title: Atlas Copco

abstract: Atlas Copco is a Swedish multinational industrial company that was founded in 1873. It manufactures industrial tools and equipment. The Atlas Copco Group is a global industrial group of companies headquartered in Nacka, Sweden. In 2019, global revenues totaled kr 104 billion, and by the end of that year, the company employed about 38,774 people. The firm's shares are listed on the Nasdaq Stockholm exchange and both 'A' and 'B' classes form part of the benchmark OMXS30 index. Atlas Copco companies develop, manufacture, service, and rent industrial tools, air compressors, construction and assembly systems. The Group operates in four areas: Compressor Technology, Vacuum Technology, Power Technology and Industrial Technology.

text:
# Atlas Copco

**Atlas Copco** (*Copco* from **Co**mpagnie **P**neumatique **Co**mmerciale) is a Swedish multinational industrial company that was founded in 1873. It manufactures industrial tools and equipment.

The Atlas Copco Group is a global industrial group of companies headquartered in Nacka, Sweden. In 2019, global revenues totaled kr 104 billion, and by the end of that year, the company employed about 38,774 people. The firm's shares are listed on the Nasdaq Stockholm exchange and both 'A' and 'B' classes form part of the benchmark OMXS30 index.

Atlas Copco companies develop, manufacture, service, and rent industrial tools, air compressors (of which it is the world's leading producer), construction and assembly systems. The Group operates in four areas: Compressor Technology, Vacuum Technology, Power Technology and Industrial Technology.

## History

### Early development

AB Atlas, as it was previously named, was founded by Edvard Fränckel, who was a Swedish industrialist, politician and senior official at the Swedish State Railways. The company was established along with Andre O. Wallenberg, Johan W. Arnberg, Carl G. Cervin and Fredrik Didro.

In its inauguration phase, Atlas dealt with the manufacturing, purchasing and selling of material for railway construction and operations. After the recession in the 1880s, Atlas diversified its products and branched off into locomotives, central heating and tool machinery. In 1899, Atlas began developing their first air compressors and established itself as a compressor manufacturer. As older production branches started phasing out, Atlas teamed up with Diesel Motors in 1917, and the new company, Atlas Diesel, emerged with two primary divisions: diesel engines and compressor air products.

### War-time development

The Atlas Diesel merger experienced significant growth during the First World War and towards the end of the war, the export was 40–50 % of production. The depression years caused significant losses for the company, which led to several financial reconstructions in the 1920s and 1930s.

During the Second World War, manufacturing capabilities were developed. The "Swedish method" influenced the firm's pneumatic program, consisting of lightweight rock drills and drill bits with carbide tips. In 1948, the company terminated its diesel manufacturing and the name "Atlas Diesel" was no longer pertinent. The name Atlas Copco became official in 1955 and was inspired by the Belgian subsidiary Compagnie Pneumatique Commerciale (Trading Pneumatic Company).

### Post-war international expansion

The acquisition of the Belgian compressor company Arpic Engineering in 1956, was the firm's first major international acquisition. Eventually, Arpic's plants carried out the majority of Atlas Copco's compressor production. In 1960, the company purchased Craelius. In the 1970s, a number of strategic acquisitions were made, including the French compressor manufacturer Mauguière. In order to strengthen their position in the United States, several strategic acquisitions were made in the airpower business, including the key purchase of Worthington Compressors.

They purchased Chicago Pneumatic Tools in 1987. In 1992, AEG Elektrowerkzeuge was purchased, and in 1995, Milwaukee Electric Tool was acquired. In 2004, Milwaukee Electric Tool was sold to a Hong Kong-based manufacturer, Techtronic Industries. In 1997, Atlas Copco purchased Prime Service Corporation, which was the largest machine leasing company in the United States. The North American Rental Service Corporation was purchased in 1999.

## Business areas

Since 2017, Atlas Copco has had four main business areas: Compressor Technique, Vacuum Technique, Industrial Technique and Power Technique.

### Compressor Technique

Atlas Copco's Compressor Technique area creates products such as industrial compressors, oil and gas treatment equipment, air management systems, and gas and process compressor and expanders. The products are mainly used in the manufacturing, oil, gas and process industries.

### Vacuum Technique

Atlas Copco's Vacuum Technique business area provides vacuum products, exhaust management systems, valves and related products mainly under the Edwards, Leybold and Atlas Copco brands. The main markets served are semiconductors, chemical processing industries, food packaging and paper handling. Principal product development and manufacturing units are located in the United Kingdom, Czech Republic, Germany, South Korea, the United States, China and Japan.

### Industrial Technique

Atlas Copco's products in Industrial Technique are mainly developed for the automotive and aerospace industries, but are also used in industrial manufacturing, maintenance and vehicle service. Products manufactured include assembly systems, industrial power tools, quality assurance products and various types of software.

### Power Technique

This area produces portable compressors, lighting towers, pumps, generators, paving equipment, compaction equipment, demolition tools and construction tools for infrastructure projects. These include civil works, road construction, gas and oil, and drilling construction projects.

## Operations

Atlas Copco manufactures critical equipment components in-house and cooperates with business partners for non-critical components. Approximately 75% of the production cost of equipment represents purchased components and around 25% are internally manufactured core components, assembly costs and overhead. Equipment represents less than 64% of revenues and the manufacturing of equipment is primarily based on customer orders. Only some standard, high-volume equipment is manufactured based on projected demand.

Atlas Copco has customer centres in about 71 countries and sales in about 180 countries. Sales and service are primarily direct but also channeled through alternative sales mechanisms, e.g. distributors. Sales of equipment are performed by engineers and service and maintenance are performed by technicians. Service is the responsibility of divisions in each business area. The responsibility includes the development of service products, sales and marketing, technical support, service delivery and follow-up. About 36% of revenues are generated from services (spare parts, maintenance, repairs, consumables, accessories and rental).

### Brands

The Atlas Copco Group has dozens of brands around the world, including Chicago Pneumatic for compressors and tools, Edwards for vacuums, BeaconMedeas for medical gas and SCA & Henrob for automotive assembly.

Notable brands include:

### Structure

Atlas Copco's operations are organized into four business areas and more than 20 divisions. The organization has both operating units and legal units. Each operating unit has a business board. The duty of a business board is to serve as an advisory and decision-making body on strategic operational issues. It also ensures the implementation of controls and assessments. Each legal company has a legal board focusing on compliance and the legal structure of the group.

In 2018, Atlas Copco decided on a split and formed Epiroc AB which will focus on customers in the mining, infrastructure and natural resources segments. Epiroc is a fully independent company.

### Innovation

Atlas Copco conducts research and development in a wide range of technologies at their global research centres, where each division has its own individual area of focus and resources. Training and workshops have been rolled out in customer centres and product companies globally. The company puts its focus on growth in automation to bring more production back to the US and Europe. In 2020, Atlas Copco acquired Isra Vision in February and Perceptron in September to automate more. In March 2022, Atlas Copco acquired the assets of Ceres Technologies, an US-based manufacturer and designer of gas and vapour delivery equipment for the semiconductor industry.

## InfoBox

Atlas Copco Group
|
|  |
|
| Company type | Aktiebolag |
| Traded as | Nasdaq Stockholm: ATCO A, ATCO B |
| ISIN |  |
| Industry | Industrial equipment |
| Founded | 1873 (1873) |
| Founder | Edvard Fränckel |
| Headquarters | Nacka (Stockholm County), Sweden |
| Key people | Hans Stråberg
(Chairman),
Vagner Rego
(President and CEO) |
| Products | Compressors, vacuum technique, generators, construction, industrial tools and assembly systems |
| Revenue | SEK 99.787 Billion (*Fiscal Year Ended 31 December 2020*) |
| Operating income | SEK 19.428 Billion (*Fiscal Year Ended 31 December 2020*) |
| Net income | SEK 14.779 Billion (*Fiscal Year Ended 31 December 2020*) |
| Total assets | SEK 111.722 Billion (*Fiscal Year Ended 31 December 2020*) |
| Total equity | SEK 53.290 Billion (*Fiscal Year Ended 31 December 2020*) |
| Number of employees | ≈53,000 (2023) |
| Subsidiaries | Atlas Copco,
Chicago Pneumatic,
Desoutter,
Edwards,
Henrob,
BeaconMedaes,
Quincy Compressor,
SCA, Nano-Purification Solutions
Leybold |
| Website | www.atlascopcogroup.com |
| **Footnotes / references**
 | |


title: Auburn–Florida football rivalry

abstract: The Auburn–Florida football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Auburn Tigers football team of Auburn University and Florida Gators football team of the University of Florida which was first played in 1912. The schools have been members of the same athletic conference for over a century and were founding members of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) when it was established in 1933. The contest was an annual tradition from 1945 until 2002, when the SEC expanded and the rivalry became part of a rotation of other conference games. Since then, the teams have met only four times. The rivalry has been closely contested, both as a series and in individual games, with thirty-three of the contests decided by a touchdown or less, including two ties. And though both the Gators and Tigers have each enjoyed occasional win streaks over the years, the overall tally is close, with Auburn holding a 43–39–2 edge as of the most recent meeting in 2019. It has also seen many upsets, particularly by Auburn. Lower ranked Tiger squads have beaten top-10 Gator teams on seven occasions over the course of the rivalry, including twice when Florida was ranked #1.

text:
# Auburn–Florida football rivalry

300km
200miles Gainesville  AuburnLocations of Auburn and Florida

The **Auburn–Florida football rivalry** is an American college football rivalry between the Auburn Tigers football team of Auburn University and Florida Gators football team of the University of Florida which was first played in 1912. The schools have been members of the same athletic conference for over a century and were founding members of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) when it was established in 1933. The contest was an annual tradition from 1945 until 2002, when the SEC expanded and the rivalry became part of a rotation of other conference games. Since then, the teams have met only four times.

The rivalry has been closely contested, both as a series and in individual games, with thirty-three of the contests decided by a touchdown or less, including two ties. And though both the Gators and Tigers have each enjoyed occasional win streaks over the years, the overall tally is close, with Auburn holding a 43–39–2 edge as of the most recent meeting in 2019. It has also seen many upsets, particularly by Auburn. Lower ranked Tiger squads have beaten top-10 Gator teams on seven occasions over the course of the rivalry, including twice when Florida was ranked #1.

## Series history

While the early part of the series saw Auburn and Florida trade 6-game and 5-game winning streaks respectively, the rivalry has evolved into one of the mostly evenly matched and hardest fought in the Southeastern Conference. The games have often had SEC title and national championship implications. As described by *Gainesville Sun* sports columnist Pat Dooley following the 2007 game, "Florida-Auburn delivered another game that made one side ecstatic and one side heartbroken. That's what it does."

The first game in the series was played between coach Mike Donahue's Tigers and coach George E. Pyle's Gators in 1912, on the Auburn, Alabama campus of what was then called Alabama Polytechnic Institute. The Auburn Tigers won the first six games played by the two teams from 1912 to 1917, dominating the Florida Gators by two or more touchdowns in five of the six games. When the series resumed in 1927, the Florida Gators were experiencing revived success under coaches Harold Sebring and Charlie Bachman, and it was the Gators' turn for a streak, winning seven of the next eight. Beginning in 1935, the fortunes of the Gators and Tigers reversed again, with the Tigers compiling a 7–2–1 record in the next ten games played through 1947.

The Auburn–Florida game has not always been played on the universities' respective campuses in Auburn, Alabama and Gainesville, Florida. In the early years of the series, six games were played in Fairfield Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida, five matches at the Cramton Bowl in Montgomery, Alabama, and one each in Miami, Florida; Columbus, Georgia; Tampa, Florida; and Mobile, Alabama. Starting in 1950, every regular game has been played at either Jordan–Hare Stadium (previously known as Auburn Stadium and Cliff Hare Stadium) in Auburn, or Ben Hill Griffin Stadium (also known as Florida Field) in Gainesville. For the only time in the series history, the Gators and Tigers met for a second time during the same season in the 2000 SEC Championship Game held at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, Georgia with Florida following up their regular season victory with a second one to claim the conference championship.

With the construction of Auburn Stadium in 1939, the Tigers started a remarkable 32-year streak on the Tigers' home field during which they would tie the Gators once and defeat them twelve consecutive times. The Gators broke the Tigers' home-field winning streak in a hard-fought upset in 1973.

From 1945 to 2002, the Florida Gators and Auburn Tigers played 58 consecutive annual games; The Gators and Tigers have played 82 games in the past 99 years, and the current all-time series record is forty-two victories for the Tigers, thirty-eight for the Gators, and two ties. The Tigers hold a 21–7–1 edge in games played in their current stadium; the Gators have a 22–9 advantage in games played on their present field.

## Game results

| Auburn victories | Florida victories | Tie games |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Notable games

Most great rivalries are marked by frequent close games, unexpected upsets, and memorable moments; the evenly matched Auburn–Florida rivalry has provided many. Thirty-three of the eighty-two games in the series have been decided by seven points or fewer. Among SEC rivalries, the Auburn–Florida series (43–39–2) is the third-most evenly matched after the Georgia-Auburn series (64–56–8) and the Florida–Tennessee series (32–21). Auburn has won two national football championships, and seven SEC championships; Florida has won three national championships, and eight SEC championships. In terms of all-time winning percentage, less than half a percentage point separates the Tigers (.634) and the Gators (.631). Several of the most notable games in the 99-year history of the rivalry are described below.

### 1939: Auburn's new stadium

In the first varsity football game played at the Tigers' new Auburn Stadium, coach Josh Cody's 1939 Gators and coach Jack Meagher's Tigers played to a 7–7 tie. In the second quarter, Florida fullback Charlie Tate scored the only touchdown of the day for the Gators, then kicked the extra point; Tigers back Dick McGowen threw a touchdown pass to end Babe McGehee to tie the game in the fourth quarter. The meeting ended in controversy when an official miscommunicated the amount of time remaining in the game to Auburn quarterback Lloyd Cheatham, who was under the impression the Tigers had two minutes (rather than two seconds) left to score; at the time, Auburn had the ball on Florida's two-yard line. After the 1939 dedication of Auburn Stadium, the Gators would not win (or tie) a game on the Auburn campus for another thirty-four years.

### 1957: First meeting of ranked teams

When coach Bob Woodruff's nineteenth-ranked 1957 Florida Gators and coach Shug Jordan's Auburn Tigers met in Cliff Hare Stadium in Auburn, it was the first game between the rivals in which both teams were ranked in the top twenty of the AP Poll. Woodruff's Gators featured their usual strong defense, but the Tigers defense was even better and held the Gators scoreless in their 13–0 victory. At the end of the season, the Gators finished in the top twenty of the final AP Poll for only the second time in their history, as the Tigers earned the 1957 AP Poll national championship.

### 1958: Baseball score?

Coach Bob Woodruff's Gators and coach Shug Jordan's Tigers played nine games against each other between 1951 and 1959, only three of which were decided by more than ten points. However, none was closer than the game between the unranked 1958 Florida Gators and the defending national champions and fourth-ranked Auburn Tigers, a game in which neither team scored more than six points. Late in the fourth quarter, with the Tigers leading 6–3 on the strength of a single touchdown and a missed extra point, the stingy Gators defense pinned the Tigers offense behind their own three-yard-line. Rather than risk a turnover, Jordan ordered Tigers quarterback Johnny Kern to kneel in their own end zone, intentionally scoring a safety for the Gators, but earning a free punt for the Tigers. The Tigers kicked it away, and their defense held on to win 6–5.

### 1962: Florida upsets No. 10 Auburn

Auburn came to Gainesville ranked #10 in the AP Poll and 5–0 on the season to face the struggling Gators, who entered the contest at 3–3. However, the Tigers ran into an ambush as the underdog Gators intercepted two passes, and recovered three fumbles en route to a 22–3 win.

### 1966: Heisman Trophy field goal

Coach Ray Graves' 1966 Florida Gators and coach Shug Jordan's Auburn Tigers repeatedly traded the lead as they battled back and forth all day. In the fourth quarter with the game tied at 27, Gators quarterback Steve Spurrier was engineering a late drive for the win, but was stopped at Auburn's 39-yard-line following an intentional grounding penalty. The distance was outside the usual range of the Gators regular placekicker, but Spurrier had kicked 40-yard field goals in practice. With 2:12 left in the game, he kicked the 40-yard field goal to give the Gators a 30–27 lead, and the Gators defense held on to win. He completed twenty-seven passes on forty attempts for 259 yards, one touchdown pass and no interceptions, and also rushed for a touchdown. Another Gators standout, tailback Larry Smith, finished the day with 102 rushing yards and a touchdown on twenty-two carries, including a 53-yard run. At the conclusion of the 1966 season, Spurrier was awarded the Heisman Trophy.

### 1973: Breaking the Auburn jinx

Led by first-time starting quarterback Don Gaffney, the 1973 Gators finally broke the Tigers; home-field winning streak after thirty-four years. Gators linebacker Ralph Ortega tackled Tigers tailback Chris Linderman inside the Gators' five yard-line and forced a fumble shortly before halftime. Gators linebacker Sammy Green forced a critical fumble by Auburn Tigers tailback Sullivan Walker, which led to a touchdown and the Gators' margin of victory in a 12–8 upset of the Tigers at home to give the Gators their first-ever win at Jordan–Hare Stadium. Auburn scored its only points in the final play of the game. After the game, Gators players carried head coach Doug Dickey from the field, and Gators athletic director Ray Graves described the victory as "one of the greatest moments in University of Florida football history."

### 1976: 'Attack' of the War Eagle

Coach Doug Dickey's 1976 Gators and coach Doug Barfield's Tigers played a strong defensive game, with the Gators' winning margin coming on two pass plays—with some help from Auburn's mascot. The decisive score came late in the game when Gators quarterback Jimmy Fisher tossed a short pass to wide receiver Wes Chandler, who caught it, reversed direction twice, and weaved his way through the entire Auburn defense for a 64-yard touchdown reception and run. After Chandler ran out of the end zone, Auburn's War Eagle, Tiger, jumped off its perch to avoid a collision, her talons grazing Chandler's shoulder pads, an encounter Chandler later described as an attack. For decades, a coincidental 15-yard penalty assessed on the ensuing kickoff against Auburn for a late hit on Chandler has been mistakenly reported as an infraction stemming from interference by a mascot. Florida won 24–19.

### 1982: Gainey wins for Gators

Auburn led 17–13 with 2:51 remaining in the game. Jim Gainey's field goal cut it to one, and after an onside kick, Gainey added another for the win.

### 1985: Bo knows defense

Coach Galen Hall's second-ranked 1985 Florida Gators were on NCAA probation when they met coach Pat Dye's sixth-ranked Auburn Tigers at Jordan−Hare Stadium. Tigers tailback Bo Jackson started the game as the leading contender to win the Heisman Trophy. But Jackson's Heisman hopes took a serious blow when he ran into a ferocious Gators defense that held him to just forty-seven yards rushing, and the Gators stuffed the Tigers 14–10 in yet another defensive struggle. On the strength of the win over the Tigers, the Gators vaulted into the No. 1 spot in the AP Poll for the first time in school history. Notwithstanding the Tigers' loss to the Gators, Jackson won the Heisman at the conclusion of the 1985 season.

### 1986: Bell leads fourth-quarter comeback

For most of the game, coach Pat Dye's fifth-ranked 1986 Auburn Tigers dominated coach Galen Hall's unranked Florida Gators at Florida Field. The Tigers defense was stifling, and forced Gators substitute quarterback Rodney Brewer to commit four turnovers in the first two quarters. Hall replaced Brewer with starting quarterback Kerwin Bell, who had missed two games with a knee injury. Tigers tailback Brent Fullwood gained 166 yards on the ground, including a second-quarter touchdown, to give Auburn a 17–0 lead early in the fourth quarter. Bell then led the Gators on two scoring drives, with Gators placekicker Robert McGinty—a transfer from Auburn—booting a 51-yard field goal to close the Tigers' advantage to 17–10 with 7:10 to play. After Webbie Burnett recovered a fumble at the Florida 34 with 1:41 remaining in the game, Bell directed one final drive that was capped by a five-yard touchdown pass with 0:36 remaining to wide receiver Ricky Nattiel, who was playing with a separated shoulder. The limping Bell then surprised the Tigers defense by running in the two-point conversion and completing the comeback, with the Gators winning 18–17.

### 1990: Spurrier's offense makes a statement

Coach Pat Dye's 1990 Auburn Tigers were the defending three-time SEC champions, had built an undefeated 6–0–1 record, and were ranked fourth in the nation in the AP Poll. Notwithstanding the fact that first-year coach Steve Spurrier's fifteenth-ranked Florida Gators were three-point favorites, Dye had been publicly dismissive of Spurrier's pass-oriented offense before the game. The Gators and Tigers were tied 7–7 after the first quarter, but Spurrier's Gators exploded for twenty-seven points in the second quarter, resulting in a 34–7 halftime lead and a 48–7 victory for the Gators, which was the Gators' biggest margin of victory in the series, and the worst loss of Dye's career.

### 1993: Auburn upsets No. 4 Florida

On a cold, drizzling, dreary day in Auburn, coach Steve Spurrier's fourth-ranked 1993 Gators amassed 560 yards of total offense, including 386 yards passing by quarterback Danny Wuerffel and 196 yards rushing by tailback Errict Rhett. But the Gators' offensive fireworks were not enough for the win, as Auburn's defense sacked Wuerffel four times and made two key interceptions. The two teams were tied at 35 with 1:21 left in the game, when Tigers placekicker Scott Etheridge booted a 41-yard field to beat the Gators, 38–35.

### 1994: Auburn upsets No. 1 Florida

Coach Terry Bowden's sixth-ranked 1994 Auburn Tigers entered the Swamp as 17-point underdogs to coach Steve Spurrier's top-ranked Florida Gators, but, just like the year before, the Tigers offense kept pace with the Gators as its defense forced key turnovers by the Gators. The Gators' starting quarterback, Terry Dean, threw four interceptions in the first half, and was replaced by Danny Wuerffel, who threw three touchdown passes but was intercepted by Tigers defensive back Brian Robinson with 1:20 left. Tigers quarterback Patrick Nix engineered a quick drive, and threw an eight-yard touchdown pass to Frank Sanders, winning the game for Auburn, 36–33.

### 2001: Auburn upsets No. 1 Florida again

Coach Tommy Tuberville's unranked 2001 Auburn Tigers were 21-point underdogs when they met coach Steve Spurrier's No. 1 Florida Gators at Jordan–Hare Stadium. Gators quarterback Rex Grossman completed twenty-five of forty-two passes for 364 yards and two touchdowns, but also threw four interceptions. The Gators dominated statistically, but the Tigers' bend-but-don't-break defense held the Gators rushing game to negative yardage. Tigers back-up quarterback Daniel Cobb was not so flashy, but played mistake-free football, and the game was tied at 20 late in the fourth quarter. With 10 seconds left, Tigers placekicker Damon Duval nailed a 44-yard field goal and the Tigers upset the top-ranked Gators 23–20.

### 2002: Not in our house

First-year coach Ron Zook led his unranked Florida Gators against coach Tommy Tuberville's Auburn Tigers in Gainesville. Rex Grossman quarterbacked the Gators to a pair of early scores, and Florida led 23–7. The Tigers' starting tailback, Carnell Williams, left the game with a broken leg, but backup Ronnie Brown amassed 162 yards and three touchdowns, as the Tigers came roaring back to tie the score at 23 in the fourth quarter. With one final chance to win the game in regulation, Tigers placekicker Damon Duval lined up for the game-winning kick as he had in 2001, but Gators defensive end Bobby McCray blocked the kick as time expired. In overtime, Grossman threw a 25-yard touchdown pass to receiver Taylor Jacobs, the Gators defense held the Tigers on downs, and Florida won 30–23.

### 2007: Auburn upsets No. 4 Florida again

Coach Urban Meyer's fourth-ranked 2007 Florida Gators played host to coach Tommy Tuberville's unranked Auburn Tigers. Tigers quarterback Brandon Cox led the Tigers to an early 17–3 lead, but Gators quarterback (and eventual Heisman Trophy winner) Tim Tebow and all-purpose back and receiver Percy Harvin led a comeback to tie it at 17. The Tigers had one chance to win in regulation, as kicker Wes Byrum attempted a potentially game winning 45-yard field goal with four seconds left and nailed it. But Meyer had called a timeout at the last possible moment to ice the kicker before the snap had taken place. So, after the timeout, Byrum had to try it again. After successfully making the field goal again as time expired to upset Florida 20–17, he taunted the Florida head coach and crowd with a few mock Gator chomps.

## Bibliography

* *2009 Southern Conference Football Media Guide*, Year-by-Year Standings, Southern Conference, Spartanburg, South Carolina, pp. 74–77(2009).
* *2010 Southeastern Conference Football Media Guide*, Southeastern Conference, Birmingham, Alabama, p. 60 (2010).
* *2011 Auburn Tigers Football Media Guide Archived November 11, 2012, at the Wayback Machine*, Auburn University Athletic Department, Auburn, Alabama, pp. 178–189, 191 (2011).
* *2011 Florida Gators Football Media Guide*, University Athletic Association, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 116–125 (2011).
* Carlson, Norm, *University of Florida Football Vault: The History of the Florida Gators*, Whitman Publishing, LLC, Atlanta, Georgia (2007). ISBN 0-7948-2298-3.
* Golenbock, Peter, *Go Gators! An Oral History of Florida's Pursuit of Gridiron Glory*, Legends Publishing, LLC, St. Petersburg, Florida (2002). ISBN 0-9650782-1-3.
* Hairston, Jack, *Tales from the Gator Swamp: A Collection of the Greatest Gator Stories Ever Told*, Sports Publishing, LLC, Champaign, Illinois (2002). ISBN 1-58261-514-4.
* Housel, David, *Auburn University Football Vault: The Story of the Auburn Tigers, 1892–2007*, Whitman Publishing, LLC, Atlanta, Georgia (2007). ISBN 978-0-7948-2350-4.
* McCarthy, Kevin M., *Fightin' Gators: A History of University of Florida Football*, Arcadia Publishing, Mount Pleasant, South Carolina (2000). ISBN 978-0-7385-0559-6.
* McEwen, Tom, *The Gators: A Story of Florida Football*, The Strode Publishers, Huntsville, Alabama (1974). ISBN 0-87397-025-X.
* Nash, Noel, ed., *The Gainesville Sun Presents The Greatest Moments in Florida Gators Football*, Sports Publishing, Inc., Champaign, Illinois (1998). ISBN 1-57167-196-X.
* Proctor, Samuel, & Wright Langley, *Gator History: A Pictorial History of the University of Florida*, South Star Publishing Company, Gainesville, Florida (1986). ISBN 0-938637-00-2.
* Saylor, Roger, "Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association Archived 2011-05-23 at the Wayback Machine," College Football Historical Society, The LA84 Foundation (1993).

## InfoBox

Auburn–Florida football rivalry
| Auburn Tigers   Florida Gators | |
| --- | --- |
| First meeting | October 12, 1912
Auburn, 27–13 |
| Latest meeting | October 5, 2019
Florida, 24–13 |
| Next meeting | TBD |
| Statistics | |
| Meetings total | 84 |
| All-time series | Auburn leads, 43–39–2 |
| Largest victory | Auburn, 68–0 (1917) |
| Longest win streak | Florida, 7 (1995–2000) |
| Current win streak | Florida, 1 (2019–present) |


title: Avon, North Carolina

abstract: Avon is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Dare County in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 832.

text:
# Avon, North Carolina

**Avon** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Dare County in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 832.

## Geography

Avon is located on the North Carolina Outer Banks at latitude 35°21'7" North, longitude 75°30'39" West. The village is south of Salvo and north of Buxton on Hatteras Island. The United States Postal Service has assigned Avon the ZIP Code 27915.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Avon CDP has a total area of 2.41 square miles (6.24 km2), of which 2.36 square miles (6.10 km2) is land and 0.05 square miles (0.14 km2), or 2.27%, is water. Avon is bordered to the east by the Atlantic Ocean and to the west by Pamlico Sound.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 832 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

### 2020 census

Avon racial composition
| Race | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 761 | 91.47% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 7 | 0.84% |
| Asian | 6 | 0.72% |
| Pacific Islander | 1 | 0.12% |
| Other/Mixed | 24 | 2.88% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 33 | 3.97% |

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 832 people, 328 households, and 83 families residing in the CDP.

## History

Historically named "Kinnakeet", the village was renamed "Avon" by the U.S. Postal Service when a post office was established there in 1883. The U.S. Life-Saving Service constructed the Little Kinnakeet Life Saving Station in 1874, remaining active, under the Coast Guard from 1915, until decommissioned in 1954. The building is now part of the Cape Hatteras National Seashore.

## Government

The residents of Avon are governed by the Dare County Board of Commissioners. Avon is part of District 4, along with Buxton, Frisco, Hatteras, Rodanthe, Waves and Salvo.

## Climate

According to the Trewartha climate classification system, Avon, North Carolina has a humid subtropical climate with hot and humid summers, cool winters and year-around precipitation (*Cfak*). Cfak climates are characterized by all months having an average mean temperature \> 32.0 °F (\> 0.0 °C), at least eight months with an average mean temperature ≥ 50.0 °F (≥ 10.0 °C), at least one month with an average mean temperature ≥ 71.6 °F (≥ 22.0 °C) and no significant precipitation difference between seasons. During the summer months in Avon, a cooling afternoon sea breeze is present on most days, but episodes of extreme heat and humidity can occur with heat index values ≥ 100 °F (≥ 38 °C). Avon is prone to hurricane strikes, particularly during the Atlantic hurricane season which extends from June 1 through November 30, sharply peaking from late August through September. During the winter months, episodes of cold and wind can occur with wind chill values \< 15 °F (\< -9 °C). The plant hardiness zone in Avon is 8b with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of 18.5 °F (-7.5 °C). The average seasonal (Dec-Mar) snowfall total is \< 2 inches (\< 5 cm), and the average annual peak in nor'easter activity is in February.

| Climate data for Avon, NC (1981-2010 Averages) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 52.8
(11.6) | 54.3
(12.4) | 59.1
(15.1) | 66.5
(19.2) | 73.5
(23.1) | 80.7
(27.1) | 84.3
(29.1) | 84.0
(28.9) | 80.2
(26.8) | 72.3
(22.4) | 64.5
(18.1) | 56.7
(13.7) | 69.1
(20.6) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 46.0
(7.8) | 47.4
(8.6) | 52.2
(11.2) | 59.9
(15.5) | 67.4
(19.7) | 75.4
(24.1) | 79.3
(26.3) | 78.9
(26.1) | 75.0
(23.9) | 66.6
(19.2) | 58.3
(14.6) | 50.1
(10.1) | 63.1
(17.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 39.2
(4.0) | 40.5
(4.7) | 45.3
(7.4) | 53.2
(11.8) | 61.3
(16.3) | 70.1
(21.2) | 74.3
(23.5) | 73.8
(23.2) | 69.9
(21.1) | 60.9
(16.1) | 52.2
(11.2) | 43.5
(6.4) | 57.1
(13.9) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 5.00
(127) | 3.85
(98) | 4.53
(115) | 3.72
(94) | 3.65
(93) | 4.03
(102) | 4.94
(125) | 6.65
(169) | 6.13
(156) | 4.93
(125) | 4.64
(118) | 4.09
(104) | 56.16
(1,426) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 71.5 | 71.1 | 69.7 | 70.3 | 73.4 | 77.0 | 79.2 | 77.3 | 75.2 | 71.5 | 73.0 | 71.7 | 73.4 |
| Average dew point °F (°C) | 37.3
(2.9) | 38.5
(3.6) | 42.6
(5.9) | 50.2
(10.1) | 58.6
(14.8) | 67.7
(19.8) | 72.3
(22.4) | 71.2
(21.8) | 66.6
(19.2) | 57.1
(13.9) | 49.7
(9.8) | 41.3
(5.2) | 54.5
(12.5) |
| Source: PRISM | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

| Climate data for Cape Hatteras, NC Ocean Water Temperature (11 S Avon) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 49
(9) | 46
(8) | 52
(11) | 59
(15) | 68
(20) | 74
(23) | 78
(26) | 80
(27) | 77
(25) | 70
(21) | 58
(14) | 55
(13) | 64
(18) |
| Source: NOAA | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Ecology

According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. potential natural vegetation types, Avon, North Carolina would have a dominant vegetation type of Live oak/Sea Oats Uniola paniculata (*90*) with a dominant vegetation form of Coastal Prairie (*20*).

## Education

Residents are zoned to Dare County Schools. Zoned schools are Cape Hatteras Elementary School and Cape Hatteras Secondary School.

## InfoBox

| Avon, North Carolina | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| Sunset over the northern outskirts of Avon | |
| Location in Dare County and the state of North Carolina | |
| Coordinates: 35°21′7″N 75°30′39″W / 35.35194°N 75.51083°W / 35.35194; -75.51083 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | North Carolina |
| County | Dare |
| Named for | River Avon |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.36 sq mi (6.11 km2) |
| Land | 2.27 sq mi (5.88 km2) |
| Water | 0.09 sq mi (0.23 km2) |
| Elevation | 20 ft (6 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 832 |
| Density | 366.36/sq mi (141.46/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 27915 |
| Area code | 252 |
| FIPS code | 37-02780 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1018881 |


title: 1991 Chevrolet Classic

abstract: The 1991 Chevrolet Classic was a men's tennis tournament held in Guarujá in Brazil and played on outdoor hardcourt. It was part of the World Series category of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and took place from 4 February through 11 February 1991. Unseeded Patrick Baur won the singles title.

text:
# 1991 Chevrolet Classic

The **1991 Chevrolet Classic** was a men's tennis tournament held in Guarujá in Brazil and played on outdoor hardcourt. It was part of the World Series category of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the sixth edition of the tournament and took place from 4 February through 11 February 1991. Unseeded Patrick Baur won the singles title.

## Finals

### Singles

Patrick Baur defeated  Fernando Roese 6–2, 6–3

* It was Baur's 1st singles title of his career.

### Doubles

Olivier Delaître /  Rodolphe Gilbert defeated  Shelby Cannon /  Greg Van Emburgh 6–2, 6–4

* It was Delaître's 1st title of the year and the 1st of his career. It was Gilbert's only title of the year and the 1st of his career.

## InfoBox

| 1991 Chevrolet Classic | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 4–11 February |
| Edition | 6th |
| Category | ATP World Series |
| Draw | 32S / 16D |
| Surface | Hard / outdoor |
| Location | Guarujá, Brazil |
| Venue | Hotel Jequitimar |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Patrick Baur | |
| Doubles | |
| Olivier Delaître /  Rodolphe Gilbert | |
|  | |


title: Eoophyla chrysoxantha

abstract: Eoophyla chrysoxantha is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1917. It is found in New Guinea.

text:
# Eoophyla chrysoxantha

***Eoophyla chrysoxantha*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1917. It is found in New Guinea.

## InfoBox

| *Eoophyla chrysoxantha* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Eoophyla* |
| Species: | ***E. chrysoxantha*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eoophyla chrysoxantha***<br>(Hampson, 1917) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Aulacodes chrysoxantha* Hampson, 1917 | |


title: 2014 Grand Prix de Dottignies

abstract: The 2014 Grand Prix de Dottignies was the 13th edition of a one-day women's cycle race held in Dottignies, Belgium on 7 April 2014. The tour has an UCI rating of 1.2.

text:
# 2014 Grand Prix de Dottignies

The **2014 Grand Prix de Dottignies** was the 13th edition of a one-day women's cycle race held in Dottignies, Belgium on 7 April 2014. The tour has an UCI rating of 1.2.

## Results

| Rider Team Time  1  Giorgia Bronzini (ITA) Wiggle–Honda  3h 25' 12"   2  Shelley Olds (USA) Alé–Cipollini s.t.  3  Lucy Garner (GBR) Team Giant–Shimano s.t.  4  Elena Cecchini (ITA) Estado de México–Faren Kuota s.t.  5  Roxane Fournier (FRA) Vienne Futuroscope s.t.  6  Aude Biannic (FRA) Lointek s.t.  7  Maaike Polspoel (BEL) Team Giant–Shimano s.t.  8  Nina Kessler (NED) Boels–Dolmans s.t.  9  Mia Radotić (CRO) BTC City Ljubljana s.t.  10  Annalisa Cucinotta (ITA) Servetto Footon s.t. |
| --- |

## InfoBox

2014 Grand Prix de Dottignies
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 7 April 2014 |
| Stages | 1 |
| Distance | 131.26 km (81.56 mi) |
| Winning time | 3h 25' 12" |
| Results | |
| Winner  Giorgia Bronzini (ITA)  (Wiggle–Honda)  Second  Shelley Olds (USA)  (Alé–Cipollini)  Third  Lucy Garner (GBR)  (Team Giant–Shimano) | |
|


title: 2010 Belmont Stakes

abstract:
The 2010 Belmont Stakes was the 142nd running of the Belmont Stakes. The race took place on June 5, 2010, and was won by Drosselmeyer, who was ridden by jockey Mike Smith and trained by Bill Mott. It was televised in the United States on the ABC television network. As the final jewel in the United States Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing, the race was run without the elusive championship at stake due to 2010 Kentucky Derby winner Super Saver's loss in the Preakness Stakes. Both the Kentucky Derby and Preakness winners did not run in the race. Uptowncharlybrown finished fifth, but was disqualified and placed last due to losing the eight pound handicapping weight on the backstretch.
  - $1 Exacta (7–5): $144.50
  - $1 Trifecta (7–5–11): $766.00
  - $1 Superfecta (7–5–11–8): $10,658.00

text:
# 2010 Belmont Stakes

The **2010 Belmont Stakes** was the 142nd running of the Belmont Stakes. The race took place on June 5, 2010, and was won by Drosselmeyer, who was ridden by jockey Mike Smith and trained by Bill Mott. It was televised in the United States on the ABC television network.

As the final jewel in the United States Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing, the race was run without the elusive championship at stake due to 2010 Kentucky Derby winner Super Saver's loss in the Preakness Stakes. Both the Kentucky Derby and Preakness winners did not run in the race. Uptowncharlybrown finished fifth, but was disqualified and placed last due to losing the eight pound handicapping weight on the backstretch.

Field
| Finish | Post | Horse name | Trainer | Jockey | Opening Odds |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 7 | Drosselmeyer | Bill Mott | Mike E. Smith | 12-1 |
| 2 | 5 | Fly Down | Nick Zito | John Velazquez | 9-2 |
| 3 | 11 | First Dude | Dale Romans | Ramon Dominguez | 7-2 |
| 4 | 8 | Game On Dude | Bob Baffert | Martin Garcia | 10-1 |
| 5 | 10 | Stay Put | Steve Margolis | Jamie Theriot | 20-1 |
| 6 | 12 | Interactif | Todd Pletcher | Javier Castellano | 12-1 |
| 7 | 9 | Stately Victor | Mike Maker | Alan Garcia | 15-1 |
| 8 | 6 | Ice Box | Nick Zito | Jose Lezcano | 3-1 |
| 9 | 4 | Make Music For Me | Alexis Barba | Joel Rosario | 10-1 |
| 10 | 1 | Dave in Dixie | John Sadler | Calvin Borel | 20-1 |
| 11 | 2 | Spangled Star | Rick Dutrow | Garrett Gomez | 30-1 |
| D | 3 | Uptowncharlybrown | Kiaran McLaughlin | Rajiv Maragh | 10-1 |

Payout in $2 prices
| Post | Horse | Win | Place | Show |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7 | Drosselmeyer | 28.00 | $11.60 | $7.70 |
| 5 | Fly Down |  | $6.80 | $5.10 |
| 11 | First Dude |  |  | $4.90 |

## InfoBox

142nd Belmont Stakes
| Belmont Stakes | |
| --- | --- |
| **"The Test of the Champion"** | |
| Location | Belmont Park<br>Elmont, New York, U.S. |
| Date | June 5, 2010 |
| Distance | 1+12 mi (12 furlongs; 2,414 m) |
| Winning horse | Drosselmeyer |
| Winning time | 2:31.57 |
| Final odds | 13.00 (to 1) |
| Jockey | Mike E. Smith |
| Trainer | William I. Mott |
| Owner | WinStar Farm LLC |
| Conditions | Fast |
| Surface | Dirt |
|  | |


title: 2018 FIFA World Cup Group F

text:
# 2018 FIFA World Cup Group F

Group F of the 2018 FIFA World Cup took place from 17 to 27 June 2018. The group consisted of defending champions Germany, Mexico, Sweden, and South Korea. Sweden and Mexico were the top two teams that advanced to the round of 16.

The surprise elimination of Germany marked the first time since 1938 that they did not advance beyond the first round, specifically the group stage which was first introduced in 1950. The early German exit was "greeted with shock in newspapers around the world".

## Teams

| Draw position | Team | Pot | Confederation | Method of
qualification | Date of
qualification | Finals
appearance | Last
appearance | Previous best
performance | FIFA Rankings | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | | | | | October 2017 | June 2018 |
| F1 | Germany | 1 | UEFA | UEFA Group C winners | 5 October 2017 | 19th | 2014 (champions) | **Winners** (1954, 1974, 1990, 2014) | 1 | 1 |
| F2 | Mexico | 2 | CONCACAF | CONCACAF fifth round winners | 1 September 2017 | 16th | 2014 (round of 16) | Quarter-finals (1970, 1986) | 16 | 15 |
| F3 | Sweden | 3 | UEFA | UEFA second round winners | 13 November 2017 | 12th | 2006 (round of 16) | Runners-up (1958) | 25 | 24 |
| F4 | South Korea | 4 | AFC | AFC third round Group A runners-up | 5 September 2017 | 10th | 2014 (group stage) | Fourth place (2002) | 62 | 57 |

Notes

## Standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Sweden | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2 | +3 | 6 | Advance to knockout stage |
| 2 | Mexico | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | | 6 |
| 3 | South Korea | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 3 |  |
| 4 | Germany | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | | 3 |

Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Group stage tiebreakers

In the round of 16:

## Matches

All times listed are local time.

### Germany vs Mexico

The two teams had faced each other 11 times, including three FIFA World Cup games all of which were German victories: 6–0 in 1978 (first group stage), 2–1 in 1998 (round of 16), but a 1986 quarter-final game being the most significant, which ended with a German penalty shoot-out victory.

Timo Werner fired a warning shot across the face of Guillermo Ochoa's goal during the first minutes of the match. Héctor Moreno headed straight at Manuel Neuer from their clearest opening. Javier Hernández's one-two with Andrés Guardado allowed him to spin away from Mats Hummels just inside the Germany half and feed Hirving Lozano down the left. Lozano then cut inside the resistance offered by the back-tracking Mesut Özil to crash a low right foot shot inside Neuer's right post. However, two minutes later, Toni Kroos's free-kick arrowed towards the top corner. Ochoa denied the midfielder's shot, pushing the ball against the crossbar. Near the end Joshua Kimmich and Werner came close to scoring, but their attempts were unsuccessful. Julian Brandt had one final chance to equalize in the 89th minute, but he hit the post from outside the box.

This defeat represented the first time that Germany had lost the opening game in defence of their trophy. They beat Argentina 3–1 in 1958, drew 0–0 with Poland in 1978, and defeated Bolivia 1–0 in 1994. Germany lost their opening match at a World Cup for only the second time, having done so in 1982, against Algeria. This is the third consecutive World Cup in which the reigning champion has failed to win their opening match – Italy drew 1–1 with Paraguay in 2010, while Spain lost 5–1 against the Netherlands in 2014; and also the fourth champions failed to win their opening match, as France lost 0–1 to Senegal at the 2002 FIFA World Cup (all of whom had been knocked out at the group stage). Germany had 26 shots, the most by a side without scoring in a World Cup fixture since 2006 (Portugal v England, 29 shots in a 0–0 draw). Conversely, Mexico beat Germany for only the second time – their last win against them came in a friendly in June 1985. However, Mexico's victory over Germany marked the first time a team from the CONCACAF region defeated Germany in the World Cup. Additionally, Mexico became the first team from the Americas to defeat Germany at a World Cup in almost 16 years – the last time Germany lost to either a North- or South-American team was at the 2002 final against Brazil. Rafael Márquez featured in his fifth World Cup finals, becoming just the third player to achieve this feat – along with Mexico's Antonio Carbajal and Germany's Lothar Matthäus.

| Germany | 0–1 | Mexico |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | * Lozano  35' |

Luzhniki Stadium, MoscowAttendance: 78,011Referee: Alireza Faghani (Iran)

| GK **1** Manuel Neuer ()  RB **18** Joshua Kimmich  CB **17** Jérôme Boateng  CB **5** Mats Hummels  84'  LB **2** Marvin Plattenhardt   79'  CM **8** Toni Kroos  CM **6** Sami Khedira   60'  RW **13** Thomas Müller  83'  AM **10** Mesut Özil  LW **7** Julian Draxler  CF **9** Timo Werner   86'  **Substitutions:**  FW **11** Marco Reus   60'  FW **23** Mario Gómez   79'  MF **20** Julian Brandt   86'  **Manager:**  Joachim Löw |  | GK **13** Guillermo Ochoa  RB **3** Carlos Salcedo  CB **2** Hugo Ayala  CB **15** Héctor Moreno  40'  LB **23** Jesús Gallardo  CM **16** Héctor Herrera  90'  CM **18** Andrés Guardado ()   74'  RW **7** Miguel Layún  AM **11** Carlos Vela   58'  LW **22** Hirving Lozano   66'  CF **14** Javier Hernández  **Substitutions:**  DF **21** Edson Álvarez   58'  FW **9** Raúl Jiménez   66'  DF **4** Rafael Márquez   74'  **Manager:**  Juan Carlos Osorio |
| --- | --- | --- |

### Sweden vs South Korea

The two teams had faced each other four times, most recently in 2005, a 2–2 draw in a friendly game.

Sweden's defence was tested by a South Korean attack in the early stages. Andreas Granqvist was denied a shot at goal by a last-ditch interception by Kim Young-gwon. Marcus Berg was close to score midway through the first half but his close range shot was beaten away by Jo Hyeon-woo, while South Korea did not manage a single shot on target. Jo also saved from Ola Toivonen's header following a free-kick. In the start to the second half, both sides exchanged chances within the first six minutes. There was a short delay for Kim Min-woo's foul on Viktor Claesson to be analysed on video and for the referee to point to the spot but it did not affect Granqvist, who sent Jo the wrong way. Hwang Hee-chan spurned a glorious opportunity late on, heading wide from 10 yards out, as Sweden ultimately held on for a precious three points.

This was Sweden's first win in their opening match at a World Cup since beating Mexico 3–0 as hosts in 1958. South Korea lost their opening match at a World Cup for the first time since 1998 when they lost 3–1 against Mexico. Sweden's goal was the first they had scored in 402 minutes of international football.

| Sweden | 1–0 | South Korea |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Nizhny Novgorod Stadium, Nizhny NovgorodAttendance: 42,300Referee: Joel Aguilar (El Salvador)

| GK **1** Robin Olsen  RB **6** Ludwig Augustinsson  CB **4** Andreas Granqvist ()  CB **18** Pontus Jansson  LB **2** Mikael Lustig  RM **17** Viktor Claesson  61'  CM **7** Sebastian Larsson   81'  CM **8** Albin Ekdal   71'  LM **10** Emil Forsberg  CF **9** Marcus Berg  CF **20** Ola Toivonen   77'  **Substitutions:**  MF **15** Oscar Hiljemark   71'  FW **22** Isaac Kiese Thelin   77'  MF **13** Gustav Svensson   81'  **Manager:**  Janne Andersson |  | GK **23** Jo Hyeon-woo  RB **2** Lee Yong  CB **20** Jang Hyun-soo  CB **19** Kim Young-gwon  LB **6** Park Joo-ho   28'  CM **17** Lee Jae-sung  CM **16** Ki Sung-yueng ()  CM **13** Koo Ja-cheol   73'  RF **11** Hwang Hee-chan  55'  CF **9** Kim Shin-wook  13'  66'  LF **7** Son Heung-min  **Substitutions:**  DF **12** Kim Min-woo   28'  MF **15** Jung Woo-young   66'  MF **10** Lee Seung-woo   73'  **Manager:**  Shin Tae-yong |
| --- | --- | --- |

### South Korea vs Mexico

The two teams had met in 12 matches, including one game at the 1998 FIFA World Cup group stage, won by Mexico 3–1. The match was attended by the President of South Korea, Moon Jae-in.

In the 12th minute, Hirving Lozano made a block to deny Lee Yong. Nine minutes later, Son Heung-min shot a low drive which Héctor Moreno helped to keep out. Jang Hyun-soo handled Andrés Guardado's cross and the referee awarded a penalty, Carlos Vela stepped up and sent Jo Hyeon-woo the wrong way. Two minutes later, Miguel Layún lashed his effort over from close range. South Korea wanted a penalty of their own after the restart when Moon Seon-min's strike clipped Carlos Salcedo's arm, but the referee waved away their appeals. Jo lunged to his right to tip Javier Hernández's shot wide. Lozano drove into space, Vela drew away to the right as the ball went left to Hernández, who checked back and clipped low past Jo. In the third minute of stoppage time, Son struck from 20-yards into the top-left corner.

Before Son's goal, South Korea had gone 288 minutes without scoring at the World Cup, their longest ever such drought. Hernández scored his 50th goal for Mexico, becoming the inaugural player of the Mexico national team to reach that milestone. Mexico has won consecutive matches at the World Cup starting with their inaugural achievement at the 2002 World Cup. Hernández is the third player to score at three World Cups, preceded by Mexico's Cuauhtémoc Blanco and Rafael Márquez.

| South Korea | 1–2 | Mexico |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Rostov Arena, Rostov-on-DonAttendance: 43,472Referee: Milorad Mažić (Serbia)

| GK **23** Jo Hyeon-woo  RB **2** Lee Yong  63'  CB **20** Jang Hyun-soo  CB **19** Kim Young-gwon  58'  LB **12** Kim Min-woo   84'  RM **18** Moon Seon-min   77'  CM **8** Ju Se-jong   64'  CM **16** Ki Sung-yueng ()  LM **11** Hwang Hee-chan  CF **17** Lee Jae-sung  CF **7** Son Heung-min  **Substitutions:**  MF **10** Lee Seung-woo  72'  64'  MF **15** Jung Woo-young  80'  77'  DF **14** Hong Chul   84'  **Manager:**  Shin Tae-yong |  | GK **13** Guillermo Ochoa  RB **21** Edson Álvarez  CB **3** Carlos Salcedo  CB **15** Héctor Moreno  LB **23** Jesús Gallardo  CM **7** Miguel Layún  CM **16** Héctor Herrera  CM **18** Andrés Guardado ()   68'  RF **11** Carlos Vela   77'  CF **14** Javier Hernández  LF **22** Hirving Lozano   71'  **Substitutions:**  DF **4** Rafael Márquez   68'  MF **17** Jesús Manuel Corona   71'  MF **10** Giovani dos Santos   77'  **Manager:**  Juan Carlos Osorio |
| --- | --- | --- |

### Germany vs Sweden

The two teams had met in 36 previous matches, including four FIFA World Cup games, the latest of these being a 2–0 Germany win in the 2006 World Cup round of 16.

Julian Draxler had a shot blocked from close range before he toe-poked a left-footed effort narrowly wide from a tight angle soon after. Sebastian Rudy left the field with a bloody nose after a collision with Ola Toivonen moments before he burst into the box to control a Viktor Claesson cross on his chest and lift his shot over Manuel Neuer into the far corner of the net. Three minutes into the second half, Germany drew level when Timo Werner's cross found Marco Reus, who met it with his knee and turned the ball into the bottom corner of the net. With just under 10 minutes left, Jérôme Boateng was dismissed after picking up a second yellow card for a tackle on Marcus Berg, and Neuer then made a one-handed save to deny substitute John Guidetti from a downward header. Toni Kroos tapped a free-kick short to Reus before sweeping the return pass into the top right corner from left of the penalty area with his right foot.

Kroos' goal in (94.39) is the latest winner ever scored on the World Cup stage. The previous record belonged to Francesco Totti, who found the net late on (94.26) against Australia in 2006. Germany came from behind at half-time to win a World Cup match for the first time since 1974 – which was also against Sweden (0–1 at HT, won 4–2). Sweden have lost a World Cup group-stage match for the first time since June 1990, when they lost to Costa Rica – this defeat ends a run of 10 group games unbeaten. Boateng is the first player to be sent off at the World Cup for Germany since Miroslav Klose in 2010 against Serbia.

| Germany | 2–1 | Sweden |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Fisht Olympic Stadium, SochiAttendance: 44,287Referee: Szymon Marciniak (Poland)

| GK **1** Manuel Neuer ()  RB **18** Joshua Kimmich  CB **16** Antonio Rüdiger  CB **17** Jérôme Boateng  71'  82'  LB **3** Jonas Hector   87'  CM **19** Sebastian Rudy   31'  CM **8** Toni Kroos  RW **13** Thomas Müller  AM **7** Julian Draxler   46'  LW **11** Marco Reus  CF **9** Timo Werner  **Substitutions:**  MF **21** İlkay Gündoğan   31'  FW **23** Mario Gómez   46'  MF **20** Julian Brandt   87'  **Manager:**  Joachim Löw |  | GK **1** Robin Olsen  RB **2** Mikael Lustig  CB **3** Victor Lindelöf  CB **4** Andreas Granqvist ()  LB **6** Ludwig Augustinsson  RM **17** Viktor Claesson   74'  CM **7** Sebastian Larsson  90+7'  CM **8** Albin Ekdal  52'  LM **10** Emil Forsberg  CF **9** Marcus Berg   90'  CF **20** Ola Toivonen   78'  **Substitutions:**  MF **21** Jimmy Durmaz   74'  FW **11** John Guidetti   78'  FW **22** Isaac Kiese Thelin   90'  **Manager:**  Janne Andersson |
| --- | --- | --- |

### South Korea vs Germany

The two teams had faced each other three times, including two FIFA World Cup games, one at the 2002 FIFA World Cup semi-finals, which ended with a 1–0 victory for Germany, and one at the 1994 FIFA World Cup group stage, a Germany 3–2 victory. Despite South Korea's two previous losses, they were not eliminated just yet. For South Korea to have any chance of advancing, Mexico would have to defeat Sweden in their match that same day, and South Korea would then have to defeat Germany by at least two goals, a feat predicted to be highly improbable going in, with the South Korean coach before the game predicting that it had a "one percent" chance of happening.

Son Heung-min shot wide from the edge of the penalty area before Marco Reus shot one towards goal at the other end only to see it blocked. Leon Goretzka drew a one-handed save from Jo Hyeon-woo with a header from the middle of the penalty area, the South Korean goalkeeper diving to his right and pushing the ball away at full stretch. Two minutes into the second-half's stoppage time, Son's corner from the left reached Kim Young-gwon at the far post who scored into the right corner from six yards out with his left foot, the offside decision that followed was overruled by a VAR decision. Ju Se-jong won the ball off Manuel Neuer who had been at the other end of the pitch in order to join the German attack, thus leaving the goal undefended, and hit a long ball to Son, who ran onto the ball and tapped into an empty net from close range to score the second.

Had Mexico defeated Sweden in their final group stage match that same day, a South Korean victory over Germany by at least two goals would have advanced South Korea to the round of 16 based on goal differential, at the expense of Sweden. However, since Sweden defeated Mexico 3–0, the South Koreans were eliminated despite their 2–0 victory over Germany. This marked the second time that South Korea failed to qualify for the knockout stage in consecutive World Cups, having been eliminated in the group stage at the previous tournament and in four consecutive World Cups from 1986 to 1998.

Germany were the fourth defending champions to be eliminated from the group stage at the World Cup in the last five tournaments, following France in 2002, Italy in 2010, and Spain in 2014; and since the new millennium, all champions eliminated in the group stage had been UEFA members. This was only the second time that Germany had been eliminated from the first round at the World Cup, having done so in 1938, while also being the first time since then that Germany failed to finish among the best eight teams of the tournament. However, this was the first time it happened after the first round was converted back to a group stage format in 1950. This was Germany's first ever defeat against an Asian nation in a World Cup match in what was their sixth such match. This was South Korea's first victory (and clean sheet) at the World Cup since their 2–0 win over Greece in 2010. Son's goal for South Korea (95:52) was the latest goal Germany had ever conceded in a 90-minute World Cup match. This was also the first time Germany finished bottom in the World Cup's group stage, one of the worst performances in their history; having been eliminated from the group stage of UEFA Euro 2000 and 2004. South Korea's win also meant that Australia was the only team from the Asian Football Confederation that failed to win a game in their 2018 World Cup campaign. Germany would also suffer the same fate again 4 years later in 2022, this time finishing 3rd of their group stage.

| South Korea | 2–0 | Germany |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Kazan Arena, KazanAttendance: 41,835Referee: Mark Geiger (United States)

| GK **23** Jo Hyeon-woo  RB **2** Lee Yong  CB **5** Yun Young-sun  CB **19** Kim Young-gwon  LB **14** Hong Chul  RM **17** Lee Jae-sung  23'  CM **15** Jung Woo-young  9'  CM **20** Jang Hyun-soo  LM **18** Moon Seon-min  48'  69'  CF **13** Koo Ja-cheol   56'  CF **7** Son Heung-min ()  65'  **Substitutions:**  FW **11** Hwang Hee-chan   56'  79'  MF **8** Ju Se-jong   69'  DF **22** Go Yo-han   79'  **Manager:**  Shin Tae-yong |  | GK **1** Manuel Neuer ()  RB **18** Joshua Kimmich  CB **5** Mats Hummels  CB **15** Niklas Süle  LB **3** Jonas Hector   78'  CM **6** Sami Khedira   58'  CM **8** Toni Kroos  RW **14** Leon Goretzka   63'  AM **10** Mesut Özil  LW **11** Marco Reus  CF **9** Timo Werner  **Substitutions:**  FW **23** Mario Gómez   58'  FW **13** Thomas Müller   63'  MF **20** Julian Brandt   78'  **Manager:**  Joachim Löw |
| --- | --- | --- |

### Mexico vs Sweden

The two teams had met in nine previous matches, including a 1958 FIFA World Cup group stage match won by Sweden 3–0.

Sweden got the breakthrough five minutes into the second half, Ludwig Augustinsson volleyed past Guillermo Ochoa when Viktor Claesson's mishit sat him up. The referee pointed to the spot when Héctor Moreno slid in on Marcus Berg and Andreas Granqvist shot into the top-left corner. In the 74th minute, substitute Isaac Kiese Thelin flicked on a long throw-in before Edson Álvarez accidentally hit the ball into his own net with his left thigh.

Mexico qualify for the knockout stages for the seventh consecutive World Cup despite this defeat thanks to South Korea's 2–0 victory over Germany. This was Sweden's biggest win in a World Cup match since they defeated Bulgaria 4–0 in 1994 in the third-place play-off match. Granqvist became the first Swedish player to score two or more goals in a single World Cup tournament since Henrik Larsson in 2002. This was Mexico's worst defeat at the World Cup since they were beaten 6–0 by Germany in 1978. Jesús Gallardo was shown a yellow card after just 15 seconds in this game – the quickest anyone has ever been booked in the World Cup.

| Mexico | 0–3 | Sweden |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Central Stadium, YekaterinburgAttendance: 33,061Referee: Néstor Pitana (Argentina)

| GK **13** Guillermo Ochoa  RB **21** Edson Álvarez  CB **3** Carlos Salcedo  CB **15** Héctor Moreno  61'  LB **23** Jesús Gallardo  1'  65'  CM **18** Andrés Guardado ()   75'  CM **16** Héctor Herrera  RW **7** Miguel Layún  86'  89'  AM **11** Carlos Vela  LW **22** Hirving Lozano  CF **14** Javier Hernández  **Substitutions:**  MF **8** Marco Fabián   65'  MF **17** Jesús Manuel Corona   75'  FW **19** Oribe Peralta   89'  **Manager:**  Juan Carlos Osorio |  | GK **1** Robin Olsen  RB **2** Mikael Lustig  88'  CB **3** Victor Lindelöf  CB **4** Andreas Granqvist ()  LB **6** Ludwig Augustinsson  RM **17** Viktor Claesson  CM **7** Sebastian Larsson  26'  57'  CM **8** Albin Ekdal   80'  LM **10** Emil Forsberg  CF **9** Marcus Berg   68'  CF **20** Ola Toivonen  **Substitutions:**  MF **13** Gustav Svensson   57'  FW **22** Isaac Kiese Thelin   68'  MF **15** Oscar Hiljemark   80'  **Manager:**  Janne Andersson |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Discipline

Fair play points would have been used as tiebreakers if the overall and head-to-head records of teams were tied. These were calculated based on yellow and red cards received in all group matches as follows:

* first yellow card: minus 1 point;
* indirect red card (second yellow card): minus 3 points;
* direct red card: minus 4 points;
* yellow card and direct red card: minus 5 points;

Only one of the above deductions were applied to a player in a single match.

| Team | Match 1 | | | | Match 2 | | | | Match 3 | | | | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
| Sweden | 1 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | −5 |
| Mexico | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | −5 |
| Germany | 2 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | −5 |
| South Korea | 2 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | −10 |

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title: Atlas Computer Laboratory

abstract: The Atlas Computer Laboratory on the Harwell, Oxfordshire campus shared by the Harwell Laboratory was one of the major computer laboratories in the world, which operated between 1961 and 1975 to provide a service to British scientists at a time when powerful computers were not usually available. The main user population was the UK universities and some government agencies. Now called the Atlas centre, it is home to European Space Agency's (ESA) Business Incubation Centre, and the Science and Technology Facilities Council's (STFC) Innovations Technology Access Centre (I-TAC).

text:
# Atlas Computer Laboratory

The **Atlas Computer Laboratory** on the Harwell, Oxfordshire campus shared by the Harwell Laboratory was one of the major computer laboratories in the world, which operated between 1961 and 1975 to provide a service to British scientists at a time when powerful computers were not usually available. The main user population was the UK universities and some government agencies.

Now called the Atlas centre, it is home to European Space Agency's (ESA) Business Incubation Centre (ESA BIC), and the Science and Technology Facilities Council's (STFC) Innovations Technology Access Centre (I-TAC).

## History

From 1964 to 1971, the laboratory housed the largest of the three examples of the Ferranti Atlas 1 computer that was purchased for £2.5 million, and after which the laboratory was named. For a time, it was the fastest and most innovative of the computers available worldwide.

Throughout its life, it was headed by Jack Howlett. Early staff or visitors included A. O. L. Atkin (1964–1970), I. J. Good (1964–1967), and Donald Michie who had worked together at Bletchley Park during the Second World War.

High quality text and graphics output on both paper and film was provided by a Stromberg-Carlson SC4020 microfilm recorder that provided a unique service for many years, especially to people interested in doing computer animation. Associated with the SC4020 was a PDP15 satellite computer that provided previewing facilities for the SC4020 and a range of interactive graphics facilities for users.

From 1971, an ICL 1906A was installed with twice the computing power of the Atlas 1. About the same time, work started on replacing the ageing SC4020 with a modern III FR80 microfilm recorder which expanded the range of output media to include microfiche and was able to generate colour as well as black and white output.

From 1967 until 1985, several of the earliest computed generated image (CGI) or computer animated films were produced at the laboratory, particularly for the Open University. Most famously, the laboratory's facilities were used to produce the raster wireframe model rendering shown on the navigation monitors in the landing sequence of the 1979 Ridley Scott film *Alien* which won the 1979 Academy Award for Best Visual Effects.

The Atlas Computer Laboratory made important contributions to systems software including operating systems, compilers, computer graphics, and networking. Basic software in the areas of statistics, mathematics, linguistics, chemistry and many other areas was also developed.

In 1975, the Atlas Computer Laboratory was closed, moving some parts to the Daresbury Laboratory and amalgamating the rest with the neighbouring Rutherford High Energy Laboratory, and then in 1979 with the Appleton Laboratory to form the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. Since 2007, the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory has been operated by the Science and Technology Facilities Council.

In July 2009, The European Space Agency Business Incubation Centre Harwell (ESA BIC Harwell) moved into the Atlas building, now named the Atlas Centre. ESA BIC Harwell supports small and medium businesses that use space technology for everyday applications to develop their products and expand their companies. Also staff of ESA's European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications (ECSAT) were housed in the Atlas building between 2009 and September 2015, before the team moved into a dedicated building.

The building is also home to The Science and Technology Facilities Council's (STFC) Innovations Technology Access Centre (I-TAC) and RAL space robotics division where the team is developing autonomous robotic platforms that can be used both for space and terrestrial applications.

## InfoBox

Atlas Computer Laboratory
| The Atlas Computer Laboratory was for many years a major facility supporting computationally intensive science and engineering research in the UK. | |
| --- | --- |
| Location within Oxfordshire | |
| Established | 1961 |
| Dissolved | 1975 |
| Location | Harwell, Oxfordshire |
| Coordinates | 51°34′31″N 1°18′54″W / 51.5752°N 1.3150°W / 51.5752; -1.3150 |
| Director | Jack Howlett |
| Website | http://www.chilton-computing.org.uk/ |


title: Auburn–Tulane football rivalry

abstract: The Auburn–Tulane football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Auburn Tigers and Tulane Green Wave. The rivalry began in 1902. Tulane leads the series 17–15–6.

text:
# Auburn–Tulane football rivalry

150km
100miles Tulane  AuburnLocations of Auburn and Tulane

The **Auburn–Tulane football rivalry** is an American college football rivalry between the Auburn Tigers and Tulane Green Wave. The rivalry began in 1902. Tulane leads the series 17–15–6.

## Series history

The first game took place on October 25, 1902, in New Orleans, Louisiana. Both teams played in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) until leaving in 1922 to form the Southern Conference. Tulane and Auburn were charter members of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) in 1932 and played annually until 1955. The rivalry was renewed in 2006. The rivalry was notable for its back-and-forth nature, featuring three straight scoreless ties from 1936–38.

## Notable games

### 1926: A safety beats Tulane at Sugar Bowl dedication

The most notable game of Dave Morey's tenure as Auburn head coach was a 2–0 win over Bernie Bierman's Tulane squad, in the game that dedicated New Orleans' famous Sugar Bowl.

### 1932: Hitchcock upsets Green Wave

Led by All-American Jimmy Hitchcock, Auburn upset the Green Wave 19–7. It was called by one sports editor "the most glamorous football conquest in the annals of Auburn football." Hitchcock scored first when he intercepted a pass from Tulane's All-American, Don Zimmerman, and ran 60 yards for a touchdown, with the key block provided by Dave Ariail. The second touchdown was a 63-yard run from Hitchcock out of a punt formation.

### 1955: Tulane upsets #8 Auburn

In the last matchup until 2006, Gene Newton threw two touchdowns in a 27–13 upset of 8th ranked Auburn.

## Game results

| Auburn victories | Tulane victories | Tie games |
| --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

Auburn–Tulane football rivalry
| Auburn Tigers   Tulane Green Wave | |
| --- | --- |
| First meeting | November 25, 1902
Tie, 0–0 |
| Latest meeting | September 7, 2019
Auburn, 24–6 |
| Next meeting | TBD |
| Statistics | |
| Meetings total | 38 |
| All-time series | Tulane leads, 17–15–6 (.526) |
| Largest victory | Tulane, 52–0 (1929) |
| Longest win streak | Tulane, 5 (1946–1950) |
| Current win streak | Auburn, 2 (2006–present) |


title: Arkel

abstract:
Arkel is a town in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. A part of the municipality of Molenlanden, it lies about 3 km north of Gorinchem. Arkel is a former municipality; in 1986 it became part of Giessenlanden. In 2017, the village of Arkel had 3.445 inhabitants. The built-up area of the village was 0.42 km² and contained 1.125 residences.
The statistical area "Arkel", which also includes the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 3220. Though there are little places of cultural interest in Arkel, there is a 19th-century domed church and a 19th-century windmill.

text:
# Arkel

**Arkel** is a town in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. A part of the municipality of Molenlanden, it lies about 3 km north of Gorinchem. Arkel is a former municipality; in 1986 it became part of Giessenlanden.

In 2017, the village of Arkel had 3.445 inhabitants. The built-up area of the village was 0.42 km² and contained 1.125 residences. The statistical area "Arkel", which also includes the surrounding countryside, has a population of around 3220. Though there are little places of cultural interest in Arkel, there is a 19th-century domed church and a 19th-century windmill.

## History

Although nowadays a modest village, in the Middle Ages it was the origin of the renowned Lords of Arkel, who owned considerable territories including the town of Gorinchem.

## Transportation

Arkel is served by Arkel railway station. It is located north of the town.

## InfoBox

| Arkel | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Windmill in Arkel | |
|  | |
|  | |
| The village (dark green) and the statistical district (light green) of Arkel in the municipality of Giessenlanden. | |
| Coordinates: 51°51′50″N 4°59′40″E / 51.86389°N 4.99444°E / 51.86389; 4.99444 | |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Province | South Holland |
| Municipality | Molenlanden |
| Population (2017) | |
| Total | 3,445 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Avon, Pennsylvania

abstract: Avon is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,667 at the 2010 census, a decline from the figure of 2,856 tabulated in 2000.

text:
# Avon, Pennsylvania

**Avon** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,667 at the 2010 census, a decline from the figure of 2,856 tabulated in 2000.

## Geography

Avon is located in central Lebanon County at 40°20′45″N 76°23′12″W / 40.34583°N 76.38667°W / 40.34583; -76.38667 (40.345923, -76.386756). It is primarily in South Lebanon Township but extends north slightly into North Lebanon Township. It is bordered to the northwest by the city of Lebanon and to the west by the Hebron census-designated place. The Avon census-designated place contains the communities of Avon and Avon Heights.

U.S. Route 422 (East Cumberland Street) passes through Avon, leading west into the center of Lebanon and east 27 miles (43 km) to Reading. Harrisburg, the state capital, is 30 miles (48 km) to the west via US-422 and US-322.

According to the United States Census Bureau, in 2010 the CDP had an area of 1.4 square miles (3.6 km2), down from 1.6 square miles (4.1 km2) at the 2000 census all land. The community drains southwest to Quittapahilla Creek, which flows west through the center of Lebanon and is a tributary of Swatara Creek, itself a tributary of the Susquehanna River.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 1,676 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

At the 2000 census, there were 2,856 people, 854 households and 615 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,769.8 inhabitants per square mile (683.3/km2). There were 916 housing units at an average density of 567.6 per square mile (219.2/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.92% White, 1.86% African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.74% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 1.61% from other races, and 0.67% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.39% of the population.

There were 854 households, of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.8% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.9% were non-families. 24.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.04.

18.7% of the population were under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 21.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.9 males.

The median household income was $39,872 and the median family income was $42,358. Males had a median income of $33,393 versus $27,717 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $15,901. About 3.6% of families and 6.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.2% of those under age 18 and 2.4% of those age 65 or over.

1. "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
2. "Census Population API". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
3. "Total Population: 2010 Census DEC Summary File 1 (P1), Avon CDP, Pennsylvania". *data.census.gov*. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
4. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
5. "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files: Places: Pennsylvania". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
6. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
7. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.

## InfoBox

| Avon, Pennsylvania | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| AvonLocation in PennsylvaniaAvonLocation in the United States | |
| Coordinates: 40°20′44″N 76°23′23″W / 40.34556°N 76.38972°W / 40.34556; -76.38972 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| County | Lebanon |
| Townships | South Lebanon
North Lebanon |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.38 sq mi (3.56 km2) |
| Land | 1.38 sq mi (3.56 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 478 ft (146 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 1,676 |
| Density | 1,218.02/sq mi (470.24/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| FIPS code | 42-03648 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2389162 |