title: Argument from nonbelief

abstract: An argument from nonbelief is a philosophical argument for the non-existence of God that asserts an inconsistency between God's existence and a world in which people fail to recognize him. It is similar to the classic argument from evil in affirming an inconsistency between the world that exists and the world that would exist if God had certain desires combined with the power to see them through. There are two key varieties of the argument. The argument from reasonable nonbelief was first elaborated in J. L. Schellenberg's 1993 book Divine Hiddenness and Human Reason. This argument says that if God existed every reasonable person would have been brought to believe in God; however, there are reasonable nonbelievers; therefore, this God does not exist. Theodore Drange subsequently developed the argument from nonbelief, based on the mere existence of nonbelief in God. Drange considers the distinction between reasonable and unreasonable (culpable) nonbelief to be irrelevant and confusing. Nevertheless, the overwhelming majority of academic discussion is concerned with Schellenberg's formulation.

text:
# Argument from nonbelief

An **argument from nonbelief** is a philosophical argument for the non-existence of God that asserts an inconsistency between God's existence and a world in which people fail to recognize him. It is similar to the classic argument from evil in affirming an inconsistency between the world that exists and the world that would exist if God had certain desires combined with the power to see them through.

There are two key varieties of the argument. The **argument from reasonable nonbelief** (or the **argument from divine hiddenness**) was first elaborated in J. L. Schellenberg's 1993 book *Divine Hiddenness and Human Reason*. This argument says that if God existed (and was perfectly good and loving) every reasonable person would have been brought to believe in God; however, there are reasonable nonbelievers; therefore, this God does not exist.

Theodore Drange subsequently developed **the argument from nonbelief**, based on the mere existence of nonbelief in God. Drange considers the distinction between reasonable (by which Schellenberg means inculpable) and unreasonable (culpable) nonbelief to be irrelevant and confusing. Nevertheless, the overwhelming majority of academic discussion is concerned with Schellenberg's formulation.

## Historical references to the problem of divine hiddenness

The theme of divine hiddenness, silence or darkness has a long history in Judeo-Christian and Islamic theology. The roots of the Judeo-Christian description of God as hidden are in the Bible, for example in the Psalms, "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?....I cry by day, but you do not answer....", and in Isaiah: "Truly you are a God who hides himself, O God of Israel, the Savior."

One of the first philosophers to write on the theme of divine hiddenness was Anselm of Canterbury, who in his *Proslogion* links it to an existential or spiritual concern:

> I have never seen thee, O Lord my God; I do not know thy form. What, O most high Lord, shall this man do, an exile far from thee? What shall thy servant do, anxious in his love of thee, and cast out afar from thy face? He pants to see thee, and thy face is too far from him. He longs to come to thee, and thy dwelling place is inaccessible. He is eager to find thee, and knows not thy place. He desires to seek thee, and does not know thy face. Lord, thou art my God, and thou art my Lord, yet never have I seen thee. It is thou that hast made me, and hast made me anew, and hast bestowed upon me all the blessings I enjoy; and not yet do I know thee. Finally, I was created to see thee and not yet have I done that for which I was made.

Daniel Howard-Snyder and Paul Moser, in the introduction to a volume of papers on the idea of divine hiddenness as evidence against theism, cite Nietzsche's question as anticipating this contemporary theme: "a god who is all-knowing and all-powerful and who does not even make sure his creatures understand his intentions—could that be a god of goodness?"

## Schellenberg's hiddenness argument

Discussion of Schellenberg's argument has made explicit a non-theological use of the term 'hiddenness', which is now commonly used simply as a way of talking about the subjective condition of nonbelief in God. In his first presentation of the argument Schellenberg emphasized inculpable or reasonable nonbelief, but he has since shifted to speaking more specifically about nonresistant nonbelief. The first presentation is often given by commentators as follows, based on Schellenberg's own summing up:

> 1. If there is a God, he is perfectly loving.
> 2. If a perfectly loving God exists, reasonable nonbelief does not occur.
> 3. Reasonable nonbelief occurs.
> 4. No perfectly loving God exists (from 2 and 3).
> 5. Hence, there is no God (from 1 and 4).

Schellenberg has stated that this formulation is misleading, when taken on its own, because it does not make explicit the reason why a perfectly loving God would want to prevent nonbelief. His deepest claim, he says, is "about the connection between love and openness to relationship—a personal and positively meaningful and explicit sort of relationship of the sort that logically presupposes each party's belief in the other's existence." A later presentation of the argument by Schellenberg, which aims at accessibility for students, includes this element:

> 1. If no perfectly loving God exists, then God does not exist.
> 2. If a perfectly loving God exists, then there is a God who is always open to personal relationship with each human person.
> 3. If there is a God who is always open to personal relationship with each human person, then no human person is ever non-resistantly unaware that God exists.
> 4. If a perfectly loving God exists, then no human person is ever non-resistantly unaware that God exists (from 2 and 3).
> 5. Some human persons are non-resistantly unaware that God exists.
> 6. No perfectly loving God exists (from 4 and 5).
> 7. God does not exist (from 1 and 6).

In an article revisiting the argument ten years after it was originally proposed, Schellenberg observes that criticism has mainly centered around the idea that God would prevent inculpable nonbelief. He asserts that there are relatively few criticisms questioning the existence of inculpable nonbelief, and almost no theistic philosopher objects to the idea that God is perfectly loving.

### God is perfectly loving

Schellenberg says he has not seen any serious objections to this premise by theistic philosophers, but there certainly are other conceptions of God. Daniel Howard-Snyder writes about the possibility of believing in an unsurpassably great personal god that is nevertheless dispassionate towards its creatures. Drawing on the Stoic concept of Eudaimonia, he says one can think of a god more akin to a wise sage than the loving parent that Schellenberg envisions.

Theodore Drange, in his attempt to improve the argument (see below), states that there are many theists who do not view God as perfectly loving, and "some Christians think of him as an angry deity bent on punishing people for their sins." Drange concludes that the argument should be put forward only in relation to theists who already accept the first premise and believe in a god who is perfectly loving.

Most theists, in fact, do admit that love is a central concept in almost all of the world's religions. God is often directly associated with love, especially with agape. Theologians such as N.T. Wright suggest that our experience of love is itself a proof of God's existence. However, there are a few others (e.g. Brian Davies in the Thomist tradition) who suggest that the modern interpretation of what it means to say God loves human beings is incorrect, and so that God is able to be loving in a sense while actually willing disbelief.

### Nonresistant nonbelief, lack of evidence, and sin

When asked what he would say when facing God on judgment day, Bertrand Russell famously replied that he would say "Not enough evidence, God! Not enough evidence!" Some nonbelievers may have hidden from themselves what seems to them to be possible evidence of the divine, but the view of the hiddenness argument is that others have tried hard to believe in God. Schellenberg addresses this difference with his distinction between culpable and *inculpable* nonbelief, with the latter defined as "non-belief that exists through no fault of the non-believer."

Historically, the Calvinist tradition has placed the blame on nonbelievers. Calvin's religious epistemology is based on the *sensus divinitatis* (Sense of Divinity), the view that the presence of God is universally perceived by all humans. Paul Helm explains, "Calvin’s use of the term 'sense' signals that the knowledge of God is a common human endowment; mankind is created not only as capable of knowing God, but as actually knowing him." According to this tradition, there is no inculpable or nonresistant nonbelief. Jonathan Edwards, the 18th century American theologian, claimed that while every human being has been granted the capacity to know God, successful use of these capacities requires an attitude of "true benevolence", a willingness to be open to the truth about God. Thus, the failure of non-believers to see "divine things" is in his view due to "a dreadful stupidity of mind, occasioning a sottish insensibility of their truth and importance."

### Demographics of theism and the problem of natural nonbelief

In modern times, there are fewer proponents of these views. One reason is that, as Stephen Maitzen argues, anthropology has long established that while religious belief in general is essentially universal, belief in what Calvin would recognize as God is very unevenly distributed among cultures (consider for example God in Buddhism, Jain cosmology, or non-theistic animism). If God exists, then why, Maitzen asks, does the prevalence of belief in God vary so dramatically with cultural and national boundaries? Jason Marsh has extended this kind of demographic challenge by focusing on human evolution and cognitive science of religion. Why is theistic belief apparently non-existent among early humans but common at later times, at least in some regions? According to Marsh, the hiddenness problem is harder to answer once we appreciate that much nonbelief is 'natural', owing to the kinds of minds people naturally possess and to their place in evolutionary and cultural history.

Another reason why many philosophers no longer attribute nonbelief to human sinfulness has to do with respect. In fact, modern critics, such as Howard-Snyder, who praised Schellenberg's book for being "religiously sensitive," are similarly sensitive towards the nonbeliever. Howard-Snyder wrote:

> Even though some nonbelievers lack true benevolence, the empirical evidence strongly suggests that others possess it since they really do earnestly seek the truth about God, love the Good, assess evidence judiciously, and, if anything, display a prejudice for God, not against Him.

### Would a perfectly loving God prevent nonresistant nonbelief?

The most serious criticisms of the hiddenness argument have been leveled against the idea that a perfectly loving God would prevent nonresistant nonbelief. Schellenberg argues in two steps, by first claiming that a loving God would enable humans to partake in a relationship with it, and then, assuming that belief in that god is a necessary condition for such relationships to occur, inferring that a loving God would not permit nonbelief. He states:

> There is, first of all, the claim that if there is a personal God who is perfectly loving, creatures capable of explicit and positively meaningful relationship with God, who have not freely shut themselves off from God, are always in a position to participate in such relationship—able to do so just by trying to.

He justifies this claim by arguing that a conception of divine love can best be formed by extrapolating the best aspects of love in human relations, and draws an analogy with perfect parental love:

> The perfectly loving parent, for example, from the time the child can first respond to her at all until death separates them, will, insofar as she can help it, see to it that nothing *she* does ever puts relationship with herself out of reach for her child.

But, says Schellenberg, belief in God's existence is necessary for engaging in such a meaningful relationship with God. He therefore concludes that if there is a perfectly loving God, such creatures will always believe in it. He further argues that since belief is involuntary, these creatures should always have evidence "causally sufficient" for such belief:

> The presence of God will be for them like a light that—however much the degree of its brightness may fluctuate—remains on unless they close their eyes.

## Objections and counterarguments

### Skeptical theism

Skeptical theism is the view that we should remain skeptical of claims that our perceptions about God's purposes can reasonably be considered good evidence of what they are. The central thesis of skeptical theism is that it would not be surprising for an infinitely intelligent and knowledgeable being's reasons for permitting a perception of evil or alleged hiddenness to be beyond human comprehension.<sup>\[2\]</sup> That is, what is perceived as hiddenness may be necessary for a greater good or to prevent equal or even greater evils.

Schellenberg has responded to skeptical theism (i.e. noseeum/unknown-purpose defense). First, Schellenberg says that he has given known reasons to think that a perfectly loving being would always be open to a personal relationship; ipso facto, God would not sacrifice some time in the relationship for the sake of unknown greater goods, and if the greatest good for finite creatures is to be in a relationship with God, then God would not sacrifice that for the sake of unknown greater goods. Finally, Schellenberg's position is that all known and unknown goods are ultimately in God; hence, God can bring about unknown greater goods without hiddenness.

#### Noseeum defense

The philosophers Michael Bergmann and Michael Rea described the philosopher William Rowe's justification for the second premise of the argument from evil, which is equally applicable to a perception of hiddenness:

> Some evidential arguments ... rely on a “noseeum” inference of the following sort: NI: If, after thinking hard, we can’t think of any God-justifying reason for permitting some horrific evil then it is likely that there is no such reason. (The reason NI is called a ‘noseeum’ inference is that it says, more or less, that because we don’t see ‘um, they probably ain’t there.)

Various analogies are offered to show that the noseeum inference is logically unsound. For example, a novice chess player's inability to discern a chess master's choice of moves cannot be used to infer that there is no good reason for the move. The skeptical theist and noseeum defense place the burden of proof on the atheist to prove that their intuitions about God are trustworthy.

### Unreasonable demands on God

This argument is sometimes seen as demanding God to prove his existence, for example by performing miracles. Critics have argued that even in Schellenberg's more refined version, the nonbeliever is imposing their own epistemological expectations on the will of God. A detailed discussion of these kinds of demands, and their moral and spiritual implications, is provided by Paul Moser, who says that such demands amount to cognitive idolatry. He defines idolatry as "our not letting the true God be Lord in our lives" and instead committing to something other than God by pursuing a quest for self-realization in our own terms. If this is idolatry in our actions, then idolatry in our knowing, he says, is as follows:

> Cognitive idolatry relies on a standard for knowledge that excludes the primacy of the morally self-transforming knowledge of God central to knowing God as Lord. It rests on an epistemological standard, whether empiricist, rationalist, or some hybrid, that does not let God be Lord. Such idolatry aims to protect one's lifestyle from serious challenge by the God who calls, convicts, and reconciles. It disallows knowledge of God as personal subject and Lord to whom we are morally and cognitively responsible. It allows at most for knowledge of God as an undemanding object of human knowledge.

Schellenberg considers this criticism irrelevant to the argument, which in his opinion, does not impose any demands for demonstrations of God's power, but rather looks for evidence that "need only be such as will be causally sufficient for belief in the absence of resistance... This result might be effected through the much more spiritually appropriate means of religious experience, interpreted in the sensitive manner of a Pascal or a Kierkegaard." Schellenberg then expresses a certain frustration that theistic writers who otherwise extol the value of religious experiences deny non-theists the right to do so.

### Soul-making theodicy

John Hick used the term "soul-making" in his theodicy *Evil and the God of Love* to describe the kind of spiritual development that he believes justifies the existence of evil. This defense is employed by Michael Murray, who explains how, in his view, divine hiddenness is essential to soul-making. It may seem that it is not hard to imagine a world where God is known and yet believers act freely with ample opportunities for spiritual development. But Murray gives a deep and careful analysis of the argument, concluding that if God's existence were revealed in such a way as to remove reasonable non-belief, then "any desire that we might have to believe or act in ways contrary to that which has been revealed would be overwhelmed."

Critics note here that, for example, in Christianity (and even more in Judaism, where God is represented as talking to Job and explaining why he is just), God is already believed to have exposed himself very distinctly: for example to the Apostles who saw his resurrection. One theistic explanation of this might be that God knows some people would not believe anyway but if God knows this before creating, there is a problem about God's liability for what is created. More fundamentally in relation to Murray's argument, there is the problem for orthodox believers of explaining the existence of Satan, a fallen angel who is obviously aware of God and yet, according to theistic scriptures, freely chose to rebel against God.

### Turning the tables

Like with the argument from evil, one can "flip" the argument from divine hiddenness. In other words, one can argue that the fact that many or most people believe that God exists (and/or have experiences of God) is evidence that God *does* exist.

### Unknown purpose defense

Alvin Plantinga writes that the statement "We can see no good reason for God to do X" only implies "There is no good reason for God to do X" on the assumption that "If there were a good reason for God to do X, we would be able to see it," which he suggests is absurd. This point might be applied to versions of the argument from nonbelief that suggest without support that there is no good reason for God to permit nonbelief. Critics of Plantinga might suggest that if nobody is able to present an apparently good reason for God to allow nonbelief, then it is less ad hoc to merely posit God's non-existence, or indifference to people's belief, to explain this inability, than to posit both the existence of a God who cares about people's beliefs as well as some unthinkable reason obvious only to God to remain hidden.

### There really are no atheists defense

This is the argument that all true atheists are at heart lying so that they may live in a way that is contrary to God's commands (as seen in particular interpretations of Romans 1:18-25). Critics note that there are atheists who are not lying and are not using their atheism as an escape to sin. Proponents note, however, that they could just as easily still be lying, perhaps not to others anymore but themselves (i.e. loving the wrong woman argument). Some have claimed this argument, however, fails to account for Stephen Maitzen's point on the demographics of theism. If all atheists are liars, why are people in some societies so much more likely to lie than in others? Finally, some have also claimed this argument fails to account for Jason Marsh's point on natural nonbelief in early humans. Since there was quite plausibly such a thing as natural nonbelief in early humans, then it does not make much sense to say that said nonbelief is self-deceptive. That is because natural nonbelief entails nonresistant nonbelief.

## Drange's argument from nonbelief

Theodore Drange proposed a version of the nonbelief argument in 1996. He considers the distinction between culpable and inculpable nonbelief to be unhelpful in the argument, arguing instead that the mere existence of nonbelief is evidence against the existence of God. A semi-formal presentation of the argument is as follows:

1. If God exists, God:
    1. wants all humans to believe God exists before they die;
    2. can bring about a situation in which all humans believe God exists before they die;
    3. does not want anything that would conflict with and be at least as important as its desire for all humans to believe God exists before they die; and
    4. always acts in accordance with what it most wants.
2. If God exists, all humans would believe so before they die (from 1).
3. But not all humans believe God exists before they die.
4. Therefore, God does not exist (from 2 and 3).

Drange's argument is directed primarily to Christians, and the philosopher Laura Garcia has replied from that perspective. She says that Drange's argument hinges on the idea that belief in God's existence is, according to Christians, necessary for salvation. According to Garcia this idea is mistaken: "many Christians deny this claim and the Catholic Church explicitly rejects it." But as Garcia notes, Drange has answered that for many Christians—in particular, evangelical Christians—his point should remain convincing, and that there are in any case other good things that belief in God can bring for humans, which a good God would desire, such as peace of mind and a sense of meaning in life.


title: Esther García

abstract: Esther García Rodríguez is a Spanish film producer and production supervisor.

text:
# Esther García

**Esther García Rodríguez** (born 1956) is a Spanish film producer and production supervisor.

## Life and career

Esther García Rodríguez was born in 1956 in Cedillo de la Torre. Her career in audiovisual production began with her participation in the crew of film *Pim, pam, pum... ¡fuego!* and television series *Curro Jiménez*. Involved in the production of Pedro Almodóvar's filmography, she has also served as manager of El Deseo.

In 2018, she was awarded with Spain's National Prize of Cinematography.

## Accolades

| Year | Award | Category | Work | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1989 | 3rd Goya Awards | Best Production Supervision | *Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown* | Nominated |  |
| 1991 | 5th Goya Awards | Best Production Supervision | *Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down!* | Nominated |  |
| 1993 | 7th Goya Awards | Best Production Supervision | *Acción mutante* | Won |  |
| 1994 | 8th Goya Awards | Best Production Supervision | *Kika* | Nominated |  |
| 2000 | 14th Goya Awards | Best Production Supervision | *All About My Mother* | Won |  |
| 2005 | 19th Goya Awards | Best Production Supervision | *Bad Education* | Nominated |  |
| 2006 | 20th Goya Awards | Best Production Supervision | *The Secret Life of Words* | Won |  |
| 2015 | 29th Goya Awards | Best Production Supervision | *Wild Tales* | Nominated |  |

## InfoBox

| Esther García | |
| --- | --- |
| García at the 31st Goya Awards in 2017 | |
| Born | Esther García Rodríguez
1956 (age 6768)
Cedillo de la Torre, Spain |
| Occupation(s) | Production supervisor, producer |


title: Auximobasis tarachodes

abstract: Auximobasis tarachodes is a moth in the family Blastobasidae. It was described by Walsingham in 1912. It is found in Central America.

text:
# Auximobasis tarachodes

***Auximobasis tarachodes*** is a moth in the family Blastobasidae. It was described by Walsingham in 1912. It is found in Central America.

## InfoBox

| *Auximobasis tarachodes* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Blastobasidae |
| Genus: | *Auximobasis* |
| Species: | ***A. tarachodes*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Auximobasis tarachodes***<br>(Walsingham, 1912) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Valentinia tarachodes* Walsingham, 1912 * *Blastobasis tarachodes* | |


title: 1990–91 FK Partizan season

text:
# 1990–91 FK Partizan season

The 1990–91 season was the 45th season in FK Partizan's existence. This article shows player statistics and matches that the club played during the 1990–91 season.

## Players

### Squad information

## Competitions

### Yugoslav First League

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | PKW | PKL | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Red Star Belgrade (C) | 36 | 25 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 88 | 35 | +53 | 54 | Qualification for European Cup first round |
| 2 | Dinamo Zagreb | 36 | 20 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 72 | 36 | +36 | 46 | Qualification for UEFA Cup first round |
| 3 | Partizan | 36 | 18 | 5 | 3 | 10 | 62 | 36 | +26 | | 41 |
| 4 | Proleter Zrenjanin | 36 | 17 | 1 | 3 | 15 | 50 | 49 | +1 | 35 | Qualification for Intertoto Cup |
| 5 | Borac Banja Luka | 36 | 14 | 7 | 4 | 11 | 42 | 38 | +4 | 35 |  |

Source: rsssf.org
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
(C) Champion
Notes:

| 5 August 1990 1 | **Borac Banja Luka** | **0–0**
(**4–5** ) | **Partizan** | Banja Luka |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Attendance: 12,000 |

| 12 August 1990 2 | **Vojvodina** | **1–2** | **Partizan** | Novi Sad |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Dakić  51' |  | Đurđević  21'
Šćepović  41' | Attendance: 15,000 |

| 19 August 1990 3 | **Partizan** | **4–1** | **Zemun** | Belgrade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Đurđević  12'
Šćepović  16'
Stevanović  40'
Mijatović  80' |  | Kitanov  68' | Stadium: JNA Stadium
Attendance: 9,000 |

| 1 September 1990 4 | **Partizan** | **2–1** | **Dinamo Zagreb** | Belgrade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Jokanović  13'
Đurđević  39' (pen.) |  | Šuker  50' | Stadium: JNA Stadium
Attendance: 25,000 |

| 15 September 1990 5 | **Osijek** | **3–2** | **Partizan** | Osijek |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Pantić  81'
Miličević  83' (a.g.) | Stadium: Stadion Gradski vrt
Attendance: 3,000 |

| 23 September 1990 6 | **Partizan** | **2–0** | **Sarajevo** | Belgrade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Đurđević  14'
Šćepović  52' |  |  | Stadium: JNA Stadium
Attendance: 7,000 |

| 26 September 1990 7 | **Hajduk Split** | **0–3** | **Partizan** | Split |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Đurđević  ?',  71' | Stadium: Poljud
Attendance: 20,000 |

| 30 September 1990 8 | **Partizan** | **1–1**
(**4–2** ) | **Spartak Subotica** | Belgrade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Šćepović  78' |  | Kuntić  90' | Stadium: JNA Stadium
Attendance: 7,000 |

| 7 October 1990 9 | **Sloboda Tuzla** | **3–1** | **Partizan** | Tuzla |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Višnjić  31' | Attendance: 5,000 |

| 13 October 1990 10 | **Partizan** | **1–1**
(**3–5** ) | **Crvena zvezda** | Belgrade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Vujačić  16' |  | Savićević  57' | Stadium: JNA Stadium
Attendance: 50,000 |

| 20 October 1990 11 | **Rad** | **2–1** | **Partizan** | Belgrade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Drulović  6'
Vasić  17' |  | Višnjić  21' (pen.) | Attendance: 7,000 |

| 3 November 1990 12 | **Partizan** | **0–2** | **Proleter** | Belgrade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Mihajlović  37' (pen.)
Ivić  58' | Stadium: JNA Stadium
Attendance: 10,000 |

| 18 November 1990 13 | **Radnički Niš** | **0–3** | **Partizan** | Niš |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Jokanović  27'
Mijatović  73', 90' | Stadium: Čair Stadium
Attendance: 15,000 |

| 25 November 1990 14 | **Partizan** | **3–0** | **Željezničar** | Belgrade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Mijatović  58'
Đurđević  64'
Jokanović  86' |  |  | Stadium: JNA Stadium
Attendance: 3,000 |

| 2 December 1990 15 | **Olimpija** | **0–1** | **Partizan** | Ljubljana |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Đurđević  65' | Attendance: 5,000 |

| 5 December 1990 16 | **Partizan** | **2–1** | **Budućnost** | Belgrade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Jokanović  56'
Mijatović  79' |  | 89' | Stadium: JNA Stadium
Attendance: 2,000 |

| 9 December 1990 17 | **Velež** | **0–1** | **Partizan** | Mostar |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Mijatović  74' | Attendance: 4,000 |

| 16 December 1990 18 | **Partizan** | **1–2** | **Rijeka** | Belgrade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Đurđević  30' |  | Rubčić  42'
Komljenović  69' | Stadium: JNA Stadium
Attendance: 3,000 |

| 17 February 1991 19 | **Partizan** | **2–2**
(**4–3** ) | **Borac Banja Luka** | Belgrade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Đukić
Mijatović |  | Lukić
Špica | Stadium: JNA Stadium
Attendance: 3,000 |

| 24 February 1991 20 | **Partizan** | **3–0** | **Vojvodina** | Belgrade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stevanović  27'
Mijatović  66'
Višnjić  69' |  |  | Stadium: JNA Stadium
Attendance: 3,000 |

| 3 March 1991 21 | **Zemun** | **2–2**
(**4–2** ) | **Partizan** | Belgrade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Ćurović  40'
Stojanović  76' |  | Vujačić  53'
Đukić  64' | Attendance: 4,000 |

| 17 March 1991 22 | **Dinamo Zagreb** | **0–0**
(**4–3** ) | **Partizan** | Zagreb |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Attendance: 30,000 |

| 23 March 1991 23 | **Partizan** | **4–0** | **Osijek** | Belgrade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stevanović  34'
Milanič  51'
Višnjić  71'
Mijatović  72' |  |  | Stadium: JNA Stadium
Attendance: 7,000 |

| 31 March 1991 24 | **Sarajevo** | **1–0** | **Partizan** | Sarajevo |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Puhalak  73' |  |  | Attendance: 6,000 |

| 7 April 1991 24 | **Partizan** | **4–0** | **Hajduk Split** | Belgrade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stevanović  21'
Đukić  69'
Mijatović  75'
Stanojković  80' |  |  | Stadium: JNA Stadium
Attendance: 10,000 |

| 14 April 1991 26 | **Spartak Subotica** | **0–1** | **Partizan** | Subotica |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Višnjić  53' | Attendance: 2,000 |

| 21 April 1991 27 | **Partizan** | **3–1** | **Sloboda Tuzla** | Belgrade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Bogdanović  6'
Đukić  13'
S. Đukić  55' |  | Mrkić  29' | Stadium: JNA Stadium
Attendance: 5,000 |

| 27 April 1991 28 | **Crvena zvezda** | **3–1** | **Partizan** | Belgrade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Najdoski  10'
Prosinečki  20'
Jugović  30' |  | Mijatović  43' | Stadium: Marakana
Attendance: 50,000
Referee: Zoran Petrović |

| 5 May 1991 29 | **Partizan** | **0–0**
(**5–4** ) | **Rad** | Belgrade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: JNA Stadium
Attendance: 2,000 |

| 11 May 1991 30 | **Proleter Zrenjanin** | **2–2**
(**2–3** ) | **Partizan** | Zrenjanin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Mihajlović  28'
Dubajić  63' |  | Višnjić  69'
Mijatović  90' | Attendance: 7,000 |

| 19 May 1991 31 | **Partizan** | **3–1** | **Radnički Niš** | Belgrade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Višnjić  21' (pen.)
Stevanović  39'
Bogdanović  89' |  | Stojiljković  43' | Stadium: JNA Stadium
Attendance: 2,000 |

| 26 May 1991 32 | **Željezničar** | **1–0** | **Partizan** | Sarajevo |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Slišković  82' |  |  | Attendance: 8,000 |

| 2 June 1991 33 | **Partizan** | **1–0** | **Olimpija** | Belgrade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Vujačić  19' |  |  | Stadium: JNA Stadium
Attendance: 2,500 |

| 5 June 1991 34 | **Budućnost** | **2–1** | **Partizan** | Titograd |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Leković  4' (pen.)
Drobnjak  23' |  | Višnjić  2' | Attendance: 4,000 |

| 9 June 1991 35 | **Partizan** | **5–0** | **Velež** | Belgrade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Višnjić  8', 77'
Mijatović  67', 81'
Bogdanović  90' |  |  | Stadium: JNA Stadium
Attendance: 2,000 |

| 16 June 1991 36 | **Rijeka** | **3–0** | **Partizan** | Rijeka |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Florijančič  4', 30'
Paliska  13' |  |  | Attendance: 6,000 |

### Yugoslav Cup

| 8 August 1990 Round of 32 | **Partizan** | **2–0** | **Sutjeska Nikšić** | Belgrade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Vujačić  14'
Mijatović  81' |  |  | Stadium: JNA Stadium
Attendance: 3,000 |

| 15 August 1990 Round of 16 1st leg | **Budućnost** | **2–0** | **Partizan** | Titograd |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Attendance: 10,000 |

| 22 August 1990 Round of 16 2nd leg | **Partizan** | **1–0**
(**1–2** agg.) | **Budućnost** | Belgrade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Višnjić  12' |  |  | Stadium: JNA Stadium |

### UEFA Cup

#### First round

| 18 September 1990 First round 1st leg | **Hibernians FC** | **0–3** | **Partizan** | Ta' Qali, Malta |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Đurđević  16'
Đorđević  81'
Mijatović  89' | Stadium: Ta' Qali National Stadium
Attendance: 2,000
Referee: Ilias Karamanis (Greece) |

| 3 October 1990 First round 2nd leg | **Partizan** | **2–0**
(**5 – 0** agg.) | **Hibernians FC** | Belgrade, Yugoslavia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stevanović  25'
Šćepović  80' |  |  | Stadium: JNA Stadium
Attendance: 10,000
Referee: Loizos Loizou (Cyprus) |

#### Second round

| 24 October 1990 Second round 1st leg | **Real Sociedad** | **1–0** | **Partizan** | San Sebastián, Spain |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Larrañaga  90' |  |  | Stadium: Atotxa Stadium
Attendance: 21,600
Referee: Peter Mikkelsen (Denmark) |

| 1 November 1990 Second round 2nd leg | **Partizan** | **1–0** (a.e.t.)
(**1 – 1** agg.)
(**4–3** ) | **Real Sociedad** | Belgrade, Yugoslavia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stevanović  48' |  |  | Stadium: JNA Stadium
Attendance: 45,000
Referee: Rosario Lo Bello (Italy) |

#### Third round

| 28 November 1990 Third round 1st leg | **Internazionale** | **3–0** | **Partizan** | Milan, Italy |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Matthäus  32'
Mandorlini  49'
Bianchi  70' |  |  | Stadium: San Siro
Attendance: 63,071
Referee: Helmut Kohl (Austria) |

| 12 December 1990 Third round 2nd leg | **Partizan** | **1–1**
(**1 – 4** agg.) | **Internazionale** | Belgrade, Yugoslavia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stevanović  63' |  | Matthäus  88' | Stadium: JNA Stadium
Attendance: 33,500
Referee: Michel Vautrot (France) |

1. Match abandoned due to crowd trouble. Therefore, the match was awarded to Partizan.
1. "1990-1991" (in Serbian). partizan.rs. Retrieved 24 March 2014.

## InfoBox

Partizan
| 1990–91 season | |
| --- | --- |
| President | Ivan Ćurković |
| Head coach | Miloš Milutinović |
| Yugoslav First League | 3rd |
| Yugoslav Cup | Round of 16 |
| UEFA Cup | Third Round |
| Top goalscorer | League:
All: *Predrag Mijatović* |
|  | |


title: Austria–Kurdistan Region relations

abstract: Austria–Kurdistan Region relations are bilateral relations between Austria and the Kurdistan Region. Austria is represented in Kurdistan Region through a commercial office in Erbil since 2006, while Kurdistan Region has a representation in Vienna since 2012.

text:
# Austria–Kurdistan Region relations

**Austria–Kurdistan Region relations** are bilateral relations between Austria and the Kurdistan Region. Austria is represented in Kurdistan Region through a commercial office in Erbil since 2006, while Kurdistan Region has a representation in Vienna since 2012.

## History

Kurdish rebel leader Mustafa Barzani met with the later Austrian Foreign Minister Bruno Kreisky in 1957 in Moscow. Ties between Austria and Kurdistan Region intensified in the 1970s when Austria granted asylum to Kurdish refugees from Iraq. Kurdish representative in Austria Mustafa Ramazan Goran stated that: "During these difficult times throughout the 1980s, the Austrian government never wavered in their support." As the new leader of Kurdistan Democratic Party, Masoud Barzani visited Vienna in 1979, where he escaped an assassination attempt. During the general elections of 1992 in Kurdistan Region, Austria sent a high-ranking delegation to observe the elections.

After the so-called Islamic State (ISIS) entered Iraq and captured Mosul during the Northern Iraq offensive, Austria decided to send 1.25 million dollars to the Kurdish government to cope with the growing number of Internally displaced persons.

## High level visits

Kurdish President Masoud Barzani has met the Austrian President Heinz Fischer on three occasions in Vienna; in 2011, 2014 and in 2015 on official visits. Austrian Foreign Minister Sebastian Kurz visited Erbil in 2015 and 2016 to boost ties and humanitarian aid.

## InfoBox

Austria–Kurdistan Region relations
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  |  |
|
Austria |
Kurdistan Region |
|  | |


title: Entrance Point

abstract: Entrance Point is a point marking the south side of Neptunes Bellows, the entrance to Port Foster, Deception Island, in the South Shetland Islands. Deception Island was known to sealers in the area as early as 1821. The point was named by the Hydrographic Department of the Admiralty following a survey by Lieutenant Commander D.N. Penfold, Royal Navy, in 1948–49.

text:
# Entrance Point

**Entrance Point** (63°0′S 60°33′W / 63.000°S 60.550°W / -63.000; -60.550) is a point marking the south side of Neptunes Bellows, the entrance to Port Foster, Deception Island, in the South Shetland Islands. Deception Island was known to sealers in the area as early as 1821. The point was named by the Hydrographic Department of the Admiralty following a survey by Lieutenant Commander D.N. Penfold, Royal Navy, in 1948–49.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Entrance Point". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.


title: 1998 Harlow District Council election

abstract:
The 1998 Harlow District Council election took place on 7 May 1998 to elect members of Harlow District Council in Essex, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Labour party stayed in overall control of the council. After the election, the composition of the council was
  - Labour 38
  - Liberal Democrats 3
  - Conservative 1

text:
# 1998 Harlow District Council election

The **1998 Harlow District Council election** took place on 7 May 1998 to elect members of Harlow District Council in Essex, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Labour party stayed in overall control of the council.

After the election, the composition of the council was

## Background

Before the election Labour had 40 of the 42 seats on the council, with only 2 Liberal Democrat councillors forming the opposition. 3 Labour councillors stood down at the election from Katherines with Sumners, Netteswell West and Tye Green wards.

Each of the Conservative, Labour and Liberal Democrats had candidates for all 15 seats contested at the election, with 2 seats available in Old Harlow ward.

## Election result

Labour held 13 of the 15 seats they had been defending, but the council chairman John Young was defeated in Kingsmoor ward by 21-year-old Conservative Andrew Johnson, who became the youngest councillor on the council. The Liberal Democrats also regained Stewards from Labour, a seat they had previously lost at a by-election.

Harlow local election result 1998
| Party | | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | 13 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 86.7 | 53.0 | 8,305 | 4.3 |
|  | Conservative | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6.7 | 27.1 | 4,248 | 3.8 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6.7 | 19.9 | 3,124 | 1.4 |

All comparisons in vote share are to the corresponding 1994 election.

## Ward results

### Brays Grove

Brays Grove
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Annie Howard** | **524** | **71.6** |
|  | Conservative | Ronald Tweed | 119 | 16.3 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Ian Jackson | 89 | 12.2 |
| Majority | | | 405 | 55.3 |
| Turnout | | | 732 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | |

### Hare Street

Hare Street
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **John Cave** | **422** | **65.9** |
|  | Conservative | David Roberts | 114 | 17.8 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Stanley Ward | 104 | 16.3 |
| Majority | | | 308 | 48.1 |
| Turnout | | | 640 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | |

### Katherines with Sumners

Katherines with Sumners
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Godfrey Hocking** | **445** | **44.2** |
|  | Conservative | Simon Carter | 419 | 41.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Harry Ackland-Snow | 143 | 14.2 |
| Majority | | | 26 | 2.6 |
| Turnout | | | 1,007 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | |

### Kingsmoor

Kingsmoor
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Andrew Johnson** | **576** | **43.4** |
|  | Labour | John Young | 574 | 43.2 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Linda Jones | 178 | 13.4 |
| Majority | | | 2 | 0.2 |
| Turnout | | | 1,328 |  |
|  | Conservative **gain** from Labour | | | |

### Latton Bush

Latton Bush
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Alan Frost** | **548** | **57.9** |
|  | Conservative | Pamela Norton | 272 | 28.7 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Paul Lawton | 127 | 13.4 |
| Majority | | | 276 | 29.1 |
| Turnout | | | 947 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | |

### Little Parndon

Little Parndon
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Mavis Carter** | **648** | **67.6** |
|  | Conservative | Charles Ross | 199 | 20.8 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Anthony Davis | 111 | 11.6 |
| Majority | | | 449 | 46.9 |
| Turnout | | | 958 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | |

### Mark Hall North

Mark Hall North
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Edith Morris** | **426** | **62.8** |
|  | Conservative | Anthony Gronland | 164 | 24.2 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Michael Atkinson | 88 | 13.0 |
| Majority | | | 262 | 38.6 |
| Turnout | | | 678 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | |

### Mark Hall South

Mark Hall South
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Caroline Vaughan** | **603** | **54.1** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Glennis George | 400 | 35.9 |
|  | Conservative | Dianne Crossingham | 111 | 10.0 |
| Majority | | | 203 | 18.2 |
| Turnout | | | 1,114 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | |

### Netteswell West

Netteswell West
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Derek Eardley** | **396** | **66.4** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Shiela Herbert | 110 | 18.5 |
|  | Conservative | Sue Livings | 90 | 15.1 |
| Majority | | | 286 | 48.0 |
| Turnout | | | 596 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | |

### Old Harlow (2 seats)

Old Harlow (2 seats)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Jonathan Simcox** | **780** |  |
|  | **Labour** | **Jacqueline Sully** | **749** |  |
|  | Conservative | Michael Garnett | 638 |  |
|  | Conservative | George Reynolds | 603 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Gareth Higgins | 206 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Nicholas Macy | 173 |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,149 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | |

### Passmores

Passmores
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Rob Collyer** | **574** | **63.6** |
|  | Conservative | Andrew Shannon | 190 | 21.0 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | David Arnold | 139 | 15.4 |
| Majority | | | 384 | 42.5 |
| Turnout | | | 903 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | |

### Potter Street

Potter Street
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Feroz Khan** | **681** | **41.2** |
|  | Conservative | Ronald Cross | 547 | 33.1 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | William Arnott | 425 | 25.7 |
| Majority | | | 134 | 8.1 |
| Turnout | | | 1,653 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | |

### Stewards

Stewards
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Audrey Curran** | **704** | **64.9** |
|  | Labour | Gregory Peck | 311 | 28.7 |
|  | Conservative | Stephen Butt | 69 | 6.4 |
| Majority | | | 393 | 36.3 |
| Turnout | | | 1,084 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats **gain** from Labour | | | |

### Tye Green

Tye Green
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Margaret Hickey** | **624** | **70.3** |
|  | Conservative | Vivien Ross | 137 | 15.4 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Valerie Scott | 127 | 14.3 |
| Majority | | | 487 | 54.8 |
| Turnout | | | 888 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | | |

## InfoBox

1998 Harlow District Council election
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| ---  14 of the 42 seats to Harlow District Council
17 seats needed for a majority | |
| First party Second party Third party   Party Labour Liberal Democrats Conservative  Last election *39* *3* *0*  Seats before *40* *2* *0*  Seats won **13** 1 1  Seats after **38** 3 1  Seat change 2 1 1  Popular vote **8,305** 3,124 4,248  Percentage **53.0%** 19.9% 27.1% | |
| ---  Map showing the results of contested wards in the 1998 Harlow District Council elections. | |
| ---  **Council control before election**
Labour
 **Council control after election**
Labour
 | |


abstract: The teams competing in Group 1 of the 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Championships qualifying competition are Albania, Azerbaijan, Croatia, Faroe Islands, Greece and Italy.

text:
# 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification Group 1

The teams competing in Group 1 of the **2009 UEFA European Under-21 Championships** qualifying competition are Albania, Azerbaijan, Croatia, Faroe Islands, Greece and Italy.

## Standings

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Italy | 10 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 21 | 5 | +16 | **24** |
| Croatia | 10 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 20 | 12 | +8 | **22** |
| Greece | 10 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 20 | 13 | +7 | **18** |
| Albania | 10 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 10 | 13 | −3 | **12** |
| Faroe Islands | 10 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 5 | 18 | −13 | **4** |
| Azerbaijan | 10 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 6 | 21 | −15 | **3** |

**Key:** **Pts** Points, **Pld** Matches played, **W** Won, **D** Drawn, **L** Lost, **GF** Goals for, **GA** Goals against, **GD** Goal Difference

## Matches

| Italy | 4 – 0 | Albania |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Acquafresca  8'
Dessena  17'
Criscito  35'
Lupoli  81' | Report |  |

E. Mannucci, PontederaReferee: Cyril Zimmermann (Switzerland)

| Greece | 4 – 1 | Azerbaijan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Christodoulopoulos  4', 89'
Yusifov  72' (o.g.)
Petropoulos  75' | Report | Abdullayev  56' |

Peristeri Stadium, AthensReferee: Mihaly Fabian (Hungary)

| Croatia | 2 – 0 | Faroe Islands |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Rukavina  24'
Begović  90+2' | Report |  |

Stadion Varteks, VaraždinReferee: Anthony Zammit (Malta)

---

| Croatia | 3 – 2 | Greece |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Iličević  25', 60'
Bušić  84' | Report | Aravidis  2'
Petropoulos  90' |

Stadion ŠRC Zaprešić, ZaprešićReferee: Jorge Sousa (Portugal)

| Albania | 1 – 0 | Faroe Islands |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bakaj  67' (pen.) | Report |  |

Stadiumi Ruzhdi Bizhuta, ElbasanReferee: Stelios Trifonos (Cyprus)

---

| Italy | 2 – 1 | Faroe Islands |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Russotto  21'
Cigarini  81' | Report | Hansen  31' |

Stadio Briamasco, TrentoReferee: Rusmir Mrković (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

| Azerbaijan | 0 – 2 | Greece |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Christodoulopoulos  10'
Aravidis  53' |

Tofik Bakhramov Stadium, BakuReferee: Marcin Borski (Poland)

| Albania | 1 – 0 | Croatia |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cani  75' | Report |  |

Stadiumi Ruzhdi Bizhuta, ElbasanReferee: Richard Havrilla (Slovakia)

---

| Albania | 0 – 1 | Italy |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Acquafresca  64' |

Stadiumi Niko Dovana, DurrësReferee: Robert Schörgenhofer (Austria)

| Croatia | 3 – 2 | Azerbaijan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tadić  12'
Iličević  21'
Abishov  45' (o.g.) | Report | Mammadov  34', 62' |

Stadion ŠRC Zaprešić, ZaprešićReferee: Serbastien Coltescu (Romania)

| Faroe Islands | 0 – 2 | Greece |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Petropoulos  30'
Papastathopoulos  39' |

Svangaskarð, ToftirReferee: Simon Evans (Wales)

---

| Italy | 2 – 0 | Croatia |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Acquafresca  39', 57' | Report |  |

Stadio Guido Angelini, ChietiReferee: Bernardino González Vázquez (Spain)

| Faroe Islands | 1 – 0 | Azerbaijan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Olsen  45' | Report |  |

Svangaskarð, ToftirReferee: Selçuk Dereli (Turkey)

---

| Greece | 2 – 2 | Italy |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Petropoulos  19'
Mitroglou  88' (pen.) | Report | Rossi  62'
Dessena  81' |

Leoforos Alexandras Stadium, AthensReferee: Wolfgang Stark (Germany)

| Azerbaijan | 1 – 1 | Albania |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Nadirov  74' | Report | Shoshi  81' |

Ismat Gayibov Stadium, BakuReferee: Robert Krajnc (Slovenia)

| Faroe Islands | 1 – 2 | Croatia |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hansen  4' | Report | Kalinić  14'
Bušić  21' |

Tórsvøllur, TórshavnReferee: Jiří Jech (Czech Republic)

---

| Italy | 5 – 0 | Azerbaijan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Amirguliyev  41' (o.g.)
Acquafresca  45+2'
Cerci  77'
Russotto  84'
Dessena  90+2' | Report |  |

Stadio Bruno Recchioni, FermoReferee: Leontios Trattou (Cyprus)

| Faroe Islands | 0 – 5 | Albania |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Sukaj  25', 49', 58'
Abilaliaj  51'
Progni  85' |

Svangaskarð, ToftirReferee: Albert Toussaint (Luxembourg)

| Greece | 3 – 4 | Croatia |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Petropoulos  31'
Tripotseris  47'
Dimoutsos  66' | Report | Ljubičić  4'
Bušić  42'
Rukavina  81', 84' |

Panionios Stadium, AthensReferee: Bjorn Kuipers (Netherlands)

---

| Azerbaijan | 0 – 1 | Croatia |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Bušić  85' |

Ismat Gayibov Stadium, BakuReferee: Tsvetan Georgiev (Bulgarian)

| Faroe Islands | 0 – 1 | Italy |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Pozzi  79' |

Tórsvøllur, TórshavnReferee: Mario Vlk (Slovakia)

| Greece | 2 – 1 | Albania |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Christodoulopoulos  28' (pen.)
Mitroglou  54' | Report | Sukaj  34' |

Leoforos Alexandras Stadium, AthensReferee: Veaceslav Banari (Moldova)

---

| Azerbaijan | 0 – 2 | Italy |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Rossi  18', 63' (pen.) |

Tofik Bakhramov Stadium, BakuReferee: Pavle Radovanović (Montenegro)

---

| Albania | 1 – 1 | Greece |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sukaj  65' | Report | Christodoulopoulos  25' |

Stadiumi Ruzhdi Bizhuta, ElbasanReferee: Asaf Kenan (Israel)

---

| Croatia | 4 – 0 | Albania |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ljubičić  14'
Iličević  59'
Smrekar  79'
Brezovec  83' | Report |  |

Stadion Varteks, VaraždinReferee: Augustus Viorel Constantin (Romania)

| Italy | 1 – 1 | Greece |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Balotelli  34' | Report | Christodoulopoulos  54' |

Stadio Teofilo Patini, Castel di SangroReferee: Jorge Sousa (Portugal)

| Azerbaijan | 2 – 2 | Faroe Islands |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Abishov  18'
Nadirov  32' | Report | Nielsen  25'
Hanssen  80' |

Tofik Bakhramov Stadium, BakuReferee: Siniša Zrnić (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

---

| Croatia | 1 – 1 | Italy |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tomasov  82' | Report | Motta  38' |

Stadion Varteks, VaraždinReferee: Said Ennjimi (France)

| Greece | 1 – 0 | Faroe Islands |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Petropoulos  55' | Report |  |

Kaisariani Stadium, AthensReferee: George Vadachkoria (Georgia)

| Albania | 0 – 0 | Azerbaijan |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Stadiumi Flamurtari, VlorëReferee: Gediminas Mažeika (Lithuania)

## Goalscorers

| Pos | Player | Country | Goals |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Lazaros Christodoulopoulos | Greece | 6 |
| | Antonis Petropoulos | Greece | |
| 3 | Xhevahir Sukaj | Albania | 5 |
| | Robert Acquafresca | Italy | |
| 5 | Tomislav Bušić | Croatia | 4 |
| | Ivo Iličević | Croatia | |
| 7 | Ante Rukavina | Croatia | 3 |
| | Daniele Dessena | Italy | |
| | Giuseppe Rossi | Italy | |
| 10 | Nodar Mammadov | Azerbaijan | 2 |
| | Vüqar Nadirov | Azerbaijan | |
| | Krešo Ljubičić | Croatia | |
| | Christos Aravidis | Greece | |
| | Kostantinos Mitroglou | Greece | |
| | Andrea Russotto | Italy | |

1 goal Own goals


title: 2018 Liverpool City Council election

abstract: The 2018 Liverpool City Council election took place on 3 May 2018 to elect members of Liverpool City Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections.

text:
# 2018 Liverpool City Council election

The **2018 Liverpool City Council election** took place on 3 May 2018 to elect members of Liverpool City Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections.

## Council composition

**Prior to** the election the composition of the council was:

| **79** | **4** | **4** | **2** | **1** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Lab** | **LD** | **G** | **L** | **I** |

**After** the election the composition of the council was:

| **76** | **7** | **4** | **2** | **1** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Lab** | **LD** | **G** | **L** | **I** |

## Election Results

### Overall election result

Overall result compared with 2016.

| Liverpool City Council election result, 2018 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Party | | Candidates | | | | | | Votes | | | | |
| | Stood | Elected | Gained | Unseated | Net | % of total | % | No. | Net % |
|  | Labour | 31 | 25 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 80.0 | 63.8 | 60,277 | 6.1 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | 31 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 10.0 | 16.6 | 15,673 | 0.1 |
|  | Green | 31 | 2 | 0 | 0 |  | 6.7 | 9.4 | 8,839 | 1.3 |
|  | Conservative | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | 0.0 | 5.4 | 5,088 | 1.1 |
|  | Liberal | 18 | 1 | 0 | 0 |  | 3.3 | 4.2 | 3,932 | 1.0 |
|  | Independent | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | 0.0 | 0.3 | 253 | 0.1 |
|  | TUSC | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | 0.0 | 0.2 | 197 | 1.8 |
|  | Old Swan Against the Cuts | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | 0.0 | 0.2 | 157 | 0.2 |

## Ward Results

### Allerton and Hunts Cross

Allerton and Hunts Cross
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Kimberley Berry** | **1,885** | **44.3** | **7.8** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Steve Brauner | 1,811 | 42.6 | 4.6 |
|  | Conservative | Denise Nuttall | 325 | 7.6 | 0.3 |
|  | Green | Maggi Williams | 232 | 5.5 | 1.0 |
| Majority | | | 74 | 1.7 | *N/A* |
| Registered electors | | | 11,589 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 4,259 | 36.8 | 2.8 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 6 | 0.1 | 1.0 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 6.2 |  |

### Anfield

Anfield
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Billy Marrat** | **1,777** | **80.0** | **4.7** |
|  | Conservative | Christopher Smith | 140 | 6.3 | 2.1 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Wiebke Rüterjans | 134 | 6.0 | 0.4 |
|  | Green | Rachel Burcher | 114 | 5.1 | 0.5 |
|  | Liberal | James Richardson | 56 | 2.5 | 3.7 |
| Majority | | | 1,721 | 73.7 | 4.6 |
| Registered electors | | | 9,212 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,228 | 24.2 | 0.3 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 7 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 2.3 |  |

### Belle Vale

Belle Vale
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | ***Pauline Walton*** | **2,574** | **82.6** | **17.6** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Stephen Atkinson | 227 | 7.3 | 4.1 |
|  | Conservative | Wendy Hine | 181 | 5.8 | 2.0 |
|  | Green | Hilary McDonagh | 94 | 3.0 | 3.4 |
|  | Liberal | Marjorie Peel | 40 | 1.3 | 1.4 |
| Majority | | | 2,347 | 75.3 | 21.7 |
| Registered electors | | | 11,547 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,132 | 27.1 | 2.5 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 16 | 0.5 | 0.1 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 10.9 |  |

### Central

Central
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | ***Nick Small*** | **1,066** | **67.9** | **1.6** |
|  | Green | Jayne Clough | 182 | 11.6 | 4.7 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Greg Howard | 119 | 7.6 | 2.2 |
|  | Conservative | Lee Berry | 118 | 7.5 | 1.8 |
|  | Independent | John Leadbeater | 84 | 5.4 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 884 | 56.3 | 3.1 |
| Registered electors | | | 9,766 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,572 | 16.1 | 0.7 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 3 | 0.2 | 0.8 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 1.6 |  |

### Childwall

Childwall
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Carole Storey** | **2,200** | **48.6** | **19.4** |
|  | Labour | *Frank Hont* | 1,956 | 43.2 | 9.5 |
|  | Green | Phil Williamson | 179 | 4.0 | 2.5 |
|  | Conservative | David Jeffery | 150 | 3.3 | 1.3 |
|  | Liberal | Lindsey Wood | 40 | 0.9 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 244 | 5.4 | *N/A* |
| Registered electors | | | 10,804 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 4,536 | 42.0 | 2.6 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 11 | 0.2 | 1.1 |
|  | Liberal Democrats **gain** from Labour | | Swing | 14.5 |  |

### Church

Church
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Liz Makinson** | **2,706** | **58.0** | **2.2** |
|  | Labour | Nigel Parsons | 1,474 | 31.6 | 3.9 |
|  | Green | Julie Birch-Holt | 321 | 6.9 | 1.3 |
|  | Conservative | Thomas Burton | 166 | 3.6 | 1.0 |
| Majority | | | 1,232 | 26.4 | 1.7 |
| Registered electors | | | 10,594 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 4,672 | 44.1 | 5.5 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 5 | 0.1 | 0.8 |
|  | Liberal Democrats **gain** from Labour | | Swing | 0.9 |  |

Thomas Burton, the Conservative party candidate for Church ward was ineligible to sit as a councillor as he was a Liverpool City Council employee.

### Clubmoor

Clubmoor
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | ***Roz Gladden*** | **2,136** | **83.1** | **9.8** |
|  | Liberal | Paul Jones | 129 | 5.0 | 2.1 |
|  | Conservative | Peter Andrew | 127 | 4.9 | 1.2 |
|  | Green | Esther Cosslett | 104 | 4.0 | 4.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Paul Childs | 75 | 2.9 | 4.3 |
| Majority | | | 2,007 | 78.1 | 13.4 |
| Registered electors | | | 11,243 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,583 | 23.0 | 3.6 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 12 | 0.5 | 1.6 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 6.7 |  |

### County

County
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | ***Gerard Woodhouse*** | **2,023** | **86.6** | **13.4** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Robert McAllister-Bell | 147 | 6.3 | 6.5 |
|  | Conservative | Olivia Lever | 85 | 3.6 |  |
|  | Green | Ceri Jones | 80 | 3.4 | 6.2 |
| Majority | | | 1,876 | 80.3 | 19.9 |
| Registered electors | | | 9,427 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,345 | 24.9 | 2.2 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 10 | 0.4 | 1.3 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 8.4 |  |

### Cressington

Cressington
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | ***Lynnie Hinnigan*** | **2,444** | **52.4** | **3.8** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Norman Mills | 1,566 | 33.6 | 3.2 |
|  | Green | Elke Weissmann | 342 | 7.3 | 2.1 |
|  | Conservative | Jade Marsden | 309 | 6.6 | 1.6 |
| Majority | | | 878 | 18.8 | 0.6 |
| Registered electors | | | 11,578 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 4,665 | 40.3 | 1.1 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 4 | 0.1 | 0.9 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 0.3 |  |

### Croxteth

Croxteth
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | ***Peter Mitchell*** | **2,120** | **82.9** | **9.0** |
|  | Conservative | Alice Day | 172 | 6.7 | 3.8 |
|  | Green | Martin Randall | 99 | 3.9 | 0.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Richard Bentall | 91 | 3.6 | 0.9 |
|  | Liberal | Raymond Catesby | 76 | 3.0 | 0.8 |
| Majority | | | 1,984 | 76.2 | 12.0 |
| Registered electors | | | 10,558 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,567 | 24.3 | 2.2 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 9 | 0.4 | 0.9 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 6.0 |  |

### Everton

Everton
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Ian Byrne** | **2,295** | **86.6** | **5.3** |
|  | Conservative | David Murray | 136 | 5.1 | 1.4 |
|  | Green | Noèl Little | 100 | 3.8 | 4.2 |
|  | Liberal | Linda Roberts | 60 | 2.3 | 4.7 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Nicolas Sawyer | 59 | 2.2 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 2,159 | 81.5 | 8.2 |
| Registered electors | | | 10,746 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,663 | 24.8 | 0.9 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 13 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 4.1 |  |

### Fazakerley

Fazakerley
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Lindsay Melia** | **2,219** | **83.2** | **10.5** |
|  | Conservative | Giselle McDonald | 177 | 6.6 | 3.6 |
|  | Green | Luke Burke | 115 | 4.3 | 0.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Joseph Slupsky | 108 | 4.0 | 6.3 |
|  | Liberal | Maureen Keyes | 49 | 1.8 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 2,042 | 76.6 | 14.2 |
| Registered electors | | | 11,252 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,677 | 23.8 | 2.7 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 9 | 0.3 | 0.7 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 7.1 |  |

### Greenbank

Greenbank
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Green** | ***Lawrence Brown*** | **1,648** | **48.2** | **18.0** |
|  | Labour | Jon Morris | 1,553 | 45.5 | 11.9 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Fiona McBride | 116 | 3.4 | 3.1 |
|  | Conservative | Nicholas Basson | 99 | 2.9 | 0.7 |
| Majority | | | 95 | 2.7 | *N/A* |
| Registered electors | | | 8,897 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,426 | 39.0 | 0.7 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 10 | 0.3 | 0.9 |
|  | Green **hold** | | Swing | 15.0 |  |

### Kensington and Fairfield

Kensington and Fairfield
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Sue Walker** | **1,768** | **76.1** | **5.1** |
|  | Green | Steve Faragher | 179 | 7.7 | 1.6 |
|  | Independent | Joe Owens | 114 | 4.9 | *New* |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Bill Barrow | 110 | 4.7 | 1.0 |
|  | Conservative | Brian Jones | 85 | 3.7 | 1.8 |
|  | Liberal | Damien Daly | 68 | 2.9 | 0.4 |
| Majority | | | 1,589 | 68.4 | 8.0 |
| Registered electors | | | 9,347 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,335 | 25.0 | 3.6 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 11 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 4.0 |  |

Three days before the election, Green Candidate Steve Faragher resigned from the Green Party due to an online comment. This was too late for the ballot paper to be changed.

### Kirkdale

Kirkdale
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | ***Malcolm Kennedy*** | **2,094** | **82.1** | **2.7** |
|  | TUSC | Roger Bannister | 149 | 5.8 | 4.3 |
|  | Green | Jonathan Clatworthy | 104 | 4.1 | 2.5 |
|  | Conservative | Daniel Nuttall | 103 | 4.0 | 0.2 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Mike McAllister-Bell | 76 | 3.0 | *New* |
|  | Liberal | Thomas Ryan | 23 | 0.9 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 1,945 | 76.3 | 7.0 |
| Registered electors | | | 11,370 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,557 | 22.5 | 2.7 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 8 | 0.3 | 1.0 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 3.5 |  |

### Knotty Ash

Knotty Ash \- 2 seats
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Alison Clarke** | **1,978** | **75.6** | **12.6** |
|  | **Labour** | **Harry Doyle** | **1,895** | **72.4** | **9.4** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Graham Hughes | 329 | 12.6 | 1.7 |
|  | Conservative | Mark Butchard | 272 | 10.4 | 6.5 |
|  | Conservative | Irene Stuart | 235 | 9.0 | 5.1 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Gerard Thompson | 182 | 7.0 | 7.3 |
|  | Green | Fiona Coyne | 154 | 5.9 | 1.9 |
|  | Green | Michael Humphrey Johnson | 116 | 4.4 | 0.4 |
|  | Liberal | Kenneth Russell | 79 | 3.0 | 0.5 |
| Majority | | | 1,649 | 58.6 | 9.9 |
| Registered electors | | | 10,599 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,624 | 24.9 | 5.2 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 8 | 0.2 | 1.1 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 5.0 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

After voting against the Labour Council Group Budget, Cllr. Alison Clarke resigned the Labour Whip on 22 April 2022 and joined the Community Independent Group.

Alison Clark resigned as a councillor on 10 November 2022.

### Mossley Hill

Mossley Hill
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Elizabeth Hayden** | **1,904** | **45.6** | **3.0** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Alisha Lewis | 1,462 | 35.0 | 5.1 |
|  | Green | Ted Grant | 440 | 10.5 | 9.2 |
|  | Conservative | Chris Hall | 260 | 6.2 | 0.3 |
|  | Liberal | David Wood | 106 | 2.5 | 0.6 |
| Majority | | | 442 | 10.6 | 2.1 |
| Registered electors | | | 9,410 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 4,172 | 44.4 | 0.8 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 7 | 0.2 | 0.9 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 1.1 |  |

### Norris Green

Norris Green
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | ***Barry Kushner*** | **2,344** | **85.8** | **17.5** |
|  | Green | Martyn Madeley | 142 | 5.2 | 3.7 |
|  | Conservative | Alma McGing | 132 | 4.8 | 1.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Sam Buist | 62 | 2.3 | *New* |
|  | Liberal | Brenda Jean Edwards | 51 | 1.9 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 2,202 | 80.6 | 24.1 |
| Registered electors | | | 12,116 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,746 | 22.7 | 2.8 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 15 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 12.1 |  |

### Old Swan

Old Swan
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | ***Joanne Calvert*** | **2,174** | **75.0** | **6.3** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Chris Collins | 162 | 5.6 | 2.9 |
|  | Old Swan Against the Cuts | Martin Ralph | 157 | 5.4 | 6.6 |
|  | Conservative | Derek Nuttall | 144 | 5.0 | 1.7 |
|  | Green | George Maxwell | 136 | 4.7 | 0.2 |
|  | Liberal | Irene Morrison | 126 | 4.3 | 1.7 |
| Majority | | | 2,012 | 69.4 | 12.7 |
| Registered electors | | | 11,220 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,910 | 25.9 | 5.0 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 11 | 0.4 | 1.6 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Picton

Picton
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Paul Kenyon** | **1,931** | **83.6** | **10.6** |
|  | Green | Paul Woodruff | 139 | 6.0 | 4.1 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Alex Cottrell | 88 | 3.8 | 4.3 |
|  | Conservative | Johnathan Andrew | 76 | 3.3 | 0.4 |
|  | Independent | Adam Heatherington | 55 | 2.4 | *New* |
|  | Liberal | Colin Edwards | 21 | 0.9 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 1,792 | 77.6 | 14.7 |
| Registered electors | | | 10,002 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,322 | 23.2 | 4.3 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 12 | 0.5 | 1.1 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 7.4 |  |

### Prince's Park

Prince's Park
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | ***Anna Rothery*** | **2,155** | **78.8** | **11.2** |
|  | Green | Stephanie Pitchers | 347 | 12.7 | 6.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Tom Sebire | 122 | 4.5 | 0.5 |
|  | Conservative | Beryl Pinnington | 111 | 4.1 | 0.7 |
| Majority | | | 1,808 | 66.1 | 17.8 |
| Registered electors | | | 10,715 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,753 | 25.7 | 4.5 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 18 | 0.7 | 1.0 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 8.9 |  |

### Riverside

Riverside
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | ***Hetty Wood*** | **2,601** | **79.5** | **2.9** |
|  | Green | Rebecca Lawson | 297 | 9.1 | 1.6 |
|  | Conservative | Robin Singleton | 194 | 5.9 | 2.3 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Anna McCracken | 181 | 5.5 | 0.4 |
| Majority | | | 2,304 | 70.4 | 4.5 |
| Registered electors | | | 14,170 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,286 | 23.2 | 4.2 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 13 | 0.4 | 0.8 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 2.3 |  |

### St. Michael's

St. Michael's
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Green** | ***Tom Crone*** | **2,205** | **58.3** | **3.7** |
|  | Labour | Stuart Fordham | 1,395 | 36.9 | 7.9 |
|  | Conservative | David Patmore | 99 | 2.6 | 0.5 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Norman Darbyshire | 82 | 2.2 | 1.7 |
| Majority | | | 810 | 21.4 | 11.6 |
| Registered electors | | | 9,810 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,789 | 38.6 | 0.7 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 8 | 0.2 | 0.7 |
|  | Green **hold** | | Swing | 5.8 |  |

### Speke-Garston

Speke-Garston
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | ***Doreen Knight*** | **2,634** | **82.8** | **3.9** |
|  | Green | Rachael Stretton | 184 | 5.8 | 2.7 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Alan Tormey | 184 | 5.8 | 2.1 |
|  | Conservative | James Craig | 178 | 5.6 | 0.9 |
| Majority | | | 2,450 | 77.0 | 6.6 |
| Registered electors | | | 13,792 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,189 | 23.1 | 2.9 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 9 | 0.3 | 0.9 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 3.3 |  |

### Tuebrook & Stoneycroft

Tuebrook and Stoneycroft
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **William Lake** | **2,524** | **64.0** | **14.3** |
|  | Labour | Don Porter | 1,283 | 32.6 | 16.1 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Pat Moloney | 50 | 1.3 | 0.2 |
|  | Green | Martin Dobson | 47 | 1.2 | 0.3 |
|  | Conservative | Elliot Craddock | 37 | 0.9 | 0.5 |
| Majority | | | 1,241 | 31.4 | 30.4 |
| Registered electors | | | 10,390 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,948 | 38.0 | 1.4 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 7 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | 15.2 |  |

### Warbreck

Warbreck
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Cheryl Didsbury** | **2,321** | **80.0** | **9.7** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Jerry Lonsdale | 228 | 7.9 | 6.2 |
|  | Conservative | McLean Wickham | 190 | 6.5 | 3.9 |
|  | Green | Jean Hill | 126 | 4.3 | 2.1 |
|  | Liberal | George Roberts | 38 | 1.3 | 1.1 |
| Majority | | | 2,093 | 72.1 | 15.9 |
| Registered electors | | | 11,122 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,916 | 26.2 | 2.1 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 13 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 8.0 |  |

### Wavertree

Wavertree
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Angela Coleman** | **2,122** | **62.5** | **8.9** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Graham Hulme | 653 | 19.2 |  |
|  | Green | David Morgan | 303 | 8.9 | 2.6 |
|  | Conservative | Stuart Wood | 247 | 7.3 | 2.7 |
|  | Liberal | Jonathan Mason | 72 | 2.1 | 5.5 |
| Majority | | | 1,469 | 43.3 | 8.9 |
| Registered electors | | | 10,510 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,409 | 32.4 | 3.1 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 12 | 0.4 | 0.9 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 4.5 |  |

### West Derby

West Derby
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | ***Pam Thomas*** | **2,243** | **69.9** | **10.8** |
|  | Conservative | Pauline Shuttleworth | 278 | 8.7 | 4.9 |
|  | Liberal | Ann Hines | 274 | 8.5 | 5.2 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Paul Parr | 260 | 8.1 | 1.7 |
|  | Green | Ellie Pontin | 107 | 3.3 | 0.6 |
|  | TUSC | Ann Barbara Walsh | 48 | 1.5 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 1,965 | 61.2 | 15.8 |
| Registered electors | | | 10,958 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,216 | 29.3 | 2.0 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 6 | 0.2 | 0.7 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 7.9 |  |

### Woolton

Woolton
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Kris Brown** | **2,148** | **50.5** | **3.9** |
|  | Labour | Colin McAlley | 1,394 | 32.8 | 3.4 |
|  | Conservative | Adam Marsden | 488 | 11.5 | 1.9 |
|  | Green | Jennifer Brown | 226 | 5.3 | 1.4 |
| Majority | | | 754 | 17.7 | 0.5 |
| Registered electors | | | 10,636 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 4,264 | 40.1 | 6.2 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 8 | 0.2 | 0.9 |
|  | Liberal Democrats **gain** from Labour | | Swing | 0.3 |  |

### Yew Tree

Yew Tree
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | ***Tony Conception*** | **2,414** | **81.3** | **7.8** |
|  | Conservative | Gillian Ferrigno | 244 | 8.2 | 1.7 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Jacqueline Wilson | 117 | 3.9 | 1.5 |
|  | Liberal | Sam Hawksford | 100 | 3.4 | 0.9 |
|  | Green | William Ward | 93 | 3.1 | 1.6 |
| Majority | | | 2,170 | 73.1 | 6.1 |
| Registered electors | | | 11,816 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,975 | 25.2 | 1.5 |
| Rejected ballots | | | 7 | 0.2 | 1.3 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | 3.1 |  |

*italics* denote a sitting councillor • **bold** denotes the winning candidate

1. "Allerton and Hunts Cross". *Liverpool City Council*. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
2. "Anfield". *Liverpool City Council*. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
3. "Belle Vale". *Liverpool City Council*. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
4. "Central". *Liverpool City Council*. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
5. "Childwall". *Liverpool City Council*. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
6. "Church". *Liverpool City Council*. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
7. "BBC news website". Archived from the original on 1 May 2018. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
8. "Clubmoor". *Liverpool City Council*. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
9. "County". *Liverpool City Council*. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
10. "Cressington". *Liverpool City Council*. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
11. "Everton". *Liverpool City Council*. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
12. "Fazakerley -". *Liverpool City Council*. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
13. "Greenbank -". *Liverpool City Council*. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
14. "Kensington and Fairfield -". *Liverpool City Council*. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
15. "Liverpool Green party candidate RESIGNS after 'appalling' disability comment". Liverpool Echo. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
16. "Candidate who resigned from Green party apologises but is still standing...for the Green party". Liverpool Echo. Archived from the original on 3 May 2018. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
17. "Kirkdale -". *Liverpool City Council*. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
18. "Knotty Ash -". *Liverpool City Council*. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
19. "Alison Clarke leaves Labour Group". *Liverpool City Council*. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
20. "Alison Clarke resigns Council seat". *Liverpool City Council*. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
21. "Mossley Hill -". *Liverpool City Council*. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
22. "Norris Green -". *Liverpool City Council*. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
23. "Old Swan -". *Liverpool City Council*. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
24. "Picton -". *Liverpool City Council*. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
25. "Princes Park -". *Liverpool City Council*. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
26. "Riverside -". *Liverpool City Council*. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
27. "St Michaels -". *Liverpool City Council*. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
28. "Speke-Garston -". *Liverpool City Council*. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
29. "Tuebrook and Stoneycroft -". *Liverpool City Council*. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
30. "Warbreck -". *Liverpool City Council*. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
31. "Wavertree -". *Liverpool City Council*. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
32. "West Derby -". *Liverpool City Council*. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
33. "Woolton -". *Liverpool City Council*. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
34. "Yew Tree - -". *Liverpool City Council*. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
35. "Liverpool City Council - Statement of Nominated Persons - Local Elections 2018". Archived from the original on 11 November 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2018.

## InfoBox

2018 Liverpool City Council election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  31 of 90 seats (One Third and one by-election)<br>to Liverpool City Council<br>46 seats needed for a majority | |
| Turnout | 28.9% (2.1%) |
| First party Second party   Leader Joe Anderson Richard Kemp  Party Labour Liberal Democrats  Leader's seat *N/A,<br>Mayor* Church  Last election 27 seats,<br>57.7% 3 seats,<br>16.7%  Seats before 79 4  Seats won 25 3  Seats after 76 7  Seat change 3 3  Popular vote 60,277 15,673  Percentage 63.8% 16.6%  Swing 6.1% 0.1%   ---  Third party Fourth party   Leader Tom Crone Steve Radford  Party Green Liberal  Leader's seat <br>St Michael's Tuebrook<br>and<br>Stoneycroft  Last election 1 seat,<br>10.7% 1 seat,<br>5.2%  Seats before 4 2  Seats won 2 1  Seats after 4 2  Seat change    Popular vote 8,839 3,932  Percentage 9.4% 4.2%  Swing 1.3% 1.0% | |
| ---  Map of results of 2018 election | |
| ---  **Control of Council before election**<br>Joe Anderson<br>Labour **Control of Council after Election** <br>Joe Anderson<br>Labour | |


abstract: The men's 400 metres event at the 2023 African Games was held on 18, 19 and 20 March 2024 in Accra, Ghana.

text:
# Athletics at the 2023 African Games – Men's 400 metres

The **men's 400 metres** event at the 2023 African Games was held on 18, 19 and 20 March 2024 in Accra, Ghana.

## Medalists

| **Gold** | **Silver** | **Bronze** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Chidi Okezie
Nigeria | Muzala Samukonga
Zambia | Cheikh Tidiane Diouf
Senegal |

## Results

### Heats

Held on 18 March
Qualification: First 3 in each heat (Q) and the next 6 fastest (q) advanced to the semifinals.

| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 5 | Cheikh Tidiane Diouf | Senegal | 45.64 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Chidi Okezie | Nigeria | 45.89 | Q |
| 3 | 6 | Muzala Samukonga | Zambia | 46.11 | Q |
| 4 | 6 | Hamza Dair | Morocco | 46.11 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | David Sanayek | Kenya | 46.18 | Q |
| 6 | 4 | Aaron Adoli | Uganda | 46.21 | Q |
| 7 | 1 | Gerren Muwishi | Zimbabwe | 46.23 | Q |
| 8 | 4 | Dubem Nwachukwu | Nigeria | 46.29 | Q |
| 9 | 3 | Kenneddy Kimeu | Kenya | 46.30 | Q |
| 10 | 5 | Ernest Kumevu | Botswana | 46.41 | Q |
| 11 | 6 | Gilles Anthony Afoumba | Republic of the Congo | 46.43 | Q |
| 12 | 6 | Omphile Seribe | Botswana | 46.45 | q |
| 13 | 1 | Boitumelo Masilo | Botswana | 46.46 | Q |
| 14 | 3 | El Hadji Malick Soumare | Senegal | 46.48 | Q |
| 15 | 4 | Kennedy Luchembe | Zambia | 46.60 | Q |
| 16 | 6 | Tumisang Shezi | South Africa | 46.68 | q |
| 17 | 1 | Sikiru Adeyemi | Nigeria | 46.72 | Q |
| 18 | 5 | Biruk Tadesse | Ethiopia | 46.84 | Q |
| 19 | 2 | Abdou Aziz N'diaye | Senegal | 47.05 | Q |
| 20 | 1 | Andre Retief | Namibia | 47.21 | q |
| 21 | 3 | Zuze Leeford | Zimbabwe | 47.29 | Q |
| 22 | 5 | Rachid Mhamdi | Morocco | 47.35 | q |
| 23 | 4 | Ivan Geldenhuys | Namibia | 47.56 | q |
| 24 | 1 | Abdennour Bendjemaa | Algeria | 47.59 | q |
| 25 | 1 | Amara Conte | Guinea | 47.65 |  |
| 26 | 2 | Caleb Vadivello | Seychelles | 47.66 |  |
| 27 | 2 | Anas Es Saddik Hammouni | Algeria | 47.69 |  |
| 28 | 2 | Dux Lutahezi | Namibia | 47.70 |  |
| 29 | 5 | Martin Owusu-Antwi | Ghana | 47.72 |  |
| 30 | 3 | Solomon Diafo | Ghana | 47.85 |  |
| 31 | 4 | Melkamu Assefa | Ethiopia | 48.06 |  |
| 32 | 1 | Godwin Hounthon | Benin | 48.20 |  |
| 33 | 3 | Yohannes Kiflemariam | Eritrea | 48.24 | NR |
| 34 | 3 | Fouad Hamada | Algeria | 48.37 |  |
| 35 | 6 | Derek Kargbo | Sierra Leone | 48.52 |  |
| 36 | 6 | Abate Addisu | Ethiopia | 48.68 |  |
| 37 | 5 | Simon Atwell | Zimbabwe | 48.91 |  |
| 38 | 3 | Yash Aubeeluck | Mauritius | 49.16 |  |
| 39 | 2 | Esmael Freitas | São Tomé and Príncipe | 49.26 |  |
| 40 | 5 | Nabine Tabiou | Togo | 49.44 |  |
| 41 | 3 | Abu Bakarr Sesay | Sierra Leone | 49.91 |  |
| 42 | 4 | Neil Azemia | Seychelles | 50.81 |  |
|  | 4 | Frank Addo | Ghana | DNS |  |

### Semifinals

Held on 19 March
Qualification: First 2 in each semifinal (Q) and the next 2 fastest (q) advanced to the final.

| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 3 | Muzala Samukonga | Zambia | 45.51 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Cheikh Tidiane Diouf | Senegal | 45.59 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | Chidi Okezie | Nigeria | 45.63 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | Boitumelo Masilo | Botswana | 45.87 | Q |
| 5 | 3 | Ernest Kumevu | Botswana | 45.89 | Q |
| 5 | 3 | Dubem Nwachukwu | Nigeria | 45.89 | Q |
| 7 | 3 | Aaron Adoli | Uganda | 45.95 | q |
| 8 | 1 | Gerren Muwishi | Zimbabwe | 46.16 |  |
| 9 | 2 | Gilles Anthony Afoumba | Republic of the Congo | 46.17 | Q |
| 10 | 2 | Kenneddy Kimeu | Kenya | 46.39 |  |
| 11 | 1 | Tumisang Shezi | South Africa | 46.40 |  |
| 12 | 1 | David Sanayek | Kenya | 46.48 |  |
| 13 | 2 | Hamza Dair | Morocco | 46.66 |  |
| 14 | 3 | Biruk Tadesse | Ethiopia | 46.77 |  |
| 15 | 3 | Rachid Mhamdi | Morocco | 46.84 |  |
| 16 | 1 | Abdou Aziz N'diaye | Senegal | 47.13 |  |
| 17 | 2 | Zuze Leeford | Zimbabwe | 47.25 |  |
| 18 | 2 | Omphile Seribe | Botswana | 47.28 |  |
| 19 | 2 | Abdennour Bendjemaa | Algeria | 47.48 |  |
| 20 | 1 | Ivan Geldenhuys | Namibia | 48.01 |  |
| 21 | 3 | Andre Retief | Namibia | 48.09 |  |
| 22 | 2 | El Hadji Malick Soumare | Senegal | 50.13 |  |
|  | 1 | Kennedy Luchembe | Zambia | DNF |  |
|  | 3 | Sikiru Adeyemi | Nigeria | DNF |  |

### Final

Held on 20 March

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 3 | Chidi Okezie | Nigeria | 45.06 |  |
|  | 5 | Muzala Samukonga | Zambia | 45.37 |  |
|  | 6 | Cheikh Tidiane Diouf | Senegal | 45.49 |  |
| 4 | 4 | Boitumelo Masilo | Botswana | 45.81 |  |
| 5 | 8 | Ernest Kumevu | Botswana | 46.09 |  |
| 6 | 1 | Aaron Adoli | Uganda | 46.16 |  |
| 7 | 2 | Gilles Anthony Afoumba | Republic of the Congo | 46.65 |  |
| 8 | 7 | Dubem Nwachukwu | Nigeria | 47.13 |  |


title: Esther Frances How

abstract: Esther Frances How, better known as Hester How, was a teacher who helped turn around delinquent boys in 19th-century Toronto. How was born in Ireland in 1848 to Thomas Ferguson How and Catherine J. How and immigrated to Canada West in 1849. How graduated from Toronto Normal School and began her teaching career in 1871. It was in 1879 when How was hired under the direction of Toronto Mayor William Holmes Howland and public school inspector James L. Hughes to help establish a school for troubled youth. This helped establish her as an advocate for troubled youth. It also helped steer youth away from trouble, away from being handled in the adult court system, and toward a juvenile justice system. The school she taught at was renamed after her in 1912, and she retired from teaching a year later. How died in Toronto in 1915, and was buried in St. James Cemetery.

text:
# Esther Frances How

**Esther Frances How** (January 29, 1848 – September 22, 1915), better known as **Hester How**, was a teacher who helped turn around delinquent boys in 19th-century Toronto.

How was born in Ireland in 1848 to Thomas Ferguson How and Catherine J. How and immigrated to Canada West in 1849. How graduated from Toronto Normal School and began her teaching career in 1871.

It was in 1879 when How was hired under the direction of Toronto Mayor William Holmes Howland and public school inspector James L. Hughes to help establish a school for troubled youth. This helped establish her as an advocate for troubled youth. It also helped steer youth away from trouble, away from being handled in the adult court system, and toward a juvenile justice system.

The school she taught at was renamed after her in 1912, and she retired from teaching a year later.

How died in Toronto in 1915, and was buried in St. James Cemetery.

## Legacy

Beside Hester How Public School (former Elizabeth Street Public School now demolished and located in what is the east entrance of Hospital for Sick Children), a day care centre at Toronto City Hall (opened 1990) is named after her.

## InfoBox

| Hester How | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Esther Frances How
(1849-01-29)January 29, 1849
Ireland |
| Died | September 22, 1915(1915-09-22) (aged 66)
Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Burial place | St. James Cemetery |
| Nationality | Canadian |
| Other names | Hessie How |
| Occupation | Educator |
| Known for | Public education for troubled youth in Ontario, juvenile court system |