abstract: This is a list of electoral results for the Division of Calwell in Australian federal elections from the division's creation in 1984 until the present.

text:
# Electoral results for the Division of Calwell

This is a list of **electoral results for the Division of Calwell** in Australian federal elections from the division's creation in 1984 until the present.

## Members

| Member | | Party | Term |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Andrew Theophanous | Labor | 1984–2000 |
|  | | Independent | 2000–2001 |
|  | Maria Vamvakinou | Labor | 2001–present |

## Election results

### Elections in the 2020s

#### 2022

2022 Australian federal election: Calwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Maria Vamvakinou | 38,127 | 44.86 | −9.57 |
|  | Liberal | Tim Staker-Gunn | 20,111 | 23.66 | −0.63 |
|  | Greens | Natalie Abboud | 8,277 | 9.74 | +3.01 |
|  | United Australia | Joshua Naim | 7,578 | 8.92 | +5.45 |
|  | One Nation | Mark Preston | 5,957 | 7.01 | +7.01 |
|  | Victorian Socialists | Jerome Small | 3,433 | 4.04 | −0.74 |
|  | Australian Federation | Maria Bengtsson | 1,512 | 1.78 | +1.78 |
| Total formal votes | | | 84,995 | 93.69 | +3.03 |
| Informal votes | | | 5,724 | 6.31 | −3.03 |
| Turnout | | | 90,719 | 85.02 | −1.04 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Maria Vamvakinou | 53,032 | 62.39 | −7.23 |
|  | Liberal | Tim Staker-Gunn | 31,963 | 37.61 | +7.23 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | −7.23 |  |

### Elections in the 2010s

#### 2019

2019 Australian federal election: Calwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Maria Vamvakinou | 47,115 | 53.88 | −4.80 |
|  | Liberal | Genevieve Hamilton | 21,978 | 25.13 | −0.52 |
|  | Greens | Polly Morgan | 5,893 | 6.74 | −1.27 |
|  | Victorian Socialists | Jerome Small | 3,984 | 4.56 | +4.56 |
|  | United Australia | Prakul Chhabra | 3,037 | 3.47 | +3.47 |
|  | Citizens Electoral Council | Keith Kerr | 2,851 | 3.26 | +3.26 |
|  | Conservative National | Adam Vail | 1,771 | 2.03 | +2.03 |
|  | Socialist Equality | Peter Byrne | 823 | 0.94 | +0.94 |
| Total formal votes | | | 87,452 | 90.78 | −2.34 |
| Informal votes | | | 8,884 | 9.22 | +2.34 |
| Turnout | | | 96,336 | 89.61 | +4.25 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Maria Vamvakinou | 60,164 | 68.80 | −0.93 |
|  | Liberal | Genevieve Hamilton | 27,288 | 31.20 | +0.93 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | −0.93 |  |

#### 2016

2016 Australian federal election: Calwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Maria Vamvakinou | 51,040 | 56.81 | +7.00 |
|  | Liberal | John Hsu *(disendorsed)* | 24,855 | 27.66 | −0.83 |
|  | Greens | Natalie Abboud | 7,609 | 8.47 | +3.08 |
|  | Animal Justice | Megan Searls | 3,229 | 3.59 | +3.59 |
|  | Independent | Michael Lakkis | 3,115 | 3.47 | +3.47 |
| Total formal votes | | | 89,848 | 93.46 | +1.38 |
| Informal votes | | | 6,286 | 6.54 | −1.38 |
| Turnout | | | 96,134 | 87.87 | −3.06 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Maria Vamvakinou | 60,978 | 67.87 | +4.01 |
|  | Liberal | John Hsu | 28,870 | 32.13 | −4.01 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +4.01 |  |

Notes

#### 2013

2013 Australian federal election: Calwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Maria Vamvakinou | 42,819 | 49.81 | −7.80 |
|  | Liberal | Ali Khan | 24,490 | 28.49 | +2.97 |
|  | Greens | Joanna Nevill | 4,632 | 5.39 | −5.80 |
|  | Palmer United | Bryce Letcher | 3,728 | 4.34 | +4.34 |
|  | Sex Party | Nevena Spirovska | 2,367 | 2.75 | +2.75 |
|  | Family First | Paul Graham | 2,175 | 2.53 | −2.15 |
|  | Christians | Maria Bengtsson | 2,121 | 2.47 | +2.47 |
|  | Katter's Australian | Brett Watson | 1,915 | 2.23 | +2.23 |
|  | Democratic Labour | Omar Jabir | 1,310 | 1.52 | +1.52 |
|  | Rise Up Australia | Charles Rozario | 415 | 0.48 | +0.48 |
| Total formal votes | | | 85,972 | 92.08 | −0.91 |
| Informal votes | | | 7,398 | 7.92 | +0.91 |
| Turnout | | | 93,370 | 90.93 | −1.23 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Maria Vamvakinou | 54,906 | 63.86 | −6.20 |
|  | Liberal | Ali Khan | 31,066 | 36.14 | +6.20 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | −6.20 |  |

#### 2010

2010 Australian federal election: Calwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Maria Vamvakinou | 49,580 | 56.63 | −3.59 |
|  | Liberal | Wayne Tseng | 22,556 | 25.76 | −0.79 |
|  | Greens | Lenka Thompson | 10,386 | 11.86 | +7.50 |
|  | Family First | Jeff Truscott | 3,851 | 4.40 | +0.06 |
|  | Socialist Equality | Peter Byrne | 1,181 | 1.35 | +1.03 |
| Total formal votes | | | 87,554 | 93.47 | −1.68 |
| Informal votes | | | 6,114 | 6.53 | +1.68 |
| Turnout | | | 93,668 | 92.45 | −2.39 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Maria Vamvakinou | 61,045 | 69.72 | +0.39 |
|  | Liberal | Wayne Tseng | 26,509 | 30.28 | −0.39 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +0.39 |  |

### Elections in the 2000s

#### 2007

2007 Australian federal election: Calwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Maria Vamvakinou | 51,952 | 60.22 | +10.21 |
|  | Liberal | Dianne Livett | 22,906 | 26.55 | −10.62 |
|  | Greens | Brook Shaune | 3,761 | 4.36 | −0.90 |
|  | Family First | Arthur Buller | 3,747 | 4.34 | +1.98 |
|  | Citizens Electoral Council | Sleiman Yohanna | 1,817 | 2.11 | −0.09 |
|  | Democrats | Vanessa Musolino | 799 | 0.93 | −0.56 |
|  | Independent | Philip Cutler | 624 | 0.72 | +0.72 |
|  | Independent | Don Hampshire | 391 | 0.45 | +0.45 |
|  | Socialist Equality | Frank Gaglioti | 273 | 0.32 | +0.32 |
| Total formal votes | | | 86,270 | 95.15 | +0.39 |
| Informal votes | | | 4,399 | 4.85 | −0.39 |
| Turnout | | | 90,669 | 94.82 | −0.53 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Maria Vamvakinou | 59,807 | 69.33 | +11.14 |
|  | Liberal | Dianne Livett | 26,463 | 30.67 | −11.14 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +11.14 |  |

#### 2004

2004 Australian federal election: Calwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Maria Vamvakinou | 39,692 | 50.01 | −2.31 |
|  | Liberal | Dianne Livett | 29,504 | 37.17 | +8.60 |
|  | Greens | Mohamad Alman | 4,175 | 5.26 | +1.91 |
|  | Family First | Gary Canham | 1,870 | 2.36 | +2.36 |
|  | Citizens Electoral Council | Sleiman Yohanna | 1,745 | 2.20 | +1.72 |
|  | Independent | Denis Towers | 1,202 | 1.51 | +1.51 |
|  | Democrats | Jonathon Gatt | 1,180 | 1.49 | −2.91 |
| Total formal votes | | | 79,368 | 94.76 | +0.33 |
| Informal votes | | | 4,391 | 5.24 | −0.33 |
| Turnout | | | 83,759 | 95.35 | +0.73 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Maria Vamvakinou | 46,184 | 58.19 | −7.04 |
|  | Liberal | Dianne Livett | 33,184 | 41.81 | +7.04 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | −7.04 |  |

#### 2001

2001 Australian federal election: Calwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Maria Vamvakinou | 45,203 | 51.85 | −10.50 |
|  | Liberal | Darren Buller | 22,020 | 25.26 | −1.06 |
|  | Independent | Andrew Theophanous | 8,392 | 9.63 | +9.63 |
|  | Democrats | Robert Livesay | 3,356 | 3.85 | −2.84 |
|  | No GST | John Abbotto | 3,074 | 3.53 | +3.53 |
|  | Greens | Bee Barker | 2,105 | 2.41 | +2.41 |
|  | Independent | D. Dervish | 2,003 | 2.30 | +2.30 |
|  |  | Mohamed Bochi | 555 | 0.64 | +0.64 |
|  | Citizens Electoral Council | Sleiman Yohanna | 465 | 0.53 | +0.53 |
| Total formal votes | | | 87,173 | 93.56 | −3.00 |
| Informal votes | | | 6,005 | 6.44 | +3.00 |
| Turnout | | | 93,178 | 95.28 | +0.73 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Maria Vamvakinou | 59,044 | 67.73 | −1.25 |
|  | Liberal | Darren Buller | 28,129 | 32.27 | +1.25 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | −1.25 |  |

### Elections in the 1990s

#### 1998

1998 Australian federal election: Calwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Andrew Theophanous | 50,022 | 62.36 | +1.02 |
|  | Liberal | Trevor Blake | 21,111 | 26.32 | −2.52 |
|  | Democrats | Robert Livesay | 5,363 | 6.69 | −0.25 |
|  | Unity | Benal Keceli | 2,968 | 3.70 | +3.70 |
|  | Natural Law | Michael Harris | 755 | 0.94 | +0.21 |
| Total formal votes | | | 80,219 | 96.55 | +0.31 |
| Informal votes | | | 2,864 | 3.45 | −0.31 |
| Turnout | | | 83,083 | 95.15 | −0.48 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Andrew Theophanous | 55,334 | 68.98 | +1.78 |
|  | Liberal | Trevor Blake | 24,885 | 31.02 | −1.78 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +1.78 |  |

#### 1996

1996 Australian federal election: Calwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Andrew Theophanous | 43,986 | 61.33 | −1.55 |
|  | Liberal | Bill Willis | 20,679 | 28.83 | −0.83 |
|  | Democrats | Robert Livesay | 4,975 | 6.94 | +4.04 |
|  |  | Sue Phillips | 1,554 | 2.17 | +2.17 |
|  | Natural Law | Richard Barnes | 522 | 0.73 | +0.13 |
| Total formal votes | | | 71,716 | 96.24 | −0.23 |
| Informal votes | | | 2,800 | 3.76 | +0.23 |
| Turnout | | | 74,516 | 95.63 | −0.46 |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Andrew Theophanous | 48,067 | 67.19 | +0.08 |
|  | Liberal | Bill Willis | 23,467 | 32.81 | −0.08 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +0.08 |  |

#### 1993

1993 Australian federal election: Calwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Andrew Theophanous | 48,749 | 64.53 | +19.01 |
|  | Liberal | Dianne Livett | 21,752 | 28.79 | −4.01 |
|  | Democrats | David Mackay | 2,140 | 2.83 | −9.20 |
|  | Independent | Veronica Rodenburg | 1,373 | 1.82 | +1.82 |
|  | Against Further Immigration | Rod Spencer | 1,013 | 1.34 | +1.34 |
|  | Natural Law | Sandy Price | 522 | 0.69 | +0.69 |
| Total formal votes | | | 75,549 | 96.26 | +1.82 |
| Informal votes | | | 2,936 | 3.74 | −1.82 |
| Turnout | | | 78,485 | 96.09 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Andrew Theophanous | 51,672 | 68.44 | +11.37 |
|  | Liberal | Dianne Livett | 23,831 | 31.56 | −11.37 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | +11.37 |  |

#### 1990

1990 Australian federal election: Calwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Andrew Theophanous | 29,466 | 45.5 | −12.6 |
|  | Liberal | Dianne Livett | 21,232 | 32.8 | +2.7 |
|  | Democrats | Doug Lorman | 7,791 | 12.0 | +2.1 |
|  | Independent | Jack Culpin | 4,493 | 6.9 | +6.9 |
|  | Call to Australia | Rob Lukanic | 1,751 | 2.7 | +2.7 |
| Total formal votes | | | 64,733 | 94.4 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 3,815 | 5.6 |  |
| Turnout | | | 68,548 | 95.2 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Andrew Theophanous | 36,875 | 57.1 | −8.5 |
|  | Liberal | Dianne Livett | 27,744 | 42.9 | +8.5 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | −8.5 |  |

### Elections in the 1980s

#### 1987

1987 Australian federal election: Calwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Andrew Theophanous | 36,614 | 61.1 | −7.7 |
|  | Liberal | Chris Dimitrijevic | 16,244 | 27.1 | +2.2 |
|  | Democrats | Louise Stewart | 5,938 | 9.9 | +5.2 |
|  | National | Ivan Pavlekovich-Smith | 1,130 | 1.9 | +1.9 |
| Total formal votes | | | 59,926 | 90.1 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 6,555 | 9.9 |  |
| Turnout | | | 66,481 | 96.0 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Andrew Theophanous | 41,077 | 68.6 | −3.6 |
|  | Liberal | Chris Dimitrijevic | 18,807 | 31.4 | +3.6 |
|  | Labor **hold** | | **Swing** | −3.6 |  |

#### 1984

1984 Australian federal election: Calwell
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labor | Andrew Theophanous | 36,660 | 68.8 | +0.6 |
|  | Liberal | Graham Andersen | 13,277 | 24.9 | +0.1 |
|  | Democrats | Lesley Ellen | 2,502 | 4.7 | +0.0 |
|  | Democratic Labor | Martin Mulholland | 870 | 1.6 | +1.6 |
| Total formal votes | | | 53,309 | 87.0 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 7,979 | 13.0 |  |
| Turnout | | | 61,288 | 95.4 |  |
| Two-party-preferred result | | | | | |
|  | Labor | Andrew Theophanous | 38,474 | 72.2 | +0.0 |
|  | Liberal | Graham Andersen | 14,830 | 27.8 | −0.0 |
|  | Labor **notional hold** | | **Swing** | +0.0 |  |

1. Calwell, VIC, *2022 Tally Room*, Australian Electoral Commission.
2. Calwell, VIC, Tally Room 2019, Australian Electoral Commission.
3. Calwell, VIC, Virtual Tally Room 2016, Australian Electoral Commission.
4. "John Hsu: Liberal candidate for Calwell resigns over brothel revelations". *ABC News*. 11 June 2016. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
5. 2013 results for Calwell, AEC.
6. "2010 results for Calwell". AEC.


title: Atherstone rail accident

abstract: The Atherstone rail accident happened near Atherstone railway station in the small hours of the morning of 16 November 1860, and killed 10 people. A special cattle train from Holyhead to London via Peterborough was shunting just south of Atherstone station to let the Scotch mail train pass. Before the cattle train could clear the main line, the mail train struck it. The four rear carriages of the cattle train were 'shivered to pieces' killing all nine Irish drovers who were asleep in the brake van and the fireman of the mail train, James Sherry. 29 cattle were killed or had to be slaughtered soon afterwards. The Duke and Duchess of Montrose were passengers on the mail train but escaped without injury. The driver of the mail train was not aware that a cattle train was ahead of him when they left Tamworth and claimed he had not seen the advance signal at all approaching Atherstone station, but did not worry as he was not aware of there being a train ahead of him. By the time he saw a red signal just before the station he immediately applied the brakes but it was too late to avoid the collision. The enquiry criticized the decision to allow the cattle train to leave Tamworth ahead of the mail train without allowing sufficient time to clear the lines at Atherstone, and of the failure to warn the mail train driver about the train ahead of him. It also criticized the driver for not seeing the advance red signal. A further recommendation was that in future in cattle trains drovers' vans be placed in front of the cattle trucks instead of behind them.

text:
# Atherstone rail accident

The **Atherstone rail accident** happened near Atherstone railway station in the small hours of the morning of 16 November 1860, and killed 10 people.

A special cattle train from Holyhead to London via Peterborough was shunting just south of Atherstone station to let the Scotch mail train pass. Before the cattle train could clear the main line, the mail train struck it. The four rear carriages of the cattle train were 'shivered to pieces' killing all nine Irish drovers who were asleep in the brake van and the fireman of the mail train, James Sherry. 29 cattle were killed or had to be slaughtered soon afterwards. The Duke and Duchess of Montrose were passengers on the mail train but escaped without injury.

The driver of the mail train was not aware that a cattle train was ahead of him when they left Tamworth (the preceding station) and claimed he had not seen the advance signal at all approaching Atherstone station, but did not worry as he was not aware of there being a train ahead of him. By the time he saw a red signal just before the station he immediately applied the brakes but it was too late to avoid the collision.

The enquiry criticized the decision to allow the cattle train to leave Tamworth ahead of the mail train without allowing sufficient time to clear the lines at Atherstone, and of the failure to warn the mail train driver about the train ahead of him. It also criticized the driver for not seeing the advance red signal. A further recommendation was that in future in cattle trains drovers' vans be placed in front of the cattle trucks instead of behind them.

## Sources

* Watts, Brenda; Winyard, Eleanor (1988). *The History of Atherstone*. pp. 96–97. ISBN 0-948087-12-9.
* "Frightful Accident on the Trent Valley Railway". *The Times*. 17 November 1860. p. 7.
* "The Trent Valley Railway Collision". *The Times*. 26 November 1860. p. 7.

## InfoBox

| Atherstone rail accident | |
| --- | --- |
| Details | |
| Date | 16 November 1860 <br>02:05 |
| Location | Atherstone railway station |
| Coordinates | 52°34′26″N 1°32′49″W / 52.574°N 1.547°W / 52.574; -1.547 |
| Country | England |
| Line | Trent Valley Line |
| Cause | Signal passed at danger |
| Statistics | |
| Trains | 2 |
| Deaths | 10 |
| Injured | 13 |
| List of UK rail accidents by year | |


# 1996 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's 1500 metres

The women's 1500 metres event at the 1996 World Junior Championships in Athletics was held in Sydney, Australia, at International Athletic Centre on 23 and 25 August. The first of these championships was won by anna lopaciuch

## Medalists

| **Gold** | Kutre Dulecha
*Ethiopia* |
| --- | --- |
| **Silver** | Jackline Maranga
*Kenya* |
| **Bronze** | Shura Hotesa
*Ethiopia* |

## Results

### Final

25 August

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Kutre Dulecha | Ethiopia | **4:08.65** |  |
|  | Jackline Maranga | Kenya | **4:08.98** |  |
|  | Shura Hotesa | Ethiopia | **4:09.49** |  |
| 4 | Rose Kosgei | Kenya | **4:10.64** |  |
| 5 | Lidia Chojecka | Poland | **4:11.36** |  |
| 6 | Brigitta Tusai | Hungary | **4:13.59** |  |
| 7 | Anita Weyermann | Switzerland | **4:13.67** |  |
| 8 | Lavinia Miroiu | Romania | **4:14.68** |  |
| 9 | Rocío Rodríguez | Spain | **4:17.46** |  |
| 10 | Claudia Colita | Romania | **4:18.65** |  |
| 11 | Bouchra Benthami | Morocco | **4:18.82** |  |
| 12 | Svetlana Berdysheva | Russia | **4:22.61** |  |

### Heats

23 August

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Jackline Maranga | Kenya | **4:20.17** | **Q** |
| 2 | Shura Hotesa | Ethiopia | **4:20.20** | **Q** |
| 3 | Lidia Chojecka | Poland | **4:20.46** | **Q** |
| 4 | Anita Weyermann | Switzerland | **4:20.76** | **Q** |
| 5 | Claudia Colita | Romania | **4:21.63** | **q** |
| 6 | Zhang Jinqing | China | **4:24.31** |  |
| 7 | Vanessa Galán | Spain | **4:25.06** |  |
| 8 | Sonja Roman | Slovenia | **4:26.14** |  |
| 9 | Kristine Jost | United States | **4:26.78** |  |
| 10 | Tania Fransissi | Luxembourg | **4:28.44** |  |
| 11 | Jane Morapedi | Botswana | **4:58.74** |  |
|  | Heather DeGeest | Canada | **DNF** |  |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Kutre Dulecha | Ethiopia | **4:17.94** | **Q** |
| 2 | Rose Kosgei | Kenya | **4:18.29** | **Q** |
| 3 | Lavinia Miroiu | Romania | **4:18.83** | **Q** |
| 4 | Brigitta Tusai | Hungary | **4:19.04** | **Q** |
| 5 | Svetlana Berdysheva | Russia | **4:19.05** | **q** |
| 6 | Bouchra Benthami | Morocco | **4:19.93** | **q** |
| 7 | Rocío Rodríguez | Spain | **4:20.28** | **q** |
| 8 | Anna Lopaciuch | Poland | **4:27.27** |  |
| 9 | Jessica Totaro | United States | **4:28.77** |  |
| 10 | Aurélie Roux | France | **4:29.56** |  |
| 11 | Nao Takenaka | Japan | **4:29.79** |  |
| 12 | Veronique Bingouma | Gabon | **5:06.55** |  |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 24 athletes from 18 countries participated in the event.


title: 1996 Cape Verdean presidential election

text:
# 1996 Cape Verdean presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Cape Verde on 18 February 1996. Only one candidate, incumbent António Mascarenhas Monteiro of the Movement for Democracy, contested the election. He was re-elected with around 92.1% of the vote.

## Results

| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | António Mascarenhas Monteiro | Movement for Democracy | 81,821 | 92.11 |
| Against | | | 7,012 | 7.89 |
| Total | | | 88,833 | 100.00 |
|  | | | | |
| Valid votes | | | 88,833 | 97.92 |
| Invalid/blank votes | | | 1,884 | 2.08 |
| Total votes | | | 90,717 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | | | 207,146 | 43.79 |
| Source: Nohlen *et al*. | | | | |

## InfoBox

1996 Cape Verdean presidential election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Registered | 207,146 |
| Turnout | 43.79% |
| Nominee **António Mascarenhas Monteiro**    Party MpD   Popular vote **81,821**   Percentage **92.11%** | |
| ---  **President before election**
António Monteiro
MpD **Elected President**
António Monteiro
MpD | |


title: Filip Cruseman

abstract: Filip Cruseman is a Swedish professional ice hockey player. He is currently an unrestricted free agent who most recently played with IF Björklöven in the HockeyAllsvenskan (Allsv). Cruseman made his Swedish Hockey League debut playing with Karlskrona HK during the 2013–14 SHL season.

text:
# Filip Cruseman

**Filip Cruseman** (born October 14, 1990) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player. He is currently an unrestricted free agent who most recently played with IF Björklöven in the HockeyAllsvenskan (Allsv).

Cruseman made his Swedish Hockey League debut playing with Karlskrona HK during the 2013–14 SHL season.

## InfoBox

| Filip Cruseman | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1990-10-14) October 14, 1990
Stockholm, Sweden | | |
| Height | 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) | | |
| Weight | 185 lb (84 kg; 13 st 3 lb) | | |
| Position | Forward | | |
| Shoots | Left | | |
| SHL team
Former teams | *Free Agent*
Karlskrona HK | | |
| Playing career | 2013present | | |


title: Bachelor Island (Washington)

abstract: Bachelor Island is an island in the U.S. state of Washington. It is located in the Columbia River near Ridgefield, just south of the mouth of the Lewis River and a few miles north of the mouth of the Willamette River. The island stretches from Columbia river mile 88 to 91.5. The northern end of Sauvie Island lies across the Columbia from Bachelor Island. Bachelor Island is separated from the mainland by Bachelor Island Slough and Lake River. Bachelor Island Slough separates from the Columbia River at Bachelor Point and the southern end of Bachelor Island. The slough joins Lake River, which empties into the Columbia River at the northern end of Bachelor Island. Most of Bachelor Island is part of the Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge.

text:
# Bachelor Island (Washington)

**Bachelor Island** is an island in the U.S. state of Washington. It is located in the Columbia River near Ridgefield, just south of the mouth of the Lewis River and a few miles north of the mouth of the Willamette River. The island stretches from Columbia river mile 88 to 91.5 (142 to 147 km). The northern end of Sauvie Island lies across the Columbia from Bachelor Island.

Bachelor Island is separated from the mainland by Bachelor Island Slough and Lake River. Bachelor Island Slough separates from the Columbia River at Bachelor Point and the southern end of Bachelor Island. The slough joins Lake River, which empties into the Columbia River at the northern end of Bachelor Island.

Most of Bachelor Island is part of the Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge.

## History

Lewis and Clark first called the island "Green Bryor Isd," when they passed it while traveled downriver in 1805. They changed the name to "Quathlahpotle Island" in 1806, during their return voyage upriver. The name honored a large village, "Quathlahpotle", of 14 wooden houses and 900 inhabitants on the mainland nearby.

In 1841 Charles Wilkes of the United States Exploring Expedition named the island "Pasainks Island". Bachelor Island Slough he called "Piscou Creek". It was sometimes called Columbia Island during the 19th century.

In 1849 or 1850 three bachelors took donation claims and settled on the island, giving rise to its present name, Bachelor Island.

45°49′15″N 122°46′35″W / 45.82083°N 122.77639°W / 45.82083; -122.77639


title: 14th & 15th century Africa

abstract: During the 200 year period between 1301 and 1500 the main civilizations and kingdoms in Africa were the Mali Empire, Kingdom of Kongo, Ife Empire, Benin Kingdom, Hausa City-states, Great Zimbabwe, Ethiopian Empire, Kilwa Sultanate, Khormans and the Ajuran Sultanate. These kingdoms flourished in the first part of this period, especially the Mali Empire, which saw a cultural flowering within its empire centred on the University of Timbuktu.

text:
# 14th & 15th century Africa

During the 200 year period between 1301 and 1500 (the 14th and 15th century) the main civilizations and kingdoms in Africa were the Mali Empire, Kingdom of Kongo, Ife Empire, Benin Kingdom, Hausa City-states, Great Zimbabwe, Ethiopian Empire, Kilwa Sultanate, Khormans and the Ajuran Sultanate. These kingdoms flourished in the first part of this period, especially the Mali Empire, which saw a cultural flowering within its empire centred on the University of Timbuktu.

## Trans-Saharan Trade

The years between 1100 and 1600 were known as the "golden age" of trade, when West African gold was in high demand. This led to an increase in the need and use for trade routes. From 1300 the Trans-Saharan trade routes were used for trade, travel, and scholarship.

Much of what scholars know of the Trans-Saharan trade routes comes from the historical writings of Muslim scholars such as Ibn Battuta and Leo Africanus who both crossed the Sahara Desert in the 14th and 15th centuries. These literary narratives combined with archaeological data provide much insight into 14th century trade.

### Geography

Throughout the 14th century, much of African trade revolved around the Trans-Saharan trade routes. Geographically, the Sahara Desert extends over 3.6 million square miles and is the second-largest desert on the planet behind Antarctica. While the Sahara Desert was often viewed as a barrier between the African countries, it actually linked them together rather than separated them.

#### Empires

While trade along the Trans-Sahara trade route was common in the 14th century, it was highly dependent on the powerful African Empires, such as the Mali Empire, Kingdom of Kongo, Benin Kingdom, Hausa City-states, Ife Empire, Great Zimbabwe, Ethiopian Empire, Kilwa Sultanate, and the Ajuran Sultanate.

### Muslim Influence

#### Ibn Battuta

In 1352–53, Ibn Battuta embarked on a pilgrimage from Morocco to the Mali empire. Throughout his travels, he described many aspech the salt mines of Taghaza. The town of Takeda in the Niger Bend was a centre for copper mining and trade in Egyptian goods, like cloth. The routes from Morocco to Egypt were large distribution centres for gold.

In his memoirs, Battuta also described the dangers of the trade routes. It took months for merchants to cross the Sahara Desert, and they faced challenges ranging from natural disasters to lost caravans. Travelers who ventured too far away from their caravans and got lost often died from the elements. If scouts died or strayed away from their groups, the caravans would get lost in the desert and wander. Even worse, natural disasters, such as sand storms or fluctuating temperatures, often forced merchants to abandon their goods to save their own lives, yet causing them to lose everything. In his memoir, Battuta described the Sahara as a "desert haunted by demons."

#### Mansa Musa

By the end of the 10th century, Islam had spread to many Northern and Western African empires. By the 14th century, empires such as Ghana and Mali, had strong ties with the Muslim world, and many of their most prominent leaders practiced the Muslim faith. Mali's most famous ruler, Mansa Musa, traveled across the Trans-Saharan trade routes on his pilgrimage to Mecca in 1325. Because Islam became so prominent in North and West Africa, many of the trade routes and caravan networks were controlled by Muslim nations. In the 14th century, prominent trade and travel routes had been firmly established.

### Trade Goods

During the 14th century, and later the 15th century, the primary trading goods along the Trans-Saharan trade routes were gold, salt, precious metals, such as copper and iron, ivory, spices, materials, such as skins, cloth, and leather, and also slaves.

#### Trade Routes

Trade among the Sahara Desert was highly influenced by the prominent Western empires and the local people living along the trade routes. In the 10th-15th centuries the major empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay influenced many of the trade practices. These powerful empires would extend their hand of power over African trade by directing trade routes through the major cities and taxing the travelling merchants and their goods. Through the power of the empires, many of the trade routes were secured and the merchant profession became a prosperous one. When travelling, traders could travel individually or in groups, or they could attach themselves to an annual caravan.

Along the trade routes, local or residential tribes would establish and maintain resting posts for the traveling merchants. The scouts often used these trading posts to guide the caravans along the correct trade routes.

## The Spread of Islam

Since the origin of the religion, Islam has had an evident influence in the culture where its followers would inhabit. Since the religion affects major aspects of its follower's lifestyle, this convert-focused religion would influence family values, social conduct, and even judicial practices of the surrounding communities. As Muslims conquered more land, the practices of Islam would spread wherever they went. Islam primarily spread its influence to the Northern and Eastern coast of Africa.

### Northern Africa

After the Nomadic Almohad peoples overthrew the Almoravids of Spain and North Africa, by the 13th century its government had collapsed from within and split into 3 different states, consisting of both Almoravid and Almohad groups. Then in 1415, the Spanish Reconquista forced most of the Muslims out of Spain and into North Africa. During this transition from the Almohad empire to the Muslim tri-state era, trade between Europe and North Africa increased the wealth of the primarily Muslim region, as well as their ability to maintain power in the Sahara. Their control of the gold trade routes led to the rise of the great Mali empire.

## The Mali Empire

The Mali Empire was one of the great empires of West Africa, reaching its peak in the 14th century. Mali was founded by the legendary Sundiata Keita in approximately 1230 after defeating the Sosso at the battle of Krina. Its capital was at Niani, in modern Guinea. After Sundiata's death in 1255, the kingship remained in the Keita family line until 1285. In 1285, after a series of weak kings, a freed slave named Sakura took the throne. Sakura was an effective ruler, but died while returning from his pilgrimage to Mecca.

### 14th Century Mali

The Mali Empire's entrance into the 14th century was heralded by a return of the throne to the Keita family line with the reign of Mansa (king) Qu. Mansa Qu's successor was his son, Mansa Muhammad.

#### Mansa Musa

In 1312 the most famous Malian king, Mansa Musa, came to power. Mansa Musa's reign marks the golden age of the Mali empire, spreading its territory and fame far and wide. Under Mansa Musa, the empire reached as far as the Atlantic Ocean in the West and past the trading cities of Timbuktu and Gao in the East, encompassing the past kingdom of Ghana in its entirety, and was home to an estimated five to ten million people.

##### Pilgrimage to Mecca

Mansa Musa's global renown came as a result of his Hajj in 1324. He set out with a vast entourage across the Sahara desert toward Mecca. In Cairo, he initially refused to visit the sultan, as the tradition at the time was for the visitor to bow before him, and Musa believed himself to be of superior rank and power. Eventually, he made a compromise and bowed before Allah in the presence of the sultan. After the encounter, the sultan honoured Mansa Musa by inviting him to sit beside him as an equal, and they spoke for some time.

According to the Islamic writer Al-Umari, Mansa Musa brought with him no less than 100 camels laden with 300 pounds of gold each, as well as 60,000 people wearing silk, 12,000 servants, and 500 gold-staff bearing slaves before him.

> "Let me add that gold in Egypt had enjoyed a high rate of exchange up to the moment of their \[Mansa Musa's\] arrival. The gold medal that year had not fallen below twenty-five drachmas. But from that day onward, its value dwindled; the exchange was ruined, and even now it has not recovered. The mitqal scarcely touches twenty-two drachmas. That is how it has been for twelve years from that time, because of the great amounts of gold they brought into Egypt and spent there." — Al Umari

##### Mansa Musa's Legacy

On his return journey back to Mali, Mansa Musa brought with him many scholars, artisans, architects, and other men of learning. They built many magnificent structures, including the mosque of Gao, and buildings in Timbuktu. He also established a diplomatic relationship with the sultan of Morocco, with the two kings mutually sending ambassadors to the other's court. Mansa Musa had a lifelong dedication to education and sent many young men to be educated at the university in Fez, Morocco who eventually returned and began Quranic schools and universities in many Malian cities, namely Timbuktu. The tale of the wealth of the Mansa of Mali spread far around the globe, making the Malian Empire one of the most famous African empires of its time—even being featured on ancient European maps. Mansa Musa has been claimed to have been the richest person to have ever lived, with an estimated net worth adjusted for inflation of $400 billion (as of 2012). Mansa Musa's reign ushered in a time of peace and prosperity in Mali that would last through the reign of his eventual successor, Mansa Suleyman.

#### Mansa Maghan

Mansa Maghan was the son of Mansa Musa, and was not a skilled leader. He ruled as Mansa of Mali beginning in 1337 but was in power for only four years before his uncle and Mansa Musa's brother, Suleyman Keita, became emperor in 1341. There was some question as to whether Suleyman had a hand in Maghan's deposition, and some internal conflict resulted from the change in leadership.

#### Mansa Suleyman Keita

Mansa Suleyman Keita succeeded Mansa Maghan, and was a proficient ruler, though his reign was not as peaceful as Mansa Musa's, and some land east of Timbuktu and Gao was lost to the Songhai people. Despite the growing unrest in the region, Mali still enjoyed a great level of political stability and security as noted by the famed Islamic explorer and writer Ibn Battuta, who visited Mali in 1352.

> "The negroes possess some admirable qualities. They are seldom unjust and have a greater abhorrence of injustice than any other people. Their sultan \[the Mansa\] shows no mercy to anyone guilty o the least act of it. There is complete security in their country. Neither traveller nor inhabitant has anything to fear from robbers or men of violence." — Ibn Battuta

The death of Mansa Suleyman marked the beginning of the period of decline in the Mali Empire. The time leading into the 15th century was characterized by weak rulers, short reigns, and disputes over succession.

### 15th Century Mali

Though the Mali Empire was now in the hands of weak kings, it continued to exist well into the 15th century. Timbuktu was an important point of both trade and learning in Imperial Mali, so its loss to Tuareg Berbers in 1433 was a significant blow to the weakening state. In addition to Tuareg rebellion, the Mossi people revolted and began raiding towns deep within Mali. Eventually, the city of Gao in the East broke off from Mali, as did the Wolof cities along the coast in the West. Throughout the 15th century, Mali progressively shrunk in size as many of its territories abandoned the empire, though it continued existing as an independent entity well into the 16th century. However, in 1546, the Songhai kingdom sacked Mali's capital, Niani, formally ending Mali's rule as an independent empire.

## 14th and 15th Century Marinid Dynasty

### Origins

The **Marinid dynasty** was composed of Berber tribes of the race of the Zenetes (Zenatas), as opposed to the Hilalian Arabs, and were under the rule of the Almohads. But early in the 12th century, they turned against a weakening Almohad to build a dynasty that lasted nearly two centuries. With the defeat of the last of the Almohads and the capture of Marrakech in 1269, the Marīnids, under Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb, became masters of Morocco.

### Holy War on the Iberian Peninsula and Northern Africa

During the 14th century the Marinids expanded their control in Northern Africa and fought Holy Wars with the Christians on the Iberian Peninsula. Marinids viewed jihad as the duty of Muslim sovereignty and to strengthened the dynasty. During the reign of Abu Sa'id Uthman II, the Marinids extended their authority over the Middle Maghrib. They also crossed into al-Andalus in response to a request from the governor of Granada. Abu Sa'id was succeeded by his son, Abu-l-Hasan 'Ali ibn 'Uthman, who seized Tilmisan in 1332. In 1333, Abd al-Malik, crossed the Straits of Gibraltar and defeated the Castilians who occupied the region since 1309. When Abd al-Malik died his father, Abu al-Hasan, led another invasion in 1340 onto the Iberian Peninsula but was defeated by a coalition of forces from Castile and Portugal at the Salado River. While the war helped unite the Muslim Naṣrid dynasty of Granada and slowed the advance of the Christians toward the Strait of Gibraltar, no land was taken from the Christians. This defeat significantly changed the balance of power in favour of Christians forcing the Marinids to retreat to Morocco and to abandon their objective of domination of the Iberian Peninsula.

In addition to invasions on the Iberian Peninsula, the Marinids wanted to control the central Maghreb and Ifriqiya. Their first attacks were against the Abdalwadids of Tlemcen, the Marinids immediate neighbours to the east, whom they invade several times. In 1337 Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī, one of the Marīnid sultans, tried to restore the Almonad empire. He captured the Tunisia capital of Tilimsān (Tlemcen) but was unable to defeat the Ḥafṣid. But in 1347, Abu-l-Hasan 'Ali ibn 'Uthman also captured Tunis and the Hafsid amir. He later also captured Barqa and Tarablus. During this time the Marinids united all of the Maghrib under one government. This expansion was temporary because the following year, Abu-l-Hasan 'Ali ibn 'Uthman's army was defeated in Kairouan by a coalition of Arab tribes. Eventually, the Near Maghrib and the Middle Maghrib seceded from the Marinid state when weak rulers rose to power causing it to return to its original borders. These military campaigns depleted the resources of the Marinid dynasty and led to a state of anarchy.

### Decline of the Marinids

The defeat in Kairouan diminished the power of the Marinids, who slipped into a period of decline. In the West Maghreb, the Marinids are not able to control the entire population. The Arab tribes grow more restless, the tax receipts decline and the sultans lose their power in favour of the Arab viziers, who are representatives of a real caste of high officials which take control of the kingdom and declare themselves as sultans themselves. The leaders are subjected to a close guardianship during this period of upheaval and the smallest amount of diffidence would lead to the overthrow or the assassination of the sultan. Both Abu Salim (1359-1361), and Abu Ziyan (1361-1366) were assassinated during this period of anarchy. The state of anarchy which existed during the late 14th century a led to a breakdown of unity in the empire and several contenders opposed the vizier which divided the country. Although the dynasty is in a state of decline during this time it was strong enough in 1389 to defuse the Abdalwadides and control the foreign relations of the sultans of Tlemcen.

The final blow to the Marinids came from the Spanish Christians who invaded Berber in 1401 and destroy the city of Tetouan. A few years later in 1415, the Portuguese took over the city of Ceuta. The Marinids, who could not repel these invasions, saw their control over the population greatly diminish. The dynasty was unable to resist the unrest and revolutions of palaces, which are getting worse. In 1420, the Sultan Abu Said was assassinated. His successors survived under the guidance of the Wattasides, the Berber dynasty that reigned after the fall of Marinids. In 1465, with the assassination of Sultan Abd al-Haqq, the Marinids disappeared permanently as a ruling force. The Wattasides dynasty collapsed in 1548 when the Saʿdī sharifs took Fès.

### 14th and 15th Century Marinid Sultans of Fez and Morocco

## 14th and 15th Century Solomonic Dynasty

The Christian Solomonic Dynasty ruled in the highlands of modern-day Ethiopia and Eritrea. To the east and south were the Muslim kingdoms of Ifat and Adal.

By the 14th century Solomonic Kings had been ruling for thirty years, having taken over from the previous Zagwe Dynasty in 1270. The Solomonic Kings claimed their heritage to the union of the Biblical King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, and to the Axumite kings. The primary literature documenting this newly restored line is the *Kebra Nagast*. This heritage linked the crown and the church, which both saw growth during this period. The Solomonic Empire was an outpost of Christianity, neighbored by Muslim nations which it frequently fought with. Solomonic kings of this era did not maintain a capital, but rather moved the court from place to place. The primary ruling of day-to-day life was determined by local leaders.

### 14th and 15th Century Emperors of the Solomonic Dynasty

* Wed Arad (1299-1314)
* Amda Seyon I (1314-1344)
* Neway Kristos (1344-1372)
* Neway Maryam (1372-1382)
* Dawit I (1382-1413)
* Tewodros I (1413-1414)
* Yeshaq I (1414-1429)
* Andreas (1429-1430)
* Takla Maryam (1430-1433)
* Saree Iyasus (1433-1433)
* Amda Iyasus (1433-1434)
* Zara Yacob (1434-1468)
* Baeda Maryam I (1468-1478)
* Eskender (1478-1494)
* Amda Sayon II (1494-1494)
* Na'od (1494-1508)

#### Amda Seyon

Amda Seyon was emperor from 1314 to 1344, and his reign began with a tension between church and crown after he seduced his father's concubine and two sisters. This action causes a monk, Honorius, to openly rebuke him. In retaliation to the rebuke, Amda punished and banished many of the local monks. Throughout his reign Amda conducted many wars against Ethiopia's Muslim neighbours, primarily the kingdoms of Ifat and Adal. His conquests put pressure on Egypt to send a new abun, which for many years had been denied to the Ethiopian Church. His conquests also brought in many new territories, which rebelled on many different occasions.

#### Zara Yacob

Zara Yacob, who reigned from 1434 to 1468, was a reformer of the Church, an organizer of the government, and a warrior. Before his ascension to the throne, he was educated at an Eritrean monastery. During his reign, he did much to propagate the Church throughout his territories, including bringing in two co-buns and placing laws about the religious matter, with strict consequences. His coronation was held in Axum, reminiscent of the Axumite kings and his heritage. Zara Yacob intended to unite his kingdom with Christianity, as the main line of defence against its Muslim and pagan neighbours. During his reign he sent a delegation to Europe to reunite the Ethiopian Church with its Roman counterpart, as well as to develop diplomatic connections. During his reign a number of religious text were written and translated, including the *Berhan.* Zara Yacob also reorganized the government, reallocating land and fixing the tribute. During this time there was continued warring with the Muslim kingdoms.

### Christianity in Solomonid Ethiopia

Solomonid rule was based on a biblical heritage and as such the kings and the country maintained Christianity as the state religion. The branch of Christianity that was followed during the 14th and 15th century was primarily Coptic Christianity, with the abuna's, or bishops, coming from Egypt. In the 14th century there was a break-off from the traditional Coptic Church in the form of Sabbatarians, who believed that they had purified their Christianity. These people would later be known as the *Beta Israel*, following a distinct pre-Talmudic faith.


title: Ellington '66

abstract: Ellington '66 is an album by American pianist, composer, and bandleader Duke Ellington that was recorded and released on the Reprise label in 1965. The album won a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Jazz Performance – Large Group or Soloist with Large Group.

text:
# Ellington '66

***Ellington '66*** is an album by American pianist, composer, and bandleader Duke Ellington that was recorded and released on the Reprise label in 1965. The album won a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Jazz Performance – Large Group or Soloist with Large Group.

## Reception

The Allmusic review by Matt Collar awarded the album 3½ stars and stated "*Ellington '66* is yet another example of how the change in popular music toward an all rock & roll format found jazz musicians attempting crossover material with varying degrees of success... While *Ellington '66* isn't a bad recording and actually bests *'65* for sheer listening pleasure, it is by no means required listening and will most likely appeal to die-hard Ellington completists".

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Allmusic* |  |

## Track listing

1. "Red Roses for a Blue Lady" (Sid Tepper, Roy C. Bennett) – 3:40
2. "Charade" (Henry Mancini, Johnny Mercer) – 2:40
3. "People" (Jule Styne, Bob Merrill) – 3:22
4. "All My Loving" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) – 3:26
5. "A Beautiful Friendship" (Donald Kahn, Stanley Styne) – 2:47
6. "I Want to Hold Your Hand" (Lennon, McCartney) – 2:04
7. "Days of Wine and Roses" (Mancini, Mercer) – 3:23
8. "I Can't Stop Loving You" (Don Gibson) – 3:57
9. "The Good Life" (Sacha Distel, Jack Reardon) – 3:16
10. "Satin Doll" (Ellington, Mercer, Billy Strayhorn) – 2:31
11. "Moon River" (Mancini, Mercer) – 2:42
12. "Ellington '66" (Ellington) – 2:34

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Ellington '66 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Duke Ellington | |
| Released | 1965 |
| Recorded | January 19 & 21, 1965 |
| Studio | Fine Studios, New York City |
| Genre | Jazz, big band |
| Label | Reprise |
| Duke Ellington chronology | |
| *Joya Sherrill Sings Duke*
(1965) ***Ellington '66***
(1965) *Concert in the Virgin Islands*
(1965) | |


title: Electrical alternans

abstract: Electrical alternans is an electrocardiographic phenomenon of alternation of QRS complex amplitude or axis between beats and a possible wandering base-line. It is seen in cardiac tamponade and severe pericardial effusion and is thought to be related to changes in the ventricular electrical axis due to fluid in the pericardium, as the heart essentially wobbles in the fluid filled pericardial sac. The echocardiogram of the heart demonstrated the characteristic swinging along with alternating voltage on the ECG.

text:
# Electrical alternans

**Electrical alternans** is an electrocardiographic phenomenon of alternation of QRS complex amplitude or axis between beats and a possible wandering base-line. It is seen in cardiac tamponade and severe pericardial effusion and is thought to be related to changes in the ventricular electrical axis due to fluid in the pericardium, as the heart essentially wobbles in the fluid filled pericardial sac.

The echocardiogram of the heart demonstrated the characteristic swinging along with alternating voltage on the ECG.

## Causes

The two most common causes of electrical alternans are cardiac tamponade and pericardial effusion. In this case, the heart's pendulum-like motion and rotation from beat to beat, which the ECG electrodes detect as varying amplitudes, is what causes the classic ECG rhythm. In addition, electrical alternans can be observed in conduction and refractory changes in a variety of rhythms, including the ones previously mentioned, which causes the electrodes to detect a range of QRS amplitudes.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Electrical alternans | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Electrical alternans, tachycardia, and low voltage in a person with a large pericardial effusion. | |
| Specialty | Cardiology |


title: 1958 South African general election

text:
# 1958 South African general election

General elections were held in South Africa on 16 April 1958. The result was a victory for the National Party, now under the leadership of J. G. Strijdom after the retirement of D. F. Malan in 1954. The opposition United Party campaigned for the first time under De Villiers Graaff, who would remain party leader for two decades.

The National Party won 103 seats in the House of Assembly. It was the first election in South Africa with a whites-only electorate, following the removal of the Cape Qualified Franchise in the late 1950s, after the resolution of the coloured vote constitutional crisis. Coloured voters were now represented by four white MPs elected in separate constituencies, after the model introduced for native (black) voters in 1936. As these latter (NMP) seats were abolished in 1960, this was the only general election in which both separate coloured and native (Black) MPs were seated.

## Changes in composition and franchise

### Native Representative Members

The third term of the (white) MPs elected to represent black voters, from special electoral districts in Cape Province under the Representation of Natives Act 1936, expired on 30 June 1954. These seats were not vacated by a dissolution of Parliament, so they were not contested at the 1953 general election.

The three representative seats were filled by elections on 1 December 1954. Two Liberal Party of South Africa MPs (A.W.P. Stanford of Transkei and Mrs V.M.L. Ballinger of Cape Eastern) were returned. Stanford took his seat from an Independent. Ballinger had been elected as an Independent at the three previous representative elections, before becoming the first President of the Liberal Party, when it was formed on 9 May 1953. The third seat was taken by L.B. Lee-Warden, an Independent candidate.

The term of these members expired on 30 June 1960 (the first 30 June to fall after five years from the date of election). The Native Representative Members seats were to be abolished in 1960, at the end of the current term.

### Coloured Representative Members

The Separate Representation of Voters Act 1951, had provided for coloured voters in Cape Province to be removed from the general voters rolls and placed on a separate roll. The coloured voters lost the right to participate in general roll elections and were given four (white) representative members in Parliament.

The implementation of the 1951 Act was delayed in what is known as the Coloured vote constitutional crisis, due to legal arguments about whether Parliament had complied with the requirement for a two-thirds majority in joint session, before it could remove the coloured voters from the general roll.

Eventually legislation to change the size and electoral system for the Senate was enacted, which the courts accepted as enabling the 1951 Act to be validated by the constitutionally required margin.

The Coloured Representative Members were elected, for the first time, on 3 April 1958, for a term expiring with the next dissolution of Parliament. Four supporters of the United Party were elected to fill the new seats.

## Delimitation of electoral divisions

The South Africa Act 1909 had provided for a delimitation commission to define the boundaries for each electoral division, for general roll voters in the four provinces. The representation by province, under the eleventh delimitation report of 1958, is set out in the table below. The figures in brackets are the number of electoral divisions in the previous (1953) delimitation. If there is no figure in brackets then the number was unchanged.

| Provinces | Cape | Natal | Orange Free State | Transvaal | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Divisions | 52 (54) | 16 (15) | 14 (13) | 68 | **150** |

## Composition at the dissolution

At the end of the 11th Union Parliament, when it was dissolved in 1958, the House of Assembly consisted of two types of members. White voters were represented by 156 members and black voters in Cape Province by three white MPs (known at the time as Native Representative Members). A third type of MP was about to be elected, so that four white MPs would represent coloured voters in Cape Province. They were known as the Coloured Representative Members (CRM).

The general election, on 16 April 1958, only affected the representatives of white voters. The other members were elected on different dates (see above).

The representation by party and province, at the dissolution was:-

| Province | National | United | Independents | Labour | Liberal | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Cape (general) | 31 | 23 | - | - | - | 54 |
| Cape (NRM) | - | - | 1 | - | 2 | 3 |
| Natal | 2 | 11 | 1 | 1 | - | 15 |
| Orange FS | 13 | - | - | - | - | 13 |
| SW Africa | 6 | - | - | - | - | 6 |
| Transvaal | 44 | 18 | 3 | 3 | - | 68 |
| **Total** | **96** | **52** | **5** | **4** | **2** | **159** |

Abbreviations in the province list.

* Orange FS: Orange Free State
* SW Africa: South-West Africa
* NRM: Native Representative Members

## Results

The general election, for 156 seats in the 12th Union Parliament, was the first in South African history when only voters classified as white took part. In the eleven previous general elections, the Cape Province and Natal general electoral roll had included some black (until 1938 in the Cape), Asian (until 1948) and coloured electors.

The election saw the collapse of the South African Labour Party which lost all 5 of its seats and whose vote dropped from almost 35,000 votes in 1953 to 2,670 votes in 1958. The drop in support is largely attributed to the party leader Alex Hepple's growing outspokenness in opposition to apartheid and his co-operation with the African National Congress, positions which were not supported at the time by white workers who were the bulk of the Labour Party's electorate. Moreover, the party did not repeat its electoral alliance with the United Party, and its sole two candidates in the election - Hepple and Leo Lovell \- both finished in distant third places, losing their seats to United Party candidates.

A total of 24 seats were uncontested, all of which were won by the United Party.

|  | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
|  | National Party | 642,006 | 55.54 | 103 | +9 |
|  | United Party | 492,080 | 42.57 | 53 | –4 |
|  | United National South West Party | 11,568 | 1.00 | 0 | New |
|  | Liberal Party | 2,934 | 0.25 | 0 | New |
|  | Labour Party | 2,670 | 0.23 | 0 | –5 |
|  | Suid-Afrikaneese Bond | 1,074 | 0.09 | 0 | New |
|  | Republican Party | 85 | 0.01 | 0 | New |
|  | Christian Democratic Party | 34 | 0.00 | 0 | New |
|  | Independents | 3,552 | 0.31 | 0 | New |
| Coloured Representative Members | |  | | 4 | New |
| Native Representative Members | |  | | 3 | 0 |
| Total | | 1,156,003 | 100.00 | 163 | +4 |
|  | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 1,156,003 | 99.35 |  | |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 7,573 | 0.65 |  | |
| Total votes | | 1,163,576 | 100.00 |  | |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 1,563,426 | 74.42 |  | |
| Source: Potgieter | | | | | |

### By province

The overall composition of the House, after the general election, was as below. There were boundary changes, from the delimitation of seats in the previous Parliament, so no attempt is made to identify changes.

| Province | National | United | Liberal | Independents | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Cape (general) | 33 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 52 |
| Cape (NRM) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Cape (CRM) | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Natal | 2 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 16 |
| Orange FS | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
| SW Africa | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Transvaal | 48 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 68 |
| **Total** | **103** | **57** | **2** | **1** | **163** |
| Source: Keesings | | | | | |

* *General Elections in South Africa, 1943-70*, by Kenneth A. Heard (London; Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1974)
* *In No Uncertain Terms*, by Helen Suzman (Mandarin Paperback 1994)
* *Keesing's Contemporary Archives*
* *South Africa 1982 Official Yearbook of the Republic of South Africa*, published by Chris van Rensburg Publications
* *The South African Constitution*, by H.J. May (3rd edition 1955, Juta & Co)

1. *Keesing's Contemporary Archives 1952-1954*, page 13954 (election); *The South African Constitution*, pp 101-109 (for the details of the native representative seats); *In No Uncertain Terms*, page 44 (abolition of the seats).
2. *The South African Constitution*, introduction (discusses steps taken in the legal and political disputes)
3. *South Africa 1982*, page 129 (table setting out delimitations of seats by province, the relevant one being that of 1958)
4. *Keesing's Contemporary Archives, 1957–58*, page 16169
5. Dirk J. Potgieter (1971) *Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa, Volume 4*, p273
6. *Keesing's Contemporary Archives, 1957–58*, page 16169

## InfoBox

1958 South African general election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  All 156 general roll seats in the House of Assembly
79 seats needed for a majority | |
| Registered | 1,563,426 |
| Turnout | 74.42% ( 13.53pp) |
| First party Second party   Leader J. G. Strijdom De Villiers Graaff  Party National United  Last election 49.48%, 94 seats 47.65%, 57 seats  Seats won **103** 53  Seat change  9  4  Popular vote **642,006** 492,080  Percentage **55.54%** 42.57%  Swing  6.06pp  5.08pp | |
| ---  Results by province | |
| ---  **Prime Minister before election**
J. G. Strijdom
National **Elected Prime Minister**
J. G. Strijdom
National | |


title: Atherton, Indiana

abstract: Atherton is an unincorporated community in northern Otter Creek Township, Vigo County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. It is part of the Terre Haute metropolitan area.

text:
# Atherton, Indiana

**Atherton** is an unincorporated community in northern Otter Creek Township, Vigo County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. It is part of the Terre Haute metropolitan area.

## History

Atherton was laid out and platted on October 7, 1871. The original plat was signed by Newton Rogers, Sarah A. Denny and Mary J. Rogers. The line of the north part of the plat marked the dividing line between Vigo County and Parke County. The early town was laid out around Atherton's railroad station.

A post office was established at Atherton in 1881 and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1934.

## Geography

Atherton is located at 39°36′29″N 87°21′43″W / 39.60806°N 87.36194°W / 39.60806; -87.36194 at an elevation of 528 feet.

1. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
2. "Atherton, Indiana". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved August 6, 2017.
3. Bradsby, H.C. (1891). *History of Vigo County, Indiana, with Biographical Selections*. Chicago: S. B. Nelson & Co. pp. 475–476.
4. "Vigo County". Jim Forte Postal History. Retrieved July 13, 2016.

## InfoBox

| Atherton, Indiana | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Vigo County's location in Indiana | |
| Athertonlocation in Vigo County, Indiana | |
| Coordinates: 39°36′29″N 87°21′43″W / 39.60806°N 87.36194°W / 39.60806; -87.36194 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Indiana |
| County | Vigo County |
| Township | Otter Creek |
| Elevation | 528 ft (161 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 47874 |
| Area code | 765 |
| GNIS feature ID | 430321 |


abstract: The women's 100 metres hurdles event at the 1996 World Junior Championships in Athletics was held in Sydney, Australia, at International Athletic Centre on 23, 24 and 25 August.

text:
# 1996 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres hurdles

The **women's 100 metres hurdles** event at the **1996 World Junior Championships in Athletics** was held in Sydney, Australia, at International Athletic Centre on 23, 24 and 25 August.

## Medalists

| **Gold** | Joyce Bates
*United States* |
| --- | --- |
| **Silver** | Glory Alozie
*Nigeria* |
| **Bronze** | Tan Yali
*China* |

## Results

### Final

25 August

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Joyce Bates | United States | **13.27** |  |
|  | Glory Alozie | Nigeria | **13.30** |  |
|  | Tan Yali | China | **13.37** |  |
| 4 | Dominque Calloway | United States | **13.55** |  |
| 5 | Anna Pettersson | Sweden | **13.88** |  |
| 6 | Tasha Danvers | United Kingdom | **14.00** |  |
| 7 | Sandra Ingelmo | Spain | **14.11** |  |
|  | Reïna-Flor Okori | France | **DQ** | **IAAF rule 168.7** |

### Semifinals

24 August

#### Semifinal 1

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Joyce Bates | United States | **13.47** | **Q** |
| 2 | Reïna-Flor Okori | France | **13.73** | **Q** |
| 3 | Tasha Danvers | United Kingdom | **13.88** | **Q** |
| 4 | Sandra Ingelmo | Spain | **13.89** | **Q** |
| 5 | Katia Brito | Cuba | **13.97** |  |
| 6 | Nicole Gale | Australia | **14.06** |  |
| 7 | Joanna Buciarska | Denmark | **14.24** |  |
|  | Sabine Scheuring | Germany | **DNF** |  |

#### Semifinal 2

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Dominque Calloway | United States | **13.58** | **Q** |
| 2 | Glory Alozie | Nigeria | **13.68** | **Q** |
| 3 | Tan Yali | China | **13.79** | **Q** |
| 4 | Anna Pettersson | Sweden | **14.04** | **Q** |
| 5 | Denise Bolton | United Kingdom | **14.07** |  |
| 6 | Veronica Dyer | Canada | **14.27** |  |
| 7 | Anat Morad | Israel | **14.32** |  |
| 8 | Hanna Korell | Finland | **14.67** |  |

### Heats

23 August

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Tasha Danvers | United Kingdom | **13.80** | **Q** |
| 2 | Sandra Ingelmo | Spain | **14.06** | **Q** |
| 3 | Katia Brito | Cuba | **14.16** | **Q** |
| 4 | Anat Morad | Israel | **14.32** | **q** |
| 5 | Polina Korobova | Russia | **14.33** |  |
| 6 | Ahlam Allali | Algeria | **14.71** |  |
| 7 | Shanna Sokolova | Tajikistan | **15.95** |  |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Joyce Bates | United States | **13.63** | **Q** |
| 2 | Glory Alozie | Nigeria | **13.64** | **Q** |
| 3 | Hanna Korell | Finland | **13.91** | **Q** |
| 4 | Veronica Dyer | Canada | **14.11** | **q** |
| 5 | Celia Medina | Spain | **14.60** |  |
|  | Andrea Markert | Germany | **DNF** |  |
|  | Marilia Gregoriou | Cyprus | **DNF** |  |

#### Heat 3

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Tan Yali | China | **13.91** | **Q** |
| 2 | Denise Bolton | United Kingdom | **13.99** | **Q** |
| 3 | Nicole Gale | Australia | **14.15** | **Q** |
| 4 | Reïna-Flor Okori | France | **14.31** | **q** |
| 5 | Jaana Kalliojärvi | Finland | **14.42** |  |
| 6 | Aryiró Tsoka | Greece | **14.84** |  |
|  | Grainne Redmond | Ireland | **DNF** |  |

#### Heat 4

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Dominque Calloway | United States | **13.55** | **Q** |
| 2 | Sabine Scheuring | Germany | **13.82** | **Q** |
| 3 | Anna Pettersson | Sweden | **14.16** | **Q** |
| 4 | Joanna Buciarska | Denmark | **14.28** | **q** |
| 5 | Akiko Morimoto | Japan | **14.36** |  |
| 6 | Dragana Ciganovic | Croatia | **14.56** |  |
| 7 | Simone Purvis | Australia | **35.09** |  |
|  | Anila Meta | Albania | **DNF** |  |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 29 athletes from 23 countries participated in the event.


title: 1947 Australian Grand Prix

abstract: The 1947 Australian Grand Prix was a Formula Libre motor race held at the Mount Panorama Circuit, near Bathurst in New South Wales, Australia on 6 October 1947. The race, which had 22 starters, was held over 38 laps of the six kilometre circuit, for a total race distance of 241 kilometres. It was the twelfth Australian Grand Prix and the first to have been held after the conclusion of World War II. Racing in Australia resumed in 1946, but it took until 1947 for a group, in this case the Australian Sporting Car Club, to take on the running of the Grand Prix. Police opposition to racing at Mount Panorama led to the postponement of the race from Easter to October. The race, a handicap event as was the tradition in the immediate post-war period, was won by Bill Murray racing his MG TC. Murray took the lead on the last lap of the race after a tyre failure on Ray Mitchell's Jeep/Ford Special caused the race leader to slow dramatically. Mitchell limped home for fourth position. Future Grand Prix stars also passed Mitchell, second was taken by Dick Bland in his Mercury Special. Bland would claim two more podiums over the four years but a win would be elusive. Third was taken by Lex Davison driving a 7.6 litre Mercedes-Benz SSK 38/250. Davison would go on to become the Grand Prix's most prolific winner, even though his career would be cut short by his death at Sandown in 1965, Davison would win the race four times. Davison also completed the race in the shortest time, a prelude to the future of the race over the next decade and a half. Alf Barrett started the race from scratch, 37 minutes after the first starter, Les Burrows. Barrett retired on lap 29 with valve trouble, having earlier set the fastest lap of the race at 3 minutes 6 seconds. He also achieved the fastest speed of 123.5 mph through the flying quarter-mile. The Under 1500cc Championship was awarded to Alf Najar and the Over 1500cc Championship to Lex Davison, both titles being decided on net race time, disregarding handicaps. The race was watched by 20,000 spectators.

text:
# 1947 Australian Grand Prix

The **1947 Australian Grand Prix** was a Formula Libre motor race held at the Mount Panorama Circuit, near Bathurst in New South Wales, Australia on 6 October 1947. The race, which had 22 starters, was held over 38 laps of the six kilometre circuit, for a total race distance of 241 kilometres.

It was the twelfth Australian Grand Prix and the first to have been held after the conclusion of World War II. Racing in Australia resumed in 1946, but it took until 1947 for a group, in this case the Australian Sporting Car Club, to take on the running of the Grand Prix. Police opposition to racing at Mount Panorama led to the postponement of the race from Easter to October.

The race, a handicap event as was the tradition in the immediate post-war period, was won by Bill Murray racing his MG TC. Murray took the lead on the last lap of the race after a tyre failure on Ray Mitchell's Jeep/Ford Special caused the race leader to slow dramatically. Mitchell limped home for fourth position. Future Grand Prix stars also passed Mitchell, second was taken by Dick Bland in his Mercury Special. Bland would claim two more podiums over the four years but a win would be elusive. Third was taken by Lex Davison driving a 7.6 litre Mercedes-Benz SSK 38/250. Davison would go on to become the Grand Prix's most prolific winner, even though his career would be cut short by his death at Sandown in 1965, Davison would win the race four times. Davison also completed the race in the shortest time, a prelude to the future of the race over the next decade and a half.

Alf Barrett (Alfa Romeo Monza) started the race from scratch, 37 minutes after the first starter, Les Burrows (MG J2). Barrett retired on lap 29 with valve trouble, having earlier set the fastest lap of the race at 3 minutes 6 seconds. He also achieved the fastest speed of 123.5 mph through the flying quarter-mile.

The Under 1500cc Championship was awarded to Alf Najar and the Over 1500cc Championship to Lex Davison, both titles being decided on net race time, disregarding handicaps.

The race was watched by 20,000 spectators.

## Classification

Results as follows.

| Pos | No. | Driver | Car / engine | Laps | Time | Handicap <br>(minutes) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 21 | Bill Murray | MG TC / MG 1.3L | 38 | 2h 39m 46s | 25.5 |
| 2 | 7 | Dick Bland | Mercury Special / Mercury 3.7L | 38 | 2h 40m 22s | 15.0 |
| 3 | 5 | Lex Davison | Mercedes-Benz SSK 38/250 / Mercedes-Benz 7.6L | 38 | 2h 40m 33s | 10.5 |
| 4 | 11 | Ray Mitchell | Jeep/Ford Special / Ford 3.6L | 38 | 2h 41m 09s | 17.0 |
| 5 | 23 | Tom Sulman | Sulman Singer Special / Singer 1.0L | 38 | 2h 41m 48s | 28.0 |
| 6 | 15 | Alf Najar | MG TB Special / MG 1.3L | 38 | 2h 41m 37s | 19.5 |
| 7 | 14 | Harry Monday | Mercury Special / Mercury 3.9L | 38 | 2h 41m 59s | 17.0 |
| 8 | 17 | John Barraclough | MG NE Magnette / MG 1.3L | 38 | 2h 42m 10s | 21.0 |
| 9 | 13 | Dougal MacLachlan | MG TA Special / MG 1.4L | 38 | 2h 43m 55s | 19.5 |
| 10 | 28 | Les Burrows | MG J2 / MG 0.8L | 38 | 2h 44m 37s | 37.0 |
| 11 | 19 | Ron Ward | MG TB / MG 1.3L | 38 | 2h 45m 37s | 25.5 |
| 12 | 27 | Bruce Myers | Riley Imp / Riley 1.1L | 38 | 2h 46m 01s | 34.0 |
| 13 | 18 | Bill Nunn | MG TB / MG 1.3L | 38 | 2h 47m 55s | 25.5 |
| 14 | 22 | Elliott Forbes-Robinson | MG TC / MG 1.3L | 38 | 2h 48m 28s | 25.5 |
| Ret | 1 | Alf Barrett | Alfa Romeo Monza / Alfa Romeo 2.4L | 28 |  | Scratch |
| Ret | 9 | Jack Murray | Bugatti Type 39 / Ford 3.6L (DM Special) | 28 |  | 15.0 |
| Ret | 2 | Frank Kleinig | Kleinig-Hudson 8 Special / Hudson 4.2L | 26 |  | 6.0 |
| Ret | 20 | George Pearse | MG TB / MG 1.3L | 22 |  | 25.5 |
| Ret | 26 | Len Phillips | Austin 7 / Austin 0.8L | 20 |  | 31.0 |
| Ret | 3 | Hope Bartlett | Dixon / Riley 1.8L |  |  | 7.5 |
| Ret | 4 | Ron Ewing | Buick Special / Buick 3.8L |  |  | 10.5 |
| Ret | 16 | Walter Mathison | Jaguar SS100 / Standard 2.7L |  |  | 20.0 |
| DNS | 8 | Alec Mildren | Ford V8 Special / Ford 3.6L |  |  | 15.0 |
| DNS | 12 | Dennis Curran | Mercury Special / Mercury 3.9L |  |  | 17.0 |
| DNS | 29 | Ken Tubman | MG K3 / MG 1.3L |  |  | 15.0 |
| DNS | 24 | Len Golding | MG NE / MG 1.1L |  |  | 28.0 |
|

## InfoBox

| 1947 Australian Grand Prix | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Formula Libre handicap race | | | |
|  | | | |
| Race details | | | |
| Date | 6 October 1947 | | |
| Location | Mount Panorama Circuit, Bathurst, New South Wales | | |
| Course | Temporary road circuit | | |
| Course length | 6.12 km (3.84 miles) | | |
| Distance | 38 laps, 241.35 km (150 miles) | | |
| Weather | Sunny | | |
| Fastest lap | | | |
| Driver | Alf Barrett | Alfa Romeo Monza |
| Time | 3 min 6 sec | | |
| Podium | | | |
| First |  | MG |
| Second |  | Mercury Special |
| Third |  | Mercedes-Benz |


title: 1996 Caribbean Series

abstract: The thirty-eighth edition of the Caribbean Series was held from February 3 through February 8 of 1996 with the champion baseball teams of the Dominican Republic, Águilas Cibaeñas; Mexico, Tomateros de Culiacán; Puerto Rico, Lobos de Arecibo, and Venezuela, Navegantes del Magallanes. The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice, and the games were played at Estadio Quisqueya in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

text:
# 1996 Caribbean Series

The thirty-eighth edition of the **Caribbean Series** (*Serie del Caribe*) was held from February 3 through February 8 of 1996 with the champion baseball teams of the Dominican Republic, Águilas Cibaeñas; Mexico, Tomateros de Culiacán; Puerto Rico, Lobos de Arecibo, and Venezuela, Navegantes del Magallanes. The format consisted of 12 games, each team facing the other teams twice, and the games were played at Estadio Quisqueya in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

## Summary

## Final standings

|  | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Country | Club | W | L | W/L % | Managers |
| Mexico | Tomateros de Culiacán | 5 | 1 | .833 | Francisco Estrada |
| Puerto Rico | Lobos de Arecibo | 4 | 2 | .667 | Pat Kelly |
| Dominican Republic | Águilas Cibaeñas | 2 | 4 | .333 | Terry Francona |
| Venezuela | Navegantes del Magallanes | 1 | 5 | .167 | Gregorio Machado |
|

## Individual leaders

|  | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Player | Statistic |  |
| **Batting** |
| Tony Barron (PUR) | Batting average | .500 |
| Tony Barron (PUR)
Bernie Williams (PUR) | Runs | 6 |
| Tony Barron (PUR) | Hits | 12 |
| *Six tied* | Doubles | 2 |
| Tony Barron (PUR) | Triples | 2 |
| Leo Gómez (PUR) | Home runs | 3 |
| Leo Gómez (PUR) | RBI | 9 |
| Moisés Alou (DOM) | Stolen bases | 3 |
| **Pitching** |
| Felipe Murillo (MEX) | Wins | 2 |
| Robert Toth (PUR) | Strikeouts | 9 |
| Robinson Checo (DOM)
Pedro Martínez (DOM) | ERA | 0.00 |
| Ramón García (VEN)
Esteban Loaiza (MEX) | Innings pitched | 10.0 |
| *Three tied* | Saves | 1 |

## All-Star team

|  | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Name | Position |  |
| Iván Rodríguez (PUR) | Catcher |
| Julio Franco (DOM) | First baseman |
| Ever Magallanes (MEX) | Second baseman |
| Leo Gómez (PUR) | Third baseman |
| José Vizcaíno (DOM) | Shortstop |
| Darryl Brinkley (MEX) | Left fielder |
| Bernie Williams (PUR) | Center fielder |
| Antonio Aguilera (MEX) | Right fielder |
| Tony Barron (PUR) | Designated hitter |
| Robinson Checo (DOM) | Right-handed pitcher |
| Yorkis Pérez (DOM) | Left-handed pitcher |
| **Awards** |
| Darryl Brinkley (MEX) | Most Valuable Player |
| Francisco Estrada (MEX) | Manager |
|

## Sources

* Nuñez, José Antero (1994). *Serie del Caribe de la Habana a Puerto La Cruz*. JAN Editor. ISBN 980-07-2389-7


title: 2014 Saudi Super Cup

abstract: The 2014 Saudi Super Cup was the second Saudi Super Cup, an annual Saudi football match contested by the winners of the Saudi Professional League and the winners of the King Cup of Champions. Al-Shabab won the match, prevailing 4–3 on penalties.

text:
# 2014 Saudi Super Cup

The **2014 Saudi Super Cup** was the second Saudi Super Cup, an annual Saudi football match contested by the winners of the Saudi Professional League and the winners of the King Cup of Champions. Al-Shabab won the match, prevailing 4–3 on penalties.

## Match details

| Al-Nassr | 1–1 (a.e.t.) | Al-Shabab |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |
| Penalties | | |
|  | 3–4 |  |

King Fahd International Stadium, RiyadhAttendance: 31,000Referee: Fahad Al Mirdasi

## InfoBox

2014 Saudi Super Cup
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| After extra time<br>Al-Shabab won 4–3 on penalties | |
| Date | 7 August 2014 |
| Venue | King Fahd International Stadium, Riyadh |
| Referee | Fahad Al Mirdasi |
| Attendance | 31,000 |
|


title: Anime UK

abstract: Anime UK was a British magazine founded in 1991 dedicated to Japanese animation and published for six years before ceasing publication in 1996. Peter Goll, Steve Kyte, Helen McCarthy, and Wil Overton founded the magazine in London. Published for six years, it was sold worldwide and was widely admired for its innovative design, high production standards and varied, entertaining content. Its stated aims were to make the then arcane and unknown world of Japanese animation accessible to non-Japanese speakers, and to promote a positive and open image for a medium that received some negative press during its early years in the U.K.

text:
# Anime UK

***Anime UK*** was a British magazine founded in 1991 dedicated to Japanese animation and published for six years before ceasing publication in 1996. Peter Goll, Steve Kyte, Helen McCarthy, and Wil Overton founded the magazine in London. Published for six years, it was sold worldwide and was widely admired for its innovative design, high production standards and varied, entertaining content. Its stated aims were to make the then arcane and unknown world of Japanese animation accessible to non-Japanese speakers, and to promote a positive and open image for a medium that received some negative press during its early years in the U.K.

## History

The magazine grew out of *Anime UK* newsletter, a fan publication started after the 1990 Eastercon (the British National Science Fiction Convention.) Overton, one of the early subscribers, took the newsletter to his boss Goll, who offered to fund and publish a magazine devoted to anime through his company, Sigma. McCarthy was the magazine's editor throughout its run. Overton and Kyte were designers and house artists.

To re-create the visual excitement of a Japanese anime magazine, the team dreamed up features such as Kyte's A–Z of anime in pullout form so it could be carried in a pocket for reference, paper dolls of well known anime characters, postcards and folding desk calendars. One unexpected hit was *Ah Oishii!* (*Ah, delicious!*) a simple recipe illustrated with anime characters. Printed on the inside back cover so it could be cut out and filed, it was so popular with readers that many submitted their own recipes and art, and it ran until the magazine folded.

A number of the writers and artists who worked for the magazine have achieved greater success elsewhere, including authors Jonathan Clements (the magazine's staff translator), Peter J. Evans and James Swallow. Contributors from Europe, America and Japan included Frederik L. Schodt, translator and author of the seminal *Manga! Manga! The World of Japanese Comics*, and anime and manga historian Fred Patten.

In glossy, full-colour card covers, the magazine progressed from a bi-monthly publication with partial colour to a monthly, and eventually to full colour, although a dispute over editorial policy with Andy Frain of Manga Entertainment resulted in no paid advertising from the then-biggest UK anime retailer. In early 1995, in a move by Goll to secure better financing, the magazine was re-launched as a professional high-street monthly publication with new numbering. The magazine's name was changed to *Anime FX* and it was published by Ashdown Publishing, with the same editorial and design team and from the same offices in Mortimer Street, London W1.

It ceased publishing in February 1996, leaving many contributors unpaid for the last few issues. Many contributors subsequently moved on to the UK's only other contemporary anime magazine, *Manga Mania*. Ironically, by the time of the magazine's cancellation, Andy Frain had left Manga Entertainment and their promotional material was finally sent to the Anime FX offices, too late to be included in the final issue.


title: Antonius Lambertus Maria Hurkmans

abstract: Antonius Lambertus Maria Hurkmans is Bishop emeritus of the Roman Catholic Diocese of 's-Hertogenbosch. His motto is: Sancti Spiritus In virtute.

text:
# Antonius Lambertus Maria Hurkmans

**Antonius Lambertus Maria Hurkmans** (born 3 August 1944) is Bishop emeritus of the Roman Catholic Diocese of 's-Hertogenbosch. His motto is: *Sancti Spiritus In virtute* (The power of the Holy Spirit).

## Early years and calling to the priesthood

Antoon Hurkmans was born in Somernen and grew up in a farming family of nine children. He took his vegetable and grocery diploma and had his own grocery store in Echt, Netherlands. Because he felt called to the priesthood, he sold his shop and then studied at the College for Late Vocations in Warnsveld. In 1966 he went to the Latin School in Gemert and three years later he spent some time in the Grimbergen Abbey, Belgium. In 1972 Hurkmans left the monastery and went to study theology at the Tilburg University, where he received his doctorate in 1978.

## Ecclesiastical career

Hurkmans was ordained priest on 22 December 1979 by Bishop Johannes Bluyssen. He then worked in Waalwijk (Saint Anthony Parish), from December 1, 1980, as pastor. Monsignor Johannes Gerardus ter Schure appointed him in August 1987 rector of the new seminary, St. John's Centre. In March 1988 he became vicar general and provost (religion) of the cathedral chapter of the Roman Catholic Diocese of 's-Hertogenbosch. Because of his merits for the seminary Pope John Paul II appointed him on his birthday in 1994 Honorary prelate and Monsignor. The pope appointed him bishop for the Roman Catholic Diocese of 's-Hertogenbosch in June 1998. On August 29, 1998, he was consecrated bishop by Johannes Gerardus ter Schure, Johannes Bluyssen, Martinus Petrus Maria Muskens, Frans Wiertz and Joseph Frans Lescrauwaet. Hurkmans resigned his bishopry in 2016 and was replaced by Gerard Johannes Nicolaas De Korte.


title: Elijah (Lorenzetto)

abstract: The statue of Elijah is a marble statue by the Italian Renaissance sculptor Lorenzetto in the niche to the right of the entrance in the Chigi Chapel, the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome. The sculptor followed the original designs of his mentor, Raphael, who was the architect of the chapel. The statue was finished by his pupil, Raffaello da Montelupo.

text:
# Elijah (Lorenzetto)

The statue of **Elijah** is a marble statue by the Italian Renaissance sculptor Lorenzetto in the niche to the right of the entrance in the Chigi Chapel, the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome. The sculptor followed the original designs of his mentor, Raphael, who was the architect of the chapel. The statue was finished by his pupil, Raffaello da Montelupo.

## History

The statue of Prophet Elijah was part of the original decorative scheme of the chapel by Raphael. The main iconographic themes in the funerary chapel of Agostino Chigi was resurrection and ascension of the soul to heaven. The two statues of Jonah and Elijah could be interpreted in this context: Prophet Jonah is the prototype of the Christ of the Resurrection, while Elijah of the Christ of the Ascension. In the Old Testament "Elijah went up by a whirlwind into heaven" on a chariot of fire (2 Kings 2:11). But Giorgio Vasari emphasized another aspect of Elijah's story in his description:

> "...an Elijah, living by Grace, with his cruse of water and his bread baked in the ashes, under the juniper-tree."

Fabio Chigi repeated this in a letter. The statue was carved by Lorenzetto, Raphael's pupil, but unlike its counterpart, the statue of Jonah and the whale it was far from being finished at the time when Raphael died in 1520, and consequently the final version could be more removed from his original (lost) designs. A young assistant sculptor, Raffaello da Montelupo recorded in his autobiography that he completed the statue around 1523/24. Both the Jonah and the Elijah remained in Lorenzetto's workshop for a long time as Vasari records in his *Lives*.

Lorenzetto died in 1541 but ten years later, in 1552 Lorenzo Leone Chigi paid his debt towards the heirs of Lorenzetto, and the two statues were finally placed in the chapel. They were supposedly located on the two sides of the entrance, at least this was their recorded position when Fabio Chigi first visited the chapel in 1626. The statue of Elijah was on the left of the entrance then. Between 1652 and 1656 Gian Lorenzo Bernini restored the chapel, and created two new statues (*Habakkuk and the Angel*, *Daniel and the Lion*) to fill the remaining empty niches. At the time the statue of Elijah was moved to its present place on the right of the entrance.

## Description

The statue shows the prophet in the desert with an angel. The surroundings are carefully detailed especially the tangled roots and plants below the prophet's feet and the part of the tree which grows up behind. Elijah is depicted as a bearded older man with the usual attributes of the water-jug and a book. He is looking up towards the sky which means that he is gazing at the *oculus* of the dome where the figure of God appears.

There is a disagreement about the originally intended place of the statue. John Shearman thought that it was most likely planned for one of the two niches by the entrance which means that its present position is probably correct.

1. Autobiografia di Raffaello da Montelupo, in: Le vite de'più eccellenti pittori, scultori ed architettori. Con nuove annotazioni e commenti di Gaetano Milanesi, Vol. 4, Firenze, G. C. Sansoni, 1879, p. 558
2. Cecilia Magnusson: Lorenzetto's statue of Jonah, and the Chigi chapel in S. Maria del Popolo, Konsthistorisk Tidskrift, 56:1, 1987, p. 20
3. John Shearman: The Chigi Chapel in S. Maria del Popolo, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, Vol. 24, No. 3/4 (Jul. - Dec., 1961)

## InfoBox

| Elijah | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Artist | Lorenzetto, Raffaello da Montelupo (based on a design by Raphael) |
| Year | c. 1520-1524 |
| Type | Statue |
| Location | Chigi Chapel, Rome |


title: 1965 Gossage Cup

abstract: The 1965 Gossage Cup was the 37th edition of the Gossage Cup, an international football competition competed by the teams of CECAFA. It was hosted by Uganda, and won by Tanzania. It was played between September 25 and October 2.

text:
# 1965 Gossage Cup

The **1965 Gossage Cup** was the 37th edition of the Gossage Cup, an international football competition competed by the teams of CECAFA. It was hosted by Uganda, and won by Tanzania. It was played between September 25 and October 2.

## Participants

Four nations competed.

## Group

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Tanzania | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 1 | +5 | 5 |
| Kenya | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 5 | +3 | 4 |
| Uganda (H) | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 5 | +2 | 3 |
| Zanzibar | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 12 | 10 | 0 |

Source: International Football
(H) Hosts

## Matches

| Uganda | 4–1 | Zanzibar |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

| Tanzania | 2–0 | Kenya |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

---

| Uganda | 2–3 | Kenya |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

| Tanzania | 3–0 | Zanzibar |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

---

| Kenya | 5–1 | Zanzibar |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

| Uganda | 1–1 | Zanzibar |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

| 1965 Gossage Cup champions |
| --- |
| **
Tanzania
5th title** |

## InfoBox

1965 Gossage Cup
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Host country | Uganda |
| Dates | 25 September – 2 October |
| Teams | 4 (from CECAFA confederations) |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Tanzania (5th title) |
| Runners-up | Kenya |
| Third place | Uganda |
| Fourth place | Zanzibar |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 6 |
| Goals scored | 23 (3.83 per match) |
|


abstract: The men's 4 × 400 metres relay event at the 1998 Commonwealth Games was held 20–21 September on National Stadium, Bukit Jalil.

text:
# Athletics at the 1998 Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay

The **men's 4 × 400 metres relay** event at the 1998 Commonwealth Games was held 20–21 September on National Stadium, Bukit Jalil.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Jamaica*
Michael McDonald
Roxbert Martin
Greg Haughton
Davian Clarke | *England*
Paul Slythe
Solomon Wariso
Mark Hylton
Mark Richardson
Sean Baldock*
Jared Deacon* | *Wales*
Paul Gray
Jamie Baulch
Matthew Elias
Iwan Thomas |

* Athletes who competed in heats only and received medals.

## Results

### Heats

Qualification: First 3 teams of each heat (Q) plus the next 2 fastest (q) qualified for the final.

| Rank | Heat | Nation | Athletes | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | Zimbabwe | Jeffrey Masvanhise, Philip Mukomana, Savieri Ngidhi, Kenneth Harnden | 3:03.30 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | England | Sean Baldock, Jared Deacon, Solomon Wariso, Paul Slythe | 3:03.58 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | Wales | Paul Gray, Jamie Baulch, Matthew Elias, Iwan Thomas | 3:03.63 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | Canada | Monte Raymond, Shane Niemi, Donald Bruno, Alexandre Marchand | 3:03.69 | q |
| 5 | 1 | Kenya | Abednego Matilu, Kennedy Kimwetich, Erick Keter, Kennedy Ochieng | 3:05.56 |  |
| 6 | 1 | Bahamas | Chris Brown, Timothy Munnings, Gregory Chipman, Carl Oliver | 3:05.87 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Northern Ireland | Brian Forbes, Edward King, Matthew Douglas, Paul McBurney | 3:07.27 |  |
| 8 | 1 | Namibia | Christoffel van Wyk, Erwin Naimwhaka, Mao Tjiroze, Veranus Kamati | 3:11.60 | **NR** |
|  | 2 | Jamaica |  | ?:??.?? |  |
|  | 2 | South Africa |  | ?:??.?? |  |
|  | 2 | Australia | Michael Hazel, Brad Jamieson, Casey Vincent, Patrick Dwyer | 3:02.94 |  |
|  | 1 | Sri Lanka |  | ?:??.?? |  |
| 5 | 2 | Fiji | Aminiasi Babitu, Henry Semiti, Solomone Bole, Soloveni Nakaunicina | 3:07.15 |  |
| 6 | 2 | Mauritius | Clario Augustin, Eric Milazar, Fernando Augustin, Rudy Tirvengadum | 3:08.09 |  |
| 7 | 2 | Malaysia | Mohd Zaiful Zainal Abidin, Yazid Parlan, Deverajo Nadarajan, Romzi Bakar | 3:08.18 |  |

### Final

| Rank | Nation | Athletes | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Jamaica | Michael McDonald, Roxbert Martin, Greg Haughton, Davian Clarke | 2:59.03 | **GR** |
|  | England | Paul Slythe, Solomon Wariso, Mark Hylton, Mark Richardson | 3:00.82 |  |
|  | Wales | Paul Gray, Jamie Baulch, Matthew Elias, Iwan Thomas | 3:01.86 | **NR** |
| 4 | South Africa | Adriaan Botha, Johan Botha, Hezekiel Sepeng, Arnaud Malherbe | 3:02.21 |  |
| 5 | Australia | Michael Hazel, Brad Jamieson, Casey Vincent, Patrick Dwyer | 3:02.96 |  |
| 6 | Zimbabwe | Jeffrey Masvanhise, Philip Mukomana, Savieri Ngidhi, Kenneth Harnden | 3:03.02 |  |
| 7 | Sri Lanka | Rohan Handunpurage, Rathna Vellasamy, Ranga Wimalawansa, Sugath Thilakaratne | 3:04.11 |  |
| 8 | Canada | Shane Niemi, Monte Raymond, Alexandre Marchand, Donald Bruno | 3:04.84 |  |

## InfoBox

| Men's 4 x 400 metres relay
at the Commonwealth Games | |
| --- | --- |


title: 1947 BAA Finals

abstract: The 1947 BAA Finals was the championship round of playoffs following the inaugural Basketball Association of America (BAA)'s 1946–47 season. The Philadelphia Warriors of the Eastern Division faced the Chicago Stags of the Western Division for the inaugural championship, with Philadelphia having home court advantage. Hall of Fame inductee Joe Fulks played for the Warriors in the series.

text:
# 1947 BAA Finals

The **1947 BAA Finals** was the championship round of playoffs following the inaugural Basketball Association of America (BAA)'s 1946–47 season. The Philadelphia Warriors of the Eastern Division faced the Chicago Stags of the Western Division for the inaugural championship, with Philadelphia having home court advantage. Hall of Fame inductee Joe Fulks played for the Warriors in the series.

## Background

Philadelphia was not the Eastern Division champion but advanced to the championship round by winning a four-team playoff among the Eastern and Western Division runners-up. Meanwhile, the Eastern and Western Division champions, Washington Capitols and Cleveland Rebels, played one long series to determine the other finalist, a best-of-seven series that Chicago won 4–2. In the runners-up bracket, Philadelphia and New York from the East had first eliminated St. Louis and Cleveland from the West, then faced each other, all in best-of-three series. The format was repeated in 1948, and generated another champion from the runners-up bracket.

The five games of the final series were played in seven days, with no days off between consecutive games in the same city (twice). Division champions Washington and Chicago had played the six games of their semifinal series from April 2 to 13, although they too took no days off between consecutive games in the same city (twice). In total, the entire playoff tournament lasted a total of 20 days.

This would be the Stags only appearance in the Finals; the franchise would fold three years later. It would be another 44 years before a Chicago club played for a pro basketball championship, when the Chicago Bulls won the 1991 NBA Finals.

## Series summary

| Game | Date | Home team | Result | Road team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Game 1 | April 16 | **Philadelphia Warriors** | 84–71 (1–0) | Chicago Stags |
| Game 2 | April 17 | **Philadelphia Warriors** | 85–74 (2–0) | Chicago Stags |
| Game 3 | April 19 | Chicago Stags | 72–75 (0–3) | **Philadelphia Warriors** |
| Game 4 | April 20 | **Chicago Stags** | 74–73 (1–3) | Philadelphia Warriors |
| Game 5 | April 22 | **Philadelphia Warriors** | 83–80 (4–1) | Chicago Stags |
|

*Warriors win series 4–1*

### Game 1

| Chicago Stags 71, **Philadelphia Warriors** **84** | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** 12–20, 12–10, 22–22, 25–32 | | |
| **Pts:** Halbert 19
**Asts:** Rottner 2 |  | **Pts:** Fulks 37
**Asts:** Dallmar 4 |
| ***Philadelphia leads series, 1–0*** | | |

Around 7,900 people attended Game 1. The Warriors led at halftime 34–20. Joe Fulks then scored 29 points in the second half, including 21 in the fourth quarter. Angelo Musi, a guard out of Temple University, scored 19 points himself for Philadelphia as well. The Stags took an astounding 129 shots, but only knocked down 26 of them, a 20.2 shooting percentage which made it easy for the Warriors to win, 84–71.

### Game 2

| Chicago Stags 74, **Philadelphia Warriors** **85** | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** 17–14, 21–27, 21–22, 15–22 | | |
| **Pts:** Carlisle 19
**Asts:** Gilmur, Halbert, Kautz, Seminoff 1 each |  | **Pts:** Dallmar 18
**Asts:** Kaplowitz 2 |
| ***Philadelphia leads series, 2–0*** | | |

Fulks was not the scorer he was in Game 1, but he did not have to be, because five other Warrior players scored in double figures, including 18 points from forward Howie Dallmar and 16 from guard Jerry Fleishman. Chicago did take a brief 69–68 lead until Philadelphia center Art Hillhouse came alive in the fourth quarter. He scored 7 out of the last 10 points for the Warriors, in route to a second Philadelphia win, 85–74.

### Game 3

| **Philadelphia Warriors** **75**, Chicago Stags 72 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** 18–17, 13–14, 16–15, 28–26 | | |
| **Pts:** Fulks 26 |  | **Pts:** Carlson, Zaslofsky 15 each |
| ***Philadelphia leads series, 3–0*** | | |

### Game 4

| Philadelphia Warriors 73, **Chicago Stags** **74** | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** 17–19, 17–23, 18–23, 21–9 | | |
| **Pts:** Senesky 24
**Asts:** Fleishman 4 |  | **Pts:** Zaslofsky 20
**Asts:** Carlson, Halbert, Seminoff 1 each |
| ***Philadelphia leads series, 3–1*** | | |

The Stags staved off elimination and avoided a sweep with a one-point victory.

### Game 5

| Chicago Stags 80, **Philadelphia Warriors** **83** | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** 13–27, 25–13, 30–23, 12–20 | | |
| **Pts:** Jaros 21
**Asts:** Jaros 3 |  | **Pts:** Fulks 34
**Asts:** Dallmar 4 |
| ***Philadelphia wins series, 4–1*** | | |

With less than a minute remaining, Howie Dallmar snapped an 80–80 tie by nailing a jump shot to seal the very first championship for the Warriors.

## Team rosters

### Philadelphia Warriors

### Chicago Stags

## InfoBox

1947 BAA Finals
| Team Coach Wins  Philadelphia Warriors Eddie Gottlieb 4  Chicago Stags Harold Olsen 1 | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | April 16–22 |
| Hall of Famers | **Warriors:**
Joe Fulks (1978)
**Coaches:**
Harold Olsen (1959)
Eddie Gottlieb (1972) |
| Eastern finals | Warriors defeated Knicks, 2–0
(Runners-up bracket) |
| Western finals | Stags defeated Capitols, 4–2
(Western and Eastern champions) |
|


title: Epieimeria

abstract: Epieimeria is a genus of parasitic alveaolates of the phylum Apicomplexa. The genus was created in 1981 by Dyková and Lom. Species in this genus were earlier classified as Eimeria.

text:
# Epieimeria

***Epieimeria*** is a genus of parasitic alveaolates of the phylum Apicomplexa.

The genus was created in 1981 by Dyková and Lom. Species in this genus were earlier classified as *Eimeria*.

## Taxonomy

Species in this genus infect fish.

## Description

Like other eimerians, the species in this genus undergo intracellular merogony and gametogony. Trophozoites and both the merogonic and gametogonic stages develop in a parasitophorous vacuole which lies half embedded in the epithelial cell and protrudes into the intestinal lumen. The parasitophorous vacuole itself is surrounded by a single membrane but towards the intestinal lumen it is also covered by the cell membrane.

Sporogony takes place outside the fish or intercellularly.

The wall of the sporocyst opens at its apex through a round pore.

Oocysts as well as being excreted may infiltrate into the mucosa and thence into the viscera and internal cavities where they may accumulate there and sporulate within the host. These will be liberated only after the death of the host.

A Stieda body is present.

## InfoBox

| *Epieimeria* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| (unranked): | Sar |
| (unranked): | Alveolata |
| Phylum: | Apicomplexa |
| Class: | Conoidasida |
| Order: | Eucoccidiorida |
| Suborder: | Eimeriorina |
| Family: | Eimeriidae |
| Genus: | ***Epieimeria***
Dyková & Lom 1981 |
|
| Species | |
| *Epieimeria anguillae*
*Epieimeria isabellae*
*Epieimeria ocellata* | |