title: 1956 10 Hours of Messina

abstract: The 4th 10 Hours of Messina was a sports car race, held on 26 August 1956 in the street circuit of Messina, Italy. In this edition Automobile Club d'Italia to avoid the cancellation he decided to reduce the race to only 5 hours starting at 20 and arriving at 1 in the night, moreover, the route has been reduced by about a kilometer to free the transit for the Regina Margherita hospital.

text:
# 1956 10 Hours of Messina

The **4th 10 Hours of Messina** was a sports car race, held on 26 August 1956 in the street circuit of Messina, Italy.

In this edition Automobile Club d'Italia to avoid the cancellation he decided to reduce the race to only 5 hours starting at 20 and arriving at 1 in the night, moreover, the route has been reduced by about a kilometer to free the transit for the *Regina Margherita hospital*.

## Final standings

* Started: 24
* Classified: 11

| # | Drivers | Team | Average speed | Cause of retirement |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Phil Hill | Ferrari 500 TR | 116.844 km/h |  |
| 2. | Franco Bordoni | Maserati 300S |  |  |
| 3. | António Borges Barreto | Ferrari |  |  |
| 4. | Franco Cortese | Ferrari 500 TR |  |  |
| 5. | Canova | Ferrari |  |  |
| 6. | Chico Landi
Gerino Gerini | Maserati 200S |  |  |
| 7. | Alotta
Alfonso Vella | Maserati 200S |  |  |
| 8. | Aurelio Garavaglia | Maserati 150S |  |  |
| 9. | Bob Hicks
Jo Bonnier | Lotus Eleven |  |  |
| 10. | Mario Ricci | Gordini 3.0 |  |  |
| 11. | Mario Piccolo | Giaur 750 |  |  |
| *not classified* | Benoit Musy | Maserati |  | Last lap too long |
| DNF | Jo Bonnier | Alfa Romeo 6CM 3000 |  | Accident |
| | Gerino Gerini | ? |  |  |
| | Hans Herrmann | Porsche |  |  |
| | Piero Carini | Ferrari 500 TR |  |  |
| | Munaron | ? |  |  |
| | Herbert Mackay-Fraser | Ferrari 750 Monza |  |  |
| | Gaetano Starrabba | Ferrari 500 TR |  |  |

## InfoBox

| 1956 10 Hours of Messina | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Previous race Next race | | | |
| The race director Renzo Castagneto flies the chess flag to the winner Phil Hill on Ferrari. | | | |
| Race details | | | |
| Date | 26 August 1956 (1956-08-26) | | |
| Official name | 10 Hours of Messina | | |
| Location | Messina, Italy | | |
| Distance | 157 laps, 584,221 km | | |
| Fastest lap | | | |
| Driver | Phil Hill | Ferrari 500TR |
| Time | 3:15 on lap (123.690 km/h) | | |
| Podium | | | |
| First |  | Ferrari 500TR |
| Second |  | Ferrari |
| Third |  | Maserati 300S |


title: 1971–72 NTFL season

abstract: The 1971–72 NTFL season was the 51st season of the Northern Territory Football League (NTFL). St Marys have won their eighth premiership title while defeating the Darwin in the grand final by one point.

text:
# 1971–72 NTFL season

The **1971–72 NTFL season** was the 51st season of the Northern Territory Football League (NTFL).

St Marys have won their eighth premiership title while defeating the Darwin in the grand final by one point.

## Grand Final

| Premiers | GF Score | Runner-up |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **St. Marys** | 13.7 (85) - 12.12 (84) | Darwin |

## InfoBox

| 1971–72 NTFL season | |
| --- | --- |
| Teams | 5 |
| Premiers | St Marys
8th premiership |
| Minor premiers | Darwin |
| Wooden spooners | Wanderers
19th wooden spoon |
|  | |


title: Ballymena Area D

abstract: Ballymena Area D was one of the four district electoral areas in Ballymena, Northern Ireland which existed from 1973 to 1985. The district elected six members to Ballymena Borough Council, and formed part of the North Antrim constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament. It was created for the 1973 local elections, and contained the wards of Ballyloughan, Castle Demesne, Dunclug, Fair Green, Park and Waveney. It was abolished for the 1985 local elections and replaced by the Ballymena Town DEA.

text:
# Ballymena Area D

**Ballymena Area D** was one of the four district electoral areas in Ballymena, Northern Ireland which existed from 1973 to 1985. The district elected six members to Ballymena Borough Council, and formed part of the North Antrim constituencies for the Northern Ireland Assembly and UK Parliament.

It was created for the 1973 local elections, and contained the wards of Ballyloughan, Castle Demesne, Dunclug, Fair Green, Park and Waveney. It was abolished for the 1985 local elections and replaced by the Ballymena Town DEA.

## Councillors

| Election | Councillor
(Party) | | Councillor
(Party) | | Councillor
(Party) | | Councillor
(Party) | | Councillor
(Party) | | Councillor
(Party) | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1981** |  | Maurice Mills
(DUP) |  | James Alexander
(DUP) |  | Robert Maternaghan
(DUP) |  | Gordon Wilson
(UUP) |  | Samuel Henry
(Independent Unionist)/
(UUP) |  | Patrick Burke
(Independent) |
| | | | | **1977** |  | | Muriel Lamont
(Alliance) | | | | | William Rainey
(UUP) |
| | | **1973** |  | R. L. D. Pinkerton
(UUP) | J. O'Mullan
(Alliance) | | David Thompson
(UUP) |  | | | |

## 1981 Election

**1977:** 2 x DUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x Independent, 1 x Independent Unionist

**1981:** 3 x DUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x Independent, 1 x Independent Unionist

**1977-1981 Change:** DUP gain from Alliance

Ballymena Area D - 6 seats
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|  | Independent | **Patrick Burke*** | 20.12% | **1,331** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | DUP | **Maurice Mills*** | 16.82% | **1,113** |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Ind. Unionist | **Samuel Henry*** | 11.94% | 790 | **972.35** |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | DUP | **James Alexander*** | 13.57% | 898 | 900.1 | **983.2** |  |  |  |  |
|  | UUP | **Gordon Wilson** | 8.27% | 547 | 553.65 | 558.45 | 558.87 | 560.91 | 803.69 | **917.34** |
|  | DUP | **Robert Maternaghan** | 11.46% | 758 | 758.7 | 824.55 | 860.25 | 860.31 | 868.8 | **893.26** |
|  | UUP | Kenneth Wood | 7.57% | 501 | 524.1 | 527.25 | 527.6 | 530.96 | 662.67 | 802.89 |
|  | Independent | Samuel Barr | 4.28% | 283 | 434.2 | 436.9 | 437.18 | 455.9 | 472.22 |  |
|  | UUP | James Rainey | 5.97% | 395 | 408.65 | 413.75 | 414.1 | 415.3 |  |  |
| **Electorate:** 11,475   **Valid:** 6,616 (57.66%)   **Spoilt:** 139   **Quota:** 946   **Turnout:** 6,755 (58.87%) | | | | | | | | | | |

## 1977 Election

**1973:** 3 x UUP, 1 x DUP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x Independent

**1977:** 2 x DUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x Independent, 1 x Independent Unionist

**1973-1977 Change:** DUP gain from UUP, Independent Unionist leaves UUP

Ballymena Area D - 6 seats
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
|  | Independent | **Patrick Burke*** | 18.93% | **990** |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Ind. Unionist | **Samuel Henry*** | 15.49% | **810** |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Alliance | **Muriel Lamont** | 12.85% | 672 | **882.08** |  |  |  |  |
|  | UUP | **William Rainey** | 12.89% | 674 | 683.1 | 736.4 | **764.56** |  |  |
|  | DUP | **Maurice Mills*** | 12.18% | 637 | 638.56 | 640.9 | 644.66 | 702.56 | **706.24** |
|  | DUP | **James Alexander** | 11.61% | 607 | 609.08 | 611.94 | 615.06 | 667.66 | **671.66** |
|  | DUP | Robert McAuley | 10.50% | 549 | 552.64 | 553.42 | 556.38 | 582.42 | 583.94 |
|  | UUP | David Thompson\* | 5.55% | 290 | 297.28 | 326.66 | 348.66 |  |  |
| **Electorate:** 11,819   **Valid:** 5,229 (44.24%)   **Spoilt:** 176   **Quota:** 748   **Turnout:** 5,405 (45.73%) | | | | | | | | | |

## 1973 Election

**1973:** 3 x UUP, 1 x DUP, 1 x Alliance, 1 x Independent

Ballymena Area D - 6 seats
| Party | | Candidate | FPv% | Count | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 1 | | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
|  | UUP | **Samuel Henry** | 34.37% | **2,321** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | DUP | **Maurice Mills** | 19.81% | **1,338** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Independent | **Patrick Burke** | 11.58% | 782 | 823.18 | 826.54 | 903.82 | 907.82 | 955.46 | **967.36** |  |  |
|  | UUP | **R. L. D. Pinkerton** | 2.71% | 183 | 555.94 | 574.98 | 579.58 | 625.38 | 653.44 | 912.32 | **1,065.32** |  |
|  | UUP | **David Thompson** | 5.29% | 357 | 663.24 | 678.64 | 688.96 | 790.46 | 813.4 | 890.72 | **1,063.72** |  |
|  | Alliance | **J. O'Mullan** | 7.48% | 505 | 527.04 | 528.72 | 577.58 | 580.9 | 770.64 | 804.86 | 830.76 | **????** |
|  | DUP | H. S. Roulton | 3.04% | 205 | 266.48 | 574.2 | 584.22 | 594.58 | 597.86 | 617.8 | 694.34 | ???? |
|  | UUP | J. D. Walker | 4.07% | 275 | 420 | 427 | 429.58 | 517.1 | 531.26 | 565.92 |  |  |
|  | UUP | John Magaughin | 1.91% | 129 | 368.54 | 376.66 | 388 | 416.36 | 428.68 |  |  |  |
|  | Alliance | Phyllis Doloughan | 4.19% | 283 | 297.5 | 298.06 | 339.34 | 346.36 |  |  |  |  |
|  | UUP | Dorothy Smith | 2.44% | 165 | 283.32 | 287.8 | 292.68 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | NI Labour | S. McQuiston | 1.64% | 111 | 126.08 | 127.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | NI Labour | J. A. Rooney | 1.47% | 99 | 99 | 100.96 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Electorate:** 10,323   **Valid:** 6,753 (65.42%)   **Spoilt:** 91   **Quota:** 965   **Turnout:** 6,844 (66.30%) | | | | | | | | | | | | |

* Data missing from stage 9

1. "Local Government Results 1981". *EONI*. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
2. "Local Government Results 1977". *EONI*. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
3. "Local Government Results 1977". *EONI*. Retrieved 9 July 2021.


title: Beaver Creek Bridge (Schleswig, Iowa)

abstract: The Beaver Creek Bridge was located northwest of Schleswig, Iowa, United States. It spanned Beaver Creek for 134 feet (41 m). Steel was in short supply during World War II as a part of the war effort. Many bridges built across the state were built in this era with timber, especially small-scale bridges. Heavy flooding washed out 27 bridges and culverts in Crawford County in May 1945. The county board of supervisors used emergency funds to build new bridges. They bought several steel superstructures from the Des Moines Steel Company to replace the wash-out spans. The bowstring arch-truss structures appear to have been designed by H. Gene McKeown, a civil engineer from Council Bluffs. This bridge was one of several similar structures built in the county. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998, and it was delisted in 2020.

text:
# Beaver Creek Bridge (Schleswig, Iowa)

The **Beaver Creek Bridge** was located northwest of Schleswig, Iowa, United States. It spanned Beaver Creek for 134 feet (41 m). Steel was in short supply during World War II as a part of the war effort. Many bridges built across the state were built in this era with timber, especially small-scale bridges. Heavy flooding washed out 27 bridges and culverts in Crawford County in May 1945. The county board of supervisors used emergency funds to build new bridges. They bought several steel superstructures from the Des Moines Steel Company to replace the wash-out spans. The bowstring arch-truss structures appear to have been designed by H. Gene McKeown, a civil engineer from Council Bluffs. This bridge was one of several similar structures built in the county. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998, and it was delisted in 2020.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Beaver Creek Bridge | |
| Formerly listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 180th St. between B and C Aves. over Beaver Creek |
| Nearest city | Schleswig, Iowa |
| Coordinates | 42°11′42″N 95°31′02″W / 42.19500°N 95.51722°W / 42.19500; -95.51722 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1946 |
| Architect | H. Gene McKeown & Assoc. |
| Architectural style | Bowstring truss |
| MPS | Highway Bridges of Iowa MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 98000799 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | June 25, 1998 |
| Removed from NRHP | July 31, 2020 |


title: Faculty of Engineering, Lund University

abstract: The Faculty of Engineering is one of the eight faculties at Lund University in Lund, Sweden, commonly called LTH. LTH has (2022) about 1,500 employees and nearly 10,000 students, of which about 650 graduate annually. LTH currently offers 16 engineering programmes, 5 higher engineering programmes and 19 international master's programmes. LTH trains civil engineers, fire engineers, architects, industrial designers and doctors of technology. LTH's higher education engineering programmes take place at Campus Helsingborg. LTH also offers a unique education in risk management and professional training in food technology. Since 2010, LTH has also been responsible for the bachelor's programme for airline pilots. The civil engineering programmes were changed in autumn 2007 as a step in the Bologna process and are now 5 years long, equivalent to 300 credits. First-cycle courses are as a rule offered in Swedish, while higher-level courses are often taught in English with English literature.

text:
# Faculty of Engineering, Lund University

The **Faculty of Engineering** is one of the eight faculties at Lund University in Lund, Sweden, commonly called **LTH** (after its Swedish name *Lunds Tekniska Högskola*). LTH has (2022) about 1,500 employees and nearly 10,000 students, of which about 650 graduate annually. LTH currently offers 16 engineering programmes, 5 higher engineering programmes and 19 international master's programmes. LTH trains civil engineers, fire engineers, architects, industrial designers and doctors of technology. LTH's higher education engineering programmes take place at Campus Helsingborg. LTH also offers a unique education in risk management and professional training in food technology. Since 2010, LTH has also been responsible for the bachelor's programme for airline pilots. The civil engineering programmes were changed in autumn 2007 as a step in the Bologna process and are now 5 years long, equivalent to 300 credits. First-cycle courses are as a rule offered in Swedish, while higher-level courses are often taught in English with English literature.

## History

Lund University of Technology, LTH, was founded in 1961 and incorporated in 1969 as part of Lund University. The university originally consisted of six sections, Engineering Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Architecture. Carin Boalt became Lunds first female professor on her appointment as a professor of Building Function Analysis in 1964.

The range of courses has developed over time and now includes Computer Engineering and Biotechnology as well as Fire Engineering, Ecosystem Engineering, Industrial Economics and Industrial Design. LTH is located on its own campus where most of the buildings were designed by Klas Anshelm. Since 1995, LTH has also been running higher education engineering programmes in Building Technology and Computer/Electrical Engineering at Campus Helsingborg. LTH has its own dean since 1990. These have been Bertil Törnell (1990–1993), Sven Lindblad (1993–1996), Thomas Johannesson (1996–2001), Gunilla Jönson (2002–2007), Anders Axelsson (2008–2014), Viktor Öwall (2015–2020) and Annika Olsson (2021- ).

## Programmes

### Architecture (300 ECTS credits, 5 years)

### Fire protection engineering (210 ECTS credits, 3.5 years)

### Master of Science in Engineering (300 ECTS credits, 5 years)

* Biotechnology
* Computer Science and engineering
* Environmental engineering
* Electrical Engineering
* Industrial Engineering and Management
* Information and Communication Engineering Technologies
* Chemical Engineering
* Surveying and Land Management
* Biomedical Engineering
* Mechanical Engineering
* Mechanical Engineering with Industrial Design
* Risk, safety and crisis management
* Engineering Physics
* Engineering Mathematics
* Engineering Nanoscience
* Civil engineering

### Bachelor of Science in Engineering (180 ECTS credits, 3 years)

All higher engineering programmes are taught at Campus Helsingborg.

* Civil Engineering with Architecture
* Civil Engineering - Railway Engineering
* Civil Engineering - Road and Traffic Engineering
* Computer Engineering
* Electrical Engineering with Automation Technology

### Risk Management (120 ECTS credits)

After two and a half years on the civil engineering programme of your choice or the fire engineering programme at LTH, you can choose to take the final part of the risk management programme.

### Bachelor's programme in air traffic management, 180 credits

### Bachelor's programme in industrial design, 180 credits

### Bachelor's programme in food technology, 180 hp

### Preparatory Semester, Basic Technical Year

### Master's degree programmes, 120 credits, 2 years

* Architecture
* Biotechnology
* Digital Architecture and Emergent Futures
* Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation
* Embedded Electronics Engineering
* Energy-efficient and Environmental Building Design
* Food Technology and Nutrition
* Industrial Design
* Logistics and Supply Chain Management
* Machine Learning, Systems and Control
* Nanoscience
* Pharmaceutical Technology: Discovery, Development and Production
* Photonics
* Production and Materials Engineering
* Sustainable Energy Engineering
* Sustainable Urban Design
* Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality
* Water Resources Engineering
* Wireless Communication

#### Erasmus+ International Master's programmes

* Food Innovation and Product Design
* Fire Safety Engineering
* Large Scale Accelerators and Lasers

#### Joint degree programmes

* EIT Master's in Food Systems

## Spin-off companies

Here are some of the companies started based on research at the university. Several of them are located in the nearby research village of Ideon.

* Acconeer AB
* Bioinvent
* Cognimatics
* Decuma
* glo AB
* NEMS
* Immunovia
* Obducat
* Polar Rose
* Prefood
* Qlucore
* QuNano
* Sol Voltaics

## Notes and references

55°42′44″N 13°12′35″E / 55.71222°N 13.20972°E / 55.71222; 13.20972

## InfoBox

LTH, Faculty of Engineering
| Lunds Tekniska Högskola | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | Public university |
| Established | 1961 |
| Budget | Approx. SEK 6,000 million |
| Dean | Annika Olsson |
| Administrative staff | 1500 |
| Students | 10 000 |
| Location | Lund, Skåne, Sweden |
| Website | www.lth.se |


title: 2-Chloroethanesulfonyl chloride

abstract: 2-Chloroethanesulfonyl chloride is a chemical compound used in the making of other chemicals. It is a severe skin and eye irritant, and can also cause irritation to the nose, throat and lungs when inhaled.

text:
# 2-Chloroethanesulfonyl chloride

**2-Chloroethanesulfonyl chloride** is a chemical compound used in the making of other chemicals. It is a severe skin and eye irritant, and can also cause irritation to the nose, throat and lungs when inhaled.

## InfoBox

2-Chloroethanesulfonyl chloride
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name 2-Chloroethane-1-sulfonyl chloride | |
| Other names Ethanesulfonyl chloride, 2-chloro-; 2-Chloroethane sulfochloride | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.015.086 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C2H4Cl2O2S/c3-1-2-7(4,5)6/h1-2H2Key: VHCSBTPOPKFYIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N * InChI=1/C2H4Cl2O2S/c3-1-2-7(4,5)6/h1-2H2Key: VHCSBTPOPKFYIU-UHFFFAOYAU | |
| SMILES * C(CCl)S(=O)(=O)Cl | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C2H4Cl2O2S |
| Molar mass | 163.03 g/mol |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Ferenc Reitter

abstract: Ferenc Reitter was a Hungarian architect and engineer who is credited with constructing several landmarks in Budapest.

text:
# Ferenc Reitter

**Ferenc Reitter** (born as **Franz Reitter**, March 1, 1813 in Temesvár, Hungary (now Timișoara, Romania) – December 9, 1874 in Budapest, Hungary) was a Hungarian architect and engineer who is credited with constructing several landmarks in Budapest.

## Career

Reitter finished his studies at Technical University of Budapest in 1833 and until 1844 worked on the mapping and study of the Tisza and Maros rivers. He also took part in the channelling of the Danube river.

He had a major role in the capital's department of public works during the rebuilding of Budapest during the second half of the nineteenth century. As director he was largely responsible for the building of the city's quays, channelling of the riverbanks and the planning of the ring roads and axial roads, Andrássy út in particular. This was to become the most important thoroughfare in Pest. Its construction was first considered in 1871 and it opened to traffic in 1896 to coincide with the millenarian anniversary of the Magyars' arrival in the Carpathian Basin in 1896.

Reitter planned the route to follow a major swampy branch of the Danube river, which swings eastward in a large arch from Danube to Danube over a distance of 4.141 meters. The canal passed through a suburban district of narrow streets and, at the time, Reitter also considered making the backwater into a navigable canal to improve the air quality and lessen pollution.

However, a solid thoroughfare was agreed upon and its construction took place at the same time as that of Sugár út, latterly Andrássy Avenue.

In 1865 Reitter became a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

## InfoBox

| Ferenc Reitter | |
| --- | --- |
| Ferenc Reitter | |
| Born | Franz Reitter
(1813-03-01)1 March 1813
Timișoara, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | (1874-12-09)9 December 1874
Budapest, Austria-Hungary |
| Nationality | Hungarian, German |
| Alma mater | Technical University of Budapest, Budapest |
| Occupation | Architect |


title: Eromanga Refinery

abstract: Eromanga Refinery is a small, specialist oil refinery near Eromanga in South West Queensland, Australia. Eromanga is the largest oil producing area in mainland Australia. The refinery is approximately 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) west of Brisbane, and almost as far from any coastline. The refinery has been owned and operated by IOR since 1986. The primary product is low-particulate diesel, aimed particularly at the mining and outback transport industry. The company produces diesel and provides full supply chain service including transport and wholesale and retail sale to the transport and aviation industries. It processes 1,250 barrels of oil per day, drawn from nearby oil fields. The name IOR is derived from the original company name of Inland Oil Refiners. At the retail end of the supply chain, the company has over 70 diesel stops using remote sensing to ensure supply at unstaffed depots.

text:
# Eromanga Refinery

**Eromanga Refinery** is a small, specialist oil refinery near Eromanga in South West Queensland, Australia. Eromanga is the largest oil producing area in mainland Australia. The refinery is approximately 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) west of Brisbane, and almost as far from any coastline.

The refinery has been owned and operated by IOR since 1986. The primary product is low-particulate diesel, aimed particularly at the mining and outback transport industry.

The company produces diesel and provides full supply chain service including transport and wholesale and retail sale to the transport and aviation industries. It processes 1,250 barrels of oil per day, drawn from nearby oil fields.

The name IOR is derived from the original company name of *Inland Oil Refiners*.

At the retail end of the supply chain, the company has over 70 diesel stops using remote sensing to ensure supply at unstaffed depots.

## InfoBox

Eromanga Refinery
| Location of Eromanga Refinery | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Australia |
| State | Queensland |
| City | Eromanga |
| Coordinates | 26°40′05″S 143°16′23″E / 26.668°S 143.273°E / -26.668; 143.273 |
| Refinery details | |
| Owner(s) | IOR |
| Commissioned | 1986 (1986) |
| Capacity | 1,250 bbl/d (199 m3/d) |


title: 2001 World's Strongest Man

abstract: The 2001 World's Strongest Man was the 24th edition of World's Strongest Man and was won by Svend Karlsen from Norway. It was his first title after finishing second the previous year. 1998 winner Magnus Samuelsson from Sweden finished second after finishing third the previous year, and 2000 winner Janne Virtanen from Finland finished third. The contest was held at Victoria Falls, Zambia.

text:
# 2001 World's Strongest Man

The **2001 World's Strongest Man** was the 24th edition of World's Strongest Man and was won by Svend Karlsen from Norway. It was his first title after finishing second the previous year. 1998 winner Magnus Samuelsson from Sweden finished second after finishing third the previous year, and 2000 winner Janne Virtanen from Finland finished third. The contest was held at Victoria Falls, Zambia.

## Qualifying heats

### Heat 1

* Events: Carry & Drag (Duck Walk & Drag Chain & Anchor), Arm Over Arm Train Pull, Africa Stone, Max Deadlift, Stone Circle (Connan Circle), Atlas Stones

| # | Name | Nationality | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| 1 | Juha-Matti Räsänen | Finland | 26 |
|
| 2 | Wout Zijlstra | Netherlands | 25.5 |
| 3 | Rob Dixon | United Kingdom | 24 |
| 4 | Karl Gillingham | United States | 21.5 |
| 5 | Derek Boyer | Australia | 20 |
| 6 | Israel Garrido | Spain | 9 |

Magnus Ver Magnusson of Iceland was originally intended to be within this Heat but had to withdraw making room for the reserve Israel Garrido.

### Heat 2

* Events: Carry & Drag (Duck Walk & Drag Chain & Anchor), Fingal's Fingers, Arm Over Arm Train Pull, Hercules Hold, Max Deadlift, Atlas Stones

| # | Name | Nationality | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| 1 | Svend Karlsen | Norway | 27.5 |
|
| 2 | Hugo Girard | Canada | 27 |
| 3 | Mark Philippi | United States | 22.5 |
| 4 | Torbjörn Samuelsson | Sweden | 21 |
| 5 | Marc Iliffe | United Kingdom | 14.5 |
| 6 | Regin Vagadal | Faroe Islands | 13.5 |

### Heat 3

* Events: Carry & Flip (Farmer's Walk & Tyre Flip), Arm Over Arm Train Pull, Africa Stone, Max Deadlift, Stone Circle (Connan Circle), Atlas Stones

| # | Name | Nationality | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| 1 | Magnus Samuelsson | Sweden | 28 |
|
| 2 | Martin Muhr | Germany | 26 |
| 3 | Travis Lyndon | Canada | 25 |
| 4 | Raimonds Bergmanis | Latvia | 17.5 |
| 5 | Johnny Perry | United States | 16.5 |
| 6 | Glenn Ross | United Kingdom | 13 |

### Heat 4

* Events: Carry & Drag (Duck Walk & Drag Chain & Anchor), Arm Over Arm Train Pull, Africa Stone, Max Deadlift, Stone Circle (Connan Circle), Atlas Stones

| # | Name | Nationality | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| 1 | Janne Virtanen | Finland | 31 |
|
| 2 | Andrew Raynes | United Kingdom | 21 |
| 3 | Heinz Ollesch | Germany | 20 |
| 4 | Ralf Ber | Austria | 20 |
| 5 | Brian Schoonveld | United States | 17 |
| 6 | Levi Vaoga | New Zealand | 17 |

Bill Lyndon of Australia was originally intended to be within this Heat but had to withdraw making room for the Levi Vaoga who was not down as an official reserve.

### Heat 5

* Events: Carry & Flip (Farmer's Walk & Tyre Flip), Fingal's Fingers, Arm Over Arm Train Pull, Hercules Hold, Max Deadlift, Atlas Stones

| # | Name | Nationality | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| 1 | Phil Pfister | United States | 31 |
|
| 2 | Jarek Dymek | Poland | 30 |
| 3 | Odd Haugen | Norway | 21 |
| 4 | Adrian Rollinson | United Kingdom | 18.5 |
| 5 | Johan van Heerden | South Africa | 16.5 |
| 6 | Flemming Rasmussen | Denmark | 7 (injury) |

### Reserves

## Final results

| # | Name | Nationality | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| 1 | Svend Karlsen | Norway | 53.5 |
|
| 2 | Magnus Samuelsson | Sweden | 51.5 |
|
| 3 | Janne Virtanen | Finland | 50 |
| 4 | Phil Pfister | United States | 46 |
| 5 | Martin Muhr | Germany | 40 |
| 6 | Hugo Girard | Canada | 38.5 |
| 7 | Jarek Dymek | Poland | 30 |
| 8 | Wout Zijlstra | Netherlands | 28.5 |
| 9 | Juha-Matti Räsänen | Finland | 25.5 |
| 10 | Andrew Raynes | United Kingdom | 18.5 |

## InfoBox

| 2001 World's Strongest Man | |
| --- | --- |
| Competition information | |
| Dates | 5-15 October 2001 |
| Location | Victoria Falls |
| Country | Zambia |
| Athletes participating | 30 |
| Nations participating | 17 |
| Champion(s) | |
| Svend Karlsen | |
|  | |


title: Eugenia subterminalis

abstract: Eugenia subterminalis, commonly known as cambuí pitanga, cereja do mato verdadeira, pitanga lisa de sombra, pitanga preta, and cambuízão vermelho do rio Paranapanema, is a species of plant in the family Myrtaceae. It is endemic to araucária forest in Bolivia, northern Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The plant is a semi-deciduous shrub that grows to between 2 and 4 metres tall, and produces egg shaped fruit between 15 and 25mm tall, and 18 to 20mm wide.

text:
# Eugenia subterminalis

***Eugenia subterminalis***, commonly known as ***cambuí pitanga***, ***cereja do mato verdadeira***, ***pitanga lisa de sombra***, ***pitanga preta***, and ***cambuízão vermelho do rio Paranapanema***, is a species of plant in the family Myrtaceae. It is endemic to araucária forest in Bolivia, northern Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The plant is a semi-deciduous shrub that grows to between 2 and 4 metres tall, and produces egg shaped fruit between 15 and 25mm tall, and 18 to 20mm wide.

## InfoBox

| *Eugenia subterminalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Eugenia* |
| Species: | ***E. subterminalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eugenia subterminalis***<br>DC. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eugenia psidiiflora* O.Berg * *Calycorectes riedelianus* O.Berg | |


title: Bartschella

abstract: Bartschella is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

text:
# Bartschella

***Bartschella*** is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Bartschella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subcohort: | Panpulmonata |
| Superfamily: | Pyramidelloidea |
| Family: | Pyramidellidae |
| Genus: | *Bartschella*
Iredale, 1916 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Dunkeria subangulata*
Carpenter, 1857 | |


title: Balance Policy

abstract: Balance Policy Balance Policy is a science fiction manga series by Akihito Yoshitomi. It was originally planned as a six-page story, but was expanded as Yoshitomi saw potential to develop the setting further, and was serialized by Shōnen Gahōsha in 2010–2014 in their magazine Change H; it has since been collected in two tankōbon volumes. A one-shot finale, Tokyo Shoujo, was published in 2016, and was collected in a volume together with Yoshitomi's series Lily System in 2019. The story is set in the near future in Japan after birth rates have declined significantly, and follows Kenji, who has been chosen to be part of a government initiative to counteract this with a feminization procedure making men able to give birth. Critics called the story emotionally resonant but considered its premise of forcibly having one's body altered questionable.

text:
# Balance Policy

***Balance Policy*** (Japanese: バランスポリシー, Hepburn: *Baransu Porishī*) is a science fiction manga series by Akihito Yoshitomi. It was originally planned as a six-page story, but was expanded as Yoshitomi saw potential to develop the setting further, and was serialized by Shōnen Gahōsha in 2010–2014 in their magazine *Change H*; it has since been collected in two *tankōbon* volumes. A one-shot finale, ***Tokyo Shoujo*** (東京少女, "Tokyo Girl"), was published in 2016, and was collected in a volume together with Yoshitomi's series *Lily System* in 2019.

The story is set in the near future in Japan after birth rates have declined significantly, and follows Kenji, who has been chosen to be part of a government initiative to counteract this with a feminization procedure making men able to give birth. Critics called the story emotionally resonant but considered its premise of forcibly having one's body altered questionable.

## Plot

*Balance Policy* is set in Japan in a near future after birth rates have declined dramatically worldwide, particularly of girls. To counteract this, the government has invested large amounts of money into enacting feminization policies and procedures, making men able to give birth, and has over the course of ten years done this with 934 people. The story depicts the changing psychology of the main characters as they live through the change.

Teenager Kenji Ooki reluctantly undergoes the procedure, and returns home a year later looking like a girl, but remains conflicted about his identity. Kenji catches up with his best friend Masaomi Yoshizaki, but the two are no longer as comfortable together as in the past. Miko, a friend of both Kenji and Masaomi, admits to having had a crush on Kenji, but finds closure upon accepting his new appearance, and gives him some of her old clothes. Kenji also meets Chinee, Masaomi's lesbian sister whom he was attracted to, but he rejects her advances, leaving her dejected. Kenji reacts badly to his first menstrual period, and is taken to Tokyo for a medical examination after saying farewell to Masaomi.

Fifteen years later, Masaomi is an officer in the Balance Policy Organization, and returns to his childhood home. He meets Sakura Fujisawa, formerly Goro Fukuyama, who is one of Kenji's fellow patients; she embraced a female identity while at the hospital, and now has a son. Masaomi also meets Kenji again, who now lives as a woman, and realizes that Sakura and Kenji have set him up for the reunion. He learns that Kenji's father had sacrificed himself to save Kenji's life through a heart transplant, which eventually prompted Kenji to return to the town to understand him better. The story ends with Sakura and her son visiting an amusement park filled with children.

## Production and release

*Balance Policy* was written and illustrated by Akihito Yoshitomi, who initially intended to finish the story in six pages, but continued as he thought there was room to further developing the setting. Although the series is billed as a transgender manga, Yoshitomi portrays Kenji as still identifying as male, with the changes only applying to his body.

The manga was serialized by Shōnen Gahōsha in their magazine *Change H*, a manga anthology featuring stories with transgender or cross-dressing themes, starting in issue 3 on April 26, 2010. It remained on the magazine through its title change to *Trans Switch* in 2013, until its final issue on February 28, 2014. Shōnen Gahōsha later collected the series in two *tankōbon* volumes under TS Comics, their imprint for transgender-themed manga, and released them on November 19, 2012, and May 31, 2014; the first volume debuted as one of the highest selling manga of the week. Both volumes were bundled with *Balance Policy* art prints at some book stores.

A one-shot finale, *Tokyo Shoujo*, was published by Shōnen Gahōsha in *Young Comic*'s July 2016 issue on June 10, 2016. It was collected as part of the *tankōbon* release of another series of Yoshitomi's, *Lily System*, which was released on March 11, 2019, under Shōnen Gahōsha's YK Comics imprint.

### Volumes

| No. | Release date | ISBN |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | November 19, 2012 | 978-4785939670 |
| * Chapter 1–8 | | |
| 2 | May 31, 2014 | 978-4785953027 |
| * Chapter 9–14 | | |

## Reception

*IT Media* included *Balance Policy* in a feature on recommended manga with transgender themes. They called it charming, describing its straightforward narrative tone as gripping, and saying that the careful depiction of the characters' psychology made for an emotionally resonant story. On the other hand, *Da Vinci* called the premise ridiculous and questioned whether the need to raise the birth rate could conceivably be dire enough for people to be forced into a feminization procedure the cost of a jet fighter, without being able to protest. Similarly, according to pop culture news site *Akiba Blog*, readers considered the premise "surreal", but still found it interesting. *Kono Manga ga Sugoi!* included the series in a feature on the history of LGBT manga as an example of a transgender manga with a strong social focus.

1. "女性減少・少子化した日本を舞台に、女に改造された少年たち「バランスポリシー」１巻". *Akiba Blog* (in Japanese). 2012-11-20. Archived from the original on 2019-05-14. Retrieved 2020-06-16.
2. "チェンジH改め、性転換アンソロ「トランススイッチ」発売". *Natalie* (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. 2013-11-30. Archived from the original on 2019-10-14. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
3. "吉富昭仁、長月みそかのトランスセクシャル作品が発売". *Natalie* (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. 2012-11-20. Archived from the original on 2019-10-14. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
4. "女体化から入れ替わりまで！ 「TS（性転換）マンガ」8選". *IT Media* (in Japanese). 2015-07-09. p. 1. Archived from the original on 2020-05-20. Retrieved 2020-05-18.
5. "マンガの世界での少子化対策がすごいことに！". *Da Vinci* (in Japanese). Kadokawa Corporation. 2013-04-03. Archived from the original on 2020-05-22. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
6. "女装・男装・性転換！TSアンソロ「チェンジH pink」7月発売". *Natalie* (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. 2009-06-01. Archived from the original on 2015-10-29. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
7. "LOVE性転換。TS本「チェンジH」好評で第3号から季刊化". *Natalie* (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. 2010-03-26. Archived from the original on 2019-05-18. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
8. "性転換アンソロ「トランススイッチ」特典に限定冊子など". *Natalie* (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. 2014-02-28. Archived from the original on 2019-10-14. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
9. "トランススイッチ". *Media Arts Database* (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on 2020-05-22. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
10. "バランスポリシー". *Media Arts Database* (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on 2020-05-22. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
11. "【11月19日付】本日発売の単行本リスト". *Natalie* (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. 2012-11-19. Archived from the original on 2019-08-06. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
12. "【5月31日付】本日発売の単行本リスト". *Natalie* (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. 2014-05-31. Archived from the original on 2019-10-14. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
13. "【11月19日～11月25日】週間単行本売り上げランキング". *Natalie* (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. 2012-11-27. Archived from the original on 2019-10-14. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
14. "吉富昭仁・ポン貴花田らのTS作品、4タイトルが同時発売". *Natalie* (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. 2014-05-31. Archived from the original on 2019-10-14. Retrieved 2020-05-21.
15. "行方不明事件が発生する町で女子高生が見たのは…FLOWERCHILD新連載". *Natalie* (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. 2016-05-10. Archived from the original on 2016-07-21. Retrieved 2020-05-22.
16. Yoshitomi, Akihito (2016-06-29). "吉富昭仁 on Twitter" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2020-05-22. Retrieved 2020-05-22  via Twitter.
17. "少女と少女が仮想現実世界で2人きり、吉富昭仁が贈るJK百合「リリィシステム」". *Natalie* (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. 2019-03-11. Archived from the original on 2019-10-31. Retrieved 2020-05-22.
18. "リリィシステム = LILY SYSTEM". *Media Arts Database* (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on 2020-05-22. Retrieved 2020-05-22.
19. "【特別企画】祝・『境界のないセカイ』発売!! 男の娘、TS、同性愛……マンガとジェンダーの歴史は深い？". *Kono Manga ga Sugoi!* (in Japanese). Takarajimasha. 2015-04-25. p. 2. Archived from the original on 2019-05-25. Retrieved 2020-05-21.

## InfoBox

| Balance Policy | |
| --- | --- |
| Volume 1 cover art, featuring Kenji | |
| バランスポリシー<br>(*Baransu Porishī*) | |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Manga | |
| Written by | Akihito Yoshitomi |
| Published by | Shōnen Gahōsha |
| Imprint | TS Comics |
| Magazine | *Change H* |
| Demographic | *Seinen* |
| Original run | April 26, 2010February 28, 2014 |
| Volumes | 2 |
| Manga | |
| *Tokyo Shoujo* | |
| Written by | Akihito Yoshitomi |
| Published by | Shōnen Gahōsha |
| Imprint | YK Comics |
| Magazine | *Young Comic* |
| Demographic | *Seinen* |
| Published | June 10, 2016 |
| Volumes | 1 |


title: 351st Air Refueling Squadron

abstract: The 351st Air Refueling Squadron is part of the 100th Air Refueling Wing at RAF Mildenhall, England. Since 1992, it has operated the Boeing KC-135R/T Stratotanker aircraft conducting primarily aerial refueling but also airlift and aeromedical evacuation missions. The squadron was activated as the 351st Bombardment Squadron during World War II as a heavy bomber unit. It served in combat in the European Theater of Operations, where it earned a Distinguished Unit Citation and the French Croix de Guerre with Palm for its actions. After V-E Day the squadron returned to the United States and was inactivated at the port of embarkation. The squadron was briefly active in the reserve from 1947 to 1949, but does not appear to have been fully equipped or manned. It served between 1956 and 1966 with Strategic Air Command as a bombardment unit, flying Boeing B-47 Stratojets.

text:
# 351st Air Refueling Squadron

The **351st Air Refueling Squadron** is part of the 100th Air Refueling Wing at RAF Mildenhall, England. Since 1992, it has operated the Boeing KC-135R/T Stratotanker aircraft conducting primarily aerial refueling but also airlift and aeromedical evacuation missions.

The squadron was activated as the **351st Bombardment Squadron** during World War II as a heavy bomber unit. It served in combat in the European Theater of Operations, where it earned a Distinguished Unit Citation and the French Croix de Guerre with Palm for its actions. After V-E Day the squadron returned to the United States and was inactivated at the port of embarkation.

The squadron was briefly active in the reserve from 1947 to 1949, but does not appear to have been fully equipped or manned. It served between 1956 and 1966 with Strategic Air Command as a bombardment unit, flying Boeing B-47 Stratojets.

## History

### World War II

#### Organization and training for combat

The squadron was activated at Orlando Army Air Base, Florida on 1 June 1942 as one of the four original squadrons of the 100th Bombardment Group, It was intended to equip the squadron with Consolidated B-24 Liberators The Army Air Forces (AAF) decided to concentrate heavy bomber training under Second Air Force, and before the end of June, the squadron moved to Pendleton Field, Oregon. Its intended equipment changed to Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses.

As a result, the squadron only began organizing in October 1942, after it had moved to Gowen Field, Idaho. Two days later, the squadron departed for Walla Walla Army Air Base, Washington. There the first aircrew arrived on 1 December 1942 and it received its first operational aircraft and began training.

The 351st completed its training and departed Kearney Army Air Field, Nebraska for the European Theater of Operations on 1 May 1943. The ground echelon sailed on the RMS *Queen Elizabeth* on 28 May, arriving at Greenock, Scotland on 3 June, while the air echelon flew via the northern ferry route to England about 21 May 1943.

#### Combat in the European Theater

The squadron established itself at its combat station, RAF Thorpe Abbotts, on 9 June 1943, flying its first combat mission on 25 June. Until the end of the war, the squadron was primarily employed in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany. Until January 1944, it concentrated its operations on airfields in France, and industrial targets and naval facilities in France and Germany. On 17 August 1943, it participated in an attack on a factory manufacturing Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighters in Regensburg, Germany, which seriously disrupted production of that plane. Although the mission called for fighter escort, the fighter group assigned to protect the squadron's formation missed the rendezvous and the wing formation proceeded to the target unescorted. Enemy fighter opposition focused on the low "box", formed in part by the squadron. Ten of the 21 Flying Fortresses flown by the 100th Group were lost on this mission. Unknown to AAF intelligence at the time, the attack also destroyed almost all of the fuselage construction equipment for Germany's secret Me 262 jet fighter. Rather than returning to England, the unit turned south and recovered at bases in North Africa. For this action, the squadron was awarded the Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC).

From January to May 1944, the 351st attacked airfields, industrial targets, marshalling yards, and missile sites in Western Europe. During Big Week, it participated in the concentrated attack on the German aircraft industry. In March, it conducted a series of long range attacks against Berlin, for which it was awarded a second DUC. The raid of 6 March was to be the costliest mission flown by Eighth Air Force during the war. German fighter controllers detected that the formation including the squadron was unprotected by fighter escorts and concentrated interceptor attacks on it. Twenty-three B-17s from the formation failed to return. Two days later, German fighters shot down the leader of the 45th Combat Bombardment Wing, and the 100th Group took the lead in another attack on Berlin. From the summer of 1944, the 351st concentrated on German oil production facilities.

The squadron was occasionally diverted from strategic bombing to perform interdiction and air support missions. It attacked bridges and gun positions to support Operation Overlord, the landings at Normandy in June 1944. In August and September it supported Operation Cobra, the breakout at Saint Lo, and bombed enemy positions in Brest. As Allied forces drove across Northern France toward the Siegfried Line in October and November, it attacked transportation and ground defenses. During the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944 and January 1945, it attacked lines of communication and fortified villages in the Ardennes. It provided support for Operation Varsity, the airborne assault across the Rhine in March 1945. The squadron was awarded the French Croix de Guerre with Palm for attacks on heavily defended sites and dropping supplies to the French Forces of the Interior.

The squadron flew its last mission on 20 April 1945. Following, V-E Day, the squadron was initially programmed to be part of the occupation forces in Germany, but that plan was cancelled in September, and between October and December, the squadron's planes were ferried back to the United States or transferred to other units in theater. Its remaining personnel returned to the United States in December and the squadron was inactivated at the Port of Embarkation on 19 December 1945.

#### "Bloody Hundredth"

Starting with the Regensburg mission of August 1943, the squadrons of the 100th Bombardment Group began suffering losses among the highest in VIII Bomber Command. On 8 October, it lost seven aircraft on a raid on Bremen, including its lead and deputy lead aircraft. Only two days later, it lost twelve aircraft on an attack on Münster, again including the lead aircraft. The only group plane returning from that mission had lost two engines and had two wounded on board. Its highest one day loss occurred on the 6 March 1944 attack on Berlin, when 15 bombers failed to return. On 11 September 1944, the Luftwaffe put up its heaviest opposition in months, destroying 11 of the group's bombers. On 31 December 1944, half the 1st Bombardment Division's losses consisted of a dozen 100th bombers. With a group authorization of 40 B-17s, it lost 177 planes to enemy action. It became a legend for these losses and was referred to as the "Bloody Hundredth."

### Air Force reserve

The squadron was again activated in the reserve at Orlando Army Air Base, Florida on 17 July 1947 and assigned to the 100th Group, which was located at Miami Army Air Field, Florida. At Orlando, its training was supervised by Air Defense Command (ADC). It does not appear the squadron was fully staffed and was not equipped with operational aircraft. In 1948, Continental Air Command assumed responsibility for managing reserve and Air National Guard units from ADC.

President Truman’s reduced 1949 defense budget required reductions in the number of Air Force units. As a result, the 351st was inactivated as manned flying operations at Orlando Air Force Base ceased.

### Strategic Air Command bombardment operations

The unit was reactivated under Strategic Air Command on 1 January 1956 as the **351st Bombardment Squadron**, Medium. Based at Portsmouth Air Force Base (later Pease AFB), New Hampshire, the 351st BS was equipped with 15 new, swept wing Boeing B-47E Stratojets which were designed to carry nuclear weapons and to penetrate Soviet air defenses. The 351st deployed to RAF Brize Norton, Oxfordshire, from 29 December 1957 to 1 April 1958.

The squadron flew the B-47 for about a decade when by the mid-1960s it had become obsolete and vulnerable to new Soviet air defenses. The squadron began to send its Stratojets to AMARC at Davis–Monthan AFB, Arizona, for retirement in 1965, and the unit was inactivated on 25 June 1966, one of the last B-47 Squadrons.

### Air refueling in Europe

The unit was reactivated at RAF Mildenhall, Suffolk, in the United Kingdom on 31 March 1992 as the **351st Air Refueling Squadron**, operating the Boeing KC-135R Stratotanker. The first KC-135R to arrive at Mildenhall for the 351st was 58-0100 on 19 May 1992 from Loring Air Force Base, Maine. Nine KC-135Rs had arrived by September 1992. Following their reactivation, the 351st went on to support Operations Provide Comfort, Restore Hope and Northern Watch.

In April 1996, the 351st contributed to Operation Assured Response, deploying three KC-135s to Dakar-Yoff International Airport, Senegal, to help support the evacuation of U.S. citizens and third country nationals from Liberia after fighting flared up in Monrovia during the First Liberian Civil War.

In March 1998, the 351st participated in Exercise Strong Resolve 98 at Sola Air Station, Norway. After the European Tanker Task Force was ended on 28 November 1998, the number of KC-135s assigned to the 351st was increased to 15 tankers. In 1999, the squadron supported Operation Allied Force, NATO intervention during the Kosovo War, as the **351st Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron**.

In October 2001, the 351st EARS deployed 12 tankers: four to Incirlik Air Base, Turkey; another four to Rhein-Main Air Base, Germany; and a final four to Souda Bay, Greece, in support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). On 23 November 2001, KC-135s deployed to Burgas Airport in Bulgaria, from where they conducted OEF missions.

In March 2011, the 351st Air Refueling Squadron deployed a portion of its KC-135 Stratotanker fleet to Istres-Le Tubé Air Base, France, in support of Operation Unified Protector, as the 351st EARS.

Since 2013, the 351st EARS, has regularly deployed to Morón Air Base, Spain in support of Operation Juniper Micron – which aims to assist French operations in Mali. The first deployment occurred on 13 January 2013. In June 2013, the 351st ARS refuelled three Luftwaffe McDonnell Douglas F-4F Phantom IIs of Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 "Richthofen" on their last air-to-air refueling sortie before their retirement on 29 June 2013. In October 2014, the 351st was awarded the 2013 Gen. Carl A. Spaatz Trophy, which is given to the best USAF air refueling squadron, becoming the first unit based outside of the United States to win the award.

On 22 February 2019, a KC-135R of the squadron participated in a flypast over Sheffield to mark the 75th anniversary of the crash of B-17G *Mi Amigo*, which saw the loss of all ten crew on board.

Between 29 September and 1 October 2020, the 351st ARS conducted Exercise Wolff Pack, a surge operation to test the 100th ARW's ability to deploy its aircraft to multiple areas across Europe, which included an elephant walk of 12 of the squadron's 15 KC-135s. The 351st ARS participated in the 2020 Nigeria hostage rescue on 31 October, forward deploying six tankers to Morón Air Base from where they provided air refueling support for the operation.

In May 2021, the 351st was awarded the 2020 Gen. Carl A. Spaatz Trophy, winning it for a second time. The 351st also participated in Exercise Atlantic Trident 2021 during May, operating alongside the French Air and Space Force and USAF Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning IIs from the 4th Fighter Squadron. Between 18 and 21 May, the 351st hosted the 2021 European Tanker Symposium, which saw a McDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extender and a Royal Air Force Voyager KC3 deploy to Mildenhall.

The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine led to an increased number of sorties by the 351st, supporting NATO's Enhanced Air Policing.

## Commemerative nose art

The 15 squadron KC-135R/T tankers typically wear nose art to reflect the 100th Wing's history as a bombardment group during WWII.

In 2019, to mark the 75th anniversary of Operation Overlord, two KC-135Rs received special schemes to reflect the squadron's participation in 1944.

In May 2021, nose art (*Skipper III*) was unveiled on KC-135R, serial 59-1470 in honor of 100th BG Master Sergeant Dewey Christopher, who maintained B-17s Skipper and Skipper II during World War II. Another tanker (serial 58-0089) was unveiled the following month in dedication of Lt. Col. Robert "Rosie" Rosenthal, who was assigned to the 100th Group between September 1943 and September 1944.

In October 2023, nose art (*Squawkin Hawk*) was unveiled on KC-135R 59-1511 to commemorate the 80th anniversary of Black Week, where the Eighth Air Force suffered heavy losses. The original *Squawkin Hawk* was the first B-17 of the 100th Bombardment Group to fly 50 combat missions.

## Lineage

* Constituted as the **351st Bombardment Squadron** (Heavy) on 28 January 1942

Activated on 1 June 1942 Redesignated **351st Bombardment Squadron**, Heavy on 20 August 1943 Inactivated on 15 December 1945 * Redesignated **351st Bombardment Squadron**, Very Heavy on 3 July 1947

Activated in the reserve on 17 July 1947 Inactivated on 27 June 1949 * Redesignated **351st Bombardment Squadron**, Medium on 1 August 1955

Activated on 1 January 1956 Discontinued and inactivated on 25 June 1966 * Redesignated **351st Air Refueling Squadron** on 26 March 1992

Activated on 31 March 1992

### Assignments

* 100th Bombardment Group, 1 June 1942 – 15 December 1945
* 100th Bombardment Group, 17 July 1947 – 27 June 1949
* 100th Bombardment Wing, 1 January 1956 – 25 June 1966
* 100th Operations Group, 31 March 1992 – present

### Stations

* Orlando Army Air Base, Florida 1 June 1942
* Barksdale Field, Louisiana, 18 June 1942
* Pendleton Field, Oregon 26 June 1942
* Gowen Field, Idaho, 28 August 1942
* Walla Walla Army Air Field, Washington, 31 October 1942
* Wendover Field, Utah, 30 November 1942
* Sioux City Army Air Base, Iowa, 6 January 1943
* Kearney Army Air Field, Nebraska, 4 February – 1 May 1943
* RAF Thorpe Abbotts (Station 139), England, 9 June 1943 – December 1945
* Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, 14–15 December 1945
* Orlando Army Air Base (later Orlando Air Force Base), Florida, 17 July 1947 – 27 June 1949
* Portsmouth Air Force Base (later Pease Air Force Base), New Hampshire, 1 January 1956 – 30 April 1966
* RAF Mildenhall, England, 31 March 1992 – present

### Aircraft operated

* Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress (1942–1945)
* Boeing B-47E Stratojet (1956–1966)
* Boeing KC-135R/T Stratotanker (1992–present)

### Notes

Explanatory notes Citations  1. Kane, Robert B. (19 July 2010). "Factsheet 351 Air Refueling Squadron (USAFE)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
2. Watkins, pp. 48–49
3. Duffield, Adam (23 May 2014). "100th ARW in Action". *Aero Resource*. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
4. Maurer, *Combat Units*, pp. 171-172
5. Maurer, *Combat Squadrons*, pp. 433-436, 512
6. Freeman, pp. 246-247
7. Freeman, pp. 67-68
8. Freeman, p.114
9. Freeman, p. 115
10. Sheridan, p. 165
11. Freeman, pp. 68-69
12. Freeman, p. 75
13. Freeman, p. 77
14. Freeman, p. 116
15. Freeman, p. 178
16. Freeman, p. 204
17. "Abstract, Mission Project Closeup, Continental Air Command". Air Force History Index. 27 December 1961. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
18. Knaack, p. 25
19. "100th Air Refueling Wing History". Royal Air Force Mildenhall. 23 July 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
20. "Planes, Names and Noses: KC-135s of the 100th ARW". *key.aero*. 15 August 2019. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
21. Abeyasekere, Karen (1 February 2017). "100th Air Refueling Wing celebrates a historic 25 years". Royal Air Force Mildenhall. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
22. Haulman, Daniel L. (November 2006). "Humanitarian Airlift Operations in which USAF Participated since 1994" (PDF). Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
23. "Operation Assured Response". *GlobalSecurity.org*. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
24. "Exercise Strong Resolve 1998" (PDF). North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
25. "Visiting Forces in the UK: 1942–2011" (PDF). Royal Air Force Mildenhall. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
26. "Operation Allied Force - Order of Battle - June 1999". *GlobalSecurity.org*. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
27. Wallace, Kevin (2 September 2011). "9/11's affect on 100th ARW mission". Royal Air Force Mildenhall. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
28. "351st Air Refueling Squadron \[351st ARS\]". *GlobalSecurity.org*. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
29. Senior Airman Rachel Waller. "RAF Mildenhall continues support for NATO Libyan operations". *mildenhall.af.mil*. Archived from the original on 17 March 2013. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
30. Smith, Jason (1 February 2013). "KC-135s support French mission in Mali". U.S. Air Forces in Europe & Air Forces Africa. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
31. "RAF Mildenhall KC-135 aircraft supports Operation Juniper Micron". U.S. Air Forces in Europe & Air Forces Africa. 26 February 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
32. Mesnard, Christopher (1 February 2013). ""Bloody Hundredth" flies back into action". United States Africa Command. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
33. Wills, Kevin (25 June 2013). "Aviation Feature – The Phinal Contacts: F-4F Phantom refuelling – from tanker & receiver". *Global Aviation Resource*. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
34. Maurer, Kate (18 November 2014). "351st ARS makes history by winning Spaatz Trophy, a first for units abroad". Royal Air Force Mildenhall. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
35. "Sheffield bomber crash: Flypast on 75th anniversary". *BBC News*. 22 February 2019. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
36. Oprihory, Jennifer-Leigh (1 October 2020). "Tankers Practice Speedy Deployment in European Refueling Exercise". *Air Force Magazine*. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
37. Cenciotti, David (9 November 2020). "Dissecting The U.S. Hostage Rescue Operation In Nigeria: Here Are All The Assets That Took Part In The Raid". *The Aviationist*. Retrieved 8 January 2021.
38. Mendez, Mackenzie (14 May 2021). "351st named best ARS in Air Force". Royal Air Force Mildenhall. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
39. "Exercise Atlantic Trident 2021". U.S. Air Forces in Europe & Air Forces Africa. 16 April 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
40. Barron, Joseph (18 June 2021). "100th Air Refueling Wing fuels F-35s during exercise Atlantic Trident". Royal Air Force Mildenhall. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
41. Abeyasekere, Karen (24 May 2021). "RAF Mildenhall hosts European Tanker Symposium". Royal Air Force Mildenhall. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
42. "100th ARW provides refueling support to aerial assets in support of contingency and routine operations". *Royal Air Force Mildenhall*. 2 March 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
43. Hadley, Grey (3 August 2022). "USAFE's Only Tanker Wing: Increased Work, But 'Increased Reward, Too'". Air Force Magazine. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
44. "Legacy Ladies - Nose Arts of the 100th Air Refuelling Wing". *Square Aviation*. 6 June 2019. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
45. Abeyasekere, Karen (11 May 2021). "'Skipper III' nose art dedication recognizes special bond, legacy of 100th Bombardment Group". Royal Air Force Mildenhall. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
46. Abeyasekere, Karen (11 June 2021). "'Rosie's Riveters' nose art dedication immortalizes legacy of 100th BG pilot with 100th ARW". Royal Air Force Mildenhall. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
47. Villagomez, Alvaro (10 October 2023). "RAFM honors Black Week: KC-135 "Squawkin' Hawk" nose art". *Royal Air Force Mildenhall*. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
48. "Aircraft: 230088". *100th Bomb Group Foundation*. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
49. Station number in Anderson, p. 21.

### Bibliography

This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

## InfoBox

| 351st Air Refueling Squadron | |
| --- | --- |
| Squadron KC-135R Stratotanker at RAF Mildenhall | |
| Active | 1942–1945; 1947–1949; 1956–1966; 1992–present |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | United States Air Force |
| Role | Air refueling |
| Part of | United States Air Forces in Europe |
| Garrison/HQ | RAF Mildenhall |
| Motto(s) | *Pax Opus Nostrum* (Latin for 'Peace is our Profession') |
| Equipment | KC-135R/T Stratotanker |
| Engagements | European Theater of Operations<br>Kosovo War |
| Decorations | Distinguished Unit Citation<br>Air Force Outstanding Unit Award<br>French Croix de Guerre with Palm |
| Insignia | |
| 351st Air Refueling Squadron emblem |  |
| Patch with 351st Bombardment Squadron emblem (World War II) |  |
| World War II fuselage code | **EP** (1942–1945)<br> |
| Tail code | **Square D** (100th Group, World War II, 1992–present) |


title: 2011 in Singapore

abstract: The following lists events that happened during 2011 in the Republic of Singapore.

text:
# 2011 in Singapore

The following lists events that happened during **2011** in the Republic of Singapore.

## Incumbents

## Events

Below, events for the 2011 Singaporean general election and 2011 Singaporean presidential election have the "SGE" and "SPE" prefixes, respectively.

### January

* 1 January –
    + The Immigration and Checkpoints Authority implements the registration of double-barrelled race options for Singaporean children born to parents of different races.
    + The National Population and Talent Division was formed to formulate immigration policies in Singapore.
* 2 January – The Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) 2010 and Coroners Act 2010 come into force.
* 8 January – The Ministry of National Development launches the "Remaking Our Heartland" plans at Hougang, with the vision "Colours of Hougang – Enriching and Engaging".
* 11 January –
    + Four new MRT stations for Tuas West Extension are announced (up from the initial three stations), which will be ready by 2016. In addition, a new road viaduct will be integrated with the MRT extension, along with the expansion of the future Tuas depot to cater for the extension. There will be 13 new trains for the East–West MRT line and 16 new trains for the Circle MRT line to cater for future demand.
    + New laws are passed to set the re-employment age at 65.
* 15 January – The Ministry of National Development launches the "Remaking Our Heartland" plans at East Coast, with the vision "Gateway to the East Coast".
* 19 January – The Land Transport Authority announces the northern alignment of the North-South Expressway (now North-South Corridor).
* 21 January – The revised Telecom Competition Code is enforced.
* 22 January – The Ministry of National Development launches the "Remaking Our Heartland" plans at Jurong Lake District.
* 23 January – Woodlands Waterfront officially opens.
* 26 January – The first satellite blood collection centre opens in Woodlands.
* 28 January – The inaugural grand draw of *Changi Millionaire*, entitled *Be a Changi Millionaire*, which hosted by Singapore Changi Airport, was held; former Singaporean *Perfect 10* DJ (now 987FM) Ivan Rantung became the inaugural winner of the S$1 million grand prize. Earlier, Rantung was qualified for the grand draw on October through a purchase of a Canon DSLR camera.
* 29 January – The Sentosa Boardwalk officially opens.
* 30 January – Heavy and intense downpour causes flash floods around Singapore.
* 30 January to 6 February – Team Singapore participates in the 2011 Asian Winter Games held in Astana and Almaty, Kazakhstan.

### February

### March

### April

### May

### June

### July

### August

* 1 August – Pay television cross carriage takes effect.
* 3 August – SPE: The Writ of Election for the Presidential Election was released, and the application for the Certificate of Eligibility closed three days later.
* 8 August – The curry dispute was made public.
* 11 August – SPE: Tan Cheng Bock, Tan Jee Say, Tony Tan and Tan Kin Lian, were awarded Certificates of Eligibility from the committee; all four candidates confirmed their nominations during the nomination day on 17 August, six days later.
* 13 to 19 August – The inaugural Singapore Youth Olympic Festival.
* 27 August – SPE: Polling Day for the 2011 presidential election.
    + Vote counting was prolonged until 4:23 am as a vote recount was initiated by Tan Cheng Bock, due to a 2%-margin between the top two candidates.
    + Tony Tan won the election by a vote share of 35.20% or 744,397 votes (excluding 1,296 overseas votes); Tan Cheng Bock finished second with a vote share of 34.85% or 737,128 votes (excluding 1,183 overseas votes).
    + Tan Kin Lian garnered only a 4.91% share of votes, or 104,095 votes (excluding 164 overseas votes), and forfeited his S$48,000 deposit. Earlier on, he conceded at about 10:30 pm citing that he might not be able to return his deposit but the experience of running the race has been useful, and hinted that the elections "will be a tough fight between the top two candidate(s)".
* 29 August – SBS Transit is appointed the operator of the Downtown MRT line after winning the bid. This is the first MRT line to be run under the New Rail Financing Framework, where the Land Transport Authority owns the line, with the operator given a 15-year licence.
* 31 August –

### September

* 1 September –
* 3 September –
* 12 September –
    + 3 special education schools will expand.
    + The Bukit Brown Road (now Lornie Highway) was announced to relieve congestion on Lornie Road, completed on 19 April 2019. The announcement attracted strong attention from heritage groups after graves are required for exhumation.
* 28 September – The Public Hygiene Council is formed in an effort to keep Singapore clean.

### October

### November

### December

## Deaths

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: |  |


title: 2-Chloronaphthalene

abstract: 2-Chloronaphthalene is an organochlorine chemical compound, a chlorinated derivative of naphthalene. Its chemical formula is C10H7Cl. The compound is an isomer for 1-chloronaphthalene.

text:
# 2-Chloronaphthalene

**2-Chloronaphthalene** is an organochlorine chemical compound, a chlorinated derivative of naphthalene. Its chemical formula is C
10H
7Cl. The compound is an isomer for 1-chloronaphthalene.

## Synthesis

2-Chloronaphthalene is obtained directly by chlorination of naphthalene, with the formation of more highly substituted derivatives such as dichloro- and trichloronaphthalenes, in addition to the two monochlorinated isomeric compounds: 1-chloronaphthalene and 2-chloronaphthalene.

## Properties

2-Chloronaphthalene is a combustible, off-white odorless solid, which is practically insoluble in water. The compound may react with strong oxidizing agents.

## Applications

2-Chloronaphthalene can be used for the production of fullerenes.

1. "2-Chloronaphthalene". *EPA*. comptox.epa.gov. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
2. "2-Chlornaphthalin". Retrieved 14 June 2017.
3. "2-Chlornaphthalin Produkt Beschreibung" (in German). chemicalbook.com. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
4. Bavendamm, W.; Bellmann, H. (February 1953). "Chlornaphthalin-Präparate". *Holz Als Roh- und Werkstoff* (in German). **11** (2): 81–84. doi:10.1007/BF02605462. S2CID 138951084.
5. "2-Chlornaphthalin Produkt Beschreibung" (in German). Retrieved 14 June 2017.
6. Krüger, Anke (2007). *Neue Kohlenstoffmaterialien: Eine Einführung* (in German). Springer-Verlag. p. 53. ISBN 978-3-8351-9098-6.

## InfoBox

2-Chloronaphthalene
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name 2-Chloronaphthalene | |
| Other names β-Chloronaphthalene, 2-Chloro-naphthalene | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.001.891 |
| EC Number | * 202-079-9 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1/C10H7Cl/c11-10-6-5-8-3-1-2-4-9(8)7-10/h1-7Key: CGYGETOMCSJHJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
| SMILES * ClC1=CC=C2C=CC=CC2=C1 | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C10H7Cl |
| Molar mass | 162.62 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Off-white crystalline powder |
| Density | 1.2±0.1 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 59 °C (138 °F; 332 K) |
| Boiling point | 255 °C (491 °F; 528 K) |
| Solubility in water | insoluble |
| Hazards | |
| **GHS** labelling: | |
| Pictograms |  |
| Signal word | **Warning** |
| Hazard statements | H315, H319, H335 |
| Precautionary statements | P261, P280 |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Fernando Lázaro Carreter

abstract: Fernando Lázaro Carreter was a Spanish linguist, journalist and literary critic. Carreter worked to improve the way the Spanish language is spoken and written, and penned the hugely popular 1997 book El Dardo en la Palabra, a collection of articles he wrote on linguistic gaffes in the media. Lázaro Carreter was a member, occupying the Seat R, of the prestigious Royal Spanish Academy, the language's official referee, from 1972 until his death, and was its president for seven years, 1991–1998. He taught at the Autonomous University of Madrid. He died on 4 March 2004 in Madrid at aged 80 from a multiple organ failure.

text:
# Fernando Lázaro Carreter

**Fernando Lázaro Carreter** (April 13, 1923 – March 4, 2004) was a Spanish linguist, journalist and literary critic.

Carreter worked to improve the way the Spanish language is spoken and written, and penned the hugely popular 1997 book *El Dardo en la Palabra* (*The Dart in the Word*), a collection of articles he wrote on linguistic gaffes in the media. Lázaro Carreter was a member, occupying the Seat *R*, of the prestigious Royal Spanish Academy (*Real Academia Española*), the language's official referee, from 1972 until his death, and was its president for seven years, 1991–1998. He taught at the Autonomous University of Madrid.

He died on 4 March 2004 in Madrid at aged 80 from a multiple organ failure.

1. "Fernando Lázaro Carreter - letra R". *Real Academia Española* (in Spanish). Retrieved 26 May 2023.
2. "Muere Fernando Lázaro Carreter, ex director de la Real Academia Española". *Libertad Digital* (in Spanish). 4 March 2004. Retrieved 1 September 2018.
3. Mora, Rosa (5 March 2004). "Muere Lázaro Carreter, el maestro del español". *El País* (in Spanish). Madrid: Prisa. Retrieved 1 September 2018.

## InfoBox

| Fernando Lázaro Carreter | |
| --- | --- |
| Lárazo Carreter in 1994 | |
| Born | (1923-04-13)13 April 1923
Zaragoza, Spain |
| Died | 13 March 2004(2004-03-13) (aged 80)
Madrid, Spain |
| Alma mater |  |
| Occupation(s) | Linguist, journalist and literary critic |
| Employers |  |
| Organization | * Colegio Libre de Eméritos |
|  | |
|  | |
| Seat *R* of the Real Academia Española | |
| **In office**
11 June 1972  13 March 2004 | |
| Preceded by | Luis Martínez Kléiser |
| Succeeded by | Javier Marías |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Director of the Real Academia Española | |
| **In office**
5 December 1991  2 December 1998 | |
| Preceded by | Manuel Alvar |
| Succeeded by | Víctor García de la Concha |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Esquivias

abstract: Esquivias is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 4,812 inhabitants. The author Cervantes lived here after marrying Catalina, a girl from the village, in 1584.

text:
# Esquivias

**Esquivias** is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 4,812 inhabitants.

The author Cervantes lived here after marrying Catalina, a girl from the village, in 1584.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1900 | 1,456 |  |
| 1910 | 1,644 | +12.9% |
| 1920 | 1,990 | +21.0% |
| 1930 | 2,257 | +13.4% |
| 1940 | 2,182 | −3.3% |
| 1950 | 2,418 | +10.8% |
| 1960 | 2,539 | +5.0% |
| 1970 | 2,731 | +7.6% |
| 1981 | 3,116 | +14.1% |
| 1991 | 3,428 | +10.0% |
| 2001 | 3,848 | +12.3% |
| 2011 | 5,474 | +42.3% |
| 2021 | 5,747 | +5.0% |
| 2023 | 5,778 | +0.5% |
| Source: ISTAT | | |

40°06′N 3°46′W / 40.100°N 3.767°W / 40.100; -3.767

## InfoBox

| Esquivias | |
| --- | --- |
| municipality | |
| Church of Our Lady of the Assumption, in Esquivias (Toledo, Spain). | |
|  | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile-La Mancha |
| Province | Toledo |
| Municipality | Esquivias |
| Area | |
| Total | 25 km2 (10 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 580 m (1,900 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 5,449 |
| Density | 220/km2 (560/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |