title: 2003 Myanmar banking crisis

abstract: The 2003 banking crisis of Myanmar was a major bank run in private banking that hit Myanmar (Burma) in February 2003. It started with a decline in the trust for private financial institutions following the collapse of small financial enterprises and proliferating rumors about the liquidity of major private banks. Leading to a bank run on the Asia Wealth Bank, the crisis quickly spread to all major private banks in the country. It led to severe liquidity problems for private banks and scarcity of the kyat. Though exact data is not available, it is believed that the crisis caused major economic hardship for many in Myanmar.

text:
# 2003 Myanmar banking crisis

The **2003 banking crisis of Myanmar** was a major bank run in private banking that hit Myanmar (Burma) in February 2003. It started with a decline in the trust for private financial institutions following the collapse of small financial enterprises and proliferating rumors about the liquidity of major private banks. Leading to a bank run on the Asia Wealth Bank, the crisis quickly spread to all major private banks in the country. It led to severe liquidity problems for private banks and scarcity of the kyat. Though exact data is not available, it is believed that the crisis caused major economic hardship for many in Myanmar.

## Background

Myanmar's banking system had been in a process of transition in the period leading up to the crisis. From the 1962 overthrow of the government by General Ne Win until 1990, state institutions dominated the financial sector in Myanmar. Only with the adoption of the Financial Institutions of Myanmar law by the State Peace and Development Council in 1990 were private banks allowed to form and operate in the country. By early 2003, there were 20 private banks in the country. However, many of these banks were relatively small. Five private banks dominated the field: Asia Wealth Bank, Yoma Bank, Kanbawza Bank, Myanmar Mayflower Bank and the Myanmar Oriental Bank. Though not all private banks grew considerably by international standards, the growth of the private banking sector and the share of the deposits in private banks increased in the 1990s and early 2000s. While private banks accounted for only about 10% of savings in 1994, by 2003, the amount increased to about 66%. Though state owned Myanmar Economic Bank had the most number of branches, in all other metrics private banks started to overshadow public banks.

However, while the importance of private banks in Myanmar did increase in this period, there were multiple indicators that suggested the private banks did not truly perform optimally. For example, outside of certain urban centres such as Yangon and Mandalay, the banking system did not penetrate the lives of the populace. For the majority of the population, keeping wealth in form tangibles (such as gold or other precious metals) and borrowing from private moneylenders were still the norm. Also, though entrance to the market was available after 1990, the banks still had to work under wide-ranging regulations; including ceilings on interest rates. The fact that these ceilings were below the inflation rate of Myanmar led to “schemes (especially in real estate) whose principle promise was to act as an inflation hedge,” which ultimately resulted in real estate price bubbles and financial instability even before the 2003 crises.

## Origins of the crisis

In the second half of 2002, many informal finance enterprises in the country started to go under. These enterprises were not authorized deposit taking institutions under the Financial Institutions of Myanmar Law, but nevertheless accepted deposits by using the loophole of naming the depositors “shareholders.” They promised investors considerably higher interest rates than what private banks were offering (usually around 10% per year.). While these high rates, regularly reaching 3-4% per month, seemed hardly possible to return on a sustainable basis, large amount of investors used these entities nevertheless. More often than not, the enterprises depended on either highly speculative investments for the promised rate of return or even sometimes turned out to be not much more than ponzi schemes. Nevertheless, the collapse of the informal finance companies is considered one of the early triggers of the crises. Not only were some of the authorized banks experienced direct financial loss because of exposure to these enterprises through lending and share investments, it also brought about distrust in the still newly liberalized financial sector.

Another source of rumors and distrust that laid at the origins of the 2003 crises were allegations of money laundering against Myanmar banks. With the September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States, the issue of money laundering gained prominence. In response to this, in May 2002, Myanmar adopted the Law to Control Money and Property Obtained by Illegal Means. This law addressed many concerns of the US State Department and initially lead to a flight of funds from banks in Myanmar. In fact, the situation got serious enough that the government had to assure the banks that they should not be threatened by the new law. Yet, even though the flight of funds did seem to decrease, rumors of large-scale withdrawals persisted. These rumors furthermore undermined the trust to the financial system and brought about fears regarding liquidity of the banks in the face of withdrawn funds.

Finally, on 1 February 2003, Finance and Revenue Minister Khin Maung Thein was permitted to retire without any additional explanation from the government. This incident coincided with the peak of fears regarding the independent finance companies’ instability. The Yangon-based business magazine Living Color also ran a report in its February edition that private banks are also giving out loans well beyond their existing capital. Article specifically alleged that Asia Wealth Bank, the largest private bank in the country, has 50 times more outstanding loans than its capital while Yoma Bank has about 30 times more than its revenues. Similarly, a rumor indicating that Asia Wealth Bank lost a significant amount of its investments in deals with a Chinese company also started circulating. All these issues led to rumors that major banks are on the verge of collapse and created the ground for the crises.

## Timeline

On February 6, fears about the private banks collapsing led to bank runs by customers to withdraw their funds. Starting with Asia Wealth Bank, the runs quickly spread to other private banks. As early as February 10, the situation got dire enough that Kyaw Kyaw Maung, the governor of Myanmar's Central Bank, held a press conference assuring that all 20 banks are in firm financial standing and have the backing of the Central Bank. However, this attempt was not enough to quell the consumer unrest. Different banks started to begin denying withdrawal requests and asked account holders to return after February 18. By February 12, reserves of Asia Wealth Bank dwindled to a point where the bank asked the Central Bank a security bond of 30 billion kyats (US$30 million.) Finally, on 15 February, Yoma Bank, one of the three banks in the country that have credit card services, suspended such services in the face of the crises.

With the financial situation getting worse, there were reports that the ruling party got increasingly sensitive about business reporting in the country, imposing a news blackout in an effort to stop the spread of panic among the public. The state-owned *Kyemon* newspaper ran a story that blamed the destructive elements abroad, such as the exiles, for the banking crises.

By February 17, all private banks started to impose a withdrawal limit of 500,000 kyat ($500) per customer per week in order to tackle the liquidity problem. Within a week, this limit got further tightened to 200,000 and 100,00 kyat for some banks. Universal Bank decreased this limit to 50,000 kyat per week by February 21. In response to the limits, large crowds began gathering in front banks demanding withdrawals. After a bank in Yangon's Thingangyun area was stoned by account holders, riot police was called upon to guard banks, while the traffic police tried to disperse the huge crowds outside of the Olympic Tower branch of Asia Wealth Bank. Soon, Asia Wealth Bank posted signs saying their branches are working in normal conditions, even though the restrictions were still in place.

On February 20, several banks ordered their investors to repay about 20% to 25% of their loans to the bank within a few days. By some accounts, this was asked by the Central Bank of Myanmar. This led to further hardship for customers, where, in one geographic division, people who borrowed for purchasing homes were asked to return 25% of their loans back. Though there is no exact data on what followed, there is contemporary reporting that suggests people had to "sell assets or downgrade their business and lifestyles” in order to meet these loan calls. By February 25, some banks revised their earlier demands for 25% of the outstanding loans repayments to 50%. The Central Bank of Myanmar’s timetable initially required that all required repayments were to be paid by the end of March 2003. General Khin Nyunt, on March 29 said in a press conference that he “would like to urge those who have taken loans from the banks to strive to repay their debts speedily in consideration of those who have deposited money in the banks, and to ensure the long term interest of the banks and strengthen the national economy". However, the deadline later got pushed back to May 2003 as a lot of the recalled debt was not paid back. Even by the end of May, there were still repayment orders that were not fulfilled.

On February 21, the Central Bank pledged to assist private banks with a 25 billion kyat ($25 million) bailout, at 4% interest rate. The money was going to be shared between the three largest private banks: Asia Wealth Bank, Kanbawza Bank and Yoma Bank. This liquidity support represented about 3.5% of all deposits in these banks. However, according to the Irrawaddy Newspaper, this money have never actually arrived to these banks.

Though the reports on the crises have been limited outside of the country due to the media blackout, by the end of February, a Singapore-based business magazine wrote that they are watching the crises with concern and one firm has already closed down operations in Yangon. Yet, on February 24, Zaw Win Naing, the managing director of Kanbawza Bank said: “the problem we face can be worked out soon, and it is a temporary problem.” Yet, even by May 2003, the crises did not seem to dwindle and depositors had no greater ability to access their accounts. Three month into the banking crises, all three biggest banks were facing severe cash shortages. Yoma bank was reportedly selling its capital assets in order to raise liquidity.

## Outcomes

### Value of the kyat

Though in many instances banking and currency crises coincide, the value of the kyat appreciated during the banking crisis. With the currency losing value against the dollar before the crisis, reaching a low of 1100 kyat to $1, by February 20 the value of the kyat increased to 900 kyat per dollar (the black market rate). On March 18, moneychangers in Yangon reported that trading was happening at as low as 850 kyat

As the kyat was indispensable for everyday transactions for the people in Myanmar, there was a steady demand for it even before the crisis. With the crisis making kyat-denominated bank deposits overly risky and virtually worthless (due to frozen accounts and illiquidity of the banks), demand for kyat increased and supply of kyat decreased. The kyat increased in price as it became scarcer. Economist Elliot Turner also notes that this scarcity of kyat was indicative of systemic illiquidity in the entire system due to the banking crisis.

### Economic hardship

With the withdrawal limits in place, and the other means of exchange used by banks such as cheques, remittance facilities, credit cards and electronic transfers of funds severely disrupted, the crisis had harmful effects on the real economy. On February 26, the Central Bank ordered all banks to cease any account transfers, further exacerbating the issue. Though the majority of people in Myanmar did not have bank accounts, almost all businesses had and used these funds to pay their employees. From the outset of the crisis, many workers and employers in Myanmar in market-related activities such as factories, fisheries and construction faced severe cuts in payments. There are reports that suggest many workers went unpaid for weeks or got laid off due to the crises. Similarly, contractors, transport providers for goods, suppliers and distributors were all affected by the crisis. On February 28, some traders were saying they were unable to make due payments to other merchants since their money remained tied in bank accounts. Even though some business account holders were allowed to make larger withdrawals to pay salaries in late February, small accounts and personal investments were still disrupted.

The Mizzima News Service reported on March 2 that bank closures in Tamu, close to the India-Burma border, had resulted in losses for the traders and the failure of payments in the area. This led to a meeting by border traders on March 13 in Tamu, discussing solutions to the ongoing problem. Burmese traders with India demanded that the government should deal with the crisis. Day-to-day operations of agricultural trading firms were also harmed, as the firms could not pay their current debt obligations. In mid-March, people in Yangon started to sell luxury items to meet their due payments to the banks. However, with the crisis ongoing, demand for goods was low and the prices of certain goods had to fall down as much as 50 per cent. According to the newspaper Irawaddy, the number of robberies in the area also increased due to the crisis. By May 2003, a secondary market of frozen bank accounts started to emerge, where account holders were selling their frozen accounts for about 60% to 80% of their face value, further increasing the financial losses for account owners.


# 2000 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 21

The 2000 Tour de France was the 87th edition of Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began in Futuroscope with a prologue individual time trial on 1 July and Stage 12 occurred on 13 July with a mountainous stage from Carpentras. The race finished on the Champs-Élysées in Paris on 23 July.

## Stage 12

**13 July 2000 — Carpentras to Mont Ventoux, 149 km (92.6 mi)**

| **Stage 12 result**  Rank Cyclist Team Time  1  Marco Pantani (ITA) Mercatone Uno–Albacom 4:15:11  ~~2~~  ~~Lance Armstrong (USA)~~  ~~U.S. Postal Service~~ ~~s.t.~~  3  Joseba Beloki (ESP) Festina \+ 25"  4  Jan Ullrich (GER) Team Telekom \+ 29"  5  Santiago Botero (COL) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 48"  6  Roberto Heras (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca s.t.  7  Richard Virenque (FRA) Team Polti \+ 1' 17"  8  Francisco Mancebo (ESP) Banesto \+ 1' 23"  9  Manuel Beltrán (ESP) Mapei–Quick-Step \+ 1' 29"  10  Christophe Moreau (FRA) Festina \+ 1' 31" |  | **General classification after stage 12**  Rank Cyclist Team Time  ~~1~~  ~~Lance Armstrong (USA)~~  ~~U.S. Postal Service~~ ~~48:50:21~~  2  Jan Ullrich (GER) Team Telekom \+ 4' 55"  3  Joseba Beloki (ESP) Festina \+ 5' 52"  4  Christophe Moreau (FRA) Festina \+ 6' 53"  5  Manuel Beltrán (ESP) Mapei–Quick-Step \+ 7' 25"  6  Richard Virenque (FRA) Team Polti \+ 8' 28"  7  Roberto Heras (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 8' 33"  8  Francisco Mancebo (ESP) Mapei–Quick-Step \+ 9' 42"  9  Javier Otxoa (ESP) Team Telekom \+ 9' 46"  10  Peter Luttenberger (AUT) Vitalicio Seguros \+ 10' 01" |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Stage 13

**14 July 2000 — Avignon to Draguignan, 185.5 km (115.3 mi)**

| **Stage 13 result**  Rank Cyclist Team Time  1  José Vicente García (ESP) Banesto 4:03:02  2  Nicolas Jalabert (FRA) ONCE–Deutsche Bank \+ 25"  3  Pascal Hervé (FRA) Team Polti \+ 27"  4  Guido Trentin (ITA) Vini Caldirola–Sidermec \+ 57"  5  Stéphane Heulot (FRA) Française des Jeux s.t.  6  Robbie McEwen (AUS) Farm Frites \+ 4' 00"  7  François Simon (FRA) Bonjour s.t.  8  Anthony Morin (FRA) Crédit Agricole s.t.  9  Christophe Agnolutto (FRA) AG2R Prévoyance s.t.  10  Marc Wauters (BEL) Rabobank s.t. |  | **General classification after stage 13**  Rank Cyclist Team Time  ~~1~~  ~~Lance Armstrong (USA)~~  ~~U.S. Postal Service~~ ~~53:03:29~~  2  Jan Ullrich (GER) Team Telekom \+ 4' 55"  3  Joseba Beloki (ESP) Festina \+ 5' 52"  4  Marc Wauters (BEL) Rabobank \+ 6' 03"  5  Christophe Moreau (FRA) Festina \+ 6' 33"  6  Manuel Beltrán (ESP) Mapei–Quick-Step \+ 7' 25"  7  Richard Virenque (FRA) Team Polti \+ 8' 28"  8  Roberto Heras (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 8' 33"  9  Francisco Mancebo (ESP) Mapei–Quick-Step \+ 9' 42"  10  Javier Otxoa (ESP) Team Telekom \+ 9' 46" |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Stage 14

**15 July 2000 — Draguignan to Briançon, 249 km (155 mi)**

| **Stage 14 result**  Rank Cyclist Team Time  1  Santiago Botero (COL) Kelme–Costa Blanca 7:56:13  2  Paolo Savoldelli (ITA) Saeco–Valli & Valli \+ 2' 30"  3  Marco Pantani (ITA) Mercatone Uno–Albacom \+ 2' 46"  4  Fernando Escartín (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 2' 49"  5  Richard Virenque (FRA) Team Polti s.t.  6  Christophe Moreau (FRA) Crédit Agricole s.t.  ~~7~~  ~~Lance Armstrong (USA)~~  ~~U.S. Postal Service~~ ~~\+ 2' 51"~~  8  Roberto Heras (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca s.t.  9  Jan Ullrich (GER) Team Telekom s.t.  10  Joseba Beloki (ESP) Festina s.t. |  | **General classification after stage 14**  Rank Cyclist Team Time  ~~1~~  ~~Lance Armstrong (USA)~~  ~~U.S. Postal Service~~ ~~61:02:33~~  2  Jan Ullrich (GER) Team Telekom \+ 4' 55"  3  Joseba Beloki (ESP) Festina \+ 5' 52"  4  Christophe Moreau (FRA) Festina \+ 6' 51"  5  Richard Virenque (FRA) Team Polti \+ 8' 26"  6  Roberto Heras (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 8' 33"  7  Manuel Beltrán (ESP) Mapei–Quick-Step \+ 9' 33"  8  Santiago Botero (COL) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 10' 00"  9  Marco Pantani (ITA) Mercatone Uno–Albacom \+ 10' 13"  10  Francisco Mancebo (ESP) Banesto \+ 10' 17" |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Stage 15

**16 July 2000 — Briançon to Courchevel, 173.5 km (107.8 mi)**

| **Stage 15 result**  Rank Cyclist Team Time  1  Marco Pantani (ITA) Mercatone Uno–Albacom 5:34:46  2  José María Jiménez (ESP) Banesto \+ 41"  3  Roberto Heras (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 50"  ~~4~~  ~~Lance Armstrong (USA)~~  ~~U.S. Postal Service~~ ~~s.t.~~  5  Daniele Nardello (ITA) Mapei–Quick-Step \+ 1' 00"  6  Santiago Botero (COL) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 1' 09"  7  Massimiliano Lelli (ITA) Cofidis \+ 2' 17"  8  Fernando Escartín (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 2' 21"  9  Christophe Moreau (FRA) Festina s.t.  10  Richard Virenque (FRA) Team Polti s.t. |  | **General classification after stage 15**  Rank Cyclist Team Time  ~~1~~  ~~Lance Armstrong (USA)~~  ~~U.S. Postal Service~~ ~~66:38:09~~  2  Jan Ullrich (GER) Team Telekom \+ 7' 26"  3  Joseba Beloki (ESP) Festina \+ 7' 28"  4  Christophe Moreau (FRA) Festina \+ 8' 22"  5  Roberto Heras (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 8' 25"  6  Marco Pantani (ITA) Mercatone Uno–Albacom \+ 9' 03"  7  Richard Virenque (FRA) Team Polti \+ 9' 57"  8  Santiago Botero (COL) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 10' 19"  9  Fernando Escartín (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 12' 27"  10  Francisco Mancebo (ESP) Banesto \+ 12' 43" |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Stage 16

**18 July 2000 — Courchevel to Morzine, 196 km (122 mi)**

| **Stage 16 result**  Rank Cyclist Team Time  1  Richard Virenque (FRA) Team Polti 5:32:20  2  Jan Ullrich (GER) Team Telekom \+ 24"  3  Roberto Heras (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 27"  4  Fernando Escartín (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 1' 09"  5  Joseba Beloki (ESP) Festina \+ 1' 11"  6  Pascal Hervé (FRA) Team Polti s.t.  7  Guido Trentin (ITA) Vini Caldirola–Sidermec \+ 2' 01"  ~~8~~  ~~Lance Armstrong (USA)~~  ~~U.S. Postal Service~~ ~~s.t.~~  9  Christophe Moreau (FRA) Festina s.t.  10  Santiago Botero (COL) Kelme–Costa Blanca s.t. |  | **General classification after stage 16**  Rank Cyclist Team Time  ~~1~~  ~~Lance Armstrong (USA)~~  ~~U.S. Postal Service~~ ~~72:12:30~~  2  Jan Ullrich (GER) Team Telekom \+ 5' 37"  3  Joseba Beloki (ESP) Festina \+ 6' 38"  4  Roberto Heras (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 6' 43"  5  Richard Virenque (FRA) Team Polti \+ 7' 36"  6  Christophe Moreau (FRA) Festina \+ 8' 22"  7  Santiago Botero (COL) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 10' 19"  8  Fernando Escartín (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 11' 35"  9  Francisco Mancebo (ESP) Banesto \+ 13' 07"  10  Manuel Beltrán (ESP) Mapei–Quick-Step \+ 13' 08" |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Stage 17

**19 July 2000 — Évian-les-Bains to Lausanne, 155 km (96 mi)**

| **Stage 17 result**  Rank Cyclist Team Time  1  Erik Dekker (NED) Rabobank 3:24:53  2  Erik Zabel (GER) Team Telekom s.t.  3  Fred Rodriguez (USA) Mapei–Quick-Step s.t.  4  François Simon (FRA) Bonjour s.t.  5  Robbie McEwen (AUS) Farm Frites s.t.  6  Mario Aerts (BEL) Lotto–Adecco s.t.  7  Massimiliano Mori (ITA) Saeco–Valli & Valli s.t.  8  Romāns Vainšteins (LAT) Vini Caldirola–Sidermec s.t.  9  Nico Mattan (BEL) Cofidis s.t.  10  Christophe Moreau (FRA) Festina s.t. |  | **General classification after stage 17**  Rank Cyclist Team Time  ~~1~~  ~~Lance Armstrong (USA)~~  ~~U.S. Postal Service~~ ~~75:37:23~~  2  Jan Ullrich (GER) Team Telekom \+ 5' 37"  3  Joseba Beloki (ESP) Festina \+ 6' 38"  4  Roberto Heras (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 6' 43"  5  Richard Virenque (FRA) Team Polti \+ 7' 36"  6  Christophe Moreau (FRA) Festina \+ 8' 22"  7  Santiago Botero (COL) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 10' 19"  8  Fernando Escartín (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 11' 35"  9  Francisco Mancebo (ESP) Banesto \+ 13' 07"  10  Manuel Beltrán (ESP) Mapei–Quick-Step \+ 13' 08" |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Stage 18

**20 July 2000 — Lausanne to Freiburg (Germany), 246.5 km (153.2 mi)**

| **Stage 18 result**  Rank Cyclist Team Time  1  Salvatore Commesso (ITA) Saeco–Valli & Valli 6:08:15  2  Alexander Vinokourov (KAZ) Team Telekom s.t.  3  Jacky Durand (FRA) Lotto–Adecco \+ 1' 05"  4  Jens Voigt (GER) Crédit Agricole \+ 1' 16"  5  Jean-Cyril Robin (FRA) Bonjour s.t.  6  Nicolaj Bo Larsen (DEN) Memory Card–Jack & Jones \+ 15' 35"  7  Servais Knaven (NED) Farm Frites s.t.  8  Thierry Marichal (BEL) Lotto–Adecco s.t.  9  Olivier Perraudeau (FRA) Bonjour s.t.  10  Bo Hamburger (DEN) Memory Card–Jack & Jones \+ 15' 37" |  | **General classification after stage 18**  Rank Cyclist Team Time  ~~1~~  ~~Lance Armstrong (USA)~~  ~~U.S. Postal Service~~ ~~82:01:18~~  2  Jan Ullrich (GER) Team Telekom \+ 5' 37"  3  Joseba Beloki (ESP) Festina \+ 6' 38"  4  Roberto Heras (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 6' 43"  5  Richard Virenque (FRA) Team Polti \+ 7' 36"  6  Christophe Moreau (FRA) Festina \+ 8' 22"  7  Santiago Botero (COL) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 10' 19"  8  Fernando Escartín (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 11' 35"  9  Francisco Mancebo (ESP) Banesto \+ 13' 07"  10  Manuel Beltrán (ESP) Mapei–Quick-Step \+ 13' 08" |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Stage 19

**21 July 2000 — Freiburg (Germany) to Mulhouse, 58.5 km (36.4 mi) (individual time trial)**

| **Stage 19 result**  Rank Cyclist Team Time  ~~1~~  ~~Lance Armstrong (USA)~~  ~~U.S. Postal Service~~ ~~1:05:01~~  2  Jan Ullrich (GER) Team Telekom \+ 25"  3  Christophe Moreau (FRA) Festina \+ 2' 12"  4  Tyler Hamilton (USA) U.S. Postal Service \+ 3' 01"  5  Joseba Beloki (ESP) Festina \+ 3' 26"  6  Laurent Jalabert (FRA) ONCE–Deutsche Bank \+ 3' 47"  7  David Millar (GBR) Cofidis \+ 3' 56"  8  Daniele Nardello (ITA) Mapei–Quick-Step \+ 3' 57"  9  Santiago Botero (COL) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 3' 59"  10  Guido Trentin (ITA) Vini Caldirola–Sidermec \+ 4' 16" |  | **General classification after stage 19**  Rank Cyclist Team Time  ~~1~~  ~~Lance Armstrong (USA)~~  ~~U.S. Postal Service~~ ~~83:06:19~~  2  Jan Ullrich (GER) Team Telekom \+ 6' 02"  3  Joseba Beloki (ESP) Festina \+ 10' 04"  4  Christophe Moreau (FRA) Festina \+ 10' 34"  5  Roberto Heras (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 11' 50"  6  Richard Virenque (FRA) Team Polti \+ 13' 26"  7  Santiago Botero (COL) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 14' 18"  8  Fernando Escartín (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 17' 21"  9  Francisco Mancebo (ESP) Banesto \+ 18' 09"  10  Daniele Nardello (ITA) Mapei–Quick-Step \+ 18' 25" |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Stage 20

**22 July 2000 — Belfort to Troyes, 254.5 km (158.1 mi)**

| **Stage 20 result**  Rank Cyclist Team Time  1  Erik Zabel (GER) Team Telekom 6:14:13  2  Robbie McEwen (AUS) Farm Frites s.t.  3  Jeroen Blijlevens (NED) Team Polti s.t.  4  Romāns Vainšteins (LAT) Vini Caldirola–Sidermec s.t.  5  Max van Heeswijk (NED) Mapei–Quick-Step s.t.  6  Massimiliano Mori (ITA) Saeco–Valli & Valli s.t.  7  Arvis Piziks (LAT) Memory Card–Jack & Jones s.t.  8  Emmanuel Magnien (FRA) Française des Jeux s.t.  9  George Hincapie (USA) U.S. Postal Service s.t.  10  Christophe Mengin (FRA) Française des Jeux s.t. |  | **General classification after stage 20**  Rank Cyclist Team Time  ~~1~~  ~~Lance Armstrong (USA)~~  ~~U.S. Postal Service~~ ~~83:06:19~~  2  Jan Ullrich (GER) Team Telekom \+ 6' 02"  3  Joseba Beloki (ESP) Festina \+ 10' 04"  4  Christophe Moreau (FRA) Festina \+ 10' 34"  5  Roberto Heras (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 11' 50"  6  Richard Virenque (FRA) Team Polti \+ 13' 26"  7  Santiago Botero (COL) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 14' 18"  8  Fernando Escartín (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 17' 21"  9  Francisco Mancebo (ESP) Banesto \+ 18' 09"  10  Daniele Nardello (ITA) Mapei–Quick-Step \+ 18' 25" |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Stage 21

**23 July 2000 — Paris (Eiffel Tower) to Paris (Champs-Élysées), 138 km (86 mi)**

| **Stage 21 result**  Rank Cyclist Team Time  1  Stefano Zanini (ITA) Mapei–Quick-Step 3:12:36  2  Erik Zabel (GER) Team Telekom s.t.  3  Romāns Vainšteins (LAT) Vini Caldirola–Sidermec s.t.  4  Fred Rodriguez (USA) Mapei–Quick-Step s.t.  5  Max van Heeswijk (NED) Mapei–Quick-Step s.t.  6  Emmanuel Magnien (FRA) Française des Jeux s.t.  7  François Simon (FRA) Bonjour s.t.  8  Robbie McEwen (AUS) Farm Frites s.t.  9  Salvatore Commesso (ITA) Saeco–Valli & Valli s.t.  10  Arvis Piziks (LAT) Memory Card–Jack & Jones s.t. |  | **General classification after stage 21**  Rank Cyclist Team Time  ~~1~~  ~~Lance Armstrong (USA)~~  ~~U.S. Postal Service~~ ~~92:33:08~~  2  Jan Ullrich (GER) Team Telekom \+ 6' 02"  3  Joseba Beloki (ESP) Festina \+ 10' 04"  4  Christophe Moreau (FRA) Festina \+ 10' 34"  5  Roberto Heras (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 11' 50"  6  Richard Virenque (FRA) Team Polti \+ 13' 26"  7  Santiago Botero (COL) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 14' 18"  8  Fernando Escartín (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 17' 21"  9  Francisco Mancebo (ESP) Banesto \+ 18' 09"  10  Daniele Nardello (ITA) Mapei–Quick-Step \+ 18' 25" |
| --- | --- | --- |


title: 1963 UCI Road World Championships

abstract: The 1963 UCI Road World Championships took place from 10 to 11 August 1963 in Ronse, Belgium.

text:
# 1963 UCI Road World Championships

The **1963 UCI Road World Championships** took place from 10 to 11 August 1963 in Ronse, Belgium.

## Results

| **Race:** | **Gold:** | Time | **Silver:** | Time | **Bronze :** | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Men** | | | | | | |
| Men's road race
 | **Benoni Beheyt**
Belgium | 7 h 25 min 26s | Rik Van Looy
Belgium | m.t. | Jo de Haan
Netherlands | m.t. |
| Amateurs' road race | **Flaviano Vicentini**
Italy | - | Francis Bazire
France | - | Winfried Bölke
West Germany | - |
| Amateurs' team mountain race | **France**
Michel Bechet
Dominique Motte
Marcel-Ernest Bidault
Georges Chappe |  | Italy
Mario Maino
Pasquale Fabbri
Danilo Grassi
Dino Zandegù |  | Soviet Union
Viktor Kapitonov
Gainan Saidschushin
Yuri Melichov
Anatoli Olizarenko | - |
| **Women** | | | | | | |
| Women's road race | **Yvonne Reynders**
Belgium | - | Rosa Sels
Belgium | - | Aino Puronen
Soviet Union | - |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Belgium (BEL) | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
| 2 | France (FRA) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| | Italy (ITA) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 4 | Soviet Union (URS) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 5 | Netherlands (NED) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | West Germany (FRG) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (6 entries) | | 4 | 4 | 4 | 12 |

## InfoBox

1963 UCI Road World Championships
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Ronse | |
| Venue | Ronse, Belgium |
| Date(s) | (1963-08-10 \- 1963-08-11)10–11 August 1963 |
| Coordinates | 50°45′N 03°36′E / 50.750°N 3.600°E / 50.750; 3.600 |
|


title: Especially for You (Kitty Wells album)

abstract: Especially for You is an album recorded by Kitty Wells and released in 1964 on the Decca label. The album included three hit singles: "Unloved Unwanted", "Will Your Lawyer Talk to God", and "We Missed You". Thom Owens of Allmusic called the album "an exceptional mid-'60s LP."

text:
# Especially for You (Kitty Wells album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Record Mirror* |  |

***Especially for You*** is an album recorded by Kitty Wells and released in 1964 on the Decca label (DL 4493). The album included three hit singles: "Unloved Unwanted", "Will Your Lawyer Talk to God", and "We Missed You". Thom Owens of Allmusic called the album "an exceptional mid-'60s LP."

## Track listing

**Side A**

1. "Act Naturally"
2. "Guilty"
3. "Busted"
4. "We Missed You"
5. "Ring of Fire "
6. "Cold and Lonely (Is the Forecast for Tonight)"

**Side B**

1. "Talk Back Trembling Lips"
2. "Make the World Go Away"
3. "Take These Chains from My Heart"
4. "The Window Up Above"
5. "Unloved Unwanted"
6. "Will Your Lawyer Talk to God"

## InfoBox

| Especially for You | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Kitty Wells | |
| Released | 1964 |
| Genre | Country |
| Label | Decca |
| Kitty Wells chronology | |
| *Country Music Time*
(1964) ***Especially for You***
(1964) *Burning Memories*
(1965) | |


title: Bainbridge Island Museum of Art

abstract: The Bainbridge Island Museum of Art (BIMA) is located in Bainbridge Island, Washington, United States. The museum was designed by Coates Design Architects and opened in 2013. During its first weeks, the museum averaged 150 daily visitors and included an exhibition of works by Roger Shimomura. BIMA has also showcased works by Amos Paul Kennedy Jr. and George Tsutakawa. Sheila Hughes was the executive director, as of 2018. BIMA launched a biennial artistic award program in 2023.

text:
# Bainbridge Island Museum of Art

The **Bainbridge Island Museum of Art** (**BIMA**) is located in Bainbridge Island, Washington, United States. The museum was designed by Coates Design Architects and opened in 2013.

During its first weeks, the museum averaged 150 daily visitors and included an exhibition of works by Roger Shimomura. BIMA has also showcased works by Amos Paul Kennedy Jr. and George Tsutakawa.

Sheila Hughes was the executive director, as of 2018. BIMA launched a biennial artistic award program in 2023.

## InfoBox

Bainbridge Island Museum of Art
| Logo | |
| --- | --- |
| The museum's exterior, 2019 | |
|  | |
| Established | 2013 (2013) |
| Location | Bainbridge Island, Washington, U.S. |
| Coordinates | 47°37′30″N 122°30′52″W / 47.6251°N 122.5145°W / 47.6251; -122.5145 |
| Website | biartmuseum.org |


title: 1997 Kerry Senior Football Championship

abstract: The 1997 Kerry Senior Football Championship was the 97th staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board in 1889. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 27 February 1997. The championship ran from 24 July to 2 November 1997. Laune Rangers entered the championship as the defending champions. The final was played on 2 November 1997 at Austin Stack Park in Tralee, between East Kerry and Laune Rangers, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. East Kerry won the match by 1-11 to 0-08 to claim their fifth championship title overall and a first title in 27 years. East Kerry's Paud O'Donoghue was the championship's top scorer with 1-32.

text:
# 1997 Kerry Senior Football Championship

The **1997 Kerry Senior Football Championship** was the 97th staging of the Kerry Senior Football Championship since its establishment by the Kerry County Board in 1889. The draw for the opening round fixtures took place on 27 February 1997. The championship ran from 24 July to 2 November 1997.

Laune Rangers entered the championship as the defending champions.

The final was played on 2 November 1997 at Austin Stack Park in Tralee, between East Kerry and Laune Rangers, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. East Kerry won the match by 1-11 to 0-08 to claim their fifth championship title overall and a first title in 27 years.

East Kerry's Paud O'Donoghue was the championship's top scorer with 1-32.

## Results

### Round 1

| 24 July 1997 Round 1 | **St. Kieran's** | **0-12 - 0-10** | **John Mitchels** | Austin Stack Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | S McElligott 0-3, D Dennehy 0-2, R O'Rahilly 0-2, G O'Keeffe 0-2, J McGlynn 0-1, P Dennehy 0-1, S O'Connor 0-1. |  | A Moynihan 0-3, F O'Brien 0-3, G Dennehy 0-2, N Healy 0-1, J Fitzgerald 0-1. |  |

| 25 July 1997 Round 1 | **Kerins O'Rahilly's** | **1-08 - 0-11** | **South Kerry** | Austin Stack Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | M Fitzgerald 1-1, S Wallace 0-2, V Murphy 0-2, T McCarthy 0-1, P O'Connor 0-1, G O'Brien 0-1. |  | J O'Shea 0-4, M Fitzgerald 0-3, B O'Connor 0-1, K Dwyer 0-1, J Quirke 0-1, D Lynch 0-1. |  |

| 25 July 1997 Round 1 | **Austin Stacks** | **0-16 - 0-06** | **Feale Rangers** | Austin Stack Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | D Aherne 0-7, E Moynihan 0-5, D McEvoy 0-2, P Laide 0-1, K Kelleher 0-1. |  | E Fitzmaurice 0-3, E Galvin 0-1, A O'Brien 0-1, M Kelleher 0-1. |  |

| 26 July 1997 Round 1 | **East Kerry** | **1-11 - 2-08** | **St. Brendan's** | FitzGerald Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | J Murphy 1-2, P O'Donoghue 0-4, J Crowley 0-2, S Óg O'Leary 0-1, M O'Donoghue 0-1, D Daly 0-1. |  | T O'Connell 0-5, P Healy 1-0, B Clifford 1-0, E Ferris 0-1, L Harty 0-1, J Murphy 0-1. |  |

| 26 July 1997 Round 1 | **Shannon Rangers** | **1-10 - 0-13** | **Killarney Legion** | FitzGerald Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | J Kennedy 1-5, M O'Connor 0-2, E Hennessy 0-1, S McGinley 0-1, T Foley 0-1. |  | C O'Grady 0-6, J McGillycuddy 0-2, D Culloty 0-2, D O'Donoghue 0-1, B McCullagh 0-1, S Culloty 0-1. |  |

| 27 July 1997 Round 1 | **Kenmare** | **1-11 - 2-15** | **Laune Rangers** | Kenmare Grounds |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | K Moriarty 0-5, C McSwiney 1-1, B O'Neill 0-4, T Harrington 0-1. |  | P O'Sullivan 0-7, B O'Shea 1-1, T Byrne 1-0, G Murphy 0-3, P Griffin 0-2, B Gannon 0-1, L Hassett 0-1. |  |

| 27 July 1997 Round 1 | **Dr. Crokes** | **1-07 - 2-09** | **Mid Kerry** | FitzGerald Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | P O'Brien 1-0, R Neher 0-3, D Cooper 0-2, P O'Shea 0-2. |  | G McGrath 2-0, I Twiss 0-6, Martin Burke 0-2, Mike Burke 0-1. |  |

| 27 July 1997 Round 1 | **Castleisland Desmonds** | **0-08 - 1-11** | **West Kerry** | Castleisland Grounds |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | K Lynch 0-4, J Brennan 0-3, S Curtin 0-1. |  | D Ó Cinnéide 0-6, A Mac Gearailt 1-2, C Geaney 0-1, S Geaney 0-1, M Moynihan 0-1. |  |

| 1 August 1997 Round 1 replay | **East Kerry** | **0-15 - 0-09** | **St. Brendan's** | Austin Stack Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Donoghue 0-10, D Daly 0-1, S Óg O'Leary 0-1, J Crowley 0-1, S Moynihan 0-1, T O'Sullivan 0-1. |  | T O'Connell 0-5, L Harty 0-1, A Murphy 0-1, E Ferris 0-1, B Clifford 0-1. |  |

| 1 August 1997 Round 1 replay | **Shannon Rangers** | **1-14 - 0-07** | **Killarney Legion** | Stack Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | T Foley 1-2, J Kennedy 0-5, L Weir 0-4, O Horgan 0-1, D O'Connor 0-1, K Boyle 0-1. |  | C O'Grady 0-3, S Culloty 0-2, D Culloty 0-1, J Cronin 0-1. |  |

| 1 August 1997 Round 1 replay | **South Kerry** | **0-08 - 1-09** | **Kerins O'Rahilly's** | Con Keating Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | M Fitzgerald 0-4, K O'Dwyer 0-2, D Dwyer 0-1, J O'Shea 0-1. |  | O Molloy 1-1, M Fitzgerald 0-3, V Murphy 0-3, M O'Shea 0-1, C Sheehy 0-1. |  |

### Quarter-finals

| 30 August 1997 Quarter-final | **Laune Rangers** | **1-17 - 2-12** | **St. Kieran's** | FitzGerald Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | P O'Sullivan 0-7, MF Russell 1-1, T Fleming 0-3, B O'Shea 0-2, L Hassett 0-2, B Gannon 0-1, J Sheehan 0-1, |  | L Brosnan 1-2, S McElligott 0-4, R O'Rahilly 0-4, P Dennehy 1-0, G O'Keeffe 0-2. |  |

| 31 August 1997 Quarter-final | **West Kerry** | **1-08 - 0-11** | **Mid Kerry** | FitzGerald Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | S Geaney 1-2, D Ó Cinnéide 0-3, A Mac Gearailt 0-1, JJ Corduff 0-1, B O'Driscoll 0-1. |  | I Twiss 0-6, K Foley 0-2, G McGrath 0-2, G O'Connor 0-1. |  |

| 31 August 1997 Quarter-final | **East Kerry** | **0-13 - 1-03** | **Shannon Rangers** | Austin Stack Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | P O'Donoghue 0-4, MD Cahill 0-3, J Murphy 0-2, J Crowley 0-2, S Moynihan 0-1, D Daly 0-1. |  | J O'Connell 1-1, T Foley 0-1, K Boyle 0-1. |  |

| 7 September 1997 Quarter-final | **Austin Stacks** | **0-15 - 2-05** | **Kerisn O'Rahilly's** | Austin Stack Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | D McEvoy 0-4, D Aherne 0-3, E Moynihan 0-3, P Laide 0-2, C Kennedy 0-2, W Kirby 0-1. |  | V Murphy 1-2, S Wallace 1-1, G O'Brien 0-2. |  |

| 7 September 1997 Quarter-final replay | **West Kerry** | **2-11 - 0-08** | **Mid Kerry** | FitzGerald Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | D Ó Cinnéide 1-2, R Mac Gearailt 1-0, B O'Driscoll 0-3, JJ Corduff 0-3, A Mac Gearailt 0-2, F Ashe 0-1. |  | I Twiss 0-2, G McGrath 0-2, Martin Burke 0-1, Mike Burke 0-1, C O'Shea 0-1, J Daly 0-1. |  |

### Semi-finals

| 5 October 1997 Semi-final | **Laune Rangers** | **0-17 - 2-09** | **West Kerry** | FitzGerald Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | P O'Sullivan 0-6, G Murphy 0-4, T Fleming 0-3, S O'Sullivan 0-1, P Prendeville 0-1, P Griffin 0-1, M O'Connor 0-1. |  | S Geaney 2-0, D Ó Cinnéide 0-4, A Mac Gearailt 0-1, JJ Corduff 0-1, D Ó Sé 0-1, G O'Driscoll 0-1, R Mac Gearailt 0-1. |  |

| 5 October 1997 Semi-final | **East Kerry** | **0-12 - 0-11** | **Austin Stacks** | FitzGerald Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | MD Cahill 0-4, P O'Donoghue 0-4, J O'Sullivan 0-1, C O'Connor 0-1, M O'Donoghue 0-1, S Moynihan 0-1,. |  | E Moynihan 0-7, D Aherne 0-2, P Laide 0-1, C Kennedy 0-1. |  |

### Final

| 12 October 1997 Final | **East Kerry** | **0-12 - 1-09** | **Laune Rangers** | Austin Stack Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | P O'Donoghue 0-6, D Daly 0-2, MD Cahill 0-1, C O'Connor 0-1, J Crowley 0-1, D Moynihan 0-1. |  | L Hassett 1-2, P O'Sullivan 0-3, T Fleming 0-2, M Hassett 0-1, MF Russell 0-1. |  |

| 2 November 1997 Final replay | **East Kerry** | **1-11 - 0-08** | **Laune Rangers** | Austin Stack Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | P O'Donoghue 1-4, J Murphy 0-4, D Moynihan 0-1, MD Cahill 0-1, J Crowley 0-1. |  | P O'Sullivan 0-3, MF Russell 0-2, P Griffin 0-1, A Hassett 0-1, M O'Connor 0-1. |  |

## Championship statistics

### Top scorers

Overall

| Rank | Player | Club | Tally | Total | Matches | Average |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Paud O'Donoghue | East Kerry | 1-32 | 35 | 6 | 5.83 |
| 2 | Pa O'Sullivan | Laune Rangers | 0-26 | 26 | 5 | 5.20 |
| 3 | Dara Ó Cinnéide | West Kerry | 1-15 | 18 | 4 | 4.50 |
| 4 | Eoin Moynihan | Austin Stacks | 0-15 | 15 | 3 | 5.00 |
| 5 | Ian Twiss | Mid Kerry | 0-14 | 14 | 3 | 4.66 |
| 6 | John Kennedy | Shannon Rangers | 1-10 | 13 | 3 | 4.33 |
| 7 | Seán Geaney | West Kerry | 3-03 | 12 | 4 | 3.00 |
| | Darren Aherne | Austin Stacks | 0-12 | 12 | 3 | 4.00 |
| 9 | Jerry Murphy | East Kerry | 1-08 | 11 | 6 | 1.83 |
| 10 | Gary McGrath | Mid Kerry | 2-04 | 10 | 3 | 3.33 |
| | Tom O'Connell | Mid Kerry | 0-10 | 10 | 2 | 5.00 |

In a single game

| Rank | Player | Club | Tally | Total | Opposition |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Paud O'Donoghue | East Kerry | 0-10 | 10 | St. Brendan's |
| 2 | John Kennedy | Shannon Rangers | 1-05 | 8 | Killarney Legion |
| 3 | Paud O'Donoghue | East Kerry | 1-04 | 7 | Laune Rangers |
| | Eoin Moynihan | Austin Stacks | 0-07 | 7 | East Kerry |
| | Darren Aherne | Austin Stacks | 0-07 | 7 | Feale Rangers |
| | Pa O'Sullivan | Laune Rangers | 0-07 | 7 | Kenmare |
| | Pa O'Sullivan | Laune Rangers | 0-07 | 7 | St. Kieran's |
| 8 | Gary McGrath | Mid Kerry | 2-00 | 6 | Dr. Crokes |
| | Seán Geaney | West Kerry | 2-00 | 6 | Laune Rangers |
| | Cathal O'Grady | Killarney Legion | 0-06 | 6 | Shannon Rangers |
| | Ian Twiss | Mid Kerry | 0-06 | 6 | Dr. Crokes |
| | Dara Ó Cinnéide | West Kerry | 0-06 | 6 | Castleisland Desmonds |
| | Ian Twiss | Mid Kerry | 0-06 | 6 | West Kerry |
| | Pa O'Sullivan | Laune Rangers | 0-06 | 6 | West Kerry |
| | Paud O'Donoghue | East Kerry | 0-06 | 6 | Laune Rangers |

### Miscellaneous

* East Kerry win the title for the first time in 27 years.
* The final goes to a replay for the first time since 1994.

## InfoBox

1997 Kerry Senior Football Championship
| Dates | 24 July - 2 November 1997 |
| --- | --- |
| Teams | 16 |
| Sponsor | Allied Irish Bank |
| Champions | East Kerry (5th title)
John Crowley (captain) |
| Runners-up | Laune Rangers
Tommy Byrne (captain) |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 20 |
| Goals scored | 27 (1.35 per match) |
| Points scored | 420 (21 per match) |
| Top scorer(s) | Paud O'Donoghue (1-32) |
| 1996 (Previous) (Next) 1998 | |


title: Atherstone Priory

abstract: Atherstone Priory was a priory in Atherstone, Warwickshire, England. The first monastic site in Atherstone was an Augustinian friary founded in the centre of the town in 1374 by Ralph, Lord Bassett of Drayton. Henry VII, as he was to become, took communion there before the Battle of Bosworth. At the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1538 the nave became the town's parish church of St Mary, the chancel a grammar school and the remaining land leased to a Mr Cartwright. In 1837–41 a new priory, known as the Convent of the Rosary, was built by Joseph Hansom in the east of the town for Dominican nuns. After several years of financial hardship they were obliged to sell it in 1857 to the Benedictine nuns of St. Benedict's Priory, Colwich as a daughter house. The new priory convent, dedicated to St Scholastica, was founded in 1859 when a group of 19 nuns moved to Atherstone from Colwich. The priory was enlarged in 1873, again by Hansom. Faced by falling numbers and encouraged by the Vatican Council, St Scholastica's voted in 1966 to rejoin Colwich. On 31 July 1967 the eighteen members of the Atherstone community transferred to Colwich and the Atherstone property was sold. The graves of the nuns were moved to St Mary's churchyard and the building demolished. The site is now a housing estate.

text:
# Atherstone Priory

**Atherstone Priory** was a priory in Atherstone, Warwickshire, England.

The first monastic site in Atherstone was an Augustinian friary founded in the centre of the town in 1374 by Ralph, Lord Bassett of Drayton. Henry VII, as he was to become, took communion there before the Battle of Bosworth. At the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1538 the nave became the town's parish church of St Mary, the chancel a grammar school and the remaining land leased to a Mr Cartwright.

In 1837–41 a new priory, known as the Convent of the Rosary, was built by Joseph Hansom in the east of the town for Dominican nuns. After several years of financial hardship they were obliged to sell it in 1857 to the Benedictine nuns of St. Benedict's Priory, Colwich as a daughter house. The new priory convent, dedicated to St Scholastica, was founded in 1859 when a group of 19 nuns moved to Atherstone from Colwich. The priory was enlarged in 1873, again by Hansom.

Faced by falling numbers and encouraged by the Vatican Council, St Scholastica's voted in 1966 to rejoin Colwich. On 31 July 1967 the eighteen members of the Atherstone community transferred to Colwich and the Atherstone property was sold. The graves of the nuns were moved to St Mary's churchyard and the building demolished. The site is now a housing estate.

52°34′27″N 1°32′11″W / 52.5741°N 1.5364°W / 52.5741; -1.5364


title: Antonio Domingo Bussi

abstract: Antonio Domingo Bussi was an army general during the military dictatorship in Argentina and a politician prominent in the recent history of Tucumán Province, Argentina. He was tried and convicted for crimes against humanity.

text:
# Antonio Domingo Bussi

**Antonio Domingo Bussi** (17 January 1926 – 24 November 2011) was an army general during the military dictatorship in Argentina and a politician prominent in the recent history of Tucumán Province, Argentina. He was tried and convicted for crimes against humanity (torture, kidnapping and genocide).

## Life and times

### Early career

Bussi was born in Victoria in Argentina's Entre Ríos Province on 17 January 1926. He entered the National Military College in 1943 and graduated in 1947 as a second lieutenant in the Army's Infantry Division. He was assigned to Regiment 28 in the city of Goya, and was later made an instructor in the General San Martín Lyceum. Promoted to captain in 1954, he entered the War College to train as a staff officer, and remained there three years transferring to the Army's Mountain Division in Mendoza Province. He married Josefina Beatriz Bigoglio; the couple had four children.

Bussi was designated Master of military logistics by the Army High Command, and he taught the discipline in the General Luis María Campos War College. In that capacity, he was sent to receive further instruction at the Command and General Staff College, in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Appointed lieutenant colonel upon his return in 1964, he briefly served as Chief of Staff at Army Headquarters.

Named head of the 19th Mountain Infantry Regiment in Tucumán Province, in 1969 he was sent as part of an Argentine Army commission of observers to the Vietnam War theatre, and returned to Army Headquarters in a bureaucratic capacity. Bussi was promoted to brigadier general in 1975, named head of the Tenth Infantry Brigade of the city of Buenos Aires, and in December, he was tapped to replace General Acdel Vilas as commander of *Operativo Independencia*, a military offensive ordered early that year by President Isabel Perón to counter a growing People's Revolutionary Army (ERP) insurgency in Tucumán, which had already resulted in the deaths of at least 43 troops and 160 insurgents.

### Tucumán

Bussi moved the secret detention center that his predecessor had installed in Famaillá to a more remote, rural location, and ordered the use of torture. The move was made to evade inspections by international human rights agencies, by concealing or transferring prisoners prior to their visits. The 24 March 1976, military coup resulted in Bussi's appointment as Governor of Tucumán, and in the worsening of an already repressive human and legal rights situation.

The report of the Congressional Commission on Human Rights Violations in the Province of Tucumán described the Bussi administration as a vast repressive apparatus, directed mainly against labor union leaders, political figures, academics and students (many of whom were known to be unrelated to the climate of left-wing violence in evidence during the early 1970s). However, according to Professor Paul H. Lewis, author of *Guerrillas and Generals: The Dirty War in Argentina*, a large percentage of the disappeared in Tucumán were indeed students, professors and recent graduates of the local university, who had been caught providing supplies and information to the guerrillas. Justice Minister Ricardo Gil Lavedra, who formed part of the 1985 tribunal judging the military crimes committed during the Dirty War would later go on record saying that *"I sincerely believe that the majority of the victims of the illegal repression were guerrilla militants"*. After handing over command of the 5th Mountain Brigade to Bussi in mid-December 1975, Brigadier-General Acdel Vilas (who had largely defeated the rural insurgency in Tucuman) later wrote that he received a telephone call after Christmas from Bussi and that he commented, *"Vilas, you've left me with nothing much to do."*

The Argentine military maintained in early 1976 that the guerrillas still posed a serious problem, although they expressed guarded optimism that they were gaining control of the situation. The *Baltimore Sun* reported at the time, *"In the jungle-covered mountains of Tucuman, long known as 'Argentina's garden', Argentines are fighting Argentines in a Vietnam-style civil war. So far, the outcome is in doubt. But there is no doubt about the seriousness of the combat, which involves 2,000 or so leftist guerrillas and perhaps as many as 10,000 soldiers."*

In all, 293 servicemen and policemen were killed in left wing terrorist incidents between 1975 and 1976. Combating a recently formed ERP alliance in Tucumán with the Montoneros, an extremist group better known for attacks and kidnappings in urban areas, Bussi achieved a major success on 13 February 1976, when his parachute forces on loan from the elite Córdoba-based 4th Airborne Brigade ambushed and defeated the elite 65-strong Montoneros jungle company sent to rekindle the insurgency in Tucuman. Despite this defeat, the ERP reinforced the guerrilla front with their "Decididos de Córdoba" Company from Córdoba province and 24 armed clashes took place in 1976, resulting in the deaths of 74 guerrillas and 18 soldiers and police in Tucumán province. The Argentine Army 4th Airborne Infantry Brigade and local police scored further successes in mid-April in the city of Córdoba, when in a series of raids it captured and later killed some 300 militants entrusted with supporting the ERP military operations.

A Police Investigations Brigade was formed to attach selected policemen to Army shock troops, and these units were responsible for, among other civilian attacks, the bombing of the National University of Tucumán, the Provincial Legislature, the local headquarters of the centrist Radical Civic Union, the Communist Party, the Socialist Party, and the Tucumán Bar Association. Lawyers were intimidated into refusing to defend captured guerrillas and their sympathizers, and those who proved uncooperative had their offices ransacked or bombed. Some lawyers were assassinated outright. Doctors, politicians and trade unionists were also subject to kidnapping, unlawful imprisonment and torture. Bussi's personal role in the atrocities included the murder of detainees with his own hands in at least three cases. Bussi was known for requiring his prisoners to recite the Our Father and the Hail Mary, exhorting them to give thanks for having lived one day longer.

His administration was efficient economically. An expressway connecting the capital to suburbs to the north was completed, as well as numerous schools, parks, and clinics. The Swedish industrial firm Scania opened a facility in Colombres during his tenure that remains the fourth-largest maker of freight trucks and buses in the country. However, Bussi used his office to amass more than three million dollars in property and real estate (at 1976-77 prices), and expropriated large numbers of properties without compensation; among his administration's more bizarre crimes was the expulsion of 25 homeless men to mountainous, neighboring Catamarca Province in the dead of winter and without provisions of any kind.

A June 1976 operation succeeded in capturing People's Revolutionary Army (ERP) leader Mario Roberto Santucho, who was taken alive and died in a military hospital. His body was frozen and later publicly displayed by Bussi at the dictatorship's Museum of Subversion, outside Buenos Aires. Argentine intelligence officers in 1995 claimed ERP guerrillas were responsible for the deaths of at least 700 people in addition to scores of attacks on police and military units as well as kidnappings and robberies. Bussi was made second in command of the base upon his removal as governor in 1977, and retired from active duty in 1981 with the rank of general.

### Following the dictatorship

The restoration of democracy in 1983 led to the indictments of dozens of members of the armed forces of various human rights violations, including General Bussi. Litigation against Bussi and hundreds of others was suspended by the December 1986 "Full Stop Law", which limited indictments to those that could be secured within 60 days of its enactment. The law was sponsored by President Raúl Alfonsín as a result of military pressure. Bussi was thus spared trial on charges of unlawful imprisonment, torture, murder and of falsifying documents. In late 1990, before any trials could commence against him and fellow officers, President Carlos Menem pardoned him as well as 64 left-wing guerrilla commanders, including the ERP successor, Enrique Haroldo Gorriarán Merlo, mastermind of the 1989 assault on an army barracks. In a televised address to the nation, President Menem said, *"I have signed the decrees so we may begin to rebuild the country in peace, in liberty and in justice... We come from long and cruel confrontations. There was a wound to heal."* Lieutenant-General Félix Martín Bonnet, commander of the Argentine Army at the time, welcomed the pardons as an *"inspiration of the armed forces, not only because those who had been their commanders were deprived of their freedom, but because many of their present members fought, and did so, in fulfillment of express orders."*

Free from litigation, Bussi ran as a candidate for governor in 1987 on the conservative, "Provincial Defense/White Flag" ticket. Obtaining a surprising 18% of the vote, the showing (and his base of support among large provincial landowners) encouraged him to form the Republican Force party and run for governor in 1991. He led the polls during much of the campaign, though the Justicialist Party's selection of a popular singer, Ramón "Palito" Ortega, led to his defeat. Support from sugar plantation owners, who created the "Patriotic Fund" for a 1995 campaign, and Ortega's own lackluster performance as governor, led to Bussi's election to the post in 1995. During his tenure, he had an important railyard cooperative in Tafí Viejo shuttered and faced charges of embezzlement for failing to disclose a Swiss bank account worth over US$ 100,000; when pressed on the issue, Bussi refused to confirm or deny the allegations.

The Republican Force party nominated Bussi's son, Ricardo Bussi Bigoglio, as a candidate for governor in 1999, though his father's sagging approval led to the election of Justicialist candidate Julio Miranda. The aging Bussi, in turn, was elected to the Lower House of Congress that year. Congress rejected the certification due to his prominent role in crimes against humanity and evidence of massive, ongoing embezzlement. His election in 2003 as Mayor of San Miguel de Tucumán by 17 votes was likewise rejected and he was arrested on 15 October 2003 for his role in the 1976 disappearance of Congressman Guillermo Vargas Aignasse.

Following the newly elected President Néstor Kirchner pledge to prosecute Dirty War-era crimes, and Congress' 2003 rescission of the Full Stop and Due Obedience Laws which had sheltered the military officers and ERP, Montoneros, and other guerrilla commanders guilty of human-right abuses, Bussi became a defendant in more than 600 cases. The Federal Appeals Court of Tucumán ruled in December 2004 that the crimes committed during his term as governor constituted crimes against humanity, were not subject to statutes of limitations, and thus subject to prosecution.

Bussi was ordered by judge Jorge Parache to be held under house arrest, but in July 2007 the Argentine Supreme Court ruled that Congress had exceeded its constitutional authority in denying Bussi his seat; the ruling did not supersede his ban from Congress as a convicted felon. Further charges resulted in his 28 August 2008, sentence of life imprisonment without benefit of house arrest.

Bussi described himself as the victim of political persecution, and thanked the soldiers who helped him to fight communism.

Bussi died on 24 November 2011, aged 85. He was under house arrest at Yerba Buena at the time, but he was taken to a hospital in San Miguel de Tucumán the previous week due to failing health.

## InfoBox

| Antonio Domingo Bussi | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Governor of Tucumán | |
| **In office**
28 October 1995  28 October 1999 | |
| Lieutenant | Raúl Topa |
| Preceded by | Ramón Ortega |
| Succeeded by | Julio Miranda |
| Governor of Tucumán | |
| **In office**
24 March 1976  31 December 1977 | |
| Preceded by | Amado Juri |
| Succeeded by | Lino Montiel Forzano |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1926-01-17)17 January 1926
Victoria, Entre Ríos, Argentina |
| Died | 24 November 2011(2011-11-24) (aged 85)
San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán Province, Argentina |
| Political party | Republican Force |
| Spouse(s) | Josefina Beatriz Bigoglio de Bussi; 4 children |
| Profession | Career Argentine military officer (retired with rank of General) |
|  | |


abstract: The men's road race at the 1963 UCI Road World Championships was the 30th edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 11 August 1963 in Ronse, Belgium. The race was won by Benoni Beheyt of Belgium.

text:
# 1963 UCI Road World Championships – Men's road race

The **men's road race** at the **1963 UCI Road World Championships** was the 30th edition of the event. The race took place on Sunday 11 August 1963 in Ronse, Belgium. The race was won by Benoni Beheyt of Belgium.

## Final classification

| **General classification (1–10)**  Rank Rider Time  Benoni Beheyt (BEL) 7h 25' 26"  Rik Van Looy (BEL) \+ 0"  Jo de Haan (NED) \+ 0"  4  André Darrigade (FRA) \+ 0"  5  Raymond Poulidor (FRA) \+ 0"  6  Gilbert Desmet (BEL) \+ 0"  7  Jan Janssen (NED) \+ 0"  8  Franco Cribiori (ITA) \+ 0"  9  Jean Stablinski (FRA) \+ 0"  10  Sigi Renz (FRG) \+ 0" |
| --- |

## InfoBox

Men's Individual Road Race
| 1963 UCI Road World Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Beheyt beating Van Looy on the finish line | |
| Race details | |
| Dates | 11 August 1963 |
| Stages | 1 |
| Distance | 278.8 km (173.2 mi) |
| Winning time | 7h 25' 26" |
| Results | |
| Winner  Benoni Beheyt (BEL)  (Belgium)  Second  Rik Van Looy (BEL)  (Belgium)  Third  Jo de Haan (NED)  (Netherlands) | |
|


abstract: Especially for You is the first full-length album from New Jersey–based rock band The Smithereens, released in July 1986 by Enigma Records. The album is notable for the hit "Blood and Roses", which has been featured in multiple movie and TV productions. Producer Don Dixon's co-production work on R.E.M.'s Murmur and Reckoning albums added attention to the record's initial release. Two of its songs became hits on Billboard's Album Rock Tracks chart: "Blood and Roses" reached No. 14, while "Behind the Wall of Sleep" peaked at No. 23. The album reached No. 51 on the US Billboard 200 as well as No. 5 on the UK Indie Chart. It was certified platinum in the US for sales over 1,000,000 copies. The album today is highly regarded by most critics, and was one of Kurt Cobain's favorite albums, as noted in his journal.

text:
# Especially for You (The Smithereens album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| Robert Christgau | B− |
| *Rolling Stone* |  |

***Especially for You*** is the first full-length album from New Jersey–based rock band The Smithereens, released in July 1986 by Enigma Records.

The album is notable for the hit "Blood and Roses", which has been featured in multiple movie and TV productions. Producer Don Dixon's co-production work on R.E.M.'s *Murmur* and *Reckoning* albums added attention to the record's initial release. Two of its songs became hits on *Billboard'*s Album Rock Tracks chart: "Blood and Roses" reached No. 14, while "Behind the Wall of Sleep" peaked at No. 23. The album reached No. 51 on the US *Billboard* 200 as well as No. 5 on the UK Indie Chart. It was certified platinum in the US for sales over 1,000,000 copies. The album today is highly regarded by most critics, and was one of Kurt Cobain's favorite albums, as noted in his journal.

## Background

On April 5, 1985, the Smithereens booked themselves into the Record Plant in New York City and recorded five songs: "Blood and Roses", "Behind the Wall of Sleep", "Cigarette", "Crazy Mixed-Up Kid" and "Alone at Midnight". "All in one evening", according to drummer Dennis Diken. The plan was to shop the finished tapes to all the major and minor labels in the hope of securing a deal. Guitarist Jim Babjak: "After we completed the recordings, we submitted these songs to practically every label out there and were rejected by all except for a small label in California called Enigma." Don Dixon, who had co-produced the first two R.E.M. albums, was selected to produce the album. "We touched up the songs that were in the can and recorded another batch to fill out the album at the Record Plant", Babjak said. Recording and mixing took about 10 days in December 1985, with everything wrapping up on New Year's Eve. Enigma released *Especially for You* in July 1986. Lead vocalist Pat DiNizio: "This was like a greatest hits album from a band nobody’s heard of because we’d had those songs for five years."

## Songs

* "Strangers When We Meet" – to songwriter Pat DiNizio, the song was his attempt to rewrite the Beach Boys' "Don't Worry Baby", "but in the end it turned into something else altogether", he said. The title was taken from the 1960 film of the same name and the lyrics were directly inspired by the plot. Written in 1984 and considered by the band as the main "pop hit single" candidate on the album.
* "Groovy Tuesday" – A recently written song, co-written by DiNizio, Steve Forbert and Mark Johnson. Forbert: "Pat DiNizio and I and Mark Johnson, we were drinking and hanging out and wanted to write something just really off the wall, kind of goofy. We were talking about psychedelic groups like The Flower Pot Men and The Chocolate Watchband and we just wanted to make up a song." Inspired by a listen to *The Who Sell Out*, the three songwriters picked up guitars and wrote the song. At one point "Groovy Tuesday" was set to be the title of the album.
* "Cigarette" – Written in May 1984 on a train from Stockholm to Amsterdam the day after the Smithereens' first Scandinavian tour ended. DiNizio: "I was feeling lonely and disoriented and homesick, looking out the train window ... This was right around the time that cigarette smoking became extremely unpopular in the United States. But everyone we met in Europe seemed to be happily smoking their brains out! I remembered seeing films that celebrated the romance of the cigarette by showing a couple in bed sharing a smoke after sleeping together, or the actor Charles Boyer putting two cigarettes in his mouth and lighting them both at the same time and then handing one to his lover. That's what the song is about, really."
* "I Don't Want to Lose You" – DiNizio: "Some of the first songs I wrote, while charming, are not great compositions. It’s someone learning how to write songs. Yet some of the songs—in fact my first composition, "I Don’t Want to Lose You" wound up on *Especially for You* and a lot of folks like that song."
* "Time and Time Again" – One of the first songs DiNizio wrote, "definitely under the influence of early Lennon-McCartney", he said. "The main riff obviously owes a lot to "Oh, Pretty Woman" by the great Roy Orbison, although it took me years to recognize it!" The band's first recording of the song was a 1980 demo.
* "Behind the Wall of Sleep" – Lyrics written by DiNizio on the back of a cocktail napkin on a flight home from Boston to New York City. The Smithereens had shared a bill with the Boston band The Bristols, whose bassist Kim Ernst had caught DiNizio's attention. DiNizio: "My crush on her led me to write that on a very hung-over morning after a party in Boston." The lyrics include references to 1960s model Jean Shrimpton ("She had hair like Jeannie Shrimpton back in 1965") and Rolling Stone Bill Wyman ("She held a bass guitar and she was playing in a band/And she stood just like Bill Wyman/Now I am her biggest fan"). At the time, DiNizio didn't give a lot of thought to the pop imagery in the lyrics, but it "seemed to create a certain interest later on", he said in 1995. The melody came to DiNizio at the same time: "I’m singing the thing to myself for the whole flight, like a mantra, so I don’t forget it. Then I get stuck in traffic for two hours and I’m nearly losing my mind, because I knew I had a good song."
* "In a Lonely Place" – Musically, the song is an homage to the work of Brazilian songwriter Antônio Carlos Jobim, composer of "The Girl from Ipanema". DiNizio tried unsuccessfully to get samba and bossa nova singer Astrud Gilberto to sing on it, but ended up recording the song with Suzanne Vega, whom he knew from when they worked together at an office. It was the only song on the album that hadn't yet been played live. DiNizio had brought this new song into the studio as the band were completing the basic track sessions for the album. It was recorded with no rehearsal at the 11th hour. The song takes its title from the 1950 film noir of the same name, starring Humphrey Bogart and Gloria Grahame, and its pre-chorus lyrics are largely adapted from key lines of dialogue in the film; at one point, Bogart's character says, "I was born when she kissed me. I died when she left me. I lived a few weeks while she loved me," while in the film's climactic scene, Grahame's character says, "Yesterday, this would've meant so much to us. Now it doesn't matter... it doesn't matter at all." The relevant lyrics are: "I was born the day I met you/Lived a while when you loved me/Died a little when we broke apart//Yesterday, it would have mattered/Now today, it doesn't mean a thing/All my hopes and dreams are shattered now."
* "Blood and Roses" – DiNizio: "I was walking home from my job as soundman at NYC's legendary Folk City nightclub through the freezing rain at about four in the morning when the bass line came to me, the chords and melody came later built around the bass part." Lyrically, the song is about a girl DiNizio knew in highschool, who took her own life. The title was taken from a short story of the same name by the Japanese writer Yukio Mishima, a literary hero of DiNizio's. "I found out years later that *Blood and Roses* was also the title of an obscure early 1960s horror film directed by Roger Vadim", DiNizio said.
* "Hand of Glory" – Written by Jimmy Silva, a friend of the band, who recorded his own version of the song on his album *Remnants of the Empty Set* in 1986 featuring Dennis Diken on drums. DiNizio explained that it was "the type of song that had a lot of energy live and it always went over great, and we thought we'd give it a shot in the studio, and it wound up on the album."
* "Alone at Midnight" – DiNizio: "I couldn’t get a handle on it. It literally took three years to write the song".
* "White Castle Blues" – Written by Jim Babjak and high school friend Bob Banta in 1977 as an ode to late night cravings for White Castle hamburgers. With some leftover studio time, the band decided to record "the hamburger song", as it was referred to by producer Don Dixon. It was recorded live in the studio in one take, featuring Babjak on lead vocals and Marshall Crenshaw on six-string bass. The band's label, Enigma, decided to include the song as a bonus track on the CD version of the album. Babjak: "It doesn't really belong on the record but it ended up on the record. As a result my friend Bob Banta, who wrote the lyrics and myself who wrote the music ended up in the White Castle Hall of Fame because of the song." The song became a concert favorite for the band, often appearing as an encore.
* "Mr. Eliminator" – Written by Dick Dale. Adapted for the band's live shows and recorded in one take.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Pat DiNizio except where noted

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Strangers When We Meet" |  | 3:46 |
| 2. | "Listen to Me Girl" |  | 3:00 |
| 3. | "Groovy Tuesday" | Pat DiNizio, Steve Forbert, Mark Johnson | 2:39 |
| 4. | "Cigarette" |  | 2:31 |
| 5. | "I Don't Want to Lose You" |  | 3:21 |
| 6. | "Time and Time Again" |  | 3:09 |
| 7. | "Behind the Wall of Sleep" |  | 3:23 |
| 8. | "In a Lonely Place" |  | 4:10 |
| 9. | "Blood and Roses" |  | 3:35 |
| 10. | "Crazy Mixed-Up Kid" |  | 2:06 |
| 11. | "Hand of Glory" | Jimmy Silva | 2:45 |
| 12. | "Alone at Midnight" |  | 3:42 |
| Total length: | | | 38:07 |

CD bonus track
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "White Castle Blues" | Jim Babjak, Robert Banta | 3:59 |
| Total length: | | | 42:06 |

1992 CD re-issue bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "White Castle Blues" | Babjak, Banta | 3:59 |
| 14. | "Mr. Eliminator" (B-side to "Blood and Roses") | Dick Dale | 2:02 |
| Total length: | | | 44:08 |

## Personnel

Credits adapted from the album's liner notes.

## Charts

## InfoBox

| Especially for You | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by The Smithereens | |
| Released | July 1986 |
| Recorded | * April 1985 * December 1985 |
| Studio | The Record Plant, New York City |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 38:07 |
| Label | Enigma |
| Producer | Don Dixon |
| The Smithereens chronology | |
| *Beauty and Sadness*
(1983) ***Especially for You***
(1986) *Green Thoughts*
(1988) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Especially for You* | |
| 1. "Blood and Roses"
Released: 1986 2. "Behind the Wall of Sleep"
Released: 1986 3. "In a Lonely Place"
Released: 1986 4. "Strangers When We Meet"
Released: 1987 | |
|  | |


title: 1983 German motorcycle Grand Prix

abstract: The 1983 German motorcycle Grand Prix was the fourth round of the 1983 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 6–8 May 1983 at the Hockenheimring.

text:
# 1983 German motorcycle Grand Prix

The **1983 German motorcycle Grand Prix** was the fourth round of the 1983 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of 6–8 May 1983 at the Hockenheimring.

## Classification

### 500 cc

| Pos. | Rider | Team | Machine | Time/Retired | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Kenny Roberts** | **Marlboro Agostini-Yamaha** | **YZR500** | 32'54.400 | **15** |
| 2 | **Takazumi Katayama** | **HRC-Honda** | **NS500** | +7.370 | **12** |
| 3 | **Marco Lucchinelli** | **HRC-Honda** | **NS500** | +8.310 | **10** |
| 4 | **Freddie Spencer** | **HRC-Honda** | **NS500** | +14.220 | **8** |
| 5 | **Franco Uncini** | **HB Gallina-Suzuki** | **RG500** | +23.860 | **6** |
| 6 | **Marc Fontan** | **Sonauto Gauloises-Yamaha** | **YZR500** | +24.800 | **5** |
| 7 | **Raymond Roche** | **Moto Club Paul Ricard** | **NS500** | +26.640 | **4** |
| 8 | **Randy Mamola** | **HB Sinclair-Suzuki** | **RG500** | +26.820 | **3** |
| 9 | **Eddie Lawson** | **Marlboro Agostini Yamaha** | **YZR500** | +37.870 | **2** |
| 10 | **Boet van Dulmen** | **Shell Nederland-Suzuki** | **RG500** | +38.450 | **1** |
| 11 | Jack Middelburg | Stichting Ned-Honda | RS500 | +40.630 |  |
| 12 | Leandro Becheroni |  | RG500 | +57.830 |  |
| 13 | Gianni Pelletier | Hirt Giapauto-Honda | RS500 | +1'01.060 |  |
| 14 | Walter Magliorati | Moto Club Carate | RG500 | +1'18.940 |  |
| 15 | Peter Sjöström | Jeb’s Helmet Sweden | RG500 | +1'22.430 |  |
| 16 | Gustav Reiner |  | RG500 | +1'32.500 |  |
| 17 | Keith Huewen | Heron-Suzuki | RG500 | +1'23.620 |  |
| 18 | Steve Parrish | Mitsui-Yamaha | YZR500 | +1'37.010 |  |
| 19 | Ernst Gschwender | MO Motul Racing Team | RG500 | +1'46.700 |
| 20 | Andreas Hofmann |  | RG500 | +1'47.150 |  |
| 21 | Wolfgang von Muralt |  | RG500 | +2'06.400 |  |
| 22 | Fabio Biliotti | Moto Club Condor | RS500 | +2'10.520 |  |
| 23 | Philippe Coulon | Marlboro-Suzuki | RG500 | +2'12.800 |  |
| 24 | Henk de Vries | Henk de Vries Motoren | RG500 | +2'17.800 |  |
| 25 | Chris Guy |  | RG500 | +2'20.590 |  |
| 26 | Dave Dean |  | RG500 | +2'27.580 |  |
| 27 | Wolfgang Schwarz | ES Motorradzubeh Racing Team | RG500 | +2'29.920 |  |
| 28 | Corrado Tuzii | Beton Bloc Racing | RS500 | +2'30.960 |  |
| 29 | Paolo Ferretti |  | RS500 | +3'06.210 |  |
| 30 | Stuart Avant |  | RG500 | +1 lap |  |
| 31 | Marco Greco |  | RG500 | +1 lap |
| 32 | Alain Rothlisberger |  | YZR500 | +1 lap |  |
| 33 | Peter Huber |  | RG500 | +1 lap |  |
| 34 | Dennis Ireland |  | RG500 | +1 lap |  |
| 35 | Dieter Klopfer |  | DIKO | +2 laps |  |
| Ret | Barry Sheene | Heron-Suzuki | RG500 | Retired |  |
| Ret | Ron Haslam | HRC-Honda | NS500 | Retired |  |
| Ret | Harry Heutmekers |  | RG500 | Retired |  |
| Ret | Virginio Ferrari | Cagiva | GP500 | Retired |  |
| Ret | Sergio Pellandini | Carimati-Pezzani Racing | RG500 | Retired |  |
| Ret | Walter Hoffmann | Deutsche Tecalemit | RG500 | Retired |  |
| Ret | Gerhard Treusch | ES Motorradzubeh Racing Team | RG500 | Retired |  |
| Ret | Alfons Ammerschläger | Skoal Bandit Heron Suzuki | RG500 | Retired |  |
| Ret | Klaus Klein | Dieter Braun Team | RG500 | Retired |  |
| Ret | Franz Kaserer |  | RG500 | Retired |  |
| Ret | Jean Lafond |  | RG500 | Retired |  |
| Ret | Børge Nielsen |  | RG500 | Retired |  |
| Ret | Glenn Williams |  | YZR500 | Retired |  |
| DNS | Didier de Radiguès | Team Johnson Elf | RS500 | Did not start |  |
| Sources: | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

1983 German Grand Prix
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Race 4 of 12 races in the<br>1983 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season | |
|  | |
| Date | 8 May 1983 |
| Official name | Großer Preis von Deutschland |
| Location | Hockenheimring |
| Course | * Permanent racing facility * 6.789 km (4.218 mi) |
| 500cc | |
| Pole position  Rider  Freddie Spencer  Time  2:08.660  Fastest lap  Rider  Takazumi Katayama  Time  2:10.480  Podium  First  Kenny Roberts  Second  Takazumi Katayama  Third  Marco Lucchinelli | |
| 250cc | |
| Pole position  Rider  Jacques Cornu  Time  2:20.100  Fastest lap  Rider  Carlos Lavado  Time  2:23.610  Podium  First  Carlos Lavado  Second  Patrick Fernandez  Third  Didier de Radiguès | |
| 125cc | |
| Pole position  Rider  Eugenio Lazzarini  Time  2:27.760  Fastest lap  Rider  Ángel Nieto  Time  2:26.000  Podium  First  Ángel Nieto  Second  Eugenio Lazzarini  Third  Pier Paolo Bianchi | |
| 50cc | |
| Pole position  Rider  Stefan Dörflinger  Time  2:47.730  Fastest lap  Rider  Stefan Dörflinger  Time  2:46.050  Podium  First  Stefan Dörflinger  Second  Eugenio Lazzarini  Third  Gerhard Bauer | |


title: 1939 Singapore Open

abstract: The 1939 Singapore Open, also known as the 1939 Singapore Badminton Championships, took place from 13 August – 5 November 1939 at the Clerical Union Hall in Balestier, Singapore. The ties were played over a few months with the first round ties being played on the 13th of August and the last been played on 5 November. There was no women's doubles competition due to the lack of entries.

text:
# 1939 Singapore Open

The **1939 Singapore Open**, also known as the **1939 Singapore Badminton Championships**, took place from 13 August – 5 November 1939 at the Clerical Union Hall in Balestier, Singapore. The ties were played over a few months with the first round ties being played on the 13th of August and the last (men's doubles final) been played on 5 November. There was no women's doubles competition due to the lack of entries.

## Final results

| Category | Winners | Runners-up | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's singles | Wong Peng Soon | S. A. Durai | 15–6, 15–11 |
| Women's singles | Waileen Wong | Alice Pennefather | 10–12, 11–3, 11–6 |
| Men's doubles | Wee Boon Hai & Wong Chong Teck | Wong Peng Nam & Wong Peng Soon | 21–7, 8–21, 21–15 |
| Mixed doubles | Wong Peng Soon & Waileen Wong | Tan Chong Tee & Lee Shao Meng | 21–12, 21–3 |

## InfoBox

1939 Singapore Open
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 13 August 1939–
5 November 1939 |
| Edition | 11th |
| Venue | Clerical Union Hall |
| Location | Balestier, Singapore |
| Champions | |
| Men's singles | Wong Peng Soon |
| Women's singles | Waileen Wong |
| Men's doubles | Wee Boon Hai
Wong Chong Teck |
| Mixed doubles | Wong Peng Soon
Waileen Wong |
| 1938 1940 | |


title: 1961 Mexican legislative election

text:
# 1961 Mexican legislative election

Legislative elections were held in Mexico on 2 July 1961. The Institutional Revolutionary Party won 172 of the 178 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.

## Results

| Party | | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Institutional Revolutionary Party | 6,178,434 | 90.25 | 172 | +19 |
|  | National Action Party | 518,652 | 7.58 | 5 | –1 |
|  | Popular Socialist Party | 65,143 | 0.95 | 1 | 0 |
|  | Authentic Party of the Mexican Revolution | 33,671 | 0.49 | 0 | –1 |
|  | Mexican National Party | 19,082 | 0.28 | 0 | –1 |
|  | Non-registered candidates | 30,844 | 0.45 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | | 6,845,826 | 100.00 | 178 | +16 |
|  | | | | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 10,004,696 |  |  | |
| Source: Nohlen | | | | | |


title: Antonio Diziani

abstract: Antonio Diziani was an Italian painter of the 18th century, active mainly in painting vedute or landscapes and vistas of Venice. His father, Gaspare Diziani, was a prominent rococo artist who painted canvases and decorative frescoes, but Antonio was more strongly influenced by Francesco Zuccarelli and Giuseppe Zais. He was a contemporary of Canaletto. In 1774 he was elected a member of the Painting and Sculpture Academy in Venice.

text:
# Antonio Diziani

**Antonio Diziani** (9 February 1737  23 June 1797) was an Italian painter of the 18th century, active mainly in painting vedute or landscapes and vistas of Venice.

His father, Gaspare Diziani, was a prominent rococo artist who painted canvases and decorative frescoes, but Antonio was more strongly influenced by Francesco Zuccarelli and Giuseppe Zais. He was a contemporary of Canaletto. In 1774 he was elected a member of the Painting and Sculpture Academy in Venice.


title: Emil Costinescu

abstract: Emil Costinescu was a Romanian economist, businessman and politician. Born in Iași, Costinescu was the self-taught son of the architect and engineer Alexandru Costinescu, professor at the Academia Mihăileană and later the director of the School of Bridges and Roads, Mines and Architecture in Bucharest. He was influenced by the reformist ideals of the time in which he was growing up, as expounded by figures such as C. A. Rosetti, Cezar Bolliac and Mihail Kogălniceanu. In 1862, he was hired as proofreader at Rosetti's Românul. He advanced to editor in 1866 and led the newspaper during the founder's exile. A member of the National Liberal Party, he was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1876, and in 1880 was a co-founder of the National Bank of Romania. In 1897, he became the founding president of the General Bank of Bucharest, one of the country's largest. He opened a sawmill in Sinaia, and sat on the board of a petroleum company. Costinescu was Finance Minister three times: July 1902-December 1904, March 1907-December 1910 and January 1914-December 1916. An economic protectionist, he supported a customs tariff in the belief that it would spur the development of domestic industry. Introduced in 1904, this measure lasted until 1924. Also, as early as 1887, he spoke in favor of an income tax. In late 1909, he introduced a bill in parliament that would have established such a tax; the proposal failed. At the end of his third term, in the midst of World War I, he was involved in the decision to send the Romanian Treasure to Russia for safekeeping. Costinescu remained in the wartime government as Minister without portfolio from December 1916 to July 1917. After the war, he took part in the Romanian delegation to the Paris Peace Conference as a financial expert. The Black Sea resort of Costinești is named after Costinescu, who purchased a 200-hectare estate from Vasile Kogălniceanu. He found an arid, treeless landscape, inviting German colonists to settle and work the land.

text:
# Emil Costinescu

**Emil Costinescu** (March 12, 1844July 6, 1921) was a Romanian economist, businessman and politician.

Born in Iași, Costinescu was the self-taught son of the architect and engineer Alexandru Costinescu, professor at the Academia Mihăileană and later the director of the School of Bridges and Roads, Mines and Architecture in Bucharest. He was influenced by the reformist ideals of the time in which he was growing up, as expounded by figures such as C. A. Rosetti, Cezar Bolliac and Mihail Kogălniceanu. In 1862, he was hired as proofreader at Rosetti's *Românul*. He advanced to editor in 1866 and led the newspaper during the founder's exile. A member of the National Liberal Party, he was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1876, and in 1880 was a co-founder of the National Bank of Romania. In 1897, he became the founding president of the General Bank of Bucharest, one of the country's largest. He opened a sawmill in Sinaia, and sat on the board of a petroleum company.

Costinescu was Finance Minister three times: July 1902-December 1904, March 1907-December 1910 and January 1914-December 1916. An economic protectionist, he supported a customs tariff in the belief that it would spur the development of domestic industry. Introduced in 1904, this measure lasted until 1924. Also, as early as 1887, he spoke in favor of an income tax. In late 1909, he introduced a bill in parliament that would have established such a tax; the proposal failed. At the end of his third term, in the midst of World War I, he was involved in the decision to send the Romanian Treasure to Russia for safekeeping. Costinescu remained in the wartime government as Minister without portfolio from December 1916 to July 1917. After the war, he took part in the Romanian delegation to the Paris Peace Conference as a financial expert.

The Black Sea resort of Costinești is named after Costinescu, who purchased a 200-hectare estate from Vasile Kogălniceanu. He found an arid, treeless landscape, inviting German colonists to settle and work the land.


title: Anna Kernkamp

abstract: Anna "Anny" Kernkamp was a Belgian artist.

text:
# Anna Kernkamp

**Anna "Anny" Kernkamp** (18 June 1868 – 9 February 1947) was a Belgian artist.

## Biography

Anna was born on 18 June 1868 in Antwerp as Anna Catharina Schenck. There she studied with the painter Henri Rul. She went on to study with Ernest Blanc-Garin in Brussels. In 1887 she married Johann Heinrich (Henri) Kernkamp, from Edam, Netherlands. She started painting after the wedding and thus signed her work "Anny Kernkamp". As a result of her painting Anna suffered from an eye disease, which forced her to stop painting around 1913. She died on 9 February 1947 in Brasschaat.

## Work

Anna Kernkamp painted still lifes and landscapes in an Impressionistic style. She was a member of the Mechelen artist association "De Distel". She described her work as "open air impressionism". During her life, Anna exhibited several times, a.o. in Liège (1902), Antwerp (1904, 1908) and Athens (1904, where she received an international prize).

## InfoBox

| Anna Kernkamp | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1868-06-18)18 June 1868
Antwerp, Belgium |
| Died | 9 February 1947(1947-02-09) (aged 78)
Brasschaat, Belgium |
| Nationality | Belgian |
| Other names | Anna Catharina Kernkamp-Schenck |
| Known for | Painting |


title: Fitovinany

abstract: Fitovinany is a region located in southeast Madagascar. Its capital is Manakara. It is inhabited by the Antemoro people. It formerly belonged to the region Vatovavy-Fitovinany that was split on 16 June 2021 to become the regions Vatovavy and Fitovinany. The region extends along the southern part of the east coast of Madagascar. It is bordered by Vatovavy (North), Haute Matsiatra (West) and Atsimo-Atsinanana (South).

text:
# Fitovinany

**Fitovinany** is a region located in southeast Madagascar. Its capital is Manakara. It is inhabited by the Antemoro people.

It formerly belonged to the region **Vatovavy-Fitovinany** that was split on 16 June 2021 to become the regions Vatovavy and **Fitovinany**.

The region extends along the southern part of the east coast of Madagascar. It is bordered by Vatovavy (North), Haute Matsiatra (West) and Atsimo-Atsinanana (South).

## Administrative divisions

Fitovinany Region is divided into three districts, which are sub-divided into 76 communes.

## Economy

Fitovinany produces 1/3 of the coffee that is produced in Madagascar. It is also wellknown for its honey production and it is rich in mineral ressources.

## Transportation

### Roads

The National Road 12 from Irondro (intersection with RN 25) over Manakara to Vangaindrano.

## Protected areas

22°08′42″S 48°00′36″E / 22.14500°S 48.01000°E / -22.14500; 48.01000

## InfoBox

| Fitovinany | |
| --- | --- |
| Region | |
| Location in Madagascar | |
| Country | Madagascar |
| Capital | Manakara |
| Government | |
| Gouveneur | Lucien Laurel Razafitsotra |
| Area | |
| Total | 19,605 km2 (7,570 sq mi) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 730,207 |
| Density | 37/km2 (96/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC3 (EAT) |


title: Ashwani Kumar Bansal

abstract: Ashwani Kumar Bansal was an Indian legal educational administrator. He was Vice-Chancellor of two Universities Maharaja Surajmal Brij University and Raj Rishi Bhartrihari Matsya University.

text:
# Ashwani Kumar Bansal

**Ashwani Kumar Bansal** was an Indian legal educational administrator. He was Vice-Chancellor of two Universities Maharaja Surajmal Brij University and Raj Rishi Bhartrihari Matsya University.

## Career

He previously worked at University of Delhi. He started BA.LLB and BBA.LLB in Maharaja Surajmal Brij University, in Bharatpur, Rajasthan in 2018. He also introduced MSB Law Journal in 2018.

## Books

* Bansal, Ashwani Kumar. *Book on Copyright law of India* (2014 ed.).
* Bansal, Ashwani Kumar. *Law of Trade Marks in India* (2013 ed.). Thomson Reuter, 3rd edition. ISBN 978-9381082942.
* Bansal, Ashwani Kumar (2012). *Designs Law* (2012 ed.). Universal Law Publishing Co, Delhi. ISBN 978-9350351642.
* Bansal, Ashwani Kumar (2012). *International Commercial Arbitration Practice & Procedure Enforcement of Foreign Awards* (2009 ed.). Universal Law Publishing - An imprint of LexisNexis (2012). ISBN 978-9350351291.

## InfoBox

| Ashwani Kumar Bansal | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1951-11-04) 4 November 1951 |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Occupation | Professor, Vice-Chancellor |
| Profession | Teaching, Administration |
|  | |


title: 2002–03 Luxembourg Cup (ice hockey)

abstract: The 2002–03 Luxembourg Cup was the 10th playing of the Luxembourg Cup ice hockey tournament. Six teams participated in the tournament, which was won by Tornado Luxembourg.

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# 2002–03 Luxembourg Cup (ice hockey)

The **2002–03 Luxembourg Cup** was the 10th playing of the Luxembourg Cup ice hockey tournament. Six teams participated in the tournament, which was won by Tornado Luxembourg.

## Final standings

|  | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF–GA | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Tornado Luxembourg | 10 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 119:41 | **16** |
| 2. | EV Bitburg | 10 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 97:55 | **14** |
| 3. | Galaxians d'Amnéville II | 10 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 59:77 | **11** |
| 4. | EHC Zweibrücken II | 10 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 65:76 | **8** |
| 5. | Rapids Remich | 10 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 58:73 | **7** |
| 6. | EHC Trier II | 10 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 43:109 | **4** |


title: Especially for You (Duane Eddy album)

abstract: Especially for You is the second album by guitarist Duane Eddy. It was released in 1959. Unlike most albums of the time, it was not built around singles but was a collection of originals and cover material that featured Eddy's guitar playing.

text:
# Especially for You (Duane Eddy album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Especially for You*** is the second album by guitarist Duane Eddy. It was released in 1959. Unlike most albums of the time, it was not built around singles but was a collection of originals and cover material that featured Eddy's guitar playing.

## Track listing

All songs written by Duane Eddy and Lee Hazlewood unless noted

1. "Peter Gunn" (Henry Mancini) – 2:30
2. "Only Child" – 3:34
3. "Lover" (Lorenz Hart, Richard Rodgers) – 1:41
4. "Fuzz" – 2:20
5. "Yep!" – 2:14
6. "Along the Navajo Trail" (Dick Charles, Eddie DeLange, Larry Markes) – 2:36
7. "Just Because" (Sydney Robin, Joe Shelton, Bob Shelton) – 2:42
8. "Quiniela" – 5:02
9. "Trouble in Mind" (Richard M. Jones) – 1:51
10. "Tuxedo Junction" (Julian Dash, Buddy Feyne, Erskine Hawkins, William Johnson) – 2:43
11. "Hard Times" (Noble "Thin Man" Watts) – 2:58
12. "Along Came Linda" (Eddy) – 2:34

* 2000 re-release bonus tracks

1. "Only Child" \[alternate take\] – 2:55
2. "Yep!" \[alternate take\] – 3:04
3. "St. James" – 5:08
4. "Some Kind-a Earthquake" \[alternate take\] – 1:47
5. "First Love, First Tears" – 2:11

## Personnel

### Technical

## Chart positions

| Year | Title | U.S. Billboard 200 | UK Albums Chart | Label and catalogue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1958 | *Especially for You* | 24 | 6 | Jamie JLPS-3006 |

### Singles

| Year | Titles
Both sides from that album except where indicated | Chart positions | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Billboard | Cashbox | UK |
| 1959 | "Yep!"
b/w "Three-30-Blues" (from Have "Twangy" Guitar Will Travel) | 30 | 27 | 17 |
| 1960 | "Peter Gunn"
b/w "Along the Navajo Trail" | 27 | 26 | 6 |
|

## InfoBox

| Especially for You | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Duane Eddy | |
| Released | May 1959 |
| Recorded | March 13–20, 1959 |
| Studio | Audio Recorders, Phoenix, Arizona |
| Genre | Instrumental rock |
| Length | 47:50 |
| Label | Jamie |
| Producer | Lee Hazlewood, Lester Sill |
| Duane Eddy chronology | |
| *Have 'Twangy' Guitar Will Travel*
(1958) ***Especially for You***
(1959) *The "Twangs" the "Thang"*
(1959) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Especially for You* | |
| 1. "Yep!"
Released: March 1959 2. "Peter Gunn"
Released: June 1959 (UK)
September 1960 (US) | |
|  | |


title: Bajawada

abstract: Bajawada is a village and a Panchayat in Dewas district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Bajawada Village is a major agricultural production area in Madhya Pradesh. Earlier, Harngaon was called Harigarh.As of 2001 India census,

text:
# Bajawada

**Bajawada** is a village and a Panchayat in Dewas district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. Bajawada Village is a major agricultural production area in Madhya Pradesh. Earlier, Harngaon was called Harigarh.As of 2001 India census,

## InfoBox

| Bajawada Village | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| Bajawada VillageLocation in Madhya Pradesh, IndiaBajawada VillageBajawada Village (India) | |
| Coordinates: 22°29′42″N 76°55′42″E / 22.49509440492354°N 76.92836447327572°E / 22.49509440492354; 76.92836447327572 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Madhya Pradesh |
| District | Dewas |
| Government | |
| MLA | Ashish Sharma (BJP) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 455336 |
| Telephone code | 07274 |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-MP |
| Vehicle registration | MP-41 |


title: Eric Stefanson

abstract: Eric Stefanson is a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the cabinet of Progressive Conservative Premier Gary Filmon from 1991 to 1999, and was a member of the Manitoba Legislature from 1990 to 2000. His father, also named Eric Stefanson, was a Progressive Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1958 to 1968. Stefanson was born in Gimli, Manitoba, and was educated at the University of Manitoba. He later practiced as a chartered accountant. Stefanson was a member of the Winnipeg city council from 1982 to 1989 for the St. Charles riding, serving as Chair of the Finance Committee from 1984 to 1986 and Deputy Mayor from 1986 to 1988. In the 1990 provincial election, Stefanson was elected to the provincial legislature in the upscale west Winnipeg riding of Kirkfield Park, defeating Liberal Jason McKee by over 2000 votes. On February 5, 1991, he was appointed Minister of Industry, Trade and Tourism with responsibility for the Development Corporation Act, Sport, Fitness and Amateur Sport and the Boxing and Wrestling Commission Act. On September 10, 1993, Stefanson was promoted to Minister of Finance and Chair of the Treasury Board. Stefanson was easily re-elected in the 1995 provincial election, defeating Liberal Vic Wieler by over 3000 votes. On May 9, 1995, he was relieved of the Treasury Board portfolio and given responsibility for the Manitoba Lotteries Corporation Act. On January 6, 1997, he was again given responsibility for the Boxing and Wrestling Commission Act and the Fitness and Amateur Sport Act. In a cabinet shuffle on February 5, 1999, Stefanson was appointed Minister of Health and Deputy Premier, also retaining responsibilities of the Boxing/Wrestling Commission and Fitness/Amateur Sport Acts. He scored another easy victory in the 1999 provincial election, but the Progressive Conservative party was defeated by the NDP at the provincial level and Stefanson moved into opposition. Although touted by many as a possible party leader after the resignation of Gary Filmon, he decided not to run for the position. On September 7, 2000, Stefanson resigned from the legislature to provide a seat for the party's incoming leader, Stuart Murray. During his time in government, Stefanson was one of the most powerful ministers in Gary Filmon's cabinet. He presided over a series of balanced budgets, achieved at the cost of considerable cuts in public funding for various programs. In 1998, Stefanson was accused by some of exercising undue ministerial influence in the appointment of his brother, Tom, as CEO of Manitoba Telecom Services; no formal charges of impropriety were made, however. In 2000, he supported Tom Long for the leadership of the Canadian Alliance party. From 2004 to 2009, Stefanson was a regional managing partner for BDO Dunwoody. In January 2007, he was appointed by federal transport minister Lawrence Cannon to the board of directors of Via Rail Canada.

text:
# Eric Stefanson

**Eric Stefanson** (born October 24, 1950) is a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the cabinet of Progressive Conservative Premier Gary Filmon from 1991 to 1999, and was a member of the Manitoba Legislature from 1990 to 2000. His father, also named Eric Stefanson, was a Progressive Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1958 to 1968.

Stefanson was born in Gimli, Manitoba, and was educated at the University of Manitoba. He later practiced as a chartered accountant. Stefanson was a member of the Winnipeg city council from 1982 to 1989 for the St. Charles riding, serving as Chair of the Finance Committee from 1984 to 1986 and Deputy Mayor from 1986 to 1988.

In the 1990 provincial election, Stefanson was elected to the provincial legislature in the upscale west Winnipeg riding of Kirkfield Park, defeating Liberal Jason McKee by over 2000 votes. On February 5, 1991, he was appointed Minister of Industry, Trade and Tourism with responsibility for the Development Corporation Act, Sport, Fitness and Amateur Sport and the Boxing and Wrestling Commission Act. On September 10, 1993, Stefanson was promoted to Minister of Finance and Chair of the Treasury Board.

Stefanson was easily re-elected in the 1995 provincial election, defeating Liberal Vic Wieler by over 3000 votes. On May 9, 1995, he was relieved of the Treasury Board portfolio and given responsibility for the Manitoba Lotteries Corporation Act (remaining Minister of Finance). On January 6, 1997, he was again given responsibility for the Boxing and Wrestling Commission Act and the Fitness and Amateur Sport Act.

In a cabinet shuffle on February 5, 1999, Stefanson was appointed Minister of Health and Deputy Premier, also retaining responsibilities of the Boxing/Wrestling Commission and Fitness/Amateur Sport Acts. He scored another easy victory in the 1999 provincial election (defeating New Democrat Dennis Kshyk by over 3000 votes), but the Progressive Conservative party was defeated by the NDP at the provincial level and Stefanson moved into opposition. Although touted by many as a possible party leader after the resignation of Gary Filmon, he decided not to run for the position. On September 7, 2000, Stefanson resigned from the legislature to provide a seat for the party's incoming leader, Stuart Murray.

During his time in government, Stefanson was one of the most powerful ministers in Gary Filmon's cabinet. He presided over a series of balanced budgets, achieved at the cost of considerable cuts in public funding for various programs. In 1998, Stefanson was accused by some of exercising undue ministerial influence in the appointment of his brother, Tom, as CEO of Manitoba Telecom Services; no formal charges of impropriety were made, however. In 2000, he supported Tom Long for the leadership of the Canadian Alliance party.

From 2004 to 2009, Stefanson was a regional managing partner for BDO Dunwoody.

In January 2007, he was appointed by federal transport minister Lawrence Cannon to the board of directors of Via Rail Canada.


title: Archaeological Museum of Mytilene

abstract: The Archaeological Museum of Mytilene is a museum in Lesbos in Greece. Initially the museum was housed in a building erected by the American Classic Studies School in 1935. Due to geological problems, the stability of the building was damaged and, in 1965, the museum's collection was partly moved to the Bournazos family mansion, originally built in 1912, which was acquired by the Ministry of Culture in the same year. However, this building had to be renovated as well, and it wasn't until 1991 that the museum took its present form and was officially inaugurated. The collection includes pieces from the late Neolithic Age until the late Roman Period.

text:
# Archaeological Museum of Mytilene

The **Archaeological Museum of Mytilene** is a museum in Lesbos in Greece. Initially the museum was housed in a building erected by the American Classic Studies School in 1935. Due to geological problems, the stability of the building was damaged and, in 1965, the museum's collection was partly moved to the Bournazos family mansion, originally built in 1912, which was acquired by the Ministry of Culture in the same year. However, this building had to be renovated as well, and it wasn't until 1991 that the museum took its present form and was officially inaugurated.

The collection includes pieces from the late Neolithic Age until the late Roman Period.

39°06′25″N 26°33′42″E / 39.1069°N 26.5617°E / 39.1069; 26.5617