title: Effigy mound

abstract: An effigy mound is a raised pile of earth built in the shape of a stylized animal, symbol, religious figure, human, or other figure. The Effigy Moundbuilder culture is primarily associated with the years 550–1200 CE during the Late Woodland Period, although radiocarbon dating has placed the origin of certain mounds as far back as 320 BCE. Effigy mounds were constructed in many Native American cultures. Scholars believe they were primarily for religious purposes, although some also fulfilled a burial mound function. The builders of the effigy mounds are usually referred to as the Mound Builders. Over 3200 animal-shaped effigy mounds have been identified by the Wisconsin Historical Society in the upper midwest. Native North American effigy mounds have been compared to the large-scale geoglyphs such as the Nazca Lines of Peru.

text:
# Effigy mound

An **effigy mound** is a raised pile of earth built in the shape of a stylized animal, symbol, religious figure, human, or other figure. The Effigy Moundbuilder culture is primarily associated with the years 550–1200 CE during the Late Woodland Period, although radiocarbon dating has placed the origin of certain mounds as far back as 320 BCE.

Effigy mounds were constructed in many Native American cultures. Scholars believe they were primarily for religious purposes, although some also fulfilled a burial mound function. The builders of the effigy mounds are usually referred to as the Mound Builders. Over 3200 animal-shaped effigy mounds have been identified by the Wisconsin Historical Society in the upper midwest.

Native North American effigy mounds have been compared to the large-scale geoglyphs such as the Nazca Lines of Peru.

## History

### Early European observations

Effigy mounds are limited to the Northern and Eastern United States, and most likely the French were the first Europeans to see them in their expeditions southward from Canada after 1673.

Early surveyors and settlers noticed and mapped many effigy mounds, but farming and other development erased numerous sites despite efforts to preserve them.

### Mythology

After the "discovery" of effigy mounds, and other mounds all over the country, wild theories began to be developed as to how and by whom they were built. The first theories were the most accurate; people in the late 17th century assumed that the mounds had been built by the Native American people who still lived in the vicinity. These logical assumptions lost popularity as more fantastic theories were developed. The most popular of these theories in the 19th century was that an extinct race of Mound Builder people had built the mounds and then vanished. These theories were generally made to support nationalist sentiment and a romantic European connection to the New World. This theory was laid to rest by archaeologists at the Smithsonian Institution in the 1880s.

### Origin theories

The Ho-Chunk suggest that effigy mounds were used as places of refuge as well as burial. Some archaeologists today believe that the mounds were built by particular clans or groups to honor their representative animal. Some believe that the animal shape is the clan or extended family of the person or person's buried in the mound. Others believe that the mounds were burial sites for everyday people, while still others believe that the depicted animal might be somehow responsible for transitioning the deceased into the next world. The mounds may also indicate hunting and gathering territories of different groups. Other evidence suggests that effigy mounds were used for all manner of rites and ceremonies, from birth ceremonies to funeral rites.

## Appearance

### Common shapes

Common shapes for effigy mounds include birds, bear, deer, bison, lynx, panther, turtles, and water spirits. These are somewhat arbitrary names given to the mound shapes by archaeologists who were simply looking for words that would help them classify the mounds. These shapes were most likely chosen for their particular religious or spiritual significance. The earliest mounds are 'conical'; they are essentially bumps of earth - the simplest and arguably the most intuitive kind of burial. Successive conicals likely evolved into linear mounds. Bird mounds likely came next as modifying a linear mound to make a bird mound required only the addition of a head and a tail. From there many different animal forms emerged. These often expressed a kind of abstract elongation.

### Aesthetics

In addition to the obvious elongation of tails and the abstracted nature of many of the shapes, colored silts and sand were often used to decorate the mounds. The land was often scraped or raked to move earth from surface soils towards a new mound and in doing so, artful colored sand and silt patterning was sometimes employed as adornment. In terms of positioning, some mounds may have had celestial alignments although with certainty bird mounds were placed in such a way as to suggest that they were flying up or down a hillside, and animal mounds were often placed so as to suggest animals walking along natural landform as well such as a ridge or hillside. It is possible that predominant wind patterns may have been taken into consideration when choosing locations and orientations for bird mounds. In addition bird mounds sometimes appear in different conformations where the wings of the bird may be folded or unfolded to different degrees, suggesting various postures in flying. There are some instances where these different poses may suggest a freeze frame view of a bird flying - wings outstretched, wings partially folded, and wings outstretched again.

Hochunk ancestors naturally buried their dead next to lakes and rivers, and on hillsides. These locations would later become valued as some of the best places to live by settlers. This is one factor that contributed to high rates of mound destruction. Many mounds were destroyed by people grading earth surrounding their houses or what would become the foundations of houses. In some cases linear mounds were used as foundational fill for new house construction. Looting of mounds by settlers was common and this also contributed to the destruction and defacement of many.

### Locations

According to the National Park Service, the area in which effigy mounds are found "extends from Dubuque, Iowa, north into southeast Minnesota, across southern Wisconsin from the Mississippi to Lake Michigan, and along the Wisconsin–Illinois boundary." The mounds of the Mississippi river regions in Wisconsin and Iowa most commonly feature imagery of the bear and the bird, while the mounds of the Lake Michigan and Winnebago areas most commonly feature water spirits, such as turtle and panther mounds.

### Contents

The Effigy Mound Builders buried one, two, or three people in a single mound. These burials were most often done singly   one atop the other in successive years. The effigy mound builders did not include with their dead the wealth of material the Ohio Hopewellians did. This almost complete lack of artifacts accompanying the dead clearly indicates a culture distinct from the Hopewellian, even though mounds with Hopewell-type grave goods have been excavated in the same area, and apparently were constructed at roughly the same time as the effigy mounds. Some have speculated that due to the lack of burial goods, that the effigy mound builders were egalitarian peoples.

## Current condition

### Preservation

Hundreds of effigy mounds have been lost due to plowing, farming, and other development. Many of the remaining effigy mound sites are parts of national, state, county, or municipal parks. After many archeological excavations in the 1950s and 1960s, archeologists began discussing the wisdom and the ethics behind such excavations. The U.S. National Park Service explains, "when a mound is excavated, its value as a scientific object of study is greatly reduced or destroyed." All effigy mounds are currently protected under state laws that prohibit disturbance to burial sites or, if on federal or tribal land, the Archaeological Resources Protection Act, the Antiquities Act, and the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.

## Sources


title: (−)-sabinene synthase

abstract:
(−)-Sabinene synthase (EC 4.2.3.109) is an enzyme with systematic name geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase [cyclizing, (−)-sabinene-forming]. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
  - geranyl diphosphate ⇌ (−)-sabinene + diphosphate This enzyme requires Mg2+.

text:
# (−)-sabinene synthase

**(−)-Sabinene synthase** (EC 4.2.3.109) is an enzyme with systematic name **geranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase \[cyclizing, (−)-sabinene-forming\]**. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

geranyl diphosphate $\rightleftharpoons $ (−)-sabinene \+ diphosphate

This enzyme requires Mg2+.

## InfoBox

| (−)-sabinene synthase | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 4.2.3.109 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |


title: 1965 Milwaukee Braves season

abstract: The 1965 Milwaukee Braves season was the 13th and final season for the franchise in Milwaukee along with the 95th season overall. The Braves finished the season with an 86–76 (.531) record, 11 games behind the eventual World Series champion Los Angeles Dodgers. The Braves were managed by Bobby Bragan and played their home games at County Stadium. It was the thirteenth consecutive winning season for the Braves, who never had a losing season during their time in Milwaukee. The final home game was on September 22 and the season's home attendance sank to 555,584. The franchise had attempted to move to Atlanta shortly after the 1964 season; it was delayed a year, and the team relocated for the 1966 season. The Milwaukee Braves compiled a 1,146-890 won-loss record for a.563 winning percentage in 2,036 games. They averaged 88.2 wins per season. Milwaukee went four seasons without major league baseball (1966–1969); the expansion Seattle Pilots of the American League played just one season in 1969 and became the Milwaukee Brewers in April 1970.

text:
# 1965 Milwaukee Braves season

The **1965 Milwaukee Braves season** was the 13th and final season for the franchise in Milwaukee along with the 95th season overall. The Braves finished the season with an 86–76 (.531) record, 11 games behind the eventual World Series champion Los Angeles Dodgers. The Braves were managed by Bobby Bragan and played their home games at County Stadium.

It was the thirteenth consecutive winning season for the Braves, who never had a losing season during their time in Milwaukee. The final home game was on September 22 and the season's home attendance sank to 555,584. The franchise had attempted to move to Atlanta shortly after the 1964 season; it was delayed a year, and the team relocated for the 1966 season.

The Milwaukee Braves compiled a 1,146-890 won-loss record for a .563 winning percentage in 2,036 games. They averaged 88.2 wins per season.

Milwaukee went four seasons without major league baseball (19661969); the expansion Seattle Pilots of the American League played just one season in 1969 and became the Milwaukee Brewers in April 1970.

## Offseason

## Regular season

### Season standings

National League
| Team |  |  | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Los Angeles Dodgers | 97 | 65 | .599 |  | 5031 | 4734 |
| San Francisco Giants | 95 | 67 | .586 | 2 | 5130 | 4437 |
| Pittsburgh Pirates | 90 | 72 | .556 | 7 | 4932 | 4140 |
| Cincinnati Reds | 89 | 73 | .549 | 8 | 4932 | 4041 |
| Milwaukee Braves | 86 | 76 | .531 | 11 | 4437 | 4239 |
| Philadelphia Phillies | 85 | 76 | .528 | 11½ | 4535 | 4041 |
| St. Louis Cardinals | 80 | 81 | .497 | 16½ | 4239 | 3842 |
| Chicago Cubs | 72 | 90 | .444 | 25 | 4041 | 3249 |
| Houston Astros | 65 | 97 | .401 | 32 | 3645 | 2952 |
| New York Mets | 50 | 112 | .309 | 47 | 2952 | 2160 |

### Record vs. opponents

|
Sources: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | CHC | CIN | HOU | LAD | MIL | NYM | PHI | PIT | SF | STL |
| Chicago |  | 7–11 | 8–10 | 8–10 | 9–9 | 11–7–1 | 8–10 | 5–13 | 6–12 | 10–8–1 |
| Cincinnati | 11–7 |  | 12–6 | 6–12 | 12–6 | 11–7 | 13–5 | 8–10 | 6–12 | 10–8 |
| Houston | 10–8 | 6–12 |  | 5–13 | 4–14 | 14–4 | 6–12 | 8–10 | 3–15 | 9–9 |
| Los Angeles | 10–8 | 12–6 | 13–5 |  | 10–8 | 12–6 | 9–9 | 9–9 | 10–8 | 12–6 |
| Milwaukee | 9–9 | 6–12 | 14–4 | 8–10 |  | 13–5 | 6–12 | 9–9 | 10–8 | 11–7 |
| New York | 7–11–1 | 7–11 | 4–14 | 6–12 | 5–13 |  | 7–11–1 | 4–14 | 5–13 | 5–13 |
| Philadelphia | 10–8 | 5–13 | 12–6 | 9–9 | 12–6 | 11–7–1 |  | 8–10 | 8–10 | 10–7 |
| Pittsburgh | 13–5 | 10–8 | 10–8 | 9–9 | 9–9 | 14–4 | 10–8 |  | 11–7–1 | 4–14 |
| San Francisco | 12–6 | 12–6 | 15–3 | 8–10 | 8–10 | 13–5 | 10–8 | 7–11–1 |  | 10–8 |
| St. Louis | 8–10–1 | 8–10 | 9–9 | 6–12 | 7–11 | 13–5 | 7–10 | 14–4 | 8–10 |  |

### Notable transactions

### Roster

| 1965 Milwaukee Braves | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Roster** | | | | | | | | | |
| **Pitchers** |  | **Catchers** **Infielders** |  | **Outfielders** |  | **Manager** **Coaches** |

## Player stats

### Batting

#### Starters by position

*Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Pos | Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C | Joe Torre | 148 | 523 | 152 | .291 | 27 | 80 |
| 1B | Felipe Alou | 143 | 555 | 165 | .297 | 23 | 78 |
| 2B | Frank Bolling | 148 | 535 | 141 | .264 | 7 | 50 |
| SS | Woody Woodward | 112 | 265 | 55 | .208 | 0 | 11 |
| 3B | Eddie Mathews | 156 | 546 | 137 | .251 | 32 | 95 |
| LF | Rico Carty | 83 | 271 | 84 | .310 | 10 | 35 |
| CF | Mack Jones | 143 | 504 | 132 | .262 | 31 | 75 |
| RF | Hank Aaron | 150 | 570 | 181 | .318 | 32 | 89 |

#### Other batters

*Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Gene Oliver | 122 | 392 | 106 | .270 | 21 | 58 |
| Ty Cline | 123 | 220 | 42 | .191 | 0 | 10 |
| Denis Menke | 71 | 181 | 44 | .243 | 4 | 18 |
| Mike de la Hoz | 81 | 176 | 45 | .256 | 2 | 11 |
| Sandy Alomar Sr. | 67 | 108 | 26 | .241 | 0 | 8 |
| Jesse Gonder | 31 | 53 | 8 | .151 | 1 | 5 |
| Lee Maye | 15 | 53 | 16 | .302 | 2 | 7 |
| Lou Klimchock | 34 | 39 | 3 | .077 | 0 | 3 |
| Frank Thomas | 15 | 33 | 7 | .212 | 0 | 1 |
| Gary Kolb | 24 | 27 | 7 | .259 | 0 | 1 |
| Billy Cowan | 19 | 27 | 5 | .185 | 0 | 0 |
| Don Dillard | 20 | 19 | 3 | .158 | 1 | 3 |
| Tommie Aaron | 8 | 16 | 3 | .188 | 0 | 1 |
| Johnny Blanchard | 10 | 10 | 1 | .100 | 1 | 2 |
| Jim Beauchamp | 4 | 3 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 0 |

### Pitching

#### Starting pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Tony Cloninger | 40 | 279.0 | 24 | 11 | 3.29 | 211 |
| Wade Blasingame | 38 | 224.2 | 16 | 10 | 3.77 | 117 |
| Ken Johnson | 29 | 179.2 | 13 | 8 | 3.21 | 123 |
|

#### Other pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Denny Lemaster | 32 | 146.1 | 7 | 13 | 4.43 | 111 |
| Bob Sadowski | 34 | 123.0 | 5 | 9 | 4.32 | 78 |
| Hank Fischer | 31 | 122.2 | 8 | 9 | 3.89 | 79 |
| Dick Kelley | 21 | 45.0 | 1 | 1 | 3.00 | 31 |

#### Relief pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | W | L | SV | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Billy O'Dell | 62 | 10 | 6 | 19 | 2.18 | 78 |
| Dan Osinski | 61 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 2.82 | 54 |
| Phil Niekro | 41 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 2.89 | 49 |
| Clay Carroll | 19 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4.41 | 16 |
| Chi-Chi Olivo | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1.38 | 11 |
| Bobby Tiefenauer | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7.71 | 7 |
| Dave Eilers | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12.27 | 1 |

## Farm system

| Level | Team | League | Manager |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| AAA | Atlanta Crackers | International League | Bill Adair |
| AA | Austin Braves | Texas League | Buddy Hicks |
|  | West Palm Beach Braves | Florida State League | Andy Pafko |
|  | Yakima Braves | Northwest League | Hub Kittle |
| Rookie | FRL Braves | Florida Rookie League | Paul Snyder |

## InfoBox

| 1965 Milwaukee Braves | |
| --- | --- |
| League | National League |
| Ballpark | Milwaukee County Stadium |
| City | Milwaukee, Wisconsin |
| Record | 86–76 (.531) |
| League place | 5th |
| Owners | William Bartholomay (chairman) |
| General managers | John McHale |
| Managers | Bobby Bragan |
| Television | WSB-TV (Atlanta)
(Mel Allen, Ernie Johnson, Hank Morgan) |
| Radio | WEMP
(Merle Harmon, Blaine Walsh)
WSB (Atlanta)
(Mel Allen, Ernie Johnson, Hank Morgan) |
|  | |


title: 1967 Tasmanian fires

abstract: The 1967 Tasmanian fires were an Australian natural disaster which occurred on 7 February 1967, an event which came to be known as the Black Tuesday bushfires. They were the most deadly bushfires that Tasmania has ever experienced, leaving 64 people dead, 900 injured and over seven thousand homeless.

text:
# 1967 Tasmanian fires

The **1967 Tasmanian fires** were an Australian natural disaster which occurred on 7 February 1967, an event which came to be known as the **Black Tuesday** bushfires. They were the most deadly bushfires that Tasmania has ever experienced, leaving 64 people dead, 900 injured and over seven thousand homeless.

## Extent of the fires

110 separate fire fronts burnt through some 2,640 square kilometres (652,000 acres) of land in southern Tasmania within the space of five hours. Fires raged from near Hamilton and Bothwell to the D'Entrecasteaux Channel as well as Snug. There was extensive damage to agricultural property along the Channel, the Derwent Valley and the Huon Valley. Fires also destroyed forest, public infrastructure and properties around Mount Wellington and many small towns along the Derwent estuary and east of Hobart.

## Death toll and damage

The worst of the fires was the **Hobart Fire**, which encroached upon the city of Hobart. In total, the fires claimed 64 lives in a single day. Property loss was also extensive with 1293 homes and over 1700 other buildings destroyed. The fires destroyed 80 bridges, 4800 sections of power lines, 1500 motor vehicles and over 100 other structures. It was estimated that at least 62,000 farm animals were killed. The total damage amounted to $40,000,000 in 1967 Australian dollar values. The resulting insurance payout was the then largest in Australian history. In 2017 2 more people that had died were officially recognised as victims of the bushfires, they had previously been excluded as the deaths had not been investigated by the coroner at the time. This took the death toll from 62 to 64 people.

## Causes

The late winter and early spring of 1966 had been wet over southeastern Tasmania, resulting in a large amount of vegetation growth by November. However, in November, Tasmania began its driest eight-month period since 1885, and by the end of January 1967 the luxuriant growth in the area had dried off. Though January was a cool month, hot weather began early in February, so that in the days leading up to 7 February 1967, several bush fires were burning uncontrolled in the areas concerned. Some of these fires had been deliberately lit for burning off, despite the extremely dry conditions at the time. Reports into the causes of the fire stated that only 22 of the 110 fires were started accidentally.

Shortly before midday on the 7th, a combination of extremely high temperatures, (the maximum was 39 °C (102 °F)), very low humidity and very strong winds from the northwest led to disaster.

Although this fire was by far the worst in loss of life and property in Tasmanian history, the meteorological conditions are common. McArthur's report on the fire notes that "very similar conditions have occurred on three or four occasions during the past 70 years."

## Comparison with other major Australian bushfires

If considered in terms of both loss of property and loss of life, in 1967 this represented one of the worst disasters to have occurred in Australia. It is comparable in scale with the 1939 Black Friday bushfires in Victoria (where the loss of 72 lives was nevertheless spread over several days) and the subsequent 1983 Ash Wednesday bushfires in Victoria and South Australia, which claimed 75 lives and razed over 2,000 homes. The 2009 Black Saturday bushfires north of Melbourne, and elsewhere in Victoria, in which 173 people died, share the same commencement date of 7 February.

Australian National University history professor Tom Griffiths has described the 1967 fires as marking the advent of a "new type" of bushfire in which suburban areas of large cities were threatened, contrasting with earlier major fires which had solely occurred in rural areas.

## Memorial

A memorial for the 1967 Bushfires was built at Snug in the Kingborough municipality, south of Hobart, where a plaque with the names of the 62 people killed is fixed to a brick chimney. The memorial has storyboards telling the story of the 1967 fires, as well as bushfire preparedness information. It is surrounded by a garden of fire resistant native plants. In 2017 2 more people that had died were officially recognised as victims of the bushfires and added to the plaque making the total 64 people.

### Citations

### Sources

## Further reading

* Chambers, D.M. and Brettingham-Moore, C.G. (1967) *The bush fire disaster of 7 February 1967 : report and summary of evidence (excluding appendices)* ( Solicitor-General (Mr. D. M. Chambers) and the Master and Registrar of the Supreme Court (Mr. C. G. Brettingham-Moore). Hobart, Tasmania: Office of the Solicitor-General.
* Wettenhall, R. L. (1975) *Bushfire disaster : an Australian community in crisis* Sydney, NSW: Angus & Robertson. ISBN 0-207-12921-5.
* Williamson, Rosemary (2019). "Seeing for Himself: Harold Holt, Bushfire and Newspaper Depictions of Prime Ministerial Empathy". *Journal of Australian Studies*. **43** (2): 249–261. doi:10.1080/14443058.2019.1614647. S2CID 182134034.

## InfoBox

| 1967 "Black Tuesday" Tasmanian Bushfires | |
| --- | --- |
| Burnt hills from Princes St, Sandy Bay, Hobart | |
| Date(s) | 7 February 1967 (1967-02-07) |
| Location | Throughout Tasmania |
| Statistics | |
| Burned area | 2,642.7 square kilometres (653,025 acres) |
| Impacts | |
| Deaths | 64 |
| Non-fatal injuries | 900+ |
| Structures destroyed | 1,293 houses |
| Damage | A$101,000,000 |
| Ignition | |
| Cause | heat wave, back-burning, arson |


title: Angadenia berteroi

abstract: Angadenia berteroi, the pineland golden trumpet, is a plant species in the family Apocynaceae, first described in 1844. It is native to Florida, North Carolina, Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and the Turks & Caicos Islands.

text:
# Angadenia berteroi

***Angadenia berteroi***, the **pineland golden trumpet**, is a plant species in the family Apocynaceae, first described in 1844. It is native to Florida (Monroe \+ Dade Counties), North Carolina (Washington County), Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and the Turks & Caicos Islands.

## InfoBox

| Pineland golden trumpet | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Apocynaceae |
| Genus: | *Angadenia* |
| Species: | ***A. berteroi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Angadenia berteroi***
(A.DC.) Miers | |
|


title: (A Little Touch Of) Baroque in Winter

abstract: (A Little Touch of) Baroque in Winter is a 1995 Christmas EP by Takako Minekawa.

text:
# (A Little Touch Of) Baroque in Winter

***(A Little Touch of) Baroque in Winter*** is a 1995 Christmas EP by Takako Minekawa.

## Track listing

1. "Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring" – 3:03
2. "Christmas Wish" – 2:51
3. "La Valse Grise n° 3 on Aminúre" – 1:45
4. "Snow Frolic" – 1:57

## InfoBox

| (A Little Touch of) Baroque in Winter | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Takako Minekawa | |
| Released | December 1, 1995 |
| Genre | Shibuya-kei |
| Label | Polystar |
| Takako Minekawa chronology | |
| *Chat Chat*
(1995) ***(A Little Touch of) Baroque in Winter***
(1995) *Roomic Cube*
(1996) | |


title: 1960 Paraguayan parliamentary election

text:
# 1960 Paraguayan parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Paraguay in 1960 after President Alfredo Stroessner had dissolved Congress. The elections were boycotted by the opposition in protest at insufficient guarantees of freedom. Subsequently all 60 seats were won by the Colorado Party.

## Results

| Party | | Votes | % | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Colorado Party |  | | 60 |
| Total | |  | | 60 |
|  | | | | |
| Total votes | | 271,452 |  |  |
| Source: Nohlen, Countries Quest | | | | |


title: 1994 Football League Trophy final

abstract: The 1994 Autoglass Trophy Final was the 11th final of the domestic football cup competition for teams from Second Division and Third Division for the Football League Trophy. The Final was played at Wembley Stadium, London on 24 April 1994. The match was contested by Huddersfield Town and Swansea City. Swansea City won the match 3–1 on penalties after drawing 1–1 in normal and extra time. The match was Swansea City's first ever match at Wembley. Huddersfield Town, by comparison, had played there on three previous occasions in the 1928, 1930 and 1938 FA Cup Finals and losing all three of them.

text:
# 1994 Football League Trophy final

The **1994 Autoglass Trophy Final** was the 11th final of the domestic football cup competition for teams from Second Division and Third Division for the Football League Trophy. The Final was played at Wembley Stadium, London on 24 April 1994. The match was contested by Huddersfield Town and Swansea City. Swansea City won the match 3–1 on penalties after drawing 1–1 in normal and extra time.

The match was Swansea City's first ever match at Wembley. Huddersfield Town, by comparison, had played there on three previous occasions in the 1928, 1930 and 1938 FA Cup Finals and losing all three of them.

## Match details

| Huddersfield Town | 1–1 (a.e.t.) | Swansea City |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Logan  60' | Report | McFarlane  8' |
| Penalties | | |
| Mitchell
Scully
Starbuck
Cowan | 1–3 | Cornforth
Ampadu
Torpey |

Wembley Stadium, LondonAttendance: 47,773Referee: Jim Rushton (Stoke-on-Trent)

| **1** Steve Francis  **2** Chris Billy  **3** Tom Cowan  **4** Phil Starbuck  **5** Pat Scully  **6** Graham Mitchell  **7** Richard Logan  **8** Phil Robinson  **9** Andy Booth  **10** Darren Bullock  45'  **11** Simon Baldry  **Substitutes:**  **12** Peter Jackson  **13** Kevin Blackwell  **14** Iain Dunn  45'  **Manager:**  Neil Warnock | **1** Roger Freestone  **2** Steve Jenkins  **3** Michael Basham  **4** Mark Harris  **5** Mark Clode  68'  **6** Colin Pascoe  **7** John Cornforth  **8** Kwame Ampadu  **9** Jason Bowen  **10** Andy McFarlane  **11** John Hodge  83'  **Substitutes:**  Jon Ford  68'  Steve Torpey  83'   **Manager:**  Frank Burrows |
| --- | --- |

## Road to Wembley

### Huddersfield Town

### Swansea City

## InfoBox

1994 Autoglass Trophy Final
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Event | 1993–94 Football League Trophy |
|  | |
| Swansea won 3–1 on penalties | |
| Date | 24 April 1994 |
| Venue | Wembley Stadium, London |
| Referee | Jim Rushton (Stoke-on-Trent) |
| Attendance | 47,773 |
|


title: Endotricha peterella

abstract: Endotricha peterella is a species of snout moth in the genus Endotricha. It was described by Paul E. S. Whalley in 1963, and is known from Caroline Island.

text:
# Endotricha peterella

***Endotricha peterella*** is a species of snout moth in the genus *Endotricha*. It was described by Paul E. S. Whalley in 1963, and is known from Caroline Island.

## InfoBox

| *Endotricha peterella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Endotricha* |
| Species: | ***E. peterella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Endotricha peterella***<br>Whalley, 1963 | |
|


title: Emmanuel Desurvire

abstract: Emmanuel Desurvire is a French researcher and writer. He is the recipient of 2007 John Tyndall Award.

text:
# Emmanuel Desurvire

**Emmanuel Desurvire** (born 1955) is a French researcher and writer. He is the recipient of 2007 John Tyndall Award.

## Early life

Desurvire was born in 1955, in Boulogne, France to Raymond Desurvire, an aircraft engineer and Marcelle Desurvire, a psychologist.

Desurvire attended University of Paris where he received his M.S. degree in theoretical physics in 1981 and University of Nice, where he completed his Ph.D. in 1983.

## Career

In 2005, he was awarded with the William Streifer Scientific Achievement Award.

In 1998, he received Benjamin Franklin Medal.

In 2007, he received John Tyndall Award for his contributions in the development of Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers.

## Awards


title: 1942 Michigan Wolverines football team

abstract: The 1942 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1942 Big Ten Conference football season. The 1942 team compiled a record of 7–3 and was ranked No. 9 in the final Associated Press poll. The team's line that included Albert Wistert, Merv Pregulman, Julius Franks, Elmer Madar, Robert Kolesar, Bill Pritula and Philip Sharpe and was known as the "Seven Oak Posts."

text:
# 1942 Michigan Wolverines football team

1942 Big Ten Conference football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| No. 1 Ohio State $ | 5 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 9 |  | 1 |  | 0 |
| No. 3 Wisconsin | 4 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 8 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
| No. 9 Michigan | 3 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 7 |  | 3 |  | 0 |
| Illinois | 3 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 6 |  | 4 |  | 0 |
| Iowa | 3 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 6 |  | 4 |  | 0 |
| No. 19 Minnesota | 3 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 4 |  | 0 |
| Indiana | 2 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 7 |  | 3 |  | 0 |
| Purdue | 1 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  |  | 1 |  | 8 |  | 0 |
| Northwestern | 0 |  | 6 |  | 0 |  |  | 1 |  | 9 |  | 0 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * $  Conference champion Rankings from AP Poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1942 Michigan Wolverines football team** represented the University of Michigan in the 1942 Big Ten Conference football season. The 1942 team compiled a record of 73 and was ranked No. 9 in the final Associated Press poll. The team's line that included Albert Wistert, Merv Pregulman, Julius Franks (U-M's first African-American All-American), Elmer Madar, Robert Kolesar, Bill Pritula and Philip Sharpe and was known as the "Seven Oak Posts."

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 26 | Great Lakes Navy* |  |  | W 9–0 | 17,031 |
| October 3 | Michigan State* |  | * Michigan Stadium * Ann Arbor, MI (rivalry) | W 20–0 | 40,023 |
| October 10 | Iowa Pre-Flight* |  | * Michigan Stadium * Ann Arbor, MI | L 14–26 | 36,839 |
| October 17 | Northwestern | No. 3 | * Michigan Stadium * Ann Arbor, MI (rivalry) | W 34–16 | 32,188 |
| October 24 | at No. 13 Minnesota | No. 4 |  | L 14–16 | 49,181 |
| October 31 | No. 12 Illinois | No. 13 | * Michigan Stadium * Ann Arbor, MI (series) | W 28–14 | 33,826 |
| November 7 | Harvard* | No. 11 | * Michigan Stadium * Ann Arbor, MI | W 35–7 | 25,305 |
| November 14 | at No. 4 Notre Dame* | No. 6 |  | W 32–20 | 54,412 |
| November 21 | at No. 5 Ohio State | No. 4 |  | L 7–21 | 71,691 |
| November 28 | Iowa | No. 9 | * Michigan Stadium * Ann Arbor, MI | W 28–14 | 20,923 |
| * \*Non-conference game * Homecoming * Rankings from AP Poll released prior to the game | | | | | |

## Rankings

Ranking movements
**Legend:** ██ Increase in ranking ██ Decrease in ranking
( ) = First-place votes
|  | Week | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Poll | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | Final |
| AP | 3 (12) | 4 (2) | 13 | 11 | 6 | 4 (3) | 9 | 9 |

## Season summary

### Week 1: Great Lakes Navy

**Week 1: Great Lakes Navy at Michigan**
| 1 2 3 4 Total  Great Lakes Navy 0 0 0 0 0  **Michigan** 0 6 3 0 **9** |
| --- |

On September 26, 1942, Michigan opened the season against the Great Lakes Navy Bluejackets football team. The Great Lakes team was an all-star team of players serving in the Navy. It included 13 players who had been named All-Americans (Urban Odson and Pete Kmetovic) and some who had been playing in the NFL (Carl Mulleneaux, Rudy Mucha, and Gust Zarnas) before the war. The *Ann Arbor News* reported that Great Lakes was favored by 35 points. Only 17,087 fans attended the game, making it the smallest crowd at Michigan Stadium since 1931. The game marked the debut of Bob Chappuis, who led the team on a 92-yard touchdown drive in the second quarter. The touchdown came on a pass from Chappuis to Paul White. Michigan added a field goal by Jim Brieske in the third quarter. Michigan shut out the heavily favored Great Lakes team, 9-0.

Michigan's starting lineup against Great Lakes was Madar (left end), Wistert (left tackle), Kolesar (right guard), Pregulman (center), Franks (right guard), Pritula (right tackle), Sharpe (right end), Ceithaml (quarterback), Wise (left halfback), White (right halfback), and Wiese (fullback).

### Week 2: Michigan State

**Week 2: Michigan State at Michigan**
| 1 2 3 4 Total  Mich. St. 0 0 0 0 0  **Michigan** 0 0 13 7 **20** |
| --- |

In the second week of the season, Michigan played Michigan State College. Playing in Ann Arbor in front of 39,163 spectators (the smallest crowd to see a Michigan-Michigan State game since 1935), the Wolverines defeated the Spartans, 20–0. With Don Kuzma injured, Don Robinson got the start at left halfback. Robinson scored the first touchdown for Michigan in the third quarter. Frank Wardley and Warren Yaap also scored touchdowns for Michigan. Jim Briske converted two PATs.

Michigan's starting lineup against Michigan State was Sharpe (left end), Wistert (left tackle), Kolesar (right guard), Pregulman (center), Franks (right guard), Pritula (right tackle), Madar (right end), Ceithaml (quarterback), Robinson (left halfback), White (right halfback), and Wiese (fullback).

### Week 3: Iowa Pre-Flight

**Week 3: Iowa Pre-Flight at Michigan**
| 1 2 3 4 Total  **Iowa Pre-Flight** 0 13 0 13 26  Michigan 7 7 0 0 **14** |
| --- |

In the third week of the season, Michigan played the football team from the U.S. Navy pre-flight school at the University of Iowa. The Iowa Pre-Flight team was coached by Bernie Bierman, who came into the game with a 20-game winning streak, and led by quarterback Forest Evashevski, who had played for Michigan from 1938 to 1940. Playing in Ann Arbor in front of 34,124 spectators, Michigan took a 14-0 lead on touchdown pass from Don Robinson to Bob Wiese and from Elmer Madar to Bob Chappuis. The Iowa pre-flight cadets responded with 26 unanswered points and won the game, 26-14. The game was Bierman's ninth straight victory (including games at Minnesota) over Michigan. Bierman had been responsible for five of Fritz Crisler's losses to that date since he joined Michigan in 1938.

Michigan's starting lineup against the Iowa pre-fight cadets was Sharpe (left end), Wistert (left tackle), Kolesar (right guard), Pregulman (center), Franks (right guard), Pritula (right tackle), Madar (right end), Ceithaml (quarterback), Robinson (left halfback), Warbley (right halfback), and Wiese (fullback).

### Week 4: Northwestern

**Week 4: Northwestern at #3 Michigan**
| 1 2 3 4 Total  Northwestern 0 3 0 13 16  **Michigan** 7 14 6 7 **34** |
| --- |

In the fourth week of the season, Michigan opened its Big Ten Conference schedule with a 34-16 win over Northwestern in Ann Arbor. After missing the first three games, Tom Kuzma returned to the lineup in the game. Kuzma scored a touchdown in the third quarter. Paul White scored twice, and Bob Wiese scored once. Merv Pregulman also scored in the fourth quarter after intercepting an Otto Graham pass and returning it 34 yards for a touchdown. Jim Brieske converted four of five PATs. Northwestern's All-American Otto Graham completed 20 of 29 passes for 295 yards, but Michigan's defense held the Wildcats to only 26 rushing yards.

Michigan's starting lineup against Northwestern was Sharpe (left end), Wistert (left tackle), Kolesar (right guard), Pregulman (center), Franks (right guard), Pritula (right tackle), Madar (right end), Ceithaml (quarterback), Robinson (left halfback), White (right halfback), and Wiese (fullback).

### Week 5: at Minnesota

**Week 5: #4 Michigan at #13 Minnesota**
| 1 2 3 4 Total  Michigan 7 0 0 7 14  **Minnesota** 0 7 7 7 **21** |
| --- |

In the fifth week of the season, Michigan traveled to Minneapolis and lost to Minnesota, 14-21. Tom Kuzma ran for touchdowns in the first and fourth quarters, and Jim Brieske converted both PATs. Bill Daley, who would go on to play for Michigan in 1943, ran 44 yards for a tying touchdown in the second quarter.

Michigan's starting lineup against Minnesota was Sharpe (left end), Wistert (left tackle), Kolesar (right guard), Pregulman (center), Franks (right guard), Pritula (right tackle), Madar (right end), Ceithaml (quarterback), Kuzma (left halfback), White (right halfback), and Lund (fullback).

### Week 6: Illinois

**Week 6: #12 Illinois at #13 Michigan**
| 1 2 3 4 Total  Illinois 0 7 0 7 14  **Michigan** 7 7 7 7 **28** |
| --- |

In the sixth week of the season, Michigan defeated Illinois, 28-14, in front of 33,826 fans at Michigan Stadium. Michigan touchdowns were scored by Paul White, Bob Chappuis, Bob Wiese, and Bob Stenberg. Wiese's touchdown came on a 19-yard pass from Tom Kuzma. Jim Brieske converted all four PATs for Michigan.

Michigan's starting lineup against Illinois was Madar (left end), Wistert (left tackle), Kolesar (right guard), Pregulman (center), Franks (right guard), Pritula (right tackle), Sharpe (right end), Ceithaml (quarterback), Kuzma (left halfback), White (right halfback), and Boor (fullback).

### Week 7: Harvard

**Week 7: Harvard at #11 Michigan**
| 1 2 3 4 Total  Harvard 0 0 7 0 7  **Michigan** 7 21 0 7 **35** |
| --- |

In the seventh week of the season, Michigan defeated Harvard, 35-7, in front of 25,534 fans at Michigan Stadium. Right halfback Paul White ran for two touchdowns, and Tom Kuzma ran for another. Elmer Madar also scored on a 53-yard interception return. Michigan's final touchdown came on a 32-yard pass play from Bob Chappuis to White. Stenberg also scored on a touchdown pass from Wiese. Jim Brieske converted all five PATs for Michigan.

Michigan's starting lineup against Harvard was Sharpe (left end), Wistert (left tackle), \_____ (right guard), Pregulman (center), Franks (right guard), Pritula (right tackle), Madar (right end), Ceithaml (quarterback), Kuzma (left halfback), White (right halfback), and Wiese (fullback).

### Week 8: at Notre Dame

**Week 8: #6 Michigan at #4 Notre Dame**
| 1 2 3 4 Total  **Michigan** 7 6 19 0 32  Notre Dame 7 7 0 6 **20** |
| --- |

In the eighth week of the season, Michigan traveled to Notre Dame and defeated the Fighting Irish, 32-20 in front of a capacity crowd of 57,500. Michigan's total of 32 points was the most scored against Notre Dame since 1905. Michigan's first touchdown came on a quarterback sneak by George Ceithaml from the one-yard line. Robinson ran for Michigan's second touchdown on a fake field goal attempt from the four-yard line. Tom Kuzma scored two touchdowns in the second half.

Michigan's starting lineup against Harvard was Sharpe (left end), Wistert (left tackle), Kolesar (right guard), Pregulman (center), Franks (right guard), Pritula (right tackle), Madar (right end), Ceithaml (quarterback), Kuzma (left halfback), White (right halfback), and Wiese (fullback).

### Week 9: at Ohio State

**Week 9: #4 Michigan at #5 Ohio State**
| 1 2 3 4 Total  Michigan 0 0 7 0 7  **Ohio State** 0 7 7 7 **21** |
| --- |

In the ninth week of the season, Michigan traveled to Columbus and lost to Ohio State, 7-21. With the win, Ohio State won the Big Ten championship. Michigan's only touchdown was scored by Bob Wiese in the third quarter.

Michigan's starting lineup against Ohio State was Sharpe (left end), Wistert (left tackle), Kolesar (right guard), Pregulman (center), Franks (right guard), Pritula (right tackle), Madar (right end), Ceithaml (quarterback), Kuzma (left halfback), White (right halfback), and Wiese (fullback).

### Week 10: Iowa

**Week 10: Iowa at #9 Michigan**
| 1 2 3 4 Total  Iowa 0 0 7 7 14  **Michigan** 14 0 0 14 **28** |
| --- |

Michigan concluded the 1942 season with a 28-14 win over Iowa in Ann Arbor. Michigan touchdowns were scored by Tom Kuzma, Bob Wiese, Paul White, and Charles Kennedy. Jim Brieske converted all four PATs.

Michigan's starting lineup against Iowa was Sharpe (left end), Wistert (left tackle), Kolesar (right guard), Pregulman (center), Franks (right guard), Pritula (right tackle), Madar (right end), Ceithaml (quarterback), Kuzma (left halfback), White (right halfback), and Wiese (fullback).

## Players

### Varsity letter winners

### Reserves

* Charles B. Avery - halfback
* William W. Baldwin - tackle
* Cecil Bovee - end
* Fred J. Bryan - end
* Donald J. Cady - tackle
* Otto E. Chady - end
* Clayton Foor - guard
* Robert J. Gage - tackle
* William Gans - guard
* Paul M. Gardner - center
* Louis Goodman - center
* John J. Greene - tackle
* William J. Grey - end
* Peter Gritis - tackle
* John F. Harrigan - quarterback
* James G. Hartrick - guard
* George H. Hildebrandt - guard
* Paul C. Johnson - tackle
* William C. Keenan - halfback
* George C. Kiesel - quarterback
* William E. Kuyper - tackle
* Philip B. Marcellus -tackle
* Frank C. McCarthy - end
* Robert L. McFaddin - center
* Austin S. Miller - fullback
* Philip K. Mooney - center
* Robert L. Morrison - halfback
* Clifton O. Myll - end
* Robert A. Oren - end
* Milton Pergament - quarterback
* Jack E. Petoskey - end
* William R. Rohrbach - guard
* Jerome K. Schaffer - guard
* Donald C. Schorling - guard
* Vincent C. Secontine - tackle
* Robert W. Shemky - end
* Angelo E. Trogan - guard
* Benjamin A. Ungar - tackle
* John S. Vansummern - end
* Howard L. Wikel - fullback
* Warren E. Yaap - halfback

## Awards and honors

## Coaching and training staff

* Trainer: Charles B. Hoyt
* Manager: James D. Kline, Howard DeYoung (assistant), Merritt Bigelow (assistant), Samuel Emmons (assistant), Donald Howell (assistant), Robert Oberfelder (assistant)

## InfoBox

| 1942 Michigan Wolverines football | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Big Ten Conference |
| Ranking | |
| AP | No. 9 |
| Record | 7–3 (3–2 Big Ten) |
| Head coach |  |
| Offensive scheme | Single-wing |
| MVP | Al Wistert |
| Captain | George Ceithaml |
| Home stadium | Michigan Stadium |
|


title: 2005 MLS All-Star Game

abstract: The 2005 Major League Soccer All-Star Game was the 10th Major League Soccer All-Star Game, played on July 30, 2005 at Columbus Crew Stadium in Columbus, Ohio between the MLS All-Stars and Fulham of England. The MLS All-Stars earned a 4–1 victory. Halftime entertainment was provided by Bowling for Soup.

text:
# 2005 MLS All-Star Game

The **2005 Major League Soccer All-Star Game** was the 10th Major League Soccer All-Star Game, played on July 30, 2005 at Columbus Crew Stadium in Columbus, Ohio between the MLS All-Stars and Fulham of England. The MLS All-Stars earned a 4–1 victory.

Halftime entertainment was provided by Bowling for Soup.

## Match details

2005 MLS All-Star Game

| MLS All-Stars | 4–1 | Fulham |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Twellman  23'
O’Brien  56'
Cunningham  85', 89' | Report | Jensen  66' (pen.) |

Columbus Crew Stadium, ColumbusAttendance: 23,309Referee: Ricardo Valenzuela

## InfoBox

Sierra Mist MLS All-Star Game 2005
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Event | 2005 Major League Soccer season |
|  | |
| Date | July 30, 2005 |
| Venue | Columbus Crew Stadium, Columbus, Ohio |
| Man of the Match | Taylor Twellman (New England Revolution) |
| Referee | Ricardo Valenzuela |
| Attendance | 23,309 |
| Weather | Sunny, 82° |
|


title: Ephysteris leptocentra

abstract: Ephysteris leptocentra is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1912. It is found in Sri Lanka, southern India, Bengal and Myanmar. The wingspan is 9–10 mm. The forewings are whitish ochreous, irregularly marbled with pale grey suffusion, the marblings sometimes sprinkled with blackish points. The first discal stigma is very faint and ferruginous, the plical and second discal distinct, blackish, with the plical slightly before the first discal, all these surrounded by clear spaces of ground colour. The hindwings are ochreous whitish or grey whitish.

text:
# Ephysteris leptocentra

***Ephysteris leptocentra*** is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1912. It is found in Sri Lanka, southern India, Bengal and Myanmar.

The wingspan is 9–10 mm. The forewings are whitish ochreous, irregularly marbled with pale grey suffusion, the marblings sometimes sprinkled with blackish points. The first discal stigma is very faint and ferruginous, the plical and second discal distinct, blackish, with the plical slightly before the first discal, all these surrounded by clear spaces of ground colour. The hindwings are ochreous whitish or grey whitish.

## InfoBox

| *Ephysteris leptocentra* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Ephysteris* |
| Species: | ***E. leptocentra*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ephysteris leptocentra***<br>(Meyrick, 1912) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Aristotelia leptocentra* Meyrick, 1912 * *Phthorimaea atalopis* Meyrick, 1918 | |


title: Ensign Racing

abstract: Ensign was a Formula One constructor from Britain. They participated in 133 grands prix, entering a total of 155 cars. Ensign scored 19 championship points and no podium finishes. The best result was a 4th place at the 1981 Brazilian Grand Prix by Marc Surer, who also took fastest lap of the race. Ensign was founded by Morris Nunn who also carried out design duties during the first two seasons of the team's existence. Nunn would later go on to be a prominent chief engineer in the American-based Champ Car series, winning championships with drivers Alex Zanardi and Juan Pablo Montoya in the late 1990s.

text:
# Ensign Racing

**Ensign** was a Formula One constructor from Britain. They participated in 133 grands prix, entering a total of 155 cars. Ensign scored 19 championship points and no podium finishes. The best result was a 4th place at the 1981 Brazilian Grand Prix by Marc Surer, who also took fastest lap of the race.

Ensign was founded by Morris Nunn who also carried out design duties during the first two seasons of the team's existence. Nunn would later go on to be a prominent chief engineer in the American-based Champ Car series, winning championships with drivers Alex Zanardi and Juan Pablo Montoya in the late 1990s.

## Formula One

Ensign entered Formula One in 1973, with backing from pay driver, Rikky von Opel. Von Opel had driven for the team in Formula Three in 1972 and won the Lombard North Central, British Formula Three Championship that year. Based upon that success, von Opel commissioned a Formula One chassis. Their first season was not successful, von Opel only finished two races and the team's best result that season was 13th at the 1973 British Grand Prix. However, the partnership continued into 1974, but von Opel left after the first race of the season, having been offered a works Brabham drive. He was replaced at Ensign by Vern Schuppan whose only finish was 15th at the Belgian Grand Prix and was later himself replaced by Mike Wilds. Wilds only qualified in America; he finished the race after a pit stop for fuel but was not classified, nine laps behind.

For 1975 Ensign was sponsored by HB Bewaking (a Dutch company) leading them to sign Dutch drivers. Roelof Wunderink and Gijs van Lennep. Wunderink did not have much success, qualifying for three races and finishing one. Gijs van Lennep qualified for all his races and took sixth place in Germany, securing the first points for Ensign in Formula One. Chris Amon also raced for the team in Austria and Italy finishing 12th both times. In 1976 Amon stayed with Ensign having great qualifying results. He qualified third in Sweden and sixth in Britain but only took points in Spain where he finished in fifth place. Patrick Nève replaced Amon in France and Hans Binder replaced Amon in Austria. Jacky Ickx would race the rest of the season for Ensign.

In 1977 Clay Regazzoni raced for Ensign, scoring five points with best finishes of fifth in Italy and America. In 1978 the team entered cars for Danny Ongais and Lamberto Leoni, but Ongais left after two races and Leoni after four races. Jacky Ickx contested the next four races and Derek Daly raced the rest of the season scoring a point in Canada. Also in 1978 Nelson Piquet made his debut in Formula 1 at the German Grand Prix at the Hockenheimring driving an Ensign. In 1979 Daly stayed with Ensign but he left after the Monaco Grand Prix and was replaced by Patrick Gaillard. Gaillard only qualified at two out of five races and was replaced by Marc Surer for the final three races of the season.

In 1980 Clay Regazzoni again joined Ensign but at Long Beach Regazzoni's brake pedal broke causing him to go straight on at the Queen's Hairpin crashing into the parked car of Ricardo Zunino leaving him paralyzed. Tiff Needell raced in Belgium, but failed to qualify for the Monaco Grand Prix. Jan Lammers raced the rest of the season.

Marc Surer raced for Ensign in 1981 and finished in fourth place in Brazil where he also took fastest lap of the race. Surer also finished sixth in Monaco. Eliseo Salazar replaced Surer from Spain onwards. Salazar finished sixth in the Netherlands. In 1982 Roberto Guerrero raced for Ensign. He only finished in two races.

Meanwhile, the team was also involved in the last year of British F1 Championship, winning the championship with the old MN180B cars and Jim Crawford as driver.

After the 1982 season, Ensign was merged into the Theodore team, which it had previous ties to via financier Teddy Yip and took that team's name. During many seasons, the connection between Ensign and Theodore was so great that in some years they used almost the same car, much as Red Bull Racing has a second but separate team, Toro Rosso, in more recent times.

Ensign driver Roberto Guerrero continued on with the newly merged team for 1983, as did the team's main car designer. The Theodore F1 team did not last the 1983 season, though, and shut down late in the year.

## Complete Formula One World Championship results

(key)

| Year | Chassis | Engines | Tyres | Drivers | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | Points | WCC |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1973 | N173 | Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 |  |  | ARG | BRA | RSA | ESP | BEL | MON | SWE | FRA | GBR | NED | GER | AUT | ITA | CAN | USA |  |  | 0 | NC |
| | | | Rikky von Opel |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15 | 13 | DNS |  | Ret | Ret | NC | Ret |  |  |
| 1974 | N174 | Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 |  |  | ARG | BRA | RSA | ESP | BEL | MON | SWE | NED | FRA | GBR | GER | AUT | ITA | CAN | USA |  |  | 0 | NC |
| | | | Rikky von Opel | DNS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | | Vern Schuppan |  |  |  |  | 15 | Ret | DSQ | DSQ | DNQ | DNQ | Ret |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | | Mike Wilds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | NC |  |  |
| 1975 | N174
N175 | Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 |  |  | ARG | BRA | RSA | ESP | MON | BEL | SWE | NED | FRA | GBR | GER | AUT | ITA | USA |  |  |  | 1 | 12th |
| | | | Roelof Wunderink |  |  |  | Ret | DNQ |  |  |  |  | DNQ |  | NC | DNQ | Ret |  |  |  |
| | | | Gijs van Lennep |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10 | 15 |  | 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | | Chris Amon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12 | 12 |  |  |  |  |
| 1976 | N174
N176 | Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 |  |  | BRA | RSA | USW | ESP | BEL | MON | SWE | FRA | GBR | GER | AUT | NED | ITA | CAN | USA | JPN |  | 2 | 12th |
| | | | Chris Amon |  | 14 | 8 | 5 | Ret | 13 | Ret |  | Ret | Ret |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | | Patrick Nève |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | | Hans Binder |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ret |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | | Jacky Ickx |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ret | 10 | 13 | Ret |  |  |
| 1977 | N177 | Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 |  |  | ARG | BRA | RSA | USW | ESP | MON | BEL | SWE | FRA | GBR | GER | AUT | NED | ITA | USA | CAN | JPN | 10\* | 10th\* |
| | | | Clay Regazzoni | 6 | Ret | 9 | Ret | Ret | DNQ | Ret | 7 | 7 | DNQ | Ret | Ret | Ret | 5 | 5 | Ret | Ret |
| | | | Jacky Ickx |  |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1978 | N177 | Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 |  |  | ARG | BRA | RSA | USW | MON | BEL | ESP | SWE | FRA | GBR | GER | AUT | NED | ITA | USA | CAN |  | 1 | 13th |
| | | | Danny Ongais | Ret | Ret |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | | Jacky Ickx |  |  |  |  | Ret | 12 | Ret | DNQ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | | Derek Daly |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DNQ | Ret |  | DSQ | Ret | 10 | 8 | 6 |  |
| | | | Nelson Piquet |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ret |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | | Lamberto Leoni | Ret | DNS | DNQ | DNQ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | | Bernard de Dryver |  |  |  |  |  | DNP |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | | Brett Lunger |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |
| 1979 | N177
N179 | Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 |  |  | ARG | BRA | RSA | USW | ESP | BEL | MON | FRA | GBR | GER | AUT | NED | ITA | CAN | USA |  |  | 0 | NC |
| | | | Derek Daly | 11 | 13 | DNQ | Ret | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | | Patrick Gaillard |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DNQ | 13 | DNQ | Ret | DNQ |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | | Marc Surer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DNQ | DNQ | Ret |  |  |
| 1980 | N180 | Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 |  |  | ARG | BRA | RSA | USW | BEL | MON | FRA | GBR | GER | AUT | NED | ITA | CAN | USA |  |  |  | 0 | NC |
| | | | Clay Regazzoni | NC | Ret | 9 | Ret |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | | Tiff Needell |  |  |  |  | Ret | DNQ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | | Jan Lammers |  |  |  |  |  |  | DNQ | DNQ | 14 | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | 12 | Ret |  |  |  |
| | | | Geoff Lees |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ret | DNQ |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1981 | N180B | Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 |
 |  | USW | BRA | ARG | SMR | BEL | MON | ESP | FRA | GBR | GER | AUT | NED | ITA | CAN | CPL |  |  | 5 | 11th |
| | | | Marc Surer | Ret | 4F | Ret | 9 | 11 | 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | | Ricardo Londoño |  | DNP |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | | Eliseo Salazar |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14 | Ret | DNQ | NC | Ret | 6 | Ret | Ret | NC |  |  |
| 1982 | N180B
N181 | Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 |
 |  | RSA | BRA | USW | SMR | BEL | MON | DET | CAN | NED | GBR | FRA | GER | AUT | SUI | ITA | CPL |  | 0 | NC |
| | | | Roberto Guerrero | WD | DNQ | Ret |  | DNQ | DNQ | Ret | Ret | DNQ | Ret | DNQ | 8 | Ret | Ret | NC | DNS |  |

* Includes five points scored by Patrick Tambay in an Ensign N177 entered by Theodore Racing (see below).

### Results of other Ensign cars

(key)

| Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | Tyres | Driver | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1977 | Theodore Racing Hong Kong | N177 | Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 |  |  | ARG | BRA | RSA | USW | ESP | MON | BEL | SWE | FRA | GBR | GER | AUT | NED | ITA | USA | CAN | JPN |
| | | | Patrick Tambay |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ret | 6 | Ret | 5 | Ret | DNQ | 5 | Ret |
| 1978 | Mario Deliotti Racing | N175 | Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 |  |  | ARG | BRA | RSA | USW | MON | BEL | ESP | SWE | FRA | GBR | GER | AUT | NED | ITA | USA | CAN |  |
| | | | Geoff Lees |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DNQ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| | | | Sachs Racing | N177 | Harald Ertl |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11 | Ret | DNPQ | DNPQ |  |  |  |

### Non-championship results

(key)

| Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | Driver | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1974 | Team Ensign | N174 | Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 |  | PRE | ROC | INT |
| | | | | Rikky von Opel |  | DNS |  |
| | | | | Brian Redman |  |  | 8 |
| 1975 | Bewaking Team Ensign | N174 | Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 |  | ROC | INT | SUI |
| | | | | Roelof Wunderink | 10 | Ret |  |
| | | N175 | | Chris Amon |  |  | 9 |
| 1976 | Team Ensign | N174 | Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 |  | ROC | INT |  |
| | | | | Chris Amon | 5 |  |  |
| | | N176 | |  | Ret |  |
| 1977 | Team Ensign | N177 | Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 |  | ROC |  |  |
| | | | | Clay Regazzoni | 13 |  |  |
| 1978 | Tissot Ensign | N177 | Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 |  | INT |  |  |
| | | | | Jacky Ickx | Ret |  |  |
| | | | | Lamberto Leoni | DNA |  |  |
| 1979 | Smith & Jones | N174 | Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 |  | ROC | GNM | DIN |
| | | | | Robin Smith | Ret |  |  |
| 1980 | Unipart Racing Team | N180 | Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 |  | ESP |  |  |
| | | | | Patrick Gaillard | 6 |  |  |
| | ? | | | Brian Henton | DNA |  |  |
| 1981 | Ensign Racing | N180B | Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 |  | RSA |  |  |
| | | | | Marc Surer | Ret |  |  |

## InfoBox

Ensign
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Ensign Racing Team |
| Base | Burntwood, United Kingdom |
| Founder(s) | Mo Nunn |
| Noted drivers | Clay Regazzoni
Chris Amon
Marc Surer
Jacky Ickx
Nelson Piquet
Jan Lammers
Rikky von Opel
Gijs van Lennep
Roelof Wunderink
Tiff Needell |
| Formula One World Championship career | |
| First entry | 1973 French Grand Prix |
| Races entered | 134 (98 starts) |
| Constructors'
Championships | 0 |
| Drivers'
Championships | 0 |
| Race victories | 0 |
| Pole positions | 0 |
| Fastest laps | 1 |
| Final entry | 1982 Caesars Palace Grand Prix |


title: Ensign Township, Michigan

abstract: Ensign Township is a civil township of Delta County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 746 at the 2020 census, slightly down from 748 at the 2010 census.

text:
# Ensign Township, Michigan

**Ensign Township** is a civil township of Delta County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 746 at the 2020 census, slightly down from 748 at the 2010 census.

## Communities

* **Maywood** is an unincorporated community in the township.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 65.8 square miles (170 km2), of which 59.0 square miles (153 km2) is land and 6.8 square miles (18 km2) (10.37%) is water.

### Climate

| Malman Marsh   Climate chart (explanation)   Imperial conversion  J F M A M J J A S O N D  2.5     10 0       2     9 −6       2.2     28 18       3.1     48 28       2.5     55 43       3.6     61 54       4.4     70 59       2.9     66 57       4.6     66 57       4.6     46 41       4.1     45 32       2.5     32 23   Average max. and min. temperatures in °F  Precipitation totals in inches |
| --- |

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 780 people, 327 households, and 236 families residing in the township. The population density was 13.2 inhabitants per square mile (5.1/km2). There were 532 housing units at an average density of 9.0 per square mile (3.5/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 94.62% White, 0.38% African American, 3.85% Native American, and 1.15% from two or more races.

There were 327 households, out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.5% were married couples living together, 4.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.8% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.82.

In the township the population was spread out, with 22.8% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 29.6% from 45 to 64, and 18.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.8 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $39,375, and the median income for a family was $48,906. Males had a median income of $38,438 versus $28,333 for females. The per capita income for the township was $25,546. About 2.1% of families and 4.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.6% of those under age 18 and 4.0% of those age 65 or over.

Fire coverage is provided by the Ensign Township Fire Department. EMS coverage is provided by Masonville EMS.

## InfoBox

| Ensign Township, Michigan | |
| --- | --- |
| Civil township | |
| Location within Delta County | |
| Ensign TownshipLocation within the state of MichiganEnsign TownshipEnsign Township (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 45°52′16″N 86°53′39″W / 45.87111°N 86.89417°W / 45.87111; -86.89417 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Michigan |
| County | Delta |
| Government | |
| Supervisor | John Wolf |
| Area | |
| Total | 65.8 sq mi (170.4 km2) |
| Land | 59.0 sq mi (152.7 km2) |
| Water | 6.8 sq mi (17.7 km2) |
| Elevation | 715 ft (218 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 746 |
| Density | 11/sq mi (4.4/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code(s) | 49878 |
| Area code | 906 |
| FIPS code | 26-26140 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1626242 |


title: 1916 Wabash Little Giants football team

abstract: The 1916 Wabash Little Giants football team represented the Wabash College during the 1916 college football season. Under 2nd year head coach Paul Sheeks, the Little Giants compiled 7–2 record, and outscored their opponents by a total of 241 to 123.

text:
# 1916 Wabash Little Giants football team

The **1916 Wabash Little Giants football team** represented the Wabash College during the 1916 college football season. Under 2nd year head coach Paul Sheeks, the Little Giants compiled 7–2 record, and outscored their opponents by a total of 241 to 123.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 30 | Rose Polytechnic | Crawfordsville, IN | W 24–0 |
| October 7 | Hanover | Crawfordsville, IN | W 38–6 |
| October 14 | at Purdue* |  | L 7–28 |
| October 21 | Butler | Crawfordsville, IN | W 56–0 |
| October 28 | at Notre Dame* |  | L 0–60 |
| November 4 | Earlham | Crawfordsville, IN | W 56–9 |
| November 11 | vs. DePauw | Indianapolis, IN | W 26–13 |
| November 25 | at Marietta* | Marietta, OH | W 20–0 |
| November 30 | at Marquette* | Milwaukee, WI | W 14–7 |
| * \*Non-conference game | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1916 Wabash Little Giants football | |
| --- | --- |
| ICAL champion | |
| Conference | Indiana College Athletic League |
| Record | 7–2 (5–0 ICAL) |
| Head coach |  |
|


title: Army Battle Command System

abstract: The Army Battle Command System (ABCS) is a digital Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence (C4I) system for the US Army. It includes a mix of fixed/semi-fixed and mobile networks. It is also designed for interoperability with US and Coalition C4I systems. Army Battle Command System (ABCS) Version 6.4 is an integrated suite that allows troops to obtain an automated view of friendly activity and supply movement; plan fires, receive situation and intelligence reports, view the airspace and receive automatically disseminated weather reports.

text:
# Army Battle Command System

The **Army Battle Command System (ABCS)** is a digital Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence (C4I) system for the US Army. It includes a mix of fixed/semi-fixed and mobile networks. It is also designed for interoperability with US and Coalition C4I systems.

Army Battle Command System (ABCS) Version 6.4 is an integrated suite that allows troops to obtain an automated view of friendly activity and supply movement; plan fires, receive situation and intelligence reports, view the airspace and receive automatically disseminated weather reports.

## Systems

ABCS is intended to function as a System of systems concept, with the ultimate goal of being similar to what the internet provides to civilians. Similar to how those using the internet have no need to know the location of the network they connect to, ABCS is intended to provide the same capability. In this way, the ABCS system will allow commanders to see multiple systems on one screen and easily transfer data from one to the next. The system also provides up-to-date information on a map-based display.

Despite these capabilities, the system does have limitations. In particular, it does not integrate well with the GCCS systems used for joint operations. This creates a risk of bad data and database errors in such scenarios.

ABCS combines seven packages into a single system:

1. The Maneuver Control System (MCS) allows the operator to define routes and view overlays to provide situational awareness. MCS is being phased out and replaced with "Lightning", an ABCS enabled Flash/Java Program that uses the Web Browser interface. It allows users to publish products from CPOF without using the BCS (Battle Command Server) PASS (Publish and Subscribe Service) Server, making Lightning more flexible as it can be used on any Secret Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRnet-System) as there is no interface software required besides your web browser (Typically IE 8.0 or higher, not compatible with Opera or Firefox at this time.) The system was developed and integrated by Ford Aerospace and Communications Corp. (FACC), Colorado Springs, Colorado.
2. The Air and Missile Defense Workstations (AMDWS) provide soldiers with an Air Defense picture, and supports the Surface Launched Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile (SLAM-RAAM) Air Defense Artillery (ADA) system by providing an automated defense planning capability for deployed units.
3. The Battle Command Sustainment & Support System (BCS3) integrates multiple data sources into one program and provides commanders with a visual layout of battlefield logistics.
4. The All Source Analysis System (ASAS) can analyze incidents and help determine the patterns of Improvised Explosive Device-related incidents. A commander can determine locations that are typical for IED attacks, so that they know to warn their soldiers of such a threat.
5. The Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System (AFATDS) plan and execute fires during each phase of action, whether a deliberate attack or defensive operation. AFATDS is fielded to all Active Component Army and Marine Corps units. About 90% of the National Guard has been fielded. AFATDS is installed on large-deck amphibious assault vessels of the United States Navy.
6. The Force XXI Battle Command, Brigade & Below/Blue Force Tracking (FBCB2/BFT) system uses satellite and terrestrial communications technology to track and display friendly vehicles and aircraft that appear on a computer screen as blue icons over a topographical map or satellite image of the ground. Commanders and Soldiers can add red icons that show up as enemy on the screen, and are simultaneously broadcast to all the other FBCB2/BFT users on the battlefield. There are about 15,000 FBCB2/BFT systems in use today.
7. The Tactical Airspace Integration System (TAIS) is an automated system for battlefield airspace management.

Additional systems that are integrated with the ABCS suite include:

* Digital Topographic Support System (DTSS) Provides digital Terrain Analysis, terrain data base(s), updated terrain products, and hard copy repro, in support of Terrain Visualization, IPB, C2, and Battle Staff DMP (CORPS/DIV/BDE).
* The Global Command and Control System - Army (GCCS-A) provides a common picture of Army tactical operations to the Joint and Coalition community, and facilitates interoperability of systems across Army/Joint theaters, however no true synchronization occurs with PASS/DDS which introducing many issues on the battlefield for Soldiers, Marines, Sailors and Air force personnel. This issue can potentially put their lives at risk.
* The Integrated Meteorological System (IMETS) provides Commanders at all echelons with an automated weather system to receive, process, and disseminate weather observations, forecasts, and weather and environmental effects decision aids for ABCS.
* The Command Post of the Future (CPOF) application communicates with ABCS through GCCS-J, DDS/PASS and other means.

1. Army Research, Development, Test and Evaluation Funds, Hearings, 1985, pt. 7, p. 84.


title: Armadillidium album

abstract: Armadillidium album, also known as the beach pill woodlouse, is a species of isopod within the family Armadillidiidae. The species is salt tolerant, inhabiting coastal sand dunes and saltmarshes within Europe. They can sometimes be found under driftwood or burrowed within grains of sand of which their colour pattern mimics.

text:
# Armadillidium album

***Armadillidium album***, also known as the **beach pill woodlouse**, is a species of isopod within the family Armadillidiidae. The species is salt tolerant, inhabiting coastal sand dunes and saltmarshes within Europe. They can sometimes be found under driftwood or burrowed within grains of sand of which their colour pattern mimics.

## Description

*Armadillidium album* reach a maximum length of 7 mm, width of 5 mm and possesses pleopodal lungs. The species is poorly pigmented, with a typical mottled sandy colouration adorned on its exoskeleton. When *A. album* is disturbed it will partly roll up leaving a few pairs of legs protruding to grip the substrate beneath it.

The triangular plate on the anterior surface of the frontal epistome is either flat or slightly concave. Its upper margin only slightly protrudes above the dorsal surface of the head, forming a nearly straight line. The lower lateral margins of the frontal triangle are sharply edged and concave, meeting at a sharp angle to form a vertical ridge. This triangular structure extends beyond the eyes, creating a visible narrow ridge along the frontal margin of the head when viewed from above. A narrow fissure exists between the triangular plate and the head. The upper margin of the triangle is adorned with scattered short hairs.

The head exhibits a strongly curved backward frontal line, which becomes inconspicuous towards the sides. Distinct eyes with black pigment and approximately 12 to 15 ocelli are present. The antennal lobe of the head features a bluntly angular anterior margin. The antennae are relatively short, curving backward and not reaching the end of the first free thoracic segment. The flagellum of the antenna consists of two joints, with the ultimate joint being approximately three times longer than the first.

The upper surfaces of the head, thoracic and abdominal segments, as well as the telson, are covered in numerous minute tubercles, often arranged in longitudinal rows. Each tubercle bears a short, stout seta at its top. The segments' narrow plates known as epimerae lack tubercles but possess microscopically small, reticularly arranged grooves, most prominent at the epimerae. The first free thoracic segment has a slightly curved upward anterior part of the epimera, and its posterolateral angle is somewhat produced with a rounded tip. This distinguishes *Armadillidium album* from *A. pulchellum*, where the posterolateral angle of the first free thoracic segment is truncate. The posterolateral angles of the subsequent thoracic segments are broadly rounded in the anterior and become more rectangular in the posterior segments. The anterolateral angle of the second to fifth free thoracic segments is bluntly rounded, while the sixth and seventh segments have a rectangular anterolateral angle. The lateral margins of the thoracic segments are slightly thickened. The abdominal segments are approximately equal in length, with rectangular anterolateral and posterolateral angles on their epimerae.

The telson is distinctly broader than it is long, with straight or slightly convex lateral margins. The posterior margin also appears straight or slightly convex, while the posterolateral angles are bluntly rounded. The posterior margin of the uropodal exopod is slightly convex and features a small incision that houses a hair or small spine, which is stronger than the other hairs along the margin. The upper surface of the exopod often bears tubercles. The endopods, typically short, are frequently concealed beneath the telson.

In males, the ischium of the seventh pereiopod exhibits a straight lower margin with several short spinules. The ischium rapidly broadens before the distal end and bears two spines on the apex of this broadened part, with a third spine positioned some distance before the other two. The upper margin of the ischium has scattered hairs. The first pleopod in male *Armadillidium album* individuals has a broadly leaf-shaped exopod with a broadly rounded anterior margin. The inner part of the posterior margin terminates in a blunt point. The endopod of the first pleopod is long and regularly curved outward, with a blunt and irregularly shaped apex.

## Distribution and habitat

*Armadillidium album* possesses a wide European coastal distribution, where it can be found inhabiting both Temperate and Mediterranean climates. The species has been recorded within coastal habitats of Belgium, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. It can also be found on the Azores Islands, Balearic Islands, Sardinia, Sicily, and the island of Corsica.

This species is strongly associated with undisturbed coastal sand dune habitats, particularly those with a specific sand grain size. While it can be encountered less frequently in salt marshes, its preferred habitat consists of sandy areas that have been relatively undisturbed. *Armadillidium album* is often found in close association with storm strandline debris and can be observed clinging to the underside of driftwood, taking refuge within crevices, or even burrowing to depths of 20–30 cm into the underlying sand. The species is highly tolerant to immersion in saltwater, and inhabits the supralittoral zone.

## Reproduction

*Armadillidium album* reproduces sexually, with a summer reproductive period. Reproduction occurs at around 12 months old. The average number of eggs a female carries is eight. Offspring are released from the marsupium brood pouch and require a year to mature to adulthood. The species possesses an average lifespan of two years and produces a maximum of two broods per female.

## InfoBox

| *Armadillidium album* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Isopoda |
| Suborder: | Oniscidea |
| Family: | Armadillidiidae |
| Genus: | *Armadillidium* |
| Species: | ***A. album*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Armadillidium album***<br>Dollfus, 1887 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| List * *Haloarmadillidium dudichi* Arcangeli, 1929 | |


title: Armadillidium maniatum

abstract: Armadillidium maniatum is a European species of woodlouse endemic to Greece.

text:
# Armadillidium maniatum

***Armadillidium maniatum*** is a European species of woodlouse endemic to Greece.

## Taxonomy

*Armadilliidum maniatum* was described in 2006, based on only 3 specimens (2 males and 1 female) that were collected in a beach of southern Peloponnese during May 1980.

## Description

*Armadillidium maniatum* is a medium to large sized species, reaching maximum dimensions of about 17 x 8.7 mm. Its tergites are completely smooth and the body lacks pigmentation, except for the eyes, which are black, and the hind margins of the pereion-tergites, which bear dark stripes. The frontal shield doesn't surpass the anterior edge of the head, distinctly bends backwards and tightly fits to the frontal part of the head. The secondary antennae have a conspicuously enlarged third segment, trapezoidal lobes and flagellum articles of equal length. The hind margins of the first pair of epimera are deeply and sharply angled. The telson is wider than long, has straight sides and a rounded tip.

Concerning the sexual characters of the male, the first pereiopod has a ventral brush of spines on the carpus and, to a lesser degree, on the merus. The ischium of the seventh pereiopod is ventrally straight, bare at the apical part and with a proximal band of hairy setae at its basal part. The coxopodite of the same leg has a stripe of hairs at its middle part. The posterior lobe of the exopodite of the first pleopod is triangular and the apex of the endopodite is straight .

## Distribution

*Armadillidium maniatum* is only known from the type series, collected in southern Peloponnese. Particularly, the species was found in the beach of Vatheia, which comprises one of the southernmost regions of the Mani Peninsula.

## Ecology

Almost nothing is known about the ecology of *Armadillidium maniatum*. Based on the habitat where the type series was collected (beach) and the almost complete lack of pigmentation, it is speculated that the species lives an endogean type of life. *Armadillidium album*, another rarely encountered littoral species of the genus, shows the same combination of characters (decreased pigmentation and endogean type of life), supporting this hypothesis.

## InfoBox

| *Armadillidium maniatum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Isopoda |
| Suborder: | Oniscidea |
| Family: | Armadillidiidae |
| Genus: | *Armadillidium* |
| Species: | ***A. maniatum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Armadillidium maniatum***<br>Schmalfuss, 2006 | |
|
|  | |
| Distribution of *Armadillidium maniatum* (in red) | |


title: Enrique Alciati

abstract: Enrique Alciati was a French/Italian sculptor and teacher, born in Marseille, France, who contributed various sculptures in France and Mexico. His most notable artwork is the Winged Victory that crowns the Independence Column in downtown Mexico City.

text:
# Enrique Alciati

**Enrique Alciati** (died after 1912) was a French/Italian sculptor and teacher, born in Marseille, France, who contributed various sculptures in France and Mexico. His most notable artwork is the Winged Victory that crowns the Independence Column in downtown Mexico City.

## Career

He began his career in Marseille as a sculptor following the French school. In 1886, he received an honorable mention for his works in the Salon des Artistes Français, where he exhibited regularly until 1913. In all his works Alciati adhered to the classical tradition, while the influence of Rodin is also quite prominent.

It is thought he moved to Mexico City in 1889, where he quickly won critical acclaim for his marble and bronze busts of Mexican personalities. In 1891 he was commissioned by the Mexican government to create statues of national heroes for Paseo de la Reforma, in Mexico City. Of special mention is the statue of Colonel Miguel López, for which Alciati won prizes at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago and the 1895 World's Fair in Atlanta, Georgia.

Alciati was appointed professor of sculpture, decoration and modelling at the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes in 1895. At the beginning of the 20th century he was commissioned by the then President Porfirio Díaz to create most of the sculptures for the Independence Column in Mexico City under the direction of Antonio Rivas Mercado. While he made the marbles in Mexico and Florence, he cast the bronzes exclusively in the Italian city.

## Sculptures

Most of his late works are spread over the Mexico City downtown area, some of these include:

* Edouard-Joseph, René (1930–1934). *Dictionnaire biographique des artistes contemporaines 1910-1930: avec nombreux portraits, signatures et reproductions*. Paris: Art & édition.
* Turner, Jane, ed. (1996). *The Dictionary of Art*. New York: Grove's Dictionaries Inc. ISBN 1-884446-00-0.


abstract: The EXW qualification is a warfare qualification awarded to enlisted United States Navy personnel assigned to U.S. Navy expeditionary combat units, who satisfactorily complete the required qualification course and pass a qualification board hearing. The program was approved July 31, 2006 by then-Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Michael Mullen. The qualification was developed to provide a chance for enlisted sailors in the naval service's Expeditionary Combat community to earn a warfare qualification. Core qualification skills will include weapons qualification and maintenance, marksmanship, land navigation, patrolling, field communications, and expeditionary camp deployment. The first awardee was Petty Officer 2nd Class (EXW/SW) Carl P. Hurtt, Jr, assigned to Mobile Security Squadron Seven (MSS-7).

text:
# Enlisted Expeditionary Warfare Specialist

The **EXW** qualification (referred to as **Expeditionary Warfare Specialist**) is a warfare qualification awarded to enlisted United States Navy personnel assigned to U.S. Navy expeditionary combat units, who satisfactorily complete the required qualification course and pass a qualification board hearing. The program was approved July 31, 2006 by then-Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Michael Mullen.

The qualification was developed to provide a chance for enlisted sailors in the naval service's Expeditionary Combat community (those serving in a maritime security or combat related role) to earn a warfare qualification. Core qualification skills will include weapons qualification and maintenance, marksmanship, land navigation, patrolling, field communications, and expeditionary camp deployment.

The first awardee was Petty Officer 2nd Class (EXW/SW) Carl P. Hurtt, Jr, assigned to Mobile Security Squadron Seven (MSS-7).

## Types of Expeditionary Warfare Specialist Qualification Platforms

Navy Expeditionary Combat Command (NECC) units, including:

* Maritime Expeditionary Security Groups / Squadrons
* Navy Expeditionary Intelligence Command (NEIC)
* Explosive Ordnance Disposal Mobile Units
* Naval Mobile Construction Battalions
* Mobile Diving and Salvage Units
* Navy Expeditionary Logistics units (includes Navy Cargo Handling Battalions, Navy Expeditionary Logistic Regiments, NAVELSG, and Expeditionary Communications Detachments)
* Naval Special Warfare

## Breast insignia

The design of the new pin encompasses the essence of enlisted expeditionary Sailors, presenting the bow and superstructure of a Sea Ark 34' patrol boat from Inshore Boat Units superimposed upon a crossed cutlass and M16A1 rifle. The waves represent the Navy's heritage, the cutlass represents the enlisted force, the M16A1 represents an NECC mission area and the boat, another NECC mission area. The background is the traditional ocean swells of the Enlisted Surface Warfare Specialist badge.


title: Arrington, Virginia

abstract: Arrington is a census-designated place (CDP) in Nelson County, Virginia, United States. The population as of the 2010 Census was 708. Mitchell's Brick House Tavern was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

text:
# Arrington, Virginia

**Arrington** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Nelson County, Virginia, United States. The population as of the 2010 Census was 708.

Mitchell's Brick House Tavern was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.

## Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Arrington has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

37°41′03″N 78°54′04″W / 37.68417°N 78.90111°W / 37.68417; -78.90111


title: Arrinera

abstract: Arrinera Automotive S.A., is a Polish car manufacturer based in Warsaw.

text:
# Arrinera

**Arrinera Automotive S.A.**, is a Polish car manufacturer based in Warsaw.

## History

The company was established in 2008 by brothers Łukasz and Marek Tomkiewicz. In 2011 it announced its first proof-of-concept car, using a mid-engine, rear-drive layout. Their second prototype was presented in 2012, initially named the Venocara, later renamed as the Hussarya.

Arrinera developed a race variant of the car to GT3 racing specifications, the Hussarya GT. It was first shown at the *Autosport International* automotive show in Birmingham, UK, in January 2016. In June of the same year, the Hussarya GT, running in the supercar class, became the first Polish car to take part in the Goodwood Festival of Speed.

## Cars

### Hussarya GT

The Arrinera Hussarya GT is a racing car compliant with FIA GT3 rules. It is powered by a General Motors LS7 V8 engine, as used in the Chevrolet Corvette, pushing out 500 bhp, with a six-speed sequential racing gearbox operated by paddle shifters. It features a modular steel spaceframe chassis, pushrod suspension, 380 mm brake discs, ABS and traction control.

The car's body was designed by Pavlo Burkatskyy with aerodynamics by Janusz Piechna of Warsaw University of Technology, and the mechanicals engineered by Krzysztof Stelmaszczuk. It is built in Cambridgeshire.

The race car was tested in 2016 by Anthony Reid at Snetterton and Donington Park circuits.

Arrinera entered a Hussarya GT in the DMV GT & Touring Car Cup round in Hockenheim in April 2017. In the first of the weekend's races the car finished 22nd of 24 runners, with a fastest time 20 seconds slower than the winner. In the second race the car retired with an alternator failure.

In September 2017 the car was entered for the Donington round of the Britcar championship, driven by Jonny MacGregor. During qualifying the car's engine blew and it was withdrawn from the event.

## InfoBox

Arrinera Automotive S.A.
|
|  |
| Industry | Automotive |
| Founded | September 1, 2008 (September 1, 2008) in Warsaw, Poland |
| Founder | Łukasz Tomkiewicz |
| Headquarters | Warsaw, Poland |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Andrzej Wojno (Chairman) |
| Products | Sports cars |
| Website | www.arrinera.com |


abstract: The 1906 Minnesota Attorney General election was held on 6 November 1906 in order to elect the attorney general of Minnesota. Republican nominee and incumbent attorney general Edward T. Young defeated Democratic nominee John Dwan.

text:
# 1906 Minnesota Attorney General election

The **1906 Minnesota Attorney General election** was held on 6 November 1906 in order to elect the attorney general of Minnesota. Republican nominee and incumbent attorney general Edward T. Young defeated Democratic nominee John Dwan.

## General election

On election day, 6 November 1906, Republican nominee Edward T. Young won re-election by a margin of 84,754 votes against his opponent Democratic nominee John Dwan, thereby retaining Republican control over the office of attorney general. Young was sworn in for his second term on 7 January 1907.

### Results

Minnesota Attorney General election, 1906
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Edward T. Young (incumbent)** | **169,908** | **66.61** |
|  | Democratic | John Dwan | 85,154 | 33.39 |
| Total votes | | | **255,062** | **100.00** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

## InfoBox

1906 Minnesota Attorney General election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Edward T. Young** John Dwan   Party Republican Democratic  Popular vote **169,908** 85,154  Percentage **66.61%** 33.39% | |
| ---  **Attorney General before election**
Edward T. Young
Republican **Elected Attorney General**
Edward T. Young
Republican | |


title: Engina mendicaria

abstract: Engina mendicaria, common name striped engina or bumble bee snail, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pisaniidae.

text:
# Engina mendicaria

***Engina mendicaria***, common name **striped engina** or **bumble bee snail**, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pisaniidae.

## Description

The shell size varies between 10 mm and 20 mm. This shell shows a white or yellowish background with a few transversal black bands and resembles the yellow and black pattern of wasps and bees (hence a common name).

## Distribution

This species is distributed in the Red Sea and in the Indian Ocean along Aldabra, Chagos, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Tanzania, in the tropical Indo-Pacific and Australia.

## Habitat

These carnivore sea snails live on rocky shores and sand beds. They are mainly nocturnal.

* Dautzenberg, Ph. (1929). *Mollusques testaces marins de Madagascar*. Faune des Colonies Francaises, Tome III
* Kalk, M. (1958). *The fauna of the intertidal rocks at Inhaca Island, Delagoa Bay*. Ann. Natal Mus. 14: 189–242
* Richmond, M. (Ed.) (1997). *A guide to the seashores of Eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean islands*. Sida/Department for Research Cooperation, SAREC: Stockholm, Sweden. ISBN 91-630-4594-X. 448 pp.

## InfoBox

| *Engina mendicaria* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Engina mendicaria* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Pisaniidae |
| Genus: | *Engina* |
| Species: | ***E. mendicaria*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Engina mendicaria***<br>(Linnaeus, 1758) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Columbella mendicaria* (Linnaeus, 1758) * *Voluta mendicaria* Linnaeus, 1758 | |


title: Arny Freytag

abstract: Arny Freytag is an American photographer who specializes in glamour photography. He began working for Playboy magazine in 1976 and at one time was one of only two photographers who produced the Playboy centerfold photographs. Freytag grew up in Chicago, Illinois, attending Sutherland grammar school and Luther South High School. He graduated from the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts in 1970, and from Brooks Institute of Photography in 1974. After an initial period as an apprentice at Playboy, he joined Mario Casilli, Richard Fegley and Ken Marcus as the principal photographers at Playboy's California studio. During his studies at Brooks, Freytag became proficient with the 4”x5” view camera, a skill that served him well shooting the monthly multi-page (gatefold) Playboy centerfold. Attempting to produce the very highest quality possible for the centerfold image, Playboy used the very large 8"x10” view camera. Due to the amount of strobe light needed to expose that large a sheet of film, Freytag, at first of necessity and later by choice, specialized in the use of elaborate lighting setups, often using dozens of flash heads. Later, after Playboy abandoned film and moved to digital cameras, Freytag continued to create images using up to fifty flash heads, each light meticulously placed and targeted to illuminate a small area of the photo. Freytag likens his technique to that of a painter, using each light as his brush strokes, selectively illuminating each area as he incrementally builds the final image. Freytag's last centerfold shoot was of Playmate Amanda Streich, Miss December 2012.

text:
# Arny Freytag

**Arny Freytag** (born April 12, 1950) is an American photographer who specializes in glamour photography. He began working for *Playboy* magazine in 1976 and at one time was one of only two photographers who produced the *Playboy* centerfold photographs.

Freytag grew up in Chicago, Illinois, attending Sutherland grammar school and Luther South High School. He graduated from the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts in 1970, and from Brooks Institute of Photography (Santa Barbara, California) in 1974. After an initial period as an apprentice at Playboy, he joined Mario Casilli, Richard Fegley and Ken Marcus as the principal photographers at Playboy's California studio.

During his studies at Brooks, Freytag became proficient with the 4”x5” view camera, a skill that served him well shooting the monthly multi-page (gatefold) Playboy centerfold. Attempting to produce the very highest quality possible for the centerfold image, Playboy used the very large 8"x10” view camera. Due to the amount of strobe (electronic flash) light needed to expose that large a sheet of film, Freytag, at first of necessity and later by choice, specialized in the use of elaborate lighting setups, often using dozens of flash heads.

Later, after *Playboy* abandoned film and moved to digital cameras, Freytag continued to create images using up to fifty flash heads, each light meticulously placed and targeted to illuminate a small area of the photo. Freytag likens his technique to that of a painter, using each light as his brush strokes, selectively illuminating each area as he incrementally builds the final image.

Freytag's last centerfold shoot was of Playmate Amanda Streich, Miss December 2012.

## Personal life

Freytag lives in Woodland Hills, California U.S..