title: Arthrocereus glaziovii

abstract: Arthrocereus glaziovii is a species of plant in the family Cactaceae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitat is rocky areas. It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Arthrocereus glaziovii

***Arthrocereus glaziovii*** is a species of plant in the family Cactaceae. It is endemic to Brazil. Its natural habitat is rocky areas. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## Description

*Arthrocereus glaziovii* grows with erect shoots and slightly spreading side shoots from 1.5 to 2.5 cm (0.59 to 0.98 in) in diameter. There are 12 low ribs on the shoots. The 20 to 30 spines are subulate, brownish to ash gray in color and between 1.5 and 2.5 cm (0.59 and 0.98 in) long. The white flowers are slightly curved and up to 6 cm (2.4 in) long. Elongated fruits of up to 2 cm (0.79 in) are formed.

## Distribution

*Arthrocereus glaziovii* is widespread in the east and south of Belo Horizonte in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais at altitudes of 1300 to 1750 meters. The distribution area covers around 1000 km2.

## Taxonomy

The first description as *Cereus glaziovii* by Karl Moritz Schumann was published in 1890. The specific epithet glaziovii honors the French plant collector and botanist Auguste François Marie Glaziou, who lived in Brazil from 1861 to 1895. Nigel Paul Taylor and Daniela Cristina Zappi placed the species in the genus *Arthrocereus* in 1991. Further nomenclature synonyms are *Leocereus glaziovii* (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose (1920), *Trichocereus glaziovii* (K.Schum.) Werderm. (1933) and *Echinopsis glaziovii* (K.Schum.) Molinari & Mayta (2015).

## InfoBox

| *Arthrocereus glaziovii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Cactaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cactoideae |
| Genus: | *Arthrocereus* |
| Species: | ***A. glaziovii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Arthrocereus glaziovii***
(K.Schum.) N.P.Taylor & Zappi | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cereus glaziovii* K.Schum. 1890 * *Echinopsis glaziovii* (K.Schum.) Molinari & Mayta 2015 * *Lophocereus glaziovii* (K.Schum.) Orcutt 1926 * *Trichocereus glaziovii* (K.Schum.) Werderm. 1933 * *Arthrocereus campos-portoi* (Werderm.) Backeb. 1935 * *Arthrocereus damazioi* (K.Schum.) P.V.Heath 1992 * *Arthrocereus itabiriticola* P.J.Braun 1986 * *Cereus damazioi* K.Schum. 1903 * *Leocereus glaziovii* Britton & Rose 1920 * *Trichocereus campos-portoi* Werderm. 1933 * *Trichocereus damazioi* (K.Schum.) Werderm. 1933 | |


title: Exportation (logic)

abstract:
Exportation is a valid rule of replacement in propositional logic. The rule allows conditional statements having conjunctive antecedents to be replaced by statements having conditional consequents and vice versa in logical proofs. It is the rule that:
  - ⇔ Where " ⇔ " is a metalogical symbol representing "can be replaced in a proof with." In strict terminology, ⇒ is the law of exportation, for it "exports" a proposition from the antecedent of → R to its consequent. Its converse, the law of importation, ⇒, "imports" a proposition from the consequent of P → to its antecedent.

text:
# Exportation (logic)

**Exportation** is a valid rule of replacement in propositional logic. The rule allows conditional statements having conjunctive antecedents to be replaced by statements having conditional consequents and vice versa in logical proofs. It is the rule that:

$$((P\land Q)\to R)\Leftrightarrow (P\to (Q\to R))$$

Where " $\Leftrightarrow $" is a metalogical symbol representing "can be replaced in a proof with." In strict terminology, $((P\land Q)\to R)\Rightarrow (P\to (Q\to R))$ is the law of exportation, for it "exports" a proposition from the antecedent of $(P\land Q)\to R$ to its consequent. Its converse, the law of **importation**, $(P\to (Q\to R))\Rightarrow ((P\land Q)\to R)$, "imports" a proposition from the consequent of $P\to (Q\to R)$ to its antecedent.

## Formal notation

The *exportation* rule may be written in sequent notation:

$$((P\land Q)\to R)\dashv \vdash (P\to (Q\to R))$$

where $\dashv \vdash $ is a metalogical symbol meaning that $(P\to (Q\to R))$ is a syntactic equivalent of $((P\land Q)\to R)$ in some logical system;

or in rule form:

$\frac {(P\land Q)\to R}{P\to (Q\to R)}$, $\frac {P\to (Q\to R)}{(P\land Q)\to R}.$

where the rule is that wherever an instance of " $(P\land Q)\to R$" appears on a line of a proof, it can be replaced with " $P\to (Q\to R)$", and vice versa.

Import-export is a name given to the statement as a theorem or truth-functional tautology of propositional logic:

$$((P\land Q)\to R)\leftrightarrow (P\to (Q\to R))$$

where $P$, $Q$, and $R$ are propositions expressed in some logical system.

## Natural language

### Truth values

At any time, if P→Q is true, it can be replaced by P→(P∧Q).
One possible case for P→Q is for P to be true and Q to be true; thus P∧Q is also true, and P→(P∧Q) is true.
Another possible case sets P as false and Q as true. Thus, P∧Q is false and P→(P∧Q) is false; false→false is true.
The last case occurs when both P and Q are false. Thus, P∧Q is false and P→(P∧Q) is true.

### Example

It rains and the sun shines implies that there is a rainbow.
Thus, if it rains, then the sun shines implies that there is a rainbow.

If my car is on, when I switch the gear to D the car starts going. If my car is on and I have switched the gear to D, then the car must start going.

## Proof

The following proof uses a classically valid chain of equivalences. Rules used are material implication, De Morgan's law, and the associative property of conjunction.

| *Proposition* | *Derivation* |
| --- | --- |
| $P\rightarrow (Q\rightarrow R)$ | Given |
| $\neg P\lor (Q\rightarrow R)$ | material implication |
| $\neg P\lor (\neg Q\lor R)$ | material implication |
| $(\neg P\lor \neg Q)\lor R$ | associativity |
| $\neg (P\land Q)\lor R$ | De Morgan's law |
| $(P\land Q)\rightarrow R$ | material implication |

## Relation to functions

Exportation is associated with currying via the Curry–Howard correspondence.

## InfoBox

Exportation
| Type | Rule of replacement |
| --- | --- |
| Field | Propositional calculus |
| Symbolic statement | $((P\land Q)\to R)\Leftrightarrow (P\to (Q\to R))$ |


title: 1913 Pyrenees Cup

abstract: The 1913 Pyrenees Cup was the 4th tournament of the Pyrenees Cup, one of the first international football club competitions. The competition was held on the road between 2 March and 8 June, and it was won by FC Barcelona after easily disposing of La Comète et Simiot 7–2 in the final at Camp de la Indústria.

text:
# 1913 Pyrenees Cup

The **1913 Pyrenees Cup** was the 4th tournament of the Pyrenees Cup, one of the first international football club competitions. The competition was held on the road between 2 March and 8 June, and it was won by FC Barcelona after easily disposing of La Comète et Simiot 7–2 in the final at Camp de la Indústria.

## Participants

Originally, the tournament was to be contested by 7 teams, however, the 1912–13 season saw a split in Spanish football, with several Spanish teams led by Barcelona and Real Sociedad, announcing their departure from the Federación Española de Clubs de Fútbol (FECF) (the forerunner for the Royal Spanish Football Federation, RFEF) and created a new institution, the Unión Española de Clubs de Fútbol (UECF). Of the Catalan clubs registered at the tournament, RCD Espanyol, FC Espanya and Casual SC were loyal to the original institutions (FECF), questioning whether teams from different federations (such as Barça from UECF) could participate in the same international competition, and eventually, FC Espanya did not accept the entry of FC Barcelona and forfeited the match against RCD Espanyol, who together with Casual SC decided to participate in spite of Barcelona's entry. Interestingly, the Catalan Football Federation penalized Casual SC for playing against FC Barcelona, but not RCD Espanyol.

| Teams | Town |
| --- | --- |
| Stade toulousain | Midi-Pyrénées |
| Olympique de Cette | Languedoc |
| Comète et Simiot | Côte d'Argent |
| Cercle pédestre d'Asnières | Aquitaine |
| FC Barcelona | Catalonia |
| RCD Espanyol | Catalonia |
| Casual SC | Catalonia |
| FC Espanya | Catalonia *(withdrew)* |

## Tournament

FC Barcelona won the tournament after thrashing Casual SC 7–0 in the quarter-finals with a hat-trick from Alexander Steel, and then La Comète et Simiot 7–2 in the final with goals from José Berdié (2), Paulino Alcántara (2) and Alfredo Massana. However, their triumph was wrapped up in controversy as they actually lost the semi-finals 1–3 to RCD Espanyol, courtesy of a brace from Antonio Morales, a former Barça player; but the Blaugrana managed to have the result being annulled through protests about the improper use of British players.

### Results

### Quarter-finals

| **FC Barcelona** | 7 - 0 | **Casual SC** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Steel
Allack
Apolinario | Report |  |

Camp de la Indústria, BarcelonaReferee: Nandy

| **RCD Espanyol** | Awarded to Espanyol | **FC Espanya** |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Velòdrom Parc de Sports, Barcelona

---

| **La Comète et Simiot** | 4 - 3 | **Stade toulousain** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ? | Report | ? |

Chemin des Ecus, Bordeaux

### Semi-final

| **FC Barcelona** | 1 - 3 | **RCD Espanyol** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Greenwell | Report1
Report2 | Amechazurra  ?' (o.g.)
Morales |

Camp de la Indústria, BarcelonaReferee: Nandy

Barcelona played the second half with 10 players due to a tackle by S. Massana on Steel that prevented him from continuing to play, and Espanyol took full advantage of it to win 3–1, thus becoming the first team in the history of the competition to beat Barcelona, but Barça protested against the fact that Espanyol had fielded three British players brought by them from the United Kingdom only to play the match, and their protest was upheld resulting in Espanyol being disqualified and FC Barcelona reaching the final yet again.

---

| **La Comète et Simiot** | Awarded to Comète | **Olympique de Cette** |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Ponts-Jumeaux, Toulouse

### Final

| **FC Barcelona** | 7 - 2 | **Cométe et Simot** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Berdié  10' ?'
Alcántara  ?' ?'
Forns  ?'
Allack  ?'
Massana  ?' | Report1
Report2 | Sandoval
Berrondo  ?' (o.g.) |

Camp de la Indústria, BarcelonaReferee: Nandy

## Statistics

### Top Scorers

| Rank | Player | Team | Goals |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Alexander Steel | FC Barcelona | 3 |
| 2 | Paulino Alcántara | FC Barcelona | 2 |
| | Apolinario Rodríguez | | |
| | Frank Allack | | |
| | José Berdié | | |
| | Antonio Morales | RCD Espanyol | |

Source: RSSSF

## InfoBox

1913 Pyrenees Cup
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Marca Hispanica |
| Dates | 2 March – 8 June |
| Teams | 6 |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | FC Barcelona (4th title) |
| Runner-up | La Comète et Simiot |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 4 |
| Goals scored | 27 (6.75 per match) |
| Top goal scorer(s) | Alexander Steel (3 goals) |
|  | |


title: Ashton Hewitt

abstract: Ashton Hewitt is a Welsh rugby union player who plays as a wing for the Dragons regional team, having previously played for Cross Keys RFC and Newport RFC. He is a Wales under-20 international. Hewitt made his Dragons debut in an LV Cup match against the Scarlets on 8 November 2013. Hewitt is executive chairman of the Welsh Rugby Players Association. He is outspoken against racism, supporting racial justice and also advocates for Welsh independence.

text:
# Ashton Hewitt

**Ashton Hewitt** (born 20 November 1994) is a Welsh rugby union player who plays as a wing for the Dragons regional team, having previously played for Cross Keys RFC and Newport RFC. He is a Wales under-20 international. Hewitt made his Dragons debut in an LV Cup match against the Scarlets on 8 November 2013.

Hewitt is executive chairman of the Welsh Rugby Players Association. He is outspoken against racism, supporting racial justice and also advocates for Welsh independence.

## International

He was named in the Wales squad for the uncapped international versus the Barbarians on 30 November 2019.

## Personal life

Hewitt was born and raised in Newport to a British-Jamaican father and a white mother, and started playing rugby at Harriers RFC. As well as pursuing a career in professional sport, he holds a degree in Criminology, Criminal Justice and Youth Justice from the University of South Wales.

Following the mass support of the Black Lives Matter movement in the US and Britain, he has openly supported racial justice and has spoken out about racist abuse he has received. He has also called the rugby authorities to have a stronger stance against racial discrimination, particularly after Argentina's captain Pablo Matera was suspended due to racist tweets.

Hewitt supports Welsh independence and has said that "there's more reasons to be yes than no".

## InfoBox

Ashton Hewitt
| Birth name | Ashton Hewitt |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1994-11-20) 20 November 1994 |
| Place of birth | Newport, Wales |
| Height | 180 cm (5 ft 11 in) |
| Weight | 90 kg (14 st 2 lb) |
| School | Caerleon Comprehensive School |
| University | University of South Wales |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Wing  **Current team** Dragons  Senior career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2013– Dragons  125  (180)  Correct as of 11:44, 6 February 2024 (UTC)  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2013–2014 Wales U20  4  (0)  Correct as of 11 March 2023 | |


title: FIFA Development Committee

abstract: The FIFA Development Committee is one of the nine standing committees of FIFA. Its purpose is to deal with FIFA’s development programs.

text:
# FIFA Development Committee

The **FIFA Development Committee** is one of the nine standing committees of FIFA. Its purpose is to deal with FIFA’s development programs.

## Membership

Membership
| **Name** |
| --- |
| **Chairman** |
| Prince Salman Bin Ibrahim Al-Khalifa |
| **Deputy Chairman** |
| Lydia Nsekera |
| **Members** |
| Sophie Beyala |
| Greg Clarke |
| Teófilo Cubillas |
| Mia Hamm |
| Eric Labrador |
| Borislav Mihaylov |
| Park Yong-soo |
| Samuel Petaia |
| Arisoa Razafitrimo |
| Maksat Rysaliev |
| Arturo Salah |
| Sita Sangare |
| Andy Smith |
| Samir Sobha |
| Vorapak Tanyawong |
| Leyla Tegmo-Reddy |
| Dwight Yorke |

## InfoBox

FIFA Development Committee
|
|  |
| Headquarters | Zürich, Switzerland |
| Official language | English, French, Spanish, German |
| Chairman | Salman Bin Ibrahim Al-Khalifa |
| Deputy Chairman | Lydia Nsekera |
| Website | https://www.fifa.com/who-we-are/committees/committee/1934070/ |


title: Françoise Delord

abstract: Françoise Jeanne Lajunias Delord was a French ornithologist and zoo owner who was the founder and director of ZooParc de Beauval. After acting at Bobino, Delord became an ornithologist, authoring two books on the topic in the 1970s. In 1980, she opened an ornithological park, which later expanded to become the ZooParc de Beauval in 1989.

text:
# Françoise Delord

**Françoise Jeanne Lajunias Delord** (née **Doucet**; 30 January 1940 – 3 December 2021) was a French ornithologist and zoo owner who was the founder and director of ZooParc de Beauval. After acting at Bobino, Delord became an ornithologist, authoring two books on the topic in the 1970s. In 1980, she opened an ornithological park, which later expanded to become the ZooParc de Beauval in 1989.

## Early life

Delord was born 30 January 1940 and raised by a single mother in Montargis. She studied at the Lycée Jeanne d'Arc in Orléans and subsequently at CNSAD. Delord initially began her career as an actress. She dreamed of entering the Comédie-Française and play the title role in the tragedy *Phaedra*. She worked at Bobino and presented 11 shows per week. For six years, she frequently interacted with artists such as Jacques Brel, Léo Ferré and Georges Brassens. While working in the theatre, she met her husband, Jacques Delord, a magician with whom she had two children: Rodolphe and Delphine. The couple later divorced.

## Ornithological career

In the early 1970s, Delord won two African silverbill birds as part of a contest, which would trigger her inspiration for a zoological park. She became an ornithologist, writing two books about birds. Delord frequently purchased new birds at pet stores and built an aviary in her Paris apartment. When the total number of birds reached 300, she and her family moved out of Paris and settled on a five-hectare property near Saint-Aignan.

In 1980, Delord opened an ornithological park, which was transformed into ZooParc de Beauval in 1989 following the acquisition of wildcats. In 1991, the zoo’s stature grew when she acquired a pair of rare white tigers. In 2001, she was the only female French zoo director. At the 2006 Chinese Committee of Breeding Techniques for Giant Pandas in Thailand, Delord expressed a desire to adopt a pair of giant pandas. The zoo reached international profile when China loaned it a pair of pandas in 2012. As of 2011, it was home to 4600 animals, and was the only collection in France with koalas or manatees.

When Delord aged, she left control of the park to her children, Rodolphe and Delphine. In 2021, the zoo has 1.4 million visitors.

Françoise Delord died on 3 December 2021 at the age of 81.

## Selected works

* Delord, Françoise (1978). *Perroquets et perruches* (in French). Paris: Solar. ISBN 978-2-263-00222-9. OCLC 30010565.
* Delord, Françoise; Wailly, Philippe de (1977). *Mes oiseaux et moi* (in French). Paris: Hachette. OCLC 417951905.
* Delord, Françoise (2020). *Instinct* (in French). Beauval éditions. ISBN 978-2-9551964-9-6.

## InfoBox

| Françoise Delord | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Françoise Jeanne Lajunias Doucet
30 January 1940
Montargis, France |
| Died | 3 December 2021(2021-12-03) (aged 81) |
| Nationality | French |
| Occupation(s) | Ornithologist, zoo owner |
| Spouse | Jacques Delord |
| Children | 2 |


title: Eugene Mbome

abstract: Eugene Petit Mbende Mbome is a former Cameroonian-born Hong Kong professional footballer.

text:
# Eugene Mbome

**Eugene Petit Mbende Mbome** (Chinese: 麥保美; born 29 August 1986) is a former Cameroonian-born Hong Kong professional footballer.

## Club career

### Hong Kong Sapling

Mbome joined Sapling from Pegasus as a foreign player to help the team.

On 22 November 2011, Mbome fainted before training and was taken to Princess Margaret Hospital. He woke up later but remained in hospital for observation.

### Pegasus

On 5 January 2012, it was announced that Mbome had returned to Pegasus, as coach Chan Hiu Ming wanted to improve the team's defensive ability in midfield.

On 12 June 2015, he joined Eastern. However, he was loaned to Metro Gallery for the rest of the season.

### Return to Pegasus

Mbome returned to Pegasus at the start of the 2016-17 season.

### Tai Po

On 29 July 2019, it was announced that Mbome had joined Tai Po.

## International career

Mbome played for the Cameroon national under-17 football team and played as vice-captain of Cameroon U17 for the 2003 African Under-17 Championship and the 2003 FIFA U-17 World Championship.

## InfoBox

Eugene Mbome
|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Eugene Petit Mbende Mbome | | |
| Date of birth | (1986-08-29) 29 August 1986 | | |
| Place of birth | Yaoundé, Cameroon | | |
| Height | 1.71 m (5 ft 7 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defensive midfielder | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2003–2004 | Cintra Yaoundé | | |
| 2004–2005 | Académica | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2005–2006 | Tarouca |  |  |
| 2006–2008 | Pombal |  |  |
| 2008–2015 | Pegasus | 89 | (10) |
| 2011–2012 | Sapling (loan) | 8 | (0) |
| 2015–2016 | Eastern | 0 | (0) |
| 2015–2016 | Metro Gallery (loan) | 7 | (0) |
| 2016–2019 | Pegasus | 38 | (1) |
| 2019–2020 | Tai Po | 6 | (0) |
| 2021–2022 | Metro Gallery | 3 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2003 | Cameroon U17 | 10 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 14 April 2022<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 20 June 2011 | | | |


title: Evan Thomas (inventor)

abstract: Evan Thomas was a Welsh ironmonger who became an inventor and manufacturer of safety lamps for miners. He was the original proprietor of the Cambrian Lamp Works, established in Aberdare in 1860. In 1867, Thomas patented an improvement to the design of the safety lamp that would prevent the glass in the lamp from becoming loose by using india rubber. In 1868, he obtained a patent for "an improvement in the construction of miners' safety lamps, in such a manner as to enable petroleum or other mineral oils to be consumed therein". Thomas's best-selling lamp, the "no. 7", improved on a lamp invented in 1816 by William Reid Clanny, and was successful in passing tests set in 1886 by the Royal Commission on Accidents in Mines; it was selected as one of the four recommended types of lamp. In 1879, Evan Thomas was reported to have gone into partnership with John Davies in the ironmongery he ran in Ferndale. This partnership was separate to the lamp business, and Thomas exhibited under his own name at the 1881 International Electric Exhibition at Crystal Palace. At some stage, Thomas went into partnership with a Mr Williams, to create the company known as Evan Thomas & Williams. After 1978, the firm continued to trade from an address in Robertstown Industrial Estate, Aberdare. Evan Thomas & Williams were believed to be the oldest surviving firm of safety lamp manufacturers in the world, and continued to make replica lamps after the closure of the last mines in the South Wales Coalfield.

text:
# Evan Thomas (inventor)

**Evan Thomas** (died after 1881) was a Welsh ironmonger who became an inventor and manufacturer of safety lamps for miners. He was the original proprietor of the Cambrian Lamp Works, established in Aberdare in 1860.

In 1867, Thomas patented an improvement to the design of the safety lamp that would prevent the glass in the lamp from becoming loose by using india rubber. In 1868, he obtained a patent for "an improvement in the construction of miners' safety lamps, in such a manner as to enable petroleum or other mineral oils to be consumed therein". Thomas's best-selling lamp, the "no. 7", improved on a lamp invented in 1816 by William Reid Clanny, and was successful in passing tests set in 1886 by the Royal Commission on Accidents in Mines; it was selected as one of the four recommended types of lamp.

In 1879, Evan Thomas was reported to have gone into partnership with John Davies in the ironmongery he ran in Ferndale. This partnership was separate to the lamp business, and Thomas exhibited under his own name at the 1881 International Electric Exhibition at Crystal Palace. At some stage, Thomas went into partnership with a Mr Williams, to create the company known as Evan Thomas & Williams.

After 1978, the firm continued to trade from an address in Robertstown Industrial Estate, Aberdare. Evan Thomas & Williams were believed to be the oldest surviving firm of safety lamp manufacturers in the world, and continued to make replica lamps after the closure of the last mines in the South Wales Coalfield.


title: Eunice Brookman-Amissah

abstract: Eunice Brookman-Amssiah is a Ghanaian former Minister of Health and also served as an Ambassador to the Kingdom of the Netherlands under the Rawlings government. She was the first female vice-president of the Ghana Medical Association. Brookman-Amissah is also a physician whose leadership has been instrumental in advancing safe abortion access across Africa. Her efforts have successfully united healthcare providers, government officials, lawyers and activists in support of abortion law reforms in several African countries including Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Benin, Eswatini and Kenya. In 2023, Brookman-Amssiah was named as one of three Right Livelihood Award laureates for her work on liberalising abortion laws and promoting access to safe abortions in Africa.

text:
# Eunice Brookman-Amissah

**Eunice Brookman-Amssiah** is a Ghanaian former Minister of Health and also served as an Ambassador to the Kingdom of the Netherlands under the Rawlings government. She was the first female vice-president of the Ghana Medical Association.

Brookman-Amissah is also a physician whose leadership has been instrumental in advancing safe abortion access across Africa.

Her efforts have successfully united healthcare providers, government officials, lawyers and activists in support of abortion law reforms in several African countries including Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Benin, Eswatini and Kenya.

In 2023, Brookman-Amssiah was named as one of three Right Livelihood Award laureates for her work on liberalising abortion laws and promoting access to safe abortions in Africa.

## InfoBox

| Eunice Brookman-AmissahPhD | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Minister of Health | |
| **In office**
1996–1998 | |
| President | Jerry Rawlings |
| Ambassador to Kingdom of the Netherlands | |
| **In office**
1996–1998 | |
| President | Jerry Rawlings |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Nationality | Ghanaian |
| Political party | National Democratic Congress |
|  | |


title: Arthur Gore, 7th Earl of Arran

abstract: Arthur Paul John James Charles Gore, 7th Earl of Arran, styled Viscount Sudley until shortly before his death, was an Anglo-Irish peer, author and translator.

text:
# Arthur Gore, 7th Earl of Arran

**Arthur Paul John James Charles Gore, 7th Earl of Arran** (31 July 1903 – 28 December 1958), styled **Viscount Sudley** until shortly before his death, was an Anglo-Irish peer, author and translator.

## Biography

Gore was born in St Pancras, London, the first of two sons born to Lt-Col Arthur Gore, 6th Earl of Arran and Maud Jacqueline Marie Beauclerk, only daughter of 3rd Baron Huyssen van Kattendyke of Kattendijke, Zeeland, Holland.

He was educated at Winchester College and New College, Oxford. Commissioned as a lieutenant in the Essex Regiment, he served as *aide-de-camp* (1931–32) to George Villiers, 6th Earl of Clarendon, Governor-General of the Union of South Africa.

### Work as author and translator

Nicknamed "Pauly," he was the author of *William, or More Loved than Loving*, first published in 1933 by Collins, republished in 1956 by Chapman & Hall, in an edition with illustrations by Osbert Lancaster and an introduction by Evelyn Waugh. He was a translator of French and German texts. His translation of *The Three Musketeers*, under the name Lord Sudley, was published by Penguin in 1952.

He succeeded to the title Earl of Arran of the Arran Islands upon the death of his father on 19 December 1958, but never took his seat in the House of Lords. He committed suicide on 28 December 1958, just nine days after the death of his father, at Poltimore, Devon. Aged 55, Arran was unmarried, and reportedly killed himself because he was homosexual.

Following his death, a schoolmate eulogised him in *The Times*:

> At Winchester "Pauly" was an intelligent, graceful, retiring boy with a delicious sense of humour. He was a sound bat in good company and already showed ability at lawn tennis, the game he grew to love. He blossomed at Oxford. His diffidence remained but became more subtle, and his charm, rooted in understatement, developed. At this time he taught himself to play the piano and he would sing for hours in his wistful Melville Gideon voice, to himself or to anyone who happened to be in the room. Pauly's great, and rare, gift was his originality: long after most men have become conditioned and conventionalised he continued to view the world with his own particular vision, which contained an extraordinary mixture of sophistication and innocence. He had a very affectionate nature, of which he was half ashamed, and could inspire lasting affection in others.
>
> *The Times*, 2 January 1959

## InfoBox

| The Right HonourableThe Earl of Arran | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Arthur Paul John James Charles Gore
(1903-07-31)31 July 1903
St Pancras, London, England |
| Died | 28 December 1958(1958-12-28) (aged 55)
Poltimore, Devon, England |
| Alma mater | New College, Oxford
Winchester College |
| Occupation(s) | Peer, author, translator |
| Parent(s) | Arthur Gore, 6th Earl of Arran
Maud van Kattendyke |


title: Export restriction

abstract: Export restrictions, or a restriction on exportation, are limitations on the quantity of goods exported to a specific country or countries by a Government. Export restrictions could be aimed at achieving diverse policy objectives such as environmental protection, economic welfare, social wellbeing, conversion of natural resources, and controlling inflationary pressures. There are various forms of restrictions on export as defined by WTO's Trade Policy Reviews (TPR), for example, export duties, quantitative restrictions, voluntary export restrictions, export prohibitions and licensing requirements. Although some countries apply export restriction of various policy purposes, restrictions on exports provide price advantage for the domestic industries because these restrictions create price difference between domestic goods compared to the price of the same goods to foreign investors. Export restrictions don't always provide benefits for the country and more income for the government. In the field of agriculture and food sector export restrictions are aimed at protecting the domestic food security from international supply. During the food crises of 2007–2008, more than thirty countries imposed various export restriction measures such as quantitative export restrictions, prohibitions, export taxes, and price controls to protect the domestic food supply. However, this created additional pressures on the food crises by imposing high global prices and affecting the supply of food in the international market. Within Environmental protection sector, export restrictions could cause market failure. For example, if a country puts export restriction on exporting minerals, natural resources, or wood stuff, it could cause market distortion that could also affect the distribution of welfare. Due to this, other countries might enter trade division and pause strict export restrictions on their domestic products which eventually constrains the objective of export restrictions that are supposed to provide positive objectives for the imposing country.

text:
# Export restriction

**Export restrictions**, or a **restriction on exportation**, are limitations on the quantity of goods exported to a specific country or countries by a Government. Export restrictions could be aimed at achieving diverse policy objectives such as environmental protection, economic welfare, social wellbeing, conversion of natural resources, and controlling inflationary pressures. There are various forms of restrictions on export as defined by WTO's Trade Policy Reviews (TPR), for example, export duties, quantitative restrictions, voluntary export restrictions, export prohibitions and licensing requirements. Although some countries apply export restriction of various policy purposes, restrictions on exports provide price advantage for the domestic industries because these restrictions create price difference between domestic goods compared to the price of the same goods to foreign investors. Export restrictions don't always provide benefits for the country and more income for the government. In the field of agriculture and food sector export restrictions are aimed at protecting the domestic food security from international supply. During the food crises of 2007–2008, more than thirty countries imposed various export restriction measures such as quantitative export restrictions, prohibitions, export taxes, and price controls to protect the domestic food supply. However, this created additional pressures on the food crises by imposing high global prices and affecting the supply of food in the international market.

Within Environmental protection sector, export restrictions could cause market failure. For example, if a country puts export restriction on exporting minerals, natural resources, or wood stuff, it could cause market distortion that could also affect the distribution of welfare. Due to this, other countries might enter trade division and pause strict export restrictions on their domestic products which eventually constrains the objective of export restrictions that are supposed to provide positive objectives for the imposing country.

## The economic impact of export restrictions

The economic impact of the export restrictions depends on the size of the exporter. There are two types of exporters: small exporter (small country), and large exporter (large country). For a small exporter, export restrictions do not affect world market price but rather the domestic price. When there are restrictions on exported goods, the price of exported goods rise, therefore, export decreases and domestic good prices fall. This market failure is beneficial for consumers and is a disadvantage for producers. On the other hand, large exporter has the advantage of affecting the world price. When market prices rise due to export restrictions, the exporter gains from this high price of the goods it exports.

## Welfare impact of export restrictions

Restriction in export causes welfare loss in the national and international levels but the impact of these restrictions differs according to the elasticity of demand and supply of the exported goods and the kind of export restriction measures applied. These welfare losses could be very high when quantitative export restriction measures are applied when there is prohibitions on certain goods that have a low price elasticity of demand, or when there is export taxes on good with very high elasticity of demand. If supply is inelastic, export restrictions of supply increase the price of the good exported on a global level in the short run. However, in the long run, welfare losses will decrease because supply and demand curves will eventually adjust.

## Impact of Food crises 2008 on export restriction measures

The food crises of 2008 affected the export restriction measures on both agricultural and non-agricultural commodities worldwide. These restrictions are changing terms of trade and causing welfare losses on both national and global levels. The reason behind these strict restrictions was related to food security and preventing food shortage. These export measures were a quantitative restriction on export (QRE) and tax on export.

An export restriction may be imposed:

* To prevent a shortage of goods in the domestic market because it is more profitable to export
* To manage the effect on the domestic market of the importing country, which may otherwise impose antidumping duties on the imported goods
* As part of foreign policy, for example as a component of trade sanctions
* To limit or restrict arms or dual-use items that may be used in proliferation, terrorism, or nuclear, chemical, or biological warfare.
* To limit or restrict trade to embargoed nations.

In the United States, the Export Administration Regulations are issued by the Bureau of Industry and Security (in the Department of Commerce) for all items except munitions. The Department of State has the responsibility of overseeing export of defense and military-related articles as per the International Traffic in Arms Regulations or ITAR.


title: Arpino

abstract: Arpino is a comune (municipality) in the province of Frosinone, in the Latin Valley, region of Lazio in central Italy, about 100 km SE of Rome. Its Roman name was Arpinum. The town produced two consuls of the Roman republic: Gaius Marius and Marcus Tullius Cicero.

text:
# Arpino

**Arpino** (Southern Latian dialect: *Arpinë*) is a *comune* (municipality) in the province of Frosinone, in the Latin Valley, region of Lazio in central Italy, about 100 km SE of Rome. Its Roman name was **Arpinum**. The town produced two consuls of the Roman republic: Gaius Marius and Marcus Tullius Cicero.

## History

The ancient city of Arpinum dates back to at least the 7th century BC. Connected with the Pelasgi, the Volsci and Samnite people, it was captured by the Romans and granted *civitas sine suffragio* in 305 BC. The city received voting rights in Roman elections in 188 BC and the status of a *municipium* in 90 BC after the Social War.

The town produced both Gaius Marius and Marcus Tullius Cicero, who were *homines novi* (people without ancestors who had held the consulship). Cicero, in speeches before the courts in Rome, would later praise his hometown's contributions to the republic when attacked as a "foreigner", for Arpinum had twice borne men to save the Republic: Marius against the Cimbric invaders of 101 BC and Cicero himself against the Second Catilinarian conspiracy. Cicero in letters to his friend Atticus referred often to the peace and quiet of his beloved Arpinum. There is an oral tradition that persists to this day that Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa was also a native of Arpinum. Historians however have not been able to confirm his place of birth. Agrippa may have come from Pisae (Pisa) in Etruria.

Beside the ancient town of Arpinum there are the fortified remains of a much earlier Samnite town. The high defensive walls are of the polygonal type associated historically with these people. There is an example of an arch of this type which can still be seen today. Dates are generally from the early Roman period to about 400 BC. The Stone is some times referred to as *pudding-stone* but in this case it seem to be of a more sedimentary dark gray type. Arpinum, Atina, and Cominium were known Samnite strongholds. The Valle di Comino nearby is considered to be strong Samnite and subsections of the tribes home lands and the language generally spoken up to the Roman assimilations was Oscan part of the "Co" group of Indo-European languages.

In the early Middle Ages, the Roman duchy and the Duchy of Benevento contended for its strategic position. After the 11th century it was ruled by the Normans, the Hohenstaufen and by the Papal States. It was destroyed twice; in 1229 by Frederick II and in 1242 by Conrad IV.

The castrato sopranist Gioacchino Conti, known as *Il Gizziello* or *heb ceilliau*, was born in Arpino in 1714.

## Main sights

Attractions include the circuit walls in polygonal masonry. These walls include an example of an ogive arch. The walls stand up to 11 feet in height and up to seven feet in width.

Below Arpino, in the Liri valley, a little north of the Isola del Liri, lies the church of S. Domenico, which marks the site of the villa in which Cicero was born and frequently resided. Near it is an ancient bridge, of a road which crossed the Liris to Cereatae (modern Casamari), birthplace of Gaius Marius.

## Sources

* Purcell, N; Talbert, R; Elliott, T; Gillies, S; Becker, J (18 December 2020). "Places: 432700 (Arpinum)". Pleiades. Retrieved February 28, 2012.

*

## InfoBox

| Arpino | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Arpino | |
| View of Arpino | |
|  | |
| Location of Arpino | |
| ArpinoLocation of Arpino in ItalyArpinoArpino (Lazio) | |
| Coordinates: 41°38′52″N 13°36′35″E / 41.64778°N 13.60972°E / 41.64778; 13.60972 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Lazio |
| Province | Frosinone (FR) |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Vittorio Sgarbi (2023-Present) |
| Area | |
| Total | 55 km2 (21 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 447 m (1,467 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2017) | |
| Total | 7,150 |
| Density | 130/km2 (340/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Arpinati |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 03033 |
| Dialing code | 0776 |
| Patron saint | Madonna of Loreto |
| Saint day | December 10 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Backhaul (telecommunications)

abstract: In a hierarchical telecommunications network, the backhaul portion of the network comprises the intermediate links between the core network, or backbone network, and the small subnetworks at the edge of the network. The most common network type in which backhaul is implemented is a mobile network. A backhaul of a mobile network, also referred to as a mobile-backhaul connects a cell site towards the core network. The two main methods of mobile backhaul implementations are fiber-based backhaul and wireless point-to-point backhaul. Other methods, such as copper-based wireline, satellite communications and point-to-multipoint wireless technologies are being phased out as capacity and latency requirements become higher in 4G and 5G networks. In both the technical and commercial definitions, backhaul generally refers to the side of the network that communicates with the global Internet, paid for at wholesale commercial access rates to or at an Internet exchange point or other core network access location. Sometimes middle mile networks exist between the customer's own LAN and those exchanges. This can be a local WAN connection. Cell phones communicating with a single cell tower constitute a local subnetwork; the connection between the cell tower and the rest of the world begins with a backhaul link to the core of the internet service provider's network. A backhaul may include wired, fiber optic and wireless components. Wireless sections may include using microwave bands and mesh and edge network topologies that may use a high-capacity wireless channel to get packets to the microwave or fiber links.

text:
# Backhaul (telecommunications)

In a hierarchical telecommunications network, the **backhaul** portion of the network comprises the intermediate links between the core network, or backbone network, and the small subnetworks at the *edge* of the network (like for example private networks, LANs, etc.).

The most common network type in which backhaul is implemented is a mobile network. A backhaul of a mobile network, also referred to as a mobile-backhaul connects a cell site towards the core network. The two main methods of mobile backhaul implementations are fiber-based backhaul and wireless point-to-point backhaul. Other methods, such as copper-based wireline, satellite communications and point-to-multipoint wireless technologies are being phased out as capacity and latency requirements become higher in 4G and 5G networks.

In both the technical and commercial definitions, *backhaul* generally refers to the side of the network that communicates with the global Internet, paid for at wholesale commercial access rates to or at an Internet exchange point or other core network access location. Sometimes middle mile networks exist between the customer's own LAN and those exchanges. This can be a local WAN connection.

Cell phones communicating with a single cell tower constitute a local subnetwork; the connection between the cell tower and the rest of the world begins with a backhaul link to the core of the internet service provider's network (via a point of presence). A backhaul may include wired, fiber optic and wireless components. Wireless sections may include using microwave bands and mesh and edge network topologies that may use a high-capacity wireless channel to get packets to the microwave or fiber links.

## Definition

Visualizing the entire hierarchical network as a human skeleton, the core network would represent the spine, the backhaul links would be the limbs, the edge networks would be the hands and feet, and the individual links within those edge networks would be the fingers and toes.

Other examples include:

## National broadband plans

A telephone company is very often the internet service provider providing backhaul, although for academic research and education networks, large commercial networks or municipal networks, it is increasingly common to connect to public broadband backhaul. See national broadband plans from around the world, many of which were motivated by the perceived need to break the monopoly of incumbent commercial providers. The US plan for instance, specifies that all community anchor institutions should be connected by gigabit fiber optics before the end of 2020.

## Available backhaul technologies

The choice of backhaul technology must take account of such parameters as capacity, cost, reach, and the need for such resources as frequency spectrum, optical fiber, wiring, or rights of way.

Generally, backhaul solutions can largely be categorized into wired (leased lines or copper/fiber) or wireless (point-to-point, point-to-multipoint over high-capacity radio links). Wired is usually a very expensive solution and often impossible to deploy in remote areas, hence making wireless a more suitable and/or a viable option. Multi-hop wireless architecture can overcome the hurdles of wired solutions to create efficient large coverage areas and with growing demand in emerging markets where often cost is a major factor in deciding technologies, a wireless backhaul solution is able to offer 'carrier-grade' services, whereas this is not easily feasible with wired backhaul connectivity.

Backhaul technologies include:

Backhaul capacity can also be leased from another network operator, in which case that other network operator generally selects the technology being used, though this can be limited to fewer technologies if the requirement is very specific such as short-term links for emergency/disaster relief or for public events, where cost and time would be major factors and would immediately rule out wired solutions, unless pre-existing infrastructure was readily accessible or available.

## Wireless vs. wireline backhaul

Wireless backhaul is easy to deploy, cost efficient and can provide high capacity connectivity, e.g., multiple gigabits per second, and even tens of Gbps. Wireline fiber backhaul, on the other hand, can provide practically endless capacity, but requires investment in deploying fiber as well as in optical equipment.

The above-mentioned tradeoff is considered when planning. The type of backhaul for each site is determined taking into consideration the capacity requirement (current and future), deployment timeline, fiber availability and feasibility and budget constraints.

## WiFi mesh networks for wireless backhaul

As data rates increase, the range of wireless network coverage is reduced, raising investment costs for building infrastructure with access points to cover service areas. Mesh networks are unique enablers that can reduce this cost due to their flexible architecture.

With mesh networking, access points are connected wirelessly and exchange data frames with each other to forward to/from a gateway point.

Since a mesh requires no costly cable constructions for its backhaul network, it reduces total investment cost. Mesh technology’s capabilities can boost extending coverage of service areas easily and flexibly.

For further cost reduction, a large-scale high-capacity mesh is desirable. For instance, Kyushu University's Mimo-Mesh Project, based in Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, has developed and put into use new technology for building high capacity mesh infrastructure. A key component is called IPT, intermittent periodic transmit, a proprietary packet-forwarding scheme that is designed to reduce radio interference in the forwarding path of mesh networks. In 2010, hundreds of wireless LAN access points incorporating the technology were installed in the commercial shopping and entertainment complex, Canal City Hakata, resulting in the successful operation of one of the world's largest indoor wireless multi-hop backhauls. That network uses a wireless multi-hop relay of up to 11 access points while delivering high bandwidth to end users. Actual throughput is double that of standard mesh network systems using conventional packet forwarding. Latency, as in all multi-hop relays, suffers, but not to the degree that it compromises voice over IP communications.

## Open solutions: using many connections as a backhaul

Many common wireless mesh network hotspot solutions are supported in open source router firmware including DD-WRT, OpenWRT and derivatives. The IEEE 802.21 standard specifies basic capabilities for such systems including 802.11u unknown user authentication and 802.11s ad hoc wireless mesh networking support. Effectively these allow arbitrary wired net connections to be teamed or ganged into what appears to be a single backhaul – a "virtual private cloud". Proprietary networks from Meraki follow similar principles. The use of the term backhaul to describe this type of connectivity may be controversial technically. They invert the business definition, as it is the customer who is providing the connectivity to the open Internet while the vendor is providing authentication and management services.

## Very long range (including submarine) networks

On very large scale long range networks, including transcontinental, submarine telecommunications cables are used. Sometimes these are laid alongside HVDC cables on the same route. Several companies, including Prysmian, run both HVDC power cables and telecommunications cables as far as FTTx. This reflects the fact that telecommunications backhaul and long range high voltage electricity transmission have many technologies in common, and are almost identical in terms of route clearing, liability in outages, and other legal aspects.

## Bibliography


abstract: Elections for the London Borough of Merton were held on 22 May 2014 to elect members of Merton London Borough Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections in England and an election to the European Parliament. The incumbent minority Labour administration gained eight seats from the Conservatives, returning the council to majority control.

text:
# 2014 Merton London Borough Council election

**Elections for the London Borough of Merton** were held on 22 May 2014 to elect members of Merton London Borough Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections in England and an election to the European Parliament.

The incumbent minority Labour administration gained eight seats from the Conservatives, returning the council to majority control.

## Background

In May 2013, four Conservative councillors had defected to the UK Independence Party, including Suzanne Evans, who later became a national spokesperson for the party. No by-elections were called as a result of the defections. In the election, all those who sought re-election as UKIP councillors were defeated, including Evans in the Hillside ward.

## Results

Labour gained seats from the Conservatives in the wards of Abbey, Cannon Hill and Lower Morden; this returned the council to majority Labour control from no overall control. Labour won 36 seats (+8) and the Conservatives 20 seats (-7). The Liberal Democrats lost one seat in West Barnes to the Conservatives to finish with just 1 seat, whilst the Merton Park Ward Residents Association maintained its three seats in Merton Park.

Merton Local Election Result 2014
| Party | | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | 20 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 60.0% | 49.6% | 83,091 | 10.6% |
|  | Conservative | 20 | 1 | 8 | 7 | 33.3% | 31.6% | 52,867 | 4.8% |
|  | Merton Park Residents | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.0% | 3.7% | 6,222 | 0.8% |
|  | Liberal Democrats | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1.7% | 8.9% | 14,973 | 9.2% |
|  | UKIP | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 3.6% | 6,112 | 3.2% |
|  | Green | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 1.5% | 2,564 | 0.1% |
|  | Mitcham Independent Party | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 0.6% | 1,056 | *n/a* |
|  | Keep Our St Helier Hospital | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 0.3% | 422 | *n/a* |
|  | TUSC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0% | 0.1% | 251 | *n/a* |

## Ward Results

### Abbey

Abbey
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Abigail Jones** | **1,563** | **47.9** | **+15.6** |
|  | **Labour** | **Andrew Judge\*** | **1,560** | **47.8** | **+11.5** |
|  | **Labour** | **Katy Neep** | **1,519** | **46.5** | **+15.4** |
|  | Conservative | Henry Nelless\* | 1,136 | 34.8 | −2.0 |
|  | Conservative | Peter Smith | 1,104 | 33.8 | −5.8 |
|  | Conservative | Cesar Sepulveda | 975 | 29.9 | −4.3 |
|  | Green | David Wood | 425 | 13.0 | *N/A* |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Pauline Barry | 284 | 8.7 | −17.0 |
|  | UKIP | Rathy Alagaratnam | 259 | 7.9 | *N/A* |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Richard Heinrich | 202 | 6.2 | −16.9 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | John Tippett-Cooper | 162 | 5.0 | −17.4 |
| Turnout | | | 3,458 | 45 |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |

### Cannon Hill

Cannon Hill
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Tobin Byers** | **1,686** | **48.2** | **+21.0** |
|  | **Labour** | **Pauline Cowper** | **1,661** | **47.5** | **+8.0** |
|  | **Labour** | **Fidelis Gadzama** | **1,556** | **44.5** | **+7.2** |
|  | Conservative | Debbie Shears\* | 1,227 | 35.1 | −8.9 |
|  | Conservative | Omar Bush | 1,153 | 33.0 | −6.5 |
|  | Conservative | Logie Lohendran\* | 1,081 | 30.9 | −6.4 |
|  | UKIP | Andrew Mills | 597 | 14.2 | *N/A* |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Andrew Cope | 254 | 7.3 | −16.7 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Vivian MacVeigh | 227 | 6.5 | −14.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Cosette Malik | 131 | 3.7 | −16.5 |
| Turnout | | |  | 49.3 |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |

### Colliers Wood

Colliers Wood
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Nick Draper\*** | **1,774** | **59.5** | **+3.7** |
|  | **Labour** | **Caroline M Cooper-Marbiah\*** | **1,687** | **56.6** | **+8.3** |
|  | **Labour** | **Laxmi Attawar\*** | **1,631** | **54.7** | **+4.1** |
|  | Conservative | Peter Lord | 674 | 22.6 | +1.2 |
|  | Conservative | Adam Crymble | 646 | 21.7 | +1.2 |
|  | Conservative | Giuseppe Fraschini | 612 | 20.5 | +2.4 |
|  | Green | Ian Weir | 545 | 18.3 | +5.0 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Nathan Hollow | 238 | 8.0 | −11.0 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | David Woodbridge | 235 | 7.9 | −9.3 |
|  | TUSC | April Ashley | 132 | 4.4 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | |  | 37.5 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Cricket Green

Cricket Green
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Ian Munn\*** | **2,204** | **69.3** | **+7.6** |
|  | **Labour** | **Russell Makin\*** | **2,170** | **68.2** | **+10.3** |
|  | **Labour** | **Judy Saunders\*** | **2,107** | **66.3** | **+9.1** |
|  | Conservative | Barbara Mansfield | 467 | 14.7 | −10.7 |
|  | Conservative | Andrew Hollingsworth | 449 | 14.1 | −6.3 |
|  | Mitcham Independent Party | Alan Hutchings | 386 | 12.1 | *N/A* |
|  | Conservative | Carl Warner | 375 | 11.8 | −7.9 |
|  | Mitcham Independent Party | John Mansfield | 360 | 11.3 | *N/A* |
|  | Mitcham Independent Party | Stuart Morrison | 310 | 9.7 | *N/A* |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Nicholas Pizey | 147 | 4.6 | −11.4 |
| Turnout | | |  | 40.1 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Dundonald

Dundonald
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **David Dean\*** | **1,408** | **45.6** | **+1.9** |
|  | **Conservative** | **Michael Bull** | **1,355** | **43.9** | **+2.3** |
|  | **Conservative** | **Suzanne Grocott\*** | **1,326** | **43.0** | **+4.3** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Giles Bailey | 795 | 25.8 | −10.1 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Anthony Fairclough | 782 | 25.3 | −7.8 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Diana Coman | 781 | 25.3 | −6.7 |
|  | Labour | Christine Bickerstaff | 758 | 24.6 | +5.0 |
|  | Labour | Adeniyi Adegboyega | 665 | 21.5 | +5.7 |
|  | Labour | Wayne Busbridge | 647 | 21.0 | +7.5 |
|  | UKIP | Eddie Edwards | 232 | 7.5 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | |  | 44.7 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Figge’s Marsh

Figge's Marsh
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Agatha Akyigyina\*** | **2,483** | **81.0** | **+11.7** |
|  | **Labour** | **Geraldine Stanford\*** | **2,384** | **77.8** | **+9.0** |
|  | **Labour** | **Peter Walker\*** | **2,200** | **71.8** | **+8.8** |
|  | Conservative | William Brierly | 439 | 14.3 | −3.5 |
|  | Conservative | Henry Moulton | 390 | 12.7 | −4.6 |
|  | Conservative | John Telford | 366 | 11.9 | −3.8 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Peter Cargin | 180 | 5.9 | −9.6 |
| Turnout | | |  | 37.8 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Graveney

Graveney
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **John Dehaney\*** | **2,194** | **78.4** | **+10.7** |
|  | **Labour** | **Linda Kirby\*** | **2,132** | **76.2** | **+6.8** |
|  | **Labour** | **Greg Udeh\*** | **1,888** | **67.5** | **+8.9** |
|  | Conservative | Margaret Brierly | 421 | 15.0 | −2.4 |
|  | Conservative | Alice Hammond | 376 | 13.4 | −3.7 |
|  | Conservative | Sally Hammond | 333 | 11.9 | −8.3 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Peter Hardy | 206 | 7.4 | *N/A* |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Benedict Fletcher | 205 | 7.3 | −11.8 |
|  | TUSC | Rodney Kay-Kreizman | 119 | 4.3 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | |  | 38.8 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Hillside

Hillside
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **David Simpson\*** | **1,309** | **51.8** | **+5.5** |
|  | **Conservative** | **David Williams\*** | **1,281** | **50.7** | **+3.6** |
|  | **Conservative** | **Daniel Holden** | **1,269** | **50.2** | **−1.9** |
|  | Labour | Michelle Gordon | 634 | 25.1 | +7.3 |
|  | Labour | Tony Kane | 603 | 23.9 | +9.3 |
|  | Labour | Christopher McKeon | 533 | 21.1 | +7.2 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Carmel Fowler | 453 | 17.9 | −11.2 |
|  | UKIP | Suzanne Evans* | 342 | 13.5 | −38.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Hamish Norbrook | 337 | 13.3 | −12.2 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Mohammed Hasan | 336 | 13.3 | −9.8 |
| Turnout | | |  | 38.2 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

* Suzanne Evans was elected in 2010 as a Conservative councillor

### Lavender Fields

Lavender Fields
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour Co-op** | **Mark Allison\*** | **1,682** | **67.9** | **+12.6** |
|  | **Labour Co-op** | **Ross Garrod** | **1,633** | **65.9** | **+12.3** |
|  | **Labour Co-op** | **Edith Joan Macauley\*** | **1,570** | **63.4** | **+8.9** |
|  | UKIP | Don Anderson | 424 | 17.1 | *N/A* |
|  | Conservative | Richard Aitken-Davies | 344 | 13.9 | −7.4 |
|  | Conservative | Philip Beard | 288 | 11.6 | −7.8 |
|  | Conservative | Thomas Moulton | 263 | 10.6 | −8.2 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Elizabeth Jean Barker | 232 | 9.4 | −9.4 |
| Turnout | | |  | 33.2 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Longthornton

Longthornton
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Brenda Fraser\*** | **2,119** | **72.4** | **+8.5** |
|  | **Labour** | **David Chung\*** | **2,115** | **72.3** | **+10.1** |
|  | **Labour** | **Marsie Skeete** | **1,891** | **64.6** | **+12.0** |
|  | Conservative | Richard Hayward | 637 | 21.8 | −5.9 |
|  | Conservative | Beth Mitchell | 583 | 19.9 | −3.2 |
|  | Conservative | Hamna Qureshi | 531 | 18.2 | 4.4 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Eliane Patton | 199 | 6.8 | −11.5 |
| Turnout | | |  | 38.0 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Lower Morden

Lower Morden
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Sally Kenny** | **1,762** | **50.9** | **+17.8** |
|  | **Labour** | **Stan Anderson** | **1,730** | **49.9** | **+19.5** |
|  | **Labour** | **Mary Curtin** | **1,630** | **47.0** | **+21.6** |
|  | Conservative | Maurice Groves\* | 1,165 | 33.6 | −16.8 |
|  | Conservative | Ray Tindle\* | 1,026 | 29.6 | −9.5 |
|  | Conservative | Gary Watkinson | 928 | 26.8 | −17.3 |
|  | UKIP | Richard Hilton\* | 753 | 21.7 | −22.4 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Asif Ashraf | 172 | 5.0 | −11.7 |
| Turnout | | |  | 49.9 |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |

### Merton Park

Merton Park
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Merton Park Residents** | **John Sargeant\*** | **2,123** | **63.7** | **+13.5** |
|  | **Merton Park Residents** | **Peter Southgate\*** | **2,052** | **61.6** | **+11.5** |
|  | **Merton Park Residents** | **Edward Foley** | **2,047** | **61.4** | **+10.9** |
|  | Conservative | David Cotterill | 566 | 17.0 | −10.1 |
|  | Labour | Anthony Draper | 552 | 16.6 | −0.6 |
|  | Conservative | Robert Lawrence | 520 | 15.6 | −7.7 |
|  | Conservative | Nicholas Bustin | 516 | 15.5 | −6.5 |
|  | Labour | Ross Savill | 496 | 14.9 | +2.2 |
|  | Labour | Charles Ocansey | 495 | 14.9 | +1.5 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Duncan Burch | 143 | 4.3 | −9.4 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | John Dalton | 143 | 4.3 | *N/A* |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Nazir Malik | 115 | 3.5 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | |  | 47.4 |  |
|  | Merton Park Residents **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Merton Park Residents **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Merton Park Residents **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Pollards Hill

Pollards Hill
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Joan Henry** | **2,195** | **72.5** | **+26.3** |
|  | **Labour** | **Jeff Hanna\*** | **2,148** | **70.9** | **+24.5** |
|  | **Labour** | **Martin Whelton\*** | **2,135** | **70.5** | **+23.1** |
|  | UKIP | Bob Grahame | 498 | 16.4 | *N/A* |
|  | Conservative | Robert Giles | 399 | 13.2 | −12.1 |
|  | Conservative | Jay Crush | 382 | 12.6 | −7.1 |
|  | Conservative | Imran Kali | 290 | 9.6 | −9.4 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Stephen Harbron | 163 | 5.4 | −5.3 |
| Turnout | | |  | 38.0 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Ravensbury

Ravensbury
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Stephen Alambritis\*** | **1,971** | **66.0** | **+13.8** |
|  | **Labour** | **Philip Jones\*** | **1,769** | **59.3** | **+6.6** |
|  | **Labour** | **Peter McCabe\*** | **1,633** | **54.7** | **+5.7** |
|  | UKIP | John Brereton | 649 | 21.7 | *N/A* |
|  | Conservative | Nicholas McLean | 420 | 14.1 | −16.0 |
|  | Conservative | Anton Gjeta | 335 | 11.2 | −16.3 |
|  | Green | Natalie Gordon | 328 | 11.0 | *N/A* |
|  | Conservative | Frank Pocock | 325 | 10.9 | −11.9 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Anne Blanchard | 206 | 6.9 | −9.0 |
| Turnout | | |  | 40.7 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Raynes Park

Raynes Park
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Jill West** | **1,351** | **46.6** | **−2.8** |
|  | **Conservative** | **Adam Bush** | **1,470** | **46.4** | **+1.9** |
|  | **Conservative** | **Stephen Crowe** | **1,486** | **46.3** | **+3.8** |
|  | Labour | Alison Honor | 809 | 26.6 | +8.4 |
|  | Labour | Charles Lucas | 716 | 23.5 | +6.2 |
|  | Labour | Praful Nargund | 672 | 22.1 | +6.5 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | David Amer | 547 | 18.0 | −14.1 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Jennifer Bernard | 471 | 15.5 | −12.8 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Kevin Whincup | 444 | 14.6 | −9.8 |
|  | UKIP | Peter Burton | 339 | 11.1 | *N/A* |
|  | Keep Our St Helier Hospital | David Ash | 223 | 7.3 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | |  | 41.8 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### St Helier

St Helier
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Maxi Martin\*** | **2,010** | **67.0** | **+13.6** |
|  | **Labour** | **Dennis Pearce\*** | **1,916** | **63.9** | **+15.0** |
|  | **Labour** | **Imran Uddin** | **1,673** | **55.8** | **+6.4** |
|  | UKIP | Andre Lampitt | 663 | 22.1 | *N/A* |
|  | Conservative | Chris Challouma | 505 | 16.8 | −14.0 |
|  | Conservative | Chris McLaughlin | 435 | 14.5 | −12.1 |
|  | Conservative | Hugh Lenon | 421 | 14.0 | −12.0 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Simon Parritt | 203 | 6.8 | −10.3 |
| Turnout | | |  | 38.7 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Trinity

Trinity
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **James Holmes\*** | **1,283** | **44.7** | **+1.5** |
|  | **Conservative** | **Charlie Chirico** | **1,270** | **44.1** | **+2.1** |
|  | **Conservative** | **Abdul Latif** | **1,119** | **38.9** | **−0.1** |
|  | Labour | Mike Blakeney | 940 | 32.7 | +6.9 |
|  | Labour | John Colbert | 814 | 28.3 | +5.4 |
|  | Labour | Haile Warner | 763 | 26.5 | +4.4 |
|  | Green | Liz Matthews | 543 | 18.9 | +5.3 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Helen Carter | 364 | 12.7 | −11.5 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Federico Bertero | 290 | 10.1 | −12.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Matthew Payne | 283 | 9.8 | −17.5 |
|  | UKIP | Dominic Moass | 263 | 9.1 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | |  | 39.5 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Village

Village
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Hamish Badenoch** | **2,067** | **72.8** | **+3.5** |
|  | **Conservative** | **John Bowcott\*** | **2,055** | **72.4** | **+3.4** |
|  | **Conservative** | **Najeeb Latif** | **1,848** | **65.1** | **−2.1** |
|  | Labour | Bill Bottriell | 385 | 13.6 | +1.9 |
|  | Labour | Brian Paul | 300 | 10.6 | +1.9 |
|  | UKIP | Rod Scott | 298 | 10.5 | *N/A* |
|  | Green | Mason Redding | 268 | 9.4 | *N/A* |
|  | Labour | Habibullah Khan | 253 | 8.9 | −0.7 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Simon McGrath | 217 | 7.8 | −9.0 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Diana Oxford | 213 | 7.5 | −13.2 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Daniel Sheridan | 164 | 5.8 | −9.3 |
| Turnout | | |  | 45.2 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### West Barnes

West Barnes
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Gilli Lewis-Lavender\*** | **1,424** | **40.9** | **+3.2** |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Mary-Jane Jeanes\*** | **1,311** | **37.7** | **−1.3** |
|  | **Conservative** | **Brian Lewis-Lavender** | **1,252** | **36.0** | **−0.7** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Iain Dysart\* | 1,218 | 35.0 | −3.0 |
|  | Conservative | Miles Windsor | 966 | 27.8 | −6.4 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Philip Ling | 902 | 25.9 | −7.3 |
|  | Labour | Irina Chung | 581 | 16.7 | −1.1 |
|  | Labour | Jerome Neil | 577 | 16.6 | +0.5 |
|  | Labour | Sam Thomas | 520 | 14.9 | +1.2 |
|  | Green | Charles Barraball | 455 | 13.1 | +6.0 |
|  | UKIP | Nicolas O’Gorman | 429 | 12.3 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | |  | 47.0 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Conservative **gain** from Liberal Democrats | | Swing |  |  |

### Wimbledon Park

Wimbledon Park
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Janice Howard\*** | **1,497** | **46.6** | **+3.8** |
|  | **Conservative** | **Oonagh Moulton\*** | **1,424** | **44.3** | **+3.3** |
|  | **Conservative** | **Linda Taylor\*** | **1,367** | **42.6** | **−0.5** |
|  | Labour | Hugh Constant | 904 | 28.1 | +7.5 |
|  | Labour | Ailsa Williams | 747 | 23.3 | +5.4 |
|  | Labour | Motiur Rahman | 746 | 23.2 | +7.0 |
|  | Green | Liam Collins | 524 | 16.3 | +8.1 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Edward Doran | 368 | 11.5 | −14.2 |
|  | UKIP | Mark McAleer | 366 | 11.4 | +7.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Dave Busby | 351 | 10.9 | −18.0 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Denis Kouadio | 299 | 9.3 | −17.6 |
|  | Keep Our St Helier Hospital | Sandra Ash | 189 | 5.9 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | |  | 39.8 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

## By-elections

St Helier by-election, 19 May 2016
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Jerome Neil** | **1,436** | **71.0** | **+4.0** |
|  | Conservative | Susan Edwards | 282 | 13.9 | −2.9 |
|  | UKIP | Richard Alexander Hilton | 191 | 9.4 | −12.7 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Asif Ashraf | 59 | 2.9 | −3.9 |
|  | Green | John Charles Barraball | 55 | 2.7 | *N/A* |
| Majority | | | 1,154 | 57.1 |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,030 | 24.9 | −13.8 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

The by-election was triggered by the death of Cllr. Maxi Martin of the Labour Party.

St Helier by-election, 20 July 2017
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Kelly Braund** | **1,508** | **74.1** | **+18.3** |
|  | Conservative | Geraldine Kirby | 318 | 15.6 | −1.2 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Geoff Cooper | 98 | 4.8 | −2.0 |
|  | Green | Phillipa Zielfa Maslin | 61 | 3.0 | *N/A* |
|  | UKIP | Bob Grahame | 50 | 2.5 | −19.6 |
| Majority | | | 1,190 | 58.4 |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,035 | 24.9 | −13.8 |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

The by-election was triggered by the resignation of Cllr. Imran Uddin of the Labour Party.

## InfoBox

2014 Merton London Borough Council election
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| ---  All 60 council seats on Merton London Borough Council | |
| Turnout | 41.3% (25%) |
| First party Second party   Party Labour Conservative  Last election 28 seats, 39.0% 27 seats, 36.3%  Seats won **36** 20  Seat change 8 7  Popular vote **83,091** 52,867  Percentage **49.6%** 31.6%  Swing 10.6% 4.8%   ---  Third party Fourth party   Party Merton Park Residents Liberal Democrats  Last election 3 seats, 2.9% 2 seats, 18.1%  Seats won 3 1  Seat change  1  Popular vote 6,222 14,973  Percentage 3.7% 8.9%  Swing 0.8% 9.2% | |
| ---  Map of the results of the 2014 Merton council election. Conservatives in blue, Labour in red, Liberal Democrats in yellow and Merton Park Ward Residents Association in white. | |
| ---  **Council leader before election**<br>Stephen Alambritis<br>Labour **Council leader after election** <br>Stephen Alambritis<br>Labour | |


title: Françoise Descamps-Crosnier

abstract: Françoise Descamps-Crosnier is a French politician who was member of the National Assembly of France as member of the Socialist Party.

text:
# Françoise Descamps-Crosnier

**Françoise Descamps-Crosnier** (born October 13, 1955 in Mantes-la-Jolie, Yvelines) is a French politician who was member of the National Assembly of France as member of the Socialist Party.

## InfoBox

| Françoise Descamps-Crosnier | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the French National Assembly for Yvelines' 8th constituency | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
20 June 2012 | |
| Preceded by | Cécile Dumoulin |
| Succeeded by | Michel Vialay |
| Mayor of Rosny-sur-Seine | |
| **In office**
2001  March 2013 | |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Valérie Gargani |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1955-10-13) 13 October 1955
Mantes-la-Jolie, Yvelines |
| Nationality | French |
| Political party | Socialist Party |
|  | |


title: 1966 Dutch Grand Prix

abstract: The 1966 Dutch Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Zandvoort on July 24, 1966. It was race 5 of 9 in both the 1966 World Championship of Drivers and the 1966 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The race was the 16th Dutch Grand Prix since it was first held in 1948. It was held over 90 laps of the four kilometre circuit for a race distance of 382 kilometres. The race was the third in succession to be won by Australian driver, 1959 and 1960 world champion, Jack Brabham in his Brabham BT19. Brabham lapped the field on his way to his second Dutch Grand Prix victory to add to his win in 1960. British driver, 1962 world champion Graham Hill finished second in his BRM P261, himself a lap ahead of the rest of the field. Reigning world champion Jim Clark took his first podium finish of the year in his Lotus 33, after duelling with the Brabhams in the early stages, even leading the race and pulling away before suffering a water pump failure that set him back two laps. Brabham's win expanded his points lead to 16 points over Hill, with Hill's BRM teammate Jackie Stewart two points further away.

text:
# 1966 Dutch Grand Prix

The **1966 Dutch Grand Prix** was a Formula One motor race held at Zandvoort on July 24, 1966. It was race 5 of 9 in both the 1966 World Championship of Drivers and the 1966 International Cup for Formula One Manufacturers. The race was the 16th Dutch Grand Prix since it was first held in 1948. It was held over 90 laps of the four kilometre circuit for a race distance of 382 kilometres.

The race was the third in succession to be won by Australian driver, 1959 and 1960 world champion, Jack Brabham in his Brabham BT19. Brabham lapped the field on his way to his second Dutch Grand Prix victory to add to his win in 1960. British driver, 1962 world champion Graham Hill finished second in his BRM P261, himself a lap ahead of the rest of the field. Reigning world champion Jim Clark took his first podium finish of the year in his Lotus 33, after duelling with the Brabhams in the early stages, even leading the race and pulling away before suffering a water pump failure that set him back two laps.

Brabham's win expanded his points lead to 16 points over Hill, with Hill's BRM teammate Jackie Stewart two points further away.

## Classification

### Qualifying

| Pos | No | Driver | Constructor | Time | Gap |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 16 | Jack Brabham | Brabham-Repco | 1:28.1 |  |
| 2 | 18 | Denny Hulme | Brabham-Repco | 1:28.7 | +0.6 |
| 3 | 6 | Jim Clark | Lotus-Climax | 1:28.7 | +0.6 |
| 4 | 10 | Dan Gurney | Eagle-Climax | 1:28.8 | +0.7 |
| 5 | 4 | Mike Parkes | Ferrari | 1:29.0 | +0.9 |
| 6 | 26 | Jochen Rindt | Cooper-Maserati | 1:29.2 | +1.1 |
| 7 | 12 | Graham Hill | BRM | 1:29.7 | +1.6 |
| 8 | 14 | Jackie Stewart | BRM | 1:29.8 | +1.7 |
| 9 | 2 | Lorenzo Bandini | Ferrari | 1:30.0 | +1.9 |
| 10 | 24 | John Surtees | Cooper-Maserati | 1:30.6 | +2.5 |
| 11 | 28 | Jo Siffert | Cooper-Maserati | 1:31.1 | +3.0 |
| 12 | 32 | Mike Spence | Lotus-BRM | 1:31.4 | +3.3 |
| 13 | 30 | Jo Bonnier | Cooper-Maserati | 1:31.7 | +3.6 |
| 14 | 20 | Bruce McLaren | McLaren-Serenissima | 1:31.7 | +3.6 |
| 15 | 34 | Bob Anderson | Brabham-Climax | 1:32.0 | +3.9 |
| 16 | 8 | Peter Arundell | Lotus-BRM | 1:32.0 | +3.9 |
| 17 | 36 | Guy Ligier | Cooper-Maserati | 1:35.0 | +6.9 |
| 18 | 38 | John Taylor | Brabham-BRM | 1:35.7 | +7.6 |
| Source: | | | | | |

### Race

| Pos | No | Driver | Constructor | Laps | Time/Retired | Grid | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 16 | **Jack Brabham** | **Brabham-Repco** | 90 | 2:20:32.5 | 1 | **9** |
| 2 | 12 | **Graham Hill** | **BRM** | 89 | \+ 1 lap | 7 | **6** |
| 3 | 6 | **Jim Clark** | **Lotus-Climax** | 88 | \+ 2 laps | 3 | **4** |
| 4 | 14 | **Jackie Stewart** | **BRM** | 88 | \+ 2 laps | 8 | **3** |
| 5 | 32 | **Mike Spence** | **Lotus-BRM** | 87 | \+ 3 laps | 12 | **2** |
| 6 | 2 | **Lorenzo Bandini** | **Ferrari** | 87 | \+ 3 laps | 9 | **1** |
| 7 | 30 | Jo Bonnier | Cooper-Maserati | 84 | \+ 6 laps | 13 |  |
| 8 | 38 | John Taylor | Brabham-BRM | 84 | \+ 6 laps | 17 |  |
| 9 | 36 | Guy Ligier | Cooper-Maserati | 84 | \+ 6 laps | 16 |  |
| Ret | 28 | Jo Siffert | Cooper-Maserati | 79 | Engine | 11 |  |
| Ret | 34 | Bob Anderson | Brabham-Climax | 73 | Suspension | 14 |  |
| Ret | 24 | John Surtees | Cooper-Maserati | 44 | Electrical | 10 |  |
| Ret | 18 | Denny Hulme | Brabham-Repco | 37 | Ignition | 2 |  |
| Ret | 8 | Peter Arundell | Lotus-BRM | 28 | Ignition | 15 |  |
| Ret | 10 | Dan Gurney | Eagle-Climax | 26 | Oil Leak | 4 |  |
| Ret | 4 | Mike Parkes | Ferrari | 10 | Accident | 5 |  |
| Ret | 26 | Jochen Rindt | Cooper-Maserati | 2 | Accident | 6 |  |
| DNS | 20 | Bruce McLaren | McLaren-Serenissima |  | Engine |  |  |
| Source: | | | | | | | |

## Championship standings after the race

* **Notes**: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.

## InfoBox

| 1966 Dutch Grand Prix | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Race details | | | |
| Date | July 24, 1966 | | |
| Official name | XIV Grote Prijs van Nederland | | |
| Location | Circuit Zandvoort, Zandvoort, Netherlands | | |
| Course | Permanent racing facility | | |
| Course length | 4.252 km (2.642 miles) | | |
| Distance | 90 laps, 382.68 km (237.78 miles) | | |
| Weather | Sunny, Mild, Dry | | |
| Pole position | | | |
| Driver |  | Brabham-Repco |
| Time | 1:28.1 | | |
| Fastest lap | | | |
| Driver | Denny Hulme | Brabham-Repco |
| Time | 1:30.6 | | |
| Podium | | | |
| First |  | Brabham-Repco |
| Second |  | BRM |
| Third |  | Lotus-Climax |
| Lap leaders * | | | |


abstract: The 2009 Arkansas–Pine Bluff Golden Lions football team represented the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 2009 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by second-year head coach Monte Coleman, the Golden Lions compiled an overall record of 5–5, with a mark of 3–4 in conference play, and finished tied for fourth in the SWAC West Division.

text:
# 2009 Arkansas–Pine Bluff Golden Lions football team

2009 Southwestern Athletic Conference football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team |  | W |  | L |  |  |  |  | W |  | L |  |
| East Division | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Alabama A&M xy |  | 4 |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | 5 |  |
| Alcorn State |  | 3 |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 3 |  | 6 |  |
| Jackson State |  | 3 |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 3 |  | 7 |  |
| Alabama State |  | 1 |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  | 7 |  |
| Mississippi Valley State |  | 1 |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 3 |  | 8 |  |
| West Division | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| No. 15 Prairie View A&M xy$ |  | 7 |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 9 |  | 1 |  |
| Grambling State |  | 5 |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | 4 |  |
| Texas Southern |  | 5 |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  | 5 |  |
| Southern |  | 3 |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  | 6 |  |
| Arkansas–Pine Bluff |  | 3 |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 5 |  | 5 |  |
| Championship: **Prairie View A&M 30**, Alabama A&M 24 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * $  Conference champion * x  Division champion/co-champions * y  Championship game participant Rankings from The Sports Network Poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **2009 Arkansas–Pine Bluff Golden Lions football team** represented the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) during the 2009 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Led by second-year head coach Monte Coleman, the Golden Lions compiled an overall record of 5–5, with a mark of 3–4 in conference play, and finished tied for fourth in the SWAC West Division.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 5 |  | Arkansas–Monticello* |  | L 7–23 |  |  |
| September 12 |  | Langston* | * Golden Lion Stadium * Pine Bluff, AR | W 45–30 |  |  |
| September 19 |  | at Mississippi Valley State |  | W 27–7 | 2,200 |  |
| September 26 |  | at Alabama A&M |  | L 7–28 |  |  |
| October 1 |  | Alcorn State | * Golden Lion Stadium * Pine Bluff, AR | Canceled
 |  |  |
| October 10 |  | at Jackson State |  | W 20–13 OT | 11,082 |  |
| October 24 |  | Edward Waters* | * Golden Lion Stadium * Pine Bluff, AR | W 38–12 |  |  |
| October 31 | 2:30 p.m. | at Southern | * Golden Lion Stadium * Pine Bluff, AR | L 10–24 | 10,116 |  |
| November 7 |  | vs. Grambling State |  | W 49–42 | 26,712 |  |
| November 21 |  | at No. 20 Prairie View A&M |  | L 17–49 |  |  |
| November 28 |  | vs. Texas Southern |  | L 10–14 |  |  |
|  | | | | | | |

1. "Langston loses to Ark–Pine Bluff". *The Daily Oklahoman*. September 13, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2023  via Newspapers.com.
2. "Arkansas–Pine Bluff 27, Mississippi Valley State 7". *The Clarion-Ledger*. September 20, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2023  via Newspapers.com.
3. "Alabama A&M 28, Arkansas–Pine Bluff 7". *The Montgomery Advertiser*. September 27, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2023  via Newspapers.com.
4. "Alcorn, UAPB play to scoreless half before game canceled". *The Clarion-Ledger*. October 3, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2023  via Newspapers.com.
5. "Jackson State falls to USPB rally". *Enterprise-Journal*. October 11, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2023  via Newspapers.com.
6. "Arkansas–Pine Bluff 38, Edward Waters 12". *News-Press*. October 25, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2023  via Newspapers.com.
7. "Southern 24, UAPB 10". *The Shreveport Times*. November 1, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2023  via Newspapers.com.
8. "UAPB squeaks by Grambling, 49–42". *The Shreveport Times*. November 8, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2023  via Newspapers.com.
9. "Texas Southern 14, Arkansas–Pine Bluff 10". *The Brownsville Herald*. November 29, 2009. Retrieved September 9, 2023  via Newspapers.com.
10. "2009 Arkansas–Pine Bluff Golden Lions football schedule". *ESPN.com*. Retrieved September 9, 2023.

## InfoBox

| 2009 Arkansas–Pine Bluff Golden Lions football | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Southwestern Athletic Conference |
| Division | West Division |
| Record | 5–5 (3–4 SWAC) |
| Head coach |  |
| Home stadium | Golden Lion Stadium |
|


title: Eugène Cicéri

abstract: Étienne Eugène Cicéri was a French painter, illustrator, engraver and theatrical designer.

text:
# Eugène Cicéri

**Étienne Eugène Cicéri** (27 January 1813 – 20 April 1890) was a French painter, illustrator, engraver and theatrical designer.

## Biography

He came from an artistic family. His father was the scenographer, Pierre-Luc-Charles Cicéri. He was also the grandson of the painter Jean-Baptiste Isabey, and his mother's brother was the painter Eugène Isabey.

He received his first lessons from his father and his uncle and became influenced by the Barbizon School while still young. He decided to specialize in landscapes and was one of the first artists to work in Bourron-Marlotte, where he settled in 1849. His first exhibit at the Salon came in 1851. The following year, his painting of the banks of the Loing was awarded a second-class medal.

He was also a watercolorist and published albums of lithographs based on photographs; breaking with his Romantic predecessors to present scenes realistically. One of his most popular albums was derived from trips he made to the Alps and the Pyrénées: *Les Pyrénées dessinées d'après nature et lithographiées* and *La Suisse et la Savoie*, based on photographs by Frédéric Martens taken from 1859 to 1865. Later, he was one of the artists who participated in illustrating the travel writings of Baron Taylor and Charles Nodier, collected as *Voyages pittoresques et romantiques dans l'ancienne France*, featuring views of Brittany. A few of his works were done in North Africa, gaining him a reputation as an Orientalist.

Like his father, he also did theatrical set designs and some decorative work; notably at the Château de Montmort.

## Further reading

* Hélène Saule-Sorbé, *Pyrénées, voyage par les images*, éditions de Faucompret, 1993 ISBN 978-2-906922-20-4
* Gérald Schurr and Pierre Cabanne, *Dictionnaire des Petits Maîtres de la peinture, 1820–1920*, Paris, éditions de l'Amateur, 2008 ISBN 978-2-85917-223-7


title: Epidendrum parviflorum

abstract: Epidendrum parviflorum is a small-flowered reed-stemmed Epidendrum orchid found in the montane tropical wet forests of Bolivia, Ecuador, and Amazonas, Peru.

text:
# Epidendrum parviflorum

***Epidendrum parviflorum*** is a small-flowered reed-stemmed *Epidendrum* orchid found in the montane tropical wet forests of Bolivia (including Cochabamba), Ecuador, and Amazonas, Peru.

## Description

As with other members of the subgenus *E*. subg. *Spathium*, the inflorescence of *E. parviflorum* erupts from an enlarged spathe at the apex of an un-swollen stem covered by alternate foliaceous sheaths. The linear-lanceolate acuminate leaves grow up to 8 cm long and 1.2 cm wide. The paniculate inflorescence bears numerous 2 cm green flowers. The leathery sepals are 10 mm long and concave toward the dilated acuminate end, where they are 2–3 mm wide. The filiform petals, also dilated toward the end, are 10 mm long and less than 1 mm wide. The lip bears rounded lateral lobes, and divides into two triangular points at the apex. The callus is purple.

## Synonymy and homonymy

Kew lists two synonyms: *E. gramineum* Lindl. and *E. patulipetalum* Schltr.. Reichenbach 1861 listed *E. gramineum* Lindl. as a separate species, in the subgenus he called *Euepidendrum* Lindl., a taxon of reed-stemmed *Epidendrum* plants with inflorescences that lack any spathe or sheath at the base; the description does not specifically mention the base of the inflorescence.

The binomial *Epidendrum parviflorum* has also been published for two additional species:

A picture of *E. parviflorum* flowers may be found at The Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia.

## InfoBox

| *Epidendrum parviflorum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Genus: | *Epidendrum* |
| Subgenus: | *Epidendrum subg. Spathium* |
| Species: | ***E. parviflorum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Epidendrum parviflorum***<br>Ruiz & Pav. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Exportation of Arms Act 1900

abstract: The Exportation of Arms Act 1900, long title An Act to amend the Law relating to the Exportation of Arms, Ammunition, and Military and Naval Stores, was an Act of Parliament of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, given royal assent on 6 August 1900 and repealed in 1986. It provided that the monarch, by proclamation, had the power to prohibit the export of certain classes of military equipment, or "any article... capable of being converted into or made useful in increasing the quantity" of such equipment, when it was necessary to prevent the equipment being used against British or allied citizens or military forces. The material so proclaimed was to be considered "prohibited goods" under the Customs and Inland Revenue Act 1879, and dealt with as though it were listed in section 8 of that Act. The Act was repealed by the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1986.

text:
# Exportation of Arms Act 1900

The **Exportation of Arms Act 1900** (63 & 64 Vict. c. 44), long title *An Act to amend the Law relating to the Exportation of Arms, Ammunition, and Military and Naval Stores*, was an Act of Parliament of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, given royal assent on 6 August 1900 and repealed in 1986.

It provided that the monarch, by proclamation, had the power to prohibit the export of certain classes of military equipment, or "any article ... capable of being converted into or made useful in increasing the quantity" of such equipment, when it was necessary to prevent the equipment being used against British or allied citizens or military forces.

The material so proclaimed was to be considered "prohibited goods" under the Customs and Inland Revenue Act 1879, and dealt with as though it were listed in section 8 of that Act.

The Act was repealed by the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1986.

* *The public general acts passed in the sixty-third and sixty-third and sixty-fourth years of the reign of her majesty Queen Victoria*. London: printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1900.
* *Chronological table of the statutes*; HMSO, London. 1993.

## InfoBox

Exportation of Arms Act 1900
| Act of Parliament | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Long title | An Act to amend the Law relating to the Exportation of Arms, Ammunition, and Military and Naval Stores. |
| Citation | 63 & 64 Vict. c. 44 |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 6 August 1900 |
| Other legislation | |
| Repealed by | Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1986 |
| Status: Repealed | |