a standout installment of Community. The Seven homages were terrific and hysterical and this will likely be one of the most quoted Community episodes ever among fans, with one awesome line after another. In fact, it was difficult stopping this review from simply naming one highlight after another. While the focus was on Annie and Jeff, this episode also managed to give pretty much every character at least one great line or moment, including Shirley's 'He should be the run on sentence Bandit', Abed's 'Mildly autistic super detectives everywhere!' run, Chang's backwards butt costume and Britta naming every possible meaning for the Ass Crack Bandit's crimes." He also called Jeff and Annie's storyline in this episode "one of the best uses of this show’s 'Will they or won’t they?' dynamic yet." Also, in regard to the episode's ending with the revelation of Pierce's death, Goldman said "The news of Pierce’s death in the midst of all this was certainly a shock and a bit of a jolt to the system, given the episode was in such a specific zone up until then. That was the point, of course – and Neil’s somber eulogy, followed by “Up next on the dial is Dr. Farts” was hysterical."

Alan Sepinwall of *HitFix* noted Pierce's death, saying "I'm glad Harmon and Chase were able to work out one final appearance for him before bumping off Pierce, and introducing his death here lent some gravity to all the silliness between Jeff, Annie and the Ass Crack Bandit, whomever he or she may be."

Ray Rahman of *Entertainment Weekly* praised the episode's use of the parody, saying "the episode was a committed (and thoroughly hilarious) genre parody of David Fincher-style suspense thrillers. And it went full-on macro, venturing into new and unknown regions of the Greendale universe, turning the community college into a Springfield of its own. Not that I don’t like those bottle-episodey group therapy sessions where the only things that are explored are feelings and emotions — those are also great, but these are a little greater if you ask me."

Britt Hayes of *ScreenCrush* gave the episode a positive review, saying "Of everything in tonight’s episode, Troy might be my favorite, and maybe I'm a bit partial to Donald Glover since he’s leaving us pretty soon, but his Ass Crack Bandit victim with PTSD schtick was beautifully dramatized with a great payoff." She also noted the episode's ending, saying:

> "the way this week’s episode builds to its Fincheresque climax — with Annie and Jeff on the cusp of solving the crime during a big student gathering, a couple of clever misdirects, and then the pair losing their bad guy at the last minute — only to slide gracefully into Shirley announcing the death of Pierce was quite moving. It really highlights the way that this group exists in their own little Greendale microcosm filled with adventures (like these theme episodes) that distract them from the realities of everyday life, like old friends passing away. While they were busy trying to find a prankster who likes to shove quarters down butt cracks, their friend was off somewhere taking his last breath. Amid all the clever gags and moments of laughter, this show still finds time to have a huge, beating heart in the center of it all, and Dan Harmon balances it all so, so well."

Emily VanDerWerff of *The A.V. Club* gave the episode a B+, saying "I was impressed with a lot of it while never quite embracing it as fully as I might have. It’s weird, but after the one-two punch of the one-hour premiere (and after seeing next week’s episode), a little part of me was momentarily irritated by seeing a concept episode, particularly when such a thing used to be one of my favorite reasons to watch the show. The episode quickly won it over—again, it said “butts” a lot—but I found myself kind of wanting more “normal Greendale” adventures going in, and that may have affected my opinion a bit in the early going."

Tim Surette of *TV.com* gave the episode a more mixed review, saying the episode "was a pretty good *Community* spoof, ~~butt~~ but it lacked a character story to anchor it to the rest of the season, in contrast to other Community parody episodes like 'Pillows & Blankets,' 'Critical Film Studies,' and 'Contemporary American Poultry.' Don't get me wrong, I loved the episode and I wish I could British high-five it, but it's my job to raise discussion points."

## InfoBox

| "**Basic Intergluteal Numismatics**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Community* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 5
Episode 3 |
| Directed by | Tristram Shapeero |
| Written by | Erik Sommers |
| Production code | 505 |
| Original air date | January 9, 2014 (2014-01-09) |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


title: 2009 in Ecuadorian football

abstract: The 2009 season is the 87th season of competitive football in Ecuador.

text:
# 2009 in Ecuadorian football

The **2009 season** is the 87th season of competitive football in Ecuador.

## National leagues

### Serie A

### Serie B

### Segunda

## Clubs in international competitions

| Team | 2009 Copa Libertadores | 2009 Copa Sudamericana | 2009 Recopa Sudamericana |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Deportivo Cuenca | Eliminated in the Round of 16 | N/A | N/A |
| Deportivo Quito | Eliminated in the Second Stage | N/A | N/A |
| El Nacional | Eliminated in the First Stage | N/A | N/A |
| Emelec | N/A | Eliminated in the Round of 16 | N/A |
| LDU Quito | Eliminated in the Second Stage | Winner | Winner |

## National team

### Senior team

#### 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifiers

The senior team finished all their qualifying games this year. They failed to qualify to their third successive FIFA World Cup.

| Ecuador | 1  1 | Brazil |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Noboa  89' | Report | Baptista  72' |

Estadio Olímpico Atahualpa, QuitoAttendance: 40,000Referee: Carlos Chandía (Chile)

---

| Ecuador | 1  1 | Paraguay |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Noboa  63' | Report | Benítez  90+3' |

Estadio Olímpico Atahualpa, QuitoAttendance: 36,853Referee: Wilmar Roldán (Colombia)

---

| Peru | 1  2 | Ecuador |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Vargas  52' | Report | Montero  38'
Tenorio  58' |

Estadio Monumental "U", LimaAttendance: 17,050Referee: Carlos Torres (Paraguay)

---

| Ecuador | 2  0 | Argentina |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ayoví  72'
Palacios  83' | Report |  |

Estadio Olímpico Atahualpa, QuitoAttendance: 36,359Referee: Carlos Chandía (Chile)

---

| Colombia | 2  0 | Ecuador |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Martínez  82'
Gutiérrez  90+4' | Report |  |

Estadio Atanasio Girardot, MedellínAttendance: 42,000Referee: Sergio Pezzotta (Argentina)

---

| Bolivia | 1  3 | Ecuador |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Yecerotte  85' | Report | Méndez  4'
Valencia  46'
Benítez  56' |

Estadio Hernando Siles, La PazAttendance: 10,200Referee: Héctor Baldassi (Argentina)

---

| Ecuador | 1  2 | Uruguay |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Valencia  67' | Report | Suárez  69'
Forlán  90+4' (pen.) |

Estadio Olímpico Atahualpa, QuitoAttendance: 42,700Referee: Salvio Fagundes (Brazil)

---

| Chile | 1  0 | Ecuador |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Suazo  51' | Report |  |

Estadio Monumental, SantiagoAttendance: 47,000Referee: Carlos Torres (Paraguay)

#### Friendlies

| Ecuador | 3  2 | England U-21 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Guerrón  52'
Palacios  53'
Caicedo  81' | Report | Johnson  13'
Campbell  41' |

Estadio La Rosaleda, Málaga, SpainReferee: Mario Melero López (Spain)

*Note: This is an unofficial international friendly.*

---

| Ecuador | 1  3 | El Salvador |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Jefferson Montero  8' |  | Romero  10', 51'
Corrales  45' |

Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, Los Angeles, United States

---

| Ecuador | 0  0 | Jamaica |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Giants Stadium, East Rutherford, New Jersey, United StatesReferee: Jair Marrufo (United States)

### Under-20 team

The under-20 team participated in the 2009 South American Youth Championship in Venezuela. They were eliminated by coin toss.

| Peru | 1  2 | Ecuador |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Barros  28' (pen.) | Report | Rojas  4', 22' |

Estadio Monumental de Maturín, MaturínAttendance: 30,000Referee: Líber Prudente (Uruguay)

---

| Ecuador | 0  0 | Venezuela |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Estadio Monumental de Maturín, MaturínAttendance: 10,000Referee: Antonio Arias (Paraguay)

---

| Ecuador | 0  0 | Colombia |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Estadio Monumental de Maturín, MaturínReferee: Salvio Fagundes (Brazil)

---

| Argentina | 2  2 | Ecuador |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gaitán  32'
Bella  79' | Report | Pinto  39'
Anangonó  78' |

Estadio Monumental de Maturín, MaturínAttendance: 2,000Referee: Salvio Fagundes (Brazil)

### Under-17 team

The 2009 South American Under-17 Football Championship was held in Chile, in which Ecuador's U-17 team participated. They were drawn into Group B, from which they managed to advance to the Final Group. They failed to qualified to the 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup in Nigeria.
**Group B matches**

| Venezuela | 0  2 | Ecuador |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Celi  62'
Tello  87' |

Estadio Tierra de Campeones, IquiqueReferee: Joaquín Antequera (Bolivia)

---

| Argentina | 1  1 | Ecuador |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Villalba  20' | Report | de la Cruz  58' (pen.) |

Estadio Tierra de Campeones, IquiqueReferee: Carlos Galeano (Paraguay)

---

| Chile | 1  0 | Ecuador |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Andia  87' | Report |  |

Estadio Tierra de Campeones, IquiqueAttendance: 5,000Referee: Joaquín Antequera (Bolivia)

---

| Uruguay | 1  1 | Ecuador |
| --- | --- | --- |
| de los Santos  2' | Report | de la Cruz  23' (pen.) |

Estadio Tierra de Campeones, IquiqueReferee: Víctor Hugo Carrillo (Peru)

**Final Group matches**

| Colombia | 3  0 | Ecuador |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cardona  1', 27', 40' (pen.) | Report |  |

Estadio Tierra de Campeones, IquiqueAttendance: 2,000Referee: Jorge Osorio (Chile)

---

| Ecuador | 1  4 | Bolivia |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Villaprado  73' | Report | Álvarez  29', 35'
Galindo  65'
Castro  74' |

Estadio Tierra de Campeones, IquiqueAttendance: 3,000Referee: Víctor Hugo Carrillo (Peru)

---

| Ecuador | 1  3 | Uruguay |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Caicedo  79' | Report | Barreto  35' (pen.)
Luna  53', 58' |

Estadio Tierra de Campeones, IquiqueAttendance: 2,000Referee: Diego Abal (Argentina)

## InfoBox

Football in Ecuador
| Season | 2009 |
| --- | --- |
|  | |


abstract: Group C of the 2018 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup took place from 22 to 25 September 2018. The group consisted of Belgium, Japan, Puerto Rico and Spain. The top team advanced to the quarterfinals while the second and third placed team played in a qualification round.

text:
# 2018 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup Group C

**Group C of the 2018 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup** took place from 22 to 25 September 2018. The group consisted of Belgium, Japan, Puerto Rico and Spain.

The top team advanced to the quarterfinals while the second and third placed team played in a qualification round.

## Teams

| Team | Qualification | | Appearance | | | Best Performance | FIBA World Ranking | FIBA Zone Ranking |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Method | Date | Last | Total | Streak | | | |
| Belgium | EuroBasket Women | 22 June 2017 |  | 1 | 1 | Debut | 78 | 23 |
| Japan | Women's Asia Cup | 27 July 2017 | 2014 | 13 | 3 | Runners-up (1975) | 13 |  |
| Puerto Rico | Women's AmeriCup | 13 August 2017 |  | 1 | 1 | Debut | 22 |  |
| Spain | Host nation | 16 December 2014 | 2014 | 7 | 7 | Runners-up (2014) | 2 |  |

## Standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Belgium | 3 | 2 | 1 | 233 | 176 | +57 | 5 | Quarterfinals |
| 2 | Spain (H) | 3 | 2 | 1 | 225 | 196 | +29 | 5 | Qualification round |
| 3 | Japan | 3 | 2 | 1 | 217 | 220 | 3 | | 5 |
| 4 | Puerto Rico | 3 | 0 | 3 | 150 | 233 | 83 | 3 |  |

Source: FIBA
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Head-to-head results; 3) Points difference; 4) Points scored.
(H) Hosts
Notes:

## Matches

### Japan vs Spain

| Japan | 71**84** | **Spain** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** 10–**20**, 11–**19**, **27**–22, 23–23 | | |
| **Pts:** Miyazawa 12
**Rebs:** Miyazawa 6
**Asts:** Motohashi 5 |  | **Pts:** Xargay 15
**Rebs:** Nicholls 8
**Asts:** Palau 8 |

### Puerto Rico vs Belgium

| Puerto Rico | 36**86** | **Belgium** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** 3–**18**, 3–**30**, 12–**24**, **18**–14 | | |
| **Pts:** O'Neill 12
**Rebs:** Gwathmey 7
**Asts:** Meléndez 2 |  | **Pts:** Vanloo 17
**Rebs:** Meesseman 14
**Asts:** Carpréaux 7 |

### Belgium vs Japan

| Belgium | 75**77** (OT) | **Japan** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** 13–**17**, **19**–18, 18–**22**, **18**–11, **Overtime:** 7–**9** | | |
| **Pts:** Mestdagh 23
**Rebs:** Meesseman 18
**Asts:** Allemand 7 |  | **Pts:** Takada 26
**Rebs:** Miyazawa, Takada 6
**Asts:** Fujioka 8 |

### Spain vs Puerto Rico

| **Spain** | **78**53 | Puerto Rico |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** 8–**15**, **18**–10, **22**–10, **30**–18 | | |
| **Pts:** Ndour 22
**Rebs:** Gil 7
**Asts:** Palau 5 |  | **Pts:** O'Neill 17
**Rebs:** Meléndez 8
**Asts:** *three players* 2 |

### Japan vs Puerto Rico

| **Japan** | **69**61 | Puerto Rico |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** **23**–15, **20**–13, 10–**17**, 16–16 | | |
| **Pts:** Miyazawa 15
**Rebs:** Miyazawa 14
**Asts:** Machida 7 |  | **Pts:** Gwathmey 23
**Rebs:** O'Neill 9
**Asts:** Rosado 4 |

### Belgium vs Spain

| **Belgium** | **72**63 | Spain |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** **19**–15, **20**–17, **22**–14, 11–**17** | | |
| **Pts:** Mestdagh 21
**Rebs:** Meesseman, Raman 8
**Asts:** Allemand 6 |  | **Pts:** Torrens 16
**Rebs:** Nicholls 13
**Asts:** Palau 5 |

1. Competition schedule
2. Competition system


title: Ernst Meumann

abstract: Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Meumann was a German educator, pedagogist and psychologist, the co-founder of experimental pedagogy.

text:
# Ernst Meumann

**Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Meumann** (29 August 1862, Uerdingen, Krefeld – 26 April 1915, Hamburg, German Empire) was a German educator, pedagogist and psychologist, the co-founder of experimental pedagogy (the other is Wilhelm August Lay).

## Works

* *Die Sprache des Kindes* (1903)
* *Über Ökonomie und Technik des Lernens* (1903)
* *Der Verzug des Schuldners nach dem Recht des BGB für das Deutsche Reich* (1907, 1911)
* *Intelligenz und Wille.* (1908, 1913, 1920, 1925)
* *Ökonomie und Technik des Gedächtnisses* (1908)
* *Vorlesungen zur Einführung in die experimentelle Pädagogik* (1907, 1912, 1920)
* *System der Ästhetik* (1914)
* *Abriss der experimentellen Pädagogik* (1914)
* *The psychology of learning: an experimental investigation of the economy and technique of memory*. 2012, Nabu press. ISBN 9781279520284


title: Argument (literature)

abstract:
An argument in literature is a brief summary, often in prose, of a poem or section of a poem or other work. It is often appended to the beginning of each chapter, book, or canto. They were common during the Renaissance as a way to orient a reader within a large work. John Milton included arguments for each of the twelve books of the second edition of Paradise Lost, published in 1674. They present a concise but often simplified account of what happens in the book, though they seem not to be intended to have interpretive value, and they have been only sporadically referenced by critics. The first begins:
  - This first Book proposes, first in brief, the whole Subject, Mans disobedience, and the loss thereupon of Paradise wherein he was plac't: Then touches the prime cause of his fall, the Serpent, or rather Satan in the Serpent; who revolting from God, and drawing to his side many Legions of Angels, was by the command of God driven out of Heaven with all his Crew into the great Deep. The argument could also be in verse, as in Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando Furioso or William Blake's The Marriage of Heaven and Hell. Most arguments included in poems are written by the authors themselves, but in other cases they could be added subsequently by a printer or publisher to an earlier work. An example of modern literature using this technique is Vikram Seth's A Suitable Boy (1993), where each of the 19 sections are described by a rhyming couplet on the table of contents.

text:
# Argument (literature)

An **argument** in literature is a brief summary, often in prose, of a poem or section of a poem or other work. It is often appended to the beginning of each chapter, book, or canto. They were common during the Renaissance as a way to orient a reader within a large work.

John Milton included arguments for each of the twelve books of the second edition of *Paradise Lost*, published in 1674 (the original ten-book edition of 1667 did not include them). They present a concise but often simplified account of what *happens* in the book, though they seem not to be intended to have interpretive value, and they have been only sporadically referenced by critics. The first begins:

This first Book proposes, first in brief, the whole Subject, Mans disobedience, and the loss thereupon of Paradise wherein he was plac't: Then touches the prime cause of his fall, the Serpent, or rather Satan in the Serpent; who revolting from God, and drawing to his side many Legions of Angels, was by the command of God driven out of Heaven with all his Crew into the great Deep.

The argument could also be in verse, as in Ludovico Ariosto's *Orlando Furioso* or William Blake's The Marriage of Heaven and Hell. Most arguments included in poems are written by the authors themselves, but in other cases they could be added subsequently by a printer or publisher to an earlier work.

An example of modern literature using this technique is Vikram Seth's *A Suitable Boy* (1993), where each of the 19 sections are described by a rhyming couplet on the table of contents.


title: 2003–04 OK Liga

abstract: The 2003–04 OK Liga was the 35th season of the top-tier league of rink hockey in Spain. Barcelona Excelent finished the league as champion.

text:
# 2003–04 OK Liga

The **2003–04 OK Liga** was the 35th season of the top-tier league of rink hockey in Spain.

Barcelona Excelent finished the league as champion.

## Competition format

Sixteen teams joined the league.

The eight first teams at the end of the regular season qualified for the playoffs while the three last teams were relegated to Primera División.

## Regular season

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Barcelona Excelent | 30 | 24 | 3 | 3 | 132 | 47 | +85 | 75 | Qualification to playoffs |
| 2 | Alnimar Reus Deportiu | 30 | 20 | 5 | 5 | 103 | 55 | +48 | | 65 |
| 3 | Barna Work Igualada | 30 | 17 | 6 | 7 | 99 | 63 | +36 | | 57 |
| 4 | Noia Freixenet | 30 | 16 | 6 | 8 | 73 | 61 | +12 | | 54 |
| 5 | Liceo Vodafone | 30 | 16 | 2 | 12 | 95 | 87 | +8 | | 50 |
| 6 | Roncato Vic | 30 | 15 | 5 | 10 | 105 | 89 | +16 | | 50 |
| 7 | Grup Castillo Lleida | 30 | 13 | 10 | 7 | 92 | 75 | +17 | | 49 |
| 8 | Cemex Tenerife | 30 | 11 | 6 | 13 | 102 | 107 | 5 | | 39 |
| 9 | Viva Hàbitat Blanes | 30 | 10 | 6 | 14 | 68 | 71 | 3 | 36 |  |
| 10 | Celta Voltregà | 30 | 9 | 8 | 13 | 93 | 95 | 2 | | 35 |
| 11 | Vilanova L'Ull Blau | 30 | 9 | 8 | 13 | 98 | 116 | 18 | | 35 |
| 12 | Lloret | 30 | 9 | 5 | 16 | 82 | 97 | 15 | | 32 |
| 13 | Aiscondel Vila-seca | 30 | 9 | 4 | 17 | 81 | 103 | 22 | | 31 |
| 14 | Cibeles Deasa | 30 | 9 | 1 | 20 | 80 | 123 | 43 | 28 | Relegation to Primera División |
| 15 | Alcobendas | 30 | 8 | 3 | 19 | 73 | 120 | 47 | | 27 |
| 16 | Tordera | 30 | 3 | 6 | 21 | 83 | 150 | 67 | | 15 |

Source:

## Playoffs

All series were played with a best-of-five series.

Seeded teams played games 1, 2 and 5 of the series at home.

Source:

## Final standings

| Pos | Team | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Barcelona Excelent | CERH European League |
| 2 | Barna Work Igualada | |
| 3 | Alnimar Reus Deportiu | |
| 4 | Liceo Vodafone | |
| 5 | Noia Freixenet | CERS Cup |
| 6 | Roncato Vic | |
| 7 | Grup Castillo Lleida | |
| 8 | Cemex Tenerife |  |
| 9 | Viva Hàbitat Blanes | |
| 10 | Leche Celta Voltregà | |
| 11 | Vilanova L'Ull Blau | |
| 12 | Lloret | |
| 13 | Aiscondel Vila-seca | |
| 14 | Cibeles Deasa | Relegation to Primera División |
| 15 | Alcobendas | |
| 16 | Tordera | |

## Copa del Rey

2004 Copa del Rey
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Arena | Jerez de la Frontera |
| Dates | 25–28 March 2004 |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Liceo Vodafone |
| Runners-up | Barna Work Igualada |
|

The **2004 Copa del Rey** was the 61st edition of the Spanish men's roller hockey cup. It was played in Reus between the eight first qualified teams after the first half of the season.

Liceo Vodafone won its ninth title, the first one since 1997.

## InfoBox

| 2003–04 OK Liga | |
| --- | --- |
| League | OK Liga |
| Sport | Roller hockey |
| League champions | Barcelona Excelent |
| Runners-up | Barna Work Igualada |
| Relegated to Primera División | Cibeles Deasa
Alcobendas
Tordera |


abstract: Audubon Township is a township in Becker County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 416 at the 2000 census.

text:
# Audubon Township, Becker County, Minnesota

**Audubon Township** is a township in Becker County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 416 at the 2000 census.

## History

Audubon Township was organized in 1871. It was named after naturalist John James Audubon.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 35.4 square miles (92 km2), of which 32.3 square miles (84 km2) is land and 3.0 square miles (7.8 km2) (8.59%) is water.

The city of Audubon is entirely within this township geographically but is a separate entity.

### Major highway

### Lakes

* Audubon Lake
* Barne Lake
* Barnes Lake
* Berseth Lake
* Bluebird Lake
* Boardson Lake
* Boyer Lake (east quarter)
* Canary Lake
* Cravath Lake (south half)
* Dahlberg Lake (northeast edge)
* Gilbertson Lake
* Joy Lake
* Larson Lake
* Leaf Lake (northeast edge)
* Little Cormorant Lake (vast majority)
* Lake Minnetonka
* Marshall Lake
* Mc Kinstry Lake
* Reep Lake
* Robin Lake

### Adjacent townships

### Cemeteries

The township contains these four cemeteries: Audubon, Cook Family, Felker and Immanuel.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 416 people, 162 households, and 129 families residing in the township. The population density was 12.9 inhabitants per square mile (5.0/km2). There were 224 housing units at an average density of 6.9 per square mile (2.7/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 97.12% White, 0.72% Native American, and 2.16% from two or more races.

There were 162 households, out of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.1% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.8% were non-families. 18.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the township the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 4.3% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.0 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $40,000, and the median income for a family was $46,458. Males had a median income of $25,179 versus $28,750 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,650. About 4.9% of families and 9.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.9% of those under age 18 and 14.0% of those age 65 or over.

## InfoBox

| Audubon Township, Minnesota | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Audubon Township, MinnesotaLocation within the state of MinnesotaAudubon Township, MinnesotaAudubon Township, Minnesota (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 46°51′1″N 95°59′39″W / 46.85028°N 95.99417°W / 46.85028; -95.99417 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Minnesota |
| County | Becker |
| Area | |
| Total | 35.4 sq mi (91.7 km2) |
| Land | 32.4 sq mi (83.8 km2) |
| Water | 3.0 sq mi (7.9 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,319 ft (402 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 416 |
| Density | 12.9/sq mi (5.0/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 56511 |
| Area code | 218 |
| FIPS code | 27-02746 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0663476 |


title: Euchromius scobiolae

abstract: Euchromius scobiolae is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Stanisław Błeszyński in 1965. It is found in Afghanistan (Kuschk), Turkmenistan (Buchara) and Tajikistan.

text:
# Euchromius scobiolae

***Euchromius scobiolae*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Stanisław Błeszyński in 1965. It is found in Afghanistan (Kuschk), Turkmenistan (Buchara) and Tajikistan.

## InfoBox

| *Euchromius scobiolae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Subfamily: | Crambinae |
| Tribe: | Euchromiini |
| Genus: | *Euchromius* |
| Species: | ***E. scobiolae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Euchromius scobiolae***<br>Błeszyński, 1965 | |
|