title: Demetrio e Polibio

abstract: Demetrio e Polibio is a two-act operatic dramma serio by Gioachino Rossini to a libretto by Vincenzina Viganò-Mombelli. The opera was orchestrated for flute, oboes, clarinets, basson, horns, trumpets, and strings. Demetrio e Polibio was Rossini's first attempt at a full-scale opera, "assembled piecemeal" during his student days at the Philharmonic Academy of Bologna in 1806. Because it was commissioned by tenor Domenico Mombelli and was performed privately by Mombelli and his two daughters, a performance which Rossini did not attend, it was not his first fully staged opera. The opera was not professionally staged until 18 May 1812, when it premiered at Rome's Teatro Valle.

text:
# Demetrio e Polibio

***Demetrio e Polibio*** (Italian pronunciation: \[deˈmɛːtrjo e ppoˈliːbjo\]; *Demetrius and Polybius*) is a two-act operatic *dramma serio* by Gioachino Rossini to a libretto by Vincenzina Viganò-Mombelli. The opera was orchestrated for flute, oboes, clarinets, basson, horns, trumpets, and strings.

*Demetrio e Polibio* was Rossini's first attempt at a full-scale opera, "assembled piecemeal" during his student days at the Philharmonic Academy of Bologna in 1806. Because it was commissioned by tenor Domenico Mombelli (whose wife wrote the libretto) and was performed privately by Mombelli and his two daughters, a performance which Rossini did not attend, it was not his first fully staged opera.

The opera was not professionally staged until 18 May 1812, when it premiered at Rome's Teatro Valle.

## Roles

| Role | Voice type | Premiere Cast, 18 May 1812
(Conductor: - ) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Polybius, *King of Parthia* | bass | Lodovico Olivieri |
| Lisinga, *his daughter* | soprano | Maria Ester Mombelli |
| Siveno, *Lisinga's lover* | contralto | Marianna "Anna" Mombelli |
| Demetrius, *King of Syria, Siveno's estranged father* | tenor | Domenico Mombelli |
|

## Synopsis

Time: 2nd Century, B.C. Place: Parthia

### Act 1

The good Polybius, King of Parthia, is the protector of both his own daughter Lisinga and her lover Siveno. Everyone believes Siveno to be the son of Minteus, a minister of King Demetrius of Syria, but he is actually the long estranged son of Demetrius. Demetrius, holding Minteus responsible for his son's disappearance, arrives at the court of Parthia in the guise of Eumeno, a royal messenger, and demands that Siveno be turned over to Syria. Polybius refuses. Siveno and Lisinga celebrate their marriage. Polybius confides to Siveno that he is worried about what has happened, but Siveno reassures him. Meanwhile, Eumene (Demetrius) plots to kidnap Siveno and bring him back to Syria. He bribes the servants and guards and at night manages to enter the Parthian court. However, when he arrives in the bed-chamber of the young couple, he finds Lisinga alone and kidnaps her instead. Polybius and Siveno try in vain to stop him.

### Act 2

Polybius and Siveno plead for Lisinga's release. In reply, Euemeno (Demetrius) threatens to kill her unless Siveno is turned over to him. In turn, Polybius threatens to kill Siveno unless Lisinga is released. The situation starts to resolve when Eumene (Demetrius), looks at an old medallion and realizes that Siveno is actually his lost son. Meanwhile, Polybius does not want to lose Lisinga, and Eumene (Demetrius) only wants Siveno. Desperate at their impending separation, Lisinga tries to kill Eumene, but he finally reveals his true identity as King Demetrius and announces that Siveno is his son. Peace is restored, and the couple live happily ever after.

## Recordings

| Year | Cast:
Polibio, Lisinga,
Siveno, Demetrio | Conductor,
Opera House and Orchestra | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1992 | Giorgio Surjan,
Christine Weidinger,
Sara Mingardo,
Dalmacio González | Massimiliano Carraro,
Graz Symphony Orchestra and Sluk Chamber Choir of Bratislava
(Recording of a performance at the Festival della Valle d'Itria, Martina Franca. 27 July) | Audio CD: Dynamic
Cat: CDS 171/1-2 |
| 2017 | Luca Dall'Amico,
Sofia Mchedlishvili,
Victoria Yarovaya,
César Arrieta | Luciano Acocella,
Virtuosi Brunensis,Camerata Bach Choir Poznan
Recorded live at the Rossini in Wildbad Festival | CD:Naxos Records
Cat:8660405-06 |

**Notes**

**Cited sources**

* Gossett, Philip; Brauner, Patricia (2001), "*Demetrio e Polibio*" in Holden, Amanda (ed.), *The New Penguin Opera Guide*, New York: Penguin Putnam. ISBN 0-14-029312-4
* Kennedy, Michael (2007), "Demetrio e Polibio", *The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music*. (By subscription:*Oxford Reference Online*). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 8 December 2013
* Osborne, Charles (1994), *The Bel Canto Operas of Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini*, Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press. ISBN 0-931340-71-3
* Osborne, Richard (1998), "*Demetrio e Polibio*", in Stanley Sadie (Ed.), *The New Grove Dictionary of Opera*, Vol. One. London: Macmillan Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-333-73432-7 ISBN 1-56159-228-5

**Other sources**

## InfoBox

| *Demetrio e Polibio* | |
| --- | --- |
| Opera by Gioachino Rossini | |
| Rossini c. 1815 | |
| Librettist | Vincenzina Viganò-Mombelli |
| Language | Italian |
| Premiere | 18 May 1812 (1812-05-18)
Teatro Valle, Rome |


title: Dennis Thomas Flynn

abstract: Dennis Thomas Flynn was an American politician and a Delegate from Oklahoma Territory to the United States House of Representatives.

text:
# Dennis Thomas Flynn

**Dennis Thomas Flynn** (February 13, 1861 – June 19, 1939) was an American politician and a Delegate from Oklahoma Territory to the United States House of Representatives.

## Biography

Flynn was born in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, on February 13, 1861, son of Dennis T. and Margaret (Clancy) Flynn. He moved with his mother to Buffalo, New York, in 1863. There, he became an orphan at the age of three when his mother died. He was raised in a Catholic orphanage where he remained until 1880. He attended common school and then Canisius College in Buffalo.

He married Addie M. Blanton in 1887. Mrs. Flynn was born, reared and educated in Kansas. She was married to Mr. Flynn in Kiowa, Kansas, while he was a practicing lawyer there. In 1889 Flynn was appointed by President Harrison Postmaster of the City of Gutherie, Oklahoma, and the family moved to that place. Mrs. Flynn is the mother of four children; her oldest son, Dennis, died when quite young; surviving a daughter, Dorothy, a son, Streeter Flynn, and another son.

## Career

After college, Flynn moved to Riverside, Iowa, where he established and edited the *Riverside Leader* and studied law. He was admitted to the Iowa bar association in 1882 and commenced practice in Kiowa, Kansas. There, he was the publisher of the *Kiowa Herald* and served as first postmaster of Kiowa from December 5, 1884, to July 17, 1885. He would then serve as the Kiowa city attorney from 1886 to 1889.

Flynn then moved to Oklahoma Territory where he served as the postmaster of Guthrie from April 4, 1889, to December 20, 1892. A Republican, he was an unsuccessful candidate for election as the Territorial Delegate to the United States House of Representatives in 1890. He ran again and was elected as the Territorial Delegate to the Fifty-third Congress and began his term on March 4, 1893 and was reelected in 1894. Flynn was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1896.

Flynn ran for office again in 1898 and was elected to the Fifty-sixth Congress. His term began on March 4, 1899 and he was reelected on 1900. Nominated but declining to be a candidate for reelection in 1902, he left office when his term ended on March 3, 1903. He resumed private practice in Oklahoma City in 1904. He was an unsuccessful Republican candidate for election to the United States Senate in 1908, losing to the Democratic candidate, Thomas P. Gore. He was considered for the position of Secretary of the Interior under President William Howard Taft. He served as a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1912, his last participation in politics.

## Death

Flynn died in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, on June 19, 1939 (age 78 years, 126 days). He is interred at Fairlawn Cemetery in Oklahoma City.

## InfoBox

| Dennis Thomas Flynn | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives from Territory of Oklahoma's At-large district | |
| **In office**
March 4, 1893  March 3, 1897 | |
| Preceded by | David A. Harvey |
| Succeeded by | James Y. Callahan |
| **In office**
March 4, 1899  March 3, 1903 | |
| Preceded by | James Y. Callahan |
| Succeeded by | Bird S. McGuire |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | February 13, 1861 (1861-02-13)
Phoenixville, Pennsylvania |
| Died | June 19, 1939 (1939-06-20) (aged 78)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma |
| Citizenship | United States |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Addie M. Blanton Flynn |
| Children | 4, including Olney F. Flynn |
| Alma mater | Canisius College |
| Profession | * publisher/editor * postmaster * Attorney * politician |
|  | |


title: Dentimargo altispira

abstract: Dentimargo altispira is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Borsoniidae.

text:
# Dentimargo altispira

***Dentimargo altispira*** is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Borsoniidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 5 mm, its diameter 3 mm.

(Original description) The broadly fusiform shell has a tall, blunt-topped spire. It contains four, moderately rounded whorls. The spire and the aperture are of about equal length. The aperture is small. The columella is concave, bearing four strong teeth, which extend about two-thirds up the columella, and extend well out on to the base of the shell. The outer lip is very massively thickened, much rounded, with a strong tubercle within, placed near the upper third.

## Distribution

This extinct marine species is endemic to Tasmania and were found in Tertiary strata.

## InfoBox

| *Dentimargo altispira* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Dentimargo altispira* (holotype) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Marginellidae |
| Subfamily: | Marginellinae |
| Genus: | *Dentimargo* |
| Species: | ***D. altispira*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dentimargo altispira***<br>(May, 1922) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Marginella altispira* May, 1922 † · | |


title: Deniable encryption

abstract: In cryptography and steganography, plausibly deniable encryption describes encryption techniques where the existence of an encrypted file or message is deniable in the sense that an adversary cannot prove that the plaintext data exists. The users may convincingly deny that a given piece of data is encrypted, or that they are able to decrypt a given piece of encrypted data, or that some specific encrypted data exists. Such denials may or may not be genuine. For example, it may be impossible to prove that the data is encrypted without the cooperation of the users. If the data is encrypted, the users genuinely may not be able to decrypt it. Deniable encryption serves to undermine an attacker's confidence either that data is encrypted, or that the person in possession of it can decrypt it and provide the associated plaintext. In their pivotal 1996 paper, Ran Canetti, Cynthia Dwork, Moni Naor, and Rafail Ostrovsky introduced the concept of deniable encryption, a cryptographic breakthrough that ensures privacy even under coercion. This concept allows encrypted communication participants to plausibly deny the true content of their messages. Their work lays the foundational principles of deniable encryption, illustrating its critical role in protecting privacy against forced disclosures. This research has become a cornerstone for future advancements in cryptography, emphasizing the importance of deniable encryption in maintaining communication security. The notion of was used by Julian Assange and Ralf Weinmann in the Rubberhose filesystem.

text:
# Deniable encryption

In cryptography and steganography, plausibly **deniable encryption** describes encryption techniques where the existence of an encrypted file or message is deniable in the sense that an adversary cannot prove that the plaintext data exists.

The users may convincingly deny that a given piece of data is encrypted, or that they are able to decrypt a given piece of encrypted data, or that some specific encrypted data exists. Such denials may or may not be genuine. For example, it may be impossible to prove that the data is encrypted without the cooperation of the users. If the data is encrypted, the users genuinely may not be able to decrypt it. Deniable encryption serves to undermine an attacker's confidence either that data is encrypted, or that the person in possession of it can decrypt it and provide the associated plaintext.

In their pivotal 1996 paper, Ran Canetti, Cynthia Dwork, Moni Naor, and Rafail Ostrovsky introduced the concept of deniable encryption, a cryptographic breakthrough that ensures privacy even under coercion. This concept allows encrypted communication participants to plausibly deny the true content of their messages. Their work lays the foundational principles of deniable encryption, illustrating its critical role in protecting privacy against forced disclosures. This research has become a cornerstone for future advancements in cryptography, emphasizing the importance of deniable encryption in maintaining communication security. The notion of was used by Julian Assange and Ralf Weinmann in the Rubberhose filesystem.

## Function

Deniable encryption makes it impossible to prove the origin or existence of the plaintext message without the proper decryption key. This may be done by allowing an encrypted message to be decrypted to different sensible plaintexts, depending on the key used. This allows the sender to have plausible deniability if compelled to give up their encryption key.

### Scenario

In some jurisdictions, statutes assume that human operators have access to such things as encryption keys. An example is the United Kingdom's Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act, which makes it a crime not to surrender encryption keys on demand from a government official authorized by the act. According to the Home Office, the burden of proof that an accused person is in possession of a key rests on the prosecution; moreover, the act contains a defense for operators who have lost or forgotten a key, and they are not liable if they are judged to have done what they can to recover a key.

In cryptography, rubber-hose cryptanalysis is a euphemism for the extraction of cryptographic secrets (e.g. the password to an encrypted file) from a person by coercion or torture—such as beating that person with a rubber hose, hence the name—in contrast to a mathematical or technical cryptanalytic attack.

An early use of the term was on the sci.crypt newsgroup, in a message posted 16 October 1990 by Marcus J. Ranum, alluding to corporal punishment:

> ...the rubber-hose technique of cryptanalysis. (in which a rubber hose is applied forcefully and frequently to the soles of the feet until the key to the cryptosystem is discovered, a process that can take a surprisingly short time and is quite computationally inexpensive).

Deniable encryption allows the sender of an encrypted message to deny sending that message. This requires a trusted third party. A possible scenario works like this:

1. Bob suspects his wife Alice is engaged in adultery. That being the case, Alice wants to communicate with her secret lover Carl. She creates two keys, one intended to be kept secret, the other intended to be sacrificed. She passes the secret key (or both) to Carl.
2. Alice constructs an innocuous message M1 for Carl (intended to be revealed to Bob in case of discovery) and an incriminating love letter M2 to Carl. She constructs a cipher-text C out of both messages, M1 and M2, and emails it to Carl.
3. Carl uses his key to decrypt M2 (and possibly M1, in order to read the fake message, too).
4. Bob finds out about the email to Carl, becomes suspicious and forces Alice to decrypt the message.
5. Alice uses the sacrificial key and reveals the innocuous message M1 to Bob. Since it is impossible for Bob to know for sure that there might be other messages contained in C, he might assume that there *are* no other messages.

Another scenario involves Alice sending the same ciphertext (some secret instructions) to Bob and Carl, to whom she has handed different keys. Bob and Carl are to receive different instructions and must not be able to read each other's instructions. Bob will receive the message first and then forward it to Carl.

1. Alice constructs the ciphertext out of both messages, M1 and M2, and emails it to Bob.
2. Bob uses his key to decrypt M1 and isn't able to read M2.
3. Bob forwards the ciphertext to Carl.
4. Carl uses his key to decrypt M2 and isn't able to read M1.

## Forms of deniable encryption

Normally, ciphertexts decrypt to a single plaintext that is intended to be kept secret. However, one form of deniable encryption allows its users to decrypt the ciphertext to produce a different (innocuous but plausible) plaintext and plausibly claim that it is what they encrypted. The holder of the ciphertext will not be able to differentiate between the true plaintext, and the bogus-claim plaintext. In general, one ciphertext cannot be decrypted to all possible plaintexts unless the key is as large as the plaintext, so it is not practical in most cases for a ciphertext to reveal no information whatsoever about its plaintext. However, some schemes allow decryption to decoy plaintexts that are close to the original in some metric (such as edit distance).

Modern deniable encryption techniques exploit the fact that without the key, it is infeasible to distinguish between ciphertext from block ciphers and data generated by a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (the cipher's pseudorandom permutation properties).

This is used in combination with some decoy data that the user would plausibly want to keep confidential that will be revealed to the attacker, claiming that this is all there is. This is a form of steganography.

If the user does not supply the correct key for the truly secret data, decrypting it will result in apparently random data, indistinguishable from not having stored any particular data there.

### Examples

#### Layers

One example of deniable encryption is a cryptographic filesystem that employs a concept of abstract "layers", where each layer can be decrypted with a different encryption key. Additionally, special "chaff layers" are filled with random data in order to have plausible deniability of the existence of real layers and their encryption keys. The user can store decoy files on one or more layers while denying the existence of others, claiming that the rest of space is taken up by chaff layers. Physically, these types of filesystems are typically stored in a single directory consisting of equal-length files with filenames that are either randomized (in case they belong to chaff layers), or cryptographic hashes of strings identifying the blocks. The timestamps of these files are always randomized. Examples of this approach include Rubberhose filesystem.

Rubberhose (also known by its development codename Marutukku) is a deniable encryption program which encrypts data on a storage device and hides the encrypted data. The existence of the encrypted data can only be verified using the appropriate cryptographic key. It was created by Julian Assange as a tool for human rights workers who needed to protect sensitive data in the field and was initially released in 1997.

The name Rubberhose is a joking reference to the cypherpunks term rubber-hose cryptanalysis, in which encryption keys are obtained by means of violence.

It was written for Linux kernel 2.2, NetBSD and FreeBSD in 1997–2000 by Julian Assange, Suelette Dreyfus, and Ralf Weinmann. The latest version available, still in alpha stage, is v0.8.3.

#### Container volumes

Another approach used by some conventional disk encryption software suites is creating a second encrypted volume within a container volume. The container volume is first formatted by filling it with encrypted random data, and then initializing a filesystem on it. The user then fills some of the filesystem with legitimate, but plausible-looking decoy files that the user would seem to have an incentive to hide. Next, a new encrypted volume (the hidden volume) is allocated within the free space of the container filesystem which will be used for data the user actually wants to hide. Since an adversary cannot differentiate between encrypted data and the random data used to initialize the outer volume, this inner volume is now undetectable. LibreCrypt and BestCrypt can have many hidden volumes in a container; TrueCrypt is limited to one hidden volume.

#### Other software

* OpenPuff, freeware semi-open-source steganography for MS Windows.
* LibreCrypt, open-source transparent disk encryption for MS Windows and PocketPC PDAs that provides both deniable encryption and plausible deniability. Offers an extensive range of encryption options, and doesn't need to be installed before use as long as the user has administrator rights.
* Off-the-Record Messaging, a cryptographic technique providing true deniability for instant messaging.
* StegFS, the current successor to the ideas embodied by the Rubberhose and PhoneBookFS filesystems.
* VeraCrypt (a successor to a discontinued TrueCrypt), an on-the-fly disk encryption software for Windows, Mac and Linux providing limited deniable encryption and to some extent (due to limitations on the number of hidden volumes which can be created) plausible deniability, without needing to be installed before use as long as the user has full administrator rights.
* Vanish, a research prototype implementation of self-destructing data storage.

### Detection

The existence of hidden encrypted data may be revealed by flaws in the implementation. It may also be revealed by a so-called watermarking attack if an inappropriate cipher mode is used. The existence of the data may be revealed by it 'leaking' into non-encrypted disk space where it can be detected by forensic tools.

Doubts have been raised about the level of plausible deniability in 'hidden volumes'  the contents of the "outer" container filesystem have to be 'frozen' in its initial state to prevent the user from corrupting the hidden volume (this can be detected from the access and modification timestamps), which could raise suspicion. This problem can be eliminated by instructing the system not to protect the hidden volume, although this could result in lost data.

### Drawbacks

Possession of deniable encryption tools could lead attackers to continue torturing a user even after the user has revealed all their keys, because the attackers could not know whether the user had revealed their last key or not. However, knowledge of this fact can disincentivize users from revealing any keys to begin with, since they will never be able to prove to the attacker that they have revealed their last key.

## Deniable authentication

Some in-transit encrypted messaging suites, such as Off-the-Record Messaging, offer deniable authentication which gives the participants plausible deniability of their conversations. While deniable authentication is not technically "deniable encryption" in that the encryption of the messages is not denied, its deniability refers to the inability of an adversary to prove that the participants had a conversation or said anything in particular.

This is achieved by the fact that all information necessary to forge messages is appended to the encrypted messages  if an adversary is able to create digitally authentic messages in a conversation (see hash-based message authentication code (HMAC)), they are also able to forge messages in the conversation. This is used in conjunction with perfect forward secrecy to assure that the compromise of encryption keys of individual messages does not compromise additional conversations or messages.

* Chaffing and winnowing – Cryptographic technique
* Deniable authentication – message authentication between a set of participants where the participants themselves can be confident in the authenticity of the messages, but it cannot be proved to a third party after the event
* dm-crypt – Disk encryption software
* Key disclosure law – Legislation that requires individuals to surrender cryptographic keys to law enforcement
* Plausible deniability – Ability to deny responsibility
* Steganography – Hiding messages in other messages
* Unicity distance – Length of ciphertext needed to unambiguously break a cipher

## Further reading


title: Abdul Dayyan Jaffar

abstract: Abdul Dayyan bin Mohamed Jaffar is a Singaporean archer who participated at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in his home city. He was eliminated in the quarterfinals of the individual event by Gregor Rajh. He paired up with Begünhan Ünsal of Turkey and won bronze in the mixed team event.

text:
# Abdul Dayyan Jaffar

**Abdul Dayyan bin Mohamed Jaffar** (born 13 September 1993) is a Singaporean archer who participated at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in his home city. He was eliminated in the quarterfinals of the individual event by Gregor Rajh. He paired up with Begünhan Ünsal of Turkey and won bronze in the mixed team event.

## InfoBox

Abdul Dayyan Jaffar
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Men's archery | | |
| Representing a  mixed-NOCs team | | |
| Youth Olympic Games | | |
|  | 2010 Singapore | Mixed team |


title: Denée, Maine-et-Loire

abstract: Denée is a commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France.

text:
# Denée, Maine-et-Loire

**Denée** (French pronunciation: \[dəne\] ) is a commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France.

## InfoBox

| Denée | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The Port Qui Tremble Bridge between Saint-Jean-de-la-Croix and Denée | |
|  | |
| Location of Denée | |
| DenéeDenée | |
| Coordinates: 47°22′49″N 0°36′24″W / 47.3803°N 0.6067°W / 47.3803; -0.6067 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Pays de la Loire |
| Department | Maine-et-Loire |
| Arrondissement | Angers |
| Canton | Chalonnes-sur-Loire |
| Intercommunality | Loire Layon Aubance |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Priscille Guillet |
| Area**1** | 15.6 km2 (6.0 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 1,427 |
| Density | 91/km2 (240/sq mi) |
| Demonym(s) | Denéen, Denéenne |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 49120 /49190 |
| Elevation | 12–90 m (39–295 ft)
(avg. 30 m or 98 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Denis Abukuse

abstract: Denis Abukuse is a Kenyan rugby sevens player. He represented Kenya at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris. He was originally named as a traveling reserve but featured in the ninth place playoff against Samoa.

text:
# Denis Abukuse

**Denis Abukuse** (born 4 February 1999) is a Kenyan rugby sevens player. He represented Kenya at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris. He was originally named as a traveling reserve but featured in the ninth place playoff against Samoa.

## InfoBox

Denis Abukuse
| Date of birth | (1999-02-04) 4 February 1999 |
| --- | --- |
| Height | 189 cm (6 ft 2 in) |
| Weight | 92 kg (203 lb; 14 st 7 lb) |
| Rugby union career | |
| National sevens team  **Years** **Team** **Comps**  2022–Present  Kenya | |


title: Denzil Ibbetson

abstract: Sir Denzil Charles Jelf Ibbetson KCSI was an administrator in British India and an author. He served as Chief-Commissioner of the Central Provinces and Berar from 1898 to 1899 and Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab in 1907.

text:
# Denzil Ibbetson

**Sir Denzil Charles Jelf Ibbetson** KCSI (30 August 1847 – 21 February 1908) was an administrator in British India and an author. He served as Chief-Commissioner of the Central Provinces and Berar from 1898 to 1899 and Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab in 1907.

## Early life

Denzil Ibbetson was born in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire on 30 August 1847, the eldest son of Denzil John Holt Ibbetson (1823 – 10 August 1871), who was at that time working as a civil engineer on the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway. The family moved to Adelaide, Australia after his father took holy orders and became a vicar there, notably of St John's Church, Adelaide in 1861–1871.

Ibbetson was educated at St Peter's College, Adelaide and St John's College, Cambridge. Ibbetson obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics in 1869, being ranked as a senior optime. He had come third in the competitive examination for the Indian Civil Service in the previous year.

## Career in India

Ibbetson arrived in the Punjab Province of India on 8 December 1870, having married Louisa Clarissa Coulden earlier in that year. Once there, according to the *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography*, "He formed part of a new élite of ‘competition-wallahs’ which intellectually outshone the earlier generation of Punjabi military political officials and well-connected alumni of Haileybury College."

He held various administrative offices. From 1898 to around 1900 he was Chief-Commissioner of the Central Provinces and Berar, at which time he had to return temporarily to England due to poor health. In September 1901 he was appointed a Member of the Council of the Governor-General of India. He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India (KCSI) in the 1903 Durbar Honours.

He served temporarily as Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab in 1905 and took over the position permanently in March 1907 when Sir Charles Montgomery Rivaz retired.

Dogged by further ill health that had necessitated another period in England, Ibbetson retired on 21 January 1908 and left India. He died on 21 February at his home at 60 Montague Mansions, York Street, London. He was cremated at Golders Green and survived by his wife.

## Contribution to India census and view on castes

The censuses of India carried out in 1865, 1872 and 1881 had attempted to classify people according to the Brahmanic ritual ranking system of varna but this proved not to reflect the realities of social relationships, however much it might have met with approval from scholars of Sanskrit and ancient texts. Furthermore, the Brahmanic system had no practical purpose from an administrative point of view. The latter was of considerable significance as there was a desire to use ethnography and other means in order to develop further the British influence in India. Ibbetson, who was Deputy Superintendent for the 1881 census operation in Punjab, had written in his 1883 Report on the exercise that

> Our ignorance of the customs and beliefs of the people among whom we dwell is surely in some respects a reproach to us; for not only does that ignorance deprive European science of material which it greatly needs, but it also involves a distinct loss of administrative power to ourselves".

The 1872 census was, in the opinion of Crispin Bates,

> by far the least structured census ever conducted in the subcontinent and a printer's nightmare, since rather than fit the population into pre-determined categories census takers asked relatively open-ended questions about religious beliefs and occupations. The result was a proliferation of columns concerning occupations in particular. Individuals appeared as 'con-man', 'pimp', 'prostitute', 'idiot' and 'thief, or however else they might appear or describe themselves. Worse still, castes and tribes were listed as to whether they were 'animist', Christian, Hindu or Mohammedan, with little structure or system beyond the self-representation of the respondents.

Ibbetson had seen the imperfections of the 1872 census. These informed the decision by the administration in Punjab Province to adopt categorisation by occupation in 1881, regardless of the approach adopted elsewhere. Together with John Collinson Nesfield's *Brief view of the caste system of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh*, published in 1885, Ibbetson's 1883 Report was influential in bringing about a change in categorisation method throughout the country. Ibbetson argued against the contemporary understanding of caste and the 1891 census adopted classification by occupation rather than the Brahmanic system. He argued that the conventional belief in caste as a purely Hindu construct was erroneous, that people who had converted from Hinduism to Islam remained affected by the system, and that therefore it should be viewed more as a social than a religious mechanism. Furthermore, he believed that the varna categories of Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra were not reflected in reality, and that indeed it was likely that Kshatriya no longer existed and Vaishya certainly did not. He pointed out that there were Brahmins who were viewed as being outcastes even by the lowest ritual rank, the Shudra, and that the latter term was primarily used as a form of abuse rather than in any categorical sense. Finally, he argued that the contemporary belief that caste and the ritual ranks associated with it were inherited had no basis in fact, that different generations could have different identities and that the ancient basis of castes probably lay in shared origins of a tribal nature and were akin to guilds.

Despite their influence on the processes adopted for the 1891 census, the ideas of Ibbetson and Nesfield subsequently lost favour in the administration of the British Raj. Bates says that

> not only did \[classification by occupation\] allow for the possibility of unhealthily egalitarian conclusions about the ethnic mixing of the Indian population, and the possibilities for change in economic and social status, but it also directly conflicted with the racist ideas about Indian social structure that had by then been largely confirmed in the minds of administrators by more than a generation of anecdotal writing. The response was to seek for a new method that would confirm 'scientifically' what were now ingrained prejudices.

The anecdotal evidence of a racial basis for caste, which could be traced back to the late-18th century speculations of William Jones, was being buttressed by the relatively new field of study known as anthropometry and this gave rise to a form of scientific racism epitomised by the work of people such as Herbert Hope Risley, who became Census Commissioner for India in 1901. Bates remarks that Ibbetson's "classification of castes, however logical and useful it might have proven, lacked a 'scientific' basis, as well as completely neglecting the problem of status." In the longer term, however, Ibbetson's theories have attracted support from John Henry Hutton and Edmund Leach and have been "cherished by successive generations of non-Marxist, non-Dumontian historians and anthropologists working in the classical British tradition of structural-functionalism, first established by Radcliffe Brown."

His written works include *A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province. Based on the census report for the Punjab, 1883* with Horace Arthur Rose and Sir Edward Maclagan, and *Panjab castes, being a reprint of the chapter on "The races, castes, and tribes of the people" in the report on the census of the Panjab*. The latter was a posthumous reprint of a section of his 1883 report on the 1881 census of the Punjab.

**Citations**

**Bibliography**

## Further reading

* Raheja, Gloria Goodwin (August 1996). "Caste, Colonialism, and the Speech of the Colonized: Entextualization and Disciplinary Control in India". *American Ethnologist*. **23** (3): 494–513. doi:10.1525/ae.1996.23.3.02a00030. JSTOR 646349. (subscription required)

## InfoBox

| Sir Denzil Ibbetson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 30 August 1847
Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, UK |
| Died | 21 February 1908 (aged 60)
London, UK |
| Spouse | Louisa Clarissa Coulden (m. 1870) |


abstract: The Department of Industry and Commerce was an Australian government department that existed between December 1975 and May 1982.

text:
# Department of Industry and Commerce (1975–1982)

The **Department of Industry and Commerce** was an Australian government department that existed between December 1975 and May 1982.

## Scope

Information about the department's functions and government funding allocation could be found in the Administrative Arrangements Orders, the annual Portfolio Budget Statements and in the Department's annual reports.

At its creation, the Department dealt with:

* The efficiency and development of manufacturing and tertiary industries and research relating thereto
* Adjustment assistance to industry
* Assistance to small business
* Manufacture of goods and provision of services
* Shipbuilding

## Structure

The Department was an Australian Public Service department, staffed by officials who were responsible to the Minister for Industry and Commerce.

## InfoBox

Department of Industry and Commerce
| Department overview | |
| --- | --- |
| Formed | 22 December 1975 |
| Preceding Department |  |
| Dissolved | 7 May 1982 |
| Superseding Department |  |
| Jurisdiction | Commonwealth of Australia |
| Headquarters | Barton, Canberra |
| Ministers responsible |  |
| Department executive |  |


title: Abdulrazzaq Aswad

abstract: Brigadier-General Abdulrazzaq Muhammad Aswad was an Iraqi military leader and governor.

text:
# Abdulrazzaq Aswad

Brigadier-General **Abdulrazzaq Muhammad Aswad** (December 20, 1918 – January 30, 2002) was an Iraqi military leader and governor.

## Military life

Abdulrazzaq Aswad joined the Military School in 1938 and eventually graduated as a Second lieutenant. He rose through military rankings until he reached "Brigadier-General".

He was given retirement in 1960. After the Revolution of February 1963, Aswad was re-inaugurated as Brigadier-General in Baghdad. Later that year, he was appointed as the Governor of Hilla (South of Baghdad), and held the position until 1966 when he submitted his resignation to Abdulrahman Arif, the President of Iraq. Abdulrahman Arif was assigned the Presidency after the death of his brother, Abdulsalam Arif.

## Life as an author

In the late 1970s and 1980s, he wrote 3 encyclopedias:

* Palestinian Encyclopedia, 5 Volumes. Published by Arab Encyclopedia House, Beirut - Baghdad
* The Political Encyclopedia of Iraq, 5 Volumes. Published by Arab Encyclopedia House, Beirut - Baghdad
* The Encyclopedia of Iraq-Iran War, 10 Volumes. Published by Arab Encyclopedia House, Beirut - Baghdad

In the same period, he also wrote the following:

* An Intro to the study of Religions and Ideologies, 3 Volumes. Published by Arab Encyclopedia House, Beirut - Baghdad
* The Life of the Al Mustafa, published by Arab Encyclopedia House, Beirut, Baghdad

## InfoBox

| Abdulrazzaq Aswad | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | December 20, 1918
Alfadhil, Baghdad |
| Died | January 30, 2002(2002-01-30) (aged 83)
Zayona, Baghdad |
| Known for | Iraqi military leader and governor |


title: Abraham L. Newman

abstract: Abraham L. Newman is an American political scientist and professor in the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service and Government Department at Georgetown University. His research focuses on the ways in which economic interdependence and globalization have transformed international politics. His work has appeared in publications such as the Financial Times, Foreign Affairs, and The New York Times.

text:
# Abraham L. Newman

**Abraham L. Newman** (born 1973) is an American political scientist and professor in the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service and Government Department at Georgetown University. His research focuses on the ways in which economic interdependence and globalization have transformed international politics. His work has appeared in publications such as the *Financial Times*, *Foreign Affairs*, and *The New York Times*.

## Education and career

Newman was raised in Columbus, Ohio. He graduated from Stanford University with a BA in International Relations and an MA in International Political Economy in 1996. In 2005, he received his PhD in Political Science from the University of California, Berkeley. He has spent many years in Germany and is fluent in German. Within the field of international political economy, Newman’s research has included topics such as digital technology and data privacy as well as global finance. Most recently, Newman and Henry Farrell coined the term “weaponized interdependence” to describe the ways in which states are increasingly using economic networks as tools of coercion to achieve strategic goals.

## Books

* Henry Farrell and Abraham Newman, *Underground Empire: How America Weaponized the World Economy*, Henry Holt, 2023, 288 pp.
* *Of Privacy and Power: The Transatlantic Struggle over Freedom and Security* by Henry Farrell and Abraham Newman, Princeton University Press, 2019
    + Roy C. Palmer Civil Liberties Prize; Best Book Award, the International Studies Association International Communication Section; Foreign Affairs Best Books of 2019
* *Voluntary Disruptions: International Soft Law, Finance, and Power* by Abraham Newman and Elliot Posner, Oxford University Press, 2018
    + Honorable Mention, APSA International Collaboration Section Best Book Award; Honorable Mention, ISA International Law Section Best Book Award
* *Protectors of Privacy: Regulating Personal Data in the Global Economy* by Abraham Newman, Cornell University Press, 2008
* *How Revolutionary was the Digital Revolution: National responses, market transitions, and global technology* by John Zysman and Abraham Newman, Stanford University Press, 2006

## Selected articles

* Farrell, Henry and Abraham Newman. 2020. “Will the Coronavirus End Globalization as we know it?*Foreign Affairs*. March 16, 2020.
* Farrell, Henry and Abraham Newman. 2019. “Weaponized Interdependence,” *International Security*. 44(1): 42-79.
* Kalyanpur, Nikhil and Abraham Newman. 2019. “Mobilizing Market Power: Jurisdictional Expansion and Stock Market Delisting,” *International Organization*. 73(1): 1-34.
* Farrell, Henry and Abraham Newman. 2017. “BREXIT, Voice and Loyalty: Rethinking electoral politics in an age of interdependence,” *Review of International Political Economy*. 24(2): 232-47.
* Efrat, Asif and Abraham Newman. 2016. “Deciding to Defer: The Importance of Fairness in Resolving Transnational Jurisdictional Conflicts,” *International Organization*. 70(2): 409-41.
* Farrell, Henry and Abraham Newman. 2016. “The New Interdependence Approach: Theoretical Developments and Empirical Demonstrations,” *Review of International Political Economy*. 23(5): 713-36.
* Newman, Abraham and Elliot Posner. 2016. “Transnational Feedbacks, Soft Law, and Preferences in Global Financial Regulation,” *Review of International Political Economy*. 23(1): 123-52.
* Farrell, Henry and Abraham Newman. 2014. “Domestic Institutions Beyond the Nation State: Charting the new interdependence approach,” *World Politics*. 66(2): 331-63.
* Kaczmarek, Sarah and Abraham Newman. 2011. “The Long Arm of the Law: Extraterritoriality and the National Implementation of Foreign Bribery Legislation,” *International Organization.* 65(4): 745-70.
* Farrell, Henry and Abraham Newman. 2010. “Making Global Markets: Historical institutionalism in international political economy,” *Review of International Political Economy.* 17(4): 609-38.
* Bach, David and Abraham Newman. 2010. “Transgovernmental Networks and Domestic Policy Convergence: Evidence from insider trading regulation,” *International Organization.* 64(3): 505-528.
* Newman, Abraham. 2008. “Building Transnational Civil Liberties: Transgovernmental entrepreneurs and the European data privacy directive,” *International Organization.* 62(1): 103-130.
* Eberlein, Burkard and Abraham Newman. 2008. “Escaping the International Governance Dilemma? Incorporated transgovernmental networks in the European Union,” *Governance.* 21(1): 25-53.
* Bach, David and Abraham Newman. 2007. “The European Regulatory State and Global Public Policy: Micro-institutions, macro-influence,” *Journal of European Public Policy.* 16(6): 827-846.


title: Abalobadiah Creek

abstract: Abalobadiah Creek is a stream with its mouth on the coast about a mile above the mouth of Ten Mile River on the Pacific Ocean coast of Mendocino County, California. Its source is at 39°35′21″N 123°44′26″W at an elevation of 800 feet (240 m) in the coastal mountains.

text:
# Abalobadiah Creek

**Abalobadiah Creek** is a stream with its mouth on the coast about a mile above the mouth of Ten Mile River on the Pacific Ocean coast of Mendocino County, California. Its source is at 39°35′21″N 123°44′26″W / 39.58917°N 123.74056°W / 39.58917; -123.74056 at an elevation of 800 feet (240 m) in the coastal mountains.

## Variant names

According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known historically as:

* Lobadiah Gulch

## InfoBox

| Abalobadiah Creek
Tributary to Pacific Ocean | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Abalobadiah Creek mouthAbalobadiah Creek (the United States) | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | California |
| County | Mendocino |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Ventura Gulch divide |
| location | about 4 miles east of Kibesillah, California |
| coordinates | 39°35′21″N 123°44′26″W / 39.58917°N 123.74056°W / 39.58917; -123.74056 |
| elevation | 800 ft (240 m) |
|  | |
| Mouth | Pacific Ocean |
| location | about 3 miles southeast of Newport, California |
| coordinates | 39°33′56″N 123°44′26″W / 39.56556°N 123.74056°W / 39.56556; -123.74056 |
| elevation | 0 ft (0 m) |
| Length | 2.92 mi (4.70 km) |
| Basin size | 3.13 square miles (8.1 km2) |
|  | |
| Discharge |  |
| location | Pacific Ocean |
| average | 3.69 cu ft/s (0.104 m3/s) at mouth with Pacific Ocean |
|  | |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Pacific Ocean |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | unnamed tributaties |
| right | unnamed tributaries |
| Bridges | CA 1 |


abstract: The Department of International Development (DID), formerly known as King's International Development Institution, is an inter-disciplinary development department located within the Faculty of Social Science and Public Policy in the School of Global Affairs at King's College London. DID was launched in 2013 with a focus on the phenomena faced by middle-income developing countries. DID is a young, innovative, and contemporary development studies department that is the first research centre in the UK that mixes development studies and emerging markets. Its research revolves around development theory, political economy, economics, business, management, geography, and social policy. DID has students from 50 countries worldwide, who make half of all the student body. The department is a member of European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes and is a premium member of Development Studies Association (DSA). It has strong links with the Department for International Development, British Academy, Oxfam and UNDP, while its staff holds associate positions at Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Center for Global Development and the Institute of Development Studies. The Department of International Development at King's College London, despite being the most recently established department of international development among UK universities, has achieved impressive recognition. With a decade of existence, it is ranked among the top 10 global development learning programmes in the UK and among the top 30 universities worldwide for development studies according to the QS University Ranking in 2024.

text:
# Department of International Development, King's College London

The **Department of International Development** (**DID**), formerly known as **King's International Development Institution**, is an inter-disciplinary development department located within the Faculty of Social Science and Public Policy in the School of Global Affairs at King's College London. DID was launched in 2013 with a focus on the phenomena faced by middle-income developing countries. DID is a young, innovative, and contemporary development studies department that is the first research centre in the UK that mixes development studies and emerging markets. Its research revolves around development theory, political economy, economics, business, management, geography, and social policy.

DID has students from 50 countries worldwide, who make half of all the student body. The department is a member of European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes and is a premium member of Development Studies Association (DSA). It has strong links with the Department for International Development, British Academy, Oxfam and UNDP, while its staff holds associate positions at Harvard University, UC Berkeley, Center for Global Development and the Institute of Development Studies. The Department of International Development at King's College London, despite being the most recently established department of international development among UK universities, has achieved impressive recognition. With a decade of existence, it is ranked among the top 10 global development learning programmes in the UK and among the top 30 universities worldwide for development studies according to the QS University Ranking in 2024.

## Structure

DID is a department focusing on middle income developing countries or ‘emerging economies’ with close connections to King's College London's Global Institutes who are also housed in the School of Global Affairs, offering programmes at undergraduate and graduate level.

### Notable academic staff

## Research

DID is distinctive for its interest in rising middle income developing countries (like the BRICs) as well as in social, political, and economic phenomena in conjunction with policy related questions of those fast-growing developing countries. The department’s mission is “to explore the sources of success in emerging economies as well as understand the major development challenges they continue to face”.

**Core research areas**

* History and theories of development (especially development economics, politics, and sociology)
* Poverty, inequality, social justice and distribution
* Gender and development
* The environment, resource extraction and climate change
* The role of manufacturing, industrialisation and deindustrialisation, technological change and the structure of employment
* Global networks, value chains, entrepreneurship and transnational firms
* Government, governance and public policy
* Regional and country-level development: South, Southeast, and Northeast Asia, Latin America, Africa, the Middle East; as well as China, India, Indonesia, Brazil, and more.

DID publishes a working paper series and has links to various external organisations including institutions like the UK Foreign Office and the UK Department for International Development, the British Academy, the European Association of Development Institutes, the UK Development Studies Association, the US Council on Foreign Relations, UNDP, the United Nations University, the WHO, the World Bank, and various international non-governmental and research organisations.

### Publications

* *The Handbook of Latin American Politics* : Co-edited with Deborah Yashar. London: Routledge Press, 2012
* *Democratic Brazil Revisited*. Co-edited with Timothy J. Power. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2008.
* *Human Rights and the Millennium Development Goals* : Edited by Malcolm Langford (Oslo), with Alicia Ely Yamin (Harvard), 2013
* *The Future of Foreign Aid: Development Cooperation and the New Geography of Global Poverty:* with Richard Mallett. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012
* *Intersecting Inequalities. Women and Social Policy in Peru 1990-2000*. Penn State University Press, 2010.
* *Sexual Violence During War and Peace. Gender, Power and Postconflict Justice in Peru.* Palgrave Studies of the Americas Series, 2014.
* *Operating in Emerging Markets: A Guide to Management and Strategy in the New International Economy*, FT Press, 2013.
* *Promoting Silicon Valleys in Latin America: lessons from Costa Rica*, Routledge 2012
* *Contesting Epidemics : How Brazil outpaced the United States in its Policy Response, what the BRICS can learn, and the Politics of Global Health Diplomacy,* Imperial College Press, 2015
* *Decentralization in Asia and Latin America: Towards a Comparative Inter-Disciplinary Perspective* , with George Peterson (eds), Edward Elgar Press, 2006
* *Informal Coalitions and Policymaking in Latin America*. Routledge: New York, 2009
* *Debates on the Measurement of Global Poverty, with* Sudhir Anand, and Joseph E. Stiglitz, Oxford University Press, 2010

## Academics

The Department of International Development currently offers the following programmes:

* BA International Development
* MSc Emerging Economies and International Development
* MSc Political Economy of Emerging Markets
* MA Development Studies
* MPhil/PhD Development Studies with reference to Emerging Markets

## InfoBox

Department of International Development,
King's College London
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 2013 |
| Parent institution | King's College London |
| Directors | Prof. Susan Fairley Murray |
| Location | Bush House, London |
| Website | www.kcl.ac.uk/did |


abstract: During the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, called the Protectorate, the Scottish burghs of Banff, Cullen and Aberdeen were jointly represented by one Member of Parliament in the House of Commons at Westminster from 1654 until 1659. Elections were held at Aberdeen.

text:
# Aberdeen Burghs (Commonwealth Parliament constituency)

During the **Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland**, called the Protectorate, the Scottish burghs of **Banff, Cullen and Aberdeen** were jointly represented by one Member of Parliament in the House of Commons at Westminster from 1654 until 1659. Elections were held at Aberdeen.

## List of Members of Parliament

## InfoBox

| Aberdeen Burghs | |
| --- | --- |
| Former constituency
for the Protectorate Parliament | |
| Region | Scotland |
| Former constituency | |
| Created | 1654 |
| Abolished | 1659 |
| Created from | Scotland |
| Replaced by | Banff
Cullen
Aberdeen |


title: Depwade Rural District

abstract: Depwade Rural District was a rural district in Norfolk, England from 1894 to 1974. It was formed under the Local Government Act 1894 based on the Depwade rural sanitary district, taking its name from the ancient Depwade hundred. It lay to the east of Diss Urban District. In 1902 it took in the eastern part of the disbanded Guiltcross Rural District, thus completely encircling Diss except where that town bordered on Suffolk. Thereafter its borders were unchanged until 1974, when the district was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 and became part of the South Norfolk district.

text:
# Depwade Rural District

**Depwade Rural District** was a rural district in Norfolk, England from 1894 to 1974.

It was formed under the Local Government Act 1894 based on the Depwade rural sanitary district, taking its name from the ancient Depwade hundred. It lay to the east of Diss Urban District.

In 1902 it took in the eastern part of the disbanded Guiltcross Rural District, thus completely encircling Diss except where that town bordered on Suffolk.

Thereafter its borders were unchanged until 1974, when the district was abolished under the Local Government Act 1972 and became part of the South Norfolk district.

## Statistics

| Year | Area (ha)
 | Population
 | Density
(pop/ha) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1911 | 32,271 | 19,933 | 0.62 |
| 1921 | | 18,989 | 0.59 |
| 1931 | | 17,690 | 0.55 |
| 1951 | | 18,161 | 0.56 |
| 1961 | | 17,332 | 0.54 |

## Parishes

| Parish | From | To | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Alburgh |  |  |  |
| Ashwellthorpe |  |  |  |
| Aslacton |  |  |  |
| Billingford |  | 1935 | Added to Scole |
| Bressingham | 1902 |  | Formerly Guiltcross RD |
| Brockdish |  |  |  |
| Bunwell |  |  |  |
| Burston |  |  |  |
| Carleton Rode |  |  |  |
| Denton |  |  |  |
| Dickleburgh |  |  |  |
| Earsham |  |  |  |
| Fersfield | 1902 | 1935 | Formerly Guiltcross RD |
| Forncett | 1935 |  | Merger of next 2 parishes |
| Forncett St Mary |  | 1935 |  |
| Forncett St Peter |  | 1935 |  |
| Fritton |  | 1935 | Added to Morning Thorpe |
| Fundenhall |  | 1935 | Added to Ashwellthorpe |
| Gissing |  |  |  |
| Hapton |  | 1935 | Added to Tharston |
| Hardwick |  | 1935 | Added to Shelton |
| Hempnall |  |  |  |
| Long Stratton | 1935 |  | Merger of Stratton St Mary and Stratton St Michael |
| Morning Thorpe |  |  |  |
| Moulton St Michael |  |  |  |
| Needham |  |  |  |
| Pulham Market |  |  | Pulham St Mary Magdalene before 1947 |
| Pulham St. Mary |  |  | Pulham St Mary the Virgin before 1947 |
| Redenhall with Harleston |  |  |  |
| Roydon | 1902 |  | Formerly Guiltcross RD |
| Rushall |  | 1935 | Added to Dickleburgh |
| Scole |  |  |  |
| Shelfanger | 1902 |  | Formerly Guiltcross RD |
| Shelton |  |  |  |
| Shimpling |  | 1935 | Added to Burston |
| Starston |  |  |  |
| Stratton St Mary |  | 1935 | Component of Long Stratton |
| Stratton St Michael |  | 1935 | Component of Long Stratton |
| Tacolneston |  |  |  |
| Tasburgh |  |  |  |
| Tharston |  |  |  |
| Thelveton |  | 1935 | Added to Scole |
| Thorpe Abbots |  | 1935 | Added to Brockdish |
| Tibenham |  |  |  |
| Tivetshall St Margaret |  |  |  |
| Tivetshall St Mary |  |  |  |
| Wacton |  |  |  |
| Winfarthing | 1902 |  | Formerly Guiltcross RD |

1. "Depwade RD through time: Census tables with data for the Local Government District". *A Vision of Britain through Time*. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
2. "Bressingham CP/AP through time: Census tables with data for the Parish-level Unit". *A Vision of Britain through Time*. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth. This change is not reported on the District level pages, but is apparent from parish commencement dates. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
3. "Depwade RD through time: Population Statistics: Area (acres)". *A Vision of Britain through Time*. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
4. "Depwade RD through time: Population Statistics: Total Population". *A Vision of Britain through Time*. GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth. Retrieved 29 June 2017.

52°26′N 1°14′E / 52.43°N 1.23°E / 52.43; 1.23

## InfoBox


title: Acanceh Municipality

abstract: Acanceh Municipality is a municipality in the Mexican state of Yucatán containing (153.29 km⁲) of land and located roughly 32 km southeast of the city of Mérida.

text:
# Acanceh Municipality

**Acanceh Municipality** (In the Yucatec Maya Language: “Where the deer moans”) is a municipality in the Mexican state of Yucatán containing (153.29 km2) of land and located roughly 32 km southeast of the city of Mérida.

## History

During the Maya period there were mounds and pyramids here. Various archeological sites exist, like those at Canicab, Poxila and Ekmul.

After the conquest during the colonial period, the Municipality of Acanceh was founded as an encomienda in the second half of the sixteenth century. The most notable of the encomenderos were Francisco de Arceo and the Lady Ana Arguelles. Also during this period, a convent and Church to the Virgin of Guadalupe, and the Church of our Lady of the Nativity, were built in Acanceh.

In the nineteenth century, Acanceh changed jurisdiction numerous times. In 1825, it was part of the municipality of Mama; in 1837, was transferred to the municipality of Mérida; in 1840, it was joined with the municipality of Tecoh; in 1862 it returned to the Mérida Municipality; and finally in 1876, the State Congress granted the status of the village.

In the modern era, Governor Prisciliano Cortés granted Acanceh the rank of city in 1914, but that was revoked by Governor Salvador Alvarado when he declared official acts of the previous administration null and void. In 1918, the organic law of municipalities for the state of Yucatán declared Acanceh as a free municipality. On 20 December 1922, by Decree of the Socialist Governor Felipe Carrillo Puerto, land reform returned the land to the pueblo.

## Governance

The municipal president is elected for a three-year term. Nine aldermen also serve on the town council. There is a Secretary, and councilors of Heritage and patrimony; Education and Culture; Public Works; Public Security; Nomenclature; Parks and Public Gardens; Ecology; and Cemeteries.

## Communities

The municipality is made up of 6 communities:

| **Community** | **Population** |
| --- | --- |
| **Entire Municipality (2010)** | **15,3376** |
| Acanceh | 10,211 in 2005 |
| Canicab | 724 in 2005 |
| Petectunich | 558 in 2005 |
| Sácchich | 239 in 2005 |
| Tepich Carrillo | 824 in 2005 |
| Ticopó | 1584 in 2005 |

## Local festivals

Every year from 3 to 7 October Tepich holds the celebration in honor to the Virgin of the Rosary; from 14 to 17 August, in Petectunich they celebrate the Immaculate Conception; and from November 27 to December 12 is the festival of our Lady of Guadalupe.

## Tourist attractions

* Acanceh archeological site
* Hacienda Petectunich
* Hacienda Ticopó

## InfoBox

| Acanceh Municipality | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Church of Acanceh, Yucatán | |
| Region 2 Noroeste #002 | |
| Acanceh MunicipalityLocation of the Municipality in Mexico | |
| Coordinates: 20°48′46″N 89°27′13″W / 20.81278°N 89.45361°W / 20.81278; -89.45361 | |
| Country | Mexico |
| State | Yucatán |
| Government | |
| Type | 2012–2015 |
| Municipal President | Jorge Faustino Toloza Pool |
| Area | |
| Total | 153.29 km2 (59.19 sq mi) |
|  |  |
| Elevation | 6 m (20 ft) |
| Population (2010 ) | |
| Total | 15,337 |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central Standard Time) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (Central Daylight Time) |
| INEGI Code | 002 |
| Major Airport | Merida (Manuel Crescencio Rejón) International Airport |
| IATA Code | MID |
| ICAO Code | MMMD |


title: Dennis Johnson (fullback)

abstract: Dennis D. Johnson is a former American football fullback and tight end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Buffalo Bills and New York Giants. He played college football at Mississippi State University and was selected in the third round of the 1978 NFL draft.

text:
# Dennis Johnson (fullback)

**Dennis D. Johnson** (born February 26, 1956) is a former American football fullback and tight end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Buffalo Bills and New York Giants. He played college football at Mississippi State University and was selected in the third round of the 1978 NFL draft.

## Professional career

### Buffalo Bills

The Buffalo Bills selected him in the 3rd round (59th overall) of the 1978 NFL draft. He played in 16 games during their 1978 season and in the first three games of their 1979 season. On October 6, 1979, Johnson was placed on the injured reserve list with a knee injury for the remainder of the 1979 season. The Bills released him on September 3, 1980.

### New York Giants

Johnson signed with the New York Giants as a tight end on December 3, 1980, and he played in the final two games of the 1980 season. He returned in 1981, but was placed on the injured reserve list with a knee problem on August 3, 1981, through the entire 1981 season.

### Boston/New Orleans Breakers

On February 3, 1983, he signed with the Boston Breakers of the United States Football League. During the Breakers' 1983 season, he rushed for 165 yards on 44 carries with one touchdown and had one touchdown reception. He also scored on a two-point conversion. The Breakers cut him on January 28, 1984.

### Pittsburgh Maulers

On June 7, 1984, Johnson signed with the Pittsburgh Maulers of the United States Football League.

## InfoBox

Dennis Johnson
| No. 39, 89 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Running back
Tight end |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1956-02-26) February 26, 1956
Weir, Mississippi, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) |
| Weight: | 220 lb (100 kg) |
| Career information | |
| College: | Mississippi St. |
| NFL draft: | 1978 / round: 3 / pick: 59 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
| * Second-team All-SEC (1976) * Mississippi State Freshman rushing record in a single game (174) | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Rushing yards: 227  Rushing average: 3.9  Rushing touchdowns: 2 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Dennis Lam

abstract: Dennis Lam Shun-chiu, JP is a prominent Hong Kong ophthalmologist, businessman and politician. He has been a Hong Kong deputy to the National People's Congress (NPC) since 2008 and a member of the Election Committee.

text:
# Dennis Lam

**Dennis Lam Shun-chiu**, JP (Chinese: 林順潮; born 26 November 1959) is a prominent Hong Kong ophthalmologist, businessman and politician. He has been a Hong Kong deputy to the National People's Congress (NPC) since 2008 and a member of the Election Committee.

## Biography

Lam was born in Hong Kong on 26 November 1959 and was educated at the King's College and was graduated from the University of Hong Kong with a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery in 1984 and became a Fellow of the Hong Kong Academy of Medicine. He became chairman of the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences at the Chinese University of Hong Kong since 1998.

He founded the C-MER Eye Care Holdings and became the company's chairman and chief executive. By 2017, C-MER Eye Care had eight ophthalmologists in Hong Kong and 24 physicians at Shenzhen hospital which brought him more than HK$80 million revenue in 2016.

He was awarded Ten Outstanding Young Persons Selection of Hong Kong in 1994 and Ten Outstanding Young Persons of the World in 1995. He was first elected to the Election Committee through the Medical Subsector in 1998 and was elected again in 2006. In the 2008 election, he was elected as Hong Kong deputy of the National People's Congress (NPC) in 2008 and became an *ex officio* member of the Election Committee since 2008. He was picked as one of the torchbearers in the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay in Hong Kong.

During the historic 2019 pro-democracy protests, Lam and few hundreds Hong Kong doctors and nurses signed a letter expressing support for the Hong Kong Police Force's crackdown on the protesters, as a counter campaign against a group of medical workers staged a protest against the police brutality.

Lam first ran in the Legislative Council election in 2000 in the Medical functional constituency but was defeated by Lo Wing-lok. He became one of the 51 candidates running in the 40-seat Election Committee in the newly overhauled 90-seat Legislative Council of Hong Kong in the 2021 election.

Though Hong Kong medical schools teach in English, Lam in July 2022 criticized the requirement that English be the language of instruction for a program that recruits doctors from medical schools outside of Hong Kong.

## Personal life

He married Li Xiaoting, a participant of the 2004 Miss Chinese International Pageant who is 19 years younger than him.

On 5 January 2022, Carrie Lam announced new warnings and restrictions against social gathering due to potential COVID-19 outbreaks. One day later, it was discovered that Lam attended a birthday party hosted by Witman Hung Wai-man, with 222 guests. At least one guest tested positive with COVID-19, causing all guests to be quarantined. Lam was warned by Legislative Council president Andrew Leung to not attend any meetings until after finishing his last mandatory COVID-19 test on 22 January 2022. However, he decided to attend the meeting on 19 January 2022, against Leung's orders.

In November 2022, he tested positive for COVID-19.

## InfoBox

| Professor the HonourableDennis Lam Shun-chiuJP | |
| --- | --- |
| 林順潮 | |
| Dennis Lam in 2021 | |
|  | |
| HKSAR Member of National People's Congress | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
5 March 2008 | |
| Chairman | Wu BangguoZhang DejiangLi ZhanshuZhao Leji |
| Member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
1 January 2022 | |
| Constituency | Election Committee |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1959-11-26) November 26, 1959
Hong Kong |
| Spouse | Li Xiaoting |
| Children | 2 sons, 1 daughter |
| Education |  |
| Occupation | ophthalmologist, businessman |
|  | |


title: Achery, Aisne

abstract: Achery is a commune in the department of Aisne in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France.

text:
# Achery, Aisne

**Achery** is a commune in the department of Aisne in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France.

## Geography

Achery is located some 20 km south by southeast of Saint-Quentin and 10 km north-east of Tergnier. The commune is on the Oise river which flows south forming the north-western border of the commune before flowing through the commune and continuing south. The tributary of the Oise, the Serre, forms the southern border of the commune before joining the Oise just south of Achery. The town of Achery is about 1.5 km directly south of Mayot on Highway D13 which passes through Achery south to Danizy. Other roads into the commune are the D643 (Rue Jules Lesage) west from the village to Travecy and also east (Rue Jean Moulin) to Anguilcourt-le-Sart. The *Rue de Fort* forms most of the northern border of the commune with various country roads forming most of the western border.

### Neighbouring communes and villages

Some distance from the town there is a quarry and an old gunpowder factory.

## History

In the distant past, the village was called *Achiriacus* in 990.

Achery had its own lords. The lordship had his castle but it was destroyed once before being rebuilt in the 14th century. The lordship fell to the Count of Anizy. During the French Revolution the castle was destroyed and Achery became an independent commune. During the First World War, the village was completely destroyed but was rebuilt after the war.

## Administration

**List of Mayors of Achery**

| From | To | Name | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2001 | 2020 | Georges Demoulin | DVD |
| 2020 | Current | Marc Legard |  |

## Population

Historical population
| Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1793  689       1800  761 +1.43%  1806  754 −0.15%  1821  862 +0.90%  1831  1,046 +1.95%  1836  1,099 +0.99%  1841  1,125 +0.47%  1846  1,117 −0.14%  1851  1,088 −0.52%  1856  1,099 +0.20%  1861  1,074 −0.46%  1866  1,046 −0.53%  1872  924 −2.05%  1876  927 +0.08%  1881  895 −0.70%  1886  908 +0.29%  1891  809 −2.28%  1896  763 −1.16% | Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1901  671 −2.54%  1906  687 +0.47%  1911  655 −0.95%  1921  451 −3.66%  1926  464 +0.57%  1931  449 −0.66%  1936  469 +0.88%  1946  520 +1.04%  1954  501 −0.46%  1962  508 +0.17%  1968  524 +0.52%  1975  508 −0.44%  1982  578 +1.86%  1990  564 −0.31%  1999  540 −0.48%  2007  539 −0.02%  2012  620 +2.84%  2017  598 −0.72% |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Source: EHESS and INSEE | |

## Events

* Flea market in May
* Festival on the third Sunday in June

## Sites and monuments

* The Church of Saint-Martin: rebuilt after the First World War
* An Old water mill
* The Dovecote Square
* Marshes and ponds
* Remains of many blockhouses of the Hindenburg Line

## InfoBox

| Achery | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Town hall | |
| Location of Achery | |
| AcheryAchery | |
| Coordinates: 49°41′35″N 3°23′26″E / 49.6931°N 3.3906°E / 49.6931; 3.3906 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Hauts-de-France |
| Department | Aisne |
| Arrondissement | Laon |
| Canton | Tergnier |
| Intercommunality | CA Chauny Tergnier La Fère |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Marc Legard |
| Area**1** | 6.9 km2 (2.7 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 594 |
| Density | 86/km2 (220/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 02002 /02800 |
| Elevation | 48–103 m (157–338 ft)
(avg. 50 m or 160 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Abigail Tere-Apisah

abstract:
Abigail Agivanagi Tere-Apisah is a former professional tennis player from Papua New Guinea. Tere-Apisah has a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 276, achieved on 6 August 2018.
She is the daughter of Kwalam Apisah and Verenagi Tere. Her sister Marcia, and her nieces, Violet and Patricia Apisah, are also tennis players.

text:
# Abigail Tere-Apisah

**Abigail Agivanagi Tere-Apisah** (born 13 July 1992) is a former professional tennis player from Papua New Guinea.

Tere-Apisah has a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 276, achieved on 6 August 2018. She is the daughter of Kwalam Apisah and Verenagi Tere. Her sister Marcia, and her nieces, Violet and Patricia Apisah, are also tennis players.

## Tennis career

In 2010, Abigail graduated from Albury High School in Albury, Australia. She then attended Georgia State University, playing tennis for the Panthers, and graduated in 2014 with a BS in Health and Physical Education. Apisah is a two time All-American tennis player (2012 and 2014).

On 24 May 2014, she reached the semifinals of the NCAA Championship, losing in the third-set tiebreak to Lynn Chi. She reached a collegiate national ranking of No. 8 in singles.

On 3 December 2017, in the Asia-Pacific Wildcard Playoff final for the 2018 Australian Open, she was looking to become the first player from Papua New Guinea to compete in a Grand Slam main draw, but lost the final match 6–4, 5–7, 4–6 to Wang Xinyu of China.

On 19 May 2019, Tere-Apisah became the first Pacific islander to win a professional tennis singles title beating Russian top seed, Valeria Savinykh, at a $25k event in Singapore.

## ITF Circuit finals

### Singles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner–up)

| Legend  $25,000 tournaments | Finals by surface  Hard (1–1) |
| --- | --- |

| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Loss | 0–1 | Oct 2017 | ITF Cairns, Australia | 25,000 | Hard | Olivia Rogowska | 6–1, 2–6, 2–6 |
| Win | 1–1 | May 2019 | ITF Singapore | 25,000 | Hard | Valeria Savinykh | 6–3, 6–2 |

### Doubles: 11 (6 titles, 5 runner–ups)

| Legend  $60,000 tournaments (0–1)  $25,000 tournaments (6–4)  $15,000 tournaments (0–0) | Finals by surface  Hard (5–4)  Clay (1–0)  Carpet (0–1) |
| --- | --- |

| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Win | 1–0 | Sep 2016 | ITF Brisbane, Australia | 25,000 | Hard | Naiktha Bains | Julia Glushko
Liu Fangzhou | 6–7(4), 6–2, \[10–3\] |
| Win | 2–0 | Jun 2017 | ITF Bethany Beach,
United States | 25,000 | Clay | Sabrina Santamaria | Sophie Chang
Alexandra Mueller | 6–4, 6–0 |
| Win | 3–0 | Sep 2017 | ITF Penrith, Australia | 25,000 | Hard | Naiktha Bains | Tammi Patterson
Olivia Rogowska | 6–0, 7–5 |
| Win | 4–0 | Sep 2017 | ITF Brisbane, Australia (2) | 25,000 | Hard | Naiktha Bains | Jennifer Elie
Erika Sema | 6–4, 6–1 |
| Loss | 4–1 | Oct 2017 | ITF Toowoomba, Australia | 25,000 | Hard | Naiktha Bains | Momoko Kobori
Ayano Shimizu | 5–7, 5–7 |
| Win | 5–1 | Oct 2017 | ITF Cairns, Australia | 25,000 | Hard | Naiktha Bains | Astra Sharma
Belinda Woolcock | 4–6, 6–2, \[10–6\] |
| Loss | 5–2 | May 2018 | Kurume Cup, Japan | 60,000 | Carpet | Katy Dunne | Naomi Broady
Asia Muhammad | 2–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 5–3 | May 2019 | ITF Singapore | 25,000 | Hard | Rutuja Bhosale | Beatrice Gumulya
Jessy Rompies | 4–6, 6–0, \[6–10\] |
| Win | 6–3 | Jun 2019 | ITF Hong Kong | 25,000 | Hard | Junri Namigata | Erina Hayashi
Momoko Kobori | 6–3, 2–6, \[10–6\] |
| Loss | 6–4 | Feb 2020 | Launceston International,
Australia | 25,000 | Hard | Alicia Smith | Alison Bai
Jaimee Fourlis | 6–7(4), 3–6 |
| Loss | 6–5 | Feb 2020 | ITF Perth, Australia | 25,000 | Hard | Paige Hourigan | Kanako Morisaki
Erika Sema | 1–6, 6–4, \[7–10\] |

## National representation

### Fed Cup

Tere-Apisah made her Fed Cup debut for Pacific Oceania in 2015, while the team was competing in the Asia/Oceania Zone Group II.

| Group membership  World Group  World Group Play-off  World Group II (0–0)  World Group II Play-off  Asia/Oceania Group (15–10) | Matches by surface  Hard (15–10)  Clay (0–0)  Grass (0–0)  Carpet (0–0) | Matches by type  Singles (10–5)  Doubles (5–5) | Matches by setting  Indoors (3–7)  Outdoors (12–3) |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

#### Singles (10–5)

| Edition | Stage | Date | Location | Against | Surface | Opponent | W/L | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Fed Cup
Asia/Oceania Zone Group II | Pool D | 14 April 2015 | Hyderabad, India | Indonesia | Hard (i) | Lavinia Tananta | L | 6–2, 1–6, 3–6 |
| | | 15 April 2015 | | Sri Lanka | | Medhira Samarasinghe | W | 6–0, 6–3 |
| | 5th-8th Play-off | 17 April 2015 | | Singapore | | Angeline Devanthiran | W | 6–0, 6–3 |
| 2016 Fed Cup
Asia/Oceania Zone Group II | Pool A | 11 April 2016 | Hua Hin, Thailand | Hong Kong | Hard | Maggie Ng | W | 2–6, 6–1, 7–5 |
| | | 12 April 2016 | | Iran | | Sadaf Sadeghvaziri | W | 6–1, 6–1 |
| | | 13 April 2016 | | Philippines | | Anna Clarice Patrimonio | W | 6–1, 6–0 |
| 2017 Fed Cup
Asia/Oceania Zone Group II | Pool B | 18 July 2017 | Dushanbe, Tajikistan | Iran | Hard | Sara Amiri | W | 6–3, 6–0 |
| | | 19 July 2017 | | Hong Kong | | Zhang Ling | L | 4–6, 4–6 |
| | 5th-8th Play-off | 21 July 2017 | | Singapore | | Y-kit Nicole Tan | W | 6–7(5–7), 6–0, 6–0 |
| 2018 Fed Cup
Asia/Oceania Zone Group II | Pool C | 7 February 2018 | Isa Town, Bahrain | Oman | Hard | Fatma Al-Nabhani | W | 7–6(7–4), 7–5 |
| | | 8 February 2018 | | Malaysia | | Suhana Sofia Mohd Adam Das | W | 6–2, 6–0 |
| | Promotional Play-off | 10 February 2018 | | Singapore | | Stefanie Tan | W | 2–6, 6–2, 6–4 |
| 2019 Fed Cup
Asia/Oceania Zone Group I | Pool B | 6 February 2019 | Astana, Kazakhstan | China | Hard (i) | Zhang Shuai | L | 1–6, 2–6 |
| | | 7 February 2019 | | Indonesia | | Beatrice Gumulya | L | 4–6, 6–2, 4–6 |
| | | 8 February 2019 | | South Korea | | Han Na-lae | L | 1–6, 7–5, 3–6 |

#### Doubles (5–5)

| Edition | Stage | Date | Location | Against | Surface | Partner | Opponents | W/L | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Fed Cup
Asia/Oceania Zone Group II | Pool D | 14 April 2015 | Hyderabad, India | Indonesia | Hard (i) | Brittany Teei | Ayu Fani Damayanti
Lavinia Tananta | L | 0–6, 2–6 |
| | 5th-8th Play-off | 17 April 2015 | | Singapore | | | Wi Joanne Koh
Sarah Pang | W | 6–0, 6–3 |
| 2016 Fed Cup
Asia/Oceania Zone Group II | Pool A | 11 April 2016 | Hua Hin, Thailand | Hong Kong | Hard | Steffi Carruthers | Sher Chun-wing
Zhang Ling | L | 3–6, 2–6 |
| | | 13 April 2016 | | Philippines | | | Khim Iglupas
Katharina Lehnert | L | 4–6, 3–6 |
| 2018 Fed Cup
Asia/Oceania Zone Group II | Pool C | 6 February 2018 | Isa Town, Bahrain | Iran | Hard | | Shahrzad Banisaeid
Kimia Rahmani | W | 6–0, 6–0 |
| | | 7 February 2018 | | Oman | | | Maryam Al Balushi
Aisha Al Suleimani | W | 6–0, 6–1 |
| | | 8 February 2018 | | Malaysia | | | Jawairiah Noordin
Suhana Sofia Mohd Adam Das | W | 6–4, 6–2 |
| | Promotional Play-off | 10 February 2018 | | Singapore | | | Charmaine Shi Yi Seah
Stefanie Tan | W | 6–1, 6–1 |
| 2019 Fed Cup
Asia/Oceania Zone Group I | Pool B | 6 February 2019 | Astana, Kazakhstan | China | Hard (i) | | Xu Yifan
Zheng Saisai | L | 6–3, 3–6, 4–6 |
| | | 7 February 2019 | | Indonesia | | | Deria Nur Haliza
Jessy Rompies | L | 4–6, 4–6 |

## InfoBox

Abigail Tere-Apisah
| Full name | Abigail Agivanagi Tere-Apisah |
| --- | --- |
| Country (sports) | Papua New Guinea
Pacific Oceania (Fed Cup tournaments) |
| Residence | Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea |
| Born | (1992-07-13) 13 July 1992
Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea |
| Plays | Right-handed (two-handed backhand) |
| Prize money | $55,261 |
| Singles | |
| Career record | 111–68 |
| Career titles | 1 ITF |
| Highest ranking | No. 276 (6 August 2018) |
| Doubles | |
| Career record | 61–51 |
| Career titles | 6 ITF |
| Highest ranking | No. 224 (11 June 2018) |
| Team competitions | |
| Fed Cup | 16–12 |
| Medal record      Representing  Papua New Guinea  Women's tennis  Pacific Games  2011 Nouméa Doubles  2015 Port Moresby Singles  2015 Port Moresby Doubles  2015 Port Moresby Mixed doubles  2015 Port Moresby Team  2019 Apia Singles  2019 Apia Doubles  2019 Apia Team  2023 Honiara Singles  2023 Honiara Mixed doubles  2007 Apia Doubles  2011 Nouméa Team  2019 Apia Mixed doubles  2007 Apia Singles  2011 Nouméa Singles  2023 Honiara Team  Pacific Mini Games  2022 Saipan Team  2022 Saipan Singles | |


title: Desert Conference

abstract: The Desert Conference was a junior college athletic conference with member schools located in Southern California that operated from 1961 to 1981. It was formed in 1961 with four charter members: Barstow Community College, Imperial Valley College, Palo Verde College, and Victor Valley College. The College of the Desert joined the conference in 1962. The Desert Conference was abolished by California's Commission on Athletics (COA) in 1981. In a releaguing process, the members of the conference moved to the newly-formed Foothill Conference.

text:
# Desert Conference

The **Desert Conference** was a junior college athletic conference with member schools located in Southern California that operated from 1961 to 1981. It was formed in 1961 with four charter members: Barstow Community College, Imperial Valley College, Palo Verde College, and Victor Valley College. The College of the Desert joined the conference in 1962.

The Desert Conference was abolished by California's Commission on Athletics (COA) in 1981. In a releaguing process, the members of the conference moved to the newly-formed Foothill Conference.

## Yearly football standings

| 1967 Desert Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  MiraCosta $^  6   0   0   8   2   0  Imperial Valley 5   1   0   6   3   0  Mt. San Jacinto 3   3   0   5   4   0  Barstow 3   3   0   3   6   0  Desert 3   3   0   3   5   0  Palo Verde 1   5   0   3   6   0  Victor Valley 0   6   0   0   8   0   * $  Conference champion * ^ – California state junior college small division playoff participant | 1968 Desert Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  MiraCosta $^  7   0   0   8   2   0  Antelope Valley 6   1   0   7   2   0  Mt. San Jacinto 5   2   0   7   2   0  Barstow 4   3   0   5   4   0  Imperial Valley 3   4   0   4   5   0  Desert 2   5   0   3   6   0  Palo Verde 1   6   0   2   7   0  Victor Valley 0   7   0   0   9   0   * $  Conference champion * ^ – California state junior college small division playoff participant | 1969 Desert Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  Saddleback $^  6   0   0   9   2   0  MiraCosta 5   1   0   6   3   0  Mt. San Jacinto 4   2   0   6   3   0  Imperial Valley 3   3   0   5   4   0  Barstow 2   4   0   2   6   1  Desert 1   5   0   2   7   0  Victor Valley 0   6   0   1   8   0   * $  Conference champion * ^ – California state junior college small division playoff participant |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1970 Desert Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  Victor Valley $^  6   1   0   7   2   0  College of the Canyons 5   2   0   7   2   0  Mt. San Jacinto 4   3   0   5   4   0  MiraCosta 4   3   0   4   5   0  Palo Verde 3   4   0   5   4   0  Desert 3   4   0   4   5   0  Imperial Valley 2   5   0   2   7   0  Barstow 1   6   0   1   8   0   * $  Conference champion * ^ – California state junior college small division playoff participant
Desert forfeited conference wins over Victor Valley, Mt. San Jacinto, Palo Verde, and Barstow. | 1971 Desert Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  College of the Canyons $^  7   0   0   8   2   0  Victor Valley 6   1   0   7   2   0  Desert 4   3   0   6   4   0  Palo Verde 4   3   0   5   5   0  Imperial Valley 3   4   0   3   7   0  MiraCosta 3   4   0   3   7   0  Mt. San Jacinto 1   6   0   1   6   0  Barstow 0   7   0   0   10   0   * $  Conference champion * ^ – California state junior college small division playoff participant | 1972 Desert Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  MiraCosta $^  4   1   1   5   4   1  Desert 3   1   2    ?    ?    ?  Victor Valley 4   2   0    ?    ?    ?  Imperial Valley 4   2   0    ?    ?    ?  Barstow 3   2   1    ?    ?    ?  Palo Verde 1   5   0    ?    ?    ?  Mt. San Jacinto 0   6   0    ?    ?    ?   * $  Conference champion * ^ – California state junior college small division playoff participant |
| 1973 Desert Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  MiraCosta $^  6   0   0   10   2   0  Desert 5   1   0   5   5   0  Imperial Valley 4   2   0   4   5   0  Barstow 3   3   0   5   5   0  Mt. San Jacinto 2   4   0   3   6   0  Victor Valley 1   5   0   1   7   0  Palo Verde 0   6   0   1   7   0   * $  Conference champion * ^ – California state junior college small division playoff participant | 1974 Desert Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  MiraCosta $^  5   0   0   7   2   0  Imperial Valley 3   2   0   6   2   0  Mt. San Jacinto 3   2   0   5   3   0  Desert 2   3   0   4   6   0  Victor Valley 1   4   0   1   6   0  Barstow 1   4   0   1   6   0   * $  Conference champion * ^ – California state junior college Division III playoff participant | 1975 Desert Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  Imperial Valley \+  5   1   0   7   3   0  Mt. San Jacinto \+  5   1   0   7   3   0  MiraCosta +^  5   1   0   7   3   1  Barstow 3   3   0   4   5   0  Desert 2   4   0   2   8   0  Victor Valley 1   5   0   2   6   0  Palo Verde 0   6   0   0   7   0   * \+  Conference co-champions * ^ – California state junior college small division playoff participant |
| 1976 Desert Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  MiraCosta $  5   0   0   7   3   0  Mt. San Jacinto 3   2   0   5   3   1  Desert 3   2   0   6   4   0  Victor Valley 2   3   0   3   5   0  Imperial Valley 2   3   0   4   4   0  Barstow 0   5   0   0   8   0   * $  Conference champion | 1977 Desert Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  Desert $^  4   0   0   6   4   0  Mt. San Jacinto 3   1   0   6   3   0  MiraCosta 2   2   0   2   7   0  Imperial Valley 1   3   0   1   8   0  Victor Valley 0   4   0   3   6   1   * $  Conference champion * ^ – California state junior college Division II playoff participant
Scottsdale forfeited a non-conference game to Desert. | 1978 Desert Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  Mt. San Jacinto $^  4   0   0   5   6   0  Desert 3   1   0   5   3   0  MiraCosta 2   2   0   3   6   0  Imperial Valley 1   3   0   1   7   1  Victor Valley 0   4   0   3   7   0   * $  Conference champion * ^ – California state junior college Division II playoff participant |
| 1979 Desert Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  Desert $^  4   0   0   6   4   0  Imperial Valley 3   1   0   5   5   0  Mt. San Jacinto 2   2   0   4   5   0  MiraCosta 1   3   0   3   6   0  Victor Valley 0   4   0   4   5   0   * $  Conference champion * ^ – California state junior college Division II playoff participant | 1980 Desert Conference football standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   T   W   L   T  Mt. San Jacinto $^  6   0   0   9   3   0  Desert 3   3   0   5   5   0  Imperial Valley 1   5   0    ?    ?    ?  MiraCosta 2   4   0    ?    ?    ?   * $  Conference champion * ^ – California state junior college Division II playoff participant |


title: Achenoderus

abstract: Achenoderus octomaculatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, the only species in the genus Achenoderus.

text:
# Achenoderus

***Achenoderus octomaculatus*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, the only species in the genus ***Achenoderus***.

## InfoBox

| *Achenoderus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Achenoderus*** |
| Species: | ***A. octomaculatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Achenoderus octomaculatus***<br>(Fairmaire & Germain, 1861) | |
|


title: Dennis Reeves

abstract: Dennis Reeves is a Scottish former footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

text:
# Dennis Reeves

**Dennis Reeves** (born 1 December 1944) is a Scottish former footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Playing career

Although born in Scotland, Reeves spent his entire playing career in England and Wales. He was invited to trials at Chester in 1961, making his debut in The Football League for the club against Rochdale in October 1963. He was a regular in the side for the next three years. On 9 January 1965, he made a superb one-handed save at Old Trafford to deny Bobby Charlton in Chester's 2-1 defeat against Manchester United in the FA Cup third round.

Reeves asked Chester for a transfer after losing his place to Terry Carling during the 1966–67 season. In October 1967 he moved to local rivals Wrexham where he made 15 league appearances. In 1969 he began playing Non-League football with Wigan Athletic. Reeves felt he produced the best form of his career playing at Wigan's Springfield Park, which included the 1973 final of the FA Trophy at Wembley Stadium. He went on to make a total of 233 appearances for the Northern Premier League club.

Reeves announced his retirement at the end of the 1974–75 season. Back in Chester, he worked as a painter and decorator, and played club cricket.

## InfoBox

Dennis Reeves
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Dennis John Richardson Reeves | | |
| Date of birth | (1944-12-01) 1 December 1944 | | |
| Place of birth | Lochmaben, Scotland | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1961–1963 | Chester | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1963–1967 | Chester | 139 | (0) |
| 1967–1969 | Wrexham | 15 | (0) |
| 1969–1975 | Wigan Athletic | 233 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Acleris dryochyta

abstract: Acleris dryochyta is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Yunnan).

text:
# Acleris dryochyta

***Acleris dryochyta*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Yunnan).

## InfoBox

| *Acleris dryochyta* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Acleris* |
| Species: | ***A. dryochyta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Acleris dryochyta***<br>(Meyrick in Caradja & Meyrick, 1937) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Tortrix dryochyta* Meyrick, 1937 | |


title: Dorothy Payne Whitney

abstract: Dorothy Payne Elmhirst was an American-born social activist, philanthropist, publisher and a member of the prominent Whitney family.

text:
# Dorothy Payne Whitney

**Dorothy Payne Elmhirst** (née **Whitney**, previously **Straight**; January 23, 1887 – December 14, 1968) was an American-born social activist, philanthropist, publisher and a member of the prominent Whitney family.

## Life and work

Whitney was born in Washington, D.C., the daughter of Flora (née Payne) and William Collins Whitney, the United States Secretary of the Navy during the first Cleveland administration from 1885 through 1889. Flora was the daughter of Senator Henry B. Payne of Ohio and sister of Colonel Oliver Hazard Payne, later treasurer of the Standard Oil Company. She attended the Chapin School. At age 17, she came into a major inheritance, approximately $15,000,000 (equivalent to $508,666,667 in 2023 dollars), following the death of her extremely wealthy father.

One of the wealthiest women in America in the early 20th century, Dorothy Whitney Straight was a philanthropist and social activist who supported women's trade unions and educational and charitable organizations such as the Junior League of New York. She became the first president of the Association of Junior Leagues International in 1921. Together with her husband, she founded the weekly magazine *The New Republic* and the New School for Social Research in New York City.

Records of Dorothy Payne Whitney in New York City reveal the extent of her philanthropic work. She was a benefactor of the arts, feminist, and pacifist causes, as well as social and labour reform. She lent financial support to progressive alternative education plus scholarly research. In 1937, she created the William C. Whitney Foundation in her father's name.

## Personal life

### First marriage

Her first marriage in 1911 was to Willard Dickerman Straight (1880–1918), the son of Henry H. Straight, from Oswego, New York, who went to Cornell University and by the age of 30 was a powerful man amongst the international community trading in Peking, China. Together, they had three children:

Straight died at the age of 38 of influenza during the 1918 pandemic while serving with the United States Army in France during World War I. Straight's will requested his wife to continue his philanthropic work in support of Cornell and in 1925, she built Willard Straight Hall, a student union building dedicated to her late husband's memory.

### Second marriage

In 1920, she met Leonard Knight Elmhirst (1893–1974), an Englishman from a Yorkshire landowning family, who was then studying agriculture at Cornell University, and was seeking support for Cornell's Cosmopolitan Club which provided amenities for foreign students. They married in April 1925, and embarked on ambitious plans to recreate rural community life at Dartington Hall in Devon. Together, they had two children: Ruth Elmhirst (1926–1986), who married Maurice Ash (1917–2003) in 1947, and William Elmhirst (born 1929).

George Bernard Shaw called Dartington a "salon in the countryside": it attracted British intellectuals like Aldous Huxley and Gerald Heard, and the American constitutional psychologist William Sheldon. At Dartington she led local artistic developments, founding Dartington College of Arts and Dartington International Summer School – although she and Leonard also continued their worldwide interests. On April 26, 1935, she renounced her United States citizenship.

Dorothy Payne Whitney Elmhirst died on December 14, 1968.

### Influence

Dorothy was known for building the Willard Straight Hall at Cornell University, founding *The New Republic*, founding New School for Social Research, being the founding president of Association of Junior Leagues International, founding the William C. Whitney Foundation, renovating Dartington Hall and its gardens, founding the Dartington Hall Trust, founding the Dartington Hall School, founding the Dartington College of Arts, and hosting the Dartington International Summer School from 1953.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Dorothy Payne Whitney Elmhirst | |
| --- | --- |
| Dorothy Payne Whitney in 1915 | |
| Born | Dorothy Payne Whitney
(1887-01-23)January 23, 1887
Washington, D.C., United States |
| Died | December 14, 1968(1968-12-14) (aged 81)
Dartington Hall, Devon, UK |
| Nationality | United States (until 1935)
United Kingdom (from 1925 to 1968) |
| Education | Chapin School |
| Spouses | *   Willard Dickerman Straight  (m. 1911; died 1918) *   Leonard Knight Elmhirst  (m. 1925) |
| Children | Whitney Willard Straight
Beatrice Whitney Straight
Michael Whitney Straight
Ruth Elmhirst
William Elmhirst |
| Parent(s) | William Collins Whitney
Flora Payne |
| Relatives | *See* Whitney family |