title: Emergenza

abstract: Emergenza is an annual music festival for unsigned bands. Its concerts have been held in more than 150 cities around the world. Annually, a series of global elimination rounds takes place in various countries. Advancing bands are selected based on audience reception of their performances, with the ultimate winners determined by Emergenza judges during regional and final concerts.

text:
# Emergenza

**Emergenza** is an annual music festival for unsigned bands. Its concerts have been held in more than 150 cities around the world.

Annually, a series of global elimination rounds takes place in various countries. Advancing bands are selected based on audience reception of their performances, with the ultimate winners determined by Emergenza judges during regional and final concerts.

## History

The Emergenza Festival had its origins in 1992 when a group of musician friends organized its inaugural event in Rome, Italy, with an initial audience of 245 attendees. Over the course of five months, attendance grew significantly, reaching three thousand. During the same year, the festival released its first compilation album.

From 1993 to 2003, Emergenza produced a total of 54 albums, including both live and studio recordings. In 1995, the official Emergenza logo was introduced.

The festival expanded beyond Italy on January 7, 1996, with its first concert held at the Gibus Club in Paris, France, attracting 113 participating bands. The following year marked the debut of the Emergenza European Final at the London Astoria in the United Kingdom, drawing an audience of 2,500.

In 2001, the festival crossed the Atlantic Ocean and landed in Montreal, Canada. By 2002, Emergenza had expanded to five cities, and in 2003, it featured over 700 bands across 190 events during its first U.S. season. The following year, 2,876 musicians participated in the United States, and an impressive sixteen thousand performed for audiences in Europe and Canada. By 2005, the festival had reached seventy North American cities.

Emergenza continued to grow, extending its reach to Japan and Australia in 2006, with shows in Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, and Tokyo. Later, Perth in Western Australia and Brisbane were included in Australia's roster. From 2008 to 2010, the festival expanded its presence to the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Russia, and New Zealand.

## International finals

### 2023

| Year | Finalist Band | City/Country | Place |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2023 | The Rock Boy | France |  |
| 2023 | Afternoon Astronauts | Finland |  |
| 2023 | Grell | Germany |  |
| 2023 | Indra | Italy |  |
| 2023 | Oscar Kusko | Sweden |  |
| 2023 | Catch The Fox | Norway |  |
| 2023 | Wojtek | Denmark |  |
| 2023 | TRAinnovation | Japan | Winner |
|

### 2018

| Year | Finalist Band | City/Country | Place |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018 | MELANCHOLIA | Italy | 1 |
| 2018 | COAST DOWN | Germany | 2 |
| 2018 | PANACHE! | France | 3 |
| 2018 | TAYLOR BEADLE-WILLIAMS | Australia | 4 |
| 2018 | MAGGIE PETKOVIC | Norway | 5 |
| 2018 | ART IN CRIME | Germany | 6 |
| 2018 | THAN | Japan | 7 |
| 2018 | I REVOLT | Finland | 8 |
| 2018 | TAM TEPLO | Russia | 9 |
| 2018 | NERD CONNECTION | South Korea | 9 |
| 2018 | MASSFACE | Russia | 11 |
| 2018 | DJOCY SANTOS | The Netherlands | 12 |
| 2018 | SAINT CITY ORCHESTRA | Switzerland | 13 |
| 2018 | THE KLETS | Belgium | 14 |
| 2018 | ALFA MARTIANS | France | 15 |
| 2018 | YESTERDAY IS HISTORY | Switzerland | 16 |
| 2018 | PETTY THINGS | Germany | 17 |
| 2018 | VEIRA | Poland | 18 |
| 2018 | TROPIC ACID | Spain | 19 |
| 2018 | BREAK UP LINES | Canada | 20 |
| 2018 | RAIN | Denmark | 21 |
|

### 2017

| Year | Finalist Band | City/Country | Place |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2017 | THE AGENCY | Denmark | 1 |
| 2017 | VOSEM PO GRINVICHU | Russia | 2 |
| 2017 | THE TREUEMEN | Germany | 3 |
| 2017 | SNARE COVER | Japan | 4 |
| 2017 | FRANK E LE FORME SONICHE | Italy | 5 |
| 2017 | OAKS ABOVE | Canada | 6 |
| 2017 | AMOLI | Norway | 7 |
| 2017 | DELIRIOUS MOB CREW | Switzerland | 8 |
| 2017 | ANVILED | Poland | 9 |
| 2017 | UNDERWOODS | Italy | 10 |
| 2017 | INTERIEUR NUIT | France | 11 |
| 2017 | CALLUM CHYNOWETH BAND | Australia | 12 |
| 2017 | 61 MINDS | Belgium | 13 |
| 2017 | WALKING AFTER U | South Korea | 14 |
| 2017 | SEMPERFIELD | Germany | 15 |
| 2017 | HUANASTONE | Sweden | 16 |
| 2017 | STILL AWAKE | Germany | 17 |
| 2017 | TIME FOR ACTION | Spain | 18 |
| 2017 | BEATS UNLIMETED CREW | The Netherlands | 19 |
| 2017 | PLEINS PHARES | France | 20 |
|

### 2016

| Year | Finalist Band | City/Country | Place | Prize |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 | Gain Eleven | Sweden | 1 |  |
| 2016 | Ku.dA | Italy | 2 |  |
| 2016 | Noeazy | South Korea | 3 | Best Drummer |
| 2016 | Lady Moustache | Germany | 4 |  |
| 2016 | Tri-Hidden Panic | France | 5 | Best Singer |
| 2016 | Orjazzmic | Spain | 6 | Best Bassist |
| 2016 | Skizzoidman | Japan | 7 |  |
| 2016 | Owing to the Rain | Germany | 8 |  |
| 2016 | Earthist | Italy | 9 |  |
| 2016 | Hometown Lights | Canada | 10 |  |
| 2016 | Rooftop Sailors | Switzerland | 11 |  |
| 2016 | Sno | Norway | 12 | Best Keyboard |
| 2016 | Kellem | France | 13 |  |
| 2016 | Octavian | Australia | 14 |  |
| 2016 | Enter Rana | Finland | 15 | Best Guitarist |
| 2016 | Kressi | Russia | 16 |  |
| 2016 | Jack Rabbit | Netherland | 17 |  |
| 2016 | Madmagus | Belgium | 18 |  |
| 2016 | Antiplan | Poland | 19 |  |
| 2016 | Demian | Germany | 20 |  |
| 2016 | Sweet Sleep | Japan | 21 |  |

### 2015

| Year | Finalist Band | City/Country | Place | Prize |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | Ninja Beats | Japan | 1 |  |
| 2015 | Green Light District | Finland | 2 |  |
| 2015 | Casablanca Drivers | France | 3 |  |
| 2015 | Pravada | Russia | 4 | Best Drummer |
| 2015 | Love Cream | Australia | 5 | Best Singer |
| 2015 | Iréne | Sweden | 6 |  |
| 2015 | Cedric | Germany | 7 |  |
| 2015 | Candy Robbers | Belgium | 8 |  |
| 2015 | Alfen | Denmark | 9 |  |
| 2015 | Death Koolaid | UK | 10 |  |
| 2015 | Lee Youn Chan Band | South Korea | 11 | Best Guitarist |
| 2015 | Syndicate | Germany | 12 |  |
| 2015 | Schoko | Germany | 13 | Best Bassist |
| 2015 | Pora Wiatru | Poland | 14 |  |
| 2015 | Siren | Italy | 15 |  |
| 2015 | The II Romans | Switzerland | 16 |  |
| 2015 | The Plugs | France | 17 |  |
| 2015 | Pop James | Italy | 18 |  |
| 2015 | Les Funktionnaires | Canada | 19 |  |
| 2015 | To By Four | The Netherlands | 20 |  |

### 2014

| Year | Finalist Band | City/Country | Place | Prize |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 | The Scheen | Norway | 1 |  |
| 2014 | The Kitchies | France | 2 | 2nd Best Drummer |
| 2014 | Shata QS | Poland | 3 | Best Singer |
| 2014 | Mercury White | Australia | 4 |  |
| 2014 | Achille's Family | France | 5 | Best Drummer |
| 2014 | Oak and Willow | Italy | 6 | 2nd Best Bass |
| 2014 | The Shouting Men | Germany | 7 | Best Bass |
| 2014 | Mr. Serious and Groove Monkeys | Germany | 7 | 2nd Best Guitar |
| 2014 | Guesstimate | Spain | 9 |  |
| 2014 | Blue Machine | Denmark | 10 | Best Guitar |
| 2014 | Face | Switzerland | 11 |  |
| 2014 | Roadcrew | The Nederland | 12 |  |
| 2014 | Thekenpoet | Germany | 13 |  |
| 2014 | The Asphere's | Japan | 14 |  |
| 2014 | Swim | Russia | 15 |  |
| 2014 | Carlos Candido Band | Canada | 16 |  |
| 2014 | David Pear | UK | 17 |  |
| 2014 | Yabanci Degiliz | Turkey | 18 |  |

### 2013

| Year | Finalist Band | City/Country | Place | Prize |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 | Obsolete Radio | France | 1 |  |
| 2013 | Goldmouth | Germany | 2 | Best Guitarist |
| 2013 | Ordinary People | Italy | 3 | Best Bassist |
| 2013 | Cuervo | Australia | 4 | 2nd Best Bassist |
| 2013 | Shout | Finland | 5 |  |
| 2013 | Taro & Jiro | Japan | 6 | 2nd Best Guitarist |
| 2013 | Finalstair | Germany | 7 | Best Drummer |
| 2013 | Hey! Elizabeth | Italy | 7 |  |
| 2013 | Collect Call From Mars | Netherland | 9 |  |
| 2013 | Cities Lullabies | France | 10 |  |
| 2013 | Straight Jack Cat | Poland | 11 |  |
| 2013 | Noyze | Canada | 12 |  |
| 2013 | Rocco | Russia | 13 | Best Singer |
| 2013 | Awesome Arnold | Switzerland | 14 |  |
| 2013 | Flowers in Syrup | Germany | 15 |  |
| 2013 | Black Orchid Empire | UK | 16 | 2nd Best Drummer |
| 2013 | Negative Nancy | Sweden | 17 |  |
| 2013 | Vucaque | Spain | 18 |  |
| 2013 | Kaos | Turkey | 19 |  |

### 2012

| Year | Finalist Band | City/Country | Place | Prize |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2012 | Hurricane Love | Sweden | 1 |  |
| 2012 | The Joking | France | 2 | Best bassist |
| 2012 | Rhys Crommin & The Toms | Australia | 3 |  |
| 2012 | Avaivartika | Japan | 4 | 2nd-best bassist |
| 2012 | The Blennies | Italy | 5 | 2nd-best drummer |
| 2012 | Mari!Mari! | Russia | 6 | 2nd-best guitarist |
| 2012 | Dudes | Norway | 5 |  |
| 2012 | Odette | Spain | 8 | Best drummer |
| 2012 | The Carnabys | UK | 9 | Best guitarist |
| 2012 | Jimmy Dee | Netherlands | 10 |  |
| 2012 | Disconnected Blind | Canada | 11 |  |
| 2012 | Alcapell | Germany | 12 |  |
| 2012 | Wellbad | Germany | 13 |  |
| 2012 | Chico | Poland | 14 |  |
| 2012 | Buddies | France | 15 |  |
| 2012 | I Come From the Sun | Germany | 16 | Best singer |
| 2012 | Caffeine | Czech Republic | 17 |  |
| 2012 | Mono Band | Turkey | 18 |  |

### 2011

| Year | Finalist Band | City/Country | Place | Prize |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011 | Envy | Oslo, Norway | 1 | Winning Band |
| 2011 | LSD on CIA | Copenhagen. Denmark | 2 | 2nd band, best bass player |
| 2011 | Ruby Cube | Toulouse, France | 3 | Best guitar player |
| 2011 | S.H.E. | Tokyo, Japan | 4 |  |
| 2011 | LeBelle | Melbourne, Australia | 5 | Woodbrass prize |
| 2011 | Emmecosta | Gothenburg, Sweden | 6 | 2nd-best drummer |
| 2011 | Cafe Jazz | Dresden, Germany | 5 | Best drummer |
| 2011 | Cours Toujours | Montreal, Canada | 8 | Best singer |
| 2011 | Rag Dolls | Basilea, Switzerland | 9 |  |
| 2011 | No Comment Band | Minsk, Belarus | 10 | 2nd-best bass player |
| 2011 | Downhill | Bratislava, Slovakia | 11 |  |
| 2011 | Filthy Whisky | London. UK | 12 |  |
| 2011 | Mathieu Neil | Paris, France | 13 |  |
| 2011 | Knuckles of Frisco | Arnhem, Netherlands | 14 | 2nd-best guitar player |
| 2011 | Kerouac | Dublin, Ireland | 15 |  |
| 2011 | Professor Grabowski | Munich, Germany | 16 |  |
| 2011 | Cyrene | Barcelona, Spain | 17 |  |
| 2011 | F.O.O.S. | Turin, Italy | 18 |  |

### 2010

| Year | Finalist Band | City/Country | Place | Prize |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | Hanatochiruran | Tokyo, Japan | 1 | Winning band, 2nd-best bass player |
| 2010 | Waldo & Marsha | Århus, Denmark | 2 | 2nd band |
| 2010 | Barton Fink | Montreal, Canada | 3 | 2nd-best drummer |
| 2010 | Modern Error | Sydney, Australia | 4 |  |
| 2010 | Phases Cachés | Paris, France | 5 | Best bass player |
| 2010 | Factory Brains | Stockholm, Sweden | 6 | Best guitar player |
| 2010 | Waste | Bayreuth, Germany | 7 | Best singer |
| 2010 | Pop-Porn | Prague, Czech Republic | 8 | Best drummer |
| 2010 | Sir James | Tilburg, Netherlands | 9 | 2nd-best guitar player |
| 2010 | Manolo Panic | Zurich, Switzerland | 10 |  |
| 2010 | C.A.N. | Paris, France | 11 |  |
| 2010 | Stepanov's Starlings | St. Petersburg, Russia | 12 |  |
| 2010 | Brothorst | Oberursel, Germany | 13 |  |
| 2010 | Stardust | Florence, Italy | 14 |  |
| 2010 | Envy Assured | London, UK | 15 |  |
| 2010 | The Melillo Brothers | New York, USA | 16 |  |
| 2010 | Wednesday Fall | Barcelona, Spain | 17 |  |

### 2009

| Year | Finalist Band | City/Country | Place | Prize |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | Kid Galahad | Gothenburg, Sweden | 1 | Winning band, best drummer |
| 2009 | Werner Krauss | Leipzig, Germany | 2 | 2nd band |
| 2009 | YaSeeDee | Ferrara, Italy | 3 | Best bass player |
| 2009 | The Wallpapers | Paris, France | 4 |  |
| 2009 | The Reefs | Melbourne, Australia | 5 | 2nd-best drummer |
| 2009 | Guru Guru | Tokyo, Japan | 6 | 2nd-best guitar player |
| 2009 | The Excess | Munich, Germany | 7 | Best guitar player |
| 2009 | Back Pocket Memory | Los Angeles, USA | 8 |  |
| 2009 | Lily Sparks | New York, USA | 9 | Best singer |
| 2009 | Year of the Dog | Helsinki, Finland | 10 |  |
| 2009 | The Vlegels | Tilburg, Netherlands | 11 | Best Drummer |
| 2009 | Kaodic | Montreal, Canada | 12 | 2nd-best bass player |
| 2009 | Leet | Hamburg, Germany | 13 |  |
| 2009 | The Winter Kicks | London, UK | 14 |  |
| 2009 | Gorodskaya Kultura | Moscow, Russia | 15 |  |
| 2009 | TBA | Prague, Czech Republic | 16 |  |
| 2009 | Clock N' Works | Paris, France | 17 |  |
| 2009 | Susan's Red Nipples | Barcelona, Spain | 18 |  |

### 2008

| Year | Finalist Band | City/Country | Place | Prize |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | Gloria Cycles | Brighton, UK | 1 | Winning band |
| 2008 | The Mad Trist | Maastricht, Netherlands | 2 | 2nd band |
| 2008 | A Match for the Curious | Toronto, Canada | 3 | 2nd-best guitar player |
| 2008 | Auregan | Paris, France | 4 | Best performer |
| 2008 | The Vandolls | Sydney, Australia | 5 | Best guitar player |
| 2008 | Temple Hill | New York, USA | 6 | Best bass player |
| 2008 | Tako Lako | Copenhagen, Denmark | 7 | Best drummer |
| 2008 | Crossed Keys | Los Angeles, USA | 8 |  |
| 2008 | The King Size | Treviso, Italy | 9 |  |
| 2008 | Namaste | Paris, France | 10 |  |
| 2008 | The Ran | Helsinki, Finland | 11 |  |
| 2008 | Tash | Stuttgart, Germany | 12 |  |
| 2008 | Die Fischer | Munich, Germany | 13 |  |
| 2008 | Drowning Fate | Frankfurt, Germany | 14 | 2nd-best drummer |
| 2008 | Aerial View | Nancy, France | 15 |  |
| 2008 | PXR | Budapest, Hungary | 16 |  |
| 2008 | Katarsick | Barcelona, Spain | 17 |  |
| 2008 | Dizastro | Chicago, USA | 18 |  |

### 2007

| Year | Finalist Band | City/Country | Place | Prize |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2007 | Fire Flies | New York, USA | 1 | Winning band, best drummer |
| 2007 | The New Hotness | Los Angeles, USA | 2 | 2nd band |
| 2007 | Für Kerstins Letzte | Munich, Germany | 3 | 3rd band |
| 2007 | La Tête Ailleurs | Paris, France | 4 |  |
| 2007 | McGoozer | London, UK | 5 | Best singer |
| 2007 | Park Avenue | Milan, Italy | 6 | Best guitar player |
| 2007 | The 101's | Tilburg, Netherlands | 7 | 2nd-best drummer |
| 2007 | Monorev | Bern, Switzerland | 8 |  |
| 2007 | Thalamus | Stockholm, Sweden | 9 | Best bass player |
| 2007 | Sunset Drivers | Montreal, Canada | 10 | Mentioned guitar player, mentioned bass player |
| 2007 | The Jerks | Stuttgart, Germany | 11 |  |
| 2007 | Furykane | Paris, France | 12 |  |
| 2007 | Metro Vox | Chicago, USA | 13 |  |
| 2007 | Mirramaze | Oslo, Norway | 14 |  |
| 2007 | No One Cares | Barcelona, Spain | 15 |  |
| 2007 | 4th Street Traffic | London, UK | 16 |  |
| 2007 | Stillroom | Dublin, Ireland | 17 |  |

### 2006

| Year | Finalist Band | City/Country | Place | Prize |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2006 | The Sessions | Vancouver, Canada | 1 | Winning band |
| 2006 | The New Brand | Copenhagen, Denmark | 2 | 2nd band, best original song, 2nd-mentioned drummer |
| 2006 | My Baby Wants to Eat Your Pussy | Munich, Germany | 3 | 3rd-best band, best drummer, best singer, 2nd-best bass player, best rhythm, best electric-guitar player |
| 2006 | Berto Ramon | Chicago, USA | 4 | Best visual & sound performance |
| 2006 | Concubine | Tilburg, Netherlands | 5 | Mentioned drummer |
| 2006 | Sujeto K | Valencia, Spain | 6 | Mentioned bass player, 2nd-mentioned guitar player |
| 2006 | The Echoes | Dallas, USA | 7 |  |
| 2006 | Verse of Trek | Bordeaux, France | 8 |  |
| 2006 | Son | Cologne, Germany | 9 |  |
| 2006 | Humano | Granada, Spain | 10 |  |
| 2006 | Bawdy Festival | Paris, France | 11 |  |
| 2006 | The Greed | Stockholm, Sweden | 12 | Best rhythm guitar, 2nd-best drummer, best guitar arrangements, mentioned guitar player |
| 2006 | Cabiria | Milan, Italy | 13 |  |
| 2006 | Captain Cutthroat | Boston, USA | 14 | 2nd-best drummer |
| 2006 | Lament | Leipzig, Germany | 15 | Best acoustic-guitar player |
| 2006 | Dear Catastrophe | Dublin, Ireland | 16 |  |
| 2006 | Daily Blowjob | Florence, Italy | 17 |  |
| 2006 | Ill System | London, UK | 18 |  |
| 2006 | Vile Conundrum | San Francisco, USA | 19 | Best bass player |
| 2006 | Kid at the Back | London, UK | 20 |  |
| 2006 | Flashmob | Basel, Switzerland | 21 |  |
| 2006 | Hellrazor | Vancouver, Canada | 22 |  |

### 2005

| Year | Finalist Band | City/Country | Place | Prize |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2005 | Rock Hard Power Spray | Århus, Denmark | 1 | Winning band, best electric-guitar player |
| 2005 | Natives of the New Dawn | Detroit, USA | 2 | 2nd band, best singer, best performance, best guitar arrangements |
| 2005 | LIK...ID | Paris, France | 3 |  |
| 2005 | Echovalve | Chicago, USA | 4 | Best bass player |
| 2005 | Kimono | Berlin, Germany | 5 |  |
| 2005 | Indra | Manchester, UK | 6 | Best drummer |
| 2005 | Pummel | Edinburgh, UK | 7 |  |
| 2005 | The Naives | Madrid, Spain | 8 | Best original song |
| 2005 | Band Called Pharisee | Chicago, USA | 9 |  |
| 2005 | Sixteenth Solid Spread | Barcelona, Spain | 10 | Best rhythm guitar |
| 2005 | Stonefield | Cologne, Germany | 11 |  |
| 2005 | The Perfect Guardaroba | Ancona, Italy | 12 |  |
| 2005 | Blush | Basel, Switzerland | 13 | Best acoustic-guitar player |
| 2005 | Seven Stories | Montreal, Canada | 14 |  |
| 2005 | Ska'n'Ska | Stockholm, Sweden | 15 |  |
| 2005 | Kill the Nice Guy | Florence, Italy | 16 |  |
| 2005 | Lazuright | Lindau, Germany | 17 |  |
| 2005 | Fast Friday | Luxembourg, Luxembourg | 18 |  |
| 2005 | Hindoslem | Vienna, Austria | 19 | Best bass player |
| 2005 | Chugga-Chugga | Paris, France | 20 |  |

### 2004

| Finalist Band | City/Country | Place | Prize |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mr Brown | Hamburg, Germany | 1 | Winning band |
| Lexxi | Glasgow, UK | 2 | 2nd band |
| Les Breauvachons | Paris, France | 3 | Best acoustic-guitar player, best visual & sound performance |
| Fluttr | Boston, USA | 4 |  |
| Pete Möss | Montreal, Canada | 5 | Best rhythm-guitar player, best singer |
| Idioterne | Madrid, Spain | 6 | Best drummer |
| Glasshouse | Philadelphia, UK | 7 |  |
| Einshoch6 | Munich, Germany | 8 |  |
| Lost Property Office | Rome, Italy | 9 |  |
| Mellophone | Århus, Denmark | 10 | Best original song |
| Running Against Radar | Toronto, Canada | 11 |  |
| Granvista | Gothenburg, Sweden | 12 |  |
| Addicted | Milan, Italy | 13 |  |
| Fevertree | Bournemouth, UK | 14 | Best guitar player |
| Ego | Barcelona, Spain | 15 | Best bass player, best keyboard player |
| Alta Pressione | Florence, Italy | 16 |  |
| Mē Sages | Paris, France | 17 |  |
| Pretty Overdosed | Vienna, Austria | 18 | Best drummer |
| Elfish | Zurich, Switzerland | 19 | Best bass player |
| Klartext | Berlin, Germany | 20 |  |

### 2003

| Finalist Band | City/Country | Place | Prize |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Nervous Nellie | Stockholm, Sweden | 1 | Winning band |
| Dead by Chocolate | Bologna, Italy | 2 | 2nd band, second-best guitar |
| La Suite Mosquito | Barcelona, Spain | 3 |  |
| No Radical Change | Florence, Italy | 4 | Third-best drummer |
| Muff | Hannover, Germany | 5 |  |
| Sirupop | Vienna, Austria | 6 |  |
| Slave to the Squarewave | Toronto, Canada | 7 | Second-best guitar |
| Toupé | Southampton, UK | 8 | Best bass, second-best drummer, best show, best arrangements |
| Klem | Paris, France | 9 | Best drummer |
| Sutrapumo | Copenhagen, Denmark | 10 |  |
| Elikan Dew | Berlin, Germany | 11 |  |
| Inborn | Luxembourg, Luxembourg | 12 |  |
| Revoc On | Milan, Italy | 13 |  |
| Jove | London, UK | 14 | Best singer |
| Bist | Munich, Germany | 15 | Best bess player, best keyboard player |
| Inertia | Rome, Italy | 16 |  |
| Broken Pictures | Montreal, Canada | 17 |  |
| Flangers | Montpellier, France | 18 |  |
| BSK | Zurich, Switzerland | 19 |  |
| Duke | Bordeaux, France | 20 | Best guitar, second-best bass |
| Crave | Madrid, Spain | 21 |  |
| Sleeping Sun | Ruhrgebiet, Germany | 22 | Second-best guitar |
| Toadstool | Genoa, Italy | 23 |  |
| Mahout Operator | Frankfurt, Germany | 24 |  |
| Adrenalin | Cologne, Germany | 25 |  |
| Maechtig | Hamburg, Germany | 26 |  |

### 2002

| Finalist Band | City/Country | Place | Prize |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Munshy | Paris, France | 1 | Winning band, best guitar, best drummer, best singer, best live show |
| Kerosin | Berlin, Germany | 2 | 2nd band, 3rd-best drummer |
| Stone Park | Stockholm, Sweden | 3 | 2nd-best drummer, best original song |
| Direct Line | Montreal, Canada | 4 | Third-best drummer |
| Orange Marmalade | Zurich, Switzerland | 5 |  |
| Ners | Bologna, Italy | 6 |  |
| Uncle Rock | London, UK | 7 | Second-best guitar |
| The Grand | Copenhagen, Denmark | 8 |  |
| Verdrengungskuntler | Hamburg, Germany | 9 |  |
| Jay Kod | Brussels, Belgium | 10 | Best bass |
| Itchy Poopzkid | Mannheim, Germany | 11 |  |
| Desert Rain | Dortmund, Germany | 12 |  |

### 2001

| Finalist Band | City/Country | Place | Prize |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Willowtree | Stockholm, Sweden | 1 | Winning band |
| Sincere | Brussels, Belgium | 2 | 2nd band |
| Morris | Copenhagen, Denmark | 3 | Best song |
| Sore! | Hamburg, Germany | 4 | Best guitar |
| Mindjuice | Munich, Germany | 5 | Best guitar |
| Athenais | Montpellier, France | 6 | Best singer |
| Pimate Pookie | Hannover, Germany | 7 | Best show |
| Thaibnakkel | Frankfurt, Germany | 8 | Best bassist |
| Deadline | Munich, Germany | 9 |  |
| Tiger Fernandez | Luxembourg, Luxembourg | 10 |  |
| 13 Ampsun | London, UK | 11 |  |
| Big-Tingsagwan | Paris, France | 12 | Best drummer |
| Free Fall | Dortmund, Germany | 13 | Best bassist |
| 330 Mle | Vienna, Austria | 14 |  |
| Zero Tre | Florence, Italy | 15 |  |
| Rearview | Cologne, Germany | 16 |  |
| Frozen Peas | Zurich, Switzerland | 17 |  |
| Introdusco | Milan, Italy | 18 |  |
| Variety | Karlsruhe, Germany | 19 | Best bassist |
| Drew | Rome, Italy | 20 |  |

### 2000

| Finalist Band | City/Country | Place | Prize |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Altzheima | Karlsruhe, Germany |  |  |
| Zen | Rome, Italy |  |  |
| Big Bang | Paris, France |  |  |
| L.D.C. | Luxembourg, Luxembourg |  |  |
| The Oujia Problem | London, UK |  |  |

No places were awarded this year.

## InfoBox

| Emergenza | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location(s) | Worldwide (began in Rome) |
| Years active | 1992–present |
| Website | Emergenza.live |


title: Araeomolis propinqua

abstract: Araeomolis propinqua is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by French entomologist Hervé de Toulgoët in 1998. It is found in French Guiana and Venezuela.

text:
# Araeomolis propinqua

***Araeomolis propinqua*** is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by French entomologist Hervé de Toulgoët in 1998. It is found in French Guiana and Venezuela.

## InfoBox

| *Araeomolis propinqua* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Araeomolis* |
| Species: | ***A. propinqua*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Araeomolis propinqua***<br>Toulgoët, 1998 | |
|


title: Araeomolis rhodographa

abstract: Araeomolis rhodographa is a species of moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1901. It is found in French Guiana, Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia, Panama, Suriname and the Brazilian state of Amazonas.

text:
# Araeomolis rhodographa

***Araeomolis rhodographa*** is a species of moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1901. It is found in French Guiana, Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia, Panama, Suriname and the Brazilian state of Amazonas.

## Subspecies

* *Araeomolis rhodographa rhodographa* (Colombia)
* *Araeomolis rhodographa peruviana* Rothschild, 1909 (Peru)

## InfoBox

| *Araeomolis rhodographa* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Adult | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Araeomolis* |
| Species: | ***A. rhodographa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Araeomolis rhodographa***<br>Hampson, 1901 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Araeomolis peruviana* Rothschild, 1909 | |


# 1984 Western Australian daylight saving referendum

A referendum was held on 7 April 1984 in the Australian state of Western Australia on the topic of introducing daylight saving. It was the second of four such proposals which have been put to Western Australian voters, and followed a trial over the 1983–1984 summer. The referendum failed to pass, with a 54.35% majority voting against the proposal.

## Referendum results

**Question:** *Are you in favour of the standard time in the State being advanced one hour from the last Sunday in October in each year until the first Sunday in March the following year?*

| Trial Period | Referendum Date | Outcome |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 30 October 1983 – 4 March 1984 | 7 April 1984 | **REJECTED** |

| YES | NO |
| --- | --- |
| 45.65% | **54.35%** |

## InfoBox

Western Australian Daylight Saving referendum, 1984
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
| --- | |
| Are you in favour of the standard time in the State being advanced one hour from the last Sunday in October in each year until the first Sunday in the following March? | |
| Results | |
| Choice Votes  %  Yes 329,536 45.65%  No **392,340** **54.35%** | |


abstract: The 1984 West Virginia gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1984, to elect the governor of West Virginia. Until 2020, this was the last time West Virginia voted for the Republican candidate for Governor and for President, as both elections are held concurrently in the state.

text:
# 1984 West Virginia gubernatorial election

The **1984 West Virginia gubernatorial election** took place on November 6, 1984, to elect the governor of West Virginia. Until 2020, this was the last time West Virginia voted for the Republican candidate for Governor and for President, as both elections are held concurrently in the state.

## Results

### Democratic primary

West Virginia Democratic gubernatorial primary, 1984
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Clyde M. See Jr.** | **148,049** | **39.84** |
|  | Democratic | Warren McGraw | 104,138 | 28.02 |
|  | Democratic | Chauncey H. Browning Jr. | 101,712 | 27.37 |
|  | Democratic | Dusty Rhodes | 7,581 | 2.04 |
|  | Democratic | Glenn W. Mullett | 5,234 | 1.41 |
|  | Democratic | Powell Lane | 2,935 | 0.79 |
|  | Democratic | E. E. Cumptan | 1,960 | 0.53 |
| Total votes | | | **371,609** | **100** |

### General election

West Virginia gubernatorial election, 1984
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Arch A. Moore Jr.** | **394,937** | **53.26** |
|  | Democratic | Clyde M. See Jr. | 346,565 | 46.74 |
| Total votes | | | **741,502** | **100** |
|  | Republican **gain** from Democratic | | | |

## InfoBox

1984 West Virginia gubernatorial election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Arch A. Moore Jr.** Clyde M. See Jr.   Party Republican Democratic  Popular vote **394,937** 346,565  Percentage **53.26%** 46.74% | |
| ---  County results
**Moore:**      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
**See:**      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% | |
| ---  **Governor before election**
Jay Rockefeller
Democratic **Elected Governor**
Arch A. Moore, Jr.
Republican | |


title: Ellis Henican

abstract: Ellis Henican is an American columnist at Newsday and AM New York as well as a political analyst on the Fox News Channel. He hosts a nationally syndicated weekend show on Talk Radio Network and is the voice of "Stormy" on the Cartoon Network series Sealab 2021. He is the co-author of the New York Times bestseller The Party's Over: How the Extreme Right Hijacked the GOP and I Became a Democrat.

text:
# Ellis Henican

**Ellis Henican** (born October 9, 1958) is an American columnist at *Newsday* and AM New York as well as a political analyst on the Fox News Channel. He hosts a nationally syndicated weekend show on Talk Radio Network and is the voice of "Stormy" on the Cartoon Network series *Sealab 2021*. He is the co-author of the *New York Times* bestseller *The Party's Over: How the Extreme Right Hijacked the GOP and I Became a Democrat*.

## Biography

Henican earned a bachelor's degree in political science from Hampshire College. He has a master's degree from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, where he won the top student prize, the Pulitzer Traveling Fellowship. He began his career as a reporter at *The Kentucky Post* and the *Albany (New York) Knickerbockers News*.

Henican wrote *Newsday*'s subway column. In 1992, he was part of the *Newsday* staff when they received a Pulitzer Prize for spot reporting for their coverage of the 14th Street – Union Square (New York City Subway) train wreck.

In recent years, Henican has built a strong presence on television and radio, appearing on most of the major broadcast and cable networks. He has appeared on Fox News Channel, since 1999, where he has made appearances on *The O'Reilly Factor*, *Fox News Watch*, *Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld* and other programs. He was also involved in coverage of the 2008 presidential campaign, the War in Iraq, and other major stories. Henican's early television experience included co-hosting a weekly transit program on NY1, New York's all-news channel. His weekly "Culture Clash" segments—an irreverent look at television, movies and pop-culture trends – were a popular daytime feature on the USA Network.

Henican's weekend radio program, *The Ellis Henican Show*, is syndicated to stations across the country by Talk Radio Network. Henican has also guest-hosted for Alan Colmes, Michael Savage, Bob Grant and Jerry Doyle. He also co-hosts *Henican & White* on WOR in New York, and has a news-driven weekend show on WBBR.

In 2010, Henican authored *Home Team* with New Orleans Saints coach Sean Payton. It was a *New York Times* Best Seller recounting the story of post-Katrina New Orleans and the Saints' Super Bowl championship that year. In 2011, to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the death of NASCAR driver Dale Earnhardt, Henican wrote another bestseller, *In the Blink of An Eye: Dale, Daytona, and the Day that Changed Everything* with driver Michael Waltrip. Henican has ghost-written two books for Simon & Schuster—an inside account of the nation's largest drug-treatment program and a best-selling motivational business book.

His articles have been published in various national magazines, including *The New Republic*, *Cosmopolitan* and *Penthouse*.

Henican also provided the voice for Derek "Stormy" Waters on the popular Cartoon Network series, *Sealab 2021*. A special feature called "Stormy Waters, Pundit" on the *Sealab 2021* Season 3 DVD animates Henican's political commentary with visuals of Stormy Waters in and around Sealab. Henican also lent his voice to pundit Harper Ellis on *Frisky Dingo*, which was made by the creators of *Sealab 2021*.

In 2024, Ellis Henican co-wrote "*In the Shadows: True Stories of High-Stakes Negotiations to Free Americans Captured Abroad*" with Mickey Bergman. The memoir details Bergman's role in high-stakes hostage negotiations, providing an insider's perspective on the efforts to secure the release of Americans held captive overseas.

Henican lives in the Tribeca area of downtown New York City.

## Awards

* Recipient of the Meyer Berger award for distinguished writing about New York City
* Recipient of the National Clarion Award for column writing

## InfoBox

| Ellis Henican | |
| --- | --- |
| Henican on the set of Fox News Watch | |
| Born | (1958-10-09) October 9, 1958
Virginia, U.S. |
| Education | Jesuit High School (New Orleans) |
| Alma mater | Hampshire College (BA)
Columbia University (MA) |
| Occupation(s) | Columnist, author, talk radio, entertainer, voice actor, television, political analyst |
| Notable work | "Home Team" |
| Spouse | Stephanie Carvlin |
| Parent(s) | C. Ellis, Jr., and Patricia McGraw Henican |
| Relatives | Peggy Wilson (aunt) |
| Website | http://www.henican.com/ |


title: Apollo of Mantua

abstract:
The Apollo of Mantua and its variants are early forms of the Apollo Citharoedus statue type, in which the god holds the cithara in his left arm. The type-piece, the first example discovered, is named for its location at Mantua; the type is represented by neo-Attic Imperial Roman copies of the late 1st or early 2nd century, modelled upon a supposed Greek bronze original made in the second quarter of the 5th century BCE, in a style similar to works of Polyclitus but more archaic. The Apollo held the cythara against his extended left arm, of which in the Louvre example (illustration) a fragment of one twisting scrolling horn upright remains against his biceps. More than a dozen other replicas of the type have been found, the principal ones being those conserved in the national museums of Naples and of Mantua. The lost original would have been bronze. The name of the teacher of Phidias, Hegias of Athens is sometimes invoked, but there are no surviving examples of Hegias' work to judge from. Examples include:
  - The Naples Apollo of Mantua, a bronze found at Pompeii, in the Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples.
  - The Louvre Apollo of Mantua, formerly in the Bibliothèque Mazarine, entered the museum in 1871.
  - The Fogg Art Museum Apollo of Mantua, a Roman bronze head of the Apollo of Mantua type, originally about one-third lifesize.

text:
# Apollo of Mantua

The **Apollo of Mantua** and its variants are early forms of the Apollo Citharoedus statue type, in which the god holds the cithara in his left arm. The type-piece, the first example discovered, is named for its location at Mantua; the type is represented by neo-Attic Imperial Roman copies of the late 1st or early 2nd century, modelled upon a supposed Greek bronze original made in the second quarter of the 5th century BCE, in a style similar to works of Polyclitus but more archaic. The Apollo held the *cythara* against his extended left arm, of which in the Louvre example (*illustration*) a fragment of one twisting scrolling horn upright remains against his biceps.

More than a dozen other replicas of the type have been found, the principal ones being those conserved in the national museums of Naples and of Mantua.

The lost original would have been bronze. The name of the teacher of Phidias, Hegias of Athens is sometimes invoked, but there are no surviving examples of Hegias' work to judge from.

Examples include:

## Further reading

* Congdon, Lenore O. Keene Congdon, 1963. "The Mantua Apollo of the Fogg Art Museum", *American Journal of Archaeology* **67**.1 (January 1963), pp. 7–13.
* Louvre catalogue


title: 1986 Australian Football Championships

abstract: The 1986 Australian Football Championships was an Australian rules football series between representative teams of the three major football states. Games involving Victoria were played under State of Origin rules, whilst the match between Western Australia and South Australia involved players based in their respective states at the time. The competition was won by Western Australia.

text:
# 1986 Australian Football Championships

The **1986 Australian Football Championships** was an Australian rules football series between representative teams of the three major football states. Games involving Victoria were played under State of Origin rules, whilst the match between Western Australia and South Australia involved players based in their respective states at the time. The competition was won by Western Australia.

## Results

### Game 1

### Game 2

### Game 3

## Standings

1986 Australian Championship
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | D | PF | PA | PP | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Western Australia | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 264 | 222 | 118.9 | 4 |
| 2 | South Australia | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 213 | 242 | 88.0 | 2 |
| 3 | Victoria | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 249 | 262 | 95.0 | 0 |

Source:

## Squads

| Western Australia | South Australia | Victoria |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Coach: Ron Alexander
**Both Games**
**vs South Australia**
**vs Victoria** | Coach: Graham Cornes

**Both Games**
**vs Victoria**
**vs Western Australia**
**Other Squad Members** | Coach: Kevin Sheedy
**Both Games**
**vs South Australia**
**vs Western Australia**
**Other Squad Members** |

## InfoBox

1986 Australian Football Championships
| Tournament information | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | Australian football |
| Location | Adelaide and Perth, Australia |
| Dates | 13 May 1986–8 July 1986 |
| Format | Round Robin |
| Teams | 3 |
| Final champion | |
| Western Australia | |
|  | |


title: Embassy of the United Kingdom, Manila

abstract: The British Embassy, Manila is the chief diplomatic mission of the United Kingdom in the Philippines, with the Ambassador of the United Kingdom to the Philippines being the chief of mission. The embassy compound measures about 12,000 m⁲, located at 120 Upper McKinley Hill, Taguig, Metro Manila, near the Manila American Cemetery.

text:
# Embassy of the United Kingdom, Manila

The **British Embassy, Manila** (*Pasuguan ng Britanya, Maynila*) is the chief diplomatic mission of the United Kingdom in the Philippines, with the Ambassador of the United Kingdom to the Philippines being the chief of mission. The embassy compound measures about 12,000 m2, located at 120 Upper McKinley Hill, Taguig, Metro Manila, near the Manila American Cemetery.

## History

### Leandro V. Locsin Building (1989–2008)

During the coup attempt against President Cory Aquino, the Locsin Building, which housed the embassy and various companies, became a hiding place for the 40 members of the Reform the Armed Forces Movement. During their time hiding at the building, the hiding RAM rebels later smashed the embassy's office windows.

On 12 September 2002, the British embassy, along with the other offices housed in the building, were briefly evacuated after a company employee received a call that they were going to bomb the embassy. After the evacuation, the bomb squad of the Philippine National Police led by SPO1 Eduardo Ugaddan conducted their search for the bomb, and at 10:15 am, they discovered that there were no planted bombs at the building.

### Taguig City, Metro Manila (2008–present)

In June 2006, the British embassy announced that they would build their new chancery in Taguig after Megaworld Corporation agreed to sell the 1.2 hectares of their 50-hectare land to them, which was later approved by the Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs. The groundbreaking began in March 2007, with the ceremony led by British ambassador Beckingham and Philippine officials including DFA secretary Alberto Romulo and Taguig mayor Sigfrido Tiñga.

On 12 July 2008, during the tenure of ambassador Peter Beckingham, the chancery in Taguig was inaugurated, and after almost 19 years in Locsin Building, the staff members were moved to the said building.

## InfoBox

| British Embassy, Manila
*Pasuguan ng Britanya, Maynila* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Metro Manila, Philippines |
| Address | 120 Upper McKinley Hill, Taguig, Metro Manila 1630 |
| Coordinates | 14°32′26″N 121°3′14″E / 14.54056°N 121.05389°E / 14.54056; 121.05389 |
| Ambassador | Laure Beaufils |
| Website | Office Website |


title: 1985 Soviet nuclear tests

abstract: The Soviet Union's 1985 nuclear test series was a group of 10 nuclear tests conducted in 1985. These tests followed the 1984 Soviet nuclear tests series and preceded the 1987 Soviet nuclear tests series.

text:
# 1985 Soviet nuclear tests

The **Soviet Union's 1985 nuclear test series** was a group of 10 nuclear tests conducted in 1985. These tests followed the *1984 Soviet nuclear tests* series and preceded the *1987 Soviet nuclear tests* series.

Soviet Union's 1985 series tests and detonations
| Name | Date time (UT) | Local time zone | Location | Elevation \+ height | Delivery,
Purpose | Device | Yield | Fallout | References | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *659* \- 1 | 10 February 1985 03:27:10.07 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1340 49°53′57″N 78°46′46″E / 49.89917°N 78.77939°E / 49.89917; 78.77939 (659 - 1) | 330 m (1,080 ft) \+ | underground shaft,
weapons development |  | 62 kt |  |  |  |
| *659* \- 2 | 10 February 1985 03:27:10.1 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1340 49°53′57″N 78°46′46″E / 49.89917°N 78.77939°E / 49.89917; 78.77939 (659 - 2) | 330 m (1,080 ft) \+ | underground shaft,
weapons development |  | unknown yield |  |  |  |
| *659* \- 3 | 10 February 1985 03:27:10.1 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1340 49°53′57″N 78°46′46″E / 49.89917°N 78.77939°E / 49.89917; 78.77939 (659 - 3) | 330 m (1,080 ft) \+ | underground shaft,
weapons development |  | unknown yield |  |  |  |
| *660* \- 1 | 25 April 1985 00:57:09.1 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1319 49°55′36″N 78°52′51″E / 49.92667°N 78.88083°E / 49.92667; 78.88083 (660 - 1) | 330 m (1,080 ft) \+ | underground shaft,
weapons development |  | 74 kt |  |  |  |
| *660* \- 2 | 25 April 1985 00:57:09.1 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1319 49°55′36″N 78°52′51″E / 49.92667°N 78.88083°E / 49.92667; 78.88083 (660 - 2) | 330 m (1,080 ft) \+ | underground shaft,
weapons development |  | unknown yield |  |  |  |
| *661* \- 1 | 15 June 1985 00:57:03.21 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1341 49°54′30″N 78°50′19″E / 49.90829°N 78.83869°E / 49.90829; 78.83869 (661 - 1) | 330 m (1,080 ft) \+ | underground shaft,
weapons development |  | 114 kt |  |  |  |
| *661* \- 2 | 15 June 1985 00:57:03.2 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1341 49°54′30″N 78°50′19″E / 49.90829°N 78.83869°E / 49.90829; 78.83869 (661 - 2) | 330 m (1,080 ft) \+ | underground shaft,
weapons development |  | unknown yield |  |  |  |
| *661* \- 3 | 15 June 1985 00:57:03 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1061bis 49°55′15″N 78°49′11″E / 49.92084°N 78.8196°E / 49.92084; 78.8196 (661 - 3) | 330 m (1,080 ft) \+ | underground shaft,
weapons development |  | unknown yield |  |  |  |
| *662 Benzol (Benzine)* | 18 June 1985 04:00:00.1 | SVET (5 hrs)
 | Khanty-Mansi, Russia 60°36′N 72°42′E / 60.6°N 72.7°E / 60.6; 72.7 (662 Benzol (Benzine)) | 2,860 m (9,380 ft) | underground shaft,
oil stimulation |  | 2.5 kt |  |  | Oil recovery intensification. 110 km SW Surgur. |
| *663* \- 1 | 30 June 1985 02:39:05.13 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1354 49°51′52″N 78°40′03″E / 49.86438°N 78.66744°E / 49.86438; 78.66744 (663 - 1) | 330 m (1,080 ft) \+ | underground shaft,
weapons development |  | 86 kt |  |  |  |
| *663* \- 2 | 30 June 1985 02:39:05.1 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1354 49°51′52″N 78°40′03″E / 49.86438°N 78.66744°E / 49.86438; 78.66744 (663 - 2) | 330 m (1,080 ft) \+ | underground shaft,
weapons development |  | unknown yield |  |  |  |
| *664* | 11 July 1985 02:57:02.0 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 175-pp 49°45′01″N 78°02′36″E / 49.75024°N 78.04326°E / 49.75024; 78.04326 (664) | 682 m (2,238 ft) \+ | tunnel,
weapons development |  | 500 t |  |  |  |
| *666 Agat (Kvartz 1)* | 18 July 1985 21:15:00.3 | MSK (3 hrs)
 | Arkhangelsk, Russia 65°59′38″N 41°02′17″E / 65.994°N 41.038°E / 65.994; 41.038 (666 Agat (Kvartz 1)) | 770 m (2,530 ft) | underground shaft,
seismic sounding |  | 8.5 kt |  |  | Seismic probing program. 150 km W Mizen. |
| *665* | 19 July 1985 04:00:08.0 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 901 49°48′12″N 78°03′46″E / 49.80325°N 78.06276°E / 49.80325; 78.06276 (665) | 710 m (2,330 ft) \+ | tunnel,
weapons development |  | unknown yield |  |  |  |
| *667* | 20 July 1985 00:53:16.98 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1322 49°56′59″N 78°47′02″E / 49.94972°N 78.78389°E / 49.94972; 78.78389 (667) | 330 m (1,080 ft) \+ | underground shaft,
weapons development |  | 74 kt |  |  |  |
| *668* \- 1 | 25 July 1985 03:11:09.23 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 152 49°48′57″N 78°00′35″E / 49.8157°N 78.0096°E / 49.8157; 78.0096 (668 - 1) | 654 m (2,146 ft) \+ | tunnel,
weapons development |  | 5 kt |  |  |  |
| *668* \- 2 | 25 July 1985 03:11:09.1 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 152 49°48′57″N 78°00′35″E / 49.8157°N 78.0096°E / 49.8157; 78.0096 (668 - 2) | 654 m (2,146 ft) \+ | tunnel,
weapons development |  | unknown yield |  |  |  |
| *668* \- 3 | 25 July 1985 03:11:09.1 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 152 49°48′57″N 78°00′35″E / 49.8157°N 78.0096°E / 49.8157; 78.0096 (668 - 3) | 654 m (2,146 ft) \+ | tunnel,
safety experiment |  | unknown yield |  |  |  |
| *668* \- 4 | 25 July 1985 03:11:09.1 | ALMT (6 hrs)
 | Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 152 49°48′57″N 78°00′35″E / 49.8157°N 78.0096°E / 49.8157; 78.0096 (668 - 4) | 654 m (2,146 ft) \+ | tunnel,
safety experiment |  | unknown yield |  |  |  |

1. Yang, Xiaoping; North, Robert; Romney, Carl (August 2000). *CMR Nuclear Explosion Database (Revision 3)* (Technical report). SMDC Monitoring Research.
2. "Time Zone Historical Database". iana.com. Archived from the original on 2014-03-11. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
3. Khalturin, Vitaly I.; Rautian, Tatyana G.; Richards, Paul G. (2000). "Chemical explosions during 1961-1989 on the Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan" (PDF). *Pure and Applied Geophysics*. **158**: 143–171. doi:10.1007/pl00001153. S2CID 128953780. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
4. Cochran, Thomas B.; Arkin, William M.; Norris, Robert S.; Sands, Jeffrey I. *Nuclear Weapons Databook Vol. IV: Soviet Nuclear Weapons*. New York, NY: Harper and Row.
5. Podvig, Pavel, ed. (2001). *Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces*. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 9780262661812. Retrieved January 9, 2014.
6. *USSR Nuclear Weapons Tests and Peaceful Nuclear Explosions 1949 through 1990*. Sarov, Russia: RFNC-VNIIEF. 1996. The official Russian list of Soviet tests.
7. Thurber, Clifford; Trabant, Chad; Haslinger, Florian; Hartog, Renate (2001). *Nuclear explosion locations at the Balapan, Kazakhstan, nuclear test site: the effects of high-precision arrival times and three-dimensional structure*. *Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors* (Technical report). Vol. 123. pp. 283–301. doi:10.1016/s0031-9201(00)00215-6. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
8. Andrushkin, Vitaly V.; Leith, William (September 1, 2001). *The containment of Soviet underground nuclear explosions* (PDF) (Open File Report 01-312). USGS. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 9, 2013. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
9. *Nuclear explosions in the USSR: The North Test Site reference material, version 4* (PDF) (Technical report). IAEA Dept. of Nuclear Safety and Security. December 1, 2004. Retrieved December 13, 2013.

## InfoBox

| 1985 | |
| --- | --- |
| Information | |
| Country | Soviet Union |
| Test site | Arkhangelsk, Russia; Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan; Khanty-Mansi, Russia |
| Period | 1985 |
| Number of tests | 10 |
| Test type | underground shaft, tunnel |
| Max. yield | 114 kilotonnes of TNT (480 TJ) |
| Test series chronology | |
|  | |


title: 2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish

abstract: The 2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish was a series of incidents which took place during the months of July and August 2011 across the Line of Control in Kupwara District and Neelam Valley. Both countries gave different accounts of the incident, each accusing the other of initiating the hostilities.

text:
# 2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish

The **2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish** was a series of incidents which took place during the months of July and August 2011 across the Line of Control in Kupwara District and Neelam Valley. Both countries gave different accounts of the incident, each accusing the other of initiating the hostilities.

## Incident

India sources claimed that Pakistani Border Action Team (BAT) attacked a remote Indian Army post located at Gugaldhar Ridge, Kupwara District on 30 July 2011. The post was manned by soldiers of the 19 Rajput Regiment and 20 Kumaon Regiment, the latter in the process of replacing the former. Around six Indian soldiers were killed in the attack. During the attack, the Pakistani forces beheaded two soldiers of the 20 Kumaon and took back the heads with them. A soldier of the 19 Rajput succumbed to his injuries in the hospital. A few days later, Indian army also discovered a video clip of the severed heads from a Pakistani militant who was killed while crossing into Jammu and Kashmir.

In retaliation, Operation Ginger was planned by the Indian Army which a plan to conduct an ambush on the Pakistan Army post of Police Chowki using multiple teams. Seven, physical and aerial reconnaissance missions were conducted and three Pakistan Army posts were identified as vulnerable. These posts included Police Chowki, a post at Jor, and the Hifazat and Lashdat lodging point. Indian commandos crossed over the Line of Control (LoC) at 10 pm on 29 August and reached their targets at 3 am on 30 August, a day before Eid. The first team of commandos laid claymore mines preparing for an ambush and targeting four Pakistani soldiers, including a junior commissioned officer (JCO), at 7 am. One of the Pakistani soldiers was injured and fell into a stream while the other three soldiers were beheaded by the Indian commandos. Indian soldiers then booby trapped the dead bodies with IEDs. Two Pakistani soldiers from the post rushed towards the ambush site after hearing the explosions but were killed by a second team of Indian soldiers. Two other Pakistani soldiers attacked the second team but were killed by a third team of Indian soldiers. At 7:45 am, the Indian soldiers started to head back to the LoC. As they were retreating, they saw another group of Pakistani soldiers heading towards the ambush site. They heard loud explosions which indicated that the IEDs had been triggered and estimated that two to three additional Pakistani soldiers had been killed in the blast. The last team reached back on the Indian side by 2:30 pm on 30 August. During exfiltration, an Indian soldier blew his finger off when he accidentally fell on a mine. The Indian team carried back with them three severed heads, three AK-47 rifles, and other weapons as trophies. Initially the heads were photographed and buried. Later on, However, the heads were burned on the orders of a senior general in the Indian Army, so no DNA evidence would be left behind. The ashes were then disposed of, so no DNA evidence would be left behind. India claimed that during the 45 minute operation, at least eight Pakistani soldiers were killed and a further two to three Pakistani soldiers may have been fatally injured.

Officially, an Indian Army spokesman maintained that the incident started when Pakistan made an infiltration bid in the Keran Sector of Kupwara District, Jammu and Kashmir on 30 August, which was foiled by Indian security forces. During this incursion, an Indian Army JCO was also killed. He further claimed that there were two unprovoked firing incidents by the Pakistani Army, one on 31 August at around 8 pm and another on 1 September at around 11 am.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| 2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts | |
| Date 30 March 2011 – 1 April 2011
(2 days)  Location Line of Control (LOC)  Result Ceasefire | |
| Belligerents | |
| India | Pakistan |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Vijay Kumar Singh | Ashfaq Parvez Kayani |
| Units involved | |
| Border Security Force | Pakistan Rangers |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 5 killed (per India) | 3 killed
8–11 killed (per India) |


title: Ephemeral (company)

abstract: Ephemeral is a corporate chain of tattoo studios that has raised millions from venture capital investors. Their tattoos were supposed to fade in 9 to 15 months. In February 2023, the company updated the timeframe, saying that 70% of tattoos will fade within two years. The company was founded by five students at New York University, two of whom invented Ephemeral’s ink. In 2021, the company raised 20 million of venture capital funding. Ephemeral’s tattoo ink is made of bioabsorbable polymer particles that are supposed to break down over time, eventually degrading enough to be eliminated by the immune system. In September 2023, Ephemeral announced that they are closing all of their studio locations within the month.

text:
# Ephemeral (company)

**Ephemeral** is a corporate chain of tattoo studios that has raised millions from venture capital investors. Their tattoos were supposed to fade in 9 to 15 months. In February 2023, the company updated the timeframe, saying that 70% of tattoos will fade within two years. The company was founded by five students at New York University, two of whom invented Ephemeral’s ink. In 2021, the company raised 20 million of venture capital funding.

Ephemeral’s tattoo ink is made of bioabsorbable polymer particles that are supposed to break down over time, eventually degrading enough to be eliminated by the immune system.

In September 2023, Ephemeral announced that they are closing all of their studio locations within the month.

## Concerns

Customers have complained that their Ephemeral tattoos do not fade, even after fifteen to nineteen months. In response to these concerns, ink co-inventor Brennal Pierre stated:

> *"As a researcher, I expect these things. We come up with what we think is an average in what the data has shown us, and that’s what we present. But when you put it out in the wild, different things happen."*

Dr. Roy Grekin, director of the Dermatologic Surgery and Laser Center at UC San Francisco stated he wasn’t surprised to hear that different people experienced different fade times with Ephemeral tattoos.

Co-founder Joshua Sakhai stated:

> *"After the ink fades away, there is a possibility that the skin’s pigment may look lighter or darker in the area. This is a result of the tattoo process itself. Ephemeral tattoos, just like permanent ones, cause trauma to the skin, and this slight difference in pigmentation is a result of the skin’s healing process."'*

## Contests

In 2015, Ephemeral won first place in the $200K Entrepreneurs Challenge and in 2016, Inc. (magazine) named the company the Coolest College Startup.

## InfoBox

Ephemeral
| Services | Tattoos |
| --- | --- |
| Website | ephemeral.tattoo |


title: Anderson Regional Airport

abstract:
Anderson Regional Airport is a public airport 3 nautical miles southwest of Anderson, in Anderson County, South Carolina, United States. It is one of the busiest airports in upstate South Carolina. It receives over 14,000 visitors each year and generates over $13 million annually. Anderson has no airline service or concourses for gates, and no control tower, but in 2007 one runway was extended 1,000 ft (300 m) to handle larger aircraft. In May 2018, airport authorities announced plans for a 6.71 million dollar facelift. The plan includes further improvements of the main runway and building a new ADA-compliant general aviation terminal. Once the new terminal was completed, the old terminal built in 1970 was demolished. From 2009 to 2020, the airport hosted an annual airshow that typically runs Saturday-Sunday and was free to the public. The Anderson Regional Airshow attracted an estimated 50,000 visitors to the airport each year during the two-day event. Anderson Regional Airport covers 704 acres (2.85 km⁲) and has two runways and two helipads:
  - 5/23: 6,002 feet (1,829 m) by 150 feet (46 m), asphalt
  - 17/35: 4,996 feet (1,523 m) by 150 feet (46 m), asphalt
  - H1: 50 feet (15 m) by 50 feet (15 m), concrete
  - H2: 50 feet (15 m) by 50 feet (15 m), concrete New Prospect Elementary School is across from the airport; the school mascot is the Jets. It is the headquarters of the Anderson County Civil Air Patrol.

text:
# Anderson Regional Airport

**Anderson Regional Airport** (IATA: **AND**, ICAO: **KAND**, FAA LID: **AND**) is a public airport 3 nautical miles (5.6 kilometres) southwest of Anderson, in Anderson County, South Carolina, United States. It is one of the busiest airports in upstate South Carolina. It receives over 14,000 visitors each year and generates over $13 million annually.

Anderson has no airline service or concourses for gates, and no control tower, but in 2007 one runway was extended 1,000 ft (300 m) to handle larger aircraft.

In May 2018, airport authorities announced plans for a 6.71 million dollar facelift. The plan includes further improvements of the main runway and building a new ADA-compliant general aviation terminal. Once the new terminal was completed, the old terminal built in 1970 was demolished.

From 2009 to 2020, the airport hosted an annual airshow that typically runs Saturday-Sunday and was free to the public. The Anderson Regional Airshow attracted an estimated 50,000 visitors to the airport each year during the two-day event.

Anderson Regional Airport covers 704 acres (2.85 km2) and has two runways and two helipads:

* 5/23: 6,002 feet (1,829 m) by 150 feet (46 m), asphalt
* 17/35: 4,996 feet (1,523 m) by 150 feet (46 m), asphalt
* H1: 50 feet (15 m) by 50 feet (15 m), concrete
* H2: 50 feet (15 m) by 50 feet (15 m), concrete

New Prospect Elementary School is across from the airport; the school mascot is the Jets. It is the headquarters of the Anderson County Civil Air Patrol.

## History

Anderson County Airport, the first airport in the area, was founded in 1927. It was a grass field that was designated as an emergency landing field; eventually it was used to deliver air mail.

Famous aviator Amelia Earhart visited the airport on November 14, 1931; she was greeted by over 1,000 residents while she toured the town and met with local civic leaders. The visit was credited with creating enthusiasm for a better airport.

Within a year of her visit, civic leaders bought land 3 miles from downtown and plans were made for the new airport. Though Earhart was given credit for inspiring residents to build the new airport, she and her plane disappeared over the South Pacific two months before the airport opened in September 1937.

During World War II the airport was an auxiliary airfield for the United States Army Air Forces, supporting the combat flight training at Greenville Army Airbase. Control of the airport was returned to local authorities in the fall of 1945. The civilian pilot training for the Army Air Force was conducted at the Anderson Airport, and students from Clemson College participated in the flight training program.

In the 1950s Eastern Airlines scheduled three or four daily departures. The airport was one of Eastern's smallest stations and was a stop on a route between Atlanta and Charlotte. Famed World War I fighter ace and eventual CEO of Eastern Airlines, Eddie Rickenbacker, once made an unannounced stop. "Captain Eddie" inspected operations and visited briefly with employees; his visit that day was featured in *Life* magazine.

### Historical airline service

Eastern Airlines served the airport from 1947 until 1964 as a stop on a route between Atlanta, GA and Greenville/Spartanburg, SC.

Southern Airways took over the former Eastern service from 1964 through 1974 flying the same route as Eastern.

Bankair provided commuter airline service from 1978 until 1984 with flights to Columbia and Greenville/Spartanburg, SC

Sunbird Airlines began service in 1985 operating as Piedmont Commuter on behalf of Piedmont Airlines with flights to Charlotte, NC. In early 1986 Sunbird changed to CCAir and service ended in late 1986.

In 1989 Piedmont merged with USAir and from 1992 through 1993, CCAir returned to Anderson operating as USAir Express, again with commuter flights to Charlotte.

The airport has been served briefly by other commuter airlines and air taxi service, including ImagineAir in 2005.

## Accidents and incidents

* On June 16, 2012 1:30 p.m. an experimental airplane crashed in some trees near the airport runway. The pilot and sole passenger were not injured.
* On April 27, 2012 at 1:00 p.m. a Cirrus SR22 crashed on approach 600 yards of the runway, killing the pilot and injuring the passenger.
* On December 9, 2004 at 10:20 a.m. a Diamond DA40 en route to Anderson Regional was diverted due to poor visibility. The airport's instrument landing system, which helps pilots land in low visibility, was turned off due to an extension on the main runway. The plane crashed en route to a neighboring airport, killing all three on board.

## InfoBox

| Anderson Regional Airport
Anderson Auxiliary Field | |
| --- | --- |
| 2006 USGS photo | |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Operator | County of Anderson |
| Serves | Anderson, South Carolina |
| Elevation AMSL | 782 ft / 238.4 m |
| Coordinates | 34°29′41″N 082°42′34″W / 34.49472°N 82.70944°W / 34.49472; -82.70944 |
| Map | |
| **KAND** | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  5/23 6,002 1,829 Asphalt  17/35 4,996 1,523 Asphalt | |
| Helipads | |
| Number Length Surface  ft m  H1 50 15 Concrete  H2 50 15 Concrete | |
| Source: Federal Aviation Administration | |


title: Aonidiella orientalis

abstract: Aonidiella orientalis is a species of insect in the family Diaspididae, the armored scale insects. It is known commonly as the Oriental yellow scale. It is an agricultural pest on a wide variety of crop plants.

text:
# Aonidiella orientalis

***Aonidiella orientalis*** is a species of insect in the family Diaspididae, the armored scale insects. It is known commonly as the **Oriental yellow scale**. It is an agricultural pest on a wide variety of crop plants.

## Description

This is a scale insect, a tiny insect which is most easily identified by the female, which attaches itself to a host plant, loses its legs, and remains stationary covered by a somewhat rounded scale-like shield of wax. In this species, the female forms a flat, circular scale which is white, brown, or yellow in color. It is up to 2.6 millimeters long. The insect within is no more than 1.4 millimeters long. The winged male of this species also produces a scale.

## Distribution

This species is likely native to Asia. It can be found nearly worldwide today because it has been introduced to many areas with shipments of plants and then began a slow spread. It is common in many tropical and subtropical areas, and it can survive in greenhouses in cooler regions. It is not known from Europe. Some ports check for this and other scales in quarantined plant shipments.

## Biology

The female attaches to the surface of a plant, forms a waxy shield, and lays eggs beneath it. They are often viviparous, producing live young instead of laying eggs. The larvae emerge and leave the shield; at this point they are called "crawlers". They roam the plant, feeding on sap by inserting their stylets. Males reach the adult stage at about 19 days. Females reach adulthood and yield the next generation of larvae at about 44 days. Males have wings but no mouthparts, and they do not feed. There are about three to five generations per year, depending on conditions.

## Impact

This species is highly polyphagous: it can feed on a wide variety of plant taxa. It has been found on most every kind of plant except conifers. It is problematic in many kinds of plant crops, including fruits, vegetables, herbs, medicinal plants, fiber plants, oil plants, and ornamental plants. Crops affected include sisal hemp, tea, cotton, mastic, oil palms, neem, and many foods and flowers.

The insect damages the plant by sucking sap, weakening it. The physical damage includes discoloration and deformation of leaves. Flowers and fruits fail to develop. When the insects feed on the fruits they are discolored and warped, reducing their value on the market. Infestations can kill plants, even established trees.

Severe impacts can occur in places where the insect is newly introduced. It was first seen in papaya crops in Queensland in 1988, and it rapidly became the most serious pest in the local industry. It was first found on mangoes in Israel in 1980; now it is established in mango groves throughout the surrounding region and is spreading to other local crops, such as olive and guava. Some groves are doubly infested, also harboring populations of the related red scale (*Aonidiella aurantii*). It was first found on neem in Cameroon in 1985 and had spread over one million kilometers by 1998, infesting many economically important trees.

## Control

Infested twigs, branches, and shoots can be removed from trees, slowing the spread of the scale. Pesticides have been used, but are less popular now as attention turns to biological pest control. There are many natural enemies of the scale which can be reared and released in infested orchards, reducing scale populations.

Natural enemies have been trialed in Queensland's papaya groves. Good results were observed with the parasitoid wasps *Comperiella lemniscata* and *Encarsia citrina*. Other insects, such as the larva of the coconut moth (*Batrachedra arenosella*) and the lady beetles *Lindores lophanthae*, *Chilocorus circumdatus*, and *C. baileyi* have been helpful in severe infestations.

## InfoBox

| *Aonidiella orientalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Sternorrhyncha |
| Family: | Diaspididae |
| Genus: | *Aonidiella* |
| Species: | ***A. orientalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aonidiella orientalis***<br>(Newstead, 1894) | |
|


title: 1927–28 Tranmere Rovers F.C. season

abstract: Tranmere Rovers F.C. played the 1927–28 season in the Football League Third Division North. It was their seventh season of league football, and they finished 5th of 22. They reached the Third Round of the FA Cup.

text:
# 1927–28 Tranmere Rovers F.C. season

**Tranmere Rovers F.C.** played the **1927–28 season** in the Football League Third Division North. It was their seventh season of league football, and they finished 5th of 22. They reached the Third Round of the FA Cup.

## Football League

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GAv | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 3 | Stockport County | 42 | 23 | 8 | 11 | 89 | 51 | 1.745 | 54 |
| 4 | Doncaster Rovers | 42 | 23 | 7 | 12 | 80 | 44 | 1.818 | 53 |
| 5 | Tranmere Rovers | 42 | 22 | 9 | 11 | 105 | 72 | 1.458 | 53 |
| 6 | Bradford City | 42 | 18 | 12 | 12 | 85 | 60 | 1.417 | 48 |
| 7 | Darlington | 42 | 21 | 5 | 16 | 89 | 74 | 1.203 | 47 |

Source: rsssf.com

## InfoBox

Tranmere Rovers F.C.
| 1927–28 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Manager | Bert Cooke |
| Stadium | Prenton Park |
| Third Division North | 5th |
| FA Cup | Third Round |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: 1963–64 MJHL season

abstract: The Brandon Wheat Kings won for the third year in a row, and fourth in five years. The win on March 8, 1964, in Fort Frances was the first time the Wheat Kings won the Turnbull Memorial Trophy not playing on home ice.

text:
# 1963–64 MJHL season

The **Brandon Wheat Kings** won for the third year in a row, and fourth in five years. The win on March 8, 1964, in Fort Frances was the first time the Wheat Kings won the Turnbull Memorial Trophy not playing on home ice.

## League notes

The MJHL expands to Fort Frances, with the **Fort Frances Royals** joining the league.

## Regular season

| League Standings | GP | W | L | T | Pts | GF | GA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Brandon Wheat Kings | 30 | 27 | 1 | 2 | 56 | 209 | 67 |
| Fort Frances Royals | 30 | 17 | 12 | 1 | 35 | 118 | 136 |
| Winnipeg Rangers | 30 | 15 | 12 | 3 | 33 | 120 | 91 |
| Winnipeg Monarchs | 30 | 13 | 15 | 2 | 28 | 112 | 124 |
| Winnipeg Braves | 30 | 11 | 16 | 3 | 25 | 92 | 120 |
| St. Boniface Canadiens | 30 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 3 | 97 | 210 |

## All-Star game

The SJHL click for three unanswered goals in the third period, two within 25 seconds, to beat the MJHL 5-2 in the 3rd annual Manitoba - Saskatchewan all-star game was played in Brandon on February 3. Ron Boehm, Fran Huck, Gary Holland, Wayne Doll, and Larry Mickey scored for Saskatchewan, who with the win, retain the Charlie Gardner Memorial Trophy. Replying for the Manitoba were Jim Irving and Felix LaVallee.
MJHL Lineup:

## Playoffs

***Semi-Finals***

**Brandon** defeated Rangers *4-games-to-none* **Fort Frances** defeated Monarchs *4-games-to-none*

***Turnbull Cup Championship***

**Brandon** defeated Fort Frances *10-points-to-2* (9 point series)

***Western Memorial Cup Inter-Provincial Playoff***

**Brandon** defeated Fort William Canadiens (TBJHL) *4-games-to-2*

***Western Memorial Cup Semi-Final***

Brandon lost to **Edmonton Oil Kings** (CAHL) *4-games-to-1*

## Awards

| Trophy | Winner | Team |
| --- | --- | --- |
|
| MVP |  |  |
| Top Goaltender | Ken Kachulak | Brandon Wheat Kings |
| Rookie of the Year |  |  |
| Sportsmanship Award | Jim Irving | Winnipeg Rangers |
| Scoring Champion | John Vopni | Brandon Wheat Kings |
| Most Goals | John Vopni | Brandon Wheat Kings |

## All-Star Teams

| First All-Star Team | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Goaltender | Ken Kachulak | Brandon Wheat Kings |
| Defencemen | Bob Ash | Brandon Wheat Kings |
| | Jim Murray | Brandon Wheat Kings |
| Centreman | Felix LaVallee | Brandon Wheat Kings |
| Leftwinger | Ted Irvine | Winnipeg Braves |
| Rightwinger | John Vopni | Brandon Wheat Kings |
| Coach | Ron Maxwell | Brandon Wheat Kings |
| Second All-Star Team | | | | | |
| Goaltender | Ben Harper | Fort Frances Royals |
| Defencemen (tie) | Terry Ball | Winnipeg Rangers |
| | Bob Howard | Winnipeg Rangers |
| | George Hayes | Brandon Wheat Kings |
| Centreman | Dan Johnson | Fort Frances Royals |
| Leftwinger | Jim Irving | Winnipeg Rangers |
| Rightwinger | Freeman Asmundson | Winnipeg Monarchs |


title: 2005 Desafío Corona season

abstract: The 2005 Desafio Corona season was the second season of stock car racing in Mexico.

text:
# 2005 Desafío Corona season

The **2005 Desafio Corona season** was the second season of stock car racing in Mexico.

## Cars

Ford Mustang made its debut in this year. Pontiac again won the majority of the races. Dodge won the other 3 races.

## Drivers

| Team | Manufacturer | No. | Race Driver | Rounds |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team GP |  | 3 | Eduardo Goeters | All |
| | 18 | Jorge Goeters | All |
| | 19 | Patrick Goeters | All |
| Tame Racing | Ford | 21 | Freddy Tame, Jr. | All |
| | 22 | Patricio Jourdain | All |

## Schedule

GuadalajaraQuerétaroMéxico CityMonterreySLPZacatecasclass=notpageimage|2005 Desafío Corona venues

| No. | Race Title | Track | Date | Time | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Local | UTC |
| 1 | Mexico City | Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez, Mexico City | March 5 | 15:00 | 21:00 |
| 2 | Guadalajara | Trióvalo Bernardo Obregón, Guadalajara | April 10 |  |  |
| 3 | Zacatecas | Autódromo Internacional de Zacatecas, Guadalupe | May 1 | 13:30 | 18:30 |
| 4 | Querétaro | Autódromo Querétaro, El Marqués | May 15 | 13:30 | 18:30 |
| 5 | San Luis Potosí | Autódromo Potosino, Zaragoza | June 5 | 13:30 | 18:30 |
| 6 | Monterrey | Autódromo Monterrey, Apodaca | June 26 | 13:30 | 18:30 |
| 7 | Guadalajara | Trióvalo Bernardo Obregón, Guadalajara | July 17 | 13:30 | 18:30 |
| 8 | San Luis Potosí | Autódromo Potosino, Zaragoza | August 7 | 13:30 | 18:30 |
| 9 | Querétaro | Autódromo Querétaro, El Marqués | August 28 | 13:30 | 18:30 |
| 10 | Zacatecas | Autódromo Internacional de Zacatecas, Guadalupe | September 18 | 13:30 | 18:30 |
| 11 | Monterrey | Autódromo Monterrey, Apodaca | October 2 | 13:30 | 18:30 |
| 12 | Guadalajara | Trióvalo Bernardo Obregón, Guadalajara | October 23 | 13:30 | 18:30 |
| 13 | San Luis Potosí | Autódromo Potosino, Zaragoza | November 13 | 13:30 | 19:30 |
| 14 | Mexico City | Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez, Mexico City | November 27 | 13:30 | 19:30 |

## Results

### Races

| No. | Race | Pole position | Most laps led | Winning driver | Winning manufacturer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Mexico City | Jorge Goeters |  | Patrick Goeters | Pontiac |
| 2 | Guadalajara | Freddy Tame, Jr. | Jorge Goeters | Jorge Goeters | Pontiac |
| 3 | Zacatecas | Rogelio López | Rubén Pardo | Rubén Pardo | Pontiac |
| 4 | Quéretaro | Rogelio López |  | Jorge Goeters | Pontiac |
| 5 | San Luis Potosí | Patrick Goeters | Rogelio López | Rogelio López | Pontiac |
| 6 | Monterrey | Rogelio López | Rogelio López | Rogelio López | Pontiac |
| 7 | Guadalajara | Freddy Tame, Jr. |  | Rafael Martínez | Dodge |
| 8 | San Luis Potosí | Jorge Goeters | Rogelio López | Rogelio López | Pontiac |
| 9 | Quéretaro | Rogelio López | Rogelio López | Rogelio López | Pontiac |
| 10 | Zacatecas | Jorge Goeters | Carlos Pardo | Rubén Pardo | Pontiac |
| 11 | Monterrey | Jorge Goeters | Rogelio López | Rogelio López | Pontiac |
| 12 | Guadalajara | Rogelio López | Carlos Pardo | Rogelio López | Pontiac |
| 13 | San Luis Potosí | Rogelio López | Jorge Goeters | Jorge Goeters | Dodge |
| 14 | Mexico City | Rogelio López | Jorge Goeters | Jorge Goeters | Dodge |

### Standings

(key) **Bold** \- Pole position awarded by time. *Italics* \- Pole position set by final practice results or rainout. * – Most laps led.

The top 10

| Rank | Driver |
MEX |
GDL |
ZAC |
QRO |
SLP |
MTY |
GDL |
SLP |
QRO |
ZAC |
MTY |
GDL |
SLP |
MEX | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Jorge Goeters | **2** | 1\* | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 530 |
| 2 | Rubén Pardo | 4 | 6 | 1\* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 505 |
| 3 | Patrick Goeters | 1 | 3 | 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 491 |
| 4 | José Garfias | 33 | 5 | 8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 482 |
| 5 | Mara Reyes | 10 | 9 | 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 473 |
| 6 | Rafael Martinez | 31 | 2 | 17 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 462 |
| 7 | Freddy Tame, Jr. | 20 | **16** | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 450 |
| 8 | Oscar Ruiz | 18 | 7 | 15 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 449 |
| 9 | Rogelio López | 3 | 4 | **20** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 443 |
| 10 | Ricardo Pérez de Lara | 38 | 8 | 13 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 441 |
| Rank | Driver |
MEX |
GDL |
ZAC |
QRO |
SLP |
MTY |
GDL |
SLP |
QRO |
ZAC |
MTY |
GDL |
SLP |
MEX | Points |

## InfoBox

| 2005 Desafío Corona season | |
| --- | --- |
| Desafío Corona | |
| Season | |
| Races | 14 |
| Start date | June 6 |
| End date | December 5 |
| Awards | |
| Champion | Jorge Goeters |
|


title: Athénaïs Michelet

abstract: Athénaïs Michelet (1826–1899), née Mialaret, was a French natural history writer and memoirist. She wrote independently and in collaboration with her husband, Jules Michelet.

text:
# Athénaïs Michelet

**Athénaïs Michelet** (1826–1899), née **Mialaret**, was a French natural history writer and memoirist. She wrote independently and in collaboration with her husband, Jules Michelet.

## Marriage and literary collaboration

While tutoring the children of the Princess Cantacuzène in Vienna, Athénaïs first encountered Jules Michelet through his literary work. She had written to him after reading *Du prêtre, de la femme et de la famille*. They began a correspondence that ensued for years and they became engaged before meeting. They married in 1849, ten years after the death of his first wife.

Their mutual literary interests remained the basis of their relationship even after their marriage. She and her husband entered into a shared literary life, collaborating on *L'Oiseau* (1856), *L'Insecte* (1857), *La Mer* (1861), and *La Montagne* (1868). Although these books were published only under Jules Michelet's name, he explicitly credited Athénaïs, not only for turning his attention to natural history, but also as an active collaborator. At his death, they were working on *La nature*.

## Bequeathed literary rights

Before he died in 1874, Jules Michelet accorded Athénaïs literary rights to his books and papers, acknowledging their collaboration and that she had a significant role in the writing he published during his later years. Although the legacy of his works was contested by Jules Michelet's son-in-law, Athénaïs won the court case and retained the papers and publishing rights.

## Michelet scholarship

In a tradition of writing about Jules Michelet during the century following his death, some authors painted Athénaïs as exerting control to guide her husband's literary endeavours along her own lines of interest. In response to that interpretation, historian Bonnie Smith, discusses a potentially misogynist effort to discount the contributions of Athénaïs and notes, "Michelet scholarship, like other historiographical debates, has taken great pains to establish the priority of the male over the female in writing history".

## Solo writing career

She published several books in her own right, including *Mémoires d'une enfant* in 1867. She also wrote a book expressly for the English audience that was published in 1872 as, *Nature, or the poetry of earth and sea* (London: T. Nelson 1872).

Also being a memoirist, after the death of her husband in 1874, she published several books about him and his family, based on the extracts and journals he had left her.

While researching cat behavior, she corresponded with Charles Darwin, which has been preserved. Her related book, *Les chats*, was published posthumously in 1904.

## Death

Upon her death in 1899, she bequeathed the literary legacy to Gabriel Monod, a historian who had founded the Revue Historique in 1876.

## InfoBox

| Athénaïs Michelet | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1826 (1826) |
| Died | 1899 (aged 7273) |
| Nationality | French |
| Genre | Natural history, memoir |
| Subject | History |
| Spouse | Jules Michelet 1849–1874 (his death) |


title: Athée, Mayenne

abstract: Athée is a commune in the Mayenne department in northwestern France.

text:
# Athée, Mayenne

**Athée** (French pronunciation: \[ate\] ) is a commune in the Mayenne department in northwestern France.

## Geography

The Oudon flows through the commune and forms most of its southwestern border and part of its northeastern border.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 542 |  |
| 1975 | 466 | −2.14% |
| 1982 | 461 | −0.15% |
| 1990 | 408 | −1.52% |
| 1999 | 488 | +2.01% |
| 2009 | 507 | +0.38% |
| 2014 | 504 | −0.12% |
| 2020 | 466 | −1.30% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Athée | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church in Athée | |
| Location of Athée | |
| AthéeAthée | |
| Coordinates: 47°53′16″N 0°56′56″W / 47.8878°N 0.9489°W / 47.8878; -0.9489 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Pays de la Loire |
| Department | Mayenne |
| Arrondissement | Château-Gontier |
| Canton | Cossé-le-Vivien |
| Intercommunality | CC Pays Craon |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Nadine Martin-Ferré |
| Area**1** | 17.23 km2 (6.65 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 460 |
| Density | 27/km2 (69/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 53012 /53400 |
| Elevation | 39–88 m (128–289 ft)
(avg. 60 m or 200 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


abstract: The women's pole vault competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The event was held at the Olympic Stadium between 16–19 August.

text:
# Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's pole vault

The **women's pole vault** competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The event was held at the Olympic Stadium between 16–19 August.

## Summary

It took a clean round to 4.55 m to qualify. Holly Bradshaw, Lisa Ryzih, Jennifer Suhr, Eliza McCartney, Yarisley Silva and Martina Strutz already had misses and had to jump 4.60. All but Strutz did it on their first attempt. Ekaterini Stefanidi had passed the lower heights and took her only attempt at 4.60, which was successful to qualify.

In the final, 4.60 proved to be the end of the line as both returning Olympic medalists from 2012, Suhr and Silva topped out. They left tied with one miss each. 2012 bronze medalist Yelena Isinbayeva did not return because Russia's athletics team was suspended from international competition for state-sponsored doping. Isinbayeva later announced her retirement. Six women were able to clear 4.70, McCartney and Stefanidi were tied with the lead, each without a miss. Stefanidi missed her first attempt at 4.80, so when McCartney remained perfect, she took the lead. Stefanidi, Sandi Morris and Alana Boyd all cleared on their second attempt. After missing her first attempt at 4.80, Nicole Büchler saved her two remaining attempts for 4.85 (she missed both). Stefanidi took the lead with a second attempt clearance of 4.85 m (15 ft 10+34 in). Morris followed with a clearance of her own. When McCartney and Boyd were unable to clear the bar, Morris was guaranteed silver. Neither were able to clear 4.90 m (16 ft 34 in), though on Morris' last attempt, knowing it was all or nothing for the gold medal, it looked like she was well over the bar, her thigh just catching the bar on the way down to dislodge it. 19-year-old McCartney equaled her National Record, set in March 2016.

The medals were presented by Irena Szewińska and Svein Arne Hansen.

## Competition format

The competition consisted of two rounds, qualification and final. In qualification, each athlete had three attempts at each height and is eliminated if she failed to clear any height. Athletes who successfully jumped the qualifying height moved on the final. If fewer than 12 reached that height, the best 12 moved on. Cleared heights were reset for the final, which followed the same three-attempts-per-height format until all athletes reach a height they can not jump.

## Schedule

All times are Brasilia Time (UTC-3)

| Date | Time | Round |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tuesday, 16 August 2016 | **09:45** | **Qualifications** |
| Friday, 19 August 2016 | **20:30** | **Finals** |
|

## Records

Prior to the competition, the existing World and Olympic records were as follows.

| **World record** | Yelena Isinbayeva (RUS) | **5.06 m** | Zürich, Switzerland | 28 August 2009 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Olympic record** | Yelena Isinbayeva (RUS) | **5.05 m** | Beijing, China | 18 August 2008 |
| **2016 World leading** | Sandi Morris (USA) | **4.93 m** | Houston, USA | 23 July 2016 |

The following national record was established during the competition:

| Country | Athlete | Round | Height | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **New Zealand** | Eliza McCartney (NZL) | Final | **4.80 m** | = |

## Results

**Key**

* **o** = Height cleared
* **x** = Height failed
* = Height passed
* **r**  = Retired
* **SB** = Season's best
* **PB** = Personal best
* **NR** = National record
* **AR** = Area record
* **OR** = Olympic record
* **WR** = World record
* **WL** = World lead
* **NM** = No mark
* **DNS** = Did not start
* **DQ** = Disqualified

### Qualifying round

Qualification rule: Qualifying performance 4.60 (Q) or at least 12 best performers (q) advance to the Final.

| Rank | Group | Name | Nationality | 4.15 | 4.30 | 4.45 | 4.55 | 4.60 | Result | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | A | Katerina Stefanidi | Greece |  |  |  |  | **o** | **4.60** |  |
| 2 | A | Holly Bradshaw | Great Britain |  |  | o | xo | **o** | **4.60** |  |
| | A | Lisa Ryzih | Germany |  |  |  | xo | **o** | **4.60** |  |
| | B | Jennifer Suhr | United States |  |  |  | xo | **o** | **4.60** |  |
| 5 | A | Eliza McCartney | New Zealand |  |  | xxo | xo | **o** | **4.60** |  |
| | B | Yarisley Silva | Cuba |  |  | xo | xxo | **o** | **4.60** |  |
| 7 | B | Martina Strutz | Germany |  | o | xo | o | x**o** | **4.60** |  |
| 8 | A | Kelsie Ahbe | Canada |  | o | o | **o** |  | **4.55** |  |
| | A | Alana Boyd | Australia |  |  | o | **o** |  | **4.55** |  |
| | B | Nicole Büchler | Switzerland |  |  | o | **o** |  | **4.55** |  |
| | A | Sandi Morris | United States |  |  | o | **o** |  | **4.55** |  |
| | B | Tina Šutej | Slovenia | o | o | o | **o** |  | **4.55** |  |
| 13 | B | Minna Nikkanen | Finland |  | o | xo | **o** | xxx | **4.55** |  |
| 14 | B | Angelica Bengtsson | Sweden | o | o | o | x**o** | xxx | **4.55** |  |
| | A | Maryna Kylypko | Ukraine | o | o | o | x**o** | xxx | **4.55** |  |
| 16 | B | Li Ling | China |  | o | xo | x**o** | xxx | **4.55** |  |
| 17 | A | Michaela Meijer | Sweden |  | o | **o** | xxx |  | **4.45** |  |
| | B | Alysha Newman | Canada |  | o | **o** | xxx |  | **4.45** |  |
| 19 | A | Jiřina Ptáčníková | Czech Republic |  | o | x**o** | xxx |  | **4.45** |  |
| | A | Lexi Weeks | United States |  | o | x**o** | xxx |  | **4.45** |  |
| 21 | B | Sonia Malavisi | Italy | o | o | xx**o** | xxx |  | **4.45** |  |
| | B | Annika Roloff | Germany |  | o | xx**o** | xxx |  | **4.45** |  |
| 23 | A | Angelica Moser | Switzerland | xo | xxo | xx**o** | xxx |  | **4.45** |  |
| 24 | B | Romana Maláčová | Czech Republic | o | **o** | xxx |  |  | **4.30** |  |
| | A | Wilma Murto | Finland |  | **o** | xxx |  |  | **4.30** |  |
| | B | Marta Onofre | Portugal | o | **o** | xxx |  |  | **4.30** |  |
| 27 | B | Tori Pena | Ireland | o | x**o** | xxx |  |  | **4.30** |  |
| 28 | A | Vanessa Boslak | France | o | xx**o** | xxx |  |  | **4.30** |  |
| 29 | A | Joana Costa | Brazil | **o** | xxx |  |  |  | **4.15** |  |
| | B | Annika Newell | Canada | **o** | xxx |  |  |  | **4.15** |  |
| | B | Diamara Planell | Puerto Rico | **o** | xxx |  |  |  | **4.15** |  |
| | A | Femke Pluim | Netherlands | **o** | xxx |  |  |  | **4.15** |  |
| | A | Maria Leonor Tavares | Portugal | **o** | xxx |  |  |  | **4.15** |  |
| 34 | B | Iryna Yakaltsevich | Belarus | xx**o** | xxx |  |  |  | **4.15** |  |
|  | B | Fabiana Murer | Brazil |  |  |  | xxx |  | NM |  |
|  | A | Ren Mengqian | China | xxx |  |  |  |  | NM |  |
|  | B | Nikoleta Kyriakopoulou | Greece |  |  |  |  |  | DNS |  |
|  | A | Robeilys Peinado | Venezuela |  |  |  |  |  | DNS |  |

### Final

| Rank | Name | Nationality | 4.35 | 4.50 | 4.60 | 4.70 | 4.80 | 4.85 | 4.90 | Result | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Katerina Stefanidi | Greece |  |  | o | o | xo | x**o** | xxx | **4.85** |  |
|  | Sandi Morris | United States |  | o | o | xo | xo | x**o** | xxx | **4.85** |  |
|  | Eliza McCartney | New Zealand |  | o | o | o | **o** | xxx |  | **4.80** | =NR |
| 4 | Alana Boyd | Australia |  | o | o | xxo | x**o** | xxx |  | **4.80** |  |
| 5 | Holly Bradshaw | Great Britain |  | o | xo | **o** | xxx |  |  | **4.70** | SB |
| 6 | Nicole Büchler | Switzerland |  | o | xxo | **o** | x– | xx |  | **4.70** |  |
| 7 | Jennifer Suhr | United States |  |  | x**o** | xxx |  |  |  | **4.60** |  |
| | Yarisley Silva | Cuba |  | o | x**o** | xxx |  |  |  | **4.60** |  |
| 9 | Martina Strutz | Germany | o | o | xx**o** | xxx |  |  |  | **4.60** |  |
| 10 | Lisa Ryzih | Germany |  | **o** |  | xxx |  |  |  | **4.50** |  |
| 11 | Tina Šutej | Slovenia | o | x**o** | xxx |  |  |  |  | **4.50** |  |
| 12 | Kelsie Ahbe | Canada | xxo | xx**o** | xxx |  |  |  |  | **4.50** |  |

## InfoBox

| Women's pole vault<br>at the Games of the XXXI Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Olympic Stadium |
| Date | 16–19 August 2016 |
| Competitors | 38 from 24 nations |
| Winning height | 4.85 m |
| Medalists | |
| Katerina Stefanidi  Greece  Sandi Morris  United States  Eliza McCartney  New Zealand | |
|


title: 1958 Women's Western Open

abstract: The 1958 Women's Western Open was contested from June 19–22 at Kahkwa Country Club located in Erie, Pennsylvania. It was the 29th edition of the Women's Western Open. This event was won by Patty Berg.

text:
# 1958 Women's Western Open

The **1958 Women's Western Open** was contested from June 19–22 at Kahkwa Country Club located in Erie, Pennsylvania. It was the 29th edition of the Women's Western Open.

This event was won by Patty Berg.

## Final leaderboard

| Place | Player | Score | To par | Money ($) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Patty Berg** | 75-72-71-75=293 | +1 | 950 |
| 2 | Beverly Hanson | 72-76-75-74=297 | +5 | 652 |
| 3 | Louise Suggs | 76-75-75-73=299 | +7 | 559 |
| T4 | Mary Lena Faulk | 80-77-70-74=301 | +9 | 431 |
| | Mickey Wright | 78-73-72-78=301 | | |
| 6 | Wiffi Smith | 73-77-74-79=303 | +11 | 326 |
| 7 | Marilynn Smith | 80-74-79-73=306 | +14 | 289 |
| T8 | Kathy Cornelius | 76-74-79-78=307 | +15 | 210 |
| | Jackie Pung | 73-77-78-79=309 | | |
| T10 | Marlene Bauer Hagge | 71-82-76-79=308 | +16 | 140 |
| | Jo Ann Prentice | 76-77-79-76=308 | | |
| | Joyce Ziske | 79-79-73-77=308 | | |


title: 2004 Palauan constitutional referendum

text:
# 2004 Palauan constitutional referendum

A six-part referendum was held in Palau on 2 November 2004 alongside the country's general elections. Voters were asked questions on summoning a Constitutional Convention, payment of members of the National Congress, creating a unicameral Congress, term limits for Congress members, election of the President and Vice President and dual citizenship. All proposals were approved except the unicameral Congress, which despite receiving a majority of the public vote, did not meet the quorum of 12 of 16 states required for amendments to the constitution.

## Results

### Convening of a constitutional convention

> Shall there be a Convention to revise or amend the Constitution?

| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| For | 5,085 | 57.60 |
| Against | 3,742 | 42.40 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 810 |  |
| **Total** | **9,637** | **100** |
| Registered voters/turnout | 13,191 | 73.05 |
| Source: Direct Democracy | | |

### Congressional attendance

Voters were asked whether they approved of a popular initiative to amend the constitution regarding the payment of members of the National Congress. The proposed amendment of article IX, section 8 would have read:

> The compensation of the members of the Olbiil Era Kelulau shall be uniform fee for each day the member attends an official session of the Olbiil Era Kelulau. The amount of the fee shall be determined by law. No increase in compensation shall apply to the members of the Olbiil Era Kelulau during the term of enactment, nor may an increase in compensation be enacted in the period between the date of a regular general election and the date a new Olbiil Era Kelulau takes office."

| Choice | Votes | % | States |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| For | 6'466 | 74.33 | 15 |
| Against | 2'598 | 28.67 | 15 |
| Invalid/blank votes |  | - |  |
| **Total** | **9,064** | **100** | **16** |
| Registered voters/turnout | 13,191 |  |  |
| Source: Direct Democracy | | | |

### Unicameral parliament

| Choice | Votes | % | States |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| For | 5,086 | 55.99 | 11 |
| Against | 3,997 | 44.01 | 5 |
| Invalid/blank votes |  | - |  |
| **Total** | **9,083** | **100** | **16** |
| Registered voters/turnout | 13,191 |  |  |
| Source: Direct Democracy | | | |

### Three-term limit for National Congress members

A popular initiative proposed amending the constitution to limit the number of terms a member of the National Congress could serve to three. The text would read:

> No person shall serve as a member of the Olbiil Era Kelulau for more than three terms; provided however, that any person elected as a member of the Olbiil Era Kelulau in the regular general election in which this amendment is adopted shall be entitle to serve the four-year for which he or she was elected regardless of the number of previous terms served.

| Choice | Votes | % | States |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| For | 5,601 | 60.43 | 13 |
| Against | 3,667 | 39.57 | 3 |
| Invalid/blank votes |  | - |  |
| **Total** | **9,268** | **100** | **16** |
| Registered voters/turnout | 13,191 |  |  |
| Source: Direct Democracy | | | |

### Joint election of the president and vice president

A popular initiative proposed amending the constitution to elect the president and vice president together rather than separately. It would amend Article VIII, section 4 of the constitution to read:

> The President and Vice President shall be elected in a nationwide election for a term of four (4) years. The President and Vice President shall be chosen jointly by the casting by each voter of A single vote applicable to both offices. A person may not serve as President for more than two consecutive terms.

| Choice | Votes | % | States |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| For | 5,334 | 58.42 | 14 |
| Against | 3,795 | 41.58 | 2 |
| Invalid/blank votes |  | - |  |
| **Total** | **9,129** | **100** | **16** |
| Registered voters/turnout | 13,191 |  |  |
| Source: Direct Democracy | | | |

### Dual citizenship

A popular initiative proposed amending the constitution to allow Palauan citizens to hold dual citizenship, and give citizenship at birth to people with Palauan parents. The proposed wording was:

> A person born of parent, one or both of whom are of recognized Palauan ancestry, is a citizenship shall not affect a person's Palauan citizenship, nor shall a person of recognized Palauan ancestry be required to renounce United States citizenship to become a naturalized citizen of Palau. Persons of other foreign nations may retain their Palauan citizenship or become naturalized Palauan citizens as provided by law. Palauan citizen may renounce their Palauan citizenship. Renouncements made prior to the effective date of this amendment are not affected by this amendment.

| Choice | Votes | % | States |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| For | 5,791 | 62.59 | 16 |
| Against | 3,460 | 37.41 | 0 |
| Invalid/blank votes |  | - |  |
| **Total** | **9,251** | **100** | **16** |
| Registered voters/turnout | 13,191 |  |  |
| Source: Direct Democracy | | | |


title: Atrimitra orientalis

abstract: Atrimitra orientalis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mitridae, the miters or miter snails.

text:
# Atrimitra orientalis

***Atrimitra orientalis*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mitridae, the miters or miter snails.

## Description

## Distribution

## InfoBox

| *Atrimitra orientalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Mitridae |
| Genus: | *Atrimitra* |
| Species: | ***A. orientalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Atrimitra orientalis***<br>(Gray, 1834) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Mitra orientalis* Gray, 1834 | |


title: Atrimitra effusa

abstract: Atrimitra effusa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mitridae, the miters or miter snails.

text:
# Atrimitra effusa

***Atrimitra effusa*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mitridae, the miters or miter snails.

## Description

## Distribution

## InfoBox

| *Atrimitra effusa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Mitridae |
| Genus: | *Atrimitra* |
| Species: | ***A. effusa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Atrimitra effusa***<br>(Broderip, 1836) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Mitra effusa* Broderip, 1836 | |


title: Erode–Tiruchirappalli line

abstract: Tiruchirappalli–Karur–Erode line is a railway line in Southern Railway zone of Indian Railways. It runs between Erode Junction and Tiruchirappalli Junction.

text:
# Erode–Tiruchirappalli line

**Tiruchirappalli–Karur–Erode line** is a railway line in Southern Railway zone of Indian Railways. It runs between Erode Junction and Tiruchirappalli Junction.

## History

The construction of this line began connecting South Indian Railway and Madras Railway. Erode Junction on Jolarpettai–Shoranur line was under Madras Railway whereas Tiruchirappalli Junction was under South Indian Railway.

## High-speed trial

A high-speed trial run has been conducted along this line to increase the speed of trains. This trial run at 125kmph was attempted to increase the operating speed of trains from 100kmph to 110kmph along this section.

## Gauge conversion

The metre-gauge line has been converted into broad gauge during 1929. In September 1929, the entire stretch of 141 kilometres (88 mi) has been completely converted into broad gauge in just 5 hours of time. The first broad-gauge train from Erode Junction reached Tiruchirappalli Junction, exactly 5 hours after the reach of last metre-gauge train. The route has been electrified in February 2018.

## InfoBox

| Tiruchirappalli–Karur–Erode line | |
| --- | --- |
| Karur Junction lies on the Erode–Tiruchirappalli line | |
| Overview | |
| Status | Operational |
| Owner | Indian Railways |
| Locale | Tamil Nadu |
| Termini |  |
| Stations | 26 |
| Website | www.sr.indianrailways.gov.in |
| Service | |
| Services | 1 |
| Route number | 9/9A/46 |
| Operator(s) | Southern Railway zone |
| Depot(s) | Erode (**ED**)
Golden Rock (**GOC**) |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 141 kilometres (88 mi) |
| Number of tracks | 1 |
| Track gauge | Broad Gauge \- 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) |
| Old gauge | Metre Gauge \- 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+38 in) |
| Electrification | Yes |
| Highest elevation | Erode Junction 174 metres (571 ft)
Karur Junction 120 metres (390 ft)
Tiruchirappalli Junction 85 metres (279 ft) |
| Route map | |