title: Dutch National Track Championships

abstract: The Dutch National Track Championships are the set of Dutch national championship events for the various disciplines and distances in track cycling. They are organized by the KNWU. There are competitions of various track cycling disciplines in age, gender and disability categories. Women's events are shorter than men's. Championships are open to all licensed riders. The winner of a national championship discipline receives a gold medal and a national jersey. Silver and bronze medals are awarded to the second and third place contestants. National champions wear their national jersey until the following year's championship, but they may wear it only in the type of event in which they won it. Former champions can wear rainbow cuffs to their everyday jerseys.

text:
# Dutch National Track Championships

The **Dutch National Track Championships** are the set of Dutch national championship events for the various disciplines and distances in track cycling. They are organized by the KNWU. There are competitions of various track cycling disciplines in age, gender and disability categories. Women's events are shorter than men's. Championships are open to all licensed riders.

The winner of a national championship discipline receives a gold medal and a national jersey. Silver and bronze medals are awarded to the second and third place contestants. National champions wear their national jersey until the following year's championship, but they may wear it only in the type of event in which they won it. Former champions can wear rainbow cuffs to their everyday jerseys.

## Disciplines

In many years not all the disciplines were contested during the same event.

| Discipline | Men's | Women's |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sprint | Men's sprint | Women's sprint |
| Individual pursuit | Men's individual pursuit | Women's individual pursuit |
| Points race | Men's points race | Women's points race |
| Scratch race | Men's scratch | Women's scratch |
| Keirin | Men's keirin | Women's keirin |
| Time trial | Men's 1 km time trial | Women's 500 m time trial |
| Omnium | Men's omnium | Women's omnium |
| Madison | Men's Madison | Women's madison |

## Competitions

| Year | Date | City | Velodrome | Men's Disciplines | Women's Disciplines |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1897 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1898 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1899 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1900 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1901 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1902 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1903 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1904 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1906 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1907 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1908 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1909 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1910 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1911 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1912 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1913 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1914 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1915 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1916 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1917 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1918 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1919 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1920 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1921 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1922 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1923 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1924 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1925 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1926 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1927 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1928 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1929 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1930 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1931 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1932 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1933 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1934 |  |  |  | Men's sprint |  |
| 1935 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1936 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1937 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1938 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1939 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1940 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1941 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1942 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1943 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1944 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1945 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1946 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1947 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1948 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1949 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1950 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1951 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1952 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1953 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1954 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1955 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1956 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1957 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1958 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1959 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1960 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1961 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1962 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1963 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1964 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1965 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's 1 km time trial |  |
| 1966 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's 1 km time trial |  |
| 1967 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's 1 km time trial |  |
| 1968 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's 1 km time trial |  |
| 1969 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's 1 km time trial |  |
| 1970 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's 1 km time trial |  |
| 1971 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's 1 km time trial |  |
| 1972 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's 1 km time trial |  |
| 1973 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's 1 km time trial |  |
| 1974 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's 1 km time trial
Men's omnium |  |
| 1975 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's 1 km time trial
Men's omnium |  |
| 1976 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's 1 km time trial |  |
| 1977 |  | Rotterdam |  |  | Women's omnium |
| 1977 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's 1 km time trial |  |
| 1978 |  | Rotterdam |  |  | Women's omnium |
| 1978 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's 1 km time trial | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit |
| 1979 |  | Rotterdam |  |  | Women's omnium |
| 1979 |  |  |  | Men's individual pursuit |  |
| 1980 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's 1 km time trial |  |
| 1981 |  |  |  |  | Women's omnium |
| 1981 |  |  |  | Men's individual pursuit
Men's 1 km time trial |  |
| 1982 |  | Rotterdam |  |  | Women's omnium |
| 1982 |  |  |  | Men's individual pursuit
Men's 1 km time trial |  |
| 1983 |  | Rotterdam |  |  | Women's omnium |
| 1983 |  |  |  | Men's individual pursuit
Men's points race
Men's 1 km time trial |  |
| 1984 |  |  |  | Men's individual pursuit
Men's points race
Men's 1 km time trial |  |
| 1985 |  |  |  | Men's individual pursuit
Men's points race
Men's 1 km time trial | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit |
| 1986 | -2- August |  |  | Men's 1 km time trial
Men's points race | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit |
| 1987 |  |  |  | Men's 1 km time trial | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit |
| 1988 |  |  |  | Men's 1 km time trial | Women's omnium |
| 1989 |  | Alkmaar | Sportpaleis Alkmaar |  | Women's omnium |
| 1989 |  |  |  | Men's 1 km time trial | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit
Women's points race |
| 1990 | July | Alkmaar | Sportpaleis Alkmaar | Men's 1 km time trial |  |
| 1991 |  | Alkmaar | Sportpaleis Alkmaar | Men's 1 km time trial | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit
Women's points race |
| 1992 | July | Alkmaar | Sportpaleis Alkmaar | Men's 1 km time trial | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit
Women's points race |
| 1993 | July | Alkmaar | Sportpaleis Alkmaar | Men's 1 km time trial | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit
Women's points race |
| 1994 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's points race
Men's keirin
Men's 1 km time trial | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit
Women's points race
Women's 500 m time trial |
| 1995 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's points race
Men's keirin
Men's 1 km time trial | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit
Women's points race
Women's 500 m time trial |
| 1996 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's points race
Men's keirin
Men's 1 km time trial
Men's madison | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit
Women's points race
Women's 500 m time trial |
| 1997 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's points race
Men's keirin
Men's 1 km time trial | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit
Women's points race
Women's 500 m time trial |
| 1998 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's points race
Men's keirin
Men's 1 km time trial | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit
Women's points race
Women's 500 m time trial |
| 1999 | 20–24 July |  |  | Men's omnium |  |
| 1999 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's points race
Men's keirin
Men's 1 km time trial | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit
Women's points race
Women's 500 m time trial |
| 2000 | 29–31 August | Amsterdam |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's points race
Men's keirin
Men's 1 km time trial
Men's madison
Men's omnium | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit
Women's points race
Women's 500 m time trial |
| 2001 |  |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's points race
Men's keirin
Men's 1 km time trial | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit
Women's points race
Women's 500 m time trial |
| 2002 | -8- December |  |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's points race
Men's keirin
Men's 1 km time trial | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit
Women's points race
Women's 500 m time trial |
| 2003 | 15 November |  |  | Men's scratch | Women's scratch |
| 2003 | 13 December | Alkmaar | Sportpaleis Alkmaar | Men's madison |  |
| 2003 | December | Amsterdam |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's points race
Men's keirin
Men's 1 km time trial | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit
Women's points race
Women's keirin
Women's 500 m time trial |
| 2004 | 1–2 October | Alkmaar | Sportpaleis Alkmaar | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's points race
Men's scratch
Men's keirin
Men's 1 km time trial | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit
Women's points race
Women's scratch
Women's keirin
Women's 500 m time trial |
| 2004 | 21 November |  |  | Men's madison |  |
| 2005 | 16–18 December | Amsterdam |  | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's points race
Men's scratch
Men's keirin
Men's 1 km time trial | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit
Women's points race
Women's scratch
Women's keirin
Women's 500 m time trial |
| 2006 | 28–30 December | Alkmaar | Sportpaleis Alkmaar | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's points race
Men's scratch
Men's keirin
Men's 1 km time trial
Men's madison | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit
Women's points race
Women's scratch
Women's keirin
Women's 500 m time trial |
| 2007 | 27–30 December | Alkmaar | Sportpaleis Alkmaar | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's points race
Men's scratch
Men's keirin
Men's 1 km time trial
Men's madison | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit
Women's points race
Women's scratch
Women's keirin
Women's 500 m time trial |
| 2008 | 27–30 December | Apeldoorn | Omnisport Apeldoorn | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's points race
Men's scratch
Men's keirin
Men's 1 km time trial
Men's madison | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit
Women's points race
Women's scratch
Women's keirin
Women's 500 m time trial |
| 2009 | 9–11 October | Alkmaar | Sportpaleis Alkmaar | Men's individual pursuit
Men's points race
Men's scratch
Men's madison | Women's individual pursuit
Women's points race
Women's scratch
Women's madison |
| 2009 | 28–30 December | Apeldoorn | Omnisport Apeldoorn | Men's sprint
Men's keirin
Men's 1 km time trial | Women's sprint
Women's keirin
Women's 500 m time trial |
| 2010 | 7 February | Alkmaar | Sportpaleis Alkmaar | Men's omnium | Women's omnium |
| 2010 | 16 October | Alkmaar | Sportpaleis Alkmaar | Men's madison | Women's madison |
| 2010 | 28–30 December | Apeldoorn | Omnisport Apeldoorn | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's points race
Men's scratch
Men's keirin
Men's 1 km time trial | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit
Women's points race
Women's scratch
Women's keirin
Women's 500 m time trial |
| 2011 | 5–6 March | Alkmaar | Sportpaleis Alkmaar | Men's omnium | Women's omnium |
| 2011 | 27–30 December | Apeldoorn | Omnisport Apeldoorn | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's points race
Men's scratch
Men's keirin
Men's 1 km time trial
Men's madison | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit
Women's points race
Women's scratch
Women's keirin
Women's 500 m time trial
Women's madison |
| 2012 | 28–29 January | Alkmaar | Sportpaleis Alkmaar | Men's omnium | Women's omnium |
| 2012 | 27–30 December | Apeldoorn | Omnisport Apeldoorn | Men's sprint
Men's individual pursuit
Men's points race
Men's scratch
Men's keirin
Men's 1 km time trial
Men's madison | Women's sprint
Women's individual pursuit
Women's points race
Women's scratch
Women's keirin
Women's 500 m time trial
Women's madison |
| 2013 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2014 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2015 | 20, 28–29 December | Alkmaar |  |  |  |
| 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2017 | 20, 27–29 December | Alkmaar | Sportpaleis Alkmaar |  |  |


title: Dutch National Time Trial Championships

abstract: The Dutch National Time Trial Championship is a time trial race that takes place inside the Dutch National Cycling Championship, and decides the best cyclist in this type of race. The first edition took place in 1991. The first race winner of the time trial championship was Bart Voskamp in 1991. Stef Clement and Tom Dumoulin hold the record for the most wins in the men's championship with four. The women's record is held by Leontien van Moorsel with six wins.

text:
# Dutch National Time Trial Championships

The **Dutch National Time Trial Championship** is a time trial race that takes place inside the Dutch National Cycling Championship, and decides the best cyclist in this type of race. The first edition took place in 1991. The first race winner of the time trial championship was Bart Voskamp in 1991. Stef Clement and Tom Dumoulin hold the record for the most wins in the men's championship with four. The women's record is held by Leontien van Moorsel with six wins.

## Multiple winners

## Men

### Elite

| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1991 | Bart Voskamp | Léon van Bon | Servais Knaven |
| 1992 | Arnold Stam | Patrick van Dijken | Jos Wolfkamp |
| 1993 | Jos Wolfkamp | Jaap ten Kortenaar | Pelle Tobias Kil |
| 1994 | Mario Gutte | Jos Wolfkamp | Jaap ten Kortenaar |
| 1995 | Erik Breukink | Frans Maassen | Patrick van Dijken |
| 1996 | Erik Dekker | Danny Nelissen | Jelle Nijdam |
| 1997 | Erik Breukink | Erik Dekker | Servais Knaven |
| 1998 | Patrick Jonker | Servais Knaven | Wilco Zuijderwijk |
| 1999 | Bart Voskamp | Erik Dekker | Renger Ypenburg |
| 2000 | Erik Dekker | Servais Knaven | Maarten Den Bakker |
| 2001 | Bart Voskamp | Remco van der Ven | Jan van Velzen |
| 2002 | Erik Dekker | Servais Knaven | Paul van Schalen |
| 2003 | Maarten den Bakker | Bart Voskamp | Servais Knaven |
| 2004 | Thomas Dekker | Joost Posthuma | Bart Voskamp |
| 2005 | Thomas Dekker | Erik Dekker | Michiel Elijzen |
| 2006 | Stef Clement | Erik Dekker | Joost Posthuma |
| 2007 | Stef Clement | Michiel Elijzen | Rick Flens |
| 2008 | Lars Boom | Joost Posthuma | Koen de Kort |
| 2009 | Stef Clement | Koos Moerenhout | Rick Flens |
| 2010 | Jos van Emden | Koos Moerenhout | Lieuwe Westra |
| 2011 | Stef Clement | Jens Mouris | Martijn Keizer |
| 2012 | Lieuwe Westra | Lars Boom | Niki Terpstra |
| 2013 | Lieuwe Westra | Niki Terpstra | Tom Dumoulin |
| 2014 | Tom Dumoulin | Sebastian Langeveld | Jos van Emden |
| 2015 | Wilco Kelderman | Rick Flens | Jos van Emden |
| 2016 | Tom Dumoulin | Jos van Emden | Wilco Kelderman |
| 2017 | Tom Dumoulin | Stef Clement | Robert Gesink |
| 2018 | Dylan van Baarle | Niki Terpstra | Wilco Kelderman |
| 2019 | Jos van Emden | Sebastian Langeveld | Dylan van Baarle |
| 2021 | Tom Dumoulin | Sebastian Langeveld | Koen Bouwman |
| 2022 | Bauke Mollema | Tom Dumoulin | Daan Hoole |
| 2023 | Jos van Emden | Daan Hoole | Sjoerd Bax |
| 2024 | Daan Hoole | Mick van Dijke | Sjoerd Bax |

### U23

| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 | Daniël van Elven | Remco van der Ven | Angelo Van Melis |
| 1998 | Marcel Duijn | Huub Bres | Coen Boerman |
| 1999 | Remmert Wielinga | Rick Pieterse | Vincent van der Kooij |
| 2000 | Remmert Wielinga | Jens Mouris | Roel Egelmeers |
| 2001 | Mart Louwers | Jens Mouris | Michiel Elijzen |
| 2002 | Stef Clement | Niels Scheuneman | Rick Flens |
| 2003 | Thomas Dekker | Niels Scheuneman | Joost Posthuma |
| 2004 | Thom Van Dulmen | Michiel Elijzen | Mathieu Heijboer |
| 2005 | Thom Van Dulmen | Levi Heimans | Tom Stamsnijder |
| 2006 | Kai Reus | Lars Boom | Niki Terpstra |
| 2007 | Lars Boom | Jos van Emden | Ronan van Zandbeek |
| 2008 | Emmanuel Van Ruitenbeek | Martijn Keizer | Dennis van Winden |
| 2009 | Dennis van Winden | Steven Kruijswijk | Martijn Keizer |
| 2010 | Martijn Keizer | Jasper Hamelink | Marc Goos |
| 2011 | Wilco Kelderman | Jasper Hamelink | Marc Goos |
| 2012 | Peter Koning | Bob Schoonbroodt | Marc Goos |
| 2013 | Dylan van Baarle | Sjors Roosen | Martijn Tusveld |
| 2014 | Steven Lammertink | Mike Teunissen | Tim Rodenburg |
| 2015 | Steven Lammertink | Martijn Tusveld | Tim Rodenburg |
| 2016 | Tim Rodenburg | Pascal Eenkhoorn | Jan-Willem van Schip |
| 2017 | Julius van den Berg | Pascal Eenkhoorn | Bas Tietema |
| 2018 | Hartthijs de Vries | Nils Eekhoff | Daan Hoole |
| 2019 | Daan Hoole | Wessel Krul | Nils Sinschek |
| 2021 | Mick van Dijke | Tim van Dijke | Marijn van den Berg |
| 2022 | Axel van der Tuuk | Mike Vliek | Enzo Leijnse |
| 2023 | Enzo Leijnse | Bodi del Grosso | Axel van der Tuuk |
| 2024 | Wessel Mouris | Pepijn Veenings | Elmar Abma |

### Junior

| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | Peter van Agtmaal | Kenny van Hummel | Koen de Kort |
| 2001 | Rick Flens | Norbert Poels | Kris Kamper |
| 2003 | Kai Reus | Levi Heimans | Tom Stamsnijder |
| 2004 | Robert Gesink | Sven Kramer | Thijs van Amerongen |
| 2005 | Martijn Keizer | Rienk Nauta | Steven Kruijswijk |
| 2006 | Martijn Keizer | Jetse Bol | Ronan van Zandbeek |
| 2007 | Peter Koning | Jarno Gmelich | Maurice de Bekker |
| 2008 | Jelle Lugten | Wilco Kelderman | Jasper Bovenhuis |
| 2009 | Bob Schoonbroodt | Dylan van Baarle | Jurjen de Vries |
| 2010 | Dylan van Baarle | Oscar Riesebeek | Danny van Poppel |
| 2011 | Paul Moerland | Ivar Slik | Danny van Poppel |
| 2012 | Joeri Leijs | Randy Ophof | Tim Rodenburg |
| 2013 | Sam Oomen | Stef Krul | Jaap de Jong |
| 2014 | Sjoerd Bax | Pascal Eenkhoorn | Sieben Wouters |
| 2015 | Marten Kooistra | Pascal Eenkhoorn | Daan Zebel |
| 2016 | Stijn Daemen | Willem Bok | Mitch Groot |
| 2017 | Minne Verboom | Thymen Arensman | Daan Hoole |
| 2018 | Axel van der Tuuk | Manuel Michielsen | Enzo Leijnse |
| 2019 | Lars Boven | Enzo Leijnse | Casper van Uden |
| 2020 | Loe van Belle | Tibor del Grosso | Mathijs de Kok |
| 2021 | Tibor del Grosso | Elmar Abma | Vincent van Dorp |
| 2022 | Sjors Lugthart | Mees Vlot | Vincent van Dorp |
| 2023 | Ryan Gal | Mees Vlot | Sjors Lugthart |
| 2024 | Michiel Mouris | Senna Remijn | Gijs Schoonvelde |

## Women

### Elite

| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1991 | Ingrid Haringa | Astrid Schop | Monique Knol |
| 1992 | Lenie Dijkstra | Natascha den Ouden | Els Koolloos |
| 1993 | Petra Grimbergen | Ingrid Haringa | Natascha den Ouden |
| 1994 | Maria Jongeling | Daniëlle Overgaag | Natascha den Ouden |
| 1995 | Jet Jongeling | Maria Jongeling | Natascha den Ouden |
| 1996 | Willeke van der Weide | Nicole Vermast | Jet Jongeling |
| 1997 | Leontien van Moorsel | Mariëlle van Scheppingen | Chantal Beltman |
| 1998 | Leontien van Moorsel | Mariëlle van Scheppingen | Yvonne Brunen |
| 1999 | Leontien van Moorsel | Mirjam Melchers | Mariëlle van Scheppingen |
| 2000 | Leontien van Moorsel | Anouska van der Zee | Sonja van Kuik |
| 2001 | Leontien van Moorsel | Anouska van der Zee | Mariëlle van Scheppingen |
| 2002 | Leontien van Moorsel | Loes Gunnewijk | Vera Koedooder |
| 2003 | Jolanda van Dongen | Leontien van Moorsel | Mirjam Melchers |
| 2004 | Mirjam Melchers | Loes Gunnewijk | Loes Markerink |
| 2005 | Suzanne de Goede | Loes Gunnewijk | Mirjam Melchers |
| 2006 | Loes Gunnewijk | Kirsten Wild | Iris Slappendel |
| 2007 | Ellen van Dijk | Regina Bruins | Mirjam Melchers |
| 2008 | Mirjam Melchers | Kirsten Wild | Loes Gunnewijk |
| 2009 | Regina Bruins | Kirsten Wild | Ellen van Dijk |
| 2010 | Marianne Vos | Regina Bruins | Kirsten Wild |
| 2011 | Marianne Vos | Ellen van Dijk | Loes Gunnewijk |
| 2012 | Ellen van Dijk | Annemiek van Vleuten | Iris Slappendel |
| 2013 | Ellen van Dijk | Loes Gunnewijk | Annemiek van Vleuten |
| 2014 | Annemiek van Vleuten | Ellen van Dijk | Marianne Vos |
| 2015 | Anna van der Breggen | Ellen van Dijk | Chantal Blaak |
| 2016 | Annemiek van Vleuten | Chantal Blaak | Roxane Knetemann |
| 2017 | Annemiek van Vleuten | Ellen van Dijk | Anna van der Breggen |
| 2018 | Ellen van Dijk | Anna van der Breggen | Lucinda Brand |
| 2019 | Annemiek van Vleuten | Ellen van Dijk | Anna van der Breggen |
| 2021 | Anna van der Breggen | Ellen van Dijk | Lucinda Brand |
| 2022 | Ellen van Dijk | Riejanne Markus | Anouska Koster |
| 2023 | Riejanne Markus | Demi Vollering | Annemiek van Vleuten |
| 2024 | Riejanne Markus | Lieke Nooijen | Demi Vollering |

### U23

| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2022 | Shirin van Anrooij | Maike van der Duin | Mischa Bredewold |

### Junior

| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1996 | Sonja van Kuik | Ghita Beltman | Mirella van Melis |
| 1997 | Sonja van Kuik | Danielle Jansen | Marlien de Voogd |
| 1998 | Evelien Basten | Jackelien Aerts | Sabine Gruters |
| 1999 | Evelien Basten | Saskia Kaagman | Miranda Vierling |
| 2000 | Vera Koedooder | Bertine Spijkerman | Saskia Kaagman |
| 2001 | Vera Koedooder | Miranda Vierling | Suzanne de Goede |
| 2002 | Miranda Vierling | Christa Pirard | Loes Markerink |
| 2003 | Loes Markerink | Eva Sijm | Liesbeth Bakker |
| 2004 | Ellen van Dijk | Roxane Knetemann | Marianne Vos |
| 2005 | Ellen van Dijk | Maxime Groenewegen | Marianne Vos |
| 2006 | Chantal Blaak | Linda van Rijen | Elise van Hage |
| 2007 | Chantal Blaak | Elise van Hage | Marit Huisman |
| 2008 | Lotte van Hoek | Amy Pieters | Marieke den Otter |
| 2009 | Lotte van Hoek | Amy Pieters | Birgit Lavrijssen |
| 2010 | Rebecca Talen | Annelies Visser | Henriette Woering |
| 2011 | Thalita de Jong | Pauliena Rooijakkers | Anouska Koster |
| 2012 | Corine van der Zijden | Demi de Jong | Lauren Arnouts |
| 2013 | Floortje Mackaij | Demi de Jong | Anouk Rijff |
| 2014 | Aafke Soet | Chanella Stougje | Jeanne Korevaar |
| 2015 | Yara Kastelijn | Aafke Soet | Karlijn Swinkels |
| 2016 | Maaike Boogaard | Karlijn Swinkels | Claudia Jongerius |
| 2017 | Anne de Ruiter | Marit Raaijmakers | Britt Knaven |
| 2018 | Rozemarijn Ammerlaan | Britt Knaven | Femke Gerritse |
| 2019 | Shirin van Anrooij | Leonie Bos | Maud Rijnbeek |
| 2020 | Elise Uijen | Ilse Pluimers | Shirin van Anrooij |
| 2021 | Anna van der Meiden | Mirre Knaven | Scarlett Souren |
| 2022 | Nienke Vinke | Mirre Knaven | Pem Hoefmans |
| 2023 | Fee Knaven | Tessa Kleijn | Silje Bader |
| 2024 | Fee Knaven | Puck Langenbarg | Megan Arens |

## InfoBox

Dutch National Time Trial Championships
| The champion's jersey | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | Road bicycle racing |
| Founded | 1991 |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Most recent
champion(s) | **Men's:** Jos van Emden
**Women's:** Riejanne Markus |
| Official website | http://www.nk-tijdrijden.nl/ |


title: Dutch Reformed Church, Alexandria

abstract: The Dutch Reformed Church is a place of worship of the Dutch Reformed Church in Alexandria, South Africa. It was declared a Provincial Heritage Site in 1987.

text:
# Dutch Reformed Church, Alexandria

The **Dutch Reformed Church** is a place of worship of the Dutch Reformed Church in Alexandria, South Africa. It was declared a Provincial Heritage Site in 1987.

## List of ministers

* Johannes Roos, 1869–1892
* Hendrik Christoffel de Wet, 1893–1903
* Schalk Willem van Niekerk, 1904 to 1911, when he left for Turffontein Reformed Church as their second pastor
* Hendrik Andries Hanekom, 1912–1921
* Petrus Jacobus Retief, 1921–1928
* Philippus Albertus Myburgh de Vos, 1929–1938 (emeritus)
* Christopher Hermanus Latsky, 1938–1943
* Gabriel Petrus le Roux, 1943–1947
* Hendrik Adrian de Wet, 1947–1953 (emeritus; died on 5 July 1970)
* Willem Adriaan Marais, 1953–?
* Vidius Nel, 1961–1965
* Floris Nicolaas Marais, 5 February 1966–1969
* Erick Severis Breytenbach, 18 July 1970–1973
* Gabriel Gideon le Roux, 1974–1980
* Jacob Francois van Wyk, 1981 to 1998 (emeritus)
* Nikolaas Jakobus du Toit, 2006 – (pastoral help) – 2012
* Willem Dawid (Dawie) Schoeman, 2012 – (present), came over from Ugie Reformed Church (NGK)

## Sources


title: Dutch Raid on North America

abstract: The Dutch Raid on North America took place from December 1672 to February 1674 during the Third Anglo-Dutch War, a related conflict of the Franco-Dutch War. A naval expedition led by Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest and Jacob Binckes attacked English and French possessions in North America. Evertsen originally planned to attack the homeward-bound convoy of the English East India Company, but abandoned the idea when his ships were intercepted by a superior Royal Navy squadron off Cape Verde. After linking up with Binckes, their combined force instead attacked the Americas intending to inflict as much damage as possible. Although they recaptured the former Dutch colony of New Netherland, it was returned to England under the terms of the Treaty of Westminster (1674). The raid marks the end of direct Dutch influence in colonial North America.

text:
# Dutch Raid on North America

The **Dutch Raid on North America** took place from December 1672 to February 1674 during the Third Anglo-Dutch War, a related conflict of the Franco-Dutch War. A naval expedition led by Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest and Jacob Binckes attacked English and French possessions in North America.

Evertsen originally planned to attack the homeward-bound convoy of the English East India Company, but abandoned the idea when his ships were intercepted by a superior Royal Navy squadron off Cape Verde. After linking up with Binckes, their combined force instead attacked the Americas intending to inflict as much damage as possible.

Although they recaptured the former Dutch colony of New Netherland, it was returned to England under the terms of the Treaty of Westminster (1674). The raid marks the end of direct Dutch influence in colonial North America.

## Background

Commercial conflicts between England and the Dutch Republic resulted in the 1652 to 1654 First Anglo-Dutch War and 1665 to 1667 Second Anglo-Dutch War, but tensions between the two countries significantly diminished after 1667. Both were concerned by French expansion under Louis XIV of France, while exchanging the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam for the spice island of Run resolved a major area of dispute. Despite this, in the 1670 Secret Treaty of Dover, Charles II of England agreed to support an attack by Louis on the Dutch and initiated the Third Anglo-Dutch War in April 1672.

When France invaded the Dutch Republic in May 1672, it initially seemed as if Louis had won an overwhelming victory. By the end of June, only the Dutch Waterline stood between them and the core province of Holland; by opening the sluices, the Dutch managed to stop the French advance. Dutch survival depended on control of the sea lanes, which ensured they could bring in vital supplies and keep trade routes open. On 7 June 1672, a Dutch naval force attacked the combined Anglo-French fleet at the Battle of Solebay; both sides lost one ship each, but it ended significant naval operations for the year. The battle thus prevented the allies from landing their troops on the Dutch coast.

His unexpected success proved a mixed blessing for Louis, since the possibility of France controlling the Republic, the largest commercial power in Europe, brought the Dutch support from Emperor Leopold and Spain among others and increased opposition to the war in England, where many had opposed an alliance with Catholic France from the start. Peace talks stalled after an over-confident Louis made demands unacceptable even to his English allies. Meanwhile his German ally, the Bishop of Münster, besieged Groningen, but was unsuccessful in this endeavor and retreated with heavy casualties.

By the Fall of 1672 however, the province of Zeeland, like Holland and the rest of the United Provinces, was approaching the brink of economic collapse. Taxation was able to meet only a portion of the States of Zeeland's military expenditures and the coming year was certain to be worse. By late Fall it had become obvious to Grand Pensionary Pieter de Huybert and his nephew Clerk of the States of Zeeland Justus de Huybert that a massive infusion of revenue was needed to keep their own States afloat in the upcoming year. During this period the idea was conceived to intercept the richly laden homeward-bound ships of the English East India Company, or if that failed to conduct a swift commerce raiding foray against the French and English enemy's colonies in the Americas. In the weeks that followed the passage of this resolution the Admiralty of Zeeland proceeded to prepare for the expedition in secrecy. They chose the experienced and capable Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest to lead the fleet composed of 6 ships and 586 sailors, militia and marines.

## Campaign

### Atlantic

On 30 November 1672, the Zeeland squadron departed from Vlissingen. Evertsen exercised caution as he prepared to slip south through the narrow, 20 mile wide Strait of Dover, one of the classic naval choke points of Europe. The next day, after an encounter with only one English warship, Evertsen entered the Atlantic Ocean. There the squadron encountered a few English ships some of whom were taken as prizes. After experiencing some bad weather, Evertsen finally reached his first objective on 14 January: the Canary Islands. There he revictualled and left for the Portuguese Cape Verde Islands. On 8 February, while revictualling and at anchor in Santiago Bay with only three out of his six ships, he was surprised and attacked by a superior English fleet under Richard Munden, who ironically was there to intercept a homeward-bound fleet of the VOC. The Dutch slipped their anchors as fast as they could and threw everything possible overboard. This allowed their ships to outsail the English squadron. The Dutch squadron thus escaped due to Evertsen's fast thinking and the remarkable seamanship of his crew. His ships were nevertheless still blockaded in the bay. The following day Munden invited Evertsen to surrender since his situation seemed hopeless, and threatened that the English would otherwise launch a fire ship to burn them out. Evertsen responded that he and his crew "were resolved to defend our ships to the last man, and that they could do whatever they thought best." Evertsen was however again able to outsail the English squadron and successfully brought his ships out of the bay to safety. After this narrow escape Evertsen realised that his principal objective was no longer attainable. Returning to the Netherlands without having achieved anything would, however, not go over well with the Admiralty and likely result in his dismissal. For this reason Evertsen decided to sail for America.

### Caribbean

Evertsen first sailed for The Guianas. He was thinking about capturing the French colony of Cayenne, but decided against it after reconnoitering the area. He then sailed for Suriname, which by then was already in Dutch hands. Thereafter Evertsen set sail for the French colony of Martinique. While sailing around Martinique he met by coincidence another Dutch squadron, of six ships from the Admiralty of Amsterdam, under Jacob Binckes. Binckes who had arrived earlier, had been sent out in December, with orders to escort Spanish treasure ships from the Azores to Cádiz and afterward to sail to the West Indies to prey on English and French colonies and their trade, had already captured a number of French ships. They decided to join forces, agreeing to alternate command weekly and to attack both English and French colonies. Their first target was the French colony of Guadeloupe.

When they first arrived they were immediately attacked by two French armed merchantmen who were soundly beaten. After they laid siege to Guadeloupe, they captured another five armed merchantmen. They then tried to take Nevis, but failed due to bad communication. They decided to continue to the Leeward Islands, where Saint Kitts was next. On 28 May they arrived off its west coast, and harassed, and captured the ships anchored there. The former Dutch colony of Sint Eustatius was close. It had been captured by the English not long before and Evertsen was interested in a possible recapture. On 29 May they arrived and after a short battle the English garrison surrendered, and the island and neighbouring Saba were captured. The Dutch squadron remained there for a while, capturing prizes, and expropriating the local African slaves as punishment for the disloyal behavior of the local Dutch settlers, but they eventually set sail for the neutral island of Spanish Puerto Rico where they planned to sell slaves they had captured from the English. They arrived at San Juan, where, however the Spanish governor proved uncooperative and kept delaying, refusing permission for revictualling and watering. At San Juan the Dutch commanders thought about their next move. They decided that it would be too difficult to sell the slaves profitably at San Juan. They used two English and French prizes with Dutch prize crews to transport and sell the slaves in Suriname, at Fort Zeelandia (Paramaribo). After the prizes returned from Paramaribo the commanders decided on the next objective, which would be English North America.

### Virginia

It was decided they would set sail for the English colony of Virginia. While the Dutch were on their way governor William Berkeley of the colony was informed of a possible Dutch raid, which had happened before during the Second Anglo-Dutch war by the naval expedition of Abraham Crijnssen. At this time Virginia was not well defended and fortifications were insufficient. The people of the colony were panicking. They were doing their best to reinforce the forts and raise more troops. Meanwhile the annual departure of the Maryland and Virginia tobacco fleets for England was approaching. The capture of these ships was the main objective of the Dutch, like it had been in 1667. The Royal Navy had sent two 50 gun frigates, the HMS *Barnaby* and the HMS *Augustine*, to protect the combined convoy.

The Dutch squadron arrived on 10 July (O.S.) They anchored in the Lynnhaven Roads, just west of Cape Henry. The English commanders Thomas Gardiner and Edward Cotterell decided to play a waiting game, but they were forced to act when on 12 July the Maryland tobacco ships suddenly appeared coming down the Chesapeake Bay and unsuspectingly sailing straight at the waiting Dutch. The English warships therefore engaged the Dutch fleet and succeeded in their attempt to lure the Dutch warships away, but the odds were against them and at the end of the day the Dutch prevailed. In the next few days the Dutch captured a number of ships (some of them stranded English merchantmen, which they burned), but due to the many shoals in the Hampton Roads and adjacent rivers, where the tobacco fleet had taken refuge, were unable to capture the majority of the English ships. They decided to retreat since they thought their mission was accomplished. They had captured thousands of hogsheads of tobacco, and driven both the Virginia, and Maryland tobacco fleets in hiding to Jamestown, at a small cost to themselves.

## New Netherlands

In the days after the battle the Dutch fleet captured a small English ship. One of the captured Englishmen told Evertsen all about the situation in New York. He informed him that the defenses of Fort James were weak and that governor Francis Lovelace was absent. Evertsen and Binckes then decided to grasp the opportunity to recapture the former New Amsterdam and New Netherland from the English. They then set sail for New York. On 25 July (O.S.) they passed Cape Henlopen. On 30 July (O.S.) (8 August N.S.) they anchored near Staten Island. When they arrived a number of Dutch colonists came aboard and complained about the English occupation. These Dutchmen were tired of the harsh English rule. They confirmed that governor Lovelace was absent and that the fort was weakly guarded. After a Council of War the two Dutch commanders decided to issue a proclamation in which they told the inhabitants of New York that they had nothing to fear from the Dutch if they were ready to submit to the States General of the Netherlands.

The next morning (31 July (O.S.) / 9 August 1673 (N.S.)) the Dutch fleet set sail for Manhattan. They were met by a boat carrying parlimentaires representing the garrison commander of Fort James, captain John Manning. Evertsen and Binckes verbally issued an ultimatum, but the parlimentaires demanded to see their commission. Evertsen replied that "my dacht dat seer onredelijck te sijn, gevende haar tot antwoort, dat die in de tromp van 't canon stack, gelijc sij wel haest souden gewaer worden, bij aldien het fort niet overleverden."

While the Dutch ships anchored under the fort, but out of reach of its guns, there were several exchanges with Manning through Dutch and English parlimentaires. Manning remained reluctant, so the ships opened fire on the fort, which the English answered with their guns. A landing force of Dutch marines under the command of captain Anthony Colve was brought ashore and marched to the fort on the land side. Manning then ran up a white flag and asked to be allowed to surrender with the honors of war. This was granted and the Dutch troops entered the fort, after which the English garrison marched out and laid down its arms. They were made prisoners of war.

In October Evertsen and Binckes sent a fleet of four ships under Nicholas Boes to attack the entire fisheries fleet at Newfoundland. It was a great success which caused massive destruction.

## Aftermath

Cornelis and Binckes departed from New Netherland in mid-September and arrived in the Azores on 27 October. During their journey, they encountered a significant storm, resulting in the loss of several ships. The remaining fleet reached Cadiz in December, requiring extensive repairs and refitting. While they were at this neutral harbor HMS Tyger (38) also entered and issued what the Dutch considered an insulting challenge. Evertsen pressured captain Passchier de Witte of the *Schaeckerloo* (28) to accept it, and this resulted in a single combat in the Cadiz roadstead between the two ships on 13 February 1674 (O.S.; 23 February 1674 (N.S.)). The Dutch failed to board the English ship and were severely battered in the gun battle. This resulted in very heavy Dutch losses, the wounding of captain De Witte, and the capture of the Dutch ship. This happened to be the last battle of the Third Anglo-Dutch War.

While at Cadiz, Evertsen received orders from his home country. Subsequently, on 23 June 1674, he returned to Vlissingen. Despite the efforts of Evertsen and Binckes, the Dutch rule over New Netherland was short-lived. In November 1674, the colony reverted to English control on the basis of the Treaty of Westminster (1674), serving as a bargaining chip in the peace process. This event marked the end of the Dutch empire's presence in North America.

1. Shomette & Haslach 1988, p. 12.
2. Boxer 1969, p. 70.
3. Van Nimwegen 2010, pp. 442–443.
4. Rodger 2004, p. 82.
5. Van Nimwegen 2020, p. 117.
6. Boxer 1969, p. 72.
7. Van Nimwegen 2020, p. 121.
8. Shomette & Haslach 1988, p. 41-47.
9. Shomette & Haslach 1988, p. 54.
10. Shomette & Haslach 1988, p. 55-56.
11. Shomette & Haslach 1988, p. 57-75.
12. Shomette & Haslach 1988, p. 95-99.
13. Pritchard 2004, p. 277.
14. Shomette & Haslach 1988, pp. 111–116.
15. Shomette & Haslach 1988, p. 101-121.
16. Shomette & Haslach 1988, p. 123-150.
17. Shomette & Haslach 1988, pp. 155–161.
18. De Waard 1928, pp. 39–43.
19. De Waard 1928, p. 42.
20. Shomette & Haslach 1988, p. 153-176.
21. De Waard 1928, pp. 43.
22. Pope, Peter E (December 2012). *Fish Into Wine The Newfoundland Plantation in the Seventeenth Century* (E-book ed.). Omohundro Institute and University of North Carolina Press. p. 149. ISBN 9780807839171.
23. Shomette and Haslach, pp. 277-281
24. Douglas, Peter. "The man who Took back New Netherland" (PDF). *New Netherland Institute*. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2023.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Dutch Raid on North America | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Franco-Dutch War and Third Anglo-Dutch War | |
|  | |
| Date December 1672 to February 1674  Location Caribbean and North America  Result  Dutch victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Dutch Republic | England
France |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest
Anthony Colve
Jacob Binckes | Richard Munden
John Manning |
| Strength | |
| Initially 6 vessels (115 guns) and 586 men | **Munden's Squadron**
4 warships (174-184 guns)
2 fireships |
| Casualties and losses | |
|  | 200 vessels captured or destroyed |


title: Duelm, Minnesota

abstract: Duelm is an unincorporated community in St. George Township, Benton County, Minnesota, United States, near Foley. The community is located along Duelm Road near 110th Avenue. Stoney Brook flows through the community. State Highways 25 and 95 are also in the immediate area. Duelm was originally settled chiefly by Germans from the town Dülmen.

text:
# Duelm, Minnesota

**Duelm** is an unincorporated community in St. George Township, Benton County, Minnesota, United States, near Foley. The community is located along Duelm Road near 110th Avenue. Stoney Brook flows through the community.

State Highways 25 (MN 25) and 95 (MN 95) are also in the immediate area.

Duelm was originally settled chiefly by Germans from the town Dülmen.

## InfoBox

| Duelm | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| DuelmLocation of the community of Duelm<br>within St. George Township, Benton CountyDuelmDuelm (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 45°34′20″N 93°56′04″W / 45.57222°N 93.93444°W / 45.57222; -93.93444 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Minnesota |
| County | Benton |
| Township | St. George Township |
| Elevation | 1,030 ft (310 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 56329 |
| Area code | 320 |
| GNIS feature ID | 642965 |


title: Dupontia proletaria

abstract: Dupontia proletaria is an extinct species of small air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Euconulidae, the hive snails. This species is endemic to Mauritius and Réunion.

text:
# Dupontia proletaria

***Dupontia proletaria*** is an extinct species of small air-breathing land snail, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Euconulidae, the hive snails.

This species is endemic to Mauritius and Réunion.

## InfoBox

| *Dupontia proletaria* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Extinct  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade Panpulmonata
clade Eupulmonata
clade Stylommatophora
informal group Sigmurethra
clade limacoid clade |
| Superfamily: | Gastrodontoidea |
| Family: | Euconulidae |
| Genus: | *Dupontia* |
| Species: | ***D. proletaria*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dupontia proletaria***
Morelet, 1860 | |
|


title: 1762

abstract: 1762 (MDCCLXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1762nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 762nd year of the 2nd millennium, the 62nd year of the 18th century, and the 3rd year of the 1760s decade. As of the start of 1762, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

text:
# 1762

1762 in various calendars
| Gregorian calendar | 1762
*MDCCLXII* |
| --- | --- |
| Ab urbe condita | 2515 |
| Armenian calendar | 1211
ԹՎ ՌՄԺԱ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6512 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1683–1684 |
| Bengali calendar | 1169 |
| Berber calendar | 2712 |
| British Regnal year | 2 Geo. 3  3 Geo. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2306 |
| Burmese calendar | 1124 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7270–7271 |
| Chinese calendar | 辛巳年 (Metal Snake)
4459 or 4252
*to*
壬午年 (Water Horse)
4460 or 4253 |
| Coptic calendar | 1478–1479 |
| Discordian calendar | 2928 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1754–1755 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5522–5523 |
| Hindu calendars |  |
| \- *Vikram Samvat* | 1818–1819 |
| \- *Shaka Samvat* | 1683–1684 |
| \- *Kali Yuga* | 4862–4863 |
| Holocene calendar | 11762 |
| Igbo calendar | 762–763 |
| Iranian calendar | 1140–1141 |
| Islamic calendar | 1175–1176 |
| Japanese calendar | Hōreki 12
(宝暦１２年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1687–1688 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 11 days |
| Korean calendar | 4095 |
| Minguo calendar | 150 before ROC
民前150年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 294 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2304–2305 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴金蛇年
(female Iron-Snake)
1888 or 1507 or 735
*to*
阳水马年
(male Water-Horse)
1889 or 1508 or 736 |

**1762** (MDCCLXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1762nd year of the Common Era (CE) and *Anno Domini* (AD) designations, the 762nd year of the 2nd millennium, the 62nd year of the 18th century, and the 3rd year of the 1760s decade. As of the start of 1762, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

## Events

### JanuaryMarch

### AprilJune

* April 2  A powerful earthquake along the border between modern-day Bangladesh and Myanmar causes a tsunami in the Bay of Bengal that kills at least 200 people.
* April 5  France issues a new ordinance requiring all black and mixed-race Frenchmen to register their identity information with the offices of the Admiralty Court, upon the advice of Guillaume Poncet de la Grave, adviser to King Louis XV. The new rule, which requires both free and enslaved blacks and mulattoes to list data including their age, surname, purpose for which they are residing in France, whether they have been baptized as Christians, where they emigrated from in Africa and the name of the ship upon which they arrived. Previously, the Declaration of 1738 required slave-owners to register their slaves, but placed no requirement on free people.
* May 5 (April 24 O.S.)  The Treaty of Saint Petersburg ends the war between Russia and Prussia, and returns all of Russia's territorial conquests to the Prussians.
* May 22  The Treaty of Hamburg takes Sweden out of the war against Prussia.
* May 26  Dissatisfied with the progress of the French and Indian War, King George III dismisses his Prime Minister, the Duke of Newcastle, and replaces him with his former tutor, Tory politician John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute. The Bute ministry lasts less than a year before Stuart's resignation in 1763.
* May 31  Marco Foscarini becomes the new Doge of the Republic of Venice after the death of Francesco Loredan, who had administered the Republic for 10 years.
* June 8  Cherokee Indian war chief Ostenaco and his two aides, Standing Turkey (Cunneshote) and Pouting Pigeon, are received by King George III. They had arrived three days earlier at Plymouth on the British frigate *Epreuvre* as guests of the Timberlake Expedition of Henry Timberlake, to discuss terms of peace with the British government.
* June 24  Battle of Wilhelmsthal: The Anglo-Hanoverian army of Ferdinand of Brunswick defeats the French forces in Westphalia. The British commander Lord Granby distinguishes himself.

### JulySeptember

### OctoberDecember

### Date unknown

## Births

### Date unknown

## Deaths

## InfoBox

| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
| --- | --- |
| Centuries: |  |
| Decades: |  |
| Years: |  |


abstract: The 1959 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team represented Eastern Michigan University in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1959 college football season. In their eighth season under head coach Fred Trosko, the Hurons compiled a 1–7 record and were outscored by their opponents, 217 to 50. In the second game of the season, the Hurons defeated Illinois State by a 14–7 score, but then lost the six remaining games. Dave L. Longridge was the team captain and also led the team with 513 passing yards and 517 yards of total offense. Albert Day led the team with 226 rushing yards and was a first-team selection for the All-IIAC team; he was also selected for the team's most valuable player award. The team totaled only 645 net yards of offense. The Hurons had great success in the 1950s, winning IIAC conference championships in 1954, 1955 and 1957. However, by 1959, Eastern Michigan had ceased granting athletic scholarships, even though IIAC rules permitted member schools to do so. The school also banned recruiting and drastically reduced the football program's budget to $15,300. University vice president William Lawrence explained: "We feel athletics here are for students with students the participants. We don't think it's our job to go out and hire a troop of athletes to entertain our students." Using non-scholarship athletes against IIAC schools with scholarship athletes, Trosko's Eastern Michigan teams were unable to compete and suffered a 29-game winless streak (0–27–2) between October 7, 1959, and October 27, 1962.

text:
# 1959 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team

1959 Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| No. 2 Western Illinois $ | 6 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 9 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
| No. 17 Northern Illinois State | 4 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 7 |  | 2 |  | 0 |
| Central Michigan | 4 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 7 |  | 3 |  | 0 |
| Southern Illinois | 4 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 4 |  | 0 |
| Eastern Illinois | 1 |  | 4 |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  | 5 |  | 1 |
| Eastern Michigan | 1 |  | 5 |  | 0 |  |  | 1 |  | 7 |  | 0 |
| Illinois State Normal | 0 |  | 5 |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  | 5 |  | 1 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * $  Conference champion Rankings from NAIA poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1959 Eastern Michigan Hurons football team** represented Eastern Michigan University in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1959 college football season. In their eighth season under head coach Fred Trosko, the Hurons compiled a 1–7 record (1–5 against IIAC opponents) and were outscored by their opponents, 217 to 50. In the second game of the season, the Hurons defeated Illinois State by a 14–7 score, but then lost the six remaining games. Dave L. Longridge was the team captain and also led the team with 513 passing yards and 517 yards of total offense.

Albert Day led the team with 226 rushing yards and was a first-team selection for the All-IIAC team; he was also selected for the team's most valuable player award. The team totaled only 645 net yards of offense.

The Hurons had great success in the 1950s, winning IIAC conference championships in 1954, 1955 and 1957.

However, by 1959, Eastern Michigan had ceased granting athletic scholarships, even though IIAC rules permitted member schools to do so. The school also banned recruiting and drastically reduced the football program's budget to $15,300. University vice president William Lawrence explained: "We feel athletics here are for students with students the participants.

We don't think it's our job to go out and hire a troop of athletes to entertain our students." Using non-scholarship athletes against IIAC schools with scholarship athletes, Trosko's Eastern Michigan teams were unable to compete and suffered a 29-game winless streak (0–27–2) between October 7, 1959, and October 27, 1962.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 30 | Youngstown State* |  | L 3–21 | 4,137 |  |
| October 7 | Illinois State | * Briggs Field * Ypsilanti, MI | W 13–7 | 3,500 |  |
| October 14 | at Northern Michigan* | Marquette, MI | L 6–39 |  |  |
| October 17 | Central Michigan | * Briggs Field * Ypsilanti, MI (rivalry) | L 8–21 | 5,000 |  |
| October 24 | at Eastern Illinois |  | L 6–32 |  |  |
| October 31 | Southern Illinois | * Briggs Field * Ypsilanti, MI | L 14–41 | 600 |  |
| November 7 | at Northern Illinois* |  | L 0–34 |  |  |
| November 14 | at No. 9 Western Illinois |  | L 0–22 |  |  |
| * \*Non-conference game * Homecoming * Rankings from UPI Poll released prior to the game | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1959 Eastern Michigan Hurons football | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference |
| Record | 1–7 (1–5 IIAC) |
| Head coach |  |
| MVP | Albert E. Day |
| Captain | Dave L. Longridge |
| Home stadium | Briggs Field |
|


title: 1608 in Quebec

abstract: Events from the year 1608 in Quebec.

text:
# 1608 in Quebec

Events from the year **1608 in Quebec**.

## Events

## Births

John Milton was born in London on December 9, 1608, to John and Sara Milton.

## Deaths

## InfoBox

| **Years in Quebec:** | 1605 1606 1607 **1608** 1609 1610 1611 |
| --- | --- |
| **Centuries:** | 16th century · **17th century** · 18th century |
| **Decades:** | 1570s 1580s 1590s **1600s** 1610s 1620s 1630s |
| **Years:** | 1605 1606 1607 **1608** 1609 1610 1611 |