abstract: The 1927–28 UCLA Grizzlies men's ice hockey season was the second season of the program and the first season in which the team was known as UCLA. In the team's inaugural 1926–27 season, the school was known as California Southern Campus.

text:
# 1927–28 UCLA Grizzlies men's ice hockey season

The **1927–28 UCLA Grizzlies men's ice hockey season** was the second season of the program and the first season in which the team was known as UCLA. In the team's inaugural 1926–27 season, the school was known as California Southern Campus.

## Season

Fresh off of their first official season, and an undefeated one no less, UCLA was slated to play their first game against USC. The game was delayed, however, and the team played a familiar opponent to begin their season, Occidental. The team lost its first game in two years and followed that up with a second consecutive defeat, putting them in a poor position right at the start. With so few games on their schedule, UCLA couldn't afford to lose any more and the team recovered with a hard fought win in game 3. The two early losses, and USC's dominance over Occidental, meant that UCLA could only hope for a tie with the Trojans for the crown but that could only happen if the Grizzlies won each of their remaining 3 games.

In the pivotal game with Southern California, the Trojans got out to a 2-goal lead but UCLA was able to tie the game and make it look like they had a chance for a time. Unfortunately the attack from USC was to strong and the Grizzlies surrendered 6 goals, handing the city championship over to the Trojans. After a second loss to Occidental, the team's lineup was changed with Tafe dropping back to defense (where he had played the year before) and Al Johnson jumping up to the forward position. The game was delayed when USC got the date wrong and didn't show up to the game. The Grizzlies could have claimed a win on a forfeit but the team refused to do so. It was rescheduled for a week later but eventually cancelled.

Artemus Lane served as team manager. UCLA used the same colors as University of California Berkeley until 1949.

## Roster

| No. | S/P/C | Player | Class | Pos | Height | Weight | DoB | Hometown | Previous team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | **Chester Englund** | Junior |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **John Ford** | Freshman |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **Alwin W. Johnson** | Junior | / |  |  |  | Minneapolis, Minnesota |  |
|  |  | **G. Johnson** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **Kenneth Frogley** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **Clarence L. Scott** | Freshman |  |  |  |  | Los Angeles, California |  |
|  |  | **Harvey C. Tafe** () | Senior | / |  |  |  | Cleveland, Ohio |  |
|  |  | **Everett Wendell** | Junior |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **Donald Wentzell** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | **Young** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## Standings

|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Intercollegiate | | | | | | |  | Overall | | | | | |
| | GP | W | L | T | Pct. | GF | GA | | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA |
| Marquette | 8 | 6 | 1 | 1 | **.813** | 25 | 12 |  | 14 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 62 | 23 |
| Michigan | 12 | 2 | 9 | 1 | **.208** | 12 | 27 |  | 13 | 2 | 10 | 1 | 12 | 31 |
| Michigan State | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | **.250** | 4 | 14 |  | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 14 |
| Michigan Tech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 |  |  |
| Minnesota | 13 | 9 | 2 | 2 | **.769** | 49 | 15 |  | 13 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 49 | 15 |
| North Dakota Agricultural |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Occidental |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| UCLA | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | **.200** | 10 | 17 |  | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 10 | 17 |
| USC |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Wisconsin | 12 | 3 | 6 | 3 | **.375** | 14 | 27 |  | 16 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 23 | 32 |

## Schedule and Results

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Record |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Regular Season** | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ? | vs. Southwestern* | Big Bear LakeBig Bear Lake, California (Exhibition) | **W** 8–0 |  |
| March 10 | vs. Occidental* | Palais de GlaceLos Angeles, California | **L** 3–4 | 0–1–0 |
| March 17 | vs. USC* | Palais de GlaceLos Angeles, California | **L** 0–2 | 0–2–0 |
| March 21 | vs. Occidental* | Palais de GlaceLos Angeles, California | **W** 3–2 | 1–2–0 |
| March ? | vs. Palais de Glace Club Team* | Palais de GlaceLos Angeles, California (Exhibition) | **W** 6–5 |  |
| April 1 | vs. USC* | Palais de GlaceLos Angeles, California | **L** 3–6 | 1–3–0 |
| April 4 | vs. Occidental* | Palais de GlaceLos Angeles, California | **L** 1–3 | 1–4–0 |
| \*Non-conference game. | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1927–28 UCLA Grizzlies
men's ice hockey season | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Home ice | Palais de Glace |
| Record | |
| Overall | 1–4–0 |
| Neutral | 1–4–0 |
| Coaches and captains | |
| Head coach | Frampton |
| Captain(s) | Harvey Tafe |
| **UCLA Grizzlies men's ice hockey seasons**
« 1926–27 1928–29 » | |


title: Edge Hill, Warwickshire

abstract: Edge Hill is an escarpment and Edgehill a hamlet in the civil parish of Ratley and Upton, Stratford-on-Avon District, southern Warwickshire, England. At Ratley, the escarpment rises to 219 m (719 ft) above sea level and 112 m (367 ft) above nearby Radway, within 300 metres of the Warwickshire border with Oxfordshire. Edge Hill gave its name to the first battle of the English Civil War, in which it was a prominent feature. The hamlet has a public house, an eccentric building of local Hornton Stone called the Castle Inn that was built in the 1740s to the designs of Sanderson Miller (1716–80). It is controlled by the Hook Norton Brewery.

text:
# Edge Hill, Warwickshire

**Edge Hill** is an escarpment and **Edgehill** a hamlet in the civil parish of Ratley and Upton, Stratford-on-Avon District, southern Warwickshire, England. At Ratley, the escarpment rises to 219 m (719 ft) above sea level and 112 m (367 ft) above nearby Radway, within 300 metres of the Warwickshire border with Oxfordshire.

Edge Hill gave its name to the first battle of the English Civil War, in which it was a prominent feature.

The hamlet has a public house, an eccentric building of local Hornton Stone called the Castle Inn that was built in the 1740s to the designs of Sanderson Miller (1716–80). It is controlled by the Hook Norton Brewery.

## Battle

The narrow wood on the scarp of Edge Hill, in the south-east overlooks the lower slope and the plain on which the battle was fought.

The battle of Edge Hill was fought on Sunday 23 October 1642 and was the first major battle in the English Civil War between the Royalist forces of King Charles I and the Parliamentarian army commanded by the Earl of Essex.

The King's army started the day on the plateau above the scarp and Parliament's front line was about 2,200 yards (2,000 m) away. From Edge Hill, the ground drops steeply, levels out, then rises to Battleton Holt and a little beyond it are the Oaks and Graveground Copice. It was across the latter two that Parliament's army was drawn up (grid reference SP346485 to SP367498). The King's forces descended from the escarpment and faced them, extended between the end of the spur at Knowle End and Brixfield Farm (SP349472 to SP376491). The King's army had to descend from the edge of the escarpment if they wished to engage the Parliamentarians in battle, because the escarpment was far too steep for Essex to consider an attack against the Royalist army while it was on the edge. At the time of the battle, there were far fewer trees. The battle was inconclusive, with both sides claiming victory. It would take several more years and many more battles before the Parliamentarians won the war.

In 1643, following reports of ghostly sightings published by a printer Thomas Jackson, the King sent a Royal commission to visit the site, where they claimed to have seen two phantom armies fighting in the sky above them.

## Quarrying

The area around Edge Hill has been quarried extensively for Jurassic ironstone since the 11th century. Later iron ore was quarried and transported on the Edge Hill Light Railway to the Stratford-upon-Avon and Midland Junction Railway near Burton Dassett.

## Sources

Media related to Edge Hill, Stratford-on-Avon at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Edge Hill | |
| --- | --- |
| Castle Inn, the Octagonal Tower | |
| Edge HillLocation within Warwickshire | |
| OS grid reference | SP370470 |
| Civil parish |  |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Banbury |
| Postcode district | OX15 |
| Dialling code | 01295 |
|  | |
| Police | Warwickshire |
| Fire | Warwickshire |
| Ambulance | West Midlands |
|  | |
|


title: Anandashram, Kanhangad

abstract: Anandashram is a spiritual retreat located in Kanhangad, a city and a municipality in Kasaragod district in the Indian state of Kerala. Anandashram was founded by Swami Ramdas and Mother Krishnabai, also called Papa Ramdas and Pujya Mataji, in 1931.

text:
# Anandashram, Kanhangad

**Anandashram** (English translation = "Abode of Bliss") is a spiritual retreat located in Kanhangad, a city and a municipality in Kasaragod district in the Indian state of Kerala. Anandashram was founded by Swami Ramdas and Mother Krishnabai, also called Papa Ramdas and Pujya Mataji, in 1931.

## History

The idea of setting up an ashram or spiritual centre called "Anandashram" seems to have first occurred to Swami Ramdas in Bombay. He had stayed in Kasaragod in North Kerala where he had been, according to his memoirs, "put up in a thatched hut on the Pilikunji Hill." While in Bombay, Swami Ramdas wrote to Anandrao (his brother in Kasaragod) "expressing a wish to have an Ashram in that place on the Pilikunji hill. \[Swami Ramdas\] also suggested that it might be named 'Anandashram.'" A small Ashram consisting of a tiny room and an open veranda was constructed upon the hill, to the south of which flowed the Payashwini river. This Anandashram was inaugurated on 3 June 1928. In a letter dated 14 June 1928, Swami Ramdas describes the Ashram thus: "For about a fortnight last, Ramdas has been occupying the new Ashram, got ready for His child by Sri Ram. It is situated in a jungle, at the foot of hills, near a swift running stream. The place is calm and blissful. Morning and evening, the sweet notes of birds fill the air with thrills of ecstasy. Within the Ashram, hymns are sung, and the chanting of God's names goes on, all day and night. Devotees of God are pouring in numbers. Ramdas is merged in a sea of bliss. The Ashram is named "Anandashram"."

On 7 June 1928, just four days after the establishment of the Ashram in Kasaragod, the young widow Krishnabai arrived in Kasaragod to stay with her sister-in-law. This ashram proved to be the site for the *sadhana* and self-realization of Mother Krishnabai. By 1930, she had left her family and was living permanently in the Ashram. Her presence in the Ashram provoked scandal, causing the Ashram's regular inmates to leave; the number of visitors also dwindled.

In 1931, after Mataji Krishnabai completed her *sadhana* and gained the experience of *nirvikalpa samadhi*, Swami Ramdas and Mataji were forced to abandon the Ashram permanently following a physical attack on Mataji Krishnabai by a pair of strangers. A few days later, while staying in Kanhangad, Swami Ramdas's friends and devotees suggested that a new Ashram be set up near the Manjapati hill in Kanhangad. Swami Ramdas agreed, and the new Ashram, also called 'Anandashram,' was opened on 15 May 1931. The surrounding area, which was called Manjapati before the establishment of the Ashram, is now known as Ramnagar.

The Ashram grew from its tiny initial structure to the present complex of low-rise buildings. Many of the buildings constructed by the Ashram were given away to those who worked in the Ashram or handed over to the Government to run various social welfare schemes and schools. The Ashram provides free food for all visitors, and free accommodation for a limited period of time. There are special buildings for wandering sadhus and sanyasis. The Ashram publishes a journal called *The Vision* as well as a number of books by Swami Ramdas (who was a prolific writer) and others.

## Death and legacy

After the *mahasamadhi* of Swami Ramdas in 1963, Mataji Krishnabai headed Anandashram until her own passing in 1989. Swami Sachidananda, who joined the ashram in 1949, took over the leadership of the Ashram until he died in 2008. Now Swami Muktananda heads the Ashram.

## Purpose of the Ashram

During the inaugural ceremony of the Ashram, Swami Ramdas gave a short speech describing the purpose of the Ashram: "The ideal which the ashram holds before it is universal love and service, based upon a vision of divinity in all beings and creatures of the world. Here every man, woman or child, to whatever denomination, creed, or caste the person may belong, shall have free access. This is a place where every effort will be made to cultivate the spirit of mutual love and service, so that what is realized within its walls may prove as an example for the right conduct of human life in outside world."

## Location

Anandashram is located at a junction on the national highway approximately 5 km from the city of Kanhangad in Kasaragod district, Kerala. Visitors to the Ashram during the early decades of its founding describe a view of the Arabian Sea to the left and a vast valley in front of the Ashram. The views have since been blocked out by the trees that were planted on what had been a barren hill and by the growth of the town of Kanhangad. Around the time of India's independence, visitors speak of an uphill ride in a bullock cart through a sparsely-populated countryside from the Kanhangad railway station to reach Anandashram. Today, the Ashram abuts a busy road with shops and hospitals and is serviced by local and long-distance buses; it takes about 15 minutes by car or auto rikshaw (tuk tuk) to reach the railway station. The nearest airport is in Mangalore, which is two hours away (by road or rail) from the Ashram.

Swami Ramdas believed that at one time the Manjapati hill was covered by a thick forest in which sadhus and sanyasins performed austerities. It was also believed that the hill had been the site of a temple and a tank. Anandashram is close to Nityanandashram, set up by Bhagavan Nityananda of Ganeshpuri, and to Guruvanam, another place of importance in the life of Bhagavan Nityananda.

Swami Ramdas sometimes used "Anandashram" as a metaphor. He once wrote in a letter to a friend: "Ramdas reiterates with a saint who cries out, "Joy - always Joy". But where is this joy? Is it in the Ashram or in the heart of the Ashramite? Or, in the heart of the one, who has tuned himself to the immortal source of joy within oneself? Verily, Anandashram is in your own heart; Anandashram, the blissful expression of God, which is the entire universe, is really within you."

## Transportation

The road on the west has access to NH66 which connects to Mangalore in the north and Calicut in the south. The nearest railway station is Kanhangad on the Mangalore-Palakkad line. There are two airports that are a 2-hour drive from the Ashram: the Mangalore or Mangaluru International Airport which is 86 kilometres from the Ashram and the Kannur International Airport which is 89 kilometres from the Ashram.

## Daily routine

The Ashram is centered around the single activity of chanting the mantra "Om Sri Ram Jai Ram Jai Jai Ram."

During the lifetime of Swami Ramdas, the mantra was chanted throughout the day in the main Bhajan Hall, except for the times when he would engage in discussions with visitors in the Bhajan Hall after lunch and dinner. Devotees used to meditate in Swami Ramdas's room from 5 am to 6 am, after which Swami Ramdas would spend the day with the devotees. Dinner was served at 7.30 pm.

Today the mantra is chanted from 6 am to 6 pm in one of the three *samadhis* or tombs in the Ashram: the *samadhis* of Swami Ramdas, Mataji Krishnabai, and Swami Sachidananda. In the Bhajan hall, in addition to Ramnam, the following are also chanted: Vishnusahasranam, Gurustuti, Hanuman Chalisa, chapters of the Gita by children, "Arunachala Shiva", "Namo Ramanaya" and "Aksharamanamala" (in deference to Sri Ramana Maharshi), "Om Nama Shivaya" and "Hare Rama Hare Krishna." Spaces are also available for silent meditation. The practice of meditating in Swami Ramdas's room in the early hours of the morning continues.

However, visitors are not under any compulsion to participate in these activities. What N.B. Butani, an early devotee of Swami Ramdas and Mother Krishnabai, said of the Ashram in 1946 continues to hold true: "There is only one condition for stay in that Ashram: there is a bell rung four times a day when, wherever you be, whatever you be engaged in you must drop and run to the dining hall for breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea and dinner; for the rest, you may go in for any study you like or for any Sadhana you please." The difference now is that there is no bell for the afternoon tea; instead, tea is carried by Ashram workers all around the Ashram buildings and given to devotees wherever they might have chosen to spend the warm afternoon hours.

## Free food

Anandashram gives free breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner to all devotees who stay in the hostels inside the Ashram and also to all casual visitors. The food is vegetarian and includes plenty of milk products made out of milk from the Ashram cows.

## Inside Anandashram

Standing below the arch one can see the main Ashram building on an elevated hilly spot at a distance of about 250 meters. The path from the arch to the main gate of the Ashram is lined by tall Polyalthia longifolia (or false Asoka) trees that create a dense wall on either side.

**Reception**: As one enters the gate, to the right is the Reception office to welcome visiting devotees, register their names and allot accommodation.

**The Flag**: A few meters from the gate there is a small circular garden and on its southern side stands the flag mast atop which flutters the Ashram insignia with the holy Ram Nam printed on it. The aim of human life is realization of God, for which the easiest way is constant remembrance of God. The flag reminds us of this goal and the act of hoisting the flag symbolizes our commitment to raise ourselves to the higher plane and attain the goal.

On important days, e.g.: Jayanthi and Samadhi days of Papa Ramdas and Pujya Mataji and also on Sannyas day of Papa, a new flag is hoisted amidst chanting of Ram Nam.

**Information Centre**: To the right of the circular garden is a small cottage which is the Information Centre. All new visitors are shown a video giving a general idea about the Ashram and its activities.

**Book Stall**: To the left of the circular garden is the Book Stall, from where visitors can get all the books published by the Ashram.

**Satsang Hall**: Adjacent to the Books Stall is the Satsang Hall, where the reading of the books of Papa Ramdas and other saints is taken up every afternoon between 3:30 p.m. and 4:30 p.m.

**Panchavati**: Going up a few steps from the garden, one comes to the Panchavati. The name signifies five trees planted by Papa Ramdas in 1931. On this level ground of about 60' x 200,' Papa Ramdas (Swami Ramdas) used to conduct Satsang in the mornings and evenings.

**Bhajan Hall**: A few steps ahead is the Ashram Bhajan Hall. Several years ago, Papa Ramdas, sitting on an Asan in the centre of the Bhajan Hall, used to have a direct view right up to the main road.

At the southern end of the Bhajan Hall is a small room. This small room was the "Anandashram" started by Papa Ramdas in 1931. It was here that Papa Ramdas and Mataji lived with a handful of devotees in those early days of the Ashram, and it was the launch pad for their unique mission of Universal Love and Service. This room is now called the shrine.

The relics of Papa Ramdas are preserved in a beautiful silver box, which is placed over a marble platform in the shrine, packed with the holy ashes of Papa Ramdas and Mataji and several books containing Ram Nam written by devotees. On either side of the silver box, marble replicas of Papa's, Mataji's and Swami Satchidananda's holy feet are implanted. Pictures of Papa Ramdas, Mataji and Swami Satchidananda are placed on the wall above the platform. The walls of this room are adorned with pictures of Gurudev (Papa's father and Guru), Papa's photo as a young man of 17, as well as pictures of parents of Papa and Mataji.

The bhajan hall is built around this shrine. The hall is adorned with Papa Ramdas Ramdas's cut-out in the same posture as he used to sit during the bhajan sessions, and flanking it are similar cut-outs of Mataji and Swami Sachidanandaji. On the walls of the bhajan hall one can see pictures of several saints and sages, including those of Jesus Christ, Zoroaster, Guru Nanak, Shirdi Sai Baba, Anandamayi Ma, and Jiddu Krishnamurti.

**Centenary Hall**: To the right of the bhajan hall is the centenary hall. Coinciding with the 100th birthday of Mataji, a new spacious hall for satsang was constructed and christened Mother Krishnabai Centenary Hall on 25 September 2003.

**Samadhi Mandirs**: There are three Samadhi Mandirs – of Papa Ramdas, Pujya Mataji, and Swami Satchidananda. These are situated to the left of the main gate.

The Samadhi mandirs are uniform in design - a 16' x 16' tile-roofed structure, large twin doors on all the four sides and eight windows. The Ram Mantram "Om Sri Ram Jai Ram Jai Jai Ram", in the style written by Papa Ramdas, Mataji and Swamiji, is engraved on the wooden panels above the windows. The windows and doors are carved, the Samadhi platform and the floor are set with white marble, and the ceiling is decorated with carved and painted Ram Nams. A portrait in standing pose of Papa, Mataji and Swamiji adorn the wall just above the southern door of the respective Samadhis.

**Goshala**:

The Ashram has a Goshala (Cow Shed), in the south-east corner of the campus, with over 50 heads of cattle. The milk yield is passed on to the Ashram Bhojan Shala (Canteen) which feeds not only the devotees but also the poor and hungry who happen to come to the Ashram. The Goshala is fitted with ceiling fans to keep the cows cool, and most of the time, recordings of Ramnam by Swami Ramdas and Mother Krishnabai are played. According to one source, in the Goshala one encounters "some of the happiest cows you'll ever see in India."

**Library and Ramnam Bank**: A library in the Ashram provides an opportunity to visiting devotees to gain spiritual knowledge through well over five thousand spiritual and religious books in different languages. Right next to the library is the "Ram Nam Bank", where written repetitions of the phrase "Om Sri Ram Jai Ram Jai Jai Ram" are provided by devotees in notebooks (or any written medium). Ram Nam Likhit Japa was started with a target of 25 crores (1 crore = 10 million units). The goal was to provide a symbolic presentation of the likhit japa note-books to Pujya Mataji on 29 September 1955, on the occasion of the Silver Jubilee Celebration of her renunciation. However the likhit japa continued even after that, though with lesser intensity, and is still continuing. The total likhit japa is over 75 crores, or 750 million repetitions of the phrase "Om Sri Ram Jai Ram Jai Jai Ram". When Vinoba Bhaveji visited the Ashram in the 1950s and saw the Ram Nam Bank, he said, "These are more powerful than atom bombs."

Anandashram was filmed while both founders were alive by Arnaud Desjardins for his 1959 film *Ashrams*.

## InfoBox

Anandashram
| The original building | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Private management |
| Established | 1931 |
| Founders | Swami Ramdas and Mother Krishnabai |
| Address | Anandashram P.O., Kanhangad 671531, Dist. Kasaragod, Kerala, India, Kanhangad, Kerala, India |
| Website | www.anandashram.org |


title: 1916 Cork Senior Hurling Championship

abstract: The 1916 Cork Senior Hurling Championship was the 29th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887. Redmonds were the defending champions. On 15 October 1916, Midleton won the championship following a 4–0 to 3–2 defeat of Shamrocks in the final. This was their second championship title overall and their first title in two championship seasons.

text:
# 1916 Cork Senior Hurling Championship

The **1916 Cork Senior Hurling Championship** was the 29th staging of the Cork Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Cork County Board in 1887.

Redmonds were the defending champions.

On 15 October 1916, Midleton won the championship following a 4–0 to 3–2 defeat of Shamrocks in the final. This was their second championship title overall and their first title in two championship seasons.

## Results

### Final

| 15 October 1916 Final | **Midleton** | **4-00 – 3-02** | **Shamrocks** |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

### Miscellaneous

* Midleton win their first title on the field.
* Shamrocks qualify for their only final to date.

## InfoBox

1916 Cork Senior Hurling Championship
| Champions | Midleton (2nd title)
Jim O'Connell (captain) |
| --- | --- |
| Runners-up | Shamrocks
Ned Flynn (captain) |
| 1915 (Previous) (Next) 1917 | |


title: Edial

abstract: Edial is a hamlet to the east of Burntwood in Staffordshire, England. For population details taken at the 2011 census see Burntwood. Edial Hall School, Edial, is celebrated as the house in which lexicographer, Samuel Johnson, opened an academy in 1736, where he taught and commenced writing the tragedy Irene. Edial House is a Grade II listed house dating from about 1740.

text:
# Edial

**Edial** is a hamlet to the east of Burntwood in Staffordshire, England. For population details taken at the 2011 census see Burntwood.

Edial Hall School, Edial, is celebrated as the house in which lexicographer, Samuel Johnson, opened an academy in 1736, where he taught and commenced writing the tragedy *Irene*.

Edial House is a Grade II listed house dating from about 1740.

## InfoBox

| Edial | |
| --- | --- |
| Edail House Farm | |
| EdialLocation within Staffordshire | |
| Population | (Census 2001) |
| OS grid reference | SK075085 |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | BURNTWOOD |
| Postcode district | WS7 |
| Dialling code | 01543 |
|  | |
| Police | Staffordshire |
| Fire | Staffordshire |
| Ambulance | West Midlands |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Economics of networks

abstract: Economics of networks is a discipline in the fields of economics and network sciences. It is primarily concerned with the understanding of economic phenomena by using network concepts and the tools of network science. Prominent authors in the field include Sanjeev Goyal, Matthew O. Jackson, and Rachel Kranton. This term should not be confused with network economics or network externality.

text:
# Economics of networks

**Economics of networks** is a discipline in the fields of economics and network sciences. It is primarily concerned with the understanding of economic phenomena by using network concepts and the tools of network science. Prominent authors in the field include Sanjeev Goyal, Matthew O. Jackson, and Rachel Kranton.

This term should not be confused with network economics or network externality.

## Models of networked markets

The concept of networks enables a better understanding of the functioning of markets. On the border of network science and market theory, several models have emerged to explain different aspects in markets.

### Exchange theory

Exchange theory explains how economic transactions, trade in favor, communication of information, or other exchanges are affected by the structure of the relationships among the involved participants. The main idea is that the act of exchange is influenced by the agents’ opportunities and their environment. For example, the position of a given agent in the network can endorse them with the power in the auctions and deals they make with their partners.

### Bilateral Trading Models

As part of exchange theory, bilateral trading models consider sellers and buyers. These models use game-theoretic models of bargaining in networks to help predict the behavior of agents depending on the type of network. The outcome of transactions can be determined by, for instance, the number of sellers a buyer is connected to, or vice versa (Corominas-Bosch model). Another case occurs when the agents agree on a transaction through an auction and their decision-making during the auction depends on the link structure. Kranton and Minehart concluded that if markets were considered networks, it would enable sellers to pool uncertainty in demand. Building links is costly, however, due to trade-offs not all links are necessary for the network, resulting in a sparse, efficiency-enhancing network.

### Informal exchange

The study of networks in economics started before the development of network science. Károly Polány, Claude Lévi-Strauss, and Bronislaw Malinowski studied tribes where complicated gift exchange mechanisms constructed networks between groups, such as families or islands. Although modern trade systems differ fundamentally, such systems based on reciprocity can still survive and reciprocity-based or personalized exchange deals persist even when a market would be more efficient. According to Kranton, informal exchange can exist in networks if transactions are more reciprocal than market-based. In this case, market exchange is hard to find and is associated with high search costs, therefore yielding low utility. Personalized exchange agreements ensure the possibility of long-term agreements.

## Scale-free property and economics

Recent studies have tried to examine the deeper connection between socio-economic factors and phenomena and the scale-free property. They found that business networks have scale-free property and that the merger among companies decreases the average separation between firms and increases cliquishness. In another research paper, scientists found that payment flows in an online payment system exhibit free-scale property, high clustering coefficient, and small world phenomenon and that after the September 11 attacks the connectivity of the network reduced and average path length increased. These results were found to be useful in order to understand how to overcome a possible contagion of similar disturbances in payment networks.

## World trade web

World trade is generally highlighted as a typical example of large networks. The interconnectedness of the countries can have both positive and negative externalities. It has been shown that the world trade web exhibits scale-free properties, where the main hub is the United States. Eighteen out of the twenty-one developed countries that were analyzed showed synchronization in economic performance and cycles with the US during 1975-2000. The remaining three countries are exceptions. Austria’s performance correlates highly with that of Germany, while Germany and Japan took differing economic paths after World War II as a result of their unique situations. Despite the embeddedness in the global economy that Germany and Japan experienced, the unusual economic measures following Germany’s unification in 1992 and the Plaza Accord in 1985 (which appreciated the Japanese Yen), resulted in a different economic trajectory compared to the majority of developed countries. The importance of regional economic and political cooperation is also highlighted in the analysis.

## Literature


title: Amphiporus lactifloreus

abstract: Amphiporus lactifloreus is a species of ribbon worm in the phylum Nemertea. It is found on the lower shore, under stones, in shingle and amongst the fronds of seaweed.

text:
# Amphiporus lactifloreus

***Amphiporus lactifloreus*** is a species of ribbon worm in the phylum Nemertea. It is found on the lower shore, under stones, in shingle and amongst the fronds of seaweed.

## Distribution

This worm is found round the coasts of north west Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Maine and Cobscook Bay. It is common round the coasts of Britain and Ireland.

## Description

Like other ribbon worms, *A. lactifloreus* is not divided into segments but is smooth and contractile. It is up to eight centimetres long with a head slightly broader than the body. The eyes are in four groups, two rows on either side of the front of the head and two more central clusters further back. There is a proboscis which can be extended forward from an opening above the mouth and which can be as long as the body and it is armed with a needle-like stylet. The neck is slightly constricted. The body is rounded above and flattened below and has a flattened tail with a rounded end. The general colour is whitish or pale pink and translucent. There are two small deeper pink patches at the back of the head. The gut can be seen as a thread-like, dark coloured, irregular line down the centre of the body.

## Habitat

This worm is locally abundant on fairly clean sandy or gravelly sediments from just below the zone where *Pelvetia canaliculata* grows down to depths of 250 metres. It is also found amongst shell debris, on *Laminaria*, *Fucus* and *Ascophyllum* and, less commonly, in silty or muddy areas. It is fairly tolerant of fluctuating salinity.

## Biology

Movement is performed by small waves of muscular contraction that flow along the body from tail to head. Several waves may occur simultaneously and the worm glides forward slowly and smoothly, the swellings running evenly along the body. It is carnivorous, either sucking the body juices of its prey or swallowing the whole animal. It feeds on protozoans, other small creatures and prey of a size up to its own.

The sexes are distinct and fertilisation is external. Asexual reproduction also occurs by fragmentation. When handled, this worm easily breaks into pieces.

## InfoBox

| *Amphiporus lactifloreus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Nemertea |
| Class: | Hoplonemertea |
| Order: | Monostilifera |
| Family: | Amphiporidae |
| Genus: | *Amphiporus* |
| Species: | ***A. lactifloreus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Amphiporus lactifloreus***<br>(Johnston, 1828) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Amphiporus lacteiflorus* * *Amphiporus laetifloreus* * *Amphiporus loetofloreus* * *Borlasia alba* * *Borlasia mandilla* * *Ditactorrhochma mandilla* * *Gordius albicans* * *Nemertes lactiflorea* * *Nemertes mandilla* * *Planaria lactiflorea* | |


title: Amphiprion latezonatus

abstract: Amphiprion latezonatus, also known as the wide-band anemonefish, is a species of anemonefish found in subtropical waters off the east coast of Australia. Like all anemonefishes, it forms a symbiotic mutualism with sea anemones and is unaffected by the stinging tentacles of its host. It is a sequential hermaphrodite with a strict size-based dominance hierarchy; the female is largest, the breeding male is second largest, and the male nonbreeders get progressively smaller as the hierarchy descends. They exhibit protandry, meaning the breeding male changes to female if the sole breeding female dies, with the largest nonbreeder becoming the breeding male.

text:
# Amphiprion latezonatus

***Amphiprion latezonatus***, also known as the **wide-band anemonefish**, is a species of anemonefish found in subtropical waters off the east coast of Australia. Like all anemonefishes, it forms a symbiotic mutualism with sea anemones and is unaffected by the stinging tentacles of its host. It is a sequential hermaphrodite with a strict size-based dominance hierarchy; the female is largest, the breeding male is second largest, and the male nonbreeders get progressively smaller as the hierarchy descends. They exhibit protandry, meaning the breeding male changes to female if the sole breeding female dies, with the largest nonbreeder becoming the breeding male.

## Description

*A. latezonatus* grows to 14 cm (5+12 in) and is dark brown with three white bars and a broad white margin on the caudal fin. As the common name suggests, the middle bar is very wide, about twice the average width of other anemonefishes and is shaped like a flat-topped pyramid. They have 10 dorsal spines, two anal spines, 15–16 dorsal soft rays, and 13–14 anal soft rays.

### Color variations

*A. latezonatus* often has bright blue markings on the upper lip and the edges of the bars. The dorsal fin may be orange or yellow

### Similar species

The broad midbody bar is distinctive, and *A. latezonatus* is unlikely to be confused with any other anemonefish. The closest in appearance are *A. polymnus* (saddleback anemonefish) and *A. sebae* (sebae anemonefish), but *A. latezonatus* has a broader midband and lacks the characteristic slope of *A. polymnus* or *A. sebae*. Historically, anemonefish have been identified by morphological features and color pattern in the field, while in a laboratory, other features such as scalation of the head, tooth shape, and body proportions are used. These features have been used to group species into complexes, and *A. latezonatus* was considered as part of the saddleback complex with *A. polymnus* and *A. sebae*. Genetic analysis has shown that the saddleback complex is not a monophyletic group and that *A. latezonatus* has a monospecific lineage, and is more closely related to *A. percula* and *Premnas biaculeatus* than to the saddleback group.

## Distribution and habitat

*A. latezonatus* is found in subtropical waters of Australia, from southern Queensland to northern New South Wales, Norfolk Island, and Lord Howe Island.

### Host anemones

The relationship between anemonefish and their host sea anemones is not random and instead is highly nested in structure. *A. latezonatus* is highly specialised with only one species anemone host, *Heteractis crispa* (sebae anemone). *A. latezonatus* has been found in two additional host sea anemone species.

## Conservation status

Anemonefish and their host anemones are found on coral reefs and face similar environmental issues. Like corals, anemone's contain intracellular endosymbionts, zooxanthellae, and can suffer from bleaching due to triggers such as increased water temperature or acidification. Characteristics known to elevate the risk of extinction are small geographic range, small local population, and extreme habitat specialisation. *A. latezonatus* is an endemic species, confined to the subtropical east coast of Australia. The finding of *A. latezonatus* being hosted by two additional sea anemone species may reduce the risk of extinction associated with specialisation. This species was not evaluated in the 2012 release of the IUCN Red List

## In aquaria

*A. latezonatus* has been bred in captivity.

## InfoBox

| *Amphiprion latezonatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Family: | Pomacentridae |
| Genus: | *Amphiprion* |
| Species: | ***A. latezonatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Amphiprion latezonatus***
Waite, 1900 | |
|


title: Amphitecna

abstract:
Amphitecna is a genus of plants in the family Bignoniaceae. Species include:
  - Amphitecna apiculata A.H.Gentry
  - Amphitecna breedlovei A.H.Gentry
  - Amphitecna costata A.H.Gentry
  - Amphitecna donnell-smithii (Sprague) L.O.Williams
  - Amphitecna gentryi W.C.Burger
  - Amphitecna isthmica (A.H.Gentry) A.H.Gentry
  - Amphitecna kennedyi (A.H.Gentry) A.H.Gentry
  - Amphitecna latifolia (Mill.) A.H.Gentry
  - Amphitecna lundellii A.H.Gentry
  - Amphitecna macrophylla (Seem.) Miers ex Baill.
  - Amphitecna molinae L.O.Williams
  - Amphitecna montana L.O.Williams
  - Amphitecna parviflora A.H.Gentry
  - Amphitecna regalis (Linden) A.H.Gentry
  - Amphitecna sessilifolia (Donn.Sm.) L.O.Williams
  - Amphitecna silvicola L.O.Williams
  - Amphitecna spathicalyx (A.H.Gentry) A.H.Gentry
  - Amphitecna steyermarkii (A.H.Gentry) A.H.Gentry
  - Amphitecna tuxtlensis A.H.Gentry

text:
# Amphitecna

***Amphitecna*** is a genus of plants in the family Bignoniaceae.

Species include:

## InfoBox

| *Amphitecna* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Amphitecna macrophylla* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Bignoniaceae |
| *Clade*: | Crescentiina |
| *Clade*: | *Tabebuia* alliance |
| Tribe: | Crescentieae |
| Genus: | *Amphitecna*<br>Miers |
|


title: Edith Guillaume

abstract: Edith Sussanne Antonie Guillaume was a Danish mezzo-soprano who sang for the Danish National Opera and the Royal Danish Opera. She is remembered for performing in several modernist works, including those of Krzysztof Penderecki, Per Nørgård and Ib Nørholm.

text:
# Edith Guillaume

**Edith Sussanne Antonie Guillaume** (Juni 14, 1943 - September 11, 2013) was a Danish mezzo-soprano who sang for the Danish National Opera and the Royal Danish Opera. She is remembered for performing in several modernist works, including those of Krzysztof Penderecki, Per Nørgård and Ib Nørholm.

## Early life and education

Born on 14 June 1943 in Bergerac, France, Edith Sussanne Antoine Guillaume was the daughter of the French architect Hubert Guillaume and his Danish wife, Marie Worm. After her father's death in 1944, her mother married the engineer Julius Wærum who travelled widely. As a result, Guillaume spent her early childhood in France, Peru and Sweden, becoming fluent in several languages. In 1955, the family moved to Denmark where she attended the Lycée Français. When she was 18, she entered the Royal Danish Academy of Music, studying under the tenor Thyge Thygesen.

In June 1966, she married the horticulturalist and tree specialist Niels Edgar Hvass.

## Career

Impressed by her performance at her debut concert, the composer Ib Nørholm offered her a part in his recently composed *Syv tavler til Orfeus*. The work, which toured Europe, created considerable attention. As a result. Guillaume was engaged by the Danish National Opera (*Den Jyske Opera*) where in 1970 she took the title role in Lars Johan Werle's *Drömmen om Thérèse* (Dreaming about Thérèse). It was to be the beginning of a long career with the company where she performed in both classical and modernist works, including the lead in Antonio Bibalo's chamber opera *Frøken Julie* (Miss Julie).

In 1974, she was engaged by the Royal Opera where she performed as lead mezzo-soprano in a wide variety of works, including *Così fan tutte*, *Tancred*, *Der Rosenkavalier*, *The Devils of Loudun*, *Orpheus and Eurydice*, *Dido and Aeneas* and *Carmen*.

Edith Guillaume died on 11 September 2013 and is buried in Gentofte Cemetery.

## Awards

Among Guillaume's many awards include the Tagea Brandt Rejselegat (1977) and her distinction as a Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog (1985).


title: Ancyloxypha arene

abstract: Ancyloxypha arene, the tropical least skipper, is a species of grass skipper in the butterfly family Hesperiidae. It is found in Central America and North America.

text:
# Ancyloxypha arene

***Ancyloxypha arene***, the **tropical least skipper**, is a species of grass skipper in the butterfly family Hesperiidae. It is found in Central America and North America.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Ancyloxypha arene* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Hesperiidae |
| Genus: | *Ancyloxypha* |
| Species: | ***A. arene*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ancyloxypha arene***<br>(W. H. Edwards, 1871) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Apaustus euphrasia*  Plötz, 1884 * *Apaustus isidorus*  (Plötz, 1884) * *Apaustus leporina*  Plötz, 1884 * *Copaeodes myrtis*  W. H. Edwards, 1882 | |


title: Ancyluris formosissima

abstract: Ancyluris formosissima is a butterfly of the family Riodinidae.

text:
# Ancyluris formosissima

***Ancyluris formosissima*** is a butterfly of the family Riodinidae.

## Description

The wingspan of *Ancyluris formosissima* is about 38–45 millimetres (1.5–1.8 in). The upper sides of the forewings are dark brown with a blue-green band, while the base is white and brown. The hind wings are white, pink and brown, with a brilliant blue-green marginal band and a small red area. At the edge of the hind wings there is a short tail. In South America, this butterfly is called a "living treasure" (the Latin name *formosissima* of this species, means “very beautiful”) and it is also called the Italian flag butterfly. It flies in August and September.

## Distribution

This species is present in tropical rainforests forests of South America, mainly in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. The subspecies *Ancyluris formosissima venerabilis* can be found at an elevation up to 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) above sea level.

## Subspecies

* *Ancyluris formosissima formosissima* (Hewitson, 1870) (Ecuador)
* *Ancyluris formosissima venerabilis* Stichel, 1916 (Peru)

## InfoBox

| *Ancyluris formosissima* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Ancyluris formosissima*, male | |
|  | |
| *Ancyluris formosissima venerabilis* from Peru at National Museum (Prague) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Riodinidae |
| Genus: | *Ancyluris* |
| Species: | ***A. formosissima*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ancyluris formosissima***<br>(Hewitson, 1870) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Erycina formosissima* Hewitson, 1870 | |


title: Anas al-Abdah

abstract: Anas al-Abdah or Anas Al-Adbah born 1967) is a Syrian politician who served as President of the Syrian Interim Government from 2019 to 2021.

text:
# Anas al-Abdah

**Anas al-Abdah or Anas Al-Adbah** born 1967) is a Syrian politician who served as President of the Syrian Interim Government from 2019 to 2021.

## Early life

Anas al-Abdah was born in a suburb of Damascus. He later studied geology in the Yarmouk University in Jordan and received a master's degree on geophysics at the Newcastle University in England.

## Political history

In 2006 Anas al-Abdah and other Syrian opposition activists founded the Movement for Justice and Development in Syria in London. In the same year, he joined the Damascus Declaration and became one of its representatives abroad.

After the start of the Syrian Civil War in 2011, he co-founded the Syrian National Council and was elected as the council's secretariat. The council later joined the National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces. Anas al-Abdah became a part of the SNC's delegate at the Geneva II Conference on Syria.

On 5 March 2016, Anas al-Abdah was elected as the president of the National Coalition, succeeding Khaled Khoja.

On 9 November 2016, the National Coalition under Nas al-Abdah sent congratulations to Donald Trump after the latter was elected as the president of the United States. He also called on Frank-Walter Steinmeier to impose economic sanctions on Russia.

On 5 December 2016, Anas al-Abdah, spoke in a press conference in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan, that the Rojava Peshmerga forces based in Iraqi Kurdistan would be a stabilizing factor if they moved to Syria and supported the Free Syrian Army factions backed by the SNC. He said that the offensive the YPG-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) launched last month to retake the city of Raqqa, will lead to sectarian conflicts in the future as YPG and allied groups such as FSA groups are not qualified militarily and civically for retaking Raqqa, only FSA groups supported by the SNC are the qualified force to retake Raqqa.

He resigned from his post on 6 May 2017 and was replaced by Riad Seif.

On 29 June 2019 he was elected as President of the Syrian Interim Government, replacing Abdurrahman Mustafa, whom he appointed as Prime Minister the following day.

## InfoBox

| Anas al-Abdah | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| President of the Syrian Interim Government | |
| **In office**
29 June 2019  12 July 2021 | |
| Prime Minister | Abdurrahman Mustafa |
| Preceded by | Abdurrahman Mustafa |
| Succeeded by | Salem al-Meslet |
| **In office**
5 March 2016  6 May 2017 | |
| Prime Minister | Ahmad Tu'mah |
| Preceded by | Khaled Khoja |
| Succeeded by | Riad Seif |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1967 (age 5657)
Damascus, Syria |
| Political party | Movement for Justice and Development |
| Education | Yarmouk University
Newcastle University |
|  | |


title: Angels of Death (Jennifer Castle album)

abstract: Angels of Death is the third studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Jennifer Castle. It was released on May 18, 2018 under Paradise of Bachelors.

text:
# Angels of Death (Jennifer Castle album)

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 81/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| *Drowned in Sound* | 7/10 |
| *Exclaim!* | 9/10 |
| *Pitchfork* | 7.6/10 |

***Angels of Death*** is the third studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Jennifer Castle. It was released on May 18, 2018 under Paradise of Bachelors.

## Critical reception

*Angels of Death* was met with universal acclaim reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 81, based on 7 reviews.

## Track listing

*Angels of Death* track listing
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Tomorrow's Mourning" | 3:07 |
| 2. | "Crying Shame" | 4:04 |
| 3. | "Texas" | 3:18 |
| 4. | "Angels of Death" | 3:54 |
| 5. | "We Always Change Reprise, Pt. 1" | 1:21 |
| 6. | "Rose Waterfalls" | 3:52 |
| 7. | "Grim Reaper" | 3:07 |
| 8. | "Stars of Milk" | 2:44 |
| 9. | "Tonight the Evening" | 7:34 |
| 10. | "We Always Change Reprise, Pt. 2" | 1:38 |

## InfoBox

| Angels of Death | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Jennifer Castle | |
| Released | May 18, 2018 (2018-05-18) |
| Length | 34:39 |
| Label | Paradise of Bachelors |
| Jennifer Castle chronology | |
| *Pink City*
(2014) ***Angels of Death***
(2018) *Monarch Season*
(2020) | |


title: 1927 Kentucky Derby

abstract: The 1927 Kentucky Derby was the 53rd running of the Kentucky Derby. The race was run on May 14, 1927. Whiskery was the winner after defeating Osmand by a nose in the stretch.

text:
# 1927 Kentucky Derby

The **1927 Kentucky Derby** was the 53rd running of the Kentucky Derby. The race was run on May 14, 1927. Whiskery was the winner after defeating Osmand by a nose in the stretch.

## Payout

The Kentucky Derby Payout Schedule

| Program
Number | Horse Name
 | Win
 | Place
 | Show |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9 | Whiskery | $6.80 | $3.80 | $3.40 |
| 12 | Osmand |  | $6.40 | $5.80 |
| 1 | Jock |  |  | $14.20 |

## Field

| Position | Post | Horse | Jockey | Trainer | Owner | Final Odds | Stake |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 7 | Whiskery | Linus McAtee | Fred Hopkins | Harry Payne Whitney | 2.40 | $51,000 |
| 2 | 10 | Osmand | Earl Sande | Pete Coyne | Joseph E. Widener | 6.90 | $6,000 |
| 3 | 1 | Jock | Chick Lang | John F. Schorr | Edward Beale McLean | 37.80 | $3,000 |
| 4 | 5 | Hydromel | Willie Garner | Daniel E. Stewart | Johnson N. Camden, Jr. | 16.00 | $1,000 |
| 5 | 12 | Bostonian | Whitey Abel | Fred Hopkins | Harry Payne Whitney | 2.40 |  |
| 6 | 4 | Buddy Bauer | Goldie Johnson | Herbert J. Thompson | Edward R. Bradley | 15.40 |  |
| 7 | 2 | Royal Julian | Walter Lilley | Lon Johnson | W. H. Whitehouse | 14.70 |  |
| 8 | 13 | Fred Jr. | Nicholas Burger | Frank A. Stevens | S. W. Grant | 18.30 |  |
| 9 | 15 | Scapa Flow | Frank Coltiletti | Scott P. Harlan | Walter M. Jeffords Sr. | 7.00 |  |
| 10 | 6 | Black Panther | Louis Schaefer | Thomas J. Healey | Walter J. Salmon Sr. | 14.70 |  |
| 11 | 8 | Kiev | Mack Garner | Pete Coyne | Joseph E. Widener | 6.90 |  |
| 12 | 3 | Rolled Stocking | William Pool | Charles C. Van Meter | James W. Parrish | 4.70 |  |
| 13 | 11 | Rip Rap | Steve O'Donnell | Max Hirsch | Sage Stable | 11.60 |  |
| 14 | 9 | Bewithus | Albert Johnson | Herbert J. Thompson | Edward R. Bradley | 15.40 |  |
| 15 | 14 | War Eagle | Eddie Ambrose | John F. Schorr | Edward Beale McLean | 37.80 |  |
|

* Winning Breeder: **Harry Payne Whitney; (KY)**
* Margins – Head
* Time – 2:06
* Track – Slow
* Horses Saxon, My Son, and Mr. Kirkwood were scratched before the race.

## InfoBox

53rd Kentucky Derby
| Kentucky Derby | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Churchill Downs |
| Date | May 14, 1927 (1927-May-14) |
| Winning horse | Whiskery |
| Jockey | Linus McAtee |
| Trainer | Fred Hopkins |
| Owner | Harry Payne Whitney |
| Conditions | Slow |
| Surface | Dirt |
|  | |


title: Aethaloessa

abstract: Aethaloessa is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

text:
# Aethaloessa

***Aethaloessa*** is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Aethaloessa* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Aethaloessa calidalis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Subfamily: | Spilomelinae |
| Genus: | *Aethaloessa*<br>Lederer, 1863 |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Chnaura* Lederer, 1863 * *Athaloessa* Snellen, 1880 | |


title: Ekklesiasterion

abstract: In Ancient Greece, the ekklesiasterion (ἐκκλησιαστήριον) was the meeting place of the popular assembly (ekklesia) in a democratic Greek city-state.

text:
# Ekklesiasterion

In Ancient Greece, the ***ekklesiasterion*** (ἐκκλησιαστήριον) was the meeting place of the popular assembly (*ekklesia*) in a democratic Greek city-state (*polis*, plural *poleis*).

## Venue

In a few *poleis,* the *ekklesiasterion* was a separate building, but in many cases the theater was used for both performances and the meetings of *ekklesia*. In some cases, multiple locations were used. In Athens, the regular meetings of the assembly were held on the Pnyx hill and two annual meetings took place in the Theater of Dionysus. Around 300 BC, all the meetings of the *ekklesia* were moved to the theater. The meetings of the assembly could attract large audiences: 6,000 citizens might have attended in Athens during the fifth century BC. Hansen and Fischer-Hansen argue that theaters were primarily built for performances and that their use by the *ekklesia* was a convenient extra function.

In *poleis* which had a separate *ekklesiasterion,* the building could take a variety of forms. Many consisted of steps built in the slope of a hill, similar to theaters but much smaller. Delos had a roofed building. In Metapontum, it was a circular structure on flat terrain with elevated steps. A walkway intersected through the center, where a podium was placed. It could accommodate 7,500 to 8,000 people in the beginning of the fifth century BC, after it was expanded. Such a circular structure was unusual for its location in Magna Graecia. A circular unroofed building with tiers of seating in Paestum, ancient Poseidonia, has also been identified as an *ekklesiasterion*. This is more likely a *bouleuterion* however, because it could only seat 500 to 600 people in a relatively large city.

## Sources

* Hansen, Mogens Herman; Fischer-Hansen, Tobias (1994). "Political Architecture in Archaic and Classical Greek Poleis". In Whitehead, David (ed.). *From Political Architecture to Stephanus Byzantius: Sources for the Ancient Greek Polis*. Historia: Einzelschriften. Vol. 87. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. pp. 23–90. ISBN 978-3-515-06572-6.
* Horky, Philip Sidney (2007). *Plato's Magnesia and Philosophical Polities in Magna Graecia*. ISBN 978-0-549-23690-0.


title: Edith's Crisis of Faith

abstract: "Edith's Crisis of Faith" is a two-part episode of the U.S. sitcom All in the Family. It aired as the 13th and 14th episodes of season 8, on December 18 and 25 in 1977.

text:
# Edith's Crisis of Faith

**"Edith's Crisis of Faith"** is a two-part episode of the U.S. sitcom *All in the Family*. It aired as the 13th and 14th episodes of season 8, on December 18 and 25 in 1977.

## Production

The episode includes the third and final appearance of Beverly LaSalle (played by Lori Shannon), after "Archie the Hero" (in which Archie Bunker saves her life) and “Beverly Rides Again” (in which she invites the Bunkers out to dinner).

## Plot

Beverly LaSalle, a transvestite and friend of Edith Bunker, is attacked with Mike Stivic a few days before Christmas in an incident of gay bashing. Mike survives the ordeal with only minor injuries, but Beverly is killed. Edith has a crisis of faith and begins to wonder how God would allow people to punish one of his children. She believes that all people are worthy of love and feels a sense of loss and sadness at the tragic event, and doesn't understand it.

## Critical reception and analysis

*Pop Matters* wrote that this episode highlighted the "social stigma against trans persons, an act of injustice emphasized by Edith's inability to understand humanity's rejection of people like her dear friend." *NewNowNext* said in 2016 that the storyline was groundbreaking for 1975 and even by then-current standards. *The Queer Encyclopedia of Film and Television* described the episode as "daring and disturbing". *DVDTalk* noted that while Edith says that while Beverly was killed because of "who she was", the episode is coy about specifying what that is. *The Age of Netflix* argued that by choosing to air both parts of the episode on Christmas night 1977, the episode " massively recalibrates the episode's affective stakes" by forcing viewers to associate the holiday with a time to "(mourn) queer loss".


title: Dôme des Pichères

abstract: Dôme des Pichères is a mountain of Savoie, France. It lies in the Massif de la Vanoise range. It has an elevation of 3,319 metres above sea level.

text:
# Dôme des Pichères

**Dôme des Pichères** is a mountain of Savoie, France. It lies in the Massif de la Vanoise range. It has an elevation of 3,319 metres above sea level.

## InfoBox

| Dôme des Pichères | |
| --- | --- |
| Dôme des PichèresLocation in France | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 3,319 m (10,889 ft) |
| Coordinates | 45°29′30″N 06°47′54″E / 45.49167°N 6.79833°E / 45.49167; 6.79833 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Savoie, France |
| Parent range | Massif de la Vanoise |


title: Askeri

abstract: Under the Ottoman Empire, an askeri was a member of a class of military administrators. This elite class consisted of three main groups: the military, the court officials, and clergy. Though the term askeri itself literally means "of the military", it more broadly encompassed all higher levels of imperial administration. To become a member of this ruling elite, one thus had to hold a political office in the service of the Ottoman Empire, meaning that both Muslims and non-Muslims in those positions could rank as askeri. After Napoleon invaded Ottoman Egypt in 1798, a reform movement in the regime of Sultan Selim III aimed to reduce the numbers of the askeri class, who were the first-class citizens or military class. Sultan Selim III was taken prisoner (1807) and murdered (1808) in the course of Janissary revolts. A subsequent sultan, Mahmud II (r. 1808–1839), was patient but remembered the results of the uprising in 1807. In June 1826 he caused a revolt among the Janissaries, kept them all in their barracks and slaughtered thousands of them. The askeris stood in contrast with the reaya, the tax-paying lower class, and with the kul, or slave class, which included the Janissaries.

text:
# Askeri

Under the Ottoman Empire, an **askeri** (Ottoman Turkish: عسكري) was a member of a class of military administrators.

This elite class consisted of three main groups: the military, the court officials, and clergy. Though the term *askeri* itself literally means "of the military", it more broadly encompassed all higher levels of imperial administration. To become a member of this ruling elite, one thus had to hold a *political* office in the service of the Ottoman Empire, meaning that both Muslims and non-Muslims in those positions could rank as *askeri*.

After Napoleon invaded Ottoman Egypt in 1798, a reform movement in the regime of Sultan Selim III aimed to reduce the numbers of the askeri class, who were the first-class citizens or military class (also called Janissaries).

Sultan Selim III was taken prisoner (1807) and murdered (1808) in the course of Janissary revolts. A subsequent sultan, Mahmud II (r.1808–1839), was patient but remembered the results of the uprising in 1807. In June 1826 he caused a revolt among the Janissaries, kept them all in their barracks and slaughtered thousands of them.

The askeris stood in contrast with the reaya, the tax-paying lower class, and with the kul, or slave class, which included the Janissaries.


title: 1935 Tschammerpokal final

abstract: The 1935 Tschammerpokal Final decided the winner of the 1935 Tschammerpokal, the first season of Germany's knockout football cup competition. It was played on 8 December 1935 at the Rheinstadion in Düsseldorf. 1. FC Nürnberg won the match 2–0 against Schalke 04 to claim the first national cup title.

text:
# 1935 Tschammerpokal final

The **1935 Tschammerpokal Final** decided the winner of the 1935 Tschammerpokal, the first season of Germany's knockout football cup competition. It was played on 8 December 1935 at the Rheinstadion in Düsseldorf. 1. FC Nürnberg won the match 2–0 against Schalke 04 to claim the first national cup title.

## Route to the final

The Tschammerpokal began the final stage with 63 teams in a single-elimination knockout cup competition. There were a total of five rounds leading up to the final. Teams were drawn against each other, and the winner after 90 minutes would advance. If still tied, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a replay would take place at the original away team's stadium. If still level after 90 minutes, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a second replay would take place at the original home team's stadium. If still level after 90 minutes, 30 minutes of extra time was played. If the score was still level, a drawing of lots would decide who would advance to the next round.

*Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away; N: neutral).*

| 1. FC Nürnberg | | Round | Schalke 04 | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Opponent | Result | 1935 Tschammerpokal | Opponent | Result |
| VfB Leipzig (A) | 3–1 | Round 1 | SpVgg Göttingen (A) | 2–1 |
| Ulmer FV (H) | 8–0 | Round 2 | Spielverein Kassel 06 (H) | 8–0 |
| PSV Chemnitz (A) | 3–1 | Round of 16 | Hannover 96 (A) | 6–2 |
| SC Minerva 93 Berlin (H) | 4–1 | Quarter-finals | VfL Benrath (A) | 4–1 |
| Waldhof Mannheim (H) | 1–0 | Semi-finals | Freiburger FC (N) | 6–2 |

## Match

### Details

| 1. FC Nürnberg | 2–0 | Schalke 04 |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Rheinstadion, DüsseldorfAttendance: 60,000Referee: Alfred Birlem (Berlin)

| GK **1**  Georg Köhl  RB   Willi Billmann  LB   Andreas Munkert  RH   Hans Übelein  CH   Heinz Carolin  LH   Richard Oehm  OR   Karl Gußner  IR   Max Eiberger  CF   Georg Friedel  IL   Josef Schmitt ()  OL   Willi Spieß  **Manager:**  Richard Michalke |  | GK **1**  Hermann Mellage  RB   Hans Bornemann  LB   Otto Schweisfurth  RH   Otto Tibulski  CH   Hermann Nattkämper  LH   Rudolf Gellesch  OR   Ernst Kalwitzki  IR   Fritz Szepan  CF   Ernst Poertgen  IL   Ernst Kuzorra ()  OL   Adolf Urban  **Manager:**  Hans Schmidt |
| --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

1935 Tschammerpokal Final
| Event | 1935 Tschammerpokal |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Date | 8 December 1935 (1935-12-08) |
| Venue | Rheinstadion, Düsseldorf |
| Referee | Alfred Birlem (Berlin) |
| Attendance | 60,000 |
|


title: Desaru

abstract: Desaru is a beach resort in Kota Tinggi District, Johor, Malaysia. It is famous for its pristine beach beside the South China Sea, and recently became a popular camping spot.

text:
# Desaru

**Desaru** (Jawi: ديسارو; Chinese: 迪沙鲁) is a beach resort in Kota Tinggi District, Johor, Malaysia. It is famous for its pristine beach beside the South China Sea, and recently became a popular camping spot.

## Economy

Currently, the Johor state government is developing an integrated tourism area which spreads over an area of 1,578 hectares.

## Education

The area has various Malaysian boarding schools including Sekolah Menengah Sains Kota Tinggi, Sekolah Sukan Bandar Penawar and Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Agama Bandar Penawar.

## Shopping

* SKS City Mall opened in 2017.

## Hotels

* Hard Rock Hotel Desaru Coast

* The Westin Desaru Coast Resort

* Anantara Desaru Coast Resort & Villas

* Lotus Desaru Coast

* Amerald Resort Hotel

## Food

* Desaru Coast seafood corner

## Transportation

Car and motorcycle is the fastest way to go to Desaru. The Senai–Desaru Expressway connects Desaru to Senai within 45 minutes. From Kluang to Desaru about 2-3 hours drive. From JB Taman Mount Austin area takes around 30-40 minutes.

As of June 2023, a new ferry terminal has been in operation at Desaru. Operating on five days of each week, it hosts ferry services from Tanah Merah, Singapore. Inclement weather may divert ferry services to Tanjung Pengelih instead.

## Resident areas

1°32′29.6″N 104°16′06.6″E / 1.541556°N 104.268500°E / 1.541556; 104.268500


title: Acropora robusta

abstract: Acropora robusta is a species of acroporid coral found in the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, the southwest and northern Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia, Southeast Asia, Japan, the East China Sea and the oceanic west and central Pacific Ocean. It occurs in tropical shallow reefs, mainly along margins that are exposed to the action of strong waves, and can be found at depths from 1 to 8 metres. It was described by Dana in 1846.

text:
# Acropora robusta

***Acropora robusta*** is a species of acroporid coral found in the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, the southwest and northern Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia, Southeast Asia, Japan, the East China Sea and the oceanic west and central Pacific Ocean. It occurs in tropical shallow reefs, mainly along margins that are exposed to the action of strong waves, and can be found at depths from 1 to 8 metres (3 ft 3 in to 26 ft 3 in). It was described by Dana in 1846.

## Description

It occurs in irregular colonies consisting of thick branches towards the centre, but its outer branches are thinner. Its rasp-like radial corallites can be of a variety of diameters and shapes. The species pink- or yellow-brown, cream, or bright green with branches having pinkish ends.

## Distribution

It is classed as a least concern species on the IUCN Red List, but it is believed that its population is decreasing, and it is listed under Appendix II of CITES. Figures of its population are unknown, but is likely to be threatened by the global reduction of coral reefs, the increase of temperature causing coral bleaching, climate change, human activity, the crown-of-thorns starfish (*Acanthaster planci*) and disease. It occurs in the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, the southwest and northern Indian Ocean, the central Indo-Pacific, Australia, Southeast Asia, Japan, the East China Sea and the oceanic west and central Pacific Ocean. It is found at depths between 1 and 8 metres (3 ft 3 in and 26 ft 3 in) in tropical shallow reefs mostly along margins exposed to the actions of strong waves.

## Taxonomy

It was described as *Madrepora robusta* in 1846 by Dana.

## InfoBox

| *Acropora robusta* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Cnidaria |
| Class: | Hexacorallia |
| Order: | Scleractinia |
| Family: | Acroporidae |
| Genus: | *Acropora* |
| Species: | ***A. robusta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Acropora robusta***
(Dana, 1846) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| List * *Acropora conigera* (Dana, 1846) * *Acropora cuspidata* (Dana, 1846) * *Acropora decipiens* (Brook, 1892) * *Acropora nobilis* (Dana, 1846) * *Acropora pacifica* (Brook, 1891) * *Acropora paxilligera* (Dana, 1846) * *Acropora pinguis* Wells, 1950 * *Acropora ponderosa* Nemenzo, 1967 * *Acropora smithi* (Brook, 1893) * *Heteropora regalis* Ehrenberg, 1834 * *Madrepora ambigua* Brook, 1892 * *Madrepora brooki* Bernard, 1900 * *Madrepora canalis* Quelch, 1886 * *Madrepora conigera* Dana, 1846 * *Madrepora cuspidata* Dana, 1846 * *Madrepora cyclopea* Dana, 1846 * *Madrepora decipiens* Brook, 1892 * *Madrepora nobilis* Dana, 1846 * *Madrepora pacifica* Brook, 1891 * *Madrepora paxilligera* Dana, 1846 * *Madrepora robusta* Dana, 1846 * *Madrepora smithi* Brook, 1893 | |


title: Detergent enzymes

abstract: Detergent enzymes are biological enzymes that are used with detergents. They catalyze the reaction between stains and the water solution, thus aiding stain removal and improving efficiency. Laundry detergent enzymes are the largest application of industrial enzymes. They can be a part of both liquid and powder detergents.

text:
# Detergent enzymes

**Detergent enzymes** are biological enzymes that are used with detergents. They catalyze the reaction between stains and the water solution, thus aiding stain removal and improving efficiency. Laundry detergent enzymes are the largest application of industrial enzymes.

They can be a part of both liquid and powder detergents.

## History

Otto Röhm introduced the use of enzymes in detergent by using trypsin extracted from the tissues of slaughtered animals. Röhm's formula, though more successful than German household cleaning methods, was considered unstable when used with alkali and bleach. In 1959, yields were improved by microbial synthesis of proteases.

## Properties

Laundry enzymes must be able to function normally in a wide array of conditions: water temperatures ranging from 0 to 60 °C; alkaline and acidic environments; solutions with high ionic strength; and the presence of surfactants or oxidizing agents.

## Types

The five classes of enzymes found in laundry detergent include proteases, amylases, lipases, cellulases, and mannanases. They break down proteins (e.g. in blood and egg stains), starch, fats, cellulose (e.g. in vegetable puree), and mannans (e.g. in bean gum stains) respectively.

## Merits

### Household energy savings

For stain removal, conventional household washing machines use heated water, as this increases the solubility of stains. However, heating the water to the required temperature uses a considerable amount of energy; energy usage can be reduced by using detergent enzymes which perform well in cold water, allowing low-temperature washes and removing the need for heated water.

### Delicate materials

Clothes made of delicate materials such as wool and silk can be damaged in high-temperature washes, and jeans and denim can fade due to their dark dyes. Low-temperature washes with detergent enzymes can prevent this damage, meaning that consumers can buy clothes from a wider range of materials without worrying about damaging them during washing.

### Leather manufacturing

The leather industry was historically considered noxious due to the leather-making process. The traditional procedure involved soaking animal hides in a mixture of urine and lime to remove unwanted hairs, flesh and fat, then kneading them in dog or pigeon feces with bare feet. The subsequent discharge and refuse disposal was severely hazardous to both human health and the environment because of the high amounts of concentrated sulfide and chromium in the effluence.

This method was eventually discarded by the industry in the early 20th century following Röhm's discovery, replaced by a more eco-friendly process involving detergent enzymes. Consequently, hazardous sodium sulfide (used to remove animal hair from hides) usage is lessened by 60%, while water usage for soaking and hair cutting is lowered by 25%. Additionally, toxic pollution and emissions have been reduced by 30%. These enzymes have never completely substituted the industrial chemicals. Nevertheless, the working conditions, wastewater quality, and processing times have been greatly improved.

### Replacement for phosphate and synthetic surfactants

Increased legislation has led to a limit on the laundry detergent industry's use of environmentally-unfriendly synthetic surfactants and phosphate salts. In a bid to produce more environmentally-friendly products, several detergent manufacturers have increased their use of enzymes in the production process in combination with lower concentrations of the surfactants and phosphates. These biologically active enzymes include bacteria, yeast, and mushrooms, which produce less chemical pollution and decompose certain toxicants.

## Public concerns

### Damage to delicate materials

In contrast to the benefits of low-temperature washing, a study of the effects of detergent enzymes on untreated knit and woolen fabrics showed damage proportional to both soaking time and the enzyme concentration.

### Skin allergy and testing

Consumers' responses to detergent enzymes have varied. It is reported that some Philippine consumers who are used to laundering by hand slightly suffered from powder detergents, which mainly consisted of laundry enzyme formulations. As a result, it was thought that laundry enzymes have the potential to increase the likelihood of getting occupational type 1 allergic responses. However, a large-scale skin prick test (SPT) containing 15,765 volunteers with 8 different types of detergent enzymes found that the allergy reaction is extremely rare among the public, with only 0.23% showing a reaction. The issue in Filipino consumers is believed to be the rushed hand-laundering method. After various tests with several volunteers worldwide, it is found that exposure to laundry enzymes leads to neither skin allergy (Type I sensitization) nor skin erosion.


title: Detroit, Kansas

abstract: Detroit is a census-designated place (CDP) in Dickinson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 102.

text:
# Detroit, Kansas

**Detroit** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Dickinson County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 102.

## History

The community was named after Detroit, Michigan. In the early years of the county, Detroit was once strongly considered to be the county seat because Abilene was considered to be "too wild" of a town to serve as a center of government. However, Abilene became the county seat and Detroit ceased to grow from that point forward.

A post office was opened in Detroit in 1866, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1961.

Detroit was a station on the Union Pacific Railroad.

## Geography

Detroit is located halfway between Abilene and Chapman, 2 miles (3 km) north of Enterprise. The town is at an elevation of 1,147 feet (350 m) above sea level.

Detroit is a "square" town, two blocks long and two blocks wide. The three north-south streets are Main, Middle, and School. The three east-west streets are First, Second, and Third. There are no more streets in Detroit. All six streets are unpaved.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | 114 |  |  |
| 2020 | 102 |  | −10.5% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

## Economics

At one time Detroit maintained an active store and grocery, a train depot, a nightclub, a school and a church. In recent years most buildings have collapsed or been renovated for use as a dwelling. The one exception is the pub. Although it has changed ownership and its official business name, locals have simply referred to it as "The Midway" or "The Beer Joint". Because of its proximity to the intersection of county roads, it has become a local landmark.

In 1898, a newspaper titled *The Detroit Free Press* attempted to build circulation. Records are not found past the first year of 1898. It does not appear to have any connection to the Detroit Free Press published in Detroit, Michigan.

Agriculture and agriculture-related businesses are the primary economic industries.

The United States Post Office operated a branch in Detroit that opened on April 6, 1866, and ceased operation on June 23, 1961.

## Education

The community is served by Chapman USD 473 public school district.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Detroit, Kansas | |
| --- | --- |
| CDP | |
| Old Detroit school house (2013) | |
| KDOT map of Dickinson County (legend) | |
| DetroitDetroit | |
| Coordinates: 38°56′10″N 97°07′36″W / 38.93611°N 97.12667°W / 38.93611; -97.12667 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kansas |
| County | Dickinson |
| Named for | Detroit |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.34 sq mi (0.89 km2) |
| Land | 0.34 sq mi (0.89 km2) |
| Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,194 ft (364 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 102 |
| Density | 300/sq mi (110/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 785 |
| FIPS code | 20-17875 |
| GNIS ID | 2583498 |


title: Detroit's Most Wanted

abstract: Detroit's Most Wanted is an American hip hop group from Detroit, Michigan. Formed in 1986, the group pioneered Detroit hardcore hip hop. The group was one of the first Detroit rap groups to secure a national record label deal, although they did not achieve national success.

text:
# Detroit's Most Wanted

**Detroit's Most Wanted** is an American hip hop group from Detroit, Michigan. Formed in 1986, the group pioneered Detroit hardcore hip hop. The group was one of the first Detroit rap groups to secure a national record label deal, although they did not achieve national success.

## Formation

Motsi Ski met MC Lee at Cooley High School and DJ Dunkin Hines through a mutual friend. The guys originally hated each other for a little while until they were able to put their differences aside and stop competing with each other for the attention of girls. The trio formed Detroit's Most Wanted in 1986 and were financed by a local drug dealer through the making of their debut album.

## *Tricks Of The Trades* and *Tricks Of The Trade, Vol. II: The Money is Made* (1990-1992)

In 1990, DMW released their debut album *Tricks Of The Trades*. The album was independently released on Motsi Ski's label Bryant Records and the album became a local bestseller, even reaching #83 on the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart. DMW signed to Ichiban Records and secured national distribution through them some time after and released their most successful album to date, Tricks Of The Trade, Vol. II: The Money is Made on April 6, 1992. Like their debut, The album was well received in their hometown of Detroit and reached the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart, peaking at #58. A music video for *The Money Is Made* was made and was able to gain some airplay locally in Detroit and nationwide. The video was shot on location in Atlantic City, New Jersey and was the first rap video to be shot in a casino. At this point, The group began gaining a cult following that went beyond their hometown of Detroit and eventually earned the attention of MC Hammer.

## Break-up, DMW continuing on as a Motsi Ski solo project (1993-1997)

DJ Duncan Hines wanted to rap more on the group's songs but Motsi objected to this idea, thinking that Hines should focus more on being a DJ instead of a rapper, which would cause a rift in the group. Then, MC Hammer began showing interest in the group and wanted to sign them to his record label Bust It Records. However, group leader Motsi Ski turned down the offer citing a disapproval of Hammer's plans for the group which would involve a name change and a toning down of the group's lyrical content. However, this did not stop DJ Hines and MC Lee from accepting the offer and the two left Detroit's Most Wanted to form Ditch Diggers on Hammer's label, Leaving Motsi as the only remaining member left in the group. On March 29, 1993, DMW released its third album and its final one as a group, Many Faces Of Death, Vol. III. The album was not as successful as the previous two albums as it did not chart on any of the Billboard charts but the album still sold pretty well locally in the city of Detroit. It was the final DMW album to be released through Ichiban Records. Now a solo project, Motsi used the DMW name for the fourth album which was called *Bow The F--- Down*. It was released on May 16, 1994. In the album, Motsi dissed his former partners DJ Duncan Hines and MC Lee in a remix to *Legalize It* as retaliation for them leaving taunting messages on his answering machine, and also make fun of them in the album's liner notes by saying: *Special shout out to them hoe niggas for going bootie i got tired of carrying yall hoes anyway bitch ass niggas.* Despite this, the three always respected each other and still managed to keep in contact with each other after the break-up of the group. On November 15, 1994, a compilation entitled *Early Days* was released and it featured songs from DMW's first two albums. The final DMW album, *Ghetto Drama*, was released on January 9, 1996. Throughout the mid-1990s, Motsi began experiencing legal troubles as he was incarcerated on separate occasions for marijuana possession, violating probation, and carrying a firearm as a convicted felon. The DMW name was officially retired after *Ghetto Drama* and Motsi re-surfaced with his own name as a solo artist in the 2000s.

## Reunion, Tricks Of The Trade, Vol. II Anniversary Edition, and recent events (2004-present)

In 2004, Motsi reunited with DJ Dunkin Hines and MC Lee and reformed Detroit's Most Wanted. Shortly after the reunion, the group re-released their most successful album *Tricks Of The Trade Vol. II: The Money Is Made* on December 28, 2004. This re-release, known as the Special Anniversary Edition, featured an updated version of the original album's cover as well as a bonus disc of nine new songs. The group planned to release a new album entitled *Timeless*, but as of 2019, that album has never been released. On June 16, 2011, a new song by DMW entitled "Pay Homage" was uploaded onto YouTube. Today, DMW occasionally performs in their hometown of Detroit. On May 25, 2012, DMW released *Greatest Hits*, which contained 15 of their best-known songs. On November 14, 2012, DMW performed at the Detroit Old School Legends Of Hip Hop reunion party alongside other Detroit rappers such as Awesome Dre, A.W.O.L., Dice, and many others. On March 4, 2014, The group released a second Greatest Hits album entitled *Anthology* which celebrated the group's 25th anniversary and featured 26 of the group's most well-known songs.

## Discography

### Studio albums

### Compilation albums

* 1994: *Early Years*
* 2012: *Greatest Hits*
* 2014: *Anthology*

## InfoBox

| Detroit's Most Wanted | |
| --- | --- |
| Also known as | D.M.W. |
| Origin | Detroit, Michigan |
| Genres | Hardcore hip hop |
| Years active | 1986-1993, 2004-present |
| Labels |  |
|  | |
| Members | Motsi Ski
MC Lee
DJ Dunkin Hines |


abstract: Deterministic Barcoding in Tissue for Spatial Omics Sequencing (DBiT-seq) was developed at Yale University by Rong Fan and colleagues in 2020 to create a multi-omics approach for studying spatial gene expression heterogenicity within a tissue sample. This method can be used for the co-mapping mRNA and protein levels at a near single-cell resolution in fresh or frozen formaldehyde-fixed tissue samples. DBiT-seq utilizes next generation sequencing (NGS) and microfluidics. This method allows for simultaneous spatial transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of a tissue sample. DBiT-seq improves upon previous spatial transcriptomics applications such as High-Definition Spatial Transcriptomics (HDST) and Slide-seq by increasing the number of detectable genes per pixel, increased cellular resolution, and ease of implementation.

text:
# Deterministic Barcoding in Tissue for Spatial Omics Sequencing

**Deterministic Barcoding in Tissue for Spatial Omics Sequencing** (**DBiT-seq**) was developed at Yale University by Rong Fan and colleagues in 2020 to create a multi-omics approach for studying spatial gene expression heterogenicity within a tissue sample. This method can be used for the co-mapping mRNA and protein levels at a near single-cell resolution in fresh or frozen formaldehyde-fixed tissue samples. DBiT-seq utilizes next generation sequencing (NGS) and microfluidics. This method allows for simultaneous spatial transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of a tissue sample. DBiT-seq improves upon previous spatial transcriptomics applications such as High-Definition Spatial Transcriptomics (HDST) and Slide-seq by increasing the number of detectable genes per pixel, increased cellular resolution, and ease of implementation.

## Applications

In multicellular systems the function of each individual cell is impacted by their spatial location and surroundings. Thus, implementation of DBiT-seq to profile both mRNA and protein levels across a tissue in a spatial context could lead to a better understanding of many biological processes. DBiT-seq can be utilized across many different fields such as oncology, developmental biology, and pathology. Use in developmental biology may lead to a better understanding of how organogenesis occurs, and in oncology it may provide more insight into the role of heterogeneity in tumorigenesis and progression.

## Methodology

DBiT-seq uses a microfluidics system to deliver oligonucleotide barcodes in a precisely controlled pattern. The system applies two sets of oligonucleotide barcodes (A1 – A50 and B1 – B50) perpendicularly to produce a grid of unique barcodes across the section labelled A1B1, A1B2 and so on.

### Device preparation

DBiT-seq requires a specially crafted microfluidics device to deliver the barcodes. Microfluidics enables the precise manipulation of fluids on the micron scale. The DBiTseq device is prepared using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) cast in a silicon wafer mold. The device allows the user to deposit the liquid reagents into appropriate channels on a macro scale with no special equipment. These reagents are then drawn by vacuum through the 10, 25, or 50 μm wide channels across the surface of the tissue section.

The other components of the DBiT-seq device are two PDMS reservoirs and an acrylic clamp system to hold the device flush to the tissue.

### Tissue preparation and antibody staining

An advantage of DBiT-seq is the ability to use it on tissue slides preserved with formaldehyde in a process known as tissue fixing, which is incompatible with other spatial omics methodologies. Tissues are frozen, fixed and sectioned into very thin slices which are mounted on glass slides. If information about proteins in the sample is desired, the tissue is first stained with antibody-derived DNA tags (ADTs). ADTs are made up of an antibody conjugated to an oligonucleotide containing a unique barcode sequence and a Poly-A tail sequence. The Poly-A tail will be recognized by the Poly-T sequence on barcode A, enabling it to be associated with a spatial location.

### Barcoding

Following antibody staining (if desired), the first set of 50 barcodes are applied to the tissue sample using the first microfluidics chip. Each 'A' primer contains a unique barcode sequence, a ligation linker, and a poly T sequence. The poly-T sequence binds to the poly-A tail on mRNAs in the tissue sample and on the ADTs applied earlier. Reverse transcription then generates the first cDNA strand containing the barcode and mRNA or antibody tag sequence. Chip B is then applied to the same tissue slide. Chip B will deliver the second set of barcodes perpendicular to the first, creating a grid pattern. Each 'B' oligonucleotide contains a unique barcode sequence, a PCR handle, a ligation linker, and biotin for cDNA purification. The ligation linker sequences are used to ligate barcodes A and B together into a single DNA strand. Finally, a lysis step extracts the cDNA from the tissue into a pooled sample containing all of the barcoded strands.

### Library preparation and sequencing

The cDNA lysate produced in step 3 is purified using streptavidin beads that recognize the biotin on barcode B. The complementary cDNA strand is then synthesized by reverse transcription, followed by PCR amplification and final purification of the library. The library is then sequenced using next-generation (Illumina) sequencing.

### Data analysis

The tissue slide is imaged before, during, and after each barcoding step to enable precise association of spatial information obtained from the barcodes. Associating the barcodes with each mRNA sequence provides a spatial transcriptomics map of the tissue. While this is not a single-cell methodology, the 10 uM channels capture only 1-2 cells per square, generating near-single-cell resolution. The ADT sequences capture spatial proteomic information that can be compared to the transcriptomic data. Specific cell populations can be identified in two ways. First, by matching the transcriptome to previous single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) profiles for each cell type. Second, using spatial differential expression (SpatialDE), a pattern recognition software that can differentiate tissue types without scRNA-seq data.

## Advantages and limitations

### Advantages

DBiT-seq provides an advantage over other spatial-omics techniques by allowing the co-mapping of mRNAs and proteins. This provides both transcriptomic and proteomic data for analysis. The technique can be easily implemented and adapted to researcher's needs and proteins of interest. This method can be used successfully on H&E and immunostained tissue samples, as well as with formaldehyde-fixed tissue samples. The channels used for barcoding can be changed to adjust for resolution requirements from 10 μm, 25 μm, and 50 μm.

### Limitations

The resolution of DBiT-seq does not have single cell resolution, but it is near single cell resolution. The pixel size has a theoretical limit of ~5 μm, which is small enough to allow for single or fraction of a single cell observation but has not been implemented. With the current channel configurations there is a size limitation to mapping area on a tissue, using 10 μm channels this allows for only a 1 mm × 1 mm area of the tissue to be mapped. To overcome this limitation additional barcoding channels could be added to increase area covered.

## Summary

Tissues are made of heterogeneous populations of cells. Understanding how these cells work together and the role of each cell type in the tissue is important in fields such as cancer research and developmental biology. While advances in single cell omics technologies have improved our effort to understand these complex environments, spatial information has been notably lacking. This has been improved by the advent of spatial omics. DBiT-seq provides an accessible method to obtain spatial transcriptomic and proteomic information from fixed or fresh tissue sections. With 10, 25 or 50 μm resolution, DBiT-seq provides near single cell resolution and provides spatial omics data without the need for highly specialized imaging equipment.


title: Deutzia yaeyamensis

abstract: Deutzia yaeyamensis Deutzia yaeyamensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Hydrangeaceae that is endemic to Iriomote in the Yaeyama Islands, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.

text:
# Deutzia yaeyamensis

***Deutzia yaeyamensis*** (ヤエヤマヒメウツギ, *Yaeyama hime-utsugi*) is a species of flowering plant in the family Hydrangeaceae that is endemic to Iriomote in the Yaeyama Islands, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.

## Taxonomy

The species was first described by Japanese botanist Jisaburō Ōi in 1938.

## Description

*Deutzia yaeyamensis* is a deciduous shrub that grows to a height of approximately 1 metre (3 ft 3 in), or to as high as 2 metres (6 ft 7 in). The oval to ovate leaves are finely serrated, while the ovoid winter buds open into clusters of some five to ten flowers, with white petals and dark yellow anthers.

## Distribution

*Deutzia yaeyamensis* is endemic to Iriomote in the Ryūkyū Islands, where it may be found growing in sunny spots on the cliffs that flank the island's rivers.

## Conservation status

*Deutzia yaeyamensis* is classed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and Ministry of the Environment Red List. The species has been designated a National Endangered Species under the 1992 Act on Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, and its collection and/or relocation are prohibited.

## InfoBox

| *Deutzia yaeyamensis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Cornales |
| Family: | Hydrangeaceae |
| Genus: | *Deutzia* |
| Species: | ***D. yaeyamensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Deutzia yaeyamensis***
Ohwi | |
|


title: Deuces Are Wild (concert residency)

abstract: Deuces Are Wild was a concert residency by American hard rock band Aerosmith that lasted from April 2019 until November 2022, with 55 concerts at the Park Theater in Las Vegas, nine concerts at three MGM venues on the East Coast, as well as a July 2019 festival performance in Minnesota, and two performances in New England in September 2022. This marked Aerosmith's first concert residency. The residency originally consisted of 18 Las Vegas concerts scheduled from April through July of 2019, but 17 additional Vegas concerts and the nine East Coast concerts were added due to high demand. An additional 15 shows in 2020 were added due to continued demand. The band announced a six-week European tour would take place during the summer of 2020 following the last of the residency dates. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the band announced on April 14, 2020 that the residency dates would be postponed; the European dates were subsequently cancelled. On March 23, 2022, the band announced new 2022 dates from September through December 2022. The December dates were cancelled as the result of lead singer Steven Tyler checking into rehab. Aerosmith announced the residency at an appearance on NBC's Today show on August 15, 2018. The name of the residency, "Deuces are Wild", was a reference to both Las Vegas casino gambling and their 1994 single of the same name. The show was rendered in Dolby Atmos.

text:
# Deuces Are Wild (concert residency)

**Deuces Are Wild** was a concert residency by American hard rock band Aerosmith that lasted from April 2019 until November 2022, with 55 concerts at the Park Theater in Las Vegas, nine concerts at three MGM venues on the East Coast (three shows at the MGM National Harbor in Maryland, two shows at the Borgata in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and four shows at the MassMutual Center in Massachusetts), as well as a July 2019 festival performance in Minnesota, and two performances in New England in September 2022. This marked Aerosmith's first concert residency. The residency originally consisted of 18 Las Vegas concerts scheduled from April through July of 2019, but 17 additional Vegas concerts and the nine East Coast concerts were added due to high demand. An additional 15 shows in 2020 were added due to continued demand. The band announced a six-week European tour would take place during the summer of 2020 following the last of the residency dates. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the band announced on April 14, 2020 that the residency dates would be postponed; the European dates were subsequently cancelled. On March 23, 2022, the band announced new 2022 dates from September through December 2022. The December dates were cancelled as the result of lead singer Steven Tyler checking into rehab.

Aerosmith announced the residency at an appearance on NBC's *Today* show on August 15, 2018. The name of the residency, "Deuces are Wild", was a reference to both Las Vegas casino gambling and their 1994 single of the same name.

The show was rendered in Dolby Atmos.

## Shows

List of concerts, showing date, city, and venue
| Date | City | Venue |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Leg 1 | | |
| April 6, 2019 | Las Vegas | Park Theater |
| April 8, 2019 | | |
| April 11, 2019 | | |
| April 13, 2019 | | |
| April 16, 2019 | | |
| April 18, 2019 | | |
| April 21, 2019 | | |
| April 23, 2019 | | |
| April 26, 2019 | | |
| Leg 2 | | |
| June 19, 2019 | Las Vegas | Park Theater |
| June 22, 2019 | | |
| June 24, 2019 | | |
| June 27, 2019 | | |
| June 29, 2019 | | |
| July 2, 2019 | | |
| July 4, 2019 | | |
| July 7, 2019 | | |
| July 9, 2019 | | |
| Leg 3 | | |
| August 8, 2019 | Oxen Hill | The Theater at MGM National Harbor |
| August 10, 2019 | | |
| August 13, 2019 | | |
| August 16, 2019 | Atlantic City | Borgata Event Center |
| August 18, 2019 | | |
| August 21, 2019 | Springfield | MassMutual Center |
| August 24, 2019 | | |
| August 26, 2019 | | |
| August 29, 2019 | | |
| Leg 4 | | |
| September 21, 2019 | Las Vegas | Park Theater |
| September 23, 2019 | | |
| September 26, 2019 | | |
| September 28, 2019 | | |
| October 1, 2019 | | |
| October 3, 2019 | | |
| October 6, 2019 | | |
| October 8, 2019 | | |
| Leg 5 | | |
| November 14, 2019 | Las Vegas | Park Theater |
| November 16, 2019 | | |
| November 19, 2019 | | |
| November 21, 2019 | | |
| November 24, 2019 | | |
| November 26, 2019 | | |
| November 29, 2019 | | |
| December 1, 2019 | | |
| December 4, 2019 | | |
| Leg 6 | | |
| January 29, 2020 | Las Vegas | Park Theater |
| January 31, 2020 | | |
| February 3, 2020 | | |
| February 5, 2020 | | |
| February 8, 2020 | | |
| February 10, 2020 | | |
| February 13, 2020 | | |
| February 15, 2020 | | |
| Leg 7 | | |
| September 14, 2022 | Las Vegas | Dolby Live |
| September 17, 2022 | | |
| September 20, 2022 | | |
| September 23, 2022 | | |
| September 26, 2022 | | |
| September 29, 2022 | | |
| October 2, 2022 | | |
| October 5, 2022 | | |
| November 19, 2022 | | |
| November 23, 2022 | | |
| November 26, 2022 | | |
| November 29, 2022 | | |

### Non-residency shows

List of concerts, showing date, city, and venue
| Date | City | Venue |
| --- | --- | --- |
| July 19, 2019 | Shakopee | Canterbury Park<br>(Twin Cities Summer Jam) |
| September 4, 2022 | Bangor | Maine Savings Amphitheater |
| September 8, 2022 | Boston | Fenway Park (50th Anniversary Show) |

Source:

## Personnel

## InfoBox

Deuces Are Wild
| Residency by Aerosmith | |
| --- | --- |
| Location |  |
| Venue |  |
| Start date | April 6, 2019 (2019-04-06) |
| End date | November 29, 2022 (2022-11-29) |
| Legs | 8 |
| No. of shows | 64 (residency only); 67 (including non-residency performances) |
| Aerosmith concert chronology | |