title: Fabyan Villa

abstract: Fabyan Villa was the home of George and Nelle Fabyan from c. 1908 to 1939. The house is notable because of its remodelling in 1907 by Frank Lloyd Wright. It was the centerpiece of the Fabyans country estate, which they named Riverbank. The Kane County Forest Preserve District of Illinois purchased the majority of the Fabyan estate in 1939, and operated the Fabyans' home as a museum off and on beginning in 1940. In 1995 Preservation Partners of the Fox Valley was enlisted to operate the site and developed the Fabyan Villa Museum into a Fabyan historic home museum, where photographs, the Fabyans' personal artifact collections, and a limited number of original furnishings, as well as the Riverbank story are shared with the public.

text:
# Fabyan Villa

**Fabyan Villa** was the home of George and Nelle Fabyan from c. 1908 to 1939. The house is notable because of its remodelling in 1907 by Frank Lloyd Wright. It was the centerpiece of the Fabyans country estate, which they named Riverbank. The Kane County Forest Preserve District of Illinois purchased the majority of the Fabyan estate in 1939, and operated the Fabyans' home as a museum off and on beginning in 1940. In 1995 Preservation Partners of the Fox Valley was enlisted to operate the site and developed the **Fabyan Villa Museum** into a Fabyan historic home museum, where photographs, the Fabyans' personal artifact collections, and a limited number of original furnishings, as well as the Riverbank story are shared with the public.

## Fabyan country estate, Riverbank

George Fabyan was a millionaire businessman who had a thirst for knowledge. Inheritance from his tycoon-father's textile business, Bliss, Fabyan & Co., provided the financial foundation from which the Colonel and his wife, Nelle, established their legacy. Riverbank, their estate on the Fox River in Geneva, Illinois spanned approximately 300 acres (1.2 km2) and featured, among other things, a Japanese Garden, private zoo, Roman-style swimming pool, greenhouses, gardens, grottoes, a lighthouse, a Dutch-style windmill, a country club, a small farm and a scientific laboratory complex.

The mid-1800s farmhouse that the Fabyans acquired in 1905 was dubbed by them, **The Villa**. In 1907, the farmhouse was extensively redesigned by Frank Lloyd Wright, who added a south wing, three verandas and large eaves to achieve a cruciform modestly Prairie-style country house. Other hallmarks of Wright's organic architecture found in the Fabyan Villa are geometric window motifs, 'light screens' (bands of windows), string-coursing, open floor plan and wood-spindle screening.

In 1910, the Fabyans hired Taro Otsuka to design a Japanese-style garden below the villa. The one-acre garden was developed over the next several years, and from 1918 on, maintained by Susumu Kobayashi, a Japanese immigrant gardener. Japanese gardens were popular amongst the upper class, and it was a well-known attraction throughout the 1920s and 1930s. Although neglected for decades after the Fabyans, the Fabyan Japanese Garden was renovated beginning in 1974, and today contains restored and replicated original elements including a pond, waterfall, moon bridge, oversized lantern, and teahouse.

In 1914, the Fabyans purchased a windmill located on a farm near what is now Elmhurst, Illinois and had it relocated to the east bank of the Fox River across from the Villa on acreage acquired that same year. The Fabyan Windmill is unique due to the bakery it houses that, according to legend, was used to bake bread for the Fabyans' pet bears. During wartime rationing, the Windmill was used to grind grain for the surrounding community: a deed that was later honored by means of a U.S. postal stamp.

## Riverbank Laboratories

Between 1912 and 1922, Fabyan created Riverbank Laboratories, the first privately owned research facility in the United States. In fact, the National Security Agency has recognized Riverbank Laboratories as the birthplace of cryptology and has honored Fabyan for his associated services to the United States' government. Nearly all American military World War I cryptography was done at Fabyan's laboratories, where Elizabeth Wells Gallup and her staff of assistants, including Elizebeth Friedman and William F. Friedman, had spent several years honing cryptology skills and methodology searching for proof of Sir Francis Bacon's authorship of Shakespeare's plays using Bacon's own ciphers.

This site also contained George's and Nelle's private library and museum. In 1918, Fabyan built the first reverberation chamber in the US for Harvard physicist Wallace Clement Sabine, the pioneer researcher in architectural acoustics. The acoustic laboratory is still in use today as a testing facility.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Fabyan Villa | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Interactive map showing the location of Fabyan Villa | |
| Location | Geneva, Illinois |
| Coordinates | 41°52′16″N 88°18′43″W / 41.87111°N 88.31194°W / 41.87111; -88.31194 |
| Built | 1907 |
| Architect | Frank Lloyd Wright |
| Architectural style | Prairie School |
| NRHP reference No. | 84001128 |
| Added to NRHP | February 9, 1984 |


title: BM Remudas

abstract: Balonmano Remudas, a.k.a. Rocasa Gran Canaria ACE for sponsorship reasons, is a Spanish professional women's handball club from Telde in the island of Gran Canaria, Canary Islands. Founded in 1978, ten years later it was promoted to the División de Honor, where it has played since. Its best result is the first place in 2019. Remudas won the EHF Challenge Cup in 2016 and 2019.

text:
# BM Remudas

**Balonmano Remudas**, a.k.a. **Rocasa Gran Canaria ACE** for sponsorship reasons, is a Spanish professional women's handball club from Telde in the island of Gran Canaria, Canary Islands.

Founded in 1978, ten years later it was promoted to the División de Honor, where it has played since. Its best result is the first place in 2019. Remudas won the EHF Challenge Cup in 2016 and 2019.

## Season to season

| Season Tier Division Pos. Notes  1986–87 2 Primera Nacional 3rd (Group 6)   1987–88 2 Primera Nacional 1st (Group 6)   1988–89 2 Primera Nacional 1st (Group 4) Promoted  1989–90 1 División de Honor 8th   1990–91 1 División de Honor 5th   1991–92 1 División de Honor 3rd   1992–93 1 División de Honor 7th   1993–94 1 División de Honor 5th   1994–95 1 División de Honor 6th   1995–96 1 División de Honor 10th   1996–97 1 División de Honor 8th   1997–98 1 División de Honor 10th   1998–99 1 División de Honor 5th   1999–00 1 División de Honor 4th   2000–01 1 División de Honor 6th   2001–02 1 División de Honor 5th   2002–03 1 División de Honor 7th  2003–04 1 División de Honor 8th   2004–05 1 División de Honor 8th | Season Tier Division Pos. Notes  2005–06 1 División de Honor 12th   2006–07 1 División de Honor 8th   2007–08 1 División de Honor 8th   2008–09 1 División de Honor 11th   2009–10 1 División de Honor 11th   2010–11 1 División de Honor 12th   2011–12 1 División de Honor 7th   2012–13 1 División de Honor 3rd   2013–14 1 División de Honor 2nd   2014–15 1 División de Honor 2nd   2015–16 1 División de Honor 2nd   2016–17 1 División de Honor 3rd   2017–18 1 División de Honor 3rd   2018–19 1 División de Honor 1st   2019–20 1 División de Honor 8th   2020–21 1 División de Honor 3rd   2021–22 1 División de Honor 3rd |
| --- | --- |

---

## Trophies

## European record

| Season | Competition | Round | Club | 1st leg | 2nd leg | Aggregate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | | | | |
| 2000–01 | EHF Cup Winners' Cup | R3 | Petah Tikva | 42–14 | 43–11 | **85–25** |
| | | R4 | Zalău | 23–19 | 17–25 | **41–44** |
|  | | | | | | |
| 2002–03 | EHF Cup | R2 | Minsk | 30–29 | 32–24 | **62–53** |
| | | R3 | Lützellinden | 17–17 | 23–17 | **40–34** |
| | | R4 | Galychanka Lviv | 32–23 | 22–23 | **54–46** |
| | | 1/4 | Motor Zaporizhzhia | 17–24 | 14–28 | **31–52** |
|  | | | | | | |
| 2013-14 | EHF Cup | R3 | Gomel | 30–20 | 26–26 | **56–46** |
| | | 1/8 | Lada Togliatti | 28–30 | 16–26 | **44–56** |
|  | | | | | | |
| 2014-15 | EHF Cup | R3 | Lugi Lund | 28–24 | 25–23 | **53–47** |
| | | 1/8 | Érd | 22–30 | 23–31 | **45–61** |
|  | | | | | | |
| 2015-16
**Winner** | Challenge Cup | 1/8 | Shqiponja | 23–38 | 31–56 | **94–54** |
| | | 1/4 | Aranđelovac | 35–25 | 27–19 | **62–44** |
| | | 1/2 | Start Elbląg | 25–24 | 22–22 | **47–46** |
| | | Final | Kastamonu | 29–25 | 33–29 | **62–54** |
|  | | | | | | |
| 2016-17 | Challenge Cup | R3 | HIFK | 39–12 | 32–21 | **71–33** |
| | | 1/8 | Ajdovščina | 31–18 | 36–21 | **67–39** |
| | | 1/4 | Lokomotiva Zagreb | 24–29 | 26–23 | **50–52** |
|  | | | | | | |
| 2017–18 | Challenge Cup | R3 | Maedilon | 32–18 | 32–26 | **64–44** |
| | | 1/8 | Boden | 19–19 | 31–26 | **50–45** |
| | | 1/4 | Zağnos | 37–25 | 25–20 | **62–45** |
| | | 1/2 | Lokomotiva Zagreb | 25–25 | 26–26 | **51–51** |
| | | Final | Lublin | 22–22 | 23–27 | **45–49** |
|  | | | | | | |
| 2018–19
**Winner** | Challenge Cup | 1/8 | Yenimahalle | 33–23 | 24–22 | **57–45** |
| | | 1/4 | Gomel | 24–18 | 21–26 | **45–44** |
| | | 1/2 | Kristianstad | 22–17 | 31–20 | **53–37** |
| | | Final | Pogoń Szczecin | 23–24 | 30–23 | **53–47** |
|  | | | | | | |
| 2019–20 | EHF Champions League | QF | Baník Most | **21–28** | | |
| | | QF | Jagodina | **28–15** | | |
| | EHF Cup | R3 | Măgura Cisnădie | 28–24 | 18–22 | **46–46** **()** |
|  | | | | | | |
| 2021–22
**Winner** | EHF European Cup | R2 | A.R.C. Alpendorada | 33–22 | 35–25 | **68–47** |
| | | R3 | Skara HF | 37–38 | 27–25 | **64–63** |
| | | L16 | İzmir Büyükşehir | 36–27 | 28–28 | **64–55** |
| | | QF | Visitelche.com CB Elche | 23–17 | 22–22 | **45–39** |
| | | SF | HC Galychanka | 34–27 | 19–20 | **53–47** |
| | | F | CBF Málaga Costa del Sol | 21–17 | 25–29 | **46–46** **()** |
|  | | | | | | |
| 2022–23 | EHF European League | R2 | ŽRK Bjelovar | 42–19 | 37–22 | **79–41** |
| | | R3 | Sola HK | 29–32 | 28–34 | **57–66** |

## Team

### Current squad

*Squad for the 2024-25 season*

## Notable players

## InfoBox

| Rocasa G.C. ACE | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Full name | Balonmano Remudas |
| Short name | Remudas |
| Founded | 1978 |
| Arena | Antonio Moreno, Telde |
| Capacity | 800 |
| President | Antonio Moreno (ESP) |
| Head coach | Iñaki Aniz (ESP) |
| League | División de Honor |
| 2022–23 | División de Honor, 4th |
|  | |
| **Website**
Official site | |


title: Fujin Road station

abstract: Fujin Road is a station and the northern terminus of the Shanghai Metro Line 1. It is located at the intersection of Wenchuan Highway and Yangzong Road in Baoshan District. This station has been the northern terminus of line 1 since the northern extension from Gongfu Xincun on 29 December 2007. The station has three tracks, one island platform, and one side platform. Only the outer island platform and the side platform are in use, with the side platform used for terminating Line 1 trains and the outer island platform for originating trains towards Xinzhuang.

text:
# Fujin Road station

**Fujin Road** (simplified Chinese: 富锦路; traditional Chinese: 富錦路; pinyin: *Fùjǐn Lù*) is a station and the northern terminus of the Shanghai Metro Line 1. It is located at the intersection of Wenchuan Highway and Yangzong Road in Baoshan District. This station has been the northern terminus of line 1 since the northern extension from Gongfu Xincun on 29 December 2007.

The station has three tracks, one island platform, and one side platform. Only the outer island platform and the side platform are in use, with the side platform used for terminating Line 1 trains and the outer island platform for originating trains towards Xinzhuang.

## Exit list

| Exit No. | Location |
| --- | --- |
| Exit 1 | West side of Wenchuan Highway, south side of Yangbei Road |
| Exit 2 | East side of Wenchuan Highway, north side of Yangzong Road |

## InfoBox

| Fujin Road
富锦路 | |
| --- | --- |
| Station platform at night | |
| General information | |
| Location | Wenchuan Highway (蕰川路) and Fujin Road (富锦路)
Yanghang, Baoshan District, Shanghai
China |
| Coordinates | 31°23′32″N 121°25′29″E / 31.39226°N 121.424661°E / 31.39226; 121.424661 |
| Operated by | Shanghai No. 1 Metro Operation Co. Ltd. |
| Line(s) | Line 1 |
| Platforms | 3 (1 island and 1 side platform) |
| Tracks | 3 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Elevated |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Station code | L01/28 |
| History | |
| Opened | 29 December 2007 (2007-12-29) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Shanghai Metro Following station  *Terminus*  Line 1  West Youyi Roadtowards Xinzhuang | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Fujin RoadLocation in Shanghai | |


title: 1987 (Fibes, Oh Fibes! album)

abstract: 1987 is an album by Swedish band Fibes, Oh Fibes! released in 2009 which was collaborated with Gary Kemp, Pontus Winnberg, Petter Winberg and Oskar Linnros. The album also contains duets with Björn Skifs and Kim Wilde. The album won "Pop Album of the Year" at the 2010 Grammis Awards.

text:
# 1987 (Fibes, Oh Fibes! album)

***1987*** is an album by Swedish band Fibes, Oh Fibes! released in 2009 which was collaborated with Gary Kemp, Pontus Winnberg, Petter Winberg and Oskar Linnros. The album also contains duets with Björn Skifs and Kim Wilde. The album won "Pop Album of the Year" at the 2010 Grammis Awards.

## Track listing

1. "Dubious" - 3:29
2. "Love Child" - 3:21
3. "Silly Lover" -3:48
4. "New York City" - 5:06
5. "Love Will Always Find a Way" - 4:06
6. "Run to You" (duet with Kim Wilde) - 3:29
7. "My Calendar" (featuring Björn Skifs) - 4:05
8. "Stuck on You" - 3:11
9. "I Think I Blew It Again" - 3:30
10. "Goodbye Sunshine" - 2:42

## InfoBox

| 1987 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Fibes, Oh Fibes! | |
| Released | 2009 |
| Genre | Blue-eyed soul, indietronica |
| Length | 36:48 |
| Label | Universal Music |
| Fibes, Oh Fibes! chronology | |
| *Emotional*
(2006) ***1987***
(2009) | |


abstract: The Men's 20 km race walk event at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics was held on August 6 in the streets of Helsinki with the start at 18:40h local time, and the goal line situated in the Helsinki Olympic Stadium. The winning margin was 61 seconds which as of 2024 remains the only time the men's 20 km walk was won by more than 45 seconds at these championships.

text:
# 2005 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 20 kilometres walk

The **Men's 20 km race walk** event at the **2005 World Championships in Athletics** was held on August 6 in the streets of Helsinki with the start at 18:40h local time, and the goal line situated in the Helsinki Olympic Stadium.

The winning margin was 61 seconds which as of 2024 remains the only time the men's 20 km walk was won by more than 45 seconds at these championships.

## Medalists

| **Gold** | Jefferson Pérez
*Ecuador (ECU)* |
| --- | --- |
| **Silver** | Paquillo Fernández
*Spain (ESP)* |
| **Bronze** | Juan Manuel Molina
*Spain (ESP)* |

## Abbreviations

* *All times shown are in hours:minutes:seconds*

| **DNS** | did not start |
| --- | --- |
| **NM** | no mark |
| **WR** | world record |
| **AR** | area record |
| **NR** | national record |
| **PB** | personal best |
| **SB** | season best |

## Records

| Standing records prior to the 2005 World Athletics Championships | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| World Record | Jefferson Pérez (ECU) | **1:17.21** | August 23, 2003 | Paris, France |
| Event Record | | | | |

## Startlist

## Intermediates

| Rank | Number | Athlete | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 5 KILOMETRES | | | |
| 1 | 227 | Paquillo Fernández (ESP) | **19:47** |
| 2 | 156 | Yu Chaohong (CHN) | **19:47** |
| 3 | 158 | Zhu Hongjun (CHN) | **19:47** |
| 4 | 832 | Vladimir Stankin (RUS) | **19:47** |
| 5 | 459 | Ivano Brugnetti (ITA) | **19:47** |
| 10 KILOMETRES | | | |
| 1 | 227 | Paquillo Fernández (ESP) | **39:31** |
| 2 | 459 | Ivano Brugnetti (ITA) | **39:32** |
| 3 | 158 | Zhu Hongjun (CHN) | **39:32** |
| 4 | 818 | Ilya Markov (RUS) | **39:32** |
| 5 | 210 | Jefferson Pérez (ECU) | **39:32** |
| 15 KILOMETRES | | | |
| 1 | 227 | Paquillo Fernández (ESP) | **59:10** |
| 2 | 210 | Jefferson Pérez (ECU) | **59:10** |
| 3 | 212 | Rolando Saquipay (ECU) | **59:22** |
| 4 | 240 | Juan Manuel Molina (ESP) | **59:23** |
| 5 | 158 | Zhu Hongjun (CHN) | **59:29** |

## Final ranking

| Rank | Athlete | Time | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Jefferson Pérez (ECU) | **1:18:35** | SB |
|  | Paquillo Fernández (ESP) | **1:19:36** |  |
|  | Juan Manuel Molina (ESP) | **1:19:44** | PB |
| 4 | André Höhne (GER) | **1:20:00** | PB |
| 5 | Hatem Ghoula (TUN) | **1:20:19** | SB |
| 6 | Vladimir Stankin (RUS) | **1:20:25** |  |
| 7 | Benjamin Kuciński (POL) | **1:20:34** |  |
| 8 | Eder Sánchez (MEX) | **1:20:45** |  |
| 9 | Zhu Hongjun (CHN) | **1:21:01** |  |
| 10 | Luke Adams (AUS) | **1:21:43** |  |
| 11 | Andriy Yurin (UKR) | **1:22:15** |  |
| 12 | Luis Fernando López (COL) | **1:22:28** |  |
| 13 | Erik Tysse (NOR) | **1:22:45** |  |
| 14 | Lorenzo Civallero (ITA) | **1:22:52** | SB |
| 15 | Sérgio Galdino (BRA) | **1:23:03** |  |
| 16 | Shin Il-Yong (KOR) | **1:23:10** |  |
| 17 | Aigars Fadejevs (LAT) | **1:23:12** |  |
| 18 | Jared Tallent (AUS) | **1:23:42** |  |
| 19 | Silviu Casandra (ROM) | **1:23:46** |  |
| 20 | Andrei Talashko (BLR) | **1:23:52** |  |
| 21 | Matej Tóth (SVK) | **1:23:55** |  |
| 22 | José Ignacio Díaz (ESP) | **1:24:00** |  |
| 23 | Takayuki Tanii (JPN) | **1:24:17** |  |
| 24 | Kamil Kalka (POL) | **1:25:02** |  |
| 25 | Akihiro Sugimoto (JPN) | **1:25:28** |  |
| 26 | Rafał Dyś (POL) | **1:26:35** |  |
| 27 | Edwin Centeno (PER) | **1:26:45** |  |
| 28 | Liu Yunfeng (CHN) | **1:26:54** |  |
| 29 | Koichiro Morioka (JPN) | **1:27:08** |  |
| 30 | John Nunn (USA) | **1:27:10** | SB |
| 31 | Timothy Seaman (USA) | **1:29:58** |  |
| 32 | Bengt Bengtsson (SWE) | **1:30:10** |  |
| DID NOT FINISH (DNF) | | | |
|  | Ivano Brugnetti (ITA) | **DNF** |  |
|  | Viktor Burayev (RUS) | **DNF** |  |
|  | João Vieira (POR) | **DNF** |  |
| DISQUALIFIED (DSQ) | | | |
|  | Ilya Markov (RUS) | **DSQ** |  |
|  | Bernardo Segura (MEX) | **DSQ** |  |
|  | Ivan Trotski (BLR) | **DSQ** |  |
|  | Yu Chaohong (CHN) | **DSQ** |  |
|  | Cristian Berdeja (MEX) | **DSQ** |  |
|  | Robert Heffernan (IRL) | **DSQ** |  |
|  | Walter Sandoval (ESA) | **DSQ** |  |
|  | Rolando Saquipay (ECU) | **DSQ** |  |


title: Assevent

abstract: Assevent is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

text:
# Assevent

**Assevent** (French pronunciation: \[asvɑ̃\]) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 924 |  |
| 1975 | 1,360 | +5.68% |
| 1982 | 1,599 | +2.34% |
| 1990 | 1,940 | +2.45% |
| 1999 | 1,875 | −0.38% |
| 2009 | 1,715 | −0.89% |
| 2014 | 1,859 | +1.63% |
| 2020 | 1,810 | −0.44% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## Heraldry

|  | The arms of Assevent are blazoned :
*Argent, a chevron between 3 trefoils sable.* (Assevent, Romeries and Saint-Rémy-Chaussée use the same arms.)

 |
| --- | --- |

## InfoBox

| Assevent | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| A general view of Assevent | |
|  | |
| Location of Assevent | |
| AsseventAssevent | |
| Coordinates: 50°17′19″N 4°00′57″E / 50.2886°N 4.0158°E / 50.2886; 4.0158 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Hauts-de-France |
| Department | Nord |
| Arrondissement | Avesnes-sur-Helpe |
| Canton | Maubeuge |
| Intercommunality | CA Maubeuge Val de Sambre |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Marjorie Mahieux |
| Area**1** | 1.87 km2 (0.72 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 1,796 |
| Density | 960/km2 (2,500/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 59021 /59600 |
| Elevation | 122–151 m (400–495 ft)
(avg. 135 m or 443 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: 2003 Charlotte mayoral election

abstract: The Charlotte mayoral election of 2003 was held on 4 November 2003 to elect a Mayor of Charlotte, North Carolina. It was won by Republican incumbent Pat McCrory, who won a fifth consecutive term by defeating Democratic nominee Craig Madans in the general election.

text:
# 2003 Charlotte mayoral election

The **Charlotte mayoral election of 2003** was held on 4 November 2003 to elect a Mayor of Charlotte, North Carolina. It was won by Republican incumbent Pat McCrory, who won a fifth consecutive term by defeating Democratic nominee Craig Madans in the general election.

## Primaries

### Democratic primary

2003 Charlotte mayoral election – Democratic primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | **Craig Madans** | 8,275 | 73.57 |  |
|  | Democratic | Leonard Harris | 2,279 | 20.26 |  |
|  | Democratic | Others | 694 | 6.63 |  |
| Turnout | | | 11,248 | 5.08 |  |

### Republican primary

2003 Charlotte mayoral election – Republican primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | **Pat McCrory** (incumbent) | 10,379 | 64.17 |  |
|  | Republican | Michael J. Castano | 4,913 | 30.38 |  |
|  | Republican | Edward J. Mulheren | 839 | 5.19 |  |
|  | Republican | Others | 43 | 0.27 |  |
| Turnout | | | 16,174 | 9.03 |  |

## General election

2003 Charlotte mayoral election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | **Pat McCrory** (incumbent) | 44,123 | 56.51 |  |
|  | Democratic | Craig Madans | 31,101 | 39.83 |  |
|  | Libertarian | Charlton L. Harvey | 1,546 | 1.98 |  |
|  | Other | Others | 1,309 | 1.68 |  |
| Turnout | | | 78,079 | 23.34 |  |

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

2003 Charlotte mayoral election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Pat McCrory** Craig Madans   Party Republican Democratic  Popular vote **44,123** 31,101  Percentage **56.51%** 39.83% | |
| ---  **Mayor before election**
Pat McCrory
Republican **Elected mayor**
Pat McCrory
Republican | |


title: Eprapah

abstract: Eprapah, the Charles S. Snow Scout Environment Training Centre, at Victoria Point, near Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, is a noted ecological area within Redland City. Owned and managed by the Scout Association of Australia, Queensland Branch, the 39 hectares is home to a variety of habitats along Eprapah Creek to its north. Its value is recognised as a declared environmental reserve by the local city council, and designated as a Scout Centre of Excellence for Nature and Environment (SCENES) site. It is possibly the only Scout campsite in the world devoted principally to environmental education. Located at the intersection of Colburn Avenue, and Cleveland-Redland Bay Road, Victoria Point, the property was named for the creek travelling through its bounds. The name Eprapah is believed to be a corrupted form of the Biblical word Ephratah or 'fruitful land'.

text:
# Eprapah

**Eprapah, the Charles S. Snow Scout Environment Training Centre**, at Victoria Point, near Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, is a noted ecological area within Redland City. Owned and managed by the Scout Association of Australia, Queensland Branch, the 39 hectares (96 acres) is home to a variety of habitats along Eprapah Creek to its north.

Its value is recognised as a declared environmental reserve by the local city council, and designated as a Scout Centre of Excellence for Nature and Environment (SCENES) site. It is possibly the only Scout campsite in the world devoted principally to environmental education.

Located at the intersection of Colburn Avenue, and Cleveland-Redland Bay Road, Victoria Point, the property was named for the creek travelling through its bounds. The name Eprapah is believed to be a corrupted form of the Biblical word *Ephratah* or 'fruitful land'.

## Environmental aspects

The area is one of several areas of preserving environmental importance in Redland City, including Venman Bushland National Park and the nearby Girl Guide-run Kindilan Outdoor Education and Conference Centre.

Additional to its Indigenous, European, and Scouting heritage, Eprapah is home to koalas, together with a variety of ecosystems (riparian, estuarine, rainforest). The site is bounded to the north by Eprapah Creek, and forms a wildlife corridor from Mount Cotton. It is estimated the area is frequented by 120 species of plants, 125 birds, 24 mammals, 50 fish and other aquatic animals, 21 reptiles, and at least 60 species of insects.

Eprapah and the creek have been subject to scientific research including hydrological surveys and koala tracking studies.

### Catchment areas

With the increase in urban density from agriculture to residential areas, Eprapah supports and complements the creek and area's ecological importance. Coast-side of the property is the Victoria Point Environmental Precinct, going to the edge of the Moreton Bay Marine Park.

To the east is the egret colony wetlands. Bounded by houses, the paperbark tea-tree-fringed lowlands are the avian home to egrets, magpie geese, osprey, whistling kites, all varieties of ibis. It is also the roosting area for a bat colony. Accessed from along Egret Drive, via Point O'Halloran Road, there are no established tracks for visitors. Redland City Council is the custodian of this rare site, and it is maintained by the community bushcare volunteers.

To the north-east, the Point Halloran Conservation Area is accessed from Orana Street, via Point O'Halloran Road. Purchased in 1990, and opened in 1995, with a car park, and raised wet weather shelter, there are two walking circuits, and was billed as a 'koala ecotourism sanctuary'. A raised boardwalk takes visitors through freshwater reed vegetation, towards Aspect Drive (parts of the boardwalk are closed for repair by March 2015). The second walk of 650 metres (710 yd) is signposted to explain the changing vegetations of swamp she-oak (*Casuarina* sp.) forest and mixed woodland, to the edge of mangrove tidal mudflats. The area is well populated with large arboreal termite mounds, reflecting the waterlogged soils.

A bushlands refuge also exists upstream of Eprapah, on a southern tributary of Eprapah Creek, on Elysian Street, Victoria Point. Further upstream is the Sandy Creek Conservation Area beside Double Jump Road, Mount Cotton.

### Geography

Eprapah is predominantly flat as it tends to the coastal edge of a water course that commences in the nearby weathered granitic outcrop of the 233 metres (764 ft) tall Mount Cotton. Soils are reflective of an area forming the creek entrance to a bay, including gleyed clays, alluvial deposits, and across the majority of the site, podsoiled loam.

Characterised by a short-lived freshwater flushing, and little or no dry season flow, the Eprapah Creek's estuarine zone to the north east is classified as wet and dry tropical/subtropical. A sewage treatment plant also discharges into the creek.

The development of the Victoria Point Shopping Centre area in the vicinity has greatly increased water run-off through the site. With roofs and bitumen-covered car parks, the non-porous surfaces has seen periods of rainfall turn the sedate riverlet to Eprapah Creek turn into a torrent, with an associated increase in jetsam.

Given the various ecosystems existing in a small area, surrounded by increasing pressures of urbanisation, results in Eprapah having great environmental interest and local value.

### Vegetation

With sandy ridges of low sclerophyll forest, there are also other vegetation types present of rainforest remnants, sheoak or *Casuarina* sp. forest stands, *Melaleuca* swamps, salt meadows, and mangrove stands. The site hosts one of the important food trees of the koala, Queensland's faunal emblem, is the blue gum (*Eucalyptus tereticornis*). Other species around include the scribbly gum (*Eucalyptus signata*).

The beautiful golden-flowering Eprapah wattle (*Acacia fimbriata* var *perangusta*) was previously considered to be a species in its own right, but is now considered to be an extreme form of another species, the Brisbane golden wattle or fringed wattle. It can be distinguished by the dimensions of the phyllodes, gland position, and the flower colour.

Certain patches of the site have had specific plantings where weeds have been removed. Representative of the local area, the site has battled overgrowths of non-native plant pests such as *Lantana camara* and groundsel (*Baccharis halimifolia*), as well as mosquitoes and ticks. The site committee has an eradication plan removing from site invaders such as Camphor laurel trees, Asparagus fern, and plants not native to the area. Much propagation of ornamental plant species is occurring through the birds having eaten the fruits from surrounding areas. There are some issues caused by illegal dumping on the property's peripheral.

### Fauna

The Eprapah link wildlife corridor from Mount Cotton along Eprapah Creek allows the relative unencumbered movement of fauna, and encouraging biodiversity within the Redlands. Established in 1990 in a joint venture between Scouts and the shire council, it also includes another Scout property, *Karingal*. Eprapah itself is home to koalas (*Phascolarctos cinereus*), bandicoots (*Isodon macrourus*), black-tailed swamp wallabies (*Wallabia bicolor*), grey kangaroos (*Macropus giganteus*), kookaburras, large arboreal termite mounds, and a sea eagle.

Koalas in eastern Australia are being classified as vulnerable and added to the threatened species list. Numbers have dropped by forty percent in Queensland and by a third in New South Wales over the past twenty years. Subject to increasing pressures brought about by urbanisation (such as roads, dogs) causing habitat fragmentation, overcrowding at Eprapah has seen a drop in the population due to loss of or over-eating of available food trees. They have also become susceptible to various diseases including chlamydia.

Habitat research has also occurred on the site over the years. For example, koalas have been captured, their health checked, and radio collars fitted.

The freshwater area is also home to the near-threatened tusked frog (*Adelotus brevis*). The only Australian frog where the male is larger than the female of the species, they have a distinctive 'tok-tok' clucking sound. Habitat encroachment, introduced fish, and a fatal skin disease fungus have contributed to their vulnerability.

The platypus (*Ornithorhynchus anatinus*) once resided in the creek pond near Cleveland-Redland Bay Road, but increased turbidity and lessening water quality has meant the animal has not been sighted for some years.

For migratory birds, the property is also within the East Asian–Australasian Flyway, and the Moreton Bay Ramsar wetlands. Within 1,000 metres (1,100 yd) east of Eprapah is an egret colony wetlands at Victoria Point.

The standing pond, supplied and flushed with rains, contains a variety of aquatic life include *Gambusia* fish and other species, whirligig beetles, backswimmers, dragonfly nymphs, and mayfly nymphs. The tidal part of Eprapah Creek of course is home to fish, molluscs, and crabs.

## Indigenous heritage

The home of the Quandamooka, Noonoccal, Koobenpul tribe and part of the Jagera/Yagera/Yugembeh language group people, Eprapah was part of their range from Redland Bay (*Talwarrapin*, or cotton wood tree that was endemic to the area) to the Brisbane River (*Mairwar*).

Victoria Point's Aboriginal name of *Warra Warra* possibly means mussels, while *Coochiemudlo* refers to the red rock that forms the small island.

A midden was discovered on-site but its location has since been lost.

Many plants at Eprapah were used by the Aboriginal people, including the red ash or soap tree (*Alphitonia excelsa*) as a poison, the edible and crunchy small fruit of the lillypilly (*Syzygium smithii*), black bean or Moreton Bay chestnut (*Castanospermum australe*) as a food source (after long treatment), and the paper bark (*Melaleuca* sp.) for carrying containers amongst other uses. A native food garden has been established at the south-west corner of the property, near the Mungara visitor centre.

## European presence

The area including Eprapah, prior to Queensland becoming its own colony in 1859, was used for stocking cattle. Victoria Point was named in the 1840s, surveyed in 1859, with 'Eprapah Creek' becoming a post office at Holzapfel's store in 1890. The Colburn family, giving their name to the road now acting as the southern border of the property, settled in the 1860s.

Mostly farmers, other activities in the area included timber-getting. Nearby Link Road served as the log rafting area, to be floated to the mills at Cleveland and Wellington Point. Sugar plantations, custard apples, grapes, passion fruit, pawpaws, pineapple, tomatoes, cabbages, cucumbers constituted some of the farming activities. The market gardens supplied the Sydney and Melbourne with fresh seasonal pineapples.

As the divide between the Tingalpa and Cleveland local government divisions, financial debates commenced in 1898 about the construction of a 600 feet (180 m) road bridge over Eprapah Creek. The bridge was later improved in 1924.

Eprapah continued to be used as a district name until about 1915. The 1930s continued to see Victoria Point as a popular holiday destination, with trips to Coochiemudlo Island. Farming and tourism continued as the main post-World War II activities, when in the 1970s, crop farming progressed to flower growing. Throughout this period, Eprapah remained intact as a bushland property.

## Scouting heritage

| Eprapah Scout environment training centre | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Australia |
|  | |
|

In April 1928, the property of Eprapah was purchased with money from the Bob Monteith Memorial Fund trust. Robert Henry Monteith (born 1892) was killed in action at the Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin, France, on 2 September 1918. His father was involved in the Scouting movement and the parents created the deed in trust remembering their son.

The thirty-nine hectare site hosts a separate local Scouting entity, the Victoria Point Scout Group. The current group was formed in 1969 and group operates from a former World War II military hut which originally served as a hospital at Greenslopes.

Additional to a warden's cottage and local Scout den, the three main structures are the sleeping shelter ('bunkhouse'), the 1974 Grey Owl activity shelter and associated 1976 Biolab study shelter, and the 1993 Mungara visitor museum. Mungara is a restored on-site hand-made brick whitewashed cottage, now fulfilling the functions of meeting room, educational facility, and site museum. The name itself is the local Indigenous word for the Queensland Blue Gum tree. The Grey Owl shelter was destroyed by fire in January 2019.

The former Westpac Bank of the 1982 Australian Scout Jamboree held at Collingwood Park, Queensland became the site's warden's cottage. It was the residence of several on-site caretakers. After falling into a state of disrepair, the building was demolished 1 July 2015.

Its present purpose is encompassed by aspects of the generally universal Scout Promise and Law,

* A Scout is a friend to animals (the Australian 6th of 10 laws; c. 1910-).
* A Scout cares for natural resources (the Australian 8th of 9 laws; 1973-)
* A Scout cares for the environment (the Australian 10th law, 1990s)

The Australian Scout Environment Charter sets out eight positions on how a scout can care for the environment, including: Taking part in activities and projects that encourage education *through* nature and the environment, learning *about* nature and the environment, and action *for* nature and the environment.

The Scouting movement's founder, Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, wrote many references to the importance of the environment and the education value of the environment:

* For those who have eyes to see and ears to hear, the forest is at once a laboratory, a club and a temple.
* As a Scout, you are the guardian of the woods. A Scout never damages a tree by hacking it with his knife or axe. It does not take long to fell a tree, but it takes many years to grow one, so a Scout cuts down a tree for a good reason only – not just for the sake of using his axe. For every tree felled, two should be planted.
* Travel and reading and Nature study are all part of self-education.
* By continually watching animals in their natural state one gets to like them too well to shoot them. The whole sport of hunting animals lies in the woodcraft of stalking them, not in the killing.

### 1928 to 1953

The centre was the State's leader training centre although youth member camping was permitted. Leader training was conducted in other locations in Queensland too, but Eprapah was the principal establishment.

The first training course was on 4 June 1928. Leaders would draw their rations from an area now known as the Beaver Shelter, and also marked by the stumps of the cook's table, and a dining seat area. Youth member activities included training patrol leaders for emergency responses, constructing bridges, rafting, Scouts' own (religious observance), and water fights.

Baden-Powell visited Queensland in May 1912, March 1931, and briefly in December 1934. It was on his second visit on 26 March 1931 that his shoe print was immortalised in concrete at Eprapah. A copy is now in place, with the original held at the Scout Museum at Baden-Powell Park, Samford, Queensland. The State's governor, Sir Leslie Orme Wilson, also visited the site as the Chief Scout of Queensland through the 1930s.

The first of the site's two totem poles, the 18 feet (5.5 m) pole and notice board, an owl was carved during a November 1931 training course, and at its foot, B.-P.'s boot print.

The chapel area was fenced off to stop wandering cattle. A large buttress stump was capped in concrete and the Scout badge with 'Old Scouts' set within (today, the concrete cap remains).

Various teams continued their improvements to the training ground, engaging in building construction and pioneering works. 'By 1933, '\[i\]n between times of clearing lantana and carrying out the preliminary surveys for the draining of swamps, the Rovers and Men Scouts \[of Brisbane\] have been busy on the erection of a gate of typically Scouty design at the entrance of their section of Eprapah. Above the lintel of the gate will be the figure of a crocodile, carved out of a log of wood. A forked end will represent the paws, in which pointed pegs will appear as fearsome teeth. A swishing branch will serve as a tail to the wooden 'monster'.'

An old scout hall was moved from Redland Bay to Eprapah in 1934.

In 1937, the campfire circle was accentuated by an eagle totem pole. Rover Scouts from Sandgate spent two years carving a life-sized eagle with a body was from local bloodwood, and wings of beech. The eagle, painted in bronze, stood 6 feet 4 inches (1.93 m) wide and 4 feet 9 inches (1.45 m) on top of a 19 feet (5.8 m) totem pole. Light from the fire reflected off the eagle.

Various Scouting personalities would later lend their names to various structures on the property, as well as to Scouting locations and events in Queensland, including:

* Charles Smethurt 'Chief' Snow (20 September 18827 June 1953(1953-06-07) (aged 70)). A watchmaker and jeweller, Snow became a scoutmaster with one of the first four Brisbane troops in 1908. He was elected the first chief scoutmaster for Queensland (today, 'chief commissioner'), and encouraged the purchase of Eprapah. His name is also attached to a Scout district in north Brisbane, and the leader training centre at Samford.
* Kenneth Alexander 'Kauri' Boyd (1905–1976 (aged 71)). The straight-standing Boyd was an optometrist, starting as a scoutmaster at Buranda continued to become an assistant international commissioner.
* Thomas 'Grey Owl' Gloster (1855 – 13 January 1941 (aged 86)). A Cleveland identity, Gloster was a soldier in the Royal Munster Fusiliers.
* John Victor 'Running Stag' Marquis-Kyle (1 May 1897 – 1981 (aged 83)). Marquis-Kyle's contributions to Eprapah included carving the poles for the Providore, and the owl totem pole.
* Louis Varsey 'Beaver' Masters (1885 – 15 May 1964 (aged 78)). A Scout district on the Sunshine Coast. Beaver Masters is interred at the then Sir Leslie Wilson campsite at Florence Bay, Magnetic Island, Townsville.
* James Alfred 'Nebo' Manderson (7 May 19019 August 1964(1964-08-09) (aged 63)). Manderson was a signwriter, Rotarian, Wolf Cub leader, and a known story-telling character.
* David Thain 'Kiwi' Weir (16 March 1889 – 1973 (aged 83)). With his trademark tobacco pipe, Weir rose to be the central Queensland region field commissioner, akela leader, and deputy camp chief (leader trainer roles). Since 1946, each Easter Scouts from Nambour to Bundaberg compete for the Kiwi Woggle (a huge animal's vertebra as the woggle on a standard Queensland scout scarf).

### 1954 to 1972

In late 1953, the Queensland Boy Scouts' Association purchased a camping property to be called Baden-Powell Park, on Cash Avenue, Samford. The Kulgun training ground was established for scout leaders. As a result, Gilwell training ceased at Eprapah, and items were transferred to B.-P. Park, such as the Eagle totem pole in 1955.

Apart from its hiatus as a regular scouting activity site, a big fire went through the property scarring many trees and destroying structures. Part of the west side of the property was probably resumed to road development as the Cleveland-Redland Bay Road was widened.

### 1973 to present

In 1973 the property was resurrected for conservation field studies by the Scouting organisation. This resulted in the rezoning of Eprapah in 1975 by the Redland Shire Council for special purposes.

Charles Smethurst Snow was the first chief commissioner of the League of Boy Scouts in Queensland, a primary instigator for the property purchase, a conservationist, and the scouting centre's name honours his memory.

Site management has varied post-1973, and several Scouting formations influence its care and direction:

* Branch commissioners. The leaders are responsible for Queensland-wide delivery of the Scouting programme in specific fields, in this instance, the environment. The inaugural BC was Dr Bernard Stone OAM (25 September 192617 April 2005(2005-04-17) (aged 78)), Branch Commissioner for Conservation (1973-), together with his wife Anne Beatrice (OAM). Stone was a scientist with the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), and Scouting's National Advisor on Environmental Education for almost twenty years. Anne (1928–2010) was the daughter of 'Chief' Snow;
* Friends of Eprapah;
* Eprapah Scout Fellowship (in 2005, the Friends of Eprapah Scout Fellowship); and
* State site committee.

The outline still exists of a wooden suspension bridge built by the Manatunga Rover Crew (from Morningside, Brisbane) and Australian Army Reserve. The bridge was opened on 4 June 1978.

Declared a Scout Centre of Excellence for Nature and Environment (SCENES) site prior to 1985, for a long time it was one of thirteen in the world, and the only one in the Southern Hemisphere.

The Scout Association hosted the September 1985 week-long live-in Asia/Pacific Environmental Conservation Seminar ('APECS 85') for 33 Scouting and Guiding delegates from many countries. Presenters included Dr Bernard Stone (CSIRO), Dr Graham Saunders (Director, Queensland National Parks and Wildlife Service), Dr Angela Arthington (School of Environmental Studies, Griffith University), and Dr Bob Johnson (Queensland Herbarium).

The Mungara building had an extension that was officially opened on 19 December 2001. Additionally, a historic 'small silver plate in memory of Jimmy Tabau, Darnley Island's first Australian Native Scouter, was formally returned to Mungara by Branch Heritage Coordinator Tom Roberts. This plate survived Eprapah bushfires in the early 1960s, later was resurrected from ash and displayed at Samford for 16 years.'

The 2011–2012 period saw the installation of a fauna exclusion fence, a 1.8 metres (5.9 ft) high fence with smooth metal sheeting at the top, along the property perimeter, to prevent wildlife from leaving the property and entering public roads and endangerment.

A heritage walk was opened in 2014, and signage marks the various historic Scouting features of Eprapah.

The Scout's State Environment Education Team regularly conducts field day or weekend programmes for members of the Scout and Guide movements. The curriculum is based around the World Scout Environment Programme (formerly the World Conservation Badge) and other scout merit badgework. The activities include examining various aspects of the site's many ecosystems, pond dipping, removal of stands of weeds and area regeneration through tree planting, and night-time spotlighting.

For both accessibility, and diversity exploration and appreciation, there are various tracks (generally identified by a colour) and board walks, including:

* Koala Glade, covering a riverlet riparian zone to open forest;
* Brown Trail, around the chapel area;
* Green Trail, following Eprapah Creek; and
* Blue Trail, from a riverlet riparian zone, along a raised boardwalk through the mangroves and salt marsh habitats.

Several trails have numbered posts for points of interest, corresponding to information in a visitation booklet. Near the corner of Colburn Avenue and Cleveland-Redland Bay Road, there are also two activity areas of interest:

* senses trail circuit, with plants of various textures; and
* native plants arboretum of wild foods, medicinal, and endangered plants (established 2001).

Facilities today include a Scout camping area and a pack holiday shelter with bunk accommodation for over fifteen persons. Various non-Scouting groups have hired the facilities including artists weekends.

The environmental reserve is maintained by members of the Scout Fellowship, persons undertaking community service as part of a judicial correction order, and other interested persons. Members of the community can join the fellowship, and also consider involvement in the site committee.

1. "Scout Centre of Excellence for Nature and Environment webpage". *International Scouting*. Archived from the original on 16 March 2015. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
2. Friends of Eprapah Scout Fellowship (1997). Stone, Anne (ed.). *Eprapah Visitors' booklet*. Friends of Eprapah Scout Fellowship. pp. iii. ISBN 0-646-31240-5.
3. Girl Guides Queensland. "Kindilan Outdoor Education and Conference Centre". Archived from the original on 27 February 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
4. Scout Association of Australia (Queensland Branch) (1976). *Eprapah Environmental Centre* (11x21 cm brochure). Queensland: prepared by the Wildlife Preservation Society of Queensland, and the Conservation Advisory Committee of the Scout Association.
5. Redland City Council. "Victoria Point Settlement to 2000". *Redland City Council*. Archived from the original on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
6. Trevethan, M.; Chanson, H.; Brown, R.J. (2006). *Two series of detailed turbulence measurements in a small subtropical estuarine system*. Brisbane, Brown, R.J.: Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Queensland. ISBN 1864998520. Archived from the original on 22 February 2008. Retrieved 1 March 2015. `{{cite book}}`: `|website=` ignored (help)
7. Chanson, H. (2003). *A hydraulic, environmental and ecological assessment of a sub-tropical stream in eastern Australia: Eprapah Creek, Victoria Point Qld on 4 April 2003*. Brisbane, Australia: Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Queensland. ISBN 1864997044. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2015. `{{cite book}}`: `|website=` ignored (help)
8. Redland City Council (Redlands IndigiScapes Centre) (2010). "Environmental weeds of the Redlands". *Environmental weeds of the Redlands*. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
9. Australian Broadcasting Company (30 April 2012). "Koalas added to threatened species list". *ABC Science*. Archived from the original on 12 September 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
10. Queensland Government (31 May 2015). "Queensland's koalas to be listed as vulnerable". *Ministerial statements*. Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
11. British Broadcasting Company (April 2013). "Koala chlamydia: The STD threatening an Australian icon". *BBC News*. Archived from the original on 1 April 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
12. Australian Broadcasting Company (October 2014). "Chlamydia breakthrough: Queensland scientists vaccinate koalas against deadly disease". *ABC News*. Archived from the original on 14 April 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
13. Scout Association of Australia (Queensland Branch). "Annual report 2010-2011". *Scouts Queensland annual reports*. p. 20. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
14. Hines, Harry; Meyer, Ed; Hero, Jean-Marc; Newell, David; Clarke, John. "Adelotus brevis". *The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.2*. IUCN. Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
15. Brisbane City Council (1 September 2010). "Tusked frog" (PDF). *Brisbane City Council*. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
16. Scout Association of Australia (Queensland Branch) (1984). *The trails and plants of* Eprapah (A5 booklet). Queensland: Charles S. Snow Environment Training Centre.
17. Redland City Council. "In the beginning, before settlement". *Redland City Council*. Archived from the original on 24 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
18. Macdonald, Gaynor (September 2009). "Boundaries of Turrbal-speaking territory:An anthropological assessment". Department of Anthropology, University of Sydney. Archived from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
19. Howells, Mary (2000). "Places of the Redlands: Victoria Point". *Redland City Council*. Queensland Australia: Redland Shire Council. Archived from the original on 24 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
20. "Passing of the pioneers. Mr. D. W. Colbourn". *The Brisbane Courier*. 15 June 1918. p. 12. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2015  via National Library of Australia.
21. "Rich spot. Fruit and vegetable farming. Victoria Point. Fine panorama of pineapples". *The Brisbane Courier*. 27 September 1930. p. 9. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2015  via National Library of Australia.
22. "Advertising". *The Brisbane Courier*. 30 October 1915. p. 8. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2015  via National Library of Australia.
23. "Country mails". *The Brisbane Courier*. 4 October 1898. p. 7. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2015  via National Library of Australia.
24. "Redland Bay". *The Brisbane Courier*. 14 August 1924. p. 5. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2015  via National Library of Australia.
25. "Their Good Deed". *The Telegraph*. Brisbane. 24 June 1924. p. 5 Edition: CITY EDITION. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2015  via National Library of Australia.
26. "Boy Secuts". *The Morning Bulletin*. Rockhampton, Qld. 6 August 1926. p. 13. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2015  via National Library of Australia.
27. "Scouting for boys". *The Queenslander*. 17 May 1928. p. 57. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2015  via National Library of Australia.
28. St Joseph's College (March 2012). "The Terracian, March 2012, Series 3, Vol. 3, No. 5" (PDF). *The Terracian*. Brisbane. p. 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
29. Victoria Point Scout Group. "Group history". *Victoria Point Scout Group*. Archived from the original on 28 February 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
30. Queensland National Parks and Wildlife Service (September 1983). *The Volunteer*. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
31. Scout Association of Australia (Queensland Branch). "Annual report 2013-2014". *Scouts Queensland annual reports*. p. 33. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
32. Scout Association of Australia. "Australian Scout environment charter". Archived from the original on 22 March 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
33. Baden-Powell, R. S. S. (1983). *Rovering to Success, A guide to young manhood* (Australian ed.). Scout Association of Australia. ISBN 0-909732-59-0.
34. Baden-Powell, R. S. S. (1963). Boy Scouts Association (ed.). *Scouting for boys* (Scouts' ed.). Great Britain: C. Arthur Pearson Ltd. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
35. "Lady Houston's Splendid Gift To Boy Scouts". *The Telegraph*. Brisbane. 15 February 1937. p. 11 Edition: City final last minute news. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2015  via National Library of Australia.
36. "Patrol leaders' camp". *The Telegraph*. Brisbane. 28 October 1935. p. 6 Edition: Late city cable news. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2015  via National Library of Australia.
37. "Lord and Lady Baden-Powell". *Townsville Daily Bulletin*. Qld. 30 March 1931. p. 7. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2015  via National Library of Australia.
38. "Cub masters in the making". *The Queenslander*. 19 November 1931. p. 22. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2015  via National Library of Australia.
39. "Carnival week for Scouts". *The Brisbane Courier*. 17 August 1933. p. 8. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2015  via National Library of Australia.
40. "Scouts finish two years' task". *The Courier-Mail*. Brisbane. 22 March 1937. p. 13. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2015  via National Library of Australia.
41. "Untitled". *The World's News*. Sydney. 26 May 1937. p. 33. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2015  via National Library of Australia.
42. *Snow, Charles Smethurst (1882–1953)*. Archived from the original on 29 June 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2015. `{{cite book}}`: `|website=` ignored (help)
43. "A Scout at 79". *The Brisbane Courier*. 29 December 1932. p. 13. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2015  via National Library of Australia.
44. "Obituary \[Thomas Gloster\]". *The Courier-Mail*. Brisbane. 18 January 1941. p. 7. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2015  via National Library of Australia.
45. "Scouts' camp". *The Courier-Mail*. Brisbane. 21 October 1953. p. 8. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2015  via National Library of Australia.
46. "Scout Notes. To greet Queen". *The Queensland Times* (Daily ed.). Ipswich, Queensland. 20 January 1954. p. 4. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2015  via National Library of Australia.
47. "Scout Notes. New camping ground". *The Queensland Times* (Daily ed.). Ipswich, Queensland. 21 October 1953. p. 7. Archived from the original on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2015  via National Library of Australia.
48. Scout Association of Australia (Queensland Branch). "Chronology". *Scouts Queensland*. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
49. Scout Association of Australia (Queensland Branch). "Annual report 2004-2005". *Scouts Queensland annual reports*. pp. 19–20. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
50. Scout Association of Australia (Queensland Branch). "Annual report 2007-2008". *Scouts Queensland annual reports*. pp. 24, 26. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
51. World Organization of the Scout Movement. "Eprapah". *Scout Centre of Excellence for Nature and Environment*. Archived site: World Scout Bureau Inc. Archived from the original on 7 July 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
52. Scout Association of Australia (Queensland Branch). "Annual report 2001-2002". *Scouts Queensland annual reports*. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
53. Scout Association of Australia (Queensland Branch). "Annual report 2010-2011". *Scouts Queensland annual reports*. p. 20. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
54. World Organization of the Scout Movement. "World Scout Environment Programme". Archived from the original on 15 April 2015. Retrieved 1 April 2015. The World Scout Environment Programme is a collection of tools, resources and initiatives to support the development of environment education in Scouting around the world.
55. Scout Association of Australia (Queensland Branch). "Campsites". *Scouts Queensland*. Archived from the original on 2 March 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
56. "Historic scout project at Victoria Point receives National Trust award". *Redland City Bulletin*. 8 September 2014. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2023.

## InfoBox

| Eprapah (environmental area)<br>Victoria Point, Queensland | |
| --- | --- |
| Eprapah (environmental area) | |
| Coordinates | 27°34′53″S 153°17′09″E / 27.58139°S 153.28583°E / -27.58139; 153.28583 |
| Established | 1928 |
| Postcode(s) | 4165 |
| Elevation | 10 m (33 ft) |
| Area | 0.39 km<sup>2</sup> (0.2 sq mi) |
| Time zone | AEST (UTC+10) |
| LGA(s) | Redland City |
| Region | South East Queensland |
| State electorate(s) | Redlands |
| Federal division(s) | Bowman |
| Website | Eprapah (environmental area) |


title: Fappiano

abstract: Fappiano was an American Thoroughbred racehorse whose most important win was the 1981 Metropolitan Handicap. When retired to stud, he became a major sire whose offspring included Kentucky Derby winner Unbridled. He was named for Joseph C. Nichols (1905–1984), a long-time sportswriter for The New York Times, who was born Giuseppe Carmine Fappiano.

text:
# Fappiano

**Fappiano** (May 19, 1977 – September 3, 1990) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse whose most important win was the 1981 Metropolitan Handicap. When retired to stud, he became a major sire whose offspring included Kentucky Derby winner Unbridled. He was named for Joseph C. Nichols (1905–1984), a long-time sportswriter for *The New York Times*, who was born Giuseppe Carmine Fappiano.

## Background

Fappiano was bred and raced by U.S. Racing Hall of Fame trainer John Nerud and trained by his son, Jan. Bred in Florida, he was from one of the first crops of Mr. Prospector, then based in Florida, and helped establish Mr. Prospector's reputation as one of North America's leading sires. Fappiano was out Killaloe, an allowance race-winning daughter of Hall of Fame inductee Dr. Fager. Killaloe also produced stakes winners Torrential (FR-G1), Portroe (US-G3), Jedina and Royal Troon. Nerud had also bred Dr. Fager and Fappiano's second dam, Grand Splendor, while managing Tartan Farms. The family traces to the highly influential broodmare, Plucky Liege.

## Racing career

At age two in 1979, Fappiano went undefeated in four starts. Among those wins was the Morven Stakes with future Hall of Fame jockey Angel Cordero Jr. aboard. Run on December 20, cold weather had frozen the track but in spite of the conditions Fappiano broke the Meadowlands track record for six furlongs with a time of 1:08 3/5. t. He went on to win several important races through 1980 and 1981, including the Grade I Metropolitan Handicap.

## At stud

While successful in racing, Fappiano is best known as a sire and a sire of sires. At the end of 1981, he was retired and syndicated for a reported $300,000 per share. He stood at stud at Tartan Farms near Ocala, Florida, where he remained until the summer of 1987. He was then moved to Lane's End Farm in Versailles, Kentucky. Though himself a sprinter, he became known as a source of class (the ability to carry speed over distance). He was designated an Intermediate/Classic chef-de-race.

Fappiano was the grandsire of two different horses that combined to win all three U.S. Triple Crown races in the same year when Real Quiet won the 1998 Kentucky Derby and Preakness Stakes, and Victory Gallop won the 1998 Belmont Stakes. Through Unbridled, Fappiano is the great-great-grandsire of 2015 Triple Crown winner American Pharoah.

In early September 1990, Fappiano was humanely euthanized when laminitis set in while he was recovering from a fractured leg.

Fappiano notably sired:

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Fappiano, bay horse, May 19, 1977
| Sire
Mr. Prospector
1970 | Raise a Native | Native Dancer | Polynesian |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Geisha |
| | Raise You | Case Ace |
| | Lady Glory |
| | Gold Digger | Nashua | Nasrullah |
| | | Segula |
| | Sequence | Count Fleet |
| | Miss Dogwood |
| Dam
Killaloe
1970 | Dr. Fager | Rough'n Tumble | Free For All |
| | | Roused |
| | Aspidistra | Better Self |
| | Tilly Rose |
| | Grand Splendor | Correlation | Free America |
| | | Braydore |
| | Cequillo | Princequillo |
| | Boldness (family 16-a) |

## InfoBox

| Fappiano | |
| --- | --- |
| Sire | Mr. Prospector |
| Grandsire | Raise a Native |
| Dam | Killaloe |
| Damsire | Dr. Fager |
| Sex | Stallion |
| Foaled | May 19, 1977 |
| Country | United States |
| Colour | Bay |
| Breeder | John A. Nerud |
| Owner | John A. Nerud |
| Trainer | Jan H. Nerud |
| Record | 17: 10–3–1 |
| Earnings | US$370,213 |
| Major wins | |
| Morven Stakes (1979)
Discovery Handicap (1980)
Metropolitan Handicap (1981)
Forego Handicap (1981) | |


title: Balików

abstract: Balików is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żychlin, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Żychlin, 22 km (14 mi) east of Kutno, and 53 km (33 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Balików

**Balików** \[baˈlikuf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żychlin, within Kutno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) east of Żychlin, 22 km (14 mi) east of Kutno, and 53 km (33 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

## InfoBox

| Balików | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Balików | |
| Coordinates: 52°14′13″N 19°41′13″E / 52.23694°N 19.68694°E / 52.23694; 19.68694 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Kutno |
| Gmina | Żychlin |
| Population | 100 |


title: European Air Racing Championship

abstract: The European Air Racing Championship is a handicapped air race arranged by the Royal Aero Club Records, Racing and Rally Association.

text:
# European Air Racing Championship

The **European Air Racing Championship** is a handicapped air race arranged by the Royal Aero Club Records, Racing and Rally Association.

## History

No sooner had aircraft developed to the stage that they would stay airborne for predictable amounts of time, than pilots had started to pit their skills and aircraft against each other both personally and on a national basis.

### Schneider Trophy

Whilst the Schneider Trophy is probably the epitome of air racing involving the most technically advanced aircraft, it soon became obvious that, with so many different types in development, there would have to be some form of handicapping of aircraft to level the playing field.

### King's Cup Race

The modern-day handicapped air race began in 1922 and was sponsored by King George V — called the King's Cup Race. In 1931 the rules were re-written to allow for what might be termed amateur pilots to compete and those same rules still apply today. The King’s Cup was the first and only air race to receive royal patronage.

### Records Racing and Rally Association

Whilst this was a British phenomenon, the handicapping concept has been used to stage races worldwide. Especially popular in the technologically superior Europe, it became known through the Royal Aero Club Records Racing and Rally Association. This organisation runs an annual programme of 14 to 18 races at seven to nine different venues, mainly in the UK but at least two or three in Europe.

### European Championship

In 2000, the organisation launched a European Championship aimed at attracting a wider audience of European competitors. This championship is run within the Royal Aero Club RRR’s normal season of races but the champion is the pilot/navigator combination that scores the highest number of aggregate points over 6 races held at 3 different venues. These venues have included the UK, France, Spain, the Channel Isles, Ireland and the Isle of Man.

## Winners

| Year | Pilot | Winning Aircraft |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | Geoffrey Boot | Beagle Pup |
| 2001 | Robert Miller | Slingsby T67 |
| 2002 | Robert Miller | Slingsby T67 |
| 2003 | Peter Earp | Beech Baron E58 |
| 2004 | John Kelsall | RV7 |
| 2005 | John Kelsall | RV7 |
| 2006 | Peter Earp | Beech Baron E58 |
| 2007 | Peter Earp | Beech Baron E58 |
| 2008 | Alistair Allan | SIAI Marchetti SF260 |
| 2009 | Craig Beevers | SIAI Marchetti SF260 |
| 2010 | Robert Callaway-Lewis | Auster |
| 2011 | Geoffrey Boot | SIAI Marchetti SF260 |
| 2012 | David Moorman | CAP10B |
| 2013 | Dan Pangbourne | Grumman AA-5B Tiger |
| 2014 | John Kelsall | RV7 |
| 2015 | Bob Ellis | RV8 |

1. "Championship Tables". Britishairracing.com. Retrieved 2013-06-13.


title: 2008–09 Vijay Hazare Trophy

abstract: The 2008–09 Vijay Hazare Trophy was the 16th edition of the Vijay Hazare Trophy, an annual List A cricket tournament in India. It was contested between 27 domestic cricket teams of India, starting in February and finishing in March 2009. In the final, Tamil Nadu beat Bengal by 66 runs to defend win their 3rd title.

text:
# 2008–09 Vijay Hazare Trophy

The **2008–09 Vijay Hazare Trophy** was the 16th edition of the Vijay Hazare Trophy, an annual List A cricket tournament in India. It was contested between 27 domestic cricket teams of India, starting in February and finishing in March 2009. In the final, Tamil Nadu beat Bengal by 66 runs to defend win their 3rd title.

## Final

* Tamil Nadu won the toss and elected to bat

## InfoBox

2008–09 Vijay Hazare Trophy
| Dates | 15 February – 9 March 2009 |
| --- | --- |
| Administrator(s) | BCCI |
| Cricket format | List A cricket |
| Tournament format(s) | Round-robin and Playoff format |
| Host(s) | Various |
| Champions | Tamil Nadu (3rd title) |
| Runners-up | Bengal |
| Participants | 27 |
| Matches | 69 |
| Most runs | Virat Kohli (534) (Delhi) |
| Most wickets | Shoaib Ahmed (21) (Hyderabad) |
|


title: 1987 (song)

abstract: 1987 is a song written by Uruguayan musician and producer Juan Campodónico, co-written and interpreted by Jorge Drexler. The song is part of the first studio album by Campo, a music collective founded and led by Juan Campodónico. It was recorded in 2011, and produced by Juan Campodónico and Gustavo Santaolalla. 1987 also features in a video directed by Matías Paparamborda and Martin Rivero, where Juan Campodónico is shown as an astronaut with space images, and playing instruments with Veronica Loza, Martin Rivero, and Jorge Drexler playing guitar. The song won the 1987 Graffiti Award for best video. It was nominated for the Latin Grammy Awards in the category of best alternative song in 2012, and for best song for the MTV Europe. The song is usually performed by Juan Campodónico in his live performances.

text:
# 1987 (song)

**1987** is a song written by Uruguayan musician and producer Juan Campodónico, co-written and interpreted by Jorge Drexler.

The song is part of the first studio album by Campo, a music collective founded and led by Juan Campodónico. It was recorded in 2011, and produced by Juan Campodónico and Gustavo Santaolalla (both members of the band Bajofondo).

1987 also features in a video directed by Matías Paparamborda and Martin Rivero, where Juan Campodónico is shown as an astronaut with space images, and playing instruments with Veronica Loza, Martin Rivero, and Jorge Drexler playing guitar.

The song won the 1987 Graffiti Award for best video. It was nominated for the Latin Grammy Awards in the category of best alternative song in 2012, and for best song for the MTV Europe. The song is usually performed by Juan Campodónico in his live performances.

## InfoBox

| "1987" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by Juan Campodónico featuring Jorge Drexler | |
| from the album  *Campo* | |
| Language | Spanish |
| Published | 2012 |
| Recorded | 2011 |
| Genre | Pop |
| Length | 2:59 |
| Label | Bizarro Records |
| Composer(s) | Juan Campodónico |
| Lyricist(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Juan Campodónico |


title: 1943 in rail transport

text:
# 1943 in rail transport

This article lists events related to rail transport that occurred in 1943.

## Events

### January events

### April events

### May events

### June events

### July events

### August events

### September events

### October events

### November events

### December events

* December 16 – Two Atlantic Coast Line passenger trains collide after a broken rail derails the first one, putting it in the path of the second. Seventy-one people are killed, most of them U.S. troops.
* The first troop sleepers enter service on U.S. railroads.

### Unknown date events

## Accidents

## Births

### September births

## Deaths

### February deaths

### June deaths

1. Tourret, R. (1976). *War Department Locomotives*. Allied Military Locomotives of the Second World War, Book 1. Abingdon: Tourret. ISBN 0-905878-00-0.
2. "Significant dates in Canadian railway history". *Colin Churcher's Railway Pages*. 2006-03-17. Archived from the original on 8 July 2006. Retrieved 2006-07-14.
3. Rivanna Chapter, National Railway Historical Society (2005). "This Month in Railroad History: August". Retrieved 2006-08-25.
4. Jones, Robert C. (1998). *Two Feet to the Quarries*. Evergreen Press. p. 105. ISBN 0-9667264-0-5.
5. Graham, Garfield. "State Street subway". *Chicago L*. chicago-l.org. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
6. Robert E. Mohowski (2003). *The New York Susuquehanna & Western Railroad*. The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-7222-7.


abstract: The 1955 Michigan State Normal Hurons football team represented Michigan State Normal College in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1955 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Fred Trosko, the Hurons compiled a 7–2 record, tied with Central Michigan for the IIAC championship, and outscored their opponents, 138 to 70. Barry C. Basel was the team captain. The team's statistical leaders included Tom McCormick with 461 rushing yards and the same number of yards of total offense and Virgil Windom with seven touchdowns for 42 points. Virgil Windom received the team's most valuable player award.

text:
# 1955 Michigan State Normal Hurons football team

1955 Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| Central Michigan \+ | 5 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 8 |  | 1 |  | 0 |
| Michigan State Normal \+ | 5 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 7 |  | 2 |  | 0 |
| Southern Illinois | 4 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |  | 4 |  | 2 |
| Western Illinois | 2 |  | 3 |  | 1 |  |  | 5 |  | 4 |  | 1 |
| Illinois State Normal | 2 |  | 3 |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  | 4 |  | 2 |
| Eastern Illinois | 1 |  | 5 |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
| Northern Illinois State | 0 |  | 5 |  | 1 |  |  | 0 |  | 8 |  | 1 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * \+  Conference co-champions | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1955 Michigan State Normal Hurons football team** represented Michigan State Normal College (renamed Eastern Michigan College in 1956) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1955 college football season. In their fourth season under head coach Fred Trosko, the Hurons compiled a 7–2 record (3–3 against IIAC opponents), tied with Central Michigan for the IIAC championship, and outscored their opponents, 138 to 70. Barry C. Basel was the team captain. The team's statistical leaders included Tom McCormick with 461 rushing yards and the same number of yards of total offense and Virgil Windom with seven touchdowns for 42 points. Virgil Windom received the team's most valuable player award.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 17 | Hope* |  | W 27–0 |  |  |
| September 24 | Hillsdale* | * Briggs Field * Ypsilanti, MI | L 6–20 |  |  |
| October 1 | at Baldwin-Wallace* | Cleveland, OH | W 20–0 |  |  |
| October 7 | at Western Illinois |  | W 6–2 |  |  |
| October 15 | Illinois State Normal | * Briggs Field * Ypsilanti, MI | W 25–6 |  |  |
| October 22 | Southern Illinois | * Briggs Field * Ypsilanti, MI | W 7–2 |  |  |
| October 29 | at Eastern Illinois |  | W 14–7 |  |  |
| November 5 | Central Michigan | * Briggs Field * Ypsilanti, MI (rivalry) | L 20–27 | 5,000 |  |
| November 12 | at Northern Illinois State |  | W 13–6 |  |  |
| * \*Non-conference game * Homecoming | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1955 Michigan State Normal Hurons football | |
| --- | --- |
| IIAC co-champion | |
| Conference | Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference |
| Record | 7–2 (5–1 IIAC) |
| Head coach |  |
| MVP | Virgil Windom |
| Captain | Barry C. Basel |
| Home stadium | Briggs Field |
|


title: Artifice

abstract: Artifice was a nonprofit literary magazine based in Chicago, Illinois, that existed between 2009 and 2017.

text:
# Artifice

***Artifice*** was a nonprofit literary magazine based in Chicago, Illinois, that existed between 2009 and 2017.

## History and profile

*Artifice* was started in 2009. It was co-founded by Rebekah Silverman, who served as Managing Editor, and James Tadd Adcox, who served as editor-in-chief. It was published biannually. Later Peter Jurmu became the editor-in-chief of the magazine replacing James Tadd Adcox in the post.

In 2011 *Artifice* was awarded a City of Chicago Community Arts Assistance Program (CAAP) Grant. In 2010, the magazine was awarded the Best Submission Guidelines by Philistine Press for the Artifice wishlist," which requests such submissions as "3 of the saddest sentences ever written," "1 geometrical proof," "2 fits, 2 starts," "4 labyrinths created using parentheses, footnotes, endnotes, etc," and "something that includes a Greek chorus."

*Artifice* was a division of Artifice Books, a small press. Artifice Books' first project, released in 2012, was "EXITS ARE," an e-book by Mike Meginnis (and many players), published in conjunction with Uncanny Valley. Later the magazine began to be published annually by Curbside Splendor Publishing. *Artifice* folded in 2017.

## InfoBox

*Artifice*
| Categories | Literary magazine |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2009 |
| Final issue | 2017 |
| Country | United States |
| Based in | Chicago |
| Language | English |
| OCLC | 464214803 |


title: 1990 NAIA Division II football season

abstract: The 1990 NAIA Division II football season, as part of the 1990 college football season in the United States and the 35th season of college football sponsored by the NAIA, was the 21st season of play of the NAIA division II for football. The season was played from August to November 1990 and culminated in the 1990 NAIA Division II Football National Championship, played in Omaha, Nebraska, near the campus of Peru State College. The Peru State Bobcats defeated two-time defending champion Westminster Titans in the championship game, 17–7, to win their first NAIA national title.

text:
# 1990 NAIA Division II football season

The **1990 NAIA Division II football season**, as part of the 1990 college football season in the United States and the 35th season of college football sponsored by the NAIA, was the 21st season of play of the NAIA division II for football.

The season was played from August to November 1990 and culminated in the **1990 NAIA Division II Football National Championship**, played in Omaha, Nebraska, near the campus of Peru State College.

The Peru State Bobcats defeated two-time defending champion Westminster Titans in the championship game, 17–7, to win their first NAIA national title.

## Conference standings

| 1990 Columbia Football Association standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  Mount Hood League  No. 23 Southern Oregon x  6   0   0   6   3   0  Lewis & Clark 4   1   1   5   3   1  Willamette 3   3   0   4   5   0  Eastern Oregon 3   3   0   3   6   0  Pacific (OR) 2   3   1   3   5   1  Oregon Tech 1   5   0   1   8   0  Western Oregon 1   5   0   1   8   0  Mount Rainier League  No. 1 Central Washington x^  6   0   0   11   1   0  No. 6 Pacific Lutheran ^  5   1   0   9   2   0  No. 18 Linfield 4   2   0   7   2   0  Whitworth 3   3   0   6   3   0  Puget Sound 1   5   0   4   5   0  Western Washington 1   5   0   3   6   0  Simon Fraser 1   5   0   2   8   0   * x – League champion/co-champions
^ – NAIA Division II playoff participant Rankings from NAIA Division II poll | 1990 Frontier Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  Carroll (MT) $  5   1   0   6   3   0  Western Montana 3   3   0   5   3   0  Montana Tech 3   3   0   4   5   0  Rocky Mountain 1   5   0   2   8   0   * $  Conference champion | 1990 Heart of America Athletic Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  No. 9 Baker +^  6   1   0   10   2   0  No. 20 William Jewell +^  6   1   0   8   3   0  No. 14 Missouri Valley 5   2   0   8   2   0  Graceland 4   3   0   6   4   0  Evangel 3   4   0   4   6   0  Culver–Stockton 2   5   0   2   8   0  MidAmerica Nazarene 1   6   0   2   8   0  Tarkio 1   6   0   1   8   0   * \+  Conference co-champions * ^ – NAIA Division II playoff participant Rankings from NAIA Division II poll |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1990 Illini–Badger–Hawkeye Football Conference standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  No. 10 Concordia (WI) $^  7   0   0   9   1   0  No. 13 Greenville ^  6   1   0   8   2   0  Iowa Wesleyan 5   2   0   7   5   0  MacMurray 4   3   0   5   5   0  Eureka 3   4   0   5   5   0  Lakeland 2   5   0   2   6   0  Concordia (IL) 1   6   0   2   7   0  Blackburn 0   7   0   1   8   0   * $  Conference champion * ^ – NAIA Division II playoff participant Rankings from NAIA Division II poll | 1990 Indiana Collegiate Athletic Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  DePauw $  7   0   0   8   2   0  Rose–Hulman 6   1   0   7   3   0  Hanover 4   3   0   6   4   0  Wabash 4   3   0   4   5   0  Anderson (IN) 3   4   0   3   7   0  Taylor 2   5   0   5   5   0  Franklin (IN) 2   5   0   4   6   0  Manchester 0   7   0   1   9   0   * $  Conference champion | 1990 Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  No. 11 St. Mary of the Plains +^  8   1   0   9   2   0  No. 17 Bethany (KS) +^  8   1   0   8   2   0  Friends 7   2   0   8   2   0  Southwestern (KS) 6   3   0   6   4   0  Kansas Wesleyan 5   4   0   6   4   0  Ottawa 5   4   0   5   5   0  Bethel (KS) 2   7   0   3   7   0  McPherson 2   7   0   3   7   0  Sterling 1   8   0   1   9   0  Tabor 1   8   0   1   9   0   * \+  Conference co-champions * ^ – NAIA Division II playoff participant Rankings from NAIA Division II poll |
| 1990 Mid-South Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  No. 8 Georgetown (KY) $^  5   0   0   9   2   0  No. 24 Cumberland (KY) 4   1   0   7   2   1  Campbellsville 3   2   0   8   2   0  Union (KY) 1   4   0   5   5   0  Evansville 1   4   0   3   7   0  Tennessee Wesleyan 1   4   0   3   7   0  Lambuth *  0   0   0   2   7   0  Cumberland (TN) *  0   0   0   0   8   0   * $  Conference champion * ^ – NAIA Division II playoff participant
* – ineligible for conference title Rankings from NAIA Division II poll | 1990 Nebraska Intercollegiate Athletic Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  No. 16 Nebraska Wesleyan \+  4   1   0   7   2   0  Midland \+  4   1   0   5   4   0  Hastings 3   2   0   3   6   0  Doane 2   3   0   3   7   0  Dana 1   3   1   3   6   1  Concordia (NE) 0   4   1   1   7   1   * $  Conference champion Rankings from NAIA Division II poll | 1990 North Dakota College Athletic Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  No. 21 Mayville State \+  4   1   0   8   1   0  No. 12 Dickinson State +^  4   1   0   9   2   0  Valley City State 3   2   0   6   3   0  Minot State 2   3   0   4   5   0  Mary 1   4   0   4   5   0  Jamestown 1   4   0   2   7   0   * \+  Conference co-champions * ^ – NAIA Division II playoff participant Rankings from NAIA Division II poll |
| 1990 South Dakota Intercollegiate Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  Black Hills State $  5   0   0   5   4   0  Sioux Falls 3   2   0   6   4   0  Dakota Wesleyan 3   2   0   4   6   0  Huron 3   2   0   3   7   0  Dakota State 1   4   0   4   5   0  South Dakota Tech 0   5   0   0   9   0   * $  Conference champion | 1990 Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  No. 2 Tarleton State $^  6   0   0   11   1   0  No. 15 Austin ^  4   2   0   8   3   0  Howard Payne 3   3   0   5   5   0  Midwestern State 3   3   0   3   7   0  Sul Ross 2   4   0   3   6   0  Hardin–Simmons 2   4   0   3   6   0  McMurry 1   5   0   1   9   0   * $  Conference champion * ^ – NAIA Division II playoff participant Rankings from NAIA Division II poll | 1990 Tri-State Athletic Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  No. 5 Peru State $^  3   0   0   12   0   1  Northwestern (IA) 2   1   0   5   5   0  No. 22 Westmar 1   2   0   8   2   0  Benedictine (KS) 0   3   0   4   6   0   * $  Conference champion * ^ – NAIA Division II playoff participant Rankings from NAIA Division II poll |
| 1990 Wisconsin State University Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  Wisconsin–Whitewater $^  8   0   0   10   1   0  No. 4 Wisconsin–La Crosse *  7   1   0   9   2   0  Wisconsin–Platteville 5   3   0   7   3   0  Wisconsin–Stevens Point 4   4   0   6   4   0  Wisconsin–River Falls 3   4   1   5   4   1  Wisconsin–Oshkosh 3   4   1   4   5   1  Wisconsin–Stout 3   5   0   4   6   0  Wisconsin–Eau Claire 1   7   0   2   8   0  Wisconsin–Superior 1   7   0   1   8   0   * $  Conference champion * ^  NCAA Division III playoff participant * * – NAIA Division II playoff participant Rankings from NAIA Division II poll | 1990 NAIA Division II independents football records Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  No. 3 Westminster (PA) ^           11   2   0  No. 7 Chadron State ^           9   2   0  No. 19 Findlay          7   2   1  Azusa Pacific          6   3   0  Lindenwood          6   4   0  Trinity (IL)          6   4   0  No. 25 St. Francis (IL)          5   4   0  Geneva          5   5   0  St. Ambrose          3   7   1  Tiffin          1   8   1  Mount St. Joseph          1   9   0  Oklahoma Panhandle State          1   9   0   * ^ – NAIA Division II playoff participant Rankings from NAIA Division II poll |

## Conference champions

| Conference | Champion | Record |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Columbia | **Mount Rainier League:** Central Washington
**Mount Hood League:** Southern Oregon | 6–0
6–0 |
| Frontier | Carroll (MT) | 5–1 |
| Heart of America | William Jewell
Baker (KS) | 6–1 |
| Kansas | Bethany
St. Mary of the Plains | 8–1 |
| Mid-South | Georgetown (KY) | 5–0 |
| Nebraska | Midland
Nebraska Wesleyan | 4–1 |
| North Dakota | Dickinson State
Mayville State | 4–1 |
| South Dakota | Black Hills State | 5–0 |
| Texas | Tarleton State | 6–0 |

## Rankings

Final NAIA Division II poll rankings:

| Rank | Team (first place votes) | Record (thru Nov. 11) | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Central Washington (18) | 9–0 | 474 |
| 2 | Tarleton State (1) | 9–0 | 448 |
| 3 | Westminster (PA) | 8–1 | 427 |
| 4 | Wisconsin–La Crosse | 9–1 | 411 |
| 5 | Peru State | 8–0–1 | 397 |
| 6 | Pacific Lutheran | 8–1 | 367 |
| 7 | Chadron State | 9–1 | 351 |
| 8 | Georgetown (KY) | 8–1 | 346 |
| 9 | Baker | 8–1 | 339 |
| 10 | Concordia (WI) | 9–0 | 283 |
| 11 | St. Mary of the Plains | 9–1 | 265 |
| 12 | Dickinson State | 8–1 | 242 |
| 13 | Greenville | 8–1 | 231 |
| 14 | Missouri Valley | 8–2 | 213 |
| 15 | Austin | 8–2 | 207 |
| 16 | Nebraska Wesleyan | 7–2 | 217 |
| 17 | Bethany (KS) | 8–1 | 179 |
| 18 | Linfield | 7–2 | 155 |
| 19 | Findlay | 7–2 | 141 |
| 20 | William Jewell | 7–2 | 130 |
| 21 | Mayville State | 8–1 | 114 |
| 22 | Westmar | 8–2 | 95 |
| 23 | Southern Oregon | 6–3 | 61 |
| 24 | Cumberland (KY) | 7–2 | 32 |
| 25 | St. Francis (IL) | 5–4 | 23 |
|

## Postseason

|  | **First Round**
*Campus sites* | | |  |  | **Quarterfinals**
*Campus sites* | | |  |  | **Semifinals**
*Campus sites* | | |  |  | **Championship**
Omaha, NE | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **Baker** | **55** |  |  | | | | |  | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | | | | | || |
|  |  | Bethany* | 7 |  | || |
|  | | | | |  |  | **Baker** | **56** |  | ||
|  | | | | | |  | | |  | ||
|  | |  |  |  | William Jewell\* | 29 |  || |
|  |  | | | | | | Austin | 23 |  | ||
|  | | | | |  | | | | | ||
|  | |  | **William Jewell*** (OT) | **26** |  || |
|  | | | | |  |  | Baker | 3 |  ||
|  | | | | | |  | | | | | | | |  | |
|  | |  |  |  | **Peru State** ‡‡ | **27** |  ||
|  |  | | | | | | Chadron State | 3 |  |  | | | | | |
|  | | | | | |  | | | | ||
|  | |  | **Dickinson State*** | **28** | |  ||
|  | | | | |  |  | Dickinson State\* | 34 |  ||
|  | | | | | |  | | |  ||
|  | |  |  |  | **Peru State** | **38** |  ||
|  | | | | | | |  | Wisconsin–La Crosse | 3 |  ||
|  | | | | |  | | | | ||
|  | |  | **Peru State*** | **24** |  ||
|  | | | | |  |  | **Peru State** | **17** |  |
|  | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  |
|  | |  |  |  | Westminster (PA) | 7 |  |
|  |  | | | | | | Greenville (IL) | 13 |  |  | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | | | | | |  | | | | | |
|  | |  | **Central Washington*** | **43** | |  ||
|  | | | | |  |  | **Central Washington** | **24** |  | |
|  | | | | | |  | | |  | |
|  | |  |  |  | Pacific Lutheran | 6 |  ||
|  | | | | | | |  | **Pacific Lutheran** | **37** | |  |
|  | | | | |  | | | | | |
|  | |  | Concordia (WI)* | 9 |  ||
|  | | | | |  |  | Central Washington | 17 |  |
|  | | | | | |  | | | | | | | |  |
|  | |  |  |  | **Westminster (PA)*** | **24** |  |
|  | | | | | | |  | St. Mary of the Plains | 14 |  |  | | | | |
|  | | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | |  | **Tarleton State*** | **24** | |  |
|  | | | | |  |  | Tarleton State\* | 17 |  |
|  | | | | | |  | | |  |
|  | |  |  |  | **Westminster (PA)** | **19** |  |
|  | | | | | | |  | Georgetown (KY) | 13 |  |
|  | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | |  | **Westminster (PA)*** | **47** |  |

## InfoBox

| 1990 NAIA Division II football season | |
| --- | --- |
| Regular season | August–November 1990 |
| Postseason | November–December 1990 |
| National Championship | Caniglia Field
Omaha, NE |
| Champions | Peru State |
|


title: Fake (Simply Red song)

abstract: "Fake" is a song written and recorded by British soft rock group Simply Red. It was released in July 2003 as the second single from the album, Home. It was the next single after their international smash hit "Sunrise". It reached number-one on the U.S. Billboard Hot Dance Club Play for the week of 14 February 2004.

text:
# Fake (Simply Red song)

"**Fake**" is a song written and recorded by British soft rock group Simply Red. It was released in July 2003 as the second single from the album, *Home*. It was the next single after their international smash hit "Sunrise". It reached number-one on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot Dance Club Play for the week of 14 February 2004.

## Track listings

CD single
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Fake" (Radio Mix) | 3:43 |
| 2. | "Fake" (Album Edit) | 3:15 |
| 3. | "Fake" (Love To Infinity Classic Radio Mix) | 4:37 |
| 4. | "Fake" (Love To Infinity Club Mix) | 7:00 |
| 5. | "Fake" (Phunk Investigation Radio Edit) | 3:02 |
| 6. | "Fake" (Phunk Investigation Exte-Club Mix) | 7:03 |
| 7. | "Fake" (Phunk Investigation In Elettrica Dub Mix) | 7:07 |

## Music video

The music video was filmed at a nightclub in Watford, England and was directed by Andy Morahan. It features Mick Hucknall walking around in the nightclub and talking to people who look like famous artists and celebrities. Among them are doubles of Eminem, Ozzy Osbourne, Naomi Campbell, Kylie Minogue, Diana Ross, Robert De Niro, Madonna, Britney Spears, Pamela Anderson, Cameron Diaz, Pierce Brosnan, Sean Connery, Halle Berry, Michael Jackson, Joan Collins, Cher, David Beckham and Victoria Beckham. Hucknall also meets his own double. It also features Hucknall in a library when the line "I read a book and it's your face" is said.

## Chart performance

## InfoBox

| "Fake" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Simply Red | |
| from the album  *Home* | |
| Released | 7 July 2003 (2003-07-07) |
| Genre | Dance-pop |
| Length | 3:58 |
| Label | Simplyred.com |
| Songwriter(s) | * Sara Brown * Chris de Margary * Mick Hucknall * Mark Jaimes * John Johnson * Dee Johnson * Ian Kirkham * Steve Lewinson * Kenji Suzuki * Gota Yashiki |
| Producer(s) | * Mick Hucknall * Stewart Levine |
| Simply Red singles chronology | |
| "Sunrise"
(2003) "**Fake**"
(2003) "You Make Me Feel Brand New"
(2003) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Simply Red - Fake (Official Video)" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: European Air War

abstract: European Air War is a combat flight simulator developed and published by MicroProse and published for Microsoft Windows in 1998. It is a sequel to 1942: The Pacific Air War. It simulates the Battle of Britain, and the Allied Air offensives in Western Europe during World War II in 1943–1945.

text:
# European Air War

***European Air War*** is a combat flight simulator developed and published by MicroProse and published for Microsoft Windows in 1998. It is a sequel to *1942: The Pacific Air War*. It simulates the Battle of Britain, and the Allied Air offensives in Western Europe during World War II in 1943–1945.

## Gameplay

*European Air War* has three modes: a Quick Start option, which allows immediate undefined play; a Single Mission option, which allows selection of aircraft and mission type, and a campaign mode called Pilot Career.

The Pilot Career mode, allows the user to take the role of a pilot in the RAF, Luftwaffe or USAAF and play in any of three time eras, the Battle of Britain in 1940, the Allied Air offensives in 1943, and the Air offensives before and after D-Day until the end of the war in 1944–45. During a Pilot Career player actions will directly affect the progress of the war, including delaying or bringing forward the invasion of Europe. Players may also rise up the ranks, starting as a non-commissioned officer to full officer commanding a fighter squadron (or *staffel*) and assuming responsibility for the men and machines under the player's command. As a squadron commander a player can select the rosters and weapons loadouts for use in missions, selecting between disposable fuel tanks, rockets, or bombs to assist in completing assigned missions.

The AI in *European Air War* is flexible, with several difficulty settings that can be altered by the user to ensure the game remains challenging for a long period of time. AI pilots within the player's squadron can be controlled by the user in Quick Start and Single Mission options, and gradually become available as the player receives promotions within their squadron in a Pilot Career.

## Reception

The game received favorable reviews according to the review aggregation website GameRankings.

The game won *Computer Games Strategy Plus*' 1998 "Simulation Game of the Year" award. The staff wrote that the game brought the fine balance of campaigns, flight modeling, graphics, and gameplay. It similarly won *Computer Gaming World*'s "Best Simulation" award, and the staff raved that it captured the feeling of being in a living, unpredictable combat environment better than any other WW2 flight sims. It also won "Best Simulation of the Year" at *IGN*'s Best of 1998 Awards, "Simulation of the Year" at *GameSpot*'s Best & Worst of 1998 Awards, and the Best Combat Flight Sim award at the 1998 *CNET Gamecenter* Awards.

The staff of *PC Gamer US* nominated the game as the best simulation of 1998, although it lost to *Falcon 4.0*. They wrote that the former was "easily the most engaging and authentic-feeling WWII sim" of that year.

## InfoBox

| European Air War | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | MicroProse |
| Publisher(s) | MicroProse |
| Producer(s) | Martin DeRiso |
| Designer(s) | Tsuyoshi Kawahito |
| Programmer(s) | Tsuyoshi Kawahito |
| Composer(s) | Roland J. Rizzo |
| Platform(s) | Windows |
| Release |  |
| Genre(s) | Air combat simulation |
| Mode(s) | Single-player, multiplayer |