title: Dunwich Convict Causeway

abstract: Dunwich Convict Causeway is a heritage-listed causeway at Junner Street, Dunwich, North Stradbroke Island in the City of Redland, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1827 by convict labour for the Moreton Bay penal settlement. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 22 October 1999.

text:
# Dunwich Convict Causeway

**Dunwich Convict Causeway** is a heritage-listed causeway at Junner Street, Dunwich, North Stradbroke Island in the City of Redland, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1827 by convict labour for the Moreton Bay penal settlement. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 22 October 1999.

## History

Dunwich convict causeway was constructed in 1827 as part of a military and stores depot servicing the recently established Moreton Bay penal settlement. A sandbar at the mouth of the Brisbane River meant it was impossible for large vessels to carry goods into Brisbane. Consequently, ships unloaded cargoes at Dunwich and smaller cutters carried the goods over the bar and on to the settlement. Following its closure in 1831 the causeway continued to service subsequent developments at Dunwich including a Catholic mission (1843-1847); quarantine station (1850-1864) and the Dunwich Benevolent Asylum (1864-1947). Today the causeway is an integral part of the barge and water taxi landing facilities and has established Dunwich as the gateway to North Stradbroke Island.

In 1823 John Oxley discovered the Brisbane River and a recommendation was made that a settlement should be established on its banks. Redcliffe was suggested as the site for the first establishment due to its proximity to the river entry, central bay location and favourable landing at all tide times. However, Oxley maintained that the banks of the Brisbane River were better suited to a permanent settlement while Redcliffe should be seen as a military post and depot store. This discovery and subsequent recommendation followed Commissioner John Bigge's instruction that a penal settlement should be established at Port Curtis (near Gladstone), Moreton Bay and Port Bowen (north of Rockhampton, 22°30′S 150°45′E / 22.5°S 150.75°E / -22.5; 150.75 (Port Bowen)). Commissioner Bigge had been sent from Britain to comment on the state of the colony in New South Wales.

In June 1824 the government proclaimed an intention to establish a settlement at Moreton Bay or in the near vicinity. There was a general indecision regarding the type of settlement that should take place following Oxley's glowing report of the area. However, Governor Thomas Brisbane proceeded with his original instructions to establish a penal settlement at Moreton Bay, hopeful that one day the area might be opened up to free settlement. The decision proved frustrating as the British government later confirmed in January 1825 that they intended Norfolk Island to be reoccupied by convicts with Moreton Bay seeming more appropriate for colonisation. Whilst desirable, the directive arrived too late and with an increasing demand for places to send convicts Governor Brisbane had no other option but to establish Moreton Bay as penal settlement. As a compromise Moreton Bay became a place for minor offenders while more serious offenders were sent to Norfolk Island.

On 1 September 1824 the Government vessel, "Amity", departed from Sydney bound for Moreton Bay. The ship included Lieutenant Henry Miller, Commandant of the settlement; John Oxley, Commanding Officer and Chief of the expedition; Lieutenant Butler, assistant Surveyor; Allan Cunningham, botanist; general troops and 29 convicts. Approximately half of the convicts had volunteered in the hope they may gain a ticket of leave for their efforts in establishing the first settlement. The convicts were from varied backgrounds including quarrymen, lime burners, bricklayers, marble polishers, stone cutters, brick makers, plasterers and labourers.

On 10 September 1824 the "Amity" arrived in Moreton Bay and following an inspection of St Helena Island, Redcliffe was selected as the site for settlement as originally recommended in 1823. However, the Redcliffe settlement was short lived. In late September 1824 the Amity was nearly driven a shore by a fierce storm prompting Oxley to declare the site an unsafe place to anchor. Following further exploration of the surrounding waters Oxley discovered a safer point of entry into the bay through the south passage between Stradbroke Island (now separated into North Stradbroke Island and South Stradbroke Island) and Moreton Island.

In October 1824 Governor Brisbane visited the Moreton Bay settlement and following a journey some 30 miles (48 km) up the Brisbane River endorsed Oxley's earlier recommendations for settlement. It appears that the settlement was officially relocated from Redcliffe to Brisbane in May 1825, however the dates are unconfirmed. There was also some confusion regarding the exact location of the settlement. Governor Brisbane had previously approved a location 9 miles (14 km) from the mouth of the Brisbane River. However, instructions to Lieutenant Miller stated that a settlement was to be established at a distance of 27 miles (43 km). It is unclear whether this distance was from the river mouth or Redcliffe. Irrespective, it appears Lieutenant Miller took it upon himself to establish the settlement near the current Victoria Bridge location.

Proceeding the movement from Redcliffe to Brisbane John Gray, Pilot of Port Jackson received orders to survey and buoy the south passage as discovered by Oxley. To maintain the buoys a pilot was posted at Amity Point on Stradbroke Island. A sandbar at the mouth of the Brisbane River prevented large ships from entering the river and as such Amity Point became a pilot station at which large vessels unloaded and distributed their cargo to smaller craft which could navigate the bar and transport goods into Brisbane. The Amity Point pilot station was the first in the Moreton bay penal settlement and continued to operate till the wreck of the Sovereign in 1848 when it was relocated to Moreton Island and shipping then used the northern entrance to the bay via Cape Moreton.

In 1827 Governor Ralph Darling visited the settlement and amongst other concerns expressed a dissatisfaction with the inability of large ships to navigate the sandbar at the Brisbane River mouth. Captain Patrick Logan, Commandant of Brisbane, recommended the settlement be relocated to Green Point or Bird Island. Captain Logan wrote to Governor Darling,

*"......it appears to me that Green Point is not only the most eligible situation but likewise possesses every requisite for a penal settlement. The channels from the two rivers unite at this point and there is good anchorage for ships in six fathoms water; if a jetty was thrown out about 150 yards, vessels drawing 18 feet could lay alongside at low water. And besides, there is a small island one and three-quarter miles from the shore having four fathoms close to the beach. I think this would be an excellent site for a store and dockyard; vessels could here be discharged without having any communication with the settlement which would completely prevent smuggling. The boats belonging to the settlement could be hauled up here at sunset, which would prevent any surprise if the prisoners were disposed to seize them. There is a supply of fresh water sufficient for the largest city."*

In response to Captain Logan's recommendations Governor Darling wrote to Viscount Goderich, Secretary of State for War and the Colonies,

'With respect to the Settlement at Moreton Bay, its local situation appears to me highly objectionable. The tediousness and difficulty of the access render it extremely inconvenient. From the entrance of the Bay to the mouth of the Brisbane, on the left bank of which the settlement is situated is about fifteen miles, the intermediate space being in general so extremely shoal as to interrupt the Communication. The Settlement of Brisbane Town is at least fifteen miles further up the River, so that much time is lost in gaining the Settlement, and small vessels only, of a light draught of water, can accomplish it. I propose, as a means of remedying in some degree this inconvenience, to form a small Settlement at "Dunwich" on the Isle of Stradbroke, being the southern boundary of the Bay, for the purpose of receiving in the first instance the supplies sent from this for the Settlement, and the Timber, etc., to be forwarded thence to Sydney. According to this arrangement, the Vessels employed in communicating with Moreton Bay will not be detained longer than may be necessary to discharge and take in their cargoes at Dunwich, it being intended to station a small, Vessel at that place for the purpose of conveying the supplies from the Establishment to the Settlement and bringing down the Timber, etc. The Establishment at Dunwich will consist of a Warehouse or large store for the security of the supplies, until they can be forwarded to their destination. A few convict labourers will be kept there and a small Guard of Soldiers for the protection of the Establishment. The removal of the Settlement altogether might be desirable, but the Establishment at Dunwich will render it, at least, less necessary.'

On 29 November 1827 Governor Darling directed Captain Logan to establish a military post and stores depot at Dunwich formerly known as Green Point. Plans and materials were sent from Sydney with instructions to establish a warehouse and accommodation for convict labourers, boatmen and soldiers. In May 1828 Logan reported that the magazine at Dunwich was roofed and nearly completed and the military and prisoner barracks at Dunwich were finished and occupied.

It is believed the stone used to construct the causeway was quarried from the nearby Doctor's Hill and that earth used to fill the structure also taken from a nearby location. Both the rock form and colour present in the causeway are in keeping with the surrounding rock features.

Generally, the materials used in construction would have put together by hand using techniques traditional to European building techniques of the early nineteenth century.

The outstation at Dunwich only functioned for a few years. Based on Andrew Petrie's plan of 1839 it appears the causeway may have been extended at some point during this period. This extension increased the water depth at the causeway end from 4.5 to 5.5 feet (1.4 to 1.7 m). In 1830 Captain Logan was killed and in November 1831 Logan's successor Captain James Oliphant Clunie requested that the use of the settlement be discontinued. Clunie confirmed cargoes were still being lost over board during unloading in rough weather, local aboriginals were proving hostile and had killed a convict in the garden and the issue of smuggling had not been eliminated. Following its closure, a small guard remained to protect the buildings and records indicate that timber loading continued there until about 1837.

The settlement was briefly used as Catholic mission to the local Aboriginals from 1843 to 1847. However, the mission was never successful and the last Passionist Father was forced to leave the island after continued threats from aboriginals. From 1850 to 1864 the site was used as a quarantine station to receive all immigrants coming to Brisbane. One of the most notable and tragic entries to Dunwich was that of the ship, *Emigrant (ship), Emigrant*. Stricken with typhus fever the ship had already lost 16 people on its journey from Plymouth to Brisbane. Whilst at Dunwich a further 26 people died including the ship's surgeon, Dr George Mitchell and Resident Surgeon for the Moreton Bay Hospital and Coroner for the Brisbane districts Dr David Keith Ballow.

From 1864 attempts were made to establish a Benevolent Asylum at the old quarantine station. Eventually, in 1866 the Dunwich Benevolent Asylum was officially opened at Dunwich. The institution was declared a home for the old and infirm, disabled, inebriates and for a short time lepers. The government steamer, Otter, carrying a captain and 11 crew, serviced the asylum twice weekly from Brisbane. To enable the steamer to birth at low tide a wooden jetty was constructed at the end of the causeway in 1886. To assist with the unloading of vessels a horse drawn tramline was laid from the end of the wooden jetty along the causeway and up through the settlement ending at the kitchen and laundry facility. Other vessels servicing the settlement included coal barges which docked alongside of the causeway. To strengthen and protect the causeway and jetty timber piles and framework were constructed along the causeway face.

In 1947 the institution was officially closed as a result of overcrowding, deteriorating health conditions and maintenance concerns with the "Otter". The institution was then transferred to the newly established Eventide Home on the site of the former RAAF Station Sandgate. Dunwich was then opened up to government land sales and mining of mineral sand resources. From 1947 to 1957 a number of passenger ferries serviced both Dunwich and Amity Point from Brisbane, Redland Bay and Cleveland. The first drive-on drive-off ferry commenced operation in 1964 and ran from Cleveland to Dunwich using the beach as a ramp for loading and unloading. However, with further development and an increase in sand mining a deep water car ferry ramp was needed. Consequently, plans were made to reclaim land to the south east of the causeway providing a place for barge landing. Today this reclaimed land is the site of barge and water taxi landings servicing an ever increasing number of residents and visitors.

The development of North Stradbroke island as a popular holiday retreat and rich mineral sand mining resource has meant the barge landing facilities at Dunwich have undergone continual change since 1947. Whilst not significant and sometimes destructive, the physical layers of growth do help to illustrate the development of Dunwich and the importance of the causeway site as an entry to North Stradbroke Island. Despite substantial additions to the south east side of the causeway the structure and the historical layers of the place remain intact.

## Description

Dunwich convict causeway is located at the end of Junner Street, Dunwich on North Stradbroke Island. On arrival at Dunwich the causeway is not visibly obvious as it forms the northern extent of the landing area which is obscured from view. Further investigation reveals the causeway is still an intact and integral part of the barge and water taxi landing facilities. The causeway itself functions largely as a pedestrian access for people walking out to catch the barge or water taxi. The reclaimed land to the south of the causeway carries all vehicular traffic to the barge. Recent community landscape projects have assisted in establishing a native vegetated boundary between the vehicular traffic area and the causeway thus helping to delineate between the old and the new.

Looking along the causeway toward Dunwich Junner Street dissects an elevated headland. The heavily vegetated, lower section of headland on the northern side of Junner Street was once the location of the military post and stores depot established by Captain Logan at the same time as the causeway. On the other side of Junner street is a higher section of headland referred to as Doctor's Hill. Whilst the area has undergone significant change the causeway has remained constant and played an important role in establishing Dunwich as the point of entry to North Stradbroke Island as well as influencing the resultant town structure.

The most complete view of the causeway is gained from the northern inshore public reserve near the beach swimming enclosure. From this location the extent of the causeway can be fully appreciated and the role it played as part of the military post and later Benevolent Asylum becomes more obvious. Additionally, the view clearly reveals layers of development contrasted against the fabric of the causeway. Whilst not significant, these layers mark the continued growth of the Dunwich landing area and broader town structure.

It is no longer possible to view the causeway in its entirety. The southern face of the structure has since been used as a stabilising wall against which further land reclamation has been carried out in order to improve and increase the barge landing area. The surface of the causeway is now covered by concrete pavement however was originally compacted soil. The eastern end of the causeway disappears into more recent boulder wall constructed as part of the sea shore stabilisation. At the water's end the causeway disappears into a more recent boat ramp constructed of boulders and concrete with a bitumen trafficable surface leading into the water. The wooden jetty constructed as part of the Benevolent Asylum has been replaced by a more recent jetty structure which angles to the southwest away from the causeway end. A number of weathered wooden piles along the northern face of the causeway are all that remain of the protective frame constructed during the Benevolent Asylum period.

The causeway itself is approximately 90 metres (300 ft) long and 7 metres (23 ft) wide and constructed from rough, red coloured stone of regular size, laid in straight courses without mortar. It is believed the stone for the wall was taken from the beach or quarry face on the nearby Doctor's Hill. There are obvious sections of the wall that are deteriorating as well as sections of wall that have been repaired. These areas of repair are most easily identified as infills of irregularly shaped, sandy coloured stone, quarried from a different location on the island. In the areas of deterioration the method of causeway construction and layers of history can be fully appreciated. Through the rubble the layers of rock and causeway infill material are visible as well as segments of the tram tracks, laid as part of the Benevolent Asylum additions to the causeway. This exposure confirms the thought that whilst sections of the wall may be buried they are more than likely intact.

## Heritage listing

Dunwich Convict Causeway was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 22 October 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.

**The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.**

Constructed as part of a convict outstation and the primary landing place for all vessels coming into Moreton Bay and Brisbane the causeway has historical significance for its valuable role in the early colonial settlement of Queensland. Since the closure of the convict outstation, the causeway has played an important role in subsequent developments at Dunwich.

**The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage.**

The Dunwich causeway is an extremely important and rare piece of Queensland's built history. With the Windmill and Commissariat Store in Brisbane it is one of three convict structures known to survive in southeast Queensland. More specifically it is perhaps the only example of a convict built maritime structure in the state.

**The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Queensland's history.**

The causeway provides the community with the potential to yield a greater understanding of Queensland's history and the pivotal role this small structure played in the development of the Moreton Bay penal settlement and in turn the city of Brisbane and state of Queensland.

**The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.**

The physical fabric of the causeway clearly illustrates both the principal characteristics of European building techniques in the early part of the nineteenth century and the construction methods used by convicts to build a structure of this nature.

**The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period.**

A degree of technical achievement is demonstrated in the construction of the causeway.

**The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.**

The causeway has social significance for community groups involved with the Catholic Mission, Quarantine Station, Benevolent Asylum, residents and tourists as the point of landing on North Stradbroke Island.

### Attribution

This Wikipedia article was originally based on *"The Queensland heritage register"* published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 7 July 2014, archived on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were originally computed from the *"Queensland heritage register boundaries"* published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 5 September 2014, archived on 15 October 2014).

Media related to Dunwich Convict Causeway at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Dunwich Convict Causeway | |
| --- | --- |
| Dunwich Convict Causeway, 2009 | |
| Location | Junner Street, Dunwich, North Stradbroke Island, City of Redland, Queensland, Australia |
| Coordinates | 27°30′09″S 153°24′04″E / 27.5026°S 153.4011°E / -27.5026; 153.4011 |
| Design period | 1824 - 1841 (convict settlement) |
| Built | 1827 |
|  | |
| Queensland Heritage Register | |
| Official name | Dunwich Convict Causeway |
| Type | state heritage (archaeological, built) |
| Designated | 22 October 1999 |
| Reference no. | 601021 |
| Significant period | 1820s (fabric)<br>1827-1831 (convict period historical use) |
| Builders | convict labour |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Dunwich Convict Causeway in QueenslandDunwich Convict Causeway (Australia) | |


title: 1973 Five Nations Championship

abstract: The 1973 Five Nations Championship was the 44th Five Nations Championship, an annual rugby union competition contested by the men's national teams of England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, and the 79th since it began as the Home Nations Championship. Ten matches were played between 13 January and 14 April 1973. As each nation won their two home matches, the championship was shared between all five teams; no further tie-break was applied to separate teams finishing level on match points. This was the only time that the Five Nations championship finished in a five-way tie. Due to the Troubles occurring in Ireland, which had resulted in 13 civilians being killed by the British Army in Derry and in the loss of over 100 British soldiers in 1972 and the potential security risks, both Scotland and Wales had refused to play Ireland in Dublin in 1972. Defying expectations to the contrary, England agreed to travel in 1973. Despite a poor performance, resulting in an 18–9 loss, the crowd in the Lansdowne Road stadium gave a standing ovation to the England team. England captain John Pullin delivered a quip at a post-match dinner - "Well we might not be any good but at least we turned up" - to great applause.

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# 1973 Five Nations Championship

The **1973 Five Nations Championship** was the 44th Five Nations Championship, an annual rugby union competition contested by the men's national teams of England, France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales, and the 79th since it began as the Home Nations Championship. Ten matches were played between 13 January and 14 April 1973.

As each nation won their two home matches (and therefore lost their two away matches), the championship was shared between all five teams; no further tie-break was applied to separate teams finishing level on match points. This was the only time that the Five Nations championship finished in a five-way tie.

Due to the Troubles occurring in Ireland, which had resulted in 13 civilians being killed by the British Army in Derry and in the loss of over 100 British soldiers in 1972 and the potential security risks, both Scotland and Wales had refused to play Ireland in Dublin in 1972. Defying expectations to the contrary, England agreed to travel in 1973. Despite a poor performance, resulting in an 18–9 loss, the crowd in the Lansdowne Road stadium gave a standing ovation to the England team. England captain John Pullin delivered a quip at a post-match dinner - "Well we might not be any good but at least we turned up" - to great applause.

## Participants

The teams involved were:

| **Nation** | **Venue** | **City** | **Head coach** | **Captain** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| England | Twickenham | London | John Elders | John Pullin |
| France | Parc des Princes | Paris | Jean Desclaux | Walter Spanghero |
| Ireland | Lansdowne Road | Dublin | Syd Millar | Tom Kiernan/Willie John McBride |
| Scotland | Murrayfield | Edinburgh | Bill Dickinson | Peter Brown |
| Wales | National Stadium | Cardiff | Clive Rowlands | Arthur Lewis |

## Table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Wales | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 53 | 43 | +10 | 4 |
| 1 | Ireland | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 50 | 48 | +2 | 4 |
| 1 | France | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 38 | 36 | +2 | 4 |
| 1 | Scotland | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 55 | 59 | 4 | 4 |
| 1 | England | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 52 | 62 | 10 | 4 |

Source:

## Squads

## Results

| France | 1613 | Scotland |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Tries**: Dourthe
**Pen.**: Romeu (3)
**Drops**: Romeu |  | **Tries**: Lawson
**Pen.**: Brown (2)
**Drops**: McGeechan |

---

| Wales | 259 | England |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Tries**: Bevan (2)
Davies
Edwards
Lewis
**Con.**: Bennett
**Pen.**: Taylor |  | **Pen.**: Doble (2)
**Drops**: Cowman |

---

| Scotland | 109 | Wales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Tries**: Steele
Telfer
**Con.**: Morgan |  | **Pen.**: Bennett (2)
Taylor |

---

| Ireland | 189 | England |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Tries**: Grace
Milliken
**Con.**: McGann (2)
**Pen.**: McGann
**Drops**: McGann |  | **Tries**: Neary
**Con.**: Jorden
**Pen.**: Jorden |

---

| Scotland | 1914 | Ireland |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Tries**: Forsyth
**Pen.**: Morgan (2)
**Drops**: McGeechan
Morgan (2) |  | **Tries**: Kiernan
McMaster
**Pen.**: McGann (2) |

| England | 146 | France |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Tries**: Duckham (2)
**Pen.**: Jorden (2) |  | **Tries**: Bertranne
**Con.**: Romeu |

---

| Wales | 1612 | Ireland |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Tries**: Edwards
Shanklin
**Con.**: Bennett
**Pen.**: Bennett (2) |  | **Tries**: Gibson
**Con.**: McGann
**Pen.**: McGann (2) |

---

| England | 2013 | Scotland |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Tries**: Dixon (2)
Evans
Squires
**Con.**: Jorden (2) |  | **Tries**: Steele (2)
**Con.**: Irvine
**Pen.**: Morgan |

---

| France | 123 | Wales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Pen.**: Romeu (3)
**Drops**: Romeu |  | **Drops**: Bennett |

---

| Ireland | 64 | France |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Pen.**: Ensor
Gibson |  | **Tries**: Phliponeau |

## InfoBox

| 1973 Five Nations Championship | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 13 January - 14 April 1973 |
| Countries | England
Ireland
France
Scotland
Wales |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Champions | Shared |
| Matches played | 10 |
| Tries scored | 28 (2.8 per match) |
| Top point scorer(s) | Jean-Pierre Romeu (26) |
| Top try scorer(s) | William Steele (3) |
| 1972 (Previous) (Next) 1974 | |


title: 1979 WTA German Open

abstract: The 1979 WTA German Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Rot-Weiss Tennis Club in West Berlin, West Germany that was part of the 1979 Colgate Series and was held from 21 May through 27 May 1979. It was the 11th edition of the tournament and the first women's only edition. Caroline Stoll won the singles title and earned $20,000 first-prize money.

text:
# 1979 WTA German Open

The **1979 WTA German Open** was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Rot-Weiss Tennis Club in West Berlin, West Germany that was part of the 1979 Colgate Series and was held from 21 May through 27 May 1979. It was the 11th edition of the tournament and the first women's only edition. Caroline Stoll won the singles title and earned $20,000 first-prize money.

## Finals

### Singles

Caroline Stoll defeated  Regina Maršíková 7–6<sup>(7–4)</sup>, 6–0

### Doubles

Rosie Casals /  Wendy Turnbull defeated  Evonne Goolagong /  Kerry Reid 6–2, 7–5

## Prize money

| **Event** | **W** | F | SF | QF | Round of 16 | Round of 32 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Singles | $20,000 | $10,000 | $5,400 | $2,300 | $1,200 | $600 |

1. "German Open" (PDF). *www.wtatennis.com*. Women's Tennis Association (WTA).
2. John Dolan (2011). *Women's Tennis 1968–84: the Ultimate Guide*. Remous. pp. 321, 330.
3. John Barrett, ed. (1980). *World of Tennis 1980 : a BP yearbook*. London: Queen Anne Press. p. 146. ISBN 9780362020120. OCLC 237184610.

## InfoBox

| 1979 WTA German Open | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 21 – 27 May |
| Edition | 11th |
| Category | Colgate Series (AAA) |
| Draw | 32S / 16D |
| Prize money | $100,000 |
| Surface | Clay / outdoor |
| Location | West Berlin, West Germany |
| Venue | Rot-Weiss Tennis Club |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Caroline Stoll | |
| Doubles | |
| Rosie Casals /  Wendy Turnbull | |
|  | |


title: 1973 Uruguayan general strike

abstract: On 27 June 1973 a coup was declared in Uruguay by the president, Juan María Bordaberry, who closed parliament and imposed direct rule from a junta of military generals. The official reason was to crush the Tupamaros, a Marxist urban guerrilla movement. Within hours of the coup being declared, the leftist trade union Convención Nacional de Trabajadores called a general strike. Factory occupations took place throughout the country, and many ports, banks and stores closed. On 2 July 1973 the CNT was officially dissolved, though many affiliated unions were allowed to temporary operate, and two days later the government gave all employers to dismiss workers who failed to return to work. The strike ended 15 days after it started, with nearly all unions busted and most of the trade union leaders in jail, dead, or exiled to Argentina. Unions and political parties remained illegal until the Uruguayan general strikes of 1984, which were a set of several 24-hour general strikes that eventually forced the military to accept civilian rule and the restoration of democracy.

text:
# 1973 Uruguayan general strike

On 27 June 1973 a coup was declared in Uruguay by the president, Juan María Bordaberry, who closed parliament and imposed direct rule from a junta of military generals. The official reason was to crush the *Tupamaros*, a Marxist urban guerrilla movement.

Within hours of the coup being declared, the leftist trade union Convención Nacional de Trabajadores called a general strike. Factory occupations took place throughout the country, and many ports, banks and stores closed. On 2 July 1973 the CNT was officially dissolved, though many affiliated unions were allowed to temporary operate, and two days later the government gave all employers to dismiss workers who failed to return to work. The strike ended 15 days after it started, with nearly all unions busted and most of the trade union leaders in jail, dead, or exiled to Argentina.

Unions and political parties remained illegal until the Uruguayan general strikes of 1984, which were a set of several 24-hour general strikes that eventually forced the military to accept civilian rule and the restoration of democracy.


title: 121st Pioneers

abstract: The 121st Pioneers were an infantry regiment of the East India Company's Bombay Army and later the British Indian Army. The regiment traces their origins to 1777, when they were raised as the Marine Battalion. The regiments first action was in the Anglo-Persian War, they returned to the Gulf when they were used in the punitive expedition in the Beni Boo Ali campaign in 1821, against the pirates in Eastern Arabia and the Persian Gulf. They were involved in a number of campaigns following this the conquest of Sindh including the Battle of Hyderabad in 1843. The Second Anglo-Sikh War in 1848, the Second Anglo-Burmese War in 1852 and the 1868 Expedition to Abyssinia. During World War I the regiment served in the Mesopotamia Campaign and the Sinai and Palestine Campaigns. After World War I the Indian government reformed the army moving from single battalion regiments to multi battalion regiments. In 1922, the 121st Pioneers became the 10th (Marine) Battalion, 2nd Bombay Pioneers. The regiment was disbanded in 1932.

text:
# 121st Pioneers

The **121st Pioneers** were an infantry regiment of the East India Company's Bombay Army and later the British Indian Army. The regiment traces their origins to 1777, when they were raised as the Marine Battalion.

The regiments first action was in the Anglo-Persian War, they returned to the Gulf when they were used in the punitive expedition in the Beni Boo Ali campaign in 1821, against the pirates in Eastern Arabia and the Persian Gulf. They were involved in a number of campaigns following this the conquest of Sindh including the Battle of Hyderabad in 1843. The Second Anglo-Sikh War in 1848, the Second Anglo-Burmese War in 1852 and the 1868 Expedition to Abyssinia. During World War I the regiment served in the Mesopotamia Campaign and the Sinai and Palestine Campaigns.

After World War I the Indian government reformed the army moving from single battalion regiments to multi battalion regiments. In 1922, the 121st Pioneers became the 10th (Marine) Battalion, 2nd Bombay Pioneers. The regiment was disbanded in 1932.

## Predecessor names

* Marine Battalion - 1777
* 1st (Marine) Battalion, 11th Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry - 1818
* 21st (Marine) Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry - 1824
* 21st Bombay Infantry (The Marine Battalion) - 1885
* 121st Pioneers

* Barthorp, Michael; Burn, Jeffrey (1979). *Indian infantry regiments 1860-1914*. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 0-85045-307-0.
* Rinaldi, Richard A (2008). *Order of Battle British Army 1914*. Ravi Rikhye. ISBN 978-0-9776072-8-0.
* Sharma, Gautam (1990). *Valour and sacrifice: famous regiments of the Indian Army*. Allied Publishers. ISBN 81-7023-140-X.
* Sumner, Ian (2001). *The Indian Army 1914-1947*. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-196-6.
* Moberly, F.J. (1923). *Official History of the War: Mesopotamia Campaign*, Imperial War Museum. ISBN 1-870423-30-5

## InfoBox

| 121st Pioneers | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 17771922 |
| Country | Indian Empire |
| Branch | Army |
| Type | Infantry |
| Part of | Bombay Army (to 1895)
Bombay Command |
| Colors | Red; faced green. |
| Engagements | Anglo-Persian War
Beni Boo Ali campaign
Second Anglo-Burmese War
Second Anglo-Sikh War
1868 Expedition to Abyssinia
World War I |


title: Andrzej Gwiazda

abstract: Andrzej Gwiazda is an engineer and prominent opposition leader, who participated in Polish March 1968 Events and December 1970 Events; one of the founders of Free Trade Unions, Member of the Presiding Committee of the Strike at Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk in August 1980, Vice President of the Founding Committee of Solidarity, then Vice President of Solidarity in 1980 and 1981; in December 1981 interned and next imprisoned with six other Solidarność leaders. His wife, Joanna Duda-Gwiazda also was a prominent member of the anticommunist opposition in the 1970s and 1980s.

text:
# Andrzej Gwiazda

**Andrzej Gwiazda** (born 14 April 1935 in Pińczów) is an engineer and prominent opposition leader, who participated in Polish March 1968 Events and December 1970 Events; one of the founders of Free Trade Unions, Member of the Presiding Committee of the Strike at Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk in August 1980, Vice President of the Founding Committee of Solidarity, then Vice President of Solidarity in 1980 and 1981; in December 1981 interned and next imprisoned with six other Solidarność leaders (see Martial Law in Poland). His wife, Joanna Duda-Gwiazda (they married in 1961) also was a prominent member of the anticommunist opposition in the 1970s and 1980s.

## Life and activism

Gwiazda's father was a sailor of the Riverine Flotilla of the Polish Navy, stationed in Pińsk (now Belarus), where the family moved in 1939, a few months before the outbreak of World War II. His father Stanisław fought in the Polish September Campaign, as a soldier of Independent Operational Group Polesie. After capitulation of Poland he was caught by the Germans, and spent the war in Oflag II-C in Woldenberg. Young Andrzej, together with mother Zofia (née Zamojska) and grandmother, was in 1940 deported by the Soviets (see Soviet invasion of Poland, Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946)) to Kazakhstan, where they stayed until 1946. After the return and reuniting with Stanisław Gwiazda, the family first settled in Upper Silesia, then they moved to Gdańsk, where Andrzej studied electronics at Gdańsk University of Technology, graduating in 1966. After graduation, he worked at Cybernetics Institute of the University, and in 1973 took a job at Power Supplies Factory Elmor in Gdańsk.

Gwiazda married Joanna Duda-Gwiazda in 1961. After marriage, Andrzej and Joanna became more active in anticommunist movements. In 1968, Andrzej was involved in student protests in opposition to the Polish government. In December 1970, he participated in demonstration protesting the dramatic rise in food prices. In 1976, together with his wife, he wrote a letter to the Polish Parliament, in which he expressed support of Workers' Defence Committee. Soon afterwards, the Gwiazdas were officially banned from leaving the People's Republic of Poland, they were also under the surveillance of Służba Bezpieczeństwa. In 1978, Gwiazda was one of the founders of Free Trade Unions of the Coast (WZZ), publishing and delivering "Worker of the Coast", a bulletin of the WZZ. On 16 August 1980, he initiated an industrial action at Elmor. He then became a member of the Inter-Enterprise Strike Committee, and co-authored the famous 21 demands of MKS. However, he did not sign the Gdańsk Agreement, claiming that the workers, upon advice of their legal experts, agreed for too many concessions to the government. Arrested on 13 December 1981 (see Martial law in Poland, he was transported to a prison camp in Strzebielinek. Later on, Gwiazda was transferred to a jail in Warsaw’s district of Białołęka. Finally, Gwiazda was released on 22 July 1984, after an amnesty. On 16 December 1984, he was arrested again, after a scuffle with ZOMO officers, and sentenced to five months. After spending time in prisons in Gdańsk and Zabrze, he was released on 15 May 1985.

In 1986 - 1989, Gwiazda was one of leaders of *Working Group of National Commission of Solidarity*. The group was opposed to any forms of negotiations with Communist authorities. Unlike Lech Wałęsa, Gwiazda did not participate in creation of the Solidarity Citizens' Committee, nor in the negotiations of Polish Round Table Talks. He remains a firm skeptic about Wałęsa, saying that "from the beginning of the strike at the Gdańsk Shipyard, he was acting to the detriment of Solidarity". Also, he says that Wałęsa should never have been made "a symbol of Poland".

## Bibliography

### Works currently unavailable in English

#### Further reading


title: Ernst Hildebrand

abstract: Ernst Wilhelm Hildebrand was a German painter. Many art websites mistakenly identify him as "Swiss".

text:
# Ernst Hildebrand

**Ernst Wilhelm Hildebrand** (8 March 1833, Falkenberg, Heideblick \- 17 November 1924, Berlin) was a German painter. Many art websites mistakenly identify him as "Swiss".

## Biography

He was the son of a landowner who later became the station master of Sorau. His first art lessons came from Carl Steffeck in Berlin where, after a year spent on a study trip to Paris, he would decide to live. In 1875, he became a Professor at the Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe and, the following year, was appointed Professor of figure painting. Later, he also taught genre, history and portrait painting. His notable students there included Carl Röchling, Friedrich Kallmorgen and Pedro Weingärtner.

In 1880, at the suggestion of Anton von Werner, he was appointed to succeed Karl Gussow at the Prussian Academy of Arts. However, in 1885 he gave up teaching for health reasons. He remained a member of the academy and was elected to several terms on the academic Senate.

Initially, he focused on decorative painting, but soon turned to genre scenes, featuring Martin Luther and Queen Louise. In the 1890s, he once again switched styles, this time to portrait painting.

He also made himself welcome at court, where he produced canvases of the Grand Duke and Duchess of Baden and the Crown Prince (later Emperor) Frederick III. He also painted several portraits of University professors (including Arthur Auwers and Karl Möbius). Later, he ventured into painting scenes from history (Tullia Minor driving her team of horses over her father's corpse) and literature (such as *Gretchen in Prison*, a scene from Goethe's *Faust*).

His brother Max Hildebrand, was an engineer and inventor who made several improvements to geodetic and astronomical instruments.

## Further reading

* Ernst Hildebrand (Maler). In: *Allgemeines Lexikon der Bildenden Künstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart* (Thieme-Becker). Vol.17 Heubel–Hubard, E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1924, pg.75 (Online)
* Irmgard Wirth: *Berliner Malerei im 19. Jahrhundert*. Siedler Verlag, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-572-10011-9, pg.339.
* Adolf Rosenberg: *Ernst Hildebrand.* In: Gesellschaft für vervielfältigende Kunst (Ed.): *Die Graphischen Künste.* Vol.XI., # III., Vienna 1888 (Online).


title: 2005 Burundian presidential election

text:
# 2005 Burundian presidential election

Indirect presidential elections were held in Burundi on 19 August 2005. Members of the National Assembly and Senate chose the new president of the republic for a five-year term. The sole candidate, Pierre Nkurunziza of the CNDD–FDD, was elected by a vote of 151–9. Nkurunziza was sworn in on 26 August 2005.

## Electoral system

The election was held using the multiple round system. In order to win in the first round of voting, Nkurunziza was required to receive at least two-thirds of the vote (108 votes).

## Results

| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Pierre Nkurunziza | CNDD–FDD | 151 | 94.38 |
| Against | | | 9 | 5.62 |
| Total | | | 160 | 100.00 |
|  | | | | |
| Valid votes | | | 160 | 99.38 |
| Invalid/blank votes | | | 1 | 0.62 |
| Total votes | | | 161 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | | | 162 | 99.38 |
| Source: African Elections Database | | | | |


title: 2005 CAF Champions League

abstract: The 2005 CAF Champions League was the 41st edition of the CAF Champions League, the Africa's premier club football tournament prize organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF). It was started on 29 January 2005 with a preliminary round. Al Ahly of Egypt defeated Étoile du Sahel of Tunisia in the final to win their fourth title.

text:
# 2005 CAF Champions League

The **2005 CAF Champions League** was the 41st edition of the CAF Champions League, the Africa's premier club football tournament prize organized by the Confederation of African Football (CAF). It was started on 29 January 2005 with a preliminary round. Al Ahly of Egypt defeated Étoile du Sahel of Tunisia in the final to win their fourth title.

## Qualifying rounds

### Preliminary round

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Asante Kotoko** | w/o | Wallidan FC | **1** |  |
| **FAR Rabat** | 4–1 | ASC Ksar | 4–0 | 0–1 |
| Djoliba AC | 1–2 | **AS Douanes** | 1–1 | 0–1 |
| **RC Bafoussam** | 3–0 | Donjo | 1–0 | 2–0 |
| **DC Motema Pembe** | 3–2 | Rayon Sport | 3–0 | 0–2 |
| **Dolphin FC** | 3–1 | Renacimiento FC | 3–0 | 0–1 |
| **Sagrada Esperança** | 2–1 | AS Mangasport | 0–0 | 2–1 |
| **ASA** | 4–2 | Blue Waters F.C. | 3–0 | 1–2 |
| **Tusker FC** | 7–1 | KMKM | 4–1 | 3–0 |
| TP Mazembe | 2–2 (4–5 pk) | **ASFA Yennenga** | 2–0 | 0–2 |
| **Ajax Cape Town** | 2–1 | Mhlambanyatsi Rovers | 1–0 | 1–1 |
| Diaraf Dakar | 2–2 | **Fello Star** | 2–1 | 0–1 |
| **Al-Hilal Omdurman** | 3–2 | Awassa City FC | 2–1 | 1–1 |
| La Passe | 3–6 | **USJF Ravinala** | 2–2 | 1–4 |
| **Kaizer Chiefs** | 3–2 | AS Port Louis 2000 | 2–0 | 1–2 |
| **Simba SC** | 3–2 | Ferroviário Nampula | 2–1 | 1–1 |
| **CAPS United** | 8–4 | Lesotho Defence Force FC | 4–1 | 4–3 |
| **Red Arrows** | 0–0 (3–2 pk) | CSMD Diables Noirs | 0–0 | 0–0 |
| **Al Olympic** | 4–3 | Renaissance FC | 2–0 | 2–3 |
| **Villa SC** | 3–0 | Adulis Club | 1–0 | 2–0 |

1 Wallidan FC were withdrawn by the Gambia Football Federation.

### First round

|Ajax Cape Town won 5–3 on penalties

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Asante Kotoko | 1–2 | **FAR Rabat** | 1–0 | 0–2 |
| AS Douanes | 1–3 | **Étoile du Sahel** | 0–0 | 1–3 |
| RC Bafoussam | 2–3 | **Africa Sports National** | 1–0 | 1–3 |
| DC Motema Pembe | 1–3 | **Raja Casablanca** | 1–1 | 0–2 |
| **Dolphin FC** | 5–2 | Hearts of Oak SC | 4–0 | 1–2 |
| Sagrada Esperança | 2–3 | **ASEC Mimosas** | 2–2 | 0–1 |
| **ASA** | 2–1 | Coton Sport FC | 2–0 | 0–1 |
| Tusker FC | 1–4 | **Zamalek** | 0–1 | 1–3 |
| ASFA Yennenga | 1–1 | **Ajax Cape Town** | 1–0 | 0–1 |
| **Fello Star** | 1–0 | JS Kabylie | 1–0 | 0–0 |
| Al-Hilal | 3–5 | **Espérance de Tunis** | 2–0 | 1–5 |
| USJF Ravinala | 1–5 | **Kaizer Chiefs** | 0–1 | 1–4 |
| Simba SC | 1–5 | **Enyimba** | 1–1 | 0–4 |
| CAPS United | 2–3 | **Red Arrows** | 1–1 | 1–2 |
| Al Olympic | 0–7 | **USM Alger** | 0–2 | 0–5 |
| **Al Ahly** | 6–0 | Villa SC | 0–0 | 6–0 |

### Second round

|ASEC Mimosas won 5–3 on penalties |Ajax Cape Town won 3–2 on penalties

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| FAR Rabat | 1–2 | **Étoile Sahel** | 1–0 | 0–2 |
| Africa Sports National | 1–2 | **Raja Casablanca** | 1–1 | 0–1 |
| Dolphin FC | 2–2 | **ASEC Mimosas** | 2–0 | 0–2 |
| ASA | 1–3 | **Zamalek** | 1–1 | 0–2 |
| **Ajax Cape Town** | 2–2 | Fello Star | 2–0 | 0–2 |
| **Espérance de Tunis** | 5–2 | Kaizer Chiefs | 4–0 | 1–2 |
| **Enyimba** | 9–1 | Red Arrows | 3–0 | 6–1 |
| USM Alger | 2–3 | **Al Ahly** | 0–1 | 2–2 |

## Group stage

| Key to colours in group tables |
| --- |
| Group winners and runners-up advance to the Knockout stage |

### Group A

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |  | AHL | RCA | ENY | AJA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Al Ahly | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 2 | +5 | 10 | Advance to knockout stage |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | Raja Casablanca | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 5 | +1 | | 6 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | Enyimba | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 5 | +1 | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | Ajax Cape Town | 6 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 7 | | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |

Source:

### Group B

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |  | ESS | ZAM | ASEC | ESP |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Étoile du Sahel | 6 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 8 | 6 | +2 | 8 | Advance to knockout stage |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | Zamalek | 6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 7 | +1 | | 7 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | ASEC Mimosas | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | Espérance de Tunis | 6 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 | | 4 |  |  |  |  |  |

Source:

## Knockout stage

### Bracket

|  | Semi-finals | | | | |  |  | Final | | | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Raja Casablanca | 0 | 0 | **0** |  |  | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | |
|  |  | **Étoile du Sahel** | 1 | 1 | **2** |  | |
|  | | | | | | |  |  | Étoile du Sahel | 0 | 0 | **0** |  |
|  | | | | | | | |  | | | | |  |
|  | |  |  |  | **Al Ahly** | 0 | 3 | **3** |  |
|  |  | | | | | | | | Zamalek | 1 | 0 | **1** |  |
|  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |
|  | |  | **Al Ahly** | 2 | 2 | **4** |  |

### Semi-finals

The first leg was played on 24–25 September and the second on 15–16 October.

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Raja Casablanca | 0–2 | **Étoile du Sahel** | 0–1 | 0–1 |
| Zamalek | 1–4 | **Al Ahly** | 1–2 | 0–2 |

### Final

| Etoile du Sahel | 0–0 | Al Ahly |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Rapport |  |

Stade Olympique de Sousse, SousseAttendance: 20,000Referee: Abderrahim El Arjoun (Morocco)

| Al Ahly | 3–0 | Etoile du Sahel |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Rapport |  |

Cairo Military Academy Stadium, CairoAttendance: 35,000Referee: Lassina Paré (Burkina Faso)

## Top goalscorers

The top scorers from the 2005 CAF Champions League are as follows:

| Rank | Name | Team | Goals |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Mohamed Barakat | Al Ahly | 7 |
| | Joetex Frimpong | Enyimba | |
| 3 | Emad Moteab | Al Ahly | 6 |
| 4 | Leonard Tsipa | CAPS United | 5 |
| 5 | Pamphil Rabefitia | USJF Ravinala | 4 |
| | Collins Mbesuma | Kaizer Chiefs | |

## InfoBox

2005 CAF Champions League
| Confederation of African Football Champions League | |
| --- | --- |
| Tournament details | |
| Dates | 29 January – 12 November |
| Teams | 52 (from 47 confederations) |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Al Ahly (4th title) |
| Runners-up | Étoile du Sahel |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 104 |
| Goals scored | 266 (2.56 per match) |
| Top scorer(s) | Mohamed Barakat
Joetex Frimpong
(7 goals each) |
|


title: 1965 Golden Fleece Cup

abstract: The 1965 VFL Golden Fleece Night Premiership was the Victorian Football League end of season cup competition played in September of the 1965 VFL Premiership Season. Run as a knock-out tournament, it was contested by the eight VFL teams that failed to make the 1965 VFL finals series. It was the tenth VFL Night Series competition. Games were played at the Lake Oval, Albert Park, then the home ground of South Melbourne, as it was the only ground equipped to host night games. This was the first time the Night Series cup had a naming rights sponsor in Golden Fleece petroleum products. North Melbourne won its first night series cup defeating Carlton in the final by 40 points.

text:
# 1965 Golden Fleece Cup

The **1965 VFL Golden Fleece Night Premiership** was the Victorian Football League end of season cup competition played in September of the 1965 VFL Premiership Season. Run as a knock-out tournament, it was contested by the eight VFL teams that failed to make the 1965 VFL finals series. It was the tenth VFL Night Series competition. Games were played at the Lake Oval, Albert Park, then the home ground of South Melbourne, as it was the only ground equipped to host night games. This was the first time the Night Series cup had a naming rights sponsor in Golden Fleece petroleum products. North Melbourne won its first night series cup defeating Carlton in the final by 40 points.

## Games

### Round 1

### Semi-finals

### Final

## InfoBox

| 1965 Golden Fleece Cup | |
| --- | --- |
| VFL Night Series Cup | |
| Season | 1965 |
| Teams | 8 |
| Winners | North Melbourne (1st title) |
| Runner up | Carlton |
| Matches played | 7 |
| Attendance | 153,635 (average 21,948 per match) |


title: Escapism Travel Magazine

abstract: Escapism Travel Magazine is a travel magazine based in New York City, United States. Published twice a year, it has 250,000 readers, according to its corporate media kit.

text:
# Escapism Travel Magazine

***Escapism Travel Magazine*** is a travel magazine based in New York City, United States.

Published twice a year, it has 250,000 readers, according to its corporate media kit.

## Content

The magazine emphasizes luxury travel, ecotourism and cultural heritage.

Articles offer information on new, emerging destinations, coastal tourism, food, design, and style.

The magazine is published by *SanMax Publishing*.

## InfoBox

*Escapism Travel Magazine*
| Categories | Travel |
| --- | --- |
| Publisher | Saul Kuperstein |
| First issue | September 1, 2008 (2008-09-01) |
| Company | SanMax Publishing |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Website | www.escapismmagazine.com |


title: 2005 Deutschland Tour

abstract: The 2005 Deutschland Tour was a men's road cycling stage race which took place from 26 to 29 August 2021. It was the 30th edition of the Deutschland Tour and part of the 2005 UCI ProTour.

text:
# 2005 Deutschland Tour

The **2005 Deutschland Tour** was a men's road cycling stage race which took place from 26 to 29 August 2021. It was the 30th edition of the Deutschland Tour and part of the 2005 UCI ProTour.

## Teams

**UCI Pro Tour Teams**

## Schedule

Stage characteristics and winners
| Stage | Date | Route | Distance | Stage winner |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 15 August | Altenburg to Plauen | 170 km (110 mi) | Bram Tankink (NED) |
|  | 16 August | Pegnitz to Bodenmais | 180 km (110 mi) | Filippo Pozzato (ITA) |
|  | 17 August | Bodenmais to Kufstein | 227 km (141 mi) | Daniele Bennati (ITA) |
|  | 18 August | Kufstein to Sölden | 175 km (109 mi) | Levi Leipheimer (USA) |
|  | 19 August | Sölden to Friedrichshafen | 215 km (134 mi) | Daniele Bennati (ITA) |
|  | 20 August | Friedrichshafen to Singen | 175 km (109 mi) | Maxim Iglinskiy (KAZ) |
|  | 21 August | Singen to Feldberg | 173 km (107 mi) | Cadel Evans (AUS) |
|  | 22 August | Ludwigshafen to Weinheim | 30 km (19 mi) | ~~Jan Ullrich (GER)~~ |
|  | 23 August | Bad Kreuznach to Bonn | 170 km (110 mi) | Daniele Bennati (ITA) |
| Total | | | 720 km (450 mi) | |

## Stages

### Stage 1

15 August 2005 – Altenburg to Plauen, 170 km (110 mi)

Stage 1 Result
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Bram Tankink (NED) | Quick-Step–Innergetic | 4h 00' 25" |
| 2 | Juan José Cobo (ESP) | Saunier Duval–Prodir | \+ 48" |
| 3 | Bernhard Eisel (AUT) | Française des Jeux | \+ 51" |

### Stage 2

16 August 2005 – Pegnitz to Bodenmais, 180 km (110 mi)

Stage 2 Result
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Filippo Pozzato (ITA) | Quick-Step–Innergetic | 4h 49' 40" |
| 2 | Jörg Jaksche (GER) | Liberty Seguros–Würth | \+ 0" |
| 3 | Mauricio Ardila (COL) | Davitamon–Lotto | \+ 0" |

### Stage 3

17 August 2005 – Bodenmais to Kufstein 227 km (141 mi)

Stage 3 Result
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Daniele Bennati (ITA) | Lampre–Caffita | 5h 12' 04" |
| 2 | Filippo Pozzato (ITA) | Quick-Step–Innergetic | \+ 0" |
| 3 | Sebastian Siedler (GER) | Team Wiesenhof | \+ 0" |

### Stage 4

18 August 2005 – KufsteinSölden 175 km (109 mi)

Stage 4 Result
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Levi Leipheimer (USA) | Gerolsteiner | 5h 11' 56 |
| 2 | Georg Totschnig (AUT) | Gerolsteiner | \+ 15" |
| ~~3~~ | ~~Jan Ullrich~~ (GER) | ~~T-Mobile Team~~ | ~~\+ 50"~~ |

### Stage 5

19 August 2005 – SöldenFriedrichshafen 215 km (134 mi)

Stage 5 Result
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Daniele Bennati (ITA) | Lampre–Caffita | 4h 48' 02 |
| 2 | Roger Hammond (GBR) | Discovery Channel | \+ 0" |
| 3 | Baden Cooke (AUS) | Française des Jeux | \+ 0" |

### 20-08-2005: Friedrichshafen-Singen, 175 km.

|  | Cyclist | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1** | **Maxim Iglinskiy** | **Domina Vacanze** | **3h 50' 00"** |
| **2** | Jurgen van den Broeck | Discovery Channel | s.t. |
| **3** | Alessandro Ballan | Lampre–Caffita | s.t. |

### 21-08-2005: Singen-Feldberg, 173 km.

|  | Cyclist | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1** | **Cadel Evans** | **Davitamon–Lotto** | **4h 56' 10"** |
| **2** | Fabian Jeker | Saunier Duval–Prodir | \+ 11" |
| **3** | Jörg Jaksche | Liberty Seguros | \+ 11" |

### 22-08-2005: Ludwigshafen-Weinheim, 30 km. (ITT)

|  | Cyclist | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1** | **Jan Ullrich** | **T-Mobile Team** | **36' 56"** |
| **2** | Bobby Julich | Team CSC | \+ 11" |
| **3** | Levi Leipheimer | Gerolsteiner | \+ 54" |

### 23-08-2005: Bad Kreuznach-Bonn, 170 km.

|  | Cyclist | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1** | **Daniele Bennati** | **Lampre–Caffita** | **3h 53' 03"** |
| **2** | Baden Cooke | La Française des Jeux | s.t. |
| **3** | Fabian Cancellara | Fassa Bortolo | s.t. |

## Final classification standings

| Legend | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Denotes the winner of the general classification |  | Denotes the winner of the team classification |
|  | Denotes the winner of the points classification |  | Denotes the winner of the mountains classification |

### General classification

Final general classification (1–10)
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Levi Leipheimer (USA) | Gerolsteiner | 37h 24' 35 |
| ~~2~~ | ~~Jan Ullrich~~ (GER) | ~~T-Mobile Team~~ | ~~\+ 31"~~ |
| 3 | Georg Totschnig (AUT) | Gerolsteiner | +1'23" |
| 4 | Jörg Jaksche (GER) | Liberty Seguros–Würth | +1'29" |
| 5 | Cadel Evans (AUS) | Davitamon–Lotto | +1'53" |
| 6 | Tadej Valjavec (SLO) | Phonak | +3'53" |
| 7 | Fabian Jeker (SUI) | Saunier Duval–Prodir | +4'26" |
| 8 | Marzio Bruseghin (ITA) | Fassa Bortolo | +5'07" |
| 9 | Saul Raisin (USA) | Crédit Agricole | +6'03" |
| 10 | Patrik Sinkewitz (GER) | Quick-Step–Innergetic | +6'30" |

### Mountains classification

Mountains classification (1–10)
| Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Levi Leipheimer (USA) | Gerolsteiner | 25 |
| 2 | Cadel Evans (AUS) | Davitamon–Lotto | 22 |
| 3 | Markus Fothen (GER) | Gerolsteiner | 21 |
| 4 | Jörg Jaksche (GER) | Liberty Seguros–Würth | 16 |
| 5 | Fabian Wegmann (GER) | Gerolsteiner | 15 |
| 6 | Sergio Paulinho (POR) | Liberty Seguros–Würth | 13 |
| 7 | Volodymyr Gustov (UKR) | Fassa Bortolo | 12 |
| 8 | Georg Totschnig (AUT) | Gerolsteiner | 12 |
| 9 | Saul Raisin (USA) | Crédit Agricole | 12 |
| 10 | Dario David Cioni (ITA) | Liquigas–Bianchi | 10 |

### Points classification

Final points classification (1–10)
| Rank | Rider | Team | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Daniele Bennati (ITA) | Lampre–Caffita | 101 |
| 2 | Jörg Jaksche (GER) | Liberty Seguros–Würth | 60 |
| 3 | Levi Leipheimer (USA) | Gerolsteiner | 54 |
| 4 | Cadel Evans (AUS) | Davitamon–Lotto | 53 |
| 5 | Sebastian Siedler (GER) | Team Wiesenhof | 48 |
| 6 | Baden Cooke (AUS) | Française des Jeux | 47 |
| ~~7~~ | ~~Jan Ullrich~~ (GER) | ~~T-Mobile Team~~ | ~~46~~ |
| 8 | Bobby Julich (USA) | Team CSC | 45 |
| 9 | Georg Totschnig (AUT) | Gerolsteiner | 37 |
| 10 | Fabian Cancellara (SUI) | Fassa Bortolo | 36 |

### Team classification

Final team classification (1–10)
| Rank | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Liberty Seguros–Würth | 112h 33' 56" |
| 2 | Gerolsteiner | +3'40" |
| 3 | Davitamon–Lotto | +7'49" |
| 4 | Phonak | +8'30" |
| 5 | Saunier Duval–Prodir | +13'16" |
| 6 | Team CSC | +19'48" |
| 7 | Illes Balears–Caisse d'Epargne | +24'07" |
| 8 | Rabobank | +26'36" |
| 9 | T-Mobile Team | +38'42" |
| 10 | Cofidis | +44'12" |

## InfoBox

2005 Deutschland Tour
| 2005 UCI ProTour | |
| --- | --- |
| Race details | |
| Dates | 15–23 August 2005 |
| Stages | 9 |
| Distance | 1,515 km (941.4 mi) |
| Winning time | 37h 34' 35" |
| Results | |
| Winner  Levi Leipheimer (USA)  (Gerolsteiner)  Second  ~~Jan Ullrich~~ (GER)  (~~T-Mobile Team~~)  Third  Georg Totschnig (AUT)  (Gerolsteiner)   ---  Points  Daniele Bennati (ITA)  (Lampre–Caffita)  Mountains  Jörg Jaksche (GER)  (Liberty Seguros–Würth)  Team Liberty Seguros–Würth | |
|


title: Athénée Adolphe Max

abstract: Athénée Adolphe Max is a secondary school in the City of Brussels which is part of the official education network. It is located to the east of the center of Brussels, near the Squares district.

text:
# Athénée Adolphe Max

**Athénée Adolphe Max** is a secondary school in the City of Brussels which is part of the official education network. It is located to the east of the center of Brussels, near the Squares district.

## History

A first building was designed in 1904 by the architect Edmond De Vigne. In 1909 two secular schools were created. A first Carter high school for girls, later named Carter in homage to the first director, and an athenaeum for boys, later named Athénée Adolphe Max after the famous mayor of Brussels Adolphe Max. In 1978, the two secondary schools merged into a single athénée and adopted the name Athénée Adolphe Max in 1990.

## Description

The Adolphe Max Athenaeum is a school based on the promotion of effort in a respectful setting. The objective of the athénée is to transmit quality training to develop their intellectual and moral skills so that they have the level to approach higher education successfully.

The school has two courtyards:

* the Carter courtyard made up of three floors in which the Athénée Adolphe Max for boys was once located.
* the Max courtyard made up of three floors in which the Athénée Adolphe Max for boys was once located.

The establishment has a parents' association (APMAX) and a very active Amnesty school group.

## Famous alumni

## InfoBox

| Athénée Adolphe Max | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Bd Clovis 40, 1000 Brussels<br>Belgium | |
| Coordinates | 50°50′58″N 4°22′56″E / 50.8494°N 4.3821°E / 50.8494; 4.3821 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public school |
| School district | Brussels-Capital Region |
| Language | French |
| Website | adolphemax.be |


title: Ernie Shepherd (politician)

abstract: Alfred Ernest Shepherd was an Australian politician. He was an Australian Labor Party member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly for the electorates of Sunshine (1945–1955), Ascot Vale (1955–1958), and Footscray (1958). He was Minister for Education in the 1952-55 John Cain government and was leader of the Labor Party and Leader of the Opposition from 1957 until his death the following year.

text:
# Ernie Shepherd (politician)

**Alfred Ernest Shepherd** (6 January 1901 – 12 September 1958) was an Australian politician. He was an Australian Labor Party member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly for the electorates of Sunshine (1945–1955), Ascot Vale (1955–1958), and Footscray (1958). He was Minister for Education in the 1952-55 John Cain government and was leader of the Labor Party and Leader of the Opposition from 1957 until his death the following year.

## Early life and career

Shepherd was born in Bendigo, the son of Bendigo Trades Hall Council president Alfred Shepherd. He was educated at Violet Street State School, but left school at 14 to work for import firm Robert Harper & Co., continuing to study at night at the Bendigo School of Mines. He was a pattern-maker by trade, beginning as an apprentice at the Newport Railway Workshops at 17 and remaining there until his election to parliament in 1945, by which time he had risen to the role of sub-foreman. Shepherd was a City of Footscray councillor from 1943 to 1955 and mayor from 1948 to 1949. He was also founding director of the Footscray District Housing Co-operative Society in 1945 and a municipal representative on the Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital board from 1947 to 1956, serving as board chairman 1952-56.

Shepherd was also a keen sportsman, particularly in Australian rules football and swimming. He played football for the Footscray Football Club and North Melbourne Football Club seconds, was an umpire in the Victorian Football League second division, and was secretary of the Footscray Football Club in 1930 and the Footscray District Football League from 1933 to 1945. In swimming, he was secretary of the Footscray Swimming Club from 1918 to 1930, and a judge and registrar of the Victorian Amateur Swimming Association.

Shepherd was elected unopposed to the new seat of Sunshine at the 1945 election following his narrow victory in a hard-fought Labor preselection. When Labor won government under John Cain in 1952, he was promoted to Minister for Education, but the Cain government lost office in 1955 after only one term amidst the 1955 Labor split. His Sunshine electorate was abolished in a redistribution at the 1955 election, and he switched to the new seat of Ascot Vale.

Shepherd was promoted to deputy leader after Labor's 1955 defeat, at which his predecessor had lost his seat. When Cain died in 1957, Shepherd was elected unopposed as Labor leader and Leader of the Opposition. He shifted to the existing seat of Footscray in 1958 after the Ascot Vale seat was abolished in a redistribution.

## Death

Shepherd died in office in 1958. He had collapsed at the opening ceremony of a youth centre at West Footscray, and was rushed to nearby Footscray Hospital but was dead on arrival. He received a state funeral and was cremated.

## Legacy

Ern Shepherd Reserve in Maidstone, and the Shepherd Bridge, which carries Footscray Road over the Maribyrnong River, are both named for him.

## InfoBox

| The HonourableErnie Shepherd | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Leader of the Opposition of Victoria
Elections: 1958 | |
| **In office**
20 August 1957  12 September 1958 | |
| Premier | Henry Bolte |
| Deputy | Clive Stoneham |
| Preceded by | John Cain Sr. |
| Succeeded by | Clive Stoneham |
| Leader of the Labor Party in Victoria | |
| **In office**
9 August 1957  12 September 1958 | |
| Deputy | Clive Stoneham |
| Preceded by | John Cain Sr. |
| Succeeded by | Clive Stoneham |
| Minister for Education | |
| **In office**
17 December 1952  7 June 1955 | |
| Premier | John Cain Sr. |
| Preceded by | Raymond Tovell |
| Succeeded by | William Leggatt |
| Member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly for Footscray | |
| **In office**
31 May 1958  12 September 1958 | |
| Preceded by | Roy Schintler |
| Succeeded by | Bill Divers |
| Member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly for Ascot Vale | |
| **In office**
28 May 1955  18 April 1958 | |
| Preceded by | *Seat created* |
| Succeeded by | *Seat abolished* |
| Member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly for Sunshine | |
| **In office**
10 November 1945  22 April 1955 | |
| Preceded by | *Seat created* |
| Succeeded by | *Seat abolished* |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Alfred Ernest Shepherd
(1901-01-06)6 January 1901
Bendigo, Victoria, Australia |
| Died | 12 September 1958(1958-09-12) (aged 57)
West Footscray, Victoria, Australia |
| Resting place | Fawkner Crematorium and Memorial Park |
| Political party | Labor Party |
| Spouse | Beatrice Vera Hancock (m. 1926) |
| Children | 2 |
| Occupation | Pattern-maker |
|  | |


title: 1967 Mediterranean Games

abstract: The 1967 Mediterranean Games, officially known as the V Mediterranean Games, and commonly known as Tunis 1967, were the 5th Mediterranean Games. The Games were held in Tunis, Tunisia over 9 days, from 8 to 17 September 1967, where 1,249 athletes from 11 countries participated. For the first time, women took part in the games. There were a total of 93 medal events from 14 different sports.

text:
# 1967 Mediterranean Games

The **1967 Mediterranean Games**, officially known as the **V Mediterranean Games**, and commonly known as **Tunis 1967**, were the 5th Mediterranean Games. The Games were held in Tunis, Tunisia over 9 days, from 8 to 17 September 1967, where 1,249 athletes (1,211 men and 38 women) from 11 countries participated. For the first time, women took part in the games. There were a total of 93 medal events from 14 different sports.

## Participating nations

The following is a list of nations that participated in the 1967 Mediterranean Games:

## Sports

The second Mediterranean Games sports program featured 93 events in 14 sports. The numbers in parentheses represent the number of medal events per sport.

## Medals

*   Host nation (Tunisia)

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Italy | 35 | 26 | 22 | 83 |
| 2 | Yugoslavia | 15 | 16 | 5 | 36 |
| 3 | Spain | 10 | 14 | 27 | 51 |
| 4 | Turkey | 9 | 9 | 6 | 24 |
| 5 | France | 7 | 4 | 4 | 15 |
| 6 | Tunisia* | 5 | 9 | 11 | 25 |
| 7 | Greece | 5 | 6 | 12 | 23 |
| 8 | Morocco | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
| 9 | Lebanon | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 10 | Algeria | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 11 | Libya | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Totals (11 entries) | | 87 | 86 | 97 | 270 |

## InfoBox

V Mediterranean Games
Tunis 1967
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Host city | Tunis, Tunisia |
| Nations | 11 |
| Athletes | 1,249 |
| Events | 93 in 14 sports |
| Opening | 8 September 1967 |
| Closing | 17 September 1967 |
| Opened by | Habib Bourguiba |
| Main venue | Stade El Menzah |
|  | |


title: Atlantic and Western Railway

abstract: The Atlantic and Western Railway is a Class III short-line railroad operating about 10 miles (16 km) of track in Lee County, North Carolina. Atlantic and Western is part of Genesee & Wyoming Inc. and formerly part of Rail Management and Consulting. It was reorganized in 1927 from the Atlantic and Western Railroad.

text:
# Atlantic and Western Railway

The **Atlantic and Western Railway** (reporting mark **ATW**) is a Class III short-line railroad operating about 10 miles (16 km) of track in Lee County, North Carolina. Atlantic and Western is part of Genesee & Wyoming Inc. and formerly part of Rail Management and Consulting. It was reorganized in 1927 from the **Atlantic and Western Railroad**.

## History

Originally the A&W ran between Sanford and Lillington, 25 miles. In 1961, the line was abandoned except for 3 miles from Sanford eastward. In the 1970s, the ATW's fleet of modernized 40-foot boxcars in food lading service were some of the last 40' boxcars in revenue service in the United States. In 2001 the A&W began operating between Sanford and Cumnock over a line that was originally a segment of the Cape Fear and Yadkin Valley Railway and subsequently Southern Railway and Norfolk Southern. In 2011, Norfolk Southern granted the A&W additional rights to serve customers between Cumnock and Brickhaven over the original Norfolk Southern Railway.

## Interchanges

## Further reading

* Robl, Ernest H. (March 1978). "Distance Isn't Everything". *Rail Classics*. Vol. 7, no. 2. pp. 58–67. ISSN 0194-9187.

## InfoBox

Atlantic and Western Railway
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Headquarters | Jacksonville, Florida |
| Reporting mark | ATW |
| Locale | North Carolina |
| Dates of operation | 1896present |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge |


abstract: The 14th Artistic Gymnastics World Championships were held on July 6–10, 1958 in Moscow, the capital of the USSR.

text:
# 1958 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships

The **14th Artistic Gymnastics World Championships** were held on July 6–10, 1958 in Moscow, the capital of the USSR.

## Medallists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Men** | | | |
| Team all-around
 | Soviet Union
Albert Azaryan
Valentin Lipatov
Valentin Muratov
Boris Shakhlin
Pavel Stolbov
Yuri Titov | Japan
Nobuyuki Aihara
Akira Kono
Takashi Ono
Masao Takemoto
Katsumi Terai
Shinsaku Tsukawaki | Czechoslovakia
Jaroslav Bím
Ferdinand Daniš
Pavel Gajdoš
Karel Klečka
Jindřich Mikulec
Josef Škvor |
| Individual all-around
 | Boris Shakhlin | Takashi Ono | Yuri Titov |
| Floor
 | Masao Takemoto | Takashi Ono | Yuri Titov |
| Pommel horse
 | Boris Shakhlin | Pavel Stolbov | Miroslav Cerar |
| Rings
 | Albert Azaryan | Nobuyuki Aihara | Yuri Titov |
| Vault
 | Yuri Titov | Masao Takemoto | Takashi Ono |
| Parallel bars
 | Boris Shakhlin | Takashi Ono | Pavel Stolbov |
| Horizontal bar
 | Boris Shakhlin | Albert Azaryan | Yuri Titov
Masao Takemoto |
| **Women** | | | |
| Team all-around
 | Soviet Union
Polina Astakhova
Raisa Borisova
Lidiya Kalinina
Larisa Latynina
Tamara Manina
Sofia Muratova | Czechoslovakia
Eva Bosáková
Věra Čáslavská
Anna Marejková
Matylda Matoušková
Ludmila Švédová
Adolfína Tkačíková | Romania
Elena Mărgărit
Atanasia Ionescu
Sonia Iovan
Emilia Vătășoiu
Elena Săcălici
Elena Leuşteanu |
| Individual all-around
 | Larisa Latynina | Eva Bosáková | Tamara Manina |
| Vault
 | Larisa Latynina | Sofia Muratova
Lidiya Kalinina
Tamara Manina | *none awarded* |
| Uneven bars
 | Larisa Latynina | Eva Bosáková | Polina Astakhova |
| Balance beam
 | Larisa Latynina | Sofia Muratova | Keiko Tanaka |
| Floor
 | Eva Bosáková | Larisa Latynina | Keiko Tanaka |

## Men's results

### All-around

| Rank | Gymnast | Total |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Boris Shakhlin (URS) | 116.050 |
|  | Takashi Ono (JPN) | 115.600 |
|  | Yuri Titov (URS) | 115.450 |
| 4 | Masao Takemoto (JPN) | 115.300 |
| 5 | Pavel Stolbov (URS) | 114.750 |
| 6 | Nobuyuki Aihara (JPN) | 114.300 |
| 7 | Albert Azaryan (URS) | 114.050 |
| 8 | Valentin Lipatov (URS) | 113.650 |
| 9 | Shinsaku Tsukawaki (JPN) | 112.750 |
| 9 | Akira Kono (JPN) | 112.750 |
| 11 | Valentin Muratov (URS) | 112.500 |
| 12 | Ferdinand Daniš (TCH) | 111.200 |

### Floor exercise

| Rank | Gymnast | Total |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Masao Takemoto (JPN) | 19.550 |
|  | Takashi Ono (JPN) | 19.500 |
|  | Yuri Titov (URS) | 19.400 |
| 4 | Nobuyuki Aihara (JPN) | 19.350 |
| 5 | Pavel Stolbov (URS) | 19.175 |
| 6 | Katsumi Terai (JPN) | 19.125 |

### Pommel horse

| Rank | Gymnast | Total |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Boris Shakhlin (URS) | 19.550 |
|  | Pavel Stolbov (URS) | 19.375 |
|  | Miroslav Cerar (YUG) | 19.350 |
| 4 | Akira Kono (JPN) | 19.125 |
| 5 | Valentin Lipatov (URS) | 19.075 |
| 6 | Albert Azaryan (URS) | 18.950 |

### Rings

| Rank | Gymnast | Total |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Albert Azaryan (URS) | 19.875 |
|  | Nobuyuki Aihara (JPN) | 19.475 |
|  | Yuri Titov (URS) | 19.455 |
| 4 | Shinsaku Tsukawaki (JPN) | 19.350 |
| 5 | Masao Takemoto (JPN) | 19.300 |
| 6 | Takashi Ono (JPN) | 19.175 |

### Vault

| Rank | Gymnast | Total |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Yuri Titov (URS) | 19.350 |
|  | Masao Takemoto (JPN) | 19.150 |
|  | Takashi Ono (JPN) | 19.125 |
| 4 | Nobuyuki Aihara (JPN) | 19.075 |
| 5 | Valentin Lipatov (URS) | 19.050 |
| 6 | Boris Shakhlin (URS) | 19.025 |

### Parallel bars

| Rank | Gymnast | Total |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Boris Shakhlin (URS) | 19.650 |
|  | Takashi Ono (JPN) | 19.500 |
|  | Pavel Stolbov (URS) | 19.425 |
| 4 | Yuri Titov (URS) | 19.325 |
| 5 | Masao Takemoto (JPN) | 19.200 |
| 6 | Valentin Lipatov (URS) | 19.175 |

### Horizontal bar

| Rank | Gymnast | Total |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Boris Shakhlin (URS) | 19.575 |
|  | Albert Azaryan (URS) | 19.350 |
|  | Yuri Titov (URS) | 19.300 |
|  | Masao Takemoto (JPN) | 19.300 |
| 5 | Pavel Stolbov (URS) | 19.200 |
| 6 | Takashi Ono (JPN) | 19.025 |

### Team final

| Rank | Team | Compulsory | Optional | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Soviet Union** | 287.300 | 288.150 | **575.450** |
|  | **Japan** | 284.050 | 288.550 | **572.600** |
|  | **Czechoslovakia** | 273.700 | 275.600 | **549.300** |
| 4 | Finland | 271.100 | 278.050 | **549.150** |
| 5 | Poland | 269.300 | 272.550 | **541.850** |
| 6 | Yugoslavia | 269.250 | 271.800 | **541.050** |
| 7 | United States | 267.150 | 272.700 | **539.850** |
| 8 | West Germany | 267.250 | 271.850 | **539.100** |
| 9 | East Germany | 267.500 | 271.150 | **538.650** |
| 10 | Bulgaria | 265.400 | 271.800 | **537.200** |
| 11 | China | 265.750 | 264.200 | **529.950** |
| 12 | France | 259.000 | 270.550 | **529.550** |
| 13 | Romania | 262.050 | 266.350 | **528.400** |
| 14 | Hungary | 260.500 | 266.400 | **526.900** |
| 15 | South Africa | 216.400 | 236.300 | **452.700** |

## Women's results

### All-around

| Rank | Gymnast | Total |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Larisa Latynina (URS) | 77.464 |
|  | Eva Bosáková (TCH) | 76.332 |
|  | Tamara Manina (URS) | 76.167 |
| 4 | Sofia Muratova (URS) | 75.897 |
| 5 | Keiko Tanaka (JPN) | 75.797 |
| 6 | Lidiya Kalinina (URS) | 75.732 |
| 7 | Polina Astakhova (URS) | 74.996 |
| 8 | Věra Čáslavská (TCH) | 74.197 |
| 9 | Elena Petroșanu (ROU) | 74.097 |
| 9 | Olga Lemhényi-Tass (HUN) | 73.763 |
| 11 | Raisa Borisova (URS) | 73.730 |
| 12 | Ludmila Švédová (TCH) | 73.664 |

### Vault

| Rank | Gymnast | Total |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Larisa Latynina (URS) | 19.233 |
|  | Sofia Muratova (URS) | 19.100 |
|  | Lidiya Kalinina (URS) | 19.100 |
|  | Tamara Manina (URS) | 19.100 |
| 5 | Ann-Sofi Pettersson (SWE) | 18.832 |
| 6 | Elena Teodorescu (ROU) | 18.799 |

### Uneven bars

| Rank | Gymnast | Total |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Larisa Latynina (URS) | 19.499 |
|  | Eva Bosáková (TCH) | 19.300 |
|  | Polina Astakhova (URS) | 19.199 |
| 4 | Raisa Borisova (URS) | 19.133 |
| 5 | Tamara Manina (URS) | 19.066 |
| 6 | Lidiya Kalinina (URS) | 18.966 |

### Balance beam

| Rank | Gymnast | Total |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Larisa Latynina (URS) | 19.399 |
|  | Sofia Muratova (URS) | 19.099 |
|  | Keiko Tanaka (JPN) | 19.066 |
| 4 | Tamara Manina (URS) | 18.999 |
| 5 | Eva Bosáková (TCH) | 18.933 |
| 6 | Lidiya Kalinina (URS) | 18.666 |

### Floor exercise

| Rank | Gymnast | Total |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Eva Bosáková (TCH) | 19.400 |
|  | Larisa Latynina (URS) | 19.333 |
|  | Keiko Tanaka (JPN) | 19.199 |
| 4 | Sofia Muratova (URS) | 19.166 |
| 5 | Tamara Manina (URS) | 19.032 |
| 6 | Lidiya Kalinina (URS) | 19.000 |

### Team final

| Rank | Team | Compulsory | Optional | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Soviet Union** | 190.461 | 191.159 | **381.620** |
|  | **Czechoslovakia** | 183.859 | 187.996 | **371.855** |
|  | **Romania** | 183.659 | 183.361 | **367.020** |
| 4 | Japan | 182.560 | 184.391 | **366.951** |
| 5 | Hungary | 181.527 | 183.860 | **365.387** |
| 6 | Bulgaria | 181.126 | 183.927 | **365.053** |
| 7 | China | 179.527 | 183.896 | **363.423** |
| 8 | Poland | 181.457 | 181.726 | **363.183** |
| 9 | East Germany | 180.262 | 182.795 | **363.057** |
| 10 | France | 178.628 | 180.194 | **358.822** |
| 11 | Sweden | 177.461 | 180.358 | **357.819** |
| 12 | Yugoslavia | 175.459 | 178.728 | **354.187** |
| 13 | Finland | 174.827 | 178.027 | **352.854** |

## Medals

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Soviet Union (URS) | 12 | 7 | 7 | 26 |
| 2 | Japan (JPN) | 1 | 6 | 4 | 11 |
| 3 | Czechoslovakia (TCH) | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
| 4 | Romania (ROU) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Yugoslavia (SFR Yugoslavia) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (5 entries) | | 14 | 16 | 14 | 44 |

## InfoBox

| 1958 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Moscow, USSR |
|