title: Etak (navigation)

abstract: etak is a word of Micronesian origin for a distinctive cognitive and mnemonic approach to oceanic navigation and orientation involving a notional reference point or "island", called etak, and triangulation based on it. The system under that name was found in the Caroline Islands, and the literal meaning of etak is "refuge". Alfred Gell described it as a way of encoding dead reckoning applied to sea journeys. It is an example of a dynamic cognitive map.

text:
# Etak (navigation)

***etak*** is a word of Micronesian origin for a distinctive cognitive and mnemonic approach to oceanic navigation and orientation involving a notional reference point or "island", called *etak*, and triangulation based on it. The system under that name was found in the Caroline Islands, and the literal meaning of *etak* is "refuge". Alfred Gell described it as a way of encoding dead reckoning applied to sea journeys. It is an example of a dynamic cognitive map.

## Technique

The *etak* is used abstractly, because its typical distance from the route taken exceeds that to the horizon. Star sightings are used to refer to its current bearings from the boat. The navigational stars that are referred to therefore change during a leg of a voyage with a given *etak*. This phenomenon leads to the use of a relative frame, in which the boat is considered to be at rest, while the *etak* moves. Equivalently, the *etak* is the common point of a pencil of lines, based at the vertex of a triangle opposite the route of the boat. The lines are named in terms of celestial navigation.

## Field work

Navigation on the islands of Puluwat, Satawal and Woleai was described in published work by Ernst Sarfert in 1911, and in later work by Sarfert and Hans Damm of 1935. The practical techniques used by the navigators of ocean-going canoes were researched by Thomas Gladwin and David Lewis, and published in the early 1970s.


abstract: The 2013–14 Savannah State Tigers basketball team represented Savannah State University during the 2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Tigers, led by ninth year head coach Horace Broadnax, played their home games at Tiger Arena and were members of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference. They finished the season 13–19, 10–6 in MEAC play to finish in fifth place. They advanced to the quarterfinals of the MEAC tournament where they lost to Norfolk State. In 2019, all 13 wins were vacated due to academic certification errors.

text:
# 2013–14 Savannah State Tigers basketball team

2013–14 MEAC men's basketball standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | PCT |  |  | W |  | L |  | PCT |
| North Carolina Central | 15 |  | 1 |  | .938 |  |  | 28 |  | 6 |  | .824 |
| Hampton | 13 |  | 3 |  | .813 |  |  | 18 |  | 13 |  | .581 |
| Norfolk State | 11 |  | 5 |  | .688 |  |  | 19 |  | 15 |  | .559 |
| Morgan State | 11 |  | 5 |  | .688 |  |  | 15 |  | 16 |  | .484 |
| Savannah State | 10 |  | 6 |  | .625 |  |  | 13 |  | 19 |  | .406 |
| Florida A&M | 8 |  | 8 |  | .500 |  |  | 14 |  | 18 |  | .438 |
| Coppin State | 7 |  | 9 |  | .438 |  |  | 12 |  | 20 |  | .375 |
| Delaware State | 5 |  | 11 |  | .313 |  |  | 9 |  | 21 |  | .300 |
| South Carolina State | 5 |  | 11 |  | .313 |  |  | 9 |  | 21 |  | .300 |
| North Carolina A&T | 5 |  | 11 |  | .313 |  |  | 9 |  | 23 |  | .281 |
| Howard | 5 |  | 11 |  | .313 |  |  | 8 |  | 25 |  | .242 |
| Bethune–Cookman | 5 |  | 11 |  | .313 |  |  | 7 |  | 25 |  | .219 |
| Maryland Eastern Shore | 4 |  | 12 |  | .250 |  |  | 6 |  | 24 |  | .200 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2014 MEAC tournament winner
 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **2013–14 Savannah State Tigers basketball team** represented Savannah State University during the 2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Tigers, led by ninth year head coach Horace Broadnax, played their home games at Tiger Arena and were members of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference. They finished the season 13–19, 10–6 in MEAC play to finish in fifth place. They advanced to the quarterfinals of the MEAC tournament where they lost to Norfolk State.

In 2019, all 13 wins were vacated due to academic certification errors.

## Roster

| Number | Name | Position | Height | Weight | Year | Hometown |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Alante Fenner | Guard | 6–5 | 180 | Freshman | Lake Wales, Florida |
| 2 | Khiry White | Guard | 6–3 | 180 | Senior | Columbus, Georgia |
| 4 | Saadig Muhammad | Forward | 6–7 | 210 | Freshman | Savannah, Georgia |
| 5 | Jarvaris Jenkins | Guard/Forward | 6–5 | 200 | Freshman | Deerfield Beach, Florida |
| 10 | Patrick Hendley | Guard | 6–4 | 190 | Senior | Orange Park, Florida |
| 11 | Stephen Wilson | Guard | 6–1 | 160 | Senior | Jonesboro, Georgia |
| 12 | Joshua Montgomery | Forward | 6–4 | 195 | Senior | Smyrna, Georgia |
| 14 | Whitley Carter | Guard | 5–9 | 145 | Freshman | Lithia Springs, Georgia |
| 15 | Keierre Richards | Guard | 6–1 | 180 | Junior | Powder Springs, Georgia |
| 20 | Deven Williams | Guard | 6–0 | 205 | Senior | Indianapolis, Indiana |
| 22 | Terel Hall | Guard | 6–1 | 185 | Junior | Dawson, Georgia |
| 30 | Jeremiah Hill | Guard | 6–1 | 175 | Freshman | Richmond Hill, Georgia |
| 33 | Angelo Davis | Guard | 6–2 | 175 | Senior | Savannah, Georgia |
| 42 | Hikeem Champaigne | Forward/Center | 6–9 | 216 | Junior | Charleston, South Carolina |
| 44 | Jyles Smith | Forward | 6–9 | 215 | Senior | Fairburn, Georgia |

## Schedule

| Date
time, TV | Opponent | Result | Record | Site (attendance)
city, state |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Exhibition | | | | | | | | |
| 10/31/2013*
8:00 pm | Armstrong Atlantic State | **W** 73–61 |
 | Tiger Arena (3,945)
Savannah, GA |
| Regular season | | | | | | | | |
| 11/08/2013*
7:00 pm | at Pittsburgh | **L** 55–88 | 0–1
 | Petersen Events Center (9,235)
Pittsburgh, PA |
| 11/09/2013*
7:00 pm | at Robert Morris | **L** 66–86 | 0–2
 | Charles L. Sewall Center (1,124)
Moon Township, PA |
| 11/12/2013*
7:00 pm | Tennessee Temple | **W** 73–63 | 1–2
 | Tiger Arena (1,330)
Savannah, GA |
| 11/14/2013*
7:00 pm | Florida National | **W** 87–60 | 2–2
 | Tiger Arena (1,110)
Savannah, GA |
| 11/18/2013*
7:30 pm | at North Florida | **L** 63–66 | 2–3
 | UNF Arena (1,041)
Jacksonville, FL |
| 11/21/2013*
7:00 pm | vs. Lamar
*Global Sports Hoops Showcase* | **L** 66–75 | 2–4
 | Jon M. Huntsman Center (293)
Salt Lake City, UT |
| 11/22/2013*
6:00 pm | vs. Grand Canyon
*Global Sports Hoops Showcase* | **L** 71–72 | 2–5
 | Jon M. Huntsman Center (275)
Salt Lake City, UT |
| 11/23/2013*
7:00 pm, P12N | at Utah
*Global Sports Hoops Showcase* | **L** 57–71 | 2–6
 | Jon M. Huntsman Center (7,568)
Salt Lake City, UT |
| 11/26/2013*
7:00 pm | North Florida | **L** 61–65 | 2–7
 | Tiger Arena (630)
Savannah, GA |
| 12/10/2013*
8:00 pm | at Northern Iowa | **L** 50–55 | 2–8
 | McLeod Center (3,145)
Cedar Falls, IA |
| 12/12/2013*
8:00 pm, RSN | at Arkansas | **L** 43–72 | 2–9
 | Bud Walton Arena (11,449)
Fayetteville, AR |
| 12/19/2013*
7:00 pm | Miami (FL) | **L** 51–68 | 2–10
 | Tiger Arena (3,370)
Savannah, GA |
| 12/29/2013*
3:00 pm, Sun | at No. 13 Florida | **L** 34–76 | 2–11
 | O'Connell Center (10,508)
Gainesville, FL |
| 01/03/2014*
8:00 pm, FSSW+ | at No. 9 Baylor | **L** 50–80 | 2–12
 | Ferrell Center (5,685)
Waco, TX |
| 01/06/2014
8:00 pm | Maryland Eastern Shore | **W** 66–42 | 3–12 (1–0)
 | Tiger Arena (410)
Savannah, GA |
| 01/11/2014
4:00 pm | at Coppin State | **W** 75–53 | 4–12 (2–0)
 | Physical Education Complex (671)
Baltimore, MD |
| 01/13/2014
7:30 pm | at Howard | **W** 56–54 | 5–12 (3–0)
 | Burr Gymnasium (2,750)
Washington, D.C. |
| 01/18/2014
6:00 pm | Bethune-Cookman | **W** 70–60 OT | 6–12 (4–0)
 | Tiger Arena (3,220)
Savannah, GA |
| 01/20/2014
8:00 pm | Florida A&M | **W** 79–68 | 7–12 (5–0)
 | Tiger Arena (3,650)
Savannah, GA |
| 01/25/2014
6:00 pm | Hampton | **L** 71–80 | 7–13 (5–1)
 | Tiger Arena (2,010)
Savannah, GA |
| 01/27/2014
8:00 pm | Norfolk State | **L** 49–56 | 7–14 (5–2)
 | Tiger Arena (1,860)
Savannah, GA |
| 02/01/2014
4:00 pm | at Bethune-Cookman | **W** 50–40 | 8–14 (6–2)
 | Moore Gymnasium (1,075)
Daytona Beach, FL |
| 02/03/2014
4:00 pm | at Florida A&M | **L** 51–54 | 8–15 (6–3)
 | Teaching Gym (1,804)
Tallahassee, FL |
| 02/10/2014
7:30 pm | at Delaware State | **L** 59–79 | 8–16 (6–4)
 | Memorial Hall (479)
Dover, DE |
| 02/15/2014
6:00 pm | North Carolina A&T | **W** 73–48 | 9–16 (7–4)
 | Tiger Arena (2,612)
Savannah, GA |
| 02/17/2014
8:00 pm | North Carolina Central | **L** 62–76 | 9–17 (7–5)
 | Tiger Arena (1,230)
Savannah, GA |
| 02/22/2014
6:00 pm | at South Carolina State | **W** 75–65 | 10–17 (8–5)
 | SHM Memorial Center (927)
Orangeburg, SC |
| 03/01/2014
6:00 pm | at North Carolina A&T | **W** 71–67 OT | 11–17 (9–5)
 | Corbett Sports Center (1,009)
Greensboro, NC |
| 03/03/2014
7:30 pm | at North Carolina Central | **L** 57–64 OT | 11–18 (9–6)
 | McLendon–McDougald Gymnasium (2,732)
Durham,, NC |
| 03/06/2014
8:00 pm | South Carolina State | **W** 69–50 | 12–18 (10–6)
 | Tiger Arena (2,300)
Savannah, GA |
| MEAC tournament | | | | | | | | |
| 03/10/2014
9:00 pm | vs. South Carolina State
*First round* | **W** 61–47 | 13–18
 | Norfolk Scope (N/A)
Norfolk, VA |
| 03/13/2014
8:00 pm | vs. Norfolk State
*Quarterfinals* | **L** 47–57 | 13–19
 | Norfolk Scope (N/A)
Norfolk, VA |
| *Non-conference game. #Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses.
All times are in Eastern Time. | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 2013–14 Savannah State Tigers men's basketball | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conference | Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference |
| Record | 0–19, 13 wins vacated (0–6 MEAC, 10 wins vacated) |
| Head coach |  |
| Assistant coaches |  |
| Home arena | Tiger Arena |
|


abstract: The Women's individual kata competition at the 2023 European Karate Championships was held on 22 and 25 March 2023.

text:
# 2023 European Karate Championships – Women's individual kata

The **Women's individual kata** competition at the 2023 European Karate Championships was held on 22 and 25 March 2023.

## Results

### Round 1

| Rank | Pool 1 | | Pool 2 | | Pool 3 | | Pool 4 | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Athlete | Total | Athlete | Total | Athlete | Total | Athlete | Total |
| 1 | Terryana D'Onofrio | 42.2 | Paola García | 41.9 | Georgia Xenou | 40.3 | Dilara Bozan | 40.8 |
| 2 | Ana Sofia Cruz | 40.7 | Jasmin Jüttner | 41.2 | Veronika Mišková | 40.2 | Helvétia Taily | 39.4 |
| 3 | Sara Malčec | 38.4 | Jana Vaňušaniková | 38.6 | Laura Sterck | 38.7 | Bojana Mladežić | 36.6 |
| 4 | Soraya Wahjudi | 38.2 | Patricia Bahledova | 37.6 | Biserka Radulović | 38.3 | Nicole Turner | 36.2 |
| 5 | Melinda Mark | 37.2 | Isidora Borovčanin | 36.0 | Bess Mänty | 37.0 | Martina Arsovska | 35.4 |
| 6 | Frederikke Bjerring | 36.6 | Eimear Porter | 34.6 | Halyna Zaporozhchenko | 36.1 | Chiara Manca | 34.9 |
| 7 | Anna Kowalska | 36.4 | Aileen Sprenger | 32.5 | Lana Nadizar | 35.2 | Elena Berezovskaia | 29.7 |
| 8 | Izabella Constanzo | 35.4 |

### Round 2

| Rank | Pool 1 | | Pool 2 | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Athlete | Total | Athlete | Total |
| 1 | Paola García | 42.3 | Helvétia Taily | 40.5 |
| 2 | Terryana D'Onofrio | 41.8 | Dilara Bozan | 40.5 |
| 3 | Ana Sofia Cruz | 40.8 | Veronika Mišková | 39.6 |
| 4 | Jasmin Jüttner | 39.7 | Georgia Xenou | 38.2 |
| 5 | Soraya Wahjudi | 38.3 | Biserka Radulović | 38.1 |
| 6 | Jana Vaňušaniková | 38.1 | Laura Sterck | 37.9 |
| 7 | Patricia Bahledova | 37.8 | Bojana Mladežić | 36.5 |
| 8 | Sara Malčec | 37.8 | Nicole Turner | 36.0 |

### Round 3

| Rank | Pool 1 | | Pool 2 | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Athlete | Total | Athlete | Total |
| 1 | Paola García | 44.3 | Helvétia Taily | 41.8 |
| 2 | Terryana D'Onofrio | 42.6 | Dilara Bozan | 41.3 |
| 3 | Ana Sofia Cruz | 41.3 | Veronika Mišková | 39.8 |
| 4 | Jasmin Jüttner | 40.9 | Georgia Xenou | 38.7 |

### Finals

|  | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
|  |  | |
|  | |
|  | **Paola García** | **42.6** |
|  | | |
|  | Helvétia Taily | 41.2 |
|  | | |

## InfoBox

| Women's individual kata <br>at the 2023 European Karate Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Palacio Multiusos de Guadalajara |
| Location | Guadalajara, Spain |
| Dates | 22, 25 March |
| Competitors | 29 from 29 nations |
| Medalists | |
| Spain  France  Italy  Turkey | |
|


title: Babylonian–Assyrian War of 1235 BCE

abstract: The Babylonian–Assyrian War of 1235 BCE was a military conflict that took place around 1235 BCE. It was fought between Babylonia led by Kashtiliash IV and Assyria led by Tukulti-Ninurta I. The war ended with Assyrian victory.

text:
# Babylonian–Assyrian War of 1235 BCE

The **Babylonian–Assyrian War of 1235 BCE** was a military conflict that took place around 1235 BCE. It was fought between Babylonia led by Kashtiliash IV and Assyria led by Tukulti-Ninurta I. The war ended with Assyrian victory.

## The conflict

According to his eponymous epic, Tukulti-Ninurta I, king of Assyria, was *provoked* into war by Kaštiliašu's dastardly preemptive attack on his territory, thereby breaching an earlier treaty between their ancestors Adad-nīrāri I and Kadašman-Turgu. But trouble may have been brewing for some time. Tudḫaliya, king of the Hittites, himself reeling from defeat by the Assyrians at the Battle of Nihriya, refers to the Babylonian king as his equal, in his treaty with his vassal, Šaušgamuwa of Amurru, hinting at the possible existence of an alliance or at least a tacit understanding between them. It reads:

> The kings who are equal to me (are) the king of Egypt, the king of Karanduniya (Babylon), the king of Assyria \<and the king of Aḫḫiyawa\>.
> And if the king of Karanduniya is My Majesty's friend, he shall also be your friend; but if he is My Majesty's enemy, he shall also be your enemy.
> Since the king of Assyria is My Majesty's enemy he shall also be your enemy.
> Your merchant shall not enter into Assyria and you shall not allow his merchant into your land. He shall not pass through your land.
> But if he enters into your land, you should seize him and send him off to My Majesty.
>
> Treaty between Tudḫaliya and Šaušgamuwa, Tablet A, column IV, lines 1-18 edited

Also, Kaštiliašu had granted land and presumably asylum to a Hurrian, a fugitive from Assyria's vassal Ḫanigalbat, commemorated on the Tablet of Akaptaḫa. He also reconfirmed a large gift of land on a kudurru that had been provided to Uzub-Šiḫu or -Šipak by the Kassite king, Kurigalzu II (c. 1332-1308 BC) in grateful recognition of his service in an earlier war against Assyria.

Tukulti-Ninurta petitioned the god Šamaš before beginning his counteroffensive. Kaštiliašu was captured, single-handed by Tukulti-Ninurta according to his account, who “trod with my feet upon his lordly neck as though it were a footstool” and deported him ignominiously in chains to Assyria. The victorious Assyrian demolished the walls of Babylon, massacred many of the inhabitants, pillaged and plundered his way across the city to the Esagila temple, where he made off with the statue of Marduk. He then proclaimed himself “king of Karduniash, king of Sumer and Akkad, king of Sippar and Babylon, king of Tilmun and Meluhha.” Middle Assyrian texts recovered at modern Tell Sheikh Hamad, ancient Dūr-Katlimmu, which was the regional capital of the vassal Ḫanigalbat, include a letter from Tukulti-Ninurta to his grand vizier, Aššur-iddin advising him of the approach of Šulman-mušabši escorting a Babylonian king, who may have been Kaštiliašu, his wife, and his retinue which incorporated a large number of women, on his way to exile after his defeat. The journey to Dūr-Katlimmu seems to have traveled via Jezireh.

The conflict, and its outcome, is recorded in the Tukulti-Ninurta Epic, a poetic “victory song”, which has been recovered in several lengthy fragments, somewhat reminiscent of the earlier account of Adad-nīrāri's victory over Nazi-Maruttaš. It would lend its form to later Assyrian epics such as that of Shalmaneser III, concerning his campaign in Ararat. Written strictly from the Assyrian point of view, it provides a strongly biased narrative. Tukulti-Ninurta is portrayed as an innocent victim of the invidious Kaštiliašu, who is contrasted as “the transgressor of an oath”, and who has so vexed the gods that they have abandoned their sanctuaries.

More succinct accounts of these events are also inscribed on five large limestone tablets which were imbedded in Tukulti-Ninurta's construction projects as foundation stones, for example the *Annals of Tukulti-Ninurta*, carved on a slab which was buried in or under the wall of his purpose-built capital, Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta.

## InfoBox

| Babylonian–Assyrian War of 1235 BCE | |
| --- | --- |
| Date c. 1235 BCE  Location Babylonia and Assyria  Result  Assyrian victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Babylonia | Assyria |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Kashtiliash IV (POW) | Tukulti-Ninurta I |


title: Barbara Seal

abstract: Barbara Seal is a former judge from Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Seal has been involved in a number of community organisations and foundations, serving in both leadership and advisory roles. Seal was appointed as judge of Canada's citizenship court in 1997, retiring in 2016. Seal is a recipient of the Order of Canada Award (OAM).

text:
# Barbara Seal

**Barbara Seal** is a former judge from Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Seal has been involved in a number of community organisations and foundations, serving in both leadership and advisory roles. Seal was appointed as judge of Canada's citizenship court in 1997, retiring in 2016. Seal is a recipient of the Order of Canada Award (OAM).

## Career

Barbara Seal is a former city councillor for the city of Hampstead, Quebec.

## Charity work

Seal's charity and community leadership work has included membership on the boards of the Children's Wish Foundation, the Canadian Cancer Society. In the arts, Judge Seal has served on the boards of Place des Arts, the Montreal Arts Council, and serves on the board of directors for the National Arts Centre Foundation. She is the National President of the Canadian Friends of Tel Aviv University.

## Barbara Seal Scholarship

In 2012, Seal established the Barbara Seal Scholarship for Newcomers to Canada at McGill University, dedicated to permanent residents and new citizens.


title: Balinakill House

abstract: Balinakill House is a Victorian manor house to the east of the village of Clachan, Kintyre, Argyll and Bute, Scotland. The house was built by Sir William Mackinnon, 1st Baronet of Strathaird and Loup, founder of the British India Steam Navigation Company, who purchased the estates of Balinakill and Loup in 1867. The house was completed in 1893. In 1941, the Keil School, Dumbarton, was moved to Balinakill House, due to the bombing attacks on the Glasgow area during World War II, and utilised the facilities for the duration of the war. Known as Balinakill Country House, it is currently available for exclusive use and holiday lets, and is protected as a category C listed building.

text:
# Balinakill House

**Balinakill House** is a Victorian manor house to the east of the village of Clachan, Kintyre, Argyll and Bute, Scotland.

The house was built by Sir William Mackinnon, 1st Baronet of Strathaird and Loup, founder of the British India Steam Navigation Company, who purchased the estates of Balinakill and Loup in 1867. The house was completed in 1893.

In 1941, the Keil School, Dumbarton, was moved to Balinakill House, due to the bombing attacks on the Glasgow area during World War II, and utilised the facilities for the duration of the war.

Known as Balinakill Country House, it is currently available for exclusive use and holiday lets, and is protected as a category C listed building.

## Footnotes

## Bibliography

* Kintyre and Knapdale Parishes - Groome's Gazetteer - (1896 Edition)

55°44′50″N 5°33′2″W / 55.74722°N 5.55056°W / 55.74722; -5.55056


title: Assycuera scabricollis

abstract: Assycuera scabricollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Chemsak in 1963.

text:
# Assycuera scabricollis

***Assycuera scabricollis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Chemsak in 1963.

## InfoBox

| *Assycuera scabricollis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Assycuera* |
| Species: | ***A. scabricollis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Assycuera scabricollis***<br>(Chemsak, 1963) | |
|


title: 2009 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters

abstract: The 2009 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters was the twenty-third season of premier German touring car championship and also tenth season under the moniker of Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters since the series' resumption in 2000. The series began on 17 May at Hockenheim and finished on 25 October at the same venue. Timo Scheider successfully defended his championship title, taking his Audi A4 to a five-point series win over Mercedes-Benz driver Gary Paffett.

text:
# 2009 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters

Timo Scheider defended his second Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters Drivers' Championship while Gary Paffett (right) finished second in the championship.

The **2009 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters** was the twenty-third season of premier German touring car championship and also tenth season under the moniker of Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters since the series' resumption in 2000. The series began on 17 May at Hockenheim and finished on 25 October at the same venue.

Timo Scheider successfully defended his championship title, taking his Audi A4 to a five-point series win over Mercedes-Benz driver Gary Paffett.

## Teams and drivers

Of the nineteen drivers that competed in the 2008 season, only Bernd Schneider and Christijan Albers did not return. Rookies in 2009 are the Kolles Futurecom trio of Christian Bakkerud, Johannes Seidlitz and Tomáš Kostka. The following manufacturers, teams and drivers competed in the 2009 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters. All teams competed with tyres supplied by Dunlop.

| Make | Car | Team | No. | Drivers | Rounds |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Audi | Audi A4 DTM 2009 | Abt Sportsline | 1 | Timo Scheider | All |
| | | | 2 | Tom Kristensen | All |
| | | | 5 | Mattias Ekström | All |
| | | | 6 | Martin Tomczyk | All |
| | Audi A4 DTM 2008 | | 21 | Katherine Legge | All |
| | Team Rosberg | 11 | Mike Rockenfeller | All |
| | 12 | Markus Winkelhock | All |
| | Team Phoenix | 14 | Alexandre Prémat | All |
| | 15 | Oliver Jarvis | All |
| | Audi A4 DTM 2007 | Kolles Futurecom | 18 | Christian Bakkerud | 1–4, 6–10 |
| | | 19 | Johannes Seidlitz | 1–2, 5–10 |
| | | 20 | Tomáš Kostka | All |
| Mercedes-Benz | AMG-Mercedes C-Klasse 2009 | HWA Team | 3 | Paul di Resta | All |
| | | | 4 | Ralf Schumacher | All |
| | | | 9 | Bruno Spengler | All |
| | | | 10 | Gary Paffett | All |
| | AMG-Mercedes C-Klasse 2008 | Persson Motorsport | 7 | Jamie Green | All |
| | | 8 | Susie Stoddart | All |
| | Mücke Motorsport | 16 | Maro Engel | All |
| | 17 | Mathias Lauda | All |

## Driver changes

Katherine Legge moved from the Futurecom-TME team to a team created for her at Audi Sport Team Abt Lady Power, gaining a later model Audi with the change.

Christian Bakkerud joined the series coming from GP2 Series along with Formula Renault BARC driver Johannes Seidlitz both joining the Colin Kolles owned Futurecom-TME team with Czech Touring Car Championship racer Tomáš Kostka joining sister-team Futurecom-BRT.

Christijan Albers left DTM to pursue sports car racing with Kolles' Le Mans Series team and the most successful driver in the history of DTM, four-time champion Bernd Schneider retired from the sport.

## Technical changes

The series adopted new rule changes, as announced on 21 April 2009. Qualifying consisted of four sessions, rather than two in 2008. The minimum weights of the cars were also altered, with 2009 cars topping the scales at 1050 kg, 2008 cars at 1030 kg and 2007 machinery at 1010 kg.

## Race calendar and results

To avoid a clash of coverage times with the 2009 Bahrain Grand Prix, the season opener traditionally held at Hockenheim took place on 17 May, three weeks later than originally planned. Consequently, the EuroSpeedway round that had been scheduled for this date was moved to 31 May. The Brands Hatch round was also moved back a week due to the 2009 Belgian Grand Prix, from 30 August to 6 September.

French circuit Dijon-Prenois made its maiden appearance on the DTM calendar holding the penultimate round of the season on 11 October. Italian circuit Mugello was dropped from the calendar.

| Round | Circuit | Date | Pole position | Fastest lap | Winning driver | Winning team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Hockenheimring | 17 May | Mattias Ekström | Mattias Ekström | Tom Kristensen | Abt Sportsline |
| 2 | EuroSpeedway Lausitz | 31 May | Mattias Ekström | Jamie Green | Gary Paffett | HWA Team |
| 3 | Norisring, Nuremberg | 28 June | Timo Scheider | Katherine Legge | Jamie Green | Persson Motorsport |
| 4 | Circuit Park Zandvoort | 19 July | Oliver Jarvis | Mattias Ekström | Gary Paffett | HWA Team |
| 5 | Motorsport Arena Oschersleben | 2 August | Tom Kristensen | Timo Scheider | Timo Scheider | Abt Sportsline |
| 6 | Nürburgring | 16 August | Martin Tomczyk | Mattias Ekström | Martin Tomczyk | Abt Sportsline |
| 7 | Brands Hatch, Kent | 6 September | Paul di Resta | Paul di Resta | Paul di Resta | HWA Team |
| 8 | Circuit de Catalunya, Barcelona | 20 September | Tom Kristensen | Timo Scheider | Timo Scheider | Abt Sportsline |
| 9 | Dijon-Prenois | 11 October | Bruno Spengler | Paul di Resta | Gary Paffett | HWA Team |
| 10 | Hockenheimring | 25 October | Mattias Ekström | Gary Paffett | Gary Paffett | HWA Team |

## Season results

Timo Scheider won his second DTM series crown for Audi team Abt Sportsline. With season long rival, Mercedes-Benz driver Gary Paffett taking four wins through the season, and with Scheider disqualified from the results at Zandvoort mid-season, left Scheider behind Paffett for much of the season. Schieder finished first or second in all bar one event for the remainder of the season after Zandvoort including victories at Oschersleben and Catalunya in an irresistible charge to the title. By the time Paffett returned to the podium with wins in the last two races of the year Scheider had built a points buffer large enough to secure the title.

Paul di Resta stood on the podium three times in the final four races, including a win at Brands Hatch to emerge from the pack in third place in the series pointscore, four points ahead of Bruno Spengler and Mattias Ekström. Apart from Scheider, Paffett and di Resta, race wins were taken by Tom Kristensen at the Hockenheim season opener, his last ever touring car victory before semi-retirement; Jamie Green at the Norisring street circuit and by Martin Tomczyk at the Nürburgring.

The combined efforts of Paffett and Spengler saw the HWA run Salzgitter / Mercedes-Benz Bank team claim the teams prize at season's end, 100 points to 85 points of the Abt Sportsline team of Scheider and Kristensen.

## Championship standings

### Drivers' championship

| Pos Driver HOC
 LAU
 NOR
 ZAN
 OSC
 NÜR
 BRH
 CAT
 DIJ
 HOC
 Points  1  Timo Scheider 2 5 **4** DSQ *1* 2 2 *1* 6 2 64  2  Gary Paffett Ret 1 5 1 5 8 4 4 1 *1* 59  3  Paul di Resta 5 4 7 6 4 Ret ***1*** 7 *2* 3 45  4  Bruno Spengler Ret 2 2 5 6 6 6 5 **3** 7 41  5  Mattias Ekström ***7*** **3** 3 *3* 2 *3* 5 6 9 **Ret** 41  6  Martin Tomczyk Ret Ret 11 4 3 **1** 3 3 7 Ret 35  7  Jamie Green 8 *6* 1 9 9 5 12 14 4 5 27  8  Tom Kristensen 1 12 8 8 **8** Ret 19† **2** DSQ 15 21  9  Oliver Jarvis 3 Ret Ret **2** 15† Ret 8 9 15 6 18  10  Markus Winkelhock 4 Ret 13 DSQ Ret 4 18† Ret 10 8 11  11  Ralf Schumacher 9 10 6 10 11 7 9 13 5 Ret 9  12  Maro Engel 6 8 Ret 7 7 12 10 10 12 10 8  13  Alexandre Prémat Ret Ret Ret DSQ 16† Ret 11 8 11 4 6  14  Mike Rockenfeller Ret 7 9 12† 13 10 7 12 13 9 4  15  Mathias Lauda 10 9 14 Ret 12 9 20† 11 8 14 1  16  Susie Stoddart Ret 11 10 11 10 11 13 15 14 16† 0  17  Tomáš Kostka 11 13 Ret Ret 14 15 14 16 17 11 0  18  Katherine Legge 12 Ret *12* Ret 17† Ret 15 Ret 16 17† 0  19  Christian Bakkerud 14 14 15 DSQ  13 16 17 Ret 12 0  20  Johannes Seidlitz 13 DNS   Ret 14 17 18 Ret 13 0  Pos Driver HOC
 LAU
 NOR
 ZAN
 OSC
 NÜR
 BRH
 CAT
 DIJ
 HOC
 Points | Colour Result  Gold Winner  Silver Second place  Bronze Third place  Green Points finish  Blue Non-points finish  Non-classified finish (NC)  Purple Retired (Ret)  Red Did not qualify (DNQ)  Did not pre-qualify (DNPQ)  Black Disqualified (DSQ)  White Did not start (DNS)  Withdrew (WD)  Race cancelled (C)  Blank Did not practice (DNP)  Did not arrive (DNA)  Excluded (EX)   **Bold** – Pole
*Italics* – Fastest Lap |
| --- | --- |

* — Driver retired, but was classified as they completed 90% of the winner's race distance.

### Teams' championship

| Pos. | Team | No. | HOC
 | LAU
 | NOR
 | ZAN
 | OSC
 | NÜR
 | BRH
 | CAT
 | DIJ
 | HOC
 | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Salzgitter / Mercedes-Benz Bank AMG | 9 | Ret | 2 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | **3** | 7 | 100 |
| | | 10 | Ret | 1 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 1 | *1* |
| 2 | Audi Sport Team Abt | 1 | 2 | 5 | **4** | DSQ | *1* | 2 | 2 | *1* | 6 | 2 | 85 |
| | | 2 | 1 | 12 | 8 | 8 | **8** | Ret | 19† | **2** | 18† | 15 |
| 3 | Audi Sport Team Abt Sportsline | 5 | ***7*** | **3** | 3 | *3* | 2 | *3* | 5 | 6 | 9 | **Ret** | 76 |
| | | 6 | Ret | Ret | 11 | 4 | 3 | **1** | 3 | 3 | 7 | Ret |
| 4 | Trilux AMG Mercedes | 3 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 4 | Ret | ***1*** | 7 | *2* | 3 | 54 |
| | | 4 | 9 | 10 | 6 | 10 | 11 | 7 | 9 | 13 | 5 | Ret |
| 5 | TV Spielfilm / Junge Sterne AMG Mercedes | 7 | 8 | *6* | 1 | 9 | 9 | 5 | 12 | 14 | 4 | 5 | 27 |
| | | 8 | Ret | 11 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 16† |
| 6 | Audi Sport Team Phoenix | 14 | Ret | Ret | Ret | DSQ | 16† | Ret | 11 | 8 | 11 | 4 | 24 |
| | | 15 | 3 | Ret | Ret | **2** | 15† | Ret | 8 | 9 | 15 | 6 |
| 7 | Audi Sport Team Rosberg | 11 | Ret | 7 | 9 | 12† | 13 | 10 | 7 | 12 | 13 | 9 | 15 |
| | | 12 | 4 | Ret | 13 | DSQ | Ret | 4 | 18† | Ret | 10 | 8 |
| 8 | GQ / stern AMG Mercedes | 16 | 6 | 8 | Ret | 7 | 7 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 10 | 9 |
| | | 17 | 10 | 9 | 14 | Ret | 12 | 9 | 20† | 11 | 8 | 14 |
| 9 | KOLLES Futurecom | 18 | 14 | 14 | 15 | DSQ |  | 13 | 16 | 17 | Ret | 12 | 0 |
| | | 19 | 13 | DNS |  |  | Ret | 14 | 17 | 18 | Ret | 13 |
| | | 20 | 11 | 13 | Ret | Ret | 14 | 15 | 14 | 16 | 17 | 11 |
| 10 | Audi Sport Team Abt Lady Power | 21 | 12 | Ret | *12* | Ret | 17† | Ret | 15 | Ret | 16 | 17† | 0 |
| Pos. | Team | No. | HOC
 | LAU
 | NOR
 | ZAN
 | OSC
 | NÜR
 | BRH
 | CAT
 | DIJ
 | HOC
 | Points |


abstract: The Executive Board of the European Central Bank is the organ responsible for implementing monetary policy for the Eurozone in line with the guidelines and decisions taken by the Governing Council of the European Central Bank. The executive board consists of the president, the vice-president and four other members, one of whom concurrently serves as ECB chief economist. All members are appointed by the European Council by qualified majority for a non-renewable eight-year term. As an exception, the officeholders appointed to the original board received staged terms so that one would be replaced each year. Under the ECB's rules board members do not represent a particular country, nor are they responsible for keeping track of economic conditions in one country. Instead, all board members are jointly responsible for monetary policy for the entire Euro area.

text:
# Executive Board of the European Central Bank

The **Executive Board of the European Central Bank** is the organ responsible for implementing monetary policy for the Eurozone in line with the guidelines and decisions taken by the Governing Council of the European Central Bank.

The executive board consists of the president, the vice-president and four other members, one of whom concurrently serves as ECB chief economist. All members are appointed by the European Council by qualified majority for a non-renewable eight-year term. As an exception, the officeholders appointed to the original board received staged terms so that one would be replaced each year. Under the ECB's rules board members do not *represent* a particular country, nor are they responsible for keeping track of economic conditions in one country. Instead, all board members are jointly responsible for monetary policy for the entire Euro area.

## Current members

The current members of the ECB Executive Board are as follows:

Composition of the Executive Board
|  | Name | Position | **Terms of office** | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Executive Board** | Christine Lagarde | President | 1 November 2019 | 31 October 2027 |
| | Luis de Guindos | Vice President | 1 June 2018 | 31 May 2026 |
| | Philip R. Lane | Member<br>Chief Economist | 1 June 2019 | 31 May 2027 |
| | Isabel Schnabel | Member | 1 January 2020 | 31 December 2027 |
| | Frank Elderson | Member | 15 December 2020 | 14 December 2028 |
| |
| Piero Cipollone | Member | 1 November 2023 | 31 October 2031 |

## List of Board members

The following is a list of past and present members of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank. A member serves for a non renewable term of eight year. Since the ECB was established in 1998, the following people have served as Executive Board members:

**Status**

Denotes a current member * *Italics* denotes date of term ending

| Name | State | Term start | Term end | Tenure length | Departure reason |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Wim Duisenberg | Netherlands | 1 June 1998 | 31 October 2003 | 5 years, 152 days | Resigned |
| Christian Noyer | France | 1 June 1998 | 31 May 2002 | 3 years, 364 days | Term ended |
| Sirkka Hämäläinen | Finland | 1 June 1998 | 31 May 2003 | 4 years, 364 days | Term ended |
| Eugenio Domingo Solans | Spain | 1 June 1998 | 31 May 2004 | 5 years, 365 days | Term ended |
| Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa | Italy | 1 June 1998 | 31 May 2005 | 6 years, 364 days | Term ended |
| Otmar Issing | Germany | 1 June 1998 | 31 May 2006 | 7 years, 364 days | Term ended |
| Lucas Papademos | Greece | 1 June 2002 | 31 May 2010 | 7 years, 364 days | Term ended |
| Gertrude Tumpel-Gugerell | Austria | 1 June 2003 | 31 May 2011 | 7 years, 364 days | Term ended |
| Jean-Claude Trichet | France | 1 November 2003 | 31 October 2011 | 7 years, 364 days | Term ended |
| José Manuel González-Paramo | Spain | 1 June 2004 | 31 May 2012 | 7 years, 365 days | Term ended |
| Lorenzo Bini Smaghi | Italy | 1 June 2005 | 31 December 2011 | 6 years, 213 days | Resigned |
| Jürgen Stark | Germany | 1 June 2006 | 31 December 2011 | 5 years, 213 days | Resigned |
| Vítor Constâncio | Portugal | 1 June 2010 | 31 May 2018 | 7 years, 364 days | Term ended |
| Peter Praet | Belgium | 1 June 2011 | 31 May 2019 | 7 years, 364 days | Term ended |
| Mario Draghi | Italy | 1 November 2011 | 31 October 2019 | 7 years, 364 days | Term ended |
| Jörg Asmussen | Germany | 1 January 2012 | 8 January 2014 | 2 years, 7 days | Resigned |
| Benoît Cœuré | France | 1 January 2012 | 31 December 2019 | 7 years, 364 days | Term ended |
| Yves Mersch | Luxembourg | 15 December 2012 | 14 December 2020 | 7 years, 365 days | Term ended |
| Sabine Lautenschläger | Germany | 27 January 2014 | 31 October 2019 | 5 years, 277 days | Resigned |
|
| Luis de Guindos | Spain | 1 June 2018 | *31 May 2026* | 6 years, 119 days | Incumbent |
|
| Philip R. Lane | Ireland | 1 June 2019 | *31 May 2027* | 5 years, 119 days | Incumbent |
|
| Christine Lagarde | France | 1 November 2019 | *31 October 2027* | 4 years, 332 days | Incumbent |
| Fabio Panetta | Italy | 1 January 2020 | 31 October 2023 | 3 years, 303 days | Resigned |
|
| Isabel Schnabel | Germany | 1 January 2020 | *31 December 2027* | 4 years, 271 days | Incumbent |
|
| Frank Elderson | Netherlands | 15 December 2020 | *14 December 2028* | 3 years, 288 days | Incumbent |
|
| Piero Cipollone | Italy | 1 November 2023 | *31 October 2031* | 332 days | Incumbent |
|

## Succession of seats

1. "Members of the Executive Board". ecb.europa.eu. December 15, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2020.
2. "Executive Board members – terms of office". ecb.europa.eu. December 15, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2020.


abstract: The Women's +68 kg competition at the 2023 European Karate Championships was held on 22 and 25 March 2023.

text:
# 2023 European Karate Championships – Women's +68 kg

The **Women's +68 kg** competition at the 2023 European Karate Championships was held on 22 and 25 March 2023.

## Results

### Finals

### Repechage

### Top half

#### Section 1

#### Section 2

### Bottom half

#### Section 3

#### Section 4

## InfoBox

| Women's +68 kg <br>at the 2023 European Karate Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Palacio Multiusos de Guadalajara |
| Location | Guadalajara, Spain |
| Dates | 22, 25 March |
| Competitors | 29 from 29 nations |
| Medalists | |
| Germany  Azerbaijan  France  Italy | |
|


abstract: The 1990–91 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team represented the University of California, Los Angeles in the 1990–91 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Jim Harrick, for the third year, was the head coach for the Bruins. The Bruins started the season ranked 11th in the AP Poll and won their first 8 games. They finished in 2nd place in the Pac-10 with the same conference record as the previous year, 11–7. UCLA went on to the NCAA tournament, where they upset by Penn State 69–74. UCLA finished ranked 14th and 16th in the UPI and AP Polls respectively.

text:
# 1990–91 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team

1990–91 Pacific-10 Conference men's basketball standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | PCT |  |  | W |  | L |  | PCT |
| No. 8 Arizona | 14 |  | 4 |  | .778 |  |  | 28 |  | 7 |  | .800 |
| No. 16 UCLA | 11 |  | 7 |  | .611 |  |  | 23 |  | 9 |  | .719 |
| Arizona State | 10 |  | 8 |  | .556 |  |  | 20 |  | 10 |  | .667 |
| USC | 10 |  | 8 |  | .556 |  |  | 19 |  | 10 |  | .655 |
| Stanford | 8 |  | 10 |  | .444 |  |  | 20 |  | 13 |  | .606 |
| Washington State | 8 |  | 10 |  | .444 |  |  | 16 |  | 12 |  | .571 |
| Oregon State | 8 |  | 10 |  | .444 |  |  | 14 |  | 14 |  | .500 |
| Oregon | 8 |  | 10 |  | .444 |  |  | 13 |  | 15 |  | .464 |
| California | 8 |  | 10 |  | .444 |  |  | 13 |  | 15 |  | .464 |
| Washington | 5 |  | 13 |  | .278 |  |  | 14 |  | 14 |  | .500 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of April 15, 1991
Rankings from AP Poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1990–91 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team** represented the University of California, Los Angeles in the 1990–91 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Jim Harrick, for the third year, was the head coach for the Bruins. The Bruins started the season ranked 11th in the AP Poll and won their first 8 games. They finished in 2nd place in the Pac-10 with the same conference record as the previous year, 11–7. UCLA went on to the NCAA tournament, where they upset by Penn State 69–74. UCLA finished ranked 14th and 16th in the UPI and AP Polls respectively.

## Starting lineup

| Position | Player | Class |
| --- | --- | --- |
| F | Don MacLean | Jr. |
| F | Tracy Murray | So. |
| F | Mitchell Butler | So. |
| G | Darrick Martin | Jr. |
| G | Gerald Madkins | Jr. |
|

## Roster

| 1990–91 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| Pos. # Name Height Weight Year Hometown  23 Mitchell Butler 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)  So Los Angeles, California  22 Chris Kenny 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)  Jr   42 Don MacLean 6 ft 10 in (2.08 m)  Jr Palo Alto, California  12 Gerald Madkins 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)  Jr Merced, California  15 Darrick Martin 5 ft 11 in (1.8 m)  Jr Denver, Colorado  44 Zan Mason 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m)  So   30 Tracy Murray 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m)  So Los Angeles, California  Destah Owens 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m)  Fr   25 Keith Owens 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m)  Sr San Francisco, California  Dave Paulsell 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)  Jr   Lou Richie 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m)  Fr   21 Shon Tarver 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)  Fr   10 John Woolery 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m)  Fr   14 Rodney Zimmerman 6 ft 10 in (2.08 m)  Fr | Head coach Jim Harrick (Morris Harvey College)
Assistant coach(es)   ---  Legend* **(C)** Team captain * **(S)** Suspended * **(I)** Ineligible * **(W)** Walk-on  ---  Roster |

## Schedule

| Date
time, TV | Rank# | Opponent# | Result | Record | Site
city, state |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Great Alaska Shootout | | | | | | | | | | | |
| November 23, 1990
 | No. 11 | vs. UC Irvine
*Quarterfinals* | **W** 134–101 | 1–0
 | Sullivan Arena (7,947)
Anchorage, AK |
| November 24, 1990
 | No. 11 | at Alaska Anchorage
*Semifinals* | **W** 80–67 | 2–0
 | Sullivan Arena (7,947)
Anchorage, AK |
| November 26, 1990
 | No. 11 | vs. No. 18 Virginia
*Finals* | **W** 89–74 | 3–0
 | Sullivan Arena (6,287)
Anchorage, AK |
| Regular Season | | | | | | | | |
| December 2, 1990
 | No. 12 | Loyola Marymount | **W** 149–98 | 4–0
 | Pauley Pavilion (12,267)
Los Angeles, CA |
| December 5, 1990
 | No. 8 | St. Mary's | **W** 123–93 | 5–0
 | Pauley Pavilion (5,887)
Los Angeles, CA |
| December 8, 1990
 | No. 8 | Notre Dame | **W** 99–91 | 6–0
 | Pauley Pavilion (12,518)
Los Angeles, CA |
| December 15, 1990
 | No. 6 | at DePaul | **W** 92–90 | 7–0
 | Rosemont Horizon (10,254)
Chicago, IL |
| December 19, 1990
 | No. 5 | Pepperdine | **W** 108–85 | 8–0
 | Pauley Pavilion (7,881)
Los Angeles, CA |
| December 22, 1990
 | No. 5 | at Iowa | **L** 71–88 | 8–1
 | Carver–Hawkeye Arena (15,500)
Iowa City, IA |
| December 27, 1990
 | No. 10 | Fresno State | **W** 110–89 | 9–1
 | Pauley Pavilion (8,667)
Los Angeles, CA |
| December 29, 1990
 | No. 10 | San Diego State | **W** 94–74 | 10–1
 | Pauley Pavilion (9,419)
Los Angeles, CA |
| January 2, 1991
 | No. 10 | USC | **W** 98–81 | 11–1
(1–0) | Pauley Pavilion (12,688)
Los Angeles, CA |
| January 5, 1991
 | No. 10 | Louisville | **W** 88–81 | 12–1
 | Pauley Pavilion (12,313)
Los Angeles, CA |
| January 10, 1991
 | No. 7 | at Arizona State | **W** 82–68 | 13–1
(2–0) | ASU Activity Center (12,762)
Tempe, AZ |
| January 12, 1991
 | No. 7 | at No. 6 Arizona | **L** 77–82 | 13–2
(2–1) | McKale Center (13,864)
Tucson, AZ |
| January 16, 1991
 | No. 7 | Stanford | **L** 82–89 | 13–3
(2–2) | Pauley Pavilion (7,278)
Los Angeles, CA |
| January 20, 1991
 | No. 7 | California | **W** 98–81 | 14–3
(3–2) | Pauley Pavilion (6,829)
Los Angeles, CA |
| January 24, 1991
 | No. 11 | at Oregon State | **L** 96–97 2OT | 14–4
(3–3) | Gill Coliseum (9,628)
Corvallis, OR |
| January 26, 1991
 | No. 11 | at Oregon | **W** 90–83 | 15–4
(4–3) | McArthur Court (9,363)
Eugene, OR |
| January 30, 1991
 | No. 12 | at USC | **L** 74–76 | 15–5
(4–4) | Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena (9,125)
Los Angeles, CA |
| February 2, 1991
 | No. 12 | No. 19 Pittsburgh | **W** 112–85 | 16–5
 | Pauley Pavilion (12,053)
Los Angeles, CA |
| February 7, 1991
 | No. 14 | Arizona State | **W** 64–44 | 17–5
(5–4) | Pauley Pavilion (11,213)
Los Angeles, CA |
| February 10, 1991
 | No. 14 | No. 5 Arizona | **L** 94–105 OT | 17–6
(5–5) | Pauley Pavilion (12,823)
Los Angeles, CA |
| February 14, 1991
 | No. 15 | at California | **L** 79–82 | 17–7
(5–6) | Harmon Gym (6,578)
Berkeley, CA |
| February 16, 1991
 | No. 15 | at Stanford | **W** 89–86 | 18–7
(6–6) | Maples Pavilion (7,500)
Stanford, CA |
| February 21, 1991
 | No. 17 | Oregon | **W** 100–83 | 19–7
(7–6) | Pauley Pavilion (9,122)
Los Angeles, CA |
| February 23, 1991
 | No. 17 | Oregon State | **W** 87–56 | 20–7
(8–6) | Pauley Pavilion (10,618)
Los Angeles, CA |
| February 28, 1991
 | No. 16 | at Washington State | **W** 99–91 | 21–7
(9–6) | Beasley Coliseum (9,264)
Pullman, WA |
| March 3, 1991
 | No. 16 | at Washington | **L** 68–86 | 21–8
(9–7) | Hec Edmundson Pavilion (4,213)
Seattle, WA |
| March 7, 1991
 | No. 17 | Washington State | **W** 86–64 | 22–8
(10–7) | Pauley Pavilion (8,354)
Los Angeles, CA |
| March 10, 1991
 | No. 17 | Washington | **W** 73–60 | 23–8
(11–7) | Pauley Pavilion (10,454)
Los Angeles, CA |
| NCAA tournament | | | | | | | | | | | |
| March 18, 1991
 | No. 16 | vs. Penn State
*First Round* | **L** 69–74 | 23–9
 | Carrier Dome (14,436)
Syracuse, NY |
| *Non-conference game. #Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses.
All times are in Pacific Time. | | | | | | | | | | | |

Source

## InfoBox

| 1990–91 UCLA Bruins men's basketball | |
| --- | --- |
| Great Alaska Shootout champions | |
| NCAA tournament, Round of 64 | |
| Conference | Pacific-10 |
| Ranking | |
| Coaches | No. 14 |
| AP | No. 16 |
| Record | 23–9 (11–7, 2nd Pac-10) |
| Head coach |  |
| Assistant coaches |  |
| Home arena | Pauley Pavilion |
|


abstract: Athens South No. 1 Precinct is located in Menard County, Illinois. The population was 1,259 at the 2000 census.

text:
# Athens South No. 1 Precinct, Menard County, Illinois

**Athens South No. 1 Precinct** is located in Menard County, Illinois. The population was 1,259 at the 2000 census.

## InfoBox

| Athens South No. 1 Precinct | |
| --- | --- |
| Precinct | |
| Location in Menard County | |
| Coordinates: 39°56′23″N 089°44′39″W / 39.93972°N 89.74417°W / 39.93972; -89.74417 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | Menard |
| Area | |
| Total | 12.01 sq mi (31.1 km2) |
| Land | 12.01 sq mi (31.1 km2) |
| Water | 0 sq mi (0 km2)  0% |
| Elevation | 594 ft (181 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 1,259 |
| Density | 104.8/sq mi (40.5/km2) |
| GNIS feature ID | 1928439 |


title: Erie Freighthouse Historic District

abstract: Erie Freighthouse Historic District is a national historic district located at Bath in Steuben County, New York. It is composed of all or portions of seven properties, including the former Erie Railroad freighthouse, various buildings for the sale or storage of agricultural goods, and the former Bath Harnass Company factory. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

text:
# Erie Freighthouse Historic District

**Erie Freighthouse Historic District** is a national historic district located at Bath in Steuben County, New York. It is composed of all or portions of seven properties (six contributing buildings), including the former Erie Railroad freighthouse, various buildings for the sale or storage of agricultural goods, and the former Bath Harnass Company factory.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Erie Freighthouse Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| Erie Freighthouse, October 2009 | |
|  | |
| Location | Jct. of Cohocton St. and Railroad Ave., Bath, New York |
| Coordinates | 42°20′0″N 77°19′34″W / 42.33333°N 77.32611°W / 42.33333; -77.32611 |
| Area | 1.7 acres (0.69 ha) |
| Architectural style | Late Victorian |
| MPS | Bath Village MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 91000235 |
| Added to NRHP | March 18, 1991 |


title: Exmoor Group

abstract:
The Exmoor Group is a late Devonian to early Carboniferous lithostratigraphic group in southwest England whose outcrop extends from Croyde in north Devon east across Exmoor to Minehead in west Somerset. The group comprises the following formations:
  - Pilton Mudstone Formation
  - Baggy Sandstones Formation
  - Upcott Slates Formation
  - Pickwell Down Sandstones Formation
  - Morte Slates Formation
  - Ilfracombe Slates Formation
  - Hangman Sandstone Formation
  - Lynton Formation Each of these divisions has been given different names by different authors in the past including those shown in brackets above. Some that had been classed as 'formations' are now 'members'.

text:
# Exmoor Group

The **Exmoor Group** is a late Devonian to early Carboniferous lithostratigraphic group (a sequence of rock strata) in southwest England whose outcrop extends from Croyde in north Devon east across Exmoor to Minehead in west Somerset. The group comprises the following formations (in stratigraphic order, i.e., the oldest at the base and the youngest at the top):

* **Pilton Mudstone Formation** (Pilton Beds, Pilton Shales)
* **Baggy Sandstones Formation** (Baggy Beds, Marwood Beds)
* **Upcott Slates Formation**
* **Pickwell Down Sandstones Formation**
* **Morte Slates Formation**
* **Ilfracombe Slates Formation**
* **Hangman Sandstone Formation** (Hangman Grits)
* **Lynton Formation** (Lynton Beds, Lynton Slates)

Each of these divisions has been given different names by different authors in the past including those shown in brackets above. Some that had been classed as 'formations' (or even in one case as a 'group') are now 'members'.

## Lynton Formation

Extending east from Woody Bay, the Lynton Formation underlies the village from which the sequence is named and continues in a thin strip of country as far east as the hamlet of Oare. There is a small inlier of the Lynton Slates at the foot of the Quantock scarp at Triscombe. The formation is composed of slates and siltstones together with some sandstone. Though its base is not seen, it is believed to be between 3–400 m thick. There are fossils of brachiopods, bivalves and bryozoans present, consistent with a shallow marine depositional environment. One of Devon and Exmoor's better known natural tourist attractions is Valley of the Rocks, a dry valley developed in this formation just to the west of Lynton.

## Hangman Sandstone Formation

The Hangman Sandstone forms the coastal outcrop east from Hangman Point as far as Heddon's Mouth and indeed the larger part of the cliffs eastwards again to Woody Bay. It again forms the coastal cliffs from Lynmouth Bay east to Porlock Weir, including Foreland Point and Culbone Hill and also from Hurlstone Point to Minehead. The Porlock Ridge and Saltmarsh Site of Special Scientific Interest has a shingle ridge deposited during the Holocene epoch. Inland it forms the high ground east to Dunkery Beacon and much of Croydon Hill. The larger part of the Quantock Hills are formed from the same strata. The Hangman Sandstone consist of several members which once enjoyed the status of 'formations'. These are (oldest base, youngest at top):

* Little Hangman Member (Little Hangman Sandstones, Stringocephalus Beds, Little Hangman Formation)
* Sherrycombe Member (Sherrycombe Beds, Sherrycombe Formation)
* Rawns Member (Rawns Shales and Sandstone, Rawns Formation)
* Trentishoe Member (Trentishoe Grits, Trentishoe Formation)
* Hollowbrook Member (Hollowbrook Formation)

Names in brackets indicate earlier names for the current members. The 'Stringocephalus Beds' and 'Sherrycombe Beds' were formerly grouped as the 'Upper Hangman Grits'.

The thickness of the strata is estimated at between 1660 m and 2500 m; intense faulting and folding precludes an exact measurement being made. Consisting largely of sandstones but with some alternating shales and slates and some conglomerates, most of the formation is non-marine in origin. Plant and shell remains have been found though fossils are generally scarce within the formation. The sequence east of Lynmouth used to be referred to as the "Foreland Grits", and was thought to be somewhat older, and hence lower in the sequence, than the Hangman Grits

In March 2024 scientists reported the discovery of a fossilised forest of *Calamophyton* trees at a site near Minehead, its age being four million years greater than a fossil forest in New York State which had previously held the record as the world's oldest.

The Trentishoe Member exhibits unusual deposition at the Glenthorne Site of Special Scientific Interest.

## Ilfracombe Slates Formation

The formation comprises slates and limestones of marine origin and sandstones and slates with a shallow marine or deltaic origin. In the west, the Ilfracombe Slates are subdivided into (oldest at base, youngest at top):

* Kentisbury Slates Member
* Combe Martin Slates Member
* Lester Slates-and-Sandstones Member
* Wild Pear Slates Member

The Wild Pear Slates are named from Wild Pear Beach at Combe Martin Bay where this sequence outcrops on the coast. The lower boundary of this sequence is a thrust fault which carries the slates up over the Hangman Grits. The overlying Lester Slates-and-Sandstones run from Widmouth Head, beneath the village of Combe Martin and on in a SSE direction to near Parracombe. The Combe Martin Slates in turn extend from Beacon Point at Hele in a narrowing outcrop to Pinkworthy Pond and beyond. The Kentisbury Slates form the coastal outcrop at Ilfracombe itself and extend inland via Kentisbury, Challacombe and Simonsbath towards Exford.

In the east, the following subdivisions are identified. Some earlier (now formally obsolete) names are given in brackets afterwards:

* Leighland Slates Member (Leighland Beds)
* Cutcombe Slates Member
* Avill Slates and Sandstones Member (Avill Group)

In the Quantock Hills, the Avill Slates form the high ground of Lydeard Hill above West Bagborough, together with the lower northeastern slopes of the range between Aisholt and Holford. A tuff occurs within the Avill member on these eastern slopes at Keeper's Combe. The Cutcombe Slates form the ground immediately east of the Avill outcrop in this area whilst the Leighland Slates make up a band of higher ground between Cothelstone and Enmore with scattered outcrops extending north to Nether Stowey. Several limestone beds are named within the two upper members; oldest/lowermost first - the Rodhuish, Roadwater, Aisholt, Holwell and Leigh Barton limestones.

## Morte Slates Formation

The Morte Slates are a series of silvery-grey to green coloured slates with some subordinate sandstone and siltstone. A well-developed cleavage has removed what fossils may have earlier been present in these one-time submarine muds. These rocks extend from Morte Point, where they form the coast between Woolacombe and Flat Point, south-southeastwards through West Down and Arlington then east to Withypool. Further east the outcrop broadens to form the Brendon Hills and the rolling country around Clatworthy Reservoir. The eastern extent of the main outcrop reaches the villages of Stogumber and Tolland. An outlier forms the southeastern part of the Quantock Hills between Goathurst and West Monkton.

Over the centuries the Brendon Hills have been mined for minerals, notably ironstone from which iron is extracted for making steel. During the 19th century this activity reached a peak with the West Somerset Mineral Railway, including an 800 feet (244 m) incline, being built to take the ore to Watchet from where it was sent to Ebbw Vale for smelting. The main mining operations ended when the mines were worked out towards the end of the 19th century.

## Pickwell Down Sandstones Formation

The Pickwell Down Sandstones are red and brown sandstones with shales which extend from the hills of Pickwell Down and Woolacombe Down overlooking Morte Bay east-southeastwards to Muddiford and Bratton Fleming. The outcrop pattern is shaped by a major east–west aligned syncline/anticline pair between Brayford, where there is a stone quarry, and Dulverton. East of Dulverton the formation forms the prominent Haddon Hill and extends via Heydon Hill as far east as the village of Wiveliscombe. There are a number of former workings for iron, copper and manganese across the western part of its outcrop. A geomorphological survey at Anstey's Coombe showed that mining had taken place at the site during both the Romano-British period and the 16th to 17th century.

## Upcott Slates Formation

The Upcott Slates provide the coastal cliffs on the south side of Morte Bay and their narrow faulted outcrop continues east-southeastwards beneath Georgeham and to Winsham and Marwood. The outcrop continues east via Shirwell to Little Bray, north of Brayford. Slightly offset by faulting to the south, it continues east to North Radworthy. A major east–west syncline in this area gives rise to an outcrop stretching southwest to East Buckland and then by virtue of a parallel anticline, stretching southeast then east to North Molton. Subject to numerous northwest–southeast aligned faults, the outcrop can be followed via Molland to east of Dulverton. The formation consists of slates varying in colour from buff through grey and green to purple. These rocks originated as muds laid down in swamps and freshwater lakes.

## Baggy Sandstones Formation

The Baggy Sandstones form the headland of Baggy Point and the faulted outcrop stretches away to the east north of Croyde, through Knowle to Stoke Rivers and Brayford. Its outcrop wraps around a syncline/anticline fold pair in a reverse-S shape via East Buckland and parallels the outcrop of the Upcott Slates east to Dulverton. It is mapped as a distinguishable unit of the Exmoor Group as far as the Batherm valley, east of Skilgate. The formation consists of sandstones, siltstones and shales including some feldspar and mica rich units, variously of marine through brackish to freshwater origin. The outcrop forms a small yet prominent ridge along its outcrop.

## Pilton Mudstone Formation

The Pilton Mudstones form the coast at Croyde Bay and form the headland at Saunton Down. The formation extends eastwards through Barnstaple to the Buckland area where due to a syncline/anticline pair, the surface outcrop divides. A thinner band of these strata continues east coincident with the valley of the River Yeo and the former railway to Brushford. The outcrop broadens once again forming the country around Clayhanger and Waterrow before reaching its furthest east at Kittisford and at Nunnington Park, south of Wiveliscombe. The formation consists of shales and siltstones along with bands of calcareous sandstone. Fossils include brachiopods and bivalves in the lower part of the formation, suggestive of a shallow marine depositional environment and, in its upper part, trilobites and goniatites indicating deeper water conditions. The sandstones thicken to the east and have been worked in quarries between Charles and Brayford. Limestones occurring towards the top of the formation have also been worked in places. Whilst most of it is Devonian, the uppermost part of the formation is Carboniferous in age though the precise location of the boundary is difficult to determine.

## InfoBox

| Exmoor Group | |
| --- | --- |
| Stratigraphic range: Emsian (Devonian) to Tournaisian (Carboniferous) | |
| Hangman Sandstone Formation at Glenthorne Beach, 6 km W of Porlock Weir | |
| Type | Group |
| Sub-units | Lynton Formation, Hangman Sandstone Formation, Ilfracombe Slates (Formation), Morte Slates (Formation), Pickwell Down Sandstones (Formation), Upcott Slates (Formation), Baggy Sandstone Formation, Pilton Mudstone Formation |
| Underlies | Doddiscombe Formation of Teign Valley Group |
| Thickness | about 7000 m |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | mudstones, |
| Other | siltstones, sandstones, limestones, conglomerates |
| Location | |
| Region | England |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Extent | north Devon to west Somerset |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Exmoor |


title: Atomic Heritage Foundation

abstract: The Atomic Heritage Foundation (AHF) is a nonprofit organization originally based in Washington, DC, dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of the Manhattan Project, the Atomic Age, and its legacy. Founded by Cynthia Kelly in 2002, the Foundation's stated goal is, "to provide the public not only a better understanding of the past but also a basis for addressing scientific, technical, political, social and ethical issues of the 21st century." AHF works with Congress, the Department of Energy, the National Park Service, state and local governments, nonprofit organizations and the former Manhattan Project communities to preserve and interpret historic sites and develop useful and accessible educational materials for veterans, teachers, and the general public. In June 2019, the Atomic Heritage Foundation and the National Museum of Nuclear Science & History signed an agreement that granted stewardship of the Atomic Heritage Foundation website and all of the AHF's physical collections to the museum. The Atomic Heritage Foundation website is now run by the National Museum of Nuclear Science & History. Additionally, the museum now houses the Atomic Heritage Foundation's physical collections which have been integrated into the Nuclear Museum's own collection.

text:
# Atomic Heritage Foundation

The **Atomic Heritage Foundation** (**AHF**) is a nonprofit organization originally based in Washington, DC, dedicated to the preservation and interpretation of the Manhattan Project, the Atomic Age, and its legacy. Founded by Cynthia Kelly in 2002, the Foundation's stated goal is, "to provide the public not only a better understanding of the past but also a basis for addressing scientific, technical, political, social and ethical issues of the 21st century." AHF works with Congress, the Department of Energy, the National Park Service, state and local governments, nonprofit organizations and the former Manhattan Project communities to preserve and interpret historic sites and develop useful and accessible educational materials for veterans, teachers, and the general public. In June 2019, the Atomic Heritage Foundation and the National Museum of Nuclear Science & History signed an agreement that granted stewardship of the Atomic Heritage Foundation website and all of the AHF's physical collections to the museum. The Atomic Heritage Foundation website is now run by the National Museum of Nuclear Science & History. Additionally, the museum now houses the Atomic Heritage Foundation's physical collections which have been integrated into the Nuclear Museum's own collection.

## Voices of the Manhattan Project

In November 2012, the Atomic Heritage Foundation (AHF) and the Los Alamos Historical Museum launched the "Voices of the Manhattan Project" website to feature their oral history collections. Together the AHF and the Los Alamos Historical Museum worked to collect oral histories until the historical society discontinued their participation. Sometime after 2020, the Los Alamos Historical Society removed access to several of the interviews in their original collection of twelve oral histories that were housed on their YouTube channel. Attempts by the National Museum of Nuclear Science & History to regain this access have so far been unsuccessful.

The interviews offer a variety of perspectives on the project. Some Native Americans discuss the government's displacement of the tribes from their ancestral lands in Hanford, Washington. In others, Pueblo Indians in New Mexico talk about the impact of the government project on their ancestral traditions and economy. Veterans recall blowing off steam by hiking and skiing in Los Alamos, dancing and bowling in Oak Ridge, and engaging in a meatball mess hall battle in Hanford. The veterans recalls the top scientists and personnel involved in the project, including J. Robert Oppenheimer, Leslie R. Groves, Enrico Fermi, and Leo Szilard.

The site features interviews with a number of well-known Manhattan Project veterans, including General Leslie Groves and Edward Teller.

## Site preservation

The Atomic Heritage Foundation is working in collaboration with the National Parks Conservation Association, the National Trust for Historic Preservation, local communities, and other organizations to urge Congress to establish a Manhattan Project National Historical Park. In March 2013, Senators Maria Cantwell and Lamar Alexander introduced S. 507 to create a park, and Representatives Doc Hastings, Ben Ray Lujan, and Chuck Fleischmann introduced a companion bill in the House, H.R. 1208.

The Los Alamos, V-Site was the site of assembly for the Trinity device, the first atomic weapon ever detonated. In October 2006, the AHF co-hosted several days of events to commemorate the successful restoration of the High Bay building.

## Museum exhibits

The Atomic Heritage Foundation has created several museum exhibits. They are:

### Race for atomic power exhibit at Idaho Falls

The first nuclear reactor capable of producing usable amounts of electricity was Experimental Breeder Reactor I, which lit up four light bulbs on December 20, 1951. This historical milestone is one of many captured in the Race for Atomic Power exhibit that opened on May 24, 2005, at the EBR-I. Upon entering the EBR-I, visitors can relax in a 1950s living room and watch TV. Clips from the 1950s as well as Nuclear Pioneers, a brief history of the EBR-I produced by the Atomic Heritage Foundation. Throughout the exhibit are kiosks with video recordings of the veterans explaining aspects of the reactor's operations. In the control room, Kirby Whitham explains when the misunderstanding of the command, "Take it down," resulted in a partial meltdown of the reactor core. Blackboards present the fundamentals of nuclear fission and a cut-away diagram shows the inner workings of the reactor. The exhibit was created under the supervision of the AHF and is now run by the Museum of Idaho.

### B Reactor exhibits at Hanford

This exhibit focuses on the Hanford Site and its role in the Manhattan Project. It feature exhibits on the B Reactor — the world's first plutonium production reactor — and its importance, models of the reactor and surrounding buildings, a documentary film (*Hanford's Secret Wartime Mission*), and vignettes and education materials on the history of the Hanford site. The exhibit was developed in partnership with the B Reactor Museum Association, the Hanford Reach National Monument Heritage and Visitor Center, and the Columbia River Exposition on History, Science and Technology.

## Books

The Atomic Heritage Foundation has created several books dealing with the Manhattan Project. They are:

***The Manhattan Project: The Birth of the Atomic Bomb in the Words of Its Creators, Eyewitnesses, and Historians*:** An anthology that collects the writings and thoughts of the original participants in the Manhattan Project, along with pieces by the most important historians and interpreters of the subject.

***The Manhattan Project Guidebook Series*:** A series of four guides to the Manhattan Project in Manhattan, New Mexico, Tennessee, and Washington state. The guidebooks relate the history and significance of the Manhattan Project in these areas.

***Oppenheimer and the Manhattan Project*:** Edited by Cynthia Kelly, this book provides a spectrum of interpretations of J. Robert Oppenheimer's life and scientific achievements. Contributors include the Hon. Senator Jeff Bingaman, authors and historians Richard Rhodes, Martin Sherwin, Kai Bird and Robert S. Norris, and Andy Oppenheimer.

***Remembering the Manhattan Project*:** Edited by Cynthia Kelly, part I of this book, comprising papers from the Atomic Heritage Foundation's Symposium on the Manhattan Project in Washington, DC on April 27, 2002, recounts the history of this remarkable effort and reflects upon its legacy. Contributors include Richard Rhodes, Robert S. Norris, Martin Sherwin and Kai Bird, Gregg Herken, James R. Schlesinger, and others. Part II proposes a strategy for preserving the historical properties and artifacts of the Manhattan Project for the public and future generations.

***Race for Atomic Power*:** A companion book to the museum exhibit of the same name.

## Films

***Hanford's Secret Wartime Mission*:** This documentary film chronicles the story of the Manhattan Project at Hanford where the world's first plutonium production facilities were built along the Columbia River in eastern Washington state. The undertaking paired the University of Chicago's team of extraordinary physicists led by Enrico Fermi with the DuPont Company's industrial expertise led by Crawford Greenewalt. The film highlights the determination, commitment, and scientific ingenuity of the men and women who took on the seemingly impossible task of producing plutonium in time to contribute to the war effort.

***A Handful of Soldiers*:** features three Manhattan Project veterans who describe their experiences at Los Alamos working on the plutonium-based bomb. The twelve-minute film shows the remains of the "V Site" where the first atomic bomb was assembled.

***Nuclear Pioneers*:** The 28-minute documentary film on the Experimental Breeder Reactor I (EBR-I) tells the story of the first nuclear reactor built by the Atomic Energy Commission. With first-hand accounts from scientists and engineers, the film explores the challenges of creating the world's first reactor to produce usable quantities of electricity and "breed" more fuel than it consumed. Completed in 1951, the EBR-I paved the way for future generations of "peaceful" reactors and was named a National Historic Landmark in 1966 by President Johnson.

***Interviews with Manhattan Project Veterans, Vol. I-III*:** These films features interviews with seven Manhattan Project veterans. Complete with pictures from the Department of Energy's archives and short biographies of the veterans, the films describe what it was like to work on the top-secret project that changed world history and created a revolution in science and technology.

***The Race for Atomic Power*:** This documentary film traces the history of the National Reactor Testing Station in Idaho Falls, with interviews of former and current employees of NRTS and Idaho National Laboratory. These vignettes discuss the innovations developed at NRTS during its first 25 years.

***General Leslie R. Groves*:** A brief biography of General Leslie Groves, who built the Pentagon and then became the Manhattan Project's "indispensable man."

News stories

## InfoBox

The Atomic Heritage Foundation
|
|  |
| Formation | 2002 |
| Founder | Cynthia Kelly |
| Focus | History and veterans of the Manhattan Project and Atomic Age. |
| Headquarters | National Museum of Nuclear Science & History |
| Location | * Albuquerque, New Mexico |
| President | Cynthia Kelly |
| Website | ahf.nuclearmuseum.org |


title: Bartolomeo Coda

abstract: Bartolomeo Coda flourished about the year 1543. He was called Da Rimini, as was also his elder brother Francesco, who painted in 1533. He was instructed in the art by his father, Benedetto, whom he surpassed. In the church of San Rocco at Pesaro, was a fine picture by this master, bearing the above date; which Lanzi says in every respect bears the character of the golden age of the art. It represents the Virgin and Infant enthroned, with a Choir of beautiful Cherubs, and with St. Roch and St. Sebastian. However, this painting no longer exists. It was painted for the Confraternita San Rocco and San Sebastiano in Pesaro but by 1821 was in the hands of Edward Solly, an art dealer in Berlin. He sold it to the Berlin art gallery who believe that it was probably destroyed in May 1945 in the control tower of the flak bunker in Berlin's Friedrichshain.

text:
# Bartolomeo Coda

**Bartolomeo Coda** (or Codi) flourished about the year 1543. He was called Da Rimini, as was also his elder brother Francesco, who painted in 1533. He was instructed in the art by his father, Benedetto, whom he surpassed. In the church of San Rocco at Pesaro, was a fine picture by this master, bearing the above date; which Lanzi says in every respect bears the character of the golden age of the art. It represents the Virgin and Infant enthroned, with a Choir of beautiful Cherubs, and with St. Roch and St. Sebastian. However, this painting no longer exists. It was painted for the Confraternita San Rocco and San Sebastiano in Pesaro but by 1821 was in the hands of Edward Solly, an art dealer in Berlin. He sold it to the Berlin art gallery (now the Gemäldergalerie) who believe that it was probably destroyed in May 1945 in the control tower of the flak bunker in Berlin's Friedrichshain.

* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Bryan, Michael (1886). "Coda, Bartolommeo". In Graves, Robert Edmund (ed.). *Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers (A–K)*. Vol. I (3rd ed.). London: George Bell & Sons.

SMB-digital Online collections database http://www.smb-digital.de/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=862798&viewType=detailView

```
Iconografia di San Sebastiano nell’arte figurativa italiana     http://www.sansebastiano.com/Scheda.asp?uno=1902
```


title: 2015 Gurdaspur attack

text:
# 2015 Gurdaspur attack

On 27 July 2015, three gunmen dressed in army uniforms opened fire on a bus and then attacked the Dina Nagar police station in Gurdaspur district of Punjab, India. The attack resulted in the death of three civilians and four policemen, including a superintendent of police; fifteen others were injured. In addition, five bombs were found planted on the Amritsar–Pathankot line on a rail-bridge near Parmanand railway station, five kilometers from the site of the attack. All three attackers were killed in the operation, which lasted almost 12 hours.

Such terrorist attacks are rare in Punjab after the Punjab insurgency, which sought to form an independent Sikh nation of Khalistan, ended in the 1990s. However, such attacks are common in the Disputed Territory of Jammu and Kashmir that borders Gurdaspur, where Islamist insurgents are seeking independence or accession to Pakistan and from where the gunmen were at first suspected to have entered. On the basis of the GPS system found in the terrorists' possession, India claimed the insurgents infiltrated through the border with Pakistan.

## Attack

The attack took place in Dina Nagar, Gurdaspur district of Punjab, on the morning of 27 July 2015. At around 5:30 am, they opened fire on a Punjab Roadways bus coming from Bamial, a Small town in Pathankot District. The bus had 75 passengers, several of whom were injured. The bus driver, Nanak Chand, drove the bus towards them, forcing them to move back. He then swerved the bus and drove it straight to a government hospital, where the injured passengers were treated.

After firing indiscriminately near the bus stand, the assailants targeted a roadside eatery and took off in a hijacked Maruti 800 car with Punjab registration number. They shot dead a roadside vendor near Dinanagar bypass. They shot the driver and sped towards the Dina Nagar police station. The attackers targeted a community health centre adjacent to the police station, killing three civilians including a woman and a policeman. The gunmen then entered the police station and opened fire, seriously injuring five policemen.

The first response was led by Punjab Police Superintendent of Police Baljeet Singh, which led to the death of one of the gunmen. SP Baljeet Singh later died in the gunbattle. The Indian Army and the NSG also responded to the attack, but the Punjab Police maintained the lead on the counter-terrorism operation and assigned support roles to the Army and the NSG. A 28-man group from the Punjab Police SWAT Team coordinated a counter-assault and the last militant was killed 11 hours after the terrorist attack began. News agencies have pointed out that security forces could have ended the attack much earlier, as the gunmen were holed up in an abandoned building, but the operation was prolonged order to capture at least one gunman alive, with the assumption that they had a limited amount of food and ammunition, which could lead to an arrest. Once it was clear that none of the gunmen intended on being captured, this goal was abandoned and the SWAT Team swiftly neutralized all threats.

This was the first counter-terrorism operation conducted by the Punjab Police SWAT Team and its success has been widely praised.

According to police, the terrorists were Muslims contradicting the initial reports that the attack was carried out by Sikh separatists.

## Bombs on the railway track

Meanwhile, a railway trackman named Ashwani Saini, while patrolling along the railway track between Dina Nagar and Jhakholari railway stations, spotted five bombs wired to a small bridge on the Amritsar-Pathankot line, just before a passenger train was due to cross the bridge. The train stopped 200 metres from the bombs. The railway authorities suspended all the rail traffic on the section while the bomb-disposal squads defused the bombs.

## Equipment

According to sources at the Ministry of Home Affairs, two GPS devices, three AK-47s, ten magazines, and two China-made grenades were recovered from the terrorists.

The attackers had also shaved all body hair and erased all factory markings on their weapons, supposedly to prevent any identification.

Indian authorities also recovered a Night Vision Device from the terrorists, with US Government markings on it. US Authorities confirmed that it belonged to the American Government and was most likely stolen or misplaced in Afghanistan.

However, Indian investigators claimed to have found evidence of Pakistan's involvement in the attack.

The three terrorists who stormed a police station on the fateful day used gloves with "Made in Pakistan" tags said the panel of doctors in their autopsy report from Gurdaspur civil hospital.

The report said, "external appearance" that a "Made in Pakistan" label was found intact in the glove that one terrorist was wearing.

"After the operation was over on Monday, we had done a random search of the clothes the ultras were wearing. But no label was found in the clothes, including the undergarments," a police was quoted as saying to Hindustan Times.

## Aftermath

The Indian Ministry of Home Affairs stated that the attacks were carried out by Pakistan based militant group Lashkar-e-Tayiba.

During early inspection of data from global positioning sets carried by terrorists who carried out Monday's attack in Gurdaspur suggests that the group launched its operation from across the border in Pakistan's Shakargarh area, Indian government sources have told The Indian Express. Sources familiar with the investigation said the terror team is thought to have left a safehouse on the fringes of Gharot, a village not far from the Pakistani town of Shakargarh, late Sunday night. Travelling due east, the group then crossed a tributary of the Ravi river, and headed to the village of Bamial on the Indian side of the border. From Bamial, investigators believe, the group caught an early morning bus that took them to the highway 1A, which links Punjab with Jammu and Kashmir and on to Hiranagar, passing several police checkpoints along the way.

The GPS sets, which guide users along tracks marked by digital "waypoints", have often been used by terrorists to operate in unfamiliar environments, most famously during the 2008 Mumbai attacks.

## InfoBox

| 2015 Gurdaspur attack | |
| --- | --- |
| 2015 Gurdaspur attack (Punjab)Location in Punjab, India | |
| Location | Dina Nagar, Gurdaspur district, Punjab, India |
| Coordinates | 32°07′42″N 75°28′11″E / 32.128255°N 75.469683°E / 32.128255; 75.469683 |
| Date | 27 July 2015 <br>5.30 am (IST) |
| Target | Punjab police, civilians and Indian Railways |
| Attack type | Mass shooting |
| Weapons | AK-47s, Night Vision Device, Grenades, GPS devices |
| Deaths | 10 (including 4 policemen, 3 terrorists and 3 civilians) |
| Injured | 15 |
| Defenders |  |


title: Exmoor Ales

abstract: Exmoor Ales is a microbrewery based in Wiveliscombe, Somerset, England. The brewery was previously called Golden Hill Brewery. Exmoor Ales was founded in 1980 in the former Hancock's Brewery in Wiveliscombe. They produce 13,000 barrels annually. Of the beers they make, 85% are cask ales. Their Exmoor Gold beer was first brewed in 1986 to celebrate 1,000 beer being brewed. Exmoor Gold was the first golden ale in Britain. In 2015, it was named Best Britain Golden Ale in Southwest England by CAMRA.

text:
# Exmoor Ales

**Exmoor Ales** is a microbrewery based in Wiveliscombe, Somerset, England. The brewery was previously called **Golden Hill Brewery**. Exmoor Ales was founded in 1980 in the former Hancock's Brewery in Wiveliscombe. They produce 13,000 barrels annually. Of the beers they make, 85% are cask ales. Their Exmoor Gold beer was first brewed in 1986 to celebrate 1,000 beer being brewed. Exmoor Gold was the first golden ale in Britain. In 2015, it was named Best Britain Golden Ale in Southwest England by CAMRA.

## InfoBox

Exmoor Ales
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Brewing |
| Predecessor | Golden Hill Brewery |
| Founded | 1980 (1980) |
| Headquarters | Wiveliscombe, England |
| Owner | Jonathan Price |
| Website | www.exmoorales.co.uk |


title: 1994 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy

abstract: The 1994 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy was the 16th edition of the Hockey Champions Trophy men's field hockey tournament. It took place from March 17–25, 1994 in the National Hockey Stadium in Lahore, Pakistan.

text:
# 1994 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy

The **1994 Men's Hockey Champions Trophy** was the 16th edition of the Hockey Champions Trophy men's field hockey tournament. It took place from March 17–25, 1994 in the National Hockey Stadium in Lahore, Pakistan.

## Results

*All times are Pakistan Time (UTC+05:00)*

### Pool

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pakistan | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 4 | +8 | 9 |
| Germany | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 5 | +3 | 8 |
| Australia | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 14 | 11 | +3 | 6 |
| Netherlands | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 13 | 12 | +1 | 4 |
| Spain | 5 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 9 | 16 | 7 | 2 |
| Great Britain | 5 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 8 | 1 |

Source:

| Netherlands  4–4  Spain  Veen  9'
Van den Honert  24', 42'
Bovelander  52' Report Arnau  4', 45', 49', 61' |
| --- |

---

| Germany  2–1  Australia  Becker  12'
Dorflinger  37' Report Birmingham  19' |
| --- |

---

| Great Britain  1–4  Pakistan  Garcia  25' Report Ashraf  2', 67'
Shahbaz  21', 58' |
| --- |

---

| Australia  3–2  Netherlands  Stacy  7', 35'
Elmer  19' Report Van den Honert  2'
Bovelander  41' |
| --- |

---

| Spain  1–3  Pakistan  Garcia  40' Report Ashraf  12'
Zaman  55'
Shahbaz  67' |
| --- |

---

| Great Britain  0–1  Germany  Report Ness  54' |
| --- |

---

| Pakistan  2–1  Netherlands  Ashraf  17'
Rana  60' Report Bovelander  66' |
| --- |

---

| Germany  3–2  Spain  Ness  29'
Meinhardt  49'
Moissl  70' Report Pujol  13', 20' |
| --- |

---

| Australia  5–4  Great Britain  Corbitt  2', 4'
Davies  37'
Hager  44'
Stacy  64' Report Garcia  9', 12', 24', 46' |
| --- |

---

| Pakistan  2–0  Australia  Ahmed  31'
Zaman  49' Report |
| --- |

---

| Spain  1–1  Great Britain  Arnau  40' Report Williams  48' |
| --- |

---

| Germany  1–1  Netherlands  Ness  55' Report Van den Honert  52' |
| --- |

---

| Australia  5–1  Spain  Corbitt  26'
Bodimeade  30'
Lewis  59', 63'
Stacy  66' Report Arnau  57' |
| --- |

---

| Netherlands  5–2  Great Britain  Van den Honert  28', 40', 46'
Van Wijk  31', 48' Report Nicklin  32'
Williams  63' |
| --- |

---

| Pakistan  1–1  Germany  Zaman  45' Report Kunz  20' |
| --- |

### Classification

#### Fifth and sixth place

| Spain  4–2  Great Britain  Arnau  30', 48', 54'
Garcia  51' Report Nicklin  40'
Williams  59' |
| --- |

#### Third and fourth place

| Australia  2–2  Netherlands  Davies  27'
Stacy  56' Report Van den Honert  8'
Poortenaar  35'   Penalties  6–7 |
| --- |

#### Final

| Pakistan  2–2  Germany  Shafqat  33'
Ahmed  39' Report Tewes  15'
Kunz  60'   Penalties  5–4 |
| --- |

## Final standings

1. Pakistan
2. Germany
3. Netherlands
4. Australia
5. Spain
6. Great Britain

## InfoBox

1994 Men's Hockey
Champions Trophy
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Host country | Pakistan |
| City | Lahore |
| Dates | 17–25 March |
| Teams | 6 |
| Venue(s) | National Hockey Stadium |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Pakistan (3rd title) |
| Runner-up | Germany |
| Third place | Netherlands |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 18 |
| Goals scored | 78 (4.33 per match) |
| Top scorer(s) | Javier Arnau (9 goals) |
| 1993 (previous) (next) 1995 | |