title: 1649 in music

abstract: The year 1649 in music involved some significant events.

text:
# 1649 in music

The year **1649 in music** involved some significant events.

## Classical music

* Melchior Franck*Davidischer Traur- und Trostgesang* for three voices (Coburg: Johann Eyrich), a funeral motet, published posthumously
* Johann Jakob Froberger*Libro secondo di toccate, fantasie, canzone, allemande, courante, sarabande, gigue et altre partite* (presentation manuscript, September)
* Alberich Mazak*Cultus harmonicus*, volume one, a collection of his complete works, published in Vienna

## Opera

## Births

## Deaths

## InfoBox

| List of years in music (table) |
| --- |
|  |
| *+...* |


title: Earl Duvall (American football)

abstract: Earl Scranton Duvall was an American football player. He played college football for Ohio University as a fullback. While in college, he joined Sigma Pi fraternity. As a professional, he played at the guard, tackle, and end positions in the National Football League (NFL) for the Columbus Tigers from 1924 to 1926. He appeared in 21 NFL games, 14 as a starter. After football, Duvall would become vice president of the State Automobile Insurance Company and was a member of the Ohio University Alumni Association and the Jacques Club.

text:
# Earl Duvall (American football)

**Earl Scranton Duvall** (June 20, 1899 – August 6, 1966) was an American football player. He played college football for Ohio University as a fullback. While in college, he joined Sigma Pi fraternity. As a professional, he played at the guard, tackle, and end positions in the National Football League (NFL) for the Columbus Tigers from 1924 to 1926. He appeared in 21 NFL games, 14 as a starter.

After football, Duvall would become vice president of the State Automobile Insurance Company and was a member of the Ohio University Alumni Association and the Jacques Club.

## InfoBox

Earl Duvall
| No. 21 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Guard, tackle, end |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1899-06-20)June 20, 1899<br>Duvall, Ohio |
| Died: | August 6, 1966(1966-08-06) (aged 67) |
| Height: | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) |
| Weight: | 220 lb (100 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Ashville (OH) |
| College: | Ohio University |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Al-Humayra

abstract: Al-Humayra is a Syrian village in the An-Nabek District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Al-Humayra had a population of 1,740 in the 2004 census.

text:
# Al-Humayra

**Al-Humayra** (Arabic: الحميرة) is a Syrian village in the An-Nabek District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Al-Humayra had a population of 1,740 in the 2004 census.

## InfoBox

| Al-Humayra الحميرة | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Al-HumayraLocation in Syria | |
| Coordinates: 34°10′18″N 36°50′49″E / 34.17167°N 36.84694°E / 34.17167; 36.84694 | |
| Country | Syria |
| Governorate | Rif Dimashq Governorate |
| District | An-Nabek District |
| Nahiyah | Deir Attiah |
| Population (2004 census) | |
| Total | 1,740 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Huron Heights, London, Ontario

abstract: Huron Heights is a neighbourhood in the City of London, Ontario, Canada. Located in the northeast part of the city, development began around 1960 and continued to the late 1960s in four distinct phases, and included three public elementary schools, and provided students to one Catholic elementary in the area and one public secondary school just northwest of the development. A large commercial plaza with anchor grocery and department stores was developed at the west edge, and a neighbourhood plaza was developed in the central part. A city arena was built and later supplemented with a public swimming pool. Huron Heights consists mostly of low-density, single detached dwellings. As of 2011, the area is home to 19,470 residents. Most of the neighbourhood is considered a lower-income area with an average family income of $71,288, an average dwelling value of $231,279 and a home ownership rate of 57%. It also is home to thousands of students residents from Fanshawe College and the University of Western Ontario. Huron Heights was home to Canada's first Kmart store at Huron Heights Shopping Centre in March 1963.

text:
# Huron Heights, London, Ontario

**Huron Heights** is a neighbourhood in the City of London, Ontario, Canada. Located in the northeast part of the city, development began around 1960 and continued to the late 1960s in four distinct phases (one of which was commonly known as Huron Village), and included three public elementary schools, and provided students to one Catholic elementary in the area and one public secondary school just northwest of the development. A large commercial plaza with anchor grocery and department stores was developed at the west edge, and a neighbourhood plaza was developed in the central part. A city arena was built and later supplemented with a public swimming pool.

Huron Heights consists mostly of low-density, single detached dwellings. As of 2011, the area is home to 19,470 residents. Most of the neighbourhood is considered a lower-income area with an average family income of $71,288, an average dwelling value of $231,279 and a home ownership rate of 57%.

It also is home to thousands of students residents from Fanshawe College and the University of Western Ontario.

Huron Heights was home to Canada's first Kmart store at Huron Heights Shopping Centre (1345 Huron Street) in March 1963.

## Government and politics

Huron Heights exists within the federal electoral district of London-Fanshawe. It is currently represented by Lindsay Mathyssen of the New Democratic Party, first elected in 2019.

Provincially, the area is within the constituency of London-Fanshawe. It is currently represented by Teresa Armstrong of the New Democratic, first elected in 2011 and re-elected in 2014, 2018, and 2022.

In London's non-partisan municipal politics, Huron Heights lies within ward 3. It is currently represented by Councillor Peter Cuddy, first elected in 2022.

## Institutions

### Education

## Location

The neighbourhood is bordered by Oxford Street to the south, Clarke Road to the east, the Thames River to the north, and Briarhill Avenue/Barker Street to the west. It is bordered by the residential neighbourhoods of Argyle, Carling, Stoneybrook, and Fanshawe, as well as the mainly industrial Airport neighbourhood.

## InfoBox

| Huron Heights | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| Coordinates: 43°1′23.02″N 81°12′17.071″W / 43.0230611°N 81.20474194°W / 43.0230611; -81.20474194 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Ontario |
| City | London |
| Annexation (city) | 1961 (as London) |
| Government | |
| Type | Municipal (Ward 3) |
| Administrative body | London City Council |
| Councillor | Peter Cuddy |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 19,470 |
| Average Income | 25,836 |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern Time Zone) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-6 (Eastern Time Zone) |
| Area code(s) | 519, 226 |


title: Employee morale

abstract: Employee morale or workspace morale is the morale of employees in workspace environment. It is proven to have a direct effect on productivity.

text:
# Employee morale

**Employee morale** or **workspace morale** is the morale of employees in workspace environment. It is proven to have a direct effect on productivity.

## History

Long used by the military as a "mission-critical" measure of the psychological readiness of troops, high morale has been shown to be a powerful driver of performance in all organizations. Extensive research demonstrates its benefits in productivity, profitability, customer satisfaction and worker health. By measuring morale with employee surveys many business owners and managers have long been aware of a direct, *causative* connection between that morale, (which includes job satisfaction, opinions of their management and many other aspects of the workplace culture) and the performance of their organization.

## Importance and effects

Recognized as one of the major factors affecting productivity and overall financial stability of any business, low morale may lead to reduced concentration, which in turn can cause mistakes, poor customer service and missed deadlines. It also can contribute to a high turnover rate and absenteeism. Employee morale proves to be detrimental to the business in these respects. Morale can drive an organization forward or can lead to employee discontent, poor job performance, and absenteeism (Ewton, 2007). With low morale comes a high price tag. The Gallup Organization estimates that there are 22 million actively disengaged employees costing the American economy as much as $350 billion per year in lost productivity including absenteeism, illness, and other problems that result when employees are unhappy at work. Failing to address this issue lead to decreased productivity, increased rates of absenteeism and associated costs, increased conflicts in the work environment, increased customer or consumer complaints, and increased employee turnover rates and costs associated with selection and training replacement staff.

## Possible definitions of morale

Morale- a state of individual psychological well being based upon a sense of confidence and usefulness and purpose. The spirit of a group that makes the members want the group to succeed.

## Positive effect of high employee morale

The effects of high employee morale have been studied and are both proven and numerous. One of the biggest benefits is productivity. Happy workers are 12% more productive. The increased productivity can be attributed to a number of factors, including reduction in workplace accidents, decreased stress levels, and even a downturn in number of sick days taken due to the positive effect on employee health that high morale provides. High morale effects employee's motivation, their performance, and their willingness to adapt to organizational strategies. High morale will cause employees to put in extra effort, find ways to work more efficiently, and do higher quality work. An employer with a well-known track record of high morale among employees is also much more likely to attract and retain high talent employees. High morale provides a competitive edge in good times and bad. It also increases customer satisfaction rates.

## Negative effect of low employee morale

There are many negative effects that come along with low employee morale. When a business shows little to no consideration to their employees, many will look for work elsewhere, resulting in a high turnover rate. High turnover can cost the business a lot of money, since they will need to now advertise for these positions and pay for new employee training. This becomes a bad investment when they are constantly paying to train for the same position. High turnover can cost anywhere from 30%-400% of an annual salary, and with an estimated 22 million disengaged employees per year, low morale is costing the economy as much as $350 billion in lost productivity. Leaders who fail to address morale issues in the workplace face the following: decreased productivity, increased rates of absenteeism and associated costs, increased conflicts in the work environment, increased patient complaints and dissatisfied consumers of care, and increased employee turnover rates and costs associated with hiring and training replacement staff. In closing, low employee morale can negatively affect a business in many ways that will cost them much more money in the long run than it would to have better morale.


title: Amauropelta semilunata

abstract: Amauropelta semilunata, synonym Thelypteris semilunata, is a species of fern in the family Thelypteridaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

text:
# Amauropelta semilunata

***Amauropelta semilunata***, synonym ***Thelypteris semilunata***, is a species of fern in the family Thelypteridaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

## InfoBox

| *Amauropelta semilunata* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Polypodiales |
| Suborder: | Aspleniineae |
| Family: | Thelypteridaceae |
| Genus: | *Amauropelta* |
| Species: | ***A. semilunata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Amauropelta semilunata***
(Sodiro) Salino & T.E.Almeida | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Dryopteris semilunata* (Sodiro) C.Chr. * *Nephrodium semilunatum* Sodiro * *Thelypteris semilunata* (Sodiro) A.R.Sm. | |


title: Amax Engineering

abstract: Amax Engineering was an Australian aircraft manufacturer based in Donvale, Victoria, a suburb of Melbourne. When it was in business, the company specialized in the design and manufacture of kit aircraft for amateur construction. The company designed and supplied kits and plans for both fixed-wing aircraft and autogyros.

text:
# Amax Engineering

**Amax Engineering** was an Australian aircraft manufacturer based in Donvale, Victoria, a suburb of Melbourne. When it was in business, the company specialized in the design and manufacture of kit aircraft for amateur construction. The company designed and supplied kits and plans for both fixed-wing aircraft and autogyros.

## Aircraft

|
|  |
**Summary of aircraft built by Amax Engineering**
| Model name | First flight | Number built | Type |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Amax Double Eagle TT** |  |  | Two seat autogyro |
| **Amax Eagle** |  |  | Single seat autogyro |
| **Amax Eagle TT** |  |  | Single seat autogyro |
| **Amax J6 Karatoo** |  |  | Two seat ultralight and light-sport aircraft, designed by Jesse Anglin |
| **Amax Sport 1700** |  |  | Two seat ultralight aircraft |
| **Amax Vixen 105** |  |  | Two-seats-in-side-by-side configuration ultralight aircraft |
|

## InfoBox

Amax Engineering
| Company type | Privately held company |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Aerospace |
| Founded | 1980s |
| Defunct | after 1998 |
| Fate | Out of business |
| Headquarters | Donvale, Victoria, Australia |
| Products | Kit aircraft |


title: 1884 Boston mayoral election

abstract: The Boston mayoral election of 1884 saw the election of Hugh O'Brien, who unseated incumbent mayor Augustus Pearl Martin. O'Brien's victory began an era in which Irish descended men dominated the mayoralty of Boston.

text:
# 1884 Boston mayoral election

The **Boston mayoral election of 1884** saw the election of Hugh O'Brien, who unseated incumbent mayor Augustus Pearl Martin.

O'Brien's victory began an era in which Irish descended men dominated the mayoralty of Boston.

## Results

1884 Boston mayoral election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Hugh O'Brien** | **27,494** | **53.22%** |
|  | Republican | Augustus Pearl Martin (incumbent) | 24,168 | 46.78% |
| Turnout | | | 51,662 |  |

## InfoBox

1884 Boston mayoral election
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Candidate **Hugh O'Brien** Augustus Pearl Martin  Party Democratic Republican  Popular vote **27,494** 24,168  Percentage **53.22%** 46.78% | |
| ---  **Mayor before election**
Augustus Pearl Martin
Republican **Elected mayor**
Hugh O'Brien
Democratic | |


title: 1882 Wentworth colonial by-election

text:
# 1882 Wentworth colonial by-election

A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Wentworth on 23 January 1882 because of the resignation of William Brodribb to accept an appointment to the Legislative Council.

## Dates

| Date | Event |
| --- | --- |
| 29 December 1881 | William Brodribb resigned, and summoned to the Legislative Council. |
| | Writ of election issued by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. |
| 13 January 1882 | Nominations |
| 23 January 1882 | Polling day |
| 6 February 1882 | Return of writ |

## Result

1882 Wentworth by-election
Monday 23 January
| Candidate | | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Edward Quin (elected) | | 216 | 50.7 |
| Evan Evans | | 210 | 49.3 |
| Total formal votes | | 426 | 100.0 |
| Informal votes | | 0 | 0.0 |
| Turnout | | 426 | 22.4 |


title: Echidnopsis

abstract:
Echidnopsis is a genus of succulent, cactus-like plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1871. They are native to eastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.
  - Accepted species
  - Species formerly included Echidnopsis quadrangula now Caralluma quadrangula
  - Taxonomy Phylogenetic studies have shown the genus to be monophyletic, and most closely related to the genus Rhytidocaulon. Marginally more distantly related is a sister branch comprising the genus Pseudolithos and the widespread Caralluma stapeliads of North Africa.

text:
# Echidnopsis

***Echidnopsis*** is a genus of succulent, cactus-like plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1871. They are native to eastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.

Accepted species  1. *Echidnopsis angustiloba* E.A.Bruce & P.R.O.Bally \- Kenya
2. *Echidnopsis archeri* P.R.O.Bally \- Kenya
3. *Echidnopsis ballyi* (Marn.-Lap.) P.R.O.Bally \- N Somalia
4. *Echidnopsis bentii* N.E.Br. ex Hook.f. \- Arabia
5. *Echidnopsis bihenduhensis* P.R.O.Bally \- N Somalia
6. *Echidnopsis cereiformis* Hook.f. \- South Africa
7. *Echidnopsis chrysantha* Lavranos \- Somalia
8. *Echidnopsis ciliata* P.R.O.Bally \- N Somalia
9. *Echidnopsis dammaniana* Sprenger \- Eritrea
10. *Echidnopsis ericiflora* Lavranos \- Kenya
11. *Echidnopsis globosa* Thulin & Hjertson \- Yemen
12. *Echidnopsis inconspicua* Bruyns
13. *Echidnopsis insularis* Lavranos \- Socotra
14. *Echidnopsis leachii* Lavranos
15. *Echidnopsis malum* (Lavranos) Bruyns \- Somalia
16. *Echidnopsis mijerteina* Lavranos \- Somalia
17. *Echidnopsis milleri* Lavranos \- Socotra
18. *Echidnopsis montana* (R.A.Dyer & E.A.Bruce) P.R.O.Bally \- Ethiopia
19. *Echidnopsis multangula* (Forssk.) Chiov. \- Arabia
20. *Echidnopsis planiflora* P.R.O.Bally \- Somalia, Ethiopia
21. *Echidnopsis radians* Bellerue-Bleck \- Kenya
22. *Echidnopsis repens* R.A.Dyer & Verdoorn \- Tanzania
23. *Echidnopsis rubrolutea* Plowes \- Somalia
24. *Echidnopsis scutellata* (Deflers) A.Berger \- Arabia, Kenya
25. *Echidnopsis seibanica* *Lavranos* \- Arabia
26. *Echidnopsis sharpei* A.C.White & B.Sloane \- Kenya, Somalia
27. *Echidnopsis similis* Plowes \- Somalia
28. *Echidnopsis socotrana* Lavranos \- Socotra
29. *Echidnopsis squamulata* (Decne.) P.R.O.Bally - Arabia
30. *Echidnopsis uraiqatiana* Dioli - Eritrea
31. *Echidnopsis urceolata* P.R.O.Bally \- Kenya
32. *Echidnopsis virchowii* K.Schum. - Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania
33. *Echidnopsis watsonii* P.R.O.Bally \- Somalia
34. *Echidnopsis yemenensis* Plowes \- Yemen
Species formerly included

*Echidnopsis quadrangula* now *Caralluma quadrangula*

Taxonomy

Phylogenetic studies have shown the genus to be monophyletic, and most closely related to the genus *Rhytidocaulon*. Marginally more distantly related is a sister branch comprising the genus *Pseudolithos* and the widespread *Caralluma* stapeliads of North Africa.

## InfoBox

| *Echidnopsis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Echidnopsis dammaniana* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Apocynaceae |
| Subfamily: | Asclepiadoideae |
| Tribe: | Ceropegieae |
| Genus: | *Echidnopsis*
Hook.f. |
|
| Type species | |
| *Echidnopsis cereiformis*
Hook.f. | |


abstract: Amanda Palmer & Friends Present Forty-Five Degrees: Bushfire Charity Flash Record is a collaborative studio album by American singer-songwriter Amanda Palmer along with Brian Viglione, Clare Bowditch, Fred Leone, Missy Higgins, Jherek Bischoff, and Montaigne. It was released to digital retailers and streaming platforms on February 21, 2020. Released in response to the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season, all proceeds of the album will be donated to Firesticks Alliance, an Indigenous Australian-led organization "re-invigorating and teaching cultural land burning and management." The album was funded by Palmer's supporters on Patreon.

text:
# Amanda Palmer & Friends Present Forty-Five Degrees: Bushfire Flash Record

***Amanda Palmer & Friends Present Forty-Five Degrees: Bushfire Charity Flash Record*** is a collaborative studio album by American singer-songwriter Amanda Palmer along with Brian Viglione, Clare Bowditch, Fred Leone, Missy Higgins, Jherek Bischoff, and Montaigne. It was released to digital retailers and streaming platforms on February 21, 2020. Released in response to the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season, all proceeds of the album will be donated to Firesticks Alliance, an Indigenous Australian-led organization "re-invigorating and teaching cultural land burning and management." The album was funded by Palmer's supporters on Patreon.

## Promotion

A cover of Midnight Oil's "Beds Are Burning" featuring Missy Higgins, Brian Viglione and Jherek Bischoff was released as a single on February 17, 2020. A benefit concert featuring Palmer and her then-husband Neil Gaiman was held in Melbourne, Australia on March 8, 2020.

## Track listing

Track listing for *Amanda Palmer & Friends Present Forty-Five Degrees: Bushfire Flash Record*
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "My Favorite Things" (Bushfire edition) |  | 3:08 |
| 2. | "Beds Are Burning" (featuring Missy Higgins, Brian Viglione and Jherek Bischoff) |  | 4:42 |
| 3. | "The Drover's Boy" |  | 4:51 |
| 4. | "Black Smoke" (featuring Clare Bowditch and Jherek Bischoff) |  | 4:05 |
| 5. | "Suck It Up, Buttercup" | * Palmer | 8:52 |
| 6. | "Truganini" (featuring Montaigne, Brian Viglione and Jherek Bischoff) |  | 4:41 |
| 7. | "Solid Rock" (with Fred Leone) |  | 4:21 |
| 8. | "Regional Echo" |  | 4:49 |
| Total length: | | | 37:50 |

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Amanda Palmer & Friends Present Forty-Five Degrees: Bushfire Charity Flash Record | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Amanda Palmer | |
| Released | February 21, 2020 (2020-02-21) |
| Studio | Sing Sing Studios in Melbourne, Australia |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 37:50 |
| Label | * 8 ft. |
| Producer | * Anna Laverty * Xanthea O'Connor |
| Amanda Palmer chronology | |
| *There Will Be No Intermission*
(2019) ***Amanda Palmer & Friends Present Forty-Five Degrees: Bushfire Charity Flash Record***
(2020) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Amanda Palmer & Friends Present Forty-Five Degrees: Bushfire Flash Record* | |
| 1. "Beds Are Burning"
Released: February 17, 2020 | |
|  | |


title: Dylan de Beer

abstract: Dylan de Beer is a former Zimbabwean cricketer. He was born in Port Elizabeth, Cape Province, South Africa. A wicket-keeper and opening batsman, he played three first-class matches for Manicaland during the 2002–03 Logan Cup.

text:
# Dylan de Beer

**Dylan de Beer** (born 20 February 1982) is a former Zimbabwean cricketer. He was born in Port Elizabeth, Cape Province, South Africa. A wicket-keeper and opening batsman, he played three first-class matches for Manicaland during the 2002–03 Logan Cup.

## InfoBox

Dylan de Beer
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1982-02-20) 20 February 1982<br>Port Elizabeth, Cape Province, South Africa |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm off break |
| Role | Wicket-keeper, opening batsman |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 2002/03–2003/04 | Manicaland |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition FC LA  Matches 3 5  Runs scored 137 89  Batting average 22.83 22.25  100s/50s 0/1 0/1  Top score 74 58  Catches/stumpings 6/0 0/0 | |
|  | |
| Source: ESPNcricinfo, 12 July 2021 | |


title: East Africa High Commission

abstract: The East Africa High Commission (EAHC) was an international organisation which existed between 1 January 1948 and 9 December 1961 with the intention of providing common services to the British-administered Uganda, Kenya and Tanganyika. It superseded the East Africa Governors' Conference and was later replaced by the East African Common Services Organization (EACSO). The EACSO in turn was replaced by the first East African Community in 1967.

text:
# East Africa High Commission

The **East Africa High Commission** (EAHC) was an international organisation which existed between 1 January 1948 and 9 December 1961 with the intention of providing common services to the British-administered Uganda, Kenya and Tanganyika. It superseded the East Africa Governors' Conference and was later replaced by the East African Common Services Organization (EACSO). The EACSO in turn was replaced by the first East African Community in 1967.

## History

During the Second World War, the British Governors of Uganda, Kenya and Tanganyika established several regional boards to help coordinate the war effort. Immediately after the end of the war, the British Government published "proposals for the future management of the inter-territorial services in East Africa", with revised proposals following in 1947. These resulted in the East Africa (High Commission) Order in Council 1947, which came into effect on 1 January 1948. The purpose of the High Commission was to create a single executive authority with competence in certain areas, without otherwise affecting the constitutional status of Uganda, Kenya and Tanganyika. It would be supported by an accompanying legislature (the Central Legislative Assembly). The 1947 proposals were received badly in Uganda, particularly in Buganda, where the Bataka Party drew successfully on fears that the High Commission would be a supergovernment controlled by Europeans. The creation of the High Commission thereby contributed to the 1949 riots, during which 1,724 Bugandans were arrested.

The High Commission comprised the Governors of the three territories and met two or three times a year under the chairmanship of the Governor of Kenya. It administered, among other things, the postal network, telecommunications, railways and ports, and oversaw the collection of certain taxes. Decisions were taken by unanimity. The secretariat was based in Nairobi and composed almost entirely of British civil servants. The High Commission was responsible for a number of subordinate bodies (including the East African Railways and Harbours Corporation and the East African Posts and Telecommunications Administration), indirectly employing 21,000 people. In 1960 the expenditures of these bodies totalled 125 million dollars.

In June 1961, during the process of decolonisation, representatives of Uganda, Kenya and Tanganyika met in London. They agreed to the creation of the East African Common Services Organization (EACSO), which could provide a similar function to the High Commission following decolonisation. The High Commission was formally replaced by EACSO (which was also headquartered in Nairobi) on 9 December 1961 when Tanganyika became the first of the three East African territories to become independent.

## Central Legislative Assembly

The East Africa (High Commission) Order in Council 1947 also created an East Africa Central Legislative Assembly. The Assembly comprised the principal executive officers of the High Commission, together with a number of nominated and unofficial members representing the legislatures of the Kenya, Uganda and Tanganyika. Legislation passed by the Assembly applied directly across the three territories.

### List of speakers

### Primary sources

* Colonial Office (12 December 1945). *Inter-territorial organisation in East Africa* (PDF). Colonial. Vol. 191. London: H.M. Stationery Office.
* Colonial Office (5 March 1947). *Inter-territorial organisation in East Africa: revised proposals* (PDF). Colonial. Vol. 210. London: H.M. Stationery Office.
* Colonial Office (11 July 1961). *The Future of East Africa High Commission Services* (PDF). Command. Vol. 1433. London: H.M. Stationery Office.

### Secondary sources


title: 1952–53 USM Blida season

abstract: In the 1952–53 season, USM Blida competed in the Division Honneur for the 20th season French colonial era, as well as the Forconi Cup. They competed in Division Honneur, and the Forconi Cup.

text:
# 1952–53 USM Blida season

In the **1952–53 season**, **USM Blida** competed in the Division Honneur for the 20th season French colonial era, as well as the Forconi Cup. They competed in Division Honneur, and the Forconi Cup.

## Pre-season and friendlies

| 31 August 1952 (1952-08-31) Round 1 | **AS Boufarik** | **0–0
(4-2 corners)** | **USM Blida** | Marengo |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Minana (Buc), Massip, Siesse (Chazot), Reguieg, Schmidt, Roman (Pérez), Alonzo, Reichert, Djoudad, Saib, Navarro | Report | Meradi, Madoudou, Zerrouki, Bekhoucha, Boudjeltia, Benhamouda, Bahlouli, Zahzah, Yahia, Rezig Mohamed, Fellous | Referee: M. Khelifi |

## Competitions

### Overview

| Competition | Record | | | | | | | | Started round | Final position / round | First match | Last match |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | G | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win % | | | | |
| Division Honneur | 22 | 8 | 4 | 10 | 23 | 27 | −4 | 036.36 |  | 10th | 14 September 1952 | 3 May 1953 |
| Forconi Cup | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 5 | +0 | 075.00 | Fourth Round | Semi-final | 4 November 1951 | 12 April 1953 |
| Playoffs | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 3 | +2 | 100.00 |  |  | 10 May 1953 | 10 May 1953 |
| Total | 27 | 12 | 4 | 11 | 33 | 35 | −2 | 044.44 |

### Division Honneur

#### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | FC Blida (C) | 22 | 10 | 9 | 3 | 41 | 25 | +16 | 51 | Qualified for North African Championship |
| 2 | MC Alger | 22 | 7 | 10 | 5 | 26 | 23 | +3 | 46 |  |
| 3 | GS Orléansville | 22 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 27 | 19 | +8 | | 46 |
| 4 | Olympique de Marengo | 22 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 34 | 35 | 1 | | 45 |
| 5 | AS Saint Eugène | 22 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 26 | 22 | +4 | | 45 |
| 6 | AS Boufarik | 22 | 9 | 4 | 9 | 30 | 34 | 4 | | 44 |
| 7 | Olympique d'Hussein Dey | 22 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 24 | 27 | 3 | | 44 |
| 8 | RS Alger | 22 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 21 | 20 | +1 | | 43 |
| 9 | Stade Guyotville | 22 | 6 | 9 | 7 | 30 | 33 | 3 | | 43 |
| 10 | USM Blida | 22 | 8 | 4 | 10 | 23 | 27 | 4 | 42 | Qualification for relegation play-offs |
| 11 | SCU El Biar (R) | 22 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 21 | 24 | 3 | | 42 |
| 12 | RU Alger (R) | 22 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 20 | 28 | 8 | 37 | Relegated to 1953–54 First Division |

Source: L'Écho d'Alger
(C) Champions; (R) Relegated
Notes:

#### Results by round

| Round | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ground | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | H | A | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | A | H |
| Result | L | W | L | D | L | L | W | W | L | W | W | L | D | W | D | D | L | L | L | W | L | W |
| Position | 11 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 10 |

Updated to match(es) played on 27 April 1953. Source: Competitive matches
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss

### Matches

Win   Draw   Loss

| 14 September 1952 (1952-09-14) Round 1 | **USM Blida** | **0–1** | **Stade Guyotville** | Blida |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

Meradi, Bekhoucha Raouti, Zerrouki, Rezig Mohamed, Boudjeltia, Yahia, Begga, Madoudou, Dahmane, Brakni, Boumbadji. | Report | Cambrésy  48'

Zaidi, Salord, Ballester V., Errera, Elorrens, Haddad, Cambrésy, Bonnet, Vitiello, Clofei, Cuba | Stadium: USB Stadium
Attendance: 1.800
Referee: M. Attanasio Janvier |

| 21 September 1952 (1952-09-21) Round 2 | **AS Saint Eugène** | **1–2** | **USM Blida** | Saint Eugène |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Valenza  49'

Schneider, Aboulker, Bérenguer, Oliver, Valenza, Nuevo, Alarcon, Brouel, Rouet, Boret, Buffard | Report | Boumbadji  5'
Dahmane  64'

Meradi, Rezig Mohamed, Mansouri, Zerrouki, Boudjeltia, Bekhoucha Raouti, Mahieddine, Chalane, Brakni, Dahmane, Boumbadji | Stadium: Stade Communal de Saint Eugène
Attendance: 6.500
Referee: M. Rivieccio |

| 5 October 1952 (1952-10-05) Round 4 | **FC Blida** | **0–0** | **USM Blida** | Blida |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |
Guarguillo, Giner, Gasque Paul, Hasni, Jelineck, Riéra, Espi, Camand, Meftah, Sicard, Rais | Report |
Meradi, Bouguerra, Mansouri, Echikr Abdelkader (injured 72'); Hadji, Boudjeltia; Sebkhaoui, Chalane, Mahieddine, Brakni, Boumbadji | Stadium: USB Stadium
Attendance: 2.500
Referee: M. Kerrachi |

| 12 October 1952 (1952-10-12) Round 5 | **USM Blida** | **1–2** | **AS Boufarik** | Blida |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Hadji  54'

Meradi, Bouguerra, Mansouri, Zerrouki, Hadji, Boudjeltia, Kebaili ou Sebkhaoui, Chalane, Mahieddine, Brakni, Boumbadji | Report | Navarro Antoine  5', 24'

Buc, Massip, Chazot, Schmidt, Roman, Riechert, Said-Said, Navarro A., Navarro V., Vimum | Stadium: USB Stadium
Attendance: 2.700
Referee: M. Khalfoun |

| 19 October 1952 (1952-10-19) Round 6 | **SCU El-Biar** | **3–1** | **USM Blida** | El-Biar |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Vidal  74'
Moungad  76'
Sardi  80'

Benoit, Bonnemaiso, Chakor, P. Vidal, Catrier, De Villeuneuve, Sardi, H. Vidal, Espinos, Moungad, Falzon | Report | Boumbadji  67'

Meradi, Bouguerra, Mansouri, Zouakou, Hadji, Madoudou, Chalane, Boudjeltia, Mahieddine, Brakni, Boumbadji | Attendance: 2.000
Referee: M. Vals |

| 26 October 1952 (1952-10-26) Round 7 | **USM Blida** | **3–0** | **Olympique d'Hussein Dey** | Blida |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Madoudou  47'
Brakni  63'
Mahieddine  77'

Meradi, Mansouri, Zouakou, Bouguerra, Hadji, Boudjeltia, Yahia, Madoudou, Mahieddine, Brakni, Boumbadji | Report |

Sanchez, Santiago, Tudori, Kamal, Scriba, Corolen, Lefumat, Fez, Gomez, Senane, Vals | Stadium: USB Stadium
Attendance: 2.600
Referee: M. Salort |

| 16 November 1952 (1952-11-16) Round 8 | **RU Alger** | **0–1** | **USM Blida** | Belcourt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

Lavoignat, Rocher, Brouillet, Daube, Friand, Dubuc, Lorenzo, Florit, Sarrazin, Haffar, Ferrari | Report | Mahieddie  3'

Bayou, Bouguerra, Mansouri, Bekhoucha Raouti, Hadji, Boudjeltia, Bensamet, Madoudou, Mahieddine, Brakni, Boumbadji | Stadium: Stade municipal
Referee: M. Vals |

| 23 November 1952 (1952-11-23) Round 9 | **USM Blida** | **0–1** | **MC Alger** | Blida |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

Bayou, Bouguerra, Mansouri, Rezig Mohamed, Hadji, Boudjeltia, Bensamet, Bekhoucha Raouti, Mahieddine, Brakni, Boumbadji | Report | Deguigui  76'

Mekirèche, Hamoutène, Kouar, Hamid, Deguigui, Ouargli, Dahmoun, Abdelaoui, Oualiken, Lekhal, Hahah | Stadium: USB Stadium
Attendance: 3.000
Referee: M. Lapasset |

| 7 December 1952 (1952-12-07) Round 10 | **USM Blida** | **1–0** | **GS Orléansville** | Blida |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Boudjeltia  50'

Bayou, Rezig Mohamed, Mansouri, Bekhoucha Raouti, Hadji, Bouguerra, Madoudou, Boudjeltia, Mahieddine, Dahmane, Boumbadji | Report |

Merle, Aubert, Baiza, Mellet, Da Silva, Messaoui Benali, Daoud, Mihoubi, Gévaudan, Kettib, Zourgane | Stadium: USB Stadium
Attendance: 2.000
Referee: M. Fourrier |

| 21 December 1952 (1952-12-21) Round 11 | **Olympique de Marengo** | **2–3** | **USM Blida** | Marengo |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Lanata  20'
Loza  72'

Duhin, Mougeot, Miramond, Torrent, Navarette, Bessonne, Loza, Lanata, Chatelaine, Yantrène, Turbessy | Report | Dahmane  28'
Boumbadji  38', 55'

Bayou, Rezig Mohamed, Mansouri, Bekhoucha Raouti, Hadji, Bouguerra, Begga, Boudjeltia, Mahieddine, Dahmane, Boumbadji | Attendance: 2.100
Referee: M. Attanasio A. |

| 28 December 1952 (1952-12-28) Round 12 | **Stade Guyotville** | **3–0** | **USM Blida** | Guyotville |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Vitiello  ?', ?' ()
Errera

Zaidi, Lubrano, Ballester V., De Pasquale, Gioffi, Haddadi, Camrési, Llorens, Vitiello, Lekhal, Herréra\> |  |

Bayou, Rezig Mohamed, Mansouri, Bekhoucha Raouti, Bouguerra, Hadji, Begga, Boudjeltia, Mahieddine, Dahmane, Boumbadji | Attendance: 1.100
Referee: M. Kerrachi |

| 18 January 1953 (1953-01-18) Round 13 | **USM Blida** | **0–0** | **AS Saint Eugène** | Blida |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

Bayou, Bouguerra, Mansouri, Bekhoucha Raouti, Zouakou, Hadji, Sebkhaoui, Boudjeltia, Brakni, Dahmane, Boumbadji | Report |

Schneider, Bourkika, Beringuer, Aboulker, Valenza, Berah, Favre, Brouel, Aouadj, Buffard, Rivas | Stadium: USB Stadium
Attendance: 3.000
Referee: M. Giner |

| 25 January 1953 (1953-01-25) Round 14 | **RS Alger** | **0–2** | **USM Blida** | Belcourt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

Diehl, Vermeuil, Caillat, Llorens, Mayans, Magliozzi I, Maouch, Salem, Ponsetti, Magliozzi II, Zaibeck | Report | Brakni  35'
Sebkhaoui  57'

Bayou, Bekhoucha Raouti, Mansouri, Bouguerra, Madoudou, Hadji, Sebkhaoui, Boudjeltia, Brakni, Dahmane, Ousser | Stadium: Stade municipal
Referee: M. Fourrié |

| 15 February 1953 (1953-02-15) Round 15 | **USM Blida** | **3–3** | **FC Blida** | Blida |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Boumbadji  46'
Brakni  56'
Sebkhaoui  63'

Bayou, Bouguerra, Mansouri, Bekhoucha Raouti, Hadji, Madoudou, Sebkhaoui, Boudjeltia, Brakni, Dahmane, Boumbadji | Report | Sicard  9'
Rahis  19'
Ruiz  51'

Guarguillo, Casc, Hasni, Riéra, Giner, Espi, Camand, Ruiz, Sicard, Meftah, Rahis | Stadium: USB Stadium
Attendance: 2.500
Referee: M. Riveccio |

| 22 February 1953 (1953-02-22) Round 16 | **AS Boufarik** | **0–0** | **USM Blida** | Boufarik |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

Gehin, Massip, Reguieg, Navarro A., Schmidt, Pérez, Briones, Voméro, Said, Reichert, Navarro V. | Report |

Bayou, Bouguerra, Mansouri, Bekhoucha Raouti, Boudjeltia, Hadji, Ousser, Dahmane, Bahlouli Ben Lakdar, Brakni, Madoudou | Attendance: 1.800
Referee: M. Salort |

| 1 March 1953 (1953-03-01) Round 17 | **USM Blida** | **0–1** | **SCU El Biar** | Blida |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

Bayou, Bouguerra, Mansouri, Bekhoucha Raouti, Hadji, Madoudou, Sebkhaoui, Boudjeltia, Brakni, Dahmane, Ousser | Report | Balogh  7'

Benoit, Bennemaiso, Chakor, Vidal P. Gorgue, De Villeneuve, Gimenez, Figuières, Lopez, Boukoussa, Balogh | Stadium: USB Stadium
Attendance: 2.000
Referee: M. Belkessa |

| 15 March 1953 (1953-03-15) Round 18 | **Olympique d'Hussein Dey** | **1–0** | **USM Blida** | Hussein Dey |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Perret  83'

Erhard, Montovani, Fiol, Vals, Santiago, Scriba, Perret, Serrano, Gomez, Lefumat, Saidi | Report |

Bayou, Bouguerra, Bekhoucha Raouti, Hadji, Mansouri, Boudjeltia, Ousser, Madoudou, Brakni, Dahmane, Boumbadji | Stadium: Stade Communal de Hussein Dey
Attendance: 2.000
Referee: M. Derradji |

| 29 March 1953 (1953-03-29) Round 19 | **USM Blida** | **0–1** | **RU Alger** | Blida |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

Bayou, Mansouri, Bouguerra, Bekhoucha Raouti, Hadji, Boudjeltia, Madoudou, Brakni, Mahieddine, Boumbadji, Ousser | Report | Baylé  80'

Durandeu, Ségura, Brouillet, Bousier, Tréand, Jasseron, Coll, Riveccio, Baylé, Lorenzo, Rocher | Stadium: USB Stadium
Referee: M. Attanasio Janvier |

| 19 April 1953 (1953-04-19) Round 20 | **MC Alger** | **0–1** | **USM Blida** | Saint Eugène |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

Mekidèche, Aftouche, Kouar, Smaïl Khabatou, Ouargli, Hamid, Dahmoune, Gadi, Bouhired, Guitoun, Hahad | Report | Mahieddine  6'

Bayou, Bouguerra, Mansouri, Bekhoucha Raouti, Hadji, Boudjeltia, Dahmane, Brakni, Mahieddine, Ousser, Boumbadji | Stadium: Stade Communal de Saint Eugène
Referee: M. Riveccio |

| 26 April 1953 (1953-04-26) Round 21 | **GS Orléansville** | **3–1** | **USM Blida** | Orléansville |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Daoud  56'
Gevaudan  58'
Bertoli  62'

Merle, Aubert, Maiza, Mellet, Messaoui Benali, Da Silva, Bertoli, Zorgane, Gevaudan, Mihoubi | Report | Chalane  14'

Bayou, Bekhoucha Raouti, Mansouri, Bouguerra, Hadji, Boudjeltia, Begga, Chalane, Mahieddine, Dahmane, Ousser | Stadium: Stade Joseph Robert
Referee: M. Lapasset |

| 3 May 1953 (1953-05-03) Round 22 | **USM Blida** | **2–1** | **Olympique de Marengo** | Blida |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Chalane  19'
Mahieddine  22'

Bayou, Zerrouki, Bekhoucha Raouti, Bouguerra, Hadji, Yahia, Bensamet, Chalane, Mahieddine, Ousser, Boudjeltia | Report | Miramond  33'

Duhin, Mongeot, Dreuil, Abba, Lanata, Navaret, Chatelaine, Zoubir, Miramont, Loza, Turbessy | Stadium: USB Stadium
Attendance: 2.200
Referee: M. Attanasio |

### Play-off

| 10 May 1953 (1953-05-10) 1 | **USM Blida** | **5–3** | **SCU El-Biar** | Belcourt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15h 30 | Hadji  2'
Bensamet  39', 75'
Brakni  43'
Yahia  44'

Bayou, Bouguerra, Bekhoucha Raouti, Ousser, Hadji, Chalane, Bensamet, Yahia, Mahieddine, Brakni, Boumbadji | Report | Balogh  5'
De Villeneuve  72', 82'

Benolt, Vidal P, Chakor, Gorgue, Gimenez, De Villeneuve, Boukoussa, Vidal H, Lopez, Falzon, Balogh | Stadium: Stade municipal
Attendance: 1.800
Referee: M. Rivieccio |

## Forconi Cup

| 2 November 1952 (1952-11-02) 4th | **USM Blida** | **2–1** | **GS Alger** | Boufarik |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Boumbadji  3'
Hadji  71'

Meradi, Bekhoucha Raouti, Mansouri, Bouguerra, Hadji, Boudjeltia, Madoudou, Brakni, Bahlouli Ben Lakdar, Mahieddine, Boumbadji | Report | Déléo  32'

Fabiano, Ferrasse, Belmonte, Salva, Calmus, Torrès, Gambarutti, Fortuné, Biton, Cerdan, Déléo | Attendance: 6.167
Referee: M. Rivieccio |

| 30 November 1952 (1952-11-30) 5th | **USM Blida** | **2–0** | **AS Kouba** | Algiers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Boudjeltia  20'
Hadji  63'

Bayou, Bekhoucha Raouti, Mansouri, Rezig Mohamed, Bouguerra, Hadji, Boumbadji, Brakni, Mahieddine, Boudjeltia, Chalane | Report |

Candéla, Ouil, Ariandis, Poizat, Amraoui, Guillaumin, Chambon, Martinache, Hadadi, Impérato, Rossetti | Stadium: 20 August 1955 Stadium (Algiers) |

| 22 March 1953 (1953-03-22) Quarter-final | **USM Blida** | **1–0** | **RS Alger** | Boufarik |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Zerrouki  87'

Bayou; Bekhoucha Raouti, Mansouri, Madoudou, Hadji, Boudjeltia, Zouakou; Brakni, Zerrouki, Boumbadji, Ousser | Report |

Diehl, Flexas, Mayans, Senane, Zérapha, Berterent, Vermeuil, Salem, Maouche, MAgliozzi II, Llorens | Attendance: 1.000
Referee: M. Attanasio |

| 12 April 1953 (1953-04-12) Semi-final | **FC Blida** | **4–0** | **USM Blida** | Blida |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Meftah  20', 26', 32'
Rahis  74'

Garguillo, Cau, Gasque Paul, Hasni, Sicard, Riéra, Espi, Torrès, Meftah, Ruiz, Rais | Report |

Bayou, Mansouri, Bouguerra, Bekhoucha Raouti, Yahia, Hadji, Bensamet, Chalane, Mahieddine, Dahmane, Ousser | Stadium: FCB Stadium
Attendance: 1.800
Referee: M. Khelifi |

## North African Cup

| 4 January 1953 (1953-01-04) Round of 16 | **SC Bel-Abbès** | **4–0** | **USM Blida** | Oran |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Amato Olmiccia  7', 55', 77'
Djilali Aber  85'

Di Orio
Jean-Pierre Martinez
Cano
Manolo Rodriguez
Domingo
Slimane Benyamina
Djilali Aber
Antoine Diaz
Hubert Gros (c)
Beraguas
Amato Olmiccia

**René Rebibo** | Report |

Saïd Bayou
Rezig
Ali Mansouri
Routhi Bekhoucha
Rachid Hadji
Belkacem Bouguerra (c)
Mohamed Boudjeltia
Mokhtar Dahmane
Rabah Zerrouki
Braham Brakni
Benyoucef Boumbadji

**Ahmed Benhoura** | Stadium: Stade Monréal
Attendance: 4.500
Referee:  Morocco Franco |

## Squad information

### Playing statistics

| Pos. | Name | Division Honneur | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FC | | | | PO | PO | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | |
| GK | Bayou |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |  | X | X | X | X | X | 20 |
| GK | Meradi | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |  |  |  |  | 8 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| DF | Mansouri |  | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |  | X | X | X | X |  | X | 25 |
| DF | Bekhoucha Raouti | X | X | X | **Suspended** | | |  | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 24 |
| DF | Bouguerra |  |  |  | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |  | X | X | X | 24 |
| DF | Rezig | X | X |  |  |  |  |  |  | X | X | X | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |  |  | X | 8 |
| DF | Zerrouki | X | X | X | **SS** | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |  | X |  |  | X | 7 |
| DF | Soum Yahia | X |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |  |  | X | X |  | 5 |
| DF | Zouakou |  |  |  |  |  | X | X |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |  |  | 4 |
| DF | Begga | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |
| DF | Zahzah |  |  | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |
| DF | Echikr |  |  |  | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| MF | Boudjeltia | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |  |  | X | 26 |
| MF | Madoudou | X |  | X |  |  | X | X | X |  | X |  |  |  | X | X | X | X | X | X |  |  |  | X |  | X |  |  |  | 14 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| FW | Hadji |  |  |  | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 25 |
| FW | Brakni | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |  |  |  | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |  |  | X | X | X |  | X | X | 22 |
| FW | Boumbadji | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |  | X |  |  | X | X | X |  |  | X | X | X |  | X | X | 22 |
| FW | Mahieddine |  | X |  | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |  |  |  |  |  |  | X | X | X | X | X | X |  | X | X |  | 18 |
| FW | Dahmane | X | X | X |  |  |  |  |  |  | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |  | X | X |  |  |  |  | X |  | X | 16 |
| FW | Ousser |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |  |  | X | X | X |  | 11 |
| FW | Chalane |  | X | X | X | X | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X | X |  | X |  | X | X |  | 10 |
| FW | Sebkhaoui |  |  |  | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X | X | X |  | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |
| FW | Bensamet |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |  |  | X | X |  | 5 |
| FW | Bahlouli |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |  |  |  |  |  | X |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |
| FW | Kebaili |  |  |  |  | X |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |

### Goalscorers

Meradi (Bayou) Mansouri Bouguerra Bekhoucha Hadji Boudjeltia Chalane Boumbadji Mahieddine Dahmane Brakni USM Blida 1952-1953

*Includes all competitive matches. The list is sorted alphabetically by surname when total goals are equal.*

| Nat. | Player | Pos. | DH | FC | PO | TOTAL |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Benyoucef Boumbadji | FW | 5 | 1 | 0 | 6 |
|  | Sid Ali Mahieddine | FW | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
|  | Mohamed Boudjeltia | MF | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
|  | Braham Brakni | FW | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
|  | Rachid Hadji | FW | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
|  | Mokhtar Dahmane | FW | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
|  | M'hamed Sebkhaoui | FW | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
|  | Belkacem Chalane | FW | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
|  | Kaddour Bensamet | FW | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
|  | Mohamed Madoudou | MF | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
|  | Rabah Zerrouki | DF | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
|  | Yahia Soum | DF | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Own Goals | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| **Totals** | | | **23** | **5** | **5** | **33** |

## Transfers

La liste complète des mutations dans la ligue d'Alger (F.F.F.)

### In

| Pos | Player | From club |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Mohamed Kritli | FC Blida |
|  | Mohamed Abbad | US Blida |
|  | M'hamed Benhafessa | US Blida |
|  | Abded Ghomari | US Blida |
|  | Mohamed Boudjeltia | SCM Blida |

### Out

| Pos | Player | To club |
| --- | --- | --- |
| GK | Abderrahmane Menacer | FC Blida |
|  | Mustapha Djellouli | SCM Blida |
|

## Youths teams

Reserve teamPosition: 3

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | USM Blida | 22 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 |

Source: Source Third teamPosition: 1

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | USM Blida | 18 | 12 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 |

Source:  Junior teamPosition: 6

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | USM Blida | 22 | 9 | 4 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44 |

Source:  Cadet teamPosition: 6

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | USM Blida | 20 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 |

Source:  Minime teamPosition: 7

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | USM Blida | 20 | 4 | 7 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35 |

Source:    1. "L'ASB a enelvé la Coupe *LOUIS VERDU* devant le SCUEB, l'USMB et l'OM". *Alger républicain* (in French): 5. 31 August 1953.
2. "Final table 1953-1954". *L'Écho d'Alger: Journal républicain du matin* (in French). 3 May 1953.
3. "La liste complète des mutations dans la ligue d'Alger (F.F.F.)". *L'Écho d'Alger: Journal républicain du matin*. FR. 27 July 1952.

## InfoBox

USM Blida
| 1952–53 season | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| President | Bachir Abdelouahab |
| Head coach | Mohamed Benhoura |
| Stadium | USB Stadium, Blida |
| Division Honneur | 11th /12 |
| Forconi Cup | Semi-final |
| Top goalscorer | League: Benyoucef Boumbadji (5)
All: Benyoucef Boumbadji (6) |
| Highest home attendance | 3,000 (vs MC Alger, 23 November 1952) |
| Lowest home attendance | 1,800 (vs Stade Guyotville, 14 September 1952) |
| Average home league attendance | 2,194 |
| Biggest win | 5–3
v SCU El-Biar, 10 May 1953 |
| Biggest defeat | 0–4
v FC Blida, 12 April 1953 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


# 1810 United States House of Representatives election in Georgia

Georgia elected its members on October 1, 1810.

| District | Incumbent | | | This race | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Georgia at-large
4 seats on a general ticket | William W. Bibb | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected. | **William W. Bibb** (Democratic-Republican) 24.4%
**George Troup** (Democratic-Republican) 22.7%
**Howell Cobb** (Democratic-Republican) 16.9%
**Bolling Hall** (Democratic-Republican) 12.6%
Elijah Clarke (Democratic-Republican) 10.7%
John Forsyth (Democratic-Republican) 9.1%
James Elliot (Federalist) 3.6% |
| | George Troup | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
| | Howell Cobb | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
| | Dennis Smelt | Democratic-Republican | 1806 (Special) | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold. | |


title: Domingos Torrado

abstract: Domingos Torrado, O.S.A. (1555–1612) was a Roman Catholic prelate who was named as Titular Bishop of Fisicula (1605–1612). He is also known as Domingos Terrado or Domingos da Trinidade.

text:
# Domingos Torrado

**Domingos Torrado, O.S.A.** (1555–1612) was a Roman Catholic prelate who was named as Titular Bishop of *Fisicula* (1605–1612). He is also known as **Domingos Terrado** or **Domingos da Trinidade**.

## Biography

Domingos Torrado da Trinidade was born in Elvas, Portugal in 1555 and ordained a priest in the Order of Saint Augustine. He served as vicar general of his congregation. He traveled to Asia where he founded a convent in Colombo. On 7 Feb 1605, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement VIII as Titular Bishop of *Fiscula* and auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Goa (some sources name him as titular bishop of *Salé*). On 13 Apr 1608, he was consecrated bishop by Alexeu de Jesu de Meneses, Archbishop of Goa. In 1610, de Meneses returned to Europe and Torrado served as administrator of the Archdiocese. On 21 January 1612, Pope Paul V separated the east coast of Africa (from the Cape of Guardafui in the north to the Cape of Good Hope in the south) from the territory of the Archdiocese of Goa creating an separate ecclesiastical territory (*prelature nullius*) and named Torrado as the first Administrator of the Prelature of Mozambique. He never succeeded as Administrator of Mozambique as he died on 30 Dec 1612 in Goa.

## InfoBox

| Most Reverend
Domingos Torrado da Trinidade | |
| --- | --- |
| Titular Bishop of *Fisicula*
Auxiliary Bishop of Goa | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Archdiocese | Archdiocese of Goa |
| In office | 1605–1612 |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | 13 Apr 1608
by Alexeu de Jesu de Meneses |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1555 (1555)
Elvas, Portugal |
| Died | December 30, 1612(1612-12-30) (aged 56–57)
Goa |


abstract: The 1991 Purefoods Tender Juicy Hotdogs season was the fourth season of the franchise in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA).

text:
# 1991 Purefoods Tender Juicy Hotdogs season

The **1991 Purefoods Tender Juicy Hotdogs season** was the fourth season of the franchise in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA).

## Draft picks

| Round | Pick | Player | Details |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 6 | Rudy Enterina | Signed |
| 2 |  | Joey Santamaria | Signed |
|

## Occurrences

The March 17 game between Purefoods and Shell was put under protest when Hotdogs import Richard Hollis converted on a follow-up shot as time expired giving the Hotdogs a one-point win, 124-123. The controversial match was ordered to be replayed and scheduled on April 9.

When Purefoods defeated Pepsi Hotshots, 105-95 in Cabanatuan City on March 23, a fistfight occurred between guards Dindo Pumaren and Jun Reyes of Pepsi with only 1:30 left in the game. It was further aggravated when hotdogs rookie Joey Santamaria entered the fray.

Following a 107-124 loss to Shell during the first round of the semifinals in the First Conference on April 18, coach Baby Dalupan has submitted his resignation, citing indifferences with the Purefoods management as his reason for quitting the team. Assistant coach Ely Capacio took over the vacant spot left by the league's winningest coach.

Import Richard Hollis left the team unnoticed prior to their must-win situation against Ginebra San Miguel during the last playing date of the semifinals in the First Conference on May 2. It was the second time in Purefoods history that an import deserted them in an all-important game.

Pepsi Cola tendered an offer sheet amounting to P25.3 million for the services of Hotdogs' forward Alvin Patrimonio, whose contract expired on June 30. The Purefoods management matched Pepsi's tempting offer, making Alvin Patrimonio the highest paid cager in the league.

## Championship

The Purefoods Tender Juicy Hotdogs won their first All-Filipino crown over corporate rival Diet Sarsi. The finals victory was the Hotdogs' second title in the last three conferences.

## Awards

* Alvin Patrimonio won the Most Valuable Player trophy.
* Jerry Codiñera made it to the Mythical second team and he and Glenn Capacio were named to the All-defensive team.

## Roster

1991 Purefoods Tender Juicy Hotdogs roster
| Players | Coaches |
| --- | --- |
| Pos. # POB Name Height Weight DOB (YYYY–MM–DD) From  G/F 4  Reyes, Elmer 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)   San Beda  G/F 9  Cabahug, Boy 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m)   Visayas  10  Pumaren, Dindo 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m)   De La Salle  11  Asaytono, Nelson 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)   Manila  G/F 12  Capacio, Glenn 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)   Far Eastern  F/C 15  Santamaria, Joey 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)   De La Salle  16  Patrimonio, Alvin 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)   Mapúa  17  Tan, Leoncio 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m)   De La Salle  24  Enterina, Rudy 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m)   Visayas  31  Codinera, Harmon 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m)   Far Eastern  44  Codinera, Jerry 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)   UE | Head coach Assistant coach(es) Team manager   ---  Legend * **(C)** Team captain * Injured |

## Transactions

### Trades

### Additions

| **Player** | **Signed** | **Former team** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Leoncio Tan, Jr | Off-season | Sarsi |
| Harmon Codiñera | June 1991 | Alaska |

### Subtractions

| **Player** | **Signed** | **New team** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Jack Tanuan | April 1991 | Diet Sarsi |

### Recruited imports

| Name | Conference | No. | Pos. | Ht. | College | Duration |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Richard Hollis | First Conference | 00 | Guard-Forward | 6"4' | University of Houston | February 17 to April 30 |
| Darryl Johnson | Third Conference | 3 | Guard | 6"1' | Michigan State University | September 17–24 |
| Sedric Toney | | 3 | Guard-Forward | 6"2' | University of Dayton | October 1–27 |
|

## Win–loss record

| **Season Rank** | **GP** | **Win** | **Lost** | **Pct.** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6th Overall | 57 | 27 | 30 | 0.474 |

## InfoBox

| 1991 Purefoods Tender Juicy Hotdogs season | |
| --- | --- |
| Head coach | Baby Dalupan
Ely Capacio |
| General Manager | Domingo Panganiban |
| Owner(s) | Purefoods Corporation |
| First Conference results | |
| Record | 1012
(45.5%) |
| Place | 4th |
| Playoff finish | Semifinals |
| All-Filipino Conference results | |
| Record | 159
(62.5%) |
| Place | 1st |
| Playoff finish | Champions |
| Third Conference results | |
| Record | 29
(18.2%) |
| Place | 8th |
| Playoff finish | Eliminated |
| Purefoods Tender Juicy Hotdogs seasons | |
|


title: 1992 in Japanese television

abstract: Events in 1992 in Japanese television.

text:
# 1992 in Japanese television

Events in **1992 in Japanese television**.

## Debuts

| Show | Station | Premiere date | Genre | Original run |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *The Brave Fighter of Legend Da-Garn* | Nagoya TV | February 8 | Anime | February 8, 1992 – January 23, 1993 |
| *Cooking Papa* | TV Asahi | April 9 | Anime | April 9, 1992 – May 25, 1995 |
| *Crayon Shin-chan* | TV Asahi | April 13 | Anime | April 13, 1992 - present |
| *The Girl in the Wind: Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair* | TV Tokyo | October 15 | Anime | October 15, 1992 – September 30, 1993 |
| *Kyōryū Sentai Zyuranger* | TV Asahi | February 21 | Tokusatsu | February 21, 1992 – February 12, 1993 |
| *Sono toki Heartwa Nusumareta* | Fuji TV | November 19 | Drama | November 19, 1992 – December 17, 1992 |
| *Space Knight Tekkaman Blade* | TV Tokyo | February 18 | Anime | February 18, 1992 - February 2, 1993 |
| *The Girl in the Wind: Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair* | TV Tokyo | February 18 | Anime | February 18, 1992 – February 2, 1993 |
| *Tokusou Exceedraft* | TV Asahi | February 2 | Tokusatsu | February 2, 1992 – January 24, 1993 |
| *Sailor Moon* | TV Asahi | March 7 | anime | March 7, 1992 – February 8, 1997 |
| *YuYu Hakusho* | Fuji TV | October 10 | Anime | October 10, 1992 - January 7, 1995 |

## Ongoing shows

## Endings

| Show | Station | Ending date | Genre | Original run |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Chibi Maruko-chan* | Fuji TV | September 27 | Anime | January 7, 1990 – September 27, 1992 |
| *Chōjin Sentai Jetman* | TV Asahi | February 14 | Tokusatsu | February 15, 1991 – February 14, 1992 |
| *Dragon Quest: The Adventure of Dai* | TBS | September 24 | Anime | October 17, 1991 – September 24, 1992 |
| *Ranma ½ Nettohen* | Fuji TV | September 25 | Anime | October 20, 1989 – September 25, 1992 |
| *The Brave Fighter of Sun Fighbird* | Nagoya TV | February 1 | Anime | February 2, 1991 – February 1, 1992 |
| *Tokkyuu Shirei Solbrain* | TV Asahi | January 26 | Tokusatsu | January 20, 1991 – January 26, 1992 |
| *YAWARA! a fashionable judo girl* | Yomiuri TV | September 21 | Anime | October 16, 1989 – September 21, 1992 |

## InfoBox

| List of years in Japanese television |
| --- |
|  |
| *+...* |


title: En Bommukutty Ammavukku

abstract: En Bommukutty Ammavuku is a 1988 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by Fazil, starring Sathyaraj, Suhasini, Raghuvaran, Rekha and Geetu Mohandas. It is a remake of Fazil's own Malayalam film Ente Mamattukkuttiyammakku (1983). The film was released on 15 April 1988.

text:
# En Bommukutty Ammavukku

***En Bommukutty Ammavuku*** (transl.My doll is for mother) is a 1988 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by Fazil, starring Sathyaraj, Suhasini, Raghuvaran, Rekha and Geetu Mohandas. It is a remake of Fazil's own Malayalam film *Ente Mamattukkuttiyammakku* (1983). The film was released on 15 April 1988.

## Plot

Lakshmi and Vinod, a couple who lost their daughter in an accident, decide to adopt a girl from the local orphanage. But problems arise when the child's biological parents Mercy and Alex seek to find her.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja.

Track listing
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Singer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Chitra Chittugal" | Muthulingam | K. S. Chithra | 4:32 |
| 2. | "Uyire" | Piraisoodan | K. J. Yesudas, K. S. Chithra | 4:33 |
| 3. | "Kuyile" (duet) | Gangai Amaran | K. J. Yesudas, K. S. Chithra | 4:25 |
| 4. | "Patharamathu" | Vaali | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Malaysia Vasudevan | 3:48 |
| 5. | "Yaiyaiya Yaiyaiya" |  | Ilaiyaraaja, K. S. Chithra, Yuvan Shankar Raja | 1:50 |
| 6. | "Kuyile" (female) | Gangai Amaran | K. S. Chithra, Bhavatharini | 4:22 |
| 7. | "Bommu Kutti" | Vaali | K. J. Yesudas | 4:30 |
| 8. | "Nallorgal Unnai" | Gangai Amaran | K. S. Chithra | 0:46 |
| 9. | "Kuyile" (male) | Gangai Amaran | K. J. Yesudas | 4:17 |
| Total length: | | | | 33:03 |

## Reception

*The Indian Express* wrote, "The script moves ever so gracefully plumbing the depths of a bereaved couple's predicament." The reviewer went on to say, "Fazil seems to have given a great deal of thought to every scene. The only drawback of the film ironically contributed by music director Ilayaraja, whose brother Baskar is the film's producer. The one man who is allowed to indulge himself is Ilayaraja (too many songs). After all, it's as good as being his own film".

## InfoBox

| En Bommukutty Ammavukku | |
| --- | --- |
| Poster | |
| Directed by | Fazil |
| Written by | Fazil
Gokula Krishnan (dialogues) |
| Produced by | R. D. Bhaskar |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Ananda Kuttan |
| Edited by | T. R. Shekharr |
| Music by | Ilaiyaraaja |
| Production
company | Pavalar Creations |
| Release date | * 15 April 1988 (1988-04-15) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Tamil |


title: Encrasicholina intermedia

abstract: Encrasicholina intermedia, the shiner anchovy, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Engraulidae. It is found in the western Indian Ocean.

text:
# Encrasicholina intermedia

***Encrasicholina intermedia***, the **shiner anchovy**, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Engraulidae. It is found in the western Indian Ocean.

## Size

This species reaches a length of 7.5 cm (3.0 in).

## InfoBox

| Shiner anchovy | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Clupeiformes |
| Family: | Engraulidae |
| Genus: | *Encrasicholina* |
| Species: | ***E. intermedia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Encrasicholina intermedia***
Hata & Motomura, 2016 | |
|


title: Empress Dowager Duan (Murong Chao)

abstract: Empress Dowager Duan was an empress dowager of the Xianbei-led Chinese Southern Yan dynasty. She was the mother of the last emperor, Murong Chao. During the Former Yan dynasty, Lady Duan, was the wife and probably princess of Murong Na (慕容納) the Prince of Beihai. After Former Yan's destruction by Former Qin in 370, the Former Qin emperor Fu Jiān initially made Murong Na a commandery governor, but later Murong Na was relieved from that post and relocated, along with his mother Lady Gongsun and Lady Duan to be with his younger brother Murong De, who was the governor of Zhangye Commandery. Later, when Murong Na's brothers Murong De and Murong Chui rebelled against Former Qin in 384, with Murong Chui establishing Later Yan and becoming its emperor, Fu Chang (苻昌) the new governor of Zhangye arrested and executed Murong Na and all sons of Murong De and Murong Na. At that time, Lady Duan was not executed because she was pregnant, but she was imprisoned to await execution after she gave birth. However, the jailer Huyan Ping (呼延平) was a former subordinate of Murong De's, and he took Lady Gongsun and Lady Duan and escaped to the lands of the Qiang tribes, where Lady Duan gave birth to Murong Chao. After Lady Gongsun died in 394, Huyan Ping took Lady Duan and Murong Chao to Later Liang. Later, after Later Liang surrendered to Later Qin in 403, Huyan Ping, Lady Duan, and Murong Chao were among the populace of the Later Liang capital Guzang forcibly relocated to the Later Qin capital Chang'an. There, Huyan Ping died, and Lady Duan had Murong Chao take Huyan Ping's daughter as his wife. In 405, after Murong De, who had by then established Southern Yan and become its emperor, had become aware that Murong Chao was being detained in Chang'an, he sent secret messengers to encourage him to flee to Southern Yan. Murong Chao did not dare to tell even his mother and wife, and fled to Southern Yan. As Murong De had no surviving sons, he made Murong Chao his crown prince, and after he died later that year, Murong Chao succeeded him as emperor. One thing that Murong Chao immediately opened negotiations with Later Qin on was to request Later Qin to deliver his mother and wife to him. Murong Chao accepted the Later Qin emperor Yao Xing's terms—submit as a vassal, and also to deliver Former Qin imperial musicians who had become Southern Yan court musicians to Later Qin. In 407, Yao Xing delivered Lady Duan and Lady Huyan to Southern Yan. Murong Chao did not immediately honor Lady Duan as empress dowager, perhaps because Murong De's wife Empress Duan Jifei was already empress dowager. However, he did so in 408. Murong Chao's rule was an arbitrary and incompetent one, and the Southern Yan state suffered greatly, particularly after he provoked Jin by attacking its borders and capturing its people to be trained as replacement musicians in 409. This drew a major attack by the Jin general Liu Yu, and in 410, the Southern Yan capital Guanggu fell, and Southern Yan was no more. Murong Chao was executed, and he entrusted his mother and wife to the Jin official Liu Jingxuan (劉敬宣), who had once been a Southern Yan subject. However, no further records about the fate of Empress Dowager Duan was recorded, and it was quite possible that she was executed as well, as Liu Yu executed large numbers of Southern Yan officials and nobles.

text:
# Empress Dowager Duan (Murong Chao)

**Empress Dowager Duan** (段太后, personal name unknown) was an empress dowager of the Xianbei-led Chinese Southern Yan dynasty. She was the mother of the last emperor, Murong Chao.

During the Former Yan dynasty, Lady Duan, was the wife and probably princess of Murong Na (慕容納) the Prince of Beihai. After Former Yan's destruction by Former Qin in 370, the Former Qin emperor Fu Jiān initially made Murong Na a commandery governor, but later Murong Na was relieved from that post and relocated, along with his mother Lady Gongsun and Lady Duan to be with his younger brother Murong De, who was the governor of Zhangye Commandery (張掖, roughly modern Zhangye, Gansu). (Murong Na and Murong De had the same mother.) Later, when Murong Na's brothers Murong De and Murong Chui rebelled against Former Qin in 384, with Murong Chui establishing Later Yan and becoming its emperor, Fu Chang (苻昌) the new governor of Zhangye arrested and executed Murong Na and all sons of Murong De and Murong Na. At that time, Lady Duan was not executed because she was pregnant, but she was imprisoned to await execution after she gave birth.

However, the jailer Huyan Ping (呼延平) was a former subordinate of Murong De's, and he took Lady Gongsun and Lady Duan and escaped to the lands of the Qiang tribes, where Lady Duan gave birth to Murong Chao. After Lady Gongsun died in 394, Huyan Ping took Lady Duan and Murong Chao to Later Liang. Later, after Later Liang surrendered to Later Qin in 403, Huyan Ping, Lady Duan, and Murong Chao were among the populace of the Later Liang capital Guzang (姑臧, in modern Wuwei, Gansu) forcibly relocated to the Later Qin capital Chang'an. There, Huyan Ping died, and Lady Duan had Murong Chao take Huyan Ping's daughter as his wife.

In 405, after Murong De, who had by then established Southern Yan and become its emperor, had become aware that Murong Chao was being detained in Chang'an, he sent secret messengers to encourage him to flee to Southern Yan. Murong Chao did not dare to tell even his mother and wife, and fled to Southern Yan. As Murong De had no surviving sons, he made Murong Chao his crown prince, and after he died later that year, Murong Chao succeeded him as emperor.

One thing that Murong Chao immediately opened negotiations with Later Qin on was to request Later Qin to deliver his mother and wife to him. Murong Chao accepted the Later Qin emperor Yao Xing's terms—submit as a vassal, and also to deliver Former Qin imperial musicians who had become Southern Yan court musicians to Later Qin. In 407, Yao Xing delivered Lady Duan and Lady Huyan to Southern Yan. Murong Chao did not immediately honor Lady Duan as empress dowager, perhaps because Murong De's wife Empress Duan Jifei was already empress dowager. However, he did so in 408.

Murong Chao's rule was an arbitrary and incompetent one, and the Southern Yan state suffered greatly, particularly after he provoked Jin by attacking its borders and capturing its people to be trained as replacement musicians in 409. This drew a major attack by the Jin general Liu Yu, and in 410, the Southern Yan capital Guanggu (廣固, in modern Qingzhou, Shandong) fell, and Southern Yan was no more. Murong Chao was executed, and he entrusted his mother and wife to the Jin official Liu Jingxuan (劉敬宣), who had once been a Southern Yan subject. However, no further records about the fate of Empress Dowager Duan was recorded, and it was quite possible that she was executed as well, as Liu Yu executed large numbers of Southern Yan officials and nobles.


title: Argyractoides chalcistis

abstract: Argyractoides chalcistis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in south-eastern Peru.

text:
# Argyractoides chalcistis

***Argyractoides chalcistis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in south-eastern Peru.

## InfoBox

| *Argyractoides chalcistis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Argyractoides* |
| Species: | ***A. chalcistis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Argyractoides chalcistis***<br>(Dognin, 1910) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Argyractis chalcistis* Dognin, 1910 | |


title: Argyractoides gontranalis

abstract: Argyractoides gontranalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Mexico.

text:
# Argyractoides gontranalis

***Argyractoides gontranalis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Mexico.

## InfoBox

| *Argyractoides gontranalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Argyractoides* |
| Species: | ***A. gontranalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Argyractoides gontranalis***<br>(Schaus, 1924) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Argyractis gontranalis* Schaus, 1924 | |


abstract: A referendum was held in Transnistria on 1 December 1991, in which Transnistria voted to continue its de facto independence and seek international recognition as a separate, sovereign country and member of the international community. 97.7% of those who came to the polls opted for separation from Moldova. In numbers, 372,027 people took part in the referendum. Of those, 363,647 people voted for independence of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic. International observers were invited, including representatives of the US State Department. However, only representatives of the St. Petersburg city council accepted the invitation to participate. In the conclusion of the observers, the referendum was an expression of the true will of Transnistria's population. The United States, which did not avail itself of the invitation to watch the referendum, later expressed doubt about its veracity. Transnistria offered to hold it again, and indeed did so with the 2006 Transnistrian referendum. According to an article by the ethnic Russian researcher from Moldova Alla Skvortsova from 2002, "polls and elections in the PMR may to some extent have been rigged".

text:
# 1991 Transnistrian independence referendum

A referendum was held in Transnistria on 1 December 1991, in which Transnistria voted to continue its *de facto* independence and seek international recognition as a separate, sovereign country and member of the international community.

97.7% of those who came to the polls opted for separation from Moldova.

In numbers, 372,027 people took part in the referendum. Of those, 363,647 people voted for independence of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic.

International observers were invited, including representatives of the US State Department. However, only representatives of the St. Petersburg city council accepted the invitation to participate. In the conclusion of the observers, the referendum was an expression of the true will of Transnistria's population. The United States, which did not avail itself of the invitation to watch the referendum, later expressed doubt about its veracity. Transnistria offered to hold it again, and indeed did so with the 2006 Transnistrian referendum. According to an article by the ethnic Russian researcher from Moldova Alla Skvortsova from 2002, "polls and elections in the PMR may to some extent have been rigged".

## InfoBox

1991 Transnistrian independence referendum
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
| --- | |
| Results | |
| Choice Votes  %  **Yes** **363,647** **97.75%**  **No** 8,380 2.25%  Valid votes 372,027 100.00%  Invalid or blank votes 0 0.00%  **Total votes** **372,027** **100.00%**  Registered voters/turnout  78.00% | |


title: 1991 Trofeo Ilva-Coppa Mantegazza

abstract: The 1991 Trofeo Ilva-Coppa Mantegazza was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Circulo Tennis Ilva Taranto in Taranto, Italy that was part of the WTA Tier V category of the 1991 WTA Tour. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from 30 April until 5 May 1991. Unseeded Emanuela Zardo won the singles title and earned $18,000 first-prize money.

text:
# 1991 Trofeo Ilva-Coppa Mantegazza

The **1991 Trofeo Ilva-Coppa Mantegazza** was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Circulo Tennis Ilva Taranto in Taranto, Italy that was part of the WTA Tier V category of the 1991 WTA Tour. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from 30 April until 5 May 1991. Unseeded Emanuela Zardo won the singles title and earned $18,000 first-prize money.

## Finals

### Singles

Emanuela Zardo defeated  Petra Ritter 7–5, 6–2

* It was Zardo's only singles title of her career.

### Doubles

Alexia Dechaume /  Florencia Labat defeated  Laura Golarsa /  Ann Grossman 6–2, 7–5

## InfoBox

| 1991 Trofeo Ilva-Coppa Mantegazza | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 30 April – 5 May |
| Edition | 5th |
| Category | Tier V |
| Draw | 32S / 16D |
| Prize money | 100,000 |
| Surface | Clay / outdoor |
| Location | Taranto, Italy |
| Venue | Circulo Tennis Ilva Taranto |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Emanuela Zardo | |
| Doubles | |
| Alexia Dechaume /  Florencia Labat | |
|  | |


title: 1992–93 Bolton Wanderers F.C. season

abstract: The 1992–1993 season was the 114th season in Bolton Wanderers F.C.'s existence, and their fifth successive season in the third tier of English Football, now renamed the Football League Second Division after the formation of the FA Premier League. This article covers the period from 1 July 1992 to 30 June 1993.

text:
# 1992–93 Bolton Wanderers F.C. season

The **1992–1993 season** was the 114th season in Bolton Wanderers F.C.'s existence, and their fifth successive season in the third tier of English Football, now renamed the Football League Second Division after the formation of the FA Premier League. This article covers the period from 1 July 1992 to 30 June 1993.

## Playing Squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  GK  IRL Keith Branagan  GK  WAL David Felgate  DF  ENG Phil Brown  DF  ENG Mark Seagraves  DF  ENG Alan Stubbs  DF  ENG David Burke  DF  ENG Scott Green  DF  ENG Gary Parkinson  DF  ENG Nicky Spooner  DF  ENG Mark Winstanley  DF  ENG Jason Lydiate  DF  ENG Mark Came | No. Pos. Nation Player  DF  ENG Stuart Storer  MF  ENG David Lee  MF  ENG Tony Kelly  MF  IRL Jason McAteer  MF  ENG Julian Darby  MF  ENG Neil Fisher  MF  ENG Andy Roscoe  FW  SCO John McGinlay  FW  ENG Mark Patterson  FW  SCO Andy Walker  FW  ENG Tony Philliskirk  FW  ENG David Reeves |
| --- | --- |

## Results

### Barclays League Division Two

| Date | Opponents | H / A | Result
F–A | Scorers | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15 August 1992 | Huddersfield Town | H | 2–0 | Darby, Walker | 7,897 |
| 22 August 1992 | Brighton | A | 1–2 | Walker | 6,205 |
| 29 August 1992 | Reading | H | 2–1 | Seagraves, Walker | 4,877 |
| 1 September 1992 | Blackpool | H | 3–0 | Green, Walker, Philliskirk | 7,291 |
| 5 September 1992 | Stoke City | A | 0–0 |  | 14,252 |
| 12 September 1992 | Rotherham United | A | 1–2 | Brown | 5,227 |
| 15 September 1992 | West Bromwich Albion | H | 0–2 |  | 8,531 |
| 19 September 1992 | Bournemouth | H | 1–1 | Philliskirk | 4,623 |
| 26 September 1992 | Plymouth Argyle | A | 1–2 | Darby | 6,829 |
| 3 October 1992 | Leyton Orient | A | 0–1 |  | 3,946 |
| 10 October 1992 | Hartlepool United | H | 1–2 | Green | 5,097 |
| 17 October 1992 | Chester City | A | 2–2 | McGinlay, Reeves | 3,394 |
| 24 October 1992 | Hull City | H | 2–0 | McGinlay, Patterson | 4,136 |
| 31 October 1992 | Preston North End | A | 2–2 | Green, Stubbs | 7,013 |
| 3 November 1992 | Exeter City | A | 3–1 | Spooner, Walker (2) | 2,431 |
| 7 November 1992 | Port Vale | H | 1–1 | McGinlay | 7,349 |
| 21 November 1992 | Fulham | A | 4–1 | Lee, Stubbs, Walker (2) | 4,049 |
| 28 November 1992 | Burnley | H | 4–0 | Brown, Lee, Walker (2) | 11,438 |
| 19 December 1992 | Bradford City | H | 5–0 | Lee, Seagraves, Walker, McGinlay (2) | 6,887 |
| 26 December 1992 | Wigan Athletic | H | 2–1 | Walker (2) | 11,493 |
| 28 December 1992 | Swansea | A | 2–1 | Brown, McGinlay | 7,220 |
| 9 January 1993 | West Bromwich Albion | A | 1–3 | Walker | 14,581 |
| 16 January 1993 | Plymouth Argyle | H | 3–1 | Seagraves, Walker, McGinlay | 8,256 |
| 27 January 1993 | Reading | A | 2–1 | Lee, Walker | 4,640 |
| 30 January 1993 | Brighton | H | 0–1 |  | 8,929 |
| 6 February 1993 | Huddersfield Town | A | 1–1 | Walker | 8,858 |
| 9 February 1993 | Stockport County | A | 0–2 |  | 7,363 |
| 20 February 1993 | Blackpool | A | 1–1 | McGinlay | 8,054 |
| 27 February 1993 | Hartlepool United | A | 2–0 | Green, McGinlay | 2,756 |
| 6 March 1993 | Leyton Orient | H | 1–0 | Walker | 7,763 |
| 9 March 1993 | Mansfield Town | H | 2–1 | Walker (2) | 6,557 |
| 13 March 1993 | Port Vale | A | 0–0 |  | 11,055 |
| 20 March 1993 | Exeter City | H | 4–1 | Kelly, McAteer, Walker, McGinlay | 6,819 |
| 23 March 1993 | Burnley | A | 1–0 | McGinlay | 15,085 |
| 27 March 1993 | Fulham | H | 1–0 | Walker | 8,402 |
| 30 March 1993 | Rotherham United | H | 2–0 | Walker (2) | 7,985 |
| 3 April 1993 | Mansfield Town | A | 1–1 | Seagraves | 5,366 |
| 6 April 1993 | Stockport County | H | 2–1 | Walker, McGinlay | 13,773 |
| 10 April 1993 | Wigan Athletic | A | 2–0 | Kelly, Walker | 5,408 |
| 12 April 1993 | Swansea City | H | 3–1 | Lee, Green (2) | 10,854 |
| 17 April 1993 | Bradford City | A | 1–2 | McGinlay | 9,813 |
| 24 April 1993 | Chester City | H | 5–0 | Brown, Seagraves, McGinlay, Patterson, Winstanley | 8,514 |
| 27 April 1993 | Bournemouth | A | 2–1 | Brown, Darby | 4,434 |
| 30 April 1993 | Hull City | A | 2–1 | Windass (og), McGinlay | 8,785 |
| 4 May 1993 | Stoke City | H | 1–0 | Darby | 19,238 |
| 8 May 1993 | Preston North End | H | 1–0 | McGinlay (pen) | 21,720 |

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Stoke City (C, P) | 46 | 27 | 12 | 7 | 73 | 34 | +39 | 93 | Promotion to the First Division |
| 2 | Bolton Wanderers (P) | 46 | 27 | 9 | 10 | 80 | 41 | +39 | | 90 |
| 3 | Port Vale | 46 | 26 | 11 | 9 | 79 | 44 | +35 | 89 | Qualification for the Second Division play-offs |
| 4 | West Bromwich Albion (O, P) | 46 | 25 | 10 | 11 | 88 | 54 | +34 | | 85 |
| 5 | Swansea City | 46 | 20 | 13 | 13 | 65 | 47 | +18 | | 73 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goals scored; 3) Goal difference
(C) Champions; (O) Play-off winners; (P) Promoted

### FA Cup

| Date | Round | Opponents | H / A | Result
F–A | Scorers | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14 November 1992 | Round 1 | Sutton Coldfield Town | H | 2–1 | Walker, Reeves | 5,345 |
| 5 December 1992 | Round 2 | Rochdale | H | 4–0 | McAteer 42', McGinlay 64', 69', Walker 76' | 6,876 |
| 3 January 1993 | Round 3 | Liverpool | H | 2–2 | McGinlay 6', Seagraves 22' | 21,502 |
| 13 January 1993 | Round 3 replay | Liverpool | A | 2–0 | McGinlay 3', Walker 78' | 34,790 |
| 24 January 1993 | Round 4 | Wolverhampton Wanderers | A | 2–0 | Green 11', McGinlay 24' | 19,120 |
| 13 February 1993 | Round 5 | Derby County | A | 1–3 | Walker | 20,289 |

### Coca-Cola Cup

| Date | Round | Opponents | H / A | Result
F–A | Scorers | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18 August 1992 | Round 1 First Leg | Port Vale | A | 2–1 | Green, Stubbs | 3,282 |
| 25 August 1992 | Round 1 Second Leg | Port Vale | H | 1–1
3–2 (agg) | Walker | 4,870 |
| 22 September 1992 | Round 2 First Leg | Wimbledon | H | 1–3 | Stubbs | 5,049 |
| 6 October 1992 | Round 2 Second Leg | Wimbledon | A | 1–0
2–3 (agg) | Philliskirk | 1,987 |

### Associate Members Cup

| Date | Round | Opponents | H / A | Result
F–A | Scorers | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 December 1992 | Group Stage Game One | Rochdale | A | 0–0 |  | 1,348 |
| 8 December 1992 | Group Stage Game Two | Bury | H | 1–1 | McGinlay | 3,278 |
| 19 January 1993 | Northern Section Round 2 | Darlington | A | 4–3 | Lee, Kelly, Walker (2) | 1,265 |
| 2 February 1993 | Northern Section Quarter Final | Huddersfield Town | A | 0–3 |  | 2,996 |

## Top scorers

| P | Player | Position | FL | FAC | LC | AMC | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Andy Walker | Striker | 26 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 33 |
| 2 | John McGinlay | Striker | 16 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 22 |
| 3 | Scott Green | Midfielder | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 8 |
| 4= | David Lee | Midfielder | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
| 4= | Mark Seagraves | Defender | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
|

## InfoBox

Bolton Wanderers
| 1992–93 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Chairman | Gordon Hargreaves |
| Manager | Bruce Rioch |
| Stadium | Burnden Park |
| Second Division | 2nd |
| FA Cup | Fifth round |
| League Cup | Second round |
| Associate Members Cup | Northern Quarter-final |
| Top goalscorer | League: Andy Walker (26)
All: Andy Walker (33) |
| Highest home attendance | 21,720 (vs. Preston North End,
8 May 1993 |
| Lowest home attendance | 3,278 (vs. Bury,
8 December 1992 |
|  | |


title: Armchair warrior

abstract: Armchair warrior is a pejorative term that alludes to verbally fighting from the comfort of one's living room. It describes activities such as speaking out in support of a war, battle, or fight by someone with little or no military experience. Typical "armchair warrior" activities include advocating sending troops to settle a conflict, lobbying to keep defense jobs to make outdated military equipment as part of the military-industrial complex, or to make political messages on radio or television talk shows in favor of using armed forces in a conflict over trying diplomatic channels. An early example of the term "armchair warrior" appeared in the 1963 Twilight Zone episode No Time Like the Past, in which a time traveler to the late 1800s uses the term in a speech directed towards a banker who is calling for sending young soldiers to fight a war against American Indians. The show's director, Rod Serling, had received a Purple Heart for injuries incurred while serving as a paratrooper in World War II. This differs from "slacktivism" in that no action needs to be done by an "armchair warrior" beyond stating a point of view versus an act to give the appearance of making a difference from a "slacktivist". It is more of a variation of "chickenhawk", which was originally a slang term used during the Vietnam War to describe a superior officer that was not on the frontlines. Don Henley refers to "armchair warriors" in his song "The End of the Innocence".

text:
# Armchair warrior

**Armchair warrior** is a pejorative term that alludes to verbally fighting from the comfort of one's living room. It describes activities such as speaking out in support of a war, battle, or fight by someone with little or no military experience.

Typical "armchair warrior" activities include advocating sending troops to settle a conflict, lobbying to keep defense jobs to make outdated military equipment as part of the military-industrial complex, or to make political messages on radio or television talk shows in favor of using armed forces in a conflict over trying diplomatic channels.

An early example of the term "armchair warrior" appeared in the 1963 *Twilight Zone* episode *No Time Like the Past*, in which a time traveler to the late 1800s uses the term in a speech directed towards a banker who is calling for sending young soldiers to fight a war against American Indians. The show's director, Rod Serling, had received a Purple Heart for injuries incurred while serving as a paratrooper in World War II.

This differs from "slacktivism" in that no action needs to be done by an "armchair warrior" beyond stating a point of view versus an act to give the appearance of making a difference from a "slacktivist". It is more of a variation of "chickenhawk", which was originally a slang term used during the Vietnam War to describe a superior officer that was not on the frontlines.

Don Henley refers to "armchair warriors" in his song "The End of the Innocence".

1. "No Time Like the Past". *IMDb*. And I take offense at 'armchair warriors' like yourself - who clearly don't know what a shrapnel, or a bullet, or a saber wound feels like... or what death smells like after three days on an empty, sun-drenched battlefield... who've never seen the look on a man's face when he realizes he's lost a limb, and his blood is seeping out.
2. Robert Baruch (January 19, 2020). "Armchair Warriors". *Santa Barbara Independent*. Retrieved April 3, 2021. Mr. Paul Driscoll travels back in time to the 1880s where he gets drawn into a dinner conversation with a man (Mr. Hanford) who considers himself to be something of a "virtual" patriot. He talks tough, but lets others do the fighting (and dying).


title: End of Sorrow

abstract: "End of Sorrow" is the seventh single by Japanese rock band Luna Sea, released by MCA Victor on March 25, 1996. It became the band's third number 1 single on the Oricon Singles Chart, and was certified Platinum by the RIAJ for sales over 400,000. This single version of the title track is slightly different from the one that appears on the album, Style.

text:
# End of Sorrow

"**End of Sorrow**" is the seventh single by Japanese rock band Luna Sea, released by MCA Victor on March 25, 1996. It became the band's third number 1 single on the Oricon Singles Chart, and was certified Platinum by the RIAJ for sales over 400,000. This single version of the title track is slightly different from the one that appears on the album, *Style*.

## Reception

"End of Sorrow" became Luna Sea's third number 1 single on the Oricon Singles Chart, their second consecutively, and charted for eight weeks. In 1996, it was certified Platinum by the RIAJ for sales over 400,000.

The song was covered by Yu-Ki & DJ Koo from the band TRF for 2007's *Luna Sea Memorial Cover Album -Re:birth-*.

## Track listing

All tracks written and arranged by Luna Sea.

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "End of Sorrow" | 4:24 |
| 2. | "Twice" | 6:16 |

## Personnel

Luna Sea Production * Hitoshi Hiruma – recording and mixing

## InfoBox

| "End of Sorrow" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Luna Sea | |
| from the album  *Style* | |
| B-side | "Twice" |
| Released | March 25, 1996 |
| Genre | Alternative rock |
| Length | 9:47 |
| Label | MCA Victor |
| Songwriter(s) | Luna Sea |
| Producer(s) | Luna Sea |
| Luna Sea singles chronology | |
| "Desire"
(1995) "**End of Sorrow**"
(1996) "In Silence"
(1996) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "End of Sorrow" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: 1986 Transkei parliamentary election

text:
# 1986 Transkei parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Transkei in September 1986. The Transkei National Independence Party won 57 of the 75 elected seats.

## Results

| Party | | Seats | +/– |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Transkei National Independence Party | 57 | –18 |
|  | Democratic Progressive Party | 2 | +1 |
|  | Independents | 16 | +16 |
| Appointed members | | 75 | 0 |
| Total | | 150 | 0 |
|  | | | |
| Source: African Elections Database | | | |