abstract: The 2000–01 season was the 102nd season of competitive league football in the history of English football club Wolverhampton Wanderers. They played the season in the second tier of the English football system, the Football League First Division. The team finished in 12th position, their lowest league finish for five seasons. Colin Lee began the season as manager but was sacked in December 2000 with the team just a single point clear of the relegation zone. Former Southampton manager Dave Jones replaced him in early January but could not take the side any higher than mid-table.

text:
# 2000–01 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season

The **200001 season** was the 102nd season of competitive league football in the history of English football club Wolverhampton Wanderers. They played the season in the second tier of the English football system, the Football League First Division.

The team finished in 12th position, their lowest league finish for five seasons. Colin Lee began the season as manager but was sacked in December 2000 with the team just a single point clear of the relegation zone. Former Southampton manager Dave Jones replaced him in early January but could not take the side any higher than mid-table.

## Results

### Pre-season

Wolves' pre season saw them travel to Ireland to play three local sides. They then returned home to play three Premiership teams at Molineux; the fixture against Aston Villa was a testimonial match for Mike Stowell.

| 17 July 2000 | **Waterford United** | **0–2** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Waterford, Ireland |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Robinson  76'
Epesse-Titi  85' | Stadium: Regional Sports Centre
Attendance: 2,211
Referee: Richard O'Hanlon |

| 19 July 2000 | **Cork City** | **0–0** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Cork, Ireland |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Turners Cross
Attendance: 3,500
Referee: Alan Kelly |

| 21 July 2000 | **Kilkenny City** | **0–2** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Kilkenny, Ireland |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Robinson  15'
Branch  89' | Stadium: Buckley Park
Attendance: 2,200
Referee: J O'Neill |

| 26 July 2000 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **0–1** | **Coventry City** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Keane  61' | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 4,800
Referee: Andy Hall |

| 30 July 2000 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **0–2** | **Aston Villa** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Taylor  18'
Hendrie  66' | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 11,351
Referee: Paul Rejer |

| 5 August 2000 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **1–2** | **Southampton** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Sinton  4' |  | Pahars  19'
Kachloul  54' | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 4,680
Referee: Mick Fletcher |

### Football League First Division

A total of 24 teams competed in the Football League First Division in the 200001 season. Each team played every other team twice: once at their stadium, and once at the opposition's. Three points were awarded to teams for each win, one point per draw, and none for defeats.

The provisional fixture list was released on 22 June 2000, but was subject to change in the event of matches being selected for television coverage or police concerns.

| 13 August 2000 1 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **1–1** | **Sheffield Wednesday** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12:30 GMT | Ketsbaia  18' | Report | Booth  79' | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 19,086 (1,969 away fans)
Referee: Mark Halsey |

| 19 August 2000 2 | **Stockport County** | **1–1** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Stockport |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST | Moore  55' | Report | Bazeley  71' | Stadium: Edgeley Park
Attendance: 7,758 (2,146 away fans)
Referee: Mark Cowburn |

| 26 August 2000 3 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **1–0** | **Burnley** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST | Sedgley  74' | Report |  | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 20,156 (2,682 away fans)
Referee: Mike Jones |

| 28 August 2000 4 | **Portsmouth** | **3–1** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Portsmouth |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST | Claridge  2', 30', 32' (pen.) | Report | Ketsbaia  45' | Stadium: Fratton Park
Attendance: 14,124 (1,586 away fans)
Referee: Andy Butler |

| 2 September 2000 5 | **Gillingham** | **1–0** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Gillingham |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST | Lewis  4' | Report |  | Stadium: Priestfield
Attendance: 10,017 (1,531 away fans)
Referee: Paul Durkin |

| 9 September 2000 6 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **1–2** | **Tranmere Rovers** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST | Robinson  12' | Report | Allison  43'
Barlow  83' (pen.) | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 17,252 (806 away fans)
Referee: Steve Lodge |

| 12 September 2000 7 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **0–0** | **Sheffield United** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 BST |  | Report |  | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 14,853 (677 away fans)
Referee: George Cain |

| 16 September 2000 8 | **Wimbledon** | **1–1** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | London |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST | Hartson  58' | Report | Lescott  79' | Stadium: Selhurst Park
Attendance: 8,761 (1,786 away fans)
Referee: Peter Walton |

| 24 September 2000 9 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **4–0** | **Norwich City** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:00 BST | Proudlock  21'
Dinning  26'
Robinson  45'
Branch  70' | Report |  | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 15,105 (473 away fans)
Referee: Scott Mathieson |

| 30 September 2000 10 | **Nottingham Forest** | **0–0** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Nottingham |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST |  | Report |  | Stadium: City Ground
Attendance: 19,110 (1,743 away fans)
Referee: Roger Furnandiz |

| 14 October 2000 11 | **Bolton Wanderers** | **2–1** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Bolton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST | Holdsworth  28'
Bergsson  68' | Report | Dinning  53' (pen.) | Stadium: Reebok Stadium
Attendance: 15,585 (1,053 away fans)
Referee: Roy Pearson |

| 17 October 2000 12 | **West Bromwich Albion** | **1–0** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | West Bromwich |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 BST | Hughes  19' (pen.) | Report |  | Stadium: The Hawthorns
Attendance: 21,492 (5,162 away fans)
Referee: Clive Wilkes |

| 21 October 2000 13 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **0–0** | **Fulham** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST |  | Report |  | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 21,080 (1,437 away fans)
Referee: Graham Laws |

| 24 October 2000 14 | **Barnsley** | **1–2** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Barnsley |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 BST | McClare  8' | Report | Muscat  18'
Ketsbaia  45' | Stadium: Oakwell
Attendance: 13,393 (508 away fans)
Referee: Jeff Winter |

| 28 October 2000 15 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **2–2** | **Watford** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST | Muscat  47' (pen.)
Dinning  75' | Report | Cox  33'
Mooney  39' | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 20,296 (1,613 away fans)
Referee: William Burns |

| 4 November 2000 16 | **Crewe Alexandra** | **2–0** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Crewe |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT | Cramb  27', 45' | Report |  | Stadium: Gresty Road
Attendance: 7,147 (1,454 away fans)
Referee: Jeff Winter |

| 11 November 2000 17 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **1–3** | **Crystal Palace** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT | Branch  60' | Report | Freedman  23'
Morrison  45', 72' | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 17,658 (820 away fans)
Referee: Neale Barry |

| 18 November 2000 18 | **Blackburn Rovers** | **1–0** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Blackburn |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT | Dunn  64' (pen.) | Report |  | Stadium: Ewood Park
Attendance: 20,380 (2,127 away fans)
Referee: Graham Frankland |

| 21 November 2000 19 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **2–0** | **Grimsby Town** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 GMT | Dinning  6'
Ndah  45' | Report |  | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 16,088 (382 away fans)
Referee: Rob Harris |

| 25 November 2000 20 | **Queens Park Rangers** | **2–2** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | London |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT | Peacock  38'  38', 86' | Report | Ndah  19'
Pollet  43' | Stadium: Loftus Road
Attendance: 11,156 (1,036 away fans)
Referee: Lee Cable |

| 2 December 2000 21 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **2–0** | **Barnsley** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT | Robinson  28'
Dinning  59' | Report |  | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 17,340 (398 away fans)
Referee: Chris Foy |

| 9 December 2000 22 | **Huddersfield Town** | **3–0** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Huddersfield |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT | Ndlovu  49', 90'
Facey  86' | Report |  | Stadium: McAlpine Stadium
Attendance: 11,506 (1,488 away fans)
Referee: Paul Danson |

| 17 December 2000 23 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **0–1** | **Birmingham City** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:00 GMT |  | Report | Adebola  32' | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 19,938 (2,180 away fans)
Referee: Graham Laws |

| 23 December 2000 24 | **Sheffield Wednesday** | **0–1** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Sheffield |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT |  | Report | Muscat  45' | Stadium: Hillsborough
Attendance: 17,787 (883 away fans)
Referee: Roy Pearson |

| 26 December 2000 25 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **0–1** | **Preston North End** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT |  | Report | Anderson  14' | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 24,306 (1,839 away fans)
Referee: Bill Jordan |

| 30 December 2000 26 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **3–2** | **Stockport County** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT | Proudlock  22'
Wiss  32' (o.g.)
Branch  45' | Report | Nicholson  45' (pen.)
Wiss  90' | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 16,667 (488 away fans)
Referee: Mike Ryan |

| 1 January 2001 27 | **Burnley** | **1–2** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Burnley |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:00 GMT | Branch  9' | Report | Proudlock  28'
Naylor  85' | Stadium: Turf Moor
Attendance: 15,483 (1,127 away fans)
Referee: Roger Furnandiz |

| 13 January 2001 28 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **1–1** | **Portsmouth** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT | Sinton  20'
Muscat  88' | Report | Lescott  27' (o.g.) | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 20,869 (1,325 away fans)
Referee: Barry Curson |

| 3 February 2001 29 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **1–1** | **Gillingham** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT | Branch  45' | Report | King  26' | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 26,627 (1,476 away fans)
Referee: Richard Beeby |

| 10 February 2001 30 | **Tranmere Rovers** | **0–2** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Birkenhead |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT |  | Report | Flynn  21' (o.g.)
Proudlock  47' | Stadium: Prenton Park
Attendance: 9,678 (2,051 away fans)
Referee: Keith Hill |

| 20 February 2001 31 | **Sheffield United** | **1–0** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Sheffield |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 BST | D'Jaffo  21' | Report | Muscat  63' | Stadium: Bramall Lane
Attendance: 20,282 (1,144 away fans)
Referee: Scott Mathieson |

| 24 February 2001 32 | **Norwich City** | **1–0** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Norwich |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT | McVeigh  3' | Report |  | Stadium: Carrow Road
Attendance: 17,288 (903 away fans)
Referee: Peter Jones |

| 3 March 2001 33 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **2–0** | **Nottingham Forest** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT | Edds  48' (o.g.)
Proudlock  62' | Report |  | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 20,291 (1,944 away fans)
Referee: Phil Richards |

| 10 March 2001 34 | **Grimsby Town** | **0–2** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Cleethorpes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT |  | Report | Dinning  66'
Proudlock  83' | Stadium: Blundell Park
Attendance: 4,899 (1,260 away fans)
Referee: Mike Dean |

| 14 March 2001 35 | **Preston North End** | **2–0** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Preston |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 GMT | McKenna  43'
Cresswell  78' | Report |  | Stadium: Deepdale
Attendance: 15,457 (922 away fans)
Referee: Scott Mathieson |

| 18 March 2001 36 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **3–1** | **West Bromwich Albion** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:00 GMT | Ndah  23', 45'
Pollet  66' | Report | Clement  82' | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 25,069 (3,198 away fans)
Referee: Uriah Rennie |

| 1 April 2001 37 | **Birmingham City** | **0–1** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Birmingham |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:00 BST |  | Report | Ndah  1' | Stadium: St Andrew's
Attendance: 24,003 (2,104 away fans)
Referee: Frazer Stretton |

| 4 April 2001 38 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **0–1** | **Wimbledon** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 BST |  | Report | Ardley  53' | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 16,767 (168 away fans)
Referee: Mark Cowburn |

| 7 April 2001 39 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **0–1** | **Huddersfield Town** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST |  | Report | Facey  10' | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 19,423 (1,185 away fans)
Referee: Graham Frankland |

| 14 April 2001 40 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **0–0** | **Crewe Alexandra** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST |  | Report |  | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 20,364 (814 away fans)
Referee: Graham Laws |

| 17 April 2001 41 | **Watford** | **3–2** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Watford |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 BST | Mooney  8'
Smith  14'
Helguson  90' | Report | Ndah  44' (pen.)
Proudlock  80' | Stadium: Vicarage Road
Attendance: 13,765 (1,321 away fans)
Referee: Mike Jones |

| 21 April 2001 42 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **0–0** | **Blackburn Rovers** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST |  | Report |  | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 20,018 (2,381 away fans)
Referee: Paul Danson |

| 24 April 2001 43 | **Fulham** | **2–0** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | London |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 BST | Saha  23' (pen.), 70' (pen.) | Report |  | Stadium: Craven Cottage
Attendance: 15,375 (447 away fans)
Referee: Tony Leake |

| 28 April 2001 44 | **Crystal Palace** | **0–2** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | London |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 BST |  | Report | Sinton  16'
Proudlock  49' | Stadium: Selhurst Park
Attendance: 18,993 (1,690 away fans)
Referee: Mike Ryan |

| 1 May 2001 45 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **0–2** | **Bolton Wanderers** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 BST |  | Report | Holdsworth  20'
Ricketts  70' | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 16,242 (510 away fans)
Referee: David Elleray |

| 6 May 2001 46 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **1–1** | **Queens Park Rangers** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:30 BST | Lescott  36' | Report | Bruce  62' | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 17,447 (1,618 away fans)
Referee: Steve Bennett |

**Final table**

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10 | Sheffield United | 46 | 19 | 11 | 16 | 52 | 49 | +3 | 68 |
| 11 | Nottingham Forest | 46 | 20 | 8 | 18 | 55 | 53 | +2 | 68 |
| **12** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **46** | **14** | **13** | **19** | **45** | **48** | **–3** | **55** |
| 13 | Gillingham | 46 | 13 | 16 | 17 | 61 | 66 | –5 | 55 |
| 14 | Crewe Alexandra | 46 | 15 | 10 | 21 | 47 | 62 | –15 | 55 |
| 15 | Norwich City | 46 | 14 | 12 | 20 | 46 | 58 | –12 | 54 |
|

Source: Statto.com

**Results summary**

| Overall | | | | | | | | Home | | | | | | Away | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 46 | 14 | 13 | 19 | 45 | 48 | −3 | 55 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 25 | 20 | +5 | 7 | 4 | 12 | 20 | 28 | −8 |

Source: Statto.com

**Results by round**

| Round | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Result | D | D | W | L | L | L | D | D | W | D | L | L | D | W | D | L | L | L | W | D | W | L | L | W | L | W | W | D | D | W | L | L | W | W | L | W | W | L | L | D | L | D | L | W | L | D |
| Position | 9 | 13 | 8 | 15 | 17 | 19 | 16 | 18 | 13 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 15 | 14 | 18 | 20 | 21 | 15 | 16 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 15 | 17 | 14 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 12 | 12 | 12 |

Source: Statto.com
W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss

### FA Cup

| 7 January 2001 R3 | **Nottingham Forest** | **0–1** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Nottingham |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT |  | Report | Proudlock  87' | Stadium: City Ground
Attendance: 14,601 (2,438 away fans)
Referee: David Pugh |

| 27 January 2001 R4 | **Wycombe Wanderers** | **2–1** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | High Wycombe |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 GMT | Rammell  37'
Parkin  85' | Report | Robinson  59' | Stadium: Adams Park
Attendance: 9,617 (1,677 away fans)
Referee: Paul Danson |

### League Cup

| 22 August 2000 R1.1 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **0–1** | **Oxford United** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 BST |  | Report | Murphy  37' | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 9,399
Referee: Trevor Jones |

| 5 September 2000 R1.2 | **Oxford United** | **1–3**
(**2–3** agg.) | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Oxford |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 BST | Shepheard  16' | Report | Robinson  51'
Taylor  65'
Proudlock  68' | Stadium: Manor Ground
Attendance: 4,679
Referee: Paul Alcock |

| 26 September 2000 R2.1 | **Grimsby Town** | **3–2** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | Cleethorpes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 BST | Gallimore  12'
Rowan  81'
Allen  82' | Report | Taylor  6', 45' | Stadium: Blundell Park
Attendance: 2,396
Referee: Graham Laws |

| 2 October 2000 R2.2 | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | **2–0**
(**4–3** agg.) | **Grimsby Town** | Wolverhampton |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 BST | Proudlock  36'
Muscat  73' (pen.) | Report |  | Stadium: Molineux
Attendance: 8,058
Referee: David Crick |

| 1 November 2000 R3 | **Fulham** | **3–2** | **Wolverhampton Wanderers** | London |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 GMT | Boa Morte  67', 83'
Saha  85' | Report | Ketsbaia  60'
Osborn  90' | Stadium: Craven Cottage
Attendance: 6,763
Referee: Eddie Wolstenholme |

## Players

### Statistics

**Key:**
‡ On loan from another club   * First appearance(s) for the club

*Correct as of the season's end.* *Starting appearances are listed first, followed by substitute appearances in parentheses where applicable.*

| No. | Pos | Name | P | G | P | G | P | G | P | G |  |  | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | League | | FA Cup | | League Cup | | Total | | Discipline | | |
| 1 | GK | Michael Oakes | **46** | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
| 2 | DF | Kevin Muscat () | 37 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 42 | 4 | **10** |  |  |
| 3 | DF | Lee Naylor | 44(2) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | **51(2)** | 1 | 4 | 0 |  |
| 4 | MF | Carl Robinson | 36(4) | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4(1) | 1 | 42(5) | 5 | 4 | 0 |  |
| 5 | DF | Ludovic Pollet | 29 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 2 | 2 | 0 |  |
| 6 | MF | Neil Emblen | 21(7) | 0 | 1(1) | 0 | 4 | 0 | 26(8) | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
| 7 | DF | Darren Bazeley | 23(1) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 28(1) | 1 | 2 | 0 |  |
| 8 | MF | Simon Osborn | 16(4) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 20(4) | 0 | 5 | 0 |  |
| 8 | DF | Sean Connelly | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 2 |  |  |
| 9 | FW | Temuri Ketsbaia | 14(8) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3(1) | 1 | 17(9) | 4 | 3 | 0 |  |
| 10 | FW | Michael Branch | 31(7) | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2(1) | 0 | 35(8) | 4 | 9 | 0 |  |
| 11 | MF | Andy Sinton | 28(2) | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2(1) | 0 | 32(3) | 2 | 4 | 0 |  |
| 12 | GK | Mike Stowell | 0(1) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2(1) | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
| 14 | FW | George Ndah | 23(6) | 6 | 0(1) | 0 | 0(1) | 0 | 23(8) | 6 | 6 | 0 |  |
| 15 | MF | Steve Sedgley | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1(1) | 0 | 6(1) | 1 | 2 | 0 |  |
| 15 | FW | Cédric Roussel | 3(6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3(6) | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
| 16 | MF | Scott Taylor | 3(1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5(1) | 0 | 2 | 0 |  |
| 17 | FW | Robert Taylor | 5(4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 8(4) | 3 | 1 | 0 |  |
| 18 | DF | Ryan Green ¤ | 5(2) | 0 | 0(2) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 7(4) | 0 | 2 |  |  |
| 19 | DF | Joleon Lescott | 31(6) | 2 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 38(6) | 2 | 3 |  |  |
| 20 | MF | Keith Andrews ¤ | 20(2) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22(2) | 0 | 4 |  |  |
| 21 | FW | Håvard Flo | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
| 22 | FW | Colin Larkin | 0(2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0(2) | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
| 23 | DF | Mo Camara | 4(14) | 0 | 0(1) | 0 | 1(1) | 0 | 5(16) | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
| 24 | MF | Tony Dinning | 31 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32 | 6 | 5 | 0 |  |
| 25 | DF | Gordon Simms | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
| 26 | FW | Sami Al-Jaber | 0(4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1(4) | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
| 27 | DF | Manuel Thetis | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
| 27 | DF | Darren Peacock | 2(2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3(2) | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
| 27 | DF | Paul Butler | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 2 | 0 |  |
| 28 | MF | Shane Tudor | 0(1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0(1) | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
| 29 | DF | Steeve Epesse-Titi | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
| 30 | GK | Matt Murray ¤ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
| 31 | FW | Adam Proudlock ¤ | 28(7) | **8** | 2 | 1 | 3(1) | 2 | 33(8) | **11** | 4 | 0 |  |
| 32 | MF | Seamus Crowe ¤ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
| 33 | DF | Mark Clyde | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
| 36 | MF | John Melligan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
| 39 | GK | Lewis Solly | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
| 40 | GK | Frank Talia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
| 40 | GK | Aaron Kerr | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
| 41 | GK | Carlo Nash | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |

### Awards

| **Award** | **Winner** |
| --- | --- |
| **Fans' Player of the Season** | Lee Naylor |
| **Young Player of the Season** | Joleon Lescott |

## Transfers

### In

| **Date** | **Player** | **From** | **Fee** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 August 2000 | Steeve Epesse-Titi | Unattached | Free |
| 4 August 2000 | Temuri Ketsbaia | Newcastle United | £900,000 |
| 11 August 2000 | Frank Talia | Unattached | Free |
| 15 August 2000 | Robert Taylor | Manchester City | £1.55 million |
| 21 September 2000 | Tony Dinning | Stockport County | £600,000 |
| 1 December 2000 | Mo Camara | Le Havre | £100,000 |
| 31 January 2001 | Paul Butler | Sunderland | £1 million |
| 15 February 2001 | Cédric Roussel | Coventry City | £1.53 million |

### Out

| **Date** | **Player** | **To** | **Fee** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 21 June 2000 | Ady Williams | Reading | Free |
| 30 June 2000 | Keith Curle | Sheffield United | Free |
| 27 July 2000 | Ade Akinbiyi | Leicester City | £5 million |
| 28 July 2000 | Mark Jones | Chesterfield | Free |
| 11 August 2000 | Paul Simpson | Blackpool | Free |
| 11 September 2000 | Frank Talia | Released | Free |
| 11 December 2000 | Steve Sedgley | Released | Free |
| 9 March 2001 | Gordon Simms | Hartlepool United | Free |
| 22 March 2001 | Steeve Epesse-Titi | Exeter City | Free |
| 22 March 2001 | Simon Osborn | Tranmere Rovers | Free |

### Loans in

| **Start date** | **Player** | **From** | **End date** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 August 2000 | Mo Camara | Le Havre | 30 November 2000 |
| 22 August 2000 | Sami Al-Jaber | Al-Hilal | 22 January 2001 |
| 26 August 2000 | Manuel Thetis | Ipswich Town | 13 September 2000 |
| 13 October 2000 | Darren Peacock | Blackburn Rovers | 4 November 2000 |
| 17 November 2000 | Paul Butler | Sunderland | 17 December 2000 |
| 8 December 2000 | Carlo Nash | Stockport County | 31 December 2000 |
| 22 March 2001 | Sean Connelly | Stockport County | End of season |

### Loans out

| **Start date** | **Player** | **To** | **End date** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 August 2000 | Robert Niestroj | Iraklis | 1 February 2001 |
| 1 August 2000 | Adam Proudlock | Clyde | 5 September 2000 |
| September 2000 | Matt Murray | Slough Town | September 2000 |
| 20 October 2000 | Matt Murray | Kingstonian | 26 October 2000 |
| 10 November 2000 | Keith Andrews | Oxford United | 21 December 2000 |
| 1 March 2001 | Ryan Green | Torquay United | End of season |
| 22 March 2001 | Seamus Crowe | Hereford United | End of season |

## Kit

The season saw the team return to their historic "old gold" shade of shirt for the first time since the 1950s. There was also a new away kit that was a light blue design. Both were now manufactured by the club's own label, entitled "WWFC", and sponsored by Goodyear.

1. "Wolves sack Lee". BBC Sport. 18 December 2000.
2. "Jones is new Wolves boss". BBC Sport. 3 January 2001.
3. "Champions kick off with Magpies". BBC Sport. 22 June 2000.
4. "Wolves sign Titi and Camara". BBC Sport. 1 August 2000.
5. "Ketsbaia moves to Wolves". BBC Sport. 4 August 2000.
6. "Talia is Wolves' temporary measure". BBC Sport. 11 August 2000.
7. "Wolves sign Taylor". BBC Sport. 15 August 2000.
8. "Dinning moves to Molineux". BBC Sport. 21 September 2000.
9. "Wolves seal Butler deal". BBC Sport. 31 January 2001.
10. "Roussel completes Wolves switch". BBC Sport. 15 February 2001.
11. "Curle makes Blades move". BBC Sport. 30 June 2000.
12. "Akinbiyi swaps Wolves for Foxes". BBC Sport. 25 July 2000.
13. "Sedgley severs his links with Wolves". BBC Sport. 11 December 2000. Archived from the original on 18 September 2002. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
14. "Saudi star to join Wolves". BBC Sport. 22 August 2000.
15. "Peacock flies south to Wolves". BBC Sport. 13 October 2000.
16. "Butler makes Molineux switch". BBC Sport. 17 November 2000.
17. "Wolves take Nash on loan". BBC Sport. 11 December 2000.

## InfoBox

Wolverhampton Wanderers
| 200001 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Chairman | Sir Jack Hayward OBE |
| Manager | Colin Lee
(until 18 December)
Dave Jones
(from 3 January) |
| First Division | 12th |
| FA Cup | 4th round |
| League Cup | 3rd round |
| Top goalscorer | League: Adam Proudlock (8)
All: Adam Proudlock (11) |
| Highest home attendance | 26,627 (vs Gillingham, 3 February 2001) |
| Lowest home attendance | 8,058 (vs Grimsby, 2 October 2000) |
| Average home league attendance | 19,258 (league only) |
|  | |


title: 1999 Orlando Miracle season

text:
# 1999 Orlando Miracle season

The 1999 WNBA season was the Orlando Miracle's inaugural season. The Miracle tied for second place in the conference with the Detroit Shock and the Charlotte Sting. However, both Detroit and Charlotte beat Orlando in two of their three meetings during the regular season. Therefore, the Miracle were in fourth place and out of playoff contention.

## Transactions

### WNBA expansion draft

| Player | Nationality | Former WNBA Team |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Andrea Congreaves | United Kingdom | Charlotte Sting |
| Kisha Ford | United States | New York Liberty |
| Yolanda Moore | United States | Houston Comets |
| Adrienne Johnson | United States | Cleveland Rockers |

### WNBA allocation draft

| Player | Nationality | School/Team/Country |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Nykesha Sales | United States | UConn |
| Shannon Johnson | United States | Columbus Quest |

### WNBA draft

| Round | Pick | Player | Nationality | School/Team/Country |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 8 | Tari Phillips | United States | Colorado Xplosion |
| 2 | 20 | Sheri Sam | United States | San Jose Lasers |
| 3 | 32 | Taj McWilliams-Franklin | United States | Philadelphia Rage |
| 4 | 44 | Carla McGhee | United States | Columbus Quest |
| 4 | 50 | Elaine Powell | United States | Portland Power |

### Transactions

| Date | Transaction |
| --- | --- |
| April 6, 1999 | Drafted Andrea Congreaves, Kisha Ford, Yolanda Moore and Adrienne Johnson in the 1999 WNBA expansion Draft |
| May 3, 1999 | Drafted Nykesha Sales and Shannon Johnson in the 1999 WNBA Allocation Draft |
| May 4, 1999 | Drafted Tari Phillips, Sheri Sam, Taj McWilliams-Franklin, Carla McGhee and Elaine Powell in the 1999 WNBA Draft |

## Roster

| 1999 Orlando Miracle roster | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| Pos. # Nat. Name   Height  Weight   DOB   From Yrs  F/C 3  Congreaves, Andrea   6' 2" (1.88m)  183 lb (83kg)   1970-06-03   Mercer 2  G/F 5  Ford, Kisha   5' 10" (1.78m)  153 lb (69kg)   1975-04-04   Georgia Tech 2  31  Johnson, Adrienne   5' 10" (1.78m)  154 lb (70kg)   1974-02-05   Ohio State 2  14  Johnson, Shannon   5' 7" (1.7m)  152 lb (69kg)   1974-08-18   South Carolina R  10  McGhee, Carla   6' 1" (1.85m)  173 lb (78kg)   1968-03-06   Tennessee R  F/C 11  McWilliams-Franklin, Taj   6' 2" (1.88m)  195 lb (88kg)   1970-10-20   St. Edward's R  F/C 33  Moore, Yolanda   6' 0" (1.83m)  175 lb (79kg)   1974-07-01   Mississippi 2  F/C 24  Phillips, Tari   6' 2" (1.88m)  200 lb (91kg)   1970-03-06   Central Florida R  50  Powell, Elaine   5' 8" (1.73m)  150 lb (68kg)   1975-08-09   LSU R  G/F 42  Sales, Nykesha   6' 0" (1.83m)  184 lb (83kg)   1976-05-10   Connecticut R  G/F 55  Sam, Sheri   6' 0" (1.83m)  160 lb (73kg)   1974-05-05   Vanderbilt R  7  Suber, Tora   5' 7" (1.7m)  137 lb (62kg)   1974-11-23   Virginia 2 | Head coach  Carolyn Peck (Vanderbilt) Assistant coaches  Charlene Thomas-Swinson
Rick Stukes

---  Legend* **(C)** Team captain * **(FA)** Free agent * **(IN)** Inactive * **(S)** Suspended * Injured |

## Schedule

### Regular season

| 1999 game log
Total: 15–17 (Home: 8–8; Road: 7–9) |
| --- |
|
| June: 5–3 (Home: 3–1; Road: 2–2)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Record  1 June 10 Houston L 63–77 Taj McWilliams-Franklin (15) Taj McWilliams-Franklin (7) Shannon Johnson (7) TD Waterhouse Centre 0–1  2 June 12 @ Utah L 65–71 Sheri Sam (21) Sheri Sam (10) Shannon Johnson (7) Delta Center 0–2  3 June 15 Los Angeles W 88–86 Nykesha Sales (29) Andrea Congreaves (11) Shannon Johnson (8) TD Waterhouse Centre 1–2  4 June 17 @ Detroit L 74–79 Shannon Johnson (22) Taj McWilliams-Franklin (13) McWilliams-Franklin
Sales (4) The Palace of Auburn Hills 1–3  5 June 19 Washington W 73–68 Shannon Johnson (18) Taj McWilliams-Franklin (11) Shannon Johnson (7) TD Waterhouse Centre 2–3  6 June 21 Phoenix W 80–76 Sales
Sam (20) Taj McWilliams-Franklin (9) Shannon Johnson (9) TD Waterhouse Centre 3–3  7 June 22 @ Cleveland W 71–62 Sheri Sam (22) McWilliams-Franklin
Sales (7) Nykesha Sales (6) Gund Arena 4–3  8 June 28 @ Houston W 68–66 Nykesha Sales (23) Sheri Sam (6) S. Johnson
Sales (6) Compaq Center 5–3 |
| July : 4–9 (Home: 1–6; Road: 3–3)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Record  9 July 3 Charlotte L 58–75 Shannon Johnson (17) Taj McWilliams-Franklin (11) Shannon Johnson (4) TD Waterhouse Centre 5–4  10 July 7 Minnesota L 66–71 Sheri Sam (15) McGhee
Sam (7) Shannon Johnson (6) TD Waterhouse Centre 5–5  11 July 9 @ Charlotte W 66–61 Nykesha Sales (16) S. Johnson
McWilliams-Franklin (5) Shannon Johnson (4) Charlotte Coliseum 6–5  12 July 10 Utah W 62–56 Nykesha Sales (21) Shannon Johnson (8) Shannon Johnson (4) TD Waterhouse Centre 7–5  13 July 12 Detroit L 67–76 Congreaves
McWilliams-Franklin (14) Taj McWilliams-Franklin (8) S. Johnson
Sam (5) TD Waterhouse Centre 7–6  14 July 16 Charlotte L 50–56 Nykesha Sales (15) Taj McWilliams-Franklin (6) Shannon Johnson (3) TD Waterhouse Centre 7–7  15 July 17 Sacramento L 70–76 Nykesha Sales (20) Taj McWilliams-Franklin (10) Shannon Johnson (9) TD Waterhouse Centre 7–8  16 July 19 @ Washington W 77–52 Sheri Sam (20) Shannon Johnson (4) S. Johnson
Sales (4) MCI Center 8–8  17 July 21 @ New York L 56–61 Taj McWilliams-Franklin (13) Shannon Johnson (7) Sheri Sam (3) Madison Square Garden 8–9  18 July 23 @ Phoenix L 67–73 Shannon Johnson (22) Sheri Sam (6) Shannon Johnson (6) America West Arena 8–10  19 July 24 @ Sacramento W 73–64 Shannon Johnson (31) Taj McWilliams-Franklin (10) Shannon Johnson (5) ARCO Arena 9–10  20 July 27 @ Los Angeles L 60–81 Taj McWilliams-Franklin (17) Taj McWilliams-Franklin (7) Elaine Powell (4) Great Western Forum 9–11  21 July 29 New York L 52–56 (OT) Shannon Johnson (25) Taj McWilliams-Franklin (12) Shannon Johnson (5) TD Waterhouse Centre 9–12 |
| August : 6–5 (Home: 4–1; Road: 2–4)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Record  22 August 1 @ New York L 61–74 Nykesha Sales (21) Nykesha Sales (8) Congreaves
S. Johnson (3) Madison Square Garden 9–13  23 August 4 Cleveland W 70–62 Taj McWilliams-Franklin (16) Taj McWilliams-Franklin (9) S. Johnson (5) TD Waterhouse Centre 10–13  24 August 5 @ Washington L 68–72 Taj McWilliams-Franklin (24) Taj McWilliams-Franklin (10) Sheri Sam (7) MCI Center 10–14  25 August 7 @ Charlotte L 60–64 Shannon Johnson (25) Taj McWilliams-Franklin (6) Nykesha Sales (5) Charlotte Coliseum 10–15  26 August 9 New York L 75–80 Nykesha Sales (24) McWilliams-Franklin
Sales (6) Nykesha Sales (5) TD Waterhouse Centre 10–16  27 August 12 Cleveland W 55–54 Nykesha Sales (16) Taj McWilliams-Franklin (15) Nykesha Sales (5) TD Waterhouse Centre 11–16  28 August 14 @ Cleveland W 73–61 Nykesha Sales (17) Shannon Johnson (6) Shannon Johnson (8) Gund Arena 12–16  29 August 16 Washington W 81–54 Sheri Sam (19) Taj McWilliams-Franklin (9) Nykesha Sales (6) TD Waterhouse Centre 13–16  30 August 18 Detroit W 93–81 Taj McWilliams-Franklin (21) Taj McWilliams-Franklin (13) Elaine Powell (6) TD Waterhouse Centre 14–16  31 August 20 @ Minnesota W 83–80 (OT) Shannon Johnson (20) Taj McWilliams-Franklin (8) Nykesha Sales (6) Target Center 15–16  32 August 21 @ Detroit L 68–74 Shannon Johnson (22) Sheri Sam (7) Elaine Powell (4) The Palace of Auburn Hills 15–17 |
| 1999 season schedule | |

### Season standings

| Eastern Conference | W | L | PCT | Conf. | GB |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| New York Liberty x | 18 | 14 | .563 | 12–8 |  |
| Detroit Shock x | 15 | 17 | .469 | 12–8 | 3.0 |
| Charlotte Sting x | 15 | 17 | .469 | 12–8 | 3.0 |
| Orlando Miracle o | 15 | 17 | .469 | 9–11 | 3.0 |
| Washington Mystics o | 12 | 20 | .375 | 10–10 | 6.0 |
| Cleveland Rockers o | 7 | 25 | .219 | 5–15 | 11.0 |

## Statistics

| Legend | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| GP | Games played | GS | Games started | MPG | Minutes per game | RPG | Rebounds per game |
| APG | Assists per game | SPG | Steals per game | BPG | Blocks per game | PPG | Points per game |
| FG% | Field-goal percentage | 3P% | 3-point field-goal percentage | FT% | Free-throw percentage | TO | Turnovers per game |
| PF | Fouls per game |  | Team leader |  | League leader |

### Regular Season

| Player | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Shannon Johnson | 32 | 32 | 35.8 | .447 | .364 | .686 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 14.0 |
| Sheri Sam | 32 | 32 | 34.0 | .388 | .328 | .688 | 4.6 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 11.4 |
| Taj McWilliams-Franklin | 32 | 32 | 32.6 | .480 | .444 | .667 | 7.5 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 13.1 |
| Nykesha Sales | 32 | 32 | 32.5 | .385 | .330 | .805 | 4.2 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 13.7 |
| Andrea Congreaves | 32 | 32 | 25.4 | .500 | .366 | .830 | 3.2 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 6.5 |
| Elaine Powell | 18 | 0 | 14.2 | .515 | .111 | .545 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 2.6 |
| Tari Phillips | 32 | 0 | 10.5 | .406 | .000 | .481 | 2.1 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 4.1 |
| Carla McGhee | 30 | 0 | 7.8 | .319 | N/A | .833 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.5 |
| Adrienne Johnson | 29 | 0 | 7.7 | .403 | .125 | .667 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 2.0 |
| Kisha Ford | 8 | 0 | 5.6 | .200 | .000 | 1.000 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
| Yolanda Moore | 23 | 0 | 5.0 | .476 | .000 | .500 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 1.1 |
| Tora Suber | 25 | 0 | 4.6 | .292 | .111 | .500 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.8 |

Waived/Released during the season
Traded during the season
Acquired during the season

* Shannon Johnson was tied for tenth in the WNBA in Three Point Field Goals with 40
* Taj McWilliams-Franklin ranked third in the WNBA in Three Point Field Goal Percentage, .444
* Nykesha Sales ranked eighth in the WNBA in Field Goal Attempts with 397
* Sheri Sam ranked sixth in the WNBA in Minutes Played with 1088
* Sheri Sam was tied for eighth in the WNBA in Three Point Field Goals with 41
* Sheri Sam ranked ninth in the WNBA in Three Point Field Goal Attempts with 125

## Awards and honors

* Shannon Johnson, Guard, Orlando Miracle, All-WNBA Second Team
* Shannon Johnson led the WNBA in Minutes Played with 1147

## InfoBox

| 1999 Orlando Miracle season | |
| --- | --- |
| Coach | Carolyn Peck |
| Arena | TD Waterhouse Centre |
| Attendance | 9,801 per game |
| Results | |
| Record | 1517 (.469) |
| Place | 4th (Eastern) |
| Playoff finish | Did not qualify |
| Team Leaders | |
| Points | Shannon Johnson (14.0) |
| Rebounds | Taj McWilliams (7.5) |
| Assists | Shannon Johnson (4.4) |
| 2000 season | |


title: Elegy (play)

abstract: Elegy is a 2016 British play by Nick Payne. Elegy had its world premiere production at the Donmar Warehouse, London with an official opening night on 27 April 2016, following previews from 21 April. Its limited run concluded on 18 June 2016. Josie Rourke directed the production, which starred Zoë Wanamaker as Lorna, Barbara Flynn as Carrie and Nina Sosanya as Miriam. The play was nominated for the 2017 Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play.

text:
# Elegy (play)

***Elegy*** is a 2016 British play by Nick Payne.

*Elegy* had its world premiere production at the Donmar Warehouse, London with an official opening night on 27 April 2016, following previews from 21 April. Its limited run concluded on 18 June 2016. Josie Rourke directed the production, which starred Zoë Wanamaker as Lorna, Barbara Flynn as Carrie and Nina Sosanya as Miriam.

The play was nominated for the 2017 Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play.

## Plot

In the near future, radical and unprecedented advances in medical science lead to the possibility of augmenting and extending life. Lorna has had surgery to eliminate a brain disease. However, she loses her memory and does not recognize her partner Carrie when they meet after 20 years. In flashbacks, the two are seen during their relationship. Lorna's doctor Miriam is conflicted about the treatment.

## Critical reception

*The Guardian* reviewer said: "Payne probes the moral consequences of scientific progress. At its most moving, the play poses the question of whether love, like religious faith, is a conscious state of mind that can be eradicated: much of the play’s anguish derives from Lorna’s post-op indifference to the devoted Carrie. But, while the play airs big issues such as whether medical advance undercuts the notion of fixed identity, it works because we care deeply about the people."

*The Independent* reviewer concluded with: "As always with Payne, the structure feels musical – an impression amplified here with repeated extracts from the elegiac poetry of Douglas Dunn and Christopher Reid and by the pointed symbolism of the design. In a glass case, there's a dead, lightning-riven oak tree that's periodically engulfed by fog. Never resorting to sentimentality or melodrama, this is an emotionally gruelling but richly rewarding 75 minutes."

## InfoBox

| Elegy | |
| --- | --- |
| Written by | Nick Payne |
| Date premiered | 21 April 2016 |
| Place premiered | Donmar Warehouse |
| Original language | English |
| Subject | Controversial medical treatment for brain disorders |
| Genre | Drama |


title: 2003 Heineken Cup final

abstract: The 2003 Heineken Cup Final was the final match of the 2002–03 Heineken Cup, the eighth season of Europe's top club rugby union competition. The match was played on 24 May 2003 at Lansdowne Road in Dublin. The match was contested by Toulouse and Perpignan, both of France. Toulouse became the second team to win the competition more than once, winning the match 22–17.

text:
# 2003 Heineken Cup final

The **2003 Heineken Cup Final** was the final match of the 2002–03 Heineken Cup, the eighth season of Europe's top club rugby union competition. The match was played on 24 May 2003 at Lansdowne Road in Dublin. The match was contested by Toulouse and Perpignan, both of France. Toulouse became the second team to win the competition more than once, winning the match 22–17.

## Match details

| Toulouse | 22–17 | Perpignan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Try:** Clerc 33' c
**Con:** Delaigue
**Pen:** Delaigue (5) 3', 18', 27', 40', 80+1' | Report | **Try:** Bomati 80+4' m
**Pen:** Edmonds (4) 44', 51', 57', 70' |

| FB **15**  Clément Poitrenaud  RW **14**  Émile Ntamack  OC **13**  Xavier Garbajosa  IC **12**  Yannick Jauzion  LW **11**  Vincent Clerc  FH **10**  Yann Delaigue  SH **9**  Frédéric Michalak  N8 **8**  Christian Labit  OF **7**  Trevor Brennan  BF **6**  Jean Bouilhou  RL **5**  Fabien Pelous ()  LL **4**  David Gérard  TP **3**  Jean-Baptiste Poux  HK **2**  Yannick Bru  LP **1**  Benoît Lecouls  **Substitutions:**  HK **16**  William Servat  PR **17**  Cédric Soulette  FL **18**  Finau Maka  LK **19**  Grégory Lamboley  SH **20**  Sylvain Dupuy  WG **21**  Cédric Heymans  CE **22**  Cédric Desbrosse  **Coach:**  Guy Novès | FB **15**  Jean-Marc Souverbie  RW **14**  Pascal Bomati  OC **13**  Pascal Giordani  IC **12**  Christophe Manas  LW **11**  Frédéric Cermeno  FH **10**  Manuel Edmonds  SH **9**  Ludovic Loustau  N8 **8**  Phil Murphy  OF **7**  Bernard Goutta ()  BF **6**  Grégory Le Corvec  RL **5**  Rimas Álvarez-Kairelis  LL **4**  Jérôme Thion  TP **3**  Nicolas Mas  HK **2**  Michel Konieck  LP **1**  Renaud Peillard  **Substitutions:**  HK **16**  Marc Dal Maso  PR **17**  Stéphane de Bésombes  N8 **18**  Lionel Mallier  LK **19**  Christophe Porcu  SH **20**  Jacques Basset  FH **21**  Nicolas Laharrague  CE **22**  David Marty  **Coach:**  Olivier Saïsset |
| --- | --- |

## InfoBox

2003 Heineken Cup Final
| Event | 2002–03 Heineken Cup |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Date | 24 May 2003 |
| Venue | Lansdowne Road, Dublin |
| Referee | Chris White (England)
Tony Spreadbury (England) |
| Attendance | 28,600 |
|


title: Essam, Ghana

abstract:
Essam is a small town and is the capital of Bia West District, a district in the Western North Region of Ghana.
The people there are mainly Sefwi people and their common language is the Sefwi language.

text:
# Essam, Ghana

**Essam** is a small town and is the capital of Bia West District, a district in the Western North Region of Ghana. The people there are mainly Sefwi people and their common language is the Sefwi language.

## InfoBox

| Essam | |
| --- | --- |
| District Capital | |
| EssamLocation in Ghana | |
| Coordinates: 6°40′N 3°6′W / 6.667°N 3.100°W / 6.667; -3.100 | |
| Country | Ghana |
| Region | Western North Region |
| District | Bia West District |
| Elevation | 177 m (581 ft) |


abstract: The men's 4 × 400 metres relay event at the 1982 Commonwealth Games was held on 9 October at the QE II Stadium in Brisbane, Australia.

text:
# Athletics at the 1982 Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay

The **men's 4 × 400 metres relay** event at the 1982 Commonwealth Games was held on 9 October at the QE II Stadium in Brisbane, Australia.

## Results

| Rank | Nation | Athletes | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | England | Steven Scutt, Garry Cook, Todd Bennett, Phil Brown | 3:05.45 |  |
|  | Australia | Gary Minihan, John Fleming, Greg Parker, Rick Mitchell | 3:05.82 |  |
|  | Kenya | Elisha Bitok, Juma Ndiwa, John Anzrah, James Maina Boi | 3:06.33 |  |
| 4 | Canada | Doug Hinds, Ian Newhouse, Lloyd Guss, Tim Bethune | 3:07.04 |  |
| 5 | Barbados | Hamil Grimes, David Carter, Gordon Hinds, Richard Louis | 3:12.44 |  |
| 6 | Zambia | Charles Lupiya, Lyamba Nyambe, Dick Kunda, Dave Lishebo | 3:13.85 |  |
| 7 | Ghana | John Barnor Akuttey, William Hammond, Awudu Nuhu, Edward Pappoe | 3:14.31 |  |
| 8 | Zimbabwe | Glen Taute, Mark Fanucci, Glen de Souza, Njere Shumba | 3:15.18 |  |
| 9 | Botswana | Pius Kgannyeng, Temba Mpofu, Shepherd Mogapi, Joseph Ramotshabi | 3:18.70 |  |

## InfoBox

| Men's 4 x 400 metres relay <br>at the Commonwealth Games | |
| --- | --- |


abstract: The Women's 1500 metres event at the 1986 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on 23 February.

text:
# 1986 European Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's 1500 metres

The **Women's 1500 metres** event at the 1986 European Athletics Indoor Championships was held on 23 February.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Svetlana Kitova | Soviet Union | 4:14.25 |  |
|  | Tatyana Lebonda | Soviet Union | 4:14.29 |  |
|  | Mitica Junghiatu | Romania | 4:15.00 |  |
| 4 | Elly van Hulst | Netherlands | 4:16.21 |  |
| 5 | Mary McKenna | Ireland | 4:20.82 |  |
| 6 | Asuncion Sinobas | Spain | 4:23.16 |  |
| 7 | Roisin Smyth | Ireland | 4:23.84 |  |
| 8 | Agnese Possamai | Italy | 4:24.57 |  |
|  | Margareta Keszeg | Romania | DNS |  |


title: Arturo Silva

abstract: Arturo Silva is an American-born novelist, editor, and teacher. His notable works include Tokio Whip (2016) and Philosophy of the Shirt (1986). He was also the editor of The Donald Richie Reader (2001). Silva currently resides in Vienna, Austria where he teaches and writes.

text:
# Arturo Silva

**Arturo Silva** is an American-born novelist, editor, and teacher. His notable works include *Tokio Whip* (2016) and *Philosophy of the Shirt* (1986). He was also the editor of *The Donald Richie Reader* (2001).

Silva currently resides in Vienna, Austria where he teaches and writes.

## InfoBox

| Arturo Silva | |
| --- | --- |
| Occupation | Writer and teacher |
| Language | English |
| Notable works | *Tokio Whip*, *Philosophy of the Shirt* |


abstract: The post-1500s Philippines is defined by colonial powers occupying the land. Whether it be the Spanish, the Americans, or the Japanese, the Philippines were subjugated and shaped by the presence of a hegemonic power enacting dominance over the people, the land, and the culture itself. The respective field of the archaeology of the post-1500s Philippines is a particularly growing and revolutionary field, particularly seen in the archaeology of Stephen Acabado in Ifugao and Grace Barretto-Tesoro in Manila. There were also many important events that had happened during this period. In 1521, Portuguese explorer, Ferdinand Magellan discovered Homonhon Island and called it "Arcigelago de San Lazaro." Magellan became the first European to cross over the Pacific Ocean. The Post-1500s Philippines is an era of Philippine history defined by complex relationships between various ethnic groups underneath the umbrella of colonialism. Of particular note regarding the archaeology of the time period is Spanish colonialism and indigenous responses, particularly those of the Ifugao people. Recent scholarship has debunked preexistent narratives regarding the era of Spanish colonialism, particular considering indigenous responses and the complexities of ethnic diversity in the Spanish colony and its respective effects on the multicultural identity that defined the era.

text:
# Archaeology of the post-1500s Philippines

The post-1500s Philippines is defined by colonial powers occupying the land. Whether it be the Spanish, the Americans, or the Japanese, the Philippines were subjugated and shaped by the presence of a hegemonic power enacting dominance over the people, the land, and the culture itself. The respective field of the **archaeology of the post-1500s Philippines** is a particularly growing and revolutionary field, particularly seen in the archaeology of Stephen Acabado in Ifugao and Grace Barretto-Tesoro in Manila. There were also many important events that had happened during this period. In 1521, Portuguese explorer, Ferdinand Magellan discovered Homonhon Island and called it "Arcigelago de San Lazaro." Magellan became the first European to cross over the Pacific Ocean.

The Post-1500s Philippines is an era of Philippine history defined by complex relationships between various ethnic groups underneath the umbrella of colonialism. Of particular note regarding the archaeology of the time period is Spanish colonialism and indigenous responses, particularly those of the Ifugao people. Recent scholarship has debunked preexistent narratives regarding the era of Spanish colonialism, particular considering indigenous responses and the complexities of ethnic diversity in the Spanish colony and its respective effects on the multicultural identity that defined the era.

## Context

The Post-1500s Philippines and the respective archaeology of the time period are inextricably connected to Spanish colonialism. One of their main purposes of Spanish occupation of the Philippine Archipelago was founded upon the conceived notion that it was a land of spices, which it was not. The Spaniards also came to the Philippines in the search for God, gold, and glory. In their desire to spread God, they found plenty of indigenous peoples who had not yet been introduced to Christianity. Bankoff and Boomgard further state that "glory was less certain; there were a few opportunities for gallant feats of arms and no mighty empires to topple," displaying that there was a lack of all three Gs. Instead, they looked at the trees that the forest provided and used the huge amounts of timber to reconstruct churches and build ships, which led to Spain’s establishment of a colony in the Philippines.

During this time Spain was leading in the race in European colonial endeavors. The Philippines was one of many places that Spain traveled to in order to build political ties and benefit economically. After the Spanish officially arrived in the Philippines, it took many years and several expeditions in order to achieve a piece of the lucrative spice trade, create political connections with China and Japan, and convert of local populations to Christianity. The Spanish foreign power invasion began with the establishment of settlements in Cebu in 1565 followed by the establishment of their capital in Manila in 1571. During this time the Spanish began converting local populations to Christianity via traditional local leaders that ruled in a traditional tribal organization, all indirectly for Spanish gain. It was upon this new political organization foundation that Spain worked to convert and exploit locals all for Spanish political and economic benefit. With them, they brought their religion, political organization, and thus the birth of a new cultural community. As Spanish foreign trade in the Philippines developed, so did Christian communities while Muslim and highland tribal communities retreated to the hills to avoid foreign invasion.

## Indigenous responses to Spanish colonialism

When discussing indigenous responses of Spanish colonialism in the Philippines and how it affected the social organization, politics, economics, and trade, it has become increasingly important to analyze the narratives surrounding the study. Much of the Philippines’ archaeological and historical narratives for a long time came from a largely Spanish-colonialist and Western perspective. Advances in archaeological studies in the Philippines are in the process of creating a more holistic and accurate historical narrative free from ethnocentric views. There is a persisting narrative that the Spanish colonized and controlled the entirety of the Philippines with indigenous people retaining no autonomy. This narrative is similar to the narrative of Spanish colonizing South America, with millions of indigenous people being forced to submit to the governance and cultures of people they may have never seen before.

Pericolonial archeology works to combat this preexisting narrative. Pioneered by Stephen Acabado, pericolonial archeology is the investigation of areas where European military efforts failed to conquer an area but did succeed to influence an area politically and economically through their influence in surrounding areas (Acabado 2016 p. 3). In the Philippines specifically, pericolonial archeology is the method of uncovering the history of Philippine groups that were able to counteract and resist Spanish colonization. By uncovering the archeological remains of the Philippine people that were actually not conquered by the Spanish (the Ifugao people), the current historical narrative with a sense of strong false differentiation can be refuted. False differentiation is a false sense of superiority, and in the case of the Philippines is reflected as a persisting idea that the Spanish completely conquered the Philippines, changing everything about them with indigenous peoples characterized as passive figures in their own history \[3\]\[8\]. Archaeological remains in the Banaue rice fields, the Ifugao Old Kiyyangan Village, and lowland Magat Valley historical sites debunked present narratives in academia. Contrary to a popular belief that indigenous peoples were passive in their resistance to Spanish colonialism, pericolonial perspectives subvert this notion. In the Philippines, indigenous responses to Spanish colonialism were predicated on political and economic intensification as well as strengthened social organization and trading systems.

### Magat Valley

Through relative dating techniques and exact dating techniques, archeologists have been able to study soil and faunal records, beads, pots, and architectural wonders from the lowlands of the Magat Valley and the upland Cordillera. It is through these findings that archeologists determined that the Ifugao people who ended up in the upland Cordillera had originally lived in the lowlands of the Magat Valley. Through archeological findings it has been determined that this migration occurred around the same time as the first Spanish colonialist endeavors. Archeologists believe that these people relocated to the highlands to maintain their autonomy and avoid Spanish rule. Archeological proof of this migration theory is seen through the Banaue rice terraces constructed by the Ifugao people around the time of Spanish colonialism. The idea is that in the face of Spanish invasion, the Ifugao people retreated to the mountains to strengthen their economic, political, and social ties to maintain autonomy via wet rice cultivation. Through the narrative constructed by the archaeological record, the Spanish are not the guiding force for the development of Ifugao society, they are simply the plight that drove indigenous peoples to band together to protect their independence.

Cultivation of wet-rice in the rice terraces required a newly strengthened social organization because of the intense labor it took to cultivate. The Ifugao people had to band together like never before to grow wet-rice in a region it was not typically grown. At the same time that wet-rice was being cultivated in the Ifugao region, there was an increase in earthenware pottery that had been used to house the Ifugao Banaue wet-rice, found in the uplands and lowlands. This indicates that the highland people were trading their wet-rice with the lowland regions that had come under Spanish control. Evidence of this trading system speaks to the strength of the Ifugao people to resist Spanish conquering through economic intensification of wet-rice as a resource that the Spanish wanted desperately (Acabado 2016 p. 8 & 21). Maintaining a strong trade system between the lowland people/Spanish also speaks to political intensification of Ifugao leadership. Thus, there is a direct connection between an increase in wet-rice production, earthenware pottery production, and trade to Spanish settlement in surrounding lowlands.

### Old Kiyyangan Village

Discoveries in Old Kiyyangan Village site also speak to Ifugao autonomy. In both the Old Kiyyangan Village site and the lowland Magat Valley, porcelain pottery and fine exotic beads were unearthed. Since similar goods were found in both regions, archeologists can conclude that there was a continuous relationship and interaction between lowland and highland groups. Archeologists can also conclude that there was a strong trade system in the Philippines during Spanish colonialism that brought foreign luxury goods to groups that the Spanish had gained political control over and also to groups they had not gained political control over. This interaction through the trade of luxury foreign goods highlights a continuous interaction with lowland groups and highland groups (Acabado 2016 p. 17 & 21). A continued interaction between highland and lowland groups even in the face of Spanish colonialism defines the political and economic strength of the highland people during this time.

Another similarity between archeological findings from the same time period in the highlands and lowlands are faunal records. In both areas remains of pigs and water buffalo were found, which further proves the origins of the Ifugao people to be in the lowland valley. However, since water buffalo were of no help in agricultural practices in the mountain region, archeologists have come to the conclusion that groups in the Old Kiyyangan Village were consuming game-like water buffalo in feast ceremonies. Feasts of animals such as water buffalo, pig, and deer increased in the archeological record during Spanish colonial advances most likely to consolidate the economic and political strength of the people as well as to strengthen within-group ties (Acabado 2016 p. 17).

Through these pericolonial archeological findings, archeologists have concluded that not all people in the Philippines were directly conquered, though those who were not conquered still dealt with the effects of colonialism. This new evidence that Acabado highlights has helped conclude that some indigenous people resist colonialism through agricultural developments that intensified their economic, social, and political strength.

The persistent narrative regarding Spanish colonialism in the Philippines is one where indigenous people lacked the ability to withstand colonial influence and power. The pericolonial archaeology of Stephen Acabado and others who study Ifugao serve the purpose of redefining a narrative by depicting indigenous peoples’ agency in the midst of Spanish colonialism.

## Multicultural identity in Manila

### Reduccion in San Juan

Manila, the modern-day capital of the Philippines, played an essential role as a political stronghold amidst the Spanish colonial era in the Philippines. The archaeological record has proven insightful in illuminating the complexity of Filipino identity during this era. Spanish colonialism had a considerable effect upon the indigenous peoples living in the Philippines, as the colonial rule enacted laws that forced indigenous life to completely transform. Laws of the Indies ordinances predicated on the spread of Christianity were established by the Spanish Colonial Government. These enforced laws were seen in the discovery of two stone ruins in Batangas, a locality in modern-day Metro Manila. Thus, forced resettlement of villages, also known as reduccion, accelerated the spread of Christianity as the hegemonic Spanish managed to place the church at the center of the colonial establishment, establishing a hierarchy in which the indigenous people were placed at the bottom. This enacting of the Laws of the Indies is reflected in the municipality of San Juan, where the archaeological record provides evidence of a plaza complex in the Philippines, with households, a church, a municipal hall, and household units constructed from tuff blocks, mortar, roof tiles, galvanized iron sheets, and wooden boards. Excavations in the area found that all of the necessary aspects and elements of a colonial town were archaeologically present in Barangay Pinagbayanan, the specific location in San Juan that included the aforementioned remains. The lack of any cultural materials dated before the 1800s is revelatory in that it illuminates the fact that the region was a forced reduccion area. Of note is the respective discovery of both Chinese ceramics and Western medicines in the region, reflective of the complex diversity at the heart of the Spanish colonial capital of Manila.

### Complexity in Parian

Also notable during Manila’s period of Spanish colonialism is the presence of the Chinese in Manila, many of whom were attracted to Manila due to the trans-Pacific Galleon trade route. In this sense, Manila was a truly global city. From the Spanish walled city of Intramuros to the Chinese hub of Parian, Manila was a diverse realm of cultures that was a microcosm of the complex Philippine identity. The respective regions that were created are a systemic byproduct of the hegemonic Spanish colonial forces, and Parian is exemplary of this. Parian is noted as the first Chinatown in world history and had two specific roles. The two roles it fulfilled were as a residential area for ethnic Chinese and as the commercial center for the colony itself. Fujian is the homeland of many of the many diasporic Chinese, specifically the southern province known as Minnan. Though there was a connection to their homeland as seen in the porcelain found in Parian, the diasporic Chinese had significant connections to the localities and peoples in Manila. Colonial-style earthenware and indigenous decorative earthenware were all found in Parian, evidence of the Chinese diaspora’s potential networking with other ethnic groups. The Chinese controlled much of the domestic trade, and they were subsequently able to negotiate with the Spanish, allowing the Spanish to strengthen their connections with domestic markets, increasing the potential for trade. Ceramics with a Pampangan-origin Pulong Bakaw tradition were also found in excavations in Parian, potential evidence of a connection between the Chinese and Pampangan people. This contrasts pervasive narratives in the history of the Chinese and indigenous peoples’ relationships, particularly when considering the Pampangans substantial role in the Spanish massacre of the Chinese. Other forms of indigenous earthenware and vessels of Spanish colonialism found in Parian illuminate the potential interactions the Chinese had with other ethnic groups through marriage and incorporation of Spanish and indigenous material culture.

### Boxer Codex

Giving further insight into the effects of Spanish colonialism is the Boxer Codex. A manuscript containing illustrations of various ethnic groups in the Philippines, the Boxer codex can be perceived as a mechanism to justify Spanish colonialism in the Philippines and promote the propagation of a particular investment global trade network stretching across multiple nations. This codex also carries a particular symbolism in that its influences aren’t merely predicated on the authorship of the codex itself. Though it was crafted by the Spanish, this doesn’t necessarily mean that it is purely reflective of Spanish hegemonic colonialism. The codex itself is a synthesis of European, Chinese, and even potentially Tagalog traditions, all of which are representative of the colonial experience in Spanish Manila. It literally has both Spanish text and Chinese characters. The codex is symbolic of the cultural convergence that was present in Manila, evidence of particular hybridity that was present. There are two ways to observe hybridity in the archaeological record, the first being an object that is observed to have characteristics from multiple origins and the second being a particular assemblage of materials from different areas. The Boxer Codex is exemplary of the first form of hybridity, as the numerous influences shape one object, in this case, the manuscript itself.

### Hybridity in Manila

Early Spanish colonial Manila was the perfect location for the process of multiethnic hybridization. The respective place of the Philippines as a center of trade in Island Southeast Asia combined with the Galleon and East and Southeast Asian trade route directions allowed for Manila to truly be a cultural hub. Also allowing this was the respective histories of each of the Spanish, Chinese, and Indigenous Filipinos prior to the conception of Manila as a capital city. There are further complexities in the midst of ethnic identity that are overlooked in scholarship, particularly that of the non-elite Spanish and the Chinese who were not converted to Christianity. This concept of hybridity does not equate that the diversity in ethnic backgrounds with equality and even similar circumstances. Hybridity is merely a lens to view cultural developments and human actions in the context of colonialism.

## Galleon trade system

The Manila-Acapulco Trade system was an important aspect in the Philippines that was in place for about 200 years between 1600-1800. This trade network connected China, Southeast Asia, Mexico (New Spain), and Europe. Many goods were passed from the East to the West and vice versa during this time period. One of the most prominent goods that were traded from east to west was porcelain trade ware produced in China.

### Trade post locations

Both China and Southeast Asia were rich with exotic goods that were in high demand in European countries between 1600-1800. Those wealthy enough to afford foreign luxury goods from the East sought out products such as Chinese porcelain, silk, and spices. This demand for foreign luxury goods, such as porcelain, was what led to the development of the Manila-Acapulco Trade. The Manila-Acapulco Trade was a trade network in which goods from China traveled down to trading ports in Manila, that then moved from Manila to Acapulco, and finally traveled from Acapulco to Spain where the goods made their way throughout Europe all via Spanish trade ships. This connection between the East and the West is what fueled porcelain trade ware production in China because there was finally a way to transport the porcelain in high quantities from China to Europe.

### Exotic goods on demand

Prior to this trade network, foreign luxury goods such as Chinese porcelain were hard to come by in Europe because it was hard to get porcelain to Europe. The demand was always high for these goods, and the Manila- Acapulco Trade was simply the key to satisfying it. With the high demand for porcelain in Europe, and the Manila-Acapulco Trade established as a way to transport high quantities of it, the production of trade ware in China sky-rocketed. The Chinese produced high quantities of porcelain to be sent to Europe via the Manila-Acapulco Trade, and in return, they received European silver. Thus, I could also argue that the Manila-Acapulco Trade system fueled higher production of porcelain trade ware in China because of the Chinese demand for European silver. With the Manila-Acapulco Trade system as a way to finally meet the high demands for silver in China, the porcelain trade ware production increased to have more to trade in exchange for silver.

The Manila-Acapulco Trade system served as a way to connect the East and the West in many ways. However, it mostly served as a way for the East to acquire silver from the West and for the West to acquire porcelain from the East. This new system of access between worlds is what made satisfying these demands a reality and as a result, porcelain trade wear production in China increased to meet these demands.

## Redefining narratives

Studies of colonial history often paint a narrative that is predicated on two myths. The first would be the Spanish establishment of trade networks and the second would be the passive victimization of those affected by colonialism. What the post-1500s archaeology of the Philippines manages to do is redefine those narratives. The pervasive narratives that paint the Spanish as a singular force with no resistance are fictional in nature, as pericolonial responses by the Ifugao and the hybridity seen in Manila depict. The Spanish did not establish the complex networks of trade but rather inserted themselves within a complex multicultural network that had already been established. The archaeological work done regarding the post-1500s Philippines works to craft a new narrative that departs from the colonial underpinnings of Philippine archaeology as a whole. Through giving a voice to those marginalized in historical contexts, the archaeology of the post-1500s Philippines redefines the history of the Philippines itself.


title: Elephantopus scaber

abstract: Elephantopus scaber is a tropical species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to tropical Africa, Eastern Asia, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and northern Australia. It has become naturalized in tropical Africa and Latin America. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

text:
# Elephantopus scaber

***Elephantopus scaber*** is a tropical species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to tropical Africa, Eastern Asia, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and northern Australia. It has become naturalized in tropical Africa and Latin America. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

## Uses

*Elephantopus scaber* is used as a traditional medicine. Different parts of the plant are used in traditional medicine of India as an astringent agent, cardiac tonic, and diuretic, and is used for eczema, rheumatism, fever, and bladder stones. *E. scaber* modulates inflammatory responses by inhibiting the production of TNFα and IL-1β.

## Chemical constituents

*Elephantopus scaber* contains elephantopin which is a germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone containing two lactone rings and an epoxide functional group. 17,19-Dihydrodeoxyelephantopin, iso-17,19- dihydro-deoxy elephantopin and 8-hydroxyl naringenin are the most important bioactive compounds responsible for anti-bacterial activity. By UPLC MS Q-TOF, 34 components were identified.

## Subspecies and varieties

Varieties of *E. scaber* include:

* *Elephantopus scaber* subsp. *plurisetus* (O.Hoffm.) Philipson
* *Elephantopus scaber* subsp. *scaber*
* *Elephantopus scaber* var. *scaber*
* *Elephantopus scaber* var. *sinuatus* (Mor.) Miq.

## InfoBox

| *Elephantopus scaber* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Elephantopus scaber* in India | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | *Elephantopus* |
| Species: | ***E. scaber*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Elephantopus scaber***<br>L. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Elephantopus carolinensis* G.Mey. * *Elephantopus sordidus* Salisb. * *Scabiosa cochinchinensis* Lour. * *Elephantopus plurisetus* (O.Hoffm.) Clonts, syn of subsp. *plurisetus* * *Elephantopus sinuatus* Zoll. & Moritzi, syn of var. *sinuatus* * *Asterocephalus cochinchinensis* Sprengel | |


title: 12th Engineer Battalion (United States)

abstract: The 12th Combat Engineer Battalion was activated 1 July 1940, at Ft. Jackson, South Carolina as an organic element of the 8th Infantry Division In July 1944 the battalion deployed to the European Theatre, landing at Omaha Beach in support of D-Day. Subsequently, the Battalion participated in campaigns in Normandy, Northern France, Rhineland, and Central Europe, and Luxembourg. After World War II the Battalion was inactivated on 25 October 1945 at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. It was reactivated on 17 August 1950 at Ft. Jackson, South Carolina again as an organic element of the 8th Infantry Division. The Battalion moved with the 8th Infantry Division to Nuremberg, Germany in October 1956. In December 1957 the Battalion was restationed at Anderson Barracks, Dexheim, Germany. Simultaneously with the relocation of the 8th Infantry Division Headquarters to Bad Kreuznach, Germany. Motto: Id Perficiemus

text:
# 12th Engineer Battalion (United States)

The  **12th Combat Engineer Battalion** was activated 1 July 1940, at Ft. Jackson, South Carolina as an organic element of the 8th Infantry Division In July 1944 the battalion deployed to the European Theatre, landing at Omaha Beach in support of D-Day. Subsequently, the Battalion participated in campaigns in Normandy, Northern France, Rhineland, and Central Europe, and Luxembourg.

After World War II the Battalion was inactivated on 25 October 1945 at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. It was reactivated on 17 August 1950 at Ft. Jackson, South Carolina again as an organic element of the 8th Infantry Division. The Battalion moved with the 8th Infantry Division to Nuremberg, Germany in October 1956. In December 1957 the Battalion was restationed at Anderson Barracks, Dexheim, Germany. Simultaneously with the relocation of the 8th Infantry Division Headquarters to Bad Kreuznach, Germany.

Motto: *Id Perficiemus* (We shall consummate the task!)

## Full history of unit

The Battalion was organized at Ft. Jackson, S.C. on July 1, 1940, under General orders no. 12, Headquarters, Fourth Corps Area. The cadre was picked from the 1st Engineers at Fort DuPont, Del., and from the 7th Engineers at Ft. Custer, MI. The remainder of personnel was received through voluntary enlistments, and the Selective Service.

At that time billets consisted of huts in the National Guard area of Fort Jackson. The first Commanding Officer was Major Patrick H. Tansey. Major Charles H.Mason took over the command in August 1941 and was subsequently followed by Major Edmund M. Fry. This change took place on August 22, 1942, and from December 1942 until February 1943, when Major Fry was sent to Engineer School, the command of the Battalion was administered by Major James C. Taylor. However, Major Fry returned to the outfit to remain the guiding hand through all the Battalion's campaigns.

The usual basic training was given the Battalion while at Ft. Jackson, and it was here that they also received their foretaste of what real combat would be like while they were on Carolina maneuvers in the fall of 1941. However, this proved to be a very minute taste of the real thing, although the combat test at the time was very convincing to a majority of the men.

Completion of the maneuvers found the outfit on the way back to Fort Jackson Where they were given more intensive training, and then used to supply the cadre for two new divisions. In the fall of 1942 the Battalion moved out amidst of many murmurings on the part of the men as to when things would really roll. This move involved large scale maneuvers in Tennessee. The Battalion was lodged at Camp Forest, Tennessee in a tent city, While its strength was brought almost up to normal. The weather at this time was bitterly cold, And right in the middle of one of the worst cold spells, the Battalion moved to Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. This move was accomplished by truck, And by the time the organization reached their destination, it seemed problematical in the minds of many of the men whether they would ever again resume a semblance of straight posture. The weather remained icy during the whole of their stay at Fort Leonard Wood, and those who returned from the European war claim that even after the fighting on the other side they were last being thawed out from the Paul Bunyan cold.

The next move was a distinct change. The battalion took to the road again and ended up in the lively and bustling Laguna Desert Camp in Arizona. While at this camp-site, *Id Perficiemus* — "We Shall Consummate the task"— is the motto that has inspired the 12th Engineer Battalion since it was constituted at Ft. Jackson, South Carolina on July 1, 1940. For the past two decades, the 12th Engineers have proven time and time again that it is capable of performing any task, in war or peace. Today the 12th engineer Battalion with its headquarters in Dexheim, undertakes Engineer construction throughout the 8th Infantry Division. The battalion is heavily equipped with a vast array of construction machinery capable of supporting any engineer task required to support the 8th Infantry Division.

In its role as the division Engineer Battalion the 12th has the mission of providing general engineer support to the various elements of the division. Four Combat Engineer Companies support the three infantry brigades with the construction of barriers, laying and clearing of minefields, demolition operations and limited construction operations. In addition, each of the four companies is equipped with a Combat Engineer vehicle which carries a bulldozer blade and a 165 mm demolition gun capable of destroying enemy barricades, and fortified positions.

A bridge company provides the Division with its river-crossing capability. Equipped with Mobile Assault Bridge (MAB) units which can be driven on land, and then launched into water to link up with one another (to form a complete bridge, or a series of ferries) the MAB's enable the entire division to cross the Rhein River. The bridge company is also equipped with Armored Vehicle Launched Bridges, which can be used to bridge 60-foot streams.

The 12th Engineers has a platoon of heavy earth moving equipment, including 5-ton dump trucks, rough terrain cranes, and road graders. In addition, an atomic demolition munitions platoon gives the division an added defense capability.

The 12th Engineers are constantly training in their Engineer Support Role, conducting bridge operations on the Rhein, performing earth-moving tasks in community assistance projects, and constantly demonstrating readiness to live up to their motto.

## Decorations and timeline

* Training for deployment Sept 1942 to November 1943
* December 1943 arrived in Ireland.
* 4 July 4, 1944 landed at Normandy across Utah Beach and/or Omaha Beach (have found differing references)( 8th Infantry Division Wikipedia page has the Division landing at Utah Beach, citing U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum as a source)
* Presidential Unit Citation (Army), Streamer embroidered HURTGEN FOREST (12th Engr Cbt Bn cited for period 21-28 Nov 1944; WDGO 21, 1947
* World War II distinguished Unit Streamer embroidered Hurtgen Forest.
* Meritorious Unit Commendation, Streamer embroidered EUROPEAN THEATER 1944 (12th Engr Cbt Bn cited for period 8 Jul-8 Sept 1944; GO 166 Hq, 8th Inf Div, 25 May 1945)
* World War II Meritorious Unit Streamer embroidered European Theatre, 9 June 1945.
* World War II Meritorious Unit Streamer embroidered European Theatre, 10 June 1945.
* Headquarters and Service Company awarded Meritorious Unit Streamer embroidered European Theatre.
* Campaign Streamers for: Normandy, Northern France, Rhineland, and Central Europe, and Luxembourg
* Redesignated as the 12th Combat Engineer Battalion 15 June 1954.
* Luxembourg Croix de Guerre, Streamer embroidered LUXEMBOURG (8th Inf Div cited; DAGO 59, 1969) Luxembourg Croix de Guerre, Streamer embroidered LUXEMBOURG (8th Inf Div cited; DAGO 59, 1969)
* Itschner Award 1979 - A Company, 12th Engineer Battalion - For the most outstanding engineer company in the USArmy.
* Phillip A. Connally Award 1979 for the best field mess in USAREUR and Runner-up in the RA
* Liberation and Defense of Kuwait

## InfoBox

| 12th Combat Engineer Battalion | |
| --- | --- |
| "Dual Prime" "Never Fails!" | |
| Active | 1 July 1940 |
| Country | United States |
| Allegiance | Army |
| Branch | 8th Infantry Division |
| Type | Battalion |
| Garrison/HQ | Ft. Jackson, South Carolina |
| Motto(s) | Id Perficiemus |
| Engagements | European Theatre |
| Decorations | Phillip A. Connally Award 1979 |


title: 2003 Heineken Open

abstract: The 2003 Heineken Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the ASB Tennis Centre in Auckland in New Zealand and was part of the International Series of the 2003 ATP Tour. It was the 36th edition of the tournament and was held from 6 January through 12 January 2003. Fourth-seeded Gustavo Kuerten won the singles title.

text:
# 2003 Heineken Open

The **2003 Heineken Open** was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the ASB Tennis Centre in Auckland in New Zealand and was part of the International Series of the 2003 ATP Tour. It was the 36th edition of the tournament and was held from 6 January through 12 January 2003. Fourth-seeded Gustavo Kuerten won the singles title.

## Finals

### Singles

Gustavo Kuerten defeated  Dominik Hrbatý 6–3, 7–5

* It was Kuerten's 1st title of the year and the 26th of his career.

### Doubles

David Adams /  Robbie Koenig defeated  Tomáš Cibulec /  Leoš Friedl 7–6<sup>(7–5)</sup>, 3–6, 6–3

* It was Adams's only title of the year and the 19th of his career. It was Koenig's 1st title of the year and the 3rd of his career.

## InfoBox

| 2003 Heineken Open | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 6–12 January |
| Edition | 36th |
| Category | International Series |
| Draw | 32S / 16D |
| Prize money | $322,000 |
| Location | Auckland, New Zealand |
| Venue | ASB Tennis Centre |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Gustavo Kuerten | |
| Doubles | |
| David Adams /  Robbie Koenig | |
|  | |


title: Attack on Kure (March 1945)

abstract: The attack on Kure was an air raid conducted during the Pacific War by the United States Navy on 19 March 1945. It targeted the remnants of the Japanese Combined Fleet located in and near the Japanese city of Kure. The attack by 321 aircraft was unsuccessful, as no Japanese warships were sunk though several were damaged. Japanese forces struck the American fleet on the morning of 19 March, and crippled one aircraft carrier and badly damaged another.

text:
# Attack on Kure (March 1945)

The **attack on Kure** was an air raid conducted during the Pacific War by the United States Navy on 19 March 1945. It targeted the remnants of the Japanese Combined Fleet located in and near the Japanese city of Kure. The attack by 321 aircraft was unsuccessful, as no Japanese warships were sunk though several were damaged. Japanese forces struck the American fleet on the morning of 19 March, and crippled one aircraft carrier and badly damaged another.

## Background

As part of the planning for the invasion of Okinawa, the United States Navy's Fast Carrier Task Force (designated Task Force 58) was ordered to neutralize airfields in the Japanese home islands which could be used to attack the invasion force after the landings commenced on 1 April 1945. As part of these operations, the Task Force was also to attack Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) warships sheltering in ports.

Task Force 58 was the main striking element of the United States Pacific Fleet. It included 15 aircraft carriers, and was organised into four task groups. The March attacks would be the third time Task Force 58 had struck the Japanese home islands. The first had been a series of raids on airfields which took place on 16 and 17 February 1945, in which the American aviators claimed to have destroyed 341 Japanese aircraft in the air and 190 on the ground for the loss of 80 of their own to all causes. The second raid had been made against airfields in the Tokyo region on 25 February, in which the Americans claimed 46 Japanese aircraft while losing 16. After this attack, Task Force 58 returned to its base at Ulithi atoll to rest and prepare for further operations.

By this stage of the war, the IJN was largely confined to port. Its major warships had suffered heavy casualties during 1944, and little fuel remained for those which survived. Most of the Combined Fleet, the IJN's main combat force, was stationed at the major naval base at Kure on the Seto Inland Sea. This port was defended by hundreds of anti-aircraft guns; USN intelligence estimated that these included 160 large-caliber weapons and hundreds more smaller-caliber guns.

## Prelude

Task Force 58 departed Ulithi on 14 March to commence the pre-invasion attacks on the Japanese home islands. Japanese forces located and tracked the Task Force as it approached, but were unsure whether it was a precursor to the landing on Okinawa or another attack against airfields. On 18 March Task Force 58's aircraft attacked 45 airfields on Kyushu. Few Japanese aircraft were found on the airfields, but large numbers attacked the American aircraft in flight. Other Japanese aircraft attacked Task Force 58, and lightly damaged the aircraft carriers USS *Enterprise* and *Intrepid*. The USS *Yorktown* suffered more extensive damage after being hit by a bomb which killed 5 of her crew and wounded 26. A total of 110 Japanese aircraft were destroyed. American photo reconnaissance aircraft also operated over Japan on 18 March, and located concentrations of IJN warships at Kure and Kobe. The ships identified as being at Kure included the battleships *Yamato* and *Haruna* as well as three light aircraft carriers.

The ships located on 18 March were selected as Task Force 58's main objective for the next day's attacks. Task Groups 58.1, 58.3 and 58.4 were to attack Kure, and Task Group 58.2 was to strike Kobe. Fighter aircraft were directed to sweep ahead of the American dive bombers and torpedo bombers and attack Japanese aircraft. The main target specified for the attack on Kure was the port's oil storage tanks and other naval installations, but the strike coordinator, Commander George M. Ottinger, was authorised to redirect the USN aircraft against other targets.

## Attacks

### Japanese attacks on Task Force 58

Japanese aircraft were dispatched at dawn to strike Task Force 58, with their attacks being focused on Task Group 58.2. At 7:10 AM a Japanese aircraft arrived undetected over the Task Group, and hit the aircraft carrier USS *Wasp* with a single bomb. The bomb penetrated deep into the ship, and exploded in her galley. This killed many of the cooks and mess attendants who were preparing breakfast, and started fires. Due to efficient damage control, the fires were extinguished within 15 minutes, and the carrier resumed flying operations at 8:00 AM. However, 101 of her crew were killed and 269 wounded. A near-miss by a kamikaze shortly after 8 AM caused minor damage.

The aircraft carrier USS *Franklin* was also attacked. While she was launching her second strike of the day at 7:08 AM, the ship was struck by two bombs dropped from a Japanese aircraft which had also avoided detection. Huge fires rapidly broke out throughout *Franklin*, and weapons which had been loaded onto her strike aircraft exploded as the fire reached them. *Franklin*'s crew managed to save the ship, but 724 were killed and 265 wounded.

### Air to air combat

Task Force 58 began flying off fighter aircraft which were to sweep over the airfields around Kure at 6:18 AM on 19 March. As they approached Kure, the 20 Grumman F6F Hellcats of VBF-17 encountered 40 fighters from the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service's elite 343rd Kōkūtai. In a battle which lasted 25 minutes, six American and four Japanese fighters were shot down.

Other engagements between American and Japanese fighters were fought around the Kure area throughout 19 March. Some of the Japanese pilots flew two sorties. The total casualties from this fighting, including the engagement between VBF-17 and the 343rd Kōkūtai, was 14 American and 25 Japanese aircraft shot down.

### Attack on Kure

A large force of aircraft was dispatched to attack Kure. It was made up of 158 Curtiss SB2C Helldiver dive bombers and Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bombers, escorted by 163 Hellcats and Vought F4U Corsair fighters. At least some of the Corsairs were armed with rockets which could be used to attack ground targets. This was almost as many aircraft as the IJN had employed in the attack on Pearl Harbor which brought the United States into the Pacific War on 7 December 1941.

Ottinger arrived over Kure with the first wave of aircraft. After sighting multiple warships, he ordered that half of the bombers target ships instead of the planned attacks on shore installations. After further consideration, he directed all of the bombers to attack the three Japanese battleships, four aircraft carriers and ten other warships which were at anchor in the Kure area.

USS *Bunker Hill*'s air group commenced the attack on Kure. They concentrated on the aircraft carrier *Ryūhō*, which was struck by three bombs and two rockets. These caused considerable damage, and killed 20 of her crew. Two of *Bunker Hill*'s Helldivers were shot down.

All four of the battleships at Kure were targeted. *Wasp*'s air group focused on *Hyūga*, but only hit her with a single bomb which killed about 40 sailors. Her sister ship *Ise* was struck by two bombs. The *Haruna*, which was anchored in the roadstead off Kure, was hit by one bomb which caused little damage. The huge battleship *Yamato* was targeted by aircraft from *Intrepid*, but only struck by a single bomb which exploded on her bridge.

The other three aircraft carriers were also struck. The escort carrier *Kaiyō* was worst-hit, and caught fire after being attacked. This caused flooding which almost capsized the ship; to avoid this fate she was towed into shallow water. The aircraft carrier *Katsuragi* was hit by a bomb, and a near miss opened her hull and caused flooding. A single bomb struck the flight deck of her sister ship *Amagi*.

As well as the capital ships, the light cruiser *Ōyodo* was heavily hit. The ship began flooding after being struck by three bombs, and was towed to Etajima and beached to prevent her from sinking.

Kure's anti-aircraft defenses fired on the American aircraft throughout the attack. This was the most intense anti-aircraft fire experienced by Task Force 58's aviators up to that time, and eleven Helldivers and two Avengers were shot down. These losses were lighter than what had been expected by most of the Task Force's officers, however.

## Aftermath

The attack on Kure was unsuccessful. Despite the large size of the attack force and its achievement of air superiority, Task Force 58's aircraft achieved few hits on Japanese warships. No Japanese warships were sunk, and only an escort carrier and a light cruiser were badly damaged. The American airmen were disappointed with the results of the attack, but knew that they would strike Kure again. Ottinger and 35 other airmen were awarded the Navy Cross for their roles in the attack.

After completing the attacks on Kure and Kobe, Task Force 58 withdrew south. It flew further fighter sweeps over southern Kyushu on 19 and 20 March. Task Group 58.2 was attacked again by Japanese aircraft on the afternoon of 20 March, with destroyer USS *Halsey Powell* being hit by a kamikaze and *Enterprise*'s flight deck being rendered unusable after she was accidentally struck by anti-aircraft fire from other American warships. On the afternoon of 21 March, 48 Japanese aircraft attempted to attack Task Force 58, but the raid was driven off with heavy casualties after it was intercepted by 150 American fighters. The damaged carriers *Franklin*, *Enterprise* and *Yorktown* were subsequently detached, and departed for repairs. The damage to *Franklin* was so extensive that she never saw active use again.

The Fast Carrier Task Force operated in Japanese waters for the remainder of the war. On 18 July 1945 it attacked Yokosuka. This raid was focused on the battleship *Nagato*, which was lightly damaged. The Task Force and the British Pacific Fleet attacked Kure and the Inland Sea area again on 24 and 28 July. These raids sunk or crippled three battleships, three aircraft carriers, two heavy cruisers and two other cruisers, and damaged several other warships. Allied casualties in this operation were high, with 126 aircraft being destroyed and 102 aircrew killed.

### Citations

### Works consulted

## InfoBox

| Attack on Kure | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the Pacific Theater of World War II | |
|
Two Japanese aircraft carriers under attack at Kure on 19 March 1945. The ship at bottom of the photo is either *Amagi* or *Katsuragi*. The other carrier is *Kaiyo*. | |
| Date 19 March 1945  Location Kure, Japan34°14′N 132°33′E / 34.23°N 132.55°E / 34.23; 132.55  Status  US failure | |
| Belligerents | |
| United States | Japan |
| Strength | |
| 321 aircraft | 17 warships |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 825 killed
2 fleet carriers damaged
27 aircraft shot down
59 aircraft destroyed (on USS *Franklin*) | 4 battleships damaged
4 fleet carriers damaged
1 light cruiser damaged
25 aircraft destroyed |


abstract: The men's 5000 metres event at the 1982 Commonwealth Games was held on 7 October at the QE II Stadium in Brisbane, Australia.

text:
# Athletics at the 1982 Commonwealth Games – Men's 5000 metres

The **men's 5000 metres** event at the 1982 Commonwealth Games was held on 7 October at the QE II Stadium in Brisbane, Australia.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | David Moorcroft | England | 13:33.00 |  |
|  | Nick Rose | England | 13:35.97 |  |
|  | Peter Koech | Kenya | 13:36.95 |  |
| 4 | Zacharia Barie | Tanzania | 13:39.03 |  |
| 5 | Filippos Filippou | Cyprus | 13:39.13 |  |
| 6 | Nat Muir | Scotland | 13:40.84 |  |
| 7 | John Andrews | Australia | 13:42.62 |  |
| 8 | Peter Renner | New Zealand | 13:45.00 |  |
| 9 | Neil Lowsley | New Zealand | 13:45.70 |  |
| 10 | Raj Kumar | India | 13:46.40 |  |
| 11 | Roger Hackney | Wales | 13:51.20 |  |
| 12 | Zephaniah Ncube | Zimbabwe | 13:51.90 |  |
| 13 | Wilson Waigwa | Kenya | 14:05.02 |  |
| 14 | Tim Hutchings | England | 14:11.59 |  |
| 15 | Umar Mukhtar | Nigeria | 14:43.73 |  |
| 16 | Bineshwar Prasad | Fiji | 16:40.49 |  |
|  | Robert de Castella | Australia | DNS |  |
|  | Peter Butler | Canada | DNS |  |
|  | Greg Duhaime | Canada | DNS |  |
|  | David Bonn | Cayman Islands | DNS |  |
|  | Marios Kassianidis | Cyprus | DNS |  |
|  | Shiri Chand | Fiji | DNS |  |
|  | Richard Kermode | Fiji | DNS |  |
|  | Erastus Kimei | Kenya | DNS |  |
|  | John Walker | New Zealand | DNS |  |
|  | Brian Yon | Saint Helena | DNS |  |
|  | Allister Hutton | Scotland | DNS |  |
|  | Steve Jones | Wales | DNS |  |
|  | Dennis Fowles | Wales | DNS |  |

## InfoBox

| Men's 5000 metres <br>at the Commonwealth Games | |
| --- | --- |


title: Bahia absinthifolia

abstract: Bahia absinthifolia, the hairyseed bahia or desert bahia, is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It is native to northern Mexico and the south-western United States. Bahia absinthifolia is a perennial up to 40 cm tall. It has yellow flowers with both ray florets and disc florets. It grows in sandy soil in desert regions.

text:
# Bahia absinthifolia

***Bahia absinthifolia***, the **hairyseed bahia** or **desert bahia**, is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It is native to northern Mexico (Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, Coahuila, Chihuahua, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro, Hidalgo, Durango, Aguascalientes) and the south-western United States (Arizona New Mexico Texas; populations reported from Utah appear to be introductions).

*Bahia absinthifolia*  is a perennial up to 40 cm (16 inches) tall. It has yellow flowers with both ray florets and disc florets. It grows in sandy soil in desert regions.

## InfoBox

| *Bahia absinthifolia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | *Bahia* |
| Species: | ***B. absinthifolia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Bahia absinthifolia***<br>Benth. 1839 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Bahia absinthifolia var. dealbata* (A.Gray) A.Gray * *Bahia dealbata* A.Gray * *Eriophyllum absinthiifolium* (Benth.) Kuntze * *Eriophyllum absinthifolium* (Benth.) Kuntze * *Picradeniopsis dealbata* (A.Gray) Wooton & Standl. | |


title: 1957 Giro di Lombardia

abstract: The Giro di Lombardia 1957, the 51st edition of the race, was held on October 20, 1957.

text:
# 1957 Giro di Lombardia

The **Giro di Lombardia 1957**, the 51st edition of the race, was held on October 20, 1957.

## General classification

### Final general classification

| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Diego Ronchini (ITA) | Bianchi |  |
| 2 | Bruno Monti (ITA) | Atala-Pirelli |  |
| 3 | Aurelio Cestari (ITA) | Atala-Pirelli |  |
| 4 | André Vlayen (BEL) | Ghigi |  |
| 5 | Raymond Impanis (BEL) | Peugeot |  |
| 6 | André Darrigade (FRA) | Helyett |  |
| 7 | Angelo Conterno (ITA) | Bianchi |  |
| 8 | Cleto Maule (ITA) | Torpado |  |
| 9 | Dino Bruni (ITA) | Bianchi |  |
| 10 | Miguel Poblet (ESP) | Ignis |  |

## InfoBox

1957 Giro di Lombardia
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | October 20, 1957 |
| Stages | 1 |
| Distance | 240 km (149.1 mi) |
| Results | |
| Winner  Diego Ronchini (ITA)  Second  Bruno Monti (ITA)  Third  Aurelio Cestari (ITA) | |
|


title: Arturo Segovia

abstract: Arturo Rafael Segovia Pacheco is a Colombian footballer. He played in 15 matches for the Colombia national football team from 1967 to 1977. He was also part of Colombia's squad for the 1975 Copa América tournament.

text:
# Arturo Segovia

**Arturo Rafael Segovia Pacheco** (born 26 October 1941) is a Colombian footballer. He played in 15 matches for the Colombia national football team from 1967 to 1977. He was also part of Colombia's squad for the 1975 Copa América tournament.

## InfoBox

Arturo Segovia
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Arturo Rafael Segovia Pacheco | | |
| Date of birth | (1941-10-26) 26 October 1941 | | |
| Place of birth | Soledad, Colombia | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| International career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1967–1977 | Colombia | 15 | (0) |


title: Apiosphaeria

abstract: Apiosphaeria is a genus of fungi in the family Phyllachoraceae.

text:
# Apiosphaeria

***Apiosphaeria*** is a genus of fungi in the family Phyllachoraceae.

## InfoBox

| *Apiosphaeria* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Order: | Phyllachorales |
| Family: | Phyllachoraceae |
| Genus: | ***Apiosphaeria***
Höhn. |
|
| Type species | |
| *Apiosphaeria guaranitica*
(Speg.) Höhn. | |