title: Anna Filbey

abstract: Anna Marie Filbey is a footballer who plays as a midfielder for Crystal Palace in the FA Women's Championship and the Wales national team. She is described by Tottenham as a "brave and technically-gifted defensive midfielder".

text:
# Anna Filbey

**Anna Marie Filbey** (born 11 October 1999) is a footballer who plays as a midfielder for Crystal Palace in the FA Women's Championship and the Wales national team. She is described by Tottenham as a "brave and technically-gifted defensive midfielder".

## Club career

On 11 February 2018, Filbey made her debut for Arsenal, coming on in the 80th minute, replacing Emma Mitchell in a 4–0 Arsenal win over Yeovil Town in the 2017–18 season. That proved to be her only league appearance with the club as she joined Tottenham Hotspur on 1 August. In February 2021 she joined Scottish Women's Premier League club Celtic on loan until the end of the 2020–21 season.

## International career

Filbey has represented England at the youth level for the U17 and the U19 team. On 20 September 2018, Filbey received a call up for the Welsh national team, but was later forced to pull out due to injury.

She made her senior international debut for Wales on 8 October 2019, starting a 1–0 UEFA Women's Euro 2021 qualifying away win over Belarus.

## InfoBox

Anna Filbey
| With Tottenham Hotspur in September 2019 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Anna Marie Filbey | | |
| Date of birth | (1999-10-11) 11 October 1999 | | |
| Place of birth | Hillingdon, England | | |
| Height | 1.67 m (5 ft 6 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defensive Midfielder / Defender | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Crystal Palace | | |
| Number | 5 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Arsenal | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2017–2018 | Arsenal | 1 | (0) |
| 2018–2021 | Tottenham Hotspur | 24 | (3) |
| 2021 | Celtic (loan) | 12 | (10) |
| 2021–2022 | Charlton Athletic | 22 | (1) |
| 2022– | Crystal Palace | 20 | (1) |
| International career | | | |
| 2014–2016 | England U17 | 12 | (4) |
| 2017 | England U19 | 2 | (2) |
| 2019– | Wales | 7 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 01:10, 01 May 2023 (UTC)<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 01:10, 01 May 2023 (UTC) | | | |


title: 1979–80 Irish League

abstract: The 1979–80 Irish League was the 79th edition of the Irish League, the highest level of league competition in Northern Irish football. The league consisted of 12 teams, and Linfield won the championship.

text:
# 1979–80 Irish League

**Belfast**ArdsBallymena UnitedBangorColeraineGlenavonLarnePortadown**Belfast teams** : Cliftonville
Crusaders
Distillery
Glentoran
Linfieldclass=notpageimage|Location of teams in the **1979–80 Irish League** CliftonvilleCrusaders and DistilleryGlentoranLinfieldclass=notpageimage|Location of the Belfast-based teams in the **1979–80 Irish League**

The **1979–80 Irish League** was the 79th edition of the Irish League, the highest level of league competition in Northern Irish football. The league consisted of 12 teams, and Linfield won the championship.

## League standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Linfield (C) | 22 | 19 | 1 | 2 | 59 | 17 | +42 | 39 | Qualification for the European Cup first round |
| 2 | Ballymena United | 22 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 52 | 23 | +29 | 30 | Qualification for the UEFA Cup first round |
| 3 | Glentoran | 22 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 34 | 27 | +7 | 27 |  |
| 4 | Cliftonville | 22 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 29 | 16 | +13 | | 26 |
| 5 | Crusaders | 22 | 11 | 2 | 9 | 32 | 24 | +8 | 24 | Qualification for the European Cup Winners' Cup first round |
| 6 | Portadown | 22 | 10 | 3 | 9 | 36 | 37 | 1 | 23 |  |
| 7 | Coleraine | 22 | 9 | 4 | 9 | 46 | 48 | 2 | | 22 |
| 8 | Distillery | 22 | 7 | 4 | 11 | 22 | 48 | 26 | | 18 |
| 9 | Glenavon | 22 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 19 | 30 | 11 | | 16 |
| 10 | Bangor | 22 | 6 | 4 | 12 | 27 | 50 | 23 | | 16 |
| 11 | Ards | 22 | 4 | 5 | 13 | 26 | 39 | 13 | | 13 |
| 12 | Larne | 22 | 3 | 4 | 15 | 17 | 40 | 23 | | 10 |

Source: rsssf.com
(C) Champions

## Results

| Home \ Away | ARD | BAN | BLM | CLI | COL | CRU | DIS | GLV | GLT | LRN | LIN | POR |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ards |  | 1–1 | 1–3 | 0–2 | 4–1 | 2–5 | 0–1 | 3–0 | 1–3 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 4–1 |
| Bangor | 3–2 |  | 2–3 | 0–2 | 0–5 | 2–3 | 0–1 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 4–2 | 0–2 | 1–4 |
| Ballymena United | 2–0 | 2–0 |  | 1–1 | 5–0 | 2–1 | 8–0 | 0–1 | 1–1 | 4–0 | 5–0 | 2–1 |
| Cliftonville | 2–0 | 3–0 | 2–1 |  | 1–3 | 1–0 | 0–1 | 2–0 | 2–2 | 0–0 | 0–1 | 0–0 |
| Coleraine | 2–0 | 2–3 | 1–1 | 1–5 |  | 5–2 | 2–2 | 3–1 | 1–3 | 1–0 | 1–5 | 2–2 |
| Crusaders | 2–0 | 0–1 | 1–1 | 1–0 | 3–1 |  | 1–2 | 0–0 | 1–0 | 2–0 | 0–1 | 2–0 |
| Distillery | 1–1 | 1–2 | 1–3 | 1–1 | 1–5 | 0–4 |  | 2–0 | 0–4 | 2–1 | 1–2 | 0–3 |
| Glenavon | 2–2 | 4–1 | 1–1 | 0–1 | 0–2 | 0–1 | 1–1 |  | 1–1 | 2–1 | 1–2 | 1–0 |
| Glentoran | 2–0 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 2–4 | 0–2 | 2–1 | 3–1 |  | 1–0 | 1–2 | 1–0 |
| Larne | 0–3 | 1–3 | 1–1 | 1–0 | 2–2 | 2–1 | 1–0 | 0–1 | 1–2 |  | 2–3 | 0–2 |
| Linfield | 1–0 | 7–0 | 4–1 | 1–0 | 2–0 | 3–0 | 6–1 | 2–1 | 5–0 | 2–0 |  | 6–0 |
| Portadown | 3–0 | 3–2 | 2–5 | 1–3 | 4–2 | 1–0 | 1–2 | 2–1 | 1–1 | 3–1 | 2–1 |  |

Source: Irish League Archive
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.

## InfoBox

Irish League
| Season | 1979–80 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Linfield<br>33rd Irish title |
| Matches played | 132 |
| Goals scored | 399 (3.02 per match) |
| Top goalscorer | Jimmy Martin (17) |
| 1978–79 1980–81 | |


title: Elk Park School

abstract: Elk Park School is a historic school building located at Elk Park, Avery County, North Carolina. It was built between 1935 and 1938 by the Works Progress Administration. It is a one-story, E-shaped Rustic Revival-style stone building. It measures 16 bays wide and has a large gymnasium ell. A one-story, concrete block cafeteria addition was built in 1951. Scenes from the 1974 movie "Where The Lilies Bloom" were filmed in Elk Park School, and children from the elementary school appeared as extras in those scenes. It remained in use as a school until the end of the 20th century, then converted in 2004 to apartments. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

text:
# Elk Park School

**Elk Park School** is a historic school building located at Elk Park, Avery County, North Carolina. It was built between 1935 and 1938 by the Works Progress Administration. It is a one-story, E-shaped Rustic Revival-style stone building. It measures 16 bays wide and has a large gymnasium ell. A one-story, concrete block cafeteria addition was built in 1951. Scenes from the 1974 movie "Where The Lilies Bloom" were filmed in Elk Park School, and children from the elementary school appeared as extras in those scenes. It remained in use as a school until the end of the 20th century, then converted in 2004 to apartments.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Elk Park School | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 253 Elk Park School Rd., Elk Park, North Carolina |
| Coordinates | 36°9′41″N 81°58′49″W / 36.16139°N 81.98028°W / 36.16139; -81.98028 |
| Area | 2 acres (0.81 ha) |
| Built | 1935 (1935)-1938, 1951 |
| Built by | Works Progress Administration |
| Architectural style | Rustic Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 05001410 |
| Added to NRHP | December 16, 2005 |


title: Anzen Station

text:
# Anzen Station

**Anzen Station** (安善駅, *Anzen-eki*) is a railway station operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

## Lines

Anzen Station is served by the Tsurumi Line, and is 3.5 kilometers (2.2 mi) from the terminus at Tsurumi Station.

## Station layout

Anzen Station has an island platform serving two tracks.

### Platforms

| **1** | JI Tsurumi Line
(Main Line) | for Hama-Kawasaki, Ōgimachi |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | JI Tsurumi Line
(Ōkawa Branch) | for Ōkawa |
| **2** | JI Tsurumi Line | for Bentembashi and Tsurumi |

## History

Anzen Station was opened on 10 March 1926, as Anzenmachi Station (安善町駅, *Anzenmachi-eki*) on the privately held Tsurumi Rinkō Railway (鶴見臨港鉄道, *Tsurumi Rinkō Tetsudō*) initially for freight operations only. A station for passenger services named Anzendōri Station (安善通駅, *Anzendōri-eki*) was opened on 28 October 1930, adjacent to the freight station. The Tsurumi Rinkō line was nationalized on 1 July 1943, at which time the two stations were unified under its present name, and was later absorbed into the Japan National Railways (JNR) network. The station has been unstaffed since 1 March 1971. Upon the privatization of the JNR on 1 April 1987, the station has been operated by JR East.

## Surrounding area

* US Navy Tsurumi Fuel Terminal

* Harris, Ken and Clarke, Jackie. *Jane's World Railways 2008-2009*. Jane's Information Group (2008). ISBN 0-7106-2861-7

Media related to Anzen Station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| JI06
Anzen Station
安善駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Anzen Station, November 2022 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Anzenchō 1-chōme, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa
（横浜市鶴見区安善町1丁目）
Japan |
| Coordinates | 35°29′58.8″N 139°42′2.4″E / 35.499667°N 139.700667°E / 35.499667; 139.700667 |
| Operated by | JR East |
| Line(s) | JI Tsurumi Line |
| History | |
| Opened | 10 March 1926 (1926-03-10) |
| Previous names | Anzendōri (until 1943) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| 2006 | 1,132 daily |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  JR East Following station  AsanoJI05towards Tsurumi  Tsurumi LineMain Line  Musashi-ShiraishiJI07towards Ōgimachi  Tsurumi LineŌkawa branch  ŌkawaJI61Terminus | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Anzen StationLocation within Kanagawa PrefectureAnzen StationAnzen Station (Japan) | |


title: 1983 Kenyan general election

abstract: General elections were held in Kenya on 26 September 1983. At the time, the country was a one-party state with the Kenya African National Union having been made the sole party the previous year. More than 750 KANU candidates stood for the 158 National Assembly seats, with around 40% of incumbents defeated. Voter turnout was 45.9%. Although the post of President of Kenya was due to be elected at the same time as the National Assembly, Daniel arap Moi was the sole candidate and was automatically elected without a vote being held. Following the elections, a further 12 members were appointed by President Moi.

text:
# 1983 Kenyan general election

General elections were held in Kenya on 26 September 1983. At the time, the country was a one-party state with the Kenya African National Union having been made the sole party the previous year (though the country had been a de facto one-party state since 1969). More than 750 KANU candidates stood for the 158 National Assembly seats, with around 40% of incumbents (including some ministers) defeated. Voter turnout was 45.9%. Although the post of President of Kenya was due to be elected at the same time as the National Assembly, Daniel arap Moi was the sole candidate and was automatically elected without a vote being held. Following the elections, a further 12 members were appointed by President Moi.

## Results

| Party | | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Kenya African National Union | 3,331,047 | 100.00 | 158 | 0 |
| Appointed members | |  | | 12 | 0 |
| Total | | 3,331,047 | 100.00 | 170 | 0 |
|  | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 3,331,047 | 98.12 |  | |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 63,676 | 1.88 |  | |
| Total votes | | 3,394,723 | 100.00 |  | |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 7,035,583 | 48.25 |  | |
| Source: IPU | | | | | |

## InfoBox

1983 Kenyan presidential election
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| 26 September 1983 | |
| Not held | |
| Daniel Arap Moi ran unopposed | |
| 19791988 | |


title: 1904–05 Milan FBCC season

abstract: During the 1904–05 season Milan Foot-Ball and Cricket Club competed in the Italian Football Championship, the FGNI Tournament and the Palla Dapples.

text:
# 1904–05 Milan FBCC season

During the **1904–05** season **Milan Foot-Ball and Cricket Club** competed in the Italian Football Championship, the FGNI Tournament and the Palla Dapples.

## Summary

In the Italian Championship, Milan was beaten in the qualifying round by US Milanese, a Milan team founded in 1902 and which remained active until 1928. Immediately eliminated from the championship, Milan concentrated on other federal trophies, winning the *Palla Dapples* three times and the *FGNI tournament*, cups of comparable importance to the championship at the time.

This season, Milan played football matches against foreign teams for the first time in their history. In April 1905, in fact, Milan faced a local team from Lugano, Switzerland, and St. Gallen, a Swiss football team founded in 1879.

## Squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  GK  ITA Giulio Ermolli  GK  URU Attilio Firpi  DF  ITA Guido Moda  DF  SUI Hans Heinrich Suter  MF  ENG Herbert Kilpin (Captain)  MF  ITA Daniele Angeloni  MF  ITA Luigi Bianchi  MF  ITA Giulio Cederna | No. Pos. Nation Player  MF  ITA Giuseppe Rizzi  MF  SUI Paul Arnold Walty  FW  ITA Antonio Sala  FW  ITA Alessandro Trerè  FW  ITA Umberto Scotti  FW  ITA Gustavo Carrer  FW  ITA Guido Pedroni  FW  ITA Guerriero Colombo |
| --- | --- |

### Transfers

| In | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pos. | Name | from | Type |
|

| Out | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pos. | Name | To | Type |
| MF | Alfred Haberlin |  | *career end* |
| MF | Paul Arnold Walty | Juventus |  |
| FW | Enrico Canfari |  | *career end* |
| FW | Umberto Scotti |  | *career end* |

## Competitions

### Prima Categoria

#### Qualifications

| 12 February 1905 1 | **Milan** | **3-3** | **US Milanese** | Milano |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Carrer
Trerè | Report | Recalcati | Stadium: Campo Acquabella
Referee: Pasteur |

| 19 February 1905 2 | **US Milanese** | **7-6** | **Milan** | Milano |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Varisco
Franziosi
? | Report | Rizzi
Trerè
? | Stadium: Campo di Via Comasina
Referee: Malvano |

### Torneo FGNI

#### Final

| 25 June 1905 Final | **Milan** | **1-0** (a.e.t.) | **Ceserano Padova** | Venezia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | ? | Report |  | Referee: Bosisio |

### Palla Dapples

#### Final

| 9 April 1905 1 | **Andrea Doria** | **0-1** | **Milan** | Genova |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report | ? | Stadium: Campo Sportivo di Ponte Carrega
Referee: Spensley |

#### Final

| 16 April 1905 Finale | **Milan** | **4-0** | **Andrea Doria** | Milano |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | ? | Report |  | Stadium: Campo Acquabella
Referee: Spensley |

#### Final

| 30 April 1905 Finale | **Milan** | **2-0** | **Genoa** | Milano |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | ? | Report |  | Stadium: Campo Acquabella
Referee: Bosisio |

## Statistics

### Squad statistics

| Competition | Points | Home | | | | | | Away | | | | | | Total | | | | | | GD |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | G | W | D | L | Gs | Ga | G | W | D | L | Gs | Ga | G | W | D | L | Gs | Ga | |
| 1905 Prima Categoria | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 10 | -1 |
| Torneo FGNI | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | +1 |
| Palla Dapples | - | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | +7 |
| Total | - | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 17 | 10 | +7 |

### Players statistics

| No. | Pos | Nat | Player | Total | | Prima Categoria | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
|  | GK | ITA | Giulio Ermolli | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
|  | GK | ITA | Attilio Firpi | 1 | -7 | 1 | -7 |
|  | DF | SUI | Guido Moda | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | DF | SUI | Hans Heinrich Suter | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
|  | MF | ITA | Daniele Angeloni | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
|  | MF | ENG | Herbert Kilpin | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
|  | MF | ITA | Giulio Cederna | 1 | -3 | 1 | -3 |
|  | MF | ITA | Giuseppe Rizzi | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
|  | FW | SUI | Luigi Bianchi | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
|  | FW | ITA | Gustavo Carrer | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
|  | FW | ITA | Guerriero Colombo | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
|  | FW | ITA | Alessandro Trerè | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
|  | FW | ITA | Antonio Sala | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | FW | ITA | Guido Pedroni | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |

## Bibliography

* *Almanacco illustrato del Milan, ed: 2, March 2005*. Panini.
* Enrico Tosi. *La storia del Milan, May 2005*. Italia/Italy cid Tosi.
* *Milan. Sempre con te, December 2009*. Mondadori. 2009. ISBN 978-88-04-59118-4.

## InfoBox

Milan Foot-Ball and Cricket Club
| 1904–05 season | |
| --- | --- |
| President | Alfred Edwards |
| Manager | Herbert Kilpin |
| Stadium | Campo Acquabella |
| Italian Football Championship | Qualifications |
| Torneo FGNI | **Winner** |
| Palla Dapples | **Winner** (3 times) |
| Top goalscorer | League: Alessandro Trerè (3)
All: Alessandro Trerè (3) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Apalachicola band

abstract: The Apalachicola band consisted of several Native Americans towns, primarily speakers of the Muscogee language, living along the Apalachicola River in northern Florida in the early 19th century. The 1823 Treaty of Moultrie Creek assigned the Apalachicola band several small reservations along the Apalachicola River, separate from the main reservation created in central and southern Florida for the people collectively called Seminole. The Apalachicola band was allowed to stay on their reservations for only a decade, before being moved to the Indian Territory.

text:
# Apalachicola band

The **Apalachicola band** consisted of several Native Americans towns, primarily speakers of the Muscogee language, living along the Apalachicola River in northern Florida in the early 19th century. The 1823 Treaty of Moultrie Creek assigned the Apalachicola band several small reservations along the Apalachicola River, separate from the main reservation created in central and southern Florida for the people collectively called Seminole. The Apalachicola band was allowed to stay on their reservations for only a decade, before being moved to the Indian Territory.

## Origins

Various towns which were or had been part of the Muscogee Confederacy moved into northern Florida in the late 18th and early 19th century. Some of those towns settled along the Apalachicola River. At the start of the First Seminole War in late 1817, Andrew Jackson led United States army and militia troops into Spanish Florida to attack Native American groups that had been raiding into the United States, and providing sanctuary to slaves who had run away from plantations in the United States. Captain Hugh Young, a topographical engineer serving under Jackson, wrote a report on the Native American towns in or near the part of Florida in which Jackson's army operated. He listed several towns along the Apalachicola River and the lowest reach of the Chattahoochee River, which he described as "Creeks", i.e., Muscogee language-speakers. The towns listed by Young included:

* *Emusses*, with 15 to 20 men under Emusse-mico and Ohuluckhija, living where the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers meet to form the Apalachicola River;
* *Tamatles*, with 25 men under chiefs Yellow Hair and Black King, living 7 miles (11 km) north of Ocheesee Bluff on the Apalachicola River;
* *Ocheeses*, with 25 men under chief Jack-mealy, living at Ocheesee Bluff, and;
* *Ehawhohasles*, with 15 to 20 men under chief Apiokhija, living 12 miles (19 km) below Ocheesee Bluff.

A Spanish map from the period shows the towns of *Aldea de Tomathly* (Tamatles), *Aldea de Ochesees* (Ocheeses), and *Yawolla* (Ehawhohasles) in the same order as Young's report. Tamasle, or Tamatles, was originally a Yamassee town, but had been at least partly assimilated into Muscogee culture and language by this time. Worth identifies Ehawhohasles or Yawolla with the town known as "Iola", with John Blount as its leader. By end of the Second Spanish period these towns on the upper Apalachicola River had merged into the Apalachicola band. Yellow Hair had been the principal chief over five towns, but by the time the United States acquired Florida, he had been replaced by John Blunt. John Blunt, Yellow Hair, Mulatto King (Boyd equates Mulatto King with Young's Black King of Tamatles), and Neamathla, leader of a Mikasuki town east of the Apalachicola River, met with Andrew Jackson in 1821 to discuss their fate under American control.

Econchatimico ("Red Ground (town) King"), was the chief of a town on the Chattahoochee in Alabama in 1818, when a party led by William McIntosh attacked it. The town of Ekanachatti had been abandoned by 1821, with its people moving south along the Chattahoochee River, to a town called Tock-to-ethla (Totoawathla or Totowithla, "River Junction"), which was probably at a site later called Port Jackson, in the reservation later assigned to Econchatimico. The town had 38 men when the reservation was established. Another Muscogee town, led by Emathlochee, named Attapulgas, migrated into Florida late in the second Spanish period, settling in a town called Tophulga on Rocky Comfort Creek, near present-day Tallahassee, Florida.

## Apalachicola reservations

At the 1823 conference that resulted in the Treaty of Moultrie Creek, Neamathla, whose town was then located between Lake Miccosukee and Tallahassee, was chosen by the Seminoles and other peoples in Florida as their chief negotiator. The treaty established a main reservation in interior central and southern Florida, but let Neamathla's town and the Apalachicola band towns led by Mulatto King, Emathlochee, John Blunt and Tuski-Hajo, and Econchatomico remain on small reservations in the panhandle. Neamathla's and Emathlochee's people, however, were not then living on the reservation assigned to them in the treaty. Collectively, these reservations along the Apalachicola River were called the Northern Division of the Seminole Reservation, and the people who were living on them, or were to move to them, were called the "Apalachicola band".

Neamathla's people were assigned a reservation of 2 square miles (5.2 km2) on Rocky Comfort Creek, the site of Emathloochee's Tophulga. The people led by John Blunt and Tuski Hadjo were assigned a reservation of 4 miles (6.4 km) along the Apalachicola, extending 2 miles (3.2 km) from the river. The people led by the Mulatto King (Vacapasacy) and Yellow Hair, were assigned a reservation of 4 miles (6.4 km) along the Apalachicola River, extending 1 mile (1.6 km) from the river. Emathlochee's people moved to this reservation, settling in a town named Attapulgus. Econchatimico's people were assigned a reservation of 4 miles (6.4 km) along the Florida side of the Chattahoochee River, extending 1 mile (1.6 km) from the river, above where that river joined the Flint River to form the Apalachicola River.

## Removal

Neamthla's Mikasukis never did move to their assigned reservation on Rocky Comfort Creek. Due to friction between Neamathla and the government, and to Neamathla's reservation being far removed from the main Seminole reservation, Neamathla was replaced as head chief of the reservation with John Hicks. Neamathla and his people soon moved to Alabama. The land reserved for Neamathla's people was surveyed and sold to white settlers in 1827.

The United States Congress passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830. Seminole chiefs on the main reservation in Florida were pressured or tricked into signing the Treaty of Payne's Landing in 1832, which called for their removal to west of the Mississippi River. The Apalachicola Band was not a party to that treaty.

Later in 1832, the United States negotiated a treaty with John Blunt and Davy, successor to Tuski Hadjo, for the people of Yawolla, or Iola, to give up their reservation in Florida and move west of the Mississippi. In 1833, the United States negotiated separate treaties with Mulatto King (Vacapasacy) and Tustenuggy Hajo, successor to Emathlochee, and with Econchatimico, for their people to also give up their reservations in Florida and move west of the Mississippi. Most of the Apalachicolas moved to Indian Territory soon after, although Econchatimico was still living at Port Jackson (on his former reservation) in 1838. In the late 1830s, Econchatimico lost a number of slaves due to fraudulent claims by a white planter and actions by slave stealers. Small bands of people in the Florida panhandle, called Creeks, Seminoles, or Apalachicolas, were captured in the late 1830s and also sent west to the Indian Territory. In 1839, 300 "Apalachicolas" were sent as a group from Pensacola west by steamer and schooners. The people of the Apalachicola band merged in Indian Territory with other Muscogee peoples and their descendants are enrolled in the federally recognized Muscogee Nation.

1. Paisley 1989, p. 48; Wright 1986, pp. 209, 217; Young 1934, pp. 84–88.
2. Wright 1986, pp. 209, 217.
3. Boyd 1958, p. 226; Worth 2018, p. 320.
4. Boyd 1958, pp. 204–205, 226; Bullen 1950, p. 120.
5. Covington 1963, pp. 125–127; Covington 1993, pp. 52–55.
6. Boyd 1958, p. 226; Treaty 1823.
7. Covington 1963, p. 127.
8. Boyd 1958, p. 205.
9. Bullen 1950, p. 120; Boyd 1958, pp. 206, 208; Wright 1986, p. 299; Treaty 1832; Treaty 1833.

## Sources

* Boyd, Mark F. (1958). "Historic Sites in and adjacent to the Jim Woodruff Reservoir, Florida-Georgia". In Roberts, Frank H. H. (ed.). *River Basin Surveys Papers* (PDF). Bulletin 169. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology. pp. 195–314.
* Bullen, Ripley P. (April 15, 1950). "An archaeological survey of the Chattahoochee River Valley in Florida" (PDF). *Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences*. **40** (4): 101–125. JSTOR 24531334.
* Covington, James W. (1963). "Federal Relations with the Apalachicola Indians, 1823–1838". *The Florida Historical Quarterly*. **42** (2): 125–141  via STARS, University of Central Florida Library.
* Covington, James W. (1993). *The Seminoles of Florida*. University Press of Florida. ISBN 978-0-8130-1196-7.
* Paisley, Clifton (1989). *The Red Hills of Florida: 1528–1865*. The University of Alabama Press. ISBN 0-8173-0412-6.
* Worth, John E. (2018). "The Yamasee in West Florida". In Bossy, Denise I. (ed.). *The Yamasee Indians: From Florida to South Carolina*. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-1-4962-0760-9.
* Wright, J. Leitch Jr. (1986). *Creeks and Seminoles* (Paperback ed.). University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-9728-9.
* Young, Hugh (October 1934). "A Topographical Memoir on East and West Florida with Itineraries of General Jackson's Army, 1818: Part I: The Memoir (Continued)". *The Florida Historical Quarterly*. **13** (2): 82–104. JSTOR 30150194.
* "Treaty of Moultrie Creek, 1823". *Florida Memory - State Library and Archives of Florida*. Retrieved February 26, 2023.
* Kappler, Charles J., ed. (1904). "Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, Volume II: Treaties - Treaty with the Apalachicola Band, 1832". Archived from the original on April 25, 2007.
* Kappler, Charles J., ed. (1904). "Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, Volume II: Treaties - Treaty with the Apalachicola Band, 1833". Archived from the original on July 11, 2007.


abstract: Apalachicola River Wildlife and Environmental Area (ARWEA) contains 63,257 acres of pine upland, floodplain swamp, savanna, and estuary habitat north of Eastpoint and Apalachicola in Franklin County and Gulf County, Florida.

text:
# Apalachicola River Wildlife and Environmental Area

**Apalachicola River Wildlife and Environmental Area (ARWEA)** contains 63,257 acres of pine upland, floodplain swamp, savanna, and estuary habitat north of Eastpoint and Apalachicola in Franklin County and Gulf County, Florida.

## Flora and fauna

Plant and animal diversity is high within the Lower Apalachicola River system and many imperiled species call this property home. These species include red-cockaded woodpeckers, Bachman's sparrow, Apalachicola alligator snapping turtles, and Florida black bears. Additionally, dozens of migratory bird species pass through the area each spring and fall.

ARWEA is widely recognized for its wildflower diversity. Carnivorous pitcher plants and butterworts, along with several orchid species, may be seen throughout the year.

## Recreational activities

Numerous recreational activities are available to participate in at ARWEA. The ARWEA paddling trail system consists of over 100 miles of trails that pass through old-growth cypress swamps, estuaries and small Apalachicola Bay tributaries. The Tank Island Wildflower Driving Tour allows visitors to see many of the notable wildflower species found in the area.

Anglers fish from the bank or from boats for a wide range of freshwater and saltwater species including striped bass, largemouth bass, and catfish. Squirrel, dove and feral hogs attract are pursued most frequently by hunters. Additionally, camping is permitted at four primitive campsites.

## InfoBox

| Apalachicola River Wildlife and Environmental Area (WEA) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Franklin and Gulf County, Florida |
| Nearest city | Eastpoint, Florida |
| Coordinates | 29°48′32″N 84°57′39″W / 29.80889°N 84.96083°W / 29.80889; -84.96083 |
| Area | 63,257 Acres |
| Governing body | Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission |


title: Antonio Mele

abstract: Antonio Mele is an Italian economist. He is currently Professor of Finance at USI and at the Swiss Finance Institute after a decade with the London School of Economics and Political Science. He is the author of several works on uncertainty and volatility in financial markets, the interlinks between financial markets and business cycles, and financial market microstructure. Some of his work has led to real-time indicators of uncertainty in fixed income markets that are maintained by Chicago Board Options Exchange and new instruments to hedge volatility of interest rates and credit spreads.

text:
# Antonio Mele

**Antonio Mele** (born 22 March 1967, Rome, Italy) is an Italian economist.

He is currently Professor of Finance at USI (Università della Svizzera Italiana) and at the Swiss Finance Institute after a decade with the London School of Economics and Political Science.

He is the author of several works on uncertainty and volatility in financial markets, the interlinks between financial markets and business cycles, and financial market microstructure.

Some of his work has led to real-time indicators of uncertainty in fixed income markets that are maintained by Chicago Board Options Exchange and new instruments to hedge volatility of interest rates and credit spreads.

## Biography

### Studies and career

After completing his studies at Scuola Militare Nunziatella in Naples (1983-1986), he graduated in Economics at LUISS University in Rome (1991), and obtained his PhD in Economics at University of Paris X (1995) with a thesis in mathematical economics and econometrics on the volatility of financial markets. In 1996, he became Professor of Economics in France after the national competitive examination ("Concours national d'Agrégation des Universités en Sciences Économiques"). He has been professor at the Université du Littoral (1996-2001), and continued his career at Queen Mary University of London (2001-2002), University of Turin (2007-2008), and the London School of Economics and Political Science (2002-2012), and in 2011 joined USI (Università della Svizzera Italiana) with a Chair promoted by the Ticino Banking Association ("Associazione Bancaria Ticinese") and a Senior Chair of the Swiss Finance Institute. He is a Research Fellow in the Financial Economics programme at CEPR (Centre for Economic Policy Research) in London.

He has been Visiting Fellow in the Department of Economics of Princeton University (2000), Visiting Professor in the Department of Economics of Toulouse University (2006) and in the Departments of Finance of the National University of Singapore (2010), Imperial College London (2013), Luxembourg School of Finance (2017, 2018) and London Business School (2018), and Visiting Fellow in the economics and research departments of the European Central Bank (2005, 2008) and the Swiss National Bank (2009).

During the 2010s, he created QUASaR (Quantitative Strategies and Research), a startup that has collaborated with Chicago Board Options Exchange for the purpose of creating new instruments to hedge volatility in the US fixed income markets. Between 2015 and 2017, he acted as a member of the Securities and Markets Stakeholder Group of the European Securities Markets Authority (ESMA).

### Academic work

His work focusses on problems related to uncertainty and volatility in financial markets and the interlinks with macroeconomic developments. Financial volatility measures the amplitude of asset price fluctuations, and tends to widen during periods of high uncertainty. His work aims at clarifying the origins of this volatility, the interactions of financial market volatility with the business cycle, and the design of new indicators of uncertainty in the large fixed income markets.

During the second half of the 2000s, he elaborated one of the first equilibrium models of financial markets with asymmetric information in the presence of networks amongst agents.

He is the author of a book of about 1,300 pages devoted to a synthesis of knowledge in Financial Economics.

### Contributions to the industry

Since the early 2010s, he has advised Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) on the creation of a suite of indexes of expected volatility in various segments of the fixed income markets.

He contributed to the development of the S&P/JPX JGB VIX Index.

## Publications

### Books

* *Financial Economics.* MIT Press (2022), 1,288 pages.
* *The Price of Fixed Income Market Volatility* (2015). New York: Springer Verlag (Springer Finance Series), 250 pages (with Yoshiki Obayashi).
* *Stochastic Volatility in Financial Markets* (2000). New York: Springer Verlag (original ed.: Kluwer Academic Publishers), 145 pages (with Fabio Fornari).
* *Dynamiques non linéaires, volatilité et équilibre* (1998). Paris: Editions Economica, 212 pages.

### Main articles

* "Uncertainty, Information Acquisition and Price Swings in Asset Markets" (2015). *Review of Economic Studies* 82, 1533-1567 (with Francesco Sangiorgi).
* "Macroeconomic Determinants of Stock Volatility and Volatility Premiums" (2013). *Journal of Monetary Economics* 60, 203-220 (with Valentina Corradi e Walter Distaso).
* "Adding and Subtracting Black-Scholes: A New Approach to Approximating Derivative Prices in Continuous-Time Models" (2011). *Journal of Financial Economics* 102, 390-415 (with Dennis Kristensen).
* "Information Linkages and Correlated Trading" (2010). *Review of Financial Studies* 23, 203-246 (with Paolo Colla).
* "Simulated Nonparametric Estimation of Dynamic Models" (2009). *Review of Economic Studies* 76, 413-450 (with Filippo Altissimo).
* "Asymmetric Stock Market Volatility and the Cyclical Behavior of Expected Returns" (2007). *Journal of Financial Economics* 86, 446-478.
* "Fundamental Properties of Bond Prices in Models of the Short-Term Rate" (2003). *Review of Financial Studies* 16, 679-716.

1. "Antonio Mele research pages".
2. Press Release (13 June 2012). "CBOE To Introduce First Interest Rate-Based Volatility Index".
3. Press Release (23 May 2013). "CBOE Begins Disseminating New Volatility Index On CME Group's 10-Year U.S. Treasury Note Options Contract".
4. "TYVIX: Navigating Through Interest Rate Volatility".
5. Press Release (4 September 2014). "CBOE Futures Exchange To Launch CBOE/CBOT 10-Year Treasury Note Volatility Index Futures".
6. "Cboe's New Weapon to Hedge Interest Rate Volatility Exposure".
7. "Fixed Income Volatility @ CBOE".
8. Mele, Antonio (1998). *Dynamiques non linéaires, volatilité et équilibre*. Paris: Éditions Economica.
9. USI Flash (21 November 2011). "Inaugural Lecture (in Italian)".
10. USI (11 May 2020). "Market Volatility and Economic Policy".
11. Mele, Antonio; Sangiorgi, Francesco (2015). "Uncertainty, Information Acquisition and Price Swings in Asset Markets" (PDF). *Review of Economic Studies*. **82** (4): 1533–1567. doi:10.1093/restud/rdv017.
12. Mele, Antonio (2007). "Asymmetric Stock Market Volatility and the Cyclical Behavior of Expected Returns". *Journal of Financial Economics*. **86** (2): 446–478. doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2006.10.002. S2CID 43374817.
13. Corradi, Valentina; Distaso, Walter; Mele, Antonio (2013). "Macroeconomic Determinants of Stock Volatility and Volatility Premiums". *Journal of Monetary Economics*. **60** (2): 203–220. doi:10.1016/j.jmoneco.2012.10.019. S2CID 154767576.
14. Fornari, Fabio; Mele, Antonio. "Financial Volatility and Economic Activity". *Journal of Financial Management, Markets and Institutions*. **1**: 155–198.
15. Mele, Antonio; Obayashi, Yoshiki (2015). *The Price of Fixed Income Market Volatility*. New York: Springer Verlag (Springer Finance Series).
16. Colla, Paolo; Mele, Antonio (2010). "Information Linkages and Correlated Trading" (PDF). *Review of Financial Studies*. **23**: 203–246. doi:10.1093/rfs/hhp021.
17. Mele, Antonio. *Financial Economics: Classics and Contemporary*. MIT Press (Forthcoming).
18. "JGB-VIX White Paper" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2019.

## InfoBox

| Antonio Mele | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1967-03-22) 22 March 1967<br>Rome, Italy |
| Nationality | Italian |
|  | |
| Academic career | |
| Field | Financial Economics |
| Institution | Professor of Finance at Università della Svizzera Italiana and Swiss Finance Institute |
|  | |


title: Elissa Schappell

abstract: Elissa Schappell is an American novelist, short-story writer, editor and essayist. She was a co-founder and editor of the literary magazine Tin House.

text:
# Elissa Schappell

**Elissa Schappell** is an American novelist, short-story writer, editor and essayist. She was a co-founder and editor of the literary magazine *Tin House*.

## Writing career

Schappell graduated from New York University with an MFA in creative writing. Her first job in publishing was with *Spy* magazine in the 1980s.

Schappell's first book of fiction, *Use Me*, a collection of 10 linked short stories, was published in 2000 by William Morrow, and was runner-up for the PEN/Hemingway Award. A second book of fiction, *Blueprints for Building Better Girls*, was published by Simon & Schuster in 2011. It was chosen as a "Best Book of the Year" by *The San Francisco Chronicle*, *The Boston Globe*, *The Wall Street Journal* *Newsweek/The Daily Beast*, and *O, The Oprah Magazine*.

Schappell's articles, fiction, interviews and essays have been published in magazines including *GQ*, *Vogue*, *Spin*, *BOMB*, *One Story* and *Nerve*. She has written book reviews for *The New York Times*, *Bookforum*, and *The Daily Telegraph*. She was the longtime author of the "Hot Type" book column in *Vanity Fair*, where she is also a contributing editor.

Schappell was one of the founders and editors of the literary magazine *Tin House*. She was previously a Senior Editor at *The Paris Review*.

Schappell teaches at schools including Columbia University, NYU, and Queens University.

## Personal life

Originally from Delaware, Schappell now lives in Brooklyn. She is married to Rob Spillman, with whom she co-founded *Tin House*.

## Publications

* "Novice Bitch" in the anthology *The KGB Bar Reader* (1998)
* *Use Me* (William Morrow, 2000)
* Contributed an article about Allen Ginsberg to *The Paris Review* anthology *Beat Writers at Work*
* "Crossing the Line in the Sand: How Mad Can Mother Get?" in *The Bitch in the House: 26 Women Tell the Truth About Sex, Solitude, Work, Motherhood, and Marriage* (2002)
* "That sort of woman" in *The Mrs Dalloway Reader* (2003)
* "Sex and the Single Squirrel" in *Cooking and Stealing: The Tin House Nonfiction Reader* (2004)
* Co-edited and contributed to *The Friend Who Got Away: Twenty Women's True-Life Tales of Friendships That Blew Up, Burned Out or Faded Away*
* Essay on Naked Lunch in *Bound to Last: 30 Writers on Their Most Cherished Book* (2010)
* *Blueprints for Building Better Girls* (Simon & Schuster, 2011)
* "High-Strung Knitter" in *Knitting Yarns: Writers on Knitting* (2013)

## InfoBox

| Elissa Schappell | |
| --- | --- |
| Occupation | * Novelist * short story writer * editor * essayist |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | New York University (MFA) |
| Spouse | Rob Spillman |


title: Elissa P. Benedek

abstract: Elissa Panush Benedek is an American psychiatrist specializing in child and adolescent psychiatry and forensic psychiatry. She is an adjunct clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of Michigan Medical Center. She served as director of research and training at the Center for Forensic Psychiatry in Ann Arbor for 25 years and was president of the American Psychiatric Association from 1990 to 1991. She is regarded as an expert on child abuse and trauma, and has testified in high-profile court cases. She also focuses on ethics, psychiatric aspects of disasters and terrorism, and domestic violence. In addition to her own books, book chapters, and articles, she has collaborated with her husband, attorney Richard S. Benedek, on studies of divorce, child custody, and child abuse.

text:
# Elissa P. Benedek

**Elissa Panush Benedek** (born September 28, 1936) is an American psychiatrist specializing in child and adolescent psychiatry and forensic psychiatry. She is an adjunct clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of Michigan Medical Center. She served as director of research and training at the Center for Forensic Psychiatry in Ann Arbor for 25 years and was president of the American Psychiatric Association from 1990 to 1991. She is regarded as an expert on child abuse and trauma, and has testified in high-profile court cases. She also focuses on ethics, psychiatric aspects of disasters and terrorism, and domestic violence. In addition to her own books, book chapters, and articles, she has collaborated with her husband, attorney Richard S. Benedek, on studies of divorce, child custody, and child abuse.

## Early life and education

Elissa Panush was born in Detroit, Michigan on September 28, 1936 to Louis and Tillie Panush. Her father was a school principal and science teacher, and her mother taught in elementary school. She had three sisters. She graduated from Central High School in Detroit in 1954 and won a scholarship to the University of Michigan.

She earned her undergraduate degree at the University of Michigan and went on to attend the medical school on the same campus. She chose to specialize in psychiatry since it was one of the few specialties open to women physicians in that era, and would also allow the flexibility of maintaining a medical practice while raising a family. She trained in general psychiatry at the medical school's neuropsychiatric institute and in child psychiatry at the Children's Psychiatric Hospital on campus. She earned her M.D. in 1960, and completed her residency in 1962 and a fellowship in child and adolescent psychiatry in 1964.

## Career

After finishing her residency, she began working as a psychiatrist at the York Wood Center, a residential treatment facility for youth in Ypsilanti. She next moved to the Center for Forensic Psychiatry to become associate director of child psychiatry and the center's first director of training and research. During her tenure, she helped formulate a forensic fellowship program which later became a joint venture with the University of Michigan. In 1975 she performed a preliminary evaluation of as-yet uncharged serial killer Coral Watts at the center.

By 1991 she was a full professor in clinical psychiatry at the University of Michigan and Wayne State University School of Medicine. She is also a faculty member of the University of Michigan Comprehensive Depression Center. She maintains a private practice in Ann Arbor for child, adolescent, adult, and forensic psychiatry.

She is regarded as an expert on child abuse and trauma, and also focuses on ethics, the psychiatric aspects of disasters and terrorism, and domestic violence. She has testified in numerous high-profile court cases. In 1975 she testified for the defense in the murder trial of Ruth Childers, advancing the psychological theory of battered woman's syndrome first developed by Lenore E. Walker. In the 1980s she testified in the Wee Care Nursery School abuse trial, and was the primary psychiatric witness for Dr. Eric Foretich in his February 1987 civil court proceeding related to the Morgan v. Foretich child custody case. She was accused of child abuse by Foretich's ex-wife Elizabeth Morgan, who surreptitiously filmed Benedek during her examination of her daughter, and was accused of perjury by Morgan's mother, who filed a complaint with the APA over Benedek's testimony that Morgan had probably been abused by her own father. She testified for the U.S. government in a 1998 lawsuit against Playboy Television about signal bleed of adult material on cable television.

Benedek mentors medical students, psychiatry residents, and forensic psychiatry fellows at the University of Michigan, allowing the latter to "shadow" her during her courtroom appearances.

## Affiliations and memberships

Benedek was president of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) from 1990 to 1991. She was only the second woman to be named to this post since the association was founded in 1844. Previously, she served as vice president (1983–1985), secretary (1985– ), and trustee of the APA.

In 2001 she was appointed as a director of the American Council on Science and Health.

## Awards and honors

In 2016 Benedek received the Alexandra Symonds Award from the APA and the Association of Women Psychiatrists in recognition of her "significant contributions to promoting women's health and the advancement of women".

## Personal life

She met her husband, Richard Sandor Benedek, at the University of Michigan, where he was studying law. He received his J.D. in 1958 and they married between Elissa's sophomore and junior years. They have four children. Richard maintains a law practice in Ann Arbor. The couple has collaborated on studies of divorce, child custody, and child abuse.

## Selected bibliography

### Books

* *Principles and Practice of Child and Adolescent Forensic Mental Health*. American Psychiatric Pub. 2009. ISBN 978-1-58562-901-5. (with Peter Ash and Charles L. Scott)
* *Principles and Practice of Child and Adolescent Forensic Psychiatry*. American Psychiatric Pub. 2002. ISBN 978-0-88048-956-0. (with Diane H. Schetky)
* Benedek, Elissa P. (1999). *New Directions for Mental Health Services, Emerging Issues in Forensic Psychiatry*. ISBN 978-0-7879-9901-8.
* *How to Help Your Child Overcome Your Divorce*. American Psychiatric Pub. 1995. ISBN 978-0-88048-565-4. (with Catherine F. Brown) Revised ed. 2001
* *Clinical Handbook of Child Psychiatry and the Law*. Williams & Wilkins. 1992. ISBN 978-0-683-07589-2. (with Diane H. Schetky)
* *Juvenile Homicide*. American Psychiatric Press. 1989. ISBN 978-0-88048-145-8. (with Dewey G. Cornell)
* *The Secret Worry*. Human Sciences Press. 1984. ISBN 978-0-89885-133-5.
* *Emerging Issues in Child Psychiatry and the Law*. Brunner/Mazel. 1985. ISBN 978-0-87630-393-1. (with Diane H. Schetky)
* *What Would You Do? A child's book about divorce*. Saturday Evening Post Co. 1976. ISBN 978-0-88048-300-1. (with Barbara S. Cain)

### Book chapters

### Articles

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Elissa P. Benedek | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Elissa Panush
(1936-09-28) September 28, 1936
Detroit, Michigan |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | M.D., University of Michigan, 1960 |
| Occupation | Adjunct clinical professor of psychiatry |
| **Medical career** | |
| Institutions | University of Michigan |
| Sub-specialties | Child and adolescent psychiatry, forensic psychiatry |
|  | |


title: Anzhelika Sidorova

abstract: Anzhelika Aleksandrovna Sidorova is a Russian pole vaulter. Sidorova won a gold medal at the 2019 World Championships and a silver medal at the 2020 Summer Olympics. She also won silver medals at the 2014 IAAF World Indoor Championships and 2013 European Athletics U23 Championships, and a bronze medal at the 2013 European Athletics Indoor Championships. Sidorova's personal best is 5.01 m, set at the 2021 Zurich Diamond League finals, becoming one of only three women in the world to clear 5 metres outdoors.

text:
# Anzhelika Sidorova

**Anzhelika Aleksandrovna Sidorova** (Russian: Анжелика Александровна Сидорова, IPA: \[ɐnʐɨˈlʲikə ˈsʲidərəvə\]; born 28 June 1991) is a Russian pole vaulter. Sidorova won a gold medal at the 2019 World Championships and a silver medal at the 2020 Summer Olympics. She also won silver medals at the 2014 IAAF World Indoor Championships and 2013 European Athletics U23 Championships, and a bronze medal at the 2013 European Athletics Indoor Championships.

Sidorova's personal best is 5.01 m, set at the 2021 Zurich Diamond League finals, becoming one of only three women in the world to clear 5 metres outdoors.

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Representing  Russia | | | | | |
| 2010 | World Junior Championships | Moncton, Canada | 4th | 4.05 m |
| 2013 | European Indoor Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 3rd | 4.62 m |
| | European U23 Championships | Tampere, Finland | 2nd | 4.60 m |
| 2014 | World Indoor Championships | Sopot, Poland | 2nd | 4.70 m |
| | European Championships | Zürich, Switzerland | 1st | 4.65 m |
| 2015 | European Indoor Championships | Prague, Czech Republic | 1st | 4.80 m |
| | World Championships | Beijing, China |  | NM |
| Representing Authorized Neutral Athletes | | | | | |
| 2017 | World Championships | London, United Kingdom |  | NM |
| 2018 | World Indoor Championships | Birmingham, United Kingdom | 2nd | 4.90 m |
| | European Championships | Berlin, Germany | 4th | 4.70 m |
| | Continental Cup | Ostrava, Czech Republic | 1st | 4.85 m
(CR) |
| 2019 | European Indoor Championships | Glasgow, United Kingdom | 1st | 4.85 m |
| | World Championships | Doha, Qatar | 1st | 4.95 m |
| 2021 | Olympic Games | Tokyo, Japan | 2nd | 4.85 m |
| | Diamond League | Zurich, Switzerland | 1st | details |

## Awards

* In the 2020 edition of the national sports award **Pride of Russia**, in the nomination **Sportswoman of the Year**

## InfoBox

Anzhelika Sidorova
| Sidorova in 2021 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Nationality | Russian |
| Born | (1991-06-28) 28 June 1991
Moscow, Russia |
| Height | 170 cm (5 ft 7 in) |
| Weight | 52 kg (115 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Country | Russia |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Event | Pole vault |
| Achievements and titles | |
| Personal best(s) | Outdoor: 5.01 m (2021)
Indoor: 4.95 m (2020) |
| Medal record      Representing  ROC  Olympic Games  2020 Tokyo Pole vault  Representing  Authorised Neutral Athletes  World Championships  2019 Doha Pole vault  World Indoor Championships  2018 Birmingham Pole vault  European Indoor Championships  2019 Glasgow Pole vault  Representing  Russia  World Indoor Championships  2014 Sopot Pole vault  European Championships  2014 Zürich Pole vault  European Indoor Championships  2015 Praha Pole vault  2013 Gothenburg Pole vault  Representing  Europe  Continental Cup  2018 Ostrava Pole Vault | |


title: Apatophysis vedica

abstract: Apatophysis vedica is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus Apatophysis.

text:
# Apatophysis vedica

***Apatophysis vedica*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, in the subgenus *Apatophysis*.

## InfoBox

| *Apatophysis vedica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Apatophysis* |
| Species: | ***A. vedica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Apatophysis vedica***<br>Danilevsky, 2008 | |
|


title: Elachista heteroplaca

abstract: Elachista heteroplaca is a moth in the family Elachistidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1934. It is found in India.

text:
# Elachista heteroplaca

***Elachista heteroplaca*** is a moth in the family Elachistidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1934. It is found in India.

## InfoBox

| *Elachista heteroplaca* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Elachistidae |
| Genus: | *Elachista* |
| Species: | ***E. heteroplaca*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Elachista heteroplaca***<br>Meyrick, 1934 | |
|


title: Eubela awakinoensis

abstract: Eubela awakinoensis is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

text:
# Eubela awakinoensis

***Eubela awakinoensis*** is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.

## Description

## Distribution

* Powell, Arthur William Baden. *The New Zealand Recent and Fossil Mollusca of the Family Turridae: With General Notes on Turrid Nomenclature and Systematics. No. 2.* Unity Press limited, printers, 1942.
* Powell, A. W. B., 1966. *The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae, an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with list of characteristic species*. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 5:1-184
* Maxwell, P.A. (2009). Cenozoic Mollusca. pp 232–254 in Gordon, D.P. (ed.) New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume one. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch.

## InfoBox

| *Eubela awakinoensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Raphitomidae |
| Genus: | *Eubela* |
| Species: | ***E. awakinoensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eubela awakinoensis***<br>Powell, 1942 | |
|


title: Alvin "Shipwreck" Kelly

abstract: Aloysius Anthony Kelly, popularly known as Alvin "Shipwreck" Kelly, was a pole sitter who achieved fame in the 1920s and 1930s, sitting for days at a time on elevated perches throughout the United States.

text:
# Alvin "Shipwreck" Kelly

**Aloysius Anthony Kelly**, popularly known as **Alvin "Shipwreck" Kelly** (May 11, 1893 \[some accounts say 1885\] – October 11, 1952), was a pole sitter who achieved fame in the 1920s and 1930s, sitting for days at a time on elevated perches throughout the United States.

## Early life

Kelly was born in Manhattan's Hell's Kitchen neighborhood. His mother died during childbirth and his father died before he was born. He ran away and went to sea at the age of 13, and changed his name to Alvin. In his early years he worked as a steelworker, steeplejack, high diver, boxer and movie double. He was also a licensed pilot who performed aerial stunts. He served as an ensign in the U.S. Naval Auxiliary Reserve during World War I, serving from May 1918 to September 1921. During the war he served on the USS *Edgar F. Luckenbach*.

## Career

According to one account, Kelly climbed his first pole at the age of seven, and at nine he performed a "human fly" trick, climbing up the side of a building. He is credited with popularizing the pole-sitting fad after sitting atop a flagpole in 1924, either in response to a dare from a friend or as a publicity stunt to draw customers to a Philadelphia department store. In January of that year he sat on a pole for 13 hours and 13 minutes to publicize a movie.

In 1926, Kelly set a record by sitting atop a flagpole in St. Louis, Missouri for seven days and one hour; in June 1927, he planned to beat that record by sitting for eight days in Newark, New Jersey. He would end up sitting atop the Newark pole for twelve days, and on a pole in Baltimore's Carlin's Park for 23 days in 1929. In 1930, he set a world record by sitting on a flagpole on top of the Steel Pier in Atlantic City, 225 feet (69 m) high, for 49 days and one hour.

At the height of his fame as a latter-day stylite, he toured 28 cities, charging admission to people who wanted to stand on roofs to see his performance stunts. He also earned an income from endorsements, personal appearances and books about his life. He called himself "the luckiest fool in the world." He once calculated that over two decades he spent 20,613 hours sitting on flagpoles, of which 210 were in sub-freezing weather and 1400 hours in the rain. In one 1927 stunt, he climbed on a pole on a speeding biplane, sitting on a twelve-inch (30 cm) iron crossbar as the plane flew 500 feet (150 m) high. *The New York Times* reported that "he didn't get around to hanging by one hand, as he promised he would."

While pole sitting, Kelly was said to have subsisted mainly on coffee and cigarettes. He learned how to nap while sitting upright, and never was secured by more than a simple leg strap. He once claimed that he does not "take as many chances as a window cleaner." Journalist Jay Maeder wrote that "The newspapers were regularly full of pictures of Shipwreck Kelly, matter-of-factly brushing his teeth and shaving his face, hundreds of feet in the air." He said that he was able to sleep while pole sitting by putting his thumbs in holes in the pole shafts. If he swayed, the pain in his thumbs would force him to right himself without waking him up.

His career began to decline after the Wall Street Crash of 1929, and in 1934, he was working as a gigolo at a Broadway dance hall, Roseland, then a "dime a dance" hall. Journalist H. Allen Smith found him "wearing a tail coat and silk hat, sitting on a plush divan." By then, Kelly said, 17 people were claiming to be him, because few people knew what he looked like. In the 1930s, there was less tolerance for such stunts, and police took a dim view of the disruption it caused. In 1935, he attempted to break his Atlantic City record by sitting on a pole in the Bronx, but was aloft for less than a day before he was arrested as a public nuisance. He only climbed down from the pole after police threatened to cut it down.

One of his last major public appearances was on October 13, 1939: Kelly celebrated National Donut Dunking Week by sitting on a pole atop the Chanin Building on East 42nd Street in Manhattan and eating 13 donuts dunked into a coffee cup and fed to him while he stood on his head. However, by then that kind of work had pretty much dried up. He served in the United States Merchant Marine during World War II.

Accounts vary as to how Kelly acquired his nickname. He claimed to have survived during his lifetime five shipwrecks, two airplane and three automobile accidents, and one train wreck, all without injury. His wife told reporters that he was a survivor of the sinking of the RMS *Titanic*. However, there were only three *Titanic* survivors named Kelly and all were women, and "there is no reason to believe that he ever came near the *Titanic*." He is also said to have gained the nickname as a boxer, because "he was so often adrift in the ring that the handle became inevitable."

He was described in a 1939 article as a "stocky, blue-eyed, battered little Irishman" with "sparse red hair."

Kelly's last flagpole-sitting appearance was at an Orange, Texas event sponsored by the Lions Club on October 4, 1952, one week before his death. Two heart attacks forced him to come down from the 65-foot pole, and the club refused to let him go back up. He retired as a result of the heart attacks, saying "This is it. I'm through."

## Personal life

Kelly married an elevator operator, Frances Vivian Steele of Dallas, Texas, whom he met while pole sitting. They had a son, Alvin Kieran Kelly, who became a laborer for the Clyde Beatty Circus. In June 1973, the son was killed at the age of 45 by an elephant during a performance in Tenafly, New Jersey. A female Asiatic elephant lifted him in the air and then put him down and stepped on his chest, crushing him to death before a horrified crowd.

## Death

At the time of his death in October 1952, Kelly had become a "grizzled old man" – penniless and all but forgotten. He was by then a widower who had been on home relief for six months, and his son was in the U.S. Army overseas. He had been suffering from an asthmatic heart and hardening of the arteries.

Kelly died on October 11, 1952, when he was struck by a car while walking on Manhattan's West 51st Street, near the rooming house where he lived and not far from his birthplace. For a time his body was unclaimed at the morgue, but he was buried at Long Island National Cemetery in Farmingdale, New York.

Belongings found in Kelly's room included a duffel bag still packed with ropes and flagpole-sitting gear, "in case any fresh jobs came along." At the time of Kelly's death a scrapbook of his exploits was under his arm. He had titled the scrapbook "The Luckiest Fool on Earth."

## InfoBox

| Alvin "Shipwreck" Kelly | |
| --- | --- |
| "Shipwreck" Kelly pole sitting in 1942 | |
| Born | Aloysius Anthony Kelly
(1893-05-11)May 11, 1893
New York City, US |
| Died | October 11, 1952(1952-10-11) (aged 59)
New York City, US |
| Other names | Shipwreck Kelly |
| Occupation | Pole sitter |


title: Electromethanogenesis

abstract: Electromethanogenesis is a form of electrofuel production where methane is produced by direct biological conversion of electrical current and carbon dioxide. Methane producing technologies garnered interest from the scientific community prior to 2000, but electromethanogenesis did not become a significant area of interest until 2008. Publications concerning catalytic methanation have increased from 44 to over 130 since 2008. Electromethanogenesis has drawn more research due to its proposed applications. The production of methane from electrical current may provide an approach to renewable energy storage. Electrical current produced from renewable energy sources may, through electromethanogenesis, be converted into methane which may then be used as a biofuel. It may also be a useful method for the capture of carbon dioxide which may be used for air purification. In nature, methane formation occurs biotically and abiotically. Abiogenic methane is produced on a smaller scale and the required chemical reactions do not necessitate organic materials. Biogenic methane is produced in anaerobic natural environments where methane forms as the result of the breakdown of organic materials by microbes—or microorganisms. Researchers have found that the biogenic methane production process can be replicated in a laboratory environment through electromethanogenesis. The reduction of CO2 in electromethanogenesis is facilitated by an electrical current at a biocathode in a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) and with the help of microbes and electrons (Equation 1) or abiotically produced hydrogen (Equation 2). (1) CO2 + 8H+ + 8e− ↔ CH4 + 2H2O (2) CO2 + 4H2 ↔ CH4 + 2H2O

text:
# Electromethanogenesis

**Electromethanogenesis** is a form of electrofuel production where methane is produced by direct biological conversion of electrical current and carbon dioxide.

Methane producing technologies garnered interest from the scientific community prior to 2000, but electromethanogenesis did not become a significant area of interest until 2008. Publications concerning catalytic methanation have increased from 44 to over 130 since 2008. Electromethanogenesis has drawn more research due to its proposed applications. The production of methane from electrical current may provide an approach to renewable energy storage. Electrical current produced from renewable energy sources may, through electromethanogenesis, be converted into methane which may then be used as a biofuel. It may also be a useful method for the capture of carbon dioxide which may be used for air purification.

In nature, methane formation occurs biotically and abiotically. Abiogenic methane is produced on a smaller scale and the required chemical reactions do not necessitate organic materials. Biogenic methane is produced in anaerobic natural environments where methane forms as the result of the breakdown of organic materials by microbes—or microorganisms. Researchers have found that the biogenic methane production process can be replicated in a laboratory environment through electromethanogenesis. The reduction of CO2 in electromethanogenesis is facilitated by an electrical current at a **biocathode** in a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) and with the help of microbes and electrons (Equation 1) or abiotically produced hydrogen (Equation 2).

(1) CO2 \+ 8H+ \+ 8e ↔ CH4 \+ 2H2O

(2) CO2 \+ 4H2 ↔ CH4 \+ 2H2O

## Biocathode

A biocathode is a cathode used in a microbial electrolysis cell during electromethanogenesis that utilizes microorganisms to catalyze the process of accepting electrons and protons from the anode. A biocathode is usually made of a cheap material, such as carbon or graphite, like the anode in the MEC. The microbe population that is placed on the biocathode must be able to pick up electrons from the electrode material (carbon or graphite) and convert those electrons to hydrogen.

## Mechanism

The mechanism of electromethanogenesis is outlined in Figure 1. Water is introduced into the system with the anode, biocathode, and microbes. At the anode, microbes attract H2O molecules which are then oxidized after an electrical current is turned on from the power source. Oxygen is released from the anode side. The protons and electrons oxidized from the H2O move across the membrane where they move into the material that makes up the biocathode. The new microbe on the biocathode has the ability to transfer the new electrons from the biocathode material and convert them into protons. These protons are then used in the major pathway that drives methane production in electromethanogenesis—CO2 reduction. CO2 is brought in on the biocathode side of the system where it is reduced by the protons produced by the microorganisms to yield H2O and methane (CH4+). Methane is produced and can then be released from the biocathode side and stored.

## Limitations

One limitation is the energy loss in methane-producing bioelectrochemical systems. This occurs as a result of overpotentials occurring at the anode, membrane, and biocathode. The energy loss reduces efficiency significantly. Another limitation is the biocathode. Because the biocathode is so important in electron exchange and methane formation, its make-up can have a dramatic effect on the efficiency of the reaction. Efforts are being made to improve the biocathodes used in electromethanogenesis through combining new and existing materials, reshaping the materials, or applying different "pre-treatments" to the biocathode surface, thereby increasing biocompatibility.


title: En Busca de un Ídolo 2013

abstract: The 2013 En Busca de un Ídolo was a professional wrestling tournament held by Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). CMLL held their second annual En Busca de un Ídolo tournament in 2013, from May 17 until July 21, 2013 with all matches taking place in CMLL's main building, Arena México. Unlike the 2012 tournament where most of the participants were rookies, most of the 2013 En Busca de un Ídolo had been active wrestlers longer than most of the 2012 contestants, shifting the focus from "youth" to where wrestlers generally work on CMLL shows. None of the 2012 participants were included in the 2013 tournament. The "Theme" of the 2013 show was "Ahora o Nunca!". The first round of the tournament involved a Round-robin tournament format where each member of the tecnico team will face all four members of the rudo team between May 21 and June 11. The top two point earners from each group then faced off in the second round between June 21 and July 5. The finals of the tournament took July 12, 2013 and saw Vangelis defeat Valiente to win the tournament.

text:
# En Busca de un Ídolo 2013

The 2013 ***En Busca de un Ídolo*** (Spanish for "In search of an idol") was a professional wrestling tournament held by Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL). CMLL held their second annual *En Busca de un Ídolo* tournament in 2013, from May 17 until July 21, 2013 with all matches taking place in CMLL's main building, Arena México. Unlike the 2012 tournament where most of the participants were rookies, most of the 2013 *En Busca de un Ídolo* had been active wrestlers longer than most of the 2012 contestants, shifting the focus from "youth" to where wrestlers generally work on CMLL shows. None of the 2012 participants were included in the 2013 tournament. The "Theme" of the 2013 show was "*Ahora o Nunca!*" ("Now or Never"). The first round of the tournament involved a Round-robin tournament format where each member of the *tecnico* (wrestlers who portray the good guys) team will face all four members of the *rudo* (bad guy) team between May 21 and June 11. The top two point earners from each group then faced off in the second round between June 21 and July 5. The finals of the tournament took July 12, 2013 and saw Vangelis defeat Valiente to win the tournament.

## Participants

*Tecnico* team *Rudo* team

## Point system

Wrestlers could earn points in a couple of ways during the tournament.

* Match results

* 20 Points for a victory
* 10 Points for a draw
* 0 points for a loss
* Judging

* The tournament also included four judges, referee El Tirantes, Tony Salazar, Último Guerrero and Brazo de Plata. The judges awarded up to 10 points each based on a wrestlers performance, including the way they portray their character, their personality, their charisma, and how much of a fan response they get during their matches.
* Online Poll

* The third way to earn points for the tournament was through an online poll conducted after each match on the *En Busca de un Ídolo* website. The online poll could give a wrestler a maximum of 40 additional points in the tournament each week.

## Round one

Final score

| **No.** | **Wrestler:** | **Match** | **Judging** | **Poll** | **Total Points** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Valiente | 60 | 121 | 152 | 333 |
| 2 | Vangelis | 60 | 84 | 136 | 280 |
| 3 | Stuka Jr. | 40 | 100 | 138 | 278 |
| 4 | Fuego | 40 | 86 | 80 | 206 |
| 5 | El Hijo del Fantasma | 60 | 114 | 28 | 202 |
| 6 | Tiger | 40 | 102 | 22 | 164 |
| 7 | Sangre Azteca | 0 | 95 | 45 | 140 |
| 8 | Misterioso Jr. | 20 | 53 | 42 | 115 |

## Round two

Final score

| **No.** | **Wrestler:** | **Match** | **Judging** | **Poll** | **Total Points** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Vangelis | 60 | 117 | 83 | 260 |
| 2 | Valiente | 40 | 104 | 106 | 250 |
| 3 | Stuka Jr. | 20 | 91 | 114 | 225 |
| 4 | Fuego | 0 | 93 | 63 | 156 |

## Finals and aftermath

On July 12, 2013 Vangelis defeated Valiente to win the tournament. Following his tournament victory Vangelis was invited to join El Terrible and Rey Bucanero in *La Fuerza TRT*, pushing Tiger out of the group.

## InfoBox

| *En Busca de un Ídolo 2013* | |
| --- | --- |
| Último Guerrero judge in the 2013 tournament. | |
| Promotion | Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre |
| Date | May 17, 2013 – July 21, 2013 |
| City | Mexico City, Mexico |
| Venue | Arena México |
| Tagline(s) | *"*Ahora o Nunca!*"
("Now or Never")* |
| Event chronology | |
| **Previous**
Arena Mexico 57th Anniversary Show **Next**
*Sin Salida* | |
| *En Busca de un Ídolo* chronology | |
| **Previous**
2012 **Next**
2014 | |


title: Anti-Corrida Alliance

abstract: The Alliance Anticorrida is a law association founded in May 1994 in Nîmes which works for the abolition of bullfights, the suppression of injuries and mutilations inflicted on animals used during bullfighting shows, and the protection of minors.

text:
# Anti-Corrida Alliance

The **Alliance Anticorrida** is a law association founded in May 1994 in Nîmes which works for the abolition of bullfights, the suppression of injuries and mutilations inflicted on animals used during bullfighting shows, and the protection of minors.

## Means of action

The Anticorrida Alliance implements legal remedies against any bullfighting activity contrary to legislation in force. It creates informative work with the publication of four-monthly reviews and the edition of three works, *La Mort donnée en spectacle* (1998), *On est toujours le taureau de quelqu'un* (2003), and *La Face cachée des corridas* (2006).

In the summer season, it conducts 4 × 3 poster campaigns in large cities and displays air-towed banners on the Mediterranean coast.

The Anticorrida Alliance organized events bringing together between 1,800 and 3,000 participants in Nîmes in 2010 and between 2,000 and 3,000 people in 2012.

It has supported legislative proposals aimed at restricting or prohibiting bullfighting. It was associated with the steps which led the European Parliament to vote for the abolition of aid from the Common Agricultural Policy for Bullfighters in 2015.

## Results obtained

In June 1997, one complaint from the Anticorrida Alliance led to Robert Pilès, the director of the arenas of Nîmes who had employed the bullfighter El Juli, then twelve years old, being condemned for breach of labor law \[ref. required\].

On April 11, 2000, the prefect of Hérault takes a decree prohibiting the practice of "bull rope" in this department. On January 8, 2015, The President of the Court of Tarascon prohibits the bull rope in the Bouches-du-Rhône after being seized by the Alliance. On June 25, 2015, the Aix-en-Provence Court of Appeal confirms the ban on bull rope in this department, previously ignored by the town of Eyragues, whose festival committee organized three times a year with the bullfighting club Paul Ricard La Bourgine, under the name of Encierro à l'Eyraguaise, when this practice was prohibited by a prefectoral decree on June 4, 1966.

On February 12, 2008, the Anticorrida Alliance obtained from Xavier Darcos of the Ministry of National Education a note prohibiting all proselytism in favor of corrida in educational establishments. On September 30, 2015, a bull and a bullfighter were thus erased from a drawing appearing in the courtyard of the school Prosper Mérimée, in Nîmes.

In August 2008, Anti-Corrida Alliance canceled two bullfights in Arles and Fontvieille with the participation of minors including Michelito, aged ten.

The association largely participated in the stop of bullfights by the mayor Élie Brun in Fréjus in 2010. \[ref.required\]

In terms of charitable movements, five NGOs: Emmaüs, Rêves, Restos du Coeur, France ADOT, and the APF refused money from bullfights called "charitable".

Finally, several company managers have eliminated from their communication any reference to bullfighting: IKEA, Afflelou.

1. "Des affiches 'choc' dans les villes taurines". *lindependant.fr* (in French). Retrieved 2020-03-25.
2. "Manifestations à Nîmes des anti et des pro-corrida". *Metronews* (in French). Archived from the original on 2015-12-26.
3. "NÎMES : DE 2.000 à 3.000 PERSONNES POUR LA MARCHE DES ANIMAUX – Objectif Gard". *Objectifgard* (in French). Retrieved 2020-03-25.
4. "Le retour des taureaux à Fréjus réveille les antagonismes entre pro et anticorrida". *Var-Matin* (in French). 2014-08-31. Retrieved 2020-03-25.
5. "BOUCHES-DU-RHÔNE. Eyragues : le taureau à la corde interdit". *www.ledauphine.com* (in French). Retrieved 2020-03-25.
6. "Bouches-du-Rhône : une plainte vise le maire du village d'Eyragues". *midilibre.fr* (in French). Retrieved 2020-03-25.
7. "Le dernier bastion du taureau à la corde contesté devant le tribunal de Tarascon". *midilibre.fr* (in French). Retrieved 2020-03-25.
8. "Bouches-du-Rhône : le taureau à la corde interdit à Eyragues". *midilibre.fr* (in French). Retrieved 2020-03-25.
9. "Corrida: le ministère de l'Education demande à 3 recteurs d'éviter "tout prosélytisme"". *ladepeche.fr* (in French). Retrieved 2020-03-25.
10. "FAIT DU JOUR L'alliance anticorrida fait effacer un dessin à l'école Prosper Mérimée – Objectif Gard" (in French). Retrieved 2020-03-25.
11. AFP, C. J. et L. D. (lefigaro fr )avec (2008-08-02). "Le "bébé toréador" privé d'arène". *Le Figaro.fr* (in French). Retrieved 2020-03-25.
12. "Dax : Emmaüs ne veut pas des sous offerts par les aficionados". *SudOuest.fr* (in French). Retrieved 2020-03-25.
13. "Bayonne : Ikea retire son affiche de corrida". *SudOuest.fr* (in French). Retrieved 2020-03-25.
14. "Les antitaurins interpellent Alain Afflelou". *SudOuest.fr* (in French). Retrieved 2020-03-25.

## InfoBox

Anti-Corrida Alliance
|
|  |
| Formation | May 1994 |
| Founder | Claire Starozinski |
| Founded at | Nîmes, France |
| Purpose | Animal Rights and Children's Rights |
| Website | http://www.allianceanticorrida.fr/ |


title: Drumkeeran

abstract: Drumkeeran, also Drumkeerin, is a village and townland in County Leitrim, Ireland, located at the junction of the R280 and R200 roads. It is situated in drumlin hills at the foot of Corry Mountain, just north of Lough Allen.

text:
# Drumkeeran

**Drumkeeran** (Irish: *Droim Caorthainn*), also **Drumkeerin**, is a village and townland in County Leitrim, Ireland, located at the junction of the R280 and R200 roads. It is situated in drumlin hills at the foot of Corry Mountain, just north of Lough Allen.

## History

Throughout at least the 19th and 20th centuries, a number of annual fairs were held at Drumkeeran on- 10 February, 8 March, 12 April, 27 May, 18 June (or 24th), 19 July, 18 August, 16 September, 19 October, 11 November, 9 December, and 22 December. In 1925, Drumkeerin village comprised 54 houses, 11 being licensed to sell alcohol.

Long ago Ireland had been covered in Woodland, a claim echoed in a 19th-century survey of Leitrim- "*A hundred years ago almost the whole country was one continued, undivided forest, so that from Drumshanbo to Drumkeeran, a distance of nine or ten miles, one could travel the whole way from tree to tree by branches*". These great forests in Leitrim and on the west side of Lough Allen were denuded for the making for Charcoal for Iron works around Slieve Anierin. Immense piles of cleared timber existed in this area in 1782.

## Community organisations

The Drumkeerin Development Association was formed around 1970. In 1986, Drumkeerin Community Council was established to address the economic development of the village. In 1992, the Drumkeerin Tourist and Development Company was incorporated in order to effect plans of the Community Council.

Drumkeerin GAA club was founded in 1933 and represents the parish area of Inishmagrath.

## Transport

Bus Éireann route 462 serves the village on Fridays providing links to Sligo and Manorhamilton. Route 469 serves the village on Saturdays providing a link to Drumshanbo, Carrick on Shannon and Longford.

## Churches

Churches in the area include St Brigid's Roman Catholic church (built 1869), St Joseph's Church of Ireland church (1833), and St Patricia's Presbyterian church (1844).

## Notable people

### Notes

### Sources

## InfoBox

| Drumkeeran *Droim Caorthainn* | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Main Street (R280 road) | |
| DrumkeeranLocation in Ireland | |
| Coordinates: 54°10′13″N 8°08′33″W / 54.1704°N 8.1426°W / 54.1704; -8.1426 | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Connacht |
| County | County Leitrim |
| Elevation | 92 m (302 ft) |
| Population (2016) | 220 |
| Irish Grid Reference | G902241 |


title: Allorhizocola rhizosphaerae

abstract: Allorhizocola rhizosphaerae is a species of bacteria from the family Micromonosporaceae which has been isolated from rhizospheric soil from the plant Calligonum mongolicum from the Xinjiang Province.

text:
# Allorhizocola rhizosphaerae

***Allorhizocola rhizosphaerae*** is a species of bacteria from the family Micromonosporaceae which has been isolated from rhizospheric soil from the plant *Calligonum mongolicum* from the Xinjiang Province.

## InfoBox

| *Allorhizocola rhizosphaerae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Actinomycetota |
| Class: | Actinomycetia |
| Order: | Micromonosporales |
| Family: | Micromonosporaceae |
| Genus: | *Allorhizocola*
Sun et al. 2019 |
| Species: | ***A. rhizosphaerae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Allorhizocola rhizosphaerae***
Sun et al. 2019 | |
|
| Type strain | |
| CPCC 204380
DSM 102292
KCTC 39746 | |


title: El Copey

abstract: El Copey is a town and municipality in the Colombian Department of Cesar, in the northeast of Colombia. It is 105 km away from the Capitol of the department, Valledupar.

text:
# El Copey

**El Copey** is a town and municipality in the Colombian Department of Cesar, in the northeast of Colombia. It is 105 km away from the Capitol of the department, Valledupar.

10°09′N 73°58′W / 10.150°N 73.967°W / 10.150; -73.967

## InfoBox

| El Copey | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
|  | |
| Location of the municipality and town of El Copey in the Department of Cesar. | |
| Country | Colombia |
| Region | Caribbean |
| Department | Cesar |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Pablo Ordoñez
(Colombian Liberal Party) |
| Population (Census 2018) | |
| Total | 28,550 |
| Time zone | UTC-5 |
| Website |
elcopey-cesar.gov.co/ |


title: 1546 in Sweden

abstract: Events from the year 1546 in Sweden

text:
# 1546 in Sweden

Events from the year **1546 in Sweden**

## Incumbents

## Events

## Births

*
*
*
*
*

## Deaths

*
*
*
*
*

## InfoBox

| **Years in Sweden:** | 1543 1544 1545 **1546** 1547 1548 1549 |
| --- | --- |
| **Centuries:** | 15th century · **16th century** · 17th century |
| **Decades:** | 1510s 1520s 1530s **1540s** 1550s 1560s 1570s |
| **Years:** | 1543 1544 1545 **1546** 1547 1548 1549 |


title: Electrical artificer

abstract: An electrical artificer (EA) is an electrical technician competent in the electrical maintenance of ship's machinery such as engines and generators. This was originally a Royal Navy term for those trained and competent in the installation and maintenance of ships electrical systems. The title has been replaced in the Royal Navy. However the Irish Naval Service continues to use the term "electrical artificer" for electrical technicians. A distinctive propeller insignia is worn to identify these personnel.

text:
# Electrical artificer

An **electrical artificer** (**EA**) is an electrical technician competent in the electrical maintenance of ship's machinery such as engines and generators. This was originally a Royal Navy term for those trained and competent in the installation and maintenance of ships electrical systems.

The title has been replaced in the Royal Navy. However the Irish Naval Service continues to use the term "electrical artificer" for electrical technicians. A distinctive propeller insignia is worn to identify these personnel.

## Training

Training is provided in the National Maritime College of Ireland (incorporated into the Cork Institute of Technology). Prior to its closure (in 1998), a number of electrical artificers were trained in the Irish Army Apprentice School and transferred to the Naval Service on completion of training.

## Ranks

Rank on completion of training is 'able EA', followed by promotion based on experience and training to 'leading EA', 'petty officer EA' and 'chief petty officer EA'. The highest possible rank is 'warrant officer EA' of which there is only one in the Irish Naval Service.


abstract: The Electrical and Electronics Institute (EEI) is a not-for-profit entity under the Foundation for Industrial Development (FID), which itself falls under the Ministry of Industry (Thailand).

text:
# Electrical and Electronics Institute of Thailand

**The Electrical and Electronics Institute** (EEI) is a not-for-profit entity under the Foundation for Industrial Development (FID), which itself falls under the Ministry of Industry (Thailand).

## History and mission

The Electrical and Electronics Institute (EEI) was established on July 7, 1998. The EEI was set up as an autonomous body but is under the supervision of the Ministry of Industry of Thailand (MOI). It is operated as a non-profit organization and receives an investment grant from the Thai government each year.

The EEI was established to strengthen the competitiveness of the Thai electrical and electronics industry n international markets. It carries out its mission by coordinating between the private sector and the government. In addition to the MOI, it has shown to have working relationships with The Thai Industrial Standards Institute (TISI) (which transferred some of its activities to it in 1999), the Thailand Board of Investment (BOI) and The Ministry of Commerce (MOC).

In 2005 EEI was involved in the Capacity Building for a Recycling-Based Economy in APEC project. In this project they co-organized a symposium for APEC Capacity Building on a Recycling-based Economy: Guidelines for Thailand where EEI's director, Mr. Charuek Hengrasmee, gave a presentation on Current Status of Recycling in E&E Industry in Thailand.

It was reported on November 8, 2016 that the EEI, along with the 10 other independent organizations under the Ministry of Industry, were to be tasked to develop key Thai industries. This was part of the Ministry of Industry's proposed plan for a new venture capital fund to support startups and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in gaining access to funding.

In September 2020, the Bangkok Post reported that the EEI was jointly conducting a study with the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), the Pollution Control Department, and the Federation of Thai Industries to create a business model for electronic waste management to better cope with the surge of hazardous rubbish in Thailand. The study is expected to take over a year, ending in November 2021.

## Activities

The EEI activities cover the following areas:

1. Safety testing of electrical and electronics products and parts based on TISI Standards
2. Compulsory standards testing required by TISI
3. Voluntary standards testing services to satisfy the demand from the private sector for export, import and manufacturing
4. CE-Marking Test according to EU Directive

The EEI also arranges mutual recognition agreements (MRA) on electrical and electronic products as well as proposes Thai national standards of electrical and electronics products through TISI.

The EEI also creates forecasts and other data related reports for Thailand's electrical and electronics (E&E) industry.

## Foundation for Industrial Development

EEI, along with seven sister institutes, falls under the oversight of the Foundation for Industrial Development (FID), which is sometimes referred to in translation as *The Industrial Development Foundation*. The Board of Directors of the FID provides oversight to the Board of Directors of the institute.

The other institutes under the FID are:

## Ministry of Industry Network

On 1 March 2019, the driving committee of the institutions under the Ministry of Industry aimed to create public awareness of its network of institutions. An Industry Network logo was created to be used in publicizing the mission of the institution networks as a symbol of their cooperation in driving Thailand's mission in the digital age. EEI is one of the institutes in this network and displays the symbol as one of its members.

## InfoBox

Electrical and Electronics Institute
|
|  |
| Abbreviation | EEI |
| Formation | 7 July 1998 |
| Founder | Government of Thailand |
| Type | Not-for-profit |
| Headquarters | 6th Floor, Department of Industrial Works Building, 57 Prasumen Road (Banglumphu), Pranakorn, Bangkok 10200 |
| Location | * Thailand |
| Coordinates | 13°44′42″N 100°29′28″E / 13.745112°N 100.491077°E / 13.745112; 100.491077 |
| Leader | Mr.Narat Rujirat |
| Board of directors | Executive Director |
| Parent organization | Foundation for Industrial Development (FID) |
| Affiliations | Ministry of Industry Network |
| Website | www.thaieei.com |


title: 15th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)

abstract: The 15th Infantry Brigade, later 15 Brigade, was an infantry brigade of the British Army. It was part of the regular 5th Infantry Division during the First World War and Second World War, and was subsequently part of the 2nd Infantry Division in the north of the United Kingdom, with specific responsibility for the areas of North East England and Yorkshire and the Humber.

text:
# 15th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)

The **15th Infantry Brigade**, later **15 (North East) Brigade**, was an infantry brigade of the British Army. It was part of the regular 5th Infantry Division during the First World War and Second World War, and was subsequently part of the 2nd Infantry Division in the north of the United Kingdom, with specific responsibility for the areas of North East England and Yorkshire and the Humber.

## History

### Formation

The 15th Infantry Brigade was first formed in 1905 at Fermoy and up to the outbreak of the First World War continued to serve in Ireland. The Brigade, which at that time consisted of 1st Battalion, Norfolk Regiment, 1st Battalion, Dorset Regiment, 1st Battalion, Cheshire Regiment and 2nd Battalion, Highland Light Infantry, was mobilized on 5 August 1914 and crossed to France as part the 5th Division with the British Expeditionary Force.

### First World War

During the opening months of the War, the Brigade had its full share of fighting and saw action at Mons, Le Cateau, at the crossings of the Marne and Aisne and in the first battles in Flanders.

The Brigade has chosen Ypres, November 1914, as the Brigade Battle and there is an annual Brigade Dinner to celebrate it. The Brigade fought in all four battles of Ypres.

The Brigade distinguished itself in various battles. One of the most notable was the attack on Hill 60 near Ypres in 1915. Hill 60 was the highest point on what was known as the "Caterpillar Ridge" and as such was an excellent post for observation of the ground area around Zillebeke and Ypres. The 5th Division, composed of 13th, 14th and 15th brigades, had the task of securing Hill 60 and the ridge line. The Hill was taken between 17 and 19 April 1915, with heavy losses, and the subsequent German counterattack in early May was particularly ferocious. The Germans, unable to obtain victory, eventually resorted to the use of chlorine gas and Brigade casualties during the first week in May 1915 were 33 officers and 1,553 men. However, the line was held until reliefs were brought forward and the Brigade withdrawn.

The last battle of the Great War in November 1918 found 15th Brigade in the forefront of the advance, east of the River Sambre.

#### Order of battle

### The Inter-War Years

Following the war the 15th Brigade returned to Belfast where it commanded 1st Battalion, Dorsetshire Regiment, 1st Battalion, Somerset Light Infantry, 1st Durham Light Infantry and 1st Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps. In 1924 the 15th Brigade moved to Germany as part of the British Army of the Rhine and was renamed **1st Rhine Brigade**. The Brigade was reformed, as 15th Infantry Brigade in October.

### Second World War

The brigade was formed from regular units on the outbreak of war on 3 September 1939. When the 5th Division was sent to France late 1939, the 15th Brigade was sent instead in May to Norway, as part of Sickleforce to participate in the unsuccessful Norwegian Campaign, under the command of Lieutenant-General H.R.S.Massey. The brigade was reunited with the 5th Division on 3 August.

The Brigade served with this formation for the rest of the war, seeing action in the Allied invasion of Sicily in July 1943 and Italian Campaign later in the year. After participating in the later stages of the Battle of Anzio, the brigade was deployed to garrison duties in the Middle East before being transferred to North-western Europe on 3 March 1945. The brigade was disbanded in Hanover on 31 March 1948.

#### Order of battle

### Reformation

The Brigade was reformed in 1982, as a Territorial Army formation, which in turn was part of the 2nd Infantry Division. The Brigade's Headquarters were at Alanbrooke Barracks and its first commander in this new role was Brigadier Michael Aris. Its organisation and role were tested in Exercise Keystone in 1983, when it consisted of:

In 1999, having been a territorial formation for many years, the brigade was made responsible for both regular and territorial units in the North East, when the Second Division became a "Regenerative Division", responsible for the north of England and Scotland.

This brigade was merged with the former 4th Mechanised Brigade to become the Headquarters North East section of 4th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters North East based in Catterick.

## Role and Structure

In 1989 the 15th Infantry Brigade, (at that time a Reserve Brigade), had the following structure

**Structure 1989:**

15th (North East) Brigade was a Regional Brigade responsible for the recruiting of soldiers and Officers for the Regular and Territorial Army. It trained the Territorial Army for operations, provided a command and control focus for all military support to civilian authorities during civil emergencies e.g. flooding and was responsible for providing the "Firm Base" to the Regular Army within its area. The brigade had its headquarters at Imphal Barracks in York and included the following units:

## Commanders

The following officers commanded the 15th Brigade during its existence:

* Brigadier-General Richard L. Payne: July 1905-March 1907
* Brigadier-General Vesey J. Dawson: March 1907-April 1908
* Major-General Alexander Wilson: April 1908-August 1911
* Brigadier-General Count Gleichen: August 1911-March 1915
* Brigadier-General Edward Northey: March-June 1915
* Brigadier-General Martin N. Turner: June 1915-November 1917
* Brigadier-General Richard D. F. Oldman: November 1917-1919
* Brigadier-General George T. C. Carter-Campbell: November 1919-July 1921
* Colonel-Commandant Herbert C. Potter: July 1921-December 1922
* Colonel-Commandant Sir Percy C. B. Skinner: December 1922-1923
* Colonel-Commandant Bertram N. Sergison-Brooke: April-December 1927
* Brigadier Charles E. Heathcote: December 1929-April 1932
* Brigadier George C. Kelly: April 1932-October 1934
* Brigadier Archibald B. Beauman: October 1934-October 1938
* Brigadier Henry B. D. Willcox: October 1938-January 1939
* Brigadier Horatio P. M. Berney-Ficklin: July 1939-22 April 1940
* Brigadier H. E. F. Smyth: 22–25 April 1940
* Lieutenant-Colonel A. L. Kent-Lemon: 25 April – 25 May 1940 (acting)
* Brigadier H. P. M. Berney-Ficklin: 25 May – 20 June 1940
* Lieutenant-Colonel A. E. Robinson: 20–22 June 1940 (acting)
* Brigadier J. A. H. Gammell: 22 June – 23 July 1940
* Brigadier Hector R. N. Greenfield: 25 July 1940 – 8 March 1943
* Brigadier George S. Rawstorne: 8 March – 19 August 1943
* Brigadier E. Owen Martin: 19 August 1943 – 22 January 1944
* Brigadier John Y. Whitfield: 22 January – 29 April 1944
* Lieutenant-Colonel P. St Clair-Ford: 29 April – 6 May 1944 (acting)
* Brigadier J. Y. Whitfield: 6 May – 2 July 1944
* Lieutenant Colonel P. St Clair-Ford: 2–13 July 1944 (acting)
* Brigadier Christopher Huxley: 13 July 1944 – 21 June 1945
* Brigadier David Russell Morgan: 21 June 1945 – October 1946
* Brigadier James F. S. McLaren: October 1946-June 1947
* Brigadier Richard W. Goodbody: June 1947-January 1948
* Brigadier Michael A. Aris: January 1982-November 1984
* Brigadier Peter S. Morton: November 1984-April 1987
* Brigadier Timothy D. V. Bevan: April 1987-January 1990
* Brigadier Anthony de C. L. Leask: January 1990-December 1991
* Brigadier Christopher J. Marchant-Smith: December 1991-December 1994
* Brigadier J.Austin Thorp: December 1994-July 1997
* Brigadier Alan P. Deed: July 1997-June 2000
* Brigadier Andrew P. Farquhar: June 2000-September 2002
* Brigadier David A. H. Shaw: September 2002-August 2004
* Brigadier Richard W. Dennis: August 2004-January 2008
* Brigadier David J. H. Maddan: January 2008-December 2010
* Brigadier Greville K. Bibby CBE: January 2011-December 2014

## InfoBox

| 15th Brigade
1st Rhine Brigade
15th Infantry Brigade
15 (North East) Brigade | |
| --- | --- |
| Merlin Insignia of 15 (North East) Brigade | |
| Active | 1905–1948
1982–2014 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | British Army |
| Type | Infantry
Regular and Territorial Army |
| Size | Brigade |
| Part of | Support Command |
| Garrison/HQ | Imphal Barracks, York |
| Engagements | First World War:
Battle of Mons
Battle of Le Cateau
First Battle of Ypres
Battle of the Somme
Third Battle of Ypres
Vimy Ridge
Battle of Épehy
Second World War:
Norwegian Campaign
Operation Husky
Italian Campaign
North West Europe Campaign
Post War:
Battle of Surabaya |