title: 1993 Colorado Buffaloes football team

abstract: The 1993 Colorado Buffaloes football team represented the University of Colorado at Boulder in the 1993 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was led by head coach Bill McCartney and played their home games at Folsom Field in Boulder, Colorado. The Buffaloes participated as members of the Big 8 Conference.

text:
# 1993 Colorado Buffaloes football team

1993 Big Eight Conference football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| No. 3 Nebraska $ | 7 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 11 |  | 1 |  | 0 |
| No. 16 Colorado | 5 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |  | 8 |  | 3 |  | 1 |
| No. 20 Kansas State | 4 |  | 2 |  | 1 |  |  | 9 |  | 2 |  | 1 |
| No. 17 Oklahoma % | 4 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 9 |  | 3 |  | 0 |
| Kansas | 3 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 7 |  | 0 |
| Missouri | 2 |  | 5 |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  | 7 |  | 1 |
| Iowa State | 2 |  | 5 |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  | 8 |  | 0 |
| Oklahoma State | 0 |  | 7 |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  | 8 |  | 0 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * $ – Bowl Coalition representative as champion<br>% – Bowl Coalition at-large representative Rankings from AP Poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1993 Colorado Buffaloes football team** represented the University of Colorado at Boulder in the 1993 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was led by head coach Bill McCartney and played their home games at Folsom Field in Boulder, Colorado. The Buffaloes participated as members of the Big 8 Conference.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Rank | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 4 | 5:30 pm | Texas* | No. 11 |  | ESPN | W 36–14 | 52,125 |
| September 11 | 12:00 pm | No. 24 Baylor* | No. 10 | * Folsom Field * Boulder, Colorado | KCNC | W 45–21 | 50,281 |
| September 18 | 9:30 pm | at No. 20 Stanford* | No. 7 |  | ESPN | L 37–41 | 52,100 |
| September 25 | 1:30 pm | No. 3 Miami (FL)* | No. 13 | * Folsom Field * Boulder, Colorado | ABC | L 29–35 | 52,391 |
| October 9 | 12:00 pm | Missouri | No. 20 | * Folsom Field * Boulder, Colorado | KCNC | W 30–18 | 52,147 |
| October 16 | 1:30 pm | at No. 9 Oklahoma | No. 20 |  | ABC | W 27–10 | 64,213 |
| October 23 | 12:10 pm | at Kansas State | No. 16 |  | KCNC | T 16–16 | 33,728 |
| October 30 | 1:30 pm | No. 6 Nebraska | No. 20 | * Folsom Field * Boulder, Colorado (rivalry) | ABC | L 17–21 | 52,277 |
| November 6 | 1:00 pm | at Oklahoma State | No. 23 |  | KCNC | W 31–14 | 30,200 |
| November 13 | 12:00 pm | Kansas | No. 21 | * Folsom Field * Boulder, Colorado | KCNC | W 38–14 | 52,139 |
| November 20 | 12:00 pm | at Iowa State | No. 18 |  | KCNC | W 21–16 | 23,797 |
| December 25 | 3:30 pm | vs. No. 25 Fresno State* | No. 17 |  | ABC | W 41–30 | 44,009 |
| * \*Non-conference game * Homecoming * Rankings from AP Poll released prior to the game * All times are in Mountain time | | | | | | | |

## Roster

| 1993 Colorado Buffaloes football team roster | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Players | | | Coaches |
| **Offense**  Pos. # Name Class  TE `88` Christian Fauria Jr  RB `19` Rashaan Salaam So  QB `10` Kordell Stewart Jr  `64` Bryan Stoltenberg So  WR `12` Michael Westbrook Jr | **Defense**  Pos. # Name Class  LB `46` Ted Johnson Jr  CB `47` Chris Hudson Jr  DT `92` Shannon Clavelle So  DT `93` Darius Holland Jr | **Special teams**  Pos. # Name Class  `17` Mitch Berger Sr | Head coach Coordinators/assistant coaches  ---  Legend* **(C)** Team captain * **(S)** Suspended * **(I)** Ineligible * Injured * Redshirt |

## Season summary

### Missouri

| 1 2 3 4 Total  Tigers 0 3 0 15 18  Buffaloes 3 10 14 3 **30**   * **Date:** October 9 * **Location:** Folsom Field |
| --- |
|  |
|  |

### At No. 9 Oklahoma

### No. 6 Nebraska

| 1 2 3 4 Total  **No. 6 Cornhuskers** 21 0 0 0 21  No. 20 Buffaloes 3 7 0 7 **17** |
| --- |

### Vs. No. 25 Fresno State (Aloha Bowl)

## InfoBox

| 1993 Colorado Buffaloes football | |
| --- | --- |
| Aloha Bowl champion | |
| Aloha Bowl, W 4130 vs. Fresno State | |
| Conference | Big Eight Conference |
| Ranking | |
| Coaches | No. 16 |
| AP | No. 16 |
| Record | 831 (511 Big 8) |
| Head coach |  |
| Offensive coordinator | Elliot Uzelac (1st season) |
| Offensive scheme | Multiple one-back |
| Defensive coordinator | Mike Hankwitz (6th season) |
| Base defense | 5-2 |
| Home stadium | Folsom Field |
|


title: 1991–92 Soviet League season

abstract: The 1991–92 Soviet League season was the 46th and final season of the Soviet Championship League, the top level of ice hockey in the Soviet Union. This season was also known as the first and only one of the Ice Hockey Championship of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), as the Soviet Union dissolved during the season, and the championship was continued by the Commonwealth of Independent States. 16 teams participated in the league, and Dynamo Moscow won the championship.

text:
# 1991–92 Soviet League season

The **1991–92 Soviet League season** was the 46th and final season of the Soviet Championship League, the top level of ice hockey in the Soviet Union. This season was also known as the first and only one of the **Ice Hockey Championship of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)**, as the Soviet Union dissolved during the season, and the championship was continued by the Commonwealth of Independent States. 16 teams participated in the league, and Dynamo Moscow won the championship.

## Regular season

### First round

|  | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF | GA | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | HC Dynamo Moscow | 30 | 25 | 3 | 2 | 124 | 58 | **53** |
| 2. | HC CSKA Moscow | 30 | 21 | 2 | 7 | 123 | 74 | **44** |
| 3. | Krylya Sovetov | 30 | 18 | 2 | 10 | 113 | 86 | **38** |
| 4. | Khimik Voskresensk | 30 | 17 | 2 | 11 | 97 | 83 | **36** |
| 5. | Torpedo Ust-Kamenogorsk | 30 | 16 | 3 | 11 | 114 | 109 | **35** |
| 6. | Traktor Chelyabinsk | 30 | 15 | 3 | 12 | 98 | 83 | **33** |
| 7. | HC Spartak Moscow | 30 | 15 | 3 | 12 | 117 | 102 | **33** |
| 8. | Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod | 30 | 13 | 6 | 11 | 83 | 76 | **32** |
| 9. | HC Lada Togliatti | 30 | 14 | 2 | 14 | 83 | 96 | **30** |
| 10. | Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg | 30 | 13 | 2 | 15 | 89 | 103 | **28** |
| 11. | Torpedo Yaroslavl | 30 | 11 | 4 | 15 | 92 | 107 | **26** |
| 12. | Avangard Omsk | 30 | 9 | 5 | 16 | 80 | 106 | **23** |
| 13. | Itil Kazan | 30 | 9 | 4 | 17 | 71 | 92 | **22** |
| 14. | HK Riga | 30 | 10 | 0 | 20 | 94 | 127 | **20** |
| 15. | Sokil Kyiv | 30 | 7 | 1 | 22 | 101 | 139 | **15** |
| 16. | Dinamo Minsk | 30 | 5 | 2 | 23 | 84 | 102 | **12** |

### Second round

| Group A | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF | GA | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Dynamo Moscow | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 30 | 14 | **10** |
| 2. | Khimik Voskresensk | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 21 | 18 | **7** |
| 3. | Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 22 | 23 | **6** |
| 4. | Torpedo Ust-Kamenogorsk | 6 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 12 | 30 | **1** |

| Group B | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF | GA | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | CSKA Moscow | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 8 | **12** |
| 2. | Spartak Moscow | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 17 | 16 | **6** |
| 3. | Traktor Chelyabinsk | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 13 | 24 | **5** |
| 4. | Krylya Sovetov | 6 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 9 | 20 | **1** |

## Playoffs

**Classification games**

* **Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod** \- Krylya Sovetov Moscow 3-1 on series
* **Traktor Chelyabinsk** \- Torpedo Ust-Kamenogorsk 3-0 on series

**5th place**

* **Traktor Chelyabinsk** – Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod 3–2 on series

**7th place**

* **Krylya Sovetov Moscow** – Torpedo Ust-Kamenogorsk 3–0 on series


title: Epichoristodes dorsiplagana

abstract: Epichoristodes dorsiplagana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

text:
# Epichoristodes dorsiplagana

***Epichoristodes dorsiplagana*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

## InfoBox

| *Epichoristodes dorsiplagana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Epichoristodes* |
| Species: | ***E. dorsiplagana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Epichoristodes dorsiplagana***<br>(Walsingham, 1881) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cacoecia dorsiplagana* Walsingham, 1881 * *Lozotaenia dorsiplagana* | |


abstract: The 1926 United States Senate election in Washington was held on November 2, 1926. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Wesley Livsey Jones was re-elected to a fourth term in office over Seattle attorney A. Scott Bullitt. Frank E. Hammond, one of the losing candidates on the Republican side, ran as a "wet" candidate, opposing the prohibition of alcohol, which was already in effect in Washington state, but not yet nationally.

text:
# 1926 United States Senate election in Washington

The **1926 United States Senate election in Washington** was held on November 2, 1926. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Wesley Livsey Jones was re-elected to a fourth term in office over Seattle attorney A. Scott Bullitt.

Frank E. Hammond, one of the losing candidates on the Republican side, ran as a "wet" candidate, opposing the prohibition of alcohol, which was already in effect in Washington state, but not yet nationally.

## Blanket primary

### Candidates

#### Democratic

* A. Scott Bullitt, Seattle attorney
* James Cleveland Longstreet

#### Republican

* Austin E. Griffiths, candidate for Mayor of Seattle in 1916 and U.S. Senate in 1922
* Frank E. Hammond
* Lee Roy Henry
* Wesley Livsey Jones, incumbent Senator since 1909

### Results

1926 U.S. Senate blanket primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Wesley Livsey Jones (incumbent)** | **133,893** | **58.40%** |
|  | Republican | Austin E. Griffiths | 43,611 | 19.02% |
|  | Republican | Frank E. Hammond | 29,076 | 12.68% |
|  | **Democratic** | **A. Scott Bullitt** | **9,523** | **4.15%** |
|  | Republican | Lee Roy Henry | 9,062 | 3.95% |
|  | Democratic | James C. Longstreet | 4,098 | 1.79% |
| Total votes | | | **229,263** | **100.00%** |

## General election

### Candidates

* A. Scott Bullitt, Seattle attorney (Democratic)
* David D. Burgess (Socialist Labor)
* J. L. Freeman (Farmer-Labor)
* Wesley Livsey Jones, incumbent U.S. Senator since 1908 (Republican)

### Results

1926 United States Senate election in Washington
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Wesley Livsey Jones (incumbent)** | **164,130** | **51.31%** | **5.09** |
|  | Democratic | A. Scott Bullitt | 148,783 | 46.52% | 28.72 |
|  | Socialist Labor | David D. Burgess | 3,513 | 1.10% | N/A |
|  | Farmer–Labor | J. L. Freeman | 3,437 | 1.55% | 24.25 |
| Total votes | | | **319,863** | **100.00%** |  |
|  | Republican **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

## InfoBox

1926 United States Senate election in Washington
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Wesley L. Jones** A. Scott Bullitt   Party Republican Democratic  Popular vote **164,130** 148,783  Percentage **51.31%** 46.52% | |
| ---  Results by county
**Jones:**      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
**Bullitt:**      50–60% | |
| ---  **U.S. senator before election**
Wesley Livsey Jones
Republican **Elected U.S. Senator**
Wesley Livsey Jones
Republican | |


title: 1993–94 Gamma Ethniki

abstract: The 1993–94 Gamma Ethniki was the 11th season since the official establishment of the third tier of Greek football in 1983. Paniliakos and Panserraikos were crowned champions in Southern and Northern Group respectively, thus winning promotion to Beta Ethniki. Ialysos Rodos and Anagennisi Kolindros also won promotion as a runners-up of the groups. Panarkadikos, Irodotos, Keratsini, Rodos, Erani Filiatra, Patras, Nigrita, Makedonikos, Keravnos Kolchikou, Ethnikos Alexandroupoli, Asteras Ambelokipoi and Nestos Chrysoupoli were relegated to Delta Ethniki.

text:
# 1993–94 Gamma Ethniki

The **1993–94 Gamma Ethniki** was the 11th season since the official establishment of the third tier of Greek football in 1983. Paniliakos and Panserraikos were crowned champions in *Southern* and *Northern* Group respectively, thus winning promotion to Beta Ethniki. Ialysos Rodos and Anagennisi Kolindros also won promotion as a runners-up of the groups.

Panarkadikos, Irodotos, Keratsini, Rodos, Erani Filiatra, Patras, Nigrita, Makedonikos, Keravnos Kolchikou, Ethnikos Alexandroupoli, Asteras Ambelokipoi and Nestos Chrysoupoli were relegated to Delta Ethniki.

## Southern Group

### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Paniliakos (C, P) | 34 | 24 | 6 | 4 | 91 | 25 | +66 | 78 | Promotion to Beta Ethniki |
| 2 | Ialysos Rodos (P) | 34 | 20 | 7 | 7 | 57 | 27 | +30 | | 67 |
| 3 | Doxa Vyronas | 34 | 19 | 7 | 8 | 55 | 26 | +29 | 64 |  |
| 4 | Panelefsiniakos | 34 | 18 | 7 | 9 | 52 | 34 | +18 | | 60 |
| 5 | Ethnikos Asteras | 34 | 16 | 8 | 10 | 41 | 38 | +3 | | 56 |
| 6 | Acharnaikos | 34 | 15 | 10 | 9 | 55 | 49 | +6 | | 55 |
| 7 | Egaleo | 34 | 16 | 7 | 11 | 44 | 39 | +5 | | 55 |
| 8 | Aiolikos | 34 | 16 | 6 | 12 | 53 | 52 | +1 | | 54 |
| 9 | Pannafpliakos | 34 | 15 | 9 | 10 | 46 | 34 | +12 | | 54 |
| 10 | Chania | 34 | 14 | 10 | 10 | 38 | 27 | +11 | | 52 |
| 11 | Panetolikos | 34 | 15 | 7 | 12 | 42 | 39 | +3 | | 52 |
| 12 | Chaidari | 34 | 13 | 7 | 14 | 43 | 42 | +1 | | 46 |
| 13 | Panarkadikos (R) | 34 | 14 | 6 | 14 | 34 | 46 | 12 | 42 | Relegation to Delta Ethniki |
| 14 | Irodotos (R) | 34 | 8 | 8 | 18 | 36 | 50 | 14 | | 29 |
| 15 | Keratsini (R) | 34 | 7 | 7 | 20 | 32 | 59 | 27 | | 25 |
| 16 | Rodos (R) | 37 | 7 | 7 | 23 | 34 | 62 | 28 | | 22 |
| 17 | Erani Filiatra (R) | 34 | 6 | 3 | 25 | 40 | 72 | 32 | | 21 |
| 18 | Patras (R) | 34 | 2 | 3 | 29 | 20 | 92 | 72 | | 6 |

Source:
(C) Champions; (P) Promoted; (R) Relegated
Notes:

## Northern Group

### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Panserraikos (C, P) | 34 | 21 | 5 | 8 | 63 | 35 | +28 | 68 | Promotion to Beta Ethniki |
| 2 | Anagennisi Kolindros (P) | 34 | 18 | 12 | 4 | 41 | 17 | +24 | | 66 |
| 3 | Niki Volos | 34 | 18 | 7 | 9 | 44 | 25 | +19 | 61 |  |
| 4 | Kastoria | 34 | 16 | 10 | 8 | 60 | 35 | +25 | | 58 |
| 5 | Trikala | 34 | 15 | 8 | 11 | 54 | 38 | +16 | | 53 |
| 6 | Apollon Larissa | 34 | 15 | 6 | 13 | 55 | 45 | +10 | | 51 |
| 7 | Kilkisiakos | 34 | 14 | 8 | 12 | 49 | 41 | +8 | | 50 |
| 8 | Apollon Krya Vrysi | 34 | 15 | 5 | 14 | 51 | 54 | 3 | | 50 |
| 9 | Velissario | 34 | 13 | 9 | 12 | 53 | 44 | +9 | | 48 |
| 10 | Eordaikos | 34 | 14 | 6 | 14 | 52 | 52 | 0 | | 48 |
| 11 | Iraklis Ptolemaida | 34 | 13 | 8 | 13 | 53 | 45 | +8 | | 47 |
| 12 | Pandramaikos | 34 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 36 | 39 | 3 | | 45 |
| 13 | Nigrita (R) | 34 | 10 | 9 | 15 | 35 | 50 | 15 | 39 | Relegation to Delta Ethniki |
| 14 | Makedonikos (R) | 34 | 10 | 9 | 15 | 33 | 59 | 26 | | 39 |
| 15 | Keravnos Kolchikou (R) | 34 | 11 | 5 | 18 | 46 | 56 | 10 | | 38 |
| 16 | Ethnikos Alexandroupoli (R) | 34 | 8 | 8 | 18 | 33 | 54 | 21 | | 32 |
| 17 | Asteras Ambelokipoi (R) | 34 | 7 | 7 | 20 | 20 | 55 | 35 | | 28 |
| 18 | Nestos Chrysoupoli (R) | 34 | 5 | 8 | 21 | 31 | 64 | 33 | | 23 |

Source:
(C) Champions; (P) Promoted; (R) Relegated   1. "Greece - List of Third Level Final Tables". rsssf.org.

## InfoBox

Gamma Ethniki
| Season | 1993–94 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions |  |
| Promoted | --- |
| Relegated | --- |
| 1992–93 1994–95 | |


title: Epimelitta triangularis

abstract: Epimelitta triangularis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Ernst Fuchs in 1961.

text:
# Epimelitta triangularis

***Epimelitta triangularis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Ernst Fuchs in 1961.

## InfoBox

| *Epimelitta triangularis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Epimelitta* |
| Species: | ***E. triangularis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Epimelitta triangularis***<br>E. Fuchs, 1961 | |
|


title: 1991–92 Southern Football League

abstract: The 1991–92 Southern Football League season was the 89th in the history of the league, an English football competition. Bromsgrove Rovers won the Premier Division to earned promotion to the Football Conference. Wealdstone, Poole Town, Fisher Athletic and Gravesend & Northfleet were all relegated from the Premier Division, whilst Solihull Borough, Hastings Town, Hednesford Town and Weymouth were all promoted to the Premier Division, the former two as champions. Only two clubs, Alvechurch and Gosport Borough, were relegated from the Southern League, whilst Hythe Town folded and Rushden Town merged with United Counties League club Irthlingborough Diamonds to form Rushden & Diamonds.

text:
# 1991–92 Southern Football League

The **1991–92 Southern Football League season** was the 89th in the history of the league, an English football competition.

Bromsgrove Rovers won the Premier Division to earned promotion to the Football Conference. Wealdstone, Poole Town, Fisher Athletic (who had just been relegated from the Conference) and Gravesend & Northfleet were all relegated from the Premier Division, whilst Solihull Borough (in their first season in the Southern League), Hastings Town, Hednesford Town and Weymouth were all promoted to the Premier Division, the former two as champions. Only two clubs, Alvechurch and Gosport Borough, were relegated from the Southern League, whilst Hythe Town folded and Rushden Town merged with United Counties League club Irthlingborough Diamonds to form Rushden & Diamonds.

## Premier Division

The Premier Division consisted of 22 clubs, including 19 clubs from the previous season and three new clubs:

### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Bromsgrove Rovers | 42 | 27 | 9 | 6 | 78 | 34 | +44 | 90 | Promoted to the Football Conference |
| 2 | Dover Athletic | 42 | 23 | 15 | 4 | 66 | 30 | +36 | 84 |  |
| 3 | VS Rugby | 42 | 23 | 11 | 8 | 70 | 44 | +26 | | 80 |
| 4 | Bashley | 42 | 22 | 8 | 12 | 70 | 44 | +26 | | 74 |
| 5 | Cambridge City | 42 | 18 | 14 | 10 | 71 | 53 | +18 | | 68 |
| 6 | Dartford | 42 | 17 | 15 | 10 | 62 | 45 | +17 | | 66 |
| 7 | Trowbridge Town | 42 | 17 | 10 | 15 | 69 | 51 | +18 | | 61 |
| 8 | Halesowen Town | 42 | 15 | 15 | 12 | 61 | 49 | +12 | | 60 |
| 9 | Moor Green | 42 | 15 | 11 | 16 | 61 | 59 | +2 | | 56 |
| 10 | Burton Albion | 42 | 15 | 10 | 17 | 59 | 61 | 2 | | 55 |
| 11 | Dorchester Town | 42 | 14 | 13 | 15 | 66 | 73 | 7 | | 55 |
| 12 | Gloucester City | 42 | 15 | 9 | 18 | 67 | 70 | 3 | | 54 |
| 13 | Atherstone United | 42 | 15 | 8 | 19 | 54 | 66 | 12 | | 53 |
| 14 | Corby Town | 42 | 13 | 12 | 17 | 66 | 81 | 15 | | 51 |
| 15 | Waterlooville | 42 | 13 | 11 | 18 | 43 | 56 | 13 | | 50 |
| 16 | Worcester City | 42 | 12 | 13 | 17 | 56 | 59 | 3 | | 49 |
| 17 | Crawley Town | 42 | 12 | 12 | 18 | 62 | 67 | 5 | | 48 |
| 18 | Chelmsford City | 42 | 12 | 12 | 18 | 49 | 56 | 7 | | 48 |
| 19 | Wealdstone | 42 | 13 | 7 | 22 | 52 | 69 | 17 | 46 | Relegated to the Southern Division |
| 20 | Poole Town | 42 | 10 | 13 | 19 | 46 | 77 | 31 | | 43 |
| 21 | Fisher Athletic | 42 | 9 | 11 | 22 | 53 | 89 | 36 | | 38 |
| 22 | Gravesend & Northfleet | 42 | 8 | 9 | 25 | 39 | 87 | 48 | | 33 |

Source: fchd.com rsssf.com
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.

## Midland Division

The Midland Division consisted of 22 clubs, including 19 clubs from the previous season and three new clubs:

At the end of the season Stroud reverted name to **Forest Green Rovers**, while Rushden Town merged into new club Irthlingborough Diamonds, who took over place in the Midland Division.

### League table

Southern Football League
Midland Division
| Season | 1991–92 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Solihull Borough |
| Promoted | Hednesford Town
Solihull Borough |
| Relegated | Alvechurch |
| Matches played | 462 |
| Goals scored | 1,436 (3.11 per match) |
| 1990–91 1992–93 | |

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Solihull Borough | 42 | 29 | 10 | 3 | 92 | 40 | +52 | 97 | Promoted to the Premier Division |
| 2 | Hednesford Town | 42 | 26 | 13 | 3 | 81 | 37 | +44 | | 91 |
| 3 | Sutton Coldfield Town | 42 | 21 | 11 | 10 | 71 | 51 | +20 | 74 |  |
| 4 | Barry Town | 42 | 21 | 6 | 15 | 88 | 56 | +32 | | 69 |
| 5 | Bedworth United | 42 | 16 | 15 | 11 | 67 | 63 | +4 | | 63 |
| 6 | Nuneaton Borough | 42 | 17 | 11 | 14 | 68 | 53 | +15 | | 62 |
| 7 | Tamworth | 42 | 16 | 12 | 14 | 66 | 52 | +14 | | 60 |
| 8 | Rushden Town | 42 | 16 | 12 | 14 | 69 | 63 | +6 | 60 | Merged into Rushden & Diamonds |
| 9 | Stourbridge | 42 | 17 | 8 | 17 | 85 | 62 | +23 | 59 |  |
| 10 | Newport | 42 | 15 | 13 | 14 | 72 | 60 | +12 | | 58 |
| 11 | Yate Town | 42 | 14 | 15 | 13 | 65 | 64 | +1 | | 57 |
| 12 | Bilston Town | 42 | 15 | 10 | 17 | 56 | 67 | 11 | | 55 |
| 13 | Grantham Town | 42 | 11 | 17 | 14 | 59 | 55 | +4 | | 50 |
| 14 | King's Lynn | 42 | 13 | 11 | 18 | 61 | 68 | 7 | | 50 |
| 15 | Hinckley Town | 42 | 14 | 8 | 20 | 61 | 87 | 26 | | 50 |
| 16 | Leicester United | 42 | 12 | 13 | 17 | 56 | 63 | 7 | | 49 |
| 17 | Bridgnorth Town | 42 | 12 | 12 | 18 | 61 | 74 | 13 | | 48 |
| 18 | Racing Club Warwick | 42 | 11 | 14 | 17 | 45 | 61 | 16 | | 47 |
| 19 | Stroud | 42 | 14 | 4 | 24 | 66 | 88 | 22 | | 46 |
| 20 | Redditch United | 42 | 12 | 8 | 22 | 52 | 92 | 40 | | 44 |
| 21 | Alvechurch | 42 | 11 | 10 | 21 | 54 | 88 | 34 | 43 | Relegated to the West Midlands (Regional) League |
| 22 | Dudley Town | 42 | 8 | 9 | 25 | 41 | 92 | 51 | 33 |  |

Source: fchd.com rsssf.com
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.

## Southern Division

The Southern Division consisted of 22 clubs, including 18 clubs from the previous season and four new clubs:

### League table

Southern Football League
Southern Division
| Season | 1991–92 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Hastings Town |
| Promoted | Hastings Town
Weymouth |
| Relegated | Gosport Borough |
| Matches played | 462 |
| Goals scored | 1,297 (2.81 per match) |
| 1990–91 1992–93 | |

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Hastings Town | 42 | 28 | 7 | 7 | 80 | 37 | +43 | 91 | Promoted to the Premier Division |
| 2 | Weymouth | 42 | 22 | 12 | 8 | 64 | 35 | +29 | | 78 |
| 3 | Havant Town | 42 | 21 | 12 | 9 | 67 | 46 | +21 | 75 |  |
| 4 | Braintree Town | 42 | 21 | 8 | 13 | 77 | 58 | +19 | | 71 |
| 5 | Buckingham Town | 42 | 19 | 15 | 8 | 57 | 26 | +31 | | 69 |
| 6 | Andover | 42 | 18 | 10 | 14 | 73 | 68 | +5 | | 64 |
| 7 | Ashford Town (Kent) | 42 | 17 | 12 | 13 | 66 | 57 | +9 | | 63 |
| 8 | Sudbury Town | 42 | 18 | 9 | 15 | 70 | 66 | +4 | | 63 |
| 9 | Sittingbourne | 42 | 19 | 10 | 13 | 63 | 41 | +22 | | 61 |
| 10 | Burnham | 42 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 57 | 55 | +2 | | 59 |
| 11 | Baldock Town | 42 | 16 | 10 | 16 | 62 | 67 | 5 | | 58 |
| 12 | Salisbury | 42 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 67 | 51 | +16 | | 55 |
| 13 | Hythe Town | 42 | 15 | 10 | 17 | 61 | 62 | 1 | 55 | Club folded |
| 14 | Margate | 42 | 13 | 16 | 13 | 49 | 56 | 7 | 55 |  |
| 15 | Newport (Isle of Wight) | 42 | 13 | 10 | 19 | 58 | 63 | 5 | | 49 |
| 16 | Dunstable | 42 | 12 | 12 | 18 | 55 | 67 | 12 | | 48 |
| 17 | Bury Town | 42 | 14 | 4 | 24 | 52 | 94 | 42 | | 46 |
| 18 | Witney Town | 42 | 11 | 12 | 19 | 55 | 76 | 21 | | 45 |
| 19 | Fareham Town | 42 | 12 | 8 | 22 | 45 | 71 | 26 | | 44 |
| 20 | Erith & Belvedere | 42 | 11 | 10 | 21 | 44 | 67 | 23 | | 43 |
| 21 | Canterbury City | 42 | 8 | 14 | 20 | 43 | 69 | 26 | | 38 |
| 22 | Gosport Borough | 42 | 6 | 9 | 27 | 32 | 65 | 33 | 27 | Relegated to the Wessex League |

Source: fchd.com rsssf.com
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
Notes:

## InfoBox

Southern Football League
Premier Division
| Season | 1991–92 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Bromsgrove Rovers |
| Promoted | Bromsgrove Rovers |
| Relegated | Fisher Athletic
Gravesend & Northfleet
Poole Town
Wealdstone |
| Matches played | 462 |
| Goals scored | 1,320 (2.86 per match) |
| 1990–91 1992–93 | |


title: Epimenia

abstract: Epimenia is a genus of cavibelonian solenogasters, a kind of shell-less, worm-like mollusks. During the development of species in this genus, the sclerites start out as solid tips, then a hollow stalk develops that is subsequently infilled.

text:
# Epimenia

***Epimenia*** is a genus of cavibelonian solenogasters, a kind of shell-less, worm-like mollusks.

During the development of species in this genus, the sclerites start out as solid tips, then a hollow stalk develops that is subsequently infilled.

## Species

Species brought into synonymy * *Epimenia verrucosa* (Nierstrasz, 1902): synonym of *Epimenia babai* Salvini-Plawen, 1997
* *Epimenia vixinsignis* Salvini-Plawen, 1978: synonym of *Epiherpia vixinsignis* (Salvini-Plawen, 1978)

* Nierstrasz, H. 1908. The Solenogastres of Discovery-Expedition. Nation. Antarctic Exped. 1901–1904, Natur. Hist., 4:38-46

## InfoBox

| *Epimenia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| A preserved specimen of *Epimenia verrucosa* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Solenogastres |
| Family: | Epimeniidae |
| Genus: | *Epimenia*
Nierstrasz, 1908 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Proneomenia australis* Thiele, 1897
 | |


title: Empathy in literature

abstract: Empathy, as an interdisciplinary concept, usually studied within social and psychological context, plays an important role in consuming literature and fiction in particular. This concept is known as narrative empathy. Defined by Taylor et al. in 2002–2003, individuals experience narrative empathy when they are able to feel with, take the perspectives of, or experience a simulation with the likeness thereof a character within that narrative. When looking at empathy in literature, there are two main concepts that can be looked at. Learning empathy through literature, or narrative empathy, is more thoroughly and academically studied than narratives of empathy, which are prevalent across various types of fiction.

text:
# Empathy in literature

**Empathy**, as an interdisciplinary concept, usually studied within social and psychological context, plays an important role in consuming literature and fiction in particular. This concept is known as narrative empathy. Defined by Taylor et al. in 2002–2003, individuals experience narrative empathy when they are able to feel with (emotional empathy), take the perspectives of (cognitive empathy), or experience a simulation with the likeness thereof a character within that narrative. When looking at empathy in literature, there are two main concepts that can be looked at. Learning empathy through literature, or narrative empathy, is more thoroughly and academically studied than narratives of empathy, which are prevalent across various types of fiction.

## Narrative empathy

Narrative empathy is the effect of reading literature on the reader. Often, reading makes us more empathetic, but narrative empathy also studies which types of literature have a positive empathetic response and which types of individuals are more likely to be affected. To measure it, the following subscales are considered:

1. Fantasy: the individual’s ability to mentally move themselves out of the real world and into the fictional world,
2. Perspective Taking: someone’s inclination towards adopting other perspectives,
3. Empathic Concern: otherwise known as sympathy, or someone’s ability to feel for others in pain,
4. Personal Distress: feeling with others or sharing in their pain.

## Fiction

Mar et al., in a study of 94 participants, identified that the primary mode of literature that increases empathy is fiction, as opposed to non-fiction. Other studies verify these results and go on to specify that active fiction in particular engages with the reader and affects the reader’s empathy, at the very least in adults, rather than passive, entertainment fiction. This might be due to the parallels recognized between narrative and real-world comprehension as well as narrative fiction and real-world events. Empirical evidence, moreover, proved that fiction yielded a higher chance to get an individual involved in a narrative, while non-fiction did not. Fiction requires the reader to imagine the characters' situations and conditions, a phenomenon called “perspective taking."

The main literature on empathy looks at fiction, but other forms of literature are also important. For example, poetry is a more popular form to invoke empathy in neurodivergent readers, and it has the capacity to teach about high sensitivity when it comes to human difference.

## Gender

Although there is no notable difference between empathy increase across different genders, literature has shown to offer young men the space to experience and express their empathy. Several studies looking at the subscales mentioned above showed that the significant increase in empathy was in perspective taking, but those who had a higher perspective taking score to begin showed less increase. There was also an increase in concern for others. In fact, a person’s desire to increase their empathy has been shown to lead to a concrete increase in empathy and is subsequently associated with a shift in moral values as well.

## Further reading


title: Arthur Smith's Balham Bash

abstract: Arthur Smith's Balham Bash was a comedy and music show hosted by Arthur Smith. It is recorded at his own house in Balham, London, and features both stand-up comedy and musical acts. Three series were broadcast on BBC Radio 4 from 2009 to 2011. Other than Smith, the only other regular on the show was Pippa Evans, performing as singer-songwriter Loretta Maine.

text:
# Arthur Smith's Balham Bash

***Arthur Smith's Balham Bash*** was a comedy and music show hosted by Arthur Smith. It is recorded at his own house in Balham, London, and features both stand-up comedy and musical acts. Three series were broadcast on BBC Radio 4 from 2009 to 2011. Other than Smith, the only other regular on the show was Pippa Evans, performing as singer-songwriter Loretta Maine.

## InfoBox

Arthur Smith's Balham Bash
| Genre | Comedy radio
Full-service radio |
| --- | --- |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Language(s) | English |
| Home station | BBC Radio 4 |
| Hosted by | Arthur Smith |
| Starring | Pippa Evans |
| Recording studio | Balham, London, England |
| Original release | 2009 (2009)
2011 (2012) |


title: Ariya Rekawa

abstract: Ariya Bandara Rekawa is the 8th and current governor of Uva Province in Sri Lanka. Rekawa was elected to parliament representing the United National Party in the Kurunegala electorate at the 9th parliamentary election, held on 15 February 1989. Rekawa served as the Deputy Chairman of Committees between 9 March 1989 and 24 June 1994. He was the ambassador for Sri Lanka for the Philippines from 2001 to 2004. On 11 May 2018 he was appointed as the Governor of Uva Province.

text:
# Ariya Rekawa

**Ariya Bandara Rekawa** (born 19 February 1941) is the 8th and current governor of Uva Province in Sri Lanka.

Rekawa was elected to parliament representing the United National Party in the Kurunegala electorate at the 9th parliamentary election, held on 15 February 1989. Rekawa served as the Deputy Chairman of Committees between 9 March 1989 and 24 June 1994.

He was the ambassador for Sri Lanka for the Philippines from 2001 to 2004.

On 11 May 2018 he was appointed as the Governor of Uva Province.


title: Endochironomus nigricans

abstract: Endochironomus nigricans is a species of midge in the family Chironomidae, found primarily in North America.

text:
# Endochironomus nigricans

***Endochironomus nigricans*** is a species of midge in the family Chironomidae, found primarily in North America.

## InfoBox

| *Endochironomus nigricans* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Endochironomus nigricans*, Oklahoma | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Chironomidae |
| Subfamily: | Chironominae |
| Tribe: | Chironomini |
| Genus: | *Endochironomus* |
| Species: | ***E. nigricans*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Endochironomus nigricans***<br>(Johannsen, 1905) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Chironomus johnsoni*  Kieffer, 1906 * *Chironomus nigricans*  Johannsen, 1905 | |


title: Arnold Huchting

abstract: Arnold Huchting was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

text:
# Arnold Huchting

**Arnold Huchting** (October 15, 1828 – April 16, 1901) was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Biography

Huchting was born in 1828 in Bremen, Germany. He spent time in Australia and India (in 1847) before immigrating to the United States in 1852. He initially lived in the southern United States, and he married Louise Wetter in Savannah, Georgia, in 1860. He then moved to Madison, Wisconsin, and Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He became an officer of the Madison Fire Department in 1861 and was a member of the Madison Turn-Verein in the 1860s. Huchting committed suicide in 1901 while suffering from sciatic rheumatism.

## Career

Huchting was a member of the Assembly in 1882. He was a merchant by trade.


title: Arnold Huijgen

abstract: Arnold Huijgen is a Dutch theologian and professor of dogmatic theology at the Protestant Theological University in Amsterdam. He was previously professor of systematic theology at the Theological University of Apeldoorn.

text:
# Arnold Huijgen

**Arnold Huijgen** (born 16 November 1978) is a Dutch theologian and professor of dogmatic theology at the Protestant Theological University in Amsterdam. He was previously professor of systematic theology at the Theological University of Apeldoorn.

## Life

He studied theology at the Theological University of Apeldoorn from 1997 to 2004. In 2011 he graduated at this university on the dissertation  *Divine Accommodation in John Calvin's Theology. Analysis and Assessment* . It concerns a study of the accommodation concept of John Calvin. Accommodation means that God, according to Calvin, in His revelation adapts to the comprehension of man.

In 2004 he became an assistant in education at Theological University of Apeldoorn and in 2008 he was assigned the position of university lecturer. From June 2007 to the end of 2013 he was minister at the Christian Reformed church in Genemuiden. He was appointed in 2014 as senior lecturer, his appointment as professor of systematic theology followed in November 2016. He was appointed to as professor in dogmatics in PThU in 2022.

## Bibliography

* Lezen en laten lezen. Gelovig omgaan met de Bijbel. Kokboekencentrum, Utrecht, 2019.
* Herman J. Selderhuis & Arnold Huijgen (eds.), Calvinus Pastor Ecclesiae. Papers of the Eleventh International Congress on Calvin Research, Reformed Historical Theology 39 (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2016).
* ‘Practicing Gratitude. The Spirituality of Prayer in the Heidelberg Catechism’, in: Arnold Huijgen (ed.), The Spirituality of the Heidelberg Catechism. Papers of the International Conference on the Heidelberg Catechism Held in Apeldoorn 2013, Reformed Historical Theology 24 (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2015), 206–224.
* ‘Das Gebet im Heidelberger Katechismus’, in: A. Huijgen e.a. (eds.), Handbuch Heidelberger Katechismus (Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlag, 2014), 275–283.
* Met John V. Fesko: ‘Die Bedeutung des Heidelberger Katechismus’, in: A. Huijgen e.a. (eds.), Handbuch Heidelberger Katechismus (Gütersloh: Güterloher Verlag, 2014), 347–355.
* Fesko, John V., Beyond Calvin. Union With Christ and Justification in Early Modern Reformed Theology (1517-1700) (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2012), Journal of Reformed Theology 8 (2014), 316–318.
* ‘The Theology of the Heidelberg Catechism’, in Lux Mundi 32/2 (2013), 40–43.
* ‘The Dynamic Character of Accommodated Revelation: the Metaphors of the Ladder and the Pilgrim’s Way’, in: Calvinus Clarissimus Theologus. Papers of the Tenth International Congress on Calvin Research, ed. by Herman J. Selderhuis, \[Reformed Historical Theology 18\] Göttingen 2012, 326–336.
* Divine Accommodation in John Calvin's Theology. Analysis and Assessment, RHT 16, Göttingen 2011.
* ‘Divine Accommodation and the Reality of Human Knowledge of God: The Example of Calvin's Commentary on the Moses Theophany (Exodus 33-34)’, in: Herman J. Selderhuis (ed.), Calvin: Saint or Sinner?, SMHR 51, Tübingen 2010, 161–172.
* Calvin and Prayer,’ in: Lux Mundi 28/4 (2009): 94–97.
* 'Calvin's Reception in the Nineteenth Century', in: Herman J. Selderhuis (ed.), Calvin Handbook, Grand Rapids 2009, 486–496.
* Calvinrezeption im 19. Jahrhundert’, in: Herman J. Selderhuis (ed.), Calvin Handbuch, Tübingen 2008, 480–490.
* ‘Receptie van Calvijn in de negentiende eeuw’, in: Herman J. Selderhuis (red.), Calvijn Handboek, Kampen 2008, 538–548.
* ‘Divine accommodation and divine transcendence in John Calvin’s theology’, in: H.J. Selderhuis (ed.), Calvinus sacrorum literarum interpres. Papers of the International Congress on Calvin Research, Reformed Historical Theology 5, Göttingen 2008, 119–130.

## InfoBox

| professor doctorArnold Huijgen | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1978-11-16) 16 November 1978<br>Amersfoort |
| Nationality | Dutch |
| Alma mater | Theological University of Apeldoorn |
| Occupation | Theologian |
|  | |
| Religion | Christian |
|  | |
| **Theological work** | |
| Tradition or movement | Christian Reformed Churches |
|  | |


title: 1991 Chicago Marathon

abstract: The 1991 Chicago Marathon was the 14th running of the annual marathon race in Chicago, United States and was held on October 27. The elite men's race was won by Brazil's Joseildo da Silva in a time of 2:14:33 hours and the women's race was won by Sweden's Midde Hamrin in 2:36:21.

text:
# 1991 Chicago Marathon

The **1991 Chicago Marathon** was the 14th running of the annual marathon race in Chicago, United States and was held on October 27. The elite men's race was won by Brazil's Joseildo da Silva in a time of 2:14:33 hours and the women's race was won by Sweden's Midde Hamrin in 2:36:21.

## Background

The 1991 Chicago Marathon was run without a title sponsor. The 1990 race had been sponsored by G. Heileman Brewing Company, but the race organizers decided they wanted the race to be known as the Chicago Marathon. As a result, the prize money was reduced from $30,000 in 1990 to $7,500 in 1991, plus two free airline tickets. The lack of prize money affected the quality of athletes that participated in the event, with the Chicago Tribune saying that the 1991 race had the weakest field since 1981.

In the men's race, Richard Kaitany who came third at the 1990 Chicago Marathon and won the 1991 Houston Marathon was considered one of the favorites. Other favorites for the men's race included Irish athlete Roy Dooney, Polish national champion Mirosław Bugaj, and Mexican 5,000 and 10,000 meters national champion Marcos Baretto.

The course for the 1991 race was similar to the 1990 race, with a few minor alterations to the roads used. The race began at the Daley Plaza, and the second half of the race was run on the southbound carriageway of Lake Shore Drive. The finish line was in Grant Park. The flatness of the course meant that world record attempts were thought possible.

## Race summary

The races temperature was measured as 51 °F (11 °C), and the course was windy, particularly between 12–22 miles (19–35 km), where the racers followed Lake Shore Drive.

The men's race was won by Brazilian Joseildo da Silva. Polish athlete Leszek Stokłosa was the race's pacemaker, and da Silva took the lead around 7 miles (11 km) into the race with fellow Brazilian José Santana. Santana later dropped back, and a chasing group formed, containing Santana, Roy Dooney, and Dave Mora.After 22 miles (35 km), Dooney broke away from the chasing group, and he caught up to da Silva after 24 miles (39 km) of the race. Da Silva quickly dropped Dooney again. Da Silva won the race by six seconds from Dooney, and da Silva's winning time of 2:14:33 was the slowest winning time since 1981. After the race, da Silva said that the wind and a lack of competition in the race affected his ability to run quickly.

The women's race was won by Swede Midde Hamrin in a time of 2:36:21. Harmin broke away from the pack after 5 miles (8.0 km) and stayed ahead throughout. Kirsi Rauta, who finished second, was over two minutes behind Hamrin. Hamrin's winning time was also the slowest since 1981.

The mass participation race had around 7,500 starters and 5,908 finishers. The oldest competitor in the race was 75.

## Results

### Men

Men's top 10 finishers
| Position | Athlete | Nationality | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Joseildo da Silva | Brazil | 2:14:33 |
| 2 | Roy Dooney | Ireland | 2:14:39 |
| 3 | Jose Santana | Brazil | 2:15:06 |
| 4 | David Mora | United States | 2:15:44 |
| 5 | Valmir de Carvalho | Brazil | 2:16:22 |
| 6 | Kim Chul-un | South Korea | 2:17:00 |
| 7 | Thomas O'Gara | Ireland | 2:18:27 |
| 8 | David O'Keefe | United States | 2:18:30 |
| 9 | Tommy Ekblom | Finland | 2:19:13 |
| 10 | Greg Meyer | United States | 2:19:27 |

Source:

### Women

Women's top 10 finishers
| Position | Athlete | Nationality | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Midde Hamrin | Sweden | 2:36:21 |
| 2 | Kirsi Rauta | Finland | 2:38:21 |
| 3 | Silvana Pereira | Brazil | 2:40:10 |
| 4 | Ursula Noctor | Ireland | 2:41:21 |
| 5 | Kirsi Valasti | Finland | 2:41:45 |
| 6 | Monica Signahl | Sweden | 2:42:36 |
| 7 | Patricia Griffin | Ireland | 2:42:45 |
| 8 | Mary Pastillo | United States | 2:43:45 |
| 9 | Carina Leutner | Austria | 2:46:12 |
| 10 | Betsy Frick | United States | 2:50:26 |

Source:

## InfoBox

| 14th Chicago Marathon | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Chicago, United States |
| Dates | October 27 |
| Champions | |
| Men | Joseildo da Silva (2:14:33) |
| Women | Midde Hamrin (2:36:21) |
|


title: 1926 Estonian Football Championship

abstract: The 1926 Estonian Football Championship was the sixth top-division football league season in Estonia. Nine teams, seven from Tallinn and one from Pärnu, Narva took part in the league. It was played as a knock-out tournament. Tallinna Jalgpalliklubi won the championship for the third time in four years.

text:
# 1926 Estonian Football Championship

The **1926 Estonian Football Championship** was the sixth top-division football league season in Estonia. Nine teams, seven from Tallinn and one from Pärnu, Narva took part in the league. It was played as a knock-out tournament. Tallinna Jalgpalliklubi won the championship for the third time in four years.

## Preliminary round

| Date | Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Tallinna Jalgpalliklubi** | 4–0 | KS Võitleja Narva |

## Quarter-finals

| Date | Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Tallinna Jalgpalliklubi** | 6–0 | Nõmme SS Kalju |
|  | **Sirius Tallinn** | 5–0 | Võitleja Tallinn |
|  | **ESS Kalev Tallinn** | 4–1 | Meteor Tallinn |
|  | **VS Sport Tallinn** | w/o | JK Tervis Pärnu |

## Semi-finals

| Date | Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Tallinna Jalgpalliklubi** | 6–0 | ESS Kalev Tallinn |
|  | **VS Sport Tallinn** | 1–0 | Sirius Tallinn |

## Final

| Date | Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Tallinna Jalgpalliklubi** | 4–1 | VS Sport Tallinn |

## Top goalscorers

"Estonia, Championship History 1921–1998". *RSSSF*.

## InfoBox

1926 Estonian Championship
| Final positions | |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Tallinna Jalgpalliklubi<br>(1st title) |
|  | |


title: 1991 Chilean telethon

abstract: The 1991 Chilean telethon was the tenth version of the solidarity campaign conducted in Chile, which took place on 29 and 30 November 1991. The theme of this version was "Thanks to You" as a way of thanks to the Chilean public who had participated in the campaign for 13 years. It was the last edition of the Chilean telethon, that was identified with a cardinal number as from the next edition it began to be identified as Teletón and the year of the broadcast. The final total on the night, released by the Banco de Chile and read by Javier Miranda was CL$ 1,584,289,345. The final collection of the telethon was CL$ 1,803,923,485. The poster girl was Angela Castro.

text:
# 1991 Chilean telethon

The **1991 Chilean telethon** was the tenth version of the solidarity campaign conducted in Chile, which took place on 29 and 30 November 1991. The theme of this version was *"Thanks to You"* as a way of thanks to the Chilean public who had participated in the campaign for 13 years.

It was the last edition of the Chilean telethon, that was identified with a cardinal number as from the next edition it began to be identified as ***Teletón*** and the year of the broadcast.

The final total on the night, released by the Banco de Chile and read by Javier Miranda (TV host) was CL$ 1,584,289,345. The final collection of the telethon was CL$ 1,803,923,485. The poster girl was Angela Castro.

## Sponsors

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Artists

### National singers

### International Artists

### Comedians

### Magazine

### In the Children's Section

## Transmission

This was La Red's first telethon as participating network, and was Megavision's second under its present name.


title: Arthur Gordon Webster

abstract: Arthur Gordon Webster was an American physicist who founded the American Physical Society.

text:
# Arthur Gordon Webster

**Arthur Gordon Webster** (November 28, 1863 – May 15, 1923) was an American physicist who founded the American Physical Society.

## Biography

Webster was born on November 28, 1863, at Brookline, Massachusetts, to William Edward Webster and Mary Shannon Davis. On October 8, 1889, he married Elizabeth Munroe Townsend, daughter of Captain Robert Townsend and Harriett Munro of Albany, New York.

Webster had graduated from Harvard College in 1885 at the top of his class and had stayed for a year as instructor in mathematics and physics. At the end of that year he went to the University of Berlin where he studied for four years with Hermann von Helmholtz, receiving his PhD in 1890. Helmholtz is said to have considered Webster his favorite American student. During this period Webster also studied in Paris and Stockholm. He was unusually proficient in literature and was fluent in Latin, Greek, German, French, and Swedish, with a good knowledge of Italian and Spanish and competency in Russian and Modern Greek.

Clark University president G. Stanley Hall appointed Webster assistant professor and head of the Physical Laboratories in 1892, when physicist Albert A. Michelson left for the newly organized University of Chicago. At that time, only Johns Hopkins University and Clark University had doctoral programs in physics. Webster was promoted to full professor in 1900.

Webster was unusual for his time in that he was both a proficient mathematician as well as a competent experimentalist.

Webster's research was in the field of acoustics and mechanics. He is credited with developing an instrument to measure the absolute intensity of sound (the phonometer) and for research on the gyroscope. He also gave graduate lectures in theoretical physics at Clark University, which have been published as three textbooks.

Webster was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1895. A group of 20 physicists, invited by Webster, founded the American Physical Society at a meeting at Fayerweather Hall in Columbia University on May 20, 1899. In 1903, Webster became president of the American Physical Society and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1906.

Webster committed suicide in 1923, following the closure of the mathematics department at Clark, after it was rumored that the physics department would be the next to be closed by the new president. With a revolver he had bought a few hours before, Webster shot himself twice in the head in his private office while a class waited for him next door. He left a note to his son which read;

> Dear Gordon: This is the only way. For years I have been a failure - my research is worth nothing. Everyone else knows it, and S.N. physics has got away from me and I cannot come back. Everything I have started has stalled. Students will not come and they will put me out. Your mother will not see. She will get over this. Take care of her. I am sorry for the trouble I have caused you. Am sorry to make so much trouble. Do your best and tell the truth. With my best love, "Papa"

## Books by Webster

### Patents by Webster

#### Articles on Webster in scholarly journals

#### Webster on the Web

### Archival collections

## InfoBox

| Arthur Webster | |
| --- | --- |
| Webster c. 1915 | |
| Born | (1863-11-28)November 28, 1863
Brookline, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Died | May 15, 1923(1923-05-15) (aged 59)
Worcester, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Harvard College
University of Berlin |
| Known for | Acoustics
Ballistics
Founder of the APS |
| Awards | Elihu Thomson prize (1895) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Physics |
| Institutions | Clark University |
| Thesis | *Versuche über eine Methode zur Bestimmung des Verhältnisses der elektromagnetischen zur elektrostatischen Einheit der Elektricität*  (1890) |
| Doctoral advisor | Hermann von Helmholtz |
| Doctoral students | Mildred Allen
Robert Goddard
Albert Potter Wills |
|  | |


title: Epidendrum piperinum

abstract: Epidendrum piperinum is a small succulent epiphytic orchid native to the tropical Cloud forest of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, at altitudes close to 3 km. Reichenbach noted that the plant resembled a Peperomia.

text:
# Epidendrum piperinum

***Epidendrum piperinum*** is a small succulent epiphytic orchid native to the tropical Cloud forest of Colombia, Ecuador (including Carchi and Pichincha), and Peru, at altitudes close to 3 km. Reichenbach noted that the plant resembled a *Peperomia*.

## Description

The branched reed-like stems of *E. piperinum* are covered from the base to apex with imbricating sheaths; on the upper stem, these sheaths terminate in alternate oblong succulent leaves. The very short peduncle is not covered by any sheath or spathe where it emerges from the apex of the stem, and terminates in one small green flower at a time. The 3 mm long filiform petals stand erect alongside the much broader (1 mm) acute-ended 5 mm long dorsal sepal. The keeled ovate-lanceolate lateral sepals diverge narrowly and grow partially under the thick, heart-shaped lip.

## InfoBox

| *Epidendrum piperinum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Genus: | *Epidendrum* |
| Subgenus: | *Epidendrum subg. Epidendrum* |
| Section: | *Epidendrum* sect. *Planifolia* |
| Subsection: | *Epidendrum* subsect. *Umbellata* |
| Species: | ***E. piperinum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Epidendrum piperinum***<br>Lindl. | |
|


title: Epidendrum parahybunense

abstract: Epidendrum parahybunense is a species of orchid of the genus Epidendrum. This is an epiphytic orchid occurring in Brazil.

text:
# Epidendrum parahybunense

***Epidendrum parahybunense*** is a species of orchid of the genus *Epidendrum*. This is an epiphytic orchid occurring in Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Epidendrum parahybunense* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Tribe: | Epidendreae |
| Subtribe: | Laeliinae |
| Genus: | *Epidendrum* |
| Species: | ***E. parahybunense*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Epidendrum parahybunense***<br>Barb.Rodr. | |
|


title: Arkansas Western Railway

abstract: The Arkansas Western Railway operated a 32-mile rail line between Heavener, Oklahoma and Waldron, Arkansas. It bought the assets of its predecessor in 1904, and the company was merged out of existence in 1992.

text:
# Arkansas Western Railway

The **Arkansas Western Railway** operated a 32-mile rail line between Heavener, Oklahoma and Waldron, Arkansas. It bought the assets of its predecessor in 1904, and the company was merged out of existence in 1992.

## History

About three years after the Kansas City, Pittsburg & Gulf Railroad (KCP&G) arrived in Heavener in what was then Indian Territory, the Arkansas Western Railroad was incorporated December 13, 1899 to build a line from Heavener to Waldron in Arkansas. The line was about 32 miles in length, passed through Bates, Cauthron, and Hon, Arkansas, and was completed in 1901. The purpose of the railway was to service the timber industry.

The Kansas City Southern (KCS) acquired the KCP&G in a foreclosure sale in 1900. On May 13, 1904 the KCS incorporated a new subsidiary, the Arkansas Western Railway, which then acquired all the assets of the Arkansas Western Railroad on June 1, 1904. The Arkansas Western Railway continued to be operated under that name, but the acquisition allowed “through-service” from Ft. Smith to Waldron, about 45 miles to the south-southeast; however, the round-about route took 3 hours and 15 minutes while making 14 intermediate stops.

In 1932, the railroad built an extension of about 22 miles from Waldron to Forester, Arkansas to service a lumber mill there. But that line was removed soon after the closing of the mill in 1952.

Consideration was given around 1980 to abandonment of the rest of the trackage, but instead the line was rehabilitated by mid-1983 in a project taking private and public funding and utilizing 43,540 crossties, 120,092 rail anchors, 92,035 tons of base aggregate, 29 new timber trestles, and 15 repaired trestles. In 1992, the Arkansas Western Railway was merged into the KCS. In subsequent history, the KCS leased the Heavener-to-Waldron line to Watco in 2005, and the trackage is being operated by the Arkansas Southern Railroad.

## InfoBox

Arkansas Western Railway
| Overview | |
| --- | --- |
| Locale | Arkansas and Oklahoma |
| Dates of operation | 19041992 |
| Predecessor | Arkansas Western Railroad |
| Successor | Kansas City Southern |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge |
| Length | 32 miles (51 km) |


title: Aschelminth

abstract: The Aschelminthes, closely associated with the Platyhelminthes, are an obsolete phylum of pseudocoelomate and other similar animals that are no longer considered closely related and have been promoted to phyla in their own right. The term Aschelminth is now generally only used as an informal name for any member of the approximately ten different invertebrate phyla formerly included within Aschelminthes. It is a polyphyletic group.

text:
# Aschelminth

The **Aschelminthes** (**Aeschelminthes** or **Nemathelminthes**), closely associated with the Platyhelminthes, are an obsolete phylum of pseudocoelomate and other similar animals that are no longer considered closely related and have been promoted to phyla in their own right. The term **Aschelminth** is now generally only used as an informal name for any member of the approximately ten different invertebrate phyla formerly included within Aschelminthes.

It is a polyphyletic group.

## Subdivisions

Although invertebrate experts do not necessarily agree on these categorizations, groups that are generally incorporated into Aschelminthes include:

Gnathifera

Nematoidea

Scalidophora

In addition, Cycliophora, Entoprocta and Tardigrada are sometimes included.


title: 1991 Chicago Cubs season

abstract: The 1991 Chicago Cubs season was the 120th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 116th in the National League and the 76th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished fourth in the National League East with a record of 77–83.

text:
# 1991 Chicago Cubs season

The **1991 Chicago Cubs season** was the 120th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 116th in the National League and the 76th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished fourth in the National League East with a record of 77–83.

## Offseason

## Regular season

### Season standings

NL East
| Team |  |  | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pittsburgh Pirates | 98 | 64 | .605 |  | 5232 | 4632 |
| St. Louis Cardinals | 84 | 78 | .519 | 14 | 5232 | 3246 |
| Philadelphia Phillies | 78 | 84 | .481 | 20 | 4736 | 3148 |
| Chicago Cubs | 77 | 83 | .481 | 20 | 4637 | 3146 |
| New York Mets | 77 | 84 | .478 | 20½ | 4042 | 3742 |
| Montreal Expos | 71 | 90 | .441 | 26½ | 3335 | 3855 |

### Record vs. opponents

|
Sources: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | ATL | CHC | CIN | HOU | LAD | MON | NYM | PHI | PIT | SD | SF | STL |
| Atlanta |  | 6–6 | 11–7 | 13–5 | 7–11 | 5–7 | 9–3 | 5–7 | 9–3 | 11–7 | 9–9 | 9–3 |
| Chicago | 6–6 |  | 4–8 | 9–3 | 2–10 | 10–7 | 11–6 | 8–10 | 7–11 | 4–8 | 6–6 | 10–8 |
| Cincinnati | 7–11 | 8–4 |  | 9–9 | 6–12 | 6–6 | 5–7 | 9–3 | 2–10 | 8–10 | 10–8 | 4–8 |
| Houston | 5–13 | 3–9 | 9–9 |  | 8–10 | 2–10 | 7–5 | 7–5 | 4–8 | 6–12 | 9–9 | 5–7 |
| Los Angeles | 11–7 | 10–2 | 12–6 | 10–8 |  | 5–7 | 7–5 | 7–5 | 7–5 | 10–8 | 8–10 | 6–6 |
| Montreal | 7–5 | 7–10 | 6–6 | 10–2 | 7–5 |  | 4–14 | 4–14 | 6–12 | 6–6 | 7–5 | 7–11 |
| New York | 3–9 | 6–11 | 7–5 | 5–7 | 5–7 | 14–4 |  | 11–7 | 6–12 | 7–5 | 6–6 | 7–11 |
| Philadelphia | 7-5 | 10–8 | 3–9 | 5–7 | 5–7 | 14–4 | 7–11 |  | 6–12 | 9–3 | 6–6 | 6–12 |
| Pittsburgh | 3–9 | 11–7 | 10–2 | 8–4 | 5–7 | 12–6 | 12–6 | 12–6 |  | 7–5 | 7–5 | 11–7 |
| San Diego | 7–11 | 8–4 | 10–8 | 12–6 | 8–10 | 6–6 | 5–7 | 3–9 | 5–7 |  | 11–7 | 9–3 |
| San Francisco | 9–9 | 6–6 | 8–10 | 9–9 | 10–8 | 5–7 | 6–6 | 6–6 | 5–7 | 7–11 |  | 4–8 |
| St. Louis | 3–9 | 8–10 | 8–4 | 7–5 | 6–6 | 11–7 | 11–7 | 12–6 | 7–11 | 3–9 | 8–4 |  |

### Notable transactions

### Notable games

* July 23: In a 6–4 victory over the Reds, Andre Dawson was ejected in the bottom of the seventh inning for arguing a called third strike by umpire Joe West. After Jim Essian was also ejected for arguing, Dawson proceeded to throw seventeen bats from the bat racks onto the field from the dugout. Dawson was fined $1,000 and suspended for one game.

### Roster

| 1991 Chicago Cubs | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Roster** | | | | | | | | | |
| **Pitchers** |  | **Catchers** **Infielders** |  | **Outfielders** |  | **Manager** **Coaches** |
|

#### Opening Day lineup

### Schedule

| # | Date | Opponent | Score | Win | Loss | Save | Attendance | Record | Box/
Streak |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | April 9 | Cardinals | 1–4 | Smith | Jackson | Smith | 31,622 | 0–1 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 2 | April 10 | Cardinals | 2–0 | Maddux | DeLeon | Smith | 11,204 | 1–1 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 3 | April 11 | Cardinals | 4–5 | Hill | Harkey | Smith | 10,830 | 1–2 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 4 | April 12 | Pirates | 1–3 | Smiley | Boskie | Palacios | 8,704 | 1–3 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 5 | April 13 | Pirates | 7–3 | Bielecki | Drabek |  | 23,838 | 2–3 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 6 | April 14 | Pirates | 6–4 | Slocumb | Belinda | Smith | 25,994 | 3–3 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 7 | April 15 | Phillies | 5–4 | Maddux | Grimsley | Smith | 27,794 | 4–3 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 8 | April 16 | Phillies | 4–3 (13) | Bielecki | Williams |  | 11,571 | 5–3 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 9 | April 17 | Phillies | 4–1 | Boskie | Combs | Smith | 13,680 | 6–3 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 10 | April 18 | @ Pirates | 3–2 | Sutcliffe | Drabek | Assenmacher | 9,148 | 7–3 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 11 | April 19 | @ Pirates | 4–5 | Belinda | Smith |  | 13,157 | 7–4 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 12 | April 20 | @ Pirates | 3–9 | Smith | Maddux |  | 13,179 | 7–5 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 13 | April 21 | @ Pirates | 12–13 (11) | Patterson | Bielecki |  | 10,860 | 7–6 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 14 | April 22 | @ Cardinals | 2–3 | Agosto | Smith |  | 23,943 | 7–7 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 15 | April 23 | @ Cardinals | 2–4 | Tewksbury | Sutcliffe | Smith | 25,384 | 7–8 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 16 | April 24 | @ Cardinals | 1–0 | Bielecki | DeLeon | Assenmacher | 25,339 | 8–8 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 17 | April 25 | @ Reds | 4–6 | Power | Slocumb | Myers | 22,914 | 8–9 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 18 | April 26 | @ Reds | 1–3 | Rijo | Harkey | Dibble | 37,681 | 8–10 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 19 | April 27 | @ Reds | 8–3 | Boskie | Charlton | Assenmacher | 35,265 | 9–10 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 20 | April 28 | @ Reds | 3–4 | Hammond | Sutcliffe | Dibble | 33,518 | 9–11 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 21 | April 30 | Astros | 10–3 | Bielecki | Portugal |  | 27,523 | 10–11 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 22 | May 1 | Astros | 11–8 | Maddux | Deshaies |  | 17,606 | 11–11 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 23 | May 3 | @ Braves | 2–5 | Glavine | Boskie | Mercker | 30,476 | 11–12 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 24 | May 4 | @ Braves | 2–4 | Smoltz | Sutcliffe | Berenguer | 20,724 | 11–13 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 25 | May 5 | @ Braves | 9–6 | McElroy | Leibrandt | Smith | 27,141 | 12–13 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 26 | May 6 | @ Astros | 4–3 | Maddux | Deshaies | Smith | 9,736 | 13–13 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 27 | May 7 | @ Astros | 4–3 | Scanlan | Hernandez | Smith | 13,640 | 14–13 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 28 | May 8 | @ Astros | 2–4 | Harnisch | Boskie | Schilling | 11,307 | 14–14 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 29 | May 10 | Reds | 6–5 | Sutcliffe | Browning | Smith | 35,484 | 15–14 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 30 | May 11 | Reds | 2–12 | Rijo | Bielecki |  | 35,998 | 15–15 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 31 | May 12 | Reds | 3–5 | Armstrong | Maddux | Dibble | 32,353 | 15–16 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 32 | May 13 | Braves | 3–5 | Glavine | Boskie |  | 29,579 | 15–17 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 33 | May 14 | Braves | 5–4 | Assenmacher | Mercker | Smith | 31,446 | 16–17 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 34 | May 15 | Braves | 6–1 | Assenmacher | Berenguer |  | 25,814 | 17–17 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 35 | May 17 | @ Phillies | 0–1 (16) | Greene | Lancaster |  | 28,044 | 17–18 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 36 | May 18 | @ Phillies | 2–5 | Boever | Assenmacher | Williams | 34,877 | 17–19 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 37 | May 19 | @ Phillies | 2–1 (10) | Bielecki | McDowell | Smith | 27,830 | 18–19 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 38 | May 21 | @ Mets | 6–8 | Gooden | Sutcliffe | Franco | 29,129 | 18–20 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 39 | May 22 | @ Mets | 5–2 | Maddux | Viola |  | 28,749 | 19–20 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 40 | May 23 | @ Mets | 4–3 | Lancaster | Franco | Assenmacher | 29,763 | 20–20 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 41 | May 24 | Expos | 4–3 | Scanlan | Gardner | Slocumb | 32,410 | 21–20 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 42 | May 25 | Expos | 6–1 | Bielecki | Mahler | McElroy | 16,961 | 22–20 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 43 | May 26 | Expos | 8–6 | Lancaster | Burke | Smith | 35,417 | 23–20 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 44 | May 27 | Mets | 1–3 | Viola | Maddux | Franco | 33,897 | 23–21 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 45 | May 28 | Mets | 8–9 | Pena | Assenmacher | Franco | 32,811 | 23–22 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 46 | May 29 | Mets | 1–8 | Cone | Scanlan |  | 31,359 | 23–23 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 47 | May 31 | @ Expos | 7–2 | Bielecki | Martinez | Lancaster | 17,308 | 24–23 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 48 | June 1 | @ Expos | 2–1 (10) | McElroy | Jones | Smith | 22,184 | 25–23 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 49 | June 2 | @ Expos | 4–3 | Assenmacher | Ruskin | Smith | 23,070 | 26–23 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 50 | June 4 | Padres | 1–7 | Benes | Scanlan |  | 32,712 | 26–24 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 51 | June 5 | Padres | 0–3 | Rasmussen | Bielecki |  | 22,500 | 26–25 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 52 | June 6 | Padres | 6–2 | Maddux | Melendez |  | 23,200 | 27–25 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 53 | June 7 | Dodgers | 2–3 | Morgan | Boskie | Howell | 35,414 | 27–26 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 54 | June 8 | Dodgers | 4–3 | McElroy | Gross | Smith | 35,101 | 28–26 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 55 | June 9 | Dodgers | 3–6 | Hershiser | Jackson |  | 34,446 | 28–27 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 56 | June 10 | Dodgers | 5–13 | Martinez | Bielecki | Hartley | 33,204 | 28–28 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 57 | June 11 | Giants | 6–8 (10) | Downs | Smith | Righetti | 32,449 | 28–29 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 58 | June 12 | Giants | 6–1 | Boskie | Robinson | Smith | 33,880 | 29–29 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 59 | June 13 | Giants | 4–3 | Bielecki | Wilson | Assenmacher | 34,149 | 30–29 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 60 | June 14 | @ Padres | 7–3 | Jackson | Benes | Smith | 30,161 | 31–29 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 61 | June 15 | @ Padres | 2–6 | Rasmussen | Bielecki |  | 23,557 | 31–30 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 62 | June 16 | @ Padres | 2–4 | Melendez | Maddux | Andersen | 28,961 | 31–31 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 63 | June 17 | @ Dodgers | 4–6 | Morgan | Boskie | Crews | 42,767 | 31–32 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 64 | June 18 | @ Dodgers | 5–6 (13) | Hartley | Bielecki |  | 37,402 | 31–33 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 65 | June 19 | @ Dodgers | 8–9 | Howell | Assenmacher |  | 39,287 | 31–34 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 66 | June 20 | @ Giants | 3–4 | Oliveras | Lancaster | Righetti | 16,408 | 31–35 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 67 | June 21 | @ Giants | 2–4 | Downs | Maddux | Righetti | 17,198 | 31–36 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 68 | June 22 | @ Giants | 3–6 | Wilson | Boskie | Oliveras | 31,841 | 31–37 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 69 | June 23 | @ Giants | 1–2 | Brantley | Smith |  | 42,389 | 31–38 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 70 | June 25 | @ Pirates | 5–1 | Lancaster | Smiley |  | 31,115 | 32–38 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 71 | June 26 | @ Pirates | 6–7 | Walk | Maddux | Landrum | 41,389 | 32–39 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 72 | June 27 | @ Pirates | 3–4 | Palacios | Assenmacher |  | 30,960 | 32–40 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 73 | June 28 | Cardinals | 6–14 | Olivares | Scanlan |  | 35,220 | 32–41 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 74 | June 29 | Cardinals | 6–4 | Lancaster | Tewksbury | Assenmacher | 34,957 | 33–41 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 75 | June 30 | Cardinals | 7–4 | McElroy | DeLeon |  | 32,736 | 34–41 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 76 | July 1 | Pirates | 6–5 (13) | Scanlan | Belinda |  | 32,633 | 35–41 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 77 | July 2 | Pirates | 4–13 | Drabek | Boskie |  | 34,332 | 35–42 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 78 | July 3 | Pirates | 7–11 | Smith | Lancaster |  | 33,432 | 35–43 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 79 | July 4 | Pirates | 9–8 (11) | McElroy | Landrum |  | 31,098 | 36–43 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 80 | July 5 | @ Cardinals | 5–1 | Castillo | DeLeon |  | 49,251 | 37–43 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 81 | July 6 | @ Cardinals | 12–2 | Bielecki | Smith |  | 48,313 | 38–43 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 82 | July 7 | @ Cardinals | 7–8 (12) | Fraser | Renfroe |  | 39,595 | 38–44 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 83 | July 11 | Astros | 4–6 (11) | Osuna | Smith | Capel | 32,313 | 38–45 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 84 | July 12 | Astros | 5–2 | Castillo | Portugal | Assenmacher | 33,772 | 39–45 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 85 | July 13 | Astros | 4–3 | Lancaster | Capel |  | 32,588 | 40–45 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 86 | July 14 | Astros | 4–3 | Bielecki | Kile | Assenmacher | 33,750 | 41–45 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 87 | July 15 | @ Braves | 6–4 | Maddux | Smith | Assenmacher | 25,057 | 42–45 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 88 | July 16 | @ Braves | 5–8 | Freeman | Scanlan | Berenguer | 25,893 | 42–46 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 89 | July 17 | @ Braves | 2–12 | Smoltz | Lancaster |  | 16,984 | 42–47 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 90 | July 19 | @ Astros | 2–5 | Harnisch | Scanlan | Osuna | 27,577 | 42–48 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 91 | July 20 | @ Astros | 6–0 | Maddux | Kile |  | 37,970 | 43–48 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 92 | July 21 | @ Astros | 4–2 | Castillo | Clancy |  | 28,847 | 44–48 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 93 | July 23 | Reds | 8–5 | Lancaster | Myers | Assenmacher | 34,458 | 45–48 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 94 | July 24 | Reds | 3–12 | Browning | Bielecki |  | 36,215 | 45–49 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 95 | July 25 | Reds | 5–4 (13) | Slocumb | Layana |  | 35,008 | 46–49 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 96 | July 26 | Braves | 2–6 | Avery | Castillo |  | 35,604 | 46–50 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 97 | July 27 | Braves | 7–5 | Lancaster | Smoltz | McElroy | 34,023 | 47–50 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 98 | July 28 | Braves | 6–2 | Bielecki | Leibrandt | Assenmacher | 33,782 | 48–50 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 99 | July 30 | @ Reds | 5–6 (10) | Dibble | McElroy |  | 37,832 | 48–51 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 100 | July 31 | @ Reds | 1–5 | Rijo | Castillo | Power | 36,483 | 48–52 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 101 | August 2 | @ Mets | 4–2 (10) | Assenmacher | Pena |  | 35,361 | 49–52 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 102 | August 3 | @ Mets | 9–2 | Scanlan | Viola |  | 39,804 | 50–52 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 103 | August 4 | @ Mets | 8–3 | Maddux | Cone |  | 36,080 | 51–52 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 104 | August 5 | @ Mets | 7–2 | Castillo | Schourek |  | 27,508 | 52–52 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 105 | August 6 | @ Phillies | 2–6 (11) | Williams | Lancaster |  | 26,562 | 52–53 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 106 | August 7 | @ Phillies | 4–5 (11) | Williams | Lancaster |  | 26,294 | 52–54 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 107 | August 8 | @ Phillies | 1–11 | Cox | Jackson |  | 32,232 | 52–55 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 108 | August 9 | Mets | 5–4 | Maddux | Cone |  | 36,110 | 53–55 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 109 | August 10 | Mets | 6–2 | Scanlan | Burke | Lancaster | 35,639 | 54–55 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 110 | August 11 | Mets | 3–2 (14) | Boskie | Schourek |  | 33,128 | 55–55 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 111 | August 12 | Mets | 3–2 (10) | Lancaster | Burke |  | 34,342 | 56–55 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 112 | August 13 | Expos | 6–7 | Sampen | Lancaster | Fassero | 34,085 | 56–56 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 113 | August 14 | Expos | 0–2 | Barnes | Maddux | Jones | 34,817 | 56–57 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 114 | August 15 | Expos | 7–6 | Assenmacher | Fassero | McElroy | 33,514 | 57–57 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 115 | August 16 | Phillies | 9–1 | Sutcliffe | Ruffin |  | 34,547 | 58–57 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 116 | August 17 | Phillies | 2–5 | Mulholland | Bielecki | Williams | 33,223 | 58–58 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 117 | August 18 | Phillies | 7–6 (10) | Assenmacher | Williams |  | 32,801 | 59–58 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 118 | August 19 | @ Expos | 3–2 (11) | Assenmacher | Sampen |  | 10,792 | 60–58 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 119 | August 20 | @ Expos | 2–4 | Haney | Scanlan | Rojas | 12,987 | 60–59 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 120 | August 21 | @ Expos | 3–1 | Sutcliffe | Nabholz | Lancaster | 15,192 | 61–59 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 121 | August 23 | Padres | 5–4 | Lancaster | Lefferts |  | 33,090 | 62–59 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 122 | August 24 | Padres | 1–4 | Benes | Maddux | Melendez | 32,760 | 62–60 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 123 | August 25 | Padres | 9–12 | Maddux | Scanlan | Melendez | 31,190 | 62–61 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 124 | August 26 | Dodgers | 3–4 | Gott | McElroy | Howell | 31,149 | 62–62 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 125 | August 27 | Dodgers | 2–1 | Castillo | Martinez |  | 31,624 | 63–62 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 126 | August 28 | @ Giants | 8–6 | Bielecki | McClellan | Assenmacher | 16,230 | 64–62 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 127 | August 29 | @ Giants | 5–4 | Maddux | Oliveras |  | 19,887 | 65–62 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 128 | August 30 | @ Dodgers | 0–2 | Belcher | Jackson |  | 39,666 | 65–63 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 129 | August 31 | @ Dodgers | 2–3 | McDowell | Assenmacher | Howell | 46,943 | 65–64 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 130 | September 1 | @ Dodgers | 3–12 | Martinez | Castillo |  | 38,742 | 65–65 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 131 | September 2 | @ Padres | 10–8 | McElroy | Melendez |  | 12,706 | 66–65 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 132 | September 3 | @ Padres | 1–4 | Benes | Maddux |  | 9,047 | 66–66 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 133 | September 4 | @ Padres | 1–5 | Rasmussen | Jackson |  | 9,952 | 66–67 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 134 | September 6 | Giants | 3–2 | Castillo | Hickerson | Smith | 22,090 | 67–67 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 135 | September 7 | Giants | 2–1 | Bielecki | McClellan | Assenmacher | 30,821 | 68–67 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 136 | September 8 | Giants | 3–4 | Wilson | Maddux | Righetti | 27,875 | 68–68 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 137 | September 9 | Pirates | 10–12 | Belinda | Smith | Rodriguez | 18,775 | 68–69 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 138 | September 10 | Pirates | 6–2 | Sutcliffe | Tomlin | Scanlan | 29,299 | 69–69 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 139 | September 11 | Mets | 1–4 | Castillo | Castillo | Franco | 15,795 | 69–70 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 140 | September 12 | Mets | 3–6 | Young | Bielecki | Whitehurst | 14,324 | 69–71 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 141 | September 13 | Expos | 2–3 | Martinez | Scanlan | Jones | 17,668 | 69–72 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 142 | September 14 | Expos | 7–5 (10) | Scanlan | Jones |  | 30,130 | 70–72 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 143 | September 15 | Expos | 5–6 (10) | Rojas | Assenmacher | Fassero | 25,601 | 70–73 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 144 | September 16 | @ Pirates | 4–5 | Smith | Castillo | Mason | 16,149 | 70–74 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 145 | September 17 | @ Pirates | 2–9 | Drabek | Bielecki |  | 18,152 | 70–75 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 146 | September 18 | @ Mets | 4–1 | Maddux | Viola |  | 11,980 | 71–75 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 147 | September 22 | Expos | 2–6 | Gardner | Sutcliffe |  |  | 71–76 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 148 | September 22 | Expos | 3–5 | Sampen | Castillo | Rojas | 16,061 | 71–77 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 149 | September 23 | Phillies | 10–3 | Maddux | Mulholland |  | 16,141 | 72–77 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 150 | September 24 | Phillies | 2–4 | Ashby | Bielecki | Williams | 19,694 | 72–78 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 151 | September 25 | Phillies | 4–5 | Greene | Boskie | Williams | 9,892 | 72–79 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 152 | September 27 | @ Cardinals | 4–5 | Tewksbury | Castillo | Smith | 30,429 | 72–80 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 153 | September 28 | @ Cardinals | 2–3 | Hill | Maddux | Smith | 38,304 | 72–81 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 154 | September 29 | @ Cardinals | 5–3 | Sutcliffe | Smith | Assenmacher | 42,665 | 73–81 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 155 | September 30 | @ Phillies | 5–6 | Ritchie | Assenmacher |  | 12,109 | 73–82 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 156 | October 1 | @ Phillies | 5–6 (13) | Ruffin | Assenmacher |  | 12,291 | 73–83 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 157 | October 2 | @ Phillies | 1–0 | Maddux | de Jesus |  | 13,680 | 74–83 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 158 | October 5 | Cardinals | 3–2 | Scanlan | Fraser |  |  | 75–83 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 159 | October 5 | Cardinals | 7–5 | Perez | Agosto | Assenmacher | 21,295 | 76–83 | {{{box/streak}}} |
| 160 | October 6 | Cardinals | 7–3 | Maddux | Olivares |  | 17,169 | 77–83 | {{{box/streak}}} |
|  | | | | | | | | | |

## Player stats

### Batting

#### Starters by position

*Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Pos | Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C | Rick Wilkins | 86 | 203 | 45 | .222 | 6 | 22 |
| 1B | Mark Grace | 160 | 619 | 169 | .273 | 8 | 58 |
| 2B | Ryne Sandberg | 158 | 585 | 170 | .291 | 26 | 100 |
| 3B | Luis Salazar | 103 | 333 | 86 | .258 | 14 | 38 |
| SS | Shawon Dunston | 142 | 492 | 128 | .260 | 12 | 50 |
| LF | George Bell | 148 | 558 | 159 | .285 | 25 | 86 |
| CF | Jerome Walton | 123 | 270 | 59 | .219 | 5 | 17 |
| RF | Andre Dawson | 149 | 563 | 153 | .272 | 31 | 104 |

#### Other batters

*Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Chico Walker | 124 | 374 | 96 | .257 | 6 | 34 |
| Doug Dascenzo | 118 | 239 | 61 | .255 | 1 | 18 |
| Héctor Villanueva | 71 | 192 | 53 | .276 | 13 | 32 |
| Dwight Smith | 90 | 167 | 38 | .228 | 3 | 21 |
| Damon Berryhill | 62 | 159 | 30 | .189 | 5 | 14 |
| José Vizcaíno | 93 | 145 | 38 | .262 | 0 | 10 |
| Ced Landrum | 56 | 86 | 20 | .233 | 0 | 6 |
| Gary Scott | 31 | 79 | 13 | .165 | 1 | 5 |
| Joe Girardi | 21 | 47 | 9 | .191 | 0 | 6 |
| Rey Sánchez | 13 | 23 | 6 | .261 | 0 | 2 |
| Derrick May | 15 | 22 | 5 | .227 | 1 | 3 |
| Erik Pappas | 7 | 17 | 3 | .176 | 0 | 2 |
| Doug Strange | 3 | 9 | 4 | .444 | 0 | 1 |

### Pitching

#### Starting pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Greg Maddux | 37 | 263.0 | 15 | 11 | 3.35 | 198 |
| Shawn Boskie | 28 | 129.0 | 4 | 9 | 5.23 | 62 |
| Frank Castillo | 18 | 111.2 | 6 | 7 | 4.35 | 73 |
| Rick Sutcliffe | 19 | 96.2 | 6 | 5 | 4.10 | 52 |
| Danny Jackson | 17 | 70.2 | 1 | 5 | 6.75 | 31 |
| Mike Harkey | 4 | 18.2 | 0 | 2 | 5.30 | 15 |

#### Other pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mike Bielecki | 39 | 172.0 | 13 | 11 | 4.50 | 72 |
| Les Lancaster | 64 | 156.0 | 9 | 7 | 3.52 | 102 |
| Bob Scanlan | 40 | 111.0 | 7 | 8 | 3.89 | 44 |
|

#### Relief pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | W | L | SV | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Dave Smith | 35 | 0 | 6 | 17 | 6.00 | 16 |
| Paul Assenmacher | 75 | 7 | 8 | 15 | 3.24 | 117 |
| Chuck McElroy | 71 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 1.95 | 92 |
| Heathcliff Slocumb | 52 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3.45 | 34 |
| Steve Wilson | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.38 | 9 |
| Laddie Renfroe | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 13.50 | 4 |
| Yorkis Pérez | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2.08 | 3 |
| Doug Dascenzo | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 |
| Scott May | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18.00 | 1 |
| Dave Pavlas | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18.00 | 0 |

## Farm system

| Level | Team | League | Manager |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| AAA | Iowa Cubs | American Association | Jim Essian and Mick Kelleher |
| AA | Charlotte Knights | Southern League | Jay Loviglio |
|  | Winston-Salem Spirits | Carolina League | Brad Mills |
|  | Peoria Chiefs | Midwest League | Bill Hayes |
| A-Short Season | Geneva Cubs | New York–Penn League | Greg Mahlberg |
| Rookie | Huntington Cubs | Appalachian League | Steve Roadcap |

## InfoBox

| 1991 Chicago Cubs | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| League | National League |
| Division | East |
| Ballpark | Wrigley Field |
| City | Chicago |
| Owners | Tribune Company |
| General managers | Jim Frey |
| Managers | Don Zimmer, Joe Altobelli, Jim Essian |
| Television | WGN-TV/Superstation WGN
(Harry Caray, Steve Stone, Thom Brennaman) |
| Radio | WGN
(Thom Brennaman, Ron Santo, Bob Brenly, Harry Caray) |
| Stats | ESPN.com
Baseball Reference |
|  | |


title: Entropic explosion

abstract: An entropic explosion is an explosion in which the reactants undergo a large change in volume without releasing a large amount of heat. The chemical decomposition of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) may be an example of an entropic explosion. It is not a thermochemically highly favored event because little energy is generated in chemical bond formation in reaction products, but rather involves an entropy burst, which is the result of formation of one ozone and three acetone gas phase molecules from every molecule of TATP in the solid state. This hypothesis has been questioned as opposing to other theoretical investigations as well as actual measurements of the detonation heat of TATP. Experiments have shown that the explosion heat of TATP is about 2800 kJ/kg and that it acts as a usual explosive, producing a mix of hydrocarbons, water and carbon oxides upon detonation. The authors of the 2005 Dubnikova et al. study confirm that a final redox reaction (combustion) of ozone, oxygen and reactive species into water, various oxides and hydrocarbons takes place within about 180 ps after the initial reaction - within about a micron of the detonation wave. Crystals of TATP ultimately reach a temperature of 2300 K and pressure of 80 kbar.

text:
# Entropic explosion

An **entropic explosion** is an explosion in which the reactants undergo a large change in volume without releasing a large amount of heat. The chemical decomposition of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) may be an example of an entropic explosion. It is not a thermochemically highly favored event because little energy is generated in chemical bond formation in reaction products, but rather involves an entropy burst, which is the result of formation of one ozone and three acetone gas phase molecules from every molecule of TATP in the solid state.

This hypothesis has been questioned as opposing to other theoretical investigations as well as actual measurements of the detonation heat of TATP. Experiments have shown that the explosion heat of TATP is about 2800 kJ/kg (about 70% of TNT) and that it acts as a usual explosive, producing a mix of hydrocarbons, water and carbon oxides upon detonation.

The authors of the 2005 Dubnikova et al. study confirm that a final redox reaction (combustion) of ozone, oxygen and reactive species into water, various oxides and hydrocarbons takes place within about 180 ps after the initial reaction - within about a micron of the detonation wave. Crystals of TATP ultimately reach a temperature of 2300 K and pressure of 80 kbar.


title: 10 Summers

abstract: 10 Summers is the debut studio album by American music producer DJ Mustard. It was released on August 11, 2014, by Pu$haz Ink, Roc Nation and Republic Records. The album, produced entirely by DJ Mustard himself, features guest appearances from several American rappers, such as Big Sean, Fabolous, YG, Rick Ross, Ty Dolla $ign, Lil Wayne, 2 Chainz, Young Jeezy, Nipsey Hussle, Wiz Khalifa, Lil Boosie, Yo Gotti, Iamsu!, TeeFlii, and Dom Kennedy, among others.

text:
# 10 Summers

***10 Summers*** is the debut studio album by American music producer DJ Mustard. It was released on August 11, 2014, by Pu$haz Ink, Roc Nation and Republic Records. The album, produced entirely by DJ Mustard himself, features guest appearances from several American rappers, such as Big Sean, Fabolous, YG, Rick Ross, Ty Dolla $ign, Lil Wayne, 2 Chainz, Young Jeezy, Nipsey Hussle, Wiz Khalifa, Lil Boosie, Yo Gotti, Iamsu!, TeeFlii, and Dom Kennedy, among others.

## Release and promotion

On July 22, 2014, DJ Mustard unveiled the album's track list. On August 11, 2014, *10 Summers* was released through Google Play for free during its first week.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 74/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| AbsolutePunk | 5.8/10 |
| *Complex* |  |
| *Exclaim!* | 7/10 |
| *Pitchfork* | 7.7/10 |
| *Rolling Stone* |  |
| Tiny Mix Tapes |  |
| *XXL* | (XL) |
| Wondering Sound |  |

*10 Summers* received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from critics, the album received an average score of 74, which indicates "generally favorable reviews", based on 7 reviews.

## Track listing

* All tracks produced by DJ Mustard except where noted. Credits adapted from Spotify.

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Low Low" (featuring Nipsey Hussle, Tee Cee and RJ) |  |  | 2:36 |
| 2. | "Ghetto Tales" (featuring Jay 305 and Tee Cee) | * McFarlane * Jay Cummins * Newman * Adam | * DJ Mustard * Mike Free | 3:08 |
| 3. | "Throw Your Hood Up" (featuring Dom Kennedy, Choice and RJ) |  | DJ Mustard | 4:38 |
| 4. | "No Reason" (featuring YG, Young Jeezy, Nipsey Hussle and RJ) |  | * DJ Mustard * Mike Free * Corporal | 3:31 |
| 5. | "Giuseppee" (featuring 2 Chainz, Young Jeezy and Yo Gotti) |  | * DJ Mustard * Mike Free | 3:50 |
| 6. | "Face Down" (featuring Lil Wayne, Big Sean, YG and Boosie Badazz) |  | * DJ Mustard * Shomari Wilson | 4:27 |
| 7. | "Down on Me" (featuring 2 Chainz and Ty Dolla $ign) |  | DJ Mustard | 4:04 |
| 8. | "Can’t Tell Me Shit" (featuring Iamsu! and AKAFrank) |  | * DJ Mustard * Mike Free | 3:11 |
| 9. | "Tinashe Checks In (Interlude)" | * McFarlane * Ely Weisfeld * Erica Hamilton * Jamil Pierre | * DJ Mustard * Deputy | 1:59 |
| 10. | "4 Digits" (featuring Fabolous and Eric Bellinger) |  |  | 3:11 |
| 11. | "Ty Dolla $ign Checks In (Interlude)" | * McFarlane | DJ Mustard | 1:08 |
| 12. | "Deep" (featuring Rick Ross, Wiz Khalifa and TeeFlii) |  | * DJ Mustard * Mike Free | 3:37 |
| 13. | "Vato" (featuring YG, Young Jeezy, and Que.) | * McFarlane * Que Rossini * Jenkins * K. Jackson | DJ Mustard | 4:12 |

**Notes**

* "Can’t Tell Me Shit" is known as "Can’t Tell Me" on streaming versions of the album.
* "Vato" is not included on streaming versions of the album.
* "Tinashe Checks In (Interlude)" features vocals by Tinashe.
* "Ty Dolla $ign Checks In (Interlude)" features vocals by Ty Dolla Sign.

**Sample credits**

## Charts

| Chart (2014) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 143 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (*Billboard*) | 20 |

## InfoBox

| 10 Summers | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by DJ Mustard | |
| Released | August 11, 2014 (2014-08-11) |
| Recorded | 2014 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 39:20 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| DJ Mustard chronology | |
| ***10 Summers***
(2014) *Cold Summer*
(2016) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *10 Summers* | |
| 1. "Down on Me"
Released: May 13, 2014 | |
|  | |


title: 1967 European Baseball Championship

abstract: The 1967 European Baseball Championship was held in Belgium and was won by Belgium. Great Britain finished as runner-up. The two major forces in European baseball, Netherlands and Italy, who competed in the last five finals before 1967 between them, didn't take part.

text:
# 1967 European Baseball Championship

The **1967 European Baseball Championship** was held in Belgium and was won by Belgium. Great Britain finished as runner-up.

The two major forces in European baseball, Netherlands and Italy, who competed in the last five finals before 1967 between them, didn't take part.

## Standings

| Pos. | Team |
| --- | --- |
| 1 | Belgium |
| 2 | Great Britain |
| 3 | Germany |
| 4 | Spain |
| 5 | Sweden |

1. (in Dutch) Geschiedenis EK Honkbal - EK Honkbal 2012 Archived August 14, 2014, at the Wayback Machine


title: Audience studies

abstract: Audience studies is a discipline and field of study, a sub-set of media studies, that investigates the processes of media audiences using different methodologies to test and develop theories of audiences' processes of reception. Much of the field borrows concepts from literary theory and research approaches from cultural studies. The primary media of study are film and television and the field intersects in many ways, including its methods used and its focus on everyday media audiences, with fan studies. Audience studies emerged as a field in the early 20th century as a form of market research, but slowly, with the rise of film studies, became popular in an academic context. Audience studies research is frequently published in journals such as the Journal of British Cinema and Television, Participations: Journal of Audience & Reception Studies, and Transformative Works and Cultures. Such research is frequently used by censorship institutions such as the BBFC to understand public opinion on censorship and ask questions about the effects of violent media. The study of the "effects" of violent media on audiences is a key debate within audience studies, with many audience studies experts criticizing theories of "copycat violence" and reviews of previous studies conducted for the BBFC finding no evidence to substantiate claims of the role of violent media in inspiring crime. The media violence debate, however, is only a small part of a wider academic sub-field which seeks to understand the relationships between media and its audiences through conducting empirical research.

text:
# Audience studies

**Audience studies** is a discipline and field of study, a sub-set of media studies, that investigates the processes of media audiences using different methodologies to test and develop theories of audiences' processes of reception. Much of the field borrows concepts from literary theory and research approaches from cultural studies. The primary media of study are film and television and the field intersects in many ways, including its methods used and its focus on everyday media audiences, with fan studies (as popularly established by Henry Jenkins). Audience studies emerged as a field in the early 20th century as a form of market research, but slowly, with the rise of film studies, became popular in an academic context.

Audience studies research is frequently published in journals such as the *Journal of British Cinema and Television*, *Participations: Journal of Audience & Reception Studies*, and *Transformative Works and Cultures*. Such research is frequently used by censorship institutions such as the BBFC to understand public opinion on censorship and ask questions about the effects of violent media. The study of the "effects" of violent media on audiences is a key debate within audience studies, with many audience studies experts criticizing theories of "copycat violence" and reviews of previous studies conducted for the BBFC finding no evidence to substantiate claims of the role of violent media in inspiring crime. The media violence debate, however, is only a small part of a wider academic sub-field which seeks to understand the relationships between media and its audiences through conducting empirical research.

## Research methods

Data collection methods used in audience studies research frequently involve surveys, interviews, and focus groups. Audience studies differs in this respect from reception studies, which focuses on critical writings about film texts and does not draw on data from audiences. Recent, large-scale audience studies, such as those on The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit film series, have employed international surveys and a mixture of qualitative and quantitative research methods.

Historical audience studies are also common, investigating how audiences engaged with films in the past, as in studies of "cinema memory" of cinema-going in the 1930s and of *The Exorcist* and *Alien*. Historical studies of audiences, particularly in the New Cinema History tradition, may also employ archival materials such as letters, trade records, and a variety of other sources, including archived surveys, oral histories, and magazine and newspaper stories.

## Further reading


abstract: The Australasian Legal Information Institute (AustLII) is an institution operated jointly by the Faculties of Law of the University of Technology Sydney and the University of New South Wales. Its public policy purpose is to improve access to justice through access to legal information.

text:
# Australasian Legal Information Institute

The **Australasian Legal Information Institute** (**AustLII**) is an institution operated jointly by the Faculties of Law of the University of Technology Sydney and the University of New South Wales. Its public policy purpose is to improve access to justice through access to legal information.

## Inception and aims

AustLII was established in 1995. Founded as a joint program of the University of Technology Sydney and the University of New South Wales law schools, its initial funding was provided by the Australian Research Council.

Its public policy purpose is to improve access to justice through access to legal information.

## Content

AustLII content is publicly available legal information. Its primary source information includes legislation, treaties and decisions of courts and tribunals. It also hosts secondary legal materials, including law reform and royal commission reports, as well as legal journals. The AustLII databases include the complete text of all of the decisions of the High Court, decisions of the Federal Court from 1977 onwards (the decisions between 1977 and 1996 were selected by the Federal Court), and decisions of the Family Court from 1988 onwards (as selected by the Family Court), as well as a number of other federal and state courts and tribunals.


title: Eubarnesia

abstract: Eubarnesia is a monotypic moth genus in the family Geometridae erected by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1917. Its only species, Eubarnesia ritaria, described by Grossbeck in 1910, is found in the American South West.

text:
# Eubarnesia

***Eubarnesia*** is a monotypic moth genus in the family Geometridae erected by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell in 1917. Its only species, ***Eubarnesia ritaria***, described by Grossbeck in 1910, is found in the American South West.

## InfoBox

| *Eubarnesia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | ***Eubarnesia***
Cockerell, 1917 |
| Species: | ***E. ritaria*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eubarnesia ritaria***
(Grossbeck, 1910) | |
|


title: Eucalyptus orophila

abstract: Eucalyptus orophila is a species of small tree or shrub that is endemic to East Timor. It has rough, scaly, flaky bark on the lower part of the trunk, smooth bark above, egg-shaped to lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and barrel-shaped to bell-shaped fruit.

text:
# Eucalyptus orophila

***Eucalyptus orophila*** is a species of small tree or shrub that is endemic to East Timor. It has rough, scaly, flaky bark on the lower part of the trunk, smooth bark above, egg-shaped to lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and barrel-shaped to bell-shaped fruit.

## Description

*Eucalyptus orophila* a tree that typically grows to a height of 14.5 m (48 ft), or a shrub to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) on higher, exposed sites. The bark is rough, scaly and flaky near the base, smooth and grey above. The adult leaves are paler on the lower surface, egg-shaped to lance-shaped, 80–100 mm (3.1–3.9 in) long, 30–40 mm (1.2–1.6 in) wide on a petiole 20–25 mm (0.79–0.98 in) long. The flowers are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven on a flattened, unbranched peduncle up to 20 mm (0.79 in) long, the individual buds on pedicels 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) long. The mature buds are 8–12 mm (0.31–0.47 in) long, 7–8 mm (0.28–0.31 in) wide with a hemispherical operculum that less than half the length of the floral cup. The flowers are white and the fruit is a woody, barrel-shaped to bell-shaped capsule, 7–10 mm (0.28–0.39 in) long and wide with the valves near rim level or below.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Eucalyptus orophila* was first formally described in 1995 by Lindsay Pryor from specimens collected near the summit of Mount Tata Mailau in East Timor and the description was published in *Australian Systematic Botany*. It is similar to *E. urophylla* but has leaves with a rounded rather than a pointed tip.

## Distribution

This eucalypt is one of only four species only occurring outside Australia. It is only known from East Timor.

## InfoBox

| *Eucalyptus orophila* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Eucalyptus* |
| Species: | ***E. orophila*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eucalyptus orophila***
L.D.Pryor | |
|