title: Emon Saburō

abstract: Emon Saburō (衛門三郎) is a legendary figure of early ninth-century Japan associated with Kūkai and the Shikoku 88 temple pilgrimage.

text:
# Emon Saburō

**Emon Saburō (衛門三郎)** is a legendary figure of early ninth-century Japan associated with Kūkai and the Shikoku 88 temple pilgrimage.

## Legend

A mendicant visited the house of Emon Saburō, richest man in Shikoku, seeking alms. Emon refused, broke the pilgrim's begging bowl, and chased him away. After his eight sons fell ill and died, Emon realized that Kūkai was the affronted pilgrim and set out to seek his forgiveness. Having travelled round the island twenty times clockwise in vain, he undertook the route in reverse. Finally he collapsed exhausted and on his deathbed Kūkai appeared to grant absolution. Emon requested that he be reborn into a wealthy family in Matsuyama so that he might restore a neglected temple. Dying, he clasped a stone. Shortly afterwards a baby was born with his hand grasped tightly around a stone inscribed "Emon Saburō is reborn." When the baby grew up, he used his wealth to restore the Ishite-ji (石手寺) or "stone-hand temple", in which there is an inscription of 1567 recounting the tale.

## Monuments

Emon Saburo's grave is beside the path between Temple 11 and Temple 12, at the spot where he fell. Near Temple 46 there is a burial mound said to contain his eight sons. At Ishite-ji there is a casket containing the eponymous stone.

## Interpretation

The legend supports a number of practices of the Shikoku pilgrimage: it encourages the custom of *osettai* or alms; suggests wealth should be spent endowing temples; gives an origin for the practice of reverse circuits of the island; and promises absolution for pilgrims.


title: Arizona Daily Star Building

abstract: The Arizona Daily Star Building is a historic two-story building in Tucson, Arizona. It was designed by Alexander P. Petit in the Italianate style, and built in 1883. From 1883 to 1917, it housed the offices of the Arizona Daily Star, whose editor L. C. Hughes, later served as the governor of the Arizona Territory. The building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since February 22, 2002.

text:
# Arizona Daily Star Building

The **Arizona Daily Star Building** is a historic two-story building in Tucson, Arizona. It was designed by Alexander P. Petit in the Italianate style, and built in 1883. From 1883 to 1917, it housed the offices of the *Arizona Daily Star*, whose editor L. C. Hughes, later served as the governor of the Arizona Territory. The building has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since February 22, 2002.

Media related to Arizona Star building (Tucson, Arizona) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Arizona Daily Star Building | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| The building in 2012 | |
|  | |
| Location | 30 North Church Avenue, Tucson, Arizona |
| Coordinates | 32°13′26″N 110°58′20″W / 32.22389°N 110.97222°W / 32.22389; -110.97222 (Arizona Daily Star Building) |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Architect | Alexander P. Petit |
| Architectural style | Italianate |
| NRHP reference No. | 02000033 |
| Added to NRHP | February 22, 2002 |


title: Arif Baytın

abstract: Ismail Arif Baytın was an Ottoman Army officer and a Turkish politician. He was the commander of 29th Infantry Division at the Battle of Sarikamish.

text:
# Arif Baytın

**Ismail Arif Baytın** (Also known as **Miralay Arif Bey**) was an Ottoman Army officer and a Turkish politician. He was the commander of 29th Infantry Division at the Battle of Sarikamish.

## Biography

Baytin was a graduate of Ottoman Military College and served in the following positions: Greek Border Arbitration and Construction Command, 3rd Army Redif Squads Headquarters, Erkan-ı Harbiye District Governorate, Damascus War School Directorate and Ministry of Lessons, 3rd Army Military Officer's Office, 6th Army Corps Chief of Staff, Divan-ı Scholar Military Investigation Committee Member, 3rd Branch Directorate, 29th Division and Investigation and Classification Police Command, Muğla Transactions Assistant Director, Military Staff Historical War Department, Istanbul 6th Reconstruction and Settlement Zone Directorate and Inspectorate, Member of the Antalya Governorship, Ankara Aircraft Company Government Representative Office, Undersecretariat of the Ministry of Public Works, GNAT V. Term (By-term Election), VI. and VII. He first saw action during the Greco-Turkish War of 1897 and later he participated in the Balkan Wars defending Constantinople from the Bulgarian attack. He also commanded the Ottoman Army during World War I in the Caucasus campaign. After the First World War, he later went to Anatolia and joined the Turkish War of Independence. He was married and had two children.

## InfoBox

| Arif Baytın | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey | |
| President | Mustafa Kemal Atatürk |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1874 |
| Died | February 6, 1950 |
| Alma mater | Ottoman Military College |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Ottoman Empire |
| Branch | Ottoman Army |
| Commands | 29th Infantry Division |
| Battles/wars | World War I |
|  | |


title: Arlene Buckneberg Ydstie

abstract: Arlene Buckneberg Ydstie is an American composer, organist, and choral conductor. A native of Larson, North Dakota, she received a B.A. from Concordia College (Minnesota), where she studied choral conducting with Paul J. Christiansen. She married Richard Ydstie on December 21, 1952. After her marriage, Arlene Ydstie studied composition at Central Washington State University, taught singing in Benton City, Washington, and was the church organist and choir director at Richland Lutheran Church in Richland, Washington. Her compositions include:

text:
# Arlene Buckneberg Ydstie

**Arlene Buckneberg Ydstie** (born April 28, 1928) is an American composer, organist, and choral conductor. A native of Larson, North Dakota, she received a B.A. from Concordia College (Minnesota), where she studied choral conducting with Paul J. Christiansen. She married Richard Ydstie on December 21, 1952.

After her marriage, Arlene Ydstie studied composition at Central Washington State University, taught singing in Benton City, Washington, and was the church organist and choir director at Richland Lutheran Church in Richland, Washington.

Her compositions include:

## Musical Theatre

* (The) Case of the Counterfeit Santa (1984)
* Christopher Columbus (1982)
* Return of the Star (1983)
* Town Hall Christmas Tree
* (The) Burly Crew (1985)

## Vocal

* As Heaven's Rain (choir 1977)
* As You Come and Go (SAB; 1979)
* Down the Aisle Country Style (women's choir; 1977)
* Erie Canal Boogie (women's choir; 1977)
* Family of God (choir; 1978)
* Five Loaves and Two Little Fishes (1977)
* Hosanna Today (women's choir; 1976)
* How Many Ways (choir; 1977)
* I Sing of a Maiden (1982)
* If There's a Song (choir or women's choir; 1975)
* If You Need a Friend (1981)
* Little Samuel (women's choir; 1977)
* Make Your Own World (women's choir; 1974)
* Many Generation Ago (1981)
* Moses Smote the Rock (1984)
* My Valley (choir; 1977)
* Ready or Not, Here He Comes (women's choir; 1977)
* Serendipity (SA; 1979)
* Sermon on the Mount (cantata; 1978)
* Somewhere There's a Song (choir; 1980)
* Song of the Shepherds (choir; also arranged for TTBB or SSA; 1974)
* Ten Generations Ago (bicentennial pageant; 1976)
* There is a Treasure (choir; 1982)
* To Be or Not to Be (choir; 1974)
* Walk to Me, Jesus (1976)

1. Heinrich, Adel. (1991). *Organ and harpsichord music by women composers : an annotated catalog*. New York: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-38790-6. OCLC 650307517.
2. "Buckneberg-Ydstie". *The Concordian*. **XXXXIII** (12). 11 January 1952.
3. Cohen, Aaron I. (1987). *International encyclopedia of women composers* (Second edition, revised and enlarged ed.). New York. ISBN 0-9617485-2-4. OCLC 16714846.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
4. Office, Library of Congress Copyright (1976). *Catalog of Copyright Entries: Third series*.


title: Emperor of America

abstract: Emperor of America is a novel by Richard Condon published in 1990. It is a satire about an "Imperial Presidency", poking fun at Ronald Reagan.

text:
# Emperor of America

***Emperor of America*** is a novel by Richard Condon published in 1990. It is a satire about an "Imperial Presidency", poking fun at Ronald Reagan.

## Plot summary

A nuclear device explodes in Washington and destroys the White House. The Royalist Party and the National Rifle Association of America are nominally those responsible but Condon's target is Reaganism and its legacy, embodied in the character of an Army colonel, Caesare Appleton, who becomes Emperor Caesare I.

## InfoBox

Emperor of America
| First edition cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Richard Condon |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Satirical novel |
| Publisher | Simon & Schuster |
| Publication date | January 1990 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Hardback & Paperback) |
| ISBN | 0-671-68643-7 (first edition, hardback) |
| OCLC | 20393160 |
| Dewey Decimal | 813/.54 20 |
| LC Class | PS3553.O487 E47 1990 |


title: Arisaema sikokianum

abstract: Arisaema sikokianum, the Japanese Jack-in-the-pulpit, is a herbaceous perennial plant. An unusual woodland plant noted for its unmistakable smoky-purple base, snow-white cup and large hood with purple, green and white stripes. Found only in moist, shaded areas on the Island of Shikoku in Japan, it is closely related to Arisaema triphyllum, which is common to the eastern United States. In home gardens, it is a springtime planting and is often placed with shade-loving hostas and bleeding hearts. The plant is known to have existed and been admired in eighteenth century Japan. It may also cause contact irritation but is of little toxicologic importance.

text:
# Arisaema sikokianum

***Arisaema sikokianum***, the **Japanese Jack-in-the-pulpit**, is a herbaceous perennial plant. An unusual woodland plant noted for its unmistakable smoky-purple base, snow-white cup and large hood with purple, green and white stripes. Found only in moist, shaded areas on the Island of Shikoku in Japan, it is closely related to *Arisaema triphyllum*, which is common to the eastern United States. In home gardens, it is a springtime planting and is often placed with shade-loving hostas and bleeding hearts.

The plant is known to have existed and been admired in eighteenth century Japan. It may also cause contact irritation but is of little toxicologic importance.

## InfoBox

| *Arisaema sikokianum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Alismatales |
| Family: | Araceae |
| Genus: | *Arisaema* |
| Species: | ***A. sikokianum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Arisaema sikokianum***<br>Fr. et Sav. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Arum sazensoo* Bürger ex Blume * *Arisaema magnificum* Nakai | |


abstract: Arista Records, LLC v. LAUNCH Media, Inc., 578 F.3d 148, is a legal case brought by Arista Records, LLC, Bad Boy Records, BMG Music, and Zomba Recording LLC alleging that the webcasting service provided by LAUNCH Media, Inc. ("Launch") willfully infringed BMG's sound recording copyrights. The lawsuit concerns the scope of the statutory term "interactive service" codified in 17 U.S.C. § 114, as amended by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 ("DMCA"). If the webcasting service is an interactive service, Launch would be required to pay individual licensing fees to BMG's sound recording copyright holders; otherwise, Launch only need to pay "a statutory licensing fee set by the Copyright Royalty Board." The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed the trial court's judgment and ruled in favor of Launch, finding that the webcasting service provided by Launch does not fall within the scope of the definition of an interactive service as a matter of law.

text:
# Arista Records, LLC v. Launch Media, Inc

***Arista Records, LLC v. LAUNCH Media, Inc.***, 578 F.3d 148 (2d Cir. N.Y. 2009), is a legal case brought by Arista Records, LLC, Bad Boy Records, BMG Music, and Zomba Recording LLC (collectively, "BMG") alleging that the webcasting service provided by LAUNCH Media, Inc. ("Launch") willfully infringed BMG's sound recording copyrights. The lawsuit concerns the scope of the statutory term "interactive service" codified in 17 U.S.C. § 114, as amended by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 ("DMCA"). If the webcasting service is an interactive service, Launch would be required to pay individual licensing fees to BMG's sound recording copyright holders; otherwise, Launch only need to pay "a statutory licensing fee set by the Copyright Royalty Board."

The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit affirmed the trial court's judgment and ruled in favor of Launch, finding that the webcasting service provided by Launch does not fall within the scope of the definition of an interactive service as a matter of law.

## Background

Launch operates an internet radio website by providing a webcasting service (LAUNCHcast), "which enables a user to create 'stations' that play songs that are within a particular genre or similar to a particular artist or song the user selects." The parties did not materially dispute how LAUNCHcast worked. LAUNCHcast is now known as Yahoo! Music Radio. BMG holds the copyrights in the sound recordings of some of the songs played on the service for users, and has the exclusive right "to perform the copyrighted \[sound recording\] publicly by means of a digital audio transmission."

## Trial court proceedings

On May 24, 2001, BMG brought suit, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, against Launch alleging that Launch violated provisions of the DMCA, codified in relevant part in 17 U.S.C. § 114, by providing an interactive service and therefore willfully infringing sound recording copyrights of BMG from November 1999 to May 2001. The district court charged the jury with determining whether LAUNCHcast was an interactive service within the meaning of 17 U.S.C. § 114(j)(7). The jury returned a verdict in favor of Launch.

## Issue

Whether a webcasting service that provides users with individualized internet radio stations in this case is an interactive service within the meaning of 17 U.S.C. § 114.

## Ruling of the court of appeal

On March 17, 2009, BMG appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, arguing that LAUNCHcast is an interactive service as a matter of law. On August 21, 2009, the Court of Appeal confirmed the lower court decision, ruling that the webcasting service was not an interactive service as a matter of law.

"Based on a review of how LAUNCHcast functions, it is clear that LAUNCHcast does not provide a specially created program within the meaning of § 114(j)(7) because the webcasting service does not provide sufficient control to users such that playlists are so predictable that users will choose to listen to the webcast in lieu of purchasing music, thereby - in the aggregate - diminishing record sales."

## Discussions of interactive service

According to the statute, an interactive service "is one that enables a member of the public to receive a transmission of a program specially created for the recipient, or on request, a transmission of a particular sound recording, whether or not as part of a program, which is selected by or on behalf of the recipient." Therefore, the webcasting service LAUNCHcast is interactive under the statute "if a user can either (1) request - and have played - a particular sound recording, or (2) receive a transmission of a program "specially created" for the user." Since the LAUNCHcast users cannot request a particular song on demand, the first definition of interactive does not cover LAUNCHcast service. The court "emphasized that the line between an interactive and noninteractive service must reflect Congress's concern that an interactive service would allow a user to pick the songs she wanted to hear and thus vitiate any need to purchase those songs."

The primary argument at stake is whether LAUNCHcast enables the user to receive a transmission of a program "specially created" for the user. "In short, to the degree that LAUNCHcast's playlists are uniquely created for each user, that feature does not ensure predictability. Indeed, the unique nature of the playlist helps Launch ensure that it does not provide a service so specially created for the user that the user ceases to purchase music." Therefore, "\[the court\] cannot say LAUNCHcast falls within the scope of the DMCA's definition of an interactive service created for individual users."

## Subsequent developments

Certiorari was denied by the Supreme Court of the United States on January 25, 2010.

## InfoBox

| Arista Records, LLC v. Launch Media, Inc. | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Court | United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit |
| Full case name | *ARISTA RECORDS, LLC, formerly known as Arista Records, Inc., Bad Boy Records, BMG Music, doing business as the RCA Record Label and Zomba Recording LLC, formerly known as Zomba Recording Corporation, Plaintiffs-Appellants,* Capitol Records, Inc., Virgin Records America, Inc., Sony Music Entertainment, Inc., UMG Recordings Inc., Interscope Records and Motown Records Company L.P., Plaintiffs v.<br>LAUNCH MEDIA, INC., Defendant-Appellee. |
| Argued | March 17, 2009 |
| Decided | August 21 2009 |
| Citation | 578 F.3d 148 |
| Holding | |
| Affirmed. In favor of Defendant-Appellee Launch Media, Inc. | |
| Court membership | |
| Judges sitting | Guido Calabresi, Richard C. Wesley, Christopher F. Droney (District Judge) |


title: Employee of the Month (2004 film)

abstract: Employee of the Month is a 2004 American black comedy film written and directed by Mitch Rouse. The film stars Matt Dillon, Christina Applegate, and Steve Zahn.

text:
# Employee of the Month (2004 film)

***Employee of the Month*** is a 2004 American black comedy film written and directed by Mitch Rouse. The film stars Matt Dillon, Christina Applegate, and Steve Zahn.

## Plot

Dave Walsh is a bank employee whose day begins badly when he gets fired from his dream job and dumped by his fiancée Sara Goodwin the day after their engagement party was crashed by his best friend, Jack. Jack tries to console him by telling him that it's for the best, that Dave was headed down the wrong path. In a further effort to console him, Jack arranges for a hooker named Whisper to show up at his apartment, but instead she steals his car. The next day, Dave goes back to the bank with a gun tucked into in his waistband. He surreptitiously makes his way into his former boss's office, where he pulls out the gun and threatens to end his boss's life. Though intimidated, the boss stands up to Dave, and Dave, deciding he does not want blood on his hands after all, pistol-whips him instead.

When Dave emerges from his boss's office, he finds the bank being robbed. A sequence shows him killing the robbers single-handedly, but this is then shown to have been a daydream. When one of the robbers seizes his co-worker Wendy, he shoots the robber and saves her, but he is shot, tackled, and forced into the getaway vehicle, whereupon the robbers make their escape.

A montage shows various people's reactions to the incident, including that of Dave's ex-fiancée Sara (who is crying uncontrollably), and then a burning van. A reporter announces that dental records have shown that the body found in the van was Dave's. A complex series of plot twists follows. It turns out that the robbery had actually been part of plan hatched two years previously, by Dave and his friends Jack, Wendy, and Eric, to rob the bank and fake Dave's death, erasing his identity so that he would not be caught, and leaving him and his friends filthy rich. Eric, who is Sara's dentist, is revealed to have driven the getaway vehicle and falsified the dental records of the corpse in the van. Dave, Wendy, and Jack meet up in a motel room, prepared to divide their loot and part ways. When Wendy leaves the room, however, Dave kills Jack. (It turns out that Dave had secretly hated Jack ever since Jack scarred Dave's face and torso extensively in a childhood accident.) Wendy returns and kills Dave. She grabs the money and runs off to pick up Sara, with whom it turns out she's involved in a romantic relationship. (Sara, for her part, had previously gone to Eric's office, killed him, and taken his share of the money.) After the credits, Sara and Wendy's car is shown being hit by a bus.

## Cast

## Critical response

On review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an 11% rating based on 9 reviews.

## InfoBox

| Employee of the Month | |
| --- | --- |
| DVD cover | |
| Directed by | Mitch Rouse |
| Written by |  |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | John Peters |
| Edited by | Hughes Winborne |
| Music by |  |
| Production<br>companies | * Bob Yari Productions * Bull's Eye Entertainment |
| Distributed by | DEJ Productions |
| Release dates | * January 17, 2004 (2004-01-17) (Sundance) * January 3, 2005 (2005-01-03) (United States) * October 6, 2006 (2006-10-06) (Canada) |
| Running time | 97 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: 1991 Reading Borough Council election

abstract: The 1991 Reading Borough Council election was held on 2 May 1991, at the same time as other local elections across England and Wales. One third of Reading Borough Council's 45 seats were up for election. Since the previous election in 1990, the Conservative group on the council had split, with councillors Hamza Fuad and Pam Fuad forming their own independent group, the "Thames Conservatives", reducing the official Conservative numbers from 13 to 11. Neither of the Thames Conservatives' seats were in the third contested in 1991. The election saw the Labour party increase its majority on the council.

text:
# 1991 Reading Borough Council election

The **1991 Reading Borough Council election** was held on 2 May 1991, at the same time as other local elections across England and Wales. One third of Reading Borough Council's 45 seats were up for election. Since the previous election in 1990, the Conservative group on the council had split, with councillors Hamza Fuad and Pam Fuad forming their own independent group, the "Thames Conservatives", reducing the official Conservative numbers from 13 to 11. Neither of the Thames Conservatives' seats were in the third contested in 1991.

The election saw the Labour party increase its majority on the council.

## Results

Reading Borough Council Election, 1990
| Party | | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | 9 | 2 | 0 | +2 | 60.0% | 40.0% | 16,671 | -8.9 |
|  | Conservative | 5 | 1 | 2 | -1 | 33.3% | 38.2% | 15,927 | +9.3 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | 1 | 0 | 1 | -1 | 6.7% | 15.9% | 6,611 | +2.7 |
|  | Green | 0 |  |  |  | 0% | 5.8% | 2,431 | -3.1 |

### Ward results

The results in each ward were as follows (candidates with an asterisk\* were the previous incumbent standing for re-election):

Abbey Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Antony William Page\*
*(Tony Page)*** | **1,300** | **55.9** | **−11.5** |
|  | Conservative | Simon Matthews | 608 | 26.2 | +9.3 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | John William Wood | 302 | 13.0 | +4.3 |
|  | Green | Daphne Joan Lawrence | 114 | 4.9 | −2.1 |
| Turnout | | | 2,324 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | -10.4 |  |

Battle Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **David M. Booth\*** | **1,210** | **59.8** | **−8.3** |
|  | Conservative | Jan Harding | 609 | 30.1 | +9.3 |
|  | Green | Howard John Darby | 206 | 10.2 | −1.1 |
| Turnout | | | 2,025 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | -8.8 |  |

Caversham Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Trevor Jones** | **1,998** | **49.4** | **+11.4** |
|  | Labour | Mandy Winters | 1,298 | 32.1 | −11.5 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Maureen Ann Stagg | 554 | 13.7 | +5.1 |
|  | Green | David Brian Wright
*(Brian Wright)* | 195 | 4.8 | −5.0 |
| Turnout | | | 4,045 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | +11.45 |  |

Church Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Kathleen Margaret Everett\*
*(Kay Everett)*** | **1,251** | **55.6** | **−9.6** |
|  | Conservative | Colin Douglas Snider | 783 | 34.8 | +12.5 |
|  | Green | Richard John Kerr Bradbury | 217 | 9.6 | −2.9 |
| Turnout | | | 2,251 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | -11.05 |  |

Katesgrove Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Margaret Stella Singh\*** | **954** | **54.2** | **−13.2** |
|  | Conservative | Shirley Muriel Mills | 569 | 32.3 | +13.3 |
|  | Green | Christine Frances Critchfield | 237 | 13.5 | −0.2 |
| Turnout | | | 1,760 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | -13.25 |  |

Kentwood Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Mark Anderson** | **1,257** | **39.6** | **+9.6** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Francis John William Mahon-Daly\*
*(Frank Mahon-Daly)* | 1,015 | 31.9 | −3.2 |
|  | Labour | Walter Vigor | 828 | 26.1 | −3.0 |
|  | Green | John Christian Gibson | 77 | 2.4 | −3.4 |
| Turnout | | | 3,177 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **gain** from Liberal Democrats | | Swing | +6.4 |  |

Minster Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Derek Gordon E. Browne\*** | **1,487** | **46.9** | **+9.1** |
|  | Labour | Daniel McNamara
*(Danny McNamara)* | 1,453 | 45.8 | −3.0 |
|  | Green | Elizabeth Maria Darby
*(Maria Darby)* | 232 | 7.3 | +2.0 |
| Turnout | | | 3,172 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | +6.05 |  |

Norcot Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Rhodri Hughes\*** | **1,523** | **57.8** | **−14.3** |
|  | Conservative | Susan Elizabeth White
*(Sue White)* | 565 | 21.5 | +12.1 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Elizabeth Heydeman | 445 | 16.9 | n/a |
|  | Green | David Alfred Chaplin | 101 | 3.8 | +14.6 |
| Turnout | | | 2,634 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | -13.2 |  |

Park Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Michael D. Price\*** | **1,430** | **56.4** | **−8.5** |
|  | Conservative | Jonathan White | 598 | 23.6 | +5.8 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Gary Mann | 326 | 12.9 | +4.6 |
|  | Green | Philip John Unsworth | 180 | 7.1 | −1.8 |
| Turnout | | | 2,534 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | -7.15 |  |

Peppard Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Frank Heyes\*** | **1,916** | **54.7** | **+9.2** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | John Outhwaite | 1,004 | 28.7 | +1.5 |
|  | Labour | Christine Borgars | 464 | 13.3 | −8.5 |
|  | Green | Andrew John McPhee | 117 | 3.3 | −2.1 |
| Turnout | | | 3,501 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | +3.85 |  |

Redlands Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Anthony Jones
*(Tony Jones)*** | **1,364** | **45.1** | **−5.9** |
|  | Conservative | Robert Owen Biggs Wilson
*(Rob Wilson)* | 1,093 | 36.1 | +10.0 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Jonathan Timothy Ashby Ball
*(Jon Ball)* | 391 | 12.9 | +2.9 |
|  | Green | Sallie Ann Sullivan | 177 | 5.9 | −7.0 |
| Turnout | | | 3,025 |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing | -7.95 |  |

Southcote Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Rosemary Phyllis Williams
*(Rose Williams)*** | **1,527** | **51.6** | **−8.1** |
|  | Conservative | Daphne Janet Holmes
*(Janet Holmes)* | 1,255 | 42.4 | +14.0 |
|  | Green | Timothy Robert Astin
*(Tim Astin)* | 177 | 6.0 | +1.7 |
| Turnout | | | 2,959 |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing | -10.75 |  |

Thames Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Kenneth A. Putt\*
*(Ken Putt)*** | **1,805** | **54.6** | **n/a** |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Ian M. Fenwick | 889 | 26.9 | +11.5 |
|  | Labour | Janet Mary Gavin
*(Jan Gavin)* | 427 | 12.9 | −5.3 |
|  | Green | Anne Margaret McCubbin | 180 | 5.5 | −2.3 |
| Turnout | | | 3,301 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | n/a |  |

Tilehurst Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal Democrats** | **Florence Teresa Day\*
*(Paddy Day)*** | **1,685** | **56.6** | **+3.1** |
|  | Conservative | Anthony Maurice Owen
*(Tony Owen)* | 772 | 25.9 | +4.9 |
|  | Labour | Mohammad Iqbal | 440 | 14.8 | −6.0 |
|  | Green | Judith Green | 78 | 2.6 | −2.0 |
| Turnout | | | 2,975 |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | Swing | -0.9 |  |

Whitley Ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Ceinwen Williams** | **1,202** | **61.4** | **−12.3** |
|  | Conservative | Barrie James Cummings | 612 | 31.3 | +15.7 |
|  | Green | Moira Anne Elizabeth Astin | 143 | 7.3 | −3.3 |
| Turnout | | | 1,957 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | -14.0 |  |

## InfoBox

1991 Reading Borough Council election
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| ---  15 seats of 45 on council
23 seats needed for a majority | |
| First party Second party Third party  **Lab**  **Con**  **LD**  Leader Mike Orton Pauline Palmer Jim Day  Party Labour Conservative Liberal Democrats  Seats before 27 11 5  Seats after 29 10 4  Seat change 2 1 1  Popular vote 16,671 15,927 6,611  Percentage 40.0 38.2 15.9  Swing 8.9 9.3 2.7   ---  Fourth party   **Ind**   Party Independent   Seats before 2   Seats after 2   Seat change    Popular vote n/a   Percentage n/a   Swing n/a | |


title: 1991 Pyroil 500

abstract: The 1991 Pyroil 500 was the 28th and penultimate stock car race of the 1991 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season, the ninth and the final race of the 1991 NASCAR Winston West Series season, and the fourth iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, November 3, 1991, in Avondale, Arizona at Phoenix International Raceway, a 1-mile (1.6 km) permanent low-banked tri-oval race track. The race took the scheduled 312 laps to complete. At race's end, Robert Yates Racing driver Davey Allison would manage to dominate the late stages of the race, leading 162 of the final 166 laps of the race to take his 13th career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his fifth and final victory of the season. To fill out the top three, owner-driver Darrell Waltrip and Junior Johnson & Associates driver Sterling Marlin would finish second and third, respectively. In the driver's championship for the 1991 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Richard Childress Racing driver Dale Earnhardt was considered the extremely heavy favorite to win the championship, only needing to start the next race, the 1991 Hardee's 500, to win the championship.

text:
# 1991 Pyroil 500

The **1991 Pyroil 500** was the 28th and penultimate stock car race of the 1991 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season, the ninth and the final race of the 1991 NASCAR Winston West Series season, and the fourth iteration of the event. The race was held on Sunday, November 3, 1991, in Avondale, Arizona at Phoenix International Raceway, a 1-mile (1.6 km) permanent low-banked tri-oval race track. The race took the scheduled 312 laps to complete. At race's end, Robert Yates Racing driver Davey Allison would manage to dominate the late stages of the race, leading 162 of the final 166 laps of the race to take his 13th career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his fifth and final victory of the season. To fill out the top three, owner-driver Darrell Waltrip and Junior Johnson & Associates driver Sterling Marlin would finish second and third, respectively.

In the driver's championship for the 1991 NASCAR Winston Cup Series, Richard Childress Racing driver Dale Earnhardt was considered the extremely heavy favorite to win the championship, only needing to start the next race, the 1991 Hardee's 500, to win the championship.

## Background

**Phoenix International Raceway** – also known as **PIR** – is a one-mile, low-banked tri-oval race track located in Avondale, Arizona. It is named after the nearby metropolitan area of Phoenix. The motorsport track opened in 1964 and currently hosts two NASCAR race weekends annually. PIR has also hosted the IndyCar Series, CART, USAC and the Rolex Sports Car Series. The raceway is currently owned and operated by International Speedway Corporation.

The raceway was originally constructed with a 2.5 mi (4.0 km) road course that ran both inside and outside of the main tri-oval. In 1991 the track was reconfigured with the current 1.51 mi (2.43 km) interior layout. PIR has an estimated grandstand seating capacity of around 67,000. Lights were installed around the track in 2004 following the addition of a second annual NASCAR race weekend.

### Entry list

* **(R)** denotes rookie driver.

| # | Driver | Team | Make | Sponsor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 00 | Scott Gaylord | Oliver Racing | Oldsmobile | Oliver Gravity Separators |
| 1 | Rick Mast | Precision Products Racing | Oldsmobile | Skoal |
| 2 | Rusty Wallace | Penske Racing South | Pontiac | Miller Genuine Draft |
| 3 | Dale Earnhardt | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | GM Goodwrench Service Plus |
| 4 | Ernie Irvan | Morgan–McClure Motorsports | Chevrolet | Kodak |
| 04 | Hershel McGriff | Lipseia Racing | Pontiac | U.S. Bank |
| 5 | Ricky Rudd | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | Tide |
| 6 | Mark Martin | Roush Racing | Ford | Folgers |
| 7 | Alan Kulwicki | AK Racing | Ford | Hooters |
| 8 | Rick Wilson | Stavola Brothers Racing | Buick | Snickers |
| 9 | Bill Elliott | Melling Racing | Ford | Coors Light |
| 09 | R. K. Smith | Midgley Racing | Pontiac | Midgley Racing |
| 10 | Derrike Cope | Whitcomb Racing | Chevrolet | Purolator Filters |
| 11 | Geoff Bodine | Junior Johnson & Associates | Ford | Budweiser |
| 12 | Hut Stricklin | Bobby Allison Motorsports | Buick | Raybestos |
| 14 | Mike Chase | A. J. Foyt Racing | Chevrolet | Copenhagen, Freymiller Trucking |
| 15 | Morgan Shepherd | Bud Moore Engineering | Ford | Motorcraft |
| 15W | Rick Scribner | Scribner Racing | Chevrolet | All-Pro Auto Parts |
| 17 | Darrell Waltrip | Darrell Waltrip Motorsports | Chevrolet | Western Auto |
| 19 | Chad Little | Little Racing | Ford | Ford "Proud Sponsor of Team USA" |
| 21 | Dale Jarrett | Wood Brothers Racing | Ford | Citgo |
| 22 | Sterling Marlin | Junior Johnson & Associates | Ford | Maxwell House |
| 22W | St. James Davis | St. James Racing | Buick | St. James Racing |
| 23 | Butch Gilliland | Gilliland Racing | Pontiac | Gear Engineering |
| 24 | Kenny Wallace | Team III Racing | Pontiac | Team III Racing |
| 25 | Ken Schrader | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | Kodiak |
| 26 | Brett Bodine | King Racing | Buick | Quaker State |
| 28 | Davey Allison | Robert Yates Racing | Ford | Texaco, Havoline |
| 29 | Gary Collins | Collins Motorsports | Oldsmobile | Justin Boots |
| 30 | Michael Waltrip | Bahari Racing | Pontiac | Pennzoil |
| 33 | Harry Gant | Leo Jackson Motorsports | Oldsmobile | Skoal Bandit |
| 37 | Rick Carelli | Chesrown Racing | Chevrolet | Chesrown Automotive Group |
| 41 | Larry Pearson | Larry Hedrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | Kellogg's Frosted Flakes |
| 42 | Kyle Petty | SABCO Racing | Pontiac | Mello Yello |
| 43 | Richard Petty | Petty Enterprises | Pontiac | STP |
| 44 | Irv Hoerr | Labonte Motorsports | Oldsmobile | Labonte Motorsports |
| 44W | Jack Sellers | Emerson Racing | Buick | Coca-Cola |
| 49 | Stanley Smith **(R)** | BS&S Motorsports | Buick | Interstate Batteries |
| 51 | Jeff Purvis **(R)** | Phoenix Racing | Chevrolet | Phoenix Racing |
| 52 | Mike Wallace | Jimmy Means Racing | Pontiac | Alka-Seltzer |
| 55 | Ted Musgrave **(R)** | U.S. Racing | Pontiac | Jasper Engines & Transmissions |
| 58 | Wayne Jacks | Jacks Motorsports | Oldsmobile | Kell's Auto |
| 66 | Randy LaJoie | Cale Yarborough Motorsports | Pontiac | Phillips 66 TropArtic |
| 68 | Bobby Hamilton **(R)** | TriStar Motorsports | Oldsmobile | Country Time |
| 71 | Dave Marcis | Marcis Auto Racing | Chevrolet | Big Apple Market |
| 72 | Mark Reed | Reed Racing | Chevrolet | Texaco, Havoline |
| 73 | Bill Schmitt | Schmitt Racing | Ford | Motorcraft |
| 75 | Joe Ruttman | RahMoc Enterprises | Oldsmobile | Dinner Bell Foods |
| 76 | Bill Sedgwick | Spears Motorsports | Chevrolet | Spears Manufacturing |
| 86 | Ron Hornaday Jr. | Benison Racing | Chevrolet | National Cold Storage |
| 89 | Jim Sauter | Mueller Brothers Racing | Pontiac | Evinrude Outboard Motors |
| 91 | Robert Sprague | Rouse Racing | Ford | Area Glass & Mirror |
| 93 | Troy Beebe | Beebe Racing | Buick | Taco Bell |
| 94 | Terry Labonte | Hagan Racing | Oldsmobile | Sunoco |
| 97 | Billy Jac Shaw | Beebe Racing | Buick | Taco Bell |
| 98 | Jimmy Spencer | Travis Carter Enterprises | Chevrolet | Banquet Foods |
| 99 | John Krebs | KC Racing | Pontiac | Skoal |

## Qualifying

Qualifying was split into two rounds. The first round was held on Friday, November 1, at 5:30 PM EST. Each driver would have one lap to set a time. During the first round, the top 20 drivers in the round would be guaranteed a starting spot in the race. If a driver was not able to guarantee a spot in the first round, they had the option to scrub their time from the first round and try and run a faster lap time in a second round qualifying run, held on Saturday, November 2, at 2:00 PM EST. As with the first round, each driver would have one lap to set a time. For this specific race, positions 21-40 would be decided on time, and depending on who needed it, a select amount of positions were given to cars who had not otherwise qualified but were high enough in owner's points; which was one for cars in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series and two extra provisionals for the NASCAR Winston West Series. If needed, a past champion who did not qualify on either time or provisionals could use a champion's provisional, adding one more spot to the field.

Geoff Bodine, driving for Junior Johnson & Associates, would win the pole, setting a time of 28.220 and an average speed of 127.569 miles per hour (205.302 km/h) in the first round.

14 drivers would fail to qualify.

### Full qualifying results

| Pos. | # | Driver | Team | Make | Time | Speed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 11 | Geoff Bodine | Junior Johnson & Associates | Ford | **28.220** | **127.569** |
| 2 | 9 | Bill Elliott | Melling Racing | Ford | 28.227 | 127.537 |
| 3 | 6 | Mark Martin | Roush Racing | Ford | 28.255 | 127.411 |
| 4 | 33 | Harry Gant | Leo Jackson Motorsports | Oldsmobile | 28.269 | 127.348 |
| 5 | 7 | Alan Kulwicki | AK Racing | Ford | 28.273 | 127.330 |
| 6 | 10 | Derrike Cope | Whitcomb Racing | Chevrolet | 28.294 | 127.235 |
| 7 | 25 | Ken Schrader | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 28.328 | 127.083 |
| 8 | 26 | Brett Bodine | King Racing | Buick | 28.338 | 127.038 |
| 9 | 22 | Sterling Marlin | Junior Johnson & Associates | Ford | 28.394 | 126.787 |
| 10 | 2 | Rusty Wallace | Penske Racing South | Pontiac | 28.429 | 126.631 |
| 11 | 17 | Darrell Waltrip | Darrell Waltrip Motorsports | Chevrolet | 28.442 | 126.573 |
| 12 | 3 | Dale Earnhardt | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 28.460 | 126.493 |
| 13 | 28 | Davey Allison | Robert Yates Racing | Ford | 28.514 | 126.254 |
| 14 | 5 | Ricky Rudd | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 28.535 | 126.161 |
| 15 | 4 | Ernie Irvan | Morgan–McClure Motorsports | Chevrolet | 28.548 | 126.103 |
| 16 | 12 | Hut Stricklin | Bobby Allison Motorsports | Buick | 28.583 | 125.949 |
| 17 | 21 | Dale Jarrett | Wood Brothers Racing | Ford | 28.632 | 125.733 |
| 18 | 42 | Kyle Petty | SABCO Racing | Pontiac | 28.713 | 125.379 |
| 19 | 15 | Morgan Shepherd | Bud Moore Engineering | Ford | 28.722 | 125.339 |
| 20 | 43 | Richard Petty | Petty Enterprises | Pontiac | 28.730 | 125.305 |
| Failed to lock in Round 1 | | | | | | |
| 21 | 55 | Ted Musgrave **(R)** | U.S. Racing | Pontiac | 28.733 | 125.291 |
| 22 | 8 | Rick Wilson | Stavola Brothers Racing | Buick | 28.754 | 125.200 |
| 23 | 71 | Dave Marcis | Marcis Auto Racing | Chevrolet | 28.759 | 125.178 |
| 24 | 76 | Bill Sedgwick | Spears Motorsports | Chevrolet | 28.770 | 125.130 |
| 25 | 1 | Rick Mast | Precision Products Racing | Oldsmobile | 28.792 | 125.035 |
| 26 | 98 | Jimmy Spencer | Travis Carter Enterprises | Chevrolet | 28.801 | 124.996 |
| 27 | 75 | Joe Ruttman | RahMoc Enterprises | Oldsmobile | 28.802 | 124.991 |
| 28 | 19 | Chad Little | Little Racing | Ford | 28.803 | 124.987 |
| 29 | 66 | Randy LaJoie | Cale Yarborough Motorsports | Pontiac | 28.817 | 124.926 |
| 30 | 30 | Michael Waltrip | Bahari Racing | Pontiac | 28.877 | 124.667 |
| 31 | 41 | Larry Pearson | Larry Hedrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 28.877 | 124.667 |
| 32 | 14 | Mike Chase | A. J. Foyt Racing | Chevrolet | 28.891 | 124.606 |
| 33 | 49 | Stanley Smith **(R)** | BS&S Motorsports | Buick | 28.916 | 124.499 |
| 34 | 51 | Jeff Purvis **(R)** | Phoenix Racing | Chevrolet | 28.922 | 124.473 |
| 35 | 94 | Terry Labonte | Hagan Racing | Oldsmobile | 28.951 | 124.348 |
| 36 | 72 | Mark Reed | Reed Racing | Chevrolet | 28.963 | 124.297 |
| 37 | 29 | Gary Collins | Collins Motorsports | Oldsmobile | 28.982 | 124.215 |
| 38 | 52 | Mike Wallace | Jimmy Means Racing | Pontiac | 29.043 | 123.954 |
| 39 | 73 | Bill Schmitt | Schmitt Racing | Ford | 29.099 | 123.716 |
| 40 | 68 | Bobby Hamilton **(R)** | TriStar Motorsports | Oldsmobile | 29.122 | 123.618 |
| Winston Cup provisional | | | | | | |
| 41 | 24 | Kenny Wallace | Team III Racing | Pontiac | -\* | -\* |
| Winston West provisionals | | | | | | |
| 42 | 23 | Butch Gilliland | Gilliland Racing | Pontiac | -\* | -\* |
| 43 | 04 | Hershel McGriff | Lipseia Racing | Pontiac | -\* | -\* |
| Failed to qualify | | | | | | |
| 44 | 22W | St. James Davis | St. James Racing | Buick | -\* | -\* |
| 45 | 89 | Jim Sauter | Mueller Brothers Racing | Pontiac | -\* | -\* |
| 46 | 99 | John Krebs | KC Racing | Pontiac | -\* | -\* |
| 47 | 37 | Rick Carelli | Chesrown Racing | Chevrolet | -\* | -\* |
| 48 | 58 | Wayne Jacks | Jacks Motorsports | Oldsmobile | -\* | -\* |
| 49 | 86 | Ron Hornaday Jr. | Benison Racing | Chevrolet | -\* | -\* |
| 50 | 44W | Jack Sellers | Emerson Racing | Buick | -\* | -\* |
| 51 | 15W | Rick Scribner | Scribner Racing | Chevrolet | -\* | -\* |
| 52 | 00 | Scott Gaylord | Oliver Racing | Oldsmobile | -\* | -\* |
| 53 | 97 | Billy Jac Shaw | Beebe Racing | Buick | -\* | -\* |
| 54 | 91 | Robert Sprague | Rouse Racing | Ford | -\* | -\* |
| 55 | 93 | Troy Beebe | Beebe Racing | Buick | -\* | -\* |
| 56 | 44 | Irv Hoerr | Labonte Motorsports | Oldsmobile | -\* | -\* |
| 57 | 09 | R. K. Smith | Midgley Racing | Pontiac | -\* | -\* |
| Official first round qualifying results | | | | | | |
| Official starting lineup | | | | | | |

## Race results

| Fin | St | # | Driver | Team | Make | Laps | Led | Status | Pts | Winnings |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 13 | 28 | Davey Allison | Robert Yates Racing | Ford | 312 | 162 | running | 185 | $78,500 |
| 2 | 11 | 17 | Darrell Waltrip | Darrell Waltrip Motorsports | Chevrolet | 312 | 25 | running | 175 | $37,225 |
| 3 | 9 | 22 | Sterling Marlin | Junior Johnson & Associates | Ford | 312 | 0 | running | 170 | $25,000 |
| 4 | 5 | 7 | Alan Kulwicki | AK Racing | Ford | 312 | 1 | running | 165 | $22,600 |
| 5 | 10 | 2 | Rusty Wallace | Penske Racing South | Pontiac | 312 | 0 | running | 155 | $16,475 |
| 6 | 15 | 4 | Ernie Irvan | Morgan–McClure Motorsports | Chevrolet | 312 | 2 | running | 155 | $18,100 |
| 7 | 26 | 98 | Jimmy Spencer | Travis Carter Enterprises | Chevrolet | 311 | 4 | running | 151 | $12,850 |
| 8 | 1 | 11 | Geoff Bodine | Junior Johnson & Associates | Ford | 311 | 53 | running | 147 | $19,050 |
| 9 | 12 | 3 | Dale Earnhardt | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 311 | 0 | running | 138 | $18,200 |
| 10 | 19 | 15 | Morgan Shepherd | Bud Moore Engineering | Ford | 311 | 0 | running | 134 | $16,750 |
| 11 | 14 | 5 | Ricky Rudd | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 311 | 0 | running | 130 | $13,250 |
| 12 | 35 | 94 | Terry Labonte | Hagan Racing | Oldsmobile | 311 | 0 | running | 127 | $9,750 |
| 13 | 40 | 68 | Bobby Hamilton **(R)** | TriStar Motorsports | Oldsmobile | 311 | 1 | running | 129 | $8,100 |
| 14 | 8 | 26 | Brett Bodine | King Racing | Buick | 311 | 1 | running | 126 | $9,050 |
| 15 | 22 | 8 | Rick Wilson | Stavola Brothers Racing | Buick | 311 | 10 | running | 118 | $9,000 |
| 16 | 6 | 10 | Derrike Cope | Whitcomb Racing | Chevrolet | 311 | 0 | running | 115 | $12,950 |
| 17 | 7 | 25 | Ken Schrader | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 310 | 0 | running | 112 | $7,750 |
| 18 | 21 | 55 | Ted Musgrave **(R)** | U.S. Racing | Pontiac | 310 | 0 | running | 109 | $5,700 |
| 19 | 3 | 6 | Mark Martin | Roush Racing | Ford | 310 | 20 | running | 111 | $13,550 |
| 20 | 18 | 42 | Kyle Petty | SABCO Racing | Pontiac | 309 | 2 | running | 108 | $12,225 |
| 21 | 24 | 76 | Bill Sedgwick | Spears Motorsports | Chevrolet | 308 | 0 | running | 100 | $5,050 |
| 22 | 27 | 75 | Joe Ruttman | RahMoc Enterprises | Oldsmobile | 308 | 0 | running | 97 | $6,925 |
| 23 | 4 | 33 | Harry Gant | Leo Jackson Motorsports | Oldsmobile | 307 | 0 | running | 94 | $7,050 |
| 24 | 30 | 30 | Michael Waltrip | Bahari Racing | Pontiac | 307 | 0 | running | 91 | $6,725 |
| 25 | 2 | 9 | Bill Elliott | Melling Racing | Ford | 307 | 0 | running | 88 | $12,450 |
| 26 | 32 | 14 | Mike Chase | A. J. Foyt Racing | Chevrolet | 305 | 0 | running | 85 | $3,825 |
| 27 | 43 | 04 | Hershel McGriff | Lipseia Racing | Pontiac | 300 | 0 | running | 82 | $3,800 |
| 28 | 25 | 1 | Rick Mast | Precision Products Racing | Oldsmobile | 299 | 0 | running | 79 | $6,525 |
| 29 | 42 | 23 | Butch Gilliland | Gilliland Racing | Pontiac | 299 | 0 | running | 76 | $3,750 |
| 30 | 28 | 19 | Chad Little | Little Racing | Ford | 298 | 0 | running | 73 | $4,925 |
| 31 | 38 | 52 | Mike Wallace | Jimmy Means Racing | Pontiac | 246 | 0 | running | 70 | $3,700 |
| 32 | 29 | 66 | Randy LaJoie | Cale Yarborough Motorsports | Pontiac | 203 | 0 | engine | 67 | $6,100 |
| 33 | 31 | 41 | Larry Pearson | Larry Hedrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 178 | 0 | accident | 64 | $3,400 |
| 34 | 36 | 72 | Mark Reed | Reed Racing | Chevrolet | 177 | 0 | valve | 61 | $3,375 |
| 35 | 17 | 21 | Dale Jarrett | Wood Brothers Racing | Ford | 151 | 19 | engine | 63 | $6,000 |
| 36 | 33 | 49 | Stanley Smith **(R)** | BS&S Motorsports | Buick | 150 | 12 | accident | 60 | $3,325 |
| 37 | 39 | 73 | Bill Schmitt | Schmitt Racing | Ford | 136 | 0 | accident | 52 | $3,305 |
| 38 | 34 | 51 | Jeff Purvis **(R)** | Phoenix Racing | Chevrolet | 127 | 0 | engine | 49 | $3,295 |
| 39 | 16 | 12 | Hut Stricklin | Bobby Allison Motorsports | Buick | 105 | 0 | accident | 46 | $5,910 |
| 40 | 23 | 71 | Dave Marcis | Marcis Auto Racing | Chevrolet | 91 | 0 | a-frame | 43 | $5,850 |
| 41 | 20 | 43 | Richard Petty | Petty Enterprises | Pontiac | 89 | 0 | accident | 40 | $3,250 |
| 42 | 37 | 29 | Gary Collins | Collins Motorsports | Oldsmobile | 61 | 0 | accident | 37 | $3,250 |
| 43 | 41 | 24 | Kenny Wallace | Team III Racing | Pontiac | 1 | 0 | steering | 34 | $3,000 |
| Failed to qualify | | | | | | | | | | |
| 44 |  | 22W | St. James Davis | St. James Racing | Buick |  | | | | |
| 45 | | | 89 | Jim Sauter | Mueller Brothers Racing | Pontiac |
| 46 | | | 99 | John Krebs | KC Racing | Pontiac |
| 47 | | | 37 | Rick Carelli | Chesrown Racing | Chevrolet |
| 48 | | | 58 | Wayne Jacks | Jacks Motorsports | Oldsmobile |
| 49 | | | 86 | Ron Hornaday Jr. | Benison Racing | Chevrolet |
| 50 | | | 44W | Jack Sellers | Emerson Racing | Buick |
| 51 | | | 15W | Rick Scribner | Scribner Racing | Chevrolet |
| 52 | | | 00 | Scott Gaylord | Oliver Racing | Oldsmobile |
| 53 | | | 97 | Billy Jac Shaw | Beebe Racing | Buick |
| 54 | | | 91 | Robert Sprague | Rouse Racing | Ford |
| 55 | | | 93 | Troy Beebe | Beebe Racing | Buick |
| 56 | | | 44 | Irv Hoerr | Labonte Motorsports | Oldsmobile |
| 57 | | | 09 | R. K. Smith | Midgley Racing | Pontiac |
| Official race results | | | | | | | | | | |

## Standings after the race

## InfoBox

1991 Pyroil 500
| Race details | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Race 28 of 29 in the 1991 NASCAR Winston Cup Series | | | |
| The 1991 Pyroil 500 program cover. | | | |
| Date | November 3, 1991 | | |
| Official name | 4th Annual Pyroil 500 | | |
| Location | Avondale, Arizona, Phoenix International Raceway | | |
| Course | Permanent racing facility<br>1 mi (1.6 km) | | |
| Distance | 312 laps, 312 mi (502.115 km) | | |
| Scheduled Distance | 312 laps, 312 mi (502.115 km) | | |
| Average speed | 95.746 miles per hour (154.088 km/h) | | |
| Pole position | | | |
| Driver |  | Junior Johnson & Associates |
| Time | 28.220 | | |
| Most laps led | | | |
| Driver | Davey Allison | Robert Yates Racing |
| Laps | 162 | | |
| Winner | | | |
| No. 28 | Davey Allison | Robert Yates Racing |
| Television in the United States | | | |
| Network | TNN | | |
| Announcers | Mike Joy, Buddy Baker, Neil Bonnett | | |
| Radio in the United States | | | |
| Radio | Motor Racing Network | | |


title: Arkansas Valley League

abstract: The Arkansas Valley League is a high school athletic conference for several rural high schools along the Arkansas River Valley in southeastern Colorado.

text:
# Arkansas Valley League

The **Arkansas Valley League** is a high school athletic conference for several rural high schools along the Arkansas River Valley in southeastern Colorado.

## Member schools

At the time of writing (8 February 2024) the eight schools in the League were:

Some of the schools enter combined teams. For example:

* Branson School and Kim Undivided High School enter a joint team called Branson / Kim. See Branson School website Athletics page

* South Baca Patriots represent Campo, Vilas and Pritchett in Volleyball, Basketball and Track. See Campo School Website Athletics page

Earlier, the league includes these schools:

* Holly Junior-Senior High School
* Cheyenne Wells High School
* Granada Undivided High School
* Walsh High School
* Springfield High School
* Wiley High School
* McClave School District
* Eads High School


title: Arkansas Wildcats

abstract: The Arkansas Wildcats are a team of the Women's Football Alliance which began play for the 2011 season. Based in Little Rock, Arkansas the Wildcats played their home games on the campus of Little Rock Central High School. In 2011 and 2013, the Wildcats were known as the Little Rock Wildcats.

text:
# Arkansas Wildcats

The **Arkansas Wildcats** are a team of the Women's Football Alliance which began play for the 2011 season. Based in Little Rock, Arkansas the Wildcats played their home games on the campus of Little Rock Central High School.

In 2011 and 2013, the Wildcats were known as the **Little Rock Wildcats**.

## Statistics and records

### Season-by-season results

Season records
| Season | W | L | T | Finish | Playoff results |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 2nd American Southeast | -- |
| 2012 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1st American South Central | Lost American Conference Wild Card (Lone Star) |
| 2013 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1st American Gulf Coast | Lost American Conference Wild Card (Austin) |
| 2015 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 3rd American Gulf Coast | -- |
| 2016 | 0 | 0 | 0 | inactive | -- |
| 2017 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 3rd American South West | Won Div. III American Conference Semifinal (Austin)
Won Div. III American Conference Final (S. Oregon)
Won Div. III National Championship (Orlando) |
| Totals | 15 | 19 | 0 |  |  |

## 2011

### Standings

| 2011 Southeast Division | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | W | L | T | PCT | PF | PA | DIV | GB | STK |
| **y**-Memphis | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0.750 | 258 | 95 | 4-0 | --- | W2 |
| Little Rock Wildcats | 3 | 5 | 0 | 0.375 | 124 | 202 | 2-2 | 3.0 | W1 |
| Tulsa Eagles | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0.000 | 14 | 330 | 0-4 | 6.0 | L8 |

### Season schedule

| Date | Opponent | Home/Away | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| April 2 | Tulsa Eagles | Home | Won 44-0 |
| April 9 | Memphis | Away | Lost 14-38 |
| April 16 | New Orleans Blaze | Away | Lost 14-22 |
| May 7 | Acadiana Zydeco | Home | Won 38-8 |
| May 14 | Dallas Diamonds | Home | Lost 0-64 |
| June 4 | Lone Star Mustangs | Away | Lost 0-40 |
| June 11 | Memphis | Home | Lost 8-30 |
| June 18 | Tulsa Eagles | Away | Won 1-0\** |

\** = Won by forfeit

## 2012

### Season schedule

| Date | Opponent | Home/Away | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| April 14 | Memphis Dynasty | Away | Lost 34-0 |
| April 28 | Acadiana Zydeco | Home | Won 18-8 |
| May 12 | Tulsa Threat | Home |  |
| May 19 | Arkansas Rampage (WSFL) | Home |  |
| June 2 | Acadiana Zydeco | Away |  |
| June 9 | Tulsa Threat | Away |  |
| June 16 | Memphis Dynasty | Home |  |

## InfoBox

Arkansas Wildcats
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2010 |
| League | Women's Football Alliance |
| Team history | Little Rock Wildcats (2011, 2013)
Arkansas Wildcats (2012, 2015-) |
| Based in | Little Rock, Arkansas |
| Stadium | Quigley Stadium |
| Colors | Black, red, and white |
| Owner | Ernest Dukes III |
| Championships | 1 |
| Division titles | 2 |


title: Encrasicholina gloria

abstract: Encrasicholina gloria, the Red Sea anchovy, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Engraulidae. It is found in the western Indian Ocean.

text:
# Encrasicholina gloria

***Encrasicholina gloria***, the **Red Sea anchovy**, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Engraulidae. It is found in the western Indian Ocean.

## Size

This species reaches a length of 7.2 cm (2.8 in).

## InfoBox

| Red Sea anchovy | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Clupeiformes |
| Family: | Engraulidae |
| Genus: | *Encrasicholina* |
| Species: | ***E. gloria*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Encrasicholina gloria***
Hata & Motomura, 2016 | |
|


title: Arman Garibian

abstract: Arman Garibian is a Moldovan cyclist who rides for Moldovan amateur team CSUVT–Devron West CT.

text:
# Arman Garibian

**Arman Garibian** (born 14 February 2000) is a Moldovan cyclist who rides for Moldovan amateur team CSUVT–Devron West CT.

## Major results

2018 2nd Time trial, National Junior Road Championships 2019 2nd Time trial, National Under-23 Road Championships 2021 National Road Championships 3rd Time trial 4th Road race 2022 National Road Championships 1st  Time trial 3rd Road race 2023 National Road Championships 3rd Time trial 5th Road race 2024 2nd Time trial, National Under-23 Road Championships

## InfoBox

Arman Garibian
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Arman Garibian |
| Born | (2000-02-14) 14 February 2000
Chișinău, Moldova |
| Team information | |
| Current team | CSUVT–Devron West CT |
| Discipline | Road |
| Role | Rider |
| Amateur teams | |
| 2021–2022 | Chișinău |
| 2021– | CSUVT–Devron West CT |
|  | |
| Major wins | |
| **One-day races and Classics** National Time Trial Championships
(2022) | |
|  | |


title: Emmons, West Virginia

abstract: Emmons is an unincorporated community located on the Big Coal River in Boone and Kanawha counties in the U.S. state of West Virginia. Jay Rockefeller's political affiliation with West Virginia began in 1964–1965 while he served as a VISTA volunteer in Emmons. The community bears the name of the Emmons family.

text:
# Emmons, West Virginia

**Emmons** is an unincorporated community located on the Big Coal River in Boone and Kanawha counties in the U.S. state of West Virginia. Jay Rockefeller's political affiliation with West Virginia began in 1964–1965 while he served as a VISTA volunteer in Emmons.

The community bears the name of the Emmons family.

## InfoBox

| Emmons, West Virginia | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| EmmonsLocation in West Virginia and the United StatesEmmonsEmmons (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 38°12′16″N 81°29′5″W / 38.20444°N 81.48472°W / 38.20444; -81.48472 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | West Virginia |
| County | Boone |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |


title: Empress Dowager Duan (Zhaowen)

abstract: Empress Dowager Duan was an empress dowager of China's Xianbei-led Later Yan dynasty. She was a concubine of the founding emperor Murong Chui, and she was the mother of Murong Xi.

text:
# Empress Dowager Duan (Zhaowen)

**Empress Dowager Duan** (段太后, personal name unknown) was an empress dowager of China's Xianbei-led Later Yan dynasty. She was a concubine of the founding emperor Murong Chui (Emperor Wucheng), and she was the mother of Murong Xi (Emperor Zhaowen).

## Biography

Little is known about her life before Murong Xi became emperor, and although it appears likely that she might be related to Murong Chui's empress Duan Yuanfei, that connection is not completely clear. After Murong Xi succeeded his nephew Murong Sheng (Emperor Zhaowu) in 401, initially, he did not honor her as empress dowager, as Murong Sheng's mother Empress Dowager Ding was already empress dowager, but after he forced Empress Dowager Ding to commit suicide in 402 over her failed coup attempt, he honored his mother as empress dowager around the new year 404.

In summer 407, after Murong Xi's empress Empress Fu Xunying died, Empress Dowager Duan, for reasons unknown, removed her own empress dowager title and moved out of the palace. That was the last historical reference to her, and it is not known what happened to her after Murong Xi was killed in a coup by his adoptive nephew Murong Yun (Emperor Huiyi) later that year.


title: Edamalaipatti Pudur

abstract: Edamalaipatti Pudur or E.Pudur is a large residential neighbourhood and extension of Tiruchirappalli in Tamil Nadu, India. Surrounded by KK Nagar to East, Karumandapam to West, Crawford to North & Panjapur to South. The areas has amenities such as Popular Temples, hospitals,smart mediequip services, Pazhamudircholai, tailors, flour mills, schools and petrol stations.

text:
# Edamalaipatti Pudur

**Edamalaipatti Pudur** or **E.Pudur** is a large residential neighbourhood and extension of Tiruchirappalli in Tamil Nadu, India. Surrounded by *KK Nagar* to East, *Karumandapam* to West, *Crawford* to North & *Panjapur* to South. The areas has amenities such as Popular Temples, hospitals,smart mediequip services, Pazhamudircholai, tailors, flour mills, schools and petrol stations.

## Locality

Edamalaipatti Pudur is located on Madurai Main Road (NH45B) 3.5 km from Trichy Central Bus Stand & 3 km from Trichy Railway Station. Tiruchirappalli Corporation wards 39 and 40 and some of 41st wards covers this area and falls under Tiruchirappalli West Taluk. It has a police station with an important limits within Panjapur, Pirattiyur, Crawford under it wings. Major residential areas of Edamalaipatti Pudur includes Sozhiya Vellalar Street (Selva Vinayakar Kovil Street), RMS colony (North, south Extn.), State Bank colony, Pappa colony, Nallathanni Keni Street, Sakthivel Colony, Kalliyamman Kovil street, Anbil Dharmalinga Nagar, Arasu Colony, Francina colony, Pillayar Kovil street, Nehru street, Anthoniyar Kovil street, New Street, New Colony, KRS Nagar, Kollankulam, Bharathi Nagar, Petrol Bunk Road. Ramachandra Nagar, Nathar Nagar, Srinivasa Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Nagar, MGR Nagar, Health Colony, Anbilar Nagar, Anjali Nagar, Stalin Nagar, Thylammai Nagar, Gangai Nagar, Murugan Nagar, Khadhi Kraft colony, Chettiyapatti, Dhobi Colony, Padugai, Krishnapuram, Kutti Malai, Rettai Malai (connects Pirattiyur).

## Demographics

Most of the residents are bankers, business people, teachers and clerical workers. The area has an equal combination of middle-class and upper middle-class. The Sozhiya Vellalar community is the majority in this area. The Kaliyamman Kovil festival and rettai malai onedi karuppu temple aadi festival is quite popular, and people from all over Trichy Throng to E-Pudur to attend this festival celebration.

## InfoBox

| Edamalaipatti Pudur - இடமலைப்பட்டி புதூர் எடமலைப்பட்டி புதூர் | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| Nickname: E. Pudur | |
| Edamalaipatti Pudur - இடமலைப்பட்டி புதூர் | |
| Coordinates: 10°46′20″N 78°40′4″E / 10.77222°N 78.66778°E / 10.77222; 78.66778 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| District | Tiruchirappalli |
| Government | |
| Type | Ponmalai/K.Abishekapuram |
| Area | |
| Total | 2 sq mi (5 km2) |
| Elevation | 289 ft (88 m) |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 620012 |
| Vehicle registration | TN 45, TN 48 |
| Website | www.trichycorporation.gov.in |


title: Elizabeth Fentress

abstract: Elizabeth Barringer Fentress is a Roman archaeologist who specialises in Italy and North Africa. She has collaborated on the excavation of numerous sites in the Western Mediterranean and published their results. She is also the originator and scientific director of the online database of excavations in Italy, Bulgaria and elsewhere Fasti Online (www.fastionline.org), and editor of its journal Fasti Online Documents & Research (FOLD&R). In 2021 she was awarded the Archaeological Institute of America's 2022 gold medal for distinguished archaeological achievement.

text:
# Elizabeth Fentress

**Elizabeth Barringer Fentress** is a Roman archaeologist who specialises in Italy and North Africa. She has collaborated on the excavation of numerous sites in the Western Mediterranean and published their results. She is also the originator and scientific director of the online database of excavations in Italy, Bulgaria and elsewhere Fasti Online (www.fastionline.org), and editor of its journal Fasti Online Documents & Research (FOLD&R). In 2021 she was awarded the Archaeological Institute of America's 2022 gold medal for distinguished archaeological achievement.

## Biography

Fentress was educated at the University of Pennsylvania (BA 1969 Latin), University College London (MA 1974 Etruscan and Roman Archaeology) and St Hugh's College, Oxford (DPhil 1979 Roman Archaeology, *The Economic Effects of the Roman Army on Southern Numidia*).

She was a visiting professor at University College London (2007–12), (2018-2023), Visiting Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford (2010) and Mellon Professor at the American Academy in Rome (1996–99).

Fentress is a former president of the International Association of Classical Archaeology (AIAC), corresponding member of the German Archaeological Institute and a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries since 2006.

In 2003, she set up Fasti Online, an international database of Mediterranean archaeological excavation. Then in 2013, she was the winner of the first Archaeological Institute of America Award for Outstanding Digital Archaeology. She was an Honorary Visiting Professor at University College London between 2018 and 2023. She was awarded the Archaeological Institute of America's gold medal for distinguished archaeological achievement at the San Francisco meetings in January 2022. Most recently she initiated a new platform, the North African Heritage Archives Network NAHAN, an open- access repository for the archives of North African archaeology.

Her husband James Fentress is an anthropologist and historian.

## Scholarship

Her primary concentration has been on the application of archaeology to history of the longue durée in both the Italian peninsula and the countries of North Africa. Her work has focused on social and economic aspects of Roman landscapes of all periods, with special regard to the interaction between Roman and non-Roman peoples at their points of contact in areas such as slave markets, the limes, urban areas like Cosa in Italy and Meninx, Utica, Sétif and Volubilis in North Africa and an imperial Villa, Villa Magna, in Italy. She is also a leader in the application of open-area, single-context stratigraphic excavation and intensive survey techniques, and she has directed or co-directed the following survey and excavation projects:

## Publications

* *Numidia and the Roman Army* (1979)
* *Fouilles de Setif 1977-1983* (1991)
* (with Michael Brett) *The Berbers* (1996)
* *Romanization and the City, Creation, Transformations and Failures* (2000)
* (with A. Carandini, F. Cambi and M. Grazia Celuzza) Paesaggi d'Etruria tra l'Albegna et la Fiora (2002)
* *Cosa V: An intermittent town* (2003)
* (with M. Laird, S. Leone, C. Goodson) *Walls and Memory: the Abbey of San Sebastiano at Alatri* (2005)
* (with R. Holod and A. Drine) *An Island through time: Jerba Studies volume I* (2009)
* (with Hendrik Dey) *The Spaces of European Monasticism* (2011)
* (with Patrice Cressier) *La Céramique Islamique Maghrébine du haut Moyen Age* (2011)
* (with C. Goodson, M. Maiuro) *Villa Magna : an imperial estate and its legacies : excavations 2006-10* (2016)
* (with H. Limane)  *Volubilis après Rome. Les fouilles UCL/INSAP. 2000-2005* (2019)

## InfoBox

| Elizabeth Barringer FentressFSA | |
| --- | --- |
| Alma mater | University of Oxford |
| Occupation | Archaeologist |


title: Antispila chlorosema

abstract: Antispila chlorosema is a moth of the family Heliozelidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1931. It is found in Chile.

text:
# Antispila chlorosema

***Antispila chlorosema*** is a moth of the family Heliozelidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1931. It is found in Chile.

## InfoBox

| *Antispila chlorosema* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Heliozelidae |
| Genus: | *Antispila* |
| Species: | ***A. chlorosema*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Antispila chlorosema***<br>Meyrick, 1931 | |
|


title: 1871 Rockford Forest Citys season

text:
# 1871 Rockford Forest Citys season

The Rockford Forest Citys played their first and only season in 1871 as a charter member of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. They finished ninth in the league with a record of 4–21. They folded after the season.

## Regular season

Rockford finished with 4 wins and 21 losses, 15½ games behind the champion Philadelphia Athletics club and good for last place. Player-manager Scott Hastings was found to have violated the "60 day rule" implemented by the league—if a player switched teams during the season, the team had to bench him for 60 days before he could play. Hastings had jumped from a Louisiana team to the Forest Citys in the spring and immediately begun playing for Rockford. This complaint was brought before the league, and the Forest Citys were forced to forfeit 4 of their wins.

The star of the team was Cap Anson, who hit .325 for the Forest Citys and would go on to become the player-manager of the Chicago White Stockings for over 20 seasons. Anson was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1939.

### Season standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | T | RF | RA | RD | PCT | GB |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Philadelphia Athletics (C) | 28 | 21 | 7 | 0 | 376 | 266 | +110 | .750 |  |
| 2 | Chicago White Stockings | 28 | 19 | 9 | 0 | 302 | 241 | +61 | .679 | 2 |
| 3 | Boston Red Stockings | 31 | 20 | 10 | 1 | 401 | 303 | +98 | .661 | 2 |
| 4 | Washington Olympics | 32 | 15 | 15 | 2 | 310 | 303 | +7 | .500 | 7 |
| 5 | New York Mutuals | 33 | 16 | 17 | 0 | 302 | 313 | 11 | .485 | 7.5 |
| 6 | Troy Haymakers | 29 | 13 | 15 | 1 | 351 | 362 | 11 | .466 | 8 |
| 7 | Fort Wayne Kekiongas | 19 | 7 | 12 | 0 | 137 | 243 | 106 | .368 | 9.5 |
| 8 | Cleveland Forest Citys | 29 | 10 | 19 | 0 | 249 | 341 | 92 | .345 | 11.5 |
| 9 | Rockford Forest Citys | 25 | 4 | 21 | 0 | 231 | 287 | 56 | .160 | 15.5 |

Source: Baseball Reference
(C) Champions

### Record vs. opponents

| <br>Sources: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | BOS | CHI | CLE | FW | NY | PHI | ROC | TRO | WSH |
| Boston |  | 1–3 | 3–1 | 2–0 | 2–2 | 3–1 | 3–0 | 3–2 | 3–1–1 |
| Chicago | 3–1 |  | 2–1 | 2–0 | 3–1 | 2–3 | 3–0 | 1–1 | 3–2 |
| Cleveland | 1–3 | 1–2 |  | 0–3 | 3–2 | 0–3 | 3–1 | 2–2 | 0–3 |
| Fort Wayne | 0–2 | 0–2 | 3–0 |  | 1–2 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–2 |
| New York | 2–2 | 1–3 | 2–3 | 2–1 |  | 2–3 | 3–1 | 1–3 | 3–1 |
| Philadelphia | 1–3 | 3–2 | 3–0 | 2–0 | 3–2 |  | 3–0 | 3–0 | 3–0 |
| Rockford | 0–3 | 0–3 | 1–3 | 1–1 | 1–3 | 0–3 |  | 1–2 | 0–3 |
| Troy | 2–3 | 1–1 | 2–2 | 1–1 | 3–1 | 0–3 | 2–1 |  | 2–3–1 |
| Washington | 1–3–1 | 2–3 | 3–0 | 2–1 | 1–3 | 0–3 | 3–0 | 3–2–1 |  |

### Roster

| 1871 Rockford Forest Citys | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Roster** | | | | | | | | | |
| **Pitchers** |  | **Catchers** **Infielders** |  | **Outfielders** |  | **Manager** |

## Player stats

### Batting

#### Starters by position

*Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Pos | Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C | Scott Hastings | 25 | 118 | 30 | .254 | 0 | 20 |
| 1B | Denny Mack | 25 | 122 | 30 | .246 | 0 | 17 |
| 2B | Bob Addy | 25 | 118 | 32 | .271 | 0 | 13 |
| SS | Chick Fulmer | 16 | 63 | 17 | .270 | 0 | 3 |
| 3B | Cap Anson | 25 | 120 | 39 | .325 | 0 | 16 |
| OF | George Bird | 25 | 106 | 28 | .264 | 0 | 13 |
| OF | Ralph Ham | 25 | 113 | 28 | .248 | 0 | 12 |
| OF | Gat Stires | 25 | 110 | 30 | .273 | 2 | 24 |

#### Other batters

*Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pony Sager | 8 | 39 | 11 | .282 | 0 | 5 |
| Al Barker | 1 | 4 | 1 | .250 | 0 | 2 |

### Pitching

#### Starting pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Cherokee Fisher | 24 | 213.0 | 4 | 16 | 4.35 | 15 |

#### Relief pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Denny Mack | 3 | 13.0 | 0 | 1 | 3.46 | 1 |

## InfoBox

| 1871 Rockford Forest Citys | |
| --- | --- |
| League | National Association of Professional Base Ball Players |
| Ballpark | Agricultural Society Fair Grounds |
| City | Rockford, Illinois |
| Managers | Scott Hastings |


title: Alura Coaches

abstract: Alura Coaches, formerly Crowthers. is an Australian coach charter coach company in Sydney. Until January 2009 it operated route bus services in the Sutherland Shire.

text:
# Alura Coaches

**Alura Coaches**, formerly **Crowthers**. is an Australian coach charter coach company in Sydney. Until January 2009 it operated route bus services in the Sutherland Shire.

## History

In the early 1900s, S Crowthers and Sons Pty Ltd established a small bus service in Thirroul eventually expanding further south to Dapto. In July 1952 Crowthers began operations in Sydney purchasing route 65 that operated between Cronulla railway station and South Cronulla from Ryder & Moore. In 1966 the service was extended to Caringbah.

In 1998 Barry and Paul Crowther purchased the company from their family.

For the Sydney Olympic Games in 2000 Crowthers were contracted to manage a fleet of 126 buses and over 200 drivers Olympic sponsors.

When the Sydney Metropolitan Bus System Contracts were established in 2005, the operation area of Crowthers Bus Service belonged to part of region 11, which was shared with Maianbar Bundeena Bus Service and Tiger Tours.

In January 2009 Veolia Transport purchased the route bus operations of Crowthers with six buses.

Crowthers had also operated coaches since at least June 1981 when a new Domino Tourmaster was purchased. From 2005 until 2012, two coaches were painted in Australian Pacific Tours livery with Crowthers acting as a sub-contractor to the tourism company. In September 2023, Crowthers was rebranded Alura Coaches.

With the introduction of the Passenger Transport Act of 1990, there was a consolidation of routes. Both Crowther's routes 65 and 66 and Nicholson's route 67 Cronulla to Kurnell were covered by one contract, leading to the operators combining their services under the BusLink brand in November 1992.

The routes were restructured with 984 and 985 operated by Crowthers and 987 by Nicholsons:

In May 2000 Crowthers took over the operation of Nicholson's service.

Crowthers also operated the *Shire Shuttle*, a Sutherland Shire Council sponsored late-night/early morning service providing free transport from major pubs and clubs. Crowthers also ran a service called the *Sharks Shuttle* which provided a free service to Endeavour Field from Heathcote, Engadine and Sutherland during Cronulla Sharks home games.

## InfoBox

| Parent | Barry & Paul Crowther |
| --- | --- |
| Commenced operation | circa 1900s |
| Headquarters | Mascot |
| Service type | Coach charter services |
| Depots | 1 |
| Fleet | 3 (May 2014) |
| Website | www.crowtherscoaches.com.au |


title: Alvester Garnett

abstract: Alvester Garnett is an American jazz drummer who, among many other productions, has appeared on Great Performances on PBS in a tribute to Kurt Weill. Garnett has played with Abbey Lincoln, Betty Carter, Regina Carter, Clark Terry, Pharoah Sanders, Dee Dee Bridgewater, Teddy Edwards, James Carter, Cyrus Chestnut, Charenee Wade, Lou Donaldson, Benny Golson, Al Grey, Rodney Jones, and Sherman Irby, and others.

text:
# Alvester Garnett

**Alvester Garnett** (born July 17, 1970) is an American jazz drummer who, among many other productions, has appeared on *Great Performances* on PBS in a tribute to Kurt Weill. Garnett has played with Abbey Lincoln, Betty Carter, Regina Carter, Clark Terry, Pharoah Sanders, Dee Dee Bridgewater, Teddy Edwards, James Carter, Cyrus Chestnut, Charenee Wade, Lou Donaldson, Benny Golson, Al Grey, Rodney Jones, and Sherman Irby, and others.

## Discography

### As sideman

**With Regina Carter**

* 2000 *Motor City Moments*
* 2003 *Paganini: After a Dream*
* 2006 *I'll Be Seeing You: A Sentimental Journey*
* 2010 *Reverse Thread*
* 2014 *Southern Comfort*
* 2017 *Ella: Accentuate the Positive*

**With Abbey Lincoln**

**With others**

## InfoBox

| Alvester Garnett | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1970-07-17) July 17, 1970<br>Richmond, Virginia, U.S. |
| Genres | Jazz |
| Instruments | Drums |


title: Alveston

abstract: Alveston is a village, civil parish and former royal manor in South Gloucestershire, England, inhabited in 2014 by about 3,000 people. The village lies 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Thornbury and 10 miles (16 km) north of Bristol. Alveston is twinned with Courville sur Eure, France. The civil parish also includes the villages of Rudgeway and Earthcott.

text:
# Alveston

**Alveston** is a village, civil parish and former royal manor in South Gloucestershire, England, inhabited in 2014 by about 3,000 people. The village lies 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Thornbury and 10 miles (16 km) north of Bristol. Alveston is twinned with Courville sur Eure, France. The civil parish also includes the villages of Rudgeway and Earthcott.

## Neolithic to Bronze Age

A scheduled Round barrow is situated next to Vattingstone Lane on the summit of the prominent hill called Alveston Down. The barrow survives as a circular flat-topped mound measuring approximately 25 m (82 ft) in diameter and 1 m (3 ft 3 in) high.

The barrow is known in old documents by the place name 'Langeley' and is mentioned in charters as being re-purposed as a moot/ meeting place for the Anglo-Saxon 'Langeley Hundred'. It was partially excavated in 1890 when a primary deposit of ashes and burnt bone was discovered beneath a covering of sand and small stones.

## Iron Age

A ritual deposit of bones, dating to about 2000 years ago, has been found in a cave in the village. The remains of at least seven humans have been excavated. At least one skull showed signs that it had been pole-axed and then smashed inwards. An adult human femur had been split lengthwise so that the bone marrow could be scraped out. This finding is evidence of cannibalism, which is also suspected from other Iron Age deposits in Britain. Many bones of dogs, and a few cattle and possibly one bear bone, were also found.

## Descent of the manor

### Domesday Book

The Domesday Book of 1086 recorded the following entry for Alveston: *In Langelei Hundredum tenuit comes Herald Alwestan ibi erant X hidae in dominio, I carruca, XXIII villi, V bordarii cui XXII carrucae, II servii. Ibi ppos..accrevc.. II carucae, V servos. Reddat XII libri ad pensu*. Translated as follows: "In Langeley Hundred Earl Harold held Alveston. There were there 10 hides in demesne, 1 plough-team, 23 villeins, 5 bordars for whom there were 22 plough-teams, 2 serfs. There....2 plough-teams, 5 serfs. It returned £12...." This was a very large manor, of 35 households in total. As the manor had been held by King Harold Godwinson it was seized into the royal demesne by William the Conqueror and remained in use as a royal hunting park until 1149.

### Illness of William Rufus

Early in March 1093 King William II (1087–1100) was at the royal manor of Alveston, possibly awaiting his passage across the River Severn to Wales via the Aust ferry. He was suddenly attacked by a serious illness, thought to have been a disorder of the stomach or bowels. He was immediately rushed to Gloucester Castle 25 miles to the north, near which the monks of Gloucester Abbey were relied upon to provide a medical cure. It was believed the illness had been brought on as a result of the king's sinful behaviour and he determined to repent and make amends. This illness contracted at Alveston thus resulted in the issuance of a charter which elaborated the king's coronation pledge, akin to a charter of liberties. He pledged to protect and defend the church, to abolish simony, to abolish unjust laws and deter wrong-doers. He ordered the release of prisoners, remission of debts and all offences against himself he pardoned. He was confined to his chamber for the whole of Lent, covering the period 2 March to 17 April 1093. On 6 March he consented to appoint Anselm Abbot of Bec as Archbishop of Canterbury, which he had previously strongly opposed.

### FitzWarin

In 1149 it was granted by Henry Plantagenet, then heir to the throne of King Stephen (1135–1154) to Fulk I FitzWarin (died 1171), a powerful Marcher Lord from Shropshire. In 1160 Fulk was in charge of arming and provisioning for King Henry II (1154–1189) Dover Castle, the second most important fortress in England after the Tower of London. Henry trusted Fulk and valued his services. The grant was a reward for Fulk's loyalty to the cause of Henry's mother the Empress Matilda in the civil war with "The Usurper" Stephen.

Alveston was inherited in 1171 by Fulk's son Fulk II. During the Barons' wars of the reign of King John (1199–1216) which led up to Magna Carta signed in 1215, Fulk II's son and heir Fulk III FitzWarin (died 1258) rebelled, and the manor escheated to the crown and passed temporarily into the stewardship of Hugh de Nevill. In 1204 Fulk III regained possession, but on 30 June 1216 King John ordered that Alveston should be seized once again from Fulk III FitzWarin. On 15 January 1230 King Henry III granted the park of Alveston back to Fulk III FitzWarin, and Fulk is recorded as having incurred a debt of 300 marks for this grant As a royal favour the king pardoned Fulk 200 marks of this debt.

Clearly Fulk was then in royal favour as in June 1234 he received from the king a gift of three deer from the royal Forest of Cannock. In September he received two bucks and eight does from the royal Forest of Braden, north Wiltshire, to help him to stock his deer park at Alveston. In 1236 Fulk was given another six does from Braden and six more from the Forest of Selwood, again to help him stock his park at Alveston. In November 1246 the king gave Fulk another six bucks and ten does for the same purpose. In 1249 Fulk III became involved in a lengthy legal dispute brought against him by Nicholas Poyntz, his near neighbour from Iron Acton who had accused Fulk of expelling him from the common pasture of Tockington, which adjoined Alveston manor.

Fulk IV FitzWarin fell at the Battle of Lewes in 1264, loyally supporting King Henry III in his struggle against the barons. He left his son and heir a minor, Fulk V (died 1314). Fulk V was awarded in Wardship, probably by Simon de Montfort, victor of Lewes, to Peter de Montfort (died 1265), "The Nemesis of the Marcher Lords". He was rescued from this unpleasant position by his warder's death at the Battle of Evesham following which King Henry III re-granted him in wardship to the Fitzwarin's long-time friend Hamo le Strange. In 1273 Fulk V attained his majority of 21 years of age and gained possession of his father's lands including Alveston.

#### Legend of Fouke le Warin

The early 14th-century legend, based on a lost 13th-century ancestral romance relates as follows, regarding the donation of Alveston ("Alleston") to Fulk by King Henry (translated from French):

> King Henry called Fulk, and made him constable of all his host; and placed under his command all the force of his land, and that he should take people enough and go to the march, and drive thence Jervard Droyndoun and his power
>
> out of the march. Thus was Fulk made master over all; for he was strong and courageous. The king remained at Gloucester; for he was ailing, and not in a condition for labour. Jervard had taken entirely the whole march from Chester to Worcester, and he had disinherited all the barons of the march. Sir Fulk, with the king's host, gave many fierce assaults to Jervard ; and in a battle near Hereford, at Wormeslow, made him fly and quit the field. But before he fled, many were killed on both sides. Fierce and hard war between Fulk and the prince lasted four years, until at the request of the king of France a love-day was taken at Shrewsbury between the king and Jervard the prince, and they embraced mutually and came to an agreement. And the prince restored to the barons of the march all the lands which he had taken from them, and restored Ellesmere to the king; but for no gold would he render White-Town and Maelor. " Fulk," said the king, " since you have lost White-Town and Maelor, I give you instead **Alleston** and all the honour which belongs to it, to hold for ever." Fulk thanked him dearly.

Furthermore:

> *Cesti Fouke fust bon viaundour e large; e fesoit turner le real chemyn par mi sa sale a soun maner de Alleston, pur ce que nul estraunge y dust passer s'il n'avoit viaunde ou herbergage ou autre honour ou bien du suen*. (This Fulk was very hospitable and liberal; and he caused the king's road to be turned through his hall at his manor of **Alleston**, in order that no stranger might pass there without having meat or lodging or other honour or goods of his)".

### De Gloucester

On 28 September 1309 Fulk V obtained royal licence to grant the manor of Alveston, which was held in-chief from the king, to Walter de Gloucester (died 1310) for life. Walter was Sheriff of Somerset & Dorset 1293–1298 and in 1309 Escheator *citra Trentam* ("on this side of the River Trent"). Little is known of the origin or history of this family, but Sir Robert Atkyns (died 1711) in his "History of Gloucestershire" stated him to be a younger son of Fulk FitzWarin, yet failed to explain his deduction. He may in fact have been the son-in-law of Fulk as his widow is recorded with the name of "Margaret Waryn" and was still alive in 1322, as the Inquisition *post mortem* of Walter's son Walter (died 1322) (sometime Escheator of Gloucestershire)states her to have been then holding in dower 1/3rd of the manor of Alveston. The grant to Walter (died 1310) in 1309 was in fact made, contrary to the licence, "in fee" (i.e. hereditable) and Walter's grandson, another Walter de Gloucester (died 1360) was still in possession of the manor of Alveston in 1340/1. The trespass of obtaining a grant in fee without licence to alienate a tenancy-in-chief was pardoned on 28 July 1340 to Walter of Gloucester on payment of a fine.

### Corbet

The de Gloucester manors of Alveston and "Urcott" (Earthcott Green) together with Langley Hundred were settled during the reign of King Edward III (1327–1377) onto the heir of Peter Corbet (died 1363) of Hope, Salop., and later of Siston. Walter FitzWalter de Gloucester (died 1360) had married Petronilla (or Pernel), one of the three daughters of William Corbet (born c. 1280) of Chaddesley Corbett, Worcs., and Siston, Gloucestershire. In 1342 following this marriage Walter settled the manors of Alveston and Erdecote and the hundred of "Langele" on himself and his wife for their joint lives and the life of the survivor of them, with remainder to their joint issue, and in default of such issue with remainder to Peter Corbet of Syston and his heirs. Peter Corbet (died 1362) was the next younger brother and heir of William Corbet (who presumably was dead by then and unlike his brother had no male offspring) and was therefore Petronilla's uncle. Walter and Petronilla's son Peter de Gloucester married a certain Alice. Peter de Gloucester died childless before 1370, as is apparent from the fact that the settlement made by his father had taken effect by then in granting the de Gloucester lands, including Alveston, to John Corbet (died 1370), the grandson and heir of Sir Peter Corbet (died 1362). John Corbet had outlived his father William who had a short life, but himself died aged only 17, leaving his triplet William Corbet (1353–1378) his heir, who in turn also died young in 1378 aged only 25. Alice de Gloucester, widow of Peter de Gloucester, was then still alive and was recorded in the Inquisition *post mortem* of William Corbet dated 1378 as holding 1/3rd dower share of Alveston. The young William Corbet had become a merchant dealing in the wool-trade as on his death he owed the very great sum of £320 for merchandise received to the Bristol merchant and clothier John Canynges (died 1405), father of the great Bristol merchant William II Canynges (died 1474). This sum had been incurred before 1375, as a record from that year of Extent for Debts heard before Walter Frampton, Mayor of the Staple of Bristol reveals, and represented several multiples of the annual value of the revenue from all the Corbet family's Gloucestershire manors, and clearly placed the inheritance in a precarious position. Indeed, John Canynges and his business partner William Cheddar the Elder had taken temporary possession of William Corbet's 2/3rds occupancy of Alveston manor as security for their debt, and later granted it by gift to William II Canynges (died 1474) who held it from them as a "free tenant". Young William's own heir was his sister Margaret Corbet (died 1398), who brought the Corbet manors to her husband William Wyriott (died 1379) from Pembrokeshire. Wyriott died before the couple had produced any offspring and Margaret married secondly Sir Gilbert Denys (died 1422) from Waterton in the lordship of Coity, Glamorgan. Thus the manors of Alveston, Earthcott Green and Siston together with Langley Hundred entered into the possession of the Denys family.

### Denys

The widow Alice de Gloucester remarried to Alan Eckylsale and the couple remitted all their rights in her 1/3 dower in Alveston in consideration of 100 marks paid by Gilbert Denys and Margaret. who thus had obtained vacant possession of the manor.

## Modern Alveston

In the 19th century, the village of Alveston was centred on Church Farm, on the lane leading from Rudgeway to Iron Acton. Some people consider the modern Alveston to be centred on the Ship Inn. The Ship Inn at Alveston is an old Coaching House which dates back to 1589. In the 19th century, the area around the Ship Inn was known as Alveston Green. Most consider Alveston Parade – a small shopping area – to be the centre.

The main road to Gloucester originally passed the Ship Inn, before turning east to join the current line of the A38 trunk road. A short bypass was added during the 20th century.

Alveston Golf Club (now defunct) was founded in 1903/4. The club was wound up in 1948.

## Marlwood School

Marlwood School is a mixed comprehensive which serves Alveston and the surrounding area. The school was founded in 1069 as Thornbury's grammar school , but relocated to its present site in 1972 when it became comprehensive. It is so named because of its location adjacent to the Marlwood Estate. The school marked its 400th anniversary in 2006 and several events took place in celebration.

## Two St Helens Churches

The ruins of Alveston Old Church of St Helens is situated in Rudgeway, south of the modern village of Alveston, along the A38. The separate parish of Alveston was not formed until 1846, before which time Alveston manor was within the parish of Olveston. Following the development and growth of the modern village of Alveston some distance away from the manor house and the Church of St. Helen next door to it, it was determined by the village authorities to build a new church, again dedicated to St Helen, nearer to the new village. The old church fell into disuse and decay, and today only the tower and south aisle wall remain standing, although the structure has been restored to a high standard by the aerospace company Rolls-Royce plc, the owner of both the former manor house, now used for corporate hospitality and known as "Old Church Farm", and the church itself.

## Sources

## Further reading

* King, Rosemary, Alveston Through Time, published by Amberley Press. Includes 96 early photographs of Alveston landmarks.

## Notes and references

## InfoBox

| Alveston | |
| --- | --- |
| AlvestonLocation within Gloucestershire | |
| Population | 3,048 (2021 Census) |
| OS grid reference | ST631879 |
| Civil parish | * Alveston |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Bristol |
| Postcode district | BS35 |
| Dialling code | 01454 |
|  | |
| Police | Avon and Somerset |
| Fire | Avon |
| Ambulance | South Western |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: 1874 in Australian literature

abstract: This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during 1874.

text:
# 1874 in Australian literature

This article presents a list of the historical events and publications of Australian literature during **1874**.

## Books

## Short stories

## Poetry

## Births

A list, ordered by date of birth (and, if the date is either unspecified or repeated, ordered alphabetically by surname) of births in 1874 of Australian literary figures, authors of written works or literature-related individuals follows, including year of death.


title: 1874 in Brazil

abstract: Events in the year 1874 in Brazil.

text:
# 1874 in Brazil

Events in the year **1874 in Brazil**.

## Incumbents

## Events

* May 24 - Revolt of the Muckers: religious service was held in Ferrabraz, where Jacobina announced the end of the world and ordered the extermination of 16 enemy families
* June 15 - Revolt of the Muckers: massacre of the Kassel family
* June 25 - Revolt of the Muckers: 14 houses of the Muckers' enemies were burned and 10 people were killed, including children
* June 28 - Revolt of the Muckers: police attack Muckers but are defeated
* August 2 - Jacobina Mentz and most of her followers killed by police, who were helped by informant Carlos Luppa. End of the Revolt of the Muckers.
* November - Quebra–Quilos revolt

## Births

## Deaths


title: Earl C. Michener

abstract: Earl Cory Michener was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. Michener had German ancestry. He was born near Attica in Seneca County, Ohio. He moved with his parents to Adrian, Michigan, in 1889 and attended the public schools there. During the Spanish–American War, he served in the U.S. Army as a private in Company B, Thirty-first Regiment, Michigan Volunteer Infantry, from April 26, 1898, to May 17, 1899. He studied law at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1901 and 1902, and graduated from the law department of Columbian University, Washington, D.C., in 1903 where he was a member of Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Adrian. He served as assistant prosecuting attorney for Lenawee County from 1907 to 1910 and prosecuting attorney from 1911 to 1914. In 1918, Michener defeated incumbent Democrat Samuel W. Beakes to be elected as a Republican from Michigan's 2nd congressional district to the 69th United States Congress. He was subsequently re-elected to the following six Congresses, serving from March 4, 1919, to March 3, 1933. In 1926, he was one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives to conduct the impeachment proceedings against George W. English, judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Illinois. Michener was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1932, losing to Democrat John C. Lehr. Two years later he defeated Lehr, to be elected to 74th Congress and was subsequently re-elected to the seven succeeding Congresses, serving from January 3, 1935, to January 3, 1951. He served as chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary in the 80th Congress, and introduced the resolution that ultimately became the Twenty-second Amendment. He was not a candidate for re-election in 1950. Earl C. Michener maintained law offices in Adrian, until his death there. He was interred in Oakwood Cemetery.

text:
# Earl C. Michener

**Earl Cory Michener** (November 30, 1876 – July 4, 1957) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan.

Michener had German ancestry. He was born near Attica in Seneca County, Ohio. He moved with his parents to Adrian, Michigan, in 1889 and attended the public schools there. During the Spanish–American War, he served in the U.S. Army as a private in Company B, Thirty-first Regiment, Michigan Volunteer Infantry, from April 26, 1898, to May 17, 1899. He studied law at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1901 and 1902, and graduated from the law department of Columbian University (now George Washington University), Washington, D.C., in 1903 where he was a member of Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Adrian. He served as assistant prosecuting attorney for Lenawee County from 1907 to 1910 and prosecuting attorney from 1911 to 1914.

In 1918, Michener defeated incumbent Democrat Samuel W. Beakes to be elected as a Republican from Michigan's 2nd congressional district to the 69th United States Congress. He was subsequently re-elected to the following six Congresses, serving from March 4, 1919, to March 3, 1933. In 1926, he was one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives to conduct the impeachment proceedings against George W. English, judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Illinois.

Michener was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1932, losing to Democrat John C. Lehr. Two years later he defeated Lehr, to be elected to 74th Congress and was subsequently re-elected to the seven succeeding Congresses, serving from January 3, 1935, to January 3, 1951. He served as chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary in the 80th Congress, and introduced the resolution that ultimately became the Twenty-second Amendment. He was not a candidate for re-election in 1950.

Earl C. Michener maintained law offices in Adrian, until his death there. He was interred in Oakwood Cemetery.

## InfoBox

| Earl Cory Michener | |
| --- | --- |
| From *Pictorial Directory of the 81st Congress* (1949) | |
|  | |
| Chair of the House Judiciary Committee | |
| **In office**
January 3, 1947  January 3, 1949 | |
| Preceded by | Hatton W. Sumners |
| Succeeded by | Emanuel Celler |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Michigan's 2nd district | |
| **In office**
January 3, 1935  January 3, 1951 | |
| Preceded by | John C. Lehr |
| Succeeded by | George Meader |
| **In office**
March 4, 1919  March 3, 1933 | |
| Preceded by | Samuel W. Beakes |
| Succeeded by | John C. Lehr |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1876-11-30)November 30, 1876
Attica, Ohio, U.S. |
| Died | July 4, 1957(1957-07-04) (aged 80)
Adrian, Michigan, U.S. |
| Resting place | Oakwood Cemetery
Adrian, Michigan |
| Political party | Republican |
| Alma mater | University of Michigan
George Washington University |
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Branch/service | United States Army |
| Battles/wars | Spanish–American War |
|  | |