title: Alan Mann Racing

abstract: Alan Mann Racing was a British motor racing team organised by Alan Mann, who was a part-time racing driver and team manager. The team ran a substantial part of the Ford works racing effort in Europe from 1964 to 1969, when it ceased operations. It was based in Byfleet, Surrey, near the Brooklands race circuit.

text:
# Alan Mann Racing

**Alan Mann Racing** was a British motor racing team organised by Alan Mann (22 August 1936 – 21 March 2012), who was a part-time racing driver and team manager. The team ran a substantial part of the Ford works racing effort in Europe from 1964 to 1969, when it ceased operations. It was based in Byfleet, Surrey, near the Brooklands race circuit.

## History

Alan Mann ran Ford Zephyrs and Anglias in 1962 under the entrant of Andrews Garage in British saloon car races. In 1963 he prepared a Ford Cortina GT under Alan Andrews Racing for Henry Taylor in racing and rallying in a quasi-Ford Team.

His team was included to run a Ford Cortina GT in the 3rd running of the Marlboro 12-hour, at Marlboro Motor Raceway, US, in August 1963 with the express purpose of winning its class, as Volvo was reaping publicity from a string of victories. His Cortina, driven by Henry Taylor and Jimmy Blumer, came second to another Cortina of John Willment Automobiles driven by Jack Sears and Bob Olthoff, which won the race overall. This made an impression on John Holman of Holman & Moody, Ford's top racing team in the US, who had already sold Willment a Ford Galaxie and this subsequently attracted more of Ford's attention.

For 1964 Alan Mann Racing became a Ford factory team. The team ran cars in events as diverse as the Monte Carlo Rally and the Tour de France Automobile to the 24 Hours of Le Mans. Shelby won the Over 2000cc Division of the 1965 International Championship for GT Manufacturers with Cobra Daytona and Cobra roadster models entered by various teams, including Alan Mann Racing. For the big Ford effort to win Le Mans in 1966, Alan Mann Racing developed a lightweight version of the GT40 with a light alloy body and other modifications. Five cars were ordered, but only two were built as the project was abandoned by Ford in favour of the MKII GT40. Alan Mann Racing entered two 7-litre MKII cars for Le Mans in 1966, but despite one of them leading early on in the race, both cars retired.

The team's red and gold livery graced various Ford models including GT40, Cortina, Falcon, and Escort. The Ford F3L prototype was built and raced by Alan Mann Racing. Some of the best drivers of the period from Graham Hill and Sir Jackie Stewart to Sir John Whitmore and Frank Gardner raced for the team, which achieved substantial successes in many different forms of the sport.

## Film work

AMR also was involved in film and TV work. The company built the original Chitty Chitty Bang Bangs for the film of the same name. Work was also done for the James Bond film Goldfinger, work for the aborted Steve McQueen F1 film 'Day of the Champion', as well as pre-production work for McQueen's film Le Mans.

They also built three cars with 'futuristic' appearance, based on Ford Zephyr running gear and aluminium gullwing door bodyshells, for Gerry Anderson and the 1969 film 'Doppelgänger'. These were re-painted and re-used for the much better known UFO TV series of 1970. The cars were infamously unfinished, underpowered and unreliable. Ed Straker's car was later owned by DJ Dave Lee Travis, who hated it. Little survives of these cars, except for enough remains to build a modern replica.

## Major victories

The team was resurrected in 2004 by Alan Mann, and is active in historic racing - featuring in such events as the Silverstone Classic, the Goodwood Festival of Speed, the Goodwood Revival and regular appearances on the Masters Historic Pre-1966 Touring Cars competition.


abstract: The 1970 All-Big Eight Conference football team consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Eight Conference teams for the 1970 NCAA University Division football season. The selectors for the 1970 season included the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI).

text:
# 1970 All-Big Eight Conference football team

The **1970 All-Big Eight Conference football team** consists of American football players chosen by various organizations for All-Big Eight Conference teams for the 1970 NCAA University Division football season. The selectors for the 1970 season included the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI).

## Offensive selections

### Ends

* **Hermann Eben**, Oklahoma State (AP-1; UPI-1)
* **Otto Stowe**, Iowa State (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Dick Graham, Oklahoma State (UPI-2)
* Guy Ingles, Nebraska (UPI-2)

### Tackles

### Guards

* **Dennis Havig**, Colorado (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Steve Lawson, Kansas (AP-1; UPI-2)
* Donnie McGhee, Nebraska (UPI-1)
* Mickey Kephart, Missouri (UPI-2)
* Bobby Childs, Kansas (UPI-2)

### Centers

### Quarterbacks

### Halfbacks

### Fullbacks

## Defensive selections

### Defensive ends

* **Herb Orvis**, Colorado (AP-1; UPI-1)
* **Mike Kuhn**, Kansas State (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Mike Bennett, Missouri (UPI-2)
* Willie Harper, Nebraska (UPI-2)

### Defensive tackles

* **Dave Walline**, Nebraska (AP-1; UPI-1)
* **Ron Yankowski**, Kansas State (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Kevin Grady, Oklahoma (UPI-2)
* Rocky Wallace, Missouri (UPI-2)

### Middle guards

* **Ed Periard**, Nebraska (AP-1; UPI-1)

### Linebackers

* **Jerry Murtaugh**, Nebraska (AP-1; UPI-1)
* **Oscar Gibson**, Kansas State (AP-1; UPI-1)
* **Steve Aycock**, Oklahoma (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Adam Vital, Missouri (UPI-2)
* Phil Irwin, Colorado (UPI-2)
* Nip Weisenfels, Missouri (UPI-2)

### Defensive backs

* **Clarence Scott**, Kansas State (AP-1; UPI-1)
* **Tony Washington**, Iowa State (AP-1; UPI-1)
* Monty Johnson, Oklahoma (AP-1; UPI-2)
* Bill Kosch, Nebraska (UPI-1)
* Pat Murphy, Colorado (UPI-2)
* Mike Kolich, Kansas State (UPI-2)
* Lee Stover, Oklahoma State (UPI-2)

## Key

AP = Associated Press

UPI = United Press International


title: Egira tibori

abstract: Egira tibori is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. It is endemic to the eastern part of the Mediterranean, the Balkans, Turkey, Israel, Lebanon and Jordan. Adults are on wing from February to May. There is one generation per year. The larvae probably feed on various herbaceous plants and trees.

text:
# Egira tibori

***Egira tibori*** is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. It is endemic to the eastern part of the Mediterranean, the Balkans, Turkey, Israel, Lebanon and Jordan.

Adults are on wing from February to May. There is one generation per year.

The larvae probably feed on various herbaceous plants and trees.

## InfoBox

| *Egira tibori* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | *Egira* |
| Species: | ***E. tibori*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Egira tibori***<br>Hreblay, 1994 | |
|


title: Air Gear

abstract: Air Gear Air Gear is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Oh! great, serialized in Kodansha's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Magazine from November 2002 to May 2012, with its chapters collected in 37 tankōbon volumes. Air Gear revolves around the life of Itsuki Minami "Ikki or Crow", also known as "Baby Face", "Lil Crow", and his friends. The story follows their use of Air Gear, an in-universe invention derived from inline skates. Initial sections of the plot carries out the introduction of characters that eventually join Ikki. As the story progresses, it focuses on their roles as Storm Riders and their quest to be on the top of the Trophaeum Tower, the pinnacle that all Storm Riders hope to reach. Air Gear was adapted into a 25-episode anime television series by Toei Animation, which aired on TV Tokyo from April to September 2006. A three-episode original video animation (OVA), titled Air Gear: Break on the Sky, produced by Satelight, was released from November 2010 to June 2011. Air Gear had over 18 million copies in circulation by August 2020. It won the 31st Kodansha Manga Award for the shōnen category in 2006.

text:
# Air Gear

***Air Gear*** (Japanese: エア・ギア, Hepburn: *Ea Gia*) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Oh! great, serialized in Kodansha's *shōnen* manga magazine *Weekly Shōnen Magazine* from November 2002 to May 2012, with its chapters collected in 37 *tankōbon* volumes. *Air Gear* revolves around the life of Itsuki Minami "Ikki or Crow", also known as "Baby Face", "Lil (and Little) Crow", and his friends. The story follows their use of Air Gear, an in-universe invention derived from inline skates. Initial sections of the plot carries out the introduction of characters that eventually join Ikki. As the story progresses, it focuses on their roles as Storm Riders and their quest to be on the top of the Trophaeum Tower, the pinnacle that all Storm Riders hope to reach.

*Air Gear* was adapted into a 25-episode anime television series by Toei Animation, which aired on TV Tokyo from April to September 2006. A three-episode original video animation (OVA), titled *Air Gear: Break on the Sky*, produced by Satelight, was released from November 2010 to June 2011.

*Air Gear* had over 18 million copies in circulation by August 2020. It won the 31st Kodansha Manga Award for the *shōnen* category in 2006.

## Plot

A new fad by the name of "Air Treks" (a futuristic evolution of aggressive skating) has swept the nation's youth and all over gangs are being formed that compete in various events using their A-Ts. Ikki is a middle-school boy who is the toughest street-fighting punk on the east side of town and part of the gang "The East-Side Gunz". He lives with four adopted gorgeous sisters who took him in when he was a kid. But what Ikki does not know is that the girls are part of one of the most infamous A-T gangs, "Sleeping Forest". It does not take long before Ikki finds out about the world of Air Treks and is propelled into a fate he had not foreseen, learning about his past and making a number of storm riding allies on the way.

## Media

### Manga

Written and illustrated by Oh! Great, *Air Gear* was serialized in Kodansha's *shōnen* manga magazine *Weekly Shōnen Magazine* from November 6, 2002, to May 23, 2012. Kodansha collected its 357 individual chapters into 37 *tankōbon* volumes, published under its Shōnen Magazine Comics imprint, from May 16, 2003, to July 17, 2012. A one-shot chapter was published in the magazine on December 22, 2015.

The manga was licensed for release in North America by Del Rey Manga and the first volume was released on July 25, 2006. They published the first 17 volumes. Kodansha USA published the series under the Kodansha Comics imprint after Del Rey's shut down.

### Anime

An anime adaptation covering 12 volumes of the manga was produced by Toei Animation, Marvelous and Avex Entertainment and directed by Hajime Kamegaki, with Chiaki J. Konaka handling series composition and writing episode scripts, Masayuki Satō designing the characters and skankfunk, Wall5 Project and Masaki Sakamoto composing the music. ADV Films announced over the October 20, 2006 weekend at Oni-Con that they had licensed the anime for release in the United States; the anime in its entirety reportedly cost $780,000. Though few of the actual artists and inside creators of Air Gear were actually there. The few that were there included Loa Mitsoyagi (Ikki), Ian Miller (Agito), Jason Remmings (Kazuma), and the ADV representing team. The first volume was released on February 6, 2007. ADV released the uncensored Japanese home video version, rather than the broadcast version. On January 3, 2007, IGN released a special sneak peek of Episode 1 of the English dub. In 2008, *Air Gear* became one of over 30 ADV titles transferred to Funimation. In Australia and New Zealand, the series is licensed by Madman Entertainment.

Avex released one single and two albums covering all the songs and themes used for the anime adaptation. The opening theme single "Chain" performed by Back-on was released on June 7, 2006 and peak ranked 139th on Oricon singles chart. The two albums *Air Gear original soundtrack: What a Groovy Tricks!!* and *Air Gear original soundtrack 2: Who wants more Groovy Trick!!??* were released on August 23, 2006 and February 28, 2007, respectively.

### Original video animation

In July 2010, it was announced that a new *Air Gear* original video animation (OVA) would be released alongside the limited edition of the manga's 30th volume. Animation studio Satelight animated the OVA instead of Toei with Shinji Ishihira as director, Atsushi Maekawa as script writer, Osamu Horiuchi as character designer and Stanislas Brunet as mechanical design. Nobuhiko Okamoto plays Ikki, Haruka Tomatsu plays Ringo, and Yukari Fukui plays Kururu.

The first OVA was released on November 17, 2010 and adapted the confrontation between Ikki and Ringo from volume 16 of the manga. The second OVA was released on March 17 and the final third OVA was released on June 17, 2011. The latter two OVAs adapt the legendary battle between Kogarasumaru and Sleeping Forest from volumes 24 and 25 of the manga.

### Musical

*Air Gear* was adapted into a musical called Musical Air Gear, which made its debut on January 7, 2007 and ran until January 21, 2007. The musical is loosely adapted from the manga and all female roles are eliminated from the plot. The cast featured Kenta Kamakari, KENN, and Kenjiro Tsuda reprising their roles from the anime respectively as Ikki, Kazu, and Spitfire with Masaki Kaji (who had also starred with Kenta and KENN in the Prince of Tennis musicals), Run&Gun, etc. as their co-stars. In the musical, team Kogarasumaru opposes team Bacchus, whose names all come from works of Shakespeare. (Romeo, Juliet, Hamlet, Macbeth and Puck).

Due to the success and popularity of the musical's first run, the musical had a rerun in May, 2007 titled, *Musical Air Gear vs. Bacchus Super Range Remix* (ミュージカル｢エア·ギア｣vs.バッカス Super Range Remix, *Myūjikaru "Ea Gia" tai Bakkasu Sūpā Renji Rimikkusu*) with the entire cast, except for Kenta Kamakari due to illness, reprising their roles. Ryuji Kamiyama (originally Romeo) replaced Kamakari, subsequently Kosuke Yonehara (originally Hamlet) took over the role of Romeo and a new actor was brought in to play Hamlet.

In April, 2010 there was a third run of the musical, It was titled '*Musical Air Gear vs. Bacchus Top Gear Remix.'* Many cast members reprise their roles, Kenta Kamakari returning as Ikki. Remarkably, Agito's actor was replaced by a younger actor and the original actor now played the part of Juliet. The role of Spitfire was replaced by Aeon Clock.

## Reception

By August 2020, *Air Gear* had over 18 million copies in circulation. It won the 2006 Kodansha Manga Award in the *shōnen* category.

Anime News Network gave the first manga volume an overall positive review praising the artwork but criticizing the story. BlogCritics said "It mixes this action and comedy quite well with a storyline that doesn't fail to leave a reader wanting more." The anime has often been criticized for not remaining true to the manga, story and skipping parts, but is praised for its soundtrack. The English dub has received positive reviews since its release. AnimeOnDVD said "The concept of the show is one that is pure anime though and something that visually can be done very well". The anime's ending was cited as underwhelming despite its mostly positive reviews.

## InfoBox

| Air Gear | |
| --- | --- |
| First *tankōbon* volume cover cover, featuring Ikki Minami with his pet crow, Kuu | |
| エア・ギア<br>(*Ea Gia*) | |
| Genre | Action, sports |
| Manga | |
| Written by | Oh! great |
| Published by | Kodansha |
| English publisher |  |
| Imprint | Shōnen Magazine Comics |
| Magazine | *Weekly Shōnen Magazine* |
| Demographic | *Shōnen* |
| Original run | November 6, 2002May 23, 2012 |
| Volumes | 37 |
| Anime television series | |
| Directed by | Hajime Kamegaki |
| Produced by | * Nobuaki Suzuki * Takao Yoshizawa |
| Written by | Chiaki J. Konaka |
| Music by | * Wall5 * skankfunk * Masao Mase * Rowii * YA3 * Masaki Sakamoto |
| Studio | Toei Animation |
| Licensed by | Crunchyroll |
| Original network | TV Tokyo |
| English network |  |
| Original run | April 4, 2006  September 26, 2006 |
| Episodes | 25 |
| Original animation DVD | |
| *Break on the Sky* | |
| Directed by | Shinji Ishihira |
| Produced by | * Kensuke Tateishi * Masakazu Yoshimoto * Shōya Fukuda |
| Written by | Atsushi Maekawa |
| Music by | Shigerō Yoshida |
| Studio | Satelight |
| Released | November 17, 2010  June 17, 2011 |
| Runtime | 28 minutes |
| Episodes | 3 |


title: Divya Mani Rajbhandari

abstract: Dibya Mani Rajbhandari is a Nepali politician and a member of the House of Representatives of the federal parliament of Nepal. He was elected under the proportional representation system from Nepali Congress filling the reserved seat for the Indigenous group.

text:
# Divya Mani Rajbhandari

**Dibya Mani Rajbhandari** (or **Dibyamani Rajbhandari**) is a Nepali politician and a member of the House of Representatives of the federal parliament of Nepal. He was elected under the proportional representation system from Nepali Congress filling the reserved seat for the Indigenous group.

## InfoBox

| Dibyamani Rajbhandari | |
| --- | --- |
| दिव्यमणि राजभण्डारी | |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament, Pratinidhi Sabha for
Nepali Congress party list | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
4 March 2018 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1955-03-26) 26 March 1955
Kathmandu District |
| Citizenship | Nepali |
| Political party | Nepali Congress |
|  | |


title: Do Deewaane Sheher Mein

abstract: "Do Deewaane Sheher Mein" is an Indian Hindi song from the Bollywood film Gharaonda. (1977). The film was directed by Bhimsain Khurana. The lyrics of the song was written by Gulzar, and the music was composed by Jaidev. In 1977 Gulzar won his first Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist for this song. The song was sung by Bhupinder Singh and Runa Laila. The song has a reprise "Ek Akela Is Sheher Mein".

text:
# Do Deewaane Sheher Mein

"**Do Deewaane Sheher Mein**" is an Indian Hindi song from the Bollywood film *Gharaonda*. (1977). The film was directed by Bhimsain Khurana. The lyrics of the song was written by Gulzar, and the music was composed by Jaidev. In 1977 Gulzar won his first Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist for this song. The song was sung by Bhupinder Singh and Runa Laila. The song has a reprise "Ek Akela Is Sheher Mein".

## Awards and reception

The song received the following awards:

| Year | Award | Category | Recipient | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1977 | Filmfare Award | Best lyricist of the year | Gulzar |

## InfoBox

| "Do Deewaane Sheher Mein" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by Runa Laila<br>Bhupinder Singh | |
| Language | Hindi |
| Released | 1977 |
| Composer(s) | Jaidev |
| Lyricist(s) | Gulzar |


abstract: "Dive Bar" is a song recorded by American country music singers Garth Brooks and Blake Shelton. It was released to country radio on June 18, 2019 as the third single on Brooks' fourteenth studio album Fun. The song was written by Brooks, Bryan Kennedy and Mitch Rossell.

text:
# Dive Bar (Garth Brooks and Blake Shelton song)

"**Dive Bar**" is a song recorded by American country music singers Garth Brooks and Blake Shelton. It was released to country radio on June 18, 2019 as the third single on Brooks' fourteenth studio album *Fun*. The song was written by Brooks, Bryan Kennedy and Mitch Rossell.

## Release and promotion

On June 18, 2019, "Dive Bar" was released only to country radio stations. The digital single was made available for streaming only on July 15, 2019, exclusively through Amazon Music. On July 7, Brooks announced a promotional concert tour in support of the single. The Dive Bar Tour features Brooks visiting seven dive bars throughout the United States.

On July 15, 2019, Brooks performance of the song during the Dive Bar Tour aired on *Jimmy Kimmel Live!*.

## Charts

## InfoBox

| "Dive Bar" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Garth Brooks and Blake Shelton | |
| from the album  *Fun* | |
| Released | June 18, 2019 |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 2:37 |
| Label | Pearl |
| Songwriter(s) | Garth Brooks, Bryan Kennedy, Mitch Rossell |
| Producer(s) | Garth Brooks |
| Garth Brooks singles chronology | |
| "Stronger Than Me"
(2018) "**Dive Bar**"
(2019) "Shallow"
(2020) | |
|  | |
| Blake Shelton singles chronology | |
| "God's Country"
(2019) "**Dive Bar**"
(2019) "Hell Right"
(2019) | |
|  | |


title: Akera spirata

abstract: Akera spirata is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusk in the family Akeridae, a family that is related to the sea hares.

text:
# Akera spirata

***Akera spirata*** is an extinct species of sea snail (or sea slug), a marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusk in the family Akeridae, a family that is related to the sea hares.

## Distribution

Fossils of this extinct species were found in Paleocene strata in Champagne-Ardenne, France.

* Le Renard, J. & Pacaud, J. (1995). "Révision des mollusques Paléogènes du Bassin de Paris. II. Liste des références primaires des espèces". *Cossmanniana*. **3**: 128.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

## InfoBox

| *Akera spirata*
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Aplysiida |
| Superfamily: | Akeroidea |
| Family: | Akeridae |
| Genus: | *Akera* |
| Species: | ***A. spirata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Akera spirata***
Staadt, 1913 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Acera spirata* Staadt, 1913 superseded combination | |


title: Air Guitar Nation

abstract: Air Guitar Nation is a feature-length 2006 documentary about the first US Air Guitar Championships, following the top contestants, David "C-Diddy" Jung and Dan "Björn Türoque" Crane, to the 2003 World Championship in Oulu, Finland. The film premiered in 2006 as part of the AFI/Discovery Channel Documentary Film Festival and was then played at the 2007 Adelaide International Film Festival.

text:
# Air Guitar Nation

***Air Guitar Nation*** is a feature-length 2006 documentary about the first US Air Guitar Championships, following the top contestants, David "C-Diddy" Jung and Dan "Björn Türoque" Crane, to the 2003 World Championship in Oulu, Finland.

The film premiered in 2006 as part of the AFI/Discovery Channel Documentary Film Festival and was then played at the 2007 Adelaide International Film Festival.

## InfoBox

| Air Guitar Nation | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional film poster | |
| Directed by | Alexandra Lipsitz |
| Produced by | Anna Barber
Dan Cutforth
Jane Lipsitz |
| Starring | David S. Jung
Dan Crane
Zac Munro |
| Edited by | Conor O'Neill |
| Distributed by | Shadow Distribution |
| Release date | * 2006 (2006) |
| Running time | 81 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Air Groove

abstract: Air Groove is a Japanese racehorse and the winner of the 1996 Yushun Himba.

text:
# Air Groove

**Air Groove** (in Japanese: エアグルーヴ, foaled April 6th, 1993 ~ April 23rd, 2013) is a Japanese racehorse and the winner of the 1996 Yushun Himba.

## Career

Air Groove's first race was on October 29, 1995, at the Icho Stakes, where she came in first.

She came in 2nd place at the Grade-1 1995 Hopeful Stakes. She started off the 1996 season with a win at the 1996 Tulip Sho in March. She then won the first of his multiple Grade-1 wins by winning the 1996 Yushun Himba.

Her next victory came almost a year later, when she captured the July 1997 Grade-3 Mermaid Stakes. This win sparked a three race win streak that saw her win the 1996 Sapporo Kinen and the 1996 Grade-1 Tenno Sho. She capped off the year with a 2nd place finish at the 1997 Japan Cup and the 3rd place Arima Kinen.

Her 1998 season was also very successful, as she either won or placed on the podium at 6 of her 7 races. She started off the year with a win at the April Ōsaka Hai, and came in 2nd at the June 1998 Naruo Kinen. She came in 3rd at the July 1998 Takarazuka Kinen and got the last win of her career at the August 1998 Sapporo Kinen. Her final race of his career was on December 27, 1998, when she came in 5th at the Arima Kinen.

## Breeding career

Air Groove's descendants include:

*c = colt, f = filly*

| **Foaled** | **Name** | **Sex** | **Major Wins** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | Admire Groove | f | Queen Elizabeth II Cup, Mermaid Stakes, Rose Stakes, Hanshin Himba Stakes, Sapporo Kinen |
| 2006 | Forgettable | c | Stayers Stakes, Diamond Stakes |
| 2007 | Rulership | c | Queen Elizabeth II Cup, Naruo Kinen, Nikkei Shinshun Hai, American Jockey Club Cup, Kinko Sho |
| 2008 | Gullveig | f | Mermaid Stakes |
|

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Air Groove (JPN), 1993
| Sire
Tony Bin (IRE)
b. 1983 | Kampala (GB)
b. 1976 | Kalamoun | Zeddaan |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Khairunissa |
| | State Pension | Only for Life |
| | Lorelei |
| | Severn Bridge (GR)
b. 1965 | Hornbeam | Hyperion |
| | | Thicket |
| | Priddy Fair | Preciptic |
| | Campanette |
| Dam
Dyna Carle (JPN)
b. 1980 | Northern Taste (CAN)
b. 1971 | Northern Dancer | Nearctic |
| | | Natalma |
| | Lady Victoria | Victoria Park |
| | Lady Angela |
| | Shadai Feather (JPN)
b. 1973 | Guersant | Bubbles |
| | | Montagnana |
| | Peroxide | Never Say Die |
| | Feather Ball |

## InfoBox

| Air Groove | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Sire | Tony Bin |
| Grandsire | Kampala |
| Dam | Dyna Carle |
| Damsire | Northern Taste |
| Sex | Mare |
| Foaled | April 6th, 1993 |
| Country | Japan |
| Colour | Bay |
| Breeder | Shadai Farm Hayakita |
| Owner | Satoshi Yoshihara |
| Trainer | Yuji Ito |
| Jockey | Yutaka Take |
| Record | 19:9-5-3 |
| Earnings | ¥821,966,000 |
| Major wins | |
| Yushun Himba (1996)
Tenno Sho (1997)
Sapporo Kinen (1997) | |
| Awards | |
| Japanese Horse of the Year (1997)
JRA Award for Best Older Filly or Mare (1997) | |


title: 1814 in France

abstract: Events from the year 1814 in France.

text:
# 1814 in France

Events from the year **1814 in France**.

## Incumbents

## Events

## Births

### January to March

### April to June

### July to September

### October to December

### Full date unknown

## Deaths

### January to June

### July to December

### Full date unknown

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: | Other events of 1814<br>History of France    Timeline    Years |


title: Apsey Beach

abstract: Apsey Beach is a fishing settlement of the Bay of Islands on the north side of Humber Arm in the St. George District in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.

text:
# Apsey Beach

**Apsey Beach** is a fishing settlement of the Bay of Islands on the north side of Humber Arm in the St. George District in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.

## InfoBox

| Apsey Beach | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Coordinates: 49°02′00″N 58°05′57″W / 49.03333°N 58.09917°W / 49.03333; -58.09917 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Newfoundland and Labrador |
| Time zone | UTC-3:30 (Newfoundland Time) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-2:30 (Newfoundland Daylight) |
| Area code | 709 |


title: Aspri

abstract: Asisten Pribadi, better known by the acronym Aspri, were a team of advisors to Indonesian President Suharto from 1968 until 1974. The group was disbanded in the wake of the Malari incident in January 1974, though all members of the group would remain active as advisors to Suharto, including General Ali Murtopo who was appointed Minister of Information in the Third Development Cabinet in 1978.

text:
# Aspri

**Asisten Pribadi** (English: Personal assistants), better known by the acronym **Aspri**, were a team of advisors to Indonesian President Suharto from 1968 until 1974. The group was disbanded in the wake of the Malari incident in January 1974, though all members of the group would remain active as advisors to Suharto, including General Ali Murtopo who was appointed Minister of Information in the Third Development Cabinet in 1978.

## History

Aspri was the successor team to the previous group of personal staff (*Staf Pribadi*, or Spri) that Suharto had appointed a few years before. The small group of Spri had been formed by Suharto in August 1966 after he had received the Supersemar letter of authority from Sukarno. He appointed the Spri to help him establish the New Order regime in Indonesia. The original team of Spri included six army officers and twelve civilians. In 1968, after Suharto had been appointed President in his own right, he disbanded the Spri and formed Aspri instead, limiting its membership to a small group of army officers. Although their position did not entail formal power, some members of Aspri, notably Ali Murtopo and Sujono Humardhani, became influential figures in their own right.

However over time the Aspri group of advisers became unpopular because the group was seen to be exercising too much influence. Critics of the regime took the opportunity to press for the group to be disbanded in the last months of 1973 and January 1974. Suharto responded to the criticisms by disbanding the Aspri team after the Malari Incident in January 1974. Even so, the individuals who had been members of the team remained close to Suharto and influential within government into the 1980s.

## Members

The members of Aspri were:


title: Eiichi Sakurai

abstract: Eiichi Sakurai was a renowned Japanese photographer and a mechanical engineer. He graduated from Tokyo University Technology Department with a mechanical engineering degree, and soon after was recruited by Takachiho Works Co., Ltd.(predecessor to Olympus Optical Co., Ltd.) in 1935, as a member of the project team who developed their first camera. In 1937, he designed the famed Olympus Standard, a rangefinder camera which was using 127 film format. Later he became Director and Head of the Camera Development Division of Olympus, and personally invited Yoshihisa Maitani to join the company in 1956. He retired of the company as senior executive director in 1974. He is most remembered for his work as an amateur photographer, receiving in 1965 the "Distinguished Contributions Award" from the Photographic Society of Japan for his long career and contributions to Japanese Photography. He also held a successful exhibition at the Art Institute of Chicago where part of his work is presently preserved.

text:
# Eiichi Sakurai

**Eiichi Sakurai** (桜井栄一, *Sakurai Eiichi*, 19091998) was a renowned Japanese photographer and a mechanical engineer. He graduated from Tokyo University Technology Department with a mechanical engineering degree, and soon after was recruited by Takachiho Works Co., Ltd.(predecessor to Olympus Optical Co., Ltd.) in 1935, as a member of the project team who developed their first camera. In 1937, he designed the famed Olympus Standard, a rangefinder camera which was using 127 film format. Later he became Director and Head of the Camera Development Division of Olympus, and personally invited Yoshihisa Maitani to join the company in 1956. He retired of the company as senior executive director in 1974. He is most remembered for his work as an amateur photographer, receiving in 1965 the "Distinguished Contributions Award" from the Photographic Society of Japan for his long career and contributions to Japanese Photography. He also held a successful exhibition at the Art Institute of Chicago (from November 23, 1981, to January 10, 1982) where part of his work is presently preserved.

1. Joining Olympus (28 December 2008). Maitani-Fan.com. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
2. (in Japanese) Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography, editor. *328 Outstanding Japanese Photographers* (日本写真家事典, **Nihon shashinka jiten**). Kyoto: Tankōsha, 2000. ISBN 4-473-01750-8
3. The Photographic Society of Japan Awards.
4. Art Institute of Chicago


title: Anderson Rangers

abstract: The Anderson Rangers was the final name of a minor league baseball team, located in Anderson, South Carolina, in the early 1970s. The club was a member of the Class A Western Carolinas League and played its home games at Anderson Memorial Stadium. The team began in 1970 as the Anderson Senators and were affiliated with the Washington Senators through the 1971 season. In 1972, the team became the Anderson Giants after becoming an affiliate of the San Francisco Giants. However the following season, the club became an affiliate with the Detroit Tigers and changed their name once again to the Anderson Tigers. During their final two season in existence, the club became an affiliate of the New York Mets, as the Anderson Mets and finally the Texas Rangers, as the Anderson Rangers.

text:
# Anderson Rangers

The **Anderson Rangers** was the final name of a minor league baseball team, located in Anderson, South Carolina, in the early 1970s. The club was a member of the Class A Western Carolinas League and played its home games at Anderson Memorial Stadium.

The team began in 1970 as the **Anderson Senators** and were affiliated with the Washington Senators through the 1971 season. In 1972, the team became the **Anderson Giants** after becoming an affiliate of the San Francisco Giants. However the following season, the club became an affiliate with the Detroit Tigers and changed their name once again to the **Anderson Tigers**.

During their final two season in existence, the club became an affiliate of the New York Mets, as the **Anderson Mets** and finally the Texas Rangers, as the Anderson Rangers.

## Year-by-year record

| Year | Record | Finish | Manager | Playoffs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1970 | 61-69 | 5th | Frank Gable | none |
| 1971 | 55-66 | 4th | Frank Gable / Bill Haywood | none |
| 1972 | 51-81 | 6th | Max Lanier |  |
| 1973 | 54-73 | 5th | Len Okrie |  |
| 1974 | 61-72 | 5th | Owen Friend | none |
| 1975 | 67-70 | 2nd | Rich Donnelly | none |

## Notable Anderson alumni

## InfoBox

| Anderson Rangers | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Minor league affiliations | |
| Previous classes | * Class A |
| Previous leagues | Western Carolinas League |
| Major league affiliations | |
| Previous teams |  |
| Minor league titles | |
| League titles (0) | None |
| Team data | |
| Previous names | * Anderson Rangers (1975) * Anderson Mets (1974) * Anderson Tigers (1973) * Anderson Giants (1972) * Anderson Senators (1970-1971) |
| Previous parks |  |


title: Alan Marcus

abstract: Alan J. Marcus is an American economist, and the first recipient of the Mario J. Gabelli Endowed Professorship at the Carroll School of Management at Boston College, where he currently teaches. He is an author of several textbooks widely used in finance and MBA programs internationally, including Fundamentals of Corporate Finance with Stewart Myers and Richard A. Brealey. Marcus serves on the advisory board of the CFA Institute.

text:
# Alan Marcus

**Alan J. Marcus** is an American economist, and the first recipient of the Mario J. Gabelli Endowed Professorship at the Carroll School of Management at Boston College, where he currently teaches. He is an author of several textbooks widely used in finance and MBA programs internationally, including *Fundamentals of Corporate Finance* with Stewart Myers and Richard A. Brealey. Marcus serves on the advisory board of the CFA Institute.

## Education and background

Marcus graduated with high honors, summa cum laude, and Phi Beta Kappa, from Wesleyan University, in 1976. He received his PhD in economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1981. He also served as a Research Fellow at the National Bureau of Economic Research, working with Pension, Monetary Economics, and Financial Markets groups.

### Academic appointments

## Bibliography

Marcus has co-authored textbooks and his work has been published in the area of capital markets and portfolio theory. Some of his works are listed below.

### Books

* *Essentials of Investments*, ninth edition, 2013 (with Alex Kane and Zvi Bodie)
* *Fundamentals of Corporate Finance,* seventh edition, 2012 (with A. Kane and Z.Bodie)
* *Investments,* ninth edition, 2011 (with A. Kane and Z. Bodie)

### Journal articles

* “Relative Sentiment and Stock Returns,” *Financial Analysts Journal*, 66 (July/August 2010), with Roger M. Edelen and Hassan Tehranian.
* “Opaque Financial Reports, R-square, and Crash Risk,” *Journal of Financial Economics*, 94 (October 2009), with Amy Hutton and Hassan Tehranian, 67-86.
* “Corporate Governance and Pay-for-Performance: The Impact of Earnings Management,” *Journal of Financial Economics*, 87 (February 2008), 357-373, with Marcia Cornett and Hassan Tehranian.
* “The Impact of Institutional Ownership on Corporate Operating Performance,” *Journal of Banking and Finance*, 31 (June 2007), 1771-1794, with Marcia Cornett, Anthony Saunders, and Hassan Tehranian.
* “Optimal Estimation of the Risk Premium for the Long Run and Asset Allocation: A Case of Compounded Estimation Risk,” *Journal of Financial Econometrics*, 3 (2005), 37-55, with Eric Jacquier and Alex Kane.
*

## InfoBox

| Alan J. Marcus | |
| --- | --- |
| Education | Wesleyan University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| Occupation(s) | Economist, Author, Professor |
| Employer(s) | Professor at the Carroll School of Management, Boston College |


title: Elaine Richardson (writer)

abstract: Elaine B. Richardson, professionally known as Dr. E, is a professor of Literacy Studies, Department of Teaching and Learning at Ohio State University who is also known as an author, lecturer, performer, and singer and songwriter.

text:
# Elaine Richardson (writer)

**Elaine B. Richardson**, professionally known as **Dr. E**, is a professor of Literacy Studies, Department of Teaching and Learning at Ohio State University who is also known as an author, lecturer, performer, and singer and songwriter.

## Early life and education

Born in Cleveland, OH in 1960, Richardson became a victim of sex trafficking as a teenager. With the help of her family and educational mentors, she left that life behind in her early 20s and proceeded to earn her bachelor's and master's degrees in English Studies from Cleveland State University (1987-1993) and her PhD in English and Applied Linguistics from Michigan State University (1996). The details of her life are chronicled in her 2013 book *PHD to PhD: How Education Saved My Life*.

## Career

Richardson's research interests include the liberation and critical literacy education of people of the Black African diaspora. Her books include *African American Literacies* (2003, Routledge), focusing on teaching writing from the point of view of African American language and literacy traditions; *Hiphop Literacies* (2006 Routledge) is a study of hiphop language use as an extension of Black folk traditions. She has also co-edited two volumes on African American rhetorical theory, *Understanding African American Rhetoric: Classical Origins to Contemporary Innovations* (2003, Routledge) and *African American Rhetoric(s): Interdisciplinary Perspectives* (2004, Southern Illinois University Press), and *Home Girls Make Some Noise: Hip Hop Feminist Anthology* (2007, Parker Publishing).

In 2004, she was Fulbright lecturer/researcher in the Department of Literature in English at the University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica.

Richardson's professional memberships include the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE), the Conference on College Composition and Communication (CCCC), as well as Committee of Linguists of African Descent (CLAD). She is also the founder of the annual Hiphop Literacies Conference, the purpose of which is to bring together scholars, educators, activists, students, artists, and community members to dialogue on pressing social problems.

As a performer, Richardson has taken her one-woman show based on *PHD to PhD* to universities throughout the United States including Marquette University, Syracuse University, Missouri State University, and many other institutions of higher learning and community organizations.

As a singer and songwriter, Richardson has recorded two full-length albums on her independent label Give Us Free Records: *Elevated* in 2010, and *Songs for the Struggle* (2017). Songs she has written have been featured on television shows including *Star* on the Fox network and *Next* and *Undressed* on MTV. Richardson has also performed her music at venues and festivals throughout the United States including the Springfield Jazz Festival, Lansing JazzFest, Penn State University's Alumni Hall and the August Wilson Center for African American Culture.

## Selected publications

* Richardson, E. (2004). Coming from the heart: African American students, literacy stories, and rhetorical education. In E. B. Richardson & R. L. Jackson II (Eds.), *African American rhetoric(s): Interdisciplinary perspectives* (pp. 155–69). Southern Illinois University Press.
* Richardson, Elaine and Alice Ragland. “#StayWoke: The Language and Literacies of the #BlackLivesMatter Movement.” Community Literacy Journal, vol. 12, no. 2, 2018, pp. 27-56.


title: Egira crucialis

abstract: Egira crucialis is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Egira crucialis is 10508.

text:
# Egira crucialis

***Egira crucialis*** is a species of cutworm or dart moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found in North America.

The MONA or Hodges number for *Egira crucialis* is 10508.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Egira crucialis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Tribe: | Orthosiini |
| Genus: | *Egira* |
| Species: | ***E. crucialis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Egira crucialis***<br>(Harvey, 1875) | |
|


title: 1953 Tour de Hongrie

abstract: The 1953 Tour de Hongrie was the 15th edition of the Tour de Hongrie cycle race and was held from 6 to 10 September 1953. The race started and finished in Budapest. The race was won by József Kis-Dala.

text:
# 1953 Tour de Hongrie

The **1953 Tour de Hongrie** was the 15th edition of the Tour de Hongrie cycle race and was held from 6 to 10 September 1953. The race started and finished in Budapest. The race was won by József Kis-Dala.

## Route

Stages of the 1953 Tour de Hongrie
| Stage | Date | Route | Distance | Winner |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 6 September | Budapest to Szombathely | 225 km (140 mi) | Zoltán Sipos (HUN) |
| 2 | 7 September | Szombathely to Keszthely | 133 km (83 mi) | Béla Bartusek (HUN) |
| 3 | 8 September | Keszthely to Keszthely | 199 km (124 mi) | Béla Bartusek (HUN) |
| 4 | 9 September | Keszthely to Pécs | 168 km (104 mi) | Béla Bartusek (HUN) |
| 5 | 10 September | Pécs to Budapest | 196 km (122 mi) | László Simó (HUN) |
| **Total** | | | **921 km (572 mi)** | |

## General classification

| **Final general classification**  Rank Rider Team Time  1  József Kis-Dala (HUN) Dózsa 26h 40' 41"  2  Béla Bartusek (HUN) Honvéd \+ 9' 26"  3  Márton Bencze (HUN) Vörös Lobogó \+ 11' 36" |
| --- |

## InfoBox

1953 Tour de Hongrie
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 6–10 September |
| Stages | 5 |
| Distance | 921 km (572.3 mi) |
| Winning time | 26h 40' 41" |
| Results | |
| Winner  József Kis-Dala (HUN)  Second  Béla Bartusek (HUN)  Third  Márton Bencze (HUN)   ---  Team Dózsa I. | |
|


title: 2002 Chevrolet Monte Carlo 400

abstract: The 2002 Chevrolet Monte Carlo 400 with The Looney Tunes was the 26th stock car race of the 2002 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 45th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, September 7, 2002, in Richmond, Virginia, at Richmond International Raceway, a 0.75 miles (1.21 km) D-shaped oval. The race took the scheduled 400 laps to complete. At race's end, Matt Kenseth, driving for Roush Racing, would come back from a two-lap deficit to win his fifth career NASCAR Winston Cup Series win and his fourth of the season. To fill out the podium, Ryan Newman of Penske Racing and Jeff Green of Richard Childress Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

text:
# 2002 Chevrolet Monte Carlo 400

The **2002 Chevrolet Monte Carlo 400 with The Looney Tunes** was the 26th stock car race of the 2002 NASCAR Winston Cup Series and the 45th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, September 7, 2002, in Richmond, Virginia, at Richmond International Raceway, a 0.75 miles (1.21 km) D-shaped oval. The race took the scheduled 400 laps to complete. At race's end, Matt Kenseth, driving for Roush Racing, would come back from a two-lap deficit to win his fifth career NASCAR Winston Cup Series win and his fourth of the season. To fill out the podium, Ryan Newman of Penske Racing and Jeff Green of Richard Childress Racing would finish second and third, respectively.

## Background

**Richmond International Raceway** (RIR) is a 3/4-mile (1.2 km), *D*-shaped, asphalt race track located just outside Richmond, Virginia in Henrico County. It hosts the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series and Xfinity Series. Known as "America's premier short track", it formerly hosted a NASCAR Camping World Truck Series race, an IndyCar Series race, and two USAC sprint car races.

### Entry list

* **(R)** denotes rookie driver.

| # | Driver | Team | Make | Sponsor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Steve Park | Dale Earnhardt, Inc. | Chevrolet | Pennzoil |
| 2 | Rusty Wallace | Penske Racing | Ford | Miller Lite |
| 02 | Hermie Sadler | SCORE Motorsports | Chevrolet | Virginia Lottery |
| 4 | Mike Skinner | Morgan–McClure Motorsports | Chevrolet | Kodak, Yosemite Sam |
| 5 | Terry Labonte | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | Kellogg's, The Road-Runner |
| 6 | Mark Martin | Roush Racing | Ford | Viagra |
| 7 | Casey Atwood | Ultra-Evernham Motorsports | Dodge | Sirius Satellite Radio |
| 8 | Dale Earnhardt Jr. | Dale Earnhardt, Inc. | Chevrolet | Budweiser |
| 9 | Bill Elliott | Evernham Motorsports | Dodge | Dodge |
| 09 | Geoff Bodine | Phoenix Racing | Ford | Miccosukee Resort & Gaming |
| 10 | Johnny Benson Jr. | MBV Motorsports | Pontiac | Valvoline |
| 11 | Brett Bodine | Brett Bodine Racing | Ford | Hooters |
| 12 | Ryan Newman **(R)** | Penske Racing | Ford | Alltel |
| 14 | Mike Wallace | A. J. Foyt Enterprises | Pontiac | Conseco |
| 15 | Michael Waltrip | Dale Earnhardt, Inc. | Chevrolet | NAPA Auto Parts |
| 17 | Matt Kenseth | Roush Racing | Ford | DeWalt |
| 18 | Bobby Labonte | Joe Gibbs Racing | Pontiac | Interstate Batteries |
| 19 | Jeremy Mayfield | Evernham Motorsports | Dodge | Dodge |
| 20 | Tony Stewart | Joe Gibbs Racing | Pontiac | The Home Depot |
| 21 | Elliott Sadler | Wood Brothers Racing | Ford | Motorcraft |
| 22 | Ward Burton | Bill Davis Racing | Dodge | Caterpillar Dealers |
| 23 | Hut Stricklin | Bill Davis Racing | Dodge | Hills Bros. Coffee |
| 24 | Jeff Gordon | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | DuPont, Bugs Bunny |
| 25 | Joe Nemechek | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | UAW, Delphi, Speedy Gonzales |
| 26 | Todd Bodine | Haas-Carter Motorsports | Ford | Discover Card |
| 28 | Ricky Rudd | Robert Yates Racing | Ford | Texaco, Havoline |
| 29 | Kevin Harvick | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | GM Goodwrench, Tasmanian Devil |
| 30 | Jeff Green | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | America Online, Daffy Duck |
| 31 | Robby Gordon | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | Cingular Wireless, Pepé Le Pew |
| 32 | Ricky Craven | PPI Motorsports | Ford | Tide |
| 36 | Ken Schrader | MB2 Motorsports | Pontiac | M&M's |
| 40 | Sterling Marlin | Chip Ganassi Racing | Dodge | Coors Light |
| 41 | Jimmy Spencer | Chip Ganassi Racing | Dodge | Target |
| 43 | John Andretti | Petty Enterprises | Dodge | Cheerios |
| 44 | Jerry Nadeau | Petty Enterprises | Dodge | Georgia-Pacific Brawny |
| 45 | Kyle Petty | Petty Enterprises | Dodge | Sprint |
| 48 | Jimmie Johnson **(R)** | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | Lowe's, Tweety and Sylvester the Cat |
| 51 | Carl Long **(R)** | Ware Racing Enterprises | Dodge | Revival Soy |
| 55 | Greg Biffle | Andy Petree Racing | Chevrolet | Square D, Marvin the Martian |
| 71 | Tim Sauter | Marcis Auto Racing | Chevrolet | Wehr's Chevrolet, George and Sons |
| 77 | Dave Blaney | Jasper Motorsports | Ford | Jasper Engines & Transmissions |
| 88 | Dale Jarrett | Robert Yates Racing | Ford | UPS |
| 97 | Kurt Busch | Roush Racing | Ford | Rubbermaid, Sharpie |
| 99 | Jeff Burton | Roush Racing | Ford | Citgo |
| Official entry list | | | | |

## Practice

### First practice

The first practice session was held on Friday, September 6, at 11:20 AM EST, and lasted for 2 hours. Ryan Newman of Penske Racing would set the fastest time in the session, with a lap of 21.279 and an average speed of 126.886 miles per hour (204.203 km/h).

| Pos. | # | Driver | Team | Make | Time | Speed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 12 | Ryan Newman **(R)** | Penske Racing | Ford | 21.279 | 126.886 |
| 2 | 30 | Jeff Green | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 21.287 | 126.838 |
| 3 | 20 | Tony Stewart | Joe Gibbs Racing | Pontiac | 21.292 | 126.808 |
| Full first practice results | | | | | | |

### Second practice

The second practice session was held on Friday, September 6, at 4:45 PM EST, and lasted for 45 minutes. Jeff Green of Richard Childress Racing would set the fastest time in the session, with a lap of 21.577 and an average speed of 125.133 miles per hour (201.382 km/h).

| Pos. | # | Driver | Team | Make | Time | Speed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 30 | Jeff Green | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 21.577 | 125.133 |
| 2 | 6 | Mark Martin | Roush Racing | Ford | 21.634 | 124.803 |
| 3 | 48 | Jimmie Johnson **(R)** | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 21.645 | 124.740 |
| Full second practice results | | | | | | |

### Third and final practice

The third and final practice session, sometimes referred to as Happy Hour, was held on Friday, September 6, at 6:15 PM EST, and lasted for 45 minutes. Rusty Wallace of Penske Racing would set the fastest time in the session, with a lap of 21.590 and an average speed of 125.058 miles per hour (201.261 km/h).

During the session, Jeff Gordon would careen his car into the outside wall in Turn 2, causing substantial damage to his car and forcing Gordon to use a backup. The special Bugs Bunny scheme that was planned to run was instead replaced by Gordon's regular "Flames" scheme, with Gordon saying "We're going to go with the flames. \[My firesuit\] is about all that is left of Bugs for the day."

| Pos. | # | Driver | Team | Make | Time | Speed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2 | Rusty Wallace | Penske Racing | Ford | 21.590 | 125.058 |
| 2 | 30 | Jeff Green | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 21.618 | 124.896 |
| 3 | 55 | Greg Biffle | Andy Petree Racing | Chevrolet | 21.619 | 124.890 |
| Full Happy Hour practice results | | | | | | |

## Qualifying

Qualifying was held on Friday, September 6, at 3:05 PM EST. Each driver would have two laps to set a fastest time; the fastest of the two would count as their official qualifying lap. Positions 1-36 would be decided on time, while positions 37-43 would be based on provisionals. Six spots are awarded by the use of provisionals based on owner's points. The seventh is awarded to a past champion who has not otherwise qualified for the race. If no past champion needs the provisional, the next team in the owner points will be awarded a provisional.

Jimmie Johnson of Hendrick Motorsports would win the pole, setting a time of 21.404 and an average speed of 126.145 miles per hour (203.011 km/h).

Carl Long was the only driver to fail to qualify.

### Full qualifying results

| Pos. | # | Driver | Team | Make | Time | Speed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 48 | Jimmie Johnson **(R)** | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | **21.404** | **126.145** |
| 2 | 12 | Ryan Newman **(R)** | Penske Racing | Ford | 21.474 | 125.733 |
| 3 | 77 | Dave Blaney | Jasper Motorsports | Ford | 21.474 | 125.733 |
| 4 | 6 | Mark Martin | Roush Racing | Ford | 21.476 | 125.722 |
| 5 | 5 | Terry Labonte | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 21.479 | 125.704 |
| 6 | 28 | Ricky Rudd | Robert Yates Racing | Ford | 21.496 | 125.605 |
| 7 | 26 | Todd Bodine | Haas-Carter Motorsports | Ford | 21.501 | 125.576 |
| 8 | 4 | Mike Skinner | Morgan–McClure Motorsports | Chevrolet | 21.505 | 125.552 |
| 9 | 10 | Johnny Benson Jr. | MBV Motorsports | Pontiac | 21.506 | 125.546 |
| 10 | 24 | Jeff Gordon | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 21.507 | 125.540 |
| 11 | 31 | Robby Gordon | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 21.510 | 125.523 |
| 12 | 88 | Dale Jarrett | Robert Yates Racing | Ford | 21.514 | 125.500 |
| 13 | 22 | Ward Burton | Bill Davis Racing | Dodge | 21.517 | 125.482 |
| 14 | 20 | Tony Stewart | Joe Gibbs Racing | Pontiac | 21.530 | 125.406 |
| 15 | 99 | Jeff Burton | Roush Racing | Ford | 21.538 | 125.360 |
| 16 | 36 | Ken Schrader | MB2 Motorsports | Pontiac | 21.547 | 125.308 |
| 17 | 44 | Jerry Nadeau | Petty Enterprises | Dodge | 21.565 | 125.203 |
| 18 | 18 | Bobby Labonte | Joe Gibbs Racing | Pontiac | 21.571 | 125.168 |
| 19 | 9 | Bill Elliott | Evernham Motorsports | Dodge | 21.577 | 125.133 |
| 20 | 32 | Ricky Craven | PPI Motorsports | Ford | 21.577 | 125.133 |
| 21 | 19 | Jeremy Mayfield | Evernham Motorsports | Dodge | 21.611 | 124.936 |
| 22 | 97 | Kurt Busch | Roush Racing | Ford | 21.622 | 124.873 |
| 23 | 2 | Rusty Wallace | Penske Racing | Ford | 21.655 | 124.683 |
| 24 | 8 | Dale Earnhardt Jr. | Dale Earnhardt, Inc. | Chevrolet | 21.657 | 124.671 |
| 25 | 17 | Matt Kenseth | Roush Racing | Ford | 21.677 | 124.556 |
| 26 | 15 | Michael Waltrip | Dale Earnhardt, Inc. | Chevrolet | 21.685 | 124.510 |
| 27 | 29 | Kevin Harvick | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 21.686 | 124.504 |
| 28 | 25 | Joe Nemechek | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 21.690 | 124.481 |
| 29 | 30 | Jeff Green | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 21.698 | 124.435 |
| 30 | 41 | Jimmy Spencer | Chip Ganassi Racing | Dodge | 21.707 | 124.384 |
| 31 | 43 | John Andretti | Petty Enterprises | Dodge | 21.708 | 124.378 |
| 32 | 40 | Sterling Marlin | Chip Ganassi Racing | Dodge | 21.709 | 124.372 |
| 33 | 23 | Kenny Wallace | Bill Davis Racing | Dodge | 21.716 | 124.332 |
| 34 | 7 | Casey Atwood | Ultra-Evernham Motorsports | Dodge | 21.723 | 124.292 |
| 35 | 21 | Elliott Sadler | Wood Brothers Racing | Ford | 21.724 | 124.286 |
| 36 | 45 | Kyle Petty | Petty Enterprises | Dodge | 21.739 | 124.201 |
| Provisionals | | | | | | |
| 37 | 55 | Greg Biffle | Andy Petree Racing | Chevrolet | 21.761 | 124.075 |
| 38 | 1 | Steve Park | Dale Earnhardt, Inc. | Chevrolet | 21.772 | 124.012 |
| 39 | 14 | Mike Wallace | A. J. Foyt Enterprises | Pontiac | 21.865 | 123.485 |
| 40 | 11 | Brett Bodine | Brett Bodine Racing | Ford | 21.740 | 124.195 |
| 41 | 09 | Geoff Bodine | Phoenix Racing | Ford | 21.748 | 124.149 |
| 42 | 71 | Tim Sauter | Marcis Auto Racing | Chevrolet | 22.028 | 122.571 |
| 43 | 02 | Hermie Sadler | SCORE Motorsports | Chevrolet | 22.283 | 121.169 |
| Failed to qualify | | | | | | |
| 44 | 51 | Carl Long **(R)** | Ware Racing Enterprises | Dodge | 21.836 | 123.649 |
| Official qualifying results | | | | | | |

## Race results

| Fin | St | # | Driver | Team | Make | Laps | Led | Status | Pts | Winnings |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 25 | 17 | Matt Kenseth | Roush Racing | Ford | 400 | 134 | running | 180 | $163,595 |
| 2 | 2 | 12 | Ryan Newman **(R)** | Penske Racing | Ford | 400 | 145 | running | 180 | $127,340 |
| 3 | 29 | 30 | Jeff Green | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 400 | 2 | running | 145 | $80,930 |
| 4 | 24 | 8 | Dale Earnhardt Jr. | Dale Earnhardt, Inc. | Chevrolet | 400 | 0 | running | 160 | $87,205 |
| 5 | 7 | 26 | Todd Bodine | Haas-Carter Motorsports | Ford | 400 | 0 | running | 155 | $92,142 |
| 6 | 4 | 6 | Mark Martin | Roush Racing | Ford | 400 | 0 | running | 150 | $87,288 |
| 7 | 6 | 28 | Ricky Rudd | Robert Yates Racing | Ford | 400 | 0 | running | 146 | $92,222 |
| 8 | 13 | 22 | Ward Burton | Bill Davis Racing | Dodge | 399 | 16 | running | 147 | $89,855 |
| 9 | 3 | 77 | Dave Blaney | Jasper Motorsports | Ford | 399 | 0 | running | 138 | $72,655 |
| 10 | 21 | 19 | Jeremy Mayfield | Evernham Motorsports | Dodge | 399 | 0 | running | 134 | $60,755 |
| 11 | 38 | 1 | Steve Park | Dale Earnhardt, Inc. | Chevrolet | 399 | 31 | running | 135 | $79,230 |
| 12 | 39 | 14 | Mike Wallace | A. J. Foyt Enterprises | Pontiac | 399 | 1 | running | 132 | $52,940 |
| 13 | 1 | 48 | Jimmie Johnson **(R)** | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 399 | 1 | running | 129 | $52,380 |
| 14 | 33 | 23 | Kenny Wallace | Bill Davis Racing | Dodge | 399 | 3 | running | 126 | $47,080 |
| 15 | 23 | 2 | Rusty Wallace | Penske Racing | Ford | 399 | 0 | running | 118 | $87,755 |
| 16 | 19 | 9 | Bill Elliott | Evernham Motorsports | Dodge | 399 | 0 | running | 115 | $74,211 |
| 17 | 36 | 45 | Kyle Petty | Petty Enterprises | Dodge | 399 | 0 | running | 112 | $47,855 |
| 18 | 27 | 29 | Kevin Harvick | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 399 | 0 | running | 109 | $88,283 |
| 19 | 22 | 97 | Kurt Busch | Roush Racing | Ford | 398 | 0 | running | 106 | $53,780 |
| 20 | 40 | 11 | Brett Bodine | Brett Bodine Racing | Ford | 398 | 0 | running | 103 | $61,680 |
| 21 | 20 | 32 | Ricky Craven | PPI Motorsports | Ford | 398 | 0 | running | 100 | $52,805 |
| 22 | 8 | 4 | Mike Skinner | Morgan–McClure Motorsports | Chevrolet | 398 | 0 | running | 97 | $55,080 |
| 23 | 43 | 02 | Hermie Sadler | SCORE Motorsports | Chevrolet | 398 | 0 | running | 94 | $41,305 |
| 24 | 34 | 7 | Casey Atwood | Ultra-Evernham Motorsports | Dodge | 397 | 0 | running | 91 | $52,544 |
| 25 | 28 | 25 | Joe Nemechek | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 397 | 0 | running | 88 | $52,005 |
| 26 | 16 | 36 | Ken Schrader | MB2 Motorsports | Pontiac | 397 | 0 | running | 85 | $51,780 |
| 27 | 17 | 44 | Jerry Nadeau | Petty Enterprises | Dodge | 397 | 0 | running | 82 | $40,755 |
| 28 | 11 | 31 | Robby Gordon | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 397 | 0 | running | 79 | $66,686 |
| 29 | 31 | 43 | John Andretti | Petty Enterprises | Dodge | 397 | 0 | running | 76 | $67,593 |
| 30 | 14 | 20 | Tony Stewart | Joe Gibbs Racing | Pontiac | 396 | 34 | driveshaft | 78 | $88,478 |
| 31 | 12 | 88 | Dale Jarrett | Robert Yates Racing | Ford | 392 | 0 | running | 70 | $60,365 |
| 32 | 18 | 18 | Bobby Labonte | Joe Gibbs Racing | Pontiac | 371 | 0 | running | 67 | $86,108 |
| 33 | 37 | 55 | Greg Biffle | Andy Petree Racing | Chevrolet | 334 | 12 | running | 69 | $48,295 |
| 34 | 35 | 21 | Elliott Sadler | Wood Brothers Racing | Ford | 317 | 0 | running | 61 | $48,235 |
| 35 | 9 | 10 | Johnny Benson Jr. | MBV Motorsports | Pontiac | 251 | 0 | crash | 58 | $66,950 |
| 36 | 26 | 15 | Michael Waltrip | Dale Earnhardt, Inc. | Chevrolet | 217 | 21 | crash | 60 | $48,165 |
| 37 | 42 | 71 | Tim Sauter | Marcis Auto Racing | Chevrolet | 215 | 0 | engine | 52 | $40,130 |
| 38 | 41 | 09 | Geoff Bodine | Phoenix Racing | Ford | 116 | 0 | engine | 49 | $40,095 |
| 39 | 15 | 99 | Jeff Burton | Roush Racing | Ford | 107 | 0 | running | 46 | $84,702 |
| 40 | 10 | 24 | Jeff Gordon | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 84 | 0 | engine | 43 | $92,953 |
| 41 | 5 | 5 | Terry Labonte | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 15 | 0 | crash | 40 | $68,763 |
| 42 | 30 | 41 | Jimmy Spencer | Chip Ganassi Racing | Dodge | 8 | 0 | crash | 37 | $39,880 |
| 43 | 32 | 40 | Sterling Marlin | Chip Ganassi Racing | Dodge | 8 | 0 | crash | 34 | $82,429 |
| Failed to qualify | | | | | | | | | | |
| 44 |  | 51 | Carl Long **(R)** | Ware Racing Enterprises | Dodge |  | | | | |
| Official race results | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

2002 Chevrolet Monte Carlo 400 with The Looney Tunes
| Race details | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Race 26 of 36 in the 2002 NASCAR Winston Cup Series | | | |
| The 2002 Chevrolet Monte Carlo 400 program cover, featuring several Looney Tunes sponsored cars. | | | |
| Date | September 7, 2002 | | |
| Official name | 45th Annual Chevrolet Monte Carlo 400 with The Looney Tunes | | |
| Location | Richmond, Virginia, Richmond International Raceway | | |
| Course | Permanent racing facility<br>0.75 mi (1.21 km) | | |
| Distance | 400 laps, 300 mi (482.803 km) | | |
| Scheduled Distance | 400 laps, 300 mi (482.803 km) | | |
| Average speed | 94.787 miles per hour (152.545 km/h) | | |
| Pole position | | | |
| Driver |  | Hendrick Motorsports |
| Time | 21.404 | | |
| Most laps led | | | |
| Driver | Ryan Newman | Penske Racing |
| Laps | 145 | | |
| Winner | | | |
| No. 17 | Matt Kenseth | Roush Racing |
| Television in the United States | | | |
| Network | TNT | | |
| Announcers | Allen Bestwick, Benny Parsons, Wally Dallenbach Jr. | | |
| Radio in the United States | | | |
| Radio | Motor Racing Network | | |


title: 1952 U.S. Open (golf)

abstract: The 1952 U.S. Open was the 52nd U.S. Open, held June 12–14 at Northwood Club in Dallas, Texas. Julius Boros captured the first of his three major titles, four strokes ahead of runner-up Ed Oliver. Two-time defending champion Ben Hogan, raised in nearby Fort Worth, attempted to become the second to win three consecutive U.S. Opens, and with two rounds of 69 he had the 36-hole lead, two strokes ahead of George Fazio. But consecutive rounds of 74 in the Saturday heat dropped Hogan back to third place, five strokes behind. Boros carded a third-round 68 to take a two-stroke lead, then shot a 71 for a 281 total and waited in the clubhouse to see if anyone would catch him, but none did. The closest was Oliver with a 72 to finish at 285, four behind Boros. Temperatures reached 98 °F (37 °C) under sunny skies on Saturday, with a gallery estimated at 15,000. Hogan was admittedly affected by the heat, and his final round included an out-of-bounds approach shot on the dogleg par-4 sixth hole and numerous three-putts. Boros successfully scrambled during both rounds on Saturday, chipping close and making lengthy putts. Hogan told Boros he was "a magician." It was Boros' first win on the PGA Tour at the age of 32; just three years earlier he reached the quarterfinals of the U.S. Amateur. Boros won 17 more times as a professional, including a second U.S. Open in 1963. Five years later he won the PGA Championship in 1968 at age 48, the oldest ever to win a major championship until surpassed by Phil Mickelson in 2021. Hogan regained the title in 1953 for four U.S. Open wins in five attempts. Through 2015, Willie Anderson remains the only winner of three consecutive U.S. Opens, with titles in 1903, 1904, and 1905. The only repeat winners since 1951 are Curtis Strange in 1989 and Brooks Koepka in 2018. The PGA Championship in 1952 was played the following week in Louisville, Kentucky. Boros was not eligible as he had been a pro less than five years, but received a special invitation from the PGA of America. He withdrew before his start time of the stroke-play qualifier on Wednesday after dissension from other players. Boros' wife had died the previous September during the birth of their only child, son Jay.

text:
# 1952 U.S. Open (golf)

Northwood Clubclass=notpageimage|Location in the United States

The **1952 U.S. Open** was the 52nd U.S. Open, held June 12–14 at Northwood Club in Dallas, Texas. Julius Boros captured the first of his three major titles, four strokes ahead of runner-up Ed Oliver.

Two-time defending champion Ben Hogan, raised in nearby Fort Worth, attempted to become the second to win three consecutive U.S. Opens, and with two rounds of 69 he had the 36-hole lead, two strokes ahead of George Fazio. But consecutive rounds of 74 in the Saturday heat dropped Hogan back to third place, five strokes behind. Boros carded a third-round 68 to take a two-stroke lead, then shot a 71 for a 281 total and waited in the clubhouse to see if anyone would catch him, but none did. The closest was Oliver with a 72 to finish at 285, four behind Boros. Temperatures reached 98 °F (37 °C) under sunny skies on Saturday, with a gallery estimated at 15,000.

Hogan was admittedly affected by the heat, and his final round included an out-of-bounds approach shot on the dogleg par-4 sixth hole and numerous three-putts. Boros successfully scrambled during both rounds on Saturday, chipping close and making lengthy putts. Hogan told Boros he was "a magician."

It was Boros' first win on the PGA Tour at the age of 32; just three years earlier he reached the quarterfinals of the U.S. Amateur. Boros won 17 more times as a professional, including a second U.S. Open in 1963. Five years later he won the PGA Championship in 1968 at age 48, the oldest ever to win a major championship until surpassed by Phil Mickelson in 2021.

Hogan regained the title in 1953 for four U.S. Open wins in five attempts (he won his first in 1948 and did not enter in 1949 due to a near-fatal automobile accident). Through 2015, Willie Anderson remains the only winner of three consecutive U.S. Opens, with titles in 1903, 1904, and 1905. The only repeat winners since 1951 are Curtis Strange in 1989 and Brooks Koepka in 2018.

The PGA Championship in 1952 was played the following week in Louisville, Kentucky. Boros was not eligible as he had been a pro less than five years, but received a special invitation from the PGA of America. He withdrew before his start time of the stroke-play qualifier on Wednesday after dissension from other players.

Boros' wife had died the previous September during the birth of their only child, son Jay.

## Round summaries

### First round

*Thursday, June 12, 1952*

| Place | Player | Score | To par |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Al Brosch | 68 | −2 |
| 2 | Ben Hogan | 69 | −1 |
| T3 | Sam Snead | 70 | E |
| | Dick Metz | | |
| | Horton Smith | | |
| T6 | Charlie Bassler | 71 | +1 |
| | Julius Boros | | |
| | Clarence Doser | | |
| | Zell Eaton | | |
| | Charles Farlow | | |
| | George Fazio | | |
| | Dutch Harrison | | |
| | Ted Kroll | | |
| | Stanton Mosel | | |
| | Ed Oliver | | |
| | Harry Todd | | |

### Second round

*Friday, June 13, 1952*

| Place | Player | Score | To par |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ben Hogan | 69-69=138 | −2 |
| 2 | George Fazio | 71-69=140 | E |
| 3 | Johnny Bulla | 73-68=141 | +1 |
| 4 | Julius Boros | 71-71=142 | +2 |
| T5 | Ed Oliver | 71-72=143 | +3 |
| | Horton Smith | 70-73=143 | |
| | Lew Worsham | 72-71=143 | |
| T8 | Clarence Doser | 71-73=144 | +4 |
| | Dick Metz | 70-74=144 | |
| T10 | Charles Scally | 72-73=145 | +5 |
| | Sam Snead | 70-75=145 | |
| | Bill Trombley | 72-73=145 | |

Source:

### Third round

*Saturday, June 14, 1952 (morning)*

| Place | Player | Score | To par |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Julius Boros | 71-71-68=210 | E |
| 2 | Ben Hogan | 69-69-74=212 | +2 |
| 3 | Ed Oliver | 71-72-70=213 | +3 |
| 4 | Johnny Bulla | 73-68-73=214 | +4 |
| 5 | George Fazio | 71-69-75=215 | +5 |
| T6 | Clarence Doser | 71-73-73=217 | +7 |
| | Lew Worsham | 72-71-74=217 | |
| T8 | Tommy Bolt | 72-76-71=219 | +9 |
| | Horton Smith | 70-73-76=219 | |
| | Bo Wininger | 78-72-69=219 | |

### Final round

*Saturday, June 14, 1952 (afternoon)*

| Place | Player | Score | To par | Money () |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Julius Boros** | 71-71-68-71=281 | +1 | 4,000 |
| 2 | Ed Oliver | 71-72-70-72=285 | +5 | 2,500 |
| 3 | Ben Hogan | 69-69-74-74=286 | +6 | 1,000 |
| 4 | Johnny Bulla | 73-68-73-73=287 | +7 | 800 |
| 5 | George Fazio | 71-69-75-75=290 | +10 | 600 |
| 6 | Dick Metz | 70-74-76-71=291 | +11 | 500 |
| T7 | Tommy Bolt | 72-76-71-73=292 | +12 | 350 |
| | Ted Kroll | 71-75-76-70=292 | | |
| | Lew Worsham | 72-71-74-75=292 | | |
| T10 | Lloyd Mangrum | 75-74-72-72=293 | +13 | 200 |
| | Sam Snead | 70-75-76-72=293 | | |
| | Earl Stewart | 76-75-70-72=293 | | |

Source:

32°55′55″N 96°47′33″W / 32.932°N 96.7925°W / 32.932; -96.7925

## InfoBox

1952 U.S. Open
| Tournament information | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | June 12–14, 1952 |
| Location | Dallas, Texas |
| Course(s) | Northwood Club |
| Organized by | USGA |
| Tour(s) | PGA Tour |
| Statistics | |
| Par | 70 |
| Length | 6,764 yards (6,185 m) |
| Field | 142 players, 53 after cut |
| Cut | 151 (+11) |
| Winner's share | 4,000 |
| Champion | |
| Julius Boros | |
| 281 (+1) | |
|  | |


title: 1952 U.S. Women's Open

abstract: The 1952 U.S. Women's Open was the seventh U.S. Women's Open, held June 26–29 at Bala Golf Club in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the final time the event was organized by the LPGA Tour; the United States Golf Association (USGA) has conducted the championship since 1953. Louise Suggs, the 1949 champion, won the second of her two U.S. Women's Open titles, seven strokes ahead of runners-up Marlene Bauer and Betty Jameson. It was the sixth of eleven major championships for Suggs, whose lead after 36 holes was four strokes, and extended to seven strokes after the third round. The championship was played in hot weather; temperatures in the first round on Thursday exceeded 100 °F (38 °C).

text:
# 1952 U.S. Women's Open

Bala Golf Clubclass=notpageimage|Location in the United States

The **1952 U.S. Women's Open** was the seventh U.S. Women's Open, held June 26–29 at Bala Golf Club in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the final time the event was organized by the LPGA Tour; the United States Golf Association (USGA) has conducted the championship since 1953.

Louise Suggs, the 1949 champion, won the second of her two U.S. Women's Open titles, seven strokes ahead of runners-up Marlene Bauer and Betty Jameson. It was the sixth of eleven major championships for Suggs, whose lead after 36 holes was four strokes, and extended to seven strokes after the third round.

The championship was played in hot weather; temperatures in the first round on Thursday exceeded 100 °F (38 °C).

## Final leaderboard

*Sunday, June 29, 1952*

| Place | Player | Score | To par | Money () |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Louise Suggs** | 70-69-70-75=284 | +8 | 1,750 |
| T2 | Marlene Bauer | 83-70-67-71=291 | +15 | 1,120 |
| | Betty Jameson | 71-73-72-75=291 | | |
| 4 | Beverly Hanson | 76-73-75-69=293 | +17 | 770 |
| T5 | Peggy Kirk Bell | 77-75-70-73=295 | +19 | 560 |
| | Betty Mackinnon | 74-72-73-76=295 | | |
| 7 | Betsy Rawls | 72-72-78-75=297 | +21 | 350 |
| 8 | Alice Bauer | 76-72-80-70=298 | +22 | 245 |
| 9 | Patty Berg | 69-77-79-74=299 | +23 | 210 |
| 10 | Dorothy Germain Porter (a) | 72-78-76-74 =300 | +24 | 0 |

Source:

39°59′38″N 75°13′23″W / 39.994°N 75.223°W / 39.994; -75.223

## InfoBox

1952 U.S. Women's Open
| Tournament information | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | June 26–29, 1952 |
| Location | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| Course(s) | Bala Golf Club |
| Organized by | LPGA Tour and
*The Philadelphia Inquirer*
Charities, Inc. |
| Tour(s) | LPGA Tour |
| Format | Stroke play – 72 holes |
| Statistics | |
| Par | 69 |
| Length | 5,460 yards (4,993 m) |
| Field | 45: 14 pros, 31 amateurs |
| Prize fund | 7,500 |
| Winner's share | $1,750 |
| Champion | |
| Louise Suggs | |
| 284 (+8) | |
|  | |


title: Eric Mercer

abstract: Eric Arthur John Mercer was an Anglican bishop in the Church of England. He was the first Bishop of Birkenhead from 1965 to 1973 and, from then until his retirement, the Bishop of Exeter. Mercer was educated at Dover Grammar School for Boys and Kelham Theological College. After wartime service with the Sherwood Foresters he began his ordained ministry as a curate at Coppenhall. In 1951 he was appointed priest in charge of Heald Green and then became rector of St Thomas' Church, Stockport and, from 1959, the Diocese of Chester's diocesan missioner. In 1973 he was translated to be the Bishop of Exeter. He died in retirement, at Chilmark, Wiltshire, aged 85.

text:
# Eric Mercer

**Eric Arthur John Mercer** (6 December 1917 – 8 November 2003) was an Anglican bishop in the Church of England. He was the first Bishop of Birkenhead from 1965 to 1973 and, from then until his retirement, the Bishop of Exeter.

Mercer was educated at Dover Grammar School for Boys and Kelham Theological College. After wartime service with the Sherwood Foresters he began his ordained ministry as a curate at Coppenhall. In 1951 he was appointed priest in charge of Heald Green and then became rector of St Thomas' Church, Stockport and, from 1959 (his final appointment before his ordination to the episcopate), the Diocese of Chester's diocesan missioner. In 1973 he was translated to be the Bishop of Exeter. He died in retirement, at Chilmark, Wiltshire, aged 85.


abstract: The 1949 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship was the 49th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897. Mount Sion were the defending champions. On 16 October 1949, Mount Sion won the championship after a 4–08 to 0–06 defeat of Clonea in the final. This was their 7th championship title overall and their second title in succession.

text:
# 1949 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship

The **1949 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship** was the 49th staging of the Waterford Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Waterford County Board in 1897.

Mount Sion were the defending champions.

On 16 October 1949, Mount Sion won the championship after a 4–08 to 0–06 defeat of Clonea in the final. This was their 7th championship title overall and their second title in succession.

## InfoBox

1949 Waterford Senior Hurling Championship
| Champions | Mount Sion (7th title) |
| --- | --- |
| Runners-up | Clonea |
| 1948 (Previous) (Next) 1950 | |


title: 2003 Midlothian Council election

abstract: Elections to Midlothian Council were held on 1 May 2003, the same day as the other Scottish local government elections and the Scottish Parliament general election. The election was the last one using the 18 single-member wards using the plurality system of election. Labour retained their dominance of the council, with the Liberal Democrats forming the second largest party on the council.

text:
# 2003 Midlothian Council election

**Elections to Midlothian Council** were held on 1 May 2003, the same day as the other Scottish local government elections and the Scottish Parliament general election. The election was the last one using the 18 single-member wards using the plurality (first past the post) system of election.

Labour retained their dominance of the council, with the Liberal Democrats forming the second largest party on the council.

## Election results

Midlothian Local Election Result 2003
| Party | | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | **15** |  |  |  | **83.3** | **44.6** | **13,221** |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | 2 |  |  |  | 11.1 | 17.4 | 5,149 |  |
|  | Independent | 1 |  |  |  | 5.6 | 2.1 | 611 |  |
|  | SNP | 0 |  |  |  | 0.0 | 23.0 | 6,829 |  |
|  | Conservative | 0 |  |  |  | 0.0 | 10.7 | 3,186 |  |
|  | Scottish Socialist | 0 |  |  |  | 0.0 | 1.4 | 414 |  |
|  | Scottish Green | 0 |  |  |  | 0.0 | 0.9 | 261 |  |

## Ward results


title: 1954 Southern Area League

abstract: The 1954 Southern Area League was the first season of the newly named regional third tier of speedway racing in the United Kingdom for Southern British teams. It replaced the defunct Southern League. With most of the Southern League teams moving up to Speedway National League Division Two, six new teams started the season—many of them making their debut in league speedway.

text:
# 1954 Southern Area League

The 1954 **Southern Area League** was the first season of the newly named regional third tier of speedway racing in the United Kingdom for Southern British teams. It replaced the defunct Southern League. With most of the Southern League teams moving up to Speedway National League Division Two, six new teams started the season—many of them making their debut in league speedway.

## Summary

Three teams finished equal on points at the top but California Poppies from California, Berkshire were champions by the slenderest possible margin of a single race point with all their rivals having an fixture in hand that was never ridden.

Aldershot Shots withdrew mid-season. Ernie Lessiter of Ringwood topped the averages.

## Final table

| Pos | Team | PL | W | D | L | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | California Poppies | 16 | 9 | 0 | 7 | 18 |
| 2 | Ringwood Turfs | 15 | 9 | 0 | 6 | 18 |
| 3 | Rye House Roosters | 15 | 9 | 0 | 6 | 18 |
| 4 | Brafield Flying Foxes | 15 | 8 | 0 | 7 | 16 |
| 5 | Eastbourne Eagles | 15 | 3 | 0 | 12 | 6 |

Withdrawal (Record expunged) : Aldershot Shots

## Leading Averages

|  | Rider | Team | C.M.A. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ernie Lessiter | Ringwood | 10.86 |
| 2 | Gil Goldfinch | California | 10.48 |
| 3 | Jimmy Gleed | California | 10.21 |
| 4 | Peter Mould | California | 9.83 |
| 5 | Vic Hall | Brafield | 9.46 |

## Riders' Championship

Alby Golden won the Riders' Championship. The final was held at Rye House Stadium on 3 October.

| Pos. | Rider | Club | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Alby Golden | Ringwood | 14+3 |
| 2 | Ernie Lessiter | Ringwood | 14+2 |
| 3 | Vic Ridgeon | Rye House | 12 |
| 4 | Dave Slater | Rye House | 10 |
| 5 | Fran Greasley | Brafield | 10 |
| 6 | Vic Hall | Brafield | 8 |
| 7 | Jimmy Gleed | California | 7 |
| 8 | Jack Taylor | Eastbourne | 7 |
| 9 | Pete Mould | California | 6 |
| 10 | Geoff Woodger | Rye House | 6 |
| 11 | Gil Goldfinch | California | 6 |
| 12 | Bob Bunney | Aldershot/Eastbourne | 5 |
| 13 | Bill Simpson (res) | Rye House | 5 |
| 14 | Ron Burnett | Aldershot | 4 |
| 15 | Syd George | Brafield | 2 |
| 16 | Eric Hockaday | California | 2 |
| 17 | Harry Wilson | Eastbourne | 2 |
| 18 | Gordon Richards (res) | Eastbourne/Ringwood | 0 |

## Riders & final averages

**Aldershot** (withdrew)

* Jack Taylor 9.06
* Ron Burnett 9.00
* Eric Hockaday 8.33
* Bob Bunney 7.33
* Tommy Sweetman 7.08
* Frank Turner 6.24
* Peter Mason 5.58
* Jim Smith 4.50

**Brafield**

* Vic Hall 9.65
* Syd George 8.19
* Doug Jackson 8.00
* Frank Greasley 7.91
* Johnny Jones 7.17
* Brian Meredith 6.13
* John Cherry 4.84
* Tony Wintour 4.70
* Neil Roberts 4.50
* Nick Nicholls 3.76
* Dave Hankins 4.00
* Eric Eadon 3.33
* John Benson 0.80

**California**

* Gil Goldfinch 10.54
* Jimmy Gleed 10.29
* Pete Mold 9.83
* Bob Andrews 8.89
* Tommy Sweetman 6.62
* Eric Hockaday 6.40
* Ron Sharp 5.82
* George Bason 4.63
* Jim Webb 3.62
* Ted Pankhurst 3.53
* Ross Gilbertson 2.91
* Tom Albury 2.11
* Bob Mitchell 1.33

**Eastbourne**

* Harry Wilson 6.91
* Steve Bole 6.21
* Jim Preddy 5.67
* Dan English 5.57
* Johnny Fry 5.42
* Wally Wilson 5.26
* Bob Bunney 4.80
* Bob Gladwin 4.67
* Johnny Gronow 4.16
* Gordon Richards 2.40

**Ringwood**

* Ernie Lessiter 10.86
* Alby Golden 9.12
* Merv Hannam 8.63
* Gordon Richards 7.33
* Harold Carder 6.60
* Tom Worrall 5.73
* Tom Reader 5.69
* Tony Lockyer 6.56
* Gil Graham 5.00
* Ted Lewis 5.00
* Gerry Bridson 4.50
* Tony Golding 4.35

**Rye House**

* Vic Ridgeon 9.07
* Al Sparrey 8.00
* Jimmy Heard 7.65
* Bill Simpson 7.64
* Dave Clark 7.44
* Stan Bedford 6.97
* Dave Slater 6.95
* Geoff Woodger 6.19
* Vernon Brown 6.11
* Dave Still 6.07

## InfoBox

1954 Southern Area League
| League | Southern Area League |
| --- | --- |
| No. of competitors | 5 |
| Champions | California Poppies |
| Riders' Championship | Alby Golden |
| Highest average | Ernie Lessiter |
| Division/s above | National League Div 1<br>National League Div 2 |
|


abstract: The 1954 Southern Illinois Salukis football team was an American football team that represented Southern Illinois University in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1954 college football season. Under third-year head coach William O'Brien, the team compiled a 2–7 record. The team played its home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois.

text:
# 1954 Southern Illinois Salukis football team

1954 Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| Michigan State Normal \+ | 5 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 8 |  | 1 |  | 0 |
| Central Michigan \+ | 5 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 8 |  | 2 |  | 0 |
| Western Illinois | 3 |  | 1 |  | 2 |  |  | 6 |  | 1 |  | 3 |
| Illinois State Normal | 3 |  | 2 |  | 1 |  |  | 5 |  | 3 |  | 1 |
| Eastern Illinois | 1 |  | 4 |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  | 6 |  | 1 |
| Southern Illinois | 1 |  | 5 |  | 0 |  |  | 2 |  | 7 |  | 0 |
| Northern Illinois State | 1 |  | 5 |  | 0 |  |  | 2 |  | 7 |  | 0 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * \+  Conference co-champions | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1954 Southern Illinois Salukis football team** was an American football team that represented Southern Illinois University (now known as Southern Illinois University Carbondale) in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1954 college football season. Under third-year head coach William O'Brien, the team compiled a 2–7 record. The team played its home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 25 | Southeast Missouri State* |  | L 6–7 | 6,000 |  |
| October 2 | Illinois State Normal | * McAndrew Stadium * Carbondale, IL | L 2–7 | 3,000 |  |
| October 9 | at Northern Illinois State |  | L 7–24 |  |  |
| October 16 | at Central Michigan |  | L 0–33 | 3,000 |  |
| October 23 | Michigan State Normal | * McAndrew Stadium * Carbondale, IL | L 0–20 | 6,500 |  |
| October 30 | at Eastern Illinois |  | W 20–6 | 3,000 |  |
| November 6 | at Missouri Mines* | Rolla, MO | W 27–13 |  |  |
| November 13 | Washington University* | * McAndrew Stadium * Carbondale, IL | L 14–25 | 4,500 |  |
| November 20 | Western Illinois | * McAndrew Stadium * Carbondale, IL | L 17–19 |  |  |
| * \*Non-conference game * Homecoming | | | | | | | |

## Postseason

### NFL Draft

The following Saluki was drafted into the National Football League following the season.

| Round | Pick | Player | Position | NFL team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 28 | 326 | Bob Ems | Back | Chicago Cardinals |

## InfoBox

| 1954 Southern Illinois Salukis football | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference |
| Record | 2–7 (1–5 IIAC) |
| Head coach |  |
| Home stadium | McAndrew Stadium |
|


title: Air Guinea

abstract:
Air Guinea was a short-lived airline based in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea. Its main base was Malabo International Airport.
The airline operated scheduled and chartered passenger flights and also featured a cargo department. The airline was on the List of air carriers banned in the European Union.

text:
# Air Guinea

**Air Guinea** was a short-lived airline based in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea. Its main base was Malabo International Airport. The airline operated scheduled and chartered passenger flights and also featured a cargo department (**Air Guinea Cargo**). The airline was on the List of air carriers banned in the European Union.

## Fleet

The Air Guinea fleet included the following aircraft (as at February 2008):

## InfoBox

Air Guinea
| IATA ICAO Call sign  LQ | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2004 |
| Ceased operations | 2005 |
| Hubs | Malabo International Airport |
| Headquarters | Malabo, Equatorial Guinea |


title: 1959–60 Divizia A

abstract: The 1959–60 Divizia A was the forty-second season of Divizia A, the top-level football league of Romania.

text:
# 1959–60 Divizia A

The **1959–60 Divizia A** was the forty-second season of Divizia A, the top-level football league of Romania.

## Teams

Steagul RoșuPetrolulFarulȘtiințaDinamoUTAMinerulJiulBucharest**Bucharest teams:**
CCA
Dinamo
Progresul
Rapidclass=notpageimage|Location of teams in **1959-60 Divizia A**

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | CCA București (C) | 22 | 15 | 4 | 3 | 52 | 25 | +27 | 34 | Qualification to European Cup preliminary round |
| 2 | Steagul Roşu Oraşul Stalin | 22 | 9 | 9 | 4 | 47 | 34 | +13 | 27 | Invitation to Balkans Cup |
| 3 | Petrolul Ploiești | 22 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 33 | 23 | +10 | 24 |  |
| 4 | Farul Constanța | 22 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 37 | 34 | +3 | | 24 |
| 5 | Știința Cluj | 22 | 7 | 10 | 5 | 34 | 32 | +2 | | 24 |
| 6 | Dinamo Bacău | 22 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 31 | 33 | 2 | | 24 |
| 7 | UTA Arad | 22 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 26 | 30 | 4 | | 22 |
| 8 | Dinamo București | 22 | 6 | 9 | 7 | 29 | 29 | 0 | | 21 |
| 9 | Progresul București | 22 | 7 | 5 | 10 | 36 | 39 | 3 | | 19 |
| 10 | Rapid București | 22 | 5 | 8 | 9 | 30 | 34 | 4 | | 18 |
| 11 | Minerul Lupeni | 22 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 27 | 37 | 10 | | 16 |
| 12 | Jiul Petroșani (R) | 22 | 2 | 7 | 13 | 17 | 49 | 32 | 11 | Relegation to Divizia B |

Source: LT
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal average; 3) number of goals scored
(C) Champions; (R) Relegated

### Results

| Home \ Away | CCA | BAC | DIN | FAR | JIU | MIN | PET | PRO | RAP | STR | UTA | ȘCJ |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| CCA București |  | 3–0 | 3–3 | 3–2 | 2–0 | 6–1 | 1–0 | 4–1 | 1–1 | 2–1 | 1–0 | 2–2 |
| Dinamo Bacău | 1–2 |  | 1–4 | 4–3 | 3–1 | 2–1 | 1–0 | 3–0 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 1–2 | 0–0 |
| Dinamo București | 2–1 | 0–2 |  | 1–1 | 3–1 | 0–0 | 1–3 | 0–1 | 2–0 | 2–2 | 2–2 | 0–0 |
| Farul Constanța | 0–3 | 2–0 | 3–1 |  | 5–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 3–2 |
| Jiul Petroșani | 1–2 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 1–1 |  | 1–0 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 2–2 | 2–3 | 2–0 | 1–1 |
| Minerul Lupeni | 0–1 | 1–2 | 2–2 | 4–0 | 4–0 |  | 1–2 | 4–1 | 2–1 | 1–1 | 1–0 | 2–2 |
| Petrolul Ploiești | 1–2 | 1–3 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 7–0 | 2–1 |  | 0–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 2–0 |
| Progresul București | 2–2 | 5–2 | 1–1 | 1–2 | 2–1 | 7–0 | 2–3 |  | 0–2 | 1–2 | 1–1 | 0–0 |
| Rapid București | 2–5 | 1–2 | 1–0 | 3–3 | 5–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 3–2 |  | 1–1 | 0–1 | 1–2 |
| Steagul Roşu Oraşul Stalin | 2–1 | 2–2 | 1–2 | 3–2 | 2–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 7–4 | 4–1 |  | 2–2 | 7–1 |
| UTA Arad | 1–4 | 3–0 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 3–0 | 1–0 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 2–1 | 1–1 |  | 2–1 |
| Știința Cluj | 2–1 | 1–1 | 2–1 | 3–1 | 3–1 | 1–1 | 2–2 | 0–1 | 1–1 | 3–1 | 5–1 |  |

Source: LT (in Romanian)
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.

## Top goalscorers

| Rank | Player | Club | Goals |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Gheorghe Constantin | CCA București | 20 |
| 2 | Titus Ozon | Rapid București | 12 |
| 3 | Gheorghe Ene | Rapid București | 11 |
| 4 | Iacob Olaru | Farul Constanța | 10 |
| | Nicolae Tătaru | CCA București | |
|

## Champion squad

| CCA București |
| --- |
| **Goalkeepers:** Ion Voinescu (16 / 0); Costică Toma (6 / 0).
**Defenders:** Vasile Zavoda (21 / 0); Alexandru Apolzan (11 / 0); Traian Ivănescu (10 / 0); Alexandru Dragomirescu (2 / 0); Gheorghe Staicu (8 / 0); Ferdinand Cepolski (3 / 0).
**Midfielders:** Emerich Jenei (19 / 0); Tiberiu Bone (14 / 1); Vasile Mihăilescu (14 / 1).
**Forwards:** Gheorghe Cacoveanu (20 / 5); Gheorghe Constantin (21 / 20); Ion Alecsandrescu (20 / 7); Francisc Zavoda (14 / 0); Gabriel Raksi (21 / 5); Nicolae Tătaru (19 / 10); Ion Crișan (1 / 0); Alexandru Constantinescu (2 / 2).
*(league appearances and goals listed in brackets)*
**Manager:** Gheorghe Popescu I. |

## InfoBox

Divizia A
| Season | 1959–60 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | CCA București |
| Top goalscorer | Gheorghe Constantin (20) |
| 1958–59 1960–61 | |


title: Ellen Hayes

abstract: Ellen Amanda Hayes was an American mathematician and astronomer. She was a controversial figure, not only because of being a female college professor, but also for embracing many radical causes.

text:
# Ellen Hayes

**Ellen Amanda Hayes** (September 23, 1851  October 27, 1930) was an American mathematician and astronomer. She was a controversial figure, not only because of being a female college professor, but also for embracing many radical causes.

## Early life

Hayes was born in Granville, Ohio, the first of six children to Ruth Rebecca (Wolcott) Hayes and Charles Coleman Hayes. At the age of seven she studied at the Centerville school, a one-room ungraded public school and, in 1867, at sixteen, was employed to teach at a country school. In 1872, she entered the preparatory department at Oberlin College and was admitted as a freshman in 1875, where her main studies were mathematics and science.

## Work

Three years after admission, Hayes obtained bachelor's degree from Oberlin in 1878 and began teaching at Adrian College. Also active in astronomy, she determined the orbit of the newly discovered asteroid 267 Tirza while studying at the Leander McCormick Observatory at the University of Virginia.

From 1879 until her retirement in 1916, Hayes taught at Wellesley College, where she became head of the mathematics department in 1888 and head of the new department in applied mathematics in 1897. According to one of her colleagues, she was removed from being head of the mathematics department due to disputes over her admission policy. Hayes wore utilitarian clothes instead of the fashionable garments worn by many women of the day and she was described as "strong willed."

As a mathematics professor, she was described as controversial. She questioned the truth of the Bible in front of students. She had very high standards of education, giving more than half of her students D grades during the first year she taught from her trigonometry book. Despite her rigorous teaching style, she had a loyal following of students.

In 1888, Hayes wrote a regular column for the Wellesley College newspaper discussing women's suffrage and dress reform, and in the 1890s she founded a chapter of the temperance movement.

In 1891, Hayes was elected one of the first six women to become members of the New York Mathematical Society (later the American Mathematical Society). She was named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1905.

A history of Wellesley College reads:

> A dauntless radical all her days, in the eighties she was wearing short skirts; in the nineties she was a staunch advocate of Woman's Suffrage; in the first two decades of the twentieth century, an ardent Socialist. After her retirement, and until her death in 1930, she was actively connected with an experiment in adult education for working girls. Fearless, devoted, intransigent, fanatical, if you like, and at times a thorn in the flesh of the trustees, who withheld the title of Emeritus on her retirement, she is remembered with enthusiasm and affection by many of her students.
>
> History of Wellesley College,

## Women in math

Hayes was concerned about under-representation of women in mathematics and science and argued that this was due to social pressure, emphasis on female appearances, lack of employment opportunities for women in mathematics and science fields, and schools that allowed female students to opt out of mathematics and science courses.

## Social causes

Hayes was a controversial figure not just for being one of the rare women among mathematics professors in nineteenth-century America, but for her embrace of radical causes such as questioning the Bible, gender-related clothing conventions, suffrage, temperance, socialism, the 1912 Lawrence Textile Strike, and Sacco and Vanzetti case.

She was the Socialist Party candidate for Massachusetts Secretary of State in 1912, the first woman in state history to run for statewide office. She did not win the race, but did receive more votes than any Socialist candidate on the ballot, including 2500 more than for their gubernatorial candidate. During the Russian Revolution, despite anti-Red sentiment, she raised money for Russian orphans and defended socialism. At the age of 76, she was arrested for marching in protest of the execution of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti.

## Later life

Hayes wrote *Wild Turkeys and Tallow Candles* (1920), an account of life in Granville, “How Do You Know? A Handbook of Evidence and Inference” (1923) and *The Sycamore Trail* (1929), a historical novel.

In 1929, she moved to West Park, New York to teach at Vineyard Shore School for women workers in industry, despite her pain from arthritis. She died on October 27, 1930. Her will left her brain to the Wilder Brain Collection at Cornell University. Her ashes were buried in Granville, Ohio.

## InfoBox

| Ellen Hayes | |
| --- | --- |
| Ellen Amanda Hayes, from a 1915 publication | |
| Born | (1851-09-23)September 23, 1851
Granville, Ohio, US |
| Died | October 27, 1930(1930-10-27) (aged 79)
Wellesley, Massachusetts, US |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Oberlin College |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Mathematics
Astronomy |
| Institutions | Adrian College
Wellesley College
University of Virginia |
|  | |