title: 2014 Austin Aces season

abstract: The 2014 Austin Aces season was the 12th season of the franchise in World TeamTennis (WTT) and its first in Greater Austin, Texas after relocating from Orange County, California. The Aces had 6 wins and 8 losses and finished third in the Western Conference. They failed to qualify for the playoffs.

text:
# 2014 Austin Aces season

The **2014 Austin Aces season** was the 12th season of the franchise in World TeamTennis (WTT) and its first in Greater Austin, Texas after relocating from Orange County, California.

The Aces had 6 wins and 8 losses and finished third in the Western Conference. They failed to qualify for the playoffs.

## Season recap

### Relocation to Austin and trade for Roddick

On November 21, 2013, WTT announced that entrepreneur Lorne Abony had purchased the Orange County Breakers and relocated them to Austin, Texas renaming the team the Austin Aces. Concurrent with the announcement of the move of the franchise, the Aces announced that they had acquired Andy Roddick in a trade with the Springfield Lasers in exchange for financial consideration. Roddick, a resident of Austin, said, "The fans and team in Springfield were great to me, and I really appreciate their support. Austin, however, is my home, and I am excited to be able to play here in front of my friends and family. I have played Mylan World TeamTennis since I was a teenager, and I believe in the way this league connects with community and provides kids access to professional tennis." Although the WTT press release mentioned that the Aces and Lasers would also swap positions in the Marquee Player Draft (improving the Lasers' draft position), this was not reflected when the league later reported the results of that draft.

### Lloyd hired as coach

On December 30, 2013, the Aces announced they had hired John Lloyd as the team's head coach.

### Cedar Park Center becomes new home venue

On January 8, 2014, the Aces announced that they would play their home matches at the Cedar Park Center in Cedar Park, Texas. The Aces mentioned in the press release that the team considered playing home matches in a climate-controlled, indoor facility as a key factor to its success on the court as well as for the enjoyment of the fans, since Austin often experiences very hot weather during the summer.

### Drafts

With the Breakers having the best record among non-playoff teams at 7 wins and 7 losses in 2013, the Aces had the fourth selection in each round of the Marquee Player Draft. In the first round, the Aces protected Andy Roddick. In the second round, they selected Marion Bartoli. With WTT contracting the Las Vegas Neon, the Aces moved up one spot and had the third selection in each round of the Roster Player Draft. The Aces selected Vera Zvonareva and Eva Hrdinová in the first two rounds and protected Treat Huey in the third round. They passed on making a fourth round selection.

### Leach replaces Lloyd

On July 5, 2014, the Aces announced that John Lloyd would be unable to serve as the team's coach due to a knee injury. Rick Leach was signed to replace Lloyd.

### Free agent player signings

On July 5, 2014, the Aces announced that they had signed 2012 WTT Male Rookie of the Year John-Patrick Smith as a substitute player.

On July 20, 2014, the Aces signed Jesse Witten as a substitute player.

On July 21, 2014, the Aces signed Varvara Lepchenko as a substitute player.

On July 23, 2014, the Aces signed Jason Jung as a substitute player.

### First match as the Aces

On July 7, 2014, the Aces played their first match representing Greater Austin on the road against the San Diego Aviators in what was the first match for that franchise since moving from New York City. Andy Roddick was the first player to take the court representing the Aces but lost the opening set of men's singles. Vera Zvonareva took the second set of women's singles for the Aces. But the Aviators dominated the rest of the match, winning the final three sets on their way to a 23–11 victory.

### Home opener

The Aces played their first home match at Cedar Park Center on July 8, 2014, against the Springfield Lasers. Andy Roddick took the opening set of men's singles. The match was tied at 14 heading to the final set of women's singles which Vera Zvonareva won, 5–3, to give the Aces a 19–17 victory.

### Losing streak

After winning their first two home matches to improve their record to 2 wins and 1 loss, the Aces lost 1o straight sets in their fourth and fifth matches, both at home, in losing to the Washington Kastles, 25–10, and the Philadelphia Freedoms, 25–11. Although the Aces won the opening set of their next match against the Springfield Lasers on the road, they fell to their third consecutive defeat, 21–13, dropping their record to 2 wins and 4 losses.

### Loss to the Lobsters

After defeating the Boston Lobsters at home in the opening match of a home and home series, the Aces lost to them on the road giving Boston its only win all season. Following falling behind 10–0 after the first two sets, the Aces staged a frantic comeback taking the next three sets to cut the Lobsters' lead to 19–15, and send the match to overtime. Eva Hrdinová and Treat Huey won the first three games of overtime in mixed doubles to cut the lead to 19–18, before Megan Moulton-Levy and Rik de Voest broke through for the Lobsters to avoid a super tiebreaker.

### Playoff push

After 11 matches, the Aces found themselves with 4 wins and 7 losses, having lost two straight and six of their previous eight matches. Nevertheless, with three matches remaining, all on the road, they still had an opportunity to reach the playoffs. The Aces got started with a 22–16 victory over their in-state rivals, the Texas Wild. The Aces took four of the five sets in the match. Eva Hrdinová paired with Treat Huey in mixed doubles and with Vera Zvonareva in women's doubles for a couple of set wins. Zvonareva won the women's singles set. Huey teamed with Jesse Witten, who was making his Aces debut, to close out the match with a set win in men's doubles. The win gave the Aces a sweep of their two road matches against the Wild. They lost their only home match against Texas.

The following night, the Aces avenged their home loss against the Philadelphia Freedoms by earning a 21–18 road victory over a team that had dominated them earlier in the season. Varvara Lepchenko won the women's singles set in her Aces debut. Huey teamed with Hrdinová in mixed doubles and Andy Roddick in men's doubles for two set wins. The victory improved the Aces' record to 6 wins and 7 losses and kept them in the playoff race.

On the final day of the regular season, the Aces needed the Boston Lobsters to take a win on the road against the Springfield Lasers to remain in the playoff hunt. The Lasers took care of business, 25–7, to eliminate the Aces. Later that evening, the Aces lost their final match of the season to the San Diego Aviators, 22–12, to finish with 6 wins and 8 losses.

## Event chronology

## Draft picks

Since the Breakers had the best record among non-playoff teams at 7 wins and 7 losses in 2013, the Aces had the fourth selection in each round of the WTT Marquee Player Draft and moved up to third in the Roster Player Draft after the contraction of the Las Vegas Neon.

### Marquee player draft

The Aces protected Andy Roddick after acquiring him in a trade with the Springfield Lasers. They also drafted Marion Bartoli. The selections made by the Aces are shown in the table below.

| Round | No. | Overall | Player chosen | Prot? |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | 4 | Andy Roddick | Y |
| 2 | 4 | 12 | Marion Bartoli | N |

### Roster player draft

The Aces protected Treat Huey making him the only holdover player from the 2013 Orange County Breakers. They also drafted Vera Zvonareva and Eva Hrdinová. The selections made by the Aces are shown in the table below.

| Round | No. | Overall | Player chosen | Prot? |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 3 | 3 | Vera Zvonareva | N |
| 2 | 3 | 10 | Eva Hrdinová | N |
| 3 | 3 | 17 | Treat Huey | Y |
| 4 | 3 | 24 | Pass |  |

## Match log

| Legend | |
| --- | --- |
| Aces Win | Aces Loss |
| Home team in CAPS | |

| Match | Date | Venue and location | Result and details | Record |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | July 7 | Valley View Casino Center
San Diego, California | **SAN DIEGO AVIATORS 23**, Austin Aces 11
* MS: **Somdev Devvarman (Aviators) 5**, Andy Roddick (Aces) 2
* WS: **Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 5**, Daniela Hantuchová (Aviators) 3
* XD: **Raven Klaasen/Květa Peschke (Aviators) 5**, Andy Roddick/Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 2
\*** Vera Zvonareva substituted for Eva Hrdinová at 2–4
* WD: **Daniela Hantuchová/Květa Peschke (Aviators) 5**, Eva Hrdinová/Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 2
* MD: **Somdev Devvarman/Raven Klaasen (Aviators) 5**, Andy Roddick/Treat Huey (Aces) 0 | 0–1 |
| 2 | July 8 | Cedar Park Center
Cedar Park, Texas | **AUSTIN ACES 19**, Springfield Lasers 17
* MS: **Andy Roddick (Aces) 5**, Michael Russell (Lasers) 2
* MD: **Ross Hutchins/Michael Russell (Lasers) 5**, Treat Huey/Andy Roddick (Aces) 2
* XD: **Marion Bartoli/Treat Huey (Aces) 5**, Olga Govortsova/Ross Hutchins (Lasers) 2
\*** Marion Bartoli substituted for Vera Zvonareva at 0–0
* WD: **Līga Dekmeijere/Olga Govortsova (Lasers) 5**, Marion Bartoli/Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 2
* WS: **Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 5**, Olga Govortsova (Lasers) 3 | 1–1 |
| 3 | July 9 | Cedar Park Center
Cedar Park, Texas | **AUSTIN ACES 20**, San Diego Aviators 18
* MD: **Somdev Devvarman/Raven Klaasen (Aviators) 5**, Rick Leach/Andy Roddick (Aces) 2
\***Rick Leach substituted for Treat Huey at 2–2
* MS: **Andy Roddick (Aces) 5**, Somdev Devvarman (Aviators) 3
* XD: **Květa Peschke/Raven Klaasen (Aviators) 5**, Marion Bartoli/Andy Roddick (Aces) 3
* WD: **Marion Bartoli/Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 5**, Daniela Hantuchová/Květa Peschke (Aviators) 3
* WS: **Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 5**, Daniela Hantuchová (Aviators) 2 | 2–1 |
| 4 | July 11 | Cedar Park Center
Cedar Park, Texas | **Washington Kastles 25**, AUSTIN ACES 10
* MS: **Bobby Reynolds (Kastles) 5**, Andy Roddick (Aces) 3
* MD: **Leander Paes/Bobby Reynolds (Kastles) 5**, Treat Huey/Andy Roddick (Aces) 4
* XD: **Martina Hingis/Leander Paes (Kastles) 5**, Vera Zvonareva/Treat Huey (Aces) 1
* WD: **Martina Hingis/Anastasia Rodionova (Kastles) 5**, Eva Hrdinova/Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 1
* WS: **Martina Hingis (Kastles) 5**, Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 1 | 2–2 |
| 5 | July 12 | Cedar Park Center
Cedar Park, Texas | **Philadelphia Freedoms 25**, AUSTIN ACES 11
* MD: **Frank Dancevic/Marcelo Melo (Freedoms) 5**, Treat Huey/Andy Roddick (Aces) 3
* MS: **Frank Dancevic (Freedoms) 5**, Andy Roddick (Aces) 3
* XD: **Liezel Huber/Marcelo Melo (Freedoms) 5**, Marion Bartoli/Treat Huey (Aces) 1
\*** Treat Huey substituted for Andy Roddick at 1–0
* WD: **Liezel Huber/Taylor Townsend (Freedoms) 5**, Eva Hrdinová/Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 2
* WS: **Taylor Townsend (Freedoms) 5**, Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 2 | 2–3 |
| 6 | July 13 | Mediacom Stadium at Cooper Tennis Complex
Springfield, Missouri | **SPRINGFIELD LASERS 21**, Austin Aces 13
* MD: **Treat Huey/Andy Roddick (Aces) 5**, James Blake/Michael Russell (Lasers) 3
* WS: **Olga Govortsova (Lasers) 5**, Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 1
* MS: **Andy Roddick (Aces) 5**, James Blake (Lasers) 3
* WD: **Līga Dekmeijere/Olga Govortsova (Lasers) 5**, Eva Hrdinová/Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 2
* XD: **Olga Govortsova/James Blake (Lasers) 5**, Vera Zvonareva/Andy Roddick (Aces) 0 | 2–4 |
| 7 | July 14 | Cedar Park Center
Cedar Park, Texas | **AUSTIN ACES 22**, Boston Lobsters 18
* MS: **Andy Roddick (Aces) 5**, Rik de Voest (Lobsters) 2
* MD: **Treat Huey/Andy Roddick (Aces) 5**, Eric Butorac/Rik de Voest (Lobsters) 3
* XD: **Megan Moulton-Levy/Eric Butorac (Lobsters) 5**, Marion Bartoli/Treat Huey (Aces) 3
* WD: **Sharon Fichman/Megan Moulton-Levy (Lobsters) 5**, Marion Bartoli/Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 4
* WS: **Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 5**, Sharon Fichman (Lobsters) 3 | 3–4 |
| 8 | July 15 | Boston Lobsters Tennis Center at the Manchester Athletic Club
Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts | **BOSTON LOBSTERS 20**, Austin Aces 18 (overtime)
* MS: **Rik de Voest (Lobsters) 5**, John-Patrick Smith (Aces) 0
* WD: **Sharon Fichman/Megan Moulton-Levy (Lobsters) 5**, Eva Hrdinová/Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 0
* MD: **Treat Huey/John-Patrick Smith (Aces) 5**, Eric Butorac/Rik de Voest (Lobsters) 3
* WS: **Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 5**, Sharon Fichman (Lobsters) 2
* XD: **Eva Hrdinová/Treat Huey (Aces) 5**, Megan Moulton-Levy/Rik de Voest (Lobsters) 4
\*** Rik de Voest substituted for Eric Butorac at 3–2
* OT – XD: **Eva Hrdinová/Treat Huey (Aces) 3**, Megan Moulton-Levy/Rik de Voest (Lobsters) 1 | 3–5 |
| 9 | July 17 | Four Seasons Resort and Club Dallas at Las Colinas
Irving, Texas | **Austin Aces 23**, TEXAS WILD 22 (super tiebreaker, 7–4)
* MS: **John-Patrick Smith (Aces) 5**, Alex Bogomolov, Jr. (Wild) 4
* WD: **Eva Hrdinová/Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 5**, Darija Jurak/Anabel Medina Garrigues (Wild) 4
* MD: **Alex Bogomolov, Jr./Aisam Qureshi (Wild) 5**, Treat Huey/John-Patrick Smith (Aces) 2
* WS: **Anabel Medina Garrigues (Wild) 5**, Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 4
* XD: **Eva Hrdinová/Treat Huey (Aces) 5**, Anabel Medina Garrigues/Aisam Qureshi (Wild) 4
\*** Anabel Medina Garrigues substituted for Darija Jurak at 1–2
* OT – XD: **Eva Hrdinová/Treat Huey (Aces) 1**, Anabel Medina Garrigues/Aisam Qureshi (Wild) 0
* STB – XD: **Eva Hrdinová/Treat Huey (Aces) 7**, Anabel Medina Garrigues/Aisam Qureshi (Wild) 4 | 4–5 |
| 10 | July 18 | Cedar Park Center
Cedar Park, Texas | **Texas Wild 23**, AUSTIN ACES 12
* MS: **Alex Bogomolov, Jr. (Wild) 5**, Andy Roddick (Aces) 3
* MD: **Treat Huey/Andy Roddick (Aces) 5**, Alex Bogomolov, Jr./Aisam Qureshi (Wild) 3
* XD: **Anabel Medina Garrigues/Aisam Qureshi (Wild) 5**, Marion Bartoli/Treat Huey (Aces) 1
* WD: **Darija Jurak/Anabel Medina Garrigues (Wild) 5**, Marion Bartoli/Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 2
* WS: **Anabel Medina Garrigues (Wild) 5**, Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 1 | 4–6 |
| 11 | July 19 | Cedar Park Center
Cedar Park, Texas | **San Diego Aviators 22**, AUSTIN ACES 18
* MS: **Somdev Devvarman (Aviators) 5**, Andy Roddick (Aces) 4
* MD: **Somdev Devvarman/Raven Klaasen (Aviators) 5**, Treat Huey/Andy Roddick (Aces) 4
* XD: **Vera Zvonareva/Treat Huey (Aces) 5**, Květa Peschke/Raven Klaasen (Aviators) 2
* WD: **Daniela Hantuchová/Květa Peschke (Aviators) 5**, Marion Bartoli/Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 2
* WS: **Daniela Hantuchová (Aviators) 5**, Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 3 | 4–7 |
| 12 | July 20 | Four Seasons Resort and Club Dallas at Las Colinas
Irving, Texas | **Austin Aces 22**, TEXAS WILD 16
* XD: **Eva Hrdinová/Treat Huey (Aces) 5**, Anabel Medina Garrigues/Alex Bogomolov, Jr. (Wild) 3
\*** Alex Bogomolov, Jr. substituted for Aisam Qureshi at 3–4
* WD: **Eva Hrdinová/Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 5**, Darija Jurak/Anabel Medina Garrigues (Wild) 3
* MS: **Alex Bogomolov, Jr. (Wild) 5**, Jesse Witten (Aces) 2
* WS: **Vera Zvonareva (Aces) 5**, Anabel Medina Garrigues (Wild) 2
* MD: **Treat Huey/Jesse Witten (Aces) 5**, Alex Bogomolov, Jr./Aisam Qureshi (Wild) 3 | 5–7 |
| 13 | July 21 | The Pavilion
Radnor Township, Pennsylvania | **Austin Aces 21**, PHILADELPHIA FREEDOMS 18
* MS: **Frank Dancevic (Freedoms) 5**, Andy Roddick (Aces) 4
* WS: **Varvara Lepchenko (Aces) 5**, Taylor Townsend (Freedoms) 2
* XD: **Eva Hrdinová/Treat Huey (Aces) 5**, Liezel Huber/Marcelo Melo (Freedoms) 3
* WD: **Liezel Huber/Taylor Townsend (Freedoms) 5**, Eva Hrdinová/Varvara Lepchenko (Aces) 2
* MD: **Treat Huey/Andy Roddick (Aces) 5**, Frank Dancevic/Marcelo Melo (Freedoms) 3 | 6–7 |
| 14 | July 23 | Valley View Casino Center
San Diego, California | **SAN DIEGO AVIATORS 22**, Austin Aces 12
* MS: **Somdev Devvarman (Aviators) 5**, Jason Jung (Aces) 0
* WD: **Eva Hrdinová/Varvara Lepchenko (Aces) 5**, Květa Peschke/Daniela Hantuchová (Aviators) 2
* XD: **Bob Bryan/Květa Peschke (Aviators) 5**, Treat Huey/Eva Hrdinová (Aces) 2
* WS: **Daniela Hantuchová (Aviators) 5**, Varvara Lepchenko (Aces) 3
* MD: **Bob Bryan/Mike Bryan (Aviators) 5**, Jason Jung/Treat Huey (Aces) 2 | 6–8 |

## Team personnel

*Reference:*

### On-court personnel

### Front office

* Lorne Abony – Owner
* Kerry Schneider – General Manager

**Notes:**

## Statistics

Players are listed in order of their game-winning percentage provided they played in at least 40% of the Aces' games in that event, which is the WTT minimum for qualification for league leaders in individual statistical categories.

Men's singles

| Player | GP | GW | GL | PCT | A | DF | BPW | BPP | BP% | 3APW | 3APP | 3AP% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Andy Roddick | 79 | 39 | 40 | .494 | 16 | 3 | 7 | 19 | .368 | 9 | 17 | .529 |
| John-Patrick Smith | 14 | 5 | 9 | .357 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 4 | .250 | 2 | 5 | .400 |
| Jesse Witten | 7 | 2 | 5 | .286 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | .500 | 0 | 1 | .000 |
| Jason Jung | 5 | 0 | 5 | .000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | .000 | 0 | 2 | .000 |
| Total | 105 | 46 | 59 | .438 | 22 | 8 | 9 | 27 | .333 | 11 | 25 | .440 |

Women's singles

| Player | GP | GW | GL | PCT | A | DF | BPW | BPP | BP% | 3APW | 3APP | 3AP% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Vera Zvonareva | 87 | 42 | 45 | .483 | 3 | 17 | 16 | 33 | .485 | 10 | 24 | .417 |
| Varvara Lepchenko | 15 | 8 | 7 | .533 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 5 | .600 | 4 | 5 | .800 |
| Total | 102 | 50 | 52 | .490 | 5 | 18 | 19 | 38 | .500 | 14 | 29 | .483 |

Men's doubles

| Player | GP | GW | GL | PCT | A | DF | BPW | BPP | BP% | 3APW | 3APP | 3AP% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Treat Huey | 104 | 49 | 55 | .471 | 22 | 5 | 9 | 28 | .321 | 8 | 24 | .333 |
| Andy Roddick | 77 | 35 | 42 | .455 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 19 | .316 | 5 | 19 | .263 |
| Jesse Witten | 8 | 5 | 3 | .625 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | .667 | 0 | 1 | .000 |
| John-Patrick Smith | 15 | 7 | 8 | .467 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | .250 | 1 | 3 | .333 |
| Jason Jung | 7 | 2 | 5 | .286 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | .000 | 2 | 3 | .667 |
| Rick Leach | 3 | 0 | 3 | .000 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |  | 0 | 2 | .000 |
| Total | 107 | 49 | 58 | .458 | 31 | 11 | 9 | 28 | .321 | 8 | 26 | .308 |

Women's doubles

| Player | GP | GW | GL | PCT | A | DF | BPW | BPP | BP% | 3APW | 3APP | 3AP% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Eva Hrdinová | 63 | 24 | 39 | .381 | 4 | 12 | 5 | 13 | .385 | 7 | 16 | .438 |
| Vera Zvonareva | 87 | 32 | 55 | .368 | 1 | 6 | 9 | 24 | .375 | 8 | 21 | .381 |
| Varvara Lepchenko | 14 | 7 | 7 | .500 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | .500 | 1 | 2 | .500 |
| Marion Bartoli | 38 | 15 | 23 | .395 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 13 | .385 | 2 | 7 | .286 |
| Total | 101 | 39 | 62 | .386 | 7 | 25 | 10 | 26 | .385 | 9 | 23 | .391 |

Mixed doubles

| Player | GP | GW | GL | PCT | A | DF | BPW | BPP | BP% | 3APW | 3APP | 3AP% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Eva Hrdinová | 53 | 29 | 24 | .547 | 2 | 10 | 5 | 15 | .333 | 8 | 16 | .500 |
| Treat Huey | 86 | 42 | 44 | .488 | 11 | 6 | 9 | 31 | .290 | 11 | 25 | .440 |
| Marion Bartoli | 35 | 13 | 22 | .371 | 0 | 7 | 4 | 17 | .235 | 5 | 12 | .417 |
| Vera Zvonareva | 19 | 6 | 13 | .316 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | .143 | 1 | 6 | .167 |
| Andy Roddick | 21 | 6 | 15 | .286 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 | .125 | 3 | 9 | .333 |
| Total | 107 | 48 | 59 | .449 | 16 | 24 | 10 | 39 | .256 | 14 | 34 | .412 |

Team totals

| Event | GP | GW | GL | PCT | A | DF | BPW | BPP | BP% | 3APW | 3APP | 3AP% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's singles | 105 | 46 | 59 | .438 | 22 | 8 | 9 | 27 | .333 | 11 | 25 | .440 |
| Women's singles | 102 | 50 | 52 | .490 | 5 | 18 | 19 | 38 | .500 | 14 | 29 | .483 |
| Men's doubles | 107 | 49 | 58 | .458 | 31 | 11 | 9 | 28 | .321 | 8 | 26 | .308 |
| Women's doubles | 101 | 39 | 62 | .386 | 7 | 25 | 10 | 26 | .385 | 9 | 23 | .391 |
| Mixed doubles | 107 | 48 | 59 | .449 | 16 | 24 | 10 | 39 | .256 | 14 | 34 | .412 |
| Total | 522 | 232 | 290 | .444 | 81 | 86 | 57 | 158 | .361 | 56 | 137 | .409 |

## Transactions

## Individual achievements

Eva Hrdinová was fifth in WTT in game-winning percentage in mixed doubles.

## Charitable support

During each night of the 2014 season, the WTT team with the most aces received US$1,000 toward a local charity of the team's choice as part of a program called Mylan Aces. In the case of a tie, the award was split accordingly. The Aces earned $5,500 for the Andy Roddick Foundation through the program.

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20. "Match Statistics: July 18, 2014 – Texas Wild @ Austin Aces". *World TeamTennis*. Archived from the original on February 23, 2015. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
21. "Match Statistics: July 19, 2014 – San Diego Aviators @ Austin Aces". *World TeamTennis*. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
22. "2014 Players". *World TeamTennis*. Archived from the original on February 9, 2010. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
23. *Mylan WTT Media Guide 2014* (PDF). World TeamTennis. 2014. p. 28. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-01. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
24. "2014 Austin Aces Stats". *World TeamTennis*. Archived from the original on June 1, 2016. Retrieved February 24, 2015.
25. "2014 League Leaders". *World TeamTennis*. Archived from the original on 2016-09-07. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
26. "Mylan Aces". *World TeamTennis*. Archived from the original on December 21, 2014. Retrieved February 27, 2015.

## InfoBox

| 2014 Austin Aces season | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | 3rd Western |
| Record | |
| 2014 record | 6 wins, 8 losses |
| Home record | 3 wins, 4 losses |
| Road record | 3 wins, 4 losses |
| Games won–lost | 232–290 |
| Team info | |
| Owner(s) | Lorne Abony |
| General manager | Kerry Schneider |
| Coach | Rick Leach |
| Stadium | Cedar Park Center
(capacity: 5,226) |
| Average attendance | 2,155 |
|


title: Bagthorpe Gardens

abstract: Bagthorpe Gardens is a group of allotments, about 1.8 miles (2.9 km) north-east of the centre of Nottingham. It is listed Grade II* in Historic England's Register of Parks and Gardens. The entry listing remarks that the allotments are "a significant surviving example of a once abundant but now extremely rare type of garden, of which there are only four other registered examples".

text:
# Bagthorpe Gardens

**Bagthorpe Gardens** is a group of allotments, about 1.8 miles (2.9 km) north-east of the centre of Nottingham. It is listed Grade II\* in Historic England's Register of Parks and Gardens. The entry listing remarks that the allotments are "a significant surviving example of a once abundant but now extremely rare type of garden, of which there are only four other registered examples".

## Background

James Orange, the independent minister of Barker Gate Chapel in Nottingham, wrote a pamphlet "A Plea for the Poor" (1841), in which he advocated the provision of allotments for poor people, at a time of depression in the framework knitting trade. The plots would be a quarter of an acre; Orange calculated that this size could support a family for 13 weeks, supplementing a worker's main occupation during a depressed period. The scheme was supported by some landowners.

## History and description

The allotments were created in 1842, when Ichabod Charles Wright of Mapperley Hall made land available for 60 allotment gardens. In 1870, 24 more plots were created north of Haydn Road. These were built over by 1915, and more plots were lost to housing during the 1920s and 1930s.

There are now 36 gardens, in an area of about 1.9 hectares (4.7 acres), in three rows from north to south. There are entrances from Haydn Road to the north and from Clandon Drive and Aubrey Road to the south. West Avenue runs along the west side of the first row, and East Avenue runs between the second and third rows. The plots are separated by hedges, and most are still in cultivation. In about thirteen gardens the 19th-century brick-built "bothies" survive, of which about three still have fireplaces.

## Other listed garden allotments

## InfoBox

| Bagthorpe Gardens | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | Allotments |
| Location | Nottingham |
| OS grid | SK 56813 42689 |
| Coordinates | 52°58′43″N 1°9′19″W / 52.97861°N 1.15528°W / 52.97861; -1.15528 |
| Area | 1.9 hectares (4.7 acres) |
| Designation | Grade II\* |


title: 1996 Raleigh murders

abstract: The 1996 Raleigh murders were a series of six murders and several rapes targeted towards female residents of the Raleigh, North Carolina area occurring from January to December 1996. At the time, the investigating authorities believed the killings to be the work of a serial killer, and the cases were investigated under that belief. In 1997, a homeless drifter named John Williams Jr. was arrested for attempted murder and became the prime suspect in the case. He was later indicted for two of the murders and was convicted the following year, receiving the death penalty. As other evidence emerged, it was revealed that multiple people perpetrated the murders as Leaman Evans was convicted for the sole murder of Dewanna Burt. The other three murders of Dawn Grandy, Cynthia Brown and Patricia Woods are still unsolved.

text:
# 1996 Raleigh murders

The **1996 Raleigh murders** were a series of six murders and several rapes targeted towards female residents of the Raleigh, North Carolina area occurring from January to December 1996. At the time, the investigating authorities believed the killings to be the work of a serial killer, and the cases were investigated under that belief.

In 1997, a homeless drifter named **John Williams Jr.** was arrested for attempted murder and became the prime suspect in the case. He was later indicted for two of the murders (Patricia Ashe and Deborah Elliot) and was convicted the following year, receiving the death penalty. As other evidence emerged, it was revealed that multiple people perpetrated the murders as Leaman Evans was convicted for the sole murder of Dewanna Burt. The other three murders of Dawn Grandy, Cynthia Brown and Patricia Woods are still unsolved.

## Murders

On January 7, 1996, the nude body of 33-year-old Patricia Ashe, a crack cocaine user and suspected prostitute, was discovered laying on a bench by local Raleigh resident Rodney Bass. Under her body was a pair of jeans and a long sleeve t-shirt. An autopsy was conducted on Ashe's body, which concluded she had been strangled to death. Scratches and scrapes were also located on her body, indicating she had put up a fight with her killer.

Days later, on January 17, the body of 36-year-old Dewanna Burt was found in a parking lot on Poole Road, with a single gunshot wound to the back of the head. On June 13, the body of 38-year-old Patricia Gwendolyn Woods was discovered inside Oakwood Cemetery, which was across the street from where she lived.

On July 13, a transient found the body of 30-year-old Dawn Marie Grandy in a homeless camp under Morgan Street bridge. In August, an unidentified woman was found dead too. It was not until January 9 the following year when she was identified as 32-year-old Cynthia Louise Brown. The murders went quiet in the months after and emerged again in December 1996. On December 23, 1996, Deborah Jean Elliot spoke with her sisters about Christmas plans.

Afterward, Elliot left her home late at night to meet with one of her sisters. She never showed up, and in the days after, Elliot was not seen. On December 26, Elliot's body was found completely nude except for her socks and shoes. Her murder was shocking, as family members could not think of anyone wanting to hurt Elliot, as they described her as a dedicated mother of three. At the same time, it was suspected she had worked as a prostitute.

## Investigation

In the days after Elliot's murder, Raleigh police investigated the six killings under speculation of a possible serial killer active in the city. Police began speculating on a serial killer after similarities in each case were noticed, as all the victims were African-American women who were somewhat involved in prostitution. With the help of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), they created a psychological profile of the killer. The city's police assigned 54 detectives to investigate the case, and authorities rewarded $6,000 for information leading to an arrest.

Now fearing a serial killer was on the loose, investigators investigated numerous suspects, reportedly conducting over 6,000 interviews and upping the surveillance. During the investigation, the killer was linked to numerous rapes committed around the city since October 1995.

## Suspects

### Leaman Evans

In January 1997, police arrested 60-year-old Leaman Evans in connection with the January 17, 1996, murder of Dewanna Burt. Evans was originally investigated as a suspect in Burt's death, and her family was acquainted with Evans. Evans confessed to killing Burt, thus solving one of the six cases. In August 1997 Evans pleaded guilty to voluntary manslaughter and received 23 to 27 months in prison.

### John Williams Jr.

| John Williams Jr. | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1961-02-20) February 20, 1961<br>Augusta, Georgia, U.S. |
| Criminal status | Incarcerated |
|  | |
| Conviction(s) | First degree murder (2 counts) |
| Criminal penalty | Death |
| Details | |
| Country | United States |
| State(s) | North Carolina |
| Imprisoned at | Central Prison |
|  | |

On February 4, 1997, a woman named Shelly Jackson was drinking and doing drugs outside a store near Moore Square. Around this time, a black man approached and started a conversation with Jackson, inviting her to do cocaine with him in a secluded area. Jackson agreed and followed the man to a fenced-in lot that was filled with abandoned vehicles, but once inside an abandoned truck, Jackson was attacked by the man, who proceeded to grab her neck and pull out a weapon, which according to Jackson looked like a razor blade.

According to Jackson, the man exclaimed, "Shut up... I got you now. I'm going to kill you." He demanded her to remove her clothes, to which she refused and attempted to fight him off. At the same time, Raleigh Police Sgt. T.C. Earnhart was driving past the area. Jackson noticed his police car and fought off her attacker, running towards the vehicle while screaming for help. Earnhart pulled over after noticing Jackson's screams for help. When Earnhart confronted Jackson, she was frantically telling him that a man was trying to kill her. Earnhart had noticed the man, who by then had fled, but Earnhart immediately radioed for backup.

Within minutes, police, who were now scouting out the area, found a man wandering around with blood on his shirt and promptly arrested him. The man was taken to the police station, where Jackson identified him as the man who attacked her. The man was identified as 35-year-old John Williams Jr., a native of Augusta, Georgia. At the time of the attack, he was homeless and was, at the time, drifting across North Carolina, primarily in the Raleigh area. He had a prior 1977 conviction for rape in his native state. Investigators noticed similarities in the attack to the murders in the area at the time.

While Williams was in jail awaiting trial for the attempted murder charge, on March 19, he was additionally charged with first-degree murder for the killing of Patricia Ashe. Authorities also charged him with another murder, that of Debra Elliot. DNA evidence that was taken from Williams matched forensic evidence that was left at Elliot's scene, and it also matched evidence found at four rape scenes.

## Trial

The trial for John Williams opened in late January 1998. Prosecutors sought the death penalty. Williams defense brought in two mental health specialists to prove that Williams was not in the right state of mind during the murders. They brought up Williams' childhood, during which he endured a lot of abuse by his stepfather. He had watched his sister being sexually assaulted, which according to one of the psychiatrists, made Williams feel powerless.

They also contested that Williams' IQ was measured at 80, which was considerably low on the intelligence scale. His defense also doubted the evidence that was used to arrest Williams, swaying the jury the not jump the gun by the DNA evidence. They brought up the victim's history of exchanging money for sex and pointed out that the DNA evidence only proved that Williams had sex with the victims at one point.

At the end of the trial, Williams was found guilty by the seven men and five women jury, and they ultimately decided Williams deserved the death penalty. He was sentenced to death for both murders and was additionally convicted in the rape of two other women but was acquitted in one attempted rape case. As of 2023, Williams remains on North Carolina's death row awaiting execution.

1. "Police Charge Man in One of Six Raleigh Slayings". *WRAL-TV*. February 6, 1997. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
2. "This serial rapist and killer who sparked fear among Raleigh women in the 1990s remains on death row". *WTVD*. March 15, 2019. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
3. "Man Charged with Second Raleigh Murder, Suspect in Two Other 1996 Slayings". *WRAL-TV*. March 18, 1997. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
4. Sukey Stephens & Angela Paik (July 8, 1996). "Woman's body found near tracks". *The News & Observer*.
5. "UNSOLVED". *The News & Observer*. July 13, 1996. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
6. "Six who died". *The News & Observer*. January 26, 1997. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
7. "Murder Victim Knew Suspect". *WRAL-TV*. January 9, 1997. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
8. "Leman Evans confessed to killing Dewanna Burt". *WRAL-TV*. January 10, 1997. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
9. Anne Saker (August 28, 1997). "Still no arrests in 3 of 6 murders that shook Raleigh". *The News & Observer*.
10. "North Carolina Offender Public Information". *North Carolina Department of Correction*. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
11. Ann Saker (March 4, 1998). "Deliberations begin today over killer's fate". *The News & Observer*.
12. "Accused in Two Murders, Williams May Be Linked to Others". *WRAL-TV*. March 19, 1997. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
13. "Williams Double Murder Trial Begins". *WRAL-TV*. January 27, 1998. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
14. Ann Saker (February 26, 1998). "Murder trial winds down". *The News & Observer*.

## InfoBox

| 1996 Raleigh murders | |
| --- | --- |
| Victims, left to right: Patricia Ashe, Dewanna Burt, Patricia Woods, Dawn Grandy, Cynthia Brown, and Deborah Elliot | |
| Location | Raleigh, Wake County, North Carolina |
| Date | January 7 – December 23, 1996 |
| Target | Prostitutes |
| Attack type | Serial killings |
| Deaths | 6 |
| Perpetrators | Multiple |
| Convictions | Murder (2 counts), |
| Sentence | Death |
|  | |


title: 1990 Benson and Hedges Open

abstract: The 1990 Benson & Hedges Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the ASB Tennis Centre in Auckland in New Zealand and was part of the World Series of the 1990 ATP Tour. The tournament ran from 8 January through 14 January 1990. Eighth-seeded Scott Davis won the singles title.

text:
# 1990 Benson and Hedges Open

The **1990 Benson & Hedges Open** was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the ASB Tennis Centre in Auckland in New Zealand and was part of the World Series of the 1990 ATP Tour. The tournament ran from 8 January through 14 January 1990. Eighth-seeded Scott Davis won the singles title.

## Finals

### Singles

Scott Davis defeated  Andrei Chesnokov 4–6, 6–3, 6–3

* It was Davis' 1st title of the year and the 13th of his career.

### Doubles

Kelly Jones /  Robert Van't Hof defeated  Gilad Bloom /  Paul Haarhuis 7–6, 6–0

* It was Jones' 1st title of the year and the 5th of his career. It was Van't Hof's 1st title of the year and the 7th of his career.

## InfoBox

| 1990 Benson and Hedges Open | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 8–14 January |
| Edition | 23rd |
| Category | World Series |
| Draw | 32S / 16D |
| Prize money | $125,000 |
| Surface | Hard / outdoor |
| Location | Auckland, New Zealand |
| Venue | ASB Tennis Centre |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Scott Davis | |
| Doubles | |
| Kelly Jones /  Robert Van't Hof | |
|  | |


title: 2002 French presidential election

abstract: Presidential elections were held in France on 21 April 2002, with a runoff election between the top two candidates, incumbent Jacques Chirac of the Rally for the Republic and Jean-Marie Le Pen of the National Front, on 5 May. This presidential contest attracted a greater than usual amount of international attention because of far-right candidate Le Pen's unexpected appearance in the runoff election. Chirac ran for a second term, reduced to five years instead of seven previously by a 2000 referendum, emphasising a strong economy. It was widely expected that Chirac and Lionel Jospin, the outgoing cohabitation Prime Minister and nominee of the Socialist Party, would be the most popular candidates in the first round, thus going on to face each other in the runoff, with opinion polls showing a hypothetical Chirac versus Jospin second round too close to call. However, Jospin unexpectedly finished in third place behind Le Pen. Journalists and politicians claimed polls had failed to predict Le Pen's second-place finish in the general election, though his strong stance could be seen in the week prior to the election. This led to serious discussions about polling techniques and the climate of French politics. Although Le Pen's political party, the National Front, described itself as mainstream conservative, non-partisan observers largely agreed in defining it as a far-right and nationalist party. As a protest, almost all French political parties called for their supporters to vote against Le Pen, most notably the Socialists, who were traditionally billed as the archrivals to Chirac's party. Chirac thus went on to win in the largest landslide in a presidential election in French history, winning over 82% of the vote. The National Front would not appear again in the second round of the presidential election until 2017. After Chirac's victory, no French president would win a second term until Emmanuel Macron in 2022.

text:
# 2002 French presidential election

Presidential elections were held in France on 21 April 2002, with a runoff election between the top two candidates, incumbent Jacques Chirac of the Rally for the Republic and Jean-Marie Le Pen of the National Front, on 5 May. This presidential contest attracted a greater than usual amount of international attention because of far-right candidate Le Pen's unexpected appearance in the runoff election.

Chirac ran for a second term, reduced to five years instead of seven previously by a 2000 referendum, emphasising a strong economy (mostly unaffected by downturns in Germany and the United States). It was widely expected that Chirac and Lionel Jospin, the outgoing cohabitation Prime Minister and nominee of the Socialist Party, would be the most popular candidates in the first round, thus going on to face each other in the runoff, with opinion polls showing a hypothetical Chirac versus Jospin second round too close to call. However, Jospin unexpectedly finished in third place behind Le Pen. Journalists and politicians claimed polls had failed to predict Le Pen's second-place finish in the general election, though his strong stance could be seen in the week prior to the election. This led to serious discussions about polling techniques and the climate of French politics.

Although Le Pen's political party, the National Front, described itself as mainstream conservative, non-partisan observers largely agreed in defining it as a far-right and nationalist party. As a protest, almost all French political parties called for their supporters to vote against Le Pen, most notably the Socialists, who were traditionally billed as the archrivals to Chirac's party. Chirac thus went on to win in the largest landslide in a presidential election in French history (greater even than that of Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte in 1848, the first by direct ballot), winning over 82% of the vote.

The National Front would not appear again in the second round of the presidential election until 2017. After Chirac's victory, no French president would win a second term until Emmanuel Macron in 2022.

## Background

The 2002 election was the first for which the president would be elected to a five-year, instead of a seven-year, term.

In the months before the election, the campaign had increasingly focused on questions of law and order, with a particular focus on crimes committed by young people, especially those of foreign origin. Lionel Jospin was, at the time, Prime Minister of France; the Jospin government was criticised for its "softness" on crime by its political opponents. Reporting on the TF1 and France2 television channel and other media also emphasized the alleged crime wave.

## Opinion polls

First round  Second round (Chirac–Jospin)

## Results

The first round of the election (on 21 April), which saw an exceptional number of 16 candidates, came as a shock to many commentators, almost all of whom had expected the second ballot to be between Jacques Chirac and Lionel Jospin. Indeed, it was this very expectation that led to Jospin's downfall, with a plethora of "small party" left candidates (independent socialists and republicans, Green, Communist, Trotskyist, radical etc.) all intending to support him in the second round, but to raise their profile in the first, like Jean-Pierre Chevènement and Christiane Taubira. They cumulatively took enough votes away from Jospin to (unintentionally) prevent him from reaching the second round, which he could have won. Instead Jean-Marie Le Pen faced Chirac in the second ballot. The election brought the opinion polls and two-round voting system into question as well as raising many concerns about apathy and the way in which the left had become so divided as a result of the over democratical refusal of Jospin to strategically ask the nearest small parties of his own government coalition to withdraw, like the preceding leaders of the left had done for such an election.

There was a widespread stirring of national public opinion, and more than one million people in France took part in street rallies, in an expression of fierce opposition to Le Pen's ideas. Some held up protest signs stating "I'm ashamed to be French," which parodied Le Pen's party slogan, "Proud to be French." Spontaneous street protests began in the night from 21 to 22 April, then on 22 April and 23, then as follows:

* 24 April: 60,000 people in the streets protesting against Le Pen's success
* 25 April: 250,000 people in the streets protesting against Le Pen's success
* 27 April: 200,000 people in the streets protesting against Le Pen's success (including 45,000 in Paris)
* 1 May:
    + Approximately 20,000 people turned out for the National Front's yearly demonstration in Paris in honor of Joan of Arc and in support of Le Pen.
    + Between 900,000 (according to the Ministry of the Interior) and 1,300,000 people (according to syndicates) turned up to the Labor Day demonstrations and against the National Front. Hundreds of thousands of people who normally did not take part in such demonstrations came, in addition to the usual unions. In Paris, 500,000 people were seen in the streets, one of the greatest protest since the Liberation of Paris; the march was so big it had to be divided in three parts to reach the place de la Bastille. In another unusual sight for 1 May demonstrations, French tricolour flags were commonplace.

The choice between Chirac, who was under suspicion for actions carried out whilst he was mayor of Paris but benefited from presidential immunity as long as he stayed president, and Le Pen, a nationalist often accused of racism and antisemitism, was one that many found tough. Some people suggested going to vote with a clothes peg on their noses to express disgust when voting for Chirac, but this may have been illegal, because it is prohibited to advertise one's vote inside the voting precinct. In the days before the second ballot, a memorable poster was put up of Chirac with the slogan "Vote for the Crook, not the Fascist". Chirac defeated Le Pen by a landslide.

| Candidate | | Party | First round | | Second round | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | | % | Votes | % |
|  | Jacques Chirac | Rally for the Republic | 5,665,855 | 19.88 | 25,537,956 | 82.21 |
|  | Jean-Marie Le Pen | National Front | 4,804,713 | 16.86 | 5,525,032 | 17.79 |
|  | Lionel Jospin | Socialist Party | 4,610,113 | 16.18 |  | |
|  | François Bayrou | Union for French Democracy | 1,949,170 | 6.84 |  | |
|  | Arlette Laguiller | Workers' Struggle | 1,630,045 | 5.72 |  | |
|  | Jean-Pierre Chevènement | Citizens' Movement | 1,518,528 | 5.33 |  | |
|  | Noël Mamère | The Greens | 1,495,724 | 5.25 |  | |
|  | Olivier Besancenot | Revolutionary Communist League | 1,210,562 | 4.25 |  | |
|  | Jean Saint-Josse | Hunting, Fishing, Nature and Traditions | 1,204,689 | 4.23 |  | |
|  | Alain Madelin | Liberal Democracy | 1,113,484 | 3.91 |  | |
|  | Robert Hue | French Communist Party | 960,480 | 3.37 |  | |
|  | Bruno Mégret | National Republican Movement | 667,026 | 2.34 |  | |
|  | Christiane Taubira | Radical Party of the Left | 660,447 | 2.32 |  | |
|  | Corinne Lepage | Cap21 | 535,837 | 1.88 |  | |
|  | Christine Boutin | Forum of Social Republicans | 339,112 | 1.19 |  | |
|  | Daniel Gluckstein | Workers' Party | 132,686 | 0.47 |  | |
| Total | | | 28,498,471 | 100.00 | 31,062,988 | 100.00 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | | 28,498,471 | 96.62 | 31,062,988 | 94.61 |
| Invalid/blank votes | | | 997,262 | 3.38 | 1,769,307 | 5.39 |
| Total votes | | | 29,495,733 | 100.00 | 32,832,295 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | | | 41,194,689 | 71.60 | 41,191,169 | 79.71 |
| Source: List of candidates **·**  First round result **·**  Second round result | | | | | | |

### First round

#### By department

#### By region

### Second round

#### By department

#### By region

## Further reading

* Bélanger, Éric, et al. "Party, ideology, and vote intentions: Dynamics from the 2002 French Electoral Panel." *Political Research Quarterly* 59.4 (2006): 503–515.
* Durand, Claire, André Blais, and Mylène Larochelle. "The polls in the 2002 French presidential election: An autopsy." *Public Opinion Quarterly* 68.4 (2004): 602–622. Online
* Etienne, Anne. "Do Election Results Represent People's Political Ideologies? A Study of the French 2002 Presidential Elections." *French Politics* 5.1 (2007): 20–32.
* Gaffney, John, ed. *The French Presidential and Legislative Elections of 2002* (2004)
* Gschwend, Thomas, and Dirk Leuffen. "Divided we stand–unified we govern? Cohabitation and regime voting in the 2002 French elections." *British Journal of Political Science* 35.4 (2005): 691–712. Online
* Laver, Michael, Kenneth Benoit, and Nicolas Sauger. "Policy competition in the 2002 French legislative and presidential elections." *European Journal of Political Research* 45.4 (2006): 667–697.
* Lewis-Beck, M. ed. *The French Voter: Before and After the 2002 Elections* (2004).
* Miguet, A. (October 2002). "The French Elections of 2002: After the Earthquake, the Deluge". *West European Politics*. **25** (4): 207–220. doi:10.1080/713601633. S2CID 154297248.

### Official results

### Commentary

## InfoBox

2002 French presidential election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Turnout | 71.60% (first round) 6.78 pp
79.71% (second round) 0.05 pp |
| Nominee **Jacques Chirac** Jean-Marie Le Pen   Party RPR FN  Popular vote **25,537,956** 5,525,032  Percentage **82.21%** 17.79% | |
| --- | |
| ---  **President before election**
Jacques Chirac
RPR **Elected President**
Jacques Chirac
RPR | |


title: Eric Weston

abstract: Sir Eric Weston was a British civil servant and judge. He was an Indian Civil Service officer. He was the first Chief Justice of the Punjab and Haryana High Court.

text:
# Eric Weston

**Sir Eric Weston** (8 December 1892 – 20 October 1976) was a British civil servant and judge. He was an Indian Civil Service officer. He was the first Chief Justice of the Punjab and Haryana High Court.

## Biography

He completed his B.A. from Cambridge University and went on to join the Indian Civil Service.

He is chiefly notable for being the very first Chief Justice of the Punjab and Haryana High Court.

He served as a justice of Bombay High Court from 1943 to 1950. From 1950 to 1952, he was the first Chief Justice of the Punjab High Court from 1950 to 1952, when he retired. He was knighted in 1954.

## InfoBox

| Eric Weston | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | London, England |
| Nationality | English |
| Occupation | judge |


title: 2018 Ethiopian rally grenade attack

text:
# 2018 Ethiopian rally grenade attack

On 23 June 2018, a large popular pro-government rally at Meskel Square for the support of political reform of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, was attacked by an assailant using a grenade. The grenade exploded just 17 metres away from the stage. Shortly afterwards, the assailant was taken away by security officials. The attack was the first attempted assassination of an Ethiopian national leader in modern Ethiopian history, after similar incidents during Haile Selassie and Derg era.

The attack resulted in the deaths of two people and injured 44 other people, although Ahmed was unharmed. Local media reported that the assailant wore a police uniform, and had tried to throw the grenade toward the stage where the Prime Minister and other officials were located.

In September 2018, the national prosecutors charged five suspects in the case with terrorism, connected to the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) who sought its leadership in the country after being outlawed by the EPRDF regime.

## Event

An explosion of grenade has struck the large supporter of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed in pro-government rally at Meskel Square in Addis Ababa on 23 June 2018. The explosion occurred at 17 metres away while Abiy Ahmed sat down after delivering speech on stage about his the recent political reform. After wrapping up his speech, Abiy then taken away by security personnel and other officials. Local media reported that the assailant impersonated in police uniform and tried to throw grenade on the stage after Abiy finishing his speech. Security officials believed that the attack targeted the Prime Minister and no individual or group has claimed responsibility immediately. Shortly afterwards, the area heavily filled with security presence and public transportation in the area halted as police started investigating the scene.

According to initial source, one person died from the attack and 10 others injured. However, later, the Minister of Health Amir Aman confirmed the deaths of two people and 44 were injured by the attack; the one died at Black Lion Hospital. The attack is an attempt assassination of national leader of a country. It is the first time in federal Ethiopia, although numerous attempt coups were occurred throughout its history remarkably during Haile Selassie era in 1928, 1960 and the Derg under Mengistu Haile Mariam in 1976 and 1989.

## Aftermath and reactions

Directly following the attack, Ahmed addressed the event on state television, describing it as an "unsuccessful attempt by forces who do not want to see Ethiopia united. The people who did this are anti-peace forces. You need to stop doing this. You weren’t successful in the past and you won’t be successful in the future". The Prime Minister Chief of Staff Fitsum Arega posted on Twitter that an unidentified assailant launched the attack at the rally. The rally organizer, Seyoum Teshome, said that "the target was the prime minister because the suspect was aiming to throw the grenade by the right side of the stage where he was sitting". Witness reported that the crowd physically attacked the assailant while injured victims taken to hospital.

On 28 September 2018, the national prosecutors charged five suspects over the incident: Getu Girma, Birhanu Jafar, Tilahun Getachew, Bahiru Tollosa, and Desalegn Teafaye. The prosecutor said the suspects did not believe Abiy would protect Oromo interests, and said they wanted the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF), which is outlawed by the national government of EPRDF regime, to assume leadership of the country. Under Abiy's reform, OLF has been removed from the country's list of "terrorist organization" and exiled members of the party have been allowed to return to their country.

## InfoBox

| 2018 Ethiopian rally grenade attack | |
| --- | --- |
| Meskel Square in 2023 | |
| Location | Meskel Square, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |
| Coordinates | 9°00′36″N 38°45′41″E / 9.0101°N 38.7614°E / 9.0101; 38.7614 |
| Date | 23 June 2018 (2018-06-23) <br>17:00 (EAT) |
| Target | Abiy Ahmed |
| Attack type | Attempt assassination |
| Weapons | Grenade |
| Deaths | 2 |
| Injured | 44 |
| Motive | Unknown |
| Charges | * Getu Girma * Birhanu Jafar * Tilahun Getachew * Bahiru Tollosa * Desalegn Teafaye |


title: Ezekiel 45

abstract: Ezekiel 45 is the forty-fifth chapter of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet/priest Ezekiel, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. The final section of Ezekiel, chapters 40-48, give the ideal picture of a new temple. The Jerusalem Bible refers to this section as "the Torah of Ezekiel". In particular, chapters 44–46 record various laws governing the rites and personnel of the sanctuary, as a supplement to Ezekiel's vision. This chapter contains Ezekiel's vision of the portion of land reserved for the sanctuary, for the city, and for the prince, and the ordinances for the prince. The vision was given on the 25th anniversary of Ezekiel's exile, "April 28, 573 BCE", 14 years after the fall of Jerusalem and 12 years after the last messages of hope in chapter 39.

text:
# Ezekiel 45

**Ezekiel 45** is the forty-fifth chapter of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet/priest Ezekiel, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. The final section of Ezekiel, chapters 40-48, give the ideal picture of a new temple. The Jerusalem Bible refers to this section as "the Torah of Ezekiel". In particular, chapters 4446 record various laws governing the rites and personnel of the sanctuary, as a supplement to Ezekiel's vision.

This chapter contains Ezekiel's vision of the portion of land reserved for the sanctuary (Ezekiel 45:1-5), for the city (verse 6), and for the prince (verses 7–8), and the ordinances for the prince (verses 9-25). The vision was given on the 25th anniversary of Ezekiel's exile, "April 28, 573 BCE", 14 years after the fall of Jerusalem and 12 years after the last messages of hope in chapter 39.

## Text

The original text was written in the Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 25 verses.

### Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (**B**; $\mathfrak {G}$B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (**A**; $\mathfrak {G}$A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (**Q**; $\mathfrak {G}$Q; 6th century).

## The allotment of land (45:1–8)

This section is a shortened form of the instructions in Ezekiel 48:8–22, which specifies the land allotted to the priests, because "they shall own no patrimony in Israel" (Ezekiel 44:28). The location of the land lay between those allotted to the tribe of Judah and Benjamin.

### Verse 1

*"Moreover, when you divide the land by lot into inheritance, you shall set apart a district for the Lord, a holy section of the land; its length shall be twenty-five thousand cubits, and the width ten thousand. It shall be holy throughout its territory all around."* * "Cubit": here is a "long cubit", about 21 inches (53 cm), as defined in Ezekiel 40:5.
* "25000 cubits": about 8 miles (13 km).
* "Length": east-west measurement.
* "Width": north-south measurement.

### Verse 2

*"Of this there shall be a square plot for the sanctuary, five hundred by five hundred rods, with fifty cubits around it for an open space."* * The measuring rod is six long cubits, about 126 inches or 10.5 feet (3.2 m).

## The princes' tasks (45:9–17)

In this section, the princes are warned not to set themselves above the law, but instead, to enforce the law.

## Temple purification and festivals (45:18–25)

This section sets up a ritual calendar. The first three verses (18–20) of this part are related to Ezekiel 43:18–27 regarding the sacrifices to purify the temple, just as ordered to purify the altar. The instruction is followed by the regulations for 2 annual festivals, that all adult males are ordered to attend as pilgrimage, in verses 21–25.

### Verse 18

*Thus says the Lord God: In the first month, on the first day of the first month, you shall take a young bull without blemish and cleanse the sanctuary.*

The start of the ritual calendar is marked by the annual temple cleansing in first day of the first month (pointing to a spring new (ecclesiastical) year in the month of Nisan), similar to the Yom Kippur of the seventh month (Leviticus 16), but with two significant differences:

1. the cleansing is confined to the court and exterior of the temple
2. the cleansing is linked to the observance of the Passover two weeks later (15 Nisan; verses 21–24), not to Rosh Hashanah (the civil new year on the first day of the seventh month/Tishrei) or enthronement festival.

### Verse 21

*"In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, you shall observe the Passover, a feast of seven days; unleavened bread shall be eaten."*

### Verse 25

*"In the seventh month, on the fifteenth day of the month, at the feast, he shall do likewise for seven days, according to the sin offering, the burnt offering, the grain offering, and the oil."*     1. Halley, Henry H. *Halley's Bible Handbook*: an Abbreviated Bible Commentary. 23rd edition. Zondervan Publishing House. 1962.
2. *Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook*. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.
3. Galambush, S., *Ezekiel* in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), The Oxford Bible Commentary Archived 2017-11-22 at the Wayback Machine, pp. 534
4. J. D. Davis. 1960. *A Dictionary of the Bible*. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House.
5. Theodore Hiebert, et al. 1996. *The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume VI*. Nashville: Abingdon
6. Jerusalem Bible (1966), Sub-heading for chapters 40-48 and footnote a at chapter 40
7. Carley 1974, p. 292.
8. Robert Jamieson, Andrew Robert Fausset; David Brown. *Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary on the Whole Bible*. 1871. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
9. Coogan 2007, p. 1240 Hebrew Bible.
10. The Nelson Study Bible 1997, p. 1399.
11. Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
12. Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
13. Shepherd, Michael (2018). *A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets*. Kregel Exegetical Library. Kregel Academic. p. 13. ISBN 978-0825444593.
14. Carley 1974, p. 298.
15. Carley 1974, p. 299.
16. Ezekiel 45:1 NKJV
17. Carley 1974, p. 300.
18. Ezekiel 45:2 NKJV
19. Carley 1974, p. 301.
20. Galambush 2007, p. 561.
21. Carley 1974, p. 303.
22. Ezekiel 45:18 MEV
23. Ezekiel 45:21 NKJV
24. Coogan 2007, p. 1247 Hebrew Bible.
25. Ezekiel 45:25 NKJV

## Sources

### Jewish

### Christian

## InfoBox

| Ezekiel 45 | |
| --- | --- |
| chapter 44chapter 46 | |
| The page with a diagram to illustrate Ezekiel's vision in chapter 45 of the division of the Promised Land, from the Book of the prophets, with Rashi's commentary (late 13th century). | |
| Book | Book of Ezekiel |
| Hebrew Bible part | Nevi'im |
| Order in the Hebrew part | 7 |
| Category | Latter Prophets |
| Christian Bible part | Old Testament |
| Order in the Christian part | 26 |


title: Aug (band)

abstract: Aug is a hard rock band from New Jersey. The band was formed in 2008 and have since released two albums and have opened for many bands including King's X, Savatage and Joe Lynn Turner. The band is also notable for the lead singer's voice, which is similar to Ozzy Osbourne. The band has appeared in the program That Metal Show. The band released its debut album, entitled 20 Years in Hell. In 2014, the band released its second album, entitled Be Careful What You Wish For.

text:
# Aug (band)

**Aug** is a hard rock band from New Jersey. The band was formed in 2008 and have since released two albums and have opened for many bands including King's X, Savatage and Joe Lynn Turner. The band is also notable for the lead singer's voice, which is similar to Ozzy Osbourne. The band has appeared in the program *That Metal Show*.

The band released its debut album, entitled *20 Years in Hell*. In 2014, the band released its second album, entitled *Be Careful What You Wish For*.

## Band members

Current members * Aug (Anthony Agostine) – vocals
* Rich Tanis – bass, backing vocals
* Tommy Shauger – lead guitar, vocals
* Russ LaMater – drums, percussion

## Discography

* *20 Years In Hell* (2011)
* *Be Careful What You Wish For* (2014)

## InfoBox

| Aug | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | New Jersey, United States |
| Genres | Heavy metal, hard rock |
| Years active | 2008 (2008)–present |
| Labels | ARRT Records |
|  | |
| Members | Aug
Rich Tanis
Russ LaMater
Tommy Shauger |
|  | |
| Website | augrocknewjersey.wix.com |


title: 2023 Brawo Open

abstract: The 2023 Brawo Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 29th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Braunschweig, Germany between 10 and 15 July 2023.

text:
# 2023 Brawo Open

The **2023 Brawo Open** was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the 29th edition of the tournament which was part of the 2023 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Braunschweig, Germany between 10 and 15 July 2023.

## Singles main-draw entrants

### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank1 | Seed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| GER | Daniel Altmaier | 66 | 1 |
| SVK | Alex Molčan | 83 | 2 |
| ITA | Marco Cecchinato | 89 | 3 |
| ARG | Federico Coria | 104 | 4 |
|  | Pavel Kotov | 105 | 5 |
| JPN | Taro Daniel | 106 | 6 |
| ESP | Jaume Munar | 109 | 7 |
| ESP | Pedro Martínez | 122 | 8 |

* 1 Rankings are as of 3 July 2023.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:

The following player received entry into the singles main draw using a protected ranking:

The following players received entry into the singles main draw as alternates:

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:

The following player received entry as a lucky loser:

## Champions

### Singles

### Doubles

## InfoBox

| 2023 Brawo Open | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 10–15 July |
| Edition | 29th |
| Surface | Clay |
| Location | Braunschweig, Germany |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Franco Agamenone | |
| Doubles | |
| Pierre-Hugues Herbert /  Arthur Reymond | |
|  | |


title: FIFA Ethics Committee

abstract: The FIFA Ethics Committee is one of FIFA's three judicial bodies. It is organized in two chambers, the Investigatory Chamber and the Adjudicatory Chamber. Its duties are regulated by several official documents, most importantly the FIFA Code of Ethics. FIFA's other judicial bodies are the Disciplinary Committee and the Appeal Committee.

text:
# FIFA Ethics Committee

The **FIFA Ethics Committee** is one of FIFA's three judicial bodies. It is organized in two chambers, the *Investigatory Chamber* and the *Adjudicatory Chamber*. Its duties are regulated by several official documents, most importantly the *FIFA Code of Ethics*. FIFA's other judicial bodies are the *Disciplinary Committee* and the *Appeal Committee*.

## Investigatory Chamber

The Investigatory Chamber's main task is to investigate potential violations of the *FIFA Code of Ethics*. Investigations can be carried out at any time, on the discretion of the Investigatory Chamber. In prima facie cases, the chamber has to open investigations. The chamber has to inform all parties involved that an investigation is being carried out, except for situations in which such information could harm the investigations. Investigatory methods include written inquiries and interviews with the parties and other witnesses. Investigations can, if necessary, be conducted by several members of the chamber and can also be assisted by third parties. At the end of an investigation, the chamber delivers a final report to the Adjudicatory Chamber. Should new and important information regarding an investigation come to light, however, the chamber can reopen an investigatory process.

## Adjudicatory Chamber

The Adjudicatory Chamber has to review the reports of the Investigatory Chamber and decide whether a case should be proceeded or closed. The Adjudicatory Chamber has the right to return a report to the Investigatory Chamber or carry out further investigations on its own behalf. After reviewing a report of the Investigatory Chamber and after conducting further investigations if deemed necessary, the Adjudicatory Chamber sends a report to all parties involved and asks for their statements.

In addition, the Adjudicatory Chamber has to finally decide on appropriate sanctions. Sanctions must relate to the three fundamental documents regulating the conduct of any person related to FIFA. These documents are the *FIFA Code of Ethics*, the *FIFA Disciplinary Code* and the *FIFA Statutes*. Thus, sanctions can range from warnings and reprimands for lesser cases of misbehavior up to lifelong bans on taking part in any football-related activity worldwide.

## Membership

The chairmen of FIFA's judicial bodies and their deputies are elected directly by the FIFA Congress and can only be deposed from their offices by the FIFA Congress. The term of office is four years. Members can, however, be re-elected. Chairmen and deputy chairmen of both chambers have to be qualified to practice law and the individual members of the two chambers should be put together in order to ensure an overall high degree of qualifications with regard to their task. In addition, the members of the Ethics Committee should also represent the respective FIFA member associations in an appropriate way.

The members of FIFA's judicial bodies must not serve as members of the executive committee or any other of FIFA's standing committees.

### Independence

The chairmen and deputy chairmen of the two chambers of the *Ethics Committee* as well as the chairman of the *FIFA Audit and Compliance Committee* have to fulfill the independence criteria set up in the *Standing Orders of the Congress*.

To ensure that the independence criteria are met by the respective committee members, annual reviews of the incumbent chairmen and deputy chairmen as well as candidates for chairmen and deputy chairmen of the Ethics Committee and the Audit and Compliance Committee are mandatory. Reviews must be conducted by another committee. Therefore, the Ethics Committee's members are being reviewed by the Audit and Compliance Committee, which in turn is being reviewed by the Investigatory Chamber of the Ethics Committee.

In addition, the Ethics Committee conducts the integrity checks for the following FIFA offices: FIFA President, all members of the executive committee, chairman, deputy chairman and members of the Audit and Compliance Committee, and all chairmen, deputy chairmen and members of FIFA's judicial bodies, with the obvious exception of the Ethics Committee itself, which is checked by the Audit and Compliance Committee. No FIFA committee is allowed to review or check its own members.

### Members

| **Name** | **Nationality** |
| --- | --- |
| **Chairman** | |
| María Claudia Rojas (Investigatory Chamber) | Colombia |
| Vassilios Skouris (Adjudicatory Chamber) | Greece |
| **Deputy Chairman** | |
| Djimrabaye Bourngar (Investigatory Chamber) | Chad |
| Alan Sullivan (Adjudicatory Chamber) | Australia |
| Bruno de Vita (Investigatory Chamber) | Canada |
| **Member Investigatory Chamber** | |
| He Jiahong | China |
| Janet Katisya | Kenya |
| Michael Llamas | Gibraltar |
| Jose Ernesto Mejia Portillo | Honduras |
| John Tougon | Vanuatu |
| **Member Adjudicatory Chamber** | |
| Akihiro Hara | Japan |
| Yngve Hallén | Norway |
| Jack Kariko | Papua New Guinea |
| Alan Rothenberg | United States |
| Oscar Scavone | Paraguay |
| Anin Yeboah | Ghana |

## History

Since 1998, FIFA has implemented an increasing number of rules and regulations intended to modernize and improve the accountability and transparency of its governance processes. In the wake of accusations of bribery of referees in 2006, FIFA decided to create an Ethics Committee, with the aim of investigating allegations of corruption in football. In the beginning, the Ethics Committee was first headed by Sebastian Coe, and between 2010 and 2012 by the former Swiss football player and attorney at law Claudio Sulser.

However, it was not until 2011 that Mark Pieth, a criminal law professor at the University of Basel, Switzerland, and head of the so-called *FIFA Independent Governance Committee* (IGC), started to assess the FIFA-structures. Pieth subsequently published a report with suggestions for an indepth reform of the Ethics Committee in order to establish a modernized body for FIFA-internal investigations and jurisdiction. The ICG was constituted as an external advisory board for FIFA by the Executive Committee on 17 December 2011. It had a mandate until the end of 2013.

In the beginning, the IGC-report received substantial criticism, including from within the IGC itself. Sylvia Schenk, sports adviser of Transparency International (TI), criticized that Pieth received payments from FIFA for his work. Schenk refrained from becoming a member of IGC. Roger A. Pielke, Jr., who also authored an publication on the accountability of FIFA, stated in his blog *The Least Thing* that Pieth, or his Basel-based Institute of Governance, had received US$128,000 for his work and could therefore not be regarded as acting independent. Pieth, however, replied that it is best practice for any organization to remunerate audit reports, because "we can't start asking audit firms to do their job for free just to make sure they are independent."

Much controversy also erupted around the question whether the IGC should be allowed to take a stance on earlier cases of potential corruption. Meanwhile, this issue has been codified in the 2012 FIFA Code of Ethics. The Ethics Committee's Investigatory Chamber has the right to investigate into previous allegations of bribery.

The FIFA Ethics Committee has a history of corruption and controversy. The 2014 World Cup in Brazil was criticized for fraudulent billing and producing hundreds of tons of waste from the building and usage of stadiums. From 2014 onwards, pressure began to build as both public and general media recognized inconsistencies and policy violations across FIFA-run tournaments. According to Sahiba Gill, author of "Whose Game? FIFA, Corruption, and the Challenge of Global Governance", the FIFA Ethics Committee's ignorant confusion towards its past reforms and public addresses don't suffice. Gill would go on to suggest that complete public transparency is the only viable avenue left for FIFA.

Paul MacInnes of The Guardian continue to accuse The Ethics Committee of lacking decency and awareness to publicly recognize these problems. One problem that was recognized by the committee in 2014 was that of bribery involving referees receiving expensive watches from Brazilian higher-ups. A document from the United States Department of Justice described in full detail the sentencing of nine FIFA officials and five FIFA executives. Not only was this blatant and beyond face-saving, but was detrimental to the tournament and its no-tolerance policies against bribery. Scholars estimate that FIFA's past two decades of corruption totals around $150 million. Even though FIFA is governed by Swiss law, authorities there have largely ignored the allegations toward FIFA and its ethics committee until confronted by U.S. authorities in 2015.

In 2010, Qatar was chosen to be the first Middle Eastern country to host a World Cup. Not only was this debated and controversial because of law differences, but also because of well-documented human rights atrocities. Sepp Blatter, former president and president at the time of selection, was quoted saying that "It was a bad choice". Despite this, the FIFA Ethics Committee gave the seal of approval on Qatar as the 2022 World Cup host.

The FIFA Ethics Committee was put in place to police and regulate foul play and poor decisions made by FIFA representatives. The committee's history with policy violations and human rights debates have attracted concerns that FIFA lacks the competency and discipline to address them. A lack of consideration of human rights in the committee showed that, while the public recognized the difficulties with selecting Qatar as the next host, they were willing to look past these claims by the media/public. Qatar's recent history with media claims of tolerating human rights atrocities and having a disregard for FIFA's policies proved a difficult task for FIFA to handle and cover up. FIFA announced its first human rights policy in 2017 following the decision for Qatar to host the 2022 World Cup.

The conversation surrounding human rights violations started primarily in reference to Qatar's mistreatment involving migrant workers which make up 90% of its labor force. In addition to human rights violations, the FIFA Ethics Committee gave Qatar the go ahead despite the controversy surrounding its temperatures of 50 degrees Celsius (122 degrees Fahrenheit) during the summer months. This is another public criticism that wasn't confronted despite the numerous complaints mentioning heat exhaustion and the countless other bids from countries that would be far more suitable as a host.

Speaking on Qatar's questionable behavior, Hans-Joachim Eckert, head of the adjudicatory arm of FIFA's ethics committee, mentioned that "the effects of these occurrences on the bidding process as a whole were far from reaching any threshold that would require returning to the bidding process, let alone reopening it".

### Investigatory Chamber and the Adjudicatory Chamber

Following suggestions of the IGC's first report in 2012, the FIFA Executive Committee decided to establish two independent entities, the *Investigatory Chamber* and the *Adjudicatory Chamber*, headed by experienced and independent legal professionals. The Ethics Committee is allowed to investigate present as well as previous allegations.

In 2016, committee member Juan Pedro Damiani was being subjected to an internal investigation over the legal assistance he had provided as a lawyer to Eugenio Figueredo, a football official who had been charged by US authorities with wire fraud and money laundering, as part of the 2015 FIFA corruption case. After a preliminary investigation was opened by the Ethics Committee's Investigatory Chamber, Damiani resigned from the Ethics Committee on 6 April 2016.

In early 2017 reports became public about FIFA president Gianni Infantino attempting to prevent the re-elections of both chairmen of the ethics committee during the FIFA congress in May 2017. On 9 May 2017, following Infantino's proposal, the FIFA Council decided not to renew the mandates of Cornel Borbély and Hans-Joachim Eckert. Together with the chairmen, eleven of 13 committee members were removed. Borbely and Eckert claimed that when ousted, they were in the process of investigating hundreds of cases and that their removal was a "setback for the fight against corruption" and that "meant the de facto end of Fifa's reform efforts".

## Football officials banned

Football officials banned by FIFA Ethics Committee include:

## InfoBox

FIFA Ethics Committee
|
|  |
| Headquarters | Zürich |
| Chairman of the Investigatory Chamber | María Claudia Rojas |
| Chairman of the Adjudicatory Chamber | Vassilios Skouris |


title: 1996 Reading Borough Council election

abstract: The 1996 Reading Borough Council election was held on 2 May 1996, at the same time as other local elections across England. Sixteen of the 45 seats on Reading Borough Council were up for election, being the usual third of the council plus a by-election in Redlands ward, where Labour councillor Tony Jones had resigned. Labour increased its majority on the council, and David Sutton remained leader of the Labour group and leader of the council. The Liberal Democrats became the second largest group on the council, overtaking the Conservatives, who were left with just four seats. The leader of the Conservative group ahead of the election was Tony Markham, but he lost his seat at the election. Ed Young was appointed leader of the Conservative group shortly afterwards. The Liberal Democrats also replaced their leader after the election, with outgoing leader Jim Day being appointed mayor of Reading, and Ian Fenwick appointed the new leader of the Liberal Democrat group in his place.

text:
# 1996 Reading Borough Council election

The **1996 Reading Borough Council election** was held on 2 May 1996, at the same time as other local elections across England. Sixteen of the 45 seats on Reading Borough Council were up for election, being the usual third of the council (15 seats) plus a by-election in Redlands ward, where Labour councillor Tony Jones had resigned.

Labour increased its majority on the council, and David Sutton remained leader of the Labour group and leader of the council. The Liberal Democrats became the second largest group on the council, overtaking the Conservatives, who were left with just four seats. The leader of the Conservative group ahead of the election was Tony Markham, but he lost his seat at the election. Ed Young was appointed leader of the Conservative group shortly afterwards. The Liberal Democrats also replaced their leader after the election, with outgoing leader Jim Day being appointed mayor of Reading, and Ian Fenwick appointed the new leader of the Liberal Democrat group in his place.

## Results

Reading Borough Council Election, 1996
| Party | | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | 13 | 3 | 0 | +3 | 81.3% | 55.3% | 18,282 | -1.3 |
|  | Conservative | 1 | 0 | 4 | -4 | 6.3% | 22.8% | 7,541 | -1.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | 2 | 1 | 0 | +1 | 12.5% | 20.8% | 6,865 | +2.9 |
|  | Green | 0 |  |  |  | 0% | 1.1% | 380 | 0.0 |

### Ward results

The results in each ward were as follows (candidates with an asterisk\* were the previous incumbent standing for re-election):

Abbey Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Jane Griffiths*** | **1,317** | **72.4** | **+0.3** |
|  | Conservative | Richard Willis | 288 | 15.8 | +1.3 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Julian Fertray | 214 | 11.8 | −1.6 |
| Turnout | | | 1,819 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | -0.5 |  |

Battle Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Andrew Tattersall\*** | **1,170** | **74.9** | **−4.0** |
|  | Conservative | Heather Jones | 254 | 16.3 | +1.5 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Adam Canning | 139 | 8.9 | +2.4 |
| Turnout | | | 1,563 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | -0.45 |  |

Caversham Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Susan Stainthorp** | **1,511** | **54.8** | **+2.5** |
|  | Conservative | Mark Anderson | 962 | 34.9 | −4.2 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Robin Bentham | 284 | 10.3 | +1.7 |
| Turnout | | | 2,757 |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing | +3.35 |  |

Church Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Maureen Lockey\*** | **1,012** | **67.7** | **−3.6** |
|  | Conservative | Mark Graves | 287 | 19.2 | +2.8 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Susan Orchard-Doughty | 131 | 8.8 | −3.5 |
|  | Green | Richard Bradbury | 65 | 4.3 | n/a |
| Turnout | | | 1,495 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | -3.2 |  |

Katesgrove Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **David Sutton\*** | **959** | **65.9** | **−6.7** |
|  | Conservative | Shirley Mills | 275 | 18.9 | −0.1 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Andrew Coleman | 159 | 10.9 | n/a |
|  | Green | Philip Unsworth | 62 | 4.3 | −4.1 |
| Turnout | | | 1,455 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | -3.3 |  |

Kentwood Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Sandy Scaife** | **1,200** | **48.1** | **−1.7** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Richard Duveen | 711 | 28.5 | +4.8 |
|  | Conservative | John Oliver\* | 586 | 23.5 | −3.1 |
| Turnout | | | 2,497 |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing | +0.7 |  |

Minster Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Leighton Yeo** | **1,414** | **56.7** | **−8.1** |
|  | Conservative | Tony Markham\* | 805 | 32.3 | −2.9 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Roger Hayes | 275 | 11.0 | n/a |
| Turnout | | | 2,494 |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing | -2.6 |  |

Norcot Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Helen Hathaway** | **1,355** | **72.4** | **+2.9** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Martin Scott | 236 | 12.6 | −3.2 |
|  | Conservative | Vanessa Jones | 226 | 12.1 | +0.5 |
|  | Green | Joseph Loudon | 54 | 2.9 | −0.2 |
| Turnout | | | 1,871 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | +3.05 |  |

Park Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Jonathan Hartley** | **1,607** | **79.1** | **+3.2** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | George Preston | 424 | 20.9 | +10.0 |
| Turnout | | | 2,031 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | -3.4 |  |

Peppard Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Christopher Bolt** | **1,496** | **51.2** | **+1.9** |
|  | Conservative | Mary Irwin\* | 981 | 33.5 | −0.3 |
|  | Labour | Adam Wood | 447 | 15.3 | −1.6 |
| Turnout | | | 2,924 |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats **gain** from Conservative | | Swing | +1.1 |  |

Redlands Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Jonathan Morris\*** | **1,258** | **57.3** | **−4.2** |
|  | Conservative | James Wilson | 407 | 18.6 | +0.3 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Jeffrey Hannan | 376 | 17.1 | +3.6 |
|  | Green | Mary Westly | 153 | 7.0 | +0.3 |
| Turnout | | | 2,194 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | -2.25 |  |

Redlands Ward (by-election)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Elizabeth Winfield-Chislett** | **1,359** | **65.5** |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Paul Fitchett | 715 | 34.5 |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,074 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Southcote Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Askar Sheibani** | **1,345** | **65.3** | **+12.1** |
|  | Conservative | Susan White | 455 | 22.1 | −0.5 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Deon Pheiffer | 261 | 12.7 | n/a |
| Turnout | | | 2,061 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | -5.8 |  |

Thames Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Jeanette Skeats** | **1,435** | **46.2** | **−1.6** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Martin Reilly | 1,014 | 32.7 | +5.4 |
|  | Labour | Betty Tickner | 654 | 21.1 | −3.7 |
| Turnout | | | 3,103 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | -3.5 |  |

Tilehurst Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Jim Day\*** | **1,444** | **62.8** | **+4.4** |
|  | Labour | John Ennis | 489 | 21.3 | −3.6 |
|  | Conservative | David Jones | 322 | 14.0 | +0.3 |
|  | Green | Judith Green | 46 | 2.0 | −1.1 |
| Turnout | | | 2,301 |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | Swing | +4.0 |  |

Whitley Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **James Hanley** | **1,185** | **82.1** | **−5.0** |
|  | Conservative | Lloyd Henry | 258 | 17.9 | +5.0 |
| Turnout | | | 1,443 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | -5.0 |  |

## InfoBox

1996 Reading Borough Council election
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| ---  16 seats of 45 on council<br>23 seats needed for a majority | |
| First party Second party Third party  **Lab**  **LD**  **Con**  Leader David Sutton Jim Day Tony Markham  Party Labour Liberal Democrats Conservative  Seats before 32 5 8  Seats after 35 6 4  Seat change 3 1 4  Popular vote 18,282 6,865 7,541  Percentage 55.3 20.8 22.8  Swing 1.3 2.9 1.6 | |