title: 1990 ATP Challenger Series

abstract: The ATP Challenger Series is the second-tier tour for professional tennis organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 1990 ATP Challenger Series calendar comprises 71 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $25,000 up to $100,000.

text:
# 1990 ATP Challenger Series

The **ATP Challenger Series** is the second-tier tour for professional tennis organised by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). The 1990 ATP Challenger Series calendar comprises 71 tournaments, with prize money ranging from $25,000 up to $100,000.

## Schedule

### January

| Week of | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| January 1 | *No tournaments scheduled.* | | | | |
| January 8 | *No tournaments scheduled.* | | | | |
| January 15 | Jakarta-1 Challenger
Jakarta, Indonesia
$25,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Horst Skoff**
6–2, 4–6, 6–1 | Chris Garner | Brian Devening
Kim Bong-soo | Yoo Jin-Sun
Xavier Daufresne
Pablo Arraya
Thomas Buchmayer |
| | | **Eric Amend**
**Tom Mercer**
6–4, 6–7, 6–3 | Adam Malik
Joseph Russell | | |
| January 22 | Intersport Heilbronn Open
Heilbronn, West Germany
$50,000 – carpet (I) – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Milan Šrejber**
7–6, 4–6, 7–6 | Alexander Mronz | Christian Saceanu
Jeff Tarango | Mark Kaplan
Olivier Soules
Martin Sinner
Jörgen Windahl |
| | | **David Rikl**
**Tomáš Anzari**
7–6, 7–6 | Byron Talbot
Jörgen Windahl | | |
| January 29 | *No tournaments scheduled.* | | | | |

### February

| Week of | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| February 5 | Telford Challenger
Telford, Great Britain
$50,000 – carpet (I) – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Fabrice Santoro**
6–3, 5–7, 6–4 | Peter Nyborg | Andrew Castle
Brian Garrow | Chris Bailey
Simon Youl
Patrick Baur
Christian Bergström |
| | | **Nick Brown**
**Nick Fulwood**
6–4, 7–5 | Russell Barlow
Martin Sinner | | |
| February 12 | Croydon Challenger
Croydon, Great Britain
$50,000 – carpet (I) – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Christian Saceanu**
6–3, 6–0 | Udo Riglewski | Olivier Soules
Nuno Marques | Robbie Weiss
Chris Bailey
Alexander Mronz
Nick Brown |
| | | **Andrew Castle**
**Olivier Delaître**
7–6, 6–3 | Nick Brown
Nick Fulwood | | |
| | Nairobi-1 Challenger
Nairobi, Kenya
$25,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Christian Miniussi**
2–6, 6–3, 6–4 | Pablo Arraya | Joseph Russell
Menno Oosting | Oliver Fuchs
Josef Čihák
Sascha Nensel
Ugo Colombini |
| | **Eduardo Masso**
**Christian Miniussi**
3–6, 7–5, 7–6 | João Cunha e Silva
Menno Oosting | | |
| | São Paulo-1 Challenger
São Paulo, Brazil
$50,000 – hard – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Miguel Nido**
6–3, 6–4 | Cássio Motta | Ivan Kley
José Daher | Juan Pino
Jeff Tarango
Javier Frana
Pablo Albano |
| | **Javier Frana**
**Gustavo Luza**
6–3, 7–6 | Ricardo Camargo
Ivan Kley | | |
| February 19 | Nairobi-2 Challenger
Nairobi, Kenya
$25,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Christian Miniussi**
6–2, 7–6 | Menno Oosting | Srinivasan Vasudevan
Thomas Buchmayer | Torben Theine
Cyril Suk
Pablo Arraya
João Cunha e Silva |
| | | **João Cunha e Silva**
**Eduardo Masso**
6–4, 7–5 | Zeeshan Ali
Libor Pimek | | |
| February 26 | Palm Hills International Tennis Challenger
Cairo, Egypt
$100,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Thomas Muster**
6–4, 6–3 | José Francisco Altur | Tomás Carbonell
Jordi Arrese | Simon Youl
Todd Woodbridge
Nuno Marques
Johan Anderson |
| | | **David Rikl**
**Tomáš Anzari**
6–3, 6–7, 7–5 | Eduardo Masso
Christian Miniussi | | |

### March

| Week of | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| March 5 | Martinique Challenger
Martinique, French West Indies
$50,000 – hard – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Guillaume Raoux**
3–6, 6–3, 6–3 | Robbie Weiss | David Engel
Bruno Orešar | Tom Nijssen
Paul Wekesa
Arnaud Boetsch
Johan Carlsson |
| | | **Olivier Delaître**
**Guillaume Raoux**
6–3, 7–5 | Todd Nelson
Roger Smith | | |
| March 12 | Agadir Challenger
Agadir, Morocco
$75,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Thomas Muster**
6–2, 7–5 | Guillermo Pérez Roldán | Richard Fromberg
Paul Haarhuis | Franco Davín
Mark Koevermans
Roberto Azar
Christian Miniussi |
| | | **Josef Čihák**
**Cyril Suk**
W/O | Omar Camporese
Diego Nargiso | | |
| March 19 | *No tournaments scheduled.* | | | | |
| March 26 | Estoril Challenger
Estoril, Portugal
$100,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Thierry Tulasne**
6–2, 2–3, retired | Christian Miniussi | Lars Jönsson
Nuno Marques | Fabrice Santoro
Richard Fromberg
Udo Riglewski
Fernando Luna |
| | | **Karsten Braasch**
**Hendrik Jan Davids**
5–7, 7–5, 6–2 | Tomás Carbonell
Udo Riglewski | | |
| | Jerusalem Challenger
Jerusalem, Israel
$50,000 – hard – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Raviv Weidenfeld**
5–7, 6–4, 7–6 | Shahar Perkiss | Martin Sinner
Cristiano Caratti | Gilad Bloom
Christian Geyer
Mark Kaplan
Christian Saceanu |
| | **Henrik Holm**
**Peter Nyborg**
6–1, 2–6, 6–3 | Cristian Brandi
Cristiano Caratti | | |

### April

| Week of | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| April 2 | Zaragoza Challenger
Zaragoza, Spain
$50,000 – clay (I) – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Carlos Costa**
6–3, 6–4 | Francesco Cancellotti | Stefano Pescosolido
José Francisco Altur | Aki Rahunen
Francisco Roig
Claudio Pistolesi
Diego Nargiso |
| | | **David Rikl**
**Tomáš Anzari**
6–3, 7–6 | Carlos Costa
Francisco Roig | | |
| April 9 | Brasília-1 Challenger
Brasília, Brazil
$100,000 – carpet – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Olivier Delaître**
7–6, 6–1 | Brian Garrow | Patrick Baur
Gianluca Pozzi | Simone Colombo
Chris Pridham
Nelson Aerts
Cássio Motta |
| | | **Nelson Aerts**
**Fernando Roese**
6–3, 7–5 | Simone Colombo
César Kist | | |
| | Cape Town Challenger
Cape Town, South Africa
$100,000 – hard (I) – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Gary Muller**
5–7, 6–2, 6–3 | Jeremy Bates | Neil Borwick
Darren Cahill | Christian Geyer
Pieter Aldrich
Johan Kriek
Danie Visser |
| | **Jeremy Bates**
**Marius Barnard**
6–3, 6–1 | Wayne Ferreira
Piet Norval | | |
| | Parioli Challenger
Rome, Italy
$50,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Fernando Luna**
6–3, 4–6, 6–4 | Magnus Larsson | Christian Miniussi
David Engel | Branislav Stankovič
Nicklas Kulti
Stefano Pescosolido
Thomas Haldin |
| | **Branislav Stankovič**
**Richard Vogel**
7–5, 6–3 | Nicola Bruno
Stefano Pescosolido | | |
| | San Luis Potosí Challenger
San Luis Potosí, Mexico
$100,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Ricki Osterthun**
6–4, 6–4 | MaliVai Washington | Leonardo Lavalle
Philip Johnson | Christian Bergström
Hendrik Jan Davids
Scott Warner
Carl Limberger |
| | **Leonardo Lavalle**
**Jorge Lozano**
5–7, 6–3, 6–2 | Luis Herrera
Fernando Pérez Pascal | | |
| April 16 | Durban Challenger
Durban, South Africa
$50,000 – hard – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Jeremy Bates**
6–4, 6–1 | Grant Stafford | Stefan Kruger
Robbie Weiss | Johan Kriek
Michael Robertson
Wayne Ferreira
Martin Sinner |
| | | **Wayne Ferreira**
**Piet Norval**
6–0, 2–6, 6–3 | Stefan Kruger
Greg Van Emburgh | | |
| | Mexico City Challenger
Mexico City, Mexico
$100,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Francisco Maciel**
2–6, 7–6, 6–3 | Luis Herrera | Pablo Arraya
Jorge Lozano | Andrew Sznajder
Leonardo Lavalle
Bryan Shelton
Martin Wostenholme |
| | **Pablo Albano**
**Ville Jansson**
7–6, 4–6, 7–5 | Nduka Odizor
Bryan Shelton | | |
| | Porto Challenger
Porto, Portugal
$100,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Mark Koevermans**
6–3, 6–3 | Franco Davín | Richard Fromberg
Tarik Benhabiles | Nuno Marques
Renzo Furlan
Jens Wöhrmann
Lawson Duncan |
| | **Eduardo Bengoechea**
**Christian Miniussi**
6–0, 6–3 | José Clavet
Francisco Roig | | |
| April 23 | Nagoya Challenger
Nagoya, Japan
$50,000 – hard – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Ramesh Krishnan**
6–2, 6–4 | Brian Garrow | Shuzo Matsuoka
Chris Pridham | Ctislav Doseděl
Christian Saceanu
Buff Farrow
Menno Oosting |
| | | **Johan Carlsson**
**David Lewis**
7–5, 6–2 | Shuzo Matsuoka
Shigeru Ota | | |
| | Pretoria Challenger
Pretoria, South Africa
$25,000 – hard (I) – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Martin Sinner**
6–4, 6–4 | Wayne Ferreira | Robbie Weiss
Christian Geyer | Byron Talbot
Alexander Mronz
Royce Deppe
Martin Davis |
| | **Mark Keil**
**Scott Patridge**
6–7, 6–4, 6–4 | Stefan Kruger
Greg Van Emburgh | | |
| April 30 | Tampa Challenger
Tampa, United States
$50,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Bryan Shelton**
6–7, 6–2, 6–1 | Broderick Dyke | Ville Jansson
Jimmy Brown | John Sobel
Pablo Arraya
David Pate
John Ross |
| | | **Ken Flach**
**Doug Flach**
3–6, 7–6, 6–4 | Broderick Dyke
Tobias Svantesson | | |

### May

| Week of | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| May 7 | Kuala Lumpur Challenger
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
$50,000 – hard – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Nduka Odizor**
6–3, 3–6, 6–3 | Ctislav Doseděl | Jacco Eltingh
Jan Siemerink | David Harkness
Menno Oosting
Bruce Derlin
Jonathan Canter |
| | | **Nduka Odizor**
**Paul Wekesa**
6–3, 6–4 | Jonathan Canter
Bruce Derlin | | |
| | Renault Slovenian Open
Ljubljana, Yugoslavia
$50,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Magnus Larsson**
7–5, 6–7, 7–6 | Diego Nargiso | Omar Camporese
Mark Koevermans | Andres Võsand
Bart Wuyts
Carlos Costa
Massimo Cierro |
| | **Carlos Costa**
**Francisco Roig**
6–7, 6–4, 6–4 | Omar Camporese
Mark Koevermans | | |
| May 14 | Bangkok Challenger
Bangkok, Thailand
$25,000 – hard – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Ctislav Doseděl**
6–3, 6–4 | Patrick Baur | Menno Oosting
João Cunha e Silva | Jan Siemerink
Nduka Odizor
Jonathan Canter
Harald Rittersbacher |
| | | **Jonathan Canter**
**Bruce Derlin**
6–4, 6–4 | Neil Borwick
David Lewis | | |
| May 21 | *No tournaments scheduled.* | | | | |
| May 28 | Franken Challenge
Fürth, West Germany
$50,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Jeff Tarango**
6–0, 6–0 | Felipe Rivera | Pablo Arraya
Bart Wuyts | Richard Vogel
Marcos Górriz
Peter Ballauff
Jan Apell |
| | | **Peter Ballauff**
**Ricki Osterthun**
7–6, 4–6, 6–3 | Marcos Górriz
Andrei Olhovskiy | | |

### June

| Week of | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| June 4 | *No tournaments scheduled.* | | | | |
| June 11 | *No tournaments scheduled.* | | | | |
| June 18 | *No tournaments scheduled.* | | | | |
| June 25 | Turin Challenger
Turin, Italy
$50,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **João Cunha e Silva**
7–6, 6–7, 6–4 | Jimmy Brown | Gabriel Markus
Marcos Górriz | Bernd Karbacher
Bart Wuyts
Renzo Furlan
Pablo Arraya |
| | | **Neil Borwick**
**David Lewis**
6–2, 3–6, 6–2 | Christer Allgårdh
Martin Sinner | | |

### July

| Week of | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| July 2 | Salou Challenger
Salou, Spain
$75,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Marcelo Filippini**
6–3, 6–1 | Jimmy Arias | Renzo Furlan
Francisco Clavet | Jimmy Brown
José Francisco Altur
David de Miguel
Philip Johnson |
| | | **Neil Borwick**
**David Lewis**
6–3, 5–7, 6–3 | Jimmy Arias
Steve DeVries | | |
| July 9 | Neu-Ulm Challenger
Neu-Ulm, West Germany
$50,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Dimitri Poliakov**
3–6, 7–5, 6–3 | Bart Wuyts | Marcelo Ingaramo
Claudio Pistolesi | Jens Wöhrmann
Gabriel Markus
Renzo Furlan
Rüdiger Haas |
| | | **Massimo Cierro**
**Simone Colombo**
0–6, 6–2, 6–1 | George Cosac
Vojtěch Flégl | | |
| July 16 | Bristol Challenger
Bristol, Great Britain
$50,000 – grass – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Christian Saceanu**
6–3, 6–7, 6–3 | Arnaud Boetsch | Mark Petchey
Chris Wilkinson | Peter Nyborg
Menno Oosting
Royce Deppe
Libor Pimek |
| | | **Andrei Olhovskiy**
**Olli Rahnasto**
7–5, 6–4 | Arnaud Boetsch
Peter Nyborg | | |
| | Gramado Challenger
Gramado, Brazil
$50,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Pedro Rebolledo**
6–2, 6–3 | Christian Weis | William Kyriakos
Pablo Albano | José Clavet
Eduardo Bengoechea
Agustín Moreno
João Cunha e Silva |
| | **Ivan Kley**
**Vicente Solves**
6–3, 7–5 | Pablo Albano
Eduardo Bengoechea | | |
| | Tampere Open
Tampere, Finland
$100,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Renzo Furlan**
6–3, 6–3 | Fernando Luna | Veli Paloheimo
Nicklas Kulti | Magnus Zeile
Magnus Larsson
Aki Rahunen
Martin Střelba |
| | **Mark Koevermans**
**Jan Siemerink**
6–2, 6–1 | Massimo Cierro
Tobias Svantesson | | |
| July 23 | Comerica Bank Challenger
Aptos, United States
$50,000 – hard – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Henrik Holm**
1–6, 6–3, 7–6 | Brian Garrow | Nuno Marques
Diego Nargiso | David Nainkin
Alexander Mronz
Johan Carlsson
Matt Anger |
| | | **Jeff Brown**
**Scott Melville**
6–7, 6–4, 6–4 | Matt Anger
Marius Barnard | | |
| | Campos Challenger
Campos, Brazil
$50,000 – hard – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Jaime Oncins**
6–3, 6–3 | José Daher | Marcelo Saliola
Daniel Orsanic | Cássio Motta
Frédéric Fontang
Fernando Roese
João Cunha e Silva |
| | **José Daher**
**Jaime Oncins**
7–6, 6–4 | Nelson Aerts
Fernando Roese | | |
| | Hanko Challenger
Hanko, Finland
$75,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Martin Sinner**
6–3, 6–3 | Andrei Olhovskiy | Jan Siemerink
Veli Paloheimo | Olli Rahnasto
Marcos Górriz
Andres Võsand
Bart Wuyts |
| | **Johan Anderson**
**Lars-Anders Wahlgren**
6–3, 7–6 | Tomas Nydahl
Peter Svensson | | |
| July 30 | Lins Challenger
Lins, Brazil
$50,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Pedro Rebolledo**
7–6, 4–6, 6–1 | João Zwetsch | Luiz Mattar
Daniel Orsanic | Nelson Aerts
Pablo Albano
Jaime Oncins
João Cunha e Silva |
| | | **José Luis Aparisi**
**José Clavet**
7–6, 6–3 | Javier Frana
Agustín Moreno | | |
| | Nielsen Pro Tennis Championship
Winnetka, United States
$50,000 – hard – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Cristiano Caratti**
7–6, 6–1 | Chris Garner | Chris Pridham
Grant Stafford | Todd Martin
Nuno Marques
Tommy Ho
Mark Petchey |
| | **Zeeshan Ali**
**Menno Oosting**
4–6, 6–3, 6–2 | Doug Flach
Luis Herrera | | |

### August

| Week of | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| August 6 | Jakarta-2 Challenger
Jakarta, Indonesia
$25,000 – hard – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Mark Keil**
6–4, 6–2 | Scott Patridge | Kim Bong-soo
Paul Hand | Harald Rittersbacher
Mike Briggs
Daniel Heryanto
Eduardo Furusho |
| | | **Mike Briggs**
**David Harkness**
6–2, 7–6 | Suharyadi Suharyadi
Lin Bing-chao | | |
| | Knokke Challenger
Knokke, Belgium
$50,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Marcos Górriz**
7–5, 2–6, 6–1 | Josef Čihák | Germán López
Libor Pimek | Raúl Viver
Paul Dogger
Filip Dewulf
Daniele Balducci |
| | **Andrei Olhovskiy**
**Dimitri Poliakov**
6–4, 4–6, 6–3 | Xavier Daufresne
Denis Langaskens | | |
| | São Paulo-2 Challenger
São Paulo, Brazil
$50,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **João Cunha e Silva**
6–1, 6–2 | Cássio Motta | Javier Frana
Pedro Rebolledo | Frédéric Fontang
Pablo Albano
Jaime Oncins
Vicente Solves |
| | **Javier Frana**
**Cássio Motta**
6–3, 3–6, 6–1 | Gabriel Markus
João Zwetsch | | |
| August 13 | Brasília-2 Challenger
Brasília, Brazil
$75,000 – hard – 64S/32D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Cássio Motta**
7–6, 6–4 | Jaime Oncins | Mauro Menezes
Danilo Marcelino | Nelson Aerts
Vicente Solves
Ricardo Acioly
Fernando Roese |
| | | **Jaime Oncins**
**Andrew Sznajder**
7–5, 3–6, 7–6 | Luiz Mattar
Fernando Roese | | |
| | Pescara Challenger
Pescara, Italy
$50,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Christer Allgårdh**
4–6, 6–3, 6–4 | Germán López | Éric Winogradsky
Thomas Haldin | Branislav Stankovič
Massimo Cierro
Francesco Cancellotti
Stefano Pescosolido |
| | **Branislav Stankovič**
**Richard Vogel**
6–3, 6–1 | Massimo Cierro
Alessandro de Minicis | | |
| | Salzburg Challenger
Salzburg, Austria
$100,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Horst Skoff**
6–2, 6–2 | José Francisco Altur | Renzo Furlan
Nicklas Kulti | Marián Vajda
Christian Geyer
Horacio de la Peña
Jimmy Brown |
| | **Horacio de la Peña**
**Horst Skoff**
6–2, 6–4 | Johan Donar
Ola Jonsson | | |
| August 20 | Geneva Open Challenger
Geneva, Switzerland
$50,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Roberto Argüello**
6–3, 6–0 | Daniel Orsanic | Henrik Holm
Tomáš Anzari | Jacco Eltingh
Stefano Mezzadri
Michael Tauson
Frédéric Fontang |
| | | **Henrik Holm**
**Nils Holm**
3–6, 7–5, 7–6 | Branislav Stankovič
Richard Vogel | | |
| August 27 | Verona Challenger
Verona, Italy
$50,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Richard Krajicek**
4–6, 6–1, 6–4 | Jacco Eltingh | Paolo Pambianco
Corrado Aprili | Daniel Orsanic
Dimitri Poliakov
Jan Siemerink
José Clavet |
| | | **Ctislav Doseděl**
**Dimitri Poliakov**
6–0, 6–7, 6–4 | Jacco Eltingh
Menno Oosting | | |

### September

| Week of | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 3 | Hossegor Challenger
Hossegor, France
$100,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Rodolphe Gilbert**
6–4, 6–4 | Ronald Agénor | Nuno Marques
Renzo Furlan | Bart Wuyts
Fernando Luna
Tom Nijssen
José Francisco Altur |
| | | **Marcos Górriz**
**Marcelo Ingaramo**
7–5, 6–2 | Eduardo Bengoechea
Eduardo Masso | | |
| | Venice Challenger
Venice, Italy
$50,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Bruno Orešar**
6–3, 6–3 | Andrei Olhovskiy | Oliver Fuchs
Claudio Pistolesi | Paolo Canè
Pablo Arraya
Massimo Cierro
Germán López |
| | **Cristian Brandi**
**Federico Mordegan**
6–1, 6–4 | Henrik Holm
Nils Holm | | |
| September 10 | Azores Challenger
Azores, Portugal
$50,000 – hard – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Francisco Roig**
6–3, 2–6, 6–4 | Chris Pridham | Ken Flach
Nduka Odizor | Maurice Ruah
Frédéric Fontang
Daniel Marco
Johan Carlsson |
| | | **Brent Haygarth**
**Scott Patridge**
6–7, 7–6, 6–3 | Andrew Castle
Nduka Odizor | | |
| | Canberra Challenger
Canberra, Australia
$25,000 – carpet – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Brett Steven**
6–3, 6–4 | Andrew Kratzmann | Jamie Morgan
John Stimpson | Michael Brown
Francisco Montana
Sandon Stolle
Brett Custer |
| | **Brett Custer**
**Peter Doohan**
6–3, 6–4 | David Adams
Jamie Morgan | | |
| September 17 | Coquitlam Challenger
Coquitlam, Canada
$50,000 – hard – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Steve DeVries**
3–6, 7–5, 7–5 | Chuck Adams | Chris Garner
Robbie Weiss | Mike Briggs
Miguel Nido
Otis Smith
George Bezecny |
| | | **Steve DeVries**
**Patrick Galbraith**
7–5, 7–5 | Otis Smith
Roger Smith | | |
| | Dijon Challenger
Dijon, France
$100,000 – carpet – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Guillaume Raoux**
2–6, 6–4, 6–4 | Henrik Holm | Nuno Marques
Jan Apell | Dirk Dier
Martin Sinner
Rodolphe Gilbert
Michael Kupferschmid |
| | **Mansour Bahrami**
**Rodolphe Gilbert**
7–5, 6–2 | Jan Apell
Peter Nyborg | | |
| | International Tournament of Messina
Messina, Italy
$100,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Guillermo Pérez Roldán**
6–1, 6–3 | Stefano Pescosolido | Francisco Roig
Renzo Furlan | Andres Võsand
Francisco Clavet
Fernando Luna
Franco Davín |
| | **Germán López**
**Francisco Roig**
6–3, 6–2 | Pablo Arraya
Carlos Costa | | |
| September 24 | Bogotá Challenger
Bogotá, Colombia
$50,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Álvaro Jordan**
6–3, 6–3 | Libor Němeček | Pedro Rebolledo
Giorgio Carneade | Felipe Rivera
Greg Failla
José Daher
José Antonio Fernández |
| | | **Mauricio Hadad**
**Mario Rincón**
7–6, 7–6 | Carlos Claverie
Greg Failla | | |
| | Thessaloniki Challenger
Thessaloniki, Greece
$50,000 – hard – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Christian Geyer**
7–6, 6–3 | Henrik Holm | Gianluca Pozzi
Lars Koslowski | Scott Patridge
Johan Carlsson
Shahar Perkiss
Neil Borwick |
| | **Gilad Bloom**
**Alexis Hombrecher**
6–1, 7–6 | Nick Brown
Johan Carlsson | | |

### October

| Week of | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| October 1 | Manaus Challenger
Manaus, Brazil
$50,000 – hard – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Luis Herrera**
6–2, 7–5 | Jaime Oncins | Shelby Cannon
Tobias Svantesson | Cássio Motta
Danilo Marcelino
José Daher
Mario Rincón |
| | | **Shelby Cannon**
**Alfonso Mora**
7–6, 6–4 | Ricardo Acioly
Mauro Menezes | | |
| | Singapore Challenger
Singapore, Singapore
$50,000 – hard – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Boris Laustroer**
7–6, 6–4 | Sander Groen | Neil Borwick
Mike Briggs | Tommy Ho
Paul Wekesa
Bruce Derlin
John Letts |
| | **Steve Guy**
**John Letts**
6–1, 7–5 | Kent Kinnear
Mark Keil | | |
| October 8 | Casablanca Challenger
Casablanca, Morocco
$50,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Richard Krajicek**
7–6, 6–3 | Ctislav Doseděl | José Francisco Altur
José Luis Aparisi | Tarik Benhabiles
Roberto Azar
Hans Schwaier
Francisco Clavet |
| | | **Juan Carlos Báguena**
**Francisco Roig**
7–5, 5–7, 6–4 | Ctislav Doseděl
Richard Krajicek | | |
| | Curitiba Challenger
Curitiba, Brazil
$50,000 – hard – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Pedro Rebolledo**
6–1, 7–5 | Javier Frana | Cássio Motta
Jacco Eltingh | Luis Herrera
Jaime Oncins
Danilo Marcelino
Mario Tabares |
| | **Hendrik Jan Davids**
**Jacco Eltingh**
6–4, 3–6, 6–3 | César Kist
Danilo Marcelino | | |
| October 15 | Ilhéus Challenger
Ilhéus, Brazil
$75,000 – hard – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Luis Herrera**
6–2, 6–2 | Patrick Baur | Jacco Eltingh
Danilo Marcelino | Jaime Yzaga
Jaime Oncins
Eduardo Bengoechea
Pedro Rebolledo |
| | | **Hendrik Jan Davids**
**Jacco Eltingh**
4–6, 6–3, 6–4 | Roger Smith
Tobias Svantesson | | |
| | Ponte Vedra Challenger
Ponte Vedra Beach, United States
$50,000 – hard – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Tommy Ho**
7–6, 6–4 | Chris Pridham | Chris Garner
Jimmy Brown | Philip Johnson
Mark Keil
Bruno Orešar
Robert Seguso |
| | **Doug Flach**
**Ken Flach**
6–3, 2–6, 6–4 | Royce Deppe
Bret Garnett | | |
| October 22 | Brest Challenger
Brest, France
$75,000 – hard (I) – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Cédric Pioline**
6–3, 6–4 | Richard Krajicek | Thomas Högstedt
Gilad Bloom | Ramesh Krishnan
Francisco Roig
Aki Rahunen
Fabrice Santoro |
| | | **Ģirts Dzelde**
**Martin Damm**
6–4, 6–4 | Wayne Ferreira
Piet Norval | | |
| October 29 | Bergen Challenger
Bergen, Norway
$100,000 – carpet (I) – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Alexander Mronz**
6–4, 6–4 | Jan Gunnarsson | Paul Haarhuis
Ctislav Doseděl | Magnus Larsson
Alex Antonitsch
Eric Jelen
Thomas Enqvist |
| | | **Jeff Brown**
**Anders Järryd**
6–3, 7–6 | Charles Beckman
Luke Jensen | | |
| | Rio de Janeiro Challenger
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
$75,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Luiz Mattar**
6–3, 3–6, 6–3 | Luis Herrera | Nuno Marques
Javier Frana | Roger Smith
Marcos Górriz
Pablo Arraya
Bart Wuyts |
| | **Roger Smith**
**Tobias Svantesson**
7–5, 6–4 | Shelby Cannon
Alfonso Mora | | |

### November

| Week of | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| November 5 | *No tournaments scheduled.* | | | | |
| November 12 | São Paulo-3 Challenger
São Paulo, Brazil
$50,000 – clay – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Jaime Oncins**
6–3, 6–3 | Francisco Yunis | Gabriel Markus
João Cunha e Silva | Daniel Orsanic
Javier Frana
MaliVai Washington
Andrew Sznajder |
| | | **Richard Lubner**
**Francisco Montana**
6–4, 7–6 | Nelson Aerts
Danilo Marcelino | | |
| | Tasmania Challenger
Tasmania, Australia
$25,000 – hard – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Simon Youl**
7–6, 7–6 | Jamie Morgan | Brett Steven
Johan Anderson | Jason Cask
Carl Limberger
Ryan Blake
Sandon Stolle |
| | **Brett Custer**
**David Macpherson**
6–2, 6–7, 6–4 | Brett Steven
Sandon Stolle | | |
| | The Hague Challenger
The Hague, Netherlands
$100,000 – carpet (I) – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Anders Järryd**
6–1, 6–2 | Marián Vajda | Javier Sánchez
Patrik Kühnen | Magnus Gustafsson
Udo Riglewski
Jeremy Bates
Karel Nováček |
| | **Michiel Schapers**
**Jan Siemerink**
6–3, 7–5 | Alexander Mronz
Andrei Olhovskiy | | |
| November 19 | *No tournaments scheduled.* | | | | |
| November 26 | Bossonnens Challenger
Bossonnens, Switzerland
$50,000 – hard (I) – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Cristiano Caratti**
6–4, 3–6, 7–6 | Michiel Schapers | Markus Rackl
Diego Nargiso | Eduardo Masso
Roger Smith
Cédric Pioline
Peter Nyborg |
| | | **Michiel Schapers**
**Roger Smith**
6–2, 7–6 | Henrik Holm
Nils Holm | | |
| | Munich Challenger
Munich, Germany
$50,000 – carpet (I) – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Anders Järryd**
6–2, 6–4 | Richard Krajicek | Markus Zoecke
Johan Carlsson | Jan Siemerink
Niclas Kroon
Martin Střelba
Martin Sinner |
| | **Jens Wöhrmann**
**Markus Zoecke**
6–4, 6–3 | Dimitri Poliakov
Slobodan Vojinovic | | |

### December

| Week of | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| December 3 | Guam Challenger
Guam, Guam
$25,000 – hard – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Jamie Morgan**
6–2, 7–6 | Chuck Adams | Glenn Michibata
Steve DeVries | Francisco Montana
Andrew Castle
Matt Anger
Mike Briggs |
| | | **Steve DeVries**
**Ted Scherman**
6–1, 3–6, 7–6 | Matt Anger
Andrew Castle | | |
| December 10 | *No tournaments scheduled.* | | | | |
| December 17 | Hong Kong Challenger
Hong Kong
$25,000 – hard – 32S/16D
Singles drawDoubles draw | **Christian Saceanu**
6–4, 6–1 | Felix Barrientos | Gianluca Pozzi
Jamie Morgan | Chuck Adams
Christian Geyer
Bruce Steel
David Engel |
| | | **Neil Borwick**
**Paul Wekesa**
6–2, 6–2 | Christian Geyer
Christian Saceanu | | |

## Statistical information

These tables present the number of singles (S) and doubles (D) titles won by each player and each nation during the season, within all the tournament categories of the 1990 ATP Challenger Series. The players/nations are sorted by: 1) total number of titles (a doubles title won by two players representing the same nation counts as only one win for the nation); 2) a singles \> doubles hierarchy; 3) alphabetical order (by family names for players).

### Titles won by player

| Total | Player | S | D |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **4** | Christian Miniussi (ARG) | **2** | **2** |
| **4** | Jaime Oncins (BRA) | **2** | **2** |
| **4** | Francisco Roig (ESP) | **1** | **3** |
| **3** | Pedro Rebolledo (CHI) | **3** | **0** |
| **3** | Christian Saceanu (FRG) | **3** | **0** |
| **3** | João Cunha e Silva (POR) | **2** | **1** |
| **3** | Anders Järryd (SWE) | **2** | **1** |
| **3** | Guillaume Raoux (FRA) | **2** | **1** |
| **3** | Horst Skoff (AUT) | **2** | **1** |
| **3** | Olivier Delaître (FRA) | **1** | **2** |
| **3** | Steve DeVries (USA) | **1** | **2** |
| **3** | Henrik Holm (SWE) | **1** | **2** |
| **3** | Dimitri Poliakov (URS) | **1** | **2** |
| **3** | Tomáš Anzari (TCH) | **0** | **3** |
| **3** | Neil Borwick (AUS) | **0** | **3** |
| **3** | Hendrik Jan Davids (NED) | **0** | **3** |
| **3** | David Lewis (NZL) | **0** | **3** |
| **3** | David Rikl (TCH) | **0** | **3** |
| **2** | Cristiano Caratti (ITA) | **2** | **0** |
| **2** | Luis Herrera (MEX) | **2** | **0** |
| **2** | Richard Krajicek (NED) | **2** | **0** |
| **2** | Thomas Muster (AUT) | **2** | **0** |
| **2** | Martin Sinner (FRG) | **2** | **0** |
| **2** | Jeremy Bates (GBR) | **1** | **1** |
| **2** | Carlos Costa (ESP) | **1** | **1** |
| **2** | Ctislav Doseděl (TCH) | **1** | **1** |
| **2** | Rodolphe Gilbert (FRA) | **1** | **1** |
| **2** | Marcos Górriz (ESP) | **1** | **1** |
| **2** | Mark Keil (USA) | **1** | **1** |
| **2** | Mark Koevermans (NED) | **1** | **1** |
| **2** | Cássio Motta (BRA) | **1** | **1** |
| **2** | Nduka Odizor (NGR) | **1** | **1** |
| **2** | Ricki Osterthun (FRG) | **1** | **1** |
| **2** | Jeff Brown (USA) | **0** | **2** |
| **2** | Brett Custer (AUS) | **0** | **2** |
| **2** | Jacco Eltingh (NED) | **0** | **2** |
| **2** | Doug Flach (USA) | **0** | **2** |
| **2** | Ken Flach (USA) | **0** | **2** |
| **2** | Javier Frana (ARG) | **0** | **2** |
| **2** | Eduardo Masso (BEL) | **0** | **2** |
| **2** | Andrei Olhovskiy (URS) | **0** | **2** |
| **2** | Scott Patridge (USA) | **0** | **2** |
| **2** | Michiel Schapers (NED) | **0** | **2** |
| **2** | Jan Siemerink (NED) | **0** | **2** |
| **2** | Roger Smith (BAH) | **0** | **2** |
| **2** | Branislav Stankovič (TCH) | **0** | **2** |
| **2** | Richard Vogel (TCH) | **0** | **2** |
| **2** | Paul Wekesa (KEN) | **0** | **2** |
| **1** | Christer Allgårdh (SWE) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Roberto Argüello (ARG) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Marcelo Filippini (URU) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Renzo Furlan (ITA) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Christian Geyer (FRG) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Tommy Ho (USA) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Álvaro Jordan (COL) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Ramesh Krishnan (IND) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Magnus Larsson (SWE) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Boris Laustroer (FRG) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Fernando Luna (ESP) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Francisco Maciel (MEX) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Luiz Mattar (BRA) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Jamie Morgan (AUS) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Alexander Mronz (FRG) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Gary Muller (RSA) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Miguel Nido (PUR) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Bruno Orešar (YUG) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Guillermo Pérez Roldán (ARG) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Cédric Pioline (FRA) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Fabrice Santoro (FRA) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Bryan Shelton (USA) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Milan Šrejber (TCH) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Brett Steven (NZL) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Jeff Tarango (USA) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Thierry Tulasne (FRA) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Raviv Weidenfeld (ISR) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Simon Youl (AUS) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Nelson Aerts (BRA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Pablo Albano (ARG) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Zeeshan Ali (IND) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Eric Amend (USA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Johan Anderson (AUS) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | José Luis Aparisi (ESP) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Juan Carlos Báguena (ESP) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Mansour Bahrami (IRN) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Peter Ballauff (FRG) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Marius Barnard (RSA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Eduardo Bengoechea (ARG) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Gilad Bloom (ISR) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Karsten Braasch (FRG) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Cristian Brandi (ITA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Mike Briggs (USA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Nick Brown (GBR) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Shelby Cannon (USA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Jonathan Canter (USA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Johan Carlsson (SWE) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Andrew Castle (GBR) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Massimo Cierro (ITA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Josef Čihák (TCH) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Jose Clavet (ESP) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Simone Colombo (ITA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | José Daher (BRA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Martin Damm (TCH) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Horacio de la Peña (ARG) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Bruce Derlin (NZL) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Peter Doohan (AUS) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Ģirts Dzelde (URS) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Wayne Ferreira (RSA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Nick Fulwood (GBR) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Patrick Galbraith (USA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Steve Guy (NZL) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Mauricio Hadad (COL) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | David Harkness (USA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Brent Haygarth (RSA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Nils Holm (SWE) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Alexis Hombrecher (USA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Marcelo Ingaramo (ARG) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Ville Jansson (SWE) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Ivan Kley (BRA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Leonardo Lavalle (MEX) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | John Letts (USA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Germán López (ESP) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Jorge Lozano (MEX) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Richard Lubner (RSA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Gustavo Luza (ARG) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | David Macpherson (AUS) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Scott Melville (USA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Tom Mercer (USA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Francisco Montana (USA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Alfonso Mora (VEN) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Federico Mordegan (ITA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Piet Norval (RSA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Peter Nyborg (SWE) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Menno Oosting (NED) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Olli Rahnasto (FIN) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Mario Rincón (COL) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Fernando Roese (BRA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Ted Scherman (USA) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Vicente Solves (ESP) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Cyril Suk (TCH) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Tobias Svantesson (SWE) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Andrew Sznajder (CAN) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Lars-Anders Wahlgren (SWE) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Jens Wöhrmann (FRG) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Markus Zoecke (FRG) | **0** | **1** |

### Titles won by nation

| Total | Nation | S | D |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **19** | United States (USA) | **5** | **14** |
| **13** | West Germany (FRG) | **9** | **4** |
| **12** | Sweden (SWE) | **5** | **7** |
| **11** | Argentina (ARG) | **4** | **7** |
| **10** | France (FRA) | **7** | **3** |
| **10** | Spain (ESP) | **4** | **6** |
| **10** | Netherlands (NED) | **3** | **7** |
| **10** | Czechoslovakia (TCH) | **2** | **8** |
| **9** | Brazil (BRA) | **4** | **5** |
| **8** | Australia (AUS) | **2** | **6** |
| **6** | New Zealand (NZL) | **1** | **5** |
| **5** | Austria (AUT) | **4** | **1** |
| **5** | Italy (ITA) | **3** | **2** |
| **5** | South Africa (RSA) | **1** | **4** |
| **5** | Soviet Union (URS) | **1** | **4** |
| **4** | Mexico (MEX) | **3** | **1** |
| **4** | Great Britain (GBR) | **1** | **3** |
| **3** | Chile (CHI) | **3** | **0** |
| **3** | Portugal (POR) | **2** | **1** |
| **2** | Colombia (COL) | **1** | **1** |
| **2** | India (IND) | **1** | **1** |
| **2** | Israel (ISR) | **1** | **1** |
| **2** | Nigeria (NGR) | **1** | **1** |
| **2** | Bahamas (BAH) | **1** | **1** |
| **2** | Belgium (BEL) | **0** | **2** |
| **2** | Kenya (KEN) | **0** | **2** |
| **1** | Puerto Rico (PUR) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Uruguay (URU) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Yugoslavia (YUG) | **1** | **0** |
| **1** | Canada (CAN) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Finland (FIN) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Iran (IRN) | **0** | **1** |
| **1** | Venezuela (VEN) | **0** | **1** |

## InfoBox

1990 ATP Challenger Series
| Details | |
| --- | --- |
| Duration | 15 January 1990 – 23 December 1990 |
| Edition | 13th |
| Tournaments | 71 |
| Achievements (singles) | |
| 1989 1991 | |


title: 1990 Swedish speedway season

abstract: The 1990 Swedish speedway season was the 1990 season of motorcycle speedway in Sweden.

text:
# 1990 Swedish speedway season

The **1990 Swedish speedway season** was the 1990 season of motorcycle speedway in Sweden.

## Individual

### Individual Championship

The 1990 Swedish Individual Speedway Championship final was held in Stockholm on 22 September. Tony Rickardsson won the Swedish Championship for the first time.

| Pos | Rider | Team | Pts | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Tony Rickardsson | Stockholm U | (3,3,3,3,3) | 15 |
| 2 | Erik Stenlund | Rospiggarna | (3,2,3,3,3) | 14 |
| 3 | Per Jonsson | Stockholm U | (2,3,3,2,3) | 13 |
| 4 | Jimmy Nilsen | Stockholm U | (1,3,3,3,d) | 10 |
| 5 | Peter Nahlin | Smederna | (2,2,2,2,2) | 10 |
| 6 | Peter Karlsson | Örnarna | (2,1,2,2,2) | 9 |
| 7 | Jan Andersson | Vetlanda | (2,1,2,3,in) | 8 |
| 8 | Dennis Löfqvist | Bysarna | (3,2,2,1,u) | 8 |
| 9 | Mikael Teurnberg | Rospiggarna | (1,0,1,2,3) | 7 |
| 10 | Conny Ivarsson | Vetlanda | (0,3,0,1,2) | 6 |
| 11 | Christer Rohlén | Indianerna | (3,0,1,1,1) | 6 |
| 12 | Jorgen Johansson | Skepparna | (0,1,1,1,2) | 5 |
| 13 | Niklas Karlsson | Örnarna | (1,2,0,0,0) | 3 |
| 14 | Anders Kling | Dackarna | (0.1,d,0.1) | 2 |
| 15 | Stefan Dannö | Indianerna | (1,0,1,0,0) | 2 |
| 16 | Bo Arrhen (res) | Stockholm U | (1) | 1 |
| 17 | Henrik Gustafsson | Indianerna | (u,u,w,d) | 0 |

### U21 Championship

Joakim Karlsson won the U21 championship.

## Team

### Team Championship

Indianerna won the Elitserien and were declared the winners of the Swedish Speedway Team Championship for the first time. The Indianerna team included Henrik Gustafsson, Christer Rohlén, Lars Gunnestad, Simon Wigg and Stefan Dannö.

Eskilstuna and Karlstad merged for the 1990 season. Skepparna won the first division, while Masarna and Korparna won the second division north and south respectively.

## InfoBox

| 1990 Swedish speedway season | |
| --- | --- |
| Hans Nielsen topped the league averages for Vetlanda | |
|


title: 1990 Swedish Open

abstract: The 1990 Swedish Open was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Båstad, Sweden. It was part of the World Series of the 1990 ATP Tour and of the Tier V category of the 1990 WTA Tour. It was the 43rd edition of the tournament and was held from 9 July until 15 July 1990. Richard Fromberg and Sandra Cecchini won the singles titles.

text:
# 1990 Swedish Open

The **1990 Swedish Open** was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Båstad, Sweden. It was part of the World Series of the 1990 ATP Tour and of the Tier V category of the 1990 WTA Tour. It was the 43rd edition of the tournament and was held from 9 July until 15 July 1990. Richard Fromberg and Sandra Cecchini won the singles titles.

## Finals

### Men's singles

Richard Fromberg defeated  Magnus Larsson, 6–2, 7–6

* It was Fromberg's 2nd singles title of the year and of his career.

### Women's singles

Sandra Cecchini defeated  Csilla Bartos, 6–1, 6–2

### Men's doubles

Ronnie Båthman /  Rikard Bergh defeated  Jan Gunnarsson /  Udo Riglewski, 6–1, 6–4

### Women's doubles

Mercedes Paz /  Tine Scheuer-Larsen defeated  Carin Bakkum /  Nicole Muns-Jagerman 6–3, 6–7(10–12), 6–2

## InfoBox

| 1990 Swedish Open | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 9–15 July |
| Edition | 43rd |
| Category | World Series (M)
Tier V (W) |
| Draw | 32S / 16D |
| Prize money | $225,000 (M)
$75,000 (W) |
| Surface | Clay / outdoor |
| Location | Båstad, Sweden |
| Champions | |
| Men's singles | |
| Richard Fromberg | |
| Women's singles | |
| Sandra Cecchini | |
| Men's doubles | |
| Ronnie Båthman /  Rikard Bergh | |
| Women's doubles | |
| Mercedes Paz /  Tine Scheuer-Larsen | |
|  | |


title: 1989 Women's Hockey Junior World Cup

abstract: The 1989 Women's Hockey Junior World Cup was the first edition of the Women's Hockey Junior World Cup, the quadrennial women's under-21 field hockey world championship organized by the International Hockey Federation. It was held at Nepean Sportsplex in Ottawa, Canada from 19 to 30 July 1989. West Germany won the first edition of the Junior World Cup by defeating South Korea 2–0 in the final. The Soviet Union won the bronze medal by defeating the Netherlands 4–3.

text:
# 1989 Women's Hockey Junior World Cup

The **1989 Women's Hockey Junior World Cup** was the first edition of the Women's Hockey Junior World Cup, the quadrennial women's under-21 field hockey world championship organized by the International Hockey Federation. It was held at Nepean Sportsplex in Ottawa, Canada from 19 to 30 July 1989.

West Germany won the first edition of the Junior World Cup by defeating South Korea 2–0 in the final. The Soviet Union won the bronze medal by defeating the Netherlands 4–3.

## Preliminary round

### Pool A

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | West Germany | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 17 | 3 | +14 | 9 | Semi-finals |
| 2 | Soviet Union | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 19 | 6 | +13 | | 9 |
| 3 | China | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 16 | 5 | +11 | 6 |  |
| 4 | Canada (H) | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 10 | 4 | | 4 |
| 5 | New Zealand | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 22 | 16 | | 2 |
| 6 | United States | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 19 | 18 | | 0 |

Source: FIH
(H) Hosts

| Canada  0–1  China |
| --- |

| West Germany  1–1  Soviet Union |
| --- |

| New Zealand  3–1  United States |
| --- |

---

| Canada  1–3  Soviet Union |
| --- |

| West Germany  4–0  United States |
| --- |

---

| New Zealand  0–7  China |
| --- |

---

| West Germany  5–1  Canada |
| --- |

| New Zealand  1–6  Soviet Union |
| --- |

| United States  0–5  China |
| --- |

---

| West Germany  1–0  China |
| --- |

| United States  0–5  Soviet Union |
| --- |

| New Zealand  1–2  Canada |
| --- |

---

| Soviet Union  4–3  China |
| --- |

| Canada  2–0  United States |
| --- |

---

| West Germany  6–1  New Zealand |
| --- |

#### Pool B

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | South Korea | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 4 | +33 | 10 | Semi-finals |
| 2 | Netherlands | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 34 | 4 | +30 | | 8 |
| 3 | Argentina | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 18 | 11 | +7 | 6 |  |
| 4 | England | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 15 | 9 | +6 | | 4 |
| 5 | Zimbabwe | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 44 | 42 | | 2 |
| 6 | Chile | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 34 | 34 | | 0 |

Source: FIH

| South Korea  13–0  Zimbabwe |
| --- |

---

| Argentina  1–2  Netherlands |
| --- |

| England  4–0  Chile |
| --- |

---

| South Korea  3–1  Netherlands |
| --- |

| Argentina  7–0  Chile |
| --- |

| England  10–0  Zimbabwe |
| --- |

---

| South Korea  3–1  England |
| --- |

| Argentina  5–1  Zimbabwe |
| --- |

| Netherlands  12–0  Chile |
| --- |

---

| Argentina  3–0  England |
| --- |

---

| Netherlands  16–0  Zimbabwe |
| --- |

| South Korea  10–0  Chile |
| --- |

---

| England  0–3  Netherlands |
| --- |

| Zimbabwe  1–0  Chile |
| --- |

| South Korea  8–2  Argentina |
| --- |

## Second round

### Ninth to twelfth place classification

### Fifth to eighth place classification

### First to fourth place classification

#### Semi-finals

| West Germany  2–1  Netherlands |
| --- |

---

| Soviet Union  2–3  South Korea |
| --- |

#### Third and fourth place

| Netherlands  3–4  Soviet Union |
| --- |

#### Final

| West Germany  2–0  South Korea |
| --- |

## Final standings

1. West Germany
2. South Korea
3. Soviet Union
4. Netherlands
5. China
6. Argentina
7. Canada
8. England
9. New Zealand
10. United States
11. Chile
12. Zimbabwe

## InfoBox

1989 Women's Hockey Junior World Cup
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Host country | Canada |
| City | Ottawa |
| Dates | 19–30 July |
| Teams | 12 (from 5 confederations) |
| Venue(s) | Nepean Sportsplex |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 42 |
| Goals scored | 212 (5.05 per match) |
| (next) 1993 | |


title: 1989 Women's European Cricket Cup

abstract: The 1989 Women's European Cricket Cup was an international cricket tournament held in Denmark from 19 to 21 July 1989. It was the first edition of the Women's European Championship, and all matches at the tournament held One Day International (ODI) status. Four teams participated, with the hosts, Denmark, joined by the three other European members of the International Women's Cricket Council (IWCC) – England, Ireland, and the Netherlands. Denmark was making its ODI debut. The tournament was played using a round-robin format, with England finishing undefeated in its three matches. Two English players, Wendy Watson and Jo Chamberlain, led the tournament in runs and wickets, respectively. All matches were played at the Nykøbing Mors Cricket Club, located in the town of Nykøbing Mors.

text:
# 1989 Women's European Cricket Cup

The **1989 Women's European Cricket Cup** was an international cricket tournament held in Denmark from 19 to 21 July 1989. It was the first edition of the Women's European Championship, and all matches at the tournament held One Day International (ODI) status.

Four teams participated, with the hosts, Denmark, joined by the three other European members of the International Women's Cricket Council (IWCC) – England, Ireland, and the Netherlands. Denmark was making its ODI debut. The tournament was played using a round-robin format, with England finishing undefeated in its three matches. Two English players, Wendy Watson and Jo Chamberlain, led the tournament in runs and wickets, respectively. All matches were played at the Nykøbing Mors Cricket Club, located in the town of Nykøbing Mors.

## Squads

| Denmark | England | Ireland | Netherlands |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |

## Points table

| Team | Pld | W | L | T | NR | Pts | RR |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| England | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 3.361 |
| Denmark | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2.286 |
| Netherlands | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2.092 |
| Ireland | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2.019 |
|

Source: CricketArchive

## Fixtures

* Ireland won the toss and elected to bowl.
* Denmark made its debut in One Day International matches.

---

* England won the toss and elected to bowl.

---

* Denmark won the toss and elected to bowl.
* The match was reduced to 51 overs per side.
* England's Wendy Watson scored 90 not out, the highest score of the tournament.

---

* Ireland won the toss and elected to bowl.

---

* Netherlands won the toss and elected to bowl.

---

* Ireland won the toss and elected to bowl.
* England's Jo Chamberlain took 5/18, the best bowling figures of the tournament.

## Statistics

### Most runs

The top five run scorers (total runs) are included in this table.

| Player | Team | Runs | Inns | Avg | Highest | 100s | 50s |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Wendy Watson | England | **124** | 2 | 124.00 | 90\* | 0 | 1 |
| Anne Murray | Ireland | **104** | 3 | 52.00 | 60\* | 0 | 1 |
| Helen Plimmer | England | **85** | 3 | 28.33 | 54 | 0 | 1 |
| Jane Powell | England | **77** | 3 | 25.66 | 32 | 0 | 0 |
| Jet van Noortwijk | Netherlands | **73** | 3 | 36.50 | 46\* | 0 | 0 |

Source: CricketArchive

### Most wickets

The top five wicket takers are listed in this table, listed by wickets taken and then by bowling average.

| Player | Team | Overs | Wkts | Ave | SR | Econ | BBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Jo Chamberlain | England | 27.4 | **10** | 4.50 | 16.60 | 1.62 | 5/18 |
| Janni Jønsson | Denmark | 32.0 | **7** | 11.85 | 27.42 | 2.59 | 4/38 |
| Debra Maybury | England | 28.0 | **6** | 7.00 | 28.00 | 1.50 | 2/7 |
| Ingrid Dulfer | Netherlands | 27.0 | **6** | 8.16 | 27.00 | 1.81 | 4/20 |
| Lene Hansen | Denmark | 31.4 | **6** | 18.33 | 31.66 | 3.47 | 4/27 |

Source: CricketArchive

## InfoBox

1989 Women's European Cricket Cup
| Dates | 19 – 21 July 1989 |
| --- | --- |
| Cricket format | ODI (55-over) |
| Tournament format(s) | Round-robin |
| Host(s) | Denmark |
| Champions | England (1st title) |
| Participants | 4 |
| Matches | 6 |
| Player of the series | Jo Chamberlain |
| Most runs | Wendy Watson (124) |
| Most wickets | Jo Chamberlain (10) |
|


title: Arctosoma

abstract: Arctosoma is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

text:
# Arctosoma

***Arctosoma*** is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

## Distribution

Argentina

## InfoBox

| *Arctosoma* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tachinidae |
| Subfamily: | Tachininae |
| Tribe: | Polideini |
| Genus: | *Arctosoma*
Aldrich, 1934 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Arctosoma nigripalpes*
Aldrich, 1934 | |


title: Arctostaphylos canescens

abstract: Arctostaphylos canescens, common name hoary manzanita, is a species of manzanita.

text:
# Arctostaphylos canescens

***Arctostaphylos canescens***, common name **hoary manzanita**, is a species of manzanita.

## Distribution

*Arctostaphylos canescens* is native to the coastal mountain ranges of southwestern Oregon and northern California, where it grows in forest and chaparral plant communities.

## Description

The *Arctostaphylos canescens* is a shrub varying in shape from short and matted to spreading up to 2 meters (6.6 ft) in height. Smaller branches and twigs are hairy to woolly. The smooth-edged leaves are oval in shape and pointed at the tip, woolly to rough and waxy, and up to 5 centimeters long.

The plant blooms in dense inflorescences of whitish, urn-shaped manzanita flowers which are woolly inside. The fruit is a hairy drupe 0.5 to 1 centimeter wide.

## InfoBox

| *Arctostaphylos canescens* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Ericaceae |
| Genus: | *Arctostaphylos* |
| Species: | ***A. canescens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Arctostaphylos canescens***<br>Eastw. | |
|


title: 1990 Lough Neagh ambush

abstract: The 1990 Lough Neagh ambush was a gun attack carried out by the Provisional IRA on 10 November 1990 at Castor Bay, near Morrows Point, Lough Neagh, County Armagh, Northern Ireland targeting members of the security forces involved in a waterfowl hunting trip with other two men at the time. An active service unit of the IRA's North Armagh Brigade shot dead a Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) Inspector, an RUC Reservist, a former Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR) soldier and one civilian. Some members of the wildfowling party struggled with their attackers, and one of the constables returned fire before being killed.

text:
# 1990 Lough Neagh ambush

The **1990 Lough Neagh ambush** was a gun attack carried out by the Provisional IRA on 10 November 1990 at Castor Bay, near Morrows Point, Lough Neagh, County Armagh, Northern Ireland targeting members of the security forces involved in a waterfowl hunting trip with other two men at the time. An active service unit of the IRA's North Armagh Brigade shot dead a Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) Inspector, an RUC Reservist, a former Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR) soldier and one civilian. Some members of the wildfowling party struggled with their attackers, and one of the constables returned fire before being killed.

## Background

On 7 September 1990 UDR soldier Colin McCullough was shot dead by the IRA while in the company of his girlfriend at Oxford Island on the shore of Lough Neagh in the same area as the 10 November ambush. On 6 October, in a revenge attack, the "Protestant Action Force" (a cover name for the Ulster Volunteer Force) shot dead Catholic man Denis Carville at the same location, also while sitting in his car with his girlfriend.

## Shooting

At 7:30 AM on 10 November 1990, the four men left home for Castor Bay on the shore of Lough Neagh for a wildfowling trip. Their early morning hunting excursions to the Department of the Environment-managed waterworks compound were routine and all of the men lived in the Lurgan and Waringstown areas. It is believed the IRA team were waiting for the group inside the compound and ambushed them shortly following their arrival.

The victims were David Murphy, an RUC Special Branch Inspector; Thomas Taylor, a part-time RUC Reservist; Norman Kendall, an electrician and former UDR soldier; and Keith Dowey, an employee with the Department of the Environment water service and father of two young children.

According to a 2000 report, the goal of the IRA unit, apparently members of the North Armagh Brigade led by the late Patsy Haughian, was only to abduct and interrogate Murphy about collusion between the RUC and loyalist militants, but things went wrong when Kendall and Dowey arrived to the scene in a car. Dowey, the driver, was shot and killed instantly, but there is evidence that Kendall put up some resistance before being slain. Taylor produced his personal weapon and shot at the assailants, but was cut down by a hail of fire. Murphy struggled and managed to avoid being bundled into the vehicle, but was eventually killed by Haugian. After the hunting party failed to appear at lunch time the alarm was raised; it was initially feared they had been kidnapped but four bodies were accounted for. The gunmen escaped in one of the victim's cars which was later found partially burnt out at Brownlow Terrace, Lurgan. The IRA unit then hid in a house on the shores of the lake before returning to Lurgan the morning after.

## Aftermath

The attack was widely condemned by politicians in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Unionist politicians called for tougher security measures; local Ulster Unionist MP David Trimble criticised Secretary of State Peter Brooke for ruling out the introduction of internment without trial in response to the incident and other killings in the preceding weeks and linked the attack to a landmark speech given by Brooke the previous day signalling to the Provisional IRA and Sinn Féin that Britain had no "selfish strategic or economic interest" in Northern Ireland. RUC Chief Constable Hugh Annesley visited the scene of the shootings and described the attack as "repulsive, futile and cowardly murder" and said "it is important to say yet again that the terrorists have no mandate from either Protestant or Catholic, north or south of the Irish border for such atrocities."

Social Democratic and Labour Party representative Bríd Rodgers categorised the killings as part of an ongoing cycle of so-called "tit-for-tat" murders and urged anyone with information to contact the police. A message was read at Mass in Lurgan following the attack from the Bishop of Dromore and local priests warning Catholics to take precautions for their safety because of the risk of revenge attacks by Loyalists.

The alleged leader of the IRA squad, Patsy Haughian, died of cancer at age 38 in October 2000. He was never formally accused of the killings.

## InfoBox

| 1990 Lough Neagh ambush | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of The Troubles and Operation Banner | |
| Scene of the shooting, 11 November 1990 | |
|  | |
| Location | Castor Bay near Morrows Point, Lough Neagh,
County Armagh,
Northern Ireland |
| Coordinates | 54°30′19.3″N 6°20′28.64″W / 54.505361°N 6.3412889°W / 54.505361; -6.3412889 |
| Date | 10 November 1990
7:30-8:00AM (GMT) |
| Target | Off-duty RUC officers |
| Attack type | Shooting |
| Deaths | 2 Royal Ulster Constabulary officers
1 former UDR soldier
1 civilian |
| Injured | 0 |
| Perpetrator | Provisional IRA |


title: 1990 Lower Saxony state election

abstract: The 1990 Lower Saxony state election was held on 13 May 1990 to elect the members of the 12th Landtag of Lower Saxony. The incumbent coalition government of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and Free Democratic Party (FDP) led by Minister-President Ernst Albrecht was defeated. The Social Democratic Party (SPD) subsequently formed a coalition with The Greens, and SPD leader Gerhard Schröder was elected Minister-President.

text:
# 1990 Lower Saxony state election

The **1990 Lower Saxony state election** was held on 13 May 1990 to elect the members of the 12th Landtag of Lower Saxony. The incumbent coalition government of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and Free Democratic Party (FDP) led by Minister-President Ernst Albrecht was defeated. The Social Democratic Party (SPD) subsequently formed a coalition with The Greens, and SPD leader Gerhard Schröder was elected Minister-President.

## Parties

The table below lists parties represented in the 11th Landtag of Lower Saxony.

| Name | | | Ideology | Leader(s) | 1986 result | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes (%) | Seats | | |
|  | **CDU** | Christian Democratic Union of Germany
*Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands* | Christian democracy | Rita Süssmuth | 44.3% | 69 / 155 |
|  | **SPD** | Social Democratic Party of Germany
*Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands* | Social democracy | Gerhard Schröder | 42.1% | 66 / 155 |
|  | **Grüne** | The Greens
*Die Grünen* | Green politics |  | 7.1% | 11 / 155 |
|  | **FDP** | Free Democratic Party
*Freie Demokratische Partei* | Classical liberalism |  | 6.0% | 9 / 155 |

## Election result

Summary of the 13 May 1990 election results for the Landtag of Lower Saxony
| Party | | Votes | % | +/- | Seats | +/- | Seats % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 1,865,267 | 44.2 | 2.1 | 71 | 5 | 45.8 |
|  | Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | 1,771,974 | 42.0 | 2.3 | 67 | 2 | 43.2 |
|  | Free Democratic Party (FDP) | 252,615 | 6.0 | 0.0 | 9 | ±0 | 5.8 |
|  | Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne) | 229,846 | 5.5 | 1.6 | 8 | 3 | 5.2 |
|  | | | | | | | |
|  | The Republicans (REP) | 62,054 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0 | ±0 | 0 |
|  | Others | 34,540 | 0.8 |  | 0 | ±0 | 0 |
| Total | | 4,216,296 | 100.0 |  | 155 | ±0 |  |
| Voter turnout | |  | 74.6 | 2.7 |  |  |  |

| Popular Vote   SPD  44.24%  CDU  42.03%  FDP  5.99%  GRÜNE  5.45%  Other  2.29% |
| --- |

| Landtag seats   SPD  45.81%  CDU  43.23%  FDP  5.81%  GRÜNE  5.16% |
| --- |

## Sources

## InfoBox

1990 Lower Saxony state election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  All 155 seats in the Landtag of Lower Saxony
78 seats needed for a majority | |
| Turnout | 4,216,296 (74.6%)
2.7% |
| First party Second party   Leader Gerhard Schröder Rita Süssmuth  Party SPD CDU  Last election 66 seats, 42.1% 69 seats, 44.3%  Seats won 71 67  Seat change  5  2  Popular vote 1,865,267 1,771,974  Percentage 44.2% 42.0%  Swing  2.1%  2.3%   ---  Third party Fourth party   Party FDP Greens  Last election 9 seats, 6.0% 11 seats, 7.1%  Seats won 9 8  Seat change  0  3  Popular vote 252,615 229,846  Percentage 6.0% 5.5%  Swing  0.0%  1.6% | |
| ---  Results for the single-member constituencies | |
| ---  **Minister-President before election**
Ernst Albrecht
CDU **Elected Minister-President**
Gerhard Schröder
SPD | |


title: Argentine Islands

abstract: The Argentine Islands are a group of islands in the Wilhelm Archipelago of Antarctica, situated 9 km (5 nmi) southwest of Petermann Island, and 7 km (4 nmi) northwest of Cape Tuxen on Kyiv Peninsula in Graham Land. They were discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, and named by him for the Argentine Republic, in appreciation of that government's support of his expedition.

text:
# Argentine Islands

The **Argentine Islands** are a group of islands in the Wilhelm Archipelago of Antarctica, situated 9 km (5 nmi) southwest of Petermann Island, and 7 km (4 nmi) northwest of Cape Tuxen on Kyiv Peninsula in Graham Land. They were discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, and named by him for the Argentine Republic, in appreciation of that government's support of his expedition.

## History

The British Graham Land Expedition under John Riddoch Rymill was based in the Argentine Islands in 1935 and conducted a thorough survey of them. The expedition built a hut on Winter Island, which was used as their northern base; it was left in place at the end of the expedition, but destroyed circa 1946. The following year, the British Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey established a permanent base on the same site, as "Base F" (or "Argentine Islands"); the main building from this base, Wordie House, is now a protected historic site (HSM-62). The base was moved to Galindez Island in 1954, renamed "Faraday" in 1977, and transferred to the Ukrainian Antarctic program in 1996, who continue to operate it as Vernadsky Research Base.

## Climate

The Argentine Islands have a polar climate that lies in the transition zone between an ice cap climate and a tundra climate, displaying an unusually continental version of that climate for being on the ocean.

| Climate data for Argentine Islands | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 7.8
(46.0) | 8.3
(46.9) | 7.8
(46.0) | 7.2
(45.0) | 6.1
(43.0) | 4.4
(39.9) | 3.9
(39.0) | 7.2
(45.0) | 5.0
(41.0) | 5.6
(42.1) | 5.0
(41.0) | 6.1
(43.0) | 8.3
(46.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.2
(36.0) | 1.7
(35.1) | 1.1
(34.0) | −1.7
(28.9) | −5.0
(23.0) | −6.1
(21.0) | −7.2
(19.0) | −7.8
(18.0) | −6.1
(21.0) | −2.2
(28.0) | −0.6
(30.9) | 1.7
(35.1) | −2.5
(27.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.3
(32.5) | −0.3
(31.5) | −0.8
(30.6) | −3.6
(25.5) | −7.5
(18.5) | −9.2
(15.4) | −10.6
(12.9) | −11.7
(10.9) | −10.0
(14.0) | −5.6
(21.9) | −3.6
(25.5) | −0.6
(30.9) | −5.3
(22.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.7
(28.9) | −2.2
(28.0) | −2.8
(27.0) | −5.6
(21.9) | −10.0
(14.0) | −12.2
(10.0) | −13.9
(7.0) | −15.6
(3.9) | −13.9
(7.0) | −8.9
(16.0) | −6.7
(19.9) | −2.8
(27.0) | −8.0
(17.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −8.3
(17.1) | −8.9
(16.0) | −12.8
(9.0) | −16.7
(1.9) | −29.4
(−20.9) | −33.9
(−29.0) | −36.1
(−33.0) | −36.1
(−33.0) | −38.9
(−38.0) | −27.8
(−18.0) | −22.2
(−8.0) | −10.6
(12.9) | −38.9
(−38.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 22.9
(0.90) | 73.7
(2.90) | 50.8
(2.00) | 71.1
(2.80) | 20.3
(0.80) | 33.0
(1.30) | 22.9
(0.90) | 27.9
(1.10) | 53.3
(2.10) | 25.4
(1.00) | 10.2
(0.40) | 48.3
(1.90) | 460.0
(18.11) |
| Source: Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## List of islands

This article incorporates public domain material from "Argentine Islands". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.

## InfoBox

Argentine Islands
| Wordie House, photographed in 2013 | |
| --- | --- |
| Argentine IslandsLocation in Antarctica | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Antarctica |
| Coordinates | 65°15′S 64°16′W / 65.250°S 64.267°W / -65.250; -64.267 |
| Administration | |
| Administered under the Antarctic Treaty System | |


title: Argument in the alternative

abstract: Originating in the legal profession, argument in the alternative is a strategy in which a lawyer advances several competing arguments in order to pre-empt objections by his adversary, with the goal of showing that regardless of interpretation there is no reasonable conclusion other than the advocate's. The notion is closely related to alternative pleading, and the two terms are sometimes used interchangeably. Bart Simpson's classic "I didn't do it, no one saw me do it, you can't prove anything!" could be considered a somewhat humorous example of an argument in the alternative. In a more serious example, a lawyer might argue, not only that his client was elsewhere when a murder or other crime took place, but also that even if he had been on the scene, he would have had no way of accessing the alleged murder weapon. In this way, the lawyer attacks several premises of the prosecution's argument at once. The secondary line of reasoning might be presented to persuade a sub-audience who would not otherwise agree with the primary argument. In regards to contract law, arguing in the alternative is done where a dispute arises over the terms of a contract. In a particular case it may be best for the plaintiff to allege that a statement made was to become a term of the contract. However the circumstances of the case may be such that the plaintiff cannot be certain that the court will accept this argument. To allow for this possibility, all the plaintiff need do is to argue in the alternative that the statement was in fact a representation or again in the alternative that the statement became a part of a collateral contract. Occasionally, such arguments can be confusing to some people, who perceive a self-contradiction or lack of honesty. Generally speaking, this is a case of mistakenly thinking the argument claims both alternatives are true, when in reality it is claiming only that one or the other of them must be. But arguing in the alternative certainly heightens the complexity of any given presentation.

text:
# Argument in the alternative

Originating in the legal profession, **argument in the alternative** is a strategy in which a lawyer advances several competing (and possibly mutually exclusive) arguments in order to pre-empt objections by his adversary, with the goal of showing that regardless of interpretation there is no reasonable conclusion other than the advocate's. The notion is closely related to alternative pleading, and the two terms are sometimes used interchangeably.

Bart Simpson's classic "I didn't do it, no one saw me do it, you can't prove anything!" could be considered a somewhat humorous example of an argument in the alternative. In a more serious example, a lawyer might argue, not only that his client was elsewhere when a murder or other crime took place, but also that *even if he had been on the scene*, he would have had no way of accessing the alleged murder weapon. In this way, the lawyer attacks several premises of the prosecution's argument at once. The secondary line of reasoning might be presented to persuade a sub-audience who would not otherwise agree with the primary argument.

In regards to contract law, arguing in the alternative is done where a dispute arises over the terms of a contract. In a particular case it may be best for the plaintiff to allege that a statement made was to become a term of the contract. However the circumstances of the case may be such that the plaintiff cannot be certain that the court will accept this argument. To allow for this possibility, all the plaintiff need do is to argue in the alternative that the statement was in fact a representation (which allows for remedies based on misrepresentation) or again in the alternative that the statement became a part of a collateral contract.

Occasionally, such arguments can be confusing to some people, who perceive a self-contradiction or lack of honesty. Generally speaking, this is a case of mistakenly thinking the argument claims *both* alternatives are true, when in reality it is claiming only that one or the other of them must be. But arguing in the alternative certainly heightens the complexity of any given presentation.


title: Anacardium humile

abstract: Anacardium humile, a plant species from the genus Anacardium and the family Anacardiaceae, is known for its medicinal and insecticidal properties. The shrub is commonly found in the Brazilian Pantanal and Cerrado. Common names include monkey nut, dwarf cashew nut, cajui, cajuzinho-do-cerrado, and caju-do-campo.

text:
# Anacardium humile

***Anacardium humile***, a plant species from the genus *Anacardium* and the family Anacardiaceae, is known for its medicinal and insecticidal properties. The shrub is commonly found in the Brazilian Pantanal and Cerrado. Common names include monkey nut, dwarf cashew nut, cajui, cajuzinho-do-cerrado, and caju-do-campo.

## InfoBox

| *Anacardium humile* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Anacardiaceae |
| Genus: | *Anacardium* |
| Species: | ***A. humile*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Anacardium humile***<br>Hance ex Engl. | |
|


abstract: Archive Series No. 2: Live In Chicago Q101 is a live broadcast 'studio' album performed in Chicago on April 22, 2000 and released by Violent Femmes in 2006. Includes banter between selections.

text:
# Archive Series No. 2: Live in Chicago Q101

***Archive Series No. 2: Live In Chicago Q101*** is a live broadcast 'studio' album performed in Chicago on April 22, 2000 and released by Violent Femmes in 2006. Includes banter between selections.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Gordon Gano

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Freak Magnet" |  |
| 2. | "Rejoice and Be Happy" |  |
| 3. | "Country Death Song" |  |
| 4. | "Blister in the Sun" |  |
| 5. | "I'm Nothing" |  |
| 6. | "In the Dark" |  |
| 8. | "All I Want" |  |
| 9. | "American Music" |  |

## Personnel

**Additional musicians**

* Hani Naser – Arabic percussion (tracks 6,7,8)
* Sigmund Snopek III – piano, flute (tracks 6,7,8)

*Archive Series No. 2: Live in Chicago Q101* (CD notes). Minneapolis, MN: Add it Up Productions. 2006. add it up 02.

## InfoBox

| Archive Series No. 2: Live In Chicago Q101 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album (in studio) by Violent Femmes | |
| Released | September 2006 |
| Recorded | April 22, 2000 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 31:53 |
| Label | Add It Up Productions |
| Producer | Chicago Recording Company |
| Violent Femmes chronology | |
| *Archive Series No. 1: Live in Iceland*
(2006) ***Archive Series No. 2: Live In Chicago Q101***
(2006) *Happy New Year*
(2015) | |


title: 1988 Belgian Open – Doubles

abstract: Bettina Bunge and Katerina Maleeva were the defending champions but only Maleeva competed that year with Raffaella Reggi. Maleeva and Reggi lost in the final 7–6, 6–1 against Mercedes Paz and Tine Scheuer-Larsen.

text:
# 1988 Belgian Open – Doubles

Bettina Bunge and Katerina Maleeva were the defending champions but only Maleeva competed that year with Raffaella Reggi.

Maleeva and Reggi lost in the final 76, 61 against Mercedes Paz and Tine Scheuer-Larsen.

## Seeds

Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.

1. Zina Garrison /  Kathleen Horvath *(quarterfinals)*
2. **Mercedes Paz** /  **Tine Scheuer-Larsen (champions)**
3. Katerina Maleeva /  Raffaella Reggi *(final)*
4. Arantxa Sánchez /  Sandra Wasserman *(semifinals)*

## Draw

### Key

## InfoBox

| Doubles | |
| --- | --- |
| 1988 Belgian Open | |
| 1987 Champions | Bettina Bunge
Katerina Maleeva |
| Champions | Mercedes Paz
Tine Scheuer-Larsen |
| Runners-up | Katerina Maleeva
Raffaella Reggi |
| Score | 76, 61 |


abstract: The 1925 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team was an American football team that represented Michigan State Normal School during the 1925 college football season. The Normalites compiled a perfect 8–0 record, shut out seven of eight opponents, won the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association championship, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 106 to 6. In February 1925, Elton Rynearson was appointed as Michigan State Normal's director of sports. He previously played and coached football at the school, but left in 1920 to pursue advanced studies at the University of Michigan. He also served as Michigan State Normal's head football coach from 1925 to 1948. In the six years after Rynearson's return as head coach (1925-1930), the football team compiled a 40-4-2 record.

text:
# 1925 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team

1925 Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| Michigan State Normal $ | 5 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 8 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
| Albion | 3 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  | 4 |  | 2 |
| Kalamazoo | 2 |  | 2 |  | 1 |  |  | 5 |  | 2 |  | 1 |
| Alma | 2 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 4 |  | 4 |  | 0 |
| Hillsdale | 2 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  | 4 |  | 1 |
| Olivet | 0 |  | 5 |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  | 6 |  | 1 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * $  Conference champion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1925 Michigan State Normal Normalites football team** was an American football team that represented Michigan State Normal School (later renamed Eastern Michigan University) during the 1925 college football season. The Normalites compiled a perfect 8–0 record, shut out seven of eight opponents, won the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association championship, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 106 to 6.

In February 1925, Elton Rynearson was appointed as Michigan State Normal's director of sports. He previously played and coached football at the school, but left in 1920 to pursue advanced studies at the University of Michigan. He also served as Michigan State Normal's head football coach from 1925 to 1948. In the six years after Rynearson's return as head coach (1925-1930), the football team compiled a 40-4-2 record.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| October 3 | Detroit freshmen* | Ypsilanti, MI | W 8–0 |  |
| October 10 | at Bowling Green* | Bowling Green, OH | W 14–0 |  |
| October 17 | Albion | Ypsilanti, MI | W 6–0 |  |
| October 24 | Hillsdale | Ypsilanti, MI | W 20–0 |  |
| October 31 | Ferris Institute* | Ypsilanti, MI | W 6–0 |  |
| November 8 | at Olivet | Olivet, MI | W 20–0 |  |
| November 14 | at Alma | Alma, MI | W 25–0 |  |
| November 21 | at Kalamazoo | Kalamazoo, MI | W 7–6 |  |
| * \*Non-conference game | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1925 Michigan State Normal Normalites football | |
| --- | --- |
| MIAA champion | |
| Conference | Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association |
| Record | 8–0 (5–0 MIAA) |
| Head coach |  |
| Captain | Phillip H. Teufer |
|


title: Arley Green

abstract: Arley Green is a hamlet in Cheshire, England, within the parish of Aston By Budworth. The buildings originally formed Cowhouse Farm. Rowland Egerton-Warburton, the then owner of nearby Arley Hall, converted the half-timbered barn into a school in the 1830s and adapted another 18th-century building into a terrace of Tudor-style buildings. The farmhouse was converted into a parsonage. All three buildings are Grade II listed.

text:
# Arley Green

**Arley Green** is a hamlet in Cheshire, England, within the parish of Aston By Budworth. The buildings originally formed Cowhouse Farm. Rowland Egerton-Warburton, the then owner of nearby Arley Hall, converted the half-timbered barn into a school in the 1830s and adapted another 18th-century building into a terrace of Tudor-style buildings. The farmhouse was converted into a parsonage. All three buildings are Grade II listed.

## InfoBox

| Arley Green | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Arley GreenLocation within Cheshire | |
| OS grid reference | SJ6880 |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
|  | |
| Police | Cheshire |
| Fire | Cheshire |
| Ambulance | North West |
|  | |
|


title: Andrej Maťašovský

abstract: Andrej Maťašovský is a Slovak football goalkeeper who currently plays for ŠK 1923 Gabčíkovo.

text:
# Andrej Maťašovský

**Andrej Maťašovský** (born 20 August 1988) is a Slovak football goalkeeper who currently plays for ŠK 1923 Gabčíkovo.

## Club career

### ŽP Šport Podbrezová

He made his professional debut for ŽP Šport Podbrezová against FK AS Trenčín on 27 July 2014.

## InfoBox

Andrej Maťašovský
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Andrej Maťašovský | | |
| Date of birth | (1988-08-20) 20 August 1988 | | |
| Place of birth | Czechoslovakia | | |
| Height | 1.94 m (6 ft 4 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | ŠK 1923 Gabčíkovo | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 0000–2003 | FC Nitra | | |
| 2003–2007 | TJ Slovan Nitra-Chrenová | | |
| 2006–2007 | ViOn Zlaté Moravce (Loan) | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2007–0000 | FC Veselí nad Moravou |  |  |
| 0000–2011 | SK Baťov 1930 |  |  |
| 2012 | MFK Nová Dubnica |  |  |
| 2012 | Dubnica (loan) |  |  |
| 2013–2015 | Dubnica | 50 | (0) |
| 2014 | ŽP Šport Podbrezová (loan) | 13 | (0) |
| 2015–2017 | Dukla Banská Bystrica | 24 | (0) |
| 2017 | Sereď | 8 | (0) |
| 2018 | Komárno | 8 | (0) |
| 2018 | Slovan Bratislava | 5 | (0) |
| 2019 | ŠK Tvrdošovce |  |  |
| 2019– | Gabčíkovo |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 00:44, 7 June 2019 (UTC) | | | |


abstract: The 1886 general election in Ireland took place from 1–27 July 1886 following the collapse of the Liberal government of William Gladstone after his failed attempt to implement Home Rule for Ireland. In response to Gladstone's attempt to implement Home Rule a unionist wing of the Liberals broke off to found the Liberal Unionist Party, which entered into an alliance with the Conservatives in an effort to block any attempt to implement Home Rule.

text:
# 1886 United Kingdom general election in Ireland

The **1886 general election in Ireland** took place from 1–27 July 1886 following the collapse of the Liberal government of William Gladstone after his failed attempt to implement Home Rule for Ireland.

In response to Gladstone's attempt to implement Home Rule a unionist wing of the Liberals broke off to found the Liberal Unionist Party, which entered into an alliance with the Conservatives in an effort to block any attempt to implement Home Rule.

## Results

The Irish Liberal Party, having lost all seats in the 1885 election, saw its share of the vote further plummet, to 3%. In comparison, the relative share of the vote enjoyed by the Conservatives nearly doubled. This is explained by the fact that in this election, most southern Irish seats were uncontested as opposed to the previous year, so the Irish Parliamentary Party had no contests in seats they were popular and won in walkovers. Despite a drop in their relative share of the vote the Parliamentary party only lost one seat, with the bulk of their seats – 66 – being unopposed. In total the Parliamentary party stood some 97 candidates, the Conservatives 28 (three of whom were unopposed), the Liberal Unionists seven, and the Liberals just three.

Whilst the Liberal Unionists gained two seats – South Londonderry and South Tyrone – the Conservatives lost the seat of Belfast West to the Parliamentary party.

Not included in the totals are the two Dublin University seats, which were retained by Conservatives standing on a Unionist ticket.

| Party | | Leader | Seats | | | Votes | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | \# of Seats | | % of Seats | Seat Change | \# of Votes | % of Votes | Vote Change |
|  | Irish Parliamentary | Charles Stewart Parnell | 84 | 83.2 | 1 | 91,083 | 46.7 | 20.6 |
|  | Conservative | Lord Salisbury | 15 | 14.9 | 1 | 76,257 | 39.1 | 16.2 |
|  | Liberal Unionist | Joseph Chamberlain | 2 | 2.0 | 2 | 21,944 | 11.3 | 11.3 |
|  | Liberal | William Ewart Gladstone | 0 | 0 |  | 5,710 | 2.9 | 3.7 |
| Totals | | | **101** | **100** |  | **194,994** | **100** |  |
| Source: B.M. Walker | | | | | | | | |

| Popular vote   **Irish Parliamentary**  46.71%  Conservative  39.10%  Liberal Unionist  11.25%  Liberal  2.93% |
| --- |

| Parliamentary seats   **Irish Parliamentary**  83.17%  Conservative  14.85%  Liberal Unionist  1.98% |
| --- |

## InfoBox

1886 United Kingdom general election in Ireland
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  101 of the 670 seats to the House of Commons | |
| First party Second party Third party   Leader Charles Stewart Parnell Marquess of Salisbury William Ewart Gladstone  Party Irish Parliamentary Conservative and Liberal Unionist Liberal  Leader since 17 October 1882 April 1881 April 1880  Leader's seat Cork City House of Lords Midlothian  Seats before 85 16 0  Seats won **84** 17 0  Seat change 1 1   Popular vote 94,883 **98,201** 1,910  Percentage 46.7% **50.4%** 2.9%  Swing 19.2% 25.6% 5.8% | |
| ---  Results of the 1886 election in Ireland<br>Conservative   Liberal Unionist   Irish Parliamentary Party | |


title: Ellsworth Gaulke

abstract: Ellsworth K. Gaulke was an American businessman, educator, and politician. Born in Wausau, Wisconsin, Gaulke served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. He received his bachelor's and master's degrees from what is now Central Michigan University and did graduate work at University of Minnesota Duluth. He was a school principal and restaurant owner in Lac du Flambeau, Wisconsin. He served as town board chairman and on the school board. Gaulke served in the Wisconsin State Assembly as a Democrat in 1971.

text:
# Ellsworth Gaulke

**Ellsworth K. Gaulke** (October 6, 1925  August 1, 1993) was an American businessman, educator, and politician.

Born in Wausau, Wisconsin, Gaulke served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. He received his bachelor's and master's degrees from what is now Central Michigan University and did graduate work at University of Minnesota Duluth. He was a school principal and restaurant owner in Lac du Flambeau, Wisconsin. He served as town board chairman and on the school board. Gaulke served in the Wisconsin State Assembly as a Democrat in 1971.

## InfoBox

| Ellsworth Gaulke | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Wisconsin State Assembly | |
| **In office**
1971–1971 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Ellsworth K. Gaulke
(1925-10-06)October 6, 1925
Wausau, Wisconsin |
| Died | October 1, 1993(1993-10-01) (aged 67) |
| Political party | Democrat |
|  | |


title: Ellsworth Foote

abstract: Ellsworth Bishop Foote was a U.S. Representative from Connecticut. Born in North Branford, Connecticut, January 12, 1898, Foote attended the public schools. He graduated from Yale Business College in 1916 and from Georgetown University Law School, Washington, D.C., in 1923. He was admitted to the bar in 1924 and commenced practice in New Haven, Connecticut. He served as corporation counsel of North Branford from 1924 to 1946. In 1925-26, he served as special assistant to the Attorney General, at the United States Department of Justice in Washington, D.C. He served as chairman of the board of finance of North Branford from 1934 to 1946. Foote served as judge of probate in the North Branford District from 1938 to 1946. He was New Haven County Attorney from 1942 to 1946, and again from 1949 to 1960. He served as acting judge of probate in the New Haven Probate Court in 1944-45. He was elected as a Republican to the Eightieth Congress, but was unsuccessful for re-election in 1948. After his defeat he again served as corporation counsel for the town of North Branford, and resumed the practice of law. Foote died in Guilford, Connecticut, January 18, 1977. He was interred in Bare Plain Cemetery, North Branford, Connecticut. His daughter, Roberta (Foote) Koontz, ran unsuccessfully for Congress in 1984.

text:
# Ellsworth Foote

**Ellsworth Bishop Foote** (January 12, 1898 – January 18, 1977) was a U.S. Representative from Connecticut.

Born in North Branford, Connecticut, January 12, 1898, Foote attended the public schools. He graduated from Yale Business College in 1916 and from Georgetown University Law School, Washington, D.C., in 1923. He was admitted to the bar in 1924 and commenced practice in New Haven, Connecticut.

He served as corporation counsel of North Branford from 1924 to 1946. In 1925-26, he served as special assistant to the Attorney General, at the United States Department of Justice in Washington, D.C. He served as chairman of the board of finance of North Branford from 1934 to 1946.

Foote served as judge of probate in the North Branford District from 1938 to 1946. He was New Haven County Attorney from 1942 to 1946, and again from 1949 to 1960. He served as acting judge of probate in the New Haven Probate Court in 1944-45.

He was elected as a Republican to the Eightieth Congress (January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1949), but was unsuccessful for re-election in 1948. After his defeat he again served as corporation counsel for the town of North Branford, and resumed the practice of law.

Foote died in Guilford, Connecticut, January 18, 1977. He was interred in Bare Plain Cemetery, North Branford, Connecticut.

His daughter, Roberta (Foote) Koontz, ran unsuccessfully for Congress in 1984.

* United States Congress. "Ellsworth Foote (id: F000250)". *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*.

This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

## InfoBox

| Ellsworth Foote | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Connecticut's 3rd district | |
| **In office**
January 3, 1947  January 3, 1949 | |
| Preceded by | James P. Geelan |
| Succeeded by | John A. McGuire |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1898-01-12)January 12, 1898
North Branford, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Died | January 18, 1977(1977-01-18) (aged 79)
Guilford, Connecticut, U.S |
| Political party | Republican |
| Education | Yale University
Georgetown University |
|  | |


title: 1985 Hamilton Tiger-Cats season

abstract: The 1985 Hamilton Tiger-Cats season was the 28th season for the team in the Canadian Football League and their 36th overall. The Tiger-Cats finished in first place in the East Division with an 8–8 record which marked the first time in league history that a team finished in first place without a winning record. The team appeared in the 73rd Grey Cup game, but lost to the BC Lions.

text:
# 1985 Hamilton Tiger-Cats season

The **1985 Hamilton Tiger-Cats season** was the 28th season for the team in the Canadian Football League and their 36th overall. The Tiger-Cats finished in first place in the East Division with an 8–8 record which marked the first time in league history that a team finished in first place without a winning record. The team appeared in the 73rd Grey Cup game, but lost to the BC Lions.

## Preseason

| Game | Date | Opponent | Results | | Venue | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Score | Record | | |
| A | June 11 | at Toronto Argonauts | L 6–24 | 0–1 |  |  |
| B | June 17 | vs. Toronto Argonauts | L 13–24 | 0–2 |  |  |
| C | June 21 | at Montreal Concordes | L 13–32 | 0–3 |  |  |
| D | June 29 | vs. Ottawa Rough Riders | W 33–14 | 1–3 |  |  |

## Regular season

### Season standings

**East Division**
| Team | GP | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Hamilton Tiger-Cats** | 16 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 377 | 315 | 16 |
| **Montreal Concordes** | 16 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 284 | 332 | 16 |
| **Ottawa Rough Riders** | 16 | 7 | 9 | 0 | 272 | 402 | 14 |
| Toronto Argonauts | 16 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 344 | 397 | 12 |

### Season schedule

| Week | Game | Date | Opponent | Results | | Venue | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Score | Record | | |
| 1 | 1 | July 6 | vs. BC Lions | L 8–42 | 0–1 |  |  |
| 2 | 2 | July 11 | at Winnipeg Blue Bombers | L 11–16 | 0–2 |  |  |
| 3 | *Bye* | | | | | | |
| 4 | 3 | July 26 | vs. Toronto Argonauts | L 10–35 | 0–3 |  |  |
| 5 | 4 | Aug 2 | at Montreal Concordes | W 39–11 | 1–3 |  |  |
| 6 | 5 | Aug 10 | at Saskatchewan Roughriders | L 29–33 | 1–4 |  |  |
| 7 | 6 | Aug 18 | vs. Winnipeg Blue Bombers | L 10–28 | 1–5 |  |  |
| 8 | 7 | Aug 24 | at BC Lions | L 11–21 | 1–6 |  |  |
| 9 | 8 | Sept 2 | vs. Montreal Concordes | W 19–16 | 2–6 |  |  |
| 10 | 9 | Sept 8 | at Edmonton Eskimos | L 17–27 | 2–7 |  |  |
| 11 | 10 | Sept 15 | at Toronto Argonauts | W 41–10 | 3–7 |  |  |
| 12 | 11 | Sept 22 | vs. Ottawa Rough Riders | W 32–11 | 4–7 |  |  |
| 13 | 12 | Sept 29 | at Calgary Stampeders | W 30–13 | 5–7 |  |  |
| 14 | 13 | Oct 5 | vs. Edmonton Eskimos | L 12–17 | 5–8 |  |  |
| 15 | 14 | Oct 14 | vs. Saskatchewan Roughriders | W 51–14 | 6–8 |  |  |
| 16 | *Bye* | | | | | | |
| 17 | 15 | Oct 26 | at Ottawa Rough Riders | W 36–4 | 7–8 |  |  |
| 18 | 16 | Nov 2 | vs. Calgary Stampeders | W 21–17 | 8–8 |  |  |

## Postseason

### Schedule

| Round | Date | Opponent | Results | | Venue | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Score | Record | | |
| East Final | Nov 17 | vs. Montreal Concordes | W 50–26 | 1–0 |  |  |
| Grey Cup | Nov 24 | vs. BC Lions | L 24–37 | 1–1 |  |  |

#### Grey Cup

| Teams | 1 Q | 2 Q | 3 Q | 4 Q | Final |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hamilton Tiger-Cats | 0 | 14 | 0 | 10 | 24 |
| **BC Lions** | 10 | 13 | 6 | 8 | **37** |

## InfoBox

| 1985 Hamilton Tiger-Cats season | |
| --- | --- |
| Head coach | Al Bruno |
| Home field | Ivor Wynne Stadium |
| Results | |
| Record | **8–8** |
| Division place | **1st, East** |
| Playoff finish | **Lost Grey Cup** |
| Team MOP | Ken Hobart |
| Team MOC | Paul Bennett |
| Team MOR | Mike Derks |
| Uniform | |
|  | |
|


title: Embassy of Croatia, London

abstract: The Embassy of Croatia in London is the diplomatic mission of Croatia in the United Kingdom. It is located next to the embassies of Mozambique and Liberia on Fitzroy Square.

text:
# Embassy of Croatia, London

The **Embassy of Croatia** in London is the diplomatic mission of Croatia in the United Kingdom. It is located next to the embassies of Mozambique and Liberia on Fitzroy Square.

## InfoBox

| Embassy of Croatia in London | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Fitzrovia, London |
| Address | 21 Conway Street, London, W1T 6BN |
| Coordinates | 51°31′24″N 0°8′28.5″W / 51.52333°N 0.141250°W / 51.52333; -0.141250 |
| Ambassador | Igor Pokaz |


title: Aphomia caffralis

abstract: Aphomia caffralis is a species of snout moth in the genus Aphomia. It was described by George Hampson in 1917 and is known from South Africa.

text:
# Aphomia caffralis

***Aphomia caffralis*** is a species of snout moth in the genus *Aphomia*. It was described by George Hampson in 1917 and is known from South Africa.

## InfoBox

| *Aphomia caffralis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Aphomia* |
| Species: | ***A. caffralis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aphomia caffralis***<br>Hampson, 1917 | |
|


abstract: The I Games of the Small States of Europe were held in 1985 by the Republic of San Marino.

text:
# 1985 Games of the Small States of Europe

The **I Games of the Small States of Europe** were held in 1985 by the Republic of San Marino.

## Competitions

## Medal table

Final Table:

*   Host nation (San Marino)

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Iceland (ISL) | 21 | 7 | 4 | 32 |
| 2 | Cyprus (CYP) | 15 | 8 | 9 | 32 |
| 3 | Luxembourg (LUX) | 11 | 23 | 18 | 52 |
| 4 | San Marino (SMR)* | 2 | 11 | 11 | 24 |
| 5 | Andorra (AND) | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| | Liechtenstein (LIE) | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 7 | Monaco (MON) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 8 | Malta (MLT) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (8 entries) | | 49 | 49 | 53 | 151 |

## InfoBox

I Games of the Small States of Europe
I Giochi dei piccoli stati d'Europa
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | San Marino |
| Nations | 8 |
| Athletes | 222 |
| Events | 49 in 7 sports |
| Opening | May 23 |
| Closing | May 26 |
| Opened by | Marino Bollini & Giuseppe Amici |
|  | |


title: 1985 Gator Bowl

abstract: The 1985 Gator Bowl game was a post-season college football bowl game between the Florida State University Seminoles and the Oklahoma State Cowboys, and was played on Monday, December 30, 1985, at Gator Bowl Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. It was the 41st edition of the bowl game.

text:
# 1985 Gator Bowl

The **1985 Gator Bowl** game was a post-season college football bowl game between the Florida State University Seminoles and the Oklahoma State Cowboys, and was played on Monday, December 30, 1985, at Gator Bowl Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida. It was the 41st edition of the bowl game.

## Game summary

Freshman quarterback Chip Ferguson threw for 338 yards and a pair of touchdowns, and Tony Smith added 201 yards rushing as Florida State defeated Oklahoma State, 34–23, in the 41st annual Gator Bowl.

FSU, which entered the game without its top three receivers, tricked Oklahoma State's defense by throwing on 15 of its first 20 plays. Derek Schmidt field goals of 23 and 39 yards, and a 39-yard touchdown catch by Herb Gainer sandwiched in between, gave FSU a 13–0 halftime lead.

Oklahoma State got on the scoreboard following the intermission when a 63-yard drive ended in a 33-yard field goal by Brad Dennis.

Ferguson, who was named Florida State's MVP, went back to the air, taking the Seminoles 73 yards on the next series before handing off to senior fullback Cletis Jones for a three-yard touchdown run. An interception by Deion Sanders gave the ball back to FSU, and Ferguson used just five plays before hitting Gainer with a 19-yard touchdown pass. That made the score 27–3, Florida State.

Oklahoma State didn't give up with Cowboy quarterback Ronnie William passing 29 yards to All-America tailback Thurman Thomas for an Oklahoma State touchdown. Following a Ferguson fumble, Williams handed off to Thomas, who threw back to the quarterback for a 12-yard touchdown that closed the score to 27–17.

Early in the fourth quarter, Ferguson scored from one yard out to give the Seminoles a 17-point cushion. The Cowboys added a late touchdown on a 31–yard pass from Williams to Hart Lee Dykes.

Sophomore wide receiver Randy White, who had never caught a pass at FSU, grabbed four passes for 87 yards in the first half while Gainer, who had caught just five during the regular season, hauled in seven for 148 yards and two touchdown. Smith's 201 rushing yards came on 24 carries.

The Seminole defense held Thomas in check the entire game, limiting him to 97 yards on 26 attempts. Florida State finished the season with a 9–3 record.

## InfoBox

| 1985 Gator Bowl | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 1 2 3 4 Total  **Florida State** 3 10 14 7 34  **Oklahoma State** 0 0 17 6 23 | |
| Date | December 30, 1985 |
| Season | 1985 |
| Stadium | Gator Bowl Stadium |
| Location | Jacksonville, Florida |
| MVP | Chip Ferguson (QB, Florida State) & Thurman Thomas (RB, Oklahoma State) |
| Referee | Jim Kemerling (Big Ten) |
| Attendance | 79,417 |
| United States TV coverage | |
| Network | ABC |
| Announcers | Al Michaels and Lee Grosscup |
|