title: Douan

abstract: Douan, also known as Doyan, is a village in Astore District of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan. It is located in Astore Valley, at the base of the Himalayas. Doyan is a hill station with a small natural lake at a nearby mountain's top. The road to the village famously has 24 uphill turns. Doyan is named after Dooday Family of Tangir District(citation)required as this pasture was bestowed to them by Maharaja of Kashmir. Doyan was bordering estate of Dogra state of Kashmir with Diamer. Doyan served as base camp for liberation fighters against Dogra state as Molana Abdul Manan led them to Zojila pass with help of local Numberdar Haji Abdul Rahim who provided them logistic support. The village is divided into Ajini (upper) Doyan and Kharini (lower) Doyan. The village is situated on sulphur rocks and thus unstable due to continuous earth quakes. Doyan is famous for trophy hunting of famous Astore Markhor. Its water source is located at base camp of Nanga Parbat which was channelled with help IFAD and local community. Doyan has remained political strong hold of conservative political party JI. Molvi Abdul Manan and former Law Minister Mushtaq Ahmed Advocate of Doyan remained provincial Ameer of JI for consecutive terms. All the basic facilities are available in the village. People are cultivating potatoes, wheat and corn. The village is rich for pastures and forest. Majority of village population has migrated from Doyan and is settled in Gilgit amidst difficult out reach, earth quake hazards and water crises. Area notables of Doyan village include Haji Abdul Rahim (Numberdar), Ismail Khan, Molana Abdul Manan, Mushtaq Ahmed, Aftab Ismail, Abdul Qayyum and Pakistan Army Captain Taimoor Ali Khan who got martyrdom at LOC.

text:
# Douan

35°32′30″N 72°42′13″E / 35.54167°N 72.70361°E / 35.54167; 72.70361 **Douan**, also known as **Doyan**, is a village in Astore District of Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan. It is located in Astore Valley, at the base of the Himalayas. Doyan is a hill station with a small natural lake at a nearby mountain's top. The road to the village famously has 24 uphill turns. Doyan is named after Dooday Family of Tangir District(citation)required as this pasture was bestowed to them by Maharaja of Kashmir. Doyan was bordering estate of Dogra state of Kashmir with Diamer. Doyan served as base camp for liberation fighters against Dogra state as Molana Abdul Manan led them to Zojila pass with help of local Numberdar Haji Abdul Rahim who provided them logistic support.

The village is divided into Ajini (upper) Doyan and Kharini (lower) Doyan. The village is situated on sulphur rocks and thus unstable due to continuous earth quakes. Doyan is famous for trophy hunting of famous Astore Markhor. Its water source is located at base camp of Nanga Parbat which was channelled with help IFAD and local community.

Doyan has remained political strong hold of conservative political party JI. Molvi Abdul Manan and former Law Minister Mushtaq Ahmed Advocate of Doyan remained provincial Ameer of JI for consecutive terms.

All the basic facilities are available in the village. People are cultivating potatoes, wheat and corn. The village is rich for pastures and forest.

Majority of village population has migrated from Doyan and is settled in Gilgit amidst difficult out reach, earth quake hazards and water crises.

Area notables of Doyan village include Haji Abdul Rahim (Numberdar), Ismail Khan (Former Political Agent / Deputy Commissioner), Molana Abdul Manan (Former JI Ameer), Mushtaq Ahmed (Former Law Minister), Aftab Ismail (Former Planning Minister), Abdul Qayyum (Former Head of Provincial Forest Department) and Pakistan Army Captain Taimoor Ali Khan who got martyrdom at LOC.


title: Dosinia subrosea

abstract: Dosinia subrosea, common name the fine dosinia, is a medium-sized saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Veneridae, the Venus clams.

text:
# Dosinia subrosea

***Dosinia subrosea***, common name the **fine dosinia**, is a medium-sized saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Veneridae, the Venus clams.

* Powell A. W. B., *New Zealand Mollusca*, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
* Glen Pownall, *New Zealand Shells and Shellfish*, Seven Seas Publishing Pty Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-85467-054-8

## InfoBox

| *Dosinia subrosea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Bivalvia |
| Order: | Venerida |
| Superfamily: | Veneroidea |
| Family: | Veneridae |
| Genus: | *Dosinia* |
| Species: | ***D. subrosea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dosinia subrosea***<br>(Gray, 1835) | |
|


title: Dov Davidoff

abstract: Dov Davidoff is an American comedian and actor.

text:
# Dov Davidoff

**Dov Davidoff** (born September 22, 1973) is an American comedian and actor.

## Early life

Davidoff was born in Englishtown, New Jersey, where his father owned a junkyard.

## Career

In addition to performing in clubs and colleges throughout the country, Davidoff also acted in television shows and *Invincible* with Mark Wahlberg.

On April 22, 2008, he released a CD entitled "*The Point Is..*" on Comedy Central Records. His book *Road Dog: Life and Reflections from the Road* *as a Stand-up Comic* was self-published via Amazon in October, 2017.

Davidoff guest starred, with Ray Liotta and Jennifer Lopez, on the NBC cop drama *Shades of Blue*. He is also featured as a recurring role on HBO's *Crashing* alongside fellow comedian and actor Pete Holmes.

## Personal life

Davidoff married his wife Jessica on May 18, 2016, and she gave birth to the couple's son on November 3, 2018.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2003 | *Ash Tuesday* | Billy Boy |  |
| 2004 | *Noise* | Larry |  |
| 2005 | *Crazy for Love* | Door man |  |
| 2006 | *Invincible* | Johnny |  |
| 2009 | *Across the Hall* | The Bellhop |  |
| 2011 | *Let Go* | Greasy Pawn Shop Guy |  |
| 2016 | *The Comedian* | Dov Davidoff |  |
| 2017 | *Blackmail* | Max |  |
| 2019 | *Hustlers* | Manager |  |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 | *Third Watch* | Patch Monk | Episode: "Alone Again, Naturally" |
| 2005 | *Peep Show* |  | Unsold pilot |
| 2006 | *Law & Order* | Darrell Dennehy | Episode: "Family Friend" |
| 2007 | *Raines* | Remi Boyer | 7 episodes |
| 2008 | *Boston Legal* | Joe Hellman | Episode: "Roe" |
| 2009 | *Brothers* | Max | Episode: "Mom at Bar/Train Buddy" |
| 2012 | *Whitney* | The Manager | Episode: "Something Old, Something New" |
| 2013 | *Maron* | Dov Davidoff | Episode: "Marc's Dad" |
| 2013 | *The League* | Sergeant Panico | Episode: "Chalupa vs. The Cutlet" |
| 2016 | *Horace and Pete* | Dom | 3 episodes |
| 2017 | *The Punisher* | Ricky Langtry | Episode: "Front Toward Enemy" |
| 2017–2018 | *Shades of Blue* | Detective Verco | 18 episodes |
| 2017–2019 | *Crashing* | Jason | 8 episodes |

## InfoBox

| Dov Davidoff | |
| --- | --- |
| Davidoff in 2019 | |
| Born | (1973-09-22) September 22, 1973<br>Englishtown, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Comedian **·** actor |
| Children | 1 |


title: Alessandro Fei (painter)

abstract:
Alessandro Fei (1543–1592) was an Italian painter active in Florence, working in a Mannerist style. He was also called il Barbiere. He participated in the Vasari-directed decoration of the Studiolo of Francesco I with an oval canvas relating a Goldsmith Shop story. He also painted an altarpiece on the Flagellation of Christ for the Basilica church of Santa Croce in Florence.
Trained under Ridolfo del Ghirlandaio. Piero Francia, and under Tommaso Manzuoli, better known as Maso da San Friano, Fei became a member of the Accademia dell’Arte e del Disegno in Florence in 1563 and was a trusted assistant of Giorgio Vasari up until 1574. The artist spent most of his career in Florence, except for a trip to Rome at the side of the Aretine painter to decorate the Vatican chapels of Pope Pius VI.

text:
# Alessandro Fei (painter)

**Alessandro Fei** (1543–1592) was an Italian painter active in Florence, working in a Mannerist style. He was also called **il Barbiere** (the Barber). He participated in the Vasari-directed decoration of the Studiolo of Francesco I with an oval canvas relating a *Goldsmith Shop* story. He also painted an altarpiece on the *Flagellation of Christ* for the Basilica church of Santa Croce in Florence. Trained under Ridolfo del Ghirlandaio. Piero Francia, and under Tommaso Manzuoli, better known as Maso da San Friano, Fei became a member of the Accademia dell’Arte e del Disegno in Florence in 1563 and was a trusted assistant of Giorgio Vasari up until 1574. The artist spent most of his career in Florence, except for a trip to Rome at the side of the Aretine painter to decorate the Vatican chapels of Pope Pius VI.

## Works

His most famous works included *The Goldsmith's Workshop,* an oil-based painting, *The Virgin and Saints* and his five stone tiles *The Life of the Virgin*.

* Freedberg, Sydney J. (1993). Pelican History of Art (ed.). *Painting in Italy, 1500-1600*. Penguin Books. p. 616.


title: Double Concerto (Rorem)

abstract: The Double Concerto is a composition for violin, cello, and orchestra by the American composer Ned Rorem. The work was commissioned by the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra and composed between July 27, 1997, and April 1998. It was composed for the violinist Jaime Laredo and the cellist Sharon Robinson, who first performed the piece with the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra conducted by Raymond Leppard in Indianapolis on October 15, 1998.

text:
# Double Concerto (Rorem)

The **Double Concerto** is a composition for violin, cello, and orchestra by the American composer Ned Rorem. The work was commissioned by the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra and composed between July 27, 1997, and April 1998. It was composed for the violinist Jaime Laredo and the cellist Sharon Robinson, who first performed the piece with the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra conducted by Raymond Leppard in Indianapolis on October 15, 1998.

## Composition

### Background

Rorem had known and worked with the cellist Sharon Robinson and the violinist Jaime Laredo for many years. In 1980, Rorem had composed his suite *After Reading Shakespeare* specifically for Sharon Robinson. Likewise, he had composed his 1984 Violin Concerto for Jaime Laredo. Thus, when Rorem received a commission from the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra, he used the opportunity to write a double concerto for the two soloists. Rorem described his intent for the piece in the score program notes, writing:

> Music being the least representational of the arts (it does not depict other than itself), the overall title is abstract: Double Concerto. Nevertheless, just to get the juices flowing, I did impose "concrete" titles onto the eight movements, which require 35 minutes to unfold. These titles connote whatever the listener chooses. I'll state only that in "Adam and Eve" the two soloists are literally born on stage: they emerge from the womb of the orchestra.

### Structure

The work has a duration of roughly 35 minutes and is cast in eight movements:

1. Morning
2. Adam and Eve
3. Mazurka
4. Staying on Alone
5. Their Accord
6. Looking
7. Conversation at Midnight
8. Flight

### Instrumentation

The work is scored for solo violin and cello and a small orchestra comprising two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets, and strings. In the score program notes, Rorem commented on the meek instrumentation, remarking, "The scoring is plain: only eight winds, four brass, and strings. No glamorous harps, keyboards, or mallets, and no percussion, none. (In growing older I've come to feel that percussion is, at best, mere decoration, at worst, immoral, like too many earrings or too many exclamation points!!)"

## Reception

Reviewing a recording of the work, Peter Dickinson of *Gramophone* wrote:

> The Double Concerto seems to be full of chorales; the first section, "Morning", is in a harmonic idiom close to Messiaen. The Mazurka never feels Polish and breaks out into a hedonistic waltz; "Looking" alternates between the solo violin and the brass group; and "Conversation at Midnight", lasting nearly 15 minutes, is by far the longest movement. It is a series of luxuriant exchanges between the soloists and what starts as a kind of D major hymn in the strings, and it has its own central section with faster music. The last movement, "Flight", blows everything away in just over a minute. All beautifully played.

## Recording

A recording of the work, performed by Laredo, Robinson, and the IRIS Orchestra under the direction of Michael Stern, was released through Naxos Records in December 2006.


title: Alerre

abstract: Alerre is a municipality in the province of Huesca, Spain. As of 2018, it has a population of 201 inhabitants.

text:
# Alerre

**Alerre** is a municipality in the province of Huesca, Spain. As of 2018, it has a population of 201 inhabitants.

1. *Municipal Register of Spain 2018*. National Statistics Institute.
2. Gobierno de Aragón. "Zonas altimétricas por rangos en Aragón y España, y altitud de los municipios de Aragón". *Datos geográficos*. Archived from the original on November 9, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2017.

## InfoBox

| Alerre | |
| --- | --- |
| municipality | |
|  | |
| AlerreLocation in Spain | |
| Coordinates: 42°10′N 0°28′W / 42.167°N 0.467°W / 42.167; -0.467 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Aragon |
| Province | Huesca |
| Comarca | Hoya de Huesca |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Francisco José Santolaria Alastrué (Partido de los Socialistas de Aragón) |
| Area | |
| Total | 8.95 km2 (3.46 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 505 m (1,657 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 201 |
| Density | 22/km2 (58/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Website | www.alerre.es |


title: Alerothrips

abstract: Alerothrips is a genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae. The genus has an Asian distribution, with one species known from India and two from Thailand.

text:
# Alerothrips

***Alerothrips*** is a genus of thrips in the family Phlaeothripidae. The genus has an Asian distribution, with one species known from India and two from Thailand.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Alerothrips* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Thysanoptera |
| Family: | Phlaeothripidae |
| Genus: | *Alerothrips*<br>Bhatti, 1995 |
|


title: Down the Streets of My Old Neighborhood

abstract: Down the Streets of My Old Neighborhood is an album by fiddle and mandolin player Peter Ostroushko, released in 1986. It is out of print, yet remains highly sought after amongst his fans, and is to this day his most celebrated release.

text:
# Down the Streets of My Old Neighborhood

***Down the Streets of My Old Neighborhood*** is an album by fiddle and mandolin player Peter Ostroushko, released in 1986. It is out of print, yet remains highly sought after amongst his fans, and is to this day his most celebrated release.

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

## Track listing

All songs by Peter Ostroushko unless otherwise noted.

1. "Sluz Blues"
2. "Back Home in N.E. Minneapolis"
3. "Red Dancing Shoes"
4. "B-O-R-S-C-H-T"
5. "Rose of Old Red Wing"
6. "Oh, Glory"
7. "Corny Dog Ramble"
8. "Down the Streets of My Old Neighborhood"
9. "Hey Good Looking"
10. "Ukrainian Medley: In the Meadow Is A Well / Suffering"
11. "The Too-Tight Polka"

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Down the Streets of My Old Neighborhood | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Peter Ostroushko | |
| Released | 1986 |
| Genre | Americana, folk |
| Label | Rounder |
| Peter Ostroushko chronology | |
| *Sluz Duz Music*
(1985) ***Down the Streets of My Old Neighborhood***
(1986) *Buddies of Swing*
(1987) | |


title: Alexander Khmelik

abstract: Alexander Grigorievich Khmelik was a Soviet-Russian screenwriter, playwright and director known for his creation of the children's sketch series Yeralash. He was formerly a head of All-Union Radio (1948–1950), a literary employee in the newspaper Pionerskaya Pravda (1951–1953), literary editor of the journal Vozhaty (1953–1958), head of the department of literature and art at the newspaper Pionerskaya Pravda (1958–1963), the editor in chief of the creative association of Youth Films at Mosfilm (1963–1969). He was also a deputy of the Gorky Film Studio from 1974 to 1987.

text:
# Alexander Khmelik

**Alexander Grigorievich Khmelik** (Russian: Александр Григорьевич Хмелик) (September 27, 1925 – December 12, 2001) was a Soviet-Russian screenwriter, playwright and director known for his creation of the children's sketch series *Yeralash*. He was formerly a head of All-Union Radio (1948–1950), a literary employee in the newspaper *Pionerskaya Pravda* (1951–1953), literary editor of the journal *Vozhaty* (1953–1958), head of the department of literature and art at the newspaper *Pionerskaya Pravda* (1958–1963), the editor in chief of the creative association of Youth Films at Mosfilm (1963–1969). He was also a deputy of the Gorky Film Studio from 1974 to 1987.

## InfoBox

| Alexander Khmelik | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Alexander Grigorievich Khmelik
(1925-09-27)September 27, 1925
Alupka, Crimean ASSR, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Died | December 8, 2001(2001-12-08) (aged 76)
Moscow |
| Occupations | * Screenwriter * director * producer * playwright |
| Years active | 1951–2001 |
| Awards | Honoured Artist of the RSFSR |


title: Alexander James Grieve

abstract: Rev. Alexander James Grieve was a British theologian, writer and Liberal Party politician.

text:
# Alexander James Grieve

**Rev. Alexander James Grieve** (18 March 1874 – 23 September 1952) was a British theologian, writer and Liberal Party politician.

## Background

Grieve was born the eldest son of John Grieve. He was educated at University College, Aberystwyth, Mansfield College, Oxford and the University of Berlin. He obtained a First Class Honors in Theology at Oxford in 1897 and London in 1912. In 1897 he married Evelyne Mary Thomas. They had four sons and two daughters.

## Professional career

Grieve was Principal of Lancashire Independent College from 1922 to 1943 and Principal Emeritus from 1943.

## Political career

Grieve was Liberal candidate for the Glasgow Kelvingrove division at the 1923 General Election. He did not stand for parliament again.

### Electoral record

General Election 1923: Glasgow Kelvingrove
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Unionist | William Hutchison | 11,025 | 42.9 | −11.9 |
|  | Communist | Aitken Ferguson | 10,021 | 39.0 | n/a |
|  | Liberal | Alexander James Grieve | 4,662 | 18.1 | −27.1 |
| Majority | | | 1,004 | 3.9 | −5.7 |
| Turnout | | |  | 68.2 | +3.7 |
|  | Unionist **hold** | | Swing | n/a |  |


title: Alexander James Duffield

abstract: Alexander James Duffield (1821–1890) was an English mining engineer, Hispanist and writer.

text:
# Alexander James Duffield

**Alexander James Duffield** (1821–1890) was an English mining engineer, Hispanist and writer.

## Life

Duffield was born at Tettenhall, near Wolverhampton in Staffordshire. He married and emigrated to South America, spending some years in Bolivia and Peru as a mining chemist, and learning Spanish. He had plans, which proved unsuccessful, to introduce alpacas into Australia, several times visited Brisbane, and reported to the Queensland government on labour for the sugar plantations. Subsequently, he travelled in Spain and other countries, and for some time held an appointment under the government of Canada.

## Works

Duffield published:

* *Masston: a Story of these Modern Days* (London, 1877), novel, with Walter Herries Pollock.
* *Peru in the Guano Age: being a short Account of a recent Visit to the Guano Deposits, with some Reflections on the Money they have produced and the Uses to which it has been applied* (1877).
* *Needless Misery at Home and abounding Treasure in the West under our own Flag; Old Town and New Domains, or Birmingham and Canada revisited* (1880), advocacy of English parishes purchasing land in Canada .
* *The Prospects of Peru, the End of the Guano Age and a Description thereof, with some Account of the Guano Deposits and "Nitrate" Plains* (1881).
* *Don Quixote* (1881, translator), as *The Ingenious Knight Don Quixote de la Mancha, a New Translation from the Originals of 1605 and 1608, with some Notes of Bowie, J. A. Pellicer, Clemencin, and others* (1881, 3 vols.) This was work begun with Henry Edward Watts, of which two separate versions appeared. It had a bibliographical account of the books of chivalry connected with the story, and passages in verse rendered by James Young Gibson.
* *Don Quixote, his Critics and Commentators, with a brief Account of the Minor Works of Cervantes and a Statement of the Aim of the greatest of them all* (1881).
* *The Beauty of the World: a Story of this Generation*, 1886 \[1885\], 3 vols.
* *Recollections of Travels Abroad* (1889).

Duffield also contributed a note on "The Lost Art of Hardening Copper" to Heinrich Schliemann's *Ilios; the City and Country of the Trojans* (Leipzig, 1880).

**Attribution**

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1901). "Duffield, Alexander James". *Dictionary of National Biography (1st supplement)*. Vol. 2. London: Smith, Elder & Co.


title: Doyle Community Park & Center

abstract: The Doyle Community Park & Center, located in the city of Leominster, Massachusetts, is a 170-acre (69 ha) landscaped urban park and open space reservation managed by The Trustees of Reservations, a non-profit conservation organization. It is also the location of the Doyle Center: a conservation education center, regional office, and green building initiative. The property consists of three main areas: Pierce Meadow, a landscaped urban park and former estate of Harry W. Pierce; the Doyle Center grounds, buildings, and adjoining woodlots; and a hay field and adjoining wetland. The Doyle Community Park was acquired as a gift of Louise I. Doyle in 1981. Additional lands were acquired in six purchases from 1991 to 2001. Reservation parking lots are located on Lindell Avenue. The property is open to walking, cross country skiing, picnicking, nature study, and dog walking. There are 3.5 miles of walking trails throughout the reservation.

text:
# Doyle Community Park & Center

The **Doyle Community Park & Center**, located in the city of Leominster, Massachusetts, is a 170-acre (69 ha) landscaped urban park and open space reservation managed by The Trustees of Reservations, a non-profit conservation organization. It is also the location of the Doyle Center: a conservation education center, regional office, and green building initiative. The property consists of three main areas: *Pierce Meadow*, a landscaped urban park and former estate of Harry W. Pierce; the *Doyle Center* grounds, buildings, and adjoining woodlots; and a hay field (worked by local dairy farm by the name of Cherry Hill) and adjoining wetland.

The Doyle Community Park was acquired as a gift of Louise I. Doyle in 1981. Additional lands were acquired in six purchases from 1991 to 2001. Reservation parking lots are located on Lindell Avenue. The property is open to walking, cross country skiing, picnicking, nature study, and dog walking. There are 3.5 miles of walking trails throughout the reservation.

## Pierce Meadow

Pierce Meadow was part of a private estate belonging to Harry W. Pierce circa 1900. Pierce's estate once featured "a twenty-nine-room stucco mansion with a ballroom and conservatory, a matching stable, extensive horse paddocks, Pierce Pond, and an extensive system of bridle paths through woodland and around the pond." 10 acres (4.0 ha) of Pierce's estate have been restored as a community park; the pond and bridle paths are not part of the current reservation. Trees and shrubs on the property are part of the estate's original plantings.

## Doyle Center

The Doyle Center is a green architecture initiative and regional office, conference, and education center. The structure, designed by HKT Architects of Somerville, Massachusetts and landscape architects Hines Wasser & Associates, was registered for a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design gold certification with the United States Green Building Council. The building includes "photovoltaic panels, high-efficiency lighting and controls, a displacement ventilation system, high performance windows, a high performance building envelope, geothermal wells and carbon dioxide monitoring systems;" it incorporates green materials such as desks made of sunflower seeds, bamboo and cork flooring, and recycled fiber carpet and paneling.

42°32′53″N 71°46′27″W / 42.54806°N 71.77417°W / 42.54806; -71.77417

## InfoBox

| Doyle Community Park & Center | |
| --- | --- |
| Upper Meadow | |
| Established | 1981 |
| Operator | The Trustees of Reservations |
| Website | Doyle Community Park |


title: Alexander Melrose

abstract: Alexander John Melrose was a politician in the State of South Australia.

text:
# Alexander Melrose

**Alexander John Melrose** (18 March 1889 – 6 September 1962) was a politician in the State of South Australia.

## History

Melrose was born at Kooringa, the only son of the noted philanthropist Sir John Melrose (1860–1938), of Ulooloo, and his wife Emily Eliza Melrose, née Edhouse (1862–1923). Alex's grandfather, George Melrose (1806–1894), was a Scottish pioneer settler of South Australia. Jimmy Melrose, the famous aviator, was a cousin.

Melrose was educated at St. Peter's College, and was early involved in running the station, as his father lost his sight around 1901. He lived at Kadlunga station, Mintaro, where he bred Merino sheep, Jersey cattle, and Percheron horses. He also had an interest in Oakbank Station in South Australia and Williambury, in the Gascoyne River district of Western Australia.

Melrose was a long time member of the District Council of Stanley and its chairman for twelve years, until its amalgamation with the District Council of Clare, and continued as a member of the larger council. He was involved in the establishment of the Clare and District Hospital, then after its incorporation in 1925 was on its board of management, including a stint as chairman. He was a director of Mintaro Slate and Flagstone Company. He was a member of the council of the S.A. Polo Association for six years, captain of the Clare Polo Club, and a foundation member of the Watervale Golf Club.

Melrose was president of the Liberal and Country League and represented the Liberal Party in the House of Assembly seats of Burra Burra 1933-1938 and Stanley 1938–1941. He was elected to a Midland District seat in the Legislative Council 1941–1962.

## Family

In 1913 Melrose married Jane Florence "Jennie" Lewis (17 March 1884 – 24 August 1970), daughter of John Lewis; their children included:

* Evonne Ashley Melrose (24 February 1915 – 4 May 1996) married on 10 December 1937 James Elder "Jim" Gosse (4 September 1910 – 10 October 1973). They had four children.
* Eleanor Emily Brook "Poss" Melrose (14 March 1917 - 29 October 2004) married on 25 November 1939 Richard Stanley Carstairs "Dick" Rymill (12 September - 15 July 1997). They had two children. After a divorce on 1 April 1963 Eleanor married on 19 February 1966 Peter Edwin Siekmann (18 October 1909 – 6 Jul 1998). No issue - they remained together for the rest of their lives.
* John Lewis Melrose (21 April 1924 – 29 January 1987) educated at St. Peter's College, never married. Lived at and managed Kadlunga, Mintaro all his life.


title: Douglas Irwin

abstract: Douglas A. Irwin is the John French Professor of Economics in the Economics Department at Dartmouth College and the author of seven books. He is an expert on both past and present U.S. trade policy, especially policy during the Great Depression. He is frequently sought by media outlets such as The Economist and Wall Street Journal to provide comment and his opinion on current events. He also writes op-eds and articles about trade for mainstream media outlets like The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, and Financial Times. He is also a nonresident senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. Prior to his appointment to as professor at Dartmouth, Irwin was an associate professor of business economics at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, an economist for the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and an economist for the Council of Economic Advisers Executive Office of the president.

text:
# Douglas Irwin

**Douglas A. Irwin** is the John French Professor of Economics in the Economics Department at Dartmouth College and the author of seven books. He is an expert on both past and present U.S. trade policy, especially policy during the Great Depression. He is frequently sought by media outlets such as The Economist and Wall Street Journal to provide comment and his opinion on current events. He also writes op-eds and articles about trade for mainstream media outlets like *The Wall Street Journal*, *The New York Times*, and *Financial Times*. He is also a nonresident senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics.

Prior to his appointment to as professor at Dartmouth, Irwin was an associate professor of business economics at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, an economist for the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and an economist for the Council of Economic Advisers Executive Office of the president.

## Education

Irwin received his Ph.D. in economics with distinction from Columbia University in 1988. He also received a B.A. in political science, magna cum laude from the University of New Hampshire. He has served on the editorial board of the *Journal of Economic History*, the World Trade Review, the *Journal of International Economics*, and *Essays in Economic & Business History*.

## Research

At Dartmouth, he is the director of the Political Economy Project. His published research is widely cited, and covers both modern trade policy and the history of the trading system.

His books include:

* *Clashing over Commerce: A History of U.S. Trade Policy*, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018. ISBN 9780226398969;
* *Free Trade Under Fire*, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015. ISBN 9781400866182;
* *Trade Policy Disaster: Lessons from the 1930s*, Cambridge, MA: MIP Press, 2012. ISBN 9780262016711;
* *Peddling Protectionism: Smoot-Hawley and the Great Depression*, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011. ISBN 9780691150321;
* *Founding choices: American economic policy in the 1790s*, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011. ISBN 0226384748;
* *The Genesis of the GATT*, Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 2008. ISBN 9780511817953;
* *Against the Tide: An Intellectual History of Free Trade*, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998. ISBN 9780691058962;

## Honors

Irwin has received numerous grants and awards, including the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Principal Investigator fellowship and a National Science Foundation grant. He received the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research's F.A. Hayek Book prize as well as the Economic History Association's Alice Hanson Jones prize for his 2017 book, *Clashing over Commerce: A History of U.S. Trade Policy.*

## Personal

Irwin is married to Marjorie Rose, a Dartmouth economics professor and former staff economist at the International Monetary Fund and Council of Economics Advisors. In 2024, Irwin signed a faculty letter expressing support for the actions of Dartmouth College president Sian Beilock, who ordered the arrests of 90 students and faculty members nonviolently protesting the Israel-Hamas war.

1. "Five questions for Douglas Irwin". *The Economist*. Retrieved 2017-06-05.
2. Irwin, Douglas A. (2014-12-18). "Trade Will Lead to Freedom". *Wall Street Journal*. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2017-06-05.
3. Zarroli, Jim. "As U.S. Flexes Its Muscles On Trade, Other Countries Are Beginning To Push Back". *www.npr.org*. National Public Radio, 8 June 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
4. Donnan, Shawn (6 June 2016). "Trump's tough talk on trade faces legislative hurdles". *Financial Times*. Retrieved 2017-06-05.
5. "Back to a Gold Standard?". *The New York Times*. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-06-05.
6. "Douglas A. Irwin". *Hoover Institution*. Retrieved 2017-06-05.
7. "Douglas A. Irwin-Professor". *www.dartmouth.edu*. Archived from the original on 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2017-06-04.
8. "Douglas A. Irwin | Department of Economics". *economics.dartmouth.edu*. 2 April 2013. Retrieved 2017-06-04.
9. "Douglas A. Irwin-Professor". *www.dartmouth.edu*. Archived from the original on 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2017-06-04.
10. "citations: Douglas Irwin". *scholar.google.com*. Google Scholar. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
11. "research output: Douglas Irwin". *ideas.repec.org*. RePEc (Research Papers in Economics). Retrieved 8 July 2018.
12. "Irwin CV" (PDF).
13. *Clashing over Commerce*. Markets and Governments in Economic History. University of Chicago Press.
14. "Letter to the Editor: We Dartmouth Faculty Members Support the Recent Actions by College President Sian Leah Beilock". *The Dartmouth*. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
15. Patel, Vimal (2024-05-03). "Police Treatment of a Dartmouth Professor Stirs Anger and Debate". *The New York Times*. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
16. "Adkins: Dozens of people arrested at pro-Palestine protest at Dartmouth College". *WMUR 9 News*. May 1, 2024. Retrieved May 2, 2024.

## InfoBox

| Douglas Irwin | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Academic career | |
| Field | International economics |
| Institution | Dartmouth College, John Sloan Dickey Third Century Professor in the Social Sciences |
| Alma mater | Columbia University |
| Information at IDEAS / RePEc | |
|  | |
| Website | https://sites.dartmouth.edu/dirwin/ |


title: Dragonar Academy

abstract: Dragonar Academy is a Japanese light novel series written by Shiki Mizuchi, illustrated by Kohada Shimesaba, and published by Media Factory under the MF Bunko J imprint. The first volume was released on June 25, 2010, with a total of 20 volumes available in Japan so far. A manga adaptation by the illustrator, Ran, began serialization in Monthly Comic Alive during its June 2011 issue. It was one of five MF Bunko J light novel anime adaptations announced at Media Factory's Summer School Festival event on July 28, 2013. It has been licensed for North America by Funimation.

text:
# Dragonar Academy

***Dragonar Academy*** (Japanese: 星刻(せいこく)竜騎士(ドラグナー), Hepburn: *Seikoku no Doragunā*, lit. "Star-Marked Dragonar") is a Japanese light novel series written by Shiki Mizuchi, illustrated by Kohada Shimesaba, and published by Media Factory under the MF Bunko J imprint. The first volume was released on June 25, 2010, with a total of 20 volumes available in Japan so far. A manga adaptation by the illustrator, Ran, began serialization in *Monthly Comic Alive* during its June 2011 issue. It was one of five MF Bunko J light novel anime adaptations announced at Media Factory's Summer School Festival event on July 28, 2013. It has been licensed for North America by Funimation.

## Plot

On the continent of Arc Strada, civilians called Breeders raise and train their Pars (スティード, lit. "steed"), dragons bonded to Breeders via a magical link called the Astral Flow. Races of dragons are born from Breeders who are deemed worthy and marked with a Seikoku (西谷義, lit. "Star Brand") at a young age by the Mother Dragon at the Orphan Rite. Breeders may eventually achieve the rank of nobility by helping their Par become a Maestro, or Holy Dragon.

Learning to ride and tame dragons comes easily to most students at Ansarivan Dragonar Academy—except for Ash Blake, a first-year student who is known by his classmates as the "problem child". Despite Ash having an unusually large seikoku that marks him as a future dragon master, his Par had never appeared, until now. While challenging a fellow student, Princess Silvia Lautreamont, to a dragon race, Ash's dragon appears, but in a form different than any dragon ever seen before—a beautiful girl. Ash names her "Eco" and soon discovers that this new dragon has attitude to spare, as she promptly informs him that she is the master, and he, her servant. Ash's problems with dragon riding have only just begun.

## Characters

### Main characters

Ash Blake (アッシュ・ブレイク, *Asshu Bureiku*) Voiced by: Kōji Takahashi (Drama CD/Anime) (Japanese); Aaron Dismuke (English) A 16-year-old student at the academy whose dragon Par hasn't awakened. He is known as a problem child due to his tendency to react violently to any perceived insult to his yet-to-be-born dragon. Despite his poor reputation, he has an unusual talent—a phenomenon called *Chalice* that makes him the only human (aside from his sister, Linda) able to ride other people's dragons. As a child he had no interest in becoming a Breeder, but he met Silvia Lautreamont—who was determined to be a Breeder—by chance during the Orphan Rite and assisted her in finding the Mother Dragon. After finding the Mother Dragon, he is chosen to become a Breeder; not Silvia. He was given the dragon Par (later named Eco) by the Mother Dragon who was aware of his ability to ride any dragon. After saving the town during the Necromancia incident, he is deified as the Arch-bearing "Silver Knight", which corresponds to a noble rank. He is later knighted by Paladin Oswald, granting him the title *Dragona* shortly after accepting the position of student council general affairs. He is also called the Knight of Avalon due to him being Eco's master. In his second year, he takes the student council president position where he becomes the founder of *The Independent* Order of the Avalon Knights. Eco (エーコ, *Ēko*) Voiced by: Mariya Ise (Drama CD/Anime) (Japanese); Lara Woodhull (English) Eco is a special dragon Par, who takes the form of a human girl. Although she develops a fondness for Ash, she treats him as though he was her servant, much to his annoyance. Eco is fully aware that Ash is her master and that she is the "pet" (as she describes herself), but she doesn't want to admit it because of her pride. She also believes that if she submits that she will be nothing but a "tamed pet" and will never be loved as anything more than just a pet, which is not the kind of love she wants from Ash. Eco accesses Dragweiss, a place where she can gathers the ability to give Ash a magical suit of armor known as an Ark and when she does, they also receive an Ark Weapon infused with elemental power. She is later revealed to be the Imperial Princess of the Emperor's Family of Avalon's Holy Dragons, and her full name is Eco Aurora-Christa Pendragon Lena Anherusu-Ilya Roransu Liliane-Muriel-Octavia-Robertine de la Rosa Resuperansu van de Compostela Avalon. According to the Mother Dragon, Eco is both human and dragon. This was arranged in order for her to breed with Ash and save the dragon race from extinction. Silvia Lautreamont (シルヴィア・ロートレアモン, *Shiruvia Rōtoreamon*) Voiced by: Ayane Sakura (Drama CD/Anime) (Japanese); Elizabeth Parker (English) Fourth princess of the Lautreamont Knight Family and a Dragonar. Her Par is a white Maestro Dragon named Lancelot. It is revealed that she wasn't supposed to become a Dragonar, but she did when Ash yielded Lancelot to her when the two of them met as children during the Orphan Rite. Neither of them remember meeting nor the subsequent events. Silvia soon joins the student council with Ash and is in charge of public morals. She is completely terrified of her older sister, Veronica, but overcomes her fears when Veronica recognizes her skills. Despite Silvia being the 4th child of the King, her older siblings are either not interested in politics, or have gone missing, which has left her as heir-presumptive to the throne. During their second visit to Albion Forest to search for the Mother Dragon as part of an examination, Silvia and Ash regain their lost memories. Silvia finally realizes the magnitude of everything that Ash has done for her, such as giving up Lancelot and getting injured in the process, and so she declares her love for him and kisses him, causing her to forever quarrel with Eco, and will stop at nothing to have Ash be engaged to her. In later volumes, Silvia also becomes an Arch Dragonar and vice president of the academy.

### Ansarivan Dragon Riding Academy

Rebecca Randall (レベッカ・ランドール, *Rebekka Randōru*) Voiced by: Marina Inoue (Drama CD/Anime) (Japanese); Alexis Tipton (English) Third-year student and student council president. Her dragon Par is a Maestro named Cú Chulainn. She is a powerful Arch Dragonar armor-user capable of summoning an unstoppable spear named Gae Bulg. She likes teasing Ash to make the other girls who like him jealous. However, she may have feelings for Ash as well. When she graduates from the academy, she leaves the position of student council president to Ash. Raymond Kirkland (レイモン・カークランド, *Reimon Kākurando*) Voiced by: Tomoaki Maeno (Drama CD/Anime) (Japanese); Austin Tindle (English) Ash's friend and a self-proclaimed "ladies' man". His Par is an Earth Dragon named Brigid. He, Ash, and Maximilian have known each other for a long time and were once roommates when they were younger. Raymond is one of the very few students outside the student council to know about Ash's identity as the famous Silver Knight who had saved the town from a Necromantia dragon. In his second year, he takes the position of general affairs while Ash is promoted to student council president and has a seat on the Order of the Avalon Knights. Jessica Valentine (ジェシカ・ヴァレンタイン, *Jeshika Varentain*) Voiced by: Kana Hanazawa (Anime) (Japanese); Skyler McIntosh (English) Rebecca's childhood friend who sees her as her rival. Although Jessica acts like she's from nobility, the truth is the Valentine family have been servants of the Randall family for generations, and Rebecca threatens to expose her whenever she causes trouble. She was the president of the Silver Knight Fan Club, and when she finds out that the Silver Knight is Ash, she wishes to bear his children in order to gain nobility. To cover it up, Rebecca has her resign as president of the fan club and join the student council. Her Par is a Hydra named Rhiannon. Lukka Saarinen (ルッカ・サーリネン, *Rukka Sārinen*) Voiced by: Asuka Ōgame (Anime) (Japanese); Bryn Apprill (English) The student council secretary. An Eckbald or elf of the forest, Lukka is the youngest person to ever become a Dragonar. Her Par is a Maestro Dragon named Gawain. After an accident where she fell off Gawain, she developed a fear of riding her dragon. In addition, Gawain has since refused to let her ride due to his concern for his rider. However, Lukka is eventually able to overcome her fear with Ash's help. She then becomes attached to him and more open to others. As an Eckbaldian Dragonar, she practices the Dragon Dance, a battle style that wins the battle against the Necromantia at the Willingham Mausoleum. Maximillian Russell (マクシミリアン・ラッセル, *Makushimirian Rasseru*) Voiced by: Genki Muro (Drama CD/Anime) (Japanese); Derick Snow (English) The student council treasurer. Maximillian's Par is a Wyvern named Airanlot. He is known to be a clean freak and does not tolerate any kind of untidiness. He, Ash, and Raymond have known each other for a long time and were once roommates in their earlier school years. Oscar Brailsford (オスカー・ブレイスフォード, *Osukā Bureisufōdo*) The student council vice president who is a girl masquerading as a boy and is often absent from school lectures and activities. According to Rebecca, Oscar's skills as a Dragonar are exceptional. Likewise, Oscar wishes to make Rebecca her 'first wife'. Oscar is the daughter of the king of Chevron. After Oscar's mother's death, the king took Oscar on as a son and hid her true gender. She became the first Breeder of the land of Chevron with her Par Tristan and became an exchange student at the academy. She has an eye-patch maid named Celestine. When they were introduced, Oscar and Ash were initially on bad terms because Oscar forcibly took Eco for strength to obtain her throne. Linda Blake (リンダ・ブレイク, *Rinda Bureiku*) Ash's younger sister. Like her older brother Ash, Linda is able to ride any dragon. Her Par, Percival is the reincarnation of the Mother Dragon. Originally, Eco was intended to be Linda's Par but instead was given to Ash because he had given Lancelot to Silvia. To compensate, Linda is given a holy dragon since both she and Ash share the Chalice phenomena and have greater potential to be Breeders.

### Lautreamont Knight Country

#### Lautreamont Royal Family

Oswald Lautreamont (オズワルド・ロートレアモン, *Ozuwarudo Rōtoreamon*) Voiced by: Takaya Hashi (Anime) (Japanese); Barry Yandell (English) The head of the Lautreamont family and the current ruler of the country, called the Paladin. He is a widower and a very cheerful man who dotes on his children but is often scolded by Silvia, which he seems to enjoy—it reminds him of Silvia's late mother Elizabeth. He asks to meet Ash at the continental congress and grants Ash knighthood but warns him not to pursue a relationship with Silvia. The Paladin was unable to bear seeing his only son Julius killed for the crime of murdering his dragon, and so he banished Julius instead without realizing the reasons behind his son's actions. Veronica Lautreamont (ヴェロニカ・ロートレアモン, *Veronika Rōtoreamon*) Voiced by: Aya Endo (Anime) (Japanese); Martha Harms (English) First princess of the Lautreamont family and the eldest of the four sisters. Nicknamed the Iron Blood Valkyrie, Veronica always wears her armor except while bathing or sleeping. Silvia is terrified of her due to the harsh training Veronica subjected her to when she was little. Although Veronica was not selected as a Breeder, she decided to train her body and hone her swordsmanship to compensate for the lack. Despite her harsh treatment of Silvia, she loves her sister dearly and, according to Julius, even has pictures of Silvia and a Silvia doll in her room. She apparently does not respect her father and wishes for Silvia to be the next Paladin, the country's ruler, telling her to "try to make me kneel before you". Julius Lautreamont (ジュリアス・ロートレアモン, *Juriasu Rōtoreamon*) Voiced by: Takehito Koyasu (Anime) (Japanese); David Trosko (English) The only son of the Lautreamont family. He was supposedly executed for the charge of slaughtering his own dragon but was secretly spared and exiled by Oswald instead. The reason he killed his dragon was because he realized that his dragon, Mordred, was the reincarnation of an evil dragon. Unfortunately, this caused Mordred's spirit to possess him, thus creating the persona of Milgauss. He was later freed when Mordred chose to possess Eco instead. Cassandra Lautreamont (カサンドラ・ロートレアモン, *Kasandora Rōtoreamon*) Second daughter of the Lautreamont family, currently missing. Mirabel Lautreamont (ミラベル・ロートレアモン, *Miraberu Rōtoreamon*) Third daughter of the Lautreamont family. She took the position as Ansarivan Dragon Riding Academy's principal after the previous principal retired. She has a cold but calm demeanor and is usually seen drinking tea even in the middle ceremonies or meetings. According to Silvia, she is a scholar who is studying and doing research abroad. She became Ansarivan's principal on Veronica's orders to watch over Eco, but she admits that she came for another reason and that she does not care for Veronica's orders. According to Ash, she does not seem to respect Veronica at all, having referred to her eldest sister a "muscle freak".

#### Citizens

Angela Cornwell (アンジェラ・コーンウェル, *Anjera Kōnweru*) Voiced by: Haruhi Terada (Drama CD/Anime) (Japanese); Jennifer Green (English) An expert in the field of dragons. She kidnapped Eco and tried to vivisect her, but was stopped by Ash. Afterwards, so that she can observe Ash and Eco, she becomes the new homeroom teacher of Ash's class, much to the surprise of Ash and Silvia and the delight of all the other male students. She and Julius knew each other before his supposed execution, and she is hinted to have feelings for him. Because of this, she is the first person to realize Milgaus's true identity. Cosette Shelley (コゼット・シェリー, *Kosetto Sherī*) Voiced by: Yoshiko Ikuta (Drama CD/Anime) (Japanese); Felecia Angelle (English) Silvia's loyal personal maid. Cosette is very cunning, a master of disguise and given to teasing Silvia and Ash. She is one of the few people who does not fear Veronica, who has asked her to leave Silvia's service and serve her instead on multiple occasions. Primrose Shelley (プリムローズ・シェリー, *Purimurōzu Sherī*) Voiced by: Ai Kakuma (Anime) (Japanese); Morgan Garrett (English) Cosette's older sister and Veronica's personal maid. Unlike her sister, Primrose is rather clumsy and carefree and is known for her large bust. Avdocha Kiltzkaya (アヴドーチャ・キルツカヤ, *Avudōcha Kirutsukaya*) Voiced by: Yū Kobayashi (Anime) (Japanese); Jad Saxton (English) A former terrorist of the Tantalos tribe who now works for Veronica as an undercover agent. Avdocha decided to help Veronica so that she could find her long-lost sister, Shamara. Glenn McGuire (グレン・マクガイア, *Guren Makugaia*) Voiced by: Kazuma Horie (Anime) (Japanese); Will Short (English) A knight in Veronica's service. He was Julius Lautreamont's best friend until Julius's execution, which caused him to become a serious and nearly emotionless person. He is also an Arch Dragonar armor user. Orletta Blanc (オルエッタ・ブラン, *Oruetta Buran*) Voiced by: Yūka Aisaka (Anime) (Japanese); Leah Clark (English) Royal postman who rides a wyvern.

### Zepharos Empire

Klaus Viderhausen (クラウス・ヴィターハウゼン, *Kurausu Vitāhauzen*) Voiced by: Eiji Miyashita (Anime) (Japanese); Robert McCollum (English) A nobleman sent to represent the Zepharos Empire in the continental congress. He took Julius in after he found him wandering after Julius lost his memories and became possessed by Mordred. Milgaus (ミルガウス, *Mirugausu*) Voiced by: Takehito Koyasu (Drama CD/Anime) (Japanese); David Trosko (English) A masked man working for the Zepharos Empire. Milgaus is capable of summoning a Necromancer Dragon, a resurrected corpse of a dragon. He is later revealed to be Prince Julius, who was thought to have been executed many years ago but was in fact secretly spared by the Paladin and exiled. He was possessed by the spirit of the dark dragon king Mordred until Mordred tried to gain control of the Dragweiss. Anya (アーニャ, *Ānya*) / Shamara Kiltzkaya (シャマラ・キルツカヤ, *Shamara Kirutsukaya*) Voiced by: Asami Shimoda (Drama CD/Anime) (Japanese); Sarah Wiedenheft (English) An assassin and head of the Tantalos tribe who works for Milgaus and is very dedicated to him. After being saved by Ash, Anya develops an interest in him. She is later revealed to be Avdocha's long lost sister.

### Dragons

Navi (ナヴィー, *Navī*) Voiced by: Yui Sakakibara (Drama CD/Anime) (Japanese); Monica Rial (English) Navi is the overseer of the Dragon Workshop and has access to all of the knowledge of past dragons. She appears as an older version of Eco. She is later revealed to be the incarnation of the Dragweiss, the repository of all dragon knowledge. Once Eco matures, she will absorb Navi, thus gaining access to the full knowledge, wisdom, and power of the Dragweiss. By doing so, she will direct the future of the dragon race. According to Navi, Navi's current appearance is what Eco will look like when the latter grows up. Navi thinks it would be fine if Ash ended up marrying both Silvia and Eco. Mordred (モルドレッド, *Morudoreddo*) Voiced by: Takaya Kuroda (Anime) (Japanese); Chris Rager (English) Mordred was the dragon Par of Prince Julius Lautreamont. As his dragon grew older, Julius discovered that Mordred had a malevolent aspect to his personality that was born from his ancestral memory as a descendant of the dark kingdom of Nehalennia and that it was slowly taking him over. To that end, Mordred conspired with the prince to kill himself, hoping that it would also kill his evil side. Unfortunately, Mordred's evil side was able to escape the death of its body and possess Julius. When the Paladin spared Julius's life, he unwittingly allowed Mordred to survive as well. Mordred later tries to possess Eco in order to fully revive himself, but Navi resists his attack, which allows Ash and Eco to defeat and forcefully expel him. His spirit flees and is last seen flying to the east. In the manga series, Mordred is actually a female who looks like a Lolli girl. Nuada (ヌァザ, *Nwaza*) A legendary dragon, Nuada was resurrected by Milgaus to fight Ash and his friends. According to his legend, he was the Par of a sick girl. Believing his master was about to die, Nuada cut off his Astral Flow with her. Astral Flow is the link that allows a dragon to absorb Astral—the magical energy required by all things to survive but no longer produced by extremely magical races like dragons and elves—from its rider. Nuada left for the Willingham Mausoleum, where he died alone, not realizing his master had recovered. Mother Dragon (マザー・ドラゴン, *Mazā Doragon*) Voiced by: Fumi Hirano (Anime) (Japanese); Linda Leonard (English) The Mother Dragon is an unseen presence in the world. Despite being called the Mother Dragon, she claims that she is not actually the mother of dragons, but merely a system that distributes dragons to deserving Breeders. The Mother Dragon is a large and powerful dragon, and unlike other dragons, she is able to survive without a partner. Only people with the ability to become Breeders are able to see her, and she chooses who and who will not become Breeders during the Orphan Rite. She was created by a wise dragon in order to save their kind after an accident took away the ability of magical races such as dragons and elves to produce Astral, which brought the dragon race to the brink of extinction. Only recently has the Mother Dragon realized that she is dying. She christens a dragon with a human form (Eco) so that Eco can bear children with a human and save the dragon race.

## Media

### Light novels

*Dragonar Academy* began as a light novel series written by Shiki Mizuchi with illustrations by Kohada Shimesaba, published by Media Factory under their MF Bunko J imprint. The first volume was released in Japan on June 25, 2010, and the last on November 25, 2015, with a total of 20 volumes published.

### Drama CD

A CD drama was released by Media Factory on October 24, 2012. The drama is split into two episodes: "Eco the Dragon Girl" (エーコは竜の娘, *Ēco wa Ryū no Musume*) and "The Streets of Ansarivan" (アンサリヴァンの市街区, *Ansarivan no Shigai-ku*). The opening theme is "Astral Flow" by Haruka Shimotsuki, and a short version of the song was featured as a bonus track. The full song was later featured in *Uta J* (うたJ, lit. *Song J*), Media Factory's album commemorating MF Bunko J's tenth anniversary, released on August 29, 2012.

### Manga

A manga adaptation illustrated by Ran began serialization in the June 2011 issue of *Monthly Comic Alive* (released on April 27, 2011). The first bound volume was released by Media Factory on October 22, 2011, with a total of thirteen volumes published under their Alive Comics imprint. The manga is licensed in North America by Seven Seas Entertainment under the title *Dragonar Academy*. In July 2020, the manga became one of seven titles to be removed from Books Kinokuniya in Australia for claims of promoting child pornography.

### Anime

An anime television series aired from April 5 to June 21, 2014, on AT-X and at later dates on Tokyo MX, MBS, TVA, and BS11. The anime series is animated by C-Station and directed by Shunsuke Tada. The opening theme is "Seiken Nante Iranai" (聖剣なんていらない, *I Don't Need a Holy Sword*) by Yui Sakakibara while the ending theme is MOST Ijō no 'MOSTEST' (MOST以上の"MOSTEST", *A "Mostest" More Than Most*) by Mariya Ise, Ayane Sakura, and Marina Inoue under their character names. The series adapts the first four volumes of the light novels. The series is licensed by Funimation in North America and aired on their TV station.

| No. | Title | Original airdate |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "A Boy & His Dragon"<br>Transliteration: "Shōnen to Ryū" (Japanese: 少年と竜) | April 5, 2014 (2014-04-05) |
| When the Princess Silvia insults him, Ash accepts her challenge to race her to prove her wrong. Partway in the race, Ash gets ambushed by Milgaus and Anya of the Zepharos Empire. When Anya nearly falls into a chasm, Ash saves her. Falling in himself, he is saved when his Pal awakens. | | | |
| 2 | "Ties That Bind: The Astral Flow"<br>Transliteration: "Futari no Kizuna Asutoraru Furō" (Japanese: 二人の絆・星精路（アストラル・フロウ）) | April 12, 2014 (2014-04-12) |
| Ash's Pal is born and is named Eco by him...and she is not at all what he expects. Later, while out shopping with Eco, she is kidnapped by Angela Cornwell and rescued by Ash and Princess Silvia. | | | |
| 3 | "Riot in the Streets"<br>Transliteration: "Shigai Dōran" (Japanese: 市街動乱) | April 19, 2014 (2014-04-19) |
| A massive dragon attacks the town and its up to the student council members to help out. While fighting it, Eco is captured by this dragon. Eco is sent to a workshop which is used to make Arcs. Then she meets a person named Navi. Navi explains the situation and how Eco can help it by creating an Arc. | | | |
| 4 | "Iron Blood Valkyrie"<br>Transliteration: "Airan Buraddo Varukirī" (Japanese: 鉄血戦乙女（アイアンブラッドヴァルキリー）) | April 26, 2014 (2014-04-26) |
| After having defeated the dragon, a fan club is set up by some students looking for the identity of the Silver Knight that defeated the dragon. Ash must keep his identity as the Silver Knight secret. Meanwhile, Silvia's sister Veronica, the First Princess, decides to visit her little sister at the academy. | | | |
| 5 | "Ice Blue Princess"<br>Transliteration: "Aisu Burū Purinsesu" (Japanese: 蒼氷姫君（アイスブループリンセス）) | May 3, 2014 (2014-05-03) |
| After Veronica humiliates Silvia in public, she tells her of plans to engage her to a knight. | | | |
| 6 | "Blue Brionac"<br>Transliteration: "Ao no Buryūnaku" (Japanese: 青の聖騎銃（ブリューナク）) | May 10, 2014 (2014-05-10) |
| Veronica orders Silvia to pray for forgiveness for her weakness at the church. While there, the church is taken over by a group of bandits led by the guerrilla Avdocha Kiltzkaya, who threatens to bomb the church with everyone in it. Ash goes in to negotiate with her while Veronica initiates her plan to save everyone, even though initially she planned to let Avdocha Kiltzkaya blow up the church. This ultimately results in Silvia and the citizens being saved. | | | |
| 7 | "Lucca Sarlinen"<br>Transliteration: "Rukka Sārinen" (Japanese: ルッカ・サーリネン) | May 17, 2014 (2014-05-17) |
| After Ash is chosen to go to a training camp, they find out about the last student council member named Lucca, who has a greater reputation than that of the student council president. She has a problem with her Dragon Gawain, and it's up to the student council members as friends to help her. | | | |
| 8 | "Moonlit Roar"<br>Transliteration: "Gekka no Hōkō" (Japanese: 月下の咆哮) | May 24, 2014 (2014-05-24) |
| After arriving at the training camp, the student council continues their efforts to talk to Gawain. After managing to get on Gawain's back, Ash is knocked out and speaks with Gawain in the Highdragon Workshop. While there, Ash finds out that the reason Gawain will not let Lucca ride him is because the two had an accident recently, and he does not want to put her in danger like he did before. | | | |
| 9 | "Dragon Dance"<br>Transliteration: "Kiryū Enbu" (Japanese: 騎竜演舞) | May 31, 2014 (2014-05-31) |
| After Gawain goes missing, it is up to Ash, Silvia and Eco to help Lucca find him. Meanwhile, the camp is attacked by a horde of Necromancia. Students and staff fight them off. The group finds Gawain, but Milgauss is there with a large Necromancia Dragon. The group defeats him and the dragon. They kill the Necromancia dragons at the school and rescue Gawain. | | | |
| 10 | "Assembly in Fontaine"<br>Transliteration: "Shūketsu no Miyako Fontīn" (Japanese: 集結の都、フォンティーン) | June 7, 2014 (2014-06-07) |
| Silvia, Ash, and Eco are invited to the capital by Silvia's father so he can meet them. Upon reaching the capital, Silvia meets up with her father while Ash and Eco explore the city. Once Ash meets Silvia's father, he appoints him as a Dragonar. Meanwhile, an evil group plots behind the scenes and waits to start its plan to kidnap Eco and awaken her dragon form. | | | |
| 11 | "Yggdrasil Rising"<br>Transliteration: "Yugudorashiru Kidō" (Japanese: ユグドラシル起動) | June 14, 2014 (2014-06-14) |
| After realizing that she will never be with Ash, Eco runs off. While outside and away from everyone, Eco is kidnapped by the evil group. While Silvia and Ash search for her, they find out she was abducted and go to rescue her. | | | |
| 12 | "The Star-Branded Dragonar"<br>Transliteration: "Seikoku no Doragunā" (Japanese: 星刻の竜騎士（ドラグナー）) | June 21, 2014 (2014-06-21) |
| The evil group complete their plan and force Eco into her dragon form. Eco is then possessed by the spirit who formally resided in Silvia's brother's body. Eco loses control of her body and wreaks havoc on the city. This causes Ash to jump into action. Venturing into Eco's mind, Ash fights and defeats the spirit, returning Eco to her human form and saving the city. | | | |

## InfoBox

| Dragonar Academy | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover of the first light novel volume featuring Eco | |
| 星刻の竜騎士<br>(*Seikoku no Doraguna*) | |
| Genre | Fantasy, Romantic comedy, Harem |
| Light novel | |
| Written by | Shiki Mizuchi |
| Illustrated by | Kohada Shimesaba |
| Published by | Media Factory |
| Imprint | MF Bunko J |
| Demographic | Male |
| Original run | June 25, 2010November 25, 2015 |
| Volumes | 20 |
| Manga | |
| Written by | Shiki Mizuchi |
| Illustrated by | Ran |
| Published by | Media Factory |
| English publisher |  |
| Imprint | Alive Comics |
| Magazine | *Monthly Comic Alive* |
| Demographic | *Seinen* |
| Original run | October 22, 2011December 23, 2016 |
| Volumes | 13 |
| Anime television series | |
| Directed by | Shunsuke Tada <br>Tomoyuki Kurokawa |
| Produced by | Ryoji Maru |
| Written by | Noboru Kimura |
| Music by | Takasugu Wakabayashi |
| Studio | C-Station |
| Licensed by | Crunchyroll |
| Original network | AT-X, Tokyo MX, MBS, TVA, BS11 |
| Original run | April 5, 2014  June 21, 2014 |
| Episodes | 12 |


title: Alex Smith (footballer, born 1940)

abstract: Alexander Smith is a former professional Scottish footballer who played for both Rangers and Dunfermline Athletic. He played as an inside-forward. Smith was signed to Dunfermline in May 1958 by then manager Andy Dickson from junior side Dunbar United. He made his debut in September that year against Raith Rovers; however, the game was abandoned. During his eight-year spell at East End Park he made 298 appearances and scored 98 goals. He won the 1961 Scottish Cup and played in the Scottish Cup final 1965 and European matches against the likes of Valencia and Athletic Bilbao. In August 1966, Smith signed for Rangers for a then Scottish record transfer fee of £55,000. He made his debut on 13 August in a Scottish League Cup match versus Hibernian. He would stay at the club until in 1969 and make 68 appearances and score 26 goals, including playing in the 1967 European Cup Winners' Cup Final. Indeed, in that season he was top scorer for the club with 23 goals. He left Ibrox for a brief spell at Aberdeen before becoming a landlord of a pub in Coaledge. In 2010, a short documentary was made about Alex Smith and his football career. His great grandchildren, Hannah and Matt Smith have played representative rugby for Scotland.

text:
# Alex Smith (footballer, born 1940)

**Alexander Smith** (born 11 December 1940) is a former professional Scottish footballer who played for both Rangers and Dunfermline Athletic. He played as an inside-forward.

Smith was signed to Dunfermline in May 1958 by then manager Andy Dickson from junior side Dunbar United. He made his debut in September that year against Raith Rovers; however, the game was abandoned.

During his eight-year spell at East End Park he made 298 appearances and scored 98 goals. He won the 1961 Scottish Cup and played in the Scottish Cup final 1965 and European matches against the likes of Valencia and Athletic Bilbao.

In August 1966, Smith signed for Rangers for a then Scottish record transfer fee of £55,000. He made his debut on 13 August in a Scottish League Cup match versus Hibernian. He would stay at the club until in 1969 and make 68 appearances and score 26 goals, including playing in the 1967 European Cup Winners' Cup Final. Indeed, in that season he was top scorer for the club with 23 goals.

He left Ibrox for a brief spell at Aberdeen before becoming a landlord of a pub in Coaledge.

In 2010, a short documentary was made about Alex Smith and his football career.

His great grandchildren, Hannah and Matt Smith have played representative rugby for Scotland.

Profile at Dunfermline's official website

## InfoBox

Alex Smith
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Alexander Smith | | |
| Date of birth | (1940-12-11) 11 December 1940 | | |
| Place of birth | Scotland | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1958–1966 | Dunfermline Athletic | 213 | (68) |
| 1966–1969 | Rangers | 41 | (20) |
| 1969 | Aberdeen | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Dragon Gate Taoism

abstract: The Dragon Gate sect of the Complete Reality School of Taoism incorporates elements of Buddhism and Confucianism into a comprehensive form of Taoism. Complete Reality Taoism is generally divided into two main traditions, Southern and Northern. The Dragon Gate sect is an offshoot of the Northern school. Its spiritual descent is traced to the thirteenth-century master Qiu Chang-chun, who was one of the original seven disciples of Wang Chongyang. Chang-chun means "Eternal Spring". Genghis Khan appointed Chang-chun overseer of all religions in China, and the Dragon Gate sect thus played a critical role in the conservation of the Han Chinese culture.

text:
# Dragon Gate Taoism

The **Dragon Gate** sect (龍門派 Lóngmén pài) of the Complete Reality School (全真派 Quánzhēn pài) of Taoism incorporates elements of Buddhism and Confucianism into a comprehensive form of Taoism.

Complete Reality Taoism is generally divided into two main traditions, Southern and Northern. The Dragon Gate sect is an offshoot of the Northern school. Its spiritual descent is traced to the thirteenth-century master Qiu Chang-chun (also known as Qiu Chuji), who was one of the original seven disciples of Wang Chongyang. Chang-chun means "Eternal Spring". Genghis Khan appointed Chang-chun overseer of all religions in China, and the Dragon Gate sect thus played a critical role in the conservation of the Han Chinese culture.

## Dragon Gate priests

The 7th generation Dragon Gate priest and abbot of White Cloud Monastery in Beijing, Wang Changyue (王常月), could be considered the renaisseur of Dragon Gate Taoism. He authored the Dragon Gate's Core Teachings (龙门心法), the Altar Scripture of the Jasper Garden (碧园坛经), the Precepts and Statutes of the Initial Truth (初真戒律) and the no longer extant Alm's-Bowl Mirror (钵鉴). The 11th generation Dragon Gate priests Min Yi-De (闵一得) combined three religions (Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism) together to develop the "Dragon convenience methods". The principle is "learn from Buddhism, to comply with the precepts, diligently practice inner alchemy arts", so that the Dragon Gate branch became thriving. Dragon Gate is currently the largest existing Taoism branch in the world.

After the decline of the Qing Dynasty and the establishment of People's Republic of China, which included the devastating destruction of religions during the Cultural Revolution, people's understanding of Taoism became more limited to the type of Taoism practiced in the temples located in major urban centers.

## Prominent Dragon Gate Temples


title: Alexandru Carnabel

abstract: Alexandru Carnabel was a Romanian doctor, a prominent personality of Romanian surgery, who, "having often modest means at his disposal, had a special activity. He stood out especially through his medical practice and not necessarily through his published studies"; he was mentioned among the first doctors in the country to perform a heart suture in the 1900s, an operation that, for that time, represented a remarkable surgical feat. For over two decades, starting in January 1903, his professional activity was carried out in Galați, at the St. Spyridon Hospital.

text:
# Alexandru Carnabel

**Alexandru Carnabel** (born June 7, 1868, Gemeni, Mehedinți – d. August 10, 1927, Focșani, Putna County) was a Romanian doctor, a prominent personality of Romanian surgery, who, "having often modest means at his disposal, had a special activity. He stood out especially through his medical practice and not necessarily through his published studies"; he was mentioned among the first doctors in the country to perform a heart suture in the 1900s, an operation that, for that time, represented a remarkable surgical feat. For over two decades, starting in January 1903, his professional activity was carried out in Galați, at the *St. Spyridon* Hospital.

## Biography

Alexandru Carnabel was born in the village of Gemeni, from Oltenia, currently part of the commune Dârvari, Mehedinți County and attended high school in Craiova, then being among those who benefited from the pedagogic talent of the renowned surgeon Thoma Ionescu ro, founder of Romanian surgery, at the Faculty of Medicine in Bucharest, holding a competition to enter the boarding school (for 3 years) in 1892. He took over from his master's passion for the profession and care for the theoretical foundation of the medical act, later becoming one of his assistants at the Institute of Topographic Anatomy and Experimental Surgery in Bucharest.

During his specialization, he worked in several hospitals in Bucharest, and in 1903 he permanently moved to Galați as the primary physician and chief surgeon of the "St. Spyridon" Hospital (January 3, 1903). Having meanwhile become a military doctor, he also stood out on the social level, as the main animator of the actions organized by the Tuberculosis Prophylaxis Society, the National Society of Red Cross - Galaţi branch and the "Public Assistance" Society from Galați. He was a member of the initiative committee that organized the establishment of the Popular University of Galați in 1914. For 24 years, until 1927, the year of his death, he carried out an intense medical activity, recognized both in the country and abroad. Thus, he became a corresponding member of the Surgical Society in Paris, his name being cited in prestigious medical journals around the world, such as *Deutsche Chirurgie* (1905), *Bibliographia medica* (1903), *Archiv für klinische Chirurgie* (1906), *Revue de chirurgie* (1905), *Revue de gynécologie et de chirurgie abdominale* (1904), *Archives provinciales de chirurgie* (1901), in which Dr. Carnabel's operations and surgical techniques are mentioned.

In an era when the means of rapid communication were still at the pioneering stage, the news about the skill of the surgeon Alexandru Carnabel spread quickly, the doctor ended up being sought by patients who came, as if on a pilgrimage, from all over Moldavia, from Bessarabia and from Dobrogea. In addition to the operations he was doing, Al. Carnabel also contributed to the prevention of tuberculosis, a condition that was often fatal in that era. Through the interest he showed for public health, Al. Carnabel approached the world of the needy, whom he helped as much as he could.

Alexandru Carnabel was totally dedicated to his profession, but he also supported Romanian literature and art, being a founding member of some cultural circles or institutions, such as the "Cercul Cultural" and "Intim Club" from Galați. As Moise N. Pacu remarked, "Dr. Carnabel had succeeded, as president and surgeon, in making a transfusion of literature, especially in some evenings when the pagan temple of the goddess Fortuna became a solemn Academy, and the soirées - a big gala...".

In the period leading up to the First World War, the Galaţi branch of the National Society of Red Cross carried out an intense activity for the preparation of hospitals for the wounded; the main animator of this action was doctor Alexandru Carnabel. At the beginning of 1915 everything needed for a hospital with 120 beds had been collected, and by November 1915 hospitals for the wounded were installed in almost all the schools in the city. On 25 Aug. 1916, Carnabel was appointed Chief physician of the Galati Hospitals established by the Red Cross. As noted by the press of the time, "all the seriously wounded passed, in Galați, through the hands of the valuable surgeon Dr. Carnabel, who from the dawn of the day until midnight, during this period of agglomeration of the wounded, selflessly and wholeheartedly fulfilled this holy duty."

After Romania's entry into the First World War, following the military campaign of 1916, when two-thirds of the territory of the Romanian Old Kingdom had been occupied by the armies of the Central Powers, the doctor Captain Alexandru Carnabel was evacuated to the south of Russia the following year, together with several hospitals in Romania (totalling around 30,000 patients), becoming Chief physician of the hospitals in Odesa. After the war, he returned to Galați, continuing his medical activity until 1927, when his health caused him to retire from the intense activity he carried out with selflessness .

After the death of doctor Alexandru Carnabel, which occurred in Focșani on August 10, 1927, a committee headed by Cristache D. Theodoru, mayor of Galați, initiated a public subscription for the creation of a bronze bust of doctor Carnabel. The bust was executed by the sculptor Oscar Späthe and was placed on a plinth in Romulus Street, being inaugurated on May 25, 1931. Currently, the bust can be found in the courtyard of the "Elena Doamna" Psychiatric Hospital in Galați, and a street in the city also bears the name of the one who introduced "real surgery, based on science" to the Danube city.

## Brief presentation

### Studies

### Scientific titles

* doctor of medicine and surgery with thesis *Câteva considerațiuni asupra terminarei facerilor în basinurile stramptate observate în maternitatea din Bucuresci* \[Some considerations on the termination of pregnancy in tight pelvises, observed at the maternity hospital in Bucharest\] — Faculty of Medicine in Bucharest (1895)

### Socio-professional activity

* external physician of the Colțea Hospital in Bucharest, at the Clinical-Surgical Service of Dr. George Assaky, specializing in surgery (1890);

* internal physician of Eforia Spitalelor Civile (which included Colțea, Pantelimon and Filantropia hospitals) as well as of the Institute "Maternitatea" (1892-1895);
* editor of the medical journal *Spitalul*;
* he was promoted to the corps of reserve medical officers, to the rank of battalion doctor, by decree published in the Official Gazette no. 43 of 27 May / 8 June 1895, following the one-year internship required by law at the Army Powder Warehouse;
* was appointed doctor and director at the Rural Hospital VidraPutna County (July 1896);
* member of the General Assembly of the Eforia Spitalelor Civile from Bucharest (1898);
* secretary of the publication *Bulletins et mémoires de la Société de Chirurgie de Bucarest* (Jan. 1900 – Feb. 1903);
* primary physician and chief surgeon of the "St. Spyridon" Hospital in Galați (January 3, 1903), where he worked until May 1924;
* medical captain in reserve, was transferred on February 1, 1908, from the IV Army Corps to the III Army Corps, by the Decision of the Minister of War no. 26 of 25 Jan. 1908, published in the Official Gazette no. 243 of 5(18) Feb. 1908;
* main animator of the actions organized by the Tuberculosis Prophylaxis Society, the National Society of Red Cross - Galați branch and the "Public Assistance" Society in Galați;
* member of the initiative committee (1913) under whose care the Popular University of Galați was established, which began its courses on March 5, 1914;
* member of the examination commissions for the position of Primary physician of the Central Hospital in Iași (1916);
* chief physician of the Galați Hospitals, established by the Red Cross during the First World War (August 25 - December 25, 1916);
* president of the Committee of the National Society of Red Cross - Galați branch.

### Affiliations

* founding member of the Cultural Circle from Galati, established on 14 Jan. 1907;
* corresponding member of the Surgical Society in Paris;
* honorary member of the Committee of the Society of Medical Students (from 1888, meeting secretary in 1889, general secretary in 1890, treasurer in 1891);
* president of the Society for Tuberculosis Prophylaxis and Assistance for poor people with Tuberculosis from Galați and Covurlui county (1910);
* member and president of the Medical Society in Galati (1916).

### Collaborations in publications

* *Bulletins et mémoires de la Société de Chirurgie*,
* *Clinica*,
* *Igiena satelor*,
* *Revista de chirurgie* (from Jan. 1898),
* *România medicală* (1903),
* *Spitalul* (June 30 - Dec. 31, 1892 and Jan. 15 - Feb. 28, 1898).

### Awards

* Jubilee Medal „Carol I” (1906).

## InfoBox

| Alexandru Carnabel | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1868-06-07)June 7, 1868
Gemeni, Mehedinți, Oltenia, United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia |
| Died | August 10, 1927(1927-08-10) (aged 59)
Focșani, Kingdom of Romania |
| Nationality | Romania |
| Occupation | surgeon |
| Organization(s) | corresponding member of the Surgical Society in Paris; president of the Society for Tuberculosis Prophylaxis and Assistance for poor people with Tuberculosis from Galati and Covurlui county;
member and president of the Medical Society in Galați |
| Awards | Jubilee Medal *Carol I* (1906) |


title: Dresden Conference (1851)

abstract: The Dresden Conference took place at Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony, after the Prussian humiliation at the Punctation of Olmütz. It was a largely fruitless exercise to settle the constitutional problems of Germany, but reaffirmed Prussian recognition of the German Confederation and resulted in Prussia signing a secret alliance with the Austrian Empire to assist each other in case of attacks on the German Confederation or either of their empires.

text:
# Dresden Conference (1851)

The **Dresden Conference** (December 23, 1850 to May 16, 1851) took place at Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony, after the Prussian humiliation at the Punctation of Olmütz. It was a largely fruitless exercise to settle the constitutional problems of Germany, but reaffirmed Prussian recognition of the German Confederation and resulted in Prussia signing a secret alliance with the Austrian Empire to assist each other in case of attacks on the German Confederation or either of their empires.


title: Alex Popow

abstract: Alex Popow Karaha is a Venezuelan racing driver who competes in the American Le Mans Series and Rolex Sports Car Series for CORE autosport and Starworks Motorsport. He was champion of the LMPC class in the American Le Mans Series in 2012 and obtained a class victory at the 12 Hours of Sebring in 2012, and an overall win the inaugural Brickyard Grand Prix at Indianapolis Motor Speedway in 2012. Also, he finished second overall in the 2012 24 Hours of Daytona.

text:
# Alex Popow

**Alex Popow Karaha** (born 9 November 1975 in Lecheria) is a Venezuelan racing driver who competes in the American Le Mans Series and Rolex Sports Car Series for CORE autosport and Starworks Motorsport.

He was champion of the LMPC class in the American Le Mans Series in 2012 and obtained a class victory at the 12 Hours of Sebring in 2012, and an overall win the inaugural Brickyard Grand Prix at Indianapolis Motor Speedway in 2012. Also, he finished second overall in the 2012 24 Hours of Daytona.

## Name

Popow's name, which is pronounced "pop-off", is the result of his Eastern European ancestry. During a broadcast on Speed Channel, it was revealed that his family name was originally Popov, but was changed to Popow upon his ancestors' immigration.

## Early racing career

Popow began his racing career in his native Venezuela in 1996, winning the Eastern Division Championship for 2000cc cars. He repeated as champion one year later before moving up to the Fiat Palio Cup and Mustang Cup, where he reached success in both championships. Popow was the Expert Class champion in the Palio Cup in both 1998 and 1999, while also earning top honors in the Mustang Cup in 2000 and 2002.

Having won the Formula 2000 Venezuela Championship in 2005, Popow went on to form the first all-Venezuelan team to participate in the Panam-GP series, which took place in six countries, including Venezuela.

## Bogota 6 Hours

Considered the most prestigious professional auto racing event in Colombia, Popow has also enjoyed success in the Bogota 6 Hours. He earned a second-place result in his debut in 1997, while also collecting runner-up finishes in 2004 and 2005. Popow was crowned champion of the race in 2011.

## Off-road racing

Between 2007 and 2009, Popow competed in the AWA 4x4 Rally Championship, earning a third-place finish in the LUV D-MAX Trophy.

## Rolex Sports Car Series

Popow made his Grand-Am debut in 2011, racing in the Rolex Sports Car Series for Starworks Motorsport team. He finished a season-high third at Watkins Glen with Ryan Dalziel and finished 20th in the Daytona Prototype points standings.

In 2012, Popow took his first victory in the inaugural Brickyard Grand Prix Indianapolis Motor Speedway, and obtained two second places and two fourth, so that finished sixth in the drivers' championship.

Popow with Ryan Dalziel achieved one win, two second places and two third in the 2013 Rolex Sports Car Series season, however the poor results obtained at the end of the season, did they finished eighth in the drivers' championship in the DP class. In 2013 Popow won the ‘Jim Trueman’ Award by a landslide and the Starworks Motosport was crowned ‘Sports Car Team of the Year’ by the SPEED Channel.

## American Le Mans Series

Popow won the 2012 12 Hours of Sebring in his American Le Mans Series debut, teaming with Burt Frisselle and E. J. Viso in a CORE autosport Oreca FLM09 Prototype Challenge car. He then went on to win the following ALMS round at Long Beach with Ryan Dalziel.

Four races into the 2012 season, Popow currently leads the ALMS PC Drivers Championship, with four podium finishes to his credit.

## Other racing

Popow competed in the Latin America Challenge Formula 2000 Championship, finishing third in 2010 and fourth in 2011. He also took part in the Mexican Supercup Seat Leon Championship in 2011, finishing second.

Additionally, Popow finished third in the 2012 Gulf 12 Hours at Abu Dhabi.

In August 2012, Popow made his NASCAR debut, driving in the Nationwide Series for TriStar Motorsports at Watkins Glen International.

## Personal life

Popow is married to Lu-Ann Acosta-Rubio and has two children. He enjoys extreme sports in his free time.

## Motorsports career results

### NASCAR

(key) (**Bold** \- Pole position awarded by time. *Italics* \- Pole position earned by points standings. * – Most laps led.)

#### Nationwide Series

| NASCAR Nationwide Series results | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | NNSC | Pts | Ref |
| 2012 | TriStar Motorsports | 19 | Toyota | DAY | PHO | LVS | BRI | CAL | TEX | RCH | TAL | DAR | IOW | CLT | DOV | MCH | ROA | KEN | DAY | NHA | CHI | IND | IOW | GLN
38 | CGV | BRI | ATL | RCH | CHI | KEN | DOV | CLT | KAN | TEX | PHO | HOM | 96th | 6 |  |

* Season still in progress
1 not eligible for series points

### Complete WeatherTech SportsCar Championship results

| Year | Entrant | Class | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | Rank | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 | Starworks Motorsport | P | Riley Mk XXVI DP | Dinan (BMW) 5.0 L V8 | DAY
17 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 44th | 30 |
| | | | Honda HR35TT 3.5 L V6 Turbo | | |  | SEB
17 | LBH | LGA | DET | WGL | MOS | IMS | ELK | COA | PET |
| 2015 | Starworks Motorsport | PC | Oreca FLM09 | Chevrolet LS3 6.2 L V8 | DAY
6 | SEB
5 | LGA
 | DET
 | WGL
1 | MOS
 | LIM
 | ELK
 | COA
DNS | PET
7 |  | 12th | 115 |
| 2016 | Starworks Motorsport | PC | Oreca FLM09 | Chevrolet LS3 6.2 L V8 | DAY
4 | SEB
3 | LBH
2 | LGA
2 | *DET*
1 | ***WGL***
1 | *MOS*
2 | *LIM*
1 | ELK
6 | COA
1 | PET
6 | 1st | 355 |
| 2018 | BAR1 Motorsports | P | Riley Mk. 30 | Gibson GK428 4.2 L V8 | DAY
14 | SEB | LBH | MDO | DET | WGL | MOS | ELK | LGA | PET |  | 59th | 17 |

## InfoBox

| Alex Popow | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nationality | Venezuelan |
| Born | (1975-11-09) November 9, 1975
Lechería, Venezuela |
| American Le Mans Series
Rolex Sports Car Series career | |
| Current team | CORE autosport
Starworks Motorsport |
| Racing licence | FIA Bronze |
| Previous series | |
| Mexican Seat Leon Championship
Latin American Challenge Formula 2000 Championship
Supercup Seat Leon
Formula 2000 Venezuela
Latin America Formula 2000
Mustang Cup
Fiat Palio Cup | |
| Championship titles | |
| 2005
2000, 2002
1998–1999 | Formula 2000 Venezuela
Mustang Cup
Fiat Palio Cup |
|  | |
| NASCAR Xfinity Series career | |
| 1 race run over 1 year | |
| 2012 position | 96th |
| Best finish | 96th (2012) |
| First race | 2012 Zippo 200 (Watkins Glen) |
| Wins Top tens Poles  0 0 0 | |
|  | |
| *Statistics current as of July 1, 2013.* | |
|  | |


title: Dragonseeds

abstract: Dragon Seeds: Saishū Shinka Keitai Dragonseeds, released in Japan as Dragon Seeds: Saishū Shinka Keitai, is a video game where the player must clone a dragon and train it to fight. The player gets to choose from five basic dragon types and two secret dragons. The game also allows the player to receive extra dragons through the saves files of certain games, if the memory card is placed at the second slot. The game also allows a two-player mode, where each player can battle each other with their own dragons.

text:
# Dragonseeds

***Dragonseeds***, released in Japan as ***Dragon Seeds: Saishū Shinka Keitai*** (ドラゴンシーズ ～最終進化形態～, *Doragon Shīzu ～Saishū Shinka Keitai～*, lit. "Dragon Seeds: Final Evolution Form"), is a video game where the player must clone a dragon and train it to fight. The player gets to choose from five basic dragon types and two secret dragons. The game also allows the player to receive extra dragons through the saves files of certain games, if the memory card is placed at the second slot. The game also allows a two-player mode, where each player can battle each other with their own dragons.

## Gameplay

The premise of the game is to raise a dragon and have it participate in battle. After acquiring high enough stats the dragons evolve into more powerful forms. There are three elemental types in the game: Fire, aqua, and storm. Fire being basic flame control, Aqua referring to water or ice abilities, and Storm refers to electrical powers. Each dragon has an element it is born with, and each species of dragon has certain limitations on how many elements it can be. The elements work in a rock, paper, scissors way of play: Fire being strong against storm, but being weak to water. Storm being strong against water, but weak to fire. Water being strong against fire, but being weak to storm. The goal of the game is to raise a dragon to compete in the Arena with the aim of being the best dragonsage in the land. The higher the rank, the tougher the competition and the more prize money involved. The player can move around the map as needed, but the entirety of the game takes place within a single city.

The game supports two-player combat as well, with two modes, regular and quick battle. Quick battle allows for pre-registered dragons to be used as opposed to having to raise the player's own and is comparable to the Battle Now mode of Pokémon Colosseum.

**Battle**

The battles of Dragon Seeds are fought in traditional 1 vs 1 matches, on a semi rotating screen between the player and the challenger's dragons. The battle is fought in turn-based rock, paper, scissors rotations with a timer that counts down during each player's phase of action. The player can command the dragon to either move forward, backward, use a physical or magical attack, defend, or taunt. The player must equip the dragon with a weapon and shield, called a reflector, for the dragon to be able to enter combat. In battle, there are 3 main positions in which the dragon can be in: Close, Mid, and Far range. Each dragon can be at max 2 ranges apart from their opponent. Only at close range can a dragon successfully perform a physical attack. At mid and far ranges, the dragon can perform magical attacks attuned with their element, or taunt. The player must choose correct judgment and a bit of luck to win battles successfully.

During battle, if the player anticipates defeat, they have the option to forfeit the match. Forfeiting will cause the player to lose, but will spare their dragon's life. If the dragon's HP reaches 0, it has the possibility of dying. If the player's dragon dies during a battle it will be lost permanently, however if its DNA cell it was last in is empty it might still have the DNA remnants in it and there is a chance it can be re-synthesized to the last point it was in the cell, but it loses the weapons it had.

**Types**

There are 6 different types of dragons: Saurian, Winged, Beetle, Crustacean, Wasp, and Natura, plus two, Spirit and Evil, which are secret and are unlocked after fulfilling special conditions. Out of these types, there are three flavors of dragon per type; called Normal, Super and Mutant, with different appearances. For example, the Saurian dragons can come in either Red or Blue coloration with slightly different spike orientation. Their evolutions are also affected by which flavor the player receives.

* The Saurian dragons are dinosauric dragons which are bipedal and evolve into more fierce-looking versions of themselves, gaining spikes and size. Saurian dragons are able to be in all 3 of the element types.
* The Winged Dragons are the most reminiscent of true dragons in the game. They are, as their name states, dragons with wings. They are always in the air until they die. One version of the Winged Dragon has only one eye, like a cyclops. Their evolutions are slightly bigger versions with immense wings. Some resemble birds more than reptiles. They are not limited to any elements, they can become all three.
* The Beetle dragons are shaped nothing like mythical dragons but are described as "myriopods". They have 4-6 legs they stand on and use two to wield their weapon and reflector. Their evolutions are bigger, more armored versions of themselves. They are limited to Fire and Storm elements.
* The Crustacean Dragons also do not look like reptilian dragons, but have the front part of a crab as their head/body including claws and their legs are composed of small legs in a circle that undulate in and out as it moves and/or stands. Their evolutions are taller and fiercer versions of themselves. Their elements are limited to Aqua.
* The Wasp dragon is shaped like a slightly advanced bee, with a more defined separation between the thorax and abdomen. They are continuously flying and hold their weapon and reflector in two of their six legs. Their evolutions are fiercer versions of themselves. They only come in aqua and storm elements.
* Natura dragons are a statuesque type, resembling humanoid robots with a huge oval for a torso. Some varieties have one eye. Their evolutions are bulkier versions of themselves. They only come in Storm elements, like robots.
* Spirit dragons are often humanoid, but having heads or tails of animals. They usually have two arms and always are floating in midair.
* Evil dragons are possibly the furthest depiction from a traditional dragon. They are usually living doors or gateways, such as wooden doors and coffins with arms. They float in midair and evolve into larger, more elaborate objects.

**Synthesis and evolution**

Dragons are made by DNA synthesis in a genetics lab. This is done by choosing a dragon type and then combining given phrases to specify the element/stats. Certain phrases give more power than others, or rather produce more specialized effects. They can also determine what flavor of dragon type the player receives. There are four evolutions generally, from Baby, to Adult, Senior, then Old. The dragon will cocoon itself for a small amount of time when undergoing each transformation. However, each type of dragon also has the potential to undergo a fifth evolution to become a "mutant dragon" which is uber but will die in a short while or the ultimate legendary sixth evolution to a "super dragon", which is described as a status where the dragon becomes immortal, and ceases to age. Dragons of this caliber are far from their traditional forms, mostly resembling humanoid spirits. They are encountered in the game's top tier battles. As a bonus, the game allows for memory card synthesis of dragons. If the player has another memory card inserted into the second slot with save data from certain PlayStation games (such as *Tekken 3*, *Croc*, or *Crash Bandicoot 2*) they can then enter a corresponding code in-game to receive a special dragon.

## Story

The Story begins in an unknown world (supposedly Earth) where scientists have discovered an unknown remnant of DNA with no classification. Several years later they identify it and call it a "dragon". Soon after, an entire dragon is successfully cloned from the remnant. Dragons are mass-produced via cloning labs, and dragon sparring has become a popular sport. The player is shown a picture of Warm City, the player's new home, and has supposedly come to this city to make a name for themselves in the sport of dragon battling.

When the player starts the game, they are introduced to the battle system via a story relevant tutorial. The player receives a saurian dragon pre-equipped with a weapon and a reflector. A powerful dragonsage comes by and shows the player character his dragon and asks to spar. He doesn't take no for an answer. It is impossible to defeat this dragon and as a result the player's dragon dies. You can then go to the Cloning Lab and are able to raise as many dragons as you want. The goal of the game is to win in tournaments and get up to the highest rank to defeat the man who first defeated you. Winning in tournaments gives the player money, prestige, and access to better equipment as well. Inside this world, there is an in-game clock and calendar that changes with time passed in the various locations on the map. The day begins at 6 AM and ends at 9 PM, when the player is assumed to sleep. Shops and tourneys close at certain times of the day, so there is a limit on how much the player can accomplish in one day. Tourneys end at 3 PM, and each tourney depending on the rank challenged could take up at least 3 hours of in game time. The player can also choose to speed up time by choosing to sleep at their apartment for a number of hours or a day. There are a few major areas in the city in which the player has access to, each with a notable NPC. They include the cloning lab, an apartment for item and money storage, a weapon/shield shop, the official arena, the junk shop for discount/rare weapons, the sanctuary for capturing/releasing dragons, a training area, and an unofficial arena for battling.

## Reception

The game received "mixed" reviews according to the review aggregation website GameRankings. *Next Generation* said that "the heart of any breeding/combat simulation is very basic, and it's the only window dressing that separates *Monster Rancher* from *Lemonade Stand*," and that the game was "little more than a minimalist polygon engine grafted on top of a series of static screens." In Japan, *Famitsu* gave it a score of 28 out of 40.

## InfoBox

| Dragonseeds | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Jaleco |
| Publisher(s) | Jaleco |
| Composer(s) | Kenichi Arakawa, Ryo Yamazaki |
| Platform(s) | PlayStation |
| Release | * JP: August 6, 1998 * NA: September 30, 1998 |
| Genre(s) | Tactical, raising/construction |
| Mode(s) | Single-player, multiplayer |