title: Edwardsomyia

abstract: Edwardsomyia is a genus of crane fly in the family Limoniidae.

text:
# Edwardsomyia

***Edwardsomyia*** is a genus of crane fly in the family Limoniidae.

## Distribution

Chile.

## Species

* "Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World (Diptera, Tipuloidea: Pediciidae, Limoniidae, Cylindrotomidae, Tipulidae)". Naturalis Biodiversity Center.

## InfoBox

| *Edwardsomyia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Suborder: | Nematocera |
| Infraorder: | Tipulomorpha |
| Superfamily: | Tipuloidea |
| Family: | Limoniidae |
| Subfamily: | Limnophilinae |
| Genus: | ***Edwardsomyia***
Alexander, 1929 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Edwardsomyia chiloensis*
Alexander, 1929 | |
| Species | |
| See text | |


title: Alliance for an Open Europe

abstract: The Alliance for an Open Europe is a Eurosceptic and free market transnational political organisation, that includes representatives from political parties and think tanks.

text:
# Alliance for an Open Europe

The **Alliance for an Open Europe** is a Eurosceptic and free market transnational political organisation, that includes representatives from political parties and think tanks.

## Founding

It was initiated by British Conservative Member of the European Parliament (MEP) Daniel Hannan, and its birth came in the midst of renewed questioning of the linkage between the centre-right European People's Party and the further-right eurosceptic European Democrats in the European Parliament. Hannan reportedly launched the Alliance with the intention of promoting national sovereignty, free trade and "maximum devolution of power".

Some have suggested that the organisation could become the nucleus of a new European political party or that its name be adopted by a newly independent ED group. The Alliance appears to have never received any official sanction from the respective party leadership of its participants, however. In December 2005, future Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, David Cameron (then new party leader of the British Conservatives pledged to pull his party out of the European People's party in favor of the Alliance for an Open Europe. This move was criticized by former UK Conservative minister Anthony Nelson who argued that the leader of the Tory party "should occupy the centre ground and be inclusive not exclusive."

Delegates to its inaugural meeting on 5 December 2005 included representatives from the UK Conservatives, the Czech Civic Democratic Party, the Polish Law and Justice party and the French Rally For France.

## Uncertain future

In July 2006, the Movement for European Reform was announced, a broadly similar body, though with a formal mandate from the leadership of the British Conservatives and Czech Civic Democrats. In February/March 2007 the Bulgarian Union of Democratic Forces also joined the organisation.


title: Aluminium–zinc alloys

abstract: Aluminium brass is a technically rather uncommon term for high-strength and partly seawater-resistant copper-zinc cast and wrought alloys with 55–66% copper, up to 7% aluminium, up to 4.5% iron, and 5% manganese. Aluminium bronze is technically correct as bronze, a zinc-free copper-tin casting alloy with aluminium content. The term "special brass" is much more common for this, which then also includes alloys that add further characteristic elements to the copper-zinc base. In addition to the already mentioned elements of iron and manganese, lead, nickel and silicon can also be found as alloy components. Due to their aluminium content, which is susceptible to oxidation at the usual melting temperatures in the range of 900 °C, the alloys require careful melting and melting treatment. Even when potting, attention must be paid to any oxides forming.

text:
# Aluminium–zinc alloys

**Aluminium brass** is a technically rather uncommon term for high-strength and partly seawater-resistant copper-zinc cast and wrought alloys with 55–66% copper, up to 7% aluminium, up to 4.5% iron, and 5% manganese. Aluminium bronze is technically correct as bronze, a zinc-free copper-tin casting alloy with aluminium content.

The term "special brass" is much more common for this, which then also includes alloys that add further characteristic elements to the copper-zinc base. In addition to the already mentioned elements of iron and manganese, lead, nickel and silicon can also be found as alloy components.

Due to their aluminium content, which is susceptible to oxidation at the usual melting temperatures in the range of 900 °C, the alloys require careful melting and melting treatment. Even when potting, attention must be paid to any oxides forming.

## 7000 series

7000 series are alloyed with zinc, and can be precipitation hardened to the highest strengths of any aluminium alloy. Most 7000 series alloys include magnesium and copper as well.

7000 series aluminium alloy nominal composition (% weight) and applications
| Alloy | Al contents | Alloying elements | Uses and refs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7005 | 93.3 | Zn 4.5; Mg 1.4; Mn 0.45; Cr 0.13; Zr 0.14; Ti 0.04 | Extrusions |
| 7010 | 93.3 | Zn 6.2; Mg 2.35; Cu 1.7; Zr 0.1; | Aerospace |
| 7022 | 91.1 | Zn 4.7; Mg 3.1; Mn 0.2; Cu 0.7; Cr 0.2; | plate, molds |
| 7034 | 85.7 | Zn 11.0; Mg 2.3; Cu 1.0 | Ultimate tensile strength 750 MPa |
| 7039 | 92.3 | Zn 4.0; Mg 3.3; Mn 0.2; Cr 0.2 | Aerospace armour plate |
| 7049 | 88.1 | Zn 7.7; Mg 2.45; Cu 1.6; Cr 0.15 | Universal, aerospace |
| 7050 | 89.0 | Zn 6.2; Mg 2.3; Cu 2.3; Zr 0.1 | Universal, aerospace |
| 7055 | 87.2 | Zn 8.0; Mg 2.3; Cu 2.3; Zr 0.1 | Plate, extrusions, aerospace |
| 7065 | 88.5 | Zn 7.7; Mg 1.6; Cu 2.1; Zr 0.1 | Plate, aerospace |
| 7068 | 87.6 | Zn 7.8; Mg 2.5; Cu 2.0; Zr 0.12 | Aerospace, Ultimate tensile strength 710 MPa |
| 7072 | 99.0 | Zn 1.0 | Sheet, foil |
| 7075 & 7175 | 90.0 | Zn 5.6; Mg 2.5; Cu 1.6; Cr 0.23 | Universal, aerospace, forgings |
| 7079 | 91.4 | Zn 4.3; Mg 3.3; Cu 0.6; Mn 0.2; Cr 0.15 |  |
| 7085 | 89.4 | Zn 7.5; Mg 1.5; Cu 1.6 | Thick plate, aerospace |
| 7090 |  | Al-Zn-Mg-Cu with Co 1.5% | high strength, ductility and resistance to stress corrosion cracking |
| 7091 |  | Al-Zn-Mg-Cu with Co 0.4% | high strength, ductility and resistance to stress corrosion cracking |
| 7093 | 86.7 | Zn 9.0; Mg 2.5; Cu 1.5;  0.2; Zr 0.1 | Aerospace |
| 7116 | 93.7 | Zn 4.5; Mg 1; Cu 0.8 | Heat-treatable |
| 7129 | 93.2 | Zn 4.5; Mg 1.6; Cu 0.7 |  |
| 7150 | 89.05 | Zn 6.4; Mg 2.35; Cu 2.2;  0.2; Zr 0.1 | Aerospace |
| 7178 | 88.1 | Zn 6.8; Mg 2.7; Cu 2.0; Cr 0.26 | Universal, aerospace |
| 7255 | 87.5 | Zn 8.0; Mg 2.1; Cu 2.3; Zr 0.1 | Plate, aerospace |
| 7475 | 90.3 | Zn 5.7; Mg 2.3; Si 1.5; Cr 0.22 | Universal, aerospace |

## Further reading

* Publication series of the DKI, Berlin, number L5 "Copper-Zinc alloys".
* *Foundry lexicon.* 17. Edition, Schiele and Schön, Berlin, ISBN 3-7949-0606-3


title: (7341) 1991 VK

abstract: (7341) 1991 VK is a near-Earth minor planet in the Apollo group. It was discovered by Eleanor F. Helin and Kenneth J. Lawrence at the Palomar Observatory in California on 1 November 1991. It is listed as a potentially hazardous object. Every 5 years the asteroid makes a close approach to the Earth. The most recent close approach to Earth was on Jan 25, 2017; the next close approach will be on Jan 25, 2022 at a distance of 0.064 AU.

text:
# (7341) 1991 VK

**(7341) 1991 VK** is a near-Earth minor planet in the Apollo group. It was discovered by Eleanor F. Helin and Kenneth J. Lawrence at the Palomar Observatory in California on 1 November 1991. It is listed as a potentially hazardous object. Every 5 years (from 1946 through 2091) the asteroid makes a close approach to the Earth. The most recent close approach to Earth was on Jan 25, 2017; the next close approach will be on Jan 25, 2022 at a distance of 0.064 AU (9,600,000 km; 5,900,000 mi).

## InfoBox

(7349) 1991 VK
| Discovery | |
| --- | --- |
| Discovered by | E. Helin
K. Lawrence |
| Discovery site | Palomar Obs. |
| Discovery date | 1 November 1991 |
| Designations | |
| Minor planet category | Apollo NEO,
PHA |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Epoch 13 January 2016 (JD 2457400.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 7974 days (21.83 yr) |
| Aphelion | 2.7751 AU (415.15 Gm) |
| Perihelion | 0.90889 AU (135.968 Gm) |
| Semi-major axis | 1.8420 AU (275.56 Gm) |
| Eccentricity | 0.50657 |
| Orbital period (sidereal) | 2.50 yr (913.12 ) |
| Mean anomaly | 216.02 |
| Mean motion | 0° 23m 39.3s / day |
| Inclination | 5.4193° |
| Longitude of ascending node | 294.87° |
| Argument of perihelion | 173.37° |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mean diameter | 1.4 km |
| Synodic rotation period | 4.2096  (0.17540 ) |
| Absolute magnitude *(H)* | 16.7 |
|  | |


title: Dyce RFC

abstract: Dyce RFC is a rugby union club based in Dyce, Aberdeen, Scotland. The Men's team currently plays in Caledonia North Four.

text:
# Dyce RFC

**Dyce RFC** is a rugby union club based in Dyce, Aberdeen, Scotland. The Men's team currently plays in Caledonia North Four.

## History

The club was founded in 1983. Atholl Garden, Steve Holmes and Gus McVey combined to start the club:- Atholl Garden was a Physical Education teacher at Dyce Academy; Steve Holmes a Financial Director of Loffland Brothers; and Gus McVey was the Manager of the local Bank of Scotland branch in Dyce. Gus McVey unfortunately died in 2019, aged 76.

Quite a few players joined the club from the Dyce Academy School Team that Atholl had coached that was a pretty successful School team. Other players came from the local community, local businesses and there were quite a few Students. The club started off playing friendlies with the first games played from season 1983-84. Dyce RFC were then admitted to the Aberdeen District League, Division 2 and gained promotion to Division 1 a few years later by coming second behind RAF Kinloss. Dyce also that year were runners up to RAF Kinloss in the league cup. Before the formation of the North District League the club played one season in the Midlands District League in ‘87-‘88. Dyce RFC toured regularly to the Isle of Skye and Lerwick every Easter from 1989 - 1994. While Dyce has not won many tournaments they were active participants in the 7s scene, but did win the 10s tournament held by RAF Buchan in 1995.

Dyce RFC changed playing name to WestDyce RFC to promote the area of Westhill and the playing ground Westdyke Leisure Centre. To celebrate the 25th Anniversary, the club had a full day's activity planned on the 15th Aug 2009. There was a President's team made up of all the old players against the current Captain's team, this was played at the Westdyke Leisure Centre in Westhill. It was followed up by a dinner dance which included guest speaker Kenny Milne (Last Scotland hooker to win the Grand slam), comedian Claude Bols and supported by ceilidh ban Whigmaleerie. The Dinner and Dance was held in the Britannia Hotel Bucksburn with a signed Scotland top raffled off to contribute to club funds.

One of the former players returning to play included Mike Brodie who resides in Dubai, he has carried on his refereeing duties with the Arabian Gulf Rugby Refs Association. He has officiated as a '4th Official' at International Matches at 4 Dubai 7s and at the 7s World Cup in Dubai in March 2009 including the Men's Bowl Final and Women's Cup Final.

The club returned back to its original Central Park home in Dyce for the start of the 2010-11 season, and reverted to its former name of Dyce Rugby Club.

A mini-resurgence in the early 2010s saw Dyce lifting the Caledonia Bowl in the 2010-11 season after defeating Aberdeenshire 2XV 33-17 at Kelland's Park, and missing out on league promotion out of Caledonia 3 North by a single point to Aberdeen Uni Medics in the 2012-13 season.

A dip in player numbers in the mid-2010s lead to the club dropping out of the league to concentrate on rebuilding before re-entering the leagues in 2016-17. Despite going close on several occasions, the team went almost 2 years without a win in BT Caledonia 4 North before taking the scalp of Moray 2XV at home in the penultimate match of the 2017-18 season, sparking jubilant celebrations amongst the players and supporters. The club built on this springboard to once more finish runners-up the following 18-19 season, losing out to a strong Peterhead team.

The 2019-20 & 20-21 seasons were voided following the global outbreak of Covid-19, followed by an extensive pause in rugby activities.

The club had a short stint at Westhill but now play in the town of Dyce. Dyce don't as yet have their own clubhouse; and their home matches take place on the council run pitches behind the local Asda supermarket. The club actively use snap sponsorship to recruit club sponsors.

The club has its own tartan, which was commissioned and designed to celebrate its 35th anniversary.

## Sides

Dyce train every Tuesday and Thursday nights from 6.30pm to 8pm.

## Honours

### Men's

* Caledonia Bowl
    + Champions (1): 2010-11

## InfoBox

Dyce RFC
| Full name | Dyce Rugby Football Club |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1983 |
| Location | Dyce, Scotland |
| Ground(s) | Central Park |
| League(s) | Caledonia North Four |
| 2019–20 | Caledonia North Four, 6th of 6 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Official website | |
| www.dycerfc.com | |


title: Dixon House Band

abstract:
The Dixon House Band was a prog-rock/pop group based in Seattle, Washington in the late 1970s. It issued one album on New York City-based Infinity Records in 1979 entitled Fighting Alone and had a minor chart hit with the song "Sooner Or Later". The band got its name from the founder and keyboard player/lead vocalist, Dixon House. The band's sound was a cross between the vocal sound and melodic hooks of Styx combined with some of the musical prowess and lyricism of Kansas, but with heavier guitars using a thinly compressed sound. It also had a female guitarist like Seattle counterpart Heart. Like many rock groups of its day at the dawn of the 1980s, it suffered from poor promotion and record company support. Members of the band were:
  - Dixon House on keyboards and vocals
  - Chrissy Shefts on guitars
  - Chuck Gardner on guitars
  - James Kenfield on bass
  - Fred Zeufeldt on drums

text:
# Dixon House Band

The **Dixon House Band** was a prog-rock/pop group based in Seattle, Washington in the late 1970s. It issued one album on New York City-based Infinity Records in 1979 entitled *Fighting Alone* and had a minor chart hit with the song "Sooner Or Later".

The band got its name from the founder and keyboard player/lead vocalist, Dixon House. The band's sound was a cross between the vocal sound and melodic hooks of Styx combined with some of the musical prowess and lyricism of Kansas, but with heavier guitars using a thinly compressed sound. It also had a female guitarist like Seattle counterpart Heart. Like many rock groups of its day at the dawn of the 1980s, it suffered from poor promotion and record company support.

Members of the band were:

* Dixon House on keyboards and vocals
* Chrissy Shefts on guitars
* Chuck Gardner on guitars
* James Kenfield on bass
* Fred Zeufeldt on drums

## Discography

The Dixon House Band released one album that consisted of eleven tracks. All the lyrics and music were written by Edward Dixon House. Dixon House was a well-known and popular band leader and singer in Victoria who moved to Vancouver in 1974 to pursue a recording career. The band worked with Vancouver's Mushroom Records and producer Mike Flicker, who supported and promoted the band. He had also produced albums for the band Heart while they were signed to the Mushroom label. Once they found success, Heart returned to their hometown of Seattle but continued to work with Flicker. The Dixon House Band travelled to Seattle to record "Fighting Alone" at Sea-West Studios, which was produced by Flicker for Mike Flicker Productions.

### Fighting Alone

(Infinity 1979) Produced by Mike Flicker

1. Sooner or later
2. Crusader
3. Turn around
4. Angela
5. Who's gonna love you tonight?
6. Fighting
7. Feelin' no pain
8. Runnin' scared
9. Saracen ride
10. The promise
11. Fighting alone

## E. Dixon House

(Edward) Dixon House (1950-) is currently a classical playwright and works in conjunction with Stuart Joseph Johnston (1951-).

His solo work includes:

### Masked Madness

(1981)

1. Just one kiss (House & Leese)
2. Wait for the night
3. Green light
4. Our love
5. Too late, Belinda
6. Masked madness
7. If you wanna go the distance (beat them to the punch)
8. Layanna (House & Leese)
9. Automatic Pilot
10. All too clear

Other work * *Jealousy* (1982), words and music by R Meisner, D House and H Leese
* *It ain't no mystery* (1985), by Stuart Joseph Johnston & Edward Dixon House
* *The face of the dove* (1988), screenplay by Stuart Joseph Johnston & Edward Dixon House

## Reference and notes


title: Dosan Ahn Chang Ho Memorial Interchange

abstract: The Dosan Ahn Chang Ho Memorial Interchange, also known as the Harbor–Santa Monica Freeway Interchange, is a three-level cloverstack interchange that serves as the junction between the Harbor and Santa Monica Freeways at the southern edge of Downtown Los Angeles, California. Officially named since 2002 after Korean independence activist Ahn Chang Ho, and constructed as part of the first segment of the Santa Monica Freeway which was completed in 1962, it is one of the busiest freeway interchanges in Los Angeles, with hundreds of thousands of vehicles using the interchange daily.

text:
# Dosan Ahn Chang Ho Memorial Interchange

The **Dosan Ahn Chang Ho Memorial Interchange**, also known as the **Harbor–Santa Monica Freeway Interchange**, is a three-level cloverstack interchange that serves as the junction between the Harbor (Interstate 110 and State Route 110) and Santa Monica (Interstate 10) Freeways at the southern edge of Downtown Los Angeles, California.

Officially named since 2002 after Korean independence activist Ahn Chang Ho, and constructed as part of the first segment of the Santa Monica Freeway which was completed in 1962, it is one of the busiest freeway interchanges in Los Angeles, with hundreds of thousands of vehicles using the interchange daily.

## History

Planning for the construction of the Santa Monica Freeway originally did not account for the construction of an interchange with the Harbor Freeway. In 1955, it was initially planned that the freeway would terminate at the Harbor Freeway, as opposed to its original alignment through Downtown Los Angeles, without necessarily connecting to it.

By 1957, the California Division of Highways (now the California Department of Transportation) had accounted for an interchange in planning the construction of the Santa Monica Freeway, with construction of the interchange being included in the freeway's initial segment which started at the East Los Angeles Interchange. Construction work for the initial segment, valued at $8.4 million ($69.7 million in 2023 dollars), began that summer on June 17, 1957, with major grade separation and rerouting work for the interchange, requiring the temporary rerouting of the Harbor Freeway and the diversion of Venice Boulevard, taking place the following year. In common with the East Los Angeles Interchange, which was built in the middle of majority-Hispanic Boyle Heights, the interchange's construction displaced an entire neighborhood — described by the Home Owners' Loan Corporation as being "thoroughly blighted" — primarily inhabited by African Americans, along with smaller numbers of Mexicans, Japanese and Italians.

The interchange was opened on Monday, January 15, 1962, along with the entire initial segment of the Santa Monica Freeway, completing the ring of freeways that would encircle Downtown Los Angeles. By 1967, it had become the single busiest point in the entire Los Angeles freeway system, with some 400,000 vehicles using the interchange daily, and although it has since been eclipsed by other interchanges in terms of traffic, by 1988 some 502,000 vehicles were passing through the interchange per day. Nearly ten years later in 1997, it once again became the busiest interchange in Los Angeles, with some 558,000 vehicles passing through daily.

On September 11, 2002, the California State Senate passed a resolution, authored by Senator Kevin Murray, officially naming the interchange after Korean independence activist and local community leader Ahn Chang Ho, in celebration of 100 years of Korean immigration to the United States. Freeway signage with the new name was later installed in early 2004.

## Layout and design

The Dosan Ahn Chang Ho Memorial Interchange was designed as a three-level cloverstack interchange, consisting of both depressed and elevated segments that connect the Harbor and Santa Monica Freeways. Construction of the interchange, with a budgeted cost of $1.48 million ($12.3 million in 2023 dollars), began on January 20, 1958, and was contracted to the Los Angeles-based Webb and White.

Construction was complicated by the large amount of traffic carried by the Harbor Freeway, which at the time of construction carried some 190,000 vehicles a day, and Venice Boulevard, a major city artery which originally crossed underneath the Harbor Freeway and through the interchange site. To accommodate the construction of the interchange, the Harbor Freeway was temporarily diverted to the west, while a bridge was constructed to carry Venice Boulevard over the diverted freeway. The diversion project, costing $380,000 ($3.15 million in 2023 dollars), was at the time the most expensive highway diversion project in California history, and lasted a full 14 months until October 4, 1959, when construction of the interchange was completed and the diversion roads dismantled.

The interchange's first level consists of a pair of tunnels 190 feet (58 m) long, at a grade up to 5 feet (1.5 m) below the span of the Harbor Freeway, with one tunnel carrying the westbound span of the Santa Monica Freeway, built with a combination of box girders and cored slabs on a deep foundation, and the other carrying the connector to the southbound Harbor Freeway, constructed as a cut-and-cover tunnel. The Harbor Freeway's span forms the interchange's second level, while the Santa Monica Freeway's eastbound span and a number of collector–distributor roads form the third level, partially supported by the foundations on the first level, as well as its own independent deep foundation with a design capacity of 100 tons. The interchange's structure was retrofitted in the early 1990s in response to the Loma Prieta earthquake that struck northern California four years earlier.

In 1969, the California Highway Commission approved a plan to lease 164,000 square feet (15,200 m2) of space underneath the interchange to the California Highway Patrol, with the CHP constructing an office building with room for 100 police cars, as well as automobile and truck inspection areas, on the site. Aside from the CHP office, a number of prominent Los Angeles landmarks abut the interchange, including the L.A. Live entertainment complex, which includes the Los Angeles Convention Center and Crypto.com Arena.

### Reception

Although the interchange has been designed to handle extremely heavy traffic movements, a study by the University of Southern California identified it as one of the worst interchanges in Los Angeles for traffic congestion, with significant traffic slowdowns around the interchange during rush hour.

Criticism with the interchange is not limited to traffic. In an opinion piece written for the *JoongAng Ilbo*, Park Dong-woo, an assistant to California State Assemblywoman Sharon Quirk-Silva, called on Korean community groups to help clean up and maintain the signage naming the interchange for Ahn Chang Ho after being seen stained with graffiti, criticizing the indifference of Korean Americans to their condition.

## Incidents and accidents

A number of accidents have happened on the Dosan Ahn Chang Ho Memorial Interchange. On August 2, 1976, a tanker truck overturned on the transition road between the eastbound Santa Monica Freeway and the southbound Harbor Freeway, spilling 4,000 US gallons (15,000 L) of hydrochloric acid onto the freeway and injuring three people. The spill caused the closure of the freeway from the interchange to Adams Boulevard for about four hours, leading to significant traffic congestion which lasted several hours.

Eleven years later on March 15, 1987, another tanker truck tipped over on the same transition road, spilling 2,000 US gallons (7,600 L) of heavy crude oil onto the freeway. Although the incident led to the closure of the interchange for 17 hours, it did not lead to significant traffic congestion as it happened early enough in the morning that the CHP and Caltrans were able to set up detours to redirect traffic away from the area.

### Bibliography

* Compton, Lloyd A. (July–August 1959). "First Contract" (PDF). *California Highways and Public Works*. **39** (7–8): 31–34. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
* Koltnow, Peter G. (January–February 1967). "Travel Time Study" (PDF). *California Highways and Public Works*. **46** (1–2): 41–43. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
* Telford, E. T. (January–February 1960). "Freeways in District VII" (PDF). *California Highways and Public Works*. **39** (1–2): 3–19. Retrieved December 12, 2020.

## InfoBox

| Dosan Ahn Chang Ho Memorial Interchange | |
| --- | --- |
| Harbor–Santa Monica Freeway Interchange | |
| The Dosan Ahn Chang Ho Memorial Interchange in 2015, taken from the north | |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Los Angeles, California | |
| Coordinates | 34°02′17″N 118°16′27″W / 34.03806°N 118.27417°W / 34.03806; -118.27417 |
| Roads at
junction |  |
| Construction | |
| Type | Three-level cloverstack interchange |
| Constructed | January 20, 1958 – October 4, 1959 |
| Opened | January 15, 1962 |
| Maintained by | California Department of Transportation |


abstract: The Emergency Powers Act 1926 was an act of the Parliament of Northern Ireland that was passed for the purpose of making provision for the protection of the community in Northern Ireland in cases of emergency. The act gave the Governor of Northern Ireland the authority to declare a state of emergency and issue proclamations if: Proclamations of emergency would be in force until the Governor themselves revoked it. The Governor, by Order in the Privy Council of Northern Ireland, would also issue regulations to secure the 'essentials of life to the community' and give powers to the relevant Minister of the government of Northern Ireland to also secure essentials, as defined above. Regulations had to be laid before Parliament as soon as they were issued and could not be used to 'make it an offence for any person or persons to take part in a strike, or peacefully to persuade any other person or persons to take part in a strike' or take away trials. The maximum punishment for breaking a regulation would be prison 'with or without hard labour, for a term of three months, or a fine of one hundred pounds, or both such imprisonment and fine, together with the forfeiture of any goods or money in respect of which the offence has been committed'. Regulations could also be revised or added to. The act was amended by the Emergency Powers (Amendment) Act 1964. On 19 May 1974 Merlyn Rees, the then Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, signed a proclamation of a State of Emergency in the region under the amended Act, following the outbreak of the Ulster Workers' Council strike which eventually led to the collapse of the Sunningdale Agreement. The Act was repealed by the Civil Contingencies Act 2004.

text:
# Emergency Powers Act (Northern Ireland) 1926

| Emergency Powers (Amendment) Act (Northern Ireland) 1964 | |
| --- | --- |
| Act of Parliament | |
| Parliament of Northern Ireland | |
| Citation | 1964 c. 34 (N.I.) |

The **Emergency Powers Act (Northern Ireland) 1926** (16 & 17 Geo. 5. c. 8 (N.I.)) was an act of the Parliament of Northern Ireland that was passed for the purpose of making provision for the protection of the community in Northern Ireland in cases of emergency.

The act gave the Governor of Northern Ireland the authority to declare a state of emergency and issue proclamations if:

> ...at any time it appears to the Governor of Northern Ireland that any action has been taken or is immediately threatened by any persons or body of persons of such a nature and on so extensive a scale as to be calculated, by interfering with the supply and distribution of food, water, fuel, or light, or with the means of locomotion, to deprive the community in Northern Ireland, or any substantial portion of that community, of the essentials of life...

Proclamations of emergency would be in force until the Governor themselves revoked it. The Governor, by Order in the Privy Council of Northern Ireland, would also issue regulations to secure the 'essentials of life to the community' and give powers to the relevant Minister of the government of Northern Ireland to also secure essentials, as defined above.

Regulations had to be laid before Parliament as soon as they were issued and could not be used to 'make it an offence for any person or persons to take part in a strike, or peacefully to persuade any other person or persons to take part in a strike' or take away trials. The maximum punishment for breaking a regulation would be prison 'with or without hard labour, for a term of three months, or a fine of one hundred pounds, or both such imprisonment and fine, together with the forfeiture of any goods or money in respect of which the offence has been committed'. Regulations could also be revised or added to.

The act was amended by the Emergency Powers (Amendment) Act (Northern Ireland) 1964 (c. 34 (N.I.)).

On 19 May 1974 Merlyn Rees, the then Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, signed a proclamation of a State of Emergency in the region under the amended Act, following the outbreak of the Ulster Workers' Council strike which eventually led to the collapse of the Sunningdale Agreement.

The Act was repealed by the Civil Contingencies Act 2004.

## InfoBox

Emergency Powers Act (Northern Ireland) 1926
| Parliament of Northern Ireland | |
| --- | --- |
| Long title | Act to make provision for the protection of the community in Northern Ireland in cases of emergency. |
| Citation | 16 & 17 Geo. 5. c. 8 (N.I.) |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 6 May 1926 |
| Commencement | 6 May 1926 |
| Other legislation | |
| Amended by | Emergency Powers (Amendment) Act (Northern Ireland) 1964 |
| Repealed by | Civil Contingencies Act 2004 |
| Relates to | Emergency Powers Act 1920 |
| Status: Repealed | |


title: Ludy Kissassunda

abstract: General João Rodrigues Lopes, known by his nom de guerre Ludy Kissassunda was an Angolan general and politician. Born in 1932 in N'zeto, Zaire Province, he held important ranks during the Angolan War of Independence and the Angolan Civil War, holding a particularly important role with the reorganization of troops of, as well as the overall logistics of, the People's Liberation Army of Angola, which would later become the People's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola (FAPLA). During his political career, he was a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), being one of Agostinho Neto's closest associates. He was the founder and director of the Department of Information and Security of Angola (DISA), the MPLA's intelligence agency, from 1975 to 1979. He was also the governor of Malanje Province from 1980 to 1986, and of Zaire Province from 1995 to 2004. Kissassunda died on 6 January 2021 in Setúbal, Portugal. He was buried at Alto das Cruzes cemetery in Luanda.

text:
# Ludy Kissassunda

General **João Rodrigues Lopes**, known by his nom de guerre **Ludy Kissassunda** (27 September 1932 – 6 January 2021) was an Angolan general and politician. Born in 1932 in N'zeto, Zaire Province, he held important ranks during the Angolan War of Independence and the Angolan Civil War, holding a particularly important role with the reorganization of troops of, as well as the overall logistics of, the People's Liberation Army of Angola, which would later become the People's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola (FAPLA).

During his political career, he was a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), being one of Agostinho Neto's closest associates. He was the founder and director of the Department of Information and Security of Angola (DISA), the MPLA's (and later Angola's) intelligence agency, from 1975 to 1979. He was also the governor of Malanje Province from 1980 to 1986, and of Zaire Province from 1995 to 2004.

Kissassunda died on 6 January 2021 in Setúbal, Portugal. He was buried at Alto das Cruzes cemetery in Luanda.

## InfoBox

| Gen. Ludy Kissassunda | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Governor of Zaire Province | |
| **In office**
1995–2004 | |
| Preceded by | Zeferino Estêvão Juliana |
| Succeeded by | Pedro Sebastião |
| Governor of Malanje Province | |
| **In office**
1980–1986 | |
| Preceded by | Domingos Afonso Neto |
| Succeeded by | Lt. Col. João Ernesto dos Santos *Liberdade* |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | João Rodrigues Lopes
(1932-09-27)27 September 1932
N'zeto, Portuguese Angola
(now Angola) |
| Died | 6 January 2021(2021-01-06) (aged 88)
Setúbal, Portugal |
| Political party | MPLA |
|  | |


title: Humphrey Primatt

abstract: Humphrey Primatt was an English clergyman and early animal rights writer. Primatt has been described as "one of the most important figures in the development of a notion of animal rights."

text:
# Humphrey Primatt

**Humphrey Primatt** (1734 – c.1776) was an English clergyman and early animal rights writer. Primatt has been described as "one of the most important figures in the development of a notion of animal rights."

## Biography

Primatt was born in London, in 1734. He obtained a BA in 1757 and MA in 1764 from Clare College, Cambridge. He was a Church of England clergyman. He was vicar of Higham (1766-1774) and rector of Brampton (1771–1774). Primatt obtained a Doctor of Divinity from Marischal College, in 1773. He married a Miss Gulliver on 2 October 1769 and retired in 1771 to Kingston upon Thames.

## Animal rights

In 1776, Primatt authored *A Dissertation on the Duty of Mercy and Sin of Cruelty to Brute Animals*, which argued that all animals were created by God, so deserve humane treatment and that any form of cruelty to animals should be equated with atheism and wickedness.

Primatt held that pain is evil and humans have no right to inflict it on animals or each other. He commented that "pain is pain, whether it be inflicted on man or on beast". It was one of the first books to argue for the compassionate treatment of animals and influenced the animal welfare movement.

The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals considers the book a "foundation stone" of their organization as it influenced the founders of their society. Arthur Broome was inspired by Primatt's book and republished it in 1822. Henry Stephens Salt described it as a "quaint but excellent book". Marc Bekoff has noted that "Primatt was largely responsible for bringing animal welfare to the attention of the general public."

Primatt did not promote vegetarianism. He suggested that man is permitted to kill animals for food but denied that this permits unnecessary suffering.

## Selected publications


title: E. B. Mallett Office Building

abstract: The E.B. Mallett Office Building is a historic commercial building on Mill Street in Freeport, Maine. Now part of the Freeport Village Station shopping complex, it is an 1888 Italianate brick building designed by Portland architect Francis Fassett for Freeport's leading businessman of the period. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

text:
# E. B. Mallett Office Building

The **E.B. Mallett Office Building** is a historic commercial building on Mill Street in Freeport, Maine. Now part of the Freeport Village Station shopping complex, it is an 1888 Italianate brick building designed by Portland architect Francis Fassett for Freeport's leading businessman of the period. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

## Description and history

The Mallett Office Building stands on the east side of Mill Street, now an access road separating the Freeport Village Station shopping complex to the east, and its parking area to the west. The building is surrounded on three sides by modern elements of the complex, which it is now part of. It is a two-story masonry structure, built out of brick with granite trim. It has a high hip roof and a single chimney. The main facade is three bays wide, with a central entrance flanked by sash windows. The windows have granite sills and hoods with granite keystones and ears.

The building was erected in 1888 to a design by Portland architect Francis Fassett, for Freeport businessman Edmund Buxton Mallett, Jr. Mallett was a transformative force in Freeport's economy, building shoe factories, a sawmill, grist mill, and coal yard, in addition to the granite quarry and brickyard that produced the materials used in construction of this building. These businesses were instrumental in shifting Freeport's economy from one based on coastal maritime pursuits.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| E. B. Mallett Office Building | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Mill St., Freeport, Maine |
| Coordinates | 43°51′22″N 70°6′13″W / 43.85611°N 70.10361°W / 43.85611; -70.10361 |
| Area | 0.3 acres (0.12 ha) |
| Built | 1888 (1888) |
| Architect | Francis H. Fassett |
| Architectural style | Italianate |
| NRHP reference No. | 82000747 |
| Added to NRHP | February 19, 1982 |


title: Aluminized cloth

abstract: Aluminized cloth is a material designed to reflect thermal radiation. Applications include fire proximity suits, emergency space blankets, protection in molten metal handling, and insulation for building and containers. Aluminium powder was added to aircraft dope which was then used to give a shiny finish to fabric-covered aircraft, so protecting them from sunlight. The Hindenburg airship was treated in this way and it has been suggested that the aluminium powder made the skin more combustible and so caused or contributed to the Hindenburg disaster. This theory is controversial and experiments have been conducted to test the hypothesis.

text:
# Aluminized cloth

**Aluminized cloth** is a material designed to reflect thermal radiation. Applications include fire proximity suits, emergency space blankets, protection in molten metal handling, and insulation for building and containers.

Aluminium powder was added to aircraft dope which was then used to give a shiny finish to fabric-covered aircraft, so protecting them from sunlight. The Hindenburg airship was treated in this way and it has been suggested that the aluminium powder made the skin more combustible and so caused or contributed to the Hindenburg disaster. This theory is controversial and experiments have been conducted to test the hypothesis.


title: (7348) 1993 FJ22

abstract: (7348) 1993 FJ22 is a carbonaceous, Themistian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, about 10 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 21 March 1993, by the Uppsala-ESO Survey of Asteroids and Comets (UESAC) at ESO's La Silla Observatory site in northern Chile.

text:
# (7348) 1993 FJ22

**(7348) 1993 FJ22** is a carbonaceous, Themistian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, about 10 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 21 March 1993, by the Uppsala-ESO Survey of Asteroids and Comets (UESAC) at ESO's La Silla Observatory site in northern Chile.

## Classification and orbit

The dark C-type asteroid is a member of the Themis family, a dynamical family of outer-belt asteroids with nearly coplanar ecliptical orbits. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.8–3.4 AU once every 5 years and 5 months (1,987 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.11 and an inclination of 1 with respect to the ecliptic. It was first identified as 1933 FU at Heidelberg in 1933, extending the body's observation arc by 60 years prior to its official discovery observation at La Silla.

## Physical characteristics

### Lightcurves

In 2014, two rotational lightcurves of this asteroid were obtained from photometric observations in the R-band at the U.S. Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 3.4735 and 3.470 hours with a brightness variation of 0.10 and 0.13 in magnitude, respectively (U=2/2).

### Diameter and albedo

The *Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link* (CALL) assumes a low albedo of 0.08 for the asteroid's surface and calculates a diameter of 9.9 kilometers, based on an absolute magnitude of 13.38.

## Naming

As of 2017, the asteroid has not been named.

## InfoBox

(7348) 1993 FJ22
| Discovery | |
| --- | --- |
| Discovered by | UESAC |
| Discovery site | La Silla Obs. |
| Discovery date | 21 March 1993 |
| Designations | |
| MPC designation | (7348) 1993 FJ22 |
| Alternative designations | 1993 FJ22 **·** 1933 FU
1978 NM5 **·** 1991 XF3 |
| Minor planet category | main-belt **·** Themis |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 84.28 yr (30,783 days) |
| Aphelion | 3.4232 AU |
| Perihelion | 2.7623 AU |
| Semi-major axis | 3.0927 AU |
| Eccentricity | 0.1069 |
| Orbital period (sidereal) | 5.44 yr (1,987 days) |
| Mean anomaly | 206.95 |
| Inclination | 0.8715° |
| Longitude of ascending node | 11.015° |
| Argument of perihelion | 151.44° |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 9.91 km (calculated) |
| Synodic rotation period | 3.470±0.020 h
3.4735±0.0031 |
| Geometric albedo | 0.08 (assumed) |
| Spectral type |  |
| Absolute magnitude *(H)* | 12.9 **·** 12.780±0.050 **·** 12.929±0.001 **·** 13.38 |
|  | |


title: Alloli-Kansoli

abstract: Alloli-Kansoli is a village in Belgaum district in the southern state of Karnataka, India.

text:
# Alloli-Kansoli

**Alloli-Kansoli** is a village in Belgaum district in the southern state of Karnataka, India.

15°39′N 74°27′E / 15.650°N 74.450°E / 15.650; 74.450

## InfoBox

| Alloli-Kansoli | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Country | India |
| State | Karnataka |
| District | Belgaum |
| Talukas | Khanapur |
| Languages | |
| Official | Kannada |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |


title: Akhlesh Lakhtakia

abstract: Akhlesh Lakhtakia is Evan Pugh University Professor and Charles Godfrey Binder Professor of engineering science and mechanics at the Pennsylvania State University. His research focuses on electromagnetic fields in complex materials, such as sculptured thin films, chiral materials, bianisotropy and industrially scalable bioreplication, an emerging form of engineered biomimicry applied to harvesting of solar energy and pest eradication. His technique for visualization of latent fingerprints was covered in the NOVA documentary series "Forensics on Trial".

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# Akhlesh Lakhtakia

**Akhlesh Lakhtakia** is Evan Pugh University Professor and Charles Godfrey Binder Professor of engineering science and mechanics at the Pennsylvania State University. His research focuses on electromagnetic fields in complex materials, such as sculptured thin films, chiral materials, bianisotropy and industrially scalable bioreplication, an emerging form of engineered biomimicry applied to harvesting of solar energy and pest eradication. His technique for visualization of latent fingerprints was covered in the NOVA documentary series "Forensics on Trial".

## Family

**Akhlesh Lakhtakia** was born in Lucknow, India on July 1, 1957, to Servesh Kumar and Gayatri Devi Lakhtakia. He married Mercedes N. Scabbiolo in 1982, with whom he has a daughter named Natalya Sheetal Lakhtakia.

## Education

He was schooled in Lucknow (St. Cathedral School), New Delhi (Cambridge School), and Lucknow (St. Francis' High School). Appearing for final examinations in November 1973, at the end of the 11th grade, he was awarded the Indian School Certificate in 1974.

He obtained a Bachelor of Technology degree in Electronics Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi in 1979; Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA in 1981 and 1983, respectively.

## Academic career

In 1983, Lakhtakia joined the faculty of the Pennsylvania State University, where he was elevated to the rank of *Distinguished Professor* of Engineering Science and Mechanics in January 2004. In 2006, he became the *Charles Godfrey Binder (Endowed) Professor* of Engineering Science and Mechanics. In 2018, he became an *Evan Pugh University Professor*.

He has published more than 840 journal articles; has contributed 27 chapters to research books and encyclopedias; has edited, co-edited, authored or co-authored 17 books and 20 conference proceedings; has reviewed for 159 journals; serves on the editorial boards of four electromagnetics journals; was the Editor-in-Chief of the international journal *Speculations in Science and Technology* from 1993 to 1995; and became the first editor-in-chief (2007-2013) of the online *Journal of Nanophotonics* published by SPIE from 2007.

## Honors and awards

He served as an international lecturer for the International Commission for Optics and the Optical Society of America; was twice a visiting professor of physics at Universidad de Buenos Aires, a visiting professor of physics at the University of Otago, a visiting fellow in mathematics at the University of Glasgow, and a visiting professor of physics at Imperial College London from 2004 to 2007; headed the IEEE EMC Technical Committee on Nonsinusoidal Fields from 1992 to 1994; and is a Fellow of Optical Society of America, SPIE, American Physical Society, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the Institute of Physics (UK), the Royal Society of Chemistry (UK), and the Royal Society of Arts (UK). He also served as the 1995 Scottish Amicable Visiting Lecturer in mathematics at the University of Glasgow.

He received the PSES Outstanding Research Award in 1996, the PSES Premier Research Award in 2008, the PSES Outstanding Advising Award in 2005, and the PSEAS Outstanding Teaching Award in 2016. For his research on sculptured thin films and complex-medium electromagnetics, he received the Faculty Scholar Medal in Engineering in 2005, and a Doctor of Science degree in Electronics Engineering from the Banaras Hindu University in 2006. Nanotech Briefs recognized him in 2006 with a Nano 50 Award for Innovation. The University of Utah made him a Distinguished Alumnus in 2007, and the Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi in 2014. He was named the winner of the Technical Achievement Award for the year 2010 by SPIE, and of the Walston Chubb Award for Innovation for the year 2016 by Sigma Xi, for conceptualizing and developing sculptured thin films in diverse arenas.

## Research areas

His current research interests lie in the electromagnetics of complex materials, sculptured thin films, carbon nanotubes, nanoengineered metamaterials, biomimetics (especially bioreplication), forensic science, and negative refraction. At Penn State, he co-developed a course on green engineering for undergraduate engineering students, as well as a course on fundamentals of engineering principles and design for pre-service elementary schoolteachers.

## Religious views

Dr. Lakhtakia is an atheist but he derives inspiration from the Bhagavad Gita and the Sermon on the Mount.

## Books


title: Dosage (pharmacology)

abstract: In pharmacology and medicine, dosage refers to the prescribed regimen for administering a medication or substance, encompassing the amount, frequency, and duration of use. It is distinct from dose, which denotes a single, specific quantity of a drug or substance given at one time. Dosage typically includes information on the number of doses, intervals between administrations, and the overall treatment period. For example, a dosage might be described as "200 mg twice daily for two weeks," where 200 mg represents the individual dose, twice daily indicates the frequency, and two weeks specifies the duration of treatment.

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# Dosage (pharmacology)

In pharmacology and medicine, **dosage** refers to the prescribed regimen for administering a medication or substance, encompassing the amount, frequency, and duration of use. It is distinct from dose, which denotes a single, specific quantity of a drug or substance given at one time. Dosage typically includes information on the number of doses, intervals between administrations, and the overall treatment period. For example, a dosage might be described as "200 mg twice daily for two weeks," where 200 mg represents the individual dose, twice daily indicates the frequency, and two weeks specifies the duration of treatment.


title: Emergency Planning College

abstract: The Emergency Planning College also known as "the Hawkhills" foremost a college, based in the United Kingdom which is involved in activities to promote organisational resilience. Since 2010 the college has been operated on behalf of the Cabinet Office by Serco, delivering training approved by the Civil Contingencies Secretariat (CCS) of the Cabinet Office. The college buildings are located at Easingwold near York in England.

text:
# Emergency Planning College

The **Emergency Planning College** also known as "the Hawkhills" foremost a college, based in the United Kingdom which is involved in activities to promote organisational resilience. Since 2010 the college has been operated on behalf of the Cabinet Office by Serco, delivering training approved by the Civil Contingencies Secretariat (CCS) of the Cabinet Office. The college buildings are located at Easingwold near York in England.

## College history

Since 1989, it has been the British Government's centre for running short seminars, workshops and courses on an inter–agency basis in the field of crisis management and emergency planning. The United Kingdom Warning and Monitoring Organisation disbanded in 1992. By 2000 the college was costing around £3 million per year to run, and was increasingly accommodating delegates from businesses. By 2003 there were 6,500 delegates attending courses, 10% of whom were from the private sector.

In 2010 the Home Office awarded the contract for running the college to Serco, with the contract valued at being worth around £55 million over 15 years.

## Staff

In 2003 Major-General Michael Charlton-Weedy was appointed as CEO.

In 2013, Kate Betts, director of Barnsley-based media and PR agency Capital B Media, was appointed by the college as an associate trainer and consultant.

## Hawkhills

The buildings were previously a private country house, then in 1937 the site was acquired by the Ministry of Works and became the second Home Office "Anti-Gas" School, as Britain prepared for the possibility of chemical warfare. The property went on to become a Civil Defence Corps training facility before eventually becoming the emergency planning college for the Home Office's F6 Emergency Planning Division.

54°06′03″N 1°10′44″W / 54.10079°N 1.17887°W / 54.10079; -1.17887


title: Ludwinów, Włoszczowa County

abstract: Ludwinów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Włoszczowa, within Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Włoszczowa and 46 km (29 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

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# Ludwinów, Włoszczowa County

**Ludwinów** \[ludˈvinuf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Włoszczowa, within Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of Włoszczowa and 46 km (29 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

## InfoBox

| Ludwinów | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Ludwinów | |
| Coordinates: 50°47′12″N 19°59′12″E / 50.78667°N 19.98667°E / 50.78667; 19.98667 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Świętokrzyskie |
| County | Włoszczowa |
| Gmina | Włoszczowa |


title: Humphrey Prideaux

abstract: Humphrey Prideaux was a Cornish churchman and orientalist, Dean of Norwich from 1702. His sympathies inclined to Low Churchism in religion and to Whiggism in politics.

text:
# Humphrey Prideaux

**Humphrey Prideaux** (3 May 1648 – 1 November 1724) was a Cornish churchman and orientalist, Dean of Norwich from 1702. His sympathies inclined to Low Churchism in religion and to Whiggism in politics.

## Life

The third son of Edmond Prideaux, he was born at Padstow, Cornwall, on 3 May 1648. His mother was a daughter of John Moyle. After education at Liskeard grammar school and Bodmin grammar school, he went to Westminster School under Richard Busby, recommended by his uncle William Morice. On 11 December 1668 he matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford, where he had obtained a studentship. He graduated B.A. 22 June 1672, M.A. 29 April 1675, B.D. 15 November 1682, D.D. 8 June 1686. In January 1674, Prideaux recorded in his letters a visit to his home of William Levett; with Levett came Lord Cornbury, son of the Earl of Clarendon, Levett's principal patron. In other letters, Prideaux mentioned alliances with Levett in ongoing church political manoeuvrings. At the university he was known for scholarship; John Fell employed him in 1672 on an edition of *Florus*. He also worked on Edmund Chilmead's edition of the chronicle of John Malalas.

Prideaux gained the patronage of Heneage Finch, 1st Earl of Nottingham, as tutor to his son Charles, and in 1677 he obtained the sinecure rectory of Llandewy-Velfrey, Pembrokeshire. In 1679 Finch presented him to the rectory of St Clement's, Oxford, which he held till 1696. He was appointed also, in 1679, Busby's Hebrew lecturer in Christ Church College. Finch gave him in 1681 a canonry at Norwich, and Sir Francis North in February 1683 presented him to the rectory of Bladon, Oxfordshire, which included the chapelry of Woodstock. He retained his studentship at Christ Church, where he was acting as unsalaried librarian.

Prideaux married and left Oxford for Norwich, ahead of James II's appointment (October 1686) of John Massey, a Roman Catholic, as Dean of Christ Church. He exchanged (1686) Bladon for the rectory of Saham-Toney, Norfolk, which he held till 1694. He engaged in controversy with Roman Catholics, especially on the point of the validity of Anglican orders. As canon of Norwich he improved the financial arrangements of the chapter, and put the records in order. In December 1688 he was made archdeacon of Suffolk by his bishop William Lloyd, an office which he held till 1694. While Lloyd became a nonjuror, Prideaux exerted himself at his archidiaconal visitation (May 1689) to secure the taking of the oaths; out of three hundred parishes in his archdeaconry only three clergymen became nonjurors. At the Convocation which opened on 21 November 1689 Prideaux was an advocate for changes in the *Book of Common Prayer*, with a view to the comprehension of Dissenters. Subsequently he officially corrected a lax interpretation of the Toleration Act 1688, as though it exempted from the duty of attendance on public worship. Gilbert Burnet consulted him in 1691 about a measure for prevention of pluralities, and Prideaux drafted a bill for this purpose. Richard Kidder consulted him in the same year about a bill for preventing clandestine marriages.

From 1689 to 1694 Prideaux resided at Saham. He declined in 1691 the Oxford Hebrew chair vacated by the death of Edward Pococke, a step which he afterwards regretted. Saham did not suit his health, and he returned to Norwich. In a letter written on 28 November 1694 after receiving the news of John Tillotson's death, he said that he had no expectations of future advancement. Early in 1697 he was presented to the vicarage of Trowse, near Norwich, a chapter living, which he held till 1709. He succeeded Henry Fairfax as dean of Norwich, and was installed on 8 June 1702. On the translation to Ely (31 July 1707) of John Moore, Prideaux recommended the appointment of Charles Trimnell, his fellow canon, as bishop.

In 1721 Prideaux gave his collection of oriental books to Clare Hall, Cambridge. From about 1709 he had suffered severely from the stone, which prevented him from preaching. An operation was badly managed; attacks of rheumatism and paralysis reduced his strength. He died on 1 November 1724, at the deanery, Norwich, and was buried in the nave of the Norwich Cathedral, where there was a stone to his memory, with an epitaph composed by himself.

## Works

Among his other works were a *Life of Mahomet* (1697), with a polemical tract against the deists. Its scholarship depended in particular on Pococke. It was criticised by George Sale, in his notes to his translation of the *Quran*. Its year-of-publication reprint was followed by a third, and a fourth; and four further editions between 1712 and 1718, and yet another reprint in 1723.

*The Old and New Testament connected in the History of the Jews and Neighbouring Nations* (1715–17) was a significant work, of which many editions were brought out; it drew on James Ussher. It was among the earliest English works to use the term *Vulgar Era*, though Kepler used the term as early as 1635. It covered the historical interval between the Old and New Testaments, and led to a controversy between Prideaux and his cousin, Walter Moyle. Jean Le Clerc wrote a critical examination of it, which was published in English in 1722. The French translation was by Moses Solanus and Jean-Baptiste Brutel de la Rivière.

He published the following pamphlets: *The Validity of the Orders of the Church of England* (1688), *Letter to a Friend on the Present Convocation* (1690), *The Case of Clandestine Marriages stated* (1691). Other works were:

* *Marmora Oxoniensia*, &c., Oxford, 1676, a catalogue and chronology of the Arundel marbles and related collections; the numerous typographical errors were ascribed to the carelessness of Thomas Bennet as corrector of the press. There were later editions, by Michael Maittaire and Richard Chandler.
* *De Jure Pauperis et Peregrini*, &c., Oxford, 1679, (edition of the Hebrew of Maimonides, with a Latin version and notes).
* *A Compendious Introduction for Reading ... Histories*, &c., Oxford, 1682.
* *Directions to Churchwardens*, &c., Norwich, 1701; 7th edition, 1730.
* *The Original and Right of Tithes*, &c., Norwich, 1710; reprinted 1713; 1736.
* *Ecclesiastical Tracts*, &c., 1716.

His letters (1674–1722) to John Ellis were edited for the Camden Society in 1875 by Edward Maunde Thompson.

## Marriage and children

On 16 February 1686 Prideaux married Bridget Bokenham, only child of Anthony Bokenham of Helmingham, Suffolk, and left a son:

Attribution

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gordon, Alexander (1896). "Prideaux, Humphrey". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). *Dictionary of National Biography*. Vol. 46. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 352–354.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Humphrey Prideaux | |
| --- | --- |
| Dean of Norwich | |
|  | |
| Church | Church of England |
| Diocese | Diocese of Norwich |
| In office | 1702-1714 |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1648-05-03)3 May 1648 |
| Died | 1 November 1724(1724-11-01) (aged 76) |
| Nationality | British |
| Education | Westminster School London<br>Liskeard Grammar School |


title: Andrzej Kopiczyński

abstract: Andrzej Kopiczyński was a Polish actor. He appeared in more than 50 films and television between 1958 and 2016.

text:
# Andrzej Kopiczyński

**Andrzej Kopiczyński** (15 April 1934  13 October 2016) was a Polish actor. He appeared in more than 50 films and television between 1958 and 2016.

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Andrzej Kopiczyński | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1934-04-15)15 April 1934
Międzyrzec Podlaski, Poland |
| Died | 13 October 2016(2016-10-13) (aged 82)
Warsaw, Poland |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1955-2016 |


title: 12 Years a Slave (soundtrack)

abstract: Music from and Inspired by 12 Years a Slave is the soundtrack album to 12 Years a Slave. It contains two tracks from the film score composed by Hans Zimmer, three tracks co-arranged by violinist Tim Fain and Nicholas Britell, and original spiritual songs written and arranged for the film by Nicholas Britell, as well as performances by Alabama Shakes, Cody ChesnuTT, Gary Clark Jr., Alicia Keys, Tim Fain, Laura Mvula, Chris Cornell, Joy Williams, John Legend, and spiritual song performances from the film. The album was released digitally on November 5 and in physical formats on November 11, 2013, by Columbia Records in the United States.

text:
# 12 Years a Slave (soundtrack)

***Music from and Inspired by 12 Years a Slave*** is the soundtrack album to *12 Years a Slave*. It contains two tracks from the film score composed by Hans Zimmer, three tracks co-arranged by violinist Tim Fain and Nicholas Britell, and original spiritual songs written and arranged for the film by Nicholas Britell, as well as performances by Alabama Shakes, Cody ChesnuTT, Gary Clark Jr., Alicia Keys, Tim Fain, Laura Mvula, Chris Cornell, Joy Williams, John Legend, and spiritual song performances from the film.

The album was released digitally on November 5 and in physical formats on November 11, 2013, by Columbia Records in the United States.

## Development

Having been interested in each other's work for some time, director Steve McQueen approached composer Hans Zimmer to write the score to *12 Years a Slave* after filming had completed. Zimmer was, however, reluctant to accept the offer feeling he wasn't right for the job. Zimmer explained, "I felt I wasn't the guy, in a way. It was such an important, heavy, incredible subject. \[...\] It took a bit of persuading from \[McQueen\] to give me the confidence to do it". On April 30, 2013, it was officially announced that Zimmer was scoring the film.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Artist(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Devil's Dream" | Tim Fain | 0:29 |
| 2. | "Roll, Jordan, Roll" | John Legend | 2:47 |
| 3. | "Freight Train" | Gary Clark Jr. | 2:35 |
| 4. | "Yarney's Waltz" | Tim Fain and Caitlin Sullivan | 1:16 |
| 5. | "Driva Man" | Alabama Shakes | 4:31 |
| 6. | "My Lord Sunshine (Sunrise)" | David Hughey and Roosevelt Credit | 1:13 |
| 7. | "Move" (featuring Fink) | John Legend | 3:50 |
| 8. | "Washington" | Hans Zimmer | 0:25 |
| 9. | "(In the Evening) When the Sun Goes Down" | Gary Clark Jr. | 4:37 |
| 10. | "Queen of the Field (Patsey's Song)" | Alicia Keys | 5:37 |
| 11. | "Solomon" | Hans Zimmer | 3:31 |
| 12. | "Little Girl Blue" | Laura Mvula | 4:30 |
| 13. | "Misery Chain" (featuring Joy Williams) | Chris Cornell | 5:08 |
| 14. | "Roll Jordan Roll" (featuring Chiwetel Ejiofor) | Topsy Chapman | 1:57 |
| 15. | "Money Musk" | Tim Fain | 0:37 |
| 16. | "What Does Freedom Mean (To a Free Man)" | Cody ChesnuTT | 2:41 |

## Film music not included on the album

## Commentary

> *12 Years a Slave* is a stunningly powerful film. I was so moved when I saw it. I felt every minute of it and was so inspired to contribute to the music of the soundtrack. This album brings together some incredible artists from different places and different genres who have all been touched by the film. When artists are inspired by great art, it makes us want to create. This album is the result of that inspiration.

—John Legend

> We chose a song called "Driva Man". It is a sparse, brooding, slow-swinging jazz number. There is no lightness in the music of "Driva' Man" because there is no mention of freedom in this song. The focus of the track is about an enslaved person reaching "quittin' time" while also trying to please the overseer to avoid getting beaten. After we watched *12 Years a Slave* in our hometown of Athens, Alabama, we stumbled across this song a week later. It is a very simple song which is why we chose it to contribute to the soundtrack. The two works, for a moment, take the audience into another time and place where you can imagine being denied your freedom: after which, one's own freedom can be better appreciated. *12 Years* is one of the most important films we have ever seen and it is important to us to give back some of what the movie has given to us.

—Brittany Howard of the Alabama Shakes

> I was moved by this film and the story in a way that transcends any film experience I have ever had. I was inspired to write a hundred different songs, but finally landed on one based on what I believe is an extremely important message I took from this man's journey. Compassion, basic human rights and love must be our priorities above race, religion or commerce. Every generation needs a reminder of that simple idea.

—Chris Cornell

## InfoBox

| Music from and Inspired by 12 Years a Slave | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Soundtrack album by Various artists | |
| Released | November 5, 2013 (2013-11-05) (digital)
November 11, 2013 (2013-11-11) (physical) |
| Recorded | 2013 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 42:24 |
| Label | Columbia 88843 00857 2 |
| Producer |  |
| Hans Zimmer chronology | |
| *Mr. Morgan's Last Love*
(2013) ***Music from and Inspired by 12 Years a Slave***
(2013) *Winter's Tale*
(2014) | |


title: E C Hedmondt

abstract: Emmanuel Christian Hedmondt was a Canadian-born tenor who made a long and distinguished career, mainly within the operatic repertoire. He changed to this stage name from his family name Hausgen. He also used the name Charles Hedmont, although spellings of this vary.

text:
# E C Hedmondt

**Emmanuel Christian Hedmondt** (24 October 1857 – 25 April 1940) was a Canadian-born tenor who made a long and distinguished career, mainly within the operatic repertoire. He changed to this stage name from his family name Hausgen. He also used the name Charles Hedmont, although spellings of this vary.

## Early life and career

E C Hedmondt was born in Ontario on 24 October 1857. After studying in Montreal and Leipzig, he made his debut at Berlin. From 1882-87 he was a principal tenor at Leipzig, where his repertoire included several Mozart roles including Belmonte, Ottavio, Tamino, and Idomeneo (the latter being a rarity at the time). He also sang Max in *Der Freischütz*. In 1886, he appeared at Bayreuth as David in *Die Meistersinger*. On 20 January 1888 at the Leipzig house he created the role of Don Gaston de Viratos (the romantic lead) at the premiere of the Weber opera Die Drei Pintos, which had been completed by Gustav Mahler. And on that occasion, Mahler himself was the conductor.

From 1891 to 1909 Hedmondt was a principal tenor with the Carl Rosa Opera Company. In 1895 he sang Siegmund at Covent Garden, the first time it was performed in English. When Karl Richter conducted the famous English language Ring cycle at Covent Garden in 1908, Hedmondt was stage manager (i.e. director) as well as singing Loge. In 1914 he was a member of the Quinlan Opera Company that toured to South Africa, Australia and Canada.

His wife Marie sang until a throat operation forced her retirement, after which she taught at Leipzig Conservatorium and subsequently. When in Britain they lived in Liverpool and were friendly with the Boult family. It was because of this connection that Adrian Boult was introduced to Artur Nikisch and encouraged to study with him in Leipzig from September 1912. While there he also acted as accompanist at lessons given by Mrs Hedmondt.

Through Hedmondt's work with Carl Rosa and as producer with other companies he spent some time in Scotland, Edinburgh in particular. In 1917 he toured Scotland in the musical comedy Our Theodore. In 1922, he is recorded as acting as producer for the Edinburgh Opera Company's third season, at the King's Theatre. By 1934, The Stage (April 12) was able to note that the Edinburgh Opera Company was back at the King's with *Yeomen of the Guard* and *Jeanie Deans*. The writer pointed out that Hedmondt had in fact performed a leading role, that of George Staunton, at the latter's premiere forty years previously.

Hedmondt died in London on 25 April 1940.

1. Bullen, Matt (2017) Personal Communication www.operascotland.org
2. Rosenthal, Harold (1979). *The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera*. Oxford University Press. pp. 224.
3. Rosenthal, Harold (1979). *The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera* (2 ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 224.
4. Sadie, Stanley (1992). *The New Grove Dictionary of Opera*. Macmillan. p. 684.
5. Mander, Raymond; Mitchenson, Joe (1977). *The Wagner Companion*. London: W. H. Allen. p. 138.
6. John., Snelson (2006). *The ring : an illustrated history of Wagner's Ring at the Royal Opera House*. Royal Opera House (London, England). London: Oberon Books in association with the Royal Opera House. p. 23. ISBN 1840026022. OCLC 65465015.
7. Alison., Gyger (1990). *Opera for the Antipodes : opera in Australia, 1881-1939*. Sydney: Currency Press and Pellinor. ISBN 0868192686. OCLC 24084953.
8. Adrian Boult "Leipzig - September 1912" Opera, February 1975
9. Harold Rosenthal "Leipzig Opera" Opera, June 1980
10. 1922 The Stage 2 November
11. Design, Site Buddha Web. "Charles Hedmondt | Opera Scotland". *www.operascotland.org*. Retrieved 2 September 2017.

## InfoBox

| E C Hedmondt | |
| --- | --- |
| Starring in *Rip Van Winkle* in 1897 | |
| Born | Emmanuel Christian Hausgen
(1857-10-24)24 October 1857
Ontario, Canada |
| Died | 25 April 1940(1940-04-25) (aged 82)
London, England |
| Occupation | Opera singer |


title: 1,000 Guineas Trial Stakes

abstract: The 1,000 Guineas Trial Stakes was a flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old fillies. It was run over a distance of 7 furlongs, and it was scheduled to take place each year in early April.

text:
# 1,000 Guineas Trial Stakes

The **1,000 Guineas Trial Stakes** was a flat horse race in Great Britain open to three-year-old fillies. It was run over a distance of 7 furlongs (1,408 metres), and it was scheduled to take place each year in early April.

## History

The event was originally held at Ascot. The present grading system was introduced in 1971, and the race was classed at Group 3 level. It was staged at Newmarket in 1978, and transferred to Salisbury in 1979. It was relegated from Group 3 status in 1983, and discontinued after 1986.

The race served as a trial for the 1000 Guineas Stakes. The last horse to win both events was Full Dress in 1969.

The equivalent race for colts was the 2,000 Guineas Trial Stakes.

## Records

**Leading jockey since 1968 (3 wins):**

* Greville Starkey*Gilding (1976), Spring in Deepsea (1978), Go Leasing (1981)*

---

**Leading trainer since 1968 (3 wins):**

* Harry Wragg*Ileana (1968), Full Dress (1969), Cheveley Princess (1973)*

## Winners since 1968

| Year | Winner | Jockey | Trainer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | Ileana | Ron Hutchinson | Harry Wragg |
| 1969 | Full Dress | Ron Hutchinson | Harry Wragg |
| 1970 | Highest Hopes | Jimmy Lindley | Dick Hern |
| 1971 | Cawston's Pride | Brian Taylor | Freddie Maxwell |
| 1972 | Embroidery | Bill Williamson | Vincent O'Brien |
| 1973 | Cheveley Princess | Geoff Lewis | Harry Wragg |
| 1974 | Polygamy | Pat Eddery | Peter Walwyn |
| 1975 | *no race* |  |  |
| 1976 | Gilding | Greville Starkey | Ian Balding |
| 1977 | Sanedtki | Alain Lequeux | Olivier Douieb |
| 1978 | Spring in Deepsea | Greville Starkey | Luca Cumani |
| 1979 | Tudor Maid | Edward Hide | John Winter |
| 1980 | Battlewind | Ray Cochrane | Ron Sheather |
| 1981 | Go Leasing | Greville Starkey | Guy Harwood |
| 1982 | Rose of Montreaux | John Reid | Paul Cole |
| 1983 | Silverdip | Paul Cook | Ian Balding |
| 1984 | Meis El-Reem | Alain Lequeux | Olivier Douieb |
| 1985 | Dafayna | Walter Swinburn | Michael Stoute |
| 1986 | Migiyas | Richard Quinn | Paul Cole |

## InfoBox

1,000 Guineas Trial Stakes
| Conditions race (discontinued) | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Ascot / Salisbury
England |
| Last run | 9 April 1986 |
| Race type | Flat / Thoroughbred |
| Race information | |
| Distance | 7f (1,408 metres) |
| Surface | Turf |
| Qualification | Three-year-old fillies |
| Purse | £8,000 *(1986)*
**1st:** £5,712 |


title: Dylan Wight

abstract: Dylan Wight is an Australian politician who is the current member for the district of Tarneit in the Victorian Legislative Assembly. He is a member of the Labor Party and was elected in the 2022 state election, replacing Sarah Connolly, who transferred to the new seat of Laverton. Before being elected to Parliament, Wight worked as an organiser at the Australian Manufacturing Workers Union. Wight is a member of the Victorian Socialist Left faction in the Labor Party.

text:
# Dylan Wight

**Dylan Wight** is an Australian politician who is the current member for the district of Tarneit in the Victorian Legislative Assembly. He is a member of the Labor Party and was elected in the 2022 state election, replacing Sarah Connolly, who transferred to the new seat of Laverton.

Before being elected to Parliament, Wight worked as an organiser at the Australian Manufacturing Workers Union.

Wight is a member of the Victorian Socialist Left faction in the Labor Party.

## InfoBox

| Dylan WightMP | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
for Tarneit | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
26 November 2022 | |
| Preceded by | Sarah Connolly |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Labor |
| Website | www.dylanwightmp.com.au |
|  | |


title: Do What You Want (EP)

abstract: Do What You Want is the third EP by American rock band OK Go to promote their second album Oh No. It includes two songs that would later be released on the album and a third song, a cover of The Cure's "The Lovecats" which would also be later released as a b-side to the "A Million Ways" and the "Here It Goes Again" singles.

text:
# Do What You Want (EP)

***Do What You Want*** is the third EP by American rock band OK Go to promote their second album *Oh No*. It includes two songs ("Do What You Want" and "Invincible") that would later be released on the album and a third song, a cover of The Cure's "The Lovecats" which would also be later released as a b-side to the "A Million Ways" and the "Here It Goes Again" singles.

## Track listing

1. "Do What You Want" (Tim Nordwind, Damian Kulash) – 3:05
2. "Invincible" (Damian Kulash) – 3:31
3. "The Lovecats" (Robert Smith) – 3:31

## InfoBox

| Do What You Want | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by OK Go | |
| Released | June 14, 2005 |
| Recorded | 2004–2005 |
| Genre | Alternative rock |
| Length | 10:07 |
| Label | Capitol |
| Producer | Tore Johansson |
| OK Go chronology | |
| *OK Go*
(2002) ***Do What You Want***
(2005) *Oh No*
(2005) | |


title: Alex Glegg

abstract: Alexander Kenneth Lindsay Glegg is a Canadian former cricketer. He represented the Canadian national side in several competitions during the 1990s. Born in Rhodesia, Glegg made his List A debut for Canada in October 1996, during the 1996–97 Shell/Sandals Trophy. The tournament featured teams outside the scope of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB) for the first time, with Canada and Bermuda participating as invitational teams. Glegg, a right-handed wicket-keeper, featured in the last four of Canada's six games, missing out on the first two matches. However, he was only wicket-keeper for the final match, against the Leeward Islands, with Shiv Seeram instead used as the team's primary keeper. Glegg opened the batting in every match he played, with his opening partners including Latchman Bhansingh, the team's captain Ingleton Liburd, and Brian Rajadurai. His best performance came against Trinidad and Tobago, when he scored 37 before being bowled by West Indies international Phil Simmons. Against Jamaica, he and Liburd put on a 69-run opening stand, while on debut against the Leeward Islands he was the only Canadian top-order batsman to pass double figures, with the side bowled out for 74. Glegg's next appearances for Canada came at the 1997 ICC Trophy, played in Malaysia in March and April. With Danny Ramnarais preferred as wicket-keeper, he played in only two matches, against East and Central Africa in the group stages and against Hong Kong in the seventh-place playoff. Glegg's batting performances were lacklustre, but he recorded three dismissals in each game, with three stumpings effected. One of the batsmen he stumped was Hong Kong's Rahul Sharma, an ex-Ranji Trophy and future ODI player. Glegg's last recorded matches for Canada came in October 1997, at the 1997–98 Red Stripe Bowl. Featuring in all four of Canada's matches, he twice recorded ducks, against Guyana and the Leeward Islands. However, against Guyana in the quarter-final, he scored 47 runs coming in fifth in the batting order, his highest list-A score. This included a 105-run fourth-wicket partnership with Paul Prashad. Canada's wicket-keeper at its next international tournament, the 1998 Commonwealth Games, was Danny Ramnrais. Glegg remained involved in Canadian cricket after finishing his playing career, as evidenced by his role as match referee at a 2006 international fixture between the Bermudian and Canadian women's national sides, played in Victoria, British Columbia. His club cricket was played for the Meraloma Cricket Club, based in Vancouver.

text:
# Alex Glegg

**Alexander Kenneth Lindsay Glegg** (born 9 August 1971) is a Canadian former cricketer. He represented the Canadian national side in several competitions during the 1990s.

Born in Rhodesia (present-day Zimbabwe), Glegg made his List A debut for Canada in October 1996, during the 1996–97 Shell/Sandals Trophy (the West Indian domestic one-day competition). The tournament featured teams outside the scope of the West Indies Cricket Board (WICB) for the first time, with Canada and Bermuda participating as invitational teams. Glegg, a right-handed wicket-keeper, featured in the last four of Canada's six games, missing out on the first two matches (against Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago). However, he was only wicket-keeper for the final match, against the Leeward Islands, with Shiv Seeram instead used as the team's primary keeper. Glegg opened the batting in every match he played, with his opening partners including Latchman Bhansingh (one game), the team's captain Ingleton Liburd (two games), and Brian Rajadurai (one game). His best performance came against Trinidad and Tobago, when he scored 37 before being bowled by West Indies international Phil Simmons. Against Jamaica, he and Liburd put on a 69-run opening stand, while on debut against the Leeward Islands he was the only Canadian top-order batsman to pass double figures, with the side bowled out for 74.

Glegg's next appearances for Canada came at the 1997 ICC Trophy, played in Malaysia in March and April. With Danny Ramnarais preferred as wicket-keeper, he played in only two matches, against East and Central Africa in the group stages and against Hong Kong in the seventh-place playoff. Glegg's batting performances (opening with Latchman Bhasingh and Desmond Chumney) were lacklustre, but he recorded three dismissals in each game, with three stumpings effected (off three different bowlers). One of the batsmen he stumped was Hong Kong's Rahul Sharma, an ex-Ranji Trophy and future ODI player. Glegg's last recorded matches for Canada came in October 1997, at the 1997–98 Red Stripe Bowl (the renamed Shell/Sandals Trophy). Featuring in all four of Canada's matches, he twice recorded ducks, against Guyana and the Leeward Islands. However, against Guyana in the quarter-final (in what was to be his last list-A match), he scored 47 runs coming in fifth in the batting order, his highest list-A score. This included a 105-run fourth-wicket partnership with Paul Prashad. Canada's wicket-keeper at its next international tournament, the 1998 Commonwealth Games, was Danny Ramnrais. Glegg remained involved in Canadian cricket after finishing his playing career, as evidenced by his role as match referee at a 2006 international fixture between the Bermudian and Canadian women's national sides, played in Victoria, British Columbia. His club cricket was played for the Meraloma Cricket Club, based in Vancouver.

## InfoBox

Alex Glegg
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Alexander Kenneth Lindsay Glegg |
| Born | (1971-08-09) 9 August 1971<br>Rhodesia |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Role | Wicket-keeper |
| International information | |
| National side |  |
|  | |
| Source: CricketArchive, 7 April 2015 | |


title: Elktoe

abstract: The elktoe is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This species is found in southeastern Canada and the eastern United States. Like many mussels, it is threatened by water pollution from agriculture, industry, and other development, such as acid mine drainage and sedimentation. It may be extinct in Oklahoma.

text:
# Elktoe

The **elktoe** (***Alasmidonta marginata***) is a species of freshwater mussel, an aquatic bivalve mollusk in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. This species is found in southeastern Canada and the eastern United States. Like many mussels, it is threatened by water pollution from agriculture, industry, and other development, such as acid mine drainage and sedimentation. It may be extinct in Oklahoma.

## Description

The elktoe is a moderately sized mussel of about 4 inches. The shell is thin and triangular-shaped with an inflated center. The anterior end is elongated and round and the border of the shell is marked with fine ridges. The hinge of the two shells, or umbo, is large and located near the center of the shell. The shell is a dull yellowish-green with multiple rays and dark green spots. The interior of the shell is a glossy bluish-white and may have some salmon near the edges and beak. The beak consists of double-looped ridges lined with thin teeth. The elktoe most closely resembles the snuffbox and deertoe, however, both lack a beak and teeth.

## Ecology

The elktoe is most commonly found in small, fast-moving, and shallow rivers, however, it can survive in larger bodies of water. The elktoe prefers a sand or gravel substrate. Substantial populations are found from Northeastern Canada to Arkansas. It is found along the east coast from New York to Virginia but remains inland further South. The majority of the elktoe population is found in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. The species was once found in Alabama but is now believed to have been extirpated as there have been no recordings in the past few decades

Like other mussels, the elktoe may live for many decades and up to a century buried in rocks and other sediment. They are mostly sedentary but may use their foot, a muscle on the inside of the shell, to move around by extending and contracting the mussel between the two shells.

The elktoe is a filter feeder and eats mostly bacteria, algae, and other organic matter. Water is drawn into the body through the siphon, and food and oxygen are removed from the water which is then pumped out through the siphon.

Mussels are gonochoristic, meaning there are separate sexes. The elktoe breeds during warm months and females will keep the larval forms, called glochidia, in the marsupia for up to eleven months. Once released, the larva must attach to the gills of a host fish, where they are parasitic on the fish until becoming a juvenile mussel. Juvenile mussels will then live in substrate and filter feed until they develop into adults.

## Conservation

All freshwater mussels in North America have suffered an extreme decline in population growth and increase in extinction rate due to habitat loss, deterioration, fragmentation, and pollution. The elktoe also experiences predation and competition with invasive species. In the Mississippi River, the Zebra mussel will attach in large numbers to native mussels, including the elktoe, and cause suffocation and eventual death. Future conservation efforts should focus on maintaining the natural habitat of the mussels from deterioration and pollution from both industrial and residential points. In addition to protecting the elktoe, the most common host fish must also be protected, such as the White sucker, Rock bass, and Warmouth.

## InfoBox

| Elktoe | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Bivalvia |
| Order: | Unionida |
| Family: | Unionidae |
| Genus: | *Alasmidonta* |
| Species: | ***A. marginata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Alasmidonta marginata***
Say, 1818 | |
|


title: Luis de la Peña

abstract: Luis Fernando de la Peña-Auerbach known as Luis de la Peña is a Mexican physicist, born in Mexico City in 1931. He is a researcher of the Institute of Physics and professor of the Faculty of Sciences of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and is a member of the Science Advisory Council of the Presidency of Mexico. He graduated from ESIME of the National Polytechnic Institute with a degree in mechanical-electrical engineering and began his professional activity as a designer of audio systems. From 1954 was professor of the ESIME and from 1958 definitively joined UNAM. He completed his PhD in 1964 under the direction of Arseny Sokolov at the Moscow State University in the Soviet Union. He is known most for his contributions towards the field of stochastic electrodynamics (SED). In 2002 he was awarded the National Prize for Arts and Sciences in the Physics, Mathematics, and Natural Sciences category.

text:
# Luis de la Peña

**Luis Fernando de la Peña-Auerbach** known as **Luis de la Peña** is a Mexican physicist, born in Mexico City in 1931. He is a researcher of the Institute of Physics and professor of the Faculty of Sciences of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and is a member of the Science Advisory Council of the Presidency of Mexico.

He graduated from ESIME of the National Polytechnic Institute with a degree in mechanical-electrical engineering and began his professional activity as a designer of audio systems. From 1954 was professor of the ESIME and from 1958 definitively joined UNAM. He completed his PhD in 1964 under the direction of Arseny Sokolov at the Moscow State University in the Soviet Union.

He is known most for his contributions towards the field of stochastic electrodynamics (SED). In 2002 he was awarded the National Prize for Arts and Sciences in the Physics, Mathematics, and Natural Sciences category.

## Selected publications

### Papers

* de la Peña, L. (1967). "A Simple Derivation of the Schrödinger Equation From the Theory of Markov processes". *Physics Letters A*. **24** (11): 603–604. Bibcode:1967PhLA...24..603D. doi:10.1016/0375-9601(67)90639-1. ISSN 0375-9601.

### Books

### Notes

### Bibliography

Luis de la Peña publications indexed by Google Scholar

## InfoBox

| Luis de la Peña | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1931 |
| Citizenship | Mexican |
| Alma mater |  |
| Known for |  |
| Spouse | Ana María Cetto |
| Awards | National Prize for Arts and Sciences |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions |  |
| Doctoral advisor | Arseny Sokolov |
|  | |


title: Andrzej Kot

abstract: Andrzej Kot was a Polish designer, calligrapher, typesetter, typographer, book illustrator. Kot has participated since 1978 in many world graphic events. In 1981 Kot received a gold medal International Biennial Bookplate in Malbork. In professional press for the first time in the Project of May 1980, with a text by Anna Jasińska. Kot promoted the work of designers such as Jan Młodożeniec, Leon Urbanski, Jerzy Jaworowski and Janusz Stanny. The court engraver for the Kingdom of Sweden, creator of hundreds of postage stamps and banknotes, Czeslaw Slania, corresponded with Kot for 15 years. Dzięki Słani interested the Japanese in publishing Idea – writings on contemporary graphic design. The Japanese released their first album with the work of Andrzej Kot at the end of the 1980s. In Poland, Leo Urbański published Matynia, Andrzej; Kocie, Andrzeju, Prawdziwa cnotka nie boi się kotka. Andrzej Matynia o Andrzeju Kocie i jego ekslibrisach [True cnotka book is not afraid of a cat. Andrzej Matynia about Andrzej Kot and his ekslibrisach], Doświadczalna Oficyna Graficzna Pracowni Sztuk Plastycznych. In 2007 a student of Kot and graphic designer, Jacek Wałdowski, published in Lublin two collections of his drawings. Kot published in Germany Scriptura, in Hungary Magyar Grafika, in New York Upper &LowerCase, in California Fried Caligrafic, Sarmatian Houston and the aforementioned Idea in Tokyo. He was the only Polish artist mentioned in Kiermeier-Debré, Joseph; Vogel, Fritz Franz (1995), Das alphabet. Die Bildwelt der Buchstaben von A bis Z [The alphabet. The visual world of letters from A to Z], Ravenburger. The Germans appreciated his typefaces Ot-Kot, Lot-Kot, Iza and Kozina. He contributed a rendering of II Kings 3:16 to Knuth, Donald Ervin (1991), 3:16 Bible Texts Illuminated, Madison, WI, US: A–R, while enduring censorship and hardships in Poland. The author defines his own work as "play-graphic mess without limitation, in connection with a literary text". Weimar, London and St. Petersburg devoted Kot special congresses. There is a permanent exhibition of his work in the Gutenberg Museum, Mainz. From time to time Kot virtual galleries appear on the Internet. He publishes since 2002 in Ulicy Wszystkich Świętych. 27 January 2008 he was awarded the Angelus in the category Artist of the Year 2007.

text:
# Andrzej Kot

**Andrzej Kot** (November 21, 1946 – February 17, 2015) was a Polish designer, calligrapher, typesetter, typographer, book illustrator.

Kot has participated since 1978 (Brno Graphic Biennial) in many world graphic events. In 1981 Kot received a gold medal International Biennial Bookplate in Malbork. In professional press for the first time in the *Project* of May 1980, with a text by Anna Jasińska. Kot promoted the work of designers such as Jan Młodożeniec, Leon Urbanski, Jerzy Jaworowski and Janusz Stanny. The court engraver for the Kingdom of Sweden, creator of hundreds of postage stamps and banknotes, Czeslaw Slania (d. 2005), corresponded with Kot for 15 years.

Dzięki Słani interested the Japanese in publishing *Idea* – writings on contemporary graphic design. The Japanese released their first album with the work of Andrzej Kot at the end of the 1980s. In Poland, Leo Urbański published Matynia, Andrzej; Kocie, Andrzeju (December 1986), *Prawdziwa cnotka nie boi się kotka. Andrzej Matynia o Andrzeju Kocie i jego ekslibrisach* \[*True cnotka book is not afraid of a cat. Andrzej Matynia about Andrzej Kot and his ekslibrisach*\], Doświadczalna Oficyna Graficzna Pracowni Sztuk Plastycznych. In 2007 a student of Kot and graphic designer, Jacek Wałdowski, published in Lublin two collections of his drawings (third in preparation).

Kot published in Germany *Scriptura*, in Hungary *Magyar Grafika*, in New York *Upper &LowerCase*, in California *Fried Caligrafic*, *Sarmatian Houston* and the aforementioned *Idea* in Tokyo. He was the only Polish artist mentioned in Kiermeier-Debré, Joseph; Vogel, Fritz Franz (1995), *Das alphabet. Die Bildwelt der Buchstaben von A bis Z* \[*The alphabet. The visual world of letters from A to Z*\] (in German), Ravenburger. The Germans appreciated his typefaces Ot-Kot, Lot-Kot, Iza and Kozina.

He contributed a rendering of II Kings 3:16 to Knuth, Donald Ervin (1991), *3:16 Bible Texts Illuminated*, Madison, WI, US: A–R, while enduring censorship and hardships in Poland.

The author defines his own work as "play-graphic mess without limitation, in connection with a literary text". Weimar, London and St. Petersburg devoted Kot special congresses. There is a permanent exhibition of his work in the Gutenberg Museum, Mainz. From time to time Kot virtual galleries appear on the Internet (e.g., *Regiopolis*, Germany, 2004 \[2001\], archived from the original on 10 December 2002`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)). He publishes since 2002 in *Ulicy Wszystkich Świętych* (Mail art). 27 January 2008 he was awarded the Angelus in the category Artist of the Year 2007.

## Bibliography

## Footnotes


title: Dysdera anonyma

abstract: Dysdera anonyma is a spider species found in Spain.

text:
# Dysdera anonyma

***Dysdera anonyma*** is a spider species found in Spain.

## InfoBox

| *Dysdera anonyma* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Dysderidae |
| Genus: | *Dysdera* |
| Species: | ***D. anonyma*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dysdera anonyma***<br>Ferrandez, 1984 | |
|


# 1810 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut

| District | Incumbent | | | This race | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Connecticut at-large
7 seats on a general ticket | Lewis B. Sturges | Federalist | 1805 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | **Lewis B. Sturges** (Federalist) 14.8%
**Jonathan O. Moseley** (Federalist) 13.9%
**Benjamin Tallmadge** (Federalist) 13.8%
**Epaphroditus Champion** (Federalist) 13.6%
**Timothy Pitkin** (Federalist) 12.2%
**Lyman Law** (Federalist) 11.0%
**John Davenport** (Federalist) 8.4%
Ebenezer Huntington (Federalist) 3.9%
Samuel B. Sherwood (Federalist) 3.2%
Nathan Smith (Federalist) 2.0%
Nathaniel Terry (Federalist) 1.2%
Sylvanus Backus (Federalist) 1.0%
Sylvester Gilbert (Federalist) 0.3%
John Caldwell (Federalist) 0.3%
Uriel Holmes (Federalist) 0.2%
Asa Bacon Jr. (Federalist) 0.2% |
| | Jonathan O. Moseley | Federalist | 1804 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
| | Benjamin Tallmadge | Federalist | 1801 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | |
| | Epaphroditus Champion | Federalist | 1806 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
| | Timothy Pitkin | Federalist | 1805 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | |
| | Samuel W. Dana | Federalist | 1796 (Special) | Incumbent resigned in May 1810 after election as U.S. Senator.
New member elected.
Federalist hold.
Successor (Law) was not elected to finish the current term. | |
| | John Davenport | Federalist | 1798 | Incumbent re-elected. | |


abstract: 1000 Places to See Before You Die is a documentary series that was shown on the Travel Channel as well as Discovery HD Theater in 2007. The show, hosted by Albin and Melanie Ulle, travels around the world to showcase some of the Earth's vast beauty. The program also explores the diverse cultures of several amazing countries and approximately 100 of the 1,000 Places from the book, with an eye towards unearthing local charms and traditions.

text:
# 1,000 Places to See Before You Die (TV series)

***1000 Places to See Before You Die*** is a documentary series that was shown on the Travel Channel as well as Discovery HD Theater (now Velocity HD) in 2007. The show, hosted by Albin and Melanie Ulle, travels around the world to showcase some of the Earth's vast beauty. The program also explores the diverse cultures of several amazing countries and approximately 100 of the 1,000 Places from the book, with an eye towards unearthing local charms and traditions.

## Discovery HD Theater series (TV video)

**Collection 1**

* *1,000 Places to See Before You Die* \- Alaska
* *1,000 Places to See Before You Die* \- Australia
* *1,000 Places to See Before You Die* \- Brazil
* *1,000 Places to See Before You Die* \- France
* *1,000 Places to See Before You Die* \- Hawaii
* *1,000 Places to See Before You Die* \- Italy

**Collection 2**

* *1,000 Places to See Before You Die* \- Cambodia
* *1,000 Places to See Before You Die* \- Canada
* *1,000 Places to See Before You Die* \- India
* *1,000 Places to See Before You Die* \- Mexico
* *1,000 Places to See Before You Die* \- Nepal
* *1,000 Places to See Before You Die* \- Peru
* *1,000 Places to See Before You Die* \- South Africa

## InfoBox

| *1,000 Places to See Before You Die* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Documentary |
| Presented by | Albin and Melanie Ulle |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 13 |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Casey Brumels |
| Running time | 60 min. |
| Original release | |
| Network | Travel Channel, Discovery HD Theater (now Velocity HD) |
| Release | March 29, 2007 (2007-03-29) |


title: Dynamic aperture (accelerator physics)

abstract: The dynamic aperture is the stability region of phase space in a circular accelerator.

text:
# Dynamic aperture (accelerator physics)

The **dynamic aperture** is the stability region of phase space in a circular accelerator.

## For hadrons

In the case of protons or heavy ion accelerators, (or synchrotrons, or storage rings), there is minimal radiation, and hence the dynamics is symplectic. For long term stability, tiny dynamical diffusion (or Arnold diffusion) can lead an initially stable orbit slowly into an unstable region. This makes the dynamic aperture problem particularly challenging. One may be considering stability over billions of turns. A scaling law for Dynamic aperture vs. number of turns has been proposed by Giovannozzi.

## For electrons

For the case of electrons, the electrons will radiate which causes a damping effect. This means that one typically only cares about stability over thousands of turns.

## Methods to compute or optimize dynamic aperture

The basic method for computing dynamic aperture involves the use of a tracking code. A model of the ring is built within the code that includes an integration routine for each magnetic element. The particle is tracked many turns and stability is determined.

In addition, there are other quantities that may be computed to characterize the dynamics, and can be related to the dynamic aperture. One example is the tune shift with amplitude.

There have also been other proposals for approaches to enlarge dynamic aperture, such as: