title: Arnved Nedkvitne

abstract: Arnved Nedkvitne is a Norwegian historian of the Middle Ages and Professor Emeritus of mediaeval history. He held the chair of Norwegian mediaeval history at the University of Trondheim from 1991 to 1993 and at the University of Oslo from 1993 to 2009. He is a member of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters, and was elected in 1993. Nedkvitne is regarded as "one of Norway's preeminent commercial historians" and as Norway's foremost mediaeval historian. His research has focused on Norwegian urban history, foreign trade, the economy of coastal communities and pre-modern social organisation. He is the foremost scholar of the relations between the Hanseatic League and Norway; his research has also explored topics such as honour, law and religious ethics in Scandinavia, the social consequences of literacy in the Middle Ages, lay beliefs of mediaeval Scandinavia, and the Norse settlement of Arctic Greenland.

text:
# Arnved Nedkvitne

**Arnved Nedkvitne** (born 21 May 1947) is a Norwegian historian of the Middle Ages and Professor Emeritus of mediaeval history. He held the chair of Norwegian mediaeval history at the University of Trondheim from 1991 to 1993 and at the University of Oslo from 1993 to 2009. He is a member of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters, and was elected in 1993. Nedkvitne is regarded as "one of Norway's preeminent commercial historians" and as Norway's foremost mediaeval historian. His research has focused on Norwegian urban history, foreign trade, the economy of coastal communities and pre-modern social organisation. He is the foremost scholar of the relations between the Hanseatic League and Norway; his research has also explored topics such as honour, law and religious ethics in Scandinavia, the social consequences of literacy in the Middle Ages, lay beliefs of mediaeval Scandinavia, and the Norse settlement of Arctic Greenland.

## Career

Born in Haugesund, Nedkvitne obtained his cand.philol. degree in history at the University of Bergen in 1975 with a dissertation on *Handelssjøfarten mellom England og Norge i høymiddelalderen* (Sea-based trade between England and Norway in the High Middle Ages). He earned his dr. philos. degree in 1983 on the thesis *Utenrikshandelen fra det vestafjelske Norge* (The Foreign Trade of Western Norway). He was employed as a research fellow and senior researcher at the University of Bergen until 1991. He was professor of mediaeval history at the University of Trondheim from 1991 to 1993, and was appointed as professor of mediaeval history at the University of Oslo in 1993.

## Scholarly work

Nedkvitne's research focuses on Norwegian urban history, foreign trade, the economy of coastal communities and pre-modern social organisation. He has written several books, especially on Scandinavia's foreign trade relations in the Middle Ages, on literacy and beliefs in mediaeval Scandinavia and on the Norse settlement of Greenland. A major research focus of Nedkvitne is also relations between the Hanseatic League and Norway.

According to historian Kåre Lunden, Nedkvitne has "authored several major works of Norwegian economic history. In recent years, he has been an important innovator, linked to the 'cultural turn' in the discipline". Ian Peter Grohse notes that "Nedkvitne's extensive work on the history of Norwegian fishing, shipping, and foreign trade has duly affirmed his place as one of Norway's preeminent commercial historians and a leading scholar in the field of Norwegian–Hanseatic relations."

The book *Norse Greenland: Viking Peasants in the Arctic* (Routledge, 2018) discusses how a community of 2000–3000 Viking peasants survived in Arctic Greenland for 430 years (ca. 985–1415), and why they finally disappeared.

## Honours

He was elected as a member of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters in 1993.

## Controversy over academic freedom and dismissal in 2009

In February, 2009, Nedkvitne was dismissed from his position as professor by the university board of the University of Oslo after he had refused to attend a meeting with the dean of the faculty of humanities Trine Syvertsen. This happened in the context of a years-long conflict at his institute involving several professors. A point of contention was the management style of then-institute director Jorunn Bjørgum, who was accused of being "highly authoritarian" by one of Nedkvitne's professor colleagues, and both sides accused each other of harassment.

The case caused concern among other Norwegian professors and academics (including Jan Helge Solbakk, Henning Jakhelln, Bernt Hagtvet, Kristian Gundersen, Unni Wikan, Arne Johan Vetlesen, Anine Kierulf and Jan Fridthjof Bernt) that academic freedom was not respected by the university administration. On March 11, 2009, it became known that Nedkvitne would bring the case to court with support from the Norwegian Association of Researchers.

The case commenced before Oslo City Court in January 2010. Professor Finn Fuglestad testified that Jorunn Bjørgum was a "highly authoritarian" institute director, while Professor Kristine Bruland testified that the institute leadership "systematically harassed emplyees." Bruland's testimony was also supported by Professor John Peter Collett. The city court found that the university was entitled to fire Nedkvitne. Nedkvitne first decided not to appeal to the High Court (Borgarting lagmannsrett) for economic reasons. The court's decision was criticized by several professors. In February 2010, the Board of the Norwegian Association of Researchers decided to support an appeal financially, due to the "principal character" of his case. In March 2011 the High Court's decision upheld the City Court's decision, stating that the University of Oslo was entitled to fire Nedkvitne because he allegedly refused to attend a meeting with Syvertsen.

The University of Oslo offered to give Nedkvitne 2 years pay if he would turn in his resignation.

## Selected publications

* *Utenrikshandelen fra det vestafjelske Norge 1100-1600*, 1983 (dissertation, dr. philos.)
* *"Mens bønderne seilte og jægterne for" : nordnorsk og vestnorsk kystøkonomi 1500-1730*, Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1988
* *Människan och miljön*, 1991 (with Kjell Haarstad and Lars J. Lundgren)
* *Byen under Eikaberg : fra byens oppkomst til 1536*, 1991 (volume one of *Oslo bys historie*, with Per G. Norseng)
    + Re-released in 2000 as *Middelalderbyen ved Bjørvika*, Oslo: Cappelen, 475 pp., ISBN 82-02-19100-9
* *Norwegen und die Hanse : wirtschaftliche und kulturelle Aspekte im europäischen Vergleich*, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1994 (editor, with Volker Henn)
* *Møte med døden i norrøn middelalder*, Oslo: Cappelen, 1997, 151 pp., ISBN 82-456-0202-7, published in Swedish 2004
* *The social consequences of literacy in medieval Scandinavia*, Turnhout: Brepols, 2004, 290 pp., ISBN 2-503-51450-2
* *Lay belief in Norse society 1000-1350*, Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 2009, 401 pp., ISBN 978-87-635-0786-8
* *Ære, lov og religion i Norge gjennom tusen år*, Oslo: Spartacus Forlag, 2011, 444 pp., ISBN 978-82-304-0070-8
* *The German Hansa and Bergen 1100-1600* , Köln: Böhlau, 2014, 785 pp., ISBN 978-3-412-22202-4
* *Norse Greenland: Viking Peasants in the Arctic*, Routledge, 2018, ISBN 978-0815366294

## InfoBox

| Professor DrArnved Nedkvitne | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1947-05-21) May 21, 1947
Haugesund |
| Nationality | Norwegian |
| Alma mater | University of Bergen |
| Awards | Member of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters (1993) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | mediaeval Norwegian history |
| Institutions | University of Trondheim
University of Oslo |
|  | |


title: 1993 European Baseball Championship

abstract: The 1993 European Baseball Championship was held in Stockholm, Sweden between 9–18 July 1993 and was won by the Netherlands. Italy finished as runner-up.

text:
# 1993 European Baseball Championship

The **1993 European Baseball Championship** was held in Stockholm, Sweden between 9–18 July 1993 and was won by the Netherlands. Italy finished as runner-up.

## Standings

| Pos. | Team |
| --- | --- |
| 1 | Netherlands |
| 2 | Italy |
| 3 | Sweden |
| 4 | France |
| 5 | Spain |
| 6 | Belgium |
| 7 | Germany |
| 8 | Russia |


title: 1912 Hong Kong sanitary board election

abstract: The 1912 Hong Kong Sanitary Board election was held on 19 January 1912 for the two unofficial seats in the Sanitary Board of Hong Kong. Only ratepayers who were included in the Special and Common Jury Lists of the years or ratepayers who are exempted from serving on Juries on account of their professional avocations, unofficial members of the Executive or Legislative Council, or categories of profession were entitled to vote at the election.

text:
# 1912 Hong Kong sanitary board election

The **1912 Hong Kong Sanitary Board election** was held on 19 January 1912 for the two unofficial seats in the Sanitary Board of Hong Kong.

Only ratepayers who were included in the Special and Common Jury Lists of the years or ratepayers who are exempted from serving on Juries on account of their professional avocations, unofficial members of the Executive or Legislative Council, or categories of profession were entitled to vote at the election.

## Overview of outcome

Sanitary Board Election 1912
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Nonpartisan** | **Gerard Hall Lloyd Fitzwilliams** | ***Unopposed*** | | |
|  | **Nonpartisan** | **Francis Bulmer Lyon Bowley** | ***Unopposed*** | | |

* Endacott, G. B. *Government and people in Hong Kong, 1841-1962 : a constitutional history* Hong Kong University Press. (1964)
* The Hong Kong Government Gazette
* Twentieth century impressions of Hong Kong, Shanghai, and other Treaty Ports of China. Their history, people, commerce, industries, and resources; editor in chief: Arnold Wright, assistant editor: H.A. Cartwright. Published 1908 by Lloyd's Greater Britain Pub. Co. in London.

## InfoBox

1912 Hong Kong sanitary board election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Gerard H. L. Fitzwilliams** **F. B. L. Bowley**   Party Nonpartisan Nonpartisan  Popular vote ***Uncontested*** ***Uncontested*** | |
| ---  **Members before election**
A. Shelton Hooper
Gerard H. L. Fitzwilliams
 **Elected Members**
Gerard H. L. Fitzwilliams
F. B .L. Bowley
 | |


title: Ensogo

abstract: Ensogo was an Australia-based social commerce website that offered members discounted daily deals on restaurants, hotel accommodations, spa services, beauty treatments, activities and retail products.

text:
# Ensogo

**Ensogo** was an Australia-based social commerce website that offered members discounted daily deals on restaurants, hotel accommodations, spa services, beauty treatments, activities and retail products.

## History

Ensogo started as a legal entity in Thailand in 2009 and soon expanded its operations to Philippines in 2010, then in Indonesia under the name DealKeren. It also operates the following brands:

In June 2011, Ensogo was acquired by LivingSocial. The acquisition extended to Ensogo in Thailand, Philippines as well as Indonesia. LivingSocial sold their South East Asia operation to Patrick Grove's iBuy Group in April 2014, and iBuy Group floated the IPO to Australian Securities Exchange on December 20 of the same year, renaming iBuy to Ensogo and use the ticker **E88**.

On June 21, 2016, Ensogo announced that it will shut down all South East Asia operation (including Hong Kong) and its CEO Kris Marszalek has resigned; it also requests ASX to suspend shares trading. The unprecedented shutdown affected operations in several countries; workers in Singapore found the office was closed, Hong Kong sellers call for police investigation of fraud and certain stores in Thailand rejecting deals purchased by consumers, though the Consumer Protection Board is expected to summon Ensogo executives for remedial issues.

## InfoBox

Ensogo
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type of site | Electronic commerce |
| Available in | English and others |
| Founded | 2009 |
| URL | Ensogo |
| Commercial | Yes |
| Launched | 2010 |
| Current status | Defunct |


title: Arthrostylidium schomburgkii

abstract: Arthrostylidium schomburgkii is a species of Arthrostylidium bamboo in the grass family and subfamily Bambuseae. It is commonly called Curata. the species are native to Central America, the West Indies, northern South America, the Guianas and southern Mexico. It is most noteworthy for the extreme length of its lowest internode; which can be up to sixteen feet in length. This long internode is used by the indigenous people to make excellent blowguns. This internode is exceeded in length only by some populations of Cyperus papyrus. The upper internodes are much shorter; 18 to 24 inches in length.

text:
# Arthrostylidium schomburgkii

***Arthrostylidium schomburgkii*** is a species of *Arthrostylidium* bamboo in the grass family (Gramineae, or Poaceae) and subfamily **Bambuseae**. It is commonly called **Curata**. the species are native to Central America, the West Indies, northern South America, the Guianas and southern Mexico. It is most noteworthy for the extreme length of its lowest internode; which can be up to sixteen feet (five meters) in length. This long internode is used by the indigenous people to make excellent blowguns. This internode is exceeded in length only by some populations of *Cyperus papyrus*. The upper internodes are much shorter; 18 to 24 inches (46 to 61 centimeters) in length.

## InfoBox

| *Arthrostylidium schomburgkii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Genus: | *Arthrostylidium* |
| Species: | ***A. schomburgkii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Arthrostylidium schomburgkii***<br>(Benn.) Munro | |
|


title: Arthrostylidium obtusatum

abstract: Arthrostylidium obtusatum is a species of Arthrostylidium bamboo in the grass family.

text:
# Arthrostylidium obtusatum

***Arthrostylidium obtusatum*** is a species of *Arthrostylidium* bamboo in the grass family.

## InfoBox

| *Arthrostylidium obtusatum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Genus: | *Arthrostylidium* |
| Species: | ***A. obtusatum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Arthrostylidium obtusatum***<br>Pilg. | |
|


title: 1907 Birmingham Tramway accident

abstract: The 1907 Birmingham Tramway accident was a fatal tram accident which occurred on 1 October 1907 in the city of Birmingham, England.

text:
# 1907 Birmingham Tramway accident

The **1907 Birmingham Tramway accident** was a fatal tram accident which occurred on 1 October 1907 in the city of Birmingham, England.

## Events

A tram operated by City of Birmingham Tramways Company Ltd was going downhill on Warstone Lane in the Jewellery Quarter area of the city when its brakes failed and it ran away. At the junction of Warstone Lane and Icknield Street it overturned at high speed and skidded until it stopped on the other side of the street, smashing into the pavement. Two people died and 17 were injured. It is the deadliest tram accident in the area covered by the modern West Midlands county.

The tram's brakes were later found to have been faulty.

## InfoBox

| 1907 Birmingham Tramway accident | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Details | |
| Date | 1 October 1907 (1907-10-01) |
| Location | Birmingham, England |
| Coordinates | 52°29′12″N 1°55′05″W / 52.4866°N 1.9181°W / 52.4866; -1.9181 |
| Country | England |
| Operator | City of Birmingham Tramways Company Ltd |
| Cause | Brake failure |
| Statistics | |
| Trains | 1 |
| Deaths | 2 |
| Injured | 17 |


title: Environmental issues in Paraguay

abstract: Environmental issues in Paraguay include deforestation. Between 1990 and 2000, Paraguay had an average deforestation rate of 1%. The rate increased between 2000 and 2005 to 1.92%. Paraguay also has a growing pollution problem. Many of the country's rivers suffer from toxic dumping. Tanneries are particularly harmful, releasing mercury and chromium into rivers and streams. Runoff from toxic chemicals used by farmers also seeps into Paraguay's waters. In the Chaco, the salination of already arid land makes farming even more difficult. Furthermore, poachers have almost Paraguay had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 6.39/10, ranking it 74th globally out of 172 countries.

text:
# Environmental issues in Paraguay

**Environmental issues in Paraguay** include deforestation.

Between 1990 and 2000, Paraguay had an average deforestation rate of 1%. The rate increased between 2000 and 2005 to 1.92%. Paraguay also has a growing pollution problem. Many of the country's rivers suffer from toxic dumping. Tanneries are particularly harmful, releasing mercury and chromium into rivers and streams. Runoff from toxic chemicals used by farmers also seeps into Paraguay's waters. In the Chaco, the salination of already arid land makes farming even more difficult. Furthermore, poachers have almost Paraguay had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 6.39/10, ranking it 74th globally out of 172 countries.

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. *Country Studies*. Federal Research Division.


abstract: The 1996 Texas House of Representatives elections took place as part of the biennial United States elections. Texas voters elected state representatives in all 150 State House of Representatives districts. The winners of this election served in the 75th Texas Legislature. State representatives serve for two-year terms. Republicans gained five seats from the Democrats, reducing the Democratic majority to 82 out of 150 seats.

text:
# 1996 Texas House of Representatives election

The **1996 Texas House of Representatives elections** took place as part of the biennial United States elections. Texas voters elected state representatives in all 150 State House of Representatives districts. The winners of this election served in the 75th Texas Legislature. State representatives serve for two-year terms. Republicans gained five seats from the Democrats, reducing the Democratic majority to 82 out of 150 seats.

## Background

Democrats had held control of the Texas House of Representatives since Reconstruction. After the 1994 elections, Republican governor George W. Bush appointed Democratic Representative Elton Bomer of the 11th district as the state insurance commissioner. In the ensuing special election, Republican Todd Staples narrowly avoided a runoff, defeating two Democrats to flip the seat. Later in 1995, Representative Warren Chisum of the 88th district switched from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party.

## Redistricting

Democrats had fully controlled the redistricting process in 1991, and Republicans sued over the Texas House's map. The courts partially overhauled the map as a result of these lawsuits. Democrats codified the court's map into law in a January 1992 special session. The 1995 lawsuit *Thomas v. Bush* further altered the maps, as the courts reached a settlement with the legislature to alter the several districts in Harris, Dallas, and Bexar Counties for the 1996 elections.

## Results

Despite having hopes of winning control of the chamber from the Democrats due to Texas's increasing Republican lean, Republicans only flipped five seats.

### Statewide

Summary of the November 5, 1996 Texas House of Representatives election results
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidates | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
|  | Democratic Party | 100 | 2,015,951 | 44.18% | 82 | 5 |
|  | Republican Party | 107 | 2,502,499 | 54.84% | 68 | 5 |
|  | Natural Law Party | 8 | 23,023 | 0.50% | 0 |  |
|  | Libertarian Party | 9 | 20,619 | 0.45% | 0 |  |
|  | Independent | 1 | 673 | 0.01% | 0 |  |
|  | Write-in | 1 | 345 | 0.01% | 0 |  |
| Total | |  | 4,563,110 | 100.00% | 150 |  |

| Popular vote   Republican  54.84%  Democratic  44.18%  Natural Law  0.50%  Libertarian  0.45%  Independent  0.01%  Write-in  0.01% |
| --- |

| House seats won   Democratic  54.67%  Republican  45.33% |
| --- |

### Close races

1. **District 59, 0.04%**
2. **District 9, 1.04% (gain)**
3. **District 60, 1.18% (gain)**
4. **District 32, 2.00% (gain)**
5. **District 138, 2.02%**
6. **District 70, 2.30%**
7. **District 17, 2.62%**
8. **District 54, 5.58% (gain)**
9. **District 4, 5.76%**
10. **District 20, 6.06%**
11. **District 29, 6.88% (tipping-point district)**
12. **District 58, 7.84%**
13. **District 62, 7.88% (gain)**
14. **District 28, 9.76%**

### Results by district

| District | Democratic | | Republican | | Others | | Total | | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| |  | |  | |  | |  | | |
| | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |
| District 1 | 24,728 | 63.77% | 14,050 | 36.23% | - | - | 38,778 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 2 | 26,553 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 26,553 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 3 | 26,303 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 26,303 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 4 | 20,604 | 52.88% | 18,362 | 47.12% | - | - | 38,966 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 5 | 20,972 | 59.49% | 14,279 | 40.51% | - | - | 35,251 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 6 | - | - | 23,440 | 100.00% | - | - | 23,440 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 7 | - | - | 26,351 | 100.00% | - | - | 26,351 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 8 | 26,364 | 61.10% | 16,783 | 38.90% | - | - | 43,147 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 9 | 20,549 | 49.48% | 20,979 | 50.52% | - | - | 41,528 | 100.00% | Republican **gain** |
| District 10 | - | - | 27,012 | 100.00% | - | - | 27,012 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 11 | 15,605 | 43.82% | 20,004 | 56.18% | - | - | 35,609 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 12 | 25,437 | 63.93% | 14,354 | 36.07% | - | - | 39,791 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 13 | 23,370 | 59.45% | 15,942 | 40.55% | - | - | 39,312 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 14 | - | - | 24,402 | 100.00% | - | - | 24,402 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 15 | 15,431 | 31.05% | 34,264 | 68.95% | - | - | 49,695 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 16 | - | - | 32,061 | 100.00% | - | - | 32,061 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 17 | 20,976 | 51.31% | 19,906 | 48.69% | - | - | 40,882 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 18 | 24,483 | 60.15% | 16,223 | 39.85% | - | - | 40,706 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 19 | 26,685 | 68.97% | 12,004 | 31.03% | - | - | 38,689 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 20 | 22,059 | 53.03% | 19,537 | 46.97% | - | - | 41,596 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 21 | 33,377 | 87.59% | - | - | 4,728 | 12.41% | 38,105 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 22 | 25,034 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 25,034 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 23 | 21,582 | 57.74% | 15,796 | 42.26% | - | - | 37,378 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 24 | 25,503 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 25,503 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 25 | 14,315 | 33.06% | 28,981 | 66.94% | - | - | 43,296 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 26 | - | - | 41,931 | 86.06% | 6,790 | 13.94% | 48,721 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 27 | 20,503 | 60.46% | 13,411 | 39.54% | - | - | 33,914 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 28 | 22,078 | 54.88% | 18,154 | 45.12% | - | - | 40,232 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 29 | 17,041 | 53.44% | 14,850 | 46.56% | - | - | 31,891 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 30 | - | - | 25,894 | 100.00% | - | - | 25,894 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 31 | 25,296 | 70.52% | 10,577 | 29.48% | - | - | 35,873 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 32 | 21,818 | 49.00% | 22,704 | 51.00% | - | - | 44,522 | 100.00% | Republican **gain** |
| District 33 | 24,800 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 24,800 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 34 | 22,924 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 22,924 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 35 | 22,859 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 22,859 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 36 | 14,009 | 61.32% | 8,835 | 38.68% | - | - | 22,844 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 37 | 13,034 | 69.43% | 5,740 | 30.57% | - | - | 18,774 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 38 | 15,529 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 15,529 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 39 | 14,768 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 14,768 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 40 | 15,816 | 71.28% | 6,371 | 28.72% | - | - | 22,187 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 41 | 15,112 | 66.35% | 7,664 | 33.65% | - | - | 22,776 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 42 | 19,019 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 19,019 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 43 | 24,766 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 24,766 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 44 | 26,492 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 26,492 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 45 | - | - | 37,524 | 88.69% | 4,784 | 11.31% | 42,308 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 46 | 20,856 | 56.37% | 16,140 | 43.63% | - | - | 36,996 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 47 | 22,106 | 29.34% | 51,953 | 68.95% | 1,287 | 1.71% | 75,346 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 48 | 34,850 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 34,850 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 49 | 28,137 | 63.18% | 16,399 | 36.82% | - | - | 44,536 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 50 | 27,240 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 27,240 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 51 | 21,300 | 71.80% | 7,113 | 23.98% | 1,254 | 4.23% | 29,667 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 52 | 19,809 | 38.42% | 31,752 | 61.58% | - | - | 51,561 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 53 | 15,515 | 27.29% | 41,347 | 72.71% | - | - | 56,862 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 54 | 15,757 | 47.21% | 17,620 | 52.79% | - | - | 33,377 | 100.00% | Republican **gain** |
| District 55 | - | - | 22,829 | 100.00% | - | - | 22,829 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 56 | - | - | 29,981 | 100.00% | - | - | 29,981 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 57 | 18,245 | 58.58% | 12,901 | 41.42% | - | - | 31,146 | 100.00% | Democratic **gain** |
| District 58 | 18,364 | 46.08% | 21,487 | 53.92% | - | - | 39,851 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 59 | 15,399 | 49.60% | 15,387 | 49.56% | 263 | 0.85% | 31,049 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 60 | 21,409 | 49.41% | 21,922 | 50.59% | - | - | 43,331 | 100.00% | Republican **gain** |
| District 61 | - | - | 32,821 | 100.00% | - | - | 32,821 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 62 | 18,718 | 46.06% | 21,920 | 53.94% | - | - | 40,638 | 100.00% | Republican **gain** |
| District 63 | - | - | 36,418 | 100.00% | - | - | 36,418 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 64 | - | - | 36,830 | 100.00% | - | - | 36,830 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 65 | - | - | 28,495 | 100.00% | - | - | 28,495 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 66 | - | - | 48,127 | 100.00% | - | - | 48,127 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 67 | - | - | 33,026 | 100.00% | - | - | 33,026 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 68 | 26,245 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 26,245 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 69 | 25,912 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 25,912 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 70 | 17,834 | 51.15% | 17,035 | 48.85% | - | - | 34,869 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 71 | - | - | 30,683 | 100.00% | - | - | 30,683 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 72 | 28,102 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 28,102 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 73 | 29,711 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 29,711 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 74 | 22,994 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 22,994 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 75 | 15,895 | 68.21% | 7,409 | 31.79% | - | - | 23,304 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 76 | 22,848 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 22,848 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 77 | 16,839 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 16,839 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 78 | - | - | 26,860 | 100.00% | - | - | 26,860 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 79 | 18,723 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 18,723 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 80 | - | - | 21,169 | 100.00% | - | - | 21,169 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 81 | - | - | 23,967 | 100.00% | - | - | 23,967 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 82 | - | - | 30,771 | 100.00% | - | - | 30,771 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 83 | - | - | 18,119 | 83.00% | 3,711 | 17.00% | 21,830 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 84 | 19,158 | 42.07% | 26,385 | 57.93% | - | - | 45,543 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 85 | 20,813 | 64.58% | 11,417 | 35.42% | - | - | 32,230 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 86 | - | - | 38,216 | 100.00% | - | - | 38,216 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 87 | - | - | 23,050 | 100.00% | - | - | 23,050 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 88 | - | - | 32,115 | 100.00% | - | - | 32,115 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 89 | 15,643 | 44.87% | 19,218 | 55.13% | - | - | 34,861 | 100.00% | Republican **gain** |
| District 90 | 16,015 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 16,015 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 91 | - | - | 29,998 | 100.00% | - | - | 29,998 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 92 | - | - | 30,953 | 100.00% | - | - | 30,953 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 93 | - | - | 21,064 | 100.00% | - | - | 21,064 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 94 | - | - | 32,685 | 88.73% | 4,150 | 11.27% | 36,835 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 95 | 26,796 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 26,796 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 96 | - | - | 32,553 | 100.00% | - | - | 32,553 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 97 | - | - | 38,701 | 100.00% | - | - | 38,701 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 98 | - | - | 38,901 | 100.00% | - | - | 38,901 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 99 | - | - | 32,764 | 100.00% | - | - | 32,764 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 100 | 17,296 | 68.58% | 7,392 | 29.31% | 532 | 2.11% | 25,220 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 101 | - | - | 24,153 | 100.00% | - | - | 24,153 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 102 | - | - | 28,269 | 100.00% | - | - | 28,269 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 103 | 13,340 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 13,340 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 104 | 10,086 | 72.35% | 3,854 | 27.65% | - | - | 13,940 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 105 | 14,305 | 61.81% | 8,167 | 35.29% | 673 | 2.91% | 23,145 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 106 | 13,001 | 40.92% | 18,774 | 59.08% | - | - | 31,775 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 107 | 16,238 | 58.06% | 10,795 | 38.60% | 933 | 3.34% | 27,966 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 108 | 12,282 | 24.27% | 37,357 | 73.81% | 972 | 1.92% | 50,611 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 109 | 23,589 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 23,589 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 110 | 26,899 | 92.91% | - | - | 2,053 | 7.09% | 28,952 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 111 | 24,761 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 24,761 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 112 | - | - | 28,493 | 100.00% | - | - | 28,493 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 113 | - | - | 27,414 | 100.00% | - | - | 27,414 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 114 | - | - | 31,172 | 88.34% | 4,116 | 11.66% | 35,288 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 115 | 18,276 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 18,276 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 116 | 17,858 | 70.15% | 7,598 | 29.85% | - | - | 25,456 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 117 | 15,313 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 15,313 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 118 | 18,294 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 18,294 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 119 | 20,556 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 20,556 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 120 | 19,393 | 98.25% | - | - | 345 | 1.75% | 19,738 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 121 | 14,359 | 33.77% | 28,161 | 66.23% | - | - | 42,520 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 122 | - | - | 40,113 | 100.00% | - | - | 40,113 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 123 | - | - | 36,908 | 100.00% | - | - | 36,908 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 124 | 22,083 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 22,083 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 125 | 17,734 | 61.12% | 11,282 | 38.88% | - | - | 29,016 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 126 | - | - | 38,398 | 100.00% | - | - | 38,398 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 127 | - | - | 32,464 | 100.00% | - | - | 32,464 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 128 | 15,989 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 15,989 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 129 | - | - | 35,097 | 100.00% | - | - | 35,097 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 130 | - | - | 40,078 | 100.00% | - | - | 40,078 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 131 | 22,492 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 22,492 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 132 | 24,242 | 63.88% | 13,705 | 36.12% | - | - | 37,947 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 133 | - | - | 34,615 | 100.00% | - | - | 34,615 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 134 | - | - | 22,048 | 100.00% | - | - | 22,048 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 135 | - | - | 32,580 | 100.00% | - | - | 32,580 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 136 | - | - | 36,205 | 92.42% | 2,969 | 7.58% | 39,174 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 137 | 17,868 | 64.73% | 9,737 | 35.27% | - | - | 27,605 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 138 | 14,548 | 51.01% | 13,971 | 48.99% | - | - | 28,519 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 139 | 17,194 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 17,194 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 140 | 12,153 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 12,153 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 141 | 23,187 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 23,187 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 142 | 21,397 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 21,397 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 143 | 13,255 | 72.16% | 5,113 | 27.84% | - | - | 18,368 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 144 | 10,860 | 36.17% | 18,372 | 61.19% | 794 | 2.64% | 30,026 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 145 | 11,186 | 70.86% | 4,601 | 29.14% | - | - | 15,787 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 146 | 24,817 | 72.98% | 9,189 | 27.02% | - | - | 34,006 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 147 | 19,425 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 19,425 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 148 | 14,648 | 100.00% | - | - | - | - | 14,648 | 100.00% | Democratic hold |
| District 149 | - | - | 19,119 | 81.62% | 4,306 | 18.38% | 23,425 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| District 150 | - | - | 30,419 | 100.00% | - | - | 30,419 | 100.00% | Republican hold |
| Total | 2,015,951 | 44.18% | 2,502,499 | 54,84% | 44,660 | 0.98% | 4,563,110 | 100.00% |  |

## InfoBox

1996 Texas House of Representatives election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  All 150 seats in the Texas House of Representatives
76 seats needed for a majority | |
| Majority party Minority party   Leader Pete Laney Tom Craddick  Party Democratic Republican  Leader since January 12, 1993 January 9, 1973  Leader's seat 85th 82nd  Last election 89 61  Seats before 87 63  Seats won **82** 68  Seat change  5  5  Popular vote 2,015,951 **2,502,499**  Percentage 44.18% **54.84%**  Swing  3.94%  3.85% | |
| ---  Democratic hold      Democratic gain
Republican hold      Republican gain
**Democratic:**      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      ≥90%
**Republican:**      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      ≥90% | |
| ---  **Speaker before election**
Pete Laney
Democratic **Elected Speaker**
Pete Laney
Democratic | |


title: 1913 Reading by-election

abstract: The 1913 Reading by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 8 November 1913. The constituency returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

text:
# 1913 Reading by-election

The **1913 Reading by-election** was a Parliamentary by-election held on 8 November 1913. The constituency returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.

## Vacancy

Sir Rufus Isaacs was appointed Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales created Baron Reading and given a seat in the House of Lords. He had been Liberal MP for Reading since 1903.

## Electoral history

Isaacs had won the last four parliamentary elections in Reading, but at the last General Election he only just managed to hold off the Conservative challenge;

General election December 1910 Electorate 11,016
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Rufus Isaacs** | **5,094** | **50.5** | **−0.5** |
|  | Conservative | Leslie Orme Wilson | 4,995 | 49.5 | +0.5 |
| Majority | | | 99 | 1.0 | −1.0 |
| Turnout | | | 10,089 | 91.6 | −2.1 |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | -0.5 |  |

This made Reading one of the most marginal seats in the country.

## Candidates

The local Liberal Association were unable to find a local candidate, and after some difficulties, settled on the wealthy and radical outsider George Peabody Gooch to defend the seat. He was elected at the 1906 general election as Member of Parliament (MP) for Bath, but lost the seat at the January 1910 general election. He stood again in Bath at the December 1910 general election, but did not regain the seat, Gooch's candidacy provoked the threat of an anti-vaccinationist candidate from within the local party.

The local Unionists re-selected Leslie Orme Wilson. In January 1910, at the General Election, he unsuccessfully stood as the Conservative candidate for Poplar. In December 1910, he was Unionist candidate for Reading, but was defeated by the sitting Liberal candidate, Sir Isaac Rufus, the Attorney-General.

A third candidate entered the contest in the figure of J. G. Butler, who was a member of the British Socialist Party. Butler was from London and in March 1913 he had contested the 1913 London County Council election at Stepney, where he had polled poorly. He secured the backing of the Reading Trades Council and the Reading branch of the Independent Labour Party.

## Background

If the Unionists were to hope to win a majority at the next General Election expected to take place in 1914/15, they would need to win Reading as it was statistically No17 on their target list. The intervention of a Socialist candidate at the by-election, thus gave them a good opportunity to gain the seat and establish their candidate as the incumbent.

## Campaign

In the last week of the campaign, following on from an announcement made by Chancellor of the Exchequer, David Lloyd George, of a new rural land policy, the Liberal campaign circulated a leaflet proclaiming *Vote for Gooch and the new Liberal land policy – the wage raising policy for Reading*. It argued that higher agricultural wages would lead to higher wages in towns. It also argued that a revival in the rural economy would stop labourers migrating to towns and causing unemployment and that a more prosperous countryside would buy more of Reading's products.

## Result

Reading by-election, 8th November 1913 Electorate 11,088
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Unionist** | **Leslie Orme Wilson** | **5,144** | **50.3** | **+0.8** |
|  | Liberal | George Peabody Gooch | 4,013 | 39.3 | −11.2 |
|  | British Socialist Party | Joseph George Butler | 1,063 | 10.4 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 1,131 | 11.0 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 10,220 | 92.2 | +0.6 |
|  | Unionist **gain** from Liberal | | Swing | +6.0 |  |

Although the Unionists gained the seat, the fact that the Unionist share of the vote only increased by 0.8% indicated that they would struggle to hold the seat at a General Election when no Socialist would be standing.

## Aftermath

A General Election was due to take place by the end of 1915. By the summer of 1914, the following candidates had been adopted to contest that election. Due to the outbreak of war, the election never took place.

General Election 1914/15: Reading Electorate 11,016
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Unionist | Leslie Orme Wilson |  |  |  |
|  | Liberal | Henry Norman Spalding |  |  |  |

General election 14 December 1918: Reading Electorate
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Unionist** | **Leslie Orme Wilson** | **15,204** | **53.9** | **+4.4** |
|  | Labour | Thomas Charles Morris | 8,410 | 29.8 | *New* |
|  | Liberal | Frederick Thoresby | 3,143 | 11.1 | −39.4 |
|  | NSP | Lorenzo Quelch | 1,462 | 5.2 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 6,794 | 24.1 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 28,219 | 62.2 | −29.4 |
|  | Unionist **gain** from Liberal | | Swing | +21.9 |  |

* Wilson was the endorsed candidate of the Coalition Government.

* Craig, F. W. S. (1974). British parliamentary election results 1885–1918 (1 ed.). London: Macmillan.
* Who's Who: www.ukwhoswho.com
* Debrett's House of Commons 1916


title: 1923 in British radio

text:
# 1923 in British radio

This is a list of events from British radio in 1923.

## Events

### January

### February

### March

* 6 March – First BBC broadcast from Glasgow (station 5SC). It broadcasts excerpts from an opera.
* 19 March – First BBC outside broadcast in Scotland, from the Coliseum Theatre, Glasgow.
* 26 March – First broadcast of a dance band, by Marius B Winter and his Dance Orchestra.

### April

* April – First BBC broadcast of an SOS message, for a woman to attend the bedside of her dying brother.

### May

* 2 May – *Women's Hour*, the first BBC programme for women (and predecessor of the later *Woman's Hour*), is broadcast.
* 24 May 1923 – The first live broadcast of a dance band, The Carlton Hotel Dance Band, leader Ben Davis.
* 30 May – BBC Cardiff (station 5WA) broadcasts the first full performance of a new orchestral opera.
* 31 May – Yorkshire-born Norman Clapham makes his BBC debut as 'John Henry', one of the first comedians to adapt to the medium of radio.

### June

### September

### October

### November

* 16 November – First BBC broadcast from Sheffield (station 2FL).

### December

## Births

* 15 January – Ivor Cutler, Scottish poet, songwriter and humorist (died 2006)
* 26 January – Patricia Hughes, continuity announcer (died 2013)
* 2 March – Jean Metcalfe, radio broadcaster (died 2000)
* 16 July – Larry Stephens, comedy scriptwriter (died 1959)
* 10 October – Nicholas Parsons, entertainer (died 2020)
* 13 October – Cyril Shaps, character actor (died 2003)
* 3 December – Trevor Bailey, cricketer and commentator (died 2011)
* 22 December – John Ebdon, radio broadcaster, Graecophile, author and director of the London Planetarium (died 2005)

1. Prior, Neil (13 February 2013). "Broadcasting in Wales: 90 years since BBC went on air". BBC. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
2. Walker, David Pat (2011). *The BBC in Scotland: the first 50 years*. Edinburgh: Luath. ISBN 1-908373-00-8.
3. Sillito, David (14 November 2022). "Mystery of BBC radio's first broadcasts revealed 100 years on". BBC News. Retrieved 14 November 2022.
4. 'Stomping at the Savoy', in *Storyville* No. 30, August/September 1970, p. 222
5. *The Daily Mirror Old Codgers Little Black Book Number Two*. London: Mirror Group. 1976. pp. 70–1. ISBN 0-85939-076-4.
6. Purcell, Jennifer J. (July 2018). "'Enthusiasm, Experiment and Gallantry in Action': Developing Light Entertainment on the Fledgling BBC, 1922–1932". *Cultural and Social History*. **15** (3): 415–32. doi:10.1080/14780038.2018.1492786. S2CID 149732018.
7. Dibbs, Martin (2018). *Radio Fun and the BBC Variety Department, 1922-67: Comedy and Popular Music on Air*. Springer. p. 24. ISBN 978-3-319-95609-1.
8. Patrick Kidd. 'The jockey who died during a race – but still won', in *The Times*, 9 June 2023
9. "Radio Times". *Radio Times*. Vol. 1, no. 1. 28 November 1923. p. 1.
10. Currie, Tony (2001). *The Radio Times Story*. Kelly Publishing. ISBN 978-1903053096.
11. "Issue 1 National". BBC Genome Project. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
12. "A Miracle of Broadcasting". *Radio Times*. Vol. 1, no. 1. 28 November 1923. p. 2.
13. "Schedule Coverage". BBC Genome Project labs. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
14. "Listings | 2BD Aberdeen | 10 October 1923". BBC Genome Project. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
15. "Listings | 6BM Bournemouth | 17 October 1923". BBC Genome Project. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
16. "A Christmas Carol". BBC. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
17. *Penguin Pocket On This Day*. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.

## InfoBox

| List of years in British radio (table) |
| --- |
|  |
| In British music 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 |
| *+...* |


title: Englar-Schweigart-Rinehart Farm

abstract: The Englar-Schweigart-Rinehart Farm is a historic home and farm complex located at Westminster, Carroll County, Maryland, United States. It consists of a brick house, a brick smokehouse, a stone springhouse, a frame bank barn, and a frame poultry house. The house is a two-story, five-by-two-bay Flemish bond brick structure painted white, and set on a rubble stone foundation. The house was constructed in 1809 or 1810. The farm is significant for its illustration of how German-Swiss immigrants to Maryland became acculturated to the dominant English culture. The Englar-Schweigart-Rinehart Farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

text:
# Englar-Schweigart-Rinehart Farm

The **Englar-Schweigart-Rinehart Farm** is a historic home and farm complex located at Westminster, Carroll County, Maryland, United States. It consists of a brick house, a brick smokehouse, a stone springhouse, a frame bank barn, and a frame poultry house. The house is a two-story, five-by-two-bay Flemish bond brick structure painted white, and set on a rubble stone foundation. The house was constructed in 1809 or 1810. The farm is significant for its illustration of how German-Swiss immigrants to Maryland became acculturated to the dominant English culture.

The Englar-Schweigart-Rinehart Farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Englar-Schweigart-Rinehart Farm | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 47 Rockland Rd., Westminster, Maryland |
| Coordinates | 39°34′44.7″N 77°2′20.9″W / 39.579083°N 77.039139°W / 39.579083; -77.039139 |
| Area | 15.4 acres (6.2 ha) |
| Built | 1809 (1809) |
| Architectural style | Federal |
| NRHP reference No. | 03001267 |
| Added to NRHP | December 10, 2003 |


title: Armond Lebowitz

abstract: Armond Lebowitz was an American film editor. He worked in many films by Larry Cohen, such as Q - The Winged Serpent (1982) and Perfect Strangers (1984). He also edited Ladybug Ladybug (1963), Too Many Thieves (1966), The Incident (1967), and A Midsummer Night's Dream (1967).

text:
# Armond Lebowitz

**Armond Lebowitz** (25 September 1926 – 30 April 2015) was an American film editor. He worked in many films by Larry Cohen, such as *Q - The Winged Serpent* (1982) and *Perfect Strangers* (1984). He also edited *Ladybug Ladybug* (1963), *Too Many Thieves* (1966), *The Incident* (1967), and *A Midsummer Night's Dream* (1967).

## Filmography

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Armond Lebowitz | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1926-09-25)September 25, 1926 |
| Died | April 30, 2015(2015-04-30) (aged 88)<br>Thousand Oaks, California |
| Occupation | Film editor |


title: Armond Smith

abstract: Armond Smith is a former American football running back.

text:
# Armond Smith

**Armond Smith** (born May 7, 1986) is a former American football running back.

## College football

Smith played college football for Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky.

## Professional football

### Cleveland Browns

Smith was signed by the Cleveland Browns as an undrafted free agent in 2011. Smith was first noticed when he ran an 81-yard touchdown in the 2011 preseason against the Detroit Lions.

### Carolina Panthers

Smith was ejected from a preseason game against the Baltimore Ravens on August 22, 2013 for the act of kicking second-string linebacker, Albert McClellan in the groin after the whistle.

### Toronto Argonauts

On October 14, 2014, Smith signed a practice roster agreement with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League. He was released by the Argonauts on November 11, 2014.

## InfoBox

Armond Smith
| No. 35, 36 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Running back |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1986-05-07) May 7, 1986<br>Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Height: | 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) |
| Weight: | 194 lb (88 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Stone Mountain (GA) Redan |
| College: | Union (KY) |
| Undrafted: | 2011 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Rushing yards: 7  Return yards: 131 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: 1990 World Field Archery Championships

abstract: The 1990 World Field Archery Championships were held in Loen, Norway.

text:
# 1990 World Field Archery Championships

The **1990 World Field Archery Championships** were held in Loen, Norway.

## Medal summary (Men's individual)

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Barebow Men's individual
 | Mats Palmer | Tony Pitt-Lancaster | Roy Mundon |
| Freestyle Men's individual
 | Jay Barrs | Simon Fairweather | Frances Noteboom |
| Compound Men's individual
 | Randall Ulmer | Leigh Cornish | Niels Baldur |

## Medal summary (Women's individual)

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Barebow Women's individual
 | Nadine Visconti | Giuseppina Meini | Catarina Digreuw |
| Freestyle Women's individual
 | Carole Ferriou | Jenny Sjowall | Kitty Frazier |
| Compound Women's individual
 | Ann Shepherd | Valérie Fabre | Carmen Ceriotti |

## Medal summary (Team)

No Team Events at this championships.

## Medal summary (Juniors)

No Junior Events at this championships.

## InfoBox

| 1990 World Field Archery Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Loen, Norway |
|


title: 1908 Chicago Cubs season

abstract: The 1908 Chicago Cubs season was the 37th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 33rd in the National League, and the 16th at West Side Park. It involved the Cubs winning their third consecutive National League pennant, as well as the World Series for the second consecutive year. This team included four future Hall of Famers: manager / first baseman Frank Chance, second baseman Johnny Evers, shortstop Joe Tinker, and pitcher Mordecai Brown. In 1908, Brown finished second in the NL in wins and earned run average. This would be the last World Series victory for the Cubs until 2016.

text:
# 1908 Chicago Cubs season

The **1908 Chicago Cubs season** was the 37th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 33rd in the National League, and the 16th at West Side Park. It involved the Cubs winning their third consecutive National League pennant, as well as the World Series for the second consecutive year. This team included four future Hall of Famers: manager / first baseman Frank Chance, second baseman Johnny Evers, shortstop Joe Tinker, and pitcher Mordecai Brown. In 1908, Brown finished second in the NL in wins and earned run average. This would be the last World Series victory for the Cubs until 2016.

## Regular season

### Season summary

The Cubs started the season in Cincinnati. Orval Overall was the Cubs' Opening Day starting pitcher. Overall gave up five hits and committed an error in the first inning as the Reds took a 5–0 lead. The Cubs tied the game in the sixth and won the game in the ninth. Cubs pinch hitter Heinie Zimmerman drove in Johnny Evers. Mordecai "Three Finger" Brown pitched in the ninth and got a save for the Cubs.

The home opener was on April 22. Owner Charles Murphy had added several new seats to the stadium. Long-time Cub player-manager Cap Anson threw out the first pitch. Tinker, Evers, and Chance turned their second double play of the season as the Cubs beat the Reds by a score of 7–3.

On June 30, the Pittsburgh Pirates took first place, as the Cubs lost to the Cincinnati Reds. Starting on July 2, the Pirates started a critical five game series against the Cubs. In the first game, Three Finger Brown threw a six hit, no walk shutout, winning the game 3–0. Brown was 10–1 on the season.

On September 26, starting pitcher Ed Reulbach became the only pitcher in Major League Baseball history to pitch two shutouts on the same day. That day, the Cubs played a doubleheader against the Brooklyn Dodgers. Reulbach pitched both games to completion, which the Cubs won by scores of 5–0 and 3–0.

#### The Merkle Game

On Wednesday, September 23, 1908, while playing for the New York Giants in a game against the Cubs, 19-year-old Fred Merkle committed a base-running error that later became known as "Merkle's Boner" and earned him the nickname of "Bonehead."

In the bottom of the 9th inning, Merkle came to bat with two outs and the score tied 1–1. At the time, Moose McCormick was on first base. Merkle singled, and McCormick advanced to third. Al Bridwell followed with another single, and McCormick trotted home to score the apparent winning run. The New York fans in attendance, under the impression that the game was over, ran onto the field to celebrate.

Meanwhile, Merkle, thinking the game was over, ran to the Giants' clubhouse without touching second base (a gesture that was common at the time). Cubs second baseman Johnny Evers noticed this, and after retrieving a ball and touching second base, he appealed to umpire Hank O'Day to call Merkle out. Since Merkle had not touched the base, the umpire called him out on a force play, and McCormick's run did not count. The run was therefore nullified, the Giants' victory erased, and the score of the game remained tied.

Unfortunately, the thousands of fans on the field (as well as the growing darkness in the days before large electric light rigs made night games possible) prevented resumption of the game, and the game was declared a tie. The Giants and the Cubs would end the season tied for first place and would have a rematch at the Polo Grounds on October 8. The Cubs won this makeup game, 4–2, and thus the National League pennant.

### Season standings

National League
| Team |  |  | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Chicago Cubs | 99 | 55 | .643 |  | 4730 | 5225 |
| New York Giants | 98 | 56 | .636 | 1 | 5225 | 4631 |
| Pittsburgh Pirates | 98 | 56 | .636 | 1 | 4235 | 5621 |
| Philadelphia Phillies | 83 | 71 | .539 | 16 | 4334 | 4037 |
| Cincinnati Reds | 73 | 81 | .474 | 26 | 4037 | 3344 |
| Boston Doves | 63 | 91 | .409 | 36 | 3542 | 2849 |
| Brooklyn Superbas | 53 | 101 | .344 | 46 | 2750 | 2651 |
| St. Louis Cardinals | 49 | 105 | .318 | 50 | 2849 | 2156 |

### Record vs. opponents

|
Sources: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | BOS | BKN | CHC | CIN | NYG | PHI | PIT | SLC |
| Boston |  | 12–10 | 6–16–2 | 8–14 | 6–16 | 10–12 | 7–15 | 14–8 |
| Brooklyn | 10–12 |  | 4–18 | 6–16 | 6–16 | 5–17 | 9–13 | 13–9 |
| Chicago | 16–6–2 | 18–4 |  | 16–6 | 11–11–1 | 9–13–1 | 10–12 | 19–3 |
| Cincinnati | 14–8 | 16–6 | 6–16 |  | 8–14–1 | 10–12 | 8–14 | 11–11 |
| New York | 16–6 | 16–6 | 11–11–1 | 14–8–1 |  | 16–6 | 11–11–1 | 14–8 |
| Philadelphia | 12–10 | 17–5 | 13–9–1 | 12–10 | 6–16 |  | 9–13 | 14–8 |
| Pittsburgh | 15–7 | 13–9 | 12–10 | 14–8 | 11–11–1 | 13–9 |  | 20–2 |
| St. Louis | 8–14 | 9–13 | 3–19 | 11–11 | 8–14 | 8–14 | 2–20 |  |

### Notable transactions

### Roster

| 1908 Chicago Cubs | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Roster** | | | | | | | | | |
| **Pitchers** |  | **Catchers** **Infielders** |  | **Outfielders** **Other batters** |  | **Manager** |

## Player stats

### Batting

#### Starters by position

*Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Pos | Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C | Johnny Kling | 126 | 424 | 117 | .276 | 4 | 59 |
| 1B | Frank Chance | 129 | 452 | 123 | .272 | 2 | 55 |
| 2B | Johnny Evers | 126 | 416 | 125 | .300 | 0 | 37 |
| 3B | Harry Steinfeldt | 150 | 539 | 130 | .241 | 1 | 62 |
| SS | Joe Tinker | 157 | 548 | 146 | .266 | 6 | 68 |
| OF | Jimmy Sheckard | 115 | 403 | 93 | .231 | 2 | 22 |
| OF | Frank Schulte | 102 | 386 | 91 | .236 | 1 | 43 |
| OF | Jimmy Slagle | 104 | 352 | 78 | .222 | 0 | 26 |
|

#### Other batters

*Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Solly Hofman | 120 | 411 | 100 | .243 | 2 | 42 |
| Del Howard | 96 | 315 | 88 | .279 | 1 | 26 |
| Pat Moran | 50 | 150 | 39 | .260 | 0 | 12 |
| Heinie Zimmerman | 46 | 113 | 33 | .292 | 0 | 9 |
| Jack Hayden | 11 | 45 | 9 | .200 | 0 | 2 |
| Blaine Durbin | 14 | 28 | 7 | .250 | 0 | 0 |
| Doc Marshall | 12 | 20 | 6 | .300 | 0 | 3 |
| Vin Campbell | 1 | 1 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 0 |

### Pitching

#### Starting pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mordecai Brown | 44 | 312.1 | 29 | 9 | 1.47 | 123 |
| Ed Reulbach | 46 | 297.2 | 24 | 7 | 2.03 | 133 |
| Jack Pfiester | 33 | 252.0 | 12 | 10 | 2.00 | 117 |
| Orval Overall | 37 | 225.0 | 15 | 11 | 1.92 | 167 |
| Chick Fraser | 26 | 162.2 | 11 | 9 | 2.27 | 66 |
| Carl Lundgren | 23 | 138.2 | 6 | 9 | 4.22 | 38 |
| Andy Coakley | 4 | 20.1 | 2 | 0 | 0.89 | 7 |

#### Other pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Rube Kroh | 2 | 12.0 | 0 | 0 | 1.50 | 11 |

#### Relief pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | W | L | SV | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bill Mack | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.00 | 2 |
| Karl Spongberg | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9.00 | 4 |

## 1908 World Series

**NL Chicago Cubs (4) vs AL Detroit Tigers (1)**

| Game | Score | Date | Location | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| 1 | **Cubs** – 10, Tigers – 6 | October 10 | Bennett Park | 10,812 |
| 2 | Tigers – 1, **Cubs** – 6 | October 11 | West Side Park | 17,760 |
| 3 | **Tigers** – 8, Cubs – 3 | October 12 | West Side Park | 14,543 |
| 4 | **Cubs** – 3, Tigers – 0 | October 13 | Bennett Park | 12,907 |
| 5 | **Cubs** – 2, Tigers – 0 | October 14 | Bennett Park | 6,210 |
|

### Inline citations

### References

## References

## InfoBox

| 1908 Chicago Cubs | |
| --- | --- |
| World Series Champions
National League Champions | |
|  | |
| League | National League |
| Ballpark | West Side Park |
| City | Chicago, Illinois |
| Owners | Charles Murphy |
| Managers | Frank Chance |
|  | |


title: Enrique Lantigua

abstract: Enrique Antonio Lantigua, nicknamed El Mariscal, was a Dominican catcher who played in the Negro leagues in the 1930s. A native of Santiago, Dominican Republic, Lantigua played for the New York Cubans in 1935. In six recorded games, he went hitless in 14 plate appearances. Lantigua died in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic in 1985 at age 75.

text:
# Enrique Lantigua

**Enrique Antonio Lantigua** (June 15, 1910 – June 29, 1985), nicknamed **El Mariscal**, was a Dominican catcher who played in the Negro leagues in the 1930s.

A native of Santiago, Dominican Republic, Lantigua played for the New York Cubans in 1935. In six recorded games, he went hitless in 14 plate appearances. Lantigua died in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic in 1985 at age 75.

## InfoBox

| Enrique Lantigua | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Catcher** | |
| **Born:** (1910-06-15)June 15, 1910
Santiago, Dominican Republic | |
| **Died:** June 29, 1985(1985-06-29) (aged 75)
Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic | |
| Negro league baseball debut | |
| 1935, for the New York Cubans | |
| Last appearance | |
| 1935, for the New York Cubans | |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: El Chaparral, Texas

abstract: El Chaparral is a census-designated place (CDP) in Starr County, Texas, United States. It was a new CDP for the 2010 census, with a population of 464. It was formed, along with Santa Rosa CDP from the old Santa Cruz CDP.

text:
# El Chaparral, Texas

**El Chaparral** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Starr County, Texas, United States. It was a new CDP for the 2010 census, with a population of 464. It was formed, along with Santa Rosa CDP from the old Santa Cruz CDP. (Not to be confused with the new Santa Cruz CDP.)

## Geography

El Chaparral is located at 26°20′56″N 98°46′2″W / 26.34889°N 98.76722°W / 26.34889; -98.76722 (26.348795, -98.767339).

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | 464 |  |  |
| 2020 | 467 |  | 0.6% |
| U.S. Decennial Census
1850–1900 1910
1920 1930 1940
1950 1960 1970
1980 1990 2000
2010 | | | |

El Chaparral was one of two CDPs (along with the Santa Rosa CDP) formed out of the deleted Santa Cruz CDP prior to the 2010 U.S. Census.

### 2020 census

**El Chaparral CDP, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition**
*Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.*
| Race / Ethnicity (*NH = Non-Hispanic*) | Pop 2010 | Pop 2020 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| White alone (NH) | 3 | 6 | 0.65% | 1.28% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Some Other Race alone (NH) | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) | 0 | 3 | 0.00% | 0.64% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 461 | 458 | 99.35% | 98.07% |
| **Total** | **464** | **467** | **100.00%** | **100.00%** |

## Education

The CDP is within the Rio Grande City Grulla Independent School District (formerly Rio Grande City Consolidated Independent School District)

1. "Population and Housing Unit Counts, 2010 Census of Population and Housing" (PDF). Texas: 2010.
2. "El Chaparral, Texas :: Boundary Map of El Chaparral, Texas". Archived from the original on December 21, 2016. Retrieved December 20, 2016.
3. "Decennial Census by Decade". *United States Census Bureau*.
4. "1900 Census of Population - Population of Texas By Counties And Minor Civil Divisions" (PDF). *United States Census Bureau*.
5. "1910 Census of Population - Supplement for Texas" (PDF). *United States Census Bureau*.
6. "1920 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Texas" (PDF). *United States Census Bureau*.
7. "1930 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Texas" (PDF). *United States Census Bureau*.
8. "1940 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Texas" (PDF). *United States Census Bureau*.
9. "1950 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Texas" (PDF). *United States Census Bureau*.
10. "1960 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Texas" (PDF). *United States Census Bureau*.
11. "1970 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Texas" (PDF). *United States Census Bureau*.
12. "1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Texas" (PDF). *United States Census Bureau*.
13. "1990 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - Texas" (PDF). *United States Census Bureau*.
14. "2000 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - Texas" (PDF). *United States Census Bureau*.
15. "2010 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - Texas" (PDF). *United States Census Bureau*.
16. "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – El Chaparral CDP, Texas". *United States Census Bureau*.
17. "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – El Chaparral CDP, Texas". *United States Census Bureau*.
18. "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Starr County, TX" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved August 28, 2022. \- 2010 map

## InfoBox

| El Chaparral, Texas | |
| --- | --- |
| CDP | |
| Coordinates: 26°20′56″N 98°46′2″W / 26.34889°N 98.76722°W / 26.34889; -98.76722 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Texas |
| County | Starr |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.1 sq mi (0.3 km2) |
| Land | 0.1 sq mi (0.3 km2) |
| Water | 0.0 sq mi (0 km2) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 467 |
| Density | 4,700/sq mi (1,800/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Zip Code | 78582 |


title: Efe, Şuhut

abstract: Efe is a village in the Şuhut District, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,196 (2021). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).

text:
# Efe, Şuhut

**Efe** is a village in the Şuhut District, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,196 (2021). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (*belde*).

## InfoBox

| Efe | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| EfeLocation in TurkeyEfeEfe (Turkey Aegean) | |
| Coordinates: 38°36′N 30°38′E / 38.600°N 30.633°E / 38.600; 30.633 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Afyonkarahisar |
| District | Şuhut |
| Population (2021) | 1,196 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Emms Family Award

abstract: The Emms Family Award is presented annually to the Rookie of the Year in the Ontario Hockey League. The winner is also nominated for the CHL Rookie of the Year. The award was donated by Hap Emms. Leighton "Hap" Emms was a coach, owner, general manager and pioneer of the game, with a 33-year presence in the Ontario Hockey Association. His involvement in the Barrie Flyers, Niagara Falls Flyers, and St. Catharines Black Hawks, led to eight Memorial Cup tournament appearances, winning four times.

text:
# Emms Family Award

The **Emms Family Award** is presented annually to the Rookie of the Year (top first-year player) in the Ontario Hockey League. The winner is also nominated for the CHL Rookie of the Year. The award was donated by Hap Emms. Leighton "Hap" Emms was a coach, owner, general manager and pioneer of the game, with a 33-year presence in the Ontario Hockey Association. His involvement in the Barrie Flyers, Niagara Falls Flyers, and St. Catharines Black Hawks, led to eight Memorial Cup tournament appearances, winning four times.

## Winners

List of winners of the Emms Family Award.

| Season | Winner | Team |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1972–73 | Dennis Maruk | London Knights |
| 1973–74 | Jack Valiquette | Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds |
| 1974–75 | Danny Shearer | Hamilton Fincups |
| 1975–76 | John Tavella | Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds |
| 1976–77 | Mike Gartner | Niagara Falls Flyers |
| 1977–78 | Wayne Gretzky | Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds |
| 1978–79 | John Goodwin | Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds |
| 1979–80 | Bruce Dowie | Toronto Marlboros |
| 1980–81 | Tony Tanti | Oshawa Generals |
| 1981–82 | Pat Verbeek | Sudbury Wolves |
| 1982–83 | Bruce Cassidy | Ottawa 67's |
| 1983–84 | Shawn Burr | Kitchener Rangers |
| 1984–85 | Derek King | Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds |
| 1985–86 | Lonnie Loach | Guelph Platers |
| 1986–87 | Andrew Cassels | Ottawa 67's |
| 1987–88 | Rick Corriveau | London Knights |
| 1988–89 | Owen Nolan | Cornwall Royals |
| 1989–90 | Chris Longo | Peterborough Petes |
| 1990–91 | Cory Stillman | Windsor Spitfires |
| 1991–92 | Chris Gratton | Kingston Frontenacs |
| 1992–93 | Jeff O'Neill | Guelph Storm |
| 1993–94 | Vitali Yachmenev | North Bay Centennials |
| 1994–95 | Bryan Berard | Detroit Junior Red Wings |
| 1995–96 | Joe Thornton | Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds |
| 1996–97 | Peter Sarno | Windsor Spitfires |
| 1997–98 | David Legwand | Plymouth Whalers |
| 1998–99 | Sheldon Keefe | Barrie Colts |
| 1999–00 | Derek Roy | Kitchener Rangers |
| 2000–01 | Rick Nash | London Knights |
| 2001–02 | Patrick O'Sullivan | Mississauga IceDogs |
| 2002–03 | Rob Schremp | Mississauga IceDogs |
| 2003–04 | Bryan Little | Barrie Colts |
| 2004–05 | Benoit Pouliot | Sudbury Wolves |
| 2005–06 | John Tavares | Oshawa Generals |
| 2006–07 | Patrick Kane | London Knights |
| 2007–08 | Taylor Hall | Windsor Spitfires |
| 2008–09 | Evgeny Grachev | Brampton Battalion |
| 2009–10 | Matt Puempel | Peterborough Petes |
| 2010–11 | Nail Yakupov | Sarnia Sting |
| 2011–12 | Aaron Ekblad | Barrie Colts |
| 2012–13 | Connor McDavid | Erie Otters |
| 2013–14 | Travis Konecny | Ottawa 67's |
| 2014–15 | Alex DeBrincat | Erie Otters |
| 2015–16 | Alexander Nylander | Mississauga Steelheads |
| 2016–17 | Ryan Merkley | Guelph Storm |
| 2017–18 | Andrei Svechnikov | Barrie Colts |
| 2018–19 | Quinton Byfield | Sudbury Wolves |
| 2019–20 | Shane Wright | Kingston Frontenacs |
| 2020–21 | *Not awarded, season cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic* | |
| 2021–22 | Cam Allen | Guelph Storm |
| 2022–23 | Michael Misa | Saginaw Spirit |
| 2023–24 | Jake O'Brien | Brantford Bulldogs |

## InfoBox

Emms Family Award
| Sport | Ice hockey |
| --- | --- |
| Awarded for | Top first-year player in OHL<br>(Rookie of the Year) |
| History | |
| First award | 1973 |
| Most recent | Jake O'Brien |


title: Emmanuel Dongala

abstract: Emmanuel Boundzéki Dongala is a Congolese chemist and novelist. He was born in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo, in 1941. He was Richard B. Fisher Chair in Natural Sciences at Bard College at Simon's Rock until 2014. As a chemist, his specialty is stereochemistry and asymmetric synthesis, as well as environmental toxicology. He is the author of a number of award-winning novels including Johnny Mad Dog and Little Boys Come from the Stars.

text:
# Emmanuel Dongala

**Emmanuel Boundzéki Dongala** (born 1941) is a Congolese chemist and novelist. He was born in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo, in 1941. He was Richard B. Fisher Chair in Natural Sciences at Bard College at Simon's Rock until 2014.

As a chemist, his specialty is stereochemistry and asymmetric synthesis, as well as environmental toxicology.

He is the author of a number of award-winning novels including *Johnny Mad Dog* (French: *Johnny chien méchant*) and *Little Boys Come from the Stars*.

## Education and career

Dongala traveled to the US to obtain his BA in Chemistry from Oberlin College and his MS from Rutgers University before earning a Ph.D. in chemistry at the University of Montpellier in France, then returned to the Congo to teach polymeric chemistry at Marien Ngouabi University. In 1981, he cofounded Le Théâtre de l'Eclair with author Léandre-Alain Baker. In 1997, he was dean of Marien Ngouabi University in Brazzaville when war broke out in the Republic of Congo. The civil war of 1997-1998 forced Dongala and his family to abandon their possessions and seek asylum in the United States. Through his literary connections, particularly through his friend Philip Roth, Dongala obtained a teaching position at Bard College in Massachusetts for both chemistry and literature. At first he wanted to return to his country to be with his colleagues and improve the University of Brazzaville, however, Dongala ultimately decided to stay in the States to pursue both his career as a chemistry professor and as an author.

## Literary works

With his works, Dongala widened his audience from the Congo to all former French colonies in Africa. His themes address French colonization and the resulting complex economic, social, and political problems shared across Francophone countries. Dongala hopes to unite African francophones through these shared hardships across borders and coined the expression "écrits transnationaux," meaning "transnational writings." He believes authors should be like a "griot," a type of African bard, who has the important role to both "entertain and instruct at the same time" for francophone Africa as a whole. In his novels, Dongala strives to confront issues of societal wrongs, cultural traditions, and conformist thinking.

* *Un fusil dans la main, un poème dans la poche,* novel, published 1973 by Albin Michel.
* *Jazz et vin de palme,* novel, published 1982 by Hatier, reprinted 1996 by Le Serpent à Plumes.
* *Le Feu des origines,* novel, published 1987 by Alibin Michel, 1998 Le Serpent à Plumes.
* *Le Premier matin du monde,* play, published 1984.
* *Les Petits Garçons naissent aussi des étoiles,* novel, published 1998 by Le Serpent à plumes.
* *Mes enfants? Quels enfants?,* play, published 1990.
* *Le Miracle de Noël,* play, published 1995. Based on the novel *L'Enfant miraculé* by Tchicaya U Tam'si.
* *Johnny chien méchant*, novel, published 2002 by Le Serpent à plumes.
* *Photo de groupe au bord du fleuve* novel, published 2010 by Actes Sud.
* *La Sonate à Bridgetower* (*The Bridgetower Sonata*) published 2017 by Editions Actes Sud (English translation published 2021 by Schaffner Press)

Dongala's work is featured in the Penguin Book of Modern African Poetry, and he has been the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship. There is a film based on his book *Johnny Mad Dog*, a 2008 French-Liberian film directed by Jean-Stéphane Sauvaire and starring Christopher Minie, Daisy Victoria Vandy, Dagbeh Tweh, Barry Chernoh, Mohammed Sesay and Joseph Duo. He was winner of the 2004 Cezam Prix Littéraire Inter CE for *Johnny chien méchant*.

## Awards and recognition

Dongala won the Grand Prix Littéraire de l'Afrique Noire in 1988 for *Le Feu des origines.* This work also won him le Prix Charles Oulmont from the Fondation de France (1988).

For *Les Petits Garçons naissent aussi des étoiles,* Dongala received le Prix RFI-Témoin du Monde in 1998.

He became the laureate of the Fonlon-Nichols de l'excellence littéraire from the African Literature Association in 2003 for his "literary creativity" and "his contribution to the fight for the rights of man, particularly for the freedom of expression."

Though he was not widely known at the time, Dongala's name appeared in press in Paris after Jean-Stéphane Sauvaire's film *Johnny Mad Dog* was released in 2008.

His work, *Photo de groupe au bord du fleuve* won him both the Le Prix Virilo in 2010, Le Prix Ahmadou Kourouma in 2011, and Le Prix Mokanda in 2013.

* “Where Independent Minds Get Their Start.” *Where Independent Minds Get Their Start*, Bard College, 2014, https://simons-rock.edu/.

## InfoBox

| Emmanuel Dongala | |
| --- | --- |
| Emmanuel Dongala during the Geneva Book Fair 2011. | |
| Born | (1941-06-14) June 14, 1941
Brazzaville, Republic of Congo |
| Occupation | chemist, novelist |
| Nationality | Congolese |
| Education | Oberlin College (BA)
Rutgers University (MS)
University of Montpellier (Ph.D.) |
| Notable works |  |


title: 1946 Balkan Cup

abstract: The 1946 Balkan Cup was the 8th edition of this tournament. The participanting teams were Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania and for the first time ever, Albania, who ended up winning the tournament in their first try.

text:
# 1946 Balkan Cup

The **1946 Balkan Cup** was the 8th edition of this tournament. The participanting teams were Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania and for the first time ever, Albania, who ended up winning the tournament in their first try.

## Squads

* The four men's national teams involved in the tournament were required to register a squad of over 14 players, including one or two goalkeepers.
* The age listed for each player is on 7 October 1946, the first day of the tournament.
* The club listed is the club for which the player last played a competitive match prior to the tournament.

### Albania

| Albania |
| --- |
| The following players were called up to participate in the tournament.
*Caps and goals as before start of the tournament, otherwise after the match against Montenegro on 22 September 1946*.
No. Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club   1GK Dodë Tahiri  (1918-11-27)27 November 1918 (aged 27) 1 0  Vllaznia Shkodër  1GK Giacomo Poselli  (1922-07-22)22 July 1922 (aged 24) 1 0  Flamurtari Vlorë   ---  2DF Xhavit Demneri  (1919-01-01)1 January 1919 (aged 27) 0 0  Partizani Tirana  2DF Rexhep Spahiu  (1923-01-21)21 January 1923 (aged 23) 0 0  17 Nentori Tiranë  2DF Muhamet Dibra  (1923-10-31)31 October 1923 (aged 22) 1 0  Vllaznia Shkodër  2DF Bahri Kavaja  (1924-08-23)23 August 1924 (aged 22) 0 0  Vllaznia Shkodër  2DF Besim Fagu  (1925-03-10)10 March 1925 (aged 21) 0 0  17 Nentori Tiranë   ---  3MF Bimo Fakja  (1919-01-01)1 January 1919 (aged 27) 1 0  Vllaznia Shkodër  3MF Sllave Llambi  (1919-06-26)26 June 1919 (aged 27) 1 0  17 Nentori Tiranë  3MF Vasif Biçaku  (1922-03-02)2 March 1922 (aged 24) 1 0  17 Nentori Tiranë  3MF Aristidh Parapani  (1926-01-01)1 January 1926 (aged 20) 0 0  17 Nentori Tiranë   ---  4FW Qamil Teliti  (1922-07-09)9 July 1922 (aged 24) 1 2  Besa Kavajë  4FW Loro Boriçi  (1922-08-04)4 August 1922 (aged 24) 1 0  Vllaznia Shkodër  4FW Pal Mirashi  (1925-12-13)13 December 1925 (aged 20) 1 0  Vllaznia Shkodër |

### Bulgaria

| Bulgaria |
| --- |
| * Coach:  Todor Konov  No. Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club   1GK Simeon Kostov  (1917-03-15)15 March 1917 (aged 29) 0 0  Lokomotiv Sofia   ---  2DF Liubomir Petrov  (1913-01-10)10 January 1913 (aged 33) 7 0  Levski Sofia  2DF Stoyan Ormandzhiev  (1920-01-10)10 January 1920 (aged 26) 4 0  Lokomotiv Sofia  2DF Stoyu Nedyalkov  (1913-01-01)1 January 1913 (aged 33) 3 0  Lokomotiv Sofia  2DF Ivan Radoev  (1901-09-09)9 September 1901 (aged 45) 0 0  Sportist  2DF Ivan Dimchev  (1921-02-22)22 February 1921 (aged 25) 0 0  Chavdar  2DF Traycho Petkov  (1923-09-04)4 September 1923 (aged 23) 0 0  Lokomotiv Sofia   ---  3MF Krum Milev  (1915-06-11)11 June 1915 (aged 31) 7 1  Lokomotiv Sofia  3MF Aleksandar Popov  (1920-10-01)1 October 1920 (aged 26) 0 0  Lokomotiv Sofia  3MF Dragan Georgiev  (1922-05-13)13 May 1922 (aged 24) 0 0  Lokomotiv Sofia  3MF Stefan Bozhkov  (1923-09-20)20 September 1923 (aged 23) 0 0  Sportist   ---  4FW Vasil Spasov  (1919-12-30)30 December 1919 (aged 26) 1 0  Levski Sofia  4FW Bozhin Laskov  (1922-02-15)15 February 1922 (aged 24) 0 0  Levski Sofia  4FW Trendafil Stankov  (1923-07-14)14 July 1923 (aged 23) 0 0  Septemvri Sofia |

### Romania

| Romania |
| --- |
| No. Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club   1GK Gheorghe Lăzăreanu  (1924-05-06)6 May 1924 (aged 22) 0 0  Ciocanul București   ---  2DF Alexandru Negrescu *unknown* 5 0  Ciocanul București  2DF Francisc Mészáros  (1919-05-05)5 May 1919 (aged 27) 0 0  ITA Arad   ---  3MF Nicolae Simatoc  (1920-05-01)1 May 1920 (aged 26) 5 0  Carmen București  3MF Iosif Petschovschi  (1921-07-02)2 July 1921 (aged 25) 1 1  ITA Arad  3MF Iosif Ritter  (1921-12-02)2 December 1921 (aged 24) 1 0  CFR Timișoara  3MF Gheorghe Băcuț  (1927-07-12)12 July 1927 (aged 19) 1 0  ITA Arad  3MF Mátyás Tóth  (1918-04-01)1 April 1918 (aged 28) 0 0  ITA Arad   ---  4FW Nicolae Reuter  (1914-12-06)6 December 1914 (aged 31) 8 0  CFR Timișoara  4FW Bazil Marian  (1922-11-07)7 November 1922 (aged 23) 7 1  Carmen București  4FW Francisc Spielmann  (1916-07-10)10 July 1916 (aged 30) 3 1  Libertatea Oradea  4FW Sever Coracu  (1920-10-02)2 October 1920 (aged 26) 1 0  Universitatea Cluj  4FW Eugen Iordache  (1922-04-30)30 April 1922 (aged 24) 0 0  Juventus București  4FW Iosif Fabian  (1923-08-10)10 August 1923 (aged 23) 0 0  Carmen București |

### Yugoslavia

| Yugoslavia |
| --- |
| No. Pos. Player Date of birth (age) Caps Goals Club   1GK Zvonko Monsider  (1920-05-11)11 May 1920 (aged 26) 2 0  Dinamo Zagreb  1GK Franjo Šoštarić  (1919-08-01)1 August 1919 (aged 27) 0 0  Partizan   ---  2DF Miroslav Brozović  (1917-08-26)26 August 1917 (aged 29) 4 0  Partizan  2DF Kiril Simonovski  (1915-10-19)19 October 1915 (aged 30) 2 0  Partizan  2DF Ivica Horvat  (1926-07-16)16 July 1926 (aged 20) 2 0  Dinamo Zagreb  2DF Dragutin Lojen  (1919-05-19)19 May 1919 (aged 27) 1 0  Dinamo Zagreb  2DF Miomir Petrović  (1922-12-01)1 December 1922 (aged 23) 0 0  Red Star Belgrade   ---  3MF Aleksandar Atanacković  (1920-04-29)29 April 1920 (aged 26) 1 0  Partizan  3MF Franjo Rupnik  (1921-05-05)5 May 1921 (aged 25) 1 0  Partizan  3MF Zlatko Čajkovski  (1923-11-24)24 November 1923 (aged 22) 1 0  Partizan  3MF Prvoslav Mihajlović  (1921-04-13)13 April 1921 (aged 25) 0 0  Partizan   ---  4FW Frane Matošić  (1918-11-25)25 November 1918 (aged 27) 9 0  Hajduk Split  4FW Franjo Wölfl  (1918-05-18)18 May 1918 (aged 28) 4 0  Dinamo Zagreb  4FW Stjepan Bobek  (1923-12-03)3 December 1923 (aged 22) 2 0  Partizan  4FW Božidar Sandić  (1922-10-26)26 October 1922 (aged 23) 0 0  OFK Beograd |

## Table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Albania (C) | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 4 | +2 | 4 | Winners |
| 2 | Yugoslavia | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 5 | +1 | 4 |  |
| 3 | Romania | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 0 | | 3 |
| 4 | Bulgaria | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 3 | | 1 |

Updated to match(es) played on 13 October 1946. Source: EU-Football.info
Rules for classification: Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored
(C) Champions

## Results

| Albania | 2–3 | Yugoslavia |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mirashi  6'
Teliti  8' | Report | Matošić  47'
Bobek  48'
Čajkovski  78' |

Qemal Stafa Stadium, TiranaAttendance: 20,000Referee: Radu Istrate (Romania)

---

| Bulgaria | 2–2 | Romania |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Negrescu  33' (o.g.)
Milev  22' | Report | Reuter  40'
Tóth  88' |

Qemal Stafa Stadium, TiranaAttendance: 20,000Referee: Marijan Matančić (Yugoslavia)

---

| Albania | 3–1 | Bulgaria |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Boriçi  30', 65' (pen.)
Mirashi  68' | Report | Spasov  5' |

Qemal Stafa Stadium, TiranaAttendance: 20,000Referee: Radu Istrate (Romania)

---

| Romania | 2–1 | Yugoslavia |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Reuter  18'
Fabian  24' | Report | Simonovski  42' |

Qemal Stafa Stadium, TiranaAttendance: 25,000Referee: Andrey Zlatarev (Bulgaria)

---

| Albania | 1–0 | Romania |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Teliti  55' | Report |  |

Qemal Stafa Stadium, TiranaAttendance: 20,000Referee: Marijan Matančić (Yugoslavia)

---

| Bulgaria | 1–2 | Yugoslavia |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Laskov  88' | Report | Sandić  35', 70' |

Qemal Stafa Stadium, TiranaAttendance: 25,000Referee: Qazim Dervishi (Albania)

## Winner

| 1946 Balkan Cup |
| --- |
| **
Albania
First title** |

## Statistics

### Goalscorers

There were 20 goals scored in 6 matches, for an average of 3.33 goals per match.

**2 goals**

**1 goal**

**1 own goal**

## InfoBox

1946 Balkan Cup
| Kupa e Ballkanit 1946
*(in Albanian)* | |
| --- | --- |
| Albanian stamp issued in 2007 commemorating the 60th anniversary of Albania's victory in the 1946 Balkan Cup | |
| Tournament details | |
| Host country | Albania |
| Dates | 7–13 October 1946 |
| Teams | 4 |
| Venue(s) | Qemal Stafa Stadium, Tirana |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Albania (1st title) |
| Runners-up | Yugoslavia |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 6 |
| Goals scored | 20 (3.33 per match) |
| Attendance | 130,000 (21,667 per match) |
| Top scorer(s) | *Five players*
(2 goals each) |
| Best player(s) | Bozhin Laskov |
|


title: 1942 Mexican League season

abstract: The 1942 Mexican League season was the 18th season in the history of the Mexican League. It was contested by six teams. Unión Laguna de Torreón won the championship by finishing the season first with a record of 48 wins and 40 losses, led by player-manager Martín Dihigo.

text:
# 1942 Mexican League season

The **1942 Mexican League season** was the 18th season in the history of the Mexican League. It was contested by six teams. Unión Laguna de Torreón won the championship by finishing the season first with a record of 48 wins and 40 losses, led by player-manager Martín Dihigo.

## Standings

|
|  |
Regular season standings
| Pos | Team | W | L | Pct. | GB |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Unión Laguna de Torreón | 48 | 40 | .545 |  |
| 2 | Industriales de Monterrey | 46 | 41 | .529 | 1.5 |
| 3 | Alijadores de Tampico | 44 | 40 | .524 | 2.0 |
| 4 | Pericos de Puebla | 42 | 45 | .483 | 5.5 |
| 5 | Diablos Rojos del México | 40 | 47 | .460 | 7.5 |
| 6 | Azules de Veracruz | 39 | 46 | .459 | 7.5 |

## League leaders

## Milestones

### Pitchers

* Martín Dihigo (Torreón): Dihigo won his second Pitching Triple Crown in the Mexican League with an ERA of 2.53, 22 wins and 211 strikeouts.

## Awards

| Award | Player | Team | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Rookie of the Year | Jesús Díaz | Torreón |  |

## InfoBox

| 1942 Mexican League season | |
| --- | --- |
| League | Mexican League |
| Sport | Baseball |
| Number of teams | 6 |
| Season champions | Unión Laguna de Torreón |


title: Audience screen

abstract: Media planning is a science and one that has seen growth and increased discipline over the last few years through the introduction of new technology. These technologies have morphed from audience segmentation to audience profiling, but the most recent wave of technology to affect media planning is based on Audience Screening, which can be defined as the opportunity to purchase an actual audience online rather than impressions.

text:
# Audience screen

Media planning is a science and one that has seen growth and increased discipline over the last few years through the introduction of new technology. These technologies have morphed from audience segmentation to audience profiling, but the most recent wave of technology to affect media planning is based on **Audience Screening**, which can be defined as the opportunity to purchase an actual audience online rather than impressions.

## Purpose

Audience Screening incorporates a number of different technologies including behavioral targeting and the more advanced Conversion optimization platforms. Audience Screening allows the advertiser to identify the audience represented from an impression on a network or a portal and determine if that audience member is more or less likely to act in response to an advertisement than the general audience. If the audience member is regarded as highly desirable, then the advertisements are exposed. If the audience member is not deemed highly desirable, then they are not exposed to the advertisement and the next sequential audience member is evaluated for desirability and match to the potential customer base for the advertiser. This process happens in fractions of a second and can be used to better qualify the audience, allowing advertisers to reach only those folks most likely to convert as well as the publisher to generate a higher cost basis for their inventory.

## How it works

The technology behind Audience Screening is not new, but it does represent the evolution of traditional behavioral targeting. Behavioral targeting allows the publisher to identify and bucket groups of impressions together based on the audience profile and past traffic experience. Once an advertiser identifies the audience they are looking to reach, publishers can sell this inventory accurately. The problem with this model is that it is not as fluid and flexible as the web appears to be. The experiences and the profiles of the audience change quickly and are reactive to the environment around them, so the past behavior of an audience, though relatively accurate, is still flawed. The Audience Screen model actually identifies this information in real time and can be updated faster and with more detailed accuracy. Audience Screening takes into account audience profile data, preferably in conjunction with industry reliable sources such as Claritas or Simmons, and merges this with data referring to the page where the ad is shown, the category of the site and more recent events (i.e. News, etc.). In this way the audience member being potentially show the advertisements is evaluated based on more recent, timely data and positioned as either more or less desirable to an advertiser or more or less likely to become a customer. In addition, we can overlay the traditional targeting metrics such as frequency caps and successive messaging to determine the most effective model for reaching and converting customers while limiting budget exposure. It’s a higher reward, lower risk model which is becoming more effective as time moves forward.

The technology for Audience Screening is beneficial to the publishers because it allows them to further segment their audience without the weight of customer surveys and deeper analytics packages being overload in their existing inventory. The technology works simply with a pixel tag being placed on the publisher’s site and a simple database feed being established whereby the technology owner can amass a wealth of information concerning past habits and click streams as well as the syndicated data sources being used to categorize the audience members, or potential customers.


title: 1986 Trampoline World Championships

abstract: The 14th Trampoline World Championships were held in Paris, France from 16 to 18 October 1986.

text:
# 1986 Trampoline World Championships

The **14th Trampoline World Championships** were held in Paris, France from 16 to 18 October 1986.

## Results

### Men

#### Trampoline Individual

| Rank | Country | Gymnast | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | France | Lionel Pioline | 107.10 |
|  | West Germany | Michael Kuhn | 104.70 |
|  | West Germany | Ralf Pelle | 104.20 |
| 4 | Soviet Union | Igor Galimbatoviski | 104.00 |
| 5 | Soviet Union | Dimitri Poliarush | 100.60 |
| 6 | Great Britain | Nigel Rendell | 100.40 |
| 7 | West Germany | Jorh Roh | 100.10 |
| 8 | Great Britain | Richard Cobbing | 99.10 |

#### Trampoline Team

| Rank | Country | Gymnasts | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | West Germany | Michael Kuhn
Jorh Roh
Ralf Pelle
Karl Heinz Huninghake | 195.30 |
|  | Soviet Union | Sergrei Nestreliai
Dimitri Poliarush
Vadim Krasnochapka
Igor Galimbatoviski | 194.30 |
|  | France | Laurent Mainfray
Lionel Pioline
Hubert Barthod
Daniel Pean | 193.70 |
| 4 | Great Britain | Nigel Rendell
Aaron Wake
Richard Cobbing
Ian Ross | 186.90 |
| 5 | Denmark | Michael Nielsen
John Hansen
Anders Christiansen
Kjeld Rosen | 186.40 |

#### Trampoline Synchro

| Rank | Country | Gymnasts | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Soviet Union | Vadim Krasnochapka
Igor Bogachev | 72.1 |
|  | France | Lionel Pioline
Daniel Pean | 70.7 |
|  | Soviet Union | Sergrei Nestreliai
Igor Galimbatoviski | 68.6 |
| 4 | Denmark | Michael Nielsen
Kjeld Rosen | 68.1 |
| 5 | West Germany | Michael Kuhn
Ralf Pelle | 63.3 |
| 6 | Poland | Zdzislav Pelka
Wladermar Okoniewoski | 62.4 |
| 7 | Scotland | Alistair Fogg
Geoff Fogg | 60.8 |
| 8 | West Germany | Staude
Karl Heinz Huninghake | 58.7 |

#### Double Mini Trampoline

| Rank | Country | Gymnast | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Australia | Brett Austine | 26.4 |
|  | United States | Terry Butler | 25.9 |
|  | United States | Chad Fox | 25.7 |
| 4 | West Germany | Christian Poliath | 25.5 |
| 5 | Australia | Adrian Wareham | 25.3 |
| 6 | West Germany | Thorsten Hartmann | 25.0 |
| 7 | United States | Karl Heger | 24.6 |
| 8 | West Germany | Olaf Schmidt | 24.3 |

#### Double Mini Trampoline Team

| Rank | Country | Gymnasts | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Australia | Brett Austine
Adrian Wareham
Steve Evetts
Tony Moxham | 46.9 |
|  | West Germany | Dieter Wozniak
Thorsten Hartmann
Olaf Schmidt
Christian Poliath | 46.5 |
|  | United States | Chad Fox
Eric Colca
Terry Butler
Karl Heger | 46.4 |
| 4 | Canada | Darryl Scheelar
Stéphan Duchesne
Luke Waidman
Alain Duchesne | 44.9 |
| 5 | Portugal | Luis Baltazar
Jorge Moreira
Luis Nunes
Luis Santos | 42.7 |

#### Tumbling

| Rank | Country | Gymnast | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | United States | Jerry Hardy | 117.18 |
|  | France | Didier Semmola | 110.6 |
|  | Poland | Andrzej Gartska | 110.02 |
| 4 | France | Philippe Chapus | 108.88 |
| 5 | United States | Chad Fox | 108.14 |
| 6 | Canada | Darryl Scheelar | 106.56 |
| 7 | Poland | Skawomir Borejszo | 105.68 |
| 8 | France | Christophe Lambert | 105.50 |

#### Tumbling Team

| Rank | Country | Gymnasts | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | United States | Jerry Hardy
Chad Fox
Kevin Ekberg
Nate Taylor | 199.78 |
|  | France | Didier Simmola
Christophe Lambert
Philippe Chapus
Pascal Eouzan | 199.58 |
|  | Poland | Skawomir Borejszo
Andrzej Gartska
Krzysztof Wilousz
Zbigmiew Bachor | 192.36 |
| 4 | Canada | Darryl Scheelar
Sean McManus
John Smith | 170.92 |
| 5 | Portugal | Paulo Apricio
Camilo Colaco
Mario Colaco
Jorge Moreira | 170.20 |

### Women

#### Trampoline Individual

| Rank | Country | Gymnast | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Soviet Union | Tatiana Lushina | 97.3 |
|  | Great Britain | Andrea Holmes | 97.0 |
|  | Soviet Union | Irena Slonova | 97.0 |
| 4 | Soviet Union | Lilia Ivanova | 95.3 |
| 5 | West Germany | Hiltrud Roewe | 94.8 |
| 6 | Soviet Union | Irena Bludova | 94.5 |
| 7 | West Germany | Beate Kruswicki | 93.4 |
| 8 | Australia | Elizabeth Jensen | 93.1 |

#### Trampoline Team

| Rank | Country | Gymnasts | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Soviet Union | Irena Bludova
Lilia Ivanova
Tatiana Lushina
Irena Slonova | 183.7 |
|  | Great Britain | Andrea Holmes
Sue Shotton
Sachelle Halford
Kyrstyan McDonald | 179.2 |
|  | West Germany | Ute Oder
Hiltrud Roewe
Beate Kruswicki
Sussanne Rheinshmidt | 177.6 |
| 4 | Canada | Christine Tough
Vicky Bullock
Catherine Worley
Donna Tough | 171.3 |
| 5 | Netherlands | Diana Wong
Marjo Dierman-Koertman
Mariska V D Sman | 169.9 |

#### Trampoline Synchro

| Rank | Country | Gymnasts | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Soviet Union | Elena Merkulova
Tatiana Lushina | 66.1 |
|  | Soviet Union | Irena Bludova
Lilia Ivanova | 64.0 |
|  | West Germany | Hiltrud Roewe
Bafke Spang | 59.9 |
| 4 | Great Britain | Andrea Holmes
Harries | 59.7 |
| 5 | Australia | Elizabeth Jensen
Newman | 59.5 |
| 6 | Japan | Reiko Handa
Miki Komatsu | 57.1 |
| 7 | Netherlands | Diana Wong
Mariska V D Sman | 57.0 |
| 8 | Great Britain | Susan Munro
Lorraine Tarbeth | 56.9 |

#### Double Mini Trampoline

| Rank | Country | Gymnast | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | West Germany | Bettina Lehmann | 24.0 |
|  | Canada | Marie Andrée-Richard | 23.4 |
|  | West Germany | Gabi Dreier | 23.0 |
| 4 | Portugal | Rita Vilasboas | 22.8 |
| 5 | Australia | Cherie Mathers | 22.7 |
| 6 | Canada | Vicki Bullock | 22.50 |
| 7 | West Germany | Heike Holthoff | 22.40 |
| 8 | United States | Tammi Cobbs | 22.10 |

#### Double Mini Trampoline Team

| Rank | Country | Gymnasts | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | West Germany | Nicole Kruger
Heike Holthoff
Bettina Lehmann
Gabi Dreier | 42.4 |
|  | Canada | Marie Andrée-Richard
Vicki Bullock
Christine Tough
Donna Tough | 41.3 |
|  | Australia | Lisa Newman-Morris
Liz Jensen
Natalie Abreu | 40.7 |
| 4 | United States | Sami Dow
Tiffany Johnson
Michelle Church
Sharon Peterson | 40.1 |
| 5 | Portugal | Ruta Vilasboas
Maria Baptista
Isabel Figueiredo
Teresa Moutinho | 38.6 |

#### Tumbling

| Rank | Country | Gymnast | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | United States | Jill Hollembeak | 111.96 |
|  | France | Sandrine Vacher | 106.98 |
|  | France | Isabelle Jagueux | 106.44 |

#### Tumbling Team

| Rank | Country | Gymnasts | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | United States |  | 185.17 |
|  | France | Sandrine Vacher, Isabelle Jagueux, Corinne Robert, Surya Bonaly | 184.52 |
|  | Poland |  | 173.90 |

## InfoBox

| 1986 Trampoline World Championships | |
| --- | --- |
|