title: 1987 FA Charity Shield

abstract: The 1987 FA Charity Shield was the 65th Charity Shield, a football match contested by the holders of the Football League First Division and FA Cup. This edition was contested between Everton and Coventry City at Wembley Stadium on 1 August 1987. Everton had won the 1986–87 Football League while Coventry City had defeated Tottenham Hotspur in the 1987 FA Cup Final to qualify for the season opener for the first time. It was played two weeks before the new league season began. This was Everton's fourth successive appearance in the Charity Shield. The match was shown live on ITV. The match was played in front of 88,000 spectators in sunny conditions and was refereed by Ray Lewis. Just before half-time, Trevor Steven who sprinted down the pitch and delivered a pass into the centre, over Trevor Peake, and Wayne Clarke struck the ball into the roof of the Coventry City net to give Everton a 1–0 lead. Early in the second half, David Speedie missed an opportunity to score after a pass from Greg Downs, Bobby Mimms saving his strike with his toe. In the 67th minute, Everton came close to doubling their lead but Paul Power's shot was over the Coventry City crossbar. Nick Pickering then struck the Everton crossbar with an overhead kick. In the last moments of the match, Steve Ogrizovic saved a shot from Sharp and the match ended 1–0 to Everton who won the Charity Shield for the eighth time.

text:
# 1987 FA Charity Shield

The **1987 FA Charity Shield** (also known as the **General Motors FA Charity Shield** for sponsorship reasons) was the 65th Charity Shield, a football match contested by the holders of the Football League First Division and FA Cup. This edition was contested between Everton and Coventry City at Wembley Stadium on 1 August 1987. Everton had won the 1986–87 Football League while Coventry City had defeated Tottenham Hotspur in the 1987 FA Cup Final to qualify for the season opener for the first time. It was played two weeks before the new league season began. This was Everton's fourth successive appearance in the Charity Shield. The match was shown live on ITV.

The match was played in front of 88,000 spectators in sunny conditions and was refereed by Ray Lewis. Just before half-time, Trevor Steven who sprinted down the pitch and delivered a pass into the centre, over Trevor Peake, and Wayne Clarke struck the ball into the roof of the Coventry City net to give Everton a 1–0 lead. Early in the second half, David Speedie missed an opportunity to score after a pass from Greg Downs, Bobby Mimms saving his strike with his toe. In the 67th minute, Everton came close to doubling their lead but Paul Power's shot was over the Coventry City crossbar. Nick Pickering then struck the Everton crossbar with an overhead kick. In the last moments of the match, Steve Ogrizovic saved a shot from Sharp and the match ended 1–0 to Everton who won the Charity Shield for the eighth time.

## Background

Founded in 1908 as a successor to the Sheriff of London Charity Shield, the FA Charity Shield began as a contest between the respective champions of The Football League and the Southern League, although in 1913, it was played between an Amateurs XI and a Professionals XI. In 1921, it was contested by the league champions of the top division and FA Cup winners for the first time. The 1987 FA Charity Shield was the 65th edition of the event.

Coventry City had qualified to participate in the Charity Shield after they defeated Tottenham Hotspur in the 1987 FA Cup Final, winning 3–2. Everton were eligible to play in the Charity Shield after they had ended the 1986–87 season as league champions. This was Everton's tenth appearance in the Charity Shield, and the fourth consecutive season, as well as their eighth visit to Wembley Stadium in four years. Coventry City were making their debut in the competition and playing at Wembley Stadium for the second time in their history, the first being their victory in the previous season's FA Cup. The most recent meeting between the sides was in the First Division on 7 February 1987 at Goodison Park which Everton had won 3–1 with goals from Trevor Steven, Adrian Heath and Gary Stevens, with Cyrille Regis scoring Coventry City's solitary goal.

During the off-season, Everton's manager Howard Kendall had left the club to take over at Spanish side Athletic Bilbao, with whom he was able to participate in European football competition while English clubs were banned after the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985. He was replaced at Everton by then-coach Colin Harvey in what was his first managerial role. Coventry City's John Sillett became the sole manager after George Curtis had moved into an administrative role at the club.

Everton were without their first-choice goalkeeper Neville Southall following a knee operation, so Bobby Mimms took his place in the starting line-up. Paul Bracewell, Pat Van Den Hauwe and Ian Snodin were also out with injury and while doubt remained over Heath's fitness following an ankle injury, he started for Everton. Coventry City's side included Scottish international David Speedie who had signed for them during the previous month for £750,000 from Chelsea: he was included in the starting eleven in place of Regis who had failed to recover from a groin injury. Everton came into the Charity Shield after having defeated Swedish side Linköpings FF 4–1 with two goals from Graeme Sharp, and one each from Snodin and Ian Marshall. Coventry City adopted a 4–3–3 formation while Everton played as 4–4–2.

The match was officially referred to as the "General Motors FA Charity Shield" as part of a sponsorship deal between The Football Association and American vehicle manufacturer General Motors. It was played at Wembley Stadium, which first hosted the Shield in 1974. The referee for the match was Ray Lewis from Great Bookham in Surrey. The fixture had been brought forward by one week in order to allow the Football League Centenary match to be hosted at the national stadium, which would see a "Football League XI" play against a "Rest of the World XI", which included Diego Maradona, Gary Lineker, Michel Platini and Josimar. The Charity Shield was broadcast live in several regions on the ITV network.

Coventry City's allocation of tickets for the match was higher than the 25,000 they had received for the FA Cup Final, and the size of their support was reported at the time as setting a new record for a single club in the Charity Shield. The figure varies between sources, with *The Guardian* placing it at 35,000, while club historians David Brassington and Jim Brown gave the figure as 40,000 and 50,000 respectively. Brassington described it as "the largest exodus Coventry had ever experienced".

## Match

### Pre-match

Everton had to make a change to their line-up on the morning of the match, when full-back Stevens became ill with a virus. He was replaced by Heath, while Alan Harper switched to the defence. Despite Curtis no longer being involved in day-to-day management, Coventry chose him to lead the team out on to the field before the game. This was as a result of Sillett having led them out on his own before the FA Cup Final, following an FA denial of Coventry's request for both men to lead. Sillett said that they had decided before the FA Cup game to split the honours this way, "because we were sure to win the Cup".

### First half

The match kicked off around 3 p.m. on 1 August 1987 at Wembley Stadium in front of 88,000 spectators in sunny conditions. Coventry's Lloyd McGrath was penalised for a strong challenge on Heath early in the game, but the Everton free kick came to nothing when Sharp fouled goalkeeper Steve Ogrizovic. Coventry striker Dave Bennett then made a run towards the Everton goal after Peter Reid had given the ball away, but the attack ended when Nick Pickering was given offside. Speedie received headed a pass from Greg Downs towards Mimms, but was also offside. Ten minutes into the game, Harper sent a free kick deep into Coventry's penalty area which was caught by Ogrizovic. He immediately sent the ball down the field towards Speedie, but Everton's Dave Watson was able to clear the danger. Ogrizovic initiated a similar attack minutes later, when his up-field clearance was laid off by Speedie to Micky Gynn. Gynn ran towards Everton's goal and was brought down by a defender. Keith Houchen stopped playing to take a free kick, but the referee had already decided to play advantage and Coventry lost the ball. Both sides continued to attack, with Sharp hitting a shot which was too weak, and Pickering then kicking wide of the goal. The award of a corner to Everton, from which Sharp narrowly missed with a header, sparked a mass argument with the referee by Coventry's players. Both teams had started the game with full commitment, with 10 fouls recorded in the first 20 minutes.

The attacks continued, with Ogrizovic launching Coventry forward a third time, but Houchen's shot went high over the Everton crossbar after a pass from Pickering. Everton's Steven then attempted to score after Coventry full-back David Phillips had given away the ball, but Downs's tackle denied him. Everton had more of the possession in the latter part of the first half, but both sides continued to attack. Sharp made a run down the right wing, with Coventry's defence stretched, but Phillips stopped the attack with a well-timed tackle. Speedie then had another chance from an Ogrizovic clearance, but Everton captain Kevin Ratcliffe won the ball easily. Paul Power ran down the right, crossing the ball into the penalty area over Ogrizovic's head, but Pickering cleared the ball over the crossbar. Coventry then had what *Coventry Evening Telegraph* reporter Roger Draper called their "best move of the match", with Houchen, Pickering and Bennett all involved in the build-up, but Speedie's header went wide. Just before half-time, Heath back-heeled the ball to Steven who sprinted down the pitch and delivered a pass into the centre. Trevor Peake was unable to reach the ball as it flew over his head and Wayne Clarke was able to strike it firmly into the roof of the Coventry City net to give Everton a 1–0 lead. During the interval, Everton were forced to make a change to their team, as Kevin Sheedy had picked up an Achilles tendon injury, and Neil Pointon came on in his place.

### Second half

Early in the second half, Speedie missed an opportunity to score after a pass from Downs when Mimms saved his strike with his toe. Everton's Watson then became the first player of the match to be booked after he fouled McGrath, who soon after had to be substituted with Steve Sedgley coming on to replace him in the 56th minute. Houchen's diving header from a Gynn cross was then deflected out for a corner, and in the 67th minute, Everton came close to doubling their lead. Heath played a long cross-field pass to Sharp who headed the ball to Power. Despite being kicked in the face by Phillips, Power managed to shoot but his strike was over the Coventry City crossbar. Pickering then struck the Everton crossbar with an overhead kick. With five minutes of the match remaining, Gynn was injured by Heath and had to be substituted for Brian Borrows. In the last moments of the match, Ogrizovic saved a shot from Sharp to maintain Everton's lead and the match ended 1–0 to Everton who won the Charity Shield for the eighth time.

### Details

| Coventry City | 0–1 | Everton |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Clarke  44' |

Wembley Stadium, LondonAttendance: 88,000Referee: Ray Lewis

| **1**  Steve Ogrizovic  **2**  David Phillips  **3**  Greg Downs  **4**  Lloyd McGrath   56'  **5**  Brian Kilcline ()  **6**  Trevor Peake  **7**  Dave Bennett  **8**  Micky Gynn   86'  **9**  David Speedie  **10**  Keith Houchen  **11**  Nick Pickering  **Substitutes:**  Steve Sedgley   56'  Jake Findlay  Brian Borrows   86'  Martin Lane  Graham Rodger  **Manager:**  John Sillett |  | **1**  Bobby Mimms  **2**  Alan Harper  **3**  Paul Power  **4**  Kevin Ratcliffe ()  **5**  Dave Watson    **6**  Peter Reid  **7**  Trevor Steven  **8**  Wayne Clarke  **9**  Graeme Sharp  **10**  Adrian Heath  **11**  Kevin Sheedy   46'  **Substitutes:**  Alec Chamberlain  Neil Pointon   46'  Derek Mountfield  Neil Adams  Ian Marshall  **Manager:**  Colin Harvey |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Post-match

Speaking of the timing of Everton's goal, Sillett noted "it was a terrible time to give away a goal". However, he indicated that his side's performance "proved we're not a flash in the pan – we're going to be in there with the top teams this season." He reflected on the timing of the match, suggesting that neither side had been sufficiently prepared for the game: "You don't expect an athlete like Sebastian Coe to train for two weeks and then go straight into the Olympic Games, do you? The occasion has come too early for both of us." Despite his side's victory, Harvey bemoaned the various injuries afflicting the club: "We were a few players short and I think it showed particularly in the second half". Harvey also tipped Coventry as possible title winners for the upcoming season. He said "I was recently asked who I thought were the outsiders for our title. I said Coventry City. ... After this performance, I see no reason to change my mind."

The clubs faced one another in the First Division in the 1987–88 season, with both matches ending in 2–1 wins for the away sides, Coventry City winning at Goodison Park in September 1987 and Everton victorious at Highfield Road the following April. Everton ended the league season in fourth place in the First Division, and were it not for the ban on English clubs in European football, would have qualified to play in the 1988–89 UEFA Cup. Coventry City finished in tenth position in the First Division.

1. "Abandonment of the Sheriff Shield". *The Observer*. 19 April 1908. p. 11.
2. "The F.A. Charity Shield". *The Times*. 7 October 1913. p. 10.
3. Ferguson, Peter (4 August 2011). "The Shield: From the beginning". Manchester City F.C. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
4. Fynn, Alex (2 December 2001). "Continental or the full English?". *The Observer*. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
5. "FA Community Shield". *11v11*. AFS Enterprises. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
6. "The FA Community Shield history". The Football Association. Archived from the original on 9 June 2013. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
7. Pye, Steven (16 May 2014). "How Coventry City shocked Tottenham Hotspur to win the 1987 FA Cup final". *The Guardian*. Archived from the original on 4 January 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
8. Lacey, David (4 October 2013). "Everton's league winners in 1986–87 were worthy of 'unstinted praise'". *The Guardian*. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
9. Atkin, Ronald (2 August 1987). "Sharpshooter Clarke". *The Observer*. p. 38. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021  via Newspapers.com.
10. Scott, Ged (31 March 2017). "Coventry City: Sky Blues legend Steve Ogrizovic praises 'special' Wembley support". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
11. "Everton football club: record v Coventry City". *11v11*. AFS Enterprises. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
12. "Everton v Coventry City, 07 February 1987". *11v11*. AFS Enterprises. Archived from the original on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
13. Gleeson, Paul (17 October 2015). "Howard Kendall interview: Athletic Bilbao adventure for Everton man". Sky Sports. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
14. Thorpe, Martin (1 August 1987). "Speedie arrival for the season". *The Guardian*. p. 15. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021  via Newspapers.com.
15. "Colin Harvey". Everton F.C. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
16. Hornby, Mark (25 March 2020). "Supremos: Profile of Sky Blues legend George Curtis". Coventry City F.C. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
17. Lacey, David (16 July 1987). "Speedie on the move". *The Guardian*. p. 29. Archived from the original on 1 July 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2021  via Newspapers.com.
18. "Regis doubtful for dates at Wembley". *The Times*. 30 July 1987. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021  via Gale.
19. "Everton in form with easy win". *The Times*. 29 July 1987. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021  via Gale.
20. Glanville, Brian (2 August 1987). "Everton's shield – by a whisker". *The Sunday Times*. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021  via Gale.
21. "Coventry City v Everton". *Evening Standard*. 24 July 1987. p. 59. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021  via Newspapers.com.
22. "Coventry City v Everton, 01 August 1987". *11v11*. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
23. "Football League v Rest of the World, 08 August 1987". *11v11*. AFS Enterprises. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
24. "Television and Radio". *The Guardian*. 1 August 1987. p. 28. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021  via Newspapers.com.
25. Reid, Les (16 March 2017). "More than 41,000 Wembley tickets sold to Coventry City fans". *Coventry Observer*. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
26. Thomas, Russell (3 August 1987). "Everton's shield for the long march ahead". *The Guardian*. p. 22. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 15 June 2021  via Newspapers.com.
27. Brassington, David (1989). *Singers to Sky Blues: The story of Coventry City Football Club* (2 ed.). Sporting and Leisure Press Limited. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-86023-452-4.
28. Brown, Jim (1998). *Coventry City: The Elite Era : a Complete Record*. Westcliff-on-Sea: Desert Island Books. p. 108. ISBN 978-1-87428-703-2. Archived from the original on 15 March 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
29. Draper, Roger (1 August 1987). "Clarke's strike stuns City". *The Pink*. pp. 2–3.
30. "Curtis leads out the team". *The Pink*. 1 August 1987. p. 4.
31. Swann, Martin (3 August 1987). "Pride in the fall". *Sandwell Evening Mail*. p. 31. Retrieved 15 June 2021  via British Newspaper Archive.
32. Jones, Stuart (3 August 1987). "Sillett plea to stage Shield in January to end first act flop". *The Times*. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 15 June 2021  via Gale.
33. Evans, Steve (3 August 1987). "Harvey: City to make challenge". *Coventry Evening Telegraph*. p. 24.
34. "League Division One end of season table for 1987–88 season". *11v11*. AFS Enterprises. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
35. Delaney, Miguel (21 June 2013). "What if ... England hadn't been banned". ESPN. Archived from the original on 4 January 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.

## InfoBox

1987 FA Charity Shield
| The match programme cover | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Date | 1 August 1987 |
| Venue | Wembley Stadium, London |
| Referee | Ray Lewis |
| Attendance | 88,000 |
| Weather | Sunny |
|


title: Arthur Francis (footballer)

abstract: Arthur John Francis was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Fitzroy Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL). In 2003, Francis was named in the Rutherglen Football Club's Team of the Century.

text:
# Arthur Francis (footballer)

**Arthur John Francis** (4 December 1886 – 15 October 1952) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Fitzroy Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

In 2003, Francis was named in the Rutherglen Football Club's Team of the Century.

## InfoBox

| Arthur Francis | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Arthur John Francis | | |
| Date of birth | (1886-12-04)4 December 1886 | | |
| Place of birth | Wahgunyah, Victoria | | |
| Date of death | 15 October 1952(1952-10-15) (aged 65) | | |
| Place of death | Rutherglen, Victoria | | |
| Original team(s) | Rutherglen (O&MFL) | | |
| Height | 177 cm (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1911 | Fitzroy | 1 (0) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1911. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: 2009 in Denmark

abstract: Events from the year 2009 in Denmark.

text:
# 2009 in Denmark

Events from the year **2009 in Denmark**.

## Incumbents

## Events

### January

### February

### March

* 27 March – The Faroese singer Linda Andrews wins the second season of X Faktor.

### April

### June

* 7 June – A referendum on changing the Act of Succession is held.
* 13 June – Stein Bagger is sentenced to 7 years in prison for having embezzled 862 million dollars.
* 17 June – Three Danish soldiers are killed in Afghanistan. Denmark has lost a total of 25 soldiers in the War in Afghanistan.
* 21 June – As a step toward total independence from the Kingdom of Denmark, Greenland assumes control over its law enforcement, judicial affairs, and natural resources. Greenlandic becomes the official language.

### September

### October

### November

### December

## The arts

### Architecture

### Film

### Literature

### Media

### Music

## Sports

Badminton

### Cycling

### Football

### Handball

### Golf

### Other

## Births

## Deaths

### JanuaryMarch

### AprilJune

### JulySeptember

### OctoberDecember

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: | Other events of 2009<br>List of years in Denmark |


title: 1999 Orange Bowl

abstract: The 1999 Orange Bowl was a college football bowl game played on January 2, 1999. It was also one of 1998–99 Bowl Championship Series (BCS) games. This 65th edition of the Orange Bowl featured the Syracuse Orangemen, and the Florida Gators. Florida came into the game with a 9–2 record, whereas Syracuse was 8–3. Consequently, the Gators were favorites playing in their home state. Florida came out of the gates swinging, with quarterback Doug Johnson throwing two touchdown passes to wide receiver Travis Taylor creating a 14-0 Florida lead. Syracuse got on the scoreboard in the second quarter following a field goal to close the gap to 14–3. Florida added two more touchdowns before the half to widen the gap to 28–3. Florida continued to dominate the game, before giving up a 62 yard touchdown from quarterback Donovan McNabb to wide receiver Maurice Jackson, with only 3 minutes left in the game. Florida then ran out the clock to finish the game. Florida, whose only two losses came against top-two opponents, cranked out over 400 yards of total offense. Travis Taylor was named MVP, after catching 7 passes for 159 yards and two touchdowns. Running back Terry Jackson rushed for 108 yards on 21 carries. This Orange Bowl was played at the Miami Orange Bowl because Pro Player Stadium was being used for an NFL wild card playoff game; coincidentally, both the NFL game and the Orange Bowl were aired on the same network, ABC.

text:
# 1999 Orange Bowl

The **1999 Orange Bowl** was a college football bowl game played on January 2, 1999. It was also one of 1998–99 Bowl Championship Series (BCS) games. This 65th edition of the Orange Bowl (the last one ever played at the Miami Orange Bowl) featured the Syracuse Orangemen, and the Florida Gators. Florida came into the game with a 9–2 record, whereas Syracuse was 8–3. Consequently, the Gators were favorites playing in their home state.

Florida came out of the gates swinging, with quarterback Doug Johnson throwing two touchdown passes to wide receiver Travis Taylor creating a 14-0 Florida lead. Syracuse got on the scoreboard in the second quarter following a field goal to close the gap to 14–3. Florida added two more touchdowns before the half to widen the gap to 28–3.

Florida continued to dominate the game, before giving up a 62 yard touchdown from quarterback Donovan McNabb to wide receiver Maurice Jackson, with only 3 minutes left in the game. Florida then ran out the clock to finish the game. Florida, whose only two losses came against top-two opponents, cranked out over 400 yards of total offense. Travis Taylor was named MVP, after catching 7 passes for 159 yards and two touchdowns. Running back Terry Jackson rushed for 108 yards on 21 carries.

This Orange Bowl was played at the Miami Orange Bowl because Pro Player Stadium (later known as Hard Rock Stadium) was being used for an NFL wild card playoff game; coincidentally, both the NFL game and the Orange Bowl were aired on the same network, ABC.

## Aftermath

The 1999 Orange Bowl victory clinched Florida's sixth consecutive 10-win season. They finished the season 10-2, and ranked in the final Top 5.

## InfoBox

| 1999 FedEx Orange Bowl | |
| --- | --- |
| 65th Orange Bowl<br>BCS Bowl Game | |
|  | |
| 1 2 3 4 Total  **Florida** 14 14 0 3 31  **Syracuse** 0 3 0 7 10 | |
| Date | January 2, 1999 |
| Season | 1998 |
| Stadium | Miami Orange Bowl |
| Location | Miami, Florida |
| MVP | Florida WR Travis Taylor |
| Favorite | Florida by 7 (62.5) |
| Referee | Dick Honig (Big Ten) |
| Attendance | 67,919 |
| United States TV coverage | |
| Network | ABC |
| Announcers | Brad Nessler and Gary Danielson |
| Nielsen ratings | 8.4 |
|


title: Badminton at the 1990 Asian Games

abstract: Badminton was contested at the 1990 Asian Games in Beijing, China from 28 September to 6 October. Singles, doubles, and team events were contested for both men and women. Mixed doubles were also contested. The competition was held at the Beijing Gymnasium in Beijing, China.

text:
# Badminton at the 1990 Asian Games

**Badminton** was contested at the **1990 Asian Games** in Beijing, China from 28 September to 6 October. Singles, doubles, and team events were contested for both men and women. Mixed doubles were also contested.

The competition was held at the Beijing Gymnasium in Beijing, China.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's singles
 | Zhao Jianhua
China | Yang Yang
China | Alan Budikusuma
Indonesia |
| | | | Rashid Sidek
Malaysia |
| Men's doubles
 | China
Tian Bingyi
Li Yongbo | South Korea
Park Joo-bong
Kim Moon-soo | Indonesia
Eddy Hartono
Rudy Gunawan |
| | | | Malaysia
Razif Sidek
Jalani Sidek |
| Men's team
 | China
Huang Zhanzhong
Li Yongbo
Tian Bingyi
Wu Wenkai
Xiong Guobao
Yang Yang
Zhao Jianhua
Zheng Yumin | Malaysia
Cheah Soon Kit
Foo Kok Keong
Kwan Yoke Meng
Jalani Sidek
Rashid Sidek
Razif Sidek
Soo Beng Kiang | South Korea
Ahn Jae-chang
Choi Sang-bum
Kim Hak-kyun
Kim Moon-soo
Lee Kwang-jin
Park Joo-bong
Shon Jin-hwan
Sung Han-kook |
| | | | Indonesia
Alan Budikusuma
Rudy Gunawan
Eddy Hartono
Richard Mainaky
Aryono Miranat
Joko Suprianto
Hermawan Susanto
Ardy Wiranata |
| Women's singles
 | Tang Jiuhong
China | Lee Young-suk
South Korea | Susi Susanti
Indonesia |
| | | | Huang Hua
China |
| Women's doubles
 | China
Guan Weizhen
Nong Qunhua | South Korea
Chung So-young
Gil Young-ah | Indonesia
Verawaty Fadjrin
Lili Tampi |
| | | | China
Yao Fen
Lai Caiqin |
| Women's team
 | China
Guan Weizhen
Huang Hua
Lai Caiqin
Nong Qunhua
Shi Fangjing
Tang Jiuhong
Yao Fen
Zhou Lei | Indonesia
Verawaty Fadjrin
Sarwendah Kusumawardhani
Lilik Sudarwati
Erma Sulistianingsih
Susi Susanti
Lili Tampi
Rosiana Tendean
Minarti Timur | Japan
Kimiko Jinnai
Kazue Kanai
Tomomi Matsuo
Aiko Miyamura
Hisako Mizui
Hisako Mori
Kyoko Sasage |
| | | | South Korea
Chung Myung-hee
Chung So-young
Gil Young-ah
Hwang Hye-young
Lee Heung-soon
Lee Jung-mi
Lee Young-suk
Shim Eun-jung |
| Mixed doubles
 | South Korea
Park Joo-bong
Chung Myung-hee | Indonesia
Eddy Hartono
Verawaty Fadjrin | Indonesia
Rudy Gunawan
Rosiana Tendean |
| | | | China
Zheng Yumin
Shi Fangjing |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | China (CHN) | 6 | 1 | 3 | 10 |
| 2 | South Korea (KOR) | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
| 3 | Indonesia (INA) | 0 | 2 | 6 | 8 |
| 4 | Malaysia (MAL) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 5 | Japan (JPN) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (5 entries) | | 7 | 7 | 14 | 28 |

## Participating nations

A total of 101 athletes from 10 nations competed in badminton at the 1990 Asian Games:

## InfoBox

| Badminton
at the 1990 Asian Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Venue | Beijing Gymnasium |
| Dates | 28 September – 6 October |
| Competitors | 101 from 10 nations |
|


title: 1999–2000 FIBA Korać Cup

abstract: The 1999–2000 FIBA Korać Cup was the 29th edition of FIBA's Korać Cup basketball competition. The French Limoges CSP defeated the Spanish Unicaja in the final. This was Limoges' third time winning the title following victories in 1982 and 1983.

text:
# 1999–2000 FIBA Korać Cup

The **1999–2000 FIBA Korać Cup** was the 29th edition of FIBA's Korać Cup basketball competition. The French Limoges CSP defeated the Spanish Unicaja in the final. This was Limoges' third time winning the title following victories in 1982 and 1983.

## Country ranking

For the 1999–2000 FIBA Korać Cup, the countries are allocated places according to their place on the FIBA country rankings, which takes into account their performance in European competitions from 1996–97 to 1998–99.

**Country ranking for 1999–2000 FIBA Korać Cup**
| Rank Country Points Teams  1  Italy 237.667 4  2  Greece 179.167  3  Spain 150.167  4  Turkey 70.500  5  France 68.833  6  Lithuania 55.556  7  Yugoslavia 54.500  8  Russia 35.695  9  Slovenia 30.622  10  Germany 27.833  11  Croatia 25.542  12  Israel 22.108  13  Poland 20.714  14  Belgium 13.817  15  Portugal 13.762  16  Ukraine 6.143  17  Austria 4.559  18  Hungary 4.429  19  Macedonia 4.375 | Rank Country Points Teams  20  Cyprus 3.528 4  21  Czech Republic 3.187 3  22  Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.008  23  Finland 2.917  24  Slovakia 2.583  25  Latvia 2.302 2  26  Bulgaria 1.917  27  Netherlands 1.722  28  Sweden 1.667  29  Estonia 0.667 1  30  Romania 0.611  31  Luxembourg 0.472  32  Switzerland 0.389  33  Georgia 0.333  34  England 0.278  35  Belarus 0.111  36  Albania 0.055  37  Denmark 0.000  38  Ireland 0.000 |
| --- | --- |

## Team allocation

The labels in the parentheses show how each team qualified for the place of its starting round:

* 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.: League position after Playoffs
* WC: Wild card

| Regular season | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Aeroporti di Roma Virtus (6th) | Jabones Pardo Fuenlabrada (7th) | Neptunas (6th) | Ericsson Bobry Bytom (3rd) |
| Lineltex Imola (7th) | Casademont Girona (8th) | Sema Panevezys (7th) | Pogon Ruda Ślaska (5th) |
| Pepsi Basket Rimini (8th) | Unicaja (9th) | ~~Beopetrol~~ (6th) | Galatasaray (6th) |
| Bipop-Carire Reggiana (9th) | Le Mans (6th) | ~~FMP Železnik~~ (7th) | Turk Telekom (7th) |
| Aris (4th) | Limoges CSP (7th) | ~~Spartak Subotica~~ (8th) | Kouvot (1st) |
| Maroussi (7th) | SLUC Nancy (8th) | Ural Great (4th) | Magic M7 (WC) |
| Nikas Peristeri (8th) | Olympique Antibes (9th) | UNICS (5th) |  |
| | Near East (9th) | Šiauliai (4th) | Lokomotiv Mineralnye Vody (9th) |
| | Adecco Estudiantes (4th) | Alita (5th) | Anwil Wloclawek (2nd) |
| Qualifying round | | | |
| Sloboda Dita (2nd) | Telindus Union Mons-Hainaut (6th) | UBM Arkadia Traiskirchen (6th) | Yambolgaz-92 (4th) |
| Brotnjo (3rd) | CAB Madeira (3rd) | UBC Stahlbau Oberwart (5th) | Den Helder (2nd) |
| Feal Široki (4th) | Seixal FC (5th) | Piloset Turku (3rd) | MPC-Donar Groningen (6th) |
| Posušje (5th) | Ovarense Aerosoles (9th) | Äänekosken Huima (4th) | Grodno-93 (1st) |
| Borac Nektar (1st) | CA Queluz (13th) | Namika Lahti (6th) | Gomel' Wildcats (4th) |
| Loka Kava (6th) | Apollon Limassol (3rd) | Etzella (1st) | Azoty Unia Tarnów (7th) |
| Slovan (7th) | AEL Limassol (4th) | Racing Club Luxembourg | Atomerömü (4th) |
| Zagorje (WC) | Keravnos Keo (6th) | Sparta Bertrange | Nikol-Fert (4th) |
| Rogla Atras (WC) | Panathinaikos Limassol (7th) | Fribourg Olympic (1st) | Sparta Praha (7th) |
| Bayer 04 Leverkusen (4th) | Benston Zagreb (4th) | Vacallo Win (2nd) | AŠK Inter Slovnaft (2nd) |
| Herzogtel Trier (5th) | Zrinjevac (6th) | Lugano Snakes (4th) | CSU Atlassib Sibiu (1st) |
| Ratiopharm Ulm (7th) | Zagreb (8th) | Beşiktaş (8th) | Azot Rustavi |
| SG Braunschweig (11th) | Maccabi Ramat-Gan (4th) | Pinar Karşiyaka (9th) | London Leopards (WC) |
| Telindus Racing Antwerpen (2nd) | Hapoel Galil Elyon (6th) | CSKA Kyiv (1st) | IRB (WC) |
| Sunair Ostende (4th) | Maccabi Haifa (7th) | Kyiv (WC) |  |
| | Brother Gent (5th) | Goldene Seiten Kapfenberg (2nd) | Levski Sofia (2nd) |
|

Notes 1. **Note RS:** Champions of the league of Republika Srpska.
2. **Note SLO:** Slovenian Basketball Federation decided that two teams from the Second Slovenian Basketball League replace KK ZM Maribor Lumar (rejected) and KK Postojna (hadn't applied for the competition).

## First Round

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| IRB | 189–155 | London Leopards | **111**–75 | 78–**80** |
| Bayer 04 Leverkusen | 198–135 | Racing Club Luxembourg | **109**–65 | **89**–70 |
| Äänekosken Huima | 184–173 | Ratiopharm Ulm | **100**–87 | 84–**86** |
| Piloset Turku | 177–166 | Azoty Unia Tarnów | **92**–86 | **85**–80 |
| Grodno-93 | 147–144 | Namika Lahti | **73**–63 | 74–**81** |
| Gomel' Wildcats | 137–188 | CSKA Kyiv | 67–**73** | 70–**115** |
| Azot Rustavi | 146–190 | Kyiv | 74–**100** | 72–**90** |
| Rogla Atras | 122–157 | Inter Slovnaft | 58–**70** | 64–**87** |
| Atomerömü | 150–156 | Slovan | 85–**86** | 65–**70** |
| Goldene Seiten Kapfenberg | 127–130 | Zrinjevac | **69**–67 | 58–**63** |
| Sparta Praha | 141–137 | Arkadia Traiskirchen | 63–**70** | **78**–67 |
| Stahlbau Oberwart | 115–127 | Brother Gent | 58–**66** | 57–**61** |
| Etzella | 112–204 | Sunair Ostende | 63–**99** | 49–**105** |
| Sparta Bertrange | 105–180 | Telindus Racing Antwerpen | 57–**95** | 48–**85** |
| Queluz | 139–164 | Telindus Union Mons-Hainaut | 79–**89** | 60–**75** |
| Ovarense Aerosoles | 156–129 | SG Braunschweig | **94**–55 | 62–**74** |
| Den Helder | 121–152 | CAB Madeira | 68–**80** | 53–**72** |
| Vacallo Win | 164–134 | Donar | **86–**73 | **78**–61 |
| Lugano Snakes | 155–147 | Seixal FC | **83**–71 | 72–**76** |
| Fribourg Olympic | 143–159 | Apollon Limassol | 81–**88** | 62–**71** |
| Panathinaikos Limassol | 140–180 | Herzogtel Trier | **65**–63 | 75–**97** |
| AEL Limassol | 137–205 | Maccabi Ramat-Gan | 66–**102** | 71–**103** |
| Keravnos Keo | 124–133 | Maccabi Haifa | 67–67 | 57–**66** |
| Atlassib Sibiu | 114–181 | Hapoel Galil Elyon | 61–**74** | 53–**107** |
| Nikol-Fert | 179–167 | Zagorje | 82–**87** | **97**–80 |
| Feal Široki | 155–157 | Loka Kava | **75**–67 | 80–**91** |
| Brotnjo | 134–133 | Benston Zagreb | **67**–59 | 67–**74** |
| Sloboda Dita | 113–124 | Zagreb | 54–**60** | 59–**64** |
| Posušje | 107–142 | Beşiktaş | 42–**63** | 65–**79** |
| Yambolgaz-92 | 121–135 | Pinar Karşiyaka | **62**–54 | 59–**81** |
| Levski Sofia | 153–143 | Borac Nektar | **72–**57 | 81–**86** |

## Second round

Key to colors
|  | Top two places in each group advance to round of 32 |
| --- | --- |

| Group A    Team Pld W L PF PA Pts  1  Casademont Girona 6 6 0 516 444 **12**  2  Vacallo Win 6 4 2 456 444 **10**  3  Olympique Antibes 6 2 4 423 447 **8**  4  Brother Gent 6 0 6 414 474 **6** | Group B    Team Pld W L PF PA Pts  1  Galatasaray 6 6 0 501 403 **12**  2  Lineltex Imola 6 4 2 466 424 **10**  3  Zrinjevac 6 2 4 432 451 **8**  4  Loka Kava 6 0 6 342 463 **6** |
| --- | --- |

| Group C    Team Pld W L PF PA Pts  1  Maccabi Haifa 4 3 1 318 261 **7**  2  Bipop-Carire Reggiana 4 2 2 297 300 **6**  3  Nikol-Fert 4 1 2 277 331 **5**  4  Beopetrol 0 0 0  - **0** | Group D    Team Pld W L PF PA Pts  1  Unicaja 6 4 2 460 389 **10**  2  Pepsi Rimini 6 4 2 439 430 **10**  3  Telindus Union Mons Hainaut 6 3 3 420 499 **9**  4  Bayer 04 Leverkusen 6 1 5 436 437 **7** |
| --- | --- |

| Group E    Team Pld W L PF PA Pts  1  Aeroporti di Roma Virtus 6 6 0 451 381 **12**  2  Hapoel Galil Elyon 6 4 2 455 445 **10**  3  Beşiktaş 6 2 4 397 410 **8**  4  Inter Slovnaft 6 0 6 407 474 **6** | Group F    Team Pld W L PF PA Pts  1  Alita 6 4 2 496 485 **10**  2  Lokomotiv Mineralnye Vody 6 4 2 489 483 **10**  3  Piloset Turku 6 2 4 504 516 **8**  4  Kyiv 6 2 4 528 533 **8** |
| --- | --- |

| Group G    Team Pld W L PF PA Pts  1  Maccabi Ramat Gan 6 5 1 493 433 **11**  2  Maroussi 6 4 2 487 450 **10**  3  Zagreb 6 3 3 427 419 **9**  4  Sparta Praha 6 0 6 397 502 **6** | Group H    Team Pld W L PF PA Pts  1  Magic M7 6 5 1 539 472 **11**  2  Pogon Ruda Ślaska 6 5 1 489 451 **11**  3  Neptunas 6 1 5 437 481 **7**  4  Kouvot 6 1 5 427 488 **7** |
| --- | --- |

| Group I    Team Pld W L PF PA Pts  1  Limoges CSP 6 5 1 473 424 **11**  2  Telindus Racing Antwerpen 6 3 3 414 397 **9**  3  Jabones Pardo Fuenlabrada 6 3 3 429 433 **9**  4  Ovarense Aerosoles 6 1 5 406 468 **7** | Group J    Team Pld W L PF PA Pts  1  Šiauliai 6 5 1 435 368 **11**  2  UNICS 6 4 2 469 409 **10**  3  Ericsson Bobry Bytom 6 2 4 419 436 **8**  4  Grodno-93 6 1 5 376 486 **7** |
| --- | --- |

| Group K    Team Pld W L PF PA Pts  1  SLUC Nancy 6 6 0 494 423 **12**  2  Lugano Snakes 6 4 2 506 449 **10**  3  IRB 6 2 4 472 518 **8**  4  Äänekosken Huima 6 0 6 440 522 **6** | Group L    Team Pld W L PF PA Pts  1  Anwil Wloclawek 6 4 2 488 427 **10**  2  CSKA Kyiv 6 4 2 493 470 **10**  3  Ural Great 6 4 2 481 437 **10**  4  Sema Panevezys 6 0 6 356 484 **6** |
| --- | --- |

| Group M    Team Pld W L PF PA Pts  1  Pinar Karşiyaka 4 3 1 302 291 **7**  2  Near East 4 2 2 293 311 **6**  3  Slovan 4 1 3 301 294 **5**  4  Spartak Subotica 0 0 0  - **0** | Group N    Team Pld W L PF PA Pts  1  Nikas Peristeri 6 4 2 481 411 **10**  2  Turk Telekom 6 4 2 477 451 **10**  3  Brotnjo 6 4 2 526 545 **10**  4  Herzogtel Trier 6 0 6 501 578 **6** |
| --- | --- |

| Group O    Team Pld W L PF PA Pts  1  Aris 4 3 1 331 305 **7**  2  Apollon Limassol 4 2 2 313 357 **6**  3  Levski Sofia 4 1 3 343 325 **5**  4  FMP Železnik 0 0 0  - **0** | Group P    Team Pld W L PF PA Pts  1  Adecco Estudiantes 6 5 1 543 485 **11**  2  Sunair Oostende 6 3 3 442 468 **9**  3  CAB Madeira 6 2 4 470 497 **8**  4  Le Mans 6 2 4 472 477 **8** |
| --- | --- |

Sources:

## Playoffs

### Bracket

### Third round

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Vacallo Win | 124–151 | Galatasaray | 58–69 | 66–82 |
| Lineltex Imola | 150–168 | Casademont Girona | 72–83 | 78–85 |
| Bipop Carire Reggiana | 122–135 | Unicaja | 67–74 | 55–61 |
| Pepsi Rimini | 139–127 | Maccabi Haifa | 81–61 | 58–66 |
| Hapoel Galil Elyon | 153–142 | Alita | 88–61 | 65–81 |
| Lokomotiv Mineralnye Vody | 131–155 | Aeroporti di Roma Virtus | 72–69 | 59–86 |
| Maroussi | 164–155 | Magic M7 | 89–74 | 75–81 |
| Pogoń Ruda Śląska | 170–159 | Maccabi Ramat Gan | 100–68 | 70–91 |
| Telindus Racing Antwerpen | 140–135 | Šiauliai | 69–66 | 71–69 |
| UNICS | 133–179 | Limoges CSP | 64–86 | 69–93 |
| Lugano | 127–143 | Anwil Włocławek | 60–71 | 67–72 |
| CSKA Kyiv | 147–141 | Nancy | 74–73 | 73–68 |
| Near East | 136–146 | Nikas Peristeri | 73–80 | 63–66 |
| Türk Telekom | 143–138 | Pinar Karşıyaka | 78–72 | 65–66 |
| Apollon Limassol | 135–205 | Adecco Estudiantes | 56–91 | 79–114 |
| Sunair Oostende | 146–152 | Aris | 75–65 | 71–87 |

### Top 16

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Galatasaray | 135–150 | Unicaja | 67–64 | 68–86 |
| Casademont Girona | 146–137 | Pepsi Rimini | 67–65 | 79–72 |
| Hapoel Galil Elyon | 134–144 | Maroussi | 80–77 | 54–70 |
| Aeroporti di Roma Virtus | 143–139 | Pogoń Ruda Śląska | 66–64 | 77–75 |
| Telindus Racing Antwerpen | 127–140 | Anwil Włocławek | 71–65 | 56–75 |
| Limoges CSP | 186–144 | CSKA Kyiv | 86–73 | 100–71 |
| Nikas Peristeri | 146–164 | Adecco Estudiantes | 75–85 | 71–79 |
| Türk Telekom | 155–121 | Aris | 82–59 | 73–62 |

### Quarter finals

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Unicaja | 140–118 | Maroussi | 77–58 | 63–60 |
| Casademont Girona | 139–133 | Aeroporti di Roma Virtus | 61–67 | 78–66 |
| Anwil Włocławek | 129–153 | Adecco Estudiantes | 74–69 | 55–84 |
| Limoges CSP | 138–132 | Türk Telekom | 71–57 | 67–75 |

### Semi finals

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Unicaja | 132–125 | Adecco Estudiantes | 85–72 | 47–53 |
| Casademont Girona | 134–146 | Limoges CSP | 77–77 | 57–69 |

### Finals

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Limoges CSP | 131–118 | Unicaja | 80–58 | 51–60 |

| 1999–00 FIBA Korać Cup Champions |
| --- |
|
**Limoges CSP**
**3rd title** |

## InfoBox

| 1999–2000 FIBA Korać Cup | |
| --- | --- |
| League | FIBA Korać Cup |
| Sport | Basketball |
| Finals | |
| Champions | Limoges CSP |
| Runners-up | Unicaja |


title: Frank E. Shanahan Jr.

abstract: Frank E. Shanahan Jr. was an American politician. He served as a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives.

text:
# Frank E. Shanahan Jr.

**Frank E. Shanahan Jr.** (August 20, 1923 – December 12, 2007) was an American politician. He served as a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives.

## Life and career

Shanahan was born in Vicksburg, Mississippi. He was a lawyer.

Shanahan served in the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1956 to 1968.

Shanahan died on December 12, 2007, at the age of 84.

## InfoBox

| Frank E. Shanahan Jr. | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Mississippi House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
1956–1968 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1923-08-20)August 20, 1923
Vicksburg, Mississippi, U.S. |
| Died | December 12, 2007(2007-12-12) (aged 84) |
|  | |


title: Euerythra

abstract: Euerythra is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Leon F. Harvey in 1876.

text:
# Euerythra

***Euerythra*** is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Leon F. Harvey in 1876.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Euerythra* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Euerythra phasma* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Subtribe: | Phaegopterina |
| Genus: | *Euerythra*
Harvey, 1876 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Euerythra phasma*
Harvey, 1876 | |


title: Aurora (Asawa)

abstract: Aurora is an outdoor stainless steel fountain and sculpture completed in 1986 by Ruth Asawa, installed at Bayside Plaza at Howard Street in San Francisco, California, United States.

text:
# Aurora (Asawa)

***Aurora*** is an outdoor stainless steel fountain and sculpture completed in 1986 by Ruth Asawa, installed at Bayside Plaza (188 Embarcadero) at Howard Street in San Francisco, California, United States.

1. Yamamoto, J. K. (2013-08-14). "Visionary Japanese American Sculptor, Educator Ruth Asawa, 87, Dies". *New America Media*. Adapted from *The Rafu Shimpo*. San Francisco. Archived from the original on 2017-03-05. Retrieved 2016-07-08.
2. "Aurora Fountain - San Francisco, CA". *Waymarking.com*. Archived from the original on 2016-09-13. Retrieved 2016-07-08.
3. "Ruth Asawa's Bay Area Works". *San Francisco Chronicle*. Archived from the original on 2016-07-02. Retrieved 2016-07-08.
4. Hertz, Leba (2013-06-27). "Fountain creates gush of interest in Ruth Asawa". *SFGATE*. Hearst Corporation. Archived from the original on 2016-07-08. Retrieved 2016-07-08.

## InfoBox

| Aurora | |
| --- | --- |
| *Aurora Fountain* | |
|  | |
| Artist | Ruth Asawa |
| Completion date | 1986 (1986) |
| Type | Sculpture |
| Medium | Stainless steel |
| Location | San Francisco |
| Coordinates | 37°47′33″N 122°23′29″W / 37.79252°N 122.39152°W / 37.79252; -122.39152 |
| Website | ruthasawa.com/aurora-the-embarcadero-1984-1986/ |


title: 1972–73 British Home Championship

abstract: The 1972–73 British Home Championship international Home Nations football tournament was, like its predecessor in 1972, a victim of The Troubles in Northern Ireland which had erupted following Bloody Sunday the previous year. As with the previous year in the rugby union 1972 Five Nations Championship, threats were made by Republican activists against visiting British teams, which in this year meant England and Wales. To prevent violence but keep the tournament running, Northern Ireland's "home" games were transferred to Goodison Park, the home of Everton F.C. in Liverpool in England. This step meant that Ireland played just a short ferry ride from Belfast in a city with a substantial Irish population, but where the police were able to exercise a greater measure of control over who was able to attend. The shift to England did not substantially hinder the Irish, who claimed a rare and respectable second place behind England, who achieved yet another whitewash of their near neighbours. Beating the Irish in Liverpool to match Scotland's win over Wales, England then inflicted defeat on the same team at Wembley, whilst the Irish recovered from their first game to beat the Scots in Scotland. In the final two games, Northern Ireland beat Wales, setting up a close encounter in the final game, in which the winner would take the tournament but a draw would benefit the Irish. The game was a close encounter, made more interesting by an English 5–0 thrashing of Scotland two months earlier in a testimonial match celebrating one hundred years of international football. England however, eventually triumphed by a single goal from Martin Peters, winning the trophy for another year.

text:
# 1972–73 British Home Championship

The **1972–73 British Home Championship** international Home Nations football tournament was, like its predecessor in 1972, a victim of The Troubles in Northern Ireland which had erupted following Bloody Sunday the previous year. As with the previous year in the rugby union 1972 Five Nations Championship, threats were made by Republican activists against visiting British teams, which in this year meant England and Wales. To prevent violence but keep the tournament running, Northern Ireland's "home" games were transferred to Goodison Park, the home of Everton F.C. in Liverpool in England. This step meant that Ireland played just a short ferry ride from Belfast (where the match was originally scheduled) in a city with a substantial Irish population, but where the police were able to exercise a greater measure of control over who was able to attend.

The shift to England did not substantially hinder the Irish, who claimed a rare and respectable second place behind England, who achieved yet another whitewash of their near neighbours. Beating the Irish in Liverpool to match Scotland's win over Wales, England then inflicted defeat on the same team at Wembley, whilst the Irish recovered from their first game to beat the Scots in Scotland. In the final two games, Northern Ireland beat Wales, setting up a close encounter in the final game, in which the winner would take the tournament but a draw would benefit the Irish. The game was a close encounter, made more interesting by an English 5–0 thrashing of Scotland two months earlier in a testimonial match celebrating one hundred years of international football. England however, eventually triumphed by a single goal from Martin Peters, winning the trophy for another year.

## Table

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| England (C) | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 | +5 | 6 |
| Northern Ireland | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 3 | +1 | 4 |
| Scotland | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
| Wales | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 0 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) points. The points system worked as follows: 2 points for a win and 1 point for a draw.
(C) Champions

## Results

| Wales | 0–2 | Scotland |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Graham  60', 70' |

Racecourse Ground, WrexhamAttendance: 18,682Referee: James Lawther (Northern Ireland)

---

| Northern Ireland | 1–2 | England |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Clements  22' (pen.) |  | Chivers  9', 82' |

Goodison Park, LiverpoolAttendance: 29,865Referee: Clive Thomas (Wales)

---

| England | 3–0 | Wales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Chivers  24'
Channon  32'
Peters  75' |  |  |

Wembley Stadium, LondonAttendance: 38,000Referee: John Patterson (Scotland)

---

| Scotland | 1–2 | Northern Ireland |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Dalglish  89' |  | O'Neill  3'
Anderson  16' |

Hampden Park, GlasgowAttendance: 39,018Referee: Ken Burns (England)

---

| Northern Ireland | 1–0 | Wales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hamilton  14' |  |  |

Goodison Park, LiverpoolAttendance: 4,946Referee: Bobby Davidson (Scotland)

---

| England | 1–0 | Scotland |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Peters  54' |  |  |

Wembley Stadium, LondonAttendance: 95,950Referee: Kurt Tschenscher (West Germany)   * Guy Oliver (1992). *The Guinness Record of World Soccer*. Guinness. ISBN 0-85112-954-4.

## InfoBox

1972–73 British Home Championship
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 12–19 May 1973 |
| Teams | 4 |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | England (48th title) |
| Runners-up | Northern Ireland |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 6 |
| Goals scored | 13 (2.17 per match) |
| Top scorer(s) | Martin Chivers (3) |
|


title: 1912 Boston Braves season

abstract: The 1912 Boston Braves season was the 42nd season of the franchise. Team owner William Hepburn Russell died after the 1911 season and his stock was bought up by a group including Tammany Hall alderman James Gaffney and former baseball manager John Montgomery Ward. The team was renamed the Boston Braves after the Sachems, also known as "Braves", of Tammany Hall.

text:
# 1912 Boston Braves season

The **1912 Boston Braves season** was the 42nd season of the franchise. Team owner William Hepburn Russell died after the 1911 season and his stock was bought up by a group including Tammany Hall alderman James Gaffney and former baseball manager John Montgomery Ward. The team was renamed the **Boston Braves** after the Sachems, also known as "Braves", of Tammany Hall.

## Regular season

### Season standings

National League
| Team |  |  | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| New York Giants | 103 | 48 | .682 |  | 4925 | 5423 |
| Pittsburgh Pirates | 93 | 58 | .616 | 10 | 4431 | 4927 |
| Chicago Cubs | 91 | 59 | .607 | 11½ | 4630 | 4529 |
| Cincinnati Reds | 75 | 78 | .490 | 29 | 4532 | 3046 |
| Philadelphia Phillies | 73 | 79 | .480 | 30½ | 3441 | 3938 |
| St. Louis Cardinals | 63 | 90 | .412 | 41 | 3740 | 2650 |
| Brooklyn Trolley Dodgers | 58 | 95 | .379 | 46 | 3343 | 2552 |
| Boston Braves | 52 | 101 | .340 | 52 | 3147 | 2154 |

### Record vs. opponents

| <br>Sources: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | BOS | BR | CHC | CIN | NYG | PHI | PIT | STL |
| Boston |  | 9–13 | 5–17 | 11–11 | 3–18–1 | 10–12 | 4–18–1 | 10–12 |
| Brooklyn | 13–9 |  | 5–17 | 6–16 | 6–16 | 9–13 | 8–14 | 11–10 |
| Chicago | 17–5 | 17–5 |  | 11–10–1 | 13–9–1 | 10–10 | 8–13 | 15–7 |
| Cincinnati | 11–11 | 16–6 | 10–11–1 |  | 6–16–1 | 8–14 | 11–11 | 13–9 |
| New York | 18–3–1 | 16–6 | 9–13–1 | 16–6–1 |  | 17–5 | 12–8 | 15–7 |
| Philadelphia | 12–10 | 13–9 | 10–10 | 14–8 | 5–17 |  | 8–14 | 11–11 |
| Pittsburgh | 18–4–1 | 14–8 | 13–8 | 11–11 | 8–12 | 14–8 |  | 15–7 |
| St. Louis | 12–10 | 10–11 | 7–15 | 9–13 | 7–15 | 11–11 | 7–15 |  |

### Notable transactions

### Roster

| 1912 Boston Braves | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Roster** | | | | | | | | | |
| **Pitchers** |  | **Catchers** **Infielders** |  | **Outfielders** **Other batters** |  | **Manager** |

## Player stats

### Batting

#### Starters by position

*Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Pos | Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C | Bill Rariden | 79 | 247 | 55 | .223 | 1 | 16 |
| 1B | Ben Houser | 108 | 332 | 95 | .286 | 8 | 59 |
| 2B | Bill Sweeney | 153 | 593 | 204 | .344 | 1 | 99 |
| SS | Frank O'Rourke | 61 | 196 | 24 | .122 | 0 | 15 |
| 3B | Ed McDonald | 121 | 459 | 119 | .259 | 2 | 33 |
| OF | John Titus | 96 | 345 | 112 | .325 | 2 | 48 |
| OF | Vin Campbell | 145 | 624 | 185 | .296 | 3 | 52 |
| OF | George Jackson | 110 | 397 | 104 | .262 | 4 | 51 |

#### Other batters

*Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Art Devlin | 124 | 436 | 126 | .289 | 0 | 57 |
| Jay Kirke | 103 | 359 | 115 | .320 | 4 | 62 |
| Johnny Kling | 81 | 252 | 80 | .317 | 2 | 29 |
| Doc Miller | 51 | 201 | 47 | .234 | 2 | 24 |
| Al Bridwell | 31 | 106 | 25 | .236 | 0 | 16 |
| Hank Gowdy | 44 | 96 | 26 | .271 | 3 | 9 |
| Harry Spratt | 27 | 89 | 23 | .258 | 3 | 12 |
| Rabbit Maranville | 26 | 86 | 18 | .209 | 0 | 8 |
| Al Kaiser | 4 | 13 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 0 |
| Joe Schultz | 4 | 12 | 3 | .250 | 0 | 3 |
| Dave Shean | 4 | 10 | 3 | .300 | 0 | 3 |
| Gil Whitehouse | 2 | 3 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 0 |
| Mike González | 1 | 2 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 0 |
| Bill Jones | 3 | 2 | 1 | .500 | 0 | 0 |
| Art Schwind | 1 | 2 | 1 | .500 | 0 | 0 |

### Pitching

#### Starting pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Lefty Tyler | 42 | 256.1 | 12 | 22 | 4.18 | 144 |
| Otto Hess | 33 | 254.0 | 12 | 17 | 3.76 | 80 |
| Hub Perdue | 37 | 249.0 | 13 | 16 | 3.80 | 101 |
| Buster Brown | 31 | 168.1 | 4 | 15 | 4.01 | 68 |

#### Other pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Walt Dickson | 36 | 189.0 | 3 | 19 | 3.86 | 47 |
| Ed Donnelly | 37 | 184.1 | 5 | 10 | 4.35 | 67 |
| Rube Kroh | 3 | 6.1 | 0 | 0 | 5.68 | 1 |
| Al Mattern | 2 | 6.1 | 0 | 1 | 7.11 | 3 |

#### Relief pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | W | L | SV | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Brad Hogg | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6.97 | 12 |
| Bill McTigue | 10 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5.45 | 17 |
| Steve White | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.00 | 2 |
| Hank Griffin | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27.00 | 0 |
| King Brady | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20.25 | 0 |
| Bill Brady | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 |

## InfoBox

| 1912 Boston Braves | |
| --- | --- |
| League | National League |
| Ballpark | South End Grounds |
| City | Boston, Massachusetts |
| Record | 52–101 (.340) |
| League place | 8th |
| Owners | James Gaffney, John Montgomery Ward |
| Managers | Johnny Kling |
|  | |


title: English pewter

abstract: While the term pewter covers a range of tin-based alloys, the term English pewter has come to represent a strictly-controlled alloy, specified by BSEN611-1 and British Standard 5140, consisting mainly of tin, with the balance made up of antimony and copper. Significantly, it is free of lead and nickel. Although the exact percentages vary between manufacturers, a typical standard for present-day pewter is approximately 91% tin, 7.5% antimony and 1.5% copper. By the 15th century, the Worshipful Company of Pewterers controlled pewter constituents in England. This company originally had two grades of pewter, but in the 16th century a third grade was added. The first type, known as "fine metal", was used for tableware. It consisted of tin with as much copper as it could absorb, which is about 1%. The second type, known as "trifling metal" or "trifle", was used for holloware. It is made up of fine metal with approximately 4% lead. The last type of pewter, known as "lay" or "ley" metal, was used for items that were not in contact with food or drink. It consisted of tin with 15% lead. These three alloys were used, with little variation, until the 20th century. Lead was removed from the composition in 1974, by BS5140, reinforced by the European directive BSEN611 in 1994. Until the end of the 18th century, the only method of manufacture was by casting and the soldering of components. From the last quarter of the 18th century, improvement in alloys and techniques allowed objects to be made from pewter by stamping and spinning.

text:
# English pewter

While the term pewter covers a range of tin-based alloys, the term **English pewter** has come to represent a strictly-controlled alloy, specified by BSEN611-1 and British Standard 5140, consisting mainly of tin (ideally 92%), with the balance made up of antimony and copper. Significantly, it is free of lead and nickel. Although the exact percentages vary between manufacturers, a typical standard for present-day pewter is approximately 91% tin, 7.5% antimony and 1.5% copper.

By the 15th century, the Worshipful Company of Pewterers controlled pewter constituents in England. This company originally had two grades of pewter, but in the 16th century a third grade was added. The first type, known as "fine metal", was used for tableware. It consisted of tin with as much copper as it could absorb, which is about 1%. The second type, known as "trifling metal" or "trifle", was used for holloware. It is made up of fine metal with approximately 4% lead. The last type of pewter, known as "lay" or "ley" metal, was used for items that were not in contact with food or drink. It consisted of tin with 15% lead. These three alloys were used, with little variation, until the 20th century.

Lead was removed from the composition in 1974, by BS5140, reinforced by the European directive BSEN611 in 1994.

Until the end of the 18th century, the only method of manufacture was by casting and the soldering of components. From the last quarter of the 18th century, improvement in alloys (e.g. britannia metal) and techniques allowed objects to be made from pewter by stamping and spinning.

* Hull, Charles (1992), *Pewter*, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 978-0-7478-0152-8.


title: Arturo Soria y Mata

abstract: Arturo Soria y Mata (1844-1920) was an internationally important Spanish urban planner whose work remains highly inspirational today. He is most well known for his concept of the Linear City. He studied the civil engineer career, but he didn't finish it. Arturo Soria y Mata's idea of the Linear City (1882) replaced the traditional idea of the city as a centre and a periphery with the idea of constructing linear sections of infrastructure - roads, railways, gas, water, etc.- along an optimal line and then attaching the other components of the city along the length of this line. As compared to the concentric diagrams of Ebenezer Howard and other in the same period, Soria's linear city creates the infrastructure for a controlled process of expansion that joins one growing city to the next in a rational way, instead of letting them both sprawl. The linear city was meant to ‘ruralize the city and urbanize the countryside’, and to be universally applicable as a ring around existing cities, as a strip connecting two cities, or as an entirely new linear town across an unurbanized region.

text:
# Arturo Soria y Mata

**Arturo Soria y Mata** (1844-1920) was an internationally important Spanish urban planner whose work remains highly inspirational today. He is most well known for his concept of the Linear City (exemplified in Madrid's Ciudad Lineal). He studied the civil engineer career (Ingeniero de Caminos), but he didn't finish it.

Arturo Soria y Mata's idea of the Linear City (1882) replaced the traditional idea of the city as a centre and a periphery with the idea of constructing linear sections of infrastructure - roads, railways, gas, water, etc.- along an optimal line and then attaching the other components of the city along the length of this line. As compared to the concentric diagrams of Ebenezer Howard and other in the same period, Soria's linear city creates the infrastructure for a controlled process of expansion that joins one growing city to the next in a rational way, instead of letting them both sprawl. The linear city was meant to ‘ruralize the city and urbanize the countryside’, and to be universally applicable as a ring around existing cities, as a strip connecting two cities, or as an entirely new linear town across an unurbanized region.

## InfoBox

| Arturo Soria y Mata | |
| --- | --- |
| Arturo Soria (c. 1914). | |
| Born | (1844-12-15)December 15, 1844
Madrid |
| Died | November 6, 1920(1920-11-06) (aged 75)
Madrid |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Occupation | Architect |
|  | |
| Projects | *Linear city* (1892) |
|  | |


title: Evil Dead (soundtrack)

abstract: Evil Dead is the soundtrack to the 2013 film Evil Dead directed by Fede Álvarez and featured musical score composed by Roque Baños. The film is the fourth instalment in the Evil Dead franchise and a "reimagining" of Sam Raimi's The Evil Dead (1981).

text:
# Evil Dead (soundtrack)

***Evil Dead (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)*** is the soundtrack to the 2013 film *Evil Dead* directed by Fede Álvarez and featured musical score composed by Roque Baños. The film is the fourth instalment in the *Evil Dead* franchise and a "reimagining" of Sam Raimi's *The Evil Dead* (1981).

## Development

*Evil Dead* is Baños' first score for an American feature film; being a fan of the first three films of the *Evil Dead* franchise, he contacted Álvarez through Facebook who accepted his request and eventually agreed on his involvement to score music for the film. After convincing the producers, by using one of Baños' pre-existing composition for the edit, the makers agreed to have him on board. Baños found it as a risky process for producing a fresh score for a remake as he had to introduce new thematic ideas, but also revisit on the classical sounds produced by Joseph LoDuca for the 1981 film, with more contemporary language presenting a fresh orchestral texture. Baños eventually conducted a huge orchestra to expand the film's gothic nature. Álvarez and Baños wanted to bring the scariest music possible based on the degree of horror being very extreme, he did not find it to be over-the-top. As a result of scoring the film, Baños recalled that he had nightmares for two weeks after finishing the film's music and had to close his eyes several times during that period; he found the score to be scarier than his prior horror film compositions.

## Critical reception

Gregory Heaney of *AllMusic* wrote "although not as fun or inventive as Joseph LoDuca's score for the original, Baños' version is a fitting soundtrack to the film's slick reimagining." Mike Gencarelli of Media Mikes wrote "*Evil Dead* takes the cake and kicks that score in the balls". Michael Gingold of *Fangoria* found it to be "genuinely frightening". Joe Leydon of *Variety* and Manohla Dargis of *The New York Times* also described it to be "thrilling" and "nerve-jangling".

## Track listing

The original score was released through La-La Land Records digitally on April 9, 2013, four days after the film. A physical CD version of the album with the cues different from that of the digital version was released on April 23.

*Evil Dead (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)* digital track listing
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "I'll Rip Your Soul Out" (extended) | 5:28 |
| 2. | "Sad Memories" | 5:21 |
| 3. | "Finding the Book" | 2:09 |
| 4. | "Demon Possession" | 2:23 |
| 5. | "She Tried to Kill Me" | 2:31 |
| 6. | "He Won't Let You Out" | 2:45 |
| 7. | "Three Ways of Saving Her Soul" | 4:01 |
| 8. | "I'll Do What I Gotta Do" | 5:09 |
| 9. | "Come Back to Me" | 3:01 |
| 10. | "Abominations Rising" | 6:56 |
| 11. | "The Pendant / Evil Tango" | 3:20 |
| Total length: | | 43:04 |

*Evil Dead (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)* physical track listing
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "I'll Rip Your Soul Out" | 4:50 |
| 2. | "Sad Memories" | 5:21 |
| 3. | "Don't Say It, Don't Write It, Don't Hear It" | 4:42 |
| 4. | "Demon Possession" (Extended) | 4:21 |
| 5. | "Get Me Out of Here" | 5:24 |
| 6. | "He Won't Let You Out" | 2:45 |
| 7. | "Bloody Kiss" | 2:23 |
| 8. | "Three Ways of Saving Her Soul" | 4:01 |
| 9. | "Natalie Hunting" | 5:34 |
| 10. | "I'll Do What I Gotta Do" (Extended) | 8:42 |
| 11. | "Come Back to Me" | 3:01 |
| 12. | "He's Coming" | 3:21 |
| 13. | "Abominations Rising" | 6:56 |
| 14. | "The Pendant / Evil Tango" | 3:20 |
| 15. | "The Evil Dead Main Theme" | 1:41 |
| 16. | "Come Back to Me" (Alternate) | 2:01 |
| Total length: | | 68:23 |

## Accolades

It has been shortlisted as one among the 114 contenders for Academy Award for Best Original Score at the 86th Academy Awards.

Accolades for *Evil Dead (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)*
| Year | Award | Category | Recipient | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 | International Film Music Critics Association | Best Original Score for a Fantasy/Science Fiction/Horror Film | Roque Baños | Won |
| | | Film Music Composition of the Year | Roque Baños for the composition track "Abominations Rising" | Won |
| | | Film Score of the Year | Roque Baños | Nominated |

## InfoBox

| Evil Dead (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Film score by Roque Baños | |
| Released | April 9, 2013 |
| Genre | Film score |
| Length | 43:04 (digital)
68:23 (CD) |
| Label | La-La Land Records |
|  | |
| Roque Baños chronology | |
| *The Oxford Murders*
(2008) ***Evil Dead***
(2013) *Oldboy*
(2013) | |
|  | |


title: Aurora (2018 Filipino film)

abstract: Aurora is a 2018 Philippine horror thriller film written and directed by Yam Laranas and starring Anne Curtis. It serves as an official entry to the 2018 Metro Manila Film Festival and marks Curtis' third and last film of 2018, following her box-office hits Sid & Aya: Not a Love Story and BuyBust. The film is inspired by the 1987 disaster of MV Doña Paz's collision with MT Vector.

text:
# Aurora (2018 Filipino film)

***Aurora*** is a 2018 Philippine horror thriller film written and directed by Yam Laranas and starring Anne Curtis. It serves as an official entry to the 2018 Metro Manila Film Festival and marks Curtis' third and last film of 2018, following her box-office hits *Sid & Aya: Not a Love Story* and *BuyBust*. The film is inspired by the 1987 disaster of MV *Doña Paz'*s collision with MT *Vector*.

## Premise

The story follows Leana (Curtis) who lives peacefully in the island with her younger sister Rita. Everything changes when a ship named *Aurora* crashes near their vicinity. Rita has an ability to see dead people, but every time she sees them, disastrous and catastrophic events occur. Leana must then protect the young girl at any cost before it is too late. The film was partially inspired by the sinking of the Philippines' MV *Doña Paz*.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Aurora | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Yam Laranas |
| Screenplay by | * Yam Laranas * Gin de Mesa |
| Story by | Gin de Mesa |
| Produced by | * Vic del Rosario Jr. * Vincent Paolo Fernandez |
| Starring | Anne Curtis |
| Cinematography | Yam Laranas |
| Edited by | * Yam Laranas * Rico Testa |
| Music by | Oscar Fogelström |
| Production<br>companies |  |
| Distributed by | Viva Films |
| Release dates |  |
| Running time | 99–110 minutes |
| Country | Philippines |
| Language | Filipino |
| Budget | ₱3 million |
| Box office | ₱107 million |


title: 1972–73 Bundesliga

abstract: The 1972–73 Bundesliga was the tenth season of the Bundesliga, West Germany's premier football league. It began on 16 September 1972 and ended on 9 June 1973. FC Bayern Munich were the defending champions.

text:
# 1972–73 Bundesliga

The **1972–73 Bundesliga** was the tenth season of the Bundesliga, West Germany's premier football league. It began on 16 September 1972 and ended on 9 June 1973. FC Bayern Munich were the defending champions.

## Competition modus

Every team played two games against each other team, one at home and one away. Teams received two points for a win and one point for a draw. If two or more teams were tied on points, places were determined by goal difference and, if still tied, by goals scored. The team with the most points were crowned champions while the two teams with the fewest points were relegated to their respective Regionalliga divisions.

## Team changes to 1971–72

Borussia Dortmund were relegated to the Regionalliga after finishing in 17th place. They were accompanied by Arminia Bielefeld, who were demoted by the DFB for playing a key role in the 1971 match fixing scandal (although their playing record would have relegated them anyway). Both teams were replaced by Wuppertaler SV and Kickers Offenbach, who won their respective promotion play-off groups.

## Season overview

## Team overview

Hertha BSCBochumBraunschweigBremenMSV        DüsseldorfFrankfurtHamburgHannoverKaiserslauternKölnMGLBayern
RWO        Offenbach
SchalkeStuttgartWuppertalclass=notpageimage|Location of teams in Bundesliga 1972–73

| Club | Ground | Capacity |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hertha BSC Berlin | Olympiastadion | 100,000 |
| VfL Bochum | Ruhrstadion | 40,000 |
| Eintracht Braunschweig | Eintracht-Stadion | 38,000 |
| SV Werder Bremen | Weserstadion | 32,000 |
| MSV Duisburg | Wedaustadion | 38,500 |
| Fortuna Düsseldorf | Rheinstadion | 59,600 |
| Eintracht Frankfurt | Waldstadion | 87,000 |
| Hamburger SV | Volksparkstadion | 80,000 |
| Hannover 96 | Niedersachsenstadion | 86,000 |
| 1. FC Kaiserslautern | Stadion Betzenberg | 42,000 |
| 1. FC Köln | Radrennbahn Müngersdorf | 29,000 |
| Borussia Mönchengladbach | Bökelbergstadion | 34,500 |
| FC Bayern Munich | Olympiastadion | 70,000 |
| | Stadion an der Grünwalder Straße | 44,300 |
| Rot-Weiß Oberhausen | Niederrheinstadion | 30,000 |
| Kickers Offenbach | Bieberer Berg | 30,000 |
| FC Schalke 04 | Glückauf-Kampfbahn | 35,000 |
| VfB Stuttgart | Neckarstadion | 53,000 |
| Wuppertaler SV | Stadion am Zoo | 28,000 |

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Bayern Munich (C) | 34 | 25 | 4 | 5 | 93 | 29 | +64 | 54 | Qualification to European Cup first round |
| 2 | 1. FC Köln | 34 | 16 | 11 | 7 | 66 | 51 | +15 | 43 | Qualification to UEFA Cup first round |
| 3 | Fortuna Düsseldorf | 34 | 15 | 12 | 7 | 62 | 45 | +17 | | 42 |
| 4 | Wuppertaler SV | 34 | 15 | 10 | 9 | 62 | 49 | +13 | | 40 |
| 5 | Borussia Mönchengladbach | 34 | 17 | 5 | 12 | 82 | 61 | +21 | 39 | Qualification to Cup Winners' Cup first round |
| 6 | VfB Stuttgart | 34 | 17 | 3 | 14 | 71 | 65 | +6 | 37 | Qualification to UEFA Cup first round |
| 7 | Kickers Offenbach | 34 | 14 | 7 | 13 | 61 | 60 | +1 | 35 |  |
| 8 | Eintracht Frankfurt | 34 | 15 | 4 | 15 | 58 | 54 | +4 | | 34 |
| 9 | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | 34 | 12 | 10 | 12 | 58 | 68 | 10 | | 34 |
| 10 | MSV Duisburg | 34 | 12 | 9 | 13 | 53 | 54 | 1 | | 33 |
| 11 | Werder Bremen | 34 | 12 | 7 | 15 | 50 | 52 | 2 | | 31 |
| 12 | VfL Bochum | 34 | 11 | 9 | 14 | 50 | 68 | 18 | | 31 |
| 13 | Hertha BSC | 34 | 11 | 8 | 15 | 53 | 64 | 11 | | 30 |
| 14 | Hamburger SV | 34 | 10 | 8 | 16 | 53 | 59 | 6 | | 28 |
| 15 | Schalke 04 | 34 | 10 | 8 | 16 | 46 | 61 | 15 | | 28 |
| 16 | Hannover 96 | 34 | 9 | 8 | 17 | 49 | 65 | 16 | | 26 |
| 17 | Eintracht Braunschweig (R) | 34 | 9 | 7 | 18 | 33 | 56 | 23 | 25 | Relegation to Regionalliga |
| 18 | Rot-Weiß Oberhausen (R) | 34 | 9 | 4 | 21 | 45 | 84 | 39 | | 22 |

Source: www.dfb.de
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (R) Relegated
Notes:

## Results

| Home \ Away | BSC | BOC | EBS | SVW | DUI | F95 | SGE | HSV | H96 | FCK | KOE | BMG | FCB | RWO | KOF | S04 | VFB | WSV |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hertha BSC |  | 2–0 | 3–0 | 2–1 | 0–0 | 2–3 | 3–1 | 2–1 | 2–1 | 4–1 | 1–1 | 3–1 | 2–5 | 3–1 | 2–5 | 3–0 | 5–1 | 0–1 |
| VfL Bochum | 2–1 |  | 2–2 | 2–0 | 2–1 | 2–2 | 2–1 | 3–3 | 2–0 | 3–0 | 2–4 | 3–0 | 0–2 | 2–2 | 2–3 | 2–0 | 3–1 | 2–2 |
| Eintracht Braunschweig | 2–1 | 0–2 |  | 1–0 | 1–1 | 1–2 | 2–1 | 1–1 | 3–2 | 0–0 | 2–0 | 0–0 | 0–2 | 3–1 | 2–2 | 1–1 | 1–0 | 0–1 |
| Werder Bremen | 1–1 | 5–2 | 4–2 |  | 0–2 | 1–3 | 2–0 | 1–4 | 3–1 | 5–1 | 2–1 | 1–1 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 0–0 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 0–1 |
| MSV Duisburg | 2–1 | 0–1 | 3–2 | 1–2 |  | 0–0 | 2–1 | 3–0 | 3–1 | 3–4 | 1–1 | 2–2 | 2–0 | 4–1 | 4–0 | 0–1 | 0–1 | 0–0 |
| Fortuna Düsseldorf | 3–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 2–1 | 2–1 |  | 2–2 | 2–2 | 0–1 | 2–1 | 3–2 | 1–3 | 0–0 | 3–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 6–1 | 2–1 |
| Eintracht Frankfurt | 2–2 | 4–1 | 1–0 | 2–2 | 1–3 | 2–1 |  | 2–1 | 2–0 | 3–1 | 5–0 | 3–0 | 2–1 | 2–1 | 0–3 | 4–2 | 2–1 | 2–1 |
| Hamburger SV | 4–0 | 2–1 | 1–0 | 2–2 | 1–2 | 2–1 | 3–1 |  | 2–0 | 2–2 | 0–0 | 1–3 | 0–2 | 6–0 | 1–0 | 0–1 | 2–0 | 2–2 |
| Hannover 96 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 2–1 | 2–2 | 3–3 | 2–2 | 2–1 | 3–2 |  | 2–3 | 0–0 | 1–2 | 1–3 | 3–2 | 1–1 | 1–0 | 3–1 | 1–1 |
| 1. FC Kaiserslautern | 2–2 | 2–2 | 3–0 | 3–1 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 0–1 | 2–2 | 2–1 |  | 2–1 | 3–1 | 3–1 | 6–2 | 3–1 | 2–0 | 2–1 | 1–1 |
| 1. FC Köln | 4–0 | 2–1 | 4–3 | 1–0 | 3–1 | 1–0 | 3–1 | 2–1 | 3–3 | 2–0 |  | 3–1 | 2–1 | 3–1 | 1–1 | 3–0 | 5–1 | 1–1 |
| Borussia Mönchengladbach | 2–2 | 6–0 | 4–0 | 3–1 | 4–3 | 2–3 | 0–2 | 6–1 | 3–1 | 6–2 | 5–2 |  | 0–3 | 4–1 | 3–2 | 4–1 | 3–4 | 2–1 |
| Bayern Munich | 4–0 | 5–1 | 3–0 | 2–1 | 2–0 | 3–2 | 3–1 | 1–0 | 7–2 | 6–0 | 1–1 | 3–0 |  | 5–3 | 3–1 | 5–0 | 5–1 | 4–1 |
| Rot-Weiß Oberhausen | 2–1 | 1–1 | 0–1 | 2–3 | 4–0 | 0–3 | 1–0 | 3–1 | 1–0 | 3–1 | 2–2 | 1–3 | 0–5 |  | 2–1 | 2–1 | 2–2 | 2–1 |
| Kickers Offenbach | 0–0 | 4–0 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 4–1 | 1–1 | 3–2 | 2–1 | 2–1 | 2–2 | 2–3 | 2–1 | 0–3 | 4–0 |  | 2–0 | 1–3 | 3–1 |
| Schalke 04 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 0–1 | 1–2 | 1–1 | 3–1 | 3–2 | 2–0 | 3–1 | 2–2 | 2–2 | 2–2 | 1–1 | 3–0 | 6–1 |  | 2–0 | 1–2 |
| VfB Stuttgart | 4–0 | 4–0 | 4–0 | 2–1 | 3–4 | 2–2 | 2–2 | 2–1 | 2–0 | 3–1 | 3–1 | 3–0 | 0–1 | 3–0 | 4–2 | 6–2 |  | 4–2 |
| Wuppertaler SV | 4–1 | 3–0 | 2–1 | 1–1 | 5–0 | 1–1 | 1–0 | 5–1 | 0–4 | 2–0 | 2–2 | 0–5 | 1–1 | 3–1 | 4–3 | 4–1 | 4–0 |  |

Source: DFB
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.
Notes: 1. The Eintracht Braunschweig v Eintracht Frankfurt match from 31 October 1972 was suspended after 45 minutes (half-time) and a score of 3–0 due to poor visibility caused by heavy fog. The replay took place on 28 November 1972 and finished with a score of 2–1.

## Top goalscorers

36 goals 28 goals 21 goals 19 goals 18 goals 17 goals 16 goals 14 goals

## Champion squad

| FC Bayern Munich |
| --- |
| **Goalkeeper:** Sepp Maier (34).
**Defenders:** Franz Beckenbauer (34 / 6); Johnny Hansen  (34 / 1); Hans-Georg Schwarzenbeck (34 / 1); Paul Breitner (32 / 4); Gernot Rohr (3); Günther Rybarczyk (2).
**Midfielders:** Uli Hoeneß (34 / 17); Franz Roth (32 / 5); Franz Krauthausen (29 / 4); Rainer Zobel (28 / 2).
**Forwards:** Gerd Müller (33 / 36); Bernd Dürnberger (31 / 3); Wilhelm Hoffmann (24 / 9); Edgar Schneider (16 / 3); Hans Jörg (3); Herbert Zimmermann (1).
*(league appearances and goals listed in brackets)*
**Manager:** Udo Lattek.
**On the roster but have not played in a league game:** Manfred Seifert; Zlatko Škorić ; Matthias Obermeier; Georg Weiß; Wolfgang Sühnholz; Martin Wildgruber. |

1. "Schedule Round 1". DFB.
2. "Archive 1972/1973 Round 34". DFB. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011.
3. Grüne, Hardy (2001). *Enzyklopädie des deutschen Ligafußballs, Band 7: Vereinslexikon* (in German). Kassel: AGON Sportverlag. ISBN 3-89784-147-9.
4. "Eintracht Braunschweig – Eintracht Frankfurt 3:0, 1. Bundesliga, Saison 1972/73, 10. Spieltag" \[Eintracht Braunschweig – Eintracht Frankfurt 3–0, 1. Bundesliga, 1972–73 season, matchday 10\]. *kicker* (in German). Retrieved 31 March 2018.

## InfoBox

Bundesliga
| Season | 1972–73 |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 16 September 1972 – 9 June 1973 |
| Champions | Bayern Munich
3rd Bundesliga title
4th German title |
| Relegated | Eintracht Braunschweig
Rot-Weiß Oberhausen |
| European Cup | FC Bayern Munich |
| Cup Winners' Cup | Borussia Mönchengladbach |
| UEFA Cup | 1. FC Köln
Fortuna Düsseldorf
Wuppertaler SV
VfB Stuttgart |
| Goals scored | 1,031 |
| Average goals/game | 3.37 |
| Top goalscorer | Gerd Müller (36) |
| Biggest home win | M'gladbach 6–0 Bochum (23 February 1973)
Hamburg 6–0 Oberhausen (28 April 1973)
FC Bayern 6–0 K'lautern (5 May 1973) |
| Biggest away win | Oberhausen 0–5 FC Bayern (16 September 1972)
Wuppertal 0–5 M'gladbach (5 May 1973) |
| Highest scoring | FC Bayern 7–2 Hannover (9 goals) (11 November 1972) |
| 1971–72 1973–74 | |


title: Ensign of the United States

abstract: The ensign of the United States is the flag of the United States when worn as an ensign. International maritime law—see International Treaty on Law of the Sea, articles 91 and 92—provides that vessels have a "national character" and thus should display a flag (ensign) that corresponds to this national character, especially when in international or foreign waters. Vessels that are formally documented under the federal vessel documentation act, vessels owned by government bodies in the United States, and vessels in the U.S. military unquestionably have U.S. national character, and thus properly hoist a U.S. ensign to show their national character. Vessels that are numbered by the states and small, non-registered craft owned by U.S. citizens and not registered in other countries may also hoist a U.S. ensign to show their national character. The U.S. Yacht Ensign is often used in place of the national flag by U.S. pleasure craft when operating within U.S. waters; this flag was legally required for licensed yachts from 1848 to 1980, and the practice continues among all U.S. pleasure craft in U.S. waters by longstanding historical use and custom. Additionally, a few smaller pleasure craft operated by members of the United States Power Squadrons will fly the U.S. Power Squadrons flag as an ensign in inland waters in lieu of the national flag. All vessels of U.S. national character should display the national ensign when operating in international and non-U.S. waters.

text:
# Ensign of the United States

The **ensign of the United States** is the flag of the United States when worn as an ensign (a type of maritime flag identifying nationality, usually flown from the stern of a ship or boat, or from an installation or facility of the United States Navy, United States Marine Corps, United States Coast Guard or the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration ashore). International maritime law—see International Treaty on Law of the Sea, articles 91 and 92—provides that vessels have a "national character" and thus should display a flag (ensign) that corresponds to this national character, especially when in international or foreign waters. Vessels that are formally documented under the federal vessel documentation act, vessels owned by government bodies in the United States, and vessels in the U.S. military unquestionably have U.S. national character, and thus properly hoist a U.S. ensign to show their national character. Vessels that are numbered by the states (see 46 USC section 411) and small, non-registered craft owned by U.S. citizens and not registered in other countries may also hoist a U.S. ensign to show their national character.

The U.S. Yacht Ensign (a variation of the national ensign; see below) is often used in place of the national flag by U.S. pleasure craft when operating within U.S. waters; this flag was legally required for licensed yachts from 1848 to 1980, and the practice continues among all U.S. pleasure craft in U.S. waters by longstanding historical use and custom. Additionally, a few smaller pleasure craft operated by members of the United States Power Squadrons will fly the U.S. Power Squadrons flag as an ensign in inland waters in lieu of the national flag (see below). All vessels of U.S. national character should display the national ensign when operating in international and non-U.S. waters.

## Military ensigns

### The naval ensign and its first salute

The Grand Union Flag, referred to as the "Flag of America," was the *de facto* naval ensign of the United States until June 14, 1777, when the 13 star flag was adopted by Congress. It was first hoisted aboard Commodore Esek Hopkins' flagship *Alfred* on the Delaware River by Lieutenant John Paul Jones on December 3, 1775.

The current "Stars and Stripes" design was first adopted when the Second Continental Congress passed the Flag Resolution of June 14, 1777: "*Resolved,* That the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new constellation." Subsequent flag acts have revised the design as new states joined the union.

Denmark and the Netherlands were the first countries to salute the Grand Union flag, when gun salutes by U.S. ships were returned by officials in the West Indies in late 1776: on Danish St. Croix in October, and on Dutch St. Eustatius in November. (Though later, the better documented St. Eustatius incident involving the USS *Andrew Doria* is traditionally regarded as the "first salute".) France was the first country to salute the Stars and Stripes, when a fleet off the French mainland returned a gun salute by Captain John Paul Jones commanding USS *Ranger* on February 14, 1778.

In the 19th century the ensigns were quite large; the biggest ensign in 1870 measured 19 by 36 feet (5.8 by 11.0 m). By the early 20th century, as warships took on distinctive forms and could no longer be easily mistaken for merchantmen at a distance, ensigns began to shrink and today are a fraction of their earlier size — the largest ensign for daily use on ships is now 5 by 9.5 feet (1.5 by 2.9 m).

During the 19th century, for its smaller-sized ensigns, the U.S. Navy used a 13-star flag which became known as "boat flag" due to its predominant use on boats (i.e., launches, gigs and tenders). The Navy appears to have started this practice in the 1850s and is formally documented in the Navy Regulations of 1864. The reason for the lesser number of stars was so that the stars in a smaller size flag would have greater visibility at a distance. Because they flew smaller-sized ensigns, the U.S. Navy's first submarines and destroyers in the early 20th century also used the 13-star ensigns. In 1912, President President Taft formally recognized the Navy's longstanding use of the 13-star ensign in Executive Order 1637, which defined the flag's precise dimensions. The "boat flags'" formal recognition lasted just four more years however, as President Wilson acting through Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels discontinued the practice in 1916 with Executive Order 2390, after which all ensigns were supposed to have the full complement of stars. However, some of the flags remained in the supply system until the 1950s.

### Coast Guard Ensign and the Customs Ensign

The United States Coast Guard flies a unique ensign to show that it has the authority to stop, board, examine, and seize vessels. The U.S. Customs Service flies a very similar flag, but it lacks the badge in the fly. These flags have their origins in a flag that was created in 1799 that was, at that time, intended to be used as an ensign and was in fact so used (i.e., a full standing flag of national character). Today, these two flags are called "ensigns" but they are flown in conjunction with, and subordinate to, the U.S. national ensign on Coast Guard and on Customs vessels. Most small craft operated by the U.S. Coast Guard routinely display both the national ensign and Coast Guard Ensign.

These two present-day flags had their origins in a flag that was designed by Secretary of the Treasury Oliver Wolcott Jr. for use by the Revenue-Marine in August 1799. On August 1, 1799, Wolcott Jr., issued an order announcing that in pursuance of authority from the President, the distinguishing ensign and pennant for the Revenue-Marine would consist of, "16 perpendicular stripes, alternate red and white, the union of the ensign to be the arms of the United States in a dark blue on a white field." This was done to avoid confusion of Treasury Department vessels with those of the United States Navy. From 1799 onwards, this flag was used as the national ensign for the Revenue-Marine (from 1894 known as the Revenue Cutter Service) and at the same time, was also flown over Customs Houses ashore. In 1895, 27 June, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury Charles Sumner Hamlin issued an order that United States Revenue Cutter Service vessels must henceforth carry the national ensign at the main-peak and the revenue service ensign at the fore-peak. In June 1910, however, President William H. Taft ordered that the plain ensign continue to be flown over Customs Houses ashore, and ordered that the Revenue Cutter Service add their department's emblem to the fly of the ensign in order to distinguish between the differing two branches. The order said: "By virtue of the authority vested in me under the provisions of Sec. 2764 of the revised Statutes, I hereby prescribe that the distinguishing flag now used by vessels of the Revenue Cutter Service be marked by the distinctive emblem of that service, in blue and white, placed on a line with the lower edge of the union, and over the center of the seventh vertical red stripe from the mast of said flag, the emblem to cover a horizontal space of three stripes. This change to be made as soon as practicable."

From 1910 onwards, the U.S. Customs Service has continued to use the plain version of the revenue ensign, while the Revenue Cutter Service (which in 1915 merged with the United States Life-Saving Service to form the Coast Guard) used the defaced version (version with the badge).

The U.S. Coast Guard inherited the "badged" version of the ensign in 1915 and, in 1927, the cutter badge was updated to use the Coast Guard's own emblem. The Coast Guard badge was slightly modified in 1966. The Coast Guard continues to use the "badged" or "defaced" version of the ensign, although it is now flown by Coast Guard cutters and facilities in conjunction with the U.S. national ensign, and not as a stand-alone ensign.

The design of both flags' (Customs and Coast Guard) cantons (i.e., the eagle and stars) was altered in 1951 to make them conform to "the arms of the United States," as was specified in Wolcott's original design statement in 1799.

## Civilian ensigns

### Striped merchant ensign

Information about early U.S. civil ensigns is scant, but there is evidence that at the time of the American Revolution some U.S. merchant ships flew a horizontally striped flag of 13 alternating red and white stripes. These flags with vertical stripes are similar to ones flown by the Sons of Liberty (Such ensigns may also have served as early U.S. naval jacks in conjunction with the Grand Union Flag used as a naval ensign.) In the early years of the United States, ensigns were not yet standardized, leading to number of known variations, such as the Serapis ensign used by John Paul Jones.

### Yacht ensign

A modification of the national flag and ensign but with a fouled anchor in a circle of thirteen stars in the canton, was created by Act of Congress in August 1848 as a flag to be used by licensed U.S. yachts. The design was recommended by the New York Yacht Club in 1849. Yachts eligible for the license were initially 20 net tons and over (later reduced to 15 net tons) and otherwise eligible to be enrolled as a U.S. vessel; the license allowed the yacht to proceed from port to port without the formality of clearing customs. The 1848 act used the word 'signal' to describe the flag that a licensed yacht would use to identify herself, and use of this flag was required by all licensed yachts ("All such licensed yachts shall use a signal of the form, size, and colors prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy."). The Secretary of the Navy approved a modification of "the American Ensign" as the signal, and Treasury Decision No. 2727 (March 24, 1876) issued by the Treasury Department confirmed that the flag was to be used as an ensign ("Licensed yachts are required by law to use the American ensign prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy."), and its use as an ensign was reiterated in Treasury Decision 9426 of June 11, 1889 (referring to the "yacht ensign"). While formally licensed yachts were legally required to fly this modification of the national ensign, unlicensed U.S. yachts also started flying this flag as their ensign, too, and eventually the U.S. Navy confirmed that it recognized this practice for all U.S. yachts. In 1939, the Secretary of the Navy approved the ruling of the Judge Advocate General of the Navy "...that a ship of the Navy should return a dip made by a yacht flying the yacht ensign and that the yacht ensign may properly be made the object of a hand salute to be rendered on boarding or leaving a yacht."

The legal requirement for licensed yachts to fly the Yacht Ensign that was part of United States statute (46 U.S.C. section 109) was repealed by the Vessel Documentation Act of 1980 (Public Law 96594), which removed several legal provisions pertaining to the by-then very rare category of "licensed yachts" and treated all documented recreational vessels the same. Nevertheless, owing to its long usage by all U.S. yachts, as well as the fact that the freedom-from-clearance privilege first extended to "licensed yachts" in 1848 had long since been extended to all U.S. pleasure craft regardless of whether they are federally documented or state numbered (see 19 U.S.C. sec. 1441), the yacht ensign is widely flown by many U.S. yachts and pleasure boats in U.S. waters today, continuing a tradition that dates back to the mid-nineteenth century. The states of Arkansas, Maryland, and Washington have each adopted flag protocols which provide that the U.S. ensign "and the U.S. Yacht Ensign, with a canton of 13 stars, are interchangeable on all types of recreational vessels while in national waters." Similarly, the United States Power Squadrons' guide to flags and flag etiquette, prepared in consultation with the Coast Guard, Coast Guard Auxiliary, New York Yacht Club, and others, provides that the Yacht Ensign may be flown as the ensign by U.S. recreational boats of all types and sizes instead of the national ensign in domestic waters, but that the ordinary national ensign should be worn in international or foreign waters.

### Power Squadrons ensign

The United States Power Squadrons (or USPS) is a non-profit educational organization whose mission is to improve maritime safety and enjoyability through classes in seamanship, navigation, and other related subjects. In 1914, it adopted its own flag, which was then patented in 1916. This flag may be worn as a signal flag on the signal hoist, typically in the starboard rigging. Despite its name and the original intent of its designers, it was never recognized by the U.S. government or navy as a national ensign; however, some smaller boats will wear this flag in place of a national ensign, usually because they lack a mast and do not operate outside home waters. The U.S. Power Squadrons manual of flag etiquette states, "The preferred location for flying the USPS ensign is the starboard yardarm or spreader halyard. It may be worn there day and night."

## State Maritime Flags

In April 1776, the Massachusetts Navy adopted, as its flag, a white field charged with a green pine tree and the motto "An Appeal to Heaven." In 1971 the motto was removed, and the flag was designated "the naval and maritime flag of the Commonwealth".

Maine also has a separate ensign, which is rarely seen. It features symbols from the current flag and the older one, with a white field and green pine tree. The green pine tree has the seaman's anchor, and the words "MAINE" and "DIRIGO" around it. *Dirigo* (Latin "I direct" or "I lead") is the state motto of Maine.

Massachusetts and Maine are the only two states with their own maritime flags. These flags are not "ensigns" in the true sense of the word because they are not flags of national character, and are not used as such; instead, they are special versions of the state flag for use afloat. The state laws that create them do not use the term "ensign" to describe them, but use the term "flag". The Massachusetts law describes the flag as “The naval and maritime flag of the commonwealth,” Mass. Gen. Laws Ann. ch. 2, § 3, while Maine's state law says: “The flag to be known as the merchant and marine flag of the State shall be of white, at the top of which in blue letters shall be the motto “Dirigo”; beneath the motto shall be the representation of a pine tree in green color” Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 1, § 207. Although these flags are intended for use afloat, they are not ensigns and should not be called such.

## InfoBox

United States of America
|
|  |
|  | |
| Other names | The Stars and Stripes, Old Glory |
| Use | National flag and ensign |
| Proportion | 10:19 |
| Adopted | June 14, 1777 (13-star version)<br>July 4, 1960 (50-star version) |
| Design | Thirteen horizontal stripes alternating red and white; in the canton, 50 white stars on a blue field |
| Designed by | Unknown, possibly Francis Hopkinson |
|  | |


title: 1995 Pacific Curling Championships

abstract: The 1995 Pacific Curling Championships were held from December 7 to 10 at the Tokoro Curling Club in Tokoro, Hokkaido, Japan. Australia won the men's event over Japan. On the women's side, Japan defeated Australia in the final. By virtue of winning, the Australian men's team and the Japanese women's team qualified for the 1996 World Men's and Women's Curling Championships in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

text:
# 1995 Pacific Curling Championships

The **1995 Pacific Curling Championships** were held from December 7 to 10 at the Tokoro Curling Club in Tokoro, Hokkaido, Japan.

Australia won the men's event over Japan (it was the fifth Pacific title for the Australian men). On the women's side, Japan defeated Australia in the final (it was the fourth Pacific title for the Japanese women).

By virtue of winning, the Australian men's team and the Japanese women's team qualified for the 1996 World Men's and Women's Curling Championships in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

## Men

### Teams

| Country | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Alternate | Coach | Curling club |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Australia | Hugh Millikin | Stephen Johns | Gerald Chick | Andy Campbell |  |  | Sydney Harbour CC, Sydney |
| Japan |  |  |  | Yoshiyuki Ohmiya |  |  |  |
| New Zealand | Peter Becker | Sean Becker | Allan McLean | Lorne De Pape | Darren Carson | Edwin Harley |  |

### Round robin

| Place | Country | Skip |  |  |  | Wins | Losses |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Australia | Hugh Millikin | * | 4:3
4:2 | 9:2
10:2 | 4 | 0 |
| 2 | Japan |  | 3:4
2:4 | * | 15:3
6:1 | 2 | 2 |
| 3 | New Zealand | Peter Becker | 2:9
2:10 | 3:15
1:6 | * | 0 | 4 |

Teams to final

### Final

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Final |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Australia (Hugh Millikin)** | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | X | **7** |
| Japan | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | X | **2** |

### Final standings

| Place | Country | Skip | GP | W | L |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Australia | Hugh Millikin | 5 | 5 | 0 |
|  | Japan |  | 5 | 2 | 3 |
|  | New Zealand | Peter Becker | 4 | 0 | 4 |

## Women

### Teams

| Country | Skip | Third | Second | Lead | Alternate | Curling club |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Australia | Lynn Hewitt | Linda Carter-Watts | Ellen Weir | Lyn Greenwood |  | Victoria Curling Association |
| Japan | Ayako Ishigaki | Emi Arai | Yukari Kondo | Yoko Mimura | Mayumi Ohkutsu |  |
| New Zealand | Helen Greer | Carroll Depape | Helen Rutherford | Patsy Inder |  |  |

### Round robin

| Place | Country | Skip |  |  |  | Wins | Losses |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Japan | Ayako Ishigaki | * | 14:1
9:6 | 17:1
15:3 | 4 | 0 |
| 2 | Australia | Lynn Hewitt | 1:14
6:9 | * | 14:6
9:8 | 2 | 2 |
| 3 | New Zealand | Helen Greer | 1:17
3:15 | 6:14
8:9 | * | 0 | 4 |

Teams to final

### Final

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Final |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Japan (Ayako Ishigaki)** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **10** |
| Australia (Lynn Hewitt) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | **2** |

### Final standings

| Place | Country | Skip | GP | W | L |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Japan | Ayako Ishigaki | 5 | 5 | 0 |
|  | Australia | Lynn Hewitt | 5 | 2 | 3 |
|  | New Zealand | Helen Greer | 4 | 0 | 4 |

## InfoBox

| 1995 Pacific Curling Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Host city | Tokoro, Hokkaido, Japan |
| Arena | Tokoro Curling Club |
| Dates | December 7–10 |
| Men's winner | **Australia** |
| Curling club | Sydney Harbour CC, Sydney |
| Skip | Hugh Millikin |
| Third | Stephen Johns |
| Second | Gerald Chick |
| Lead | Andy Campbell |
| Finalist | Japan () |
| Women's winner | **Japan** |
| Skip | Ayako Ishigaki |
| Third | Emi Arai |
| Second | Yukari Kondo |
| Lead | Yoko Mimura |
| Alternate | Mayumi Ohkutsu |
| Finalist | Australia (Lynn Hewitt) |
| « **1994** **1996** » | |