title: 1959–60 Divizia B

abstract: The 1959–60 Divizia B was the 20th season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system. The league was expanded from two series to three series of 14 teams. At the end of the season the winners of the series promoted to Divizia A and the last two places from each series relegated to Regional Championship.

text:
# 1959–60 Divizia B

The **1959–60 Divizia B** was the 20th season of the second tier of the Romanian football league system.

The league was expanded from two series to three series of 14 teams. At the end of the season the winners of the series promoted to Divizia A and the last two places from each series relegated to Regional Championship.

## Team changes

### Teams spared from relegation

Știința Cluj was spared from relegation to Divizia B, after the merge of TAROM București with Locomotiva GR București.

### Renamed teams

*CSA Sibiu* was renamed as ASA Sibiu.

*Jiul Craiova* was renamed as CS Craiova.

*Pompierul București* was renamed as Dinamo Obor București.

*Victoria Suceava* was renamed as Dinamo Suceava.

### Other teams

TAROM București merged with its mother club, Locomotiva GR București, being absorbed.

Dinamo Miliție București and Dinamo Pitești merged, the first one being absorbed by the second one.

## League tables

### Serie I

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | CSMS Iași (C, P) | 26 | 19 | 4 | 3 | 79 | 24 | +55 | 42 | Promotion to Divizia A |
| 2 | Dinamo Galați | 26 | 17 | 2 | 7 | 59 | 35 | +24 | 36 |  |
| 3 | Prahova Ploiești | 26 | 8 | 11 | 7 | 50 | 39 | +11 | | 27 |
| 4 | Dinamo Suceava | 26 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 40 | 41 | 1 | | 27 |
| 5 | Știința București | 26 | 10 | 5 | 11 | 51 | 38 | +13 | | 25 |
| 6 | SNM Constanța | 26 | 9 | 7 | 10 | 36 | 40 | 4 | | 25 |
| 7 | Foresta Fălticeni | 26 | 9 | 7 | 10 | 32 | 47 | 15 | | 25 |
| 8 | Unirea Iași | 26 | 9 | 6 | 11 | 34 | 34 | 0 | | 24 |
| 9 | Gloria Bistrița | 26 | 9 | 6 | 11 | 33 | 36 | 3 | | 24 |
| 10 | CFR Pașcani | 26 | 9 | 6 | 11 | 30 | 34 | 4 | | 24 |
| 11 | Unirea Focșani | 26 | 7 | 10 | 9 | 32 | 47 | 15 | | 24 |
| 12 | Rulmentul Bârlad | 26 | 10 | 4 | 12 | 31 | 49 | 18 | | 24 |
| 13 | Victoria Buzău (R) | 26 | 7 | 7 | 12 | 32 | 41 | 9 | 21 | Relegation to Regional Championship |
| 14 | Sportul Muncitoresc Radăuți (R) | 26 | 6 | 4 | 16 | 26 | 60 | 34 | | 16 |

Source: romaniansoccer.ro
Rules for classification: 1) Points 2) Head-to-head points; 3) Head-to-head goal difference; 4) Head-to-head goals scored; 5) Head-to-head away goals scored; 6) Goal difference; 7) Goals scored.
(C) Champions; (P) Promoted; (R) Relegated

### Serie II

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Știința Timișoara (C, P) | 26 | 17 | 4 | 5 | 60 | 20 | +40 | 38 | Promotion to Divizia A |
| 2 | Dinamo Obor București | 26 | 13 | 7 | 6 | 44 | 33 | +11 | 33 |  |
| 3 | Dinamo Pitești | 26 | 13 | 5 | 8 | 50 | 41 | +9 | | 31 |
| 4 | Poiana Câmpina | 26 | 11 | 6 | 9 | 29 | 29 | 0 | | 28 |
| 5 | Flacăra Moreni | 26 | 13 | 2 | 11 | 41 | 48 | 7 | | 28 |
| 6 | CFR Timișoara | 26 | 11 | 5 | 10 | 45 | 34 | +11 | | 27 |
| 7 | Metalul Târgoviște | 26 | 12 | 3 | 11 | 45 | 39 | +6 | | 27 |
| 8 | CS Craiova | 26 | 10 | 6 | 10 | 33 | 46 | 13 | | 26 |
| 9 | Metalul Titanii București | 26 | 11 | 3 | 12 | 35 | 40 | 5 | | 25 |
| 10 | Știința Craiova | 26 | 10 | 4 | 12 | 33 | 29 | +4 | | 24 |
| 11 | CSM Reșița | 26 | 10 | 3 | 13 | 51 | 40 | +11 | | 23 |
| 12 | Drobeta-Turnu Severin | 26 | 8 | 5 | 13 | 39 | 54 | 15 | | 21 |
| 13 | Metalul Oțelu Roșu (R) | 26 | 7 | 5 | 14 | 32 | 54 | 22 | 19 | Relegation to Regional Championship |
| 14 | Carpați Sinaia (R) | 26 | 5 | 4 | 17 | 26 | 56 | 30 | | 14 |

Source: romaniansoccer.ro
Rules for classification: 1) Points 2) Head-to-head points; 3) Head-to-head goal difference; 4) Head-to-head goals scored; 5) Head-to-head away goals scored; 6) Goal difference; 7) Goals scored.
(C) Champions; (P) Promoted; (R) Relegated

### Serie III

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Corvinul Hunedoara (C, P) | 26 | 14 | 9 | 3 | 59 | 26 | +33 | 37 | Promotion to Divizia A |
| 2 | Baia Mare | 26 | 15 | 6 | 5 | 53 | 24 | +29 | 36 |  |
| 3 | CS Oradea | 26 | 14 | 5 | 7 | 43 | 27 | +16 | | 33 |
| 4 | IS Câmpia Turzii | 26 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 41 | 34 | +7 | | 27 |
| 5 | Recolta Carei | 26 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 35 | 40 | 5 | | 27 |
| 6 | ASA Sibiu | 26 | 7 | 12 | 7 | 35 | 31 | +4 | | 26 |
| 7 | Rapid Cluj | 26 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 32 | 35 | 3 | | 26 |
| 8 | CFR Cluj | 26 | 11 | 2 | 13 | 33 | 36 | 3 | | 24 |
| 9 | AMEF Arad | 26 | 9 | 5 | 12 | 26 | 33 | 7 | | 23 |
| 10 | Chimia Făgăraș | 26 | 10 | 3 | 13 | 35 | 47 | 12 | | 23 |
| 11 | Gaz Metan Mediaș | 26 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 25 | 42 | 17 | | 23 |
| 12 | Tractorul Orașul Stalin | 26 | 6 | 10 | 10 | 27 | 28 | 1 | | 22 |
| 13 | CFR Arad (R) | 26 | 8 | 4 | 14 | 23 | 35 | 12 | 20 | Relegation to Regional Championship |
| 14 | CS Târgu Mureș (R) | 26 | 7 | 3 | 16 | 21 | 50 | 29 | | 17 |

Source: romaniansoccer.ro
Rules for classification: 1) Points 2) Head-to-head points; 3) Head-to-head goal difference; 4) Head-to-head goals scored; 5) Head-to-head away goals scored; 6) Goal difference; 7) Goals scored.
(C) Champions; (P) Promoted; (R) Relegated

## InfoBox

Divizia B
| Season | 1959–60 |
| --- | --- |
| Promoted | CSMS Iași
Știința Timișoara
Corvinul Hunedoara |
| Relegated | Victoria Buzău
Metalul Oțelu Roșu
CFR Arad
Sportul Muncitoresc Radăuți
Carpați Sinaia
CS Târgu Mureș |
| 1958–59 1960–61 | |


title: Anette Grecchi Gray

abstract: Anette Grecchi Gray is a chef, most recently the Chef de Cuisine of Jiko in Florida. Gray was born in Lucerne, Switzerland. She learned her cooking skills as an apprentice at the Hotel de la Balance in Les Breuleux, Switzerland. She joined the Walt Disney Company in 1992 as Chef de Cuisine at the Inventions Restaurant in the Disneyland Hotel at the Disneyland Resort Paris. She later moved to Florida where she has been a chef at several restaurants before moving into her current position. She is a member of American Women Chefs and Restaurateurs. In 1996, she was voted Chef of the Year by the Orlando Restaurant Forum. She left her position at Jiko in 2007 to take a position with Carlson Cos., owner of T.G.I.Friday's and other brands. There has been no official word on who will replace her.

text:
# Anette Grecchi Gray

**Anette Grecchi Gray** is a chef, most recently the Chef de Cuisine of Jiko in Florida.

Gray was born in Lucerne, Switzerland. She learned her cooking skills as an apprentice at the Hotel de la Balance in Les Breuleux, Switzerland.

She joined the Walt Disney Company in 1992 as Chef de Cuisine at the Inventions Restaurant in the Disneyland Hotel at the Disneyland Resort Paris. She later moved to Florida where she has been a chef at several restaurants before moving into her current position.

She is a member of American Women Chefs and Restaurateurs. In 1996, she was voted Chef of the Year by the Orlando Restaurant Forum.

She left her position at Jiko in 2007 to take a position with Carlson Cos., owner of T.G.I.Friday's and other brands. There has been no official word on who will replace her.


abstract: The Amalgamated Malleable Ironworkers of Great Britain was a trade union representing ironworkers in Great Britain. The union was founded by John Kane in 1862 as the Amalgamated Malleable Ironworkers. Kane became its first president and editor of its journal, which was initially known as Sons of Vulcan. He built membership up to 6,500, largely based in the north of England. In 1866, the union led a strike in opposition to pay cuts of between 10 and 60%. The strike was defeated after twenty weeks, and membership of the union fell to under 500. Undeterred by the near-collapse of the union, Kane convinced the remaining members to adopt a new constitution and a "of Great Britain" to the name of the union. He was elected as general secretary, and was able to rapidly increase membership, which reached 14,000 by 1871, and peaked at 35,000 in 1873. However, after this date, it faced increased competition, particular in Wales, where almost all of its members defected to the rival Independent Association of Tinplate Makers. Membership began to fall, particularly after Kane's death in 1876; it was only 5,000 in 1878, and just 1,200 in 1884. In an attempt to recruit more members, the union changed its rules in the 1880s, admitting steelworkers, and paying unemployment benefits, but this had little impact. Instead, general secretary Edward Trow founded a new union, the Associated Iron and Steel Workers of Great Britain. Most members of Malleable Ironworkers switched to the new union, the old union being formally merged in to the Associated Iron and Steel Workers in 1892.

text:
# Amalgamated Malleable Ironworkers of Great Britain

The **Amalgamated Malleable Ironworkers of Great Britain** was a trade union representing ironworkers in Great Britain.

The union was founded by John Kane in 1862 as the **Amalgamated Malleable Ironworkers**. Kane became its first president and editor of its journal, which was initially known as *Sons of Vulcan*. He built membership up to 6,500, largely based in the north of England. In 1866, the union led a strike in opposition to pay cuts of between 10 and 60%. The strike was defeated after twenty weeks, and membership of the union fell to under 500.

Undeterred by the near-collapse of the union, Kane convinced the remaining members to adopt a new constitution and a "of Great Britain" to the name of the union. He was elected as general secretary, and was able to rapidly increase membership, which reached 14,000 by 1871, and peaked at 35,000 in 1873. However, after this date, it faced increased competition, particular in Wales, where almost all of its members defected to the rival Independent Association of Tinplate Makers. Membership began to fall, particularly after Kane's death in 1876; it was only 5,000 in 1878, and just 1,200 in 1884.

In an attempt to recruit more members, the union changed its rules in the 1880s, admitting steelworkers, and paying unemployment benefits, but this had little impact. Instead, general secretary Edward Trow founded a new union, the Associated Iron and Steel Workers of Great Britain. Most members of Malleable Ironworkers switched to the new union, the old union being formally merged in to the Associated Iron and Steel Workers in 1892.

## General Secretaries

1868: John Kane 1876: Edward Trow

## Presidents

1862: John Kane 1868: ? 1872: Edward Trow 1874: William Aucott 1877: ?  1. Arthur Marsh and Victoria Ryan, *Historical Directory of Trade Unions*, vol.2, pp.270-271
2. Eric Taylor, "Trow, Edward (1833-99)", *Dictionary of Labour Biography*, vol.III, pp.187-192


title: Eburia distincta

abstract: Eburia distincta is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.

text:
# Eburia distincta

***Eburia distincta*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.

## InfoBox

| *Eburia distincta* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Eburia* |
| Species: | ***E. distincta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eburia distincta***<br>Haldeman, 1847 | |
|


title: Ian Birtwell

abstract: Ian Birtwell is an English rugby union coach and a former player. He played as a scrum-half for Sedgley Park RUFC. Professionally, he was a research scientist heading the pollution and Toxicology Unit at the Department of Fisheries and Oceans in West Vancouver. Birtwell played rugby union for Sedgley Park RUFC, a team in Manchester, arriving in Canada in 1972. He was a player at Meraloma Rugby, in Vancouver, later also being their coach. He was the coach of British Columbia from 1987 to 1989, and had the honour of coaching them in a match with New Zealand. Birtwell took office as head coach of Canada, in October 1989, leading them to the 1991 Rugby World Cup finals, where the "Maple Leafs", with an extraordinary team, reached the quarter-finals. He was also in charge at the 1995 Rugby World Cup finals, where Canada had to face a very strong group, winning only Romania, by 34-3. Nevertheless, they had close matches with both Australia, lost by 27-11, and South Africa, lost by 20-0. He left office in 1996, being replaced by Patrick Parfrey. Birtwell was briefly the interim head coach of Canada in 2001.

text:
# Ian Birtwell

**Ian Birtwell** (born 1944 (age 7980)) is an English rugby union coach and a former player. He played as a scrum-half for Sedgley Park RUFC. Professionally, he was a research scientist heading the pollution and Toxicology Unit at the Department of Fisheries and Oceans in West Vancouver.

Birtwell played rugby union for Sedgley Park RUFC, a team in Manchester, arriving in Canada in 1972. He was a player at Meraloma Rugby, in Vancouver, later also being their coach. He was the coach of British Columbia from 1987 to 1989, and had the honour of coaching them in a match with New Zealand.

Birtwell took office as head coach of Canada, in October 1989, leading them to the 1991 Rugby World Cup finals, where the "Maple Leafs", with an extraordinary team, reached the quarter-finals. He was also in charge at the 1995 Rugby World Cup finals, where Canada had to face a very strong group, winning only Romania, by 34-3. Nevertheless, they had close matches with both Australia, lost by 27-11, and South Africa, lost by 20-0. He left office in 1996, being replaced by Patrick Parfrey.

Birtwell was briefly the interim head coach of Canada in 2001.


title: Don't Worry 'Bout It

abstract: "Don't Worry 'Bout It" is a song by American hip hop recording artist 50 Cent, released on March 18, 2014 as the first single from his fifth studio album Animal Ambition (2014). The song features a guest verse by fellow American rapper Yo Gotti and was produced by Charli Brown Beatz. The music video on YouTube has received over 10 million views as of April 2024.

text:
# Don't Worry 'Bout It

"**Don't Worry 'Bout It**" is a song by American hip hop recording artist 50 Cent, released on March 18, 2014 as the first single from his fifth studio album *Animal Ambition* (2014). The song features a guest verse by fellow American rapper Yo Gotti and was produced by Charli Brown Beatz. The music video on YouTube has received over 10 million views as of April 2024.

## Track listing

Digital single

* "Don't Worry 'Bout It"

## Chart performance

| Chart (2014) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Urban Singles Chart (ARIA) | 32 |
| UK Singles (The Official Charts Company) | 165 |
| UK Hip Hop/R&B (OCC) | 30 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (*Billboard*) | 42 |
|

## InfoBox

| "Don't Worry 'Bout It" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by 50 Cent featuring Yo Gotti | |
| from the album  *Animal Ambition* | |
| Released | March 18, 2014 |
| Recorded | 2013 |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Length | 4:01 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Charli Brown Beatz |
|  | |
| 50 Cent singles chronology | |
| "We Up"
(2013) "**Don't Worry 'Bout It**"
(2014) "Hold On"
(2014) | |
| Yo Gotti singles chronology | |
| "Yayo"
(2014) "**Don't Worry 'Bout It**"
(2014) "Maybe"
(2014) | |
|  | |


title: Dvory (Nymburk District)

abstract: Dvory is a municipality and village in Nymburk District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.

text:
# Dvory (Nymburk District)

**Dvory** is a municipality and village in Nymburk District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.

## Administrative parts

The village of Veleliby is an administrative part of Dvory.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 353 |  |
| 1880 | 478 | +35.4% |
| 1890 | 556 | +16.3% |
| 1900 | 608 | +9.4% |
| 1910 | 584 | −3.9% |
| 1921 | 744 | +27.4% |
| 1930 | 766 | +3.0% |
| 1950 | 597 | −22.1% |
| 1961 | 666 | +11.6% |
| 1970 | 675 | +1.4% |
| 1980 | 641 | −5.0% |
| 1991 | 539 | −15.9% |
| 2001 | 531 | −1.5% |
| 2011 | 545 | +2.6% |
| 2021 | 547 | +0.4% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Dvory | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Church of Saint Wenceslaus in Veleliby | |
|  | |
| DvoryLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 50°12′42″N 14°59′44″E / 50.21167°N 14.99556°E / 50.21167; 14.99556 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Central Bohemian |
| District | Nymburk |
| First mentioned | 1553 |
| Area | |
| Total | 6.79 km2 (2.62 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 191 m (627 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 598 |
| Density | 88/km2 (230/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 288 02 |
| Website | www.dvory-veleliby.cz |


title: I'm a Rat

abstract: "I'm a Rat" is the fifth single by punk rock band Towers of London. It was taken from their debut album Blood, Sweat and Towers.

text:
# I'm a Rat

"**I'm a Rat**" is the fifth single by punk rock band Towers of London. It was taken from their debut album *Blood, Sweat and Towers*.

## Overview

Released on February 12, 2007 via independent label TVT Records, the single follows the theme of typical British Saturday night drinking culture. This single is also their first to be released in the United States. It reached number 46 on the UK Singles Chart.

Notably it is the Towers of London's first single since front man Donny Tourette emerged further into the spotlight as a pop culture star via appearances on *Celebrity Big Brother* and *Never Mind the Buzzcocks*.

Prior to release, author Stephen King named it as the 7th best song of 2006, "There is something to be said for straight puke-on-your-Dingo-boots rock & roll. Towers of London are mostly a joke, but this track — beginning with the shrieking air-raid siren — is... the real deal".

## Music video

The video for I'm a Rat was directed and edited by Living TV's award-winning promo maker Scott Russell, using stop motion photography.

## Different versions

The single has been released in various formats such as compact disc, vinyl, picture disc and mp3. Each format has a different track list, with unreleased songs on each one.

For the standard compact disc version, which featured the Tourette brother's faces on the cover, special features include the previously unreleased b-side track "*The Women I Love*". Along with two promotional videos, one for "*I'm a Rat*" and the other is "*Faster Than The Fastest Car*", another previously unreleased track. The vinyl variation (which has the same cover) featured unreleased bonus track "*The Popscene - Original Demo*".

A limited edition picture disc was also released, it featured guitarist The Rev and bassist Tommy Brunette on the cover instead, it also has a previously unreleased bonus; "*The Boy Who Found A Girl*".

## Track list

### Compact disc

1. "I'm a Rat"
2. "The Women I Love"
3. "Faster Than the Fastest Car" \[Video\]
4. "I'm a Rat" \[Video\]

### Vinyl record

1. "I'm a Rat"
2. "The Popscene" (Original Demo)

### Picture disc

1. "I'm a Rat"
2. "The Boy Who Found a Girl" (Exclusive Recording)

## InfoBox

| "I'm a Rat" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Towers of London | |
| from the album  *Blood, Sweat and Towers* | |
| Released | February 12, 2007 |
| Genre | Punk rock, hard rock |
| Label | TVT |
| Songwriter(s) | Francis Brannan, Patrick Brannan |
| Towers of London singles chronology | |
| "Air Guitar"
(2006) "**I'm a Rat**"
(2007) | |


title: I'm in the Mood (John Lee Hooker song)

abstract: "I'm in the Mood" is a blues song written and originally performed by John Lee Hooker, and first recorded by him in 1951. The original recording is reportedly one of the highest-selling blues records of all time.

text:
# I'm in the Mood (John Lee Hooker song)

"**I'm in the Mood**" is a blues song written and originally performed by John Lee Hooker, and first recorded by him in 1951. The original recording is reportedly one of the highest-selling blues records of all time.

## Original recording

The song was recorded by Hooker at the United Sound Systems recording studio in Detroit, Michigan in mid-August 1951, with second guitarist Eddie Kirkland. The session was run by record producer Bernard Besman, with sound engineer Joe Siracuse. Hooker claimed that the song was inspired by Glenn Miller's "In the Mood". Besman overdubbed two vocals by Hooker, one of the first times that technique had been used on record though it had been pioneered earlier by Les Paul. According to reviewer Richie Unterberger:

> The overdubs weren't entirely in sync either, creating what was then and still is an eerie effect, like that of a voice echoing around the inside of a water tower. The song's chief attributes, however, are Hooker's trademark footstomp timekeeping beats, and the stinging guitars (by both Hooker and second guitarist Eddie Kirkland). The melody of "I'm in the Mood" is minimal, as is the message, repeatedly coming back to an assured declaration that Hooker's in the mood for love. But the reward of "I'm in the Mood" is indeed the mood itself of the recording: stark, spooky, and earthy, the relatively sweetly crooned title-chorus making it more memorable than several other of Hooker's similar early recordings.

As with Hooker's earlier hit, "Boogie Chillen'", Besman leased the recording to Modern Records in Los Angeles, and a co-writing credit (and, hence, a share of royalties) for "I'm in the Mood" was given to "Jules Taub", a pseudonym used by one of Modern's owners, Jules Bihari. The record entered the *Billboard* Rhythm and Blues chart in October 1951, spending four weeks in the number one position from November, and reputedly selling a million copies.

## Later recordings

The song has been recorded by several other musicians including John Hammond Jr. (1967), Buddy Guy and Junior Wells (1981), and Jack Bruce and Gary Moore (2002).

It was also re-recorded by Hooker with Bonnie Raitt, on his 1989 album *The Healer*. Hooker said: "Bonnie had been doin' it herself on her shows, which I didn't know until she told me, and she had it down so *pat*. She said 'I'm gonna do that'n with you, 'I'm in the Mood'. If I ain't gonna do 'I'm in the Mood' I ain't gonna do nothin'', I said, 'Okay, Bonnie, you do it.'" Raitt described the recording, in a dimly-lit studio, as "one of the highest erotic experiences of my life." The song won a Grammy for Best Traditional Blues Recording in 1989.

## InfoBox

| "I'm in the Mood" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by John Lee Hooker | |
| B-side | "How Can You Do It" |
| Released | October 1951 |
| Recorded | August 1951 |
| Studio | United Sound Systems, Detroit, Michigan, U.S. |
| Genre | Blues |
| Length | 2:43 |
| Label | Modern |
| Songwriter(s) | John Lee Hooker |
| Producer(s) | Bernard Besman |


title: Lê Long Đĩnh

abstract: Lê Long Đĩnh, also known as Lê Ngọa Triều (黎臥朝), was the last emperor of the Early Lê dynasty of the kingdom of Đại Cồ Việt, ruling from 1005 to 1009. After killing his predecessor and brother Lê Long Việt, he took the throne and named his era Cảnh Thụy. His death at the age of 23 led to the fall of the Early Lê dynasty, and power was seized by the Lý dynasty. In some history books, he is portrayed as a self-indulgent and cruel emperor. However, a lot of temples were created where people still worship him, and recently, some historians have proved that some rumours about his ruling style were exaggerated, and possibly fabrications.

text:
# Lê Long Đĩnh

**Lê Long Đĩnh** (\[le lawŋm ɗǐŋ̟ˀ\]; , 15 November 986  19 November 1009), also known as **Lê Ngọa Triều** (黎臥朝), was the last emperor of the Early Lê dynasty of the kingdom of Đại Cồ Việt, ruling from 1005 to 1009. After killing his predecessor and brother Lê Long Việt, he took the throne and named his era Cảnh Thụy. His death at the age of 23 led to the fall of the Early Lê dynasty, and power was seized by the Lý dynasty. In some history books, he is portrayed as a self-indulgent and cruel emperor. However, a lot of temples were created where people still worship him, and recently, some historians have proved that some rumours about his ruling style were exaggerated, and possibly fabrications.

## Background

Lê Long Đĩnh, who was also named Lê Chí Trung (黎至忠), was born on 15 November 986 by the Western calendar. He was the fifth son of Emperor Lê Hoàn, but historians do not note the background of his mother, only information regarding a concubine. He was the half-brother of the duke of Nam Phong (*Nam Phong vương*), Lê Long Việt.

The *Complete Annals of Đại Việt* (*Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư*) recorded that in 992 he was granted the title *Prince of Khai Minh* (*Khai Minh Vương*, 開明王) and ruled over Đằng county (now Hưng Yên province). In 1004 the crown prince and duke of Kinh Thiên, Lê Long Khâu, died; the emperor made Lê Long Việt the crown prince of Đại Cồ Việt and Lê Long Đĩnh the duke of Khai Minh.

## Struggle for the throne

In 1005, Lê Hoàn died in Trường Xuân palace. Crown Prince Lê Long Việt contested the crown with his three brothers: Tích, Kính, and Đĩnh. The four princes pitted their armies against each other, plunging the country into civil war. In October 1005, Việt defeated Tích, forcing him to flee to Champa where he was subsequently killed by locals at the Cơ La estuary. The victorious Việt was proclaimed emperor with the title *Trung Tông hoàng đế* ('Emperor Trung Tông').

Three days after his ascension, however, Trung Tông was murdered by assassins in Lê Long Đĩnh's employ. All of his supporters fled except for Lý Công Uẩn, who embraced the body of the emperor and wept. In the winter of 1005, Lê Long Đĩnh took the throne with the regnal name *Khai Thiên Ứng Vận Thánh Văn Thần Vũ Tắc Thiên Sùng Đạo Đại Thắng Minh Quang Hiếu Hoàng đế* (開天應運聖文神武則天崇道大勝明光孝皇帝) and gave his mother the title *Hưng Quốc Quảng Thánh Hoàng Thái Hậu* (興國廣聖皇太后).

## Reign

### Foreign relations

After news of the death of Emperor Lê Hoàn in China, Song dynasty officials urged the Song emperor Taizong to dispatch forces to invade Đại Cồ Việt. However, Taizong chose to respect the tributary status that Đại Cồ Việt had towards the Song Empire, and he left the country alone. Some trading activities occurred between both nations.

### Sponsorship of Buddhism and education

In spring 1007, Lê Long Đĩnh ordered his brother to gift a white pangolin (or white rhinoceros) as a gift to the Song dynasty in exchange for Buddhist sutras to be sent to Vietnam. In the Vietnamese Buddhist records of Zen Buddhist Thích Mật Thể, in the 14th year of the Ứng Thiên era (1008), Lê Long Đĩnh sent an envoy to Song to pay tribute and asked for nine classic texts and sutras to take back to Vietnam. The Song emperor approved the request and gave the requested works to the Vietnamese ambassador. The nine classics included *I Ching*, *Classic of Poetry*, *Book of Documents*, *Book of Rites*, *Spring and Autumn Annals*, *Classic of Filial Piety*, *Analects*, and *Mencius*. These were the first classics of Chinese civilization to come to Vietnam.

## Controversies

According to the *Complete annals of Đại Việt*, Lê Long Đĩnh was one of the most brutal and sadistic rulers of Vietnam's dynastic era. His reign was considered a "reign of terror" at the time. He has been compared to the Roman emperors Caligula and Commodus in their traits of cruelty and paranoia.

He is alleged to have often executed innocent people who were condemned to death for entertaining purposes, by ways such as tying them with hay to burn to death, or by ordering an executioner called Liêu Thủ Tâm (廖守心) from Song China to mutilate victims to death slowly using dull swords and axes. When the victims cried out in agony, this executioner would manipulate the victims into thinking they were not dying. The emperor was said to have delighted in the deaths of his victims.

After capturing prisoners of war, he is said to have ordered his soldiers to march the prisoners to rivers and cram them into cages that were tied along the riverbanks. When the high tides came in at dusk, he would watch them drown slowly.

The emperor himself is said to have often stabbed livestock such as pigs or cows to death before he allowed servants to prepare them for feasts. At court banquets, he killed cats and served them to his guests and court officials and made them eat the cats. Afterwards, he would play around with their severed heads in front of the court audience, frightening them and reducing their chances of questioning him.

## Later life

According to historical records, he developed hemorrhoids and often held court while lying down, earning the popular name *Lê Ngọa Triều* (*ngọa* means 'lie' and *triều* means 'court'). He was not given a temple name because his successor ended the Early Lê dynasty and started the Lý dynasty.

He held the throne for four years, until 1009, when he died at the age of 23. His son Sạ was a child at the time, under the supervision of an official named Đào Cam Mộc (陶甘沐). When Lý Thái Tổ became emperor of the Lý dynasty, all the officials enthroned him without any debate, and the Early Lê dynasty was abolished after only three emperors.

1. Vĩnh Khang (26 May 2011). "Lê Long Đĩnh chết vì bệnh trĩ hay bị đầu độc?" \[Did Lê Long Đĩnh die of hemorrhoids or was he poisoned?\]. *Vietnam National Museum of History* (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 15 November 2017.
2. *Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư*, The Complete Book of Kỷ, Volume 1, Kỷ Lê Dynasty, Mục Ngoa Emperor's Dynasty (*Bản Kỷ Toàn Thư, Quyển 1, Kỷ nhà Lê, Mục Ngọa Triều Hoàng đế*).
3. According to the *Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục*, Prequel Records Volume 5, 31 (*Cương Mục, tiền biên V, 31*), Đằng Châu comprised "Đằng Châu commune, Kim Động district, and Hưng Yên province; the Trần dynasty called it Khoái Lộ, and the Lê dynasty called it Khoái Châu" (*là xã Đằng Châu, huyện Kim Động, tỉnh Hưng Yên nhà Trần gọi là Khoái Lộ, nhà Lê gọi là Khoái Châu*). The area now corresponds to Kim Động district, Khoái Châu and Văn Giang townships, Hưng Yên city, Hưng Yên province, and part of Thái Bình province.

## InfoBox

| Lê Long Đĩnh
黎龍鋌 | |
| --- | --- |
| *Emperor of Đại Cồ Việt* | |
| A statue of Lê Long Đĩnh in Hoa Lư | |
| Emperor of Đại Cồ Việt | |
| Reign | 10051009 |
| Predecessor | Lê Long Việt |
| Successor | Lý Thái Tổ of Later Lý Dynasty |
| Monarch of Early Lê dynasty | |
| Reign | 10051009 |
| Predecessor | Lê Long Việt |
| Successor | *dynasty abolished* |
|  | |
| Born | 15 November 986
Hoa Lư, Đại Cồ Việt |
| Died | 19 November 1009 (aged 23)
Hoa Lư, Đại Cồ Việt |
| Names  Lê Long Đĩnh (黎龍鋌)  Era dates  Ứng Thiên (應天)
Cảnh Thụy (景瑞)  Regnal name  Khai Thiên Ứng Vận Thánh Văn Thần Vũ Tắc Thiên Sùng Đạo Đại Thắng Minh Quang Hiếu Hoàng Đế (開天應運聖文神武則天崇道大勝明光孝皇帝)  Posthumous name  Ngọa Triều Hoàng Đế (臥朝皇帝) called by Lý Công Uẩn | |
| House |  |
| Father | Lê Đại Hành |
| Mother | Diệu Nữ |
| Religion | Buddhism |


title: I'm a Celebrity (album)

abstract: I'm a Celebrity is the seventh studio album by British pop group Right Said Fred. It yielded one single: "I'm a Celebrity". An exposé of celebrity life, it has gained airplay in both the United States and United Kingdom.

text:
# I'm a Celebrity (album)

***I'm a Celebrity*** is the seventh studio album by British pop group Right Said Fred. It yielded one single: "I'm a Celebrity". An exposé of celebrity life, it has gained airplay in both the United States and United Kingdom.

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |

## Track listing

1. "I'm a Celebrity"
2. "Melanie"
3. "I Am a Bachelor"
4. "Sex Is the Common Ground"
5. "Why Do I?"
6. "Lord Have Mercy"
7. "This Love"
8. "You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet"
9. "Without Thinking"
10. "Yellow Metal Car"
11. "Infected"
12. "Cherry Cherry"
13. "I'm Too Sexy" (Remix)

## InfoBox

| I'm a Celebrity | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Right Said Fred | |
| Released | 14 October 2008 |
| Recorded | 2007–08 |
| Genre | Pop rock |
| Label | Promark Music |
| Producer | Peo Haggstrom, Ricky Hanley |
| Right Said Fred chronology | |
| *For Sale*
(2006) ***I'm a Celebrity***
(2008) *Stop the World*
(2011) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *I'm a Celebrity* | |
| 1. "I'm a Celebrity"
Released: 2008 | |
|  | |


abstract: INSAM Institute for Contemporary Artistic Music is Bosnian/international institute for interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research in contemporary music and new artistic paradigms. It is based in Sarajevo. It is the only institute for contemporary music and art research in Bosnia and Herzegovina. INSAM Institute was founded in January, 2015.

text:
# INSAM Institute for Contemporary Artistic Music

**INSAM Institute for Contemporary Artistic Music** is Bosnian/international institute for interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research in contemporary music and new artistic paradigms. It is based in Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina). It is the only institute for contemporary music and art research in Bosnia and Herzegovina. INSAM Institute was founded in January, 2015.

## Purpose

INSAM Institute works on art and scientific research, publishing musical scores and scientific work, organizing concerts, performances, exhibitions, competitions, lectures and masterclasses, and supports projects of young artists and transdisciplinary researchers.

## Departments

INSAM Institute consists of seven departments:

* Composition
* INSAM Sound Lab
* Musical Robots Research Lab
* Instrumental Interpretation
* Research in Music, Art Theory / Transdisciplinary Research in Art
* Archive
* INSAM Visionary Platform

## INSAM Journal of Contemporary Music, Art and Technology

INSAM Journal of Contemporary Music, Art and Technology is an international peer reviewed journal dealing with topical issues in contemporary art music, visual and performing arts, and technology. The Journal is issued semi-annually (in July and December) in open access electronic form. INSAM Journal is indexed in CEEOL – Central and Eastern European Online Library and RILM – Répertoire International de Littérature Musicale

The Editor-in-Chief is Bojana Radovanović Notable contributors include:Miško Šuvaković, Ališer Sijarić, Roman Yampolskiy, Gennady Stolyarov II, Zoltan Istvan, Hanan Hadžajlić, Luba Elliott, Milan Milojković, Andreja Andrić, Daniel Becker, Asher Tobin Chodos.

## Members and advisors

INSAM Institute has more than 60 members and advisors from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro, Slovenia, Ireland, Germany, Denmark, Switzerland, France, United States, Australia.

## InfoBox

INSAM Institute for Contemporary Artistic Music
| Type | Research institute |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 2015 |
| Location | Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Website | www.insam-institute.com |


abstract: The ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing is the official journal of International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS), publishes scientific and technical articles and reviews in photogrammetry, remote sensing, and related fields. It is published by Elsevier and is edited by Clément Mallet and Qihao Weng. The journal was originally established as Internationales Archiv für Photogrammetrie in 1908, changing its name to Photogrammetria in 1938, and taking its current name in 1989.

text:
# ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

The ***ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing*** is the official journal of International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS), publishes scientific and technical articles and reviews in photogrammetry, remote sensing, and related fields. It is published by Elsevier and is edited by Clément Mallet (French National Institute of Geographic and Forestry Information, IGN) and Qihao Weng (Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University). The journal was originally established as ***Internationales Archiv für Photogrammetrie*** in 1908, changing its name to ***Photogrammetria*** in 1938, and taking its current name in 1989.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in the following bibliographic databases:

According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 11.774, ranking it 1st out of 50 journals in the category *Geography, Physical*.

## InfoBox

*ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing*
| Discipline | Photogrammetry, Remote sensing |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Clement Mallet; Qihao Weng |
| Publication details | |
| Former name(s) | Internationales Archiv für Photogrammetrie; Photogrammetria |
| History | 1908–present |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Frequency | Monthly |
| Impact factor | 11.774 (2021) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| *ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens.* | |
| CODEN | IRSEE9 |
| ISSN | 0924-2716 (print)
1872-8235 (web)
 |
| LCCN | 90656049 |
| OCLC no. | 23098894 |
| *Photogrammetria* | |
| ISSN | 0031-8663
 |
| OCLC no. | 162324628 |
| *Int. Arch. Photogramm.* | |
| LCCN | 22020600 |
| Links | |
|  | |


abstract: The ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information is a monthly peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal covering geo-information and related topics such as Cartography, geovisualization, and spatial analysis. The journal was established in 2012 and is published by MDPI on behalf of the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS). The editor-in-chief is Wolfgang Kainz.

text:
# ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information

The ***ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information*** is a monthly peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal covering geo-information and related topics such as Cartography, geovisualization, and spatial analysis. The journal was established in 2012 and is published by MDPI on behalf of the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS). The editor-in-chief is Wolfgang Kainz (University of Vienna).

## Abstracting and indexing

According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 3.4.

## InfoBox

*ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information*
| Discipline | Cartography, geovisualization, spatial analysis |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Wolfgang Kainz |
| Publication details | |
| History | 2012–present |
| Publisher | MDPI on behalf of the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing |
| Frequency | Monthly |
| Open access | Yes |
| License | CC BY 4.0 |
| Impact factor | 3.4 (2022) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 2220-9964
 |
| OCLC no. | 781712917 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: I'm in Love with a Girl

abstract: "I'm in Love with a Girl" is a song written by Alex Chilton that was first released by Big Star as the last song on their 1974 album Radio City. It was also released along with another short song, "Morpho Too", as the B-side of the lead single from Radio City, "O My Soul". "I'm in Love with a Girl" is less than two minutes long. Chiton performs the song by himself, singing and playing on an acoustic guitar. The Sun critic Daniel Cotter described it as a "gala swooning ballad." Allmusic critic Bill Janovitz described the song as "a graceful country-folk ballad" with "a wistful melody" sung "over a sparse guitar strum." The subject of the lyrics is a new love that took the singer by surprise. Big Star biographer Bruce Eaton described the song as "Chilton's paeon to new love, conveying an innocence that belied the dark clouds that were already close on the horizon." Both Eaton and Chilton biographer Holly George-Warren noted that the "I'm in Love with a Girl" echoes the sentiment of an earlier Big Star song, "Thirteen", which also had a folk music-like melody and used acoustic guitar. Janowitz considered the song to be "a stunning punctuation" to Radio City, with "lovely, simple and direct" melody and lyrics. Music journalist John M. Borack considered "I'm in Love with a Girl" and the short song that precedes it on Radio City, "Morpho Too", to be "perfect closers to the album." Borack described "I'm in Love with a Girl" as "casual" and "understated". George-Warren described the song as "seventy seconds of hope." Classic Rock History critic Brian Kachejian rated it as Big Star's 6th best song, saying that the opening instrumental sounds like the Byrds or Bob Dylan, but that Chilton's vocal phrasing may have influenced Nirvana's Kurt Cobain. SingersRoom critic Simon Robinson rated it Big Star's 4th best song, saying that "The song features a simple, stripped-down arrangement that puts the focus squarely on Chilton’s plaintive vocals and the tender, introspective lyrics. Lines like 'I’m in love with a girl, who’s in love with the world' and 'She makes me feel like I’m the only one in the world' perfectly capture the sense of vulnerability and longing that comes with falling deeply in love." Robinson particularly praised the song's "emotional power and depth of feeling." A live version of "I'm in Love with a Girl" was released on Big Star's live album Live, recorded in 1974 and released in 1992.

text:
# I'm in Love with a Girl

"**I'm in Love with a Girl**" is a song written by Alex Chilton that was first released by Big Star as the last song on their 1974 album *Radio City*. It was also released along with another short song, "Morpho Too", as the B-side of the lead single from *Radio City*, "O My Soul".

"I'm in Love with a Girl" is less than two minutes long. Chiton performs the song by himself, singing and playing on an acoustic guitar. *The Sun* critic Daniel Cotter described it as a "gala swooning ballad." *Allmusic* critic Bill Janovitz described the song as "a graceful country-folk ballad" with "a wistful melody" sung "over a sparse guitar strum." The subject of the lyrics is a new love that took the singer by surprise. Big Star biographer Bruce Eaton described the song as "Chilton's paeon to new love, conveying an innocence that belied the dark clouds that were already close on the horizon." Both Eaton and Chilton biographer Holly George-Warren noted that the "I'm in Love with a Girl" echoes the sentiment of an earlier Big Star song, "Thirteen", which also had a folk music-like melody and used acoustic guitar.

Janowitz considered the song to be "a stunning punctuation" to *Radio City*, with "lovely, simple and direct" melody and lyrics. Music journalist John M. Borack considered "I'm in Love with a Girl" and the short song that precedes it on *Radio City*, "Morpho Too", to be "perfect closers to the album." Borack described "I'm in Love with a Girl" as "casual" and "understated". George-Warren described the song as "seventy seconds of hope." *Classic Rock History* critic Brian Kachejian rated it as Big Star's 6th best song, saying that the opening instrumental sounds like the Byrds or Bob Dylan, but that Chilton's vocal phrasing may have influenced Nirvana's Kurt Cobain. *SingersRoom* critic Simon Robinson rated it Big Star's 4th best song, saying that "The song features a simple, stripped-down arrangement that puts the focus squarely on Chilton’s plaintive vocals and the tender, introspective lyrics. Lines like 'I’m in love with a girl, who’s in love with the world' and 'She makes me feel like I’m the only one in the world' perfectly capture the sense of vulnerability and longing that comes with falling deeply in love." Robinson particularly praised the song's "emotional power and depth of feeling."

A live version of "I'm in Love with a Girl" was released on Big Star's live album *Live*, recorded in 1974 and released in 1992.

## InfoBox

| "I'm in Love with a Girl" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Big Star | |
| from the album  *Radio City* | |
| A-side | "O My Soul" |
| Released | 1974 |
| Recorded | 1973 |
| Genre | Power pop |
| Length | 1:45 |
| Label | Ardent |
| Songwriter(s) | Alex Chilton |
| Producer(s) | John Fry and Big Star |


title: Léonce Laugier

abstract: Jean Joseph Marie Léonce Laugier was Governor General for Inde française in the Second French Colonial Empire under Third Republic.

text:
# Léonce Laugier

**Jean Joseph Marie Léonce Laugier** was Governor General for Inde française in the Second French Colonial Empire under Third Republic.

## Biography

Laugier was born on March 26, 1829, in Draguignan, France, to Joseph Honoré Isidore Laugier, a lawyer, and Marguerite Françoise Gattier. In 1868, he became Secretary General of the Interior in Cochinchina. During his time in Cochinchina, he received the Royal Order of Cambodia. On March 9, 1871, he was appointed Director of Interior Services in Réunion. He then received the Legion of Honour on August 7, 1877. He became Governor of French India in February 1879, a post he held until April of 1881. After retiring, Laugier died on June 22, 1900, in his hometown of Draguignan.

## Titles held

## InfoBox

| Léonce Laugier | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Gouverneur Général de l'Inde française | |
| **In office**
1879–1881 | |
| Governor of Guadeloupe | |
| **In office**
1880–1886 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | March 26, 1829
Draguignan, France |
| Died | June 22, 1900
Draguignan, France |
|  | |


title: Léonce Girardot

abstract: Léonce Girardot was a French racing driver. He drove for Panhard & Levassor, the leading brand of this era and his strongest competitors were his teammates Fernand Charron and René de Knyff. His first major race came in the 1897 season, when in the Paris-Dieppe race he took sixteenth place. Twenty-fourth place in the 1897 Paris-Trouville and the retirement from the first race in the next season 1898 Paris-Bourdeaux followed before Girardot finished in second place in the 1898 Paris–Amsterdam–Paris. He continued with the same result at the Tour de France for automobiles in 1899 and Paris-Lyon 1900. In 1901, he won the Gordon Bennett Trophy race, although he was the only one who finished from the field of three cars that entered. He finished in second place in the 1901 Paris-Berlin race. In 1901, he founded the race car company Charron, Girardot et Voigt (C.G.V.) along with his teammates Charron and Émile Voigt. These cars proved unreliable, and it was only at the 1903 Ardennes race he finished, taking second position. After an accident in the French trials for 1905 Gordon Bennett Cup which he only just survived, he ended his racing career. He patented an improved friction-clutch for motor cars in 1905, under US Patent number: 787031. Léonce Girardot died in 1922.

text:
# Léonce Girardot

**Léonce Girardot** (30 April 1864 – 7 September 1922) was a French racing driver. He drove for Panhard & Levassor, the leading brand of this era and his strongest competitors were his teammates Fernand Charron and René de Knyff.

His first major race came in the 1897 season, when in the Paris-Dieppe race he took sixteenth place. Twenty-fourth place in the 1897 Paris-Trouville and the retirement from the first race in the next season 1898 Paris-Bourdeaux followed before Girardot finished in second place in the 1898 Paris–Amsterdam–Paris. He continued with the same result at the Tour de France for automobiles in 1899 and Paris-Lyon 1900. In 1901, he won the Gordon Bennett Trophy race, although he was the only one who finished from the field of three cars that entered. He finished in second place in the 1901 Paris-Berlin race.

In 1901, he founded the race car company Charron, Girardot et Voigt (C.G.V.) along with his teammates Charron and Émile Voigt. These cars proved unreliable, and it was only at the 1903 Ardennes race he finished, taking second position. After an accident in the French trials for 1905 Gordon Bennett Cup which he only just survived, he ended his racing career.

He patented an improved friction-clutch for motor cars in 1905, under US Patent number: 787031.

Léonce Girardot died in 1922.


title: INS Magar (L20)

abstract: INS Magar was the lead ship of Magar-class amphibious warfare vessels of the Indian Navy. She was built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers, Kolkata and was commissioned by Admiral R.H. Tahiliani, Chief of the Naval Staff on 15 July 1987. The ship has a length of 120 metres and a beam of 17.5 metres. The main weapon systems of the ship consist of CRN 91 Guns, chaff launcher (Kavach) and the WM-18A Rocket launcher. The ship also carries four landing craft vehicle personnel (LCVP) on board, which can be used for the landing of troops.

text:
# INS Magar (L20)

**INS *Magar*** was the lead ship of *Magar*-class amphibious warfare vessels of the Indian Navy. She was built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers, Kolkata and was commissioned by Admiral R.H. Tahiliani, Chief of the Naval Staff on 15 July 1987. The ship has a length of 120 metres and a beam of 17.5 metres. The main weapon systems of the ship consist of CRN 91 Guns, chaff launcher (Kavach) and the WM-18A Rocket launcher. The ship also carries four landing craft vehicle personnel (LCVP) on board, which can be used for the landing of troops.

## History

The major operations undertaken by the ship include Operation Pawan (Indian Peace Keeping Force operations in Sri Lanka), wherein she played a pivotal role in movement of logistics supplies to the area of operations, to support the IPKF land forces.

In the wake of the 2004 Tsunami, the ship had provided relief for over 1,300 survivors.

On 22 February 2006, at around 5 pm local time, an accidental fire broke out on the ship. It was caused while the ship was engaged in dumping expired ammunition, and one of the boxes of ammunition caught fire. At the time of the accident, the Magar was in the Bay of Bengal, around 40 nautical miles (70 km) from Visakhapatnam. Casualties included three deaths and a further nineteen sailors sustaining injuries. The injured were rushed to a naval hospital in Visakhapatnam by the Sea King helicopter on board.

In April 2018, the ship changed base port to Kochi, the Indian Navy's training command. She underwent modifications and joined First Training Squadron for training sea officers.

In May 2020, INS Jalashwa and INS Magar were dispatched to Malé, the capital of the Maldives, as part of Phase-I of the evacuation of stranded Indians under Operation Samudra Setu during the Covid pandemic.

After 36 years of service, INS Magar was decommissioned on 6 May 2023.

## InfoBox

| INS *Magar* with INS *Sujata* at sea | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| India | |
| Name | INS *Magar* |
| Namesake | Muggar crocodile |
| Builder |  |
| Commissioned | 15 July 1987 |
| Decommissioned | 6 May 2023 |
| Homeport | Kochi, Southern Naval Command |
| Identification | Pennant number: L20 |
| Status | Decommissioned |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Magar*-class amphibious warfare vessel |
| Displacement | 5,665 tonnes (6,245 short tons) (full load) |
| Length | 120 metres (390 ft) |
| Beam | 17.5 metres (57 ft) |
| Draft | 4 metres (13 ft) |
| Ramps | Bow doors |
| Propulsion | 2 × 8,560 horsepower (6,380 kW) sustained diesel engine |
| Speed | 15 knots (28 km/h) |
| Range | 3,000 miles (2,600 nmi) @ 14 knots (26 km/h) |
| Boats & landing
craft carried | 4 x LCVPs |
| Capacity | 15 Tanks, 8 APCs |
| Troops | 500 |
| Complement | 136 (incl 16 officers) |
| Sensors and
processing systems | 1 x BEL 1245 navigation radar |
| Electronic warfare
& decoys | BEL Ajanta as intercept |
| Armament | * 4 × Bofors 40 mm/60 guns * 2 × 122 mm multiple-barrel rocket launchers |
| Aircraft carried | 1 x Sea King |
| Aviation facilities | 2 x helicopter platforms |


title: M. Thennavan

abstract: M. Thennavan is an Indian politician and Former Minister and Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (Jayalalitha) candidate from Ramanathapuram constituency in 1991 election.

text:
# M. Thennavan

**M. Thennavan** is an Indian politician and Former Minister and Member of the Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu. He was elected to the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly as an Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (Jayalalitha) candidate from Ramanathapuram constituency in 1991 election.

## Personal life

He was born in Kallikudi, Ramnad district. His father name is Muthalagu Pillai and his mother name is Pechiyammal. He is the only son of his family. He is now in the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Party and having a post of Ilakkiya Ani Thalaivar. His wife's name is Mariyammal Thennavan and he lives in Karaikkudi as of now.

## InfoBox

| M. Thennavan | |
| --- | --- |
| M. Thennavan | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Muthalagu Pillai Thennavan
Ramanad, Tamil Nadu, India |
| Political party | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |
| Spouse | Mariyammal Thennavan |
| Children | Ramajeyam
Sudha
Ilakkiya |
| Parents | * Muthalagu Pillai (father) * Pechiyammal (mother) |
| Residence(s) | Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India |
| Occupation | Politician |
|  | |


title: Léon Bonnat

abstract: Léon Joseph Florentin Bonnat was a French painter, Grand Officer of the Légion d'honneur, art collector and professor at the Ecole des Beaux Arts.

text:
# Léon Bonnat

**Léon Joseph Florentin Bonnat** (20 June 1833 – 8 September 1922) was a French painter, Grand Officer of the Légion d'honneur, art collector and professor at the Ecole des Beaux Arts.

## Early life

Bonnat was born in Bayonne, but from 1846 to 1853 he lived in Madrid, where his father owned a bookshop. While tending his father's shop, he copied engravings of works by the Old Masters, developing a passion for drawing. In Madrid he received his artistic training under Madrazo. He later worked in Paris, where he became known as a leading portraitist, never without a commission. His many portraits show the influence of Velázquez, Jusepe de Ribera and other Spanish masters, as well as Titian and Van Dyke, whose works he studied in the Prado, which placed him at the forefront of painting in France in the 1850s, opposing neoclassicism and academicism. Following the period in Spain, Bonnat worked the studios of the history painters Paul Delaroche and Leon Cogniet (1854) in Paris. Despite repeated attempts, he failed to win the prix de Rome, finally receiving only a second prize. However, a scholarship from his native Bayonne and support from the Personnaz family allowed him to spend three years in Rome (1858–60) independently where he and Antonin Personnaz became lifetime friends. During his stay in Rome, he also became friends with Edgar Degas, Gustave Moreau, Jean-Jacques Henner and the sculptor Henri Chapu.

## Career

Bonnat won a medal of honour in Paris in 1869, going on to become one of the leading artists of his day. Bonnat went on to win the Grand Officer of the Légion d'honneur and became a professor at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in 1882. Bonnat was quite popular with American students in Paris. In addition to his native French, he spoke Spanish and Italian and knew English well, to the relief of many monolingual Americans. In May 1905 he succeeded Paul Dubois as director of the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. Julius Kaplan characterised Bonnat as "a liberal teacher who stressed simplicity in art above high academic finish, as well as overall effect rather than detail." Bonnat's emphasis on overall effect on the one hand, and rigorous drawing on the other, put him in a middle position with respect to the Impressionists and academic painters like his friend Jean-Léon Gérôme. In 1917, Bonnat was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Honorary Corresponding member.

## Paintings

Bonnat's vivid portraits of contemporary celebrities are his most characteristic works, but his most important works are arguably his powerful religious paintings, such as his *Christ on the Cross* (now in the collection of the Musée du Petit Palais in Paris, but not currently on display), *Job* (in the Musée Bonnat), *St Vincent Taking the Place of Two Galley Slaves* (at the church of Saint-Nicholas des Champs in Paris), and the large *Martyrdom of St Denis* for the Pantheon in Paris. However, he received few commissions for religious and historical paintings, and most of his output consists of portraits. He also produced genre paintings of Italian peasants, and a small number of Orientalist scenes.

The writers Émile Zola and Théophile Gautier were among Bonnat's supporters. Gautier hailed him as "the antithesis of Bouguereau," because of the stark naturalism and lack of surface finish that characterize Bonnat's work. Bonnat was an academic painter. He was a member of the Institute, one of the only 14 painters who had administrative power over the Academy des Beaux Arts and thereby the Ecole des Beaux Arts. He had friends and connections among the independent artists of his time as well, such as Edgar Degas, whom he met during his stay in Rome and who painted two portraits of Bonnat, and Édouard Manet, who shared his predilection for Spanish painting. He taught together with Pierre Puvis de Chavannes in the private atelier he ran before becoming professor at the École. He supported Auguste Rodin's candidacy for the Institut, and defended Gustave Courbet's submissions to the salon.

## Teacher

As a teacher he encouraged freedom of expression and execution. He recommended traveling to Madrid to visit the Prado Museum, and introduced in Paris the tendency paint in the Spanish way, which influenced the evolution of French painting.

Some of Bonnat's more notable students include: John Singer Sargent, Stanhope Forbes, Gustave Caillebotte, Prince Eugen, Duke of Närke, Gustaf Cederström, Laurits Tuxen, P. S. Krøyer, Suzor-Coté, Robert Harris, Alfred Philippe Roll, Georges Braque, Thomas Eakins, Raoul Dufy, Jean Béraud, Franklin Brownell, Marius Vasselon, Hubert-Denis Etcheverry, Fred Barnard, Louis Béroud, Paul de la Boulaye, Aloysius O'Kelly, Erik Werenskiold, Graciano Mendilaharzu, Edvard Munch, Alphonse Osbert, Henry Siddons Mowbray, Francis Petrus Paulus, Charles Sprague Pearce, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Manuel Cusí y Ferret, Hyakutake Kaneyuki, Nils Forsberg, Walter Tyndale, Émile-Louis Foubert, and Harry Watrous.

## Later years

In his last years his painting evolved, from the influence of seventeenth-century painters and Goya, towards a more modern freedom of execution, scratching the brush and using the spatula, as well as a more colorful color gamut, as can be seen in his *Self-portrait* of the Prado Museum. In a gesture of gratitude for the help he had been provided in his youth and with the assistance of Antonin Personnaz, Bonnat built a museum in his native city of Bayonne, the Musée Bonnat. Most of the works in the museum are from the personal collections of Bonnat and Personnaz, amassed over a lifetime of travelling around Europe. It includes an exceptionally fine collection of Old Master drawings from Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo to Ingres and Géricault. Bonnat died on 8 September 1922 at Monchy-Saint-Éloi, and was buried at the Cimitiére Saint-Etienne, Bayonne.

## Personal life

Bonnat never married, and lived for much of his life with his mother and sister in the Place Vintimille (renamed Place Adolphe-Max in 1940).

## Honours

## Criticisms

"We wonder why Velázquez's infant has fake shoulders and why the head doesn't join properly...And how good it looks. While a head by Bonnat joins actual shoulders...And how bad it looks!" – Paul Gauguin (from *Ramblings of a Wannabe Painter* Publication 2017, David Zwirner Books)

* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bonnat, Léon Joseph Florentin". *Encyclopædia Britannica* (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

| Léon Bonnat | |
| --- | --- |
| Self-portrait (c.1855) | |
| Born | Léon Joseph Florentin Bonnat
20 June 1833
Bayonne, France |
| Died | 8 September 1922(1922-09-08) (aged 89)
Monchy-Saint-Éloi, France |
| Nationality | French |
| Known for | Painter |


title: I Am Arrows

abstract: I Am Arrows is an indie rock band founded by former Razorlight drummer Andy Burrows in June 2009. Eleven days after he left Razorlight, it was revealed that Burrows had signed to Universal Records – the same record label as his ex-band.

text:
# I Am Arrows

**I Am Arrows** is an indie rock band founded by former Razorlight drummer Andy Burrows in June 2009. Eleven days after he left Razorlight, it was revealed that Burrows had signed to Universal Records – the same record label as his ex-band.

## Live

Although Andy Burrows wrote and recorded the album by himself, the band includes his younger brother, Ben (bass & backing vocals), brothers Adam and Ben Chetwood (lead guitar and drums, respectively) and Nick Hill (guitar and backing vocals)

The band played a summer residency at the Old Blue Last pub in Shoreditch through June and July 2010 and also played the Wickerman festival, along with supporting Muse at Stade De France in Paris and at the Wembley stadium in September.

I Am Arrows completed a 9-date full UK tour in September 2010. In March 2011 I am arrows supported Editors in a charity gig for Teenage Cancer Trust.

## Record of the week

I Am Arrows' single "Green Grass" was made BBC Radio 2 record of the week, it was also record of the week for Xfm and BBC 6 music. The single charted on the UK Singles Chart at #64 in August 2010.

## Discography

## Movies

Their song "Nice Try" is featured in the movie *Friends with Benefits*. Their song "Green Grass" was also featured in the third series of the British sitcom The Inbetweeners.

.

## InfoBox

| I Am Arrows | |
| --- | --- |
| I Am Arrows on the location for their first video | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | United Kingdom |
| Genres | Indie pop |
| Years active | 2009–present (2009–present) |
| Labels | Universal |
|  | |
| Members | Andy Burrows
Ben Burrows
Adam Chetwood
Ben Chetwood
Nick Hill |
|  | |
| Website | www.iamarrows.com |


title: I Can Speak

abstract: I Can Speak is a 2017 South Korean comedy-drama film based on a true story of comfort women directed by Kim Hyun-seok and distributed by Lotte Entertainment. The genre of the film are both comedy and drama. The film depicts the story of the resolution of conviction for “comfort women” (HR121) of the Japanese military in 2007. Though the film is a comedy, the genre serves as a vehicle to discuss the deeper topic of Korean comfort women. The way that film illustrated Na Ok-Bun's enterprising attitude of her life and her courageously testifying in front of the whole world were applauded. The film stars Na Moon-hee as Na Ok-Bun, with Lee Je-hoon as Park Min-Jae. The scene of Na Ok-Bun's testimony to the United States Congress was filmed at the Capitol Building of Virginia, in the city of Richmond.

text:
# I Can Speak

***I Can Speak*** is a 2017 South Korean comedy-drama film based on a true story of comfort women directed by Kim Hyun-seok and distributed by Lotte Entertainment. The genre of the film are both comedy and drama. The film depicts the story of the resolution of conviction for “comfort women” (HR121) of the Japanese military in 2007. Though the film is a comedy, the genre serves as a vehicle to discuss the deeper topic of Korean comfort women. The way that film illustrated Na Ok-Bun's enterprising attitude of her life and her courageously testifying in front of the whole world were applauded. The film stars Na Moon-hee as Na Ok-Bun, with Lee Je-hoon as Park Min-Jae. The scene of Na Ok-Bun's testimony to the United States Congress was filmed at the Capitol Building of Virginia, in the city of Richmond.

## Plot

Nah Ok-Bun is an elderly woman who is notorious for filing citizen's complaint at her district office and is nicknamed "Goblin Granny". When Ok-Bun meets Park Min Jae, a young man who has recently been appointed as a junior civil service officer, she is dissatisfied with his attitude of not caring about her complaints and only trying to do the jobs that are assigned to him.

But there is an opportunity for these two as Ok-Bun wants to learn English. The senior class run by the local resident center does not fit her level, and the class at the English academy is too fast-paced and so she is eventually kicked out of the class. Ok-Bun sees Min Jae speaking English very fluently with a native speaker in the academy. Forgetting all the troubles she had with Min Jae, Ok-Bun asks Min Jae to teach her English. Min Jae refuses Ok-Bun's request because he does not want to take on the troublesome role. When Min Jae sees Ok-Bun taking care of his younger brother, Young Jae, he is moved by her warmth and agrees to become her English teacher. Min Jae teaches Ok-Bun and Ok-Bun's English improves.

Min Jae learns that Ok-Bun wishes to learn English to continue her friend Jeong-Shim's dream of testifying at the comfort women public hearing in Washington D.C. Ok-Bun and Jeong-Shim were both victims of the Japanese Military during World War II. Although Ok-Bun has prepared what to say in the public hearing, she can hardly speak as she is overwhelmed by the pressure she feels in the unfamiliar surroundings. When people start to question Ok-Bun's behavior, she hears and sees Min Jae in the audience which gives her the courage to testify against the atrocities of the Japanese Military.

## Cast

### Main

A frequent trouble making visitor at the local public government office who has filed over 8,000 civil complaints. A ninth-level civil servant who befriends Na Ok-Bun and teaches her English

### Supporting

## Reception

*I Can Speak* was released in theaters in Korea on September 21, 2017. On its opening weekend it topped the local box office, grossing US$5.2 million from 727,000 admissions over four days. By September 29, 2017, the film had surpassed the 1 million viewer mark and collected a total of US$8.1 million in ticket sales. During the Korean Chuseok holiday weekend, the movie attracted 462,939 viewers, increasing the total number of ticket sale to 2.86 million. According to the Korean Film Council, just twenty days after its release, *I Can Speak* had attracted 3 million viewers.

The film has won the prize for the “Comfort Women” victim scenario project which was sponsored by the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family. It was selected through a competition rate of 75: 1. The film was praised for its lively approach to the issue of comfort women which is based on anger and sadness. It was also selected for family film production support of Korean Film Council.

## Awards and nominations

| Award ceremony | Category | Recipient(s) | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1st The Seoul Awards | Best Actress | Na Moon-hee | Won |  |
| | Best New Actress | Lee Sang-hee | Nominated | |
| 11th Asia Pacific Screen Awards | Best Actress | Na Moon-hee | Nominated |  |
| 37th Korean Association of Film Critics Awards | Best Actress | | Won |  |
| | Top 10 Films of the Year | *I Can Speak* | | Won |
| 38th Blue Dragon Film Awards | Best Director | Kim Hyun-seok | Won |  |
| | Best Leading Actress | Na Moon-hee | Won | |
| | | Popular Star Award | Won | |
| | Best Supporting Actress | Yeom Hye-ran | Nominated | |
|
| 17th Director's Cut Awards | Films of the Year | *I Can Speak* | Won |  |
| | Best Actress | Na Moon-hee | Won | |
| | | 4th Korean Film Producers Association Awards | Won |  |
| 18th Women in Film Korea Awards | | Woman in Film of the Year | Won |  |
| Cine 21 Awards | Best Director | Kim Hyun-seok | Won |  |
| | Best Actress | Na Moon-hee | Won |  |
| | | 9th KOFRA Film Awards | Won |  |
| 54th Baeksang Arts Awards | | Best Actress | Won |  |
| | Best Supporting Actress | Yeom Hye-ran | | Nominated |
| 23rd Chunsa Film Art Awards | Best Screenplay | Yoo Seung-hee | Nominated |  |
| | Best Actress | Na Moon-hee | Nominated | |
| | | 27th Buil Film Awards | Nominated |  |
| | Best Screenplay | | Yoo Seung-hee | Nominated |
| | | 55th Grand Bell Awards | Nominated |  |
| | Best Actress | | Na Moon-hee | Won |
| 1st Resistance Film Festival in Korea | Best Actor | Lee Je-hoon | Won |  |
|

## InfoBox

| I Can Speak | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
|  | |
| Hangul | 아이 캔 스피크 |
| Revised Romanization | *Ai Kaen Seupikeu* |
|  | |
| Directed by | Kim Hyun-seok |
| Written by | Yoo Seung-hee |
| Produced by | Lee Ha-young |
| Starring | Na Moon-hee
Lee Je-hoon |
| Cinematography | You Yok |
| Edited by | Kim Sang-bum
Kim Jae-bum |
| Music by | Lee Dong-joon |
| Production
companies | Myung Films
See Sun |
| Distributed by | Lotte Entertainment
Little Big Pictures |
| Release date | * September 21, 2017 (2017-09-21) |
| Running time | 119 minutes |
| Country | South Korea |
| Languages | Korean
English |
| Box office | US$23.3 million |


title: I Can Sleep When I'm Dead

abstract: "I Can Sleep When I'm Dead" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Jason Michael Carroll. It was released in February 2008 as the third single from his album Waitin' in the Country. It peaked at number 21 on the Billboard country charts. The song was written by Carroll, Rivers Rutherford and Jim Collins.

text:
# I Can Sleep When I'm Dead

"**I Can Sleep When I'm Dead**" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Jason Michael Carroll. It was released in February 2008 as the third single from his album *Waitin' in the Country*. It peaked at number 21 on the *Billboard* country charts. The song was written by Carroll, Rivers Rutherford and Jim Collins.

## Content

The song is an up-tempo accompanied largely by electric guitar, in which the central character is kept awake due to a lifestyle of constant nighttime partying. As a result, he does not have any time set aside for sleeping, thus claiming that he can "sleep when \[he's\] dead". The song's title was inspired by a comment which Carroll made to a friend, describing his own attempts to maintain his career in country music while raising four children at the same time.

## Reception

Engine 145 reviewer Matt C. gave the song a "thumbs up" rating. He described the song as "a rather surreal experience for me, as I’m used to hearing 'I can sleep when I'm dead' from workaholics who are referring to anything but painting up the town" but added, "It’s hard not to smile at the image of Jason Michael Carroll racing his paperboy home and his baritone voice sounds really great on this track. If we must have country rock, this is what it should be: this song's loud, but in a country kind of way."

## Music video

A music video was made for the song in June 2008. It was directed by David McClister, who also directed the video for Carroll's 2007 single "Livin' Our Love Song".

## Chart performance

| Chart (2008) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Hot Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 21 |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (*Billboard*) | 15 |

## InfoBox

| "I Can Sleep When I'm Dead" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Jason Michael Carroll | |
| from the album  *Waitin' in the Country* | |
| Released | February 4, 2008 (2008-02-04) |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 3:21 |
| Label | Arista Nashville |
| Songwriter(s) | Jim Collins
Rivers Rutherford
Jason Michael Carroll |
| Producer(s) | Don Gehman |
| Jason Michael Carroll singles chronology | |
| "Livin' Our Love Song"
(2007) "**I Can Sleep When I'm Dead**"
(2008) "Where I'm From"
(2008) | |


title: I Think We're All Bozos on This Bus

abstract: I Think We're All Bozos on This Bus is the fourth comedy album made by the Firesign Theatre for Columbia Records, released in August 1971 on standard stereo vinyl LP, and Quadraphonic LP and 8-track tape. It was nominated for a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation in 1972 by the World Science Fiction Society. The title comes from a line spoken by one of the two main characters, and contains a pun on the term computer bus since the story parodies then-developing computer technology. It also parodies Walt Disney parks.

text:
# I Think We're All Bozos on This Bus

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *The New Rolling Stone Record Guide* |  |
| *The Village Voice* | B− |

***I Think We're All Bozos on This Bus*** is the fourth comedy album made by the Firesign Theatre for Columbia Records, released in August 1971 on standard stereo vinyl LP, and Quadraphonic LP and 8-track tape. It was nominated for a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation in 1972 by the World Science Fiction Society.

The title comes from a line spoken by one of the two main characters, and contains a pun on the term *computer bus* since the story parodies then-developing computer technology. It also parodies Walt Disney parks.

## Plot

This album, like its predecessor *Don't Crush That Dwarf, Hand Me the Pliers*, is one complete narrative that covers both sides of one LP. The first LP side is 20 minutes 51 seconds, and the second side is 18 minutes 7 seconds.

Side one starts with an audio segue from the end of *Don't Crush That Dwarf, Hand Me the Pliers*: the music box tune played by the ice cream truck chased by George Tirebiter is heard approaching, played this time by a bus announcing a free Future Fair, which it touts as "a fair for all, and no fare to anybody". A trio of computer-generated holograms pop up outside the bus: the Whispering Squash (Phil Austin), the Lonesome Beet (David Ossman), and Artie Choke (Peter Bergman), singing "We're back from the shadows again" to the tune of Gene Autry's "Back in the Saddle Again". They encourage the onlookers to attend the fair, which the Beet describes as "technical stimulation" and "government-inflicted simulation". Then they disappear "back to the shadows again". A young man named Clem (Philip Proctor) boards and takes a seat next to Barney (Austin), an older man who identifies himself as a bozo (A person with a large nose that honks when squeezed. FST later revealed that "bozo" is an acronym for "brotherhood of zips and others," and that a "zip" is the type of person who enjoys doing their own taxes.); he says, "I think we're *all* bozos on this bus." After a stewardess tells the passengers to prepare for "a period of simulated exhilaration", broadcaster Floyd Dan (Bergman) tells them they are riding the rim of the Grand Canyon, the floor of which is five thousand feet below. The "bus" is apparently some sort of hybrid vehicle that can travel on the ground, yet turn into a jet plane which takes off for a "flight to the future".

As Clem and Barney disembark at the fair, a public address announcer directs all bozos to report for cloning, so Barney leaves Clem. The Lonesome Beet pops up and recommends Clem visit the Wall of Science. He boards a moving walkway taking him to the exhibit, which opens with a parody of religious creation myth and segues into a brief overview of history from ancient times to the emergence of mankind, then to the modern scientific era. Two scientific discoveries are reenacted: Fudd's First Law of Opposition ("If you push something hard enough, it will fall over"), and Teslicle's Deviant ("What comes in, must go out"). Then recordings of selected audience members' reactions to the future are played.

Next, the Honorable Chester Cadaver (Ossman) addresses the audience, and relates a meeting with Senator Clive Brown (Bergman), who demonstrates a "model government" consisting of a model train-sized automated maze of bureaucracies which terminates with an animatronic President as the output bus, whom Brown says everyone asks questions. When Cadaver asks Clem to state his name, he stammers slightly and says "Uh, Clem", and the central computer permanently identifies him throughout the park as "Uh, Clem". As side 1 closes, Clem is directed onto another moving walkway which takes him in to see "the President".

Side two opens with the exhibit of "the President" (Austin), who sounds like Richard Nixon. Each visitor is asked to speak their name, which is then played back to appear as if the president is addressing them by name. A black welfare recipient named Jim (Bergman) relates his family's harsh urban living conditions and asks the President where he can get a job. The President responds with a vague, positive-sounding reply only remotely related to the question and completely unrelated to Jim's concerns, and Jim is given the "bum's rush". When it is Clem's turn, he puts the President into maintenance mode by saying, "This is Worker speaking. Hello." The computer responds with the length of time that it has been running. Clem then gets access to Doctor Memory (the master control), and attempts to confuse the system with a riddle: "Why does the porridge bird lay his egg in the air?" This causes the President to shut itself down. As Clem leaves, an Hispanic visitor is heard to say "He broke the President!".

Clem meets up with Barney back on the Funway. They encounter sideshows such as astronaut Mark Time (Ossman) recruiting a crew for a trip to the Haunted Space Station, and Hideo Nutt's Bolt-a-drome, where fairgoers are invited to participate in boxing matches with electrical appliances such as water heaters and toasters. Public announcers repeatedly page "Mr. Ah Clem" to come to the "hospitality shelter", and Artie Choke pops up again, programmed to take lost children back to their parents. He says he will send Deputy Dan to take Clem to the hospitality shelter. Clem then uses Artie to create a clone of himself which enters the system for another confrontation with Dr. Memory. He repeats his porridge bird riddle, which the computer struggles with several attempts to parse, finally mangling it into "Why does the poor rich Barney delay laser's edge in the fair?" Clem succeeds in confusing the computer into contradicting itself, causing a total crash which ends the fair with a display of fireworks.

The entire experience is then revealed to be a vision seen in the crystal ball of a Gypsy doctor (Proctor) telling Barney his fortune. After Barney leaves, the Gypsy plots with his partner (Bergman) to make a quick escape after their last client, a sailor.

## Portrayal of theme parks and computer technology

The fair rides and exhibits are similar to those at Disneyland and the 1964 New York World's Fair.

Clem is one of the first "computer hackers" mentioned in pop culture, and his dialogue with the fair's computer includes messages found in the DEC PDP-10, a popular mainframe at the time. (Some of the lines are error messages from MACLISP.) An identification followed by the word "hello" initiated an interactive session on contemporary Univac, General Electric, and university timesharing systems. Many of the things the computer said were based on ELIZA, a computer program which simulated a Rogerian psychotherapist. For example, the phrase Clem used to put The President into maintenance mode, "this is Worker speaking," is based on the fact that the user could type "worker" at Eliza's command prompt, and Eliza would then display the command prompt for the Lisp software environment in which Eliza ran. And if the user neglected to end a statement or question to Eliza with a punctuation mark, Eliza's parser would fail, displaying the message "Unhappy: MkNam" to indicate that a function called "MkNam" was failing. The President said the same thing, pronouncing it "unhappy macnam."

## Award nominations

The album was nominated by the World Science Fiction Society in 1972 for the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation.

## Film

This album inspired Ivan Stang's 1973 film *Let's Visit the World of the Future*.

## Cultural influence

Apple's Siri used to respond to "This is worker speaking. Hello." with "Hello, Ah-Clem. What function can I perform for you? LOL."

## Issues and reissues

This album was originally released simultaneously on LP, Cassette, SQ Quad LP, and Quad 8-Track.

* LP - Columbia C-30737
* Cassette - Columbia CA-30737
* Quad LP - Columbia CQ-30737
* Quad 8 Track - Columbia CAQ - 30737

It has been re-released on CD at least three times:

* 1989 - Mobile Fidelity MFCD-785
* 2001 - CBS/Epic
* 2001 - Laugh.com LGH1073

1. AllMusic
2. The liner notes say "This album will take exactly 38:49 out of your future. Thank you."
3. Christgau, Robert (December 12, 1971). "Consumer Guide (21)". *The Village Voice*. Retrieved December 14, 2018.
4. Internet Archive
5. Tannenbaum, Saul (July 24, 2015). "With One Of Its Easter Eggs, SIRI Evokes The Firesign Theatre, Hacker Culture, a 1960s Chatbot and Steve Jobs". *Medium*.
6. "1972 Hugo Awards". World Science Fiction Society. Archived from the original on 2011-05-07. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
7. According to the film's end credits, which direct viewers desiring more information to purchase a copy of this album.
* Firesign Theatre. *I Think We're All Bozos on This Bus*. Columbia Records, 1971.
* Firesign Theatre. *I Think We're All Bozos on This Bus*. Mobile Fidelity, 1989.
* Firesign Media: I Think We're All Bozos On This Bus.
* "FIREZINE: Linques!." *Firesign Theatre FAQ*. 20 Jan. 2006 \<\>.
* Marsh, Dave, and Greil Marcus. "The Firesign Theatre." *The New Rolling Stone Record Guide*. Ed. Dave Marsh and John Swenson. New York: Random House, 1983. 175-176.
* Smith, Ronald L. *The Goldmine Comedy Record Price Guide*. Iola: Krause, 1996.

## InfoBox

| I Think We're All Bozos on This Bus | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by The Firesign Theatre | |
| Released | August 1971 |
| Recorded | April–June 1971 |
| Genre | Comedy |
| Length | 38:58 |
| Label | Columbia |
| Producer | The Firesign Theatre |
| The Firesign Theatre chronology | |
| *Don't Crush That Dwarf, Hand Me the Pliers*
(1970) ***I Think We're All Bozos on This Bus***
(1971) *Dear Friends*
(1972) | |


title: I Hope I Shall Arrive Soon (collection)

abstract: I Hope I Shall Arrive Soon is a book by American writer Philip K. Dick, a collection of 10 science fiction short stories and one essay. It was first published by Doubleday in 1985 and was edited by Mark Hurst and Paul Williams. Many of the stories had originally appeared in the magazines Fantasy and Science Fiction, Worlds of Tomorrow, Amazing Stories, Interzone, Rolling Stone College Papers, The Yuba City High Times, Omni and Playboy.

text:
# I Hope I Shall Arrive Soon (collection)

***I Hope I Shall Arrive Soon*** is a book by American writer Philip K. Dick, a collection of 10 science fiction short stories and one essay. It was first published by Doubleday in 1985 and was edited by Mark Hurst and Paul Williams. Many of the stories had originally appeared in the magazines *Fantasy and Science Fiction*, *Worlds of Tomorrow*, *Amazing Stories*, *Interzone*, *Rolling Stone College Papers*, *The Yuba City High Times*, *Omni* and *Playboy*.

## Contents

## Reception

Dave Langford reviewed *I Hope I Shall Arrive Soon* for *White Dwarf* #75, and stated that "There may be no more Dick collections, so bag this one."

## Reviews

## Sources

## InfoBox

I Hope I Shall Arrive Soon
| Dust-jacket from the first edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Philip K. Dick |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Publisher | Doubleday |
| Publication date | 1985 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (hardback) |
| Pages | 179 |
| ISBN | 0-385-19567-2 |
| OCLC | 11574322 |
| Dewey Decimal | 813/.54 19 |
| LC Class | PS3554.I3 I2 1985 |


abstract: "I Wanna Be with You" was a hit song by R&B/funk group The Isley Brothers. Released from the 1979 double LP, Winner Takes All, it reached number #1 on the U.S. R&B singles chart during the spring of that year. However, the single did not manage to chart on the Billboard Hot 100.

text:
# I Wanna Be with You (Isley Brothers song)

"**I Wanna Be with You (Part 1)**" was a hit song by R&B/funk group The Isley Brothers. Released from the 1979 double LP, *Winner Takes All*, it reached number #1 on the U.S. R&B singles chart during the spring of that year. However, the single did not manage to chart on the *Billboard* Hot 100.

## InfoBox

| "I Wanna Be with You (Part 1)" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by The Isley Brothers | |
| from the album  *Winner Takes All* | |
| B-side | "I Wanna Be with You (Part 2)" |
| Released | 1979 |
| Genre | R&B, funk |
| Length | 6:21 (album version)
4:12 (single version) |
| Label | T-Neck
2279 |
| Songwriter(s) | The Isley Brothers and Chris Jasper |
| Producer(s) | The Isley Brothers |
| The Isley Brothers singles chronology | |
| "Groove with You"
(1978) "**I Wanna Be with You (Part 1)**"
(1979) "It's a Disco Night (Rock Don't Stop)"
(1979) | |


title: I Wanna Be a Warhol

abstract: "I Wanna Be a Warhol" is a song by the Chicago-based punk rock band Alkaline Trio, released as the first single from their 2013 album My Shame Is True on February 5, 2013. A music video for the song was released on March 8, 2013, and it features the actress Milla Jovovich. The song impacted radio on March 12, 2013.

text:
# I Wanna Be a Warhol

**"I Wanna Be a Warhol"** is a song by the Chicago-based punk rock band Alkaline Trio, released as the first single from their 2013 album *My Shame Is True* on February 5, 2013. A music video for the song was released on March 8, 2013, and it features the actress Milla Jovovich. The song impacted radio on March 12, 2013.

## Personnel

### Band

### Guest

## InfoBox

| "I Wanna Be a Warhol" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Alkaline Trio | |
| from the album  *My Shame Is True* | |
| Released | February 5, 2013 |
| Recorded | October 2012 |
| Studio | The Blasting Room, Fort Collins, Colorado |
| Genre | Punk rock |
| Length | 3:07 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | * Bill Stevenson * Jason Livermore |
| Alkaline Trio singles chronology | |
| "This Addiction"
(2010) "**I Wanna Be a Warhol**"
(2013) "Blackbird"
(2018) | |


title: Ian Campbell (Scottish politician)

abstract: Ian Campbell was a Scottish politician who served as a backbench Labour Member of Parliament (MP) of the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1987.

text:
# Ian Campbell (Scottish politician)

**Ian Campbell** (26 April 1926 – 9 September 2007) was a Scottish politician who served as a backbench Labour Member of Parliament (MP) of the United Kingdom from 1970 to 1987.

## Early life

Campbell was born in Dumbarton, the second of the four children of William Campbell and his wife Helen (née Crockett). He was educated at Knoxland Primary School and Dumbarton Academy, and studied electrical engineering at the Royal College of Science and Technology in Glasgow (now Strathclyde University). After National Service in Germany with the Royal Engineers, he became a chartered engineer, and worked for the South of Scotland Electricity Board from 1948 to 1965. He married Mary Millar in 1950; they had two sons and three daughters.

## Political career

Campbell joined the Labour Party in 1953. He was elected to Dumbarton Burgh Council in 1958 and was first elected as Provost of Dumbarton in 1962. In 1968, was re-elected unopposed for an almost unprecedented third term. The Labour administration in Dumbarton during these years embarked on a significant programme of slum clearance, house building, and town centre redevelopment. The closure of the Denny Shipyard in 1963 was the most significant sign of a shift from heavy industry as the major source of employment in the town requiring a major investment of effort from the council and its leadership in economic development.

When Tom Steele, the Labour MP for Dunbartonshire West, indicated that he would stand down at the 1970 general election, Campbell was selected by the Constituency Labour Party as their candidate. He was duly elected, serving as MP for Dunbartonshire West until 1983 and then for the successor seat, Dumbarton, until 1987.

He won at five general elections, although his seat was not always particularly safe, particularly in the two general elections of 1974: his majority was reduced to just over 1,800 votes by the Scottish National Party at the October 1974 general election. As a Member of Parliament, his focus was firmly on the interests of his constituency and constituents. Throughout his time in parliament, he took a keen interest in the Scotch whisky industry, which was the key employer in the constituency. The nuclear base at Faslane was also in his constituency, and his constituents were also affected by the decline of the shipbuilding industry on the Lower Clyde. Although a backbencher for all of his time in the Commons, he was Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for Scotland, Bruce Millan, from 1976 until 1979, during the period when the Labour government was proposing to implement Scottish devolution. He also served for many years as a member of the Chairman's panel, and eventually as the regular Chairman of the Scottish Grand Committee. He was involved in the campaign against abortion, co-sponsoring an ultimately unsuccessful private member's bill introduced by his friend and colleague, James White, MP for Glasgow Pollok, to tighten the requirements of the Abortion Act 1967. Campbell acted as an informal whip in the committees considering various bills aimed at tightening the law in this area. Early in the 1979 parliament, he successfully piloted a private member's bill through the House of Commons to enable Scottish local authorities to offer concessionary transport to people with mental disabilities.

In the run-up to the 1983 general election, he narrowly won a re-selection battle within his own Constituency Labour Party, against a challenge from a Leo Crawley, later a left-wing councillor in the constituency. In that election he was re-elected for the new Dumbarton constituency, which was practically the same as his old constituency, the only change was the addition of the villages of Bowling, and Milton. He retired at the 1987 general election and was replaced by John McFall.

## Later life

After he retired from Parliament, Campbell he was active as an elder at Riverside Church in Dumbarton. He was also a member of the Dumbarton District Enterprise Trust, a member of the Strathclyde Local Valuation Panel, and a magistrate.

He was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2007, and died in Dumbarton. He was survived by his wife, five children and thirteen grand children.

## InfoBox

| Ian Campbell | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament
for Dumbarton
West Dunbartonshire (1983–1987) | |
| **In office**
18 June 1970  18 May 1987 | |
| Preceded by | Tom Steele |
| Succeeded by | John McFall |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1926-04-26)26 April 1926
Dumbarton, West Dunbartonshire, Scotland |
| Died | 9 September 2007(2007-09-09) (aged 81)
Dumbarton, West Dunbartonshire, Scotland |
| Political party | Labour |
|  | |


title: Ian Rosenblatt

abstract: Ian Isaac Rosenblatt is a British lawyer, senior partner of the business law firm Rosenblatt Group plc, and a supporter of charitable causes, notably in the field of classical music.

text:
# Ian Rosenblatt

**Ian Isaac Rosenblatt** OBE (born 2 November 1959) is a British lawyer, senior partner of the business law firm Rosenblatt Group plc, and a supporter of charitable causes, notably in the field of classical music.

## Early life and family

Rosenblatt was born in Liverpool to a businessman father and academic mother – sister of the well-known actors Clive Swift and David Swift – and was educated at Liverpool College and the London School of Economics and Political Science, where he studied Law. He is a member of The Law Society.

Rosenblatt has three grown-up children from his marriage to his late wife, Heather. In 2007 he married Emma Kane, Joint Chief Executive of International communications agency Porta Communications plc.

## Career

On leaving university Ian Rosenblatt became an articled clerk at law firm Collyer Bristow, qualifying in 1983, and then joined media law firm Sheridans, where he became a partner in 1985. In 1989 he founded his own law firm in the City of London, Rosenblatt Solicitors, which has grown to over 100 staff handling business law in the UK and internationally.

Rosenblatt Group plc floated on the London Stock Market on 8 May 2018.

In August 2023, Rosenblatt Group became embroiled in a dispute with ex-Rosenblatt Group CEO Nicola Foulston. Rosenblatt was not on the board and not an employee at the time.

In 2000, Rosenblatt co-founded the London-based corporate and financial communications agency Redleaf Polhill; its chief executive is his wife, Emma Kane. The agency was sold to Porta Communications plc in 2014. Kane was appointed Joint Chief Executive of Porta Communications plc, which is listed on the London Stock Exchange, in April 2018.

## Music

Rosenblatt established Rosenblatt Recitals in 1999, a series of opera recitals based in London. The first series launched in 2000. The Rosenblatt Recital Series ceased in 2017.

In 2013, Rosenblatt became the owner of the Les Aldrich Music Shop, an independent retailer in Muswell Hill, North London.

Rosenblatt was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2016 Birthday Honours for philanthropic services to music.

## Other charitable activities

Rosenblatt was a donor to the Labour Party under Ed Miliband's leadership.

In June 2023, *The Daily Telegraph* accused Rosenblatt Group of working on behalf of a sanctioned Russian bank, VTB Capital. As a result, the Labour Party were initially set to return a donation from Rosenblatt. Rosenblatt Group was later revealed to have been acting for the administrators under a UK Government licence with fees paid by the Bank of England. After an investigation, the Labour Party confirmed there had been no wrongdoing and stated it would not be returning the donation.


title: MSRA (gene)

abstract: Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) is a family of enzymes that in humans is encoded by the MSRA gene.

text:
# MSRA (gene)

**Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase** (Msr) is a family of enzymes that in humans is encoded by the *MSRA* gene.

## Function

Msr is ubiquitous and highly conserved. Human and animal studies have shown the highest levels of expression in kidney and liver. It carries out the enzymatic reduction of methionine sulfoxide (MetO), the oxidized form of the amino acid methionine (Met), back to methionine, using thioredoxin to catalyze the enzymatic reduction and repair of oxidized methionine residues. Its proposed function is thus the repair of oxidative damage to proteins to restore biological activity. Oxidation of methionine residues in tissue proteins can cause them to misfold or otherwise render them dysfunctional.

## Clinical significance

MetO increases with age in body tissues, which is believed by some to contribute to biological ageing. Moreover, levels of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) decline in aging tissues in mice and in association with age-related disease in humans. There is thus a rationale for thinking that by maintaining the structureincreased levels or activity of MsrA might retard the rate of aging.

Indeed, transgenic Drosophila (fruit flies) that overexpress methionine sulfoxide reductase show extended lifespan. However, the effects of MsrA overexpression in mice were ambiguous. MsrA is found in both the cytosol and the energy-producing mitochondria, where most of the body's endogenous free radicals are produced. Transgenically increasing the levels of MsrA in either the cytosol or the mitochondria had no significant effect on lifespan assessed by most standard statistical tests, and may possibly have led to early deaths in the cytosol-specific mice, although the survival curves appeared to suggest a slight increase in maximum (90%) survivorship, as did analysis using Boschloo's test, a binomial test designed to test greater extreme variation.

Deletion of this gene has been associated with insulin resistance in mice, while overexpression reduces insulin resistance in old mice.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| MSRA | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | MSRA, PMSR, methionine sulfoxide reductase A | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 601250; MGI: 106916; HomoloGene: 5812; GeneCards: MSRA; OMA:MSRA - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001135670
NM\_001135671
NM\_001199729
NM\_012331   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001129142
NP\_001129143
NP\_001186658
NP\_036463   Location (UCSC) Chr 8: 10.05 – 10.43 Mb Chr 14: 64.36 – 64.69 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |