title: 1985 Handsworth riots

abstract: The second Handsworth riots took place in the Handsworth district of Birmingham, West Midlands, from 9 to 11 September 1985. The riots were reportedly sparked by the arrest of a man near the Acapulco Cafe, Lozells and a police raid on the Villa Cross public house in the same area. Hundreds of people attacked police and property, looting and smashing, even setting off fire bombs. Handsworth had been the scene of a less serious riot four years earlier, when a wave of rioting hit over 30 other British towns and cities during the spring and summer of 1981. Racial tension and friction between the police and the local ethnic minority communities was seen as a major factor in the riots. Handsworth had been predominantly populated by the black and Asian communities for around 30 years by 1985. Handsworth also had one of the highest unemployment rates in Birmingham. Two brothers were burnt to death in the post office that they ran. Two other people were unaccounted for, 35 others injured, more than 1500 police officers drafted into the area, about 45 shops looted and burnt, and a trail of damage running into hundreds of thousands of pounds. As well as racial tension, unemployment was seen as a major factor in the riots; fewer than 5% of black pupils to have left school in the summer preceding the riot had found employment. The riots were the subject of John Akomfrah's award-winning documentary film Handsworth Songs. Filmmaker and artist Pogus Caesar extensively documented the riots, his photographs have been exhibited at ICA, London, TATE Britain, Bristol Museum & Art Gallery and National Gallery of Art, Washington, USA. They were depicted in reggae artist Pato Banton's song Handsworth Riots. And they were witnessed by Goldie and Bronx graffiti artists Brim, who documented the devastation in the documentary Bombin' (1987). The riots were the first of a series of similar riots across the country during the autumn of 1985, notably the Broadwater Farm riot in London which also resulted in a fatality.

text:
# 1985 Handsworth riots

The **second Handsworth riots** took place in the Handsworth district of Birmingham, West Midlands, from 9 to 11 September 1985. The riots were reportedly sparked by the arrest of a man near the Acapulco Cafe, Lozells and a police raid on the *Villa Cross* public house in the same area. Hundreds of people attacked police and property, looting and smashing, even setting off fire bombs.

Handsworth had been the scene of a less serious riot four years earlier, when a wave of rioting hit over 30 other British towns and cities during the spring and summer of 1981.

Racial tension and friction between the police and the local ethnic minority communities was seen as a major factor in the riots. Handsworth had been predominantly populated by the black and Asian communities for around 30 years by 1985. Handsworth also had one of the highest unemployment rates in Birmingham.

Two brothers (Kassamali Moledina, 38, and his 44-year-old brother Amirali) were burnt to death in the post office that they ran. Two other people were unaccounted for, 35 others injured, more than 1500 police officers drafted into the area, about 45 shops looted and burnt, and a trail of damage running into hundreds of thousands of pounds. As well as racial tension, unemployment was seen as a major factor in the riots; fewer than 5% of black pupils to have left school in the summer preceding the riot had found employment.

The riots were the subject of John Akomfrah's award-winning documentary film *Handsworth Songs.* Filmmaker and artist Pogus Caesar extensively documented the riots, his photographs have been exhibited at ICA, London, TATE Britain, Bristol Museum & Art Gallery and National Gallery of Art, Washington, USA. They were depicted in reggae artist Pato Banton's song *Handsworth Riots*. And they were witnessed by Goldie and Bronx graffiti artists Brim, who documented the devastation in the documentary *Bombin'* (1987)*.*

The riots were the first of a series of similar riots across the country during the autumn of 1985, notably the Broadwater Farm riot in London which also resulted in a fatality (the murder of policeman Keith Blakelock).

## Sources

## InfoBox

| 1985 Handsworth riot | |
| --- | --- |
| West Midlands Police officers equipped with riot gear in Handsworth during the civil disorder in 1985 | |
| Date | 9-11 September 1985 |
| Location | Handsworth, Birmingham, England |
| Methods | Rioting, looting, arson |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 2 deaths
2 people unaccounted for
35 injured | |


title: Embassy of Colombia, Washington, D.C.

abstract: The Embassy of Colombia in Washington, D.C. is the Republic of Colombia's diplomatic mission to the United States of America. The building is located at 1724 Massachusetts Avenue NW on Embassy Row.

text:
# Embassy of Colombia, Washington, D.C.

The **Embassy of Colombia** in Washington, D.C. is the Republic of Colombia's diplomatic mission to the United States of America. The building is located at 1724 Massachusetts Avenue NW on Embassy Row.

## InfoBox

| Embassy of Colombia, Washington, D.C. | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Kalorama |
| Address | 1724 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, D.C., 20036 United States |
| Coordinates | 38°54′38.91″N 77°02′41.83″W / 38.9108083°N 77.0449528°W / 38.9108083; -77.0449528 |
| Ambassador | Francisco Santos Calderon |


title: Aphomia erumpens

abstract: Aphomia erumpens is a species of snout moth in the genus Aphomia. It was described by Thomas Pennington Lucas in 1898 and is known from Queensland, Australia.

text:
# Aphomia erumpens

***Aphomia erumpens*** is a species of snout moth in the genus *Aphomia*. It was described by Thomas Pennington Lucas in 1898 and is known from Queensland, Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Aphomia erumpens* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Aphomia* |
| Species: | ***A. erumpens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aphomia erumpens***<br>(T.P. Lucas, 1898) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Aphonia erumpens* Lucas, 1898 | |


title: Aphomia curvicostellus

abstract: Aphomia curvicostellus is a species of snout moth in the genus Aphomia. It was described by Zerny, in 1914, and is known from Kazakhstan. The length of the forewings is 12–15 mm.

text:
# Aphomia curvicostellus

***Aphomia curvicostellus*** is a species of snout moth in the genus *Aphomia*. It was described by Zerny, in 1914, and is known from Kazakhstan.

The length of the forewings is 12–15 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Aphomia curvicostellus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Aphomia* |
| Species: | ***A. curvicostellus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aphomia curvicostellus***<br>(Zerny, 1914) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Melissoblaptes curvicostellus* Zerny, 1914 | |


title: Appleton Tower

abstract: Appleton Tower is a tower block in Edinburgh, Scotland, owned by the University of Edinburgh.

text:
# Appleton Tower

**Appleton Tower** is a tower block in Edinburgh, Scotland, owned by the University of Edinburgh.

## History

When the University developed the George Square area in the 1960s, a large swathe of Georgian Edinburgh was demolished, leading to accusations of cultural vandalism. The Appleton Tower was intended as the first phase of the proposed interlinked Fundamental Science buildings, in a development that would have covered much of the South Side. The Tower was named in posthumous honour of physicist Sir Edward Appleton, the Principal who oversaw the development from vision into concrete reality of the George Square redevelopment.

In the post-war period, vociferous support for the George Square scheme, and impassioned opposition to it, were so intense as to elevate it to a national debate.

## Design

Designed by Alan Reiach, Eric Hall and Partners, the building included seven floors of laboratory accommodation, surmounting a double-height circulation concourse, with facilities included in its podium. A block containing five lecture theatres clad in conglomerate concrete and pebble-imbedded slabs is attached to its southern side. The tower's completion in 1966 created a symbolic manifestation of Appleton's vision for integration of the arts and sciences, with the twin towers of David Hume (Arts, now called 40 George Square) and Appleton (Sciences), dominating the University's Central area.

An associated teaching block for east George Square, and a Mathematics and Physics building for the "car park site" on north Crichton Street, were intended to interlock at this sector. The latter project was relocated to King's Buildings in the 1960s, resulting in the James Clerk Maxwell Building; the succeeding project for the site, the Dental Hospital and School, was abandoned for lack of funding. The Tower was left isolated - and without a proper entrance, as this had been intended to be via connection to further construction.

Appleton Tower was built to allow first-year science students to be taught in the university's Central area. It has five lecture theatres, together accommodating around 1,200 students, and several smaller seminar and tutorial rooms. The upper floors originally housed teaching laboratories, which, with the development of more modern facilities at King's Buildings, had become outdated by the end of the 20th century. The upper floors are now used primarily by the school of informatics for free access study space, office space, and small teaching rooms.

## Refurbishment in 2006

Three floors (3-5) of the building have been used by the School of Informatics since the Edinburgh Cowgate fire in December 2002. These have been completely refurbished, creating a modern environment for teaching and research, although research has all but completely moved to the Informatics Forum. The five lecture theatres and teaching space on the ground and first floors were refurbished in 2006, and the remaining floors (basement and 6-8) were renovated in 2007.

### Recladding

The Tower's external cladding of pre-cast concrete slabs with mosaic detailing had suffered badly from the Scottish weather, and in 2014 the university received permission for the recladding of the exterior, a reworking of the podium including the creation of a proper entrance, and integrating the Tower with the surrounding environment of Edinburgh's Southside. The refurbishment was completed on 7 November 2017.

### Context

Although the Fundamental Science Buildings were not completed, preparatory demolition of Bristo Street to form the adjoining Crichton Street site left the University with an embarrassing gap site, which remained as an open, windswept car park for over forty years.

The 2007 completion of the interior renovation of Appleton Tower coincides with further development of the surrounding area; the Crichton Street Car Park closed in 2005 to allow construction of the Informatics Forum, which was completed in 2008.

## Criticism

### Outwards appearance

Geneticist Steve Jones has nominated "the ugliness of the Appleton Tower" as one of the wonders of the world for a BBC2 TV show.

Early in 2005, a student newspaper launched a campaign to nominate it for the Channel 4 series *Demolition*  a series about the "worst buildings in Britain". The Tower did not make the final twelve. Later, in the same year, Historic Scotland considered giving the building listed status, but after opposition it was removed from the list.

A common joke among students and staff of the University of Edinburgh is that Appleton Tower has some of the best views in Edinburgh, because it is one of the few places in the centre of the city where you cannot see the tower itself.

## Edinburgh Fringe

During the Edinburgh Festival Fringe each August, the building is used by the Edinburgh Festival Fringe Society as a hub for performers and press, and goes by the name of Fringe Central. The venue is designated as Venue 2 of the Fringe.

1. Fenton, Clive (2002). "A Century of Change in George Square, 1876–1976" (PDF). *Book of the Old Edinburgh Club*. New Series (5). Edinburgh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2013.
2. "Appleton Tower recladding | ,the University of Edinburgh". Archived from the original on 9 November 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
3. "Appleton Tower | InfWeb".
4. "13/04874/FUL | Recladding of the main tower building, new enclosure extension to east entrance and associated external hard landscaping. | Appleton Tower 11 Crichton Street Edinburgh EH8 9LE". Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
5. "CCG completes Appleton Tower upgrade for University of Edinburgh". Retrieved 7 November 2017.
6. "University of Edinburgh's Appleton Tower over-cladding project completes". Retrieved 7 November 2017.
7. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 5 August 2007. Retrieved 10 November 2007.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
8. http://www.studentnewspaper.org/view\_article.php?article\_id=20050228170439%5B%5D
9. Scotsman.com News
10. "History of Appleton Tower". *The University of Edinburgh*. 13 February 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
11. "Fringe Central". Edinburgh Guide.

55°56′40″N 3°11′14″W / 55.94444°N 3.18722°W / 55.94444; -3.18722

## InfoBox

| Appleton Tower | |
| --- | --- |
| The tower in 2018, following the completion of extensive recladding works. | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Type | University tower block |
| Location | Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Construction started | 1963 |
| Completed | 1966 |
| Owner | The University of Edinburgh |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 11 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Alan Reiach, Eric Hall and Partners |


title: Appleton P. Clark Jr.

abstract: Appleton Prentiss Clark Jr. was an American architect from Washington, D.C. During his 60-year career, Clark was responsible for designing hundreds of buildings in the Washington area, including homes, hotels, churches, apartments and commercial properties. He is considered one of the city's most prominent and influential architects from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Many of his designs are now listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).

text:
# Appleton P. Clark Jr.

**Appleton Prentiss Clark Jr.** (November 13, 1865  March 25, 1955) was an American architect from Washington, D.C. During his 60-year career, Clark was responsible for designing hundreds of buildings in the Washington area, including homes, hotels, churches, apartments and commercial properties. He is considered one of the city's most prominent and influential architects from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Many of his designs are now listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).

## Early life

During the Civil War, Clark's family moved from Philadelphia to Washington, D.C., shortly before his birth on November 13, 1865. His father was a lawyer and prominent local Republican who was a strong advocate of voting rights for African Americans. After graduating from Central High School in 1883, Clark apprenticed with prominent architect Alfred B. Mullett until 1885. He then traveled to Europe to observe and study the continent's famous buildings and returned to Washington in 1886 where he opened his own practice. In 1891, he married Vermont native Florence Perry with whom he had two children, Waldo and Marguerite.

## Career

Clark originally designed buildings in the Romanesque Revival style, influenced by his time working with Mullett. Examples include Eastern Presbyterian Church (now Imani Temple) at 609 Maryland Avenue NE (built 1891) and the Washington Post Building at 1337 E Street NW (built 1893, razed 1954). Like other architects, his design preferences changed throughout his career. His works include buildings designed in the Colonial Revival, Gothic Revival, Italianate, Renaissance Revival, Shingle and Spanish Colonial Revival styles. Many of his house designs used the Georgian Revival style, including the Thomas Gales House (now the Embassy of Myanmar) at 2300 S Street NW, and the J. Philip Herrmann House (now the Embassy of Syria) at 2215 Wyoming Avenue NW. One of his house designs, built in 1900 for *The Washington Post* editor Beriah Wilkins, was a 35-room French Colonial mansion at 1711 Massachusetts Avenue NW (demolished) that was one of the largest residences in the city at the time of its construction.

Clark's residential designs were not limited to houses. He designed 27 apartment buildings in Washington, D.C., including The Presidential at 1026 16th Street NW, The Rockingham at 1317 Rhode Island Ave NW and The Roosevelt at 2101 16th Street NW. Clark also specialized in designing commercial and public properties, including fifteen banks and five schools. The only known federal property designed by Clark is the U.S. Civil Service Commission Building.

Clark was active with several professional and business organizations. He was "very active in civic affairs and viewed architecture as a vehicle for civic betterment." He was a member of the Washington Board of Trade and American Institute of Architects (AIA), serving as president of the AIA's local chapter. He also served on the board of directors of the Equitable Life Insurance Company, the Terminal Refrigerating and Warehousing Company, the Washington Hotel Company and the Washington Sanitary Housing Company. Clark was also an author, contributing an essay titled "History of Architecture in Washington" for volume II of John Clagett Proctor's *Washington: Past and Present*, and writing *Institutional Homes for Children*, a book advocating for improved residential facilities for orphans. A strong advocate for these improved facilities, he designed three children's homes in the Washington area.

## Later years and legacy

Clark retired around 1945 and maintained two homes, one at 1717 Lanier Place NW in Lanier Heights, and a winter home in St. Petersburg, Florida. He was hospitalized in 1955 for a broken hip while in St. Petersburg and died on March 25. In his obituary, *The Washington Post* referred to him as the "Dean of Architects." He left an estate of approximately $700,000 to his family members. Clark is now considered one of "Washington's most influential architects" and one of the "most prominent and prolific early twentieth century architects."

Several of Clark's designs, including buildings he designed expansions or alterations, are now listed on the NRHP, including: 1644-1666 Park Road NW, 1833 Park Road NW, the Christian Heurich Mansion, Engine Company 21, the Denrike Building, the John Mercer Langston School, the National Saving And Trust Company, Riggs National Bank, Second Baptist Church, Second National Bank and the U.S. Civil Service Commission Building. Many of his buildings are also designated contributing properties to historic districts throughout the city. In addition, his buildings listed on the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites include the Homer Building, Owl's Nest, Saint Phillips Baptist Church, and the Victor Building.

## Selected works

## Bibliography

* *Institutional Homes for Children*, W. Helburn, Incorporated, New York, 1945, OCLC 1157353

Media related to Appleton P. Clark Jr. at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Appleton P. Clark Jr. | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | November 13, 1865
Washington, D.C. |
| Died | March 25, 1955
St. Petersburg, Florida |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Architect |


title: 1986 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

abstract: The 1986 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season was the franchise's 11th season in the National Football League playing their home games at Tampa Stadium and their second under head coach Leeman Bennett. The team matched their 2–14 season from 1985, for one of the worst seasons in franchise history, and according to statistics site Football Outsiders, the sixth-worst team in the NFL since 1950. There is some sentiment that the 1986 team was even worse than the winless team of 1976, and the 473 points conceded was not beaten by any NFL team until the 2001 Indianapolis Colts gave up 486. The Buccaneers selected Bo Jackson with the top pick in the draft, but were unable to convince him to join the team. Three weeks after the draft, Jackson signed a three-year baseball contract with the Kansas City Royals. Despite holding four of the first forty selections in the draft, and the presence of a great influx of fresh talent from defunct USFL teams, the Buccaneers were unable to find any impact players in either the draft or free agency. They entered the season with a roster nearly identical to the previous season's 2–14 team. Coach Leeman Bennett treated the season as a building season, but was disappointed with the team's mental errors and lack of progress. Later in the season, he would begin to privately admit that the Buccaneers' talent was much worse than he had realized. Steve DeBerg won the starting quarterback job after outplaying Steve Young in the preseason, but was benched in favor of Young after struggling in the first two games. Kevin House and Jimmie Giles were released after an October loss to the New Orleans Saints, along with ex-Dallas Cowboys fullback Ron Springs. Bennett showed up at a press conference held after the season by owner Hugh Culverhouse, unaware that the purpose of the press conference was to announce Bennett's firing. Giles, then with the Detroit Lions, criticized the move, saying that no coach could compensate for the Buccaneers' lack of talent. He also claimed that administrator Phil Krueger destroyed team chemistry by demeaning players during contract negotiations, pointing to guard Sean Farrell's disgruntlement as an example.

text:
# 1986 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season

The **1986 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season** was the franchise's 11th season in the National Football League playing their home games at Tampa Stadium and their second under head coach Leeman Bennett. The team matched their 2–14 season from 1985, for one of the worst seasons in franchise history, and according to statistics site *Football Outsiders*, the sixth-worst team in the NFL since 1950. There is some sentiment that the 1986 team was even worse than the winless team of 1976, and the 473 points conceded was not beaten by any NFL team until the 2001 Indianapolis Colts gave up 486. The Buccaneers selected Bo Jackson with the top pick in the draft, but were unable to convince him to join the team. Three weeks after the draft, Jackson signed a three-year baseball contract with the Kansas City Royals. Despite holding four of the first forty selections in the draft, and the presence of a great influx of fresh talent from defunct USFL teams, the Buccaneers were unable to find any impact players in either the draft or free agency. They entered the season with a roster nearly identical to the previous season's 2–14 team.

Coach Leeman Bennett treated the season as a building season, but was disappointed with the team's mental errors and lack of progress. Later in the season, he would begin to privately admit that the Buccaneers' talent was much worse than he had realized. Steve DeBerg won the starting quarterback job after outplaying Steve Young in the preseason, but was benched in favor of Young after struggling in the first two games. Kevin House and Jimmie Giles were released after an October loss to the New Orleans Saints, along with ex-Dallas Cowboys fullback Ron Springs. Bennett showed up at a press conference held after the season by owner Hugh Culverhouse, unaware that the purpose of the press conference was to announce Bennett's firing. Giles, then with the Detroit Lions, criticized the move, saying that no coach could compensate for the Buccaneers' lack of talent. He also claimed that administrator Phil Krueger destroyed team chemistry by demeaning players during contract negotiations, pointing to guard Sean Farrell's disgruntlement as an example.

## Offseason

Defensive end Lee Roy Selmon retired a week before the draft. He missed the entire 1985 season due to a herniated disk, and chose to retire rather than undergo surgery. Although his retirement was expected, the Buccaneers did not seek a replacement in the draft. With Mark Cotney and Steve Wilson having retired earlier in the year, Selmon was the last original Buccaneer on the roster.

### NFL draft

| Pick | Round | Player | Position | College |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | Bo Jackson | Running back | Auburn |
| 25 | 1 | Roderick Jones | Cornerback | Southern Methodist |
| 28 | 2 | Jackie Walker | Linebacker | Jackson State |
| 40 | 2 | Kevin Murphy | Linebacker | Oklahoma |
| 83 | 4 | Craig Swoope | Cornerback | Illinois |
| 112 | 5 | J.D. Maarleveld | Offensive tackle | Maryland |
| 165 | 6 | Kevin Walker | Cornerback | East Carolina |
| 223 | 9 | Tommy Barnhardt | Punter | North Carolina |
| 250 | 10 | Benton Reed | Defensive end | Mississippi |
| 279 | 11 | Mark Drenth | Offensive tackle | Purdue |
| 306 | 12 | Clay Miller | Guard | Michigan |
|  | | | | |

|  | = Pro Bowler |  |  | = Hall of Famer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

The Buccaneers received additional picks in the first and second rounds from the Miami Dolphins in exchange for linebacker Hugh Green. Their extra sixth-round pick came from the New England Patriots in exchange for a fifth-round pick in the 1987 draft. The second pick in the 12th round came from the San Francisco 49ers in return for the rights to center Jim Leonard. The Buccaneers’ third-round pick was traded to the New Orleans Saints for safety David Greenwood. Their sixth-round pick was traded to the Denver Broncos in exchange for defensive end Brison Manor. Their seventh-round pick went to the Buffalo Bills in exchange for wide receiver Perry Tuttle. Their 8th-round pick went to the Rams for defensive back Ivory Sully.

#### The Bo Jackson draft fiasco

Auburn University running back Bo Jackson was selected with the Buccaneers’ first overall pick in the draft, but refused to sign with them. Jackson was angry with the Buccaneers after accepting a private jet ride to attend a team workout caused him to lose his eligibility to play baseball at Auburn. Although NCAA rules allow a professional athlete to compete collegiately in a different sport, stricter Southeastern Conference rules disqualify a professional athlete from competing in any college sports. Jackson accused the Buccaneers of sabotaging his college baseball career, although Phil Krueger insisted that the SEC had advised them that the flight was allowable, and that it was Jackson himself who had insisted on using a private flight. Jackson had been rated as the best running back prospect to come out of college since O. J. Simpson 17 years earlier. Jackson was said to have ridiculed Tampa Bay's offensive line, and shortly before the baseball draft to have told two teams that he had no intention of playing football. Most teams did not believe him, but the Kansas City Royals, although they were unsure enough that they waited until the fourth round of the Major League Baseball Draft to select him. Jackson vowed never to play football again and accepted an offer from the Royals worth much less than what the Buccaneers offered. The Buccaneers turned down several impressive trade offers for Jackson, including the San Francisco 49ers' offer of Ronnie Lott, Wendell Tyler, and first- and second-round draft picks. Jackson's statements about not playing football were contradictory, as he alternated between stating he didn't want to play at all and between saying he didn't want to play for a terrible team and organization like Tampa Bay. In his book, Jackson recalls a meeting with Al Davis where he said he liked Davis and told the Raider boss he would love to play for them, and that the Raiders made offers for the #1 pick to Tampa Bay that were spurned.

There was speculation that owner Hugh Culverhouse was torn between his promise to make Jackson the highest-paid rookie ever, and his status as a member of the NFL Finance Committee, which obligated him to set a reasonable fiscal precedent for the rest of the league. This resulted in an underwhelming contract offer and produced the perception that the Buccaneers were not serious about signing Jackson. Although the Buccaneers offered Jackson $7 million over the five years, half of it was in the form of incentives, annuities, and real estate. The actual salary averaged to over $700,000 per year, still more than twice his yearly salary from the Royals, who gave him a three-year, $1 million contract. Negotiator Phil Krueger said that officials from other NFL teams agreed that the Buccaneers had offered Jackson fair money; however, Jackson also recounted in his book that Culverhouse got angry when he turned out an initial offer and said the Bucs would cut their next offer by 50% if Jackson didn't accept the first contract by the following day. Jackson's Royals contract gave him the option of buying out his contract if he wanted to return to football. Jackson was eligible to be drafted again the next year if not signed by April 28, 1987, which turned out to be the case. Culverhouse announced the embarrassment at a news conference in which he quoted the "keep smiling, keep shining" lyrics of Dionne Warwick's then-current hit song "That's What Friends are For". Jackson became the fourth consecutive Heisman Trophy winner (after USFL players Herschel Walker, Mike Rozier, and Doug Flutie) to spurn the NFL, although he was the first since Pete Dawkins in 1958 to leave football entirely. It was the first time since 1979, when Tom Cousineau signed with the Canadian Football League instead of the Buffalo Bills, that the first overall pick chose not to play in the NFL.

#### Other draft selections

Rod Jones was known as a hard hitter and a world-class track star, but was a controversial selection because, coming from the run-heavy Southwest Conference, his pass-coverage skills were unknown. At 5'11", 165 lbs., he was considered undersized for the NFL. Jones was the first defensive back selected, but was rated no better than fifth-best by most scouting services. The Buccaneers were criticized for taking linebacker Jackie Walker with their third pick, when Kevin Murphy of the national champion Oklahoma Sooners was still available. The Buccaneers did eventually draft Murphy, who they were surprised to find still available with their 40th overall selection. Murphy was believed to have fallen due to rumors of a knee injury. The Buccaneers had rated both Walker and Murphy among the top 15 players in the draft. Craig Swoope was rated as the best safety in the draft, but fell to the fourth round because of a previous charge (and acquittal) of conspiracy to distribute cocaine. Swoope was eventually the only Buccaneer to achieve any kind of postseason honors in 1986, being selected to the Football Digest All-Rookie team. The team went for big offensive linemen in the later rounds. One of them was J.D. Maarleveld, the first cancer patient drafted by the NFL. Maarleveld was considered to have been a second-round talent, but fell all the way to the fifth round. Belief that Maarleveld was worth much more money than the average fifth-rounder caused his agent, Greg Marotta, to advise him to reject the Buccaneers' offer and sign with the USFL Baltimore Stars. Maarleveld was eventually able to reach agreement with the Buccaneers.

## Preseason

### Personnel moves

Bennett made efforts in the offseason to address the passing game, and to improve team speed. He held an extra "passing camp" before training camp for all offensive and defensive players involved in the passing game. Establishing the offense was complicated by the situation of not having enough reliable running backs to run a two-back offense. Finding enough speedy receivers to run a three-receiver set was also difficult, as was finding faster defensive backs who could play the man-to-man coverage that Bennett wanted to move to. Cutting safety David Greenwood and trading cornerback John Holt improved the speed of the secondary by opening up starting spots for rookies Jones and Swoope. Former Florida Gators cornerback Vito McKeever, a product of local Dunnellon High School who had played for the USFL Michigan Panthers under Buccaneer defensive coordinator Jim Stanley, was signed toward the end of preseason. The addition of McKeever, who took over Jeremiah Castille's starting spot, meant that three of the four secondary positions turned over from the previous year. The quest for speed in the secondary meant cutting safety and punt returner Mike Prior, who went on to become a mainstay on the Green Bay Packer playoff teams of the 1990s. In an attempt to upgrade the offensive line, five-time Pro Bowl tackle Marvin Powell was brought in. While there was speculation that the New York Jets let him go because he was President of the National Football League Players Association, the Jets were concerned over quarterback Ken O'Brien having been sacked an NFL-record 62 times the previous season, and selected two tackles in the draft. There was sentiment among some teams that, despite his Pro Bowl appearances, Powell was an overrated player who had never lived up to his reputation. Powell performed well for Tampa Bay, but was placed on injured reserve midseason after undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery. Undrafted free-agent running back Nathan Wonsley emerged in the preseason as a legitimate complement to James Wilder Sr. Tyrone Keys, a defensive end from a team loaded with pass-rushers, and David Williams, a receiver who had led the nation in catches during his junior year, were claimed off waivers from the defending world champion Chicago Bears.

## Regular season

Steve DeBerg won the starting quarterback job over Steve Young in the preseason, but lost it after throwing seven interceptions in the season opener against the San Francisco 49ers, and another two the next week against the Minnesota Vikings. Nose tackle Dave Logan summed up the team's condition after the 49ers game by saying, "the teams we play do not respect us". Players coming from winning teams to the Buccaneers, such as Marvin Powell and Tyrone Keys, found themselves shocked by the constant losing and discouraged by the team's easy acceptance of losses. Keys in particular thought that the Buccaneers were too used to losing, and not bothered by it. Young later criticized the team's will to win, saying that "if they could hide for four-quarters and just go home, they would be happy". Powell, one of the highest-paid offensive linemen in the league, was placed on injured reserve with a knee injury after only a few games. An embarrassing loss to the New Orleans Saints was followed by the release of Jimmie Giles and Kevin House, the top two receivers in Buccaneer history at the time, and former starting fullback Ron Springs. This upset several club veterans, and weakened an offense that already had to compensate for a defense that had allowed over 1,000 rushing yards in the previous four games. League perception was that the Buccaneers were replacing older veterans with younger players who were incapable of taking their places. Said an executive from another team of Giles' replacement, "Calvin Magee runs a 5.2 40...We wouldn't even bring him into camp". Rumors, denied by Culverhouse, began to circulate that secret meetings were being held to arrange replacing Bennett with Steve Spurrier. Nathan Wonsley, the rookie free-agent running back whose play was one of the few bright spots in the season, was lost to the team after suffering dislocated neck vertebrae during a week 10 loss to the Chicago Bears. After the abnormally large number of injuries suffered during the Bears game, the Buccaneers ended their pattern of suffering fourth-quarter collapses in close games, instead losing their last seven games by an average of over 21 points. With Jerry Bell, a tight end who played a "U-back" position that was crucial to Tampa Bay's running game, suffering a broken ankle in the same game, the Buccaneers were forced to re-sign Ron Springs just to have enough runners in their backfield. Culverhouse, saying that he had made the decision only minutes prior, fired Bennett at a press conference on Dec. 29. Bennett, who had spoken to Culverhouse earlier the same morning, was unaware that he was to be let go. Culverhouse met with Ray Perkins and offered him the Tampa Bay coaching job only hours after firing Bennett. The firing was criticized by some, who felt that no steps were being taken to address the front-office problems that were the real root of the Buccaneers' woes. This criticism was echoed by safety David Greenwood, by then with the Packers, who pointed out the team's cheapness by recounting a 1985 incident in which he wanted to keep a football as a game ball after catching it for an interception. Executive Phil Krueger demanded that Greenwood pay $35 for the football.

## 1986 roster

| Tampa Bay Buccaneers 1986 roster | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Quarterbacks** **Running backs**
**Wide receivers**
**Tight ends** |  | **Offensive linemen** **Defensive linemen** |  | **Linebackers** **Defensive backs**
**Special teams** |  | **Reserve lists** *rookies in italics*
**Starters in boldface** |
|

## Coaching staff

| Tampa Bay Buccaneers 1986 coaching staff | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Front office** **Head coaches**
**Offensive coaches** |  |  | **Defensive coaches**
**Special teams coaches** |

## Schedule

| ***Regular season*** | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Week | Date | Opponent | Result | Record | Game site | Attendance |
| 1 | September 7 | San Francisco 49ers | **L** 31–7 | 0–1 | Tampa Stadium | 50,780 |
| 2 | September 14 | **Minnesota Vikings** | **L** 23–10 | 0–2 | Tampa Stadium | 34,579 |
| 3 | September 21 | at **Detroit Lions** | **W** 24–20 | 1–2 | Pontiac Silverdome | 38,453 |
| 4 | September 28 | Atlanta Falcons | **L** 23–20(OT) | 1–3 | Tampa Stadium | 38,950 |
| 5 | October 5 | at Los Angeles Rams | **L** 26–20(OT) | 1–4 | Anaheim Coliseum | 50,585 |
| 6 | October 12 | St. Louis Cardinals | **L** 30–19 | 1–5 | Tampa Stadium | 33,307 |
| 7 | October 19 | at New Orleans Saints | **L** 38–7 | 1–6 | Louisiana Superdome | 43,355 |
| 8 | October 26 | at Kansas City Chiefs | **L** 27–20 | 1–7 | Arrowhead Stadium | 36,230 |
| 9 | November 2 | Buffalo Bills | **W** 34–28 | 2–7 | Tampa Stadium | 32,806 |
| 10 | November 9 | **Chicago Bears** | **L** 23–3 | 2–8 | Tampa Stadium | 70,097 |
| 11 | November 16 | at **Green Bay Packers** | **L** 31–7 | 2–9 | Lambeau Field | 48,271 |
| 12 | November 23 | **Detroit Lions** | **L** 38–17 | 2–10 | Tampa Stadium | 30,029 |
| 13 | November 30 | at **Minnesota Vikings** | **L** 45–13 | 2–11 | Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome | 56,235 |
| 14 | December 7 | at **Chicago Bears** | **L** 48–14 | 2–12 | Soldier Field | 52,746 |
| 15 | December 14 | **Green Bay Packers** | **L** 21–7 | 2–13 | Tampa Stadium | 30,099 |
| 16 | December 21 | at St. Louis Cardinals | **L** 21–17 | 2–14 | Busch Memorial Stadium | 23,957 |
| **Note**: Division opponents in **bold** text. | | | | | | |

### Game summaries

#### Week 1: vs San Francisco 49ers

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **49ers** | 14 | 0 | 3 | 14 | **31** |
| Buccaneers | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | **7** |

*at Tampa Stadium, Tampa, Florida*
San Francisco 49ers quarterback Joe Montana completed 32 of 46 passes for 356 yards before leaving the game with an injury in the fourth quarter. The injury, similar to the one that ended Lee Roy Selmon's career, would require season-ending surgery and threaten Montana's football future. Steve DeBerg's 31-yard touchdown pass to Gerald Carter in the third quarter brought the Buccaneers to within a touchdown, but they would not score again. The 49ers' seven interceptions of DeBerg were a team record, and one short of the NFL record. DeBerg placed blame for the loss on himself, but teammates defended him, pointing out that he was under constant pressure from the 49ers' pass rush. Opposing safety Ronnie Lott said that DeBerg was predictable as to where he would throw the ball when pressured. James Wilder rushed for 81 yards and caught five passes. Selmon's number 63 was retired in a halftime ceremony.

#### Week 2: vs Minnesota Vikings

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Vikings** | 10 | 7 | 0 | 6 | **23** |
| Buccaneers | 3 | 7 | 0 | 0 | **10** |

*at Tampa Stadium, Tampa, Florida*
Early in the first quarter, James Wilder tipped a pass from Steve DeBerg into the hands of Vikings linebacker Chris Doleman, who returned it for a touchdown. Wilder took a helmet to the sternum on this play, leaving a deep bruise that caused him to miss the next two games, and reduced his effectiveness for the remainder of the season. Seventeen seconds later, Scott Studwell recovered a Wilder fumble at the Tampa Bay 18-yard line, leading to a Viking field goal. The Buccaneers added a Donald Igwebuike field goal before the end of the quarter, but the Vikings answered it with a touchdown pass from Tommy Kramer to Mike Mularkey. DeBerg's 1-yard touchdown pass to Jimmie Giles brought the Buccaneers to within a touchdown before halftime, but they were unable to score in the second half. The Buccaneers outperformed the Vikings in a number of statistical categories, but could not overcome the turnovers.

#### Week 3: at Detroit Lions

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Buccaneers** | 0 | 14 | 10 | 0 | **24** |
| Lions | 0 | 3 | 3 | 14 | **20** |

*at Pontiac Silverdome, Pontiac, Michigan*
With running back James Wilder nursing a bruised sternum, Nathan Wonsley rushed for 138 yards and two touchdowns. Wonsley became the first Buccaneer running back, other than Wilder, to rush for 100 yards since Nov. 29, 1981. He was the first Tampa Bay rookie to rush for 100 yards since Jerry Eckwood in 1979. Wonsley followed in the footsteps of his two older brothers, George and Otis, both backup NFL running backs who came off the bench to have breakout games while leading their respective teams to victory against the Lions. Constant Buccaneer blitzes resulted in four sacks, two interceptions, and six forced fumbles. Although Lions quarterback Eric Hipple had a good statistical day, completing 31 passes for 318 yards, the Tampa Bay defense's pressure prevented him from converting his opportunities into points. The win broke Tampa Bay's 19-game road losing streak.

#### Week 4: vs Atlanta Falcons

*at Tampa Stadium, Tampa, Florida*

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | OT | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Falcons** | 7 | 0 | 7 | 6 | 3 | **23** |
| Buccaneers | 3 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **20** |

The Atlanta Falcons overcame a 20–7 halftime deficit to defeat the Buccaneers in overtime on a Mick Luckhurst field goal. The strategy of running out the clock with a conservative offense that had worked so well against the Lions the previous week backfired against the Falcons. The Buccaneers' offensive line failed to dominate, and the Falcons wound up running 57 offensive plays in the second half, while the Buccaneers ran only 26. Twenty of those plays were runs by Gerald Riggs, who finished the day with 127 yards rushing. The Buccaneers outgained the Falcons 255 yards to 190 in the first half, but were outgained 300 yards to 68 in the second half, in which the Buccaneers never advanced beyond midfield. The win left Atlanta undefeated at 4–0.

#### Week 5: at Los Angeles Rams

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | OT | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Buccaneers | 0 | 10 | 7 | 3 | 0 | **20** |
| **Rams** | 14 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 6 | **26** |

*at Anaheim Coliseum, Anaheim, California*
Eric Dickerson earned his fourth career 200-yard rushing game with a 42-yard touchdown run to win the game in overtime for the Los Angeles Rams. Steve Young led an 80-yard drive in the fourth quarter that ended in a Donald Igwebuike field goal and sent the game into overtime, but the Buccaneers were unable to stop Dickerson all day. It was the second consecutive overtime loss for the Buccaneers. Nathan Wonsley rushed 18 times for 108 yards and a 59-yard touchdown run. Young also ran for a touchdown. Bennett was again criticized after the game for conservative play-calling, although the Buccaneers' total of 174 rushing yards was more than double the average the Rams had allowed in their previous four games. The game left Wonsley as the NFL leader in rushing average, with 5.7 yards per carry. Dickerson continued to lead the NFL in rushing with 657 yards, 159 ahead of his record-setting pace from 1984.

#### Week 6: vs St. Louis Cardinals

*at Tampa Stadium, Tampa, Florida*

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Cardinals** | 0 | 9 | 7 | 14 | **30** |
| Buccaneers | 7 | 0 | 0 | 12 | **19** |

The Buccaneers were once again criticized for poor tackling and conservative play-calling following a loss to a previously winless St. Louis Cardinals team. This time, complaints came from the players as the Cardinals seemed to know in advance which plays the Buccaneers would be running, and the Buccaneers waited until too late in the game to make adjustments. The Buccaneers led early, after Steve DeBerg's touchdown pass to Calvin Magee on a fake field goal. Steve Young's rushing and passing combined for 304 of the Buccaneers' 347 yards. The Cardinals unexpectedly used a soft zone defense instead of their usual blitzing, which contributed to Tampa Bay's decision to avoid the passing game until the fourth quarter. The Cardinals put the game away with Stump Mitchell's 31-yard fourth-quarter touchdown run, in which three Buccaneers missed tackles. Ron Holmes, Jeremiah Castille, Marvin Powell, and Gerald Carter all missed the game with injuries.

#### Week 7: at New Orleans Saints

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Buccaneers | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | **7** |
| **Saints** | 10 | 7 | 7 | 14 | **38** |

*at Louisiana Superdome, New Orleans*
Reuben Mayes rushed for 147 yards, the second-most in New Orleans Saints history, as the Saints equalled their highest-ever margin of victory. The Saints scored on their first three possessions. The Buccaneers did not score until the fourth quarter, when Steve DeBerg ran for a 1-yard touchdown. Steve Young left the stadium on crutches, and starting defensive end Ron Holmes left the game after trying to play the first quarter with a broken fibula. Mayes was selected with a third-round draft pick that had been obtained from the Buccaneers in exchange for safety David Greenwood, who the Buccaneers had already waived.

#### Week 8: at Kansas City Chiefs

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Buccaneers | 3 | 10 | 0 | 7 | **20** |
| **Chiefs** | 7 | 3 | 10 | 7 | **27** |

*at Arrowhead Stadium, Kansas City, Missouri*
Veteran quarterback Bill Kenney, making the start for the Kansas City Chiefs in place of the struggling Todd Blackledge, completed 15 of 29 passes for 230 yards and a touchdown. The Chiefs' offensive line protected Kenney well, allowing only one sack and few hurries. Although the Buccaneers led at halftime on a 10-yard pass from Steve Young to Calvin Magee and two Donald Igwebuike field goals, they were unable to hold the lead in the second half. They tied the game at 20 on a fourth-quarter touchdown run, James Wilder's first of the year, but immediately allowed the Chiefs to drive the length of the field for the winning touchdown. The sloppily played game included four fumbles, six sacks, two interceptions, and 17 penalties for 146 yards. Art Still contributed three of the Chiefs' five sacks.

#### Week 9: vs Buffalo Bills

*at Tampa Stadium, Tampa, Florida*

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bills | 0 | 0 | 14 | 14 | **28** |
| **Buccaneers** | 10 | 10 | 0 | 14 | **34** |

The Buccaneers took a 20–0 halftime lead over the Buffalo Bills after recovering fumbles on two kickoffs and held on for the victory, with a pass from Bills quarterback Jim Kelly falling incomplete in the end zone on the last play of the game. Steve Young completed 14 of 24 passes for 193 yards, and ran for two touchdowns. James Wilder also contributed a 45-yard touchdown run. The Bills only threw two passes in the first half but opened up the gameplan in the second, with Kelly completing 21 of 32 passes for 257 yards and three touchdowns in the last two quarters. The rally fell short, the Bills lost their 31st consecutive road game, and Buffalo coach Hank Bullough was fired and replaced by Marv Levy days later.

In the postgame news conference, Bucs coach Leeman Bennett declared the win to be "the start of a new season." However, it would be the last victory for Tampa Bay during his coaching tenure.

#### Week 10: vs Chicago Bears

*at Tampa Stadium, Tampa, Florida*

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Bears** | 14 | 3 | 0 | 6 | **23** |
| Buccaneers | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **3** |

Doug Flutie made his NFL debut in the fourth quarter for the Chicago Bears. The Bears took an early 14–0 lead after Mike Tomczak's 37-yard touchdown pass to Willie Gault. The play occurred after Ervin Randle's recovery of a Calvin Thomas fumble was nullified due to an offsides penalty on Craig Swoope. While the Buccaneers' defense improved later in the game, it was not enough to overcome the problems of the injury-battered offense. Nathan Wonsley suffered a broken neck while making a tackle on the opening kickoff. This was followed by injuries to Jerry Bell, Phil Freeman, Craig Swoope, and Willie Gillespie. Calvin Magee played with a prior injury, as did James Wilder and Leonard Harris, though both were forced to leave the game. With Gerald Carter left as the only experienced receiver, the Bears keyed on him, and with Bell, Wonsley and Wilder out, the Buccaneers could not run.

#### Week 11: at Green Bay Packers

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Buccaneers | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | **7** |
| **Packers** | 14 | 7 | 10 | 0 | **31** |

*at Lambeau Field, Green Bay, Wisconsin*
With James Wilder leaving the game after aggravating his rib injury, the Buccaneers were unable to take advantage of Green Bay Packers quarterback Randy Wright's three interceptions. Wright completed 18 of 29 passes for 238 yards, with a career-best three first-half touchdowns. The win was only the Packers' second of the season. The loss left the Buccaneers' defense in last place in the league, despite their having spent four of their first five draft picks on defensive players.

#### Week 12: vs Detroit Lions

*at Tampa Stadium, Tampa, Florida*

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Lions** | 7 | 7 | 14 | 10 | **38** |
| Buccaneers | 3 | 0 | 7 | 7 | **17** |

Three first-half possessions deep in Detroit Lions territory led to zero Buccaneer points en route to another blowout loss. Lions receiver Jeff Chadwick took a 73-yard reception to the Buccaneers' 1-yard line when Rod Jones fell down while covering him. Jones also got beaten by Leonard Thompson on a jump ball in the end zone. Vito McKeever was outrun by Chadwick on the Lions' third score. James Wilder had 130 yards rushing and 71 yards receiving for the Buccaneers.

#### Week 13: at Minnesota Vikings

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Buccaneers | 0 | 6 | 0 | 7 | **13** |
| **Vikings** | 7 | 7 | 7 | 24 | **45** |

*at Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, Minneapolis*
With Tommy Kramer injured, Vikings quarterback Wade Wilson threw for a career-best 339 yards and three touchdowns. With Tampa Bay down by 45–6, Steve DeBerg's 45-yard pass to Calvin Magee set up a 1-yard touchdown pass to Ron Heller on a tackle-eligible play. The Buccaneers' only other offense came on two Donald Igwebuike field goals.

#### Week 14: at Chicago Bears

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Buccaneers | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | **14** |
| **Bears** | 7 | 21 | 14 | 6 | **48** |

*at Soldier Field, Chicago*
The Buccaneers almost exceeded their worst-ever loss, a 42–0 loss to the Pittsburgh Steelers, on its 10th anniversary. They were shut out until the fourth quarter, and only scored when Chicago Bears safety Todd Bell intercepted a Steve Young pass and lateraled it to Mike Richardson, who attempted to lateral it to Shaun Gayle, only to have Tampa Bay receiver Vince Heflin intercept the lateral and run it in for a score. Mike Tomczak ran for the Bears' first score. Later, a Walter Payton touchdown was called back on a holding penalty. The Buccaneers stopped the Bears on fourth-and-1, but an offside penalty on Craig Swoope gave the Bears another chance. Tomczak fumbled, however, causing him to be benched in favor of Doug Flutie. Flutie scored two touchdowns, one passing and one running, before Tomczak returned in the second half. Tampa Bay scored a second time on Young's 14-yard pass to Calvin Magee, but Lew Barnes returned the ensuing kickoff for a touchdown. Magee's 143 receiving yards remain (as of 2009) the Buccaneers' single-game record for a tight end.

#### Week 15: vs Green Bay Packers

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Packers** | 0 | 7 | 7 | 7 | **21** |
| Buccaneers | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | **7** |

*at Tampa Stadium, Tampa, Florida*
The Green Bay Packers had seven different players each contribute a sack, and Randy Wright's 190 yards passing made him the second player in Packers history to throw for 3,000 yards in a season. The crowd cheered the news that an Indianapolis Colts win moved the Buccaneers into first place for the rights to the first overall draft pick, and pelted Buccaneer players with lemons. Ron Holmes's sack of Wright was the Buccaneers' first since October 12, and Ivory Sully recorded the first blocked punt in Buccaneers regular-season history. Both teams went to their second-string quarterbacks in the second half, but Steve Young returned to the game after Steve DeBerg suffered a concussion, and Wright was reinserted after the Buccaneers threatened to start a comeback.

#### Week 16: at St. Louis Cardinals

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Buccaneers | 7 | 0 | 10 | 0 | **17** |
| **Cardinals** | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | **21** |

*at Busch Stadium, St. Louis, Missouri*
St. Louis Cardinals Pro Bowl rookie Vai Sikahema tied an NFL record by returning two punts for touchdowns as the Buccaneers clinched the NFL's worst record for the second consecutive year. Frank Garcia, playing with a back injury, had a third punt blocked for a net gain of 1 yard. The Buccaneers scored first, on a 1-yard Bobby Howard run, but the Cardinals' 21 unanswered points gave them the lead for good before halftime. A 33-yard touchdown pass from Steve Young to Phil Freeman brought the Buccaneers to within 4 points in the third quarter. The game not only ended a futile season for the Buccaneers, but also concluded the Cardinals’ worst season since moving to St. Louis 27 years earlier.

### Standings

| NFC Central | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | W | L | T | PCT | DIV | CONF | PF | PA | STK |
| Chicago Bears(2) | 14 | 2 | 0 | .875 | 7–1 | 10–2 | 352 | 187 | W7 |
| Minnesota Vikings | 9 | 7 | 0 | .563 | 6–2 | 8–4 | 398 | 273 | W1 |
| Detroit Lions | 5 | 11 | 0 | .313 | 3–5 | 4–8 | 277 | 326 | L4 |
| Green Bay Packers | 4 | 12 | 0 | .250 | 3–5 | 3–9 | 254 | 418 | L1 |
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | 2 | 14 | 0 | .125 | 1–7 | 1–13 | 239 | 473 | L7 |

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55. Zier, Patrick. "Powell finds it hard to get used to losing". *The Lakeland Ledger*. 15 September 1986
56. Zier, Patrick. "Wonsley curse hits Lions again". Lakeland Ledger. 22 September 1986
57. Zier, Patrick. "Blitzes pay off for Tampa Bay". Lakeland Ledger. 22 September 1986
58. Jones, Tom. "Bucs play it safe, and it backfires". *St. Petersburg Evening Independent*.
59. Steele, David. "Horrible half dooms Bucs in overtime loss". *St. Petersburg Evening Independent*. 26 September 1986
60. Peters, Ken. "Dickerson sends Bucs home overtime losers". The Gainesville Sun. 6 October 1986
61. Associated Press. "Bennett Has Buccaneers Playing Close to the Collar". *Ocala Star-Banner*. 7 October 1986
62. Peters, Ken. "Dickerson back on track after disappointing 1985". The Fredericksburg Free-Lance Star. 7 October 1986
63. Proctor, Darrell. "Bucs' defense treats Cards like fine china". *St. Petersburg Times*. 13 October 1986
64. Zucco, Tom. "The point is, Bucs must win when they have chance". *St. Petersburg Times*. 13 October 1986
65. Johnson, Mark. "Bucs start off on right track, then stumble 30–19". *St. Petersburg Times*. 13 October 1986
66. Zucco, Tom. "Bennett has the look of a beaten man after another tough defeat". *St. Petersburg Times*. 14 October 1986
67. Zier, Patrick. "Bucs get plastered by Saints". *The Lakeland Ledger*. 20 October 1986
68. Associated Press. "Kenney Enjoys Fine Day Against Bucs' Secondary". The *Ocala Star-Banner*. 27 October 1986
69. Goodall, Fred. "Tampa Bay Bucs Start 'New' Season With a Win". The Gainesville Sun. 3 November 1986
70. Associated Press. "Bills fire Bullough, hire Levy". The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 4 November 1986
71. Scanlon, Dick. "Chicago turned lights out early on ailing Tampa Bay". *The Lakeland Ledger*. 10 November 1986
72. Zier, Patrick. "Buccaneer injuries kill hopes of upset". *The Lakeland Ledger*. 10 November 1986
73. Mayers, Jeff. "Pack happy for win, even over the Bucs". The Gainesville Sun. 17 November 1986
74. Associated Press. "Bennett Has Faith in Bucs' Defense". Ocala Star- Banner. 18 November 1986
75. Zier, Patrick. "Detroit Crushes Bucs, 38–17". *The Lakeland Ledger*. 24 November 1986
76. Zier, Patrick. "Vintage Wilder still not enough for Bucs". *The Lakeland Ledger*. 24 November 1986
77. Zier, Patrick. "Vikes' blizzard buries Bucs". *The Lakeland Ledger*. 1 December 1986
78. Zier, Patrick. "Heller shows he can catch the ball too". *The Lakeland Ledger*. 1 December 1986
79. Associated Press. "Wilson, Vikes Sparkle Against Bucs". The *Ocala Star-Banner*. 1 December 1986
80. Luttermoser, John. "Bears trounce hapless Bucs again, 48–14". *St. Petersburg Times*. 8 December 1986
81. Zier, Patrick. "Tampa Bay gets touchdown on craziest play of season". *The Lakeland Ledger*. 8 December 1986
82. Zier, Patrick. "Bears maul Bucs, 48–14". *The Lakeland Ledger*. 8 December 1986
83. The Tampa Bay Buccaneers Public Relations Department. *2009 Tampa Bay Buccaneers Media Guide*
84. Wire reports. "Tampa moves on top: Vinny Stakes lead to Bucs". The Boca Raton News. 15 December 1986
85. Zier, Patrick. "Bucs lose another one, 21–7". *The Lakeland Ledger*. 15 December 1986
86. Greene, Jerry. "Returns sink Bucs to top". *Orlando Sentinel*. 22 December 1986
87. Associated Press. "Bad Hand of Cards for Bucs". *Ocala Star-Banner*. 22 December 1986

## InfoBox

| 1986 Tampa Bay Buccaneers season | |
| --- | --- |
| Owner | Hugh Culverhouse |
| Head coach | Leeman Bennett |
| Home field | Tampa Stadium |
| Results | |
| Record | 2–14 |
| Division place | 5th NFC Central |
| Playoff finish | *Did not qualify* |
| Pro Bowlers | *None* |
| Team MVP | QB Steve Young |
|


title: Apfeldorf

abstract: Apfeldorf is a municipality in the district of Landsberg in Bavaria in Germany.

text:
# Apfeldorf

**Apfeldorf** is a municipality in the district of Landsberg in Bavaria in Germany.

## Geography

Apfeldorf lies in the middle of the towns of Landsberg am Lech, Schongau and Weilheim, about 40 km north of the northern edge of the Alps, at an altitude of about 660 m ASL. The river Lech flows through the village. Apfeldorf is situated in the Northern Alpine Foreland.

## Landmarks

The Church of the Holy Spirit has a Romanesque west tower saddle roof.

## InfoBox

| Apfeldorf | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Apfeldorf | |
|  | |
| Location of Apfeldorf within Landsberg am Lech district | |
| Apfeldorf Apfeldorf | |
| Coordinates: 47°54′N 10°56′E / 47.900°N 10.933°E / 47.900; 10.933 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Bavaria |
| Admin. region | Oberbayern |
| District | Landsberg am Lech |
| Municipal assoc. | Reichling |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202026) | Gerhard Schmid |
| Area | |
| Total | 12.31 km2 (4.75 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 710 m (2,330 ft) |
| Population (2023-12-31) | |
| Total | 1,254 |
| Density | 100/km2 (260/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 86974 |
| Dialling codes | 08869 |
| Vehicle registration | LL |
| Website | www.apfeldorf.de |


title: Aphrodite (Wink album)

abstract: Aphrodite is the tenth studio album by Japanese idol duo Wink, produced by Keiichi Suzuki and released by Polystar on June 25, 1993. It features the singles "Eien no Ladydoll" and "Kekkon Shiyoune". In contrast to the duo's previous albums, Aphrodite contains only one cover song. The album peaked at No. 33 on Oricon's albums chart and sold over 21,000 copies.

text:
# Aphrodite (Wink album)

***Aphrodite*** (アプロデーテ, *Apurodēte*) (stylized as ***Αφροδιτη***) is the tenth studio album by Japanese idol duo Wink, produced by Keiichi Suzuki and released by Polystar on June 25, 1993. It features the singles "Eien no Ladydoll (Voyage, Voyage)" (a cover of Desireless' "Voyage, voyage") and "Kekkon Shiyoune". In contrast to the duo's previous albums, *Aphrodite* contains only one cover song.

The album peaked at No. 33 on Oricon's albums chart and sold over 21,000 copies.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Arrangement | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Kekkon Shiyoune" ((結婚しようね, "Let's Get Married")) | Chinfa Kan | Satoshi Kadokura | Kadokura | 4:14 |
| 2. | "Natsu ni Aenakute" ((夏に会えなくて, "We Can't Meet in the Summer")) | Rui Serizawa | Kanji Ishikawa | Ryōmei Shirai | 4:49 |
| 3. | "Fishselfish" | Wakako Kaku | Yasuhiro Kido | Shirai | 4:00 |
| 4. | "Save My Life" | Serizawa | Shōko Suzuki | Shirai | 3:54 |
| 5. | "Watashi Mitai ni Iikagen na Kareshi" ((私みたいにいいかげんな彼氏, "A Sloppy Boyfriend Like Me")) | Kan | Osny S. Melo | Melo | 4:24 |
| 6. | "Tsuki to Taiyō" ((月と太陽, "Moon and Sun")) | Arika Takarano | Tetsurō Kashibuchi | Kashibuchi | 4:16 |
| 7. | "Eien no Ladydoll (Voyage, Voyage)" (*Eien no redīdōru ~Voyage, Voyage~* (永遠のレディードール 〜Voyage Voyage〜, "Eternal Ladydoll ~Voyage, Voyage")) | Neko Oikawa | * Jean-Michel Rivat * Dominique Dubois | Motoki Funayama | 4:58 |
| 8. | "Maboroshi ga Sakenderu" ((幻が叫んでる, "The Illusion Is Screaming")) | Oikawa | Tomofumi Suzuki | Tsukasa Ebisu | 4:26 |
| 9. | "I Wanna Leave You" | Sachiko Suzuki (as Miyoko A.) | Kadokura | Kadokura | 4:55 |
| 10. | "Oshiete" ((おしえて, "Tell Me")) | Shoko Aida | Aida | Kadokura | 5:41 |
| Total length: | | | | | 45:37 |

2018 bonus track
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Arrangement | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 11. | "Alone Again" | Serizawa | * Jamey Jaz * Ren Toppano * Viqui Denman | Kadokura | 4:38 |

## Charts

| Chart (1993) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Japanese Albums (Oricon) | 33 |

1. "Wink(ういんく)ディスコグラフィ". *Idol.ne.jp*. 21 December 2018. Retrieved 2021-07-24.
2. "Αφροδιτη アプロデーテ | WINK ウインク". Billboard Japan. Retrieved 2021-07-24.
3. "Αφροδιτη(アプロデーテ) | WINK". Oricon. Retrieved 2021-07-24.
4. "Wink". *Yamachan Land* (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2011-08-14. Retrieved 2021-07-24.

## InfoBox

| Aphrodite | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Wink | |
| Released | June 25, 1993 (1993-06-25) |
| Recorded | 1992–1993 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 45:37 |
| Language | Japanese |
| Label | Polystar |
| Producer | Keiichi Suzuki |
| Wink chronology | |
| *Raisonné*
(1992) ***Aphrodite***
(1993) *Brunch*
(1993) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Aphrodite* | |
| 1. "Eien no Ladydoll (Voyage, Voyage)"
Released: February 17, 1993 (1993-02-17) 2. "Kekkon Shiyoune"
Released: May 26, 1993 (1993-05-26) | |
|  | |


title: Doc Adkins

abstract: Merle Theron Adkins was a pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Boston Americans (1902) and New York Highlanders (1903). Adkins batted and threw right-handed.

text:
# Doc Adkins

**Merle Theron Adkins** (August 5, 1872 – February 21, 1934) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Boston Americans (1902) and New York Highlanders (1903). Adkins batted and threw right-handed.

## Early life

Adkins was born in Troy, Wisconsin, and he attended Beloit College.

## Major league career

Adkins made his debut with the Boston Americans on June 24, 1902, during a 6–7 loss to the Washington Senators. He made four appearances (two starts) with Boston, posting a 1–1 record with an earned run average of 4.05, walking seven and striking out three in 20 innings pitched.

Adkins spent the 1903 season with the New York Highlanders, pitching in two games, one of which was a start. In seven innings of work, he let up eight runs, six of which were earned, on 10 hits and five walks with a 7.71 ERA. His final major League appearance came September 29, 1903 – the last day of the season – in a 10–4 win over the Detroit Tigers.

## Minor leagues

After his stint with the Highlanders, Adkins spent eight seasons with the Baltimore Orioles, winning 132 games in that time. He retired after one season with the Scranton Miners in 1914. Around the same time, he also coached baseball at Trinity College in Connecticut.

## Retirement

Adkins attended medical school during his playing career, and he spent his later life as a physician in Durham, North Carolina. He was also active as a youth baseball umpire, Rotarian, Shriner, and church deacon. Adkins also scouted players, notably discovering Ernie Shore and calling him to the attention of Jack Dunn, then the owner of the Baltimore Orioles.

Adkins died in Durham, aged 63. He is buried at Maplewood Cemetery.

## InfoBox

| Doc Adkins | |
| --- | --- |
| Doc Adkins baseball card | |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:** (1872-08-05)August 5, 1872
Troy, Wisconsin | |
| **Died:** February 21, 1934(1934-02-21) (aged 61)
Durham, North Carolina | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| June 24, 1902, for the Boston Americans | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| September 29, 1903, for the New York Highlanders | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Win–loss record | 1–1 |
| Earned run average | 5.00 |
| Strikeouts | 3 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: E Bukura e Dheut

abstract: E Bukura e Dheut is an epithet in Albanian mythology and folklore, used in some traditions for a crafty fairy, and in other traditions for a chthonic/earth goddess, the counterpart of e Bukura e Detit and i Bukuri i Qiellit. As a goddess of the underworld and at the same time a personification of springtime, the Beauty of the Earth is evidently an epithet of the Albanian equivalent of the Ancient Greek Persephone, which is considered to be Prende, the Albanian dawn goddess, goddess of love, beauty, fertility, health, and protector of women, also referred to as Zoja e Bukuris "Goddess/Lady of Beauty". In central Albanian folklore E Bukura e Dheut appears as the sister of e Bukura e Detit and the consort of Baba Tomor. The quest for the e Bukura e Dheut is a very popular and frequent motif in Albanian folktales: the princely hero must search for or rescue the Earthly Beauty, even going into her mystical underworld palace.

text:
# E Bukura e Dheut

**E Bukura e Dheut** (the "Beauty of the Earth" or "Earthly Beauty") is an epithet in Albanian mythology and folklore, used in some traditions for a crafty fairy, and in other traditions for a chthonic/earth goddess, the counterpart of e Bukura e Detit (the Beauty of the Sea) and i Bukuri i Qiellit (the Beauty of the Sky). As a goddess of the underworld and at the same time a personification of springtime, the Beauty of the Earth is evidently an epithet of the Albanian equivalent of the Ancient Greek Persephone, which is considered to be Prende, the Albanian dawn goddess, goddess of love, beauty, fertility, health, and protector of women, also referred to as *Zoja e Bukuris* "Goddess/Lady of Beauty".

In central Albanian folklore E Bukura e Dheut appears as the sister of e Bukura e Detit and the consort of Baba Tomor.

The quest for the *e Bukura e Dheut* is a very popular and frequent motif in Albanian folktales: the princely hero must search for or rescue the Earthly Beauty, even going into her mystical underworld palace.

## Role

E Bukura e Dheut is beauty itself, golden-haired, but may also appear in the form of an *arap* with black skin. She may be a good spirit or (more often) evil, with magical powers the derive from her dress, and lives in the underworld, where her palace is guarded by a three-headed dog, a kuçedra and all sorts of other weird and wonderful creatures. She is sometimes described as always ready to help, and so powerful that she can undertake tasks that would normally be the province of God or of an angel.

In some traditions e Bukura e Dheut is a chthonic goddess of the underworld or earth goddess, The ancestors of the Albanians presumably had in common with the Ancient Greek theogony the tripartite division of the administration of the world into heaven, sea, and underworld, and in the same functions as the Greek deities Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades, they would have worshiped the deities referred to as the Beauty of the Sky (*i Bukuri i Qiellit*), the Beauty of the Sea (*e Bukura e Detit*), and the Beauty of the Earth (*e Bukura e Dheut*). The phrases "the Beauty of the Sea" and "the Beauty of the Earth" are kept to refer to figures of Albanian folk beliefs and fairy tales, "the Beauty of the Sky" continues to be used in Albanian to refer to the monotheistic God. In central Albanian folklore, e Bukura e Dheut is the wife of Baba Tomor.

## Appearances in folktales

Albanologist Robert Elsie and Janice Mathie-Heck stated that the character is very popular in Albanian myths and fairy tales. The quest for the *e Bukura e Dheut* is a very popular and frequent motif in Albanian folktales: the princely hero must search for or rescue the Earthly Beauty, even going into her mystical underworld palace.

English traveller Lucy Mary Jane Garnett noted the character is present in Albanian and Greek folktales as "Beauty of the Earth" or "\[Beauty of\] the World".

### In Albania

Her name is given as "Beautiful of the Earth" by Martin Camaj and she is present as a character in *Albanian Wonder Tales*, by George Post Wheeler: *The Boy who killed the Dîf*, *The Boy who took the Letter to the World where the Dead live*, *The Boy who was fated to be a King* and *The Boy who was Brother to the Drague*. This last tale is an English translation of the epic *The Twins*, the story of brothers Zjermi and Handa.

Her name is translated as "Belle of the Earth" in another variant of tale type ATU 707, identified as the "Albanian version" of the story, collected in Auguste Dozon's *Contes Albanais* (Paris, 1881) and published in *Variants and analogues of the tales in Vol. III of Sir R. F. Burton's Supplemental Arabian Nights (1887)*, by W. A. Clouston. Dozon himself had collected three tales with the character, named *La Belle de la Terre*: Tale II - *Les Soeurs Jaleuses* ("The Envious Sisters"), Tale V - *La Belle de la Terre* ("The Beauty of the World") and Tale XII - *La Loubie et la Belle de la Terre*.

Parisian professor André Mazon published a study on Balkan folklore, with four tales of The Beauty of the Earth, whose name he wrote down as *lepinata zemiâtuj* or *lepinata zemjëtuj*: *La Chevrette Merveilleuse*, *Belle de la Terre*, *Les Trois Soeurs* and *Le Fils de L'Ourse*.

French comparativist Emmanuel Cosquin, in his folklore analysis, cited her as *La Belle de la Terre* (the French translation of her name), in a tale collected by Holger Pedersen: a youth, son of a hunter, touches four pieces of flesh hanging from a tree; they reform into the Beauty of Earth, who explains she has been a captive of a "dark elf" for 10 years. Cosquin also quoted the tale where the Beauty of the Earth disguises herself in her "dark skin" and assumes another identity. The motif of the magical dress or garment also happens in a story where her suitor brings home to his mother the magical dress.

German albanologist Robert Elsie translated her name as "Earthly Beauty", in his book *Albanian Folktales and Legends*, and she appears in six tales of his compilation: *The Youth and the Maiden with Stars on their Foreheads and Crescents on their Breasts*, *The three friends and the Earthly Beauty*, *The Boy and the Earthly Beauty*, *The Scurfhead* (as a trio of Earthly Beauties living in an underground kingdom), *The Stirrup Moor* (as the true identity of the Moor and helper of the hero) and *The King's Daughter and the Skull* (as a fairy who disenchants the skull).

This character's name is translated as *Schöne der Erde* in German translations by linguist August Leskien, in his book of Balkan folktales: "*Die Lubi und die Schöne der Erde*", "*Die Schöne der Erde*", "*Die neidischen Schwestern*" (a variant of the ATU 707 tale type), and in "*Die Nachtigall Gisar*" (where she appears as the owner of the nightingale Gisar). She also appears in *Das Haar der Schönen der Erde* ("The Hair of the Beauty of the Earth"), in von Hahn's book of Albanian fairy tales, and in *Die drei Gesellen*, from author Gustav Meyer. Lucy Mary Jane Garnett translated Leskien's Albanian tale as *The Liouvía and the Beauty of The Earth*.

The Beauty of the Earth also appears in the tale *Peshkatari dhe e Bukura e dheut* ("The Fisherman and the Beauty of the World"), collected by Anton Çetta in his *Përralla*, Vol II, and in the compilation by Donat Kurti, in the story of "The Beauty of the Earth and the Shtriga" (*e Bukura e dheut dhe shtriga*).

Folklorist Anton Berisha published another Albanian language tale with the character, titled "Djali i vogël i padishajt dhe e bukura e dheut që bahesh skile".

### In Greece

This mythological figure has been found in the Arvanitika dialect of Albanian, in Greece, with the name written in Greek derived script: *Ε μπούκουρα ε δέουτ*.

A character named "Beauty of the Land" appears in a fairy tale variant of the Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index 707, *The Three Golden Children* (*The Dancing Water, the Singing Apple, and the Speaking Bird*), collected in the village of Zagori, Epirus, by J. G. Von Hahn in his *Griechische und Albanische Märchen* (Leipzig, 1864), and analysed by Arthur Bernard Cook in his *Zeus, a Study in Ancient Religion*.

In the tale *The Twin Brothers* (tale type ATU 303, "The Twins or Blood Brothers"), published (as unsourced) by Andrew Lang in his *The Grey Fairy Book* and compiled by scholar Georgios A. Megas in his book *Folktales of Greece*, an old woman reveals that the infertility of a fisherman's wife can be cured by ingesting the flesh of a gold-fish, and after some should be given to her she-dogs and mares. Male twins are born, two foals and two puppies - each brother getting a hound and a horse. A pair of cypress trees also sprout in the fisherman's garden and act as their life token. When one of the twins leaves home, he arrives at a kingdom and tries to woo the princess of this kingdom, by performing three tasks for her father. The princess's name is given as "Fairest in the Land" in Lang's translation, and as "Beauty of the Country" in Megas's version. This tale was originally collected in German by Austrian consul Johann Georg von Hahn from Negades, Zagori. with the title *Die Zwillingsbrüder*. In Hahn's version, the princess is named "Schönen des Landes".

In another tale collected by Georgios A. Megas, *The Navel of the Earth*, a dying king makes his sons promise to wed his three sisters to whoever passes by their castle after his death. The youngest marries his sisters off, respectively, to a lame man, a one-eyed man and a man in rags. Later, he decides to win the "Beauty of the World" as his bride, despite her dangerous reputation.

### In Italy

In the heroic tale "The Twins" (Albanian: *Binoshët*; Italian: *I Gemelli*) collected by Giuseppe Schirò in Piana degli Albanesi and published in his 1923 *Canti tradizionali ed altri saggi delle colonie albanesi di Sicilia*, e Bukura e Dheut is translated in Italian as "la Bella della Terra".

According to Albanologist Robert Elsie, Bernardo Bilotta, an Italian poet and writer of Arbëresh descent, has composed unpublished narrative poems with fairy tale motifs, based on the legend of "The Beauty of the Earth": *E bukura e Jetës* (La Bella del Mondo) (1894) and *La Bella Gioia* (1896).

## Sources

### Footnotes

### Citations

1. Poghirc 1987, p. 179.
2. Fishta & Lambertz 1958, p. 284; Bane 2013, p. 70; Elsie 2001a, pp. 79–81; Çabej 1975, p. 120; Halimi 1972, p. 132; Ushaku 1988, p. 101; Lüthi 1987, pp. 5–6; Noygues 2008, p. 86.
3. Elsie 2001a, pp. 79–81.
4. Hyllested & Joseph 2022, p. 235.
5. Dedvukaj 2023, p. 1.
6. Demiraj et al.
7. Elsie 2001a, p. 258.
8. Sedaj 1982, pp. 78, 457.
9. Bane 2013, p. 70.
10. Elsie 2001a, pp. 252–254.
11. Norris 1993, p. 63.
12. Lambertz 1922, pp. 40–45.
13. Pojani 2017, pp. 1–16.
14. Sánchez Lizarralde 2004, p. 103.
15. Clouston, W. A. *Popular tales and fictions: their migrations and transformations*. Edinburgh; London: W. Blackwood. 1887. p. 188-189.
16. Dozon, Auguste. *Contes Albanais*. Paris: Leroux. 1881. p. xxii.
17. Lurker 2005, p. 38.
18. Lüthi 1987, pp. 5–6.
19. Glück, J. F. Review: \[Reviewed Work: Die geflügelte Schwester und die Dunklender Erde. Albanische Volksmärchen by Maximilian Lambertz\]. *Zeitschrift Für Ethnologie* 78, no. 1 (1953): 150-51. Accessed March 5, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25840161.
20. Fishta & Lambertz 1958, p. 284
21. Lurker 2005, p. 38
22. Elsie, Robert; Mathie-Heck, Janice (2004). *Songs of the Frontier Warriors*. Wauconda, Illinois: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Incorporated. p. 369. ISBN 0-86516-412-6.
23. Garnett, Lucy Mary Jane and Stuart-Glennie, John S. *The Women of Turkey and Their Folk-lore*. Vol. 2: The Jewish and Moslem Women. London: David Nutt. 1891. p. 304.
24. Camaj, Martin. *Albanian Grammar: With Exercises, Chrestomathy and Glossaries*. Collab. on and translated by Leonard Fox. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. 1984. p. 305. ISBN 3-447-02467-4.
25. Wheeler 1936, pp. XV–XVIII.
26. Wheeler 1936, pp. 247–280.
27. Dozon, Auguste (1881). *Contes Albanais*. Paris: Leroux. pp. 7–16.
28. “The Jealous Sisters: An Albanian Folk Tale”. In: *The Slavonic and East European Review*, vol. 9, no. 26, 1930, pp. 308–311. JSTOR. \[www.jstor.org/stable/4202524\]. Accessed 11 Apr. 2020.
29. Dozon, Auguste (1881). *Contes Albanais*. Paris: Leroux. pp. 35–40.
30. Dozon, Auguste (1881). *Contes Albanais*. Paris: Leroux. pp. 83–96.
31. Mazon 1936.
32. Cosquin, Emmanuel. *Les contes indiens et l'occident: petites monographies folkloriques à propos de contes Maures*. Paris: Champion. 1922. pp. 25, 250-252, and 422-423.
33. Krappe, Alexander Haggerty. "\[www.persee.fr/doc/roma\_0035-8029\_1932\_num\_58\_230\_4087 Sur un épisode de *l'Atre périlleux*"\]. In: *Romania*, tome 58 n°230, 1932. p. 264. \[DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/roma.1932.4087\]
34. Clouston, W. A. *Popular tales and fictions: their migrations and transformations*. Edinburgh; London: W. Blackwood. 1887. p. 188-189.
35. Elsie 2001b.
36. Elsie 2001b, pp. 10, 26, 42.
37. Leskien, August. *Balkanmärchen aus Albanien, Bulgarien, Serbien und Kroatien*. Jena, E. Diederichs. 1919. pp. 216-222, 244-251, 265-270 and 228-236.
38. Hahn, Johann Georg von. *Griechische und Albanesische Märchen 1-2*. München/Berlin: Georg Müller. 1918. pp. 131-133.
39. Meyer, Gustav. "Albanische Märchen". In: *Archiv für Litteraturgeschichte*. nr. 12. 1884. pp. 96-105.
40. Garnett, Lucy Mary Jane and Stuart-Glennie, John S. *The Women of Turkey and Their Folk-lore*. Vol. 2: The Jewish and Moslem Women. London: David Nutt. 1891. pp. 305-313.
41. Çetta, Anton. *Përralla II*. Prishtinë: Instituti Albanologjik. 1982. pp. 189-192.
42. Kurti, Donat. *Prralla kombëtare: mbledhë prej gojës së popullit I*. 2. vyd. Shkodër: A. Gj. Fishta. 1942. pp. 51-57.
43. Berisha, Anton. *Antologji e përrallës shqipe*. Rilindja, 1982. pp. 151-156.
44. ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΣ, ΤΣΟΠΑΝΗΣ. *ΚΟΚΚΙΝΗ ΚΛΩΣΤΗ ΔΕΜΕΝΗ, ΣΤΑ ΜΕΣΟΓΕΙΑ ΠΛΕΓΜΕΝΗ...: ΑΡΒΑΝΙΤΙΚΑ ΠΑΡΑΜΥΘΙΑ ΤΩΝ ΜΕΣΟΓΕΙΩΝ*. Prima Materia. 2018. ISBN 9786188328211
45. "Appendix F". In: Cook, Arthur Bernard. *Zeus, A Study In Ancient Religion*. Cambridge University Press. 1925. Vol. II: Zeus, God of the Dark Sky (Thunder and Lightning). Part II: Appendixes and Index. pp. 1006-1007.
46. Lang, Andrew. *The Grey Fairy Book*. New York: Longmans, Green. 1905. pp. 322-331.
47. Megas, Geōrgios A. *Folktales of Greece*. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. 1970. p. 37ff (tale nr. 21).
48. Hahn, Johann Georg von. *Griechische und Albanesische Märchen* 1-2. München/Berlin: Georg Müller, 1918 \[1864\]. pp. 122-130.
49. Megas, Geōrgios A. *Folktales of Greece*. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. 1970. p. 93ff (tale nr. 34).
50. Schirò 1923, pp. 411–439.
51. Elsie, Robert. *HISTORI E LETËRSISË SHQIPTARE*. 1997
52. Metani, Idriz. "Rreth "Fjalorit të Arbëreshëve të Italisë" të Emanuele Giordanos". In: *SEMINARI NDËRKOMBËTAR PËR GJUHËN, LETËRSINË DHE KULTURËN SHQIPTARE* (INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR FOR ALBANIAN LANGUAGE, LITERATURE AND CULTURE). REVISTË / JOURNAL 37. Prishtinë/Tirana: FAKULTETI I FILOLOGJISË/FACULTY OF HISTORY-PHILOLOGY. 2018. p. 233. ISSN 2521-3687  Archived 2020-07-13 at the Wayback Machine
53. "Cultura". 3 February 2023.
54. "Emanuele Giordano Homepage".

### Bibliography


abstract: The 1929–30 UCLA Bruins men's ice hockey season was the program's fourth season of play.

text:
# 1929–30 UCLA Bruins men's ice hockey season

The **1929–30 UCLA Bruins men's ice hockey season** was the program's fourth season of play.

## Season

After the turmoil of the previous season, the team was well served by having some stability. While the coach and captain returned, most of the team was different than the previous season and that did not help the Bruins against their two opponents. They faced California and USC in two series during the year and didn't win a single game. In most games the team's defense was good enough to keep the score close but, as it had been last year, the offense was lacking. Only towards the end of the year did UCLA look like a unified squad. While it was too late to salvage the 1930 season, since most of the players were to return for the following year there was some hope of improvement from the Bruins.

The ice hockey team was the only minor sport at UCLA that was able to turn a profit for the year. Jacobs served as team manager. UCLA used the same colors as University of California, Berkeley until 1949.

## Roster

| No. | S/P/C | Player | Class | Pos | Height | Weight | DoB | Hometown | Previous team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | **J. Albert Bertea** | Freshman |  |  |  |  | Los Angeles, California |  |
|  |  | **Chadwick** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **Donald Clow** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **Cothran** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **Vincent Ford** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **William Halstead** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **Holyman** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **F. Harleigh Kyson** | Freshman |  |  |  |  | Hollywood, California |  |
|  |  | **Francis LaGasse** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **John McMillan** | Junior |  |  |  |  | Los Angeles, California |  |
|  |  | **Alberto Pearson** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **William L. Schaefer** | Junior |  |  |  |  | Montrose, California |  |
|  |  | **Clarence L. Scott** () | Junior |  |  |  |  | Los Angeles, California |  |
|  |  | **Rollin E. Staples** | Senior |  |  |  |  | Los Angeles, California |  |
|  |  | **Claude H. Van Norman** | Junior |  |  |  |  | Independence, California |  |

## Standings

|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conference | | | | | | |  | Overall | | | | | |
| | GP | W | L | T | PTS | GF | GA | | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA |
| California |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| USC |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| UCLA | 5 | 0 | 4 | 1 | **.100** | 8 | 21 |  | 5 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 8 | 21 |
| * indicates conference champion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Schedule and Results

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Record |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Regular Season** | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ? | vs. California | Palais de GlaceLos Angeles, California | **L** 0–4 | 0–1–0 (0–1–0) |
| ? | vs. USC | Palais de GlaceLos Angeles, California | **L** 1–4 | 0–2–0 (0–2–0) |
| ? | vs. California | Palais de GlaceLos Angeles, California | **L** 1–2 | 0–3–0 (0–3–0) |
| ? | vs. USC | Palais de GlaceLos Angeles, California | **T** 3–3 | 0–3–1 (0–3–1) |
| ? | vs. USC | Palais de GlaceLos Angeles, California | **L** 3–8 | 0–4–1 (0–4–1) |
| \*Non-conference game. | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1929–30 UCLA Bruins
men's ice hockey season | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conference | 3rd PCC |
| Home ice | Palais de Glace |
| Record | |
| Overall | 0–4–1 |
| Conference | 0–4–1 |
| Coaches and captains | |
| Head coach | Harvey Tafe |
| Captain(s) | Clarence Scott |
| **UCLA Bruins men's ice hockey seasons**
« 1928–29 1930–31 » | |


abstract: The 1929–30 Villanova Wildcats men's ice hockey season was the inaugural season of play for the program.

text:
# 1929–30 Villanova Wildcats men's ice hockey season

The **1929–30 Villanova Wildcats men's ice hockey season** was the inaugural season of play for the program.

## Season

Despite problems from the Great Depression, Villanova was able to join several other local schools and clubs in the area and found an official ice hockey team in late 1929. Rudy Fried, the owner of the Philadelphia Ice Palace, was of particular help to the program by allowing the team to use the locker rooms and rink. Mr. Meyer, the manager of the Philadelphia Arrows, was also a big help by lending the Arrows' equipment in lieu of their own. One of the Arrows' players, Herb Gardiner agreed to coach the team, however, as he was also engaged by Penn, he was eventually replaced by Levine.

The Wildcats played an exhibition game in early January against the Philadelphia Monarchs. They were able to win the game 3–0 and provide hope that the team's first season could be better than expected. After electing Phil Hillen as team captain by a coin toss, Villanova's first official game was against the Penn Athletic Club on February 16. Eskimo Kennedy recorded two goals while line mate Joe Delaney nabbed the other in the team's surprising 3–3 tie. After the match, Penn A.C. requested a return game to settle the draw and the Wildcats agreed. Before that could take place, however, Villanova faced Penn on the 22nd. Since Penn A. C. had already defeated the Quakers twice that year, the Wildcats believed they had a chance for a victory. Unfortunately, a massive 7-goal second period from the Quakers ended any chance for Villanova that they fell 3–7.

After the humbling loss, the team had a couple weeks for practice before the rematch with Penn A. C. They looked more like they had in their first few games but, due to a hat-trick from former Harvard star William Saltonstall, they dropped their second game of the season. The two teams then agreed to play one final time, with the third match happening in Atlantic City. Coming into the game, the team was set on stopping Saltonstall, which they accomplished. Unfortunately, Roger Buntin was able to take up the mantle and score three goals for the Pennacs. Despite the loss, the team had thrilled the crowd of 3,500 with 5 goals of their own. Kennedy was the team's high-scorer, netting a hat-trick himself to finish the year as the Wildcats' leading scorer.

Julius Becza served as team manager.

## Roster

| No. | S/P/C | Player | Class | Pos | Height | Weight | DoB | Hometown | Previous team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | **John Brandy** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **Joseph Delaney** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **John Faughnan** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **John F. Flanagan** | Senior |  |  |  |  | Brewster, New York |  |
|  |  | **Phillip F. Hillen Jr.** () | Senior |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **Arthur Kennedy** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **John Masucci** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **Joseph Matera** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **Robert O'Farrell** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **John O'Neill** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **William Orcutt** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **Joseph E. Welch** | Senior |  |  |  |  | Brewster, New York |  |

## Standings

|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Intercollegiate | | | | | | |  | Overall | | | | | |
| | GP | W | L | T | Pct. | GF | GA | | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA |
| Amherst |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9 | 2 | 7 | 0 |  |  |
| Army |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 31 | 23 |
| Bates | 11 | 6 | 4 | 1 | **.591** | 27 | 21 |  | 11 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 27 | 21 |
| Boston University | 10 | 4 | 5 | 1 | **.450** | 34 | 31 |  | 13 | 4 | 8 | 1 | 40 | 48 |
| Bowdoin | 7 | 2 | 5 | 0 | **.286** | 10 | 23 |  | 7 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 10 | 23 |
| Brown |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12 | 8 | 3 | 1 |  |  |
| Clarkson | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | **.667** | 50 | 11 |  | 10 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 70 | 18 |
| Colgate | 6 | 1 | 4 | 1 | **.250** | 9 | 19 |  | 6 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 9 | 19 |
| Cornell | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | **.667** | 29 | 18 |  | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 29 | 18 |
| Dartmouth |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 44 | 54 |
| Hamilton |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 |  |  |
| Harvard | 10 | 7 | 2 | 1 | **.750** | 44 | 14 |  | 12 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 48 | 23 |
| Massachusetts Agricultural | 11 | 7 | 4 | 0 | **.636** | 25 | 25 |  | 11 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 25 | 25 |
| Middlebury |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 |  |  |
| MIT | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | **.500** | 16 | 27 |  | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 16 | 27 |
| New Hampshire |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 22 | 42 |
| Northeastern |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7 | 2 | 5 | 0 |  |  |
| Norwich |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 | 0 | 4 | 2 |  |  |
| Pennsylvania | 10 | 4 | 6 | 0 | **.400** | 36 | 39 |  | 11 | 4 | 7 | 0 | 40 | 49 |
| Princeton |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18 | 9 | 8 | 1 |  |  |
| Rensselaer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 |  |  |
| St. John's |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| St. Lawrence |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 |  |  |
| St. Stephen's |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Union | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | **.500** | 8 | 18 |  | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 18 |
| Villanova | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | **.000** | 3 | 7 |  | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 13 | 22 |
| Williams | 9 | 4 | 4 | 1 | **.500** | 28 | 32 |  | 9 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 28 | 32 |
| Yale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 19 | 17 | 1 | 1 |  |  |

## Schedule and Results

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Record |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Regular Season | | | | | | | | | | | |
| January | vs. Philadelphia Monarchs* | Philadelphia Ice PalacePhiladelphia, Pennsylvania (Exhibition) | **W** 3–0 |  |
| February 16 | vs. Penn Athletic Club* | Philadelphia Ice PalacePhiladelphia, Pennsylvania | **T** 3–3 | 0–0–1 |
| February 22 | vs. Pennsylvania* | Philadelphia Ice PalacePhiladelphia, Pennsylvania | **L** 3–7 | 0–1–1 |
| March 8 | vs. Penn Athletic Club* | Philadelphia Ice PalacePhiladelphia, Pennsylvania | **L** 2–4 | 0–2–1 |
| March 22 | vs. Penn Athletic Club* | Boardwalk HallAtlantic City, New Jersey | **L** 5–8 | 0–3–1 |
| \*Non-conference game. | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Scoring statistics

|
|  |
| Name | Position | Games | Goals | Assists | Points |
| Eskimo Kennedy | LW | - | 7 | 0 | 7 |
| John Faughnan |  | - | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Joe Delaney |  | - | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| John O'Neill |  | - | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Jack Brandy | RW | - | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Joe Masucci |  | - | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Joe Matera |  | - | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Joe Welch |  | - | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Bill Orcutt |  | - | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Phil Hillen |  | - | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| John Flanagan |  | - | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Bob O'Farrell |  | - | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total |  |  | 13 | 1 | 14 |

† Assists were infrequently recorded and/or reported.

## InfoBox

| 1929–30 Villanova Wildcats
men's ice hockey season | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Home ice | Philadelphia Ice Palace |
| Record | |
| Overall | 0–3–1 |
| Neutral | 0–3–1 |
| Coaches and captains | |
| Head coach | Levine |
| Captain(s) | Phil Hillen |
| **Villanova Wildcats men's ice hockey seasons**
1930–31 » | |


title: 1936 Uruguayan Primera División

text:
# 1936 Uruguayan Primera División

Statistics of Primera División Uruguaya for the 1936 season.

## Overview

It was contested by 10 teams, and Peñarol won the championship.

## League standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Peñarol | 18 | 14 | 2 | 2 | 40 | 12 | +28 | 30 |
| 2 | Nacional | 18 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 40 | 22 | +18 | 27 |
| 3 | Rampla Juniors | 18 | 10 | 3 | 5 | 34 | 26 | +8 | 23 |
| 4 | River Plate | 18 | 10 | 3 | 5 | 29 | 24 | +5 | 23 |
| 5 | Montevideo Wanderers | 18 | 8 | 3 | 7 | 32 | 27 | +5 | 19 |
| 6 | Central | 18 | 6 | 3 | 9 | 24 | 30 | 6 | 15 |
| 7 | Sud América | 18 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 20 | 31 | 11 | 13 |
| 8 | Bella Vista | 18 | 5 | 2 | 11 | 26 | 36 | 10 | 12 |
| 9 | Defensor | 18 | 4 | 3 | 11 | 24 | 37 | 13 | 11 |
| 10 | Racing Montevideo | 18 | 2 | 3 | 13 | 18 | 42 | 24 | 7 |

Source: rsssf.com

## InfoBox

Uruguayan Primera División
| Peñarol, champions | |
| --- | --- |
| Season | 1934 (33th) |
| Champions | Peñarol |
| 1935 1937 | |