title: Alfred Leslie

abstract: Alfred Leslie was an American painter and filmmaker. He first achieved success as an Abstract Expressionist painter, but changed course in the early 1960s and became a painter of realistic figurative paintings.

text:
# Alfred Leslie

**Alfred Leslie** (October 29, 1927 – January 27, 2023) was an American painter and filmmaker. He first achieved success as an Abstract Expressionist painter, but changed course in the early 1960s and became a painter of realistic figurative paintings.

## Biography

Alfred Leslie was born in New York City. After service in the U.S. Coast Guard at the end of World War II, Leslie studied art at New York University, the Art Students League, and Pratt Institute. A bodybuilder and hand-balancer, Leslie posed for artist Reginald Marsh and others and modeled for classes at the Art Students League and Pratt Institute. Anticipating the Situationist International's detournement, his 1949 film *Magic Thinking* combined black-and-white cartoons, home movies, GI training films, industrial commercials, strip footage, and old feature films. To raise the $250 required by Tibor de Nagy Gallery to exhibit there in 1952, he appeared on *Strike It Rich*, an early reality television program, and won. His 1952 exhibition included *The Bed-Sheet Painting*, a 12 by 16 foot, black painting with a scumbled surface and white bar mounted on unstretched canvas. In the 1950s, he made sculptures using seemingly insignificant materials such as plumber's tape, stapes, grommets, nails, and housepaint. Anticipating John Chamberlain's sculptures made from recycled cars, Leslie tied together car mufflers and tailpipes with rope after hammering and reassembling them. In 1955, a collector gave him a Polaroid camera, enabling him to take hundreds of police-style mugshots, of which only photos of Sam Francis and Al Held survived.

Invited to partake in the Moderna Museet's "Art in Motion" (1961) exhibition, curated by Pontus Hulten, Leslie proposed *Jolly*, a kit with the ingredients to make an inflatable sculpture. Anticipating Andy Warhol's *Clouds* (1966), he proposed that a massive weather balloon suspend a brick over an inflated wading pool. In 1962, having gained recognition as a second generation Abstract Expressionist painter, Leslie abruptly changed course. His new works were realistic figurative paintings in grisaille, of which he later said, "there was a point at which I realized that if my work was to develop and evolve, and if I was to mature as an artist, these figurative ideas could not be ignored, even though following them could seem to imply that I would be turning my back on the twentieth century, turning my back on my abstract achievement".

On October 17, 1966, nearly all of Leslie's monochrome paintings were destroyed in a fire. Shortly afterwards, Leslie introduced color into his paintings, which have been widely exhibited. Leslie's solo exhibitions include ones at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (1976); Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (197677); Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago (1977); Wichita Art Museum, Kansas (1984); Boca Raton Museum of Art, Florida (1989); and St. Louis Art Museum, Missouri (1991). Even though figuration and narration became contentious issues for painters in the 1980s, "these concerns didn't exist per se in film, theater, literary or still photography world, all of which I was part of."

Leslie was also known for his large scale charcoal drawings, and for his work as a photographer and filmmaker. Together with Robert Frank, Leslie directed the short film *Pull My Daisy* in 1959. The film, narrated by Jack Kerouac, was selected for the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress in 1996. He also created the films *Directions: A Walk after the War Games* (1946–49), *The Last Clean Shirt* with the poet Frank O'Hara (1964), *The Cedar Bar* (2001), *Einstein's Secret* (2008), and the animated film *The New York Story* (1963).

Leslie died from COVID-19 in Brooklyn, New York, on January 27, 2023, at the age of 95.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Alfred Leslie | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1927-10-29)October 29, 1927
New York City, U.S. |
| Died | January 27, 2023(2023-01-27) (aged 95)
New York City, U.S. |
| Known for | Painting, drawing, cinema |
| Movement | Abstract expressionism; New Realism |


title: Arisaema speciosum

abstract: Arisaema speciosum is a species of flowering plant in the family Araceae, native to Nepal, East Himalaya, Assam, Tibet and south-central China.

text:
# Arisaema speciosum

***Arisaema speciosum*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Araceae, native to Nepal, East Himalaya, Assam, Tibet and south-central China.

## InfoBox

| *Arisaema speciosum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| In cultivation | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Alismatales |
| Family: | Araceae |
| Genus: | *Arisaema* |
| Species: | ***A. speciosum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Arisaema speciosum***<br>(Wall.) Mart. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Arum speciosum* Wall. | |


title: Lung Ying-tai

abstract: Lung Ying-tai is a writer, cultural critic, and public intellectual. With more than 30 books to her credit, she not only has a large number of readers in her native Taiwan, but her works also have an impact in Chinese-language communities in Hong Kong, China, Singapore, Malaysia, and North America. Lung became widely known for her criticism on the Kuomintang party's martial law regime and has since become a critic of Mainland China's increasing restrictions on press freedom and civil liberties. Her critical essays on cultural and political issues contributed to the democratization of Taiwan. Lung Ying-tai served as Taipei's first Cultural Bureau Chief (1999–2003) and Taiwan's first Minister of Culture (2012–2014). She established the Lung Ying-tai Cultural Foundation in 2005. She is currently engaged in full-time writing, residing in eastern Taiwan by the Pacific Ocean.

text:
# Lung Ying-tai

**Lung Ying-tai** (Chinese: 龍應台; pinyin: *Lóng Yìngtái*) is a writer, cultural critic, and public intellectual. With more than 30 books to her credit, she not only has a large number of readers in her native Taiwan, but her works also have an impact in Chinese-language communities in Hong Kong, China, Singapore, Malaysia, and North America. Lung became widely known for her criticism on the Kuomintang party's martial law regime and has since become a critic of Mainland China's increasing restrictions on press freedom and civil liberties. Her critical essays on cultural and political issues contributed to the democratization of Taiwan.

Lung Ying-tai served as Taipei's first Cultural Bureau Chief (1999–2003) and Taiwan's first Minister of Culture (2012–2014). She established the Lung Ying-tai Cultural Foundation in 2005. She is currently engaged in full-time writing, residing in eastern Taiwan by the Pacific Ocean.

## Early life

Lung Ying-tai was born in 1952 in Daliao, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Her father, Lung Huai-sheng (龍槐生) left his home in Hunan and joined the Kuomintang army at the age of 15. Her parents fled mainland China after the KMT lost the Chinese Civil War in 1949. In Taiwan, Lung did not grow up in the villages built to house military families (juancun, 眷村) but was raised among the local population in several fishing and farming villages in central and southern Taiwan.

Like most mainlander refugees who migrated to Taiwan around 1949, with "no agricultural heritage to rely on, no family network to seek help from, no ancestral background or social status to lean on, and no local language and knowledge to navigate with," Lung's parents made a determined investment in the education of the next generation." Despite the financial difficulties in raising four children, Lung's mother, Ying Meijun (應美君) insisted that Lung, her only daughter, get a college education.

After attending Tainan Girls' Senior High School, Lung earned her bachelor's degree in Foreign Languages and Literature from the National Cheng Kung University and a PhD in English and American Literature from Kansas State University.

## Early career, 1983-1999

Taiwan was under Kuomingtang's one-party rule when Lung Ying-tai returned to Taiwan in 1983. She started an op-ed column in the *China Times,* delivering reflections and critiques of contemporary Taiwan society. These essays were published collectively in 1985 as a compilation titled *Ye Huo Ji* (*野火集*, *The Wild Fire Collection*). The book went through 24 reprints in 21 days, garnering so much attention that poet Yu Kwang-chung referred to its impact as that of a "tornado" (the phrase in Chinese, Longjuanfeng, was a pun on Lung's name). It became "the best-selling and most-talked-about book of the decade in Taiwan," and was regarded as influential in the island's democratization process.

Lung moved to Europe with her husband in 1986. During her time in Europe, she remained prolific, authoring the following books: *Ren Zai Ouzhou* (人在歐洲, 1988, *The Mundane and the Lofty—Journey through Europe*), *Xie Gei Taiwan de Xin* (寫給台灣的信, 1992, *Letters to Home*), *Kan Shiji Mo Xiang Ni Zou Lai* (看世紀末向你走來, 1994, *Living in a "Fin de siècle"*), *Haizi Ni Manman Lai* (孩子你慢慢來, 1994, *Take Your Time, My Children*), *Mei Li De Quan Li* (美麗的權利, 1994, *The Right to Seduce*), *Zai Heidebao Zhui Ru Qing Wang* (在海德堡墜入情網, 1995, *In the Shadows of Heidelberg: A Tale of Love and Fate*), *Gan Bei Ba Tuomasiman* (乾杯吧托馬斯曼, 1996, *Cheers, Thomas Mann*), *Wo De Bu An* (我的不安, 1997, *Our Age of Uncertainty*), *Ah! Shanghai Nan Ren* (啊！上海男人, 1998, *Shanghai Men*), and *Bainian Sisuo* (百年思索, 1999, *Reflections of this Century*). Lung writes in more than one language and for more than one audience. "It is not unusual for her to publish an essay simultaneously in Taipei's *China Times* and Shanghai's *Wen Hui Bao*, with the German version appearing in the *Frankfurter Allgemein*, and the English version on the BBC's European service." Her work has appeared in mainland Chinese newspapers since the early 1990s. In 1994, she criticized the Singaporean government's restrictions on personal freedom in 1994 in an article titled, "Thank God I Am Not Singaporean" (幸好我不是新加坡人).

## Return to Taipei for public service, 1999-2003

In 1999, Taipei Mayor Ma Ying-jeou traveled to Germany and invited Lung to serve as the first Director of Taipei City's Cultural Bureau. She came back to Taiwan and assumed the role in September 1999. During her tenure, he designed and implemented policies that increased the visibility of the arts in the cityand restored and transformed 20 historical sites including Songshan Cultural and Creative Park, the Mayor's Residence Art Salon, Huashan Creative Park, Taipei Film House, Wistaria Tea House, Treasure Hill, Chien Mu House, and Lin Yutang House, among others. The Cultural Bureau listed and protected 1,146 old trees, rescued 276 from being removed, and enacted the "Taipei City Tree Protection Ordinance," the first of its kind in Taiwan. Lung also promoted cultural exchanges between local and international artists—more than 50 artists from all over the world visited Taipei between 1999 and 2002 through the City's artist-in-residence program. She completed her tenure in March 2003 and accepted a Visiting Professorship at the City University of Hong Kong.

## Engagement through writing and NGO work in Hong Kong and Taiwan, 2003-2012

She served as a visiting professor at the City University of Hong Kong during 2003-2004 and continued this role at the Journalism and Media Studies Centre of the University of Hong Kong.

She resumed her writing career and published two books in 2003, *Yinse Xianrenzhang: Long Yingtai Xiaoshuo Ji* (銀色仙人掌: 龍應台小說集, *Death by the Silver Cactus: A Collection of Short Stories*) and *Miandui Dahai de Shihou* (面對大海的時候, *When Facing the Sea*). In the latter Lung explicated complicated issues such as challenges traditional culture encounters when confronted with the forces of modernization and internationalization; “In Taipei, there are 58 Starbucks stores, but there is only one Zi Teng Lu (Wistaria Tea House, a traditional tea house). Globally, there are 6,600 Starbucks stores, but there is only one Zi Teng Lu.” She also elucidated the problems associated with the de-Sinicization narrative advocated by the Chen Shui-bian administration, "A political party is not synonymous with a nation; a nation is not synonymous with its culture; the CCP is not synonymous with China; and China is not synonymous with the People’s Republic of China." These articles triggered heated debates rarely seen in years. In 2005, she took on the position of a full-time professor at National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan. In July of the same year, she established the Lung Ying-tai Cultural Foundation, a platform dedicated to promoting civic engagement and fostering intellectual discussions through lectures aiming to broaden the perspectives of the youth.

In January 2006, Lung wrote an open letter to Hu Jintao following the closure of Bing Dian *(Freezing Point)*, an influential weekly magazine in China, for publishing anti-CCP content. This letter, titled, Qing Yong Wenming Lai Shuifu Wo (請用文明來說服我, A question of civility, an open letter to Hu Jintao), criticized Hu's decision to shut down the magazine and the Chinese Communist Party's suppression of the freedom of speech in China: "When I have to make a choice between Taiwan and the mainland, it really is not as hard as you think: whichever system holds those values I believe in will be my country; whichever functions against those values I will despise and reject."

In 2007, Lung was recommended as a potential candidate for a member position at the Control Yuan. She declined the offer, stating, "I want to stay as an independent pen for society." From 2008 to 2009, Lung Ying-tai served as the inaugural Hung Leung Hau Ling Distinguished Fellow in Humanities at the University of Hong Kong. In 2009, she was honored with the K.T. Li Chair Professor Award from National Cheng Kung University.

In 2008, her book *Mu Song* (目送, *The Farewell*) was published, becoming popular across Asia. The book is a collection of 74 works of prose capturing the journey through life, "from the loss of her father to the aging of her mother, the departure of her son, the concerns of her friends, and the companionship of her brothers. Her words delve into the depths of human experience, exploring themes of failure and vulnerability, loss and release, as well as the enduring bonds and profound emptiness."

Her 2009 book *Da Jiang Da Hai 1949* (大江大海一九四九, *Big River, Big Sea: Untold Stories of 1949*), is about the Chinese Civil War and the Kuomintang's retreat to Taiwan, telling this history through the accounts of ordinary people. “In this book I don’t care about who is on the right side, the victorious or the defeated side. I just want to show you that when you dismantle the apparatus of state, what’s inside are these individuals.” Through this book, Lung hoped her readers recognize "an entire generation of people who silently suffered enormous trauma, crushed under the iron wheel of history," paying tribute to "all those who were trampled upon, humiliated and destroyed in that historical epoch." In eighteen months it sold 400,000 copies in Taiwan and Hong Kong but was banned in mainland China.

## Minister of Culture, 2012-2014

In February 2012, Lung took on the position of Director of the Cultural Affairs Council of Taiwan, tasked with reorganizing and consolidating four separate ministries to establish the Ministry of Culture. Under her leadership, the Ministry of Culture was officially founded in May 2012. Lung was appointed the first Minister of Culture of Taiwan. Inaugurated on 21 May 2012, she stated a hope that cultural policies be served by politics rather than serve political purposes. Her policies were driven by approaches such as "rooted in the soil," "internationalization," "cloud-based," and "value-driven," that is, connecting with the grassroots to serve the general population, expanding internationally with Taiwan's soft power, embracing cloud technology to fuse culture with cutting-edge science, fostering an innovative industry ecosystem and enhancing the aesthetic economy. During her tenure, a longstanding issue regarding Public Television Service that had lingered for three years was resolved. Laws governing public broadcasting and filmmaking were revised, while new laws concerning museum management and the preservation of underwater cultural heritage were proposed. New institutions, including the National Performing Arts Center, the National Film Institute, Taiwan Traditional Theatre Center, the National Center for Photography and Images, and the Taipei Music Center were founded. She also started initiatives on reading, TV culture, international, and cross-strait cultural exchanges.

On December 1, 2014, Lung tendered her resignation from the ministerial post citing her aging mother as the main reason, with political and media hostility as contributing factors.

## 2015-Present

From 2015 to 2020, Lung continued her role as the Hung Leung Hau Ling Distinguished Fellow in Humanities at the University of Hong Kong.

In addition to her writing career, Lung is an eloquent speaker in both Mandarin and English, receiving frequent invitations to deliver talks worldwide, often drawing a large audience. Her 2016 book, *Qingting* (傾聽, 2016, *Listening*), is a compilation of 23 speeches edited for a reading audience.

In 2018, she published Tianchangdijiu: Gei Meijun de Xin (天長地久: 給美君的信, 2018, *Eternal Love: Letters to Meijun*). In the preface, Lung said she was skeptical about whether writing still held relevance after witnessing the collapse of an era and the disillusionment of values during her public service experience. This book represents her attempt to rediscover pure intentions—through personal reflections on life, death, and love for both older and younger generations. Lung moved to Chaozhou, a small town in southern Taiwan, in 2017, where she developed her first novel, *Da Wu Shan Xia* (大武山下, 2020, *At the Foot of Mount Kavulungan*). The story focuses on Da Wu Mountain (or Mt. Kavulungan in native language) in Pingtung, Taiwan. An unknown writer, who spent most of her life wandering, returns to her rural roots and encounters a mysterious 14-year-old girl, embarking on a journey where life and the land, plants, animals, and history bear witness to each other’s interconnected fate. "With the boundless curiosity of a child, the tenacity of an investigative field researcher, the ethereal and graceful prose of a literary artist, and the profound and majestic language, Lung paints the world of Da Wu Mountain… She explores philosophical reflections on life and displays a deep concern for the land and its culture.” "The fundamental skill of any writer is to enable readers to see things they wouldn't have seen otherwise," says Lung. She also depicts hundreds of species of plants and animals, and the book includes illustrations hand-drawn by herself. Lung became active on Facebook, often sharing her rural experiences with her readers. During the 2019-2020 Hong Kong protests, Lung wrote in a post that the participants were like “an egg lying on the ground of the garden” confronting “a wall of iron and steel.” “How do we treat an egg? We bend down, gently pick it up, cradle it in our palms, and ensure it doesn't shatter.” In response, *People's Daily* accused her of ignoring the "violent rioters" and attacked the "narrowness of her thinking." In an interview with the *Nikkei Asian Review*, Lung said she wished that politicians in Beijing have enough wisdom to understand the situation deeper and to see into the future with longer views and perspectives” in their dealings with Hong Kong.

As cross-strait military tensions escalated, Lung posted a message on Facebook, highlighting the destructive impact of war on civilization, and concluded with “No matter what you say, I am anti-war.” This statement sparked a debate in Taiwan, where people have become politically divided with polarized views about the future of the island. Some criticized her for "only speaking against war and not daring to voice opposition against the Communist Party."

Lung continues to write for international readers. In 2019, she wrote “23 Million People on a Canoe: Why Europe should care about Taiwan’s future” for *The Berlin Pulse*. In 2023, she released a guest essay in *The* *New York Times* about the perspectives on local sentiments under cross-strait tension.

In September 2023, Lung was invited by Boston University’s Pardee School of Global Studies, the Center for the Study of Asia, and the Harvard Yenching Institute to deliver talks on the intricate cross-strait issues and share her experience residing in Taitung, Taiwan. In October 2023, she commenced a tour of Germany and Austria commemorating the one-year anniversary of the German edition of *Da Wu Shan Xia* (大武山下, *At the Foot of Mount Kavulungan*, Am Fuße des Kavulungan). The tour began at the Frankfurt Book Fair, followed by engaging panel discussions at universities in Würzburg, Tübingen, Heidelberg, and Göttingen. Lung was also invited to the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖWA), where she shared insights into the cross-strait matter.

Over the course of her four-decade-long writing career, Lung has encountered numerous attacks. In her youth, Lung was considered a troublemaker by conservatives. In her middle years, Taiwan’s localists criticized her, labeling her as pro-unification or alleging ties to the Chinese Communist Party. Mainland China banned most of her books, and some even accused her of advocating for Taiwan independence. These conflicting comments may serve as a testament to Lung’s dedication to remaining "an independent pen for society." "She is the only person in Taiwan who dares to criticize the Nationalist Party, the Democratic Progressive Party and the Communist Party," says Huang Ching-lung, former Chief Editor of the *China Times*, and she is thus "destined to be solitary while offending multiple sides."

## Personal life

Lung has two sons from her previous (and only) marriage to a German man. One of Lung’s books, *Qin Ai De Andelie* (親愛的安德烈, 2007, *Dear Andreas*), is a collection of letters and e-mails between her and her older son. She is currently tending to her mother all while engaging in full-time writing, residing in Taitung by the Pacific Ocean.

## Essays and Speeches in English

## InfoBox

| Lung Ying-Tai | |
| --- | --- |
| 龍應台 | |
|  | |
| 1st Minister of Culture of the Republic of China
(Minister of Council for Cultural Affairs until 19 May 2012) | |
| **In office**
6 February 2012  7 December 2014 | |
| Deputy | George Hsu, Chang Yun-cheng, Lin Chin-tien
George Hsu, Hung Meng-chi, Lee Ying-ping |
| Preceded by | Ovid Tzeng
Lin Chin-tian (acting) |
| Succeeded by | Hung Meng-chi |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1952-02-13) 13 February 1952
Daliao, Kaohsiung, Taiwan |
| Nationality | Taiwan (Republic of China) |
| Children | Two sons |
| Alma mater | National Cheng Kung University
Kansas State University |
|  | |


title: 1510s

abstract: The 1510s decade ran from January 1, 1510, to December 31, 1519.

text:
# 1510s

The **1510s** decade ran from January 1, 1510, to December 31, 1519.

## Events

### 1510

#### JanuaryMarch

#### AprilJune

#### JulySeptember

#### OctoberDecember

#### Date unknown

### 1511

#### JanuaryMarch

#### AprilJune

#### JulySeptember

#### OctoberDecember

#### Date unknown

### 1512

#### JanuaryMarch

#### AprilJune

#### JulyDecember

#### OctoberDecember

#### Date unknown

### 1513

#### JanuaryMarch

#### AprilJune

#### JulySeptember

#### OctoberDecember

#### Undated

### 1514

#### JanuaryMarch

#### AprilJune

#### JulySeptember

#### OctoberDecember

#### Date unknown

### 1515

#### JanuaryMarch

#### AprilJune

#### JulySeptember

#### OctoberyDecember

#### Date unknown

### 1516

#### JanuaryMarch

#### AprilJune

#### JulySeptember

#### OctoberDecember

#### Date unknown

### 1517

#### JanuaryMarch

### 1518

#### JanuaryMarch

#### AprilJune

#### JulySeptember

#### OctoberDecember

#### Date unknown

### 1519

#### JanuaryMarch

#### AprilJune

#### JulySeptember

#### OctoberDecember

#### Date unknown

## Births

**1510**

**1511**

**1512**

**1513**

**1514**

**1515**

**1516**

**1517**

**1518**

**1519**

## Deaths

**1510**

**1511**

**1512**

**1513**

**1514**

**1515**

**1516**

**1517**

**1518**

**1519**


title: Efajemue

abstract: Efajemue "Efa" Etoroma Jr., is a Canadian jazz musician most noted for his 2021 album Aesthetics, which was a Juno Award nominee for Jazz Album of the Year – Solo at the Juno Awards of 2022. As a drummer, Etoroma has been compared to the likes of Brian Blade, Roy Hanes and Tony Williams, while taking modern influences from drummers and producers such as Chris Dave,?uestlove and Steve Jordan Efa has served as the drummer for various acts including, Moonchild, Sneakout, Common Souls, Sensae and Zephyr Avalon He is based in Los Angeles, California, where he has served on faculty at various higher education institutions and has released several albums that blend jazz music with hip hop and rhythm and blues influences.

text:
# Efajemue

**Efajemue** "**Efa**" **Etoroma Jr.** (born August 3, 1988), is a Canadian jazz musician most noted for his 2021 album *Aesthetics*, which was a Juno Award nominee for Jazz Album of the Year – Solo at the Juno Awards of 2022.

As a drummer, Etoroma has been compared to the likes of Brian Blade, Roy Hanes and Tony Williams, while taking modern influences from drummers and producers such as Chris Dave, ?uestlove and Steve Jordan Efa has served as the drummer for various acts including, Moonchild, Sneakout, Common Souls, Sensae and Zephyr Avalon

He is based in Los Angeles, California, where he has served on faculty at various higher education institutions and has released several albums that blend jazz music with hip hop and rhythm and blues influences.

## Early life and education

Born in Hamilton, Ontario, he grew up primarily in Edmonton, Alberta, where his father, Efa Etoroma Sr., is a sociology professor at Concordia University of Edmonton. He started playing drums at a young age, taking lessons locally. He took an interest in jazz music in his youth and continued on to study Jazz Performance at McGill University's Schulich School of Music in Montreal. Graduating with a B.Mus. in 2011, Etoroma then went on to graduate with a Master of Fine Arts (MFA) from California Institute for the Arts in 2015. At Cal Arts Etoroma grew in his playing abilities and expanded knowledge through extensive study of hand percussion, arranging, composition, and electronic music.

## Career

### Early career

Efa always had a passion for music growing up. He grew up in a musical household, with his father, who is a guitarist, exposing him to various styles of music over the years. At a young age, he began piano lessons switching to percussion in Junior High school band. Taking to the drums quickly, Etoroma received a number of awards for his musical achievements including "Most Outstanding Drummer at the West Coast International Music Festival, selection as Percussionist in Alberta Honor Band, a scholarship to Humber College, Musicfest Canada Zildjian Combo Drummer Award, selection as the drummer in the Yamaha All-Star band at Musicfest Canada, and a Yamaha showcase performance in the 2011 Montreal Drumfest."

### 2006–2011: McGill University

After graduating from high school, Efa enrolled in the Schulich School of Music at McGill University in Montreal to study Jazz Performance. This is where he began fine-tuning his playing and developing further as a producer and bandleader. Exploring other various musical influences, Etoroma created a number of groups, such as Ruckus, which was a mix of hip-hop, jazz, and funk. He also lead a trio of his namesake, the Efa Etoroma Jr, Trio that released an album entitled Before and After. The group also performed at the Montreal International Jazz Festival in 2011 and was nominated for the TD Grand Jazz Award and the Galaxie Rising Star Award at the Festival that same year.

### 2012–2015: California Institute of The Arts

In 2012 Etoroma moved to California to pursue his master's degree under the tutelage of Joseph LaBarbera, who is most known for performing and recording with Jazz legend Bill Evans as part of his trio.

### 2015–present

Etoroma has made a living as a session drummer, educator and touring drummer for number of acts. Efa has served on faculty at California State University Dominguez Hills, and Musician's Institute, teaching Drum Set, production and Abelton courses. He is also a contributor to SoundFly, creating educational digital content for musicians. Etoroma has also toured and performed on a number of tours in the United States, Europe and Asia with neo-soul trio Moonchild.

On March 1, 2022, Efajemue received his first Juno nomination in the Jazz Album of the Year – Solo category for his 2021 project *Aesthetics*. This eight-song album was released independently on November 2, 2021.

## InfoBox

| Efajemue Etoroma Jr. | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Efajemue Enenajor Etoroma Jr. |
| Also known as | Efa |
| Born | August 3, 1988 (1988-08-03) (age 36)<br>Hamilton, Ontario, Canada |
| Occupation | Musician |
| Instrument(s) | Drums, piano, bass, guitar |
| Years active | 2006-present |


title: Akureyrarvöllur

abstract: Akureyrarvöllur is a multi-use stadium in Akureyri, Iceland. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the former home stadium of Knattspyrnufélag Akureyrar. The stadium holds 1,645 spectators. After several years with the pitch in poor condition and games being frequently moved to nearby Dalvík, a decision was taken to leave the stadium and move all home games to the clubs base in the Lundarhverfi neighborhood where a new stadium is being built.

text:
# Akureyrarvöllur

**Akureyrarvöllur** (Icelandic pronunciation: \[ˈaːkʏrˌeiːrarˌvœtlʏr̥\], regionally also \[ˈaːkʰʏr-\]) is a multi-use stadium in Akureyri, Iceland. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the former home stadium of Knattspyrnufélag Akureyrar. The stadium holds 1,645 spectators (715 seated).

After several years with the pitch in poor condition and games being frequently moved to nearby Dalvík, a decision was taken to leave the stadium and move all home games to the clubs base in the Lundarhverfi neighborhood where a new stadium is being built.

1. "Akureyrarvöllur - Knattspyrnusamband Íslands". *www.ksi.is* (in Icelandic). Retrieved 10 November 2019.

## InfoBox

Akureyrarvöllur
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Glerágata
600 Akureyri
Iceland |
| Coordinates | 65°41′9.9″N 18°5′42.76″W / 65.686083°N 18.0952111°W / 65.686083; -18.0952111 |
| Owner | Akureyri |
| Capacity | 1,645 |
| Opened | 1953 (1953) |


title: Lushoto District, Tanga

abstract: Lushoto is one of the eleven districts of Tanga Region in Tanzania. It is bordered to the northeast by Kenya, to the east by the Muheza District, to the northwest by the Kilimanjaro Region, west by Korogwe District and to the south by the Bumbuli District. The district's capital and largest town is Lushoto.

text:
# Lushoto District, Tanga

**Lushoto** is one of the eleven districts of Tanga Region in Tanzania. It is bordered to the northeast by Kenya, to the east by the Muheza District, to the northwest by the Kilimanjaro Region, west by Korogwe District and to the south by the Bumbuli District. The district's capital and largest town is Lushoto.

## History

It was formerly known as *Wilhelmstal* (William's Valley) and was named after Emperor Wilhelm II.

During the German colonial period from the 1890s to 1918 the area was popular with settlers, hence the German place name of Wilhelmstal. Large farms and plantations were created, and the district was valued for its pleasant mountain climate. Numerous church missions were, and remain, active.

Between 1893 and 1911 the German *Ostafrikanische Eisenbahngesellschaft* (East African Railway Company) constructed an important railway line starting at Tanga on the coast and passing along the Usambara Mountains with a station at Mombo, about 20 kilometers (12 mi) from Wilhelmstal, to "New" Moshi at Kilimanjaro. The initial plan of the *Usambarabahn* was to connect the port of Tanga with Lake Victoria by passing south of the Usambara Mountains. This was in direct competition with parallel British efforts in colonial Kenya. From 4 June 1912 to 12 May 1913 the line was renamed *Nordbahn* (Northern Railway).

According to the 2002 Tanzania National Census, the population of the Lushoto District was 419,970. By 2012, the population had increased to 492,441. In 2016, Lushoto district was separated from Bumbuli District there to population of Lushot as of 2012 was 332,436. In 2022, the population was 350,958.

## Administrative subdivisions

### Wards

As of 2012, Lushoto District is administratively divided into 28 wards:

1. Lushoto
2. Gare
3. Kwai
4. Ubiri
5. Mtae
6. Sunga
7. Rangwi
8. Mnazi
9. Lunguza
10. Mbaramo
11. Mng'aro
12. Mlalo
13. Mwangoi
14. Shume
15. Malindi
16. Hemtoye
17. Malibwi
18. Mlola
19. Makanya
20. Ngwelo
21. Kilole
22. Kwekanga
23. Lukozi
24. Manolo
25. Dule M
26. Kwemshasha
27. Ngulwi
28. Kwemashai

4°47′55″S 38°17′25″E / 4.79861°S 38.29028°E / -4.79861; 38.29028

## InfoBox

| Lushoto *Wilaya ya Lushoto* (Swahili) | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
| Wilaya ya Lushoto, Mkoa wa Tanga | |
| Aerial view of Lushoto | |
| Location within Tanga. | |
| Country | Tanzania |
| Zone | Northern |
| Region | Tanga |
| Seat | member of parliament |
| Government | |
| District Commissioner | Majidi mwanga (shabani omari shekilindi) |
| Area | |
| Total | 3,297 km2 (1,273 sq mi) |
| Population (2022) | |
| Total | 350,958 |
| Density | 110/km2 (280/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |
| Postcode | 217xx |
| Area code | 027 |
| Website | District website |


abstract: The 1992 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final was the deciding match of the 1992 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The 105th All-Ireland SFC final, the event was held at Croke Park on 20 September 1992 and contested by Dublin and Donegal. Donegal won the match by 0–18 to 0–14, with man of the match Manus Boyle scoring nine points and Dublin's Charlie Redmond missing a penalty. Dublin entered the game as heavy favourites to take the Sam Maguire Cup over the River Liffey. Instead, Donegal seized it from their grasp and took the cup with them to the north-west. The surprise outcome was hailed as one of the most unbelievable shocks seen in championship football at the time. Wild scenes were reported throughout the country for many months afterwards. The match is regarded nationally as one of the greatest All-Ireland SFC finals in history. It was the second of what was to be four consecutive All-Ireland SFCs won by Ulster counties in the 1990s, through 1991 winners Down had thrice won the competition during the 1960s. The broadcast of the game, live on Network Two by RTÉ Sport, featured match commentary provided by Ger Canning and Meath footballer Colm O'Rourke.

text:
# 1992 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final

The **1992 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final** was the deciding match of the 1992 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland. The 105th All-Ireland SFC final, the event was held at Croke Park on 20 September 1992 and contested by Dublin and Donegal. Donegal won the match by 0–18 to 0–14, with man of the match Manus Boyle scoring nine points and Dublin's Charlie Redmond missing a penalty.

Dublin entered the game as heavy favourites to take the Sam Maguire Cup over the River Liffey. Instead, Donegal seized it from their grasp and took the cup with them to the north-west. The surprise outcome was hailed as one of the most unbelievable shocks seen in championship football at the time. Wild scenes were reported throughout the country for many months afterwards.

The match is regarded nationally as one of the greatest All-Ireland SFC finals in history. It was the second of what was to be four consecutive All-Ireland SFCs won by Ulster counties in the 1990s, through 1991 winners Down had thrice won the competition during the 1960s.

The broadcast of the game, live on Network Two by RTÉ Sport, featured match commentary provided by Ger Canning and Meath footballer Colm O'Rourke.

## Route to the final

As an Ulster-based team, Donegal started their campaign in the Ulster Senior Football Championship. They defeated Cavan in the quarter-final at Breffni Park. They defeated Fermanagh in the semi-final at Healy Park and Derry in the final at St Tiernach's Park. Thus Donegal qualified for the All-Ireland semi-final, in which they defeated Mayo at Croke Park.

As a Leinster-based team, Dublin started their campaign in the Leinster Senior Football Championship. They beat Offaly in a preliminary round match, held at O'Connor Park. They beat Wexford in a quarter-final at O'Moore Park. They beat Louth in the semi-final and Kildare in the final, both games held at Croke Park. Thus Dublin qualified for the All-Ireland semi-final, in which they beat surprise package Clare at Croke Park.

## Match

### Background

Dublin were regarded as heavy favourites to win what would have been their 22nd All-Ireland SFC title and their first since 1983. They were appearing at this stage for the first time since 1985. This was the eighteenth occasion on which they had encountered an Ulster team in the championship; they had never been defeated during the previous seventeen. Donegal were regarded as "rank outsiders". They were the 24th team to appear at this stage.

The Donegal team had many players who had won the 1982 and 1987 All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championships: Paul Carr, Matt Gallagher, Martin McHugh, Joyce McMullan, Sylvester Maguire, Anthony Molloy, Charlie Mulgrew and Donal Reid from the former and Manus Boyle, John Cunningham, John Joe Doherty, Barry McGowan and Tommy Ryan from the latter.

The search for tickets was the dominant feature of the match build-up in Donegal. Jim McGuinness, a player on Donegal's panel, later wrote in *The Irish Times* that the team derived inspiration from boxer Michael Carruth's gold medal fight in the men's welterweight event at the 1992 Summer Olympics, which they all listened to on the radio before a training session one week before the game. Ahead of the game, the Donegal panel spent a night at Shelbourne Park, where matchboxes and lighters were distributed with the words "Dublin All-Ireland winners '92". On the morning of the game, the panel attended Mass in Lucan (said by Bishop of Raphoe Séamus Hegarty, who had opted to forgo a planned trip to Rome that coincided with the day). Brian McEniff was Donegal manager that day; his backroom team included Michael Lafferty, Seamus Bonner and Naul McCole, trainer Anthony Harkin, team doctor Austin O'Kennedy, "man in the stand" Pauric McShea, and "man in Dublin" Sean Ferriter.

Tommy Sugrue from Kerry was named as 1992 All-Ireland SFC final referee.

The minor match took place as the traditional curtain raiser. There was a slight breeze favouring the team playing from right to left, with the sun directed at the eyes of the team defending from the left (which was Armagh in the second half). The minor match went down to the final whistle and concluded with seven minutes of injury time.

Dublin were unchanged from their All-Ireland semi-final. Forward Charlie Redmond was playing in his 25th championship match, while goalkeeper John O'Leary was playing in his 50th championship match.

Donegal were forced to make two late changes to the starting line-up that defeated Mayo in their All-Ireland semi-final. Particularly late was the addition of John Joe Doherty. Martin Shovlin and Tommy Ryan dropped to the bench. Manus Boyle and Doherty, who had not started the semi-final, came in from the start. Boyle had featured as a substitute against Mayo; Doherty had not. Neither Shovlin nor Ryan played in the final. Barry McGowan played at right-corner-back, while Doherty played at left-half-back in the absence of Shovlin.

This was Doherty's 10th championship match. Donegal goalkeeper Gary Walsh was playing in his 20th championship match.

Shortly before throw-in, McEniff was informed that the brother of one of his players, Joyce McMullan, had died from cancer. He chose not to inform McMullan or anyone else on the team until after the match. McEniff later described it as follows: "Everything had gone so smoothly but when I heard that I was knocked for six. Luckily, the lads were outside watching a bit of the minor match. I stamped up and down before deciding that Gerard would have wanted Joyce to play. When the team came back, they could see something was wrong with me, but I managed to hold it together". It later emerged that there had been a miscommunication, and that McMullan's brother had not died. He did so a year later.

Tony Boyle's left knee was heavily strapped, a fact which was much remarked upon before the game; this resulted from an injury he had sustained in the Ulster final. Martin Gavigan and Anthony Molloy also started the game with a leg each strapped.

Finbar Wright sang the national anthem before the game got underway. As Sugrue threw the ball in to commence play, RTÉ co-commentator Colm O'Rourke described it as "absolute perfect conditions for a game… the wind has died and the sun has gone in".

### First half

Donegal played into the Hill 16 end (right to left) in the first half. Molloy chose this in an effort to prevent Dublin from dominating the early part of the game.

The ball fell to Donegal team captain Anthony Molloy from the throw-in; he hit it forward, with Tony Boyle gathering but Boyle being wrestled to the ground by Dublin's Gerry Hargan, who conceded a free to Donegal. Martin McHugh stepped up to take; he sent the ball to the right and wide. Paul Clarke, receiving the ball from Eamon Heery, sent it spinning into the air while attempting to score from distance; Molloy tussled with Vinny Murphy in the effort to retrieve and Sugrue blew his whistle for a free to Dublin. O'Rourke said: "I think Anthony Molloy was very hard done by there. He was pushed out of the way by Vinny Murphy's momentum". Charlie Redmond scored to send Dublin into the lead after two and a half minutes.

Boyle went through the Dublin defence but missed an easy point, to give Donegal their second wide of the game. Mick Galvin then scored Dublin's second point of the game. His teammate Keith Barr collected the ball from Donegal goalkeeper Gary Walsh's kick-out but Barr hopped the ball twice, conceding the free to Donegal with five and a half minutes gone. McHugh took a short free which went straight to Clarke who cleared. Declan Bonner received the ball from Martin Gavigan, only for Jack Sheedy to barge in and push him in the back; Bonner was sent tumbling to the ground and referee Sugrue had words with Sheedy. Bonner delivered the free; Joyce McMullan scrambled amid the Dublin defence James McHugh sent the ball crashing off the crossbar. His brother Martin fired the rebound over the bar to give Donegal their first point of the game after seven a half minutes. O'Rourke commented: "Once the ball comes in high, the Dublin back line are not that great in the air".

Boyle conceded a free after fouling Heery on his way out. Barr sent the ball forward. The ball broke to Dessie Farrell; it went wide. But referee Sugrue blew his whistle and awarded a penalty to Dublin after eight minutes for, as RTÉ television commentator Ger Canning said, "some pushing on Farrell". O'Rourke though, on viewing the replay of Noel Hegarty patting at Farrell before Farrell threw himself sideways through the air, responded: "Ah now, it was a harmless enough penalty". Canning then said: "I have to say, looking at that again, there didn't *seem* to be any push. That looked a very harsh decision". Charlie Redmond stepped up to take the penalty for Dublin. He sent it skyward, to Walsh's left and wide. Canning described it as "poetic justice" that a foul given for "a fairly innocuous challenge" had come to nothing.

Galvin touched the ball on the ground, conceding the free to Donegal. However, Dublin retrieved possession and Vinny Murphy scored Dublin's third point of the game. Goalkeeper Gary Walsh struck the ball outfield; it reached Manus Boyle but (as Canning called it, "still struggling to make an impact") all he could do was give Donegal their third wide with eleven minutes gone. Dessie Farrell pulled Barry McGowan to the ground, conceding a sloppy free to Donegal. McGowan sent the free to Donal Reid, who gave it to Molloy just to his right; Molloy kicked it to Manus Boyle who passed to James McHugh and McHugh sent the ball over the bar for Donegal's second point. Canning mentioned that "Dublin are prone to lose concentration from time to time", as Redmond "in full flight" sent another ball skywards and wide. Redmond, again in an advanced position, lost the ball to Noel Hegarty. Redmond then showed his indiscipline by injuring Hegarty "in the face" (Canning) "with a heavy tackle" (O'Rourke). It was Donegal's ninth free kick, with a quarter of an hour gone. However, Dublin regained possession and Sheedy scored Dublin's fourth point of the game. O'Rourke noticed that Vinny Murphy had fouled in hand-passing the ball to Sheedy, so the point should not have stood. Around midway through the first half, Martin McHugh was pushed in the back; from the resulting free (which McHugh quickly took), Brian Murray sent the ball wide with his left foot. But Dublin goalkeeper John O'Leary kicked the ball straight to Brian Murray, who sent James McHugh through; Dublin's D. Foran fouled McHugh. Declan Bonner sent over the resulting free, leaving the score at Dublin 0–4 Donegal 0–3. Dublin attacked again but Gavigan booted the ball up the field, Bonner collected and passed to Molloy, who sent it flying onwards to an unmarked Tony Boyle (O'Rourke: "Gerry Hargan has lost Tony Boyle completely"); Boyle passed it across the Dublin goal to Manus Boyle, who struck the crossbar with the goal gaping, though the ball went over for a point, levelling the match. Canning reminded viewers: "Dublin, as we said earlier, are inclined to lose concentration from time to time and that was one instance". Sheedy, with his second point of the game, instantly restored Dublin's one-point lead, despite the best efforts of Martin McHugh.

> "It was a very good Donegal side, they proved their worth. They came in under the radar, but they weren't pot lucky. They were an experienced side with the likes of the two McHughs \[brothers James and Martin\], Bonner, Gallagher, Molloy, and Murray. Donegal were very experienced, they were a battle hardened team".

Keith Barr speaking about the game in 2020

O'Rourke commented: "A lot of high quality football in this game so far". Then Vinny Murphy handed the ball to Donegal's Matt Gallagher, who passed along the sideline to Bonner, who passed to Molloy, who ran inside and released Martin McHugh, who ran through the Dublin defence, saw off four Dublin players, sent the ball over the bar for his second point of the game and brought his team level again. Canning said: "The game is now turning out to be all we had hoped it might be". Almost instantly, while the replay of Martin McHugh was still being shown to television viewers, Donegal attacked again; Bonner shot high from distance and over the bar for his second point, giving Donegal the lead for the first time in the match. Donegal regained possession from O'Leary's kick-out but Murray sent the ball wide again, the fifth Donegal wide of the game and Murray's second. O'Leary kicked the ball outfield once more but Donegal won possession and a free in the middle of the pitch. Martin McHugh sent the ball towards Manus Boyle; Sheedy hauled Boyle to the ground. Boyle sent the ball over the bar for his second point of the game, giving Donegal a two-point lead (0–7 to 0–5). Again from O'Leary's kick-out, Dublin lost possession (by conceding a sideline free), allowing Manus Boyle's persistence to make a point for Tony Boyle, giving Donegal a three-point lead with ten minutes to go until half-time. O'Rourke commented: "Donegal are playing the game at a fantastic pace. They're getting everything back into play very quickly, frees and sidelines". Farrell received a long ball from Heery and hit it directly over the bar, reducing Donegal's lead to two again. Keith Barr's name was taken by the referee after a head-high shoulder challenge on Molloy. Martin McHugh kicked Donegal's eleventh wide, as his scapular broke through his jersey and flapped loosely in the breeze (erroneously referred to by O'Rourke as "his Miraculous Medal"). "Dublin having to battle now, being made to fight by a very tenacious Donegal side", said Canning. Vinny Murphy was forced by Matt Gallagher to attempt a point from distance; Walsh simply caught the ball. "The pace", said Canning in commentary, "is absolutely amazing so far for amateur players". "Absolutely breathtaking game at the moment", agreed O'Rourke. Three and a half minutes away from half-time, Manus Boyle collected a free delivered by Brian Murray, turned to his right and sent it over the bar for his third point and, in doing so, restoring Donegal's three-point lead. Redmond sent a free over the bar to reduce the deficit to two once more with about a minute to go until half-time. But it fell to Martin McHugh to score the final point of the half, receiving the ball from brother James after Gary Walsh's kick-out and leaving the score at the interval at Donegal 0–10 to Dublin 0–7. Donegal, and Anthony Molloy, were in possession when Sugrue blew the half-time whistle.

### Second half

Dublin introduced Paul Bealin as a half-time substitute. With play recommencing, Keith Barr sent the ball forward from a free towards Vinny Murphy who knocked it wide. Mick Galvin scored the opening point of the second half and his second of the match, reducing Donegal's lead to two once again. Dublin's Paul Curran fouled Joyce McMullan. Manus Boyle sent the resulting free over the bar, restoring Donegal's three-point lead. Barr sent the ball towards Murphy from a free again but Gary Walsh gained possession prompting Farrell and Murphy to gang up on and foul the Donegal goalkeeper. James McHugh went on a mazy run through the Dublin defence in a move that also involved Bonner receiving and then returning to McMullan; McHugh sent the ball wide. Farrell advanced along the sideline and attempted a point for Dublin; Walsh, however, plucked the dropping ball as it flew towards the crossbar. Murphy had the next attempt for Dublin; this went wide.

From Walsh's kick-out the Dublin substitute Bealin struck the ball but it went to the left and wide. This time from Walsh's kick-out the ball broke to Donegal's McMullan, who sent Brian Murray through; Murray, with Paul Clarke tugging on him, passed to Manus Boyle but Dublin fouled Boyle. Murray's run had left him hobbling as the camera moved off him and focused on referee Sugrue and Manus Boyle, until Boyle alerted Sugrue to what was going on behind him. Murray was then seen lying on his back in some discomfort with his left (unstrapped) leg in the air, as the Donegal medical team arrived to tend to him. Barry Cunningham was then seen on the sideline warming up. Meanwhile, as Murray lay stricken upon the ground, a Dublin player (Paul Curran) took the opportunity to move the ball to a more advantageous position; cheers from the Donegal supporters alerted Sugrue to this indiscretion and he restored the ball to its appropriate position. Murray got to his feet then fell again, holding his left (unstrapped) calf muscle. He got to his feet a second time and proceeded to limp off the pitch. Cunningham entered the field of play in Murray's place. Manus Boyle sent the free over the bar, his fifth point, to give a Donegal a four-point lead for the first time in the match (Donegal 0–12 to Dublin 0–8). From O'Leary's kick-out the ball fell to Donegal's Martin Gavigan; Gavigan passed to Martin McHugh, who sent Cunningham through only for Paul Curran to take him down as he approached the Dublin goal. Manus Boyle sent the free over to score his sixth point and open up a five-point lead for Donegal (0–13 to 0–8).

Vinny Murphy fouled Cunningham close to the Donegal goal. Walsh resorted to donning a white cap with the logo of a German clothing manufacturer on it, as the sun began to affect his vision. Martin McHugh blocked an attempted pass by Keith Barr. The ball fell to Curran, who ran forward, but Noel Hegarty intercepted Curran's attempted pass and raced clear. Dublin's Niall Guiden scored the next point, reducing the deficit to four points and ensuring that all six of his team's forwards would score in the game. Receiving the ball from Declan Bonner, Manus Boyle sent it off target for his team's second wide of the half. A high challenge by Dessie Farrell on Donegal captain Anthony Molloy was penalised. From this, Dublin gave away another free nearer their goal; Declan Bonner stepped up to send the ball over the bar, his third point of the game and his second from a free, leaving the score at Donegal 0–14 Dublin 0–9 midway through the second half. As Noel Hegarty charged through and sent a pass outside to Manus Boyle, Canning remarked that Dublin were "very disappointing so far… the Dubs simply haven't been able to perform because of the tenacity of this Donegal challenge"; Mick Deegan knocked the ball out and conceded a '45 to Donegal. Martin McHugh sent the ball in but nothing came of it for Donegal. Dublin broke away down the field but Sheedy ultimately fired wide. Bealin sent Walsh's kick-out in the general direction of Charlie Redmond but Redmond conceded possession back to Donegal. Dublin's next attack broke down when Donegal forward Manus Boyle blocked down defender Deegan's pass deep in Donegal territory in front of Hill 16; Gavigan gathered the ball, only for Sheedy to pull him by his jersey to the ground and concede a foul. Bealin launched the ball in once more; Vinny Murphy charged through but Matt Gallagher blocked his effort, with Murphy retrieving the ball and passing to Redmond in a frantic passage of play, Redmond ultimately losing the ball and his temper and flattening Barry McGowan. Still incensed, Redmond grabbed the ball from Barr as he approached to take a 50-metre free; Redmond's delivery dropped straight into Cunningham's hands. Redmond, through again, lost the ball to a challenge from Walsh; Vinny Murphy collected and, as two Donegal defenders leaped towards him, struck Dublin's seventh wide from close range.

"Dublin struggling very, very badly at the moment… Donegal will probably win this match if they can avoid giving away a goal at this stage", said O'Rourke. An object was lobbed from Hill 16 in the direction of Donegal goalkeeper Walsh. A pile-up in the midfield led Sugrue to award the free to Donegal with twelve minutes remaining; Gavigan kicked it towards Tony Boyle, who lost possession in a challenge from Paul Clarke, but Manus Boyle retrieved the ball, saw off the attention of Mick Deegan and scored his seventh point of the game (Donegal 0–15 to Dublin 0–9). Canning hailed the point as follows: "Is that the kind of point that will now ensure Donegal's first All-Ireland final success? Is the cup on its way up to the north-west for the very first time?" Clarke reduced the deficit by sending a '45 between the Donegal posts with just under ten minutes of the game remaining. Murphy scored the next point with just over eight minutes left after Sheedy passed to Tommy Carr, the Dublin captain, in an advanced position. Then Heery reduced Dublin's deficit to three. Mick Deegan fouled Tony Boyle after Cunningham sent him through. Manus Boyle dispatched the free to score his eighth point of the game (his fifth from a free) and leave the score at 0–16 to 0–12. As play continued, cheers from the Donegal supporters were audible; the Dublin supporters were silenced. Redmond tapped a free between the posts from close range inside the last five minutes to reduce the deficit again to three points. Gary Walsh launched the ball upfield, Cunningham collected and kicked left-footed forward towards Manus Boyle; Boyle left a Dublin player flat on his backside and tapped the all over the bar. Gary Walsh then denied Vinnie Murphy's attempted strike on goal, turning the ball around the post. Paul Clarke scored the resulting '45 for what would prove to be Dublin's last point of the game with two minutes remaining, leaving the score at 0–17 to 0–14. From Walsh's kick-out, Cunningham fetched the ball in the middle of the field, only to be knocked of balance by Paul Curran; Manus Boyle retrieved possession and sent Martin McHugh on a run up the sideline pursued by Keith Barr; the ball found Declan Bonner whose shot went askew and O'Leary made the catch, though Tony Boyle tumbled into him and knocked him over the end-line for a foul. O'Leary, however, sent the ball directly to McMullan, who passed to James McHugh, who passed to Bonner, who ran to his right, turned onto his left and sent the ball left-footed through the flailing arms of two Dublin defenders and between the posts, then clenched his fists in celebration. Dublin, four points down and needing a goal, won a free when Donal Reid tripped N. Guy Din; however, a quick pass to Sheedy and the Dublin forward had sent the ball wide from close range. Walsh's kick-out went to Cunningham, who passed to Bonner, who fell after being interfered with by a Dublin player as Sugrue was seen with his whistle to his lips. Martin McHugh wrestled with Sugrue in a bid for primacy over the match ball.

### Details

| Donegal <br> | 0–18 – 0–14 | Dublin <br> |
| --- | --- | --- |
| M Boyle 0–9, D Bonner 0–4, M McHugh 0–3, J McHugh 0–1, T Boyle 0–1. |  | C Redmond 0–3, P Clarke 0–2, M Galvin 0–2, V Murphy 0–2, J Sheedy 0–2, E Heery 0–1, N Guiden 0–1, D Farrell 0–1. |

Croke Park, DublinAttendance: 64,547Referee: Tommy Sugrue (Kerry)

| GK **1** Gary Walsh   CB **2** Barry McGowan   FB **3** Matt Gallagher   CB **4** Noel Hegarty   WB **5** Donal Reid   HB **6** Martin Gavigan   WB **24** John Joe Doherty   MF **8** Anthony Molloy ()   MF **9** Brian Murray  44'  WF **10** James McHugh   HF **11** Martin McHugh   FW **12** Joyce McMullan   CF **13** Declan Bonner   FF **14** Tony Boyle   CF **15** Manus Boyle   **Substitutes:**  MF **20** Barry Cunningham  44'  <br>**Manager:**  Brian McEniff | GK **1** John O'Leary   CB **2** Mick Deegan   FB **3** Gerry Hargan   CB **4** Tommy Carr ()   WB **5** Paul Carr   HB **6** Keith Barr   WB **7** Eamon Heery   MF **8** Paul Clarke   MF **9** Dave Foran   WF **10** Charlie Redmond   HF **11** Jack Sheedy   WF **12** Niall Guiden   CF **13** Dessie Farrell   FF **14** Vinny Murphy   CF **15** Mick Galvin   **Substitutes:**  MF **19** Paul Bealin   <br>**Manager:**  Paddy Cullen |
| --- | --- |
|

## Post-match

Fans flooded the pitch — among them future Irish international soccer goalkeeper Shay Given and future Donegal players such as Paul Durcan.

RTÉ co-commentator Colm O'Rourke said: "Donegal were much the better team… to win it so convincingly, because they probably were an even better team than the scoreline suggested".

Donegal captain Anthony Molloy climbed the steps of the Hogan Stand to various congratulatory gestures from nearby supporters: handshakes, back claps and pats on the head of hair that he still had. After shaking the hand of the President of Ireland, he shook the hand of President of the Gaelic Athletic Association Peter Quinn, from Donegal's neighbouring county of Fermanagh. The Taoiseach then emerged from behind Quinn to shake Molloy's hand, and briefly spoke with the Donegal captain. Then a woman, a man in clerical garb and the spouse of the President of Ireland all offered Molloy their hands.

Quinn addressed his audience for just under a minute in the Irish language. He presented Molloy with the Sam Maguire Cup and the Donegal captain raised the trophy aloft. Molloy then set the cup down, rubbed his face and exchanged words with Quinn before moving towards the microphone. He spoke — also in the Irish language — to cheers from the crowd, which had by this time thronged the pitch. He then provided an English language translation, yelling: "We have done it!" The camera zoomed out to reveal Daniel O'Donnell, not far from Molloy and behind the President of Ireland, with his hand aloft and frantically waving with an enormous smile upon his face; a lady behind him bearing a Donegal flag leaned over and spoke to him and he kissed her. Molloy commenced his speech of thanks, first mentioning Michael Lafferty, Naul McCole, Seamus Bonner and Anthony Harkin, then singling out the team's trainer Anthony Harkin for "a special word of thanks". He then thanked the medical team, including physios and doctor. He thanked his wife, his family, the families of the other players, former players and supporters. He then singled out Martin Shovlin for special mention. Then he referred to team manager McEniff as "the greatest man in Ulster at the moment", drawing wild cheers from the audience. He offered commiserations to the losing Dublin team. He concluded with the exclamation "Sam is for the hills!". He walked off, wiped the left of his face and — pointed by an official towards the trophy — raised the Sam Maguire aloft again. His speech is still held in high regard within the sport nationally.

As the players took turns to raise the Sam Maguire Cup, O'Rourke noted: "I see the Taoiseach keeping a very close eye on the Donegal team, obviously looking for prospective candidates for Donegal in the next election". 27 years later, Molloy stood for the Fianna Fáil political party in the Glenties Electoral Area at the 2019 Donegal County Council election and won a seat. Albert Reynolds was no longer Taoiseach though, or leader of Fianna Fáil; indeed, he had died nearly five years previously.

Donegal's victory banquet was at a hotel in Malahide.

The winning team boarded the train westwards, trundling through the midlands towards the wilderness of Sligo, intent on embarking from there by coach bound for Donegal Town. However, crowds gathered at train-stops in Kildare, Meath, Westmeath, Longford, Leitrim and Sligo to gawk in awe at the team that had put Dublin to the sword. 9,000 people were waiting in Sligo alone. It was many hours behind schedule when the team arrived in their home county.

## Legacy

This was the first time since 1971 that a team won their maiden All-Ireland Senior Football Championship. However, this surpassed even that, as Offaly — also unfancied — had appeared in the 1961 and 1969 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship finals.

Donegal's triumph over the citizens inspired many other counties with little success at that time, including Derry, Armagh and Tyrone, to believe they could achieve the All-Ireland — these three counties achieved their dream in the next eleven years. Donegal's march to the title was still regarded nationally as an "almost mystical expedition", all those years later, until the arrival of the yet more enigmatic and impressive Jim McGuinness, who surpassed even this achievement.

Donegal returned to the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final after a 20-year absence on 23 September 2012, beating Mayo, and reached the final again in 2014, only to lose to Kerry.

Dublin laboured towards another final in 1994, only to lose again on the big daythis time to Down.

The sides have met in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship since then. The first meeting was 10 years later in 2002, with Dublin requiring a replay to beat Donegal in the quarter-final. They met again in the 2011 semi-final, where Dublin narrowly beat Donegal in a controversial game. Donegal then defeated reigning All-Ireland champions Dublin in the 2014 semi-final, in one of the biggest shocks the sport had ever witnessed.

In 2018, Martin Breheny listed 1992 as the seventh greatest All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final, placing it ahead of 1978, 1966 and the 1988 replay in his top ten finals, and behind only 1998 in that decade.

TG4 aired the match during the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020, when all live sport in the country was shut down.

## InfoBox

1992 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Event | 1992 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship |
|  | |
| Date | 20 September 1992 |
| Venue | Croke Park, Dublin |
| Man of the Match | Manus Boyle |
| Referee | Tommy Sugrue (Kerry) |
| Attendance | 64,547 |
| Weather | Dry |
|


title: Eastern Illinois Railroad

abstract: The Eastern Illinois Railroad (EIRC) was a Class III, 53-mile shortline railroad that ran from Neoga, Illinois, to Metcalf, Illinois, on former Toledo, St. Louis and Western Railroad trackage, with headquarters in Charleston, Illinois. The railroad hauled grain and lumber. There were 4 locomotives in operation on the EIRC when operations ceased, two they owned and two that were leased. They were an EMD GP9 and GP10, along with their prized pair of GP38-2 locomotives leased from ILSX and Wells Fargo. The president of EIRC was Everett Fletcher. In 2019, Watco's Decatur & Eastern Illinois Railroad filed in intent to acquire EIRC. According to the senior counsel for ADM (company), a majority shareholder of NRG Inc., EIRC ceased rail switching and terminal operations December 31, 2019, and ceased being a covered employer under the Railroad Retirement and Railroad Unemployment Insurance Acts on March 1, 2020.

text:
# Eastern Illinois Railroad

The **Eastern Illinois Railroad** (EIRC) was a Class III, 53-mile shortline railroad that ran from Neoga, Illinois, to Metcalf, Illinois, on former Toledo, St. Louis and Western Railroad trackage, with headquarters in Charleston, Illinois. The railroad hauled grain and lumber. There were 4 locomotives in operation on the EIRC when operations ceased, two they owned and two that were leased. They were an EMD GP9 and GP10, along with their prized pair of GP38-2 locomotives leased from ILSX and Wells Fargo. The president of EIRC was Everett Fletcher.

In 2019, Watco's Decatur & Eastern Illinois Railroad filed in intent to acquire EIRC. According to the senior counsel for ADM (company), a majority shareholder of NRG Inc. (which owned EIRC), EIRC ceased rail switching and terminal operations December 31, 2019, and ceased being a covered employer under the Railroad Retirement and Railroad Unemployment Insurance Acts on March 1, 2020.


title: Alfred Wellesley

abstract: Alfred Wellesley was an English stage and film actor.

text:
# Alfred Wellesley

**Alfred Wellesley** (25 July 1872 – 7 December 1943) was an English stage and film actor.

## Partial filmography

1. "Alfred Wellesley - Theatricalia". *theatricalia.com*.
2. British Film Institute website: Alfred Wellesley

## InfoBox

| Alfred Wellesley | |
| --- | --- |
| in *The Amazing Quest of Ernest Bliss* (1936) | |
| Born | Alfred Arthur Wells
(1872-07-25)25 July 1872
Finsbury, London, England |
| Died | 7 December 1943(1943-12-07) (aged 71)
Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, England |
| Occupation | Actor |


title: Alexei Sivakov

abstract: Alexei Viktorovich Sivakov is a former Russian cyclist. He is the father of fellow cyclist Pavel Sivakov.

text:
# Alexei Sivakov

**Alexei Viktorovich Sivakov** (Russian: **Алексей Викторович Сиваков**) (born 7 January 1972 in Moscow) is a former Russian cyclist. He is the father of fellow cyclist Pavel Sivakov.

## Palmares

1994 1st  Overall Tour de Serbie 1996 4th National Road Race Championships 1998 1st  Overall Circuito Montañés 1st Stages 1 & 2 2nd National Time Trial Championships 4th Grand Prix de Villers-Cotterêts 2000 3rd National Road Race Championships 2003 2nd Overall Circuit de la Sarthe

## InfoBox

Alexei Sivakov
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Alexei Viktorovich Sivakov |
| Born | (1972-01-07) 7 January 1972<br>Moscow, Russia |
| Team information | |
| Current team | Retired |
| Discipline | Road |
| Role | Rider |
| Professional teams | |
| 1996–1997 | Roslotto–ZG Mobili |
| 1998–2003 | BigMat–Auber 93 |
| 2004 | Hoop–CCC–Polsat |
| 2005 | Auber 93 |
|  | |


title: DragThing

abstract: DragThing was a shareware Dock application for Mac OS X. Intended for organization and as an application switcher, DragThing allowed for multiple docks with user-specified settings such as color, texture and shape. Dock contents could be organized into tabs and paying the shareware fee enabled the user to assign a keyboard shortcut to any dock item. DragThing won many awards, and in 2010 MacWorld gave it 4.5 mice, highlighting its utility for users who preferred using the mouse over keyboard-oriented launchers such as LaunchBar or QuickSilver.

text:
# DragThing

**DragThing** was a shareware Dock application for Mac OS X. Intended for organization and as an application switcher, DragThing allowed for multiple docks with user-specified settings such as color, texture and shape. Dock contents could be organized into tabs and paying the shareware fee enabled the user to assign a keyboard shortcut to any dock item.

DragThing won many awards, and in 2010 MacWorld gave it 4.5 mice, highlighting its utility for users who preferred using the mouse over keyboard-oriented launchers such as LaunchBar or QuickSilver.

## History

In its early versions, DragThing brought many features useful in a multitasking environment to Classic Mac OS such as alt-tab application switching and an onscreen representation of running processes. These features were not implemented by Apple until Mac OS 8.5.

DragThing was one of the first applications to adopt the Platinum appearance on Mac OS 8 and ran in the Blue Box on Apple's aborted Rhapsody project.

The DragThing release schedule slowed between 1998 and 2000, as its developer James Thomson was then employed at Apple Inc. as part of the team working on Mac OS X's Finder and Dock. He surmised that the built-in Dock of OS X would soon make DragThing obsolete. Thomson left Apple shortly after Mac OS X was released and resumed work on DragThing, releasing version 4.0 on 24 March 2001, skipping version 3. None of Thomson's code survives in the current shipping version of Apple's Dock.

DragThing was first released on 1 May 1995 and celebrated its 10th anniversary in 2005. It was praised in a 2004 article by Bruce Tognazzini, who said "...if I could have taken all the lessons learned in Systems 1 through 9 and applied them to System X, I certainly wouldn't have ended up with the Dock. No, I would have ended up with DragThing..."

In late 2018, the software developer warned of probable end-of-life. This decision was confirmed in 2019, with its website updated to say:

> DragThing is written using the 32-bit Carbon APIs that Apple have now removed in macOS 10.15 Catalina. It will no longer run if you update to Catalina, and there are no plans to make a new version that will. We are sorry to say, DragThing has launched its last app. 64-bit support would require completely rewriting the code from the ground up, a process which would take us at least a year to complete... Unfortunately, there is not enough of a market out there these days, such that it would be financially viable for us to do so.

## InfoBox

DragThing
|
|  |
| Developer(s) | James Thomson |
|  | |
| Stable release | 5.9.17 / 16 November 2016 (2016-11-16) |
|  | |
| Operating system | macOS |
| Type | Utility |
| License | Shareware |
| Website | www.dragthing.com |


title: Ali Chekr

abstract: Ali Chekr is a Lebanese épée and foil fencer. He competed at the 1968 and 1972 Summer Olympics. He also competed at the 1967 Mediterranean Games where he won a bronze medal in the individual épée event.

text:
# Ali Chekr

**Ali Chekr** (born 1 July 1937) is a Lebanese épée and foil fencer. He competed at the 1968 and 1972 Summer Olympics. He also competed at the 1967 Mediterranean Games where he won a bronze medal in the individual épée event.

## InfoBox

Ali Chekr
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1937-07-01) 1 July 1937<br>Beqaa, Lebanon |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Fencing |
| Medal record      Mediterranean Games  1967 Tunis Individual épée | |


title: Ali Momen

abstract: Ali Momen is an Iranian-Canadian actor and singer. He starred in the 2015 film Beeba Boys, and has appeared in several television shows including recurring roles on Star Trek: Discovery, Workin' Moms, and Transplant. Momen also originated the role of Kevin J./Ali and others in the Canadian production of Come from Away.

text:
# Ali Momen

**Ali Momen** is an Iranian-Canadian actor and singer. He starred in the 2015 film *Beeba Boys*, and has appeared in several television shows including recurring roles on *Star Trek: Discovery*, *Workin' Moms*, and *Transplant*. Momen also originated the role of Kevin J./Ali and others in the Canadian production of *Come from Away*.

## Early life

Momen was born in Iran, but moved to Canada with his family when he was three years old. He grew up in Thornhill, Ontario, where he attended Thornlea Secondary School. Momen originally enrolled at and attended York University to pursue law, but dropped out after two years. He enrolled in the musical theatre program at Sheridan College, where he graduated in 2006.

## Career

### Television and film

In 2008, Momen had his first film role when he portrayed a suicide bomber in the film *Traitor*, which starred Don Cheadle. In a later interview, Momen appreciated the opportunity but admitted that he regrets taking the role because of how it contributes to the over-representation of Muslims as violent and as perpetrators of terrorism. Since then, Momen has starred in various television and film roles, including recurring roles on *Star Trek: Discovery*, the CBC comedy *Workin' Moms*, and the CTV drama *Transplant*.

In 2020, Momen stated that he was writing a film based on the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art.

### Theatre

In 2014, Momen starred as Prakash in a production of *Sultans of the Street* presented by Young People's Theatre in Toronto. For his performance, Momen was nominated for a Dora Award for Outstanding Individual Performance in the Theatre for Young Audiences division.

Momen starred as Abe in the Canadian premiere production of *Disgraced*, which played at the Panasonic Theatre between April 3 and 24, 2016. The drama set a box office record for the theatre, having been seen by over 10,000 patrons during its run. Momen then transferred with the play to the Citadel Theatre, where it played between January 21 and February 12, 2017. Momen later reprised his role when Disgraced returned to the Pansaonic Theatre in November 2017 due to popular demand.

In 2017, Momen appeared in the world premiere production of *Monsoon Wedding*. The musical, produced by Berkeley Repertory Theatre, was performed between May 5 and June 25, 2017.

Beginning in 2018, Momen portrayed the role of Kevin J., Ali and others in the Canadian production of *Come from Away*. The musical opened at the Royal Alexandra Theatre in February 2018, and he remained with the production until performances were suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He returned to the show when performances resumed in December 2021, until Mirvish Productions announced they were forced to permanently close the show because of the lack of government support for the arts industry following the lockdowns. After this, Momen reprised his role of Kevin J., Ali, and others during the North American tour of *Come from Away* in 2022, as well as at a special concert staging of the musical in Gander.

Momen will reprise his role of Kevin J., Ali and others in the Canadian revival production of *Come from Away*. The musical will play at the Babs Asper Theatre in Ottawa between August 14 and September 1, 2024, before transferring to the Royal Alexandra Theatre where it will begin performances on September 22, 2024.

### Business

Momen co-founded the dating app Bokay, which was officially launched in March 2024. Loosely inspired by the premise of *Love Is Blind*, Bokay users are instead required to get to know each other through a series of personality-revealing prompts before finally seeing photos of each other. In June 2024, "Juno" was launched as part of the app, which is an AI relationship coach that supports users on Bokay.

## Activism

In 2020, Momen began advocating for an "Arts New Deal", an initiative aimed at revitalizing the arts sector in Canada that has been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Inspired by how President Franklin D. Roosevelt supported arts and culture workers during the Great Depression, Momen advocates for the Canadian government to pay artists to produce various types of work. Momen advocates for embedding art into all aspects of Canadian society, with a goal of promoting cultural growth and economic recovery through a more integrated and supported arts community.

In 2021, Momen announced that he would be seeking the Liberal nomination in the provincial riding of Toronto-St. Paul's. However, he lost the nomination race to Dr. Nathan Stall.

## Credits

### Television

| Year | Show | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | *The Border* | Ahmed | Episode S1.E8: "Enemy Contact" |
| 2010 | *How to Be Indie* | Baldev | Episode S1.E16: "How to Make the Most Out of Being a Host" |
| 2011 | *Combat Hospital* | Khan Saour | Episode S1.E5: "Hells Bells" |
| 2012 | *The L.A. Complex* | Navid | 4 episodes |
| 2012 | *Mayday* | Saudi Air Traffic Controller | Episode S11.E9: "Under Pressure" |
| 2013 | *Cracked* | Rick Carga | Episode S1.E9: "Cherry Blossoms" |
| 2013 | *Satisfaction* | Douchebag #1 | Episode S1.E7: "Janet" |
| 2014 | *Space Riders: Division Earth* | Pardeep | Recurring role: 3 episodes |
| 2014 | *The Strain* | Dr. William Lester | 2 episodes: S1.E2: "The Box"; S1.E3: "Gone Smooth" |
| 2016 | *Houdini & Doyle* | Rustom Avari | Episode S1.E9: "Necromanteion" |
| 2016 | *Kim's Convenience* | Handsome Customer | Episode S1.E13: "Family Singing Contest" |
| 2017 | *Incorporated* | Mr. Tahan | Episode S1.E8: "Operational Realignment" |
| 2017 | *Save Me* | Plaid Shirt #2 | Episode S1.E7: "Injuries Due to Distracted Walking" |
| 2017 | *Played* | Matthew | Episode S1.E7: "Ghosts" |
| 2017–2019 | *Star Trek: Discovery* | Specialist Kamran Gant | Recurring role: 5 episodes |
| 2021 | *Coroner* | Yash | Episode S3.E5: "Back to the Future" |
| 2021 | *Nurses* | Raja Khanna | Episode S2.E8: "Best Day Ever" |
| 2021–2024 | *Hudson & Rex* | David Aziz | 2 episodes: S4.E5: "Rex to Riches"; S6.E8: "Doghouse" |
| 2022–2023 | *Workin' Moms* | Walker | Recurring role: 8 episodes |
| 2022–2024 | *Transplant* | Dr. Karim Esfahani | Recurring role: 9 episodes |
| 2023 | *Accused* | Principal Sam Canosa | Episode S1.E1: "Scott's Story" |
|

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | *Traitor* | Suicide Bomber #3 |  |
| 2013 | *The Animal Project* | Shaun | Uncredited |
| 2015 | *Drift* | Nadim | Short film |
| 2015 | *Beeba Boys* | Nep |  |
| 2021 | *PAW Patrol: The Movie* | Additional voices | Voice role |
| 2022 | *This Place* | Behrooz |  |
|

### Theater

| Year | Production | Role | Location | Category | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | *Wonderful Town* | Greenwich Villager / Cadet | Festival Theatre | Regional / Shaw Festival |  |
| 2010 | *An Ideal Husband* | Viscount de Nanjac | Festival Theatre | Regional / Shaw Festival |  |
| 2010 | *Serious Money* | Zackerman | Studio Theatre | Regional / Shaw Festival |  |
| 2012 | *A Midsummer Night's Dream* | Demetrius | High Park Amphitheatre | Regional / Canadian Stage Company |  |
| 2014 | *Sultans of the Street* | Prakash | Susan Rubes Theatre | Regional / Young People's Theatre |  |
| 2016 | *Disgraced* | Abe | Panasonic Theatre | Mirvish Productions |
| 2017 | | | Citadel Theatre | Regional / Hope and Hell Theatre Company |  |
| | | | CAA Theatre | Mirvish Productions |  |
| 2017 | *Monsoon Wedding* | Vikram | Berkeley Repertory Theatre | World premiere |  |
| 2018 | *Come from Away* | Kevin Jung, Ali, and others | Royal Manitoba Theatre Centre | Pre-Toronto engagement |  |
| 2018-2020, 2021 | | | Royal Alexandra Theatre | Canadian production / Mirvish Productions |  |
| 2022 | | | First National Tour | |  |
| | | | Steele Community Centre | Concert staging: Gander |  |
| 2024 | | | Babs Asper Theatre | Pre-Toronto engagement: Ottawa |  |
| 2024–2025 | | | | Royal Alexandra Theatre | Canadian production / Mirvish Productions |
|

## InfoBox

| Ali Momen | |
| --- | --- |
| Alma mater | Sheridan College |
| Occupation(s) | Actor, singer |
| Years active | 2008–present |


title: Dunlap House (Clarksville, Arkansas)

abstract: The Dunlap House is a historic house at 101 Grandview Avenue in Clarksville, Arkansas. It is a two-story wood frame American Foursquare structure, set on a tall stone foundation on a highly visible lot near the city center. Its porch, uncharacteristic for the Foursquare style, extends only across half the front, and curves around to the left side; it is supported by Tuscan columns. The house was built about 1910 to a design by noted Arkansas architect Charles L. Thompson. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

text:
# Dunlap House (Clarksville, Arkansas)

The **Dunlap House** is a historic house at 101 Grandview Avenue in Clarksville, Arkansas. It is a two-story wood frame American Foursquare structure, set on a tall stone foundation on a highly visible lot near the city center. Its porch, uncharacteristic for the Foursquare style, extends only across half the front, and curves around to the left side; it is supported by Tuscan columns. The house was built about 1910 to a design by noted Arkansas architect Charles L. Thompson.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Dunlap House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 101 Grandview, Clarksville, Arkansas |
| Coordinates | 35°28′15″N 93°27′37″W / 35.47083°N 93.46028°W / 35.47083; -93.46028 |
| Built | 1910 |
| Architect | Charles L. Thompson |
| Architectural style | Colonial Revival |
| MPS | Charles L. Thompson, Design Collection TR |
| NRHP reference No. | 82000855 |
| Added to NRHP | December 22, 1982 |


title: Alicia Ely Yamin

abstract: Alicia Ely Yamin teaches at Harvard University and is a Senior Fellow at the Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology and Bioethics at Harvard Law School as well as an adjunct senior lecturer at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health. She is also a Senior Adviser at Partners In Health. Yamin’s career has combined fieldwork, advocacy and scholarship in relation to health-related rights. Yamin co-founded the program on human rights in health at the Asociación pro Derechos Humanos (APRODEH) in Peru. In 2016, the UN Secretary General appointed Yamin as one of the ten international experts to the Independent Accountability Panel (IAP) for the Global Strategy on Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health in the Sustainable Development Goals. Yamin has served on numerous WHO and UN advisory groups and committees, and has advised high courts around the world in relation to health rights cases. She was chair of the board of the Center for Economic and Social Rights from 2009–15, and currently serves on the Board of Directors of Women in Global Health. From 2016-18, Yamin was a visiting professor at Georgetown University Law Center. Prior to that she held positions as Policy Director of the Francois-Xavier-Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights at Harvard University, and Director of Research and Investigations at Physicians for Human Rights. Yamin has received various distinctions and awards in relation to her work, including the Joseph H Flom Fellowship in Global Health and Human Rights at Harvard Law School and the Gladstein Distinguished Visiting Professorship at the University of Connecticut.

text:
# Alicia Ely Yamin

**Alicia Ely Yamin** teaches at Harvard University and is a Senior Fellow at the Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology and Bioethics at Harvard Law School as well as an adjunct senior lecturer at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health. She is also a Senior Adviser at Partners In Health. Yamin’s career has combined fieldwork, advocacy and scholarship in relation to health-related rights. Yamin co-founded the program on human rights in health at the Asociación pro Derechos Humanos (APRODEH) in Peru.

In 2016, the UN Secretary General appointed Yamin as one of the ten international experts to the Independent Accountability Panel (IAP) for the Global Strategy on Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health in the Sustainable Development Goals.

Yamin has served on numerous WHO and UN advisory groups and committees, and has advised high courts around the world in relation to health rights cases. She was chair of the board of the Center for Economic and Social Rights from 2009–15, and currently serves on the Board of Directors of Women in Global Health.

From 2016-18, Yamin was a visiting professor at Georgetown University Law Center. Prior to that she held positions as Policy Director of the Francois-Xavier-Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights at Harvard University, and Director of Research and Investigations at Physicians for Human Rights.

Yamin has received various distinctions and awards in relation to her work, including the Joseph H Flom Fellowship in Global Health and Human Rights at Harvard Law School and the Gladstein Distinguished Visiting Professorship at the University of Connecticut.

## Education

Yamin is a graduate of Harvard College, Harvard Law School and the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health. She also earned a PhD in law from the Universidad de Buenos Aires.

Yamin began her career in health and human rights at the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, where she worked with the Averting Maternal Death and Disability Program on maternal and reproductive health. Her work has continued to focus on reproductive justice, the enforceability of health rights, and on the intersections of global health, development and human rights law.

## InfoBox

| Alicia Ely Yamin | |
| --- | --- |
| Alma mater |  |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | Harvard Law School |
|  | |
| Website |  |


title: Alicia Erian

abstract: Alicia Erian is an American novelist. She was born to an Egyptian father and American mother of Polish descent. She received a Bachelor of Arts in English from Binghamton University and a Master of Fine Arts in writing from Vermont College. A writer of short stories, some of her work has appeared in Zoetrope: All Story and the Iowa Review. She has published one collection of short stories and one novel. Erian lived in Brooklyn, New York, for a time with ex-husband David Franklin, but now lives in Massachusetts, where she taught creative writing at Wellesley College (2004–2008). She has worked as a film director and screenwriter, and has also attracted interest from Julia Roberts' production company, American Girl Films, as well as Francis Ford Coppola.

text:
# Alicia Erian

**Alicia Erian** (born 1967) is an American novelist.

She was born to an Egyptian father and American mother of Polish descent. She received a Bachelor of Arts in English from Binghamton University and a Master of Fine Arts in writing from Vermont College. A writer of short stories, some of her work has appeared in *Zoetrope: All Story* and the *Iowa Review*. She has published one collection of short stories and one novel. Erian lived in Brooklyn, New York, for a time with ex-husband David Franklin, but now lives in Massachusetts, where she taught creative writing at Wellesley College (2004–2008). She has worked as a film director and screenwriter, and has also attracted interest from Julia Roberts' production company, American Girl Films, as well as Francis Ford Coppola.

## Works

Erian's first published work was a collection of short stories titled *The Brutal Language of Love*, published in 2001. Each story features a female protagonist. *The Brutal Language of Love* tells heartbreaking tales of love and sex, and dilemmas caused by the intertwining of the two.

Alicia Erian's 2005 novel, *Towelhead* is a coming of age story about a thirteen-year-old girl named Jasira, who is sent from her Euro-American mother's home in Syracuse, New York to live with her Lebanese father in Houston, Texas. *Towelhead* has been adapted into a film written and directed by Alan Ball, starring Summer Bishil, Aaron Eckhart, Toni Collette, Maria Bello, and Peter Macdissi.

In 2008, Alicia Erian wrote the screenplay for the short film *Hammer and Anvil*, which was developed at the Sundance Institute's 2008 January Screenwriters Lab. *Hammer and Anvil* is directed by Michael Greif.

## InfoBox

| Alicia Erian | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1967 (age 5657)<br>Syracuse, New York, U.S. |
| Occupation | Author |
| Period | 2001–present |


title: Duke of Ficalho

abstract: Duke of Ficalho was a Portuguese title of nobility, granted by a decree issued by Queen Maria II of Portugal on May 14, 1836, to Eugénia de Almeida Portugal, 2nd Countess of Ficalho by marriage. She was the eldest daughter of the 3rd Marquis of Lavradio. The Queen elevated Dona Eugénia Almeida Portugal to the title of Marchioness and, in 1836, to Duchess of Ficalho, when she became the queen's Maid of Honour (Camareira-Mór), the highest palatine office for a lady.

text:
# Duke of Ficalho

**Duke of Ficalho** (in Portuguese *Duque de Ficalho*) was a Portuguese title of nobility, granted by a decree issued by Queen Maria II of Portugal on May 14, 1836, to Eugénia de Almeida Portugal, 2nd Countess of Ficalho by marriage.

She was the eldest daughter of the 3rd Marquis of Lavradio.

The Queen elevated *Dona* Eugénia Almeida Portugal to the title of Marchioness and, in 1836, to Duchess of Ficalho (only during her life), when she became the queen's Maid of Honour (*Camareira-Mór*), the highest palatine office for a lady.

## List of dukes of Ficalho

1. Eugénia Maurícia Tomásia Almeida Portugal, 1st. Duchess of Ficalho (1784–1859)

## Other titles