title: Fencing at the 2012 Summer Olympics

abstract: The fencing competitions at the 2012 Olympic Games in London were held from 28 July to 5 August at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre. Ten events were contested. The International Fencing Federation (FIE) had pushed for the inclusion of two more team events, but the International Olympic Committee voted to keep the current format of ten events. The women's individual épée semi final became a notable controversy at the 2012 Olympics when a time-keeping error by a games volunteer helped German Britta Heidemann beat South Korea's Shin A-lam. Despite there being two hundredths of a second remaining in the match, the timer could only be reset to a whole second after the mistake. The extra time was enough for the German to score a winning attack and proceed to the final.

text:
# Fencing at the 2012 Summer Olympics

The fencing competitions at the 2012 Olympic Games in London were held from 28 July to 5 August at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre. Ten events (six individual, four team) were contested. The International Fencing Federation (FIE) had pushed for the inclusion of two more team events, but the International Olympic Committee voted to keep the current format of ten events.

The women's individual épée semi final became a notable controversy at the 2012 Olympics when a time-keeping error by a games volunteer helped German Britta Heidemann beat South Korea's Shin A-lam. Despite there being two hundredths of a second remaining in the match, the timer could only be reset to a whole second after the mistake. The extra time was enough for the German to score a winning attack and proceed to the final.

## Qualification

Qualification was primarily based on the ind. official rankings as at 2 April 2012, with further individual places available at four zonal qualifying tournaments.

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Italy | 3 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
| 2 | South Korea | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
| 3 | China | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| 4 | Ukraine | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 5 | Hungary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | Venezuela | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Russia | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 8 | Germany | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 9 | Egypt | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Japan | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Norway | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Romania | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 13 | United States | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (13 entries) | | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |

Despite fencing being its top medal-producing sport, France did not win any medal for the first time since 1960.

## Events

### Men's

| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Individual épée
 | Rubén Limardo
Venezuela | Bartosz Piasecki
Norway | Jung Jin-sun
South Korea |
| Individual foil
 | Lei Sheng
China | Alaaeldin Abouelkassem
Egypt | Choi Byung-chul
South Korea |
| Team foil
 | Italy (ITA)
Valerio Aspromonte
Giorgio Avola
Andrea Baldini
Andrea Cassarà | Japan (JPN)
Suguru Awaji
Kenta Chida
Ryo Miyake
Yuki Ota | Germany (GER)
Peter Joppich
Sebastian Bachmann
Benjamin Kleibrink
André Weßels |
| Individual sabre
 | Áron Szilágyi
Hungary | Diego Occhiuzzi
Italy | Nikolay Kovalev
Russia |
| Team sabre
 | South Korea (KOR)
Gu Bon-gil
Won Woo-young
Kim Jung-hwan
Oh Eun-seok | Romania (ROU)
Rareș Dumitrescu
Tiberiu Dolniceanu
Florin Zalomir
Alexandru Sirițeanu | Italy (ITA)
Aldo Montano
Diego Occhiuzzi
Luigi Samele
Luigi Tarantino |

### Women's

| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Individual épée
 | Yana Shemyakina
Ukraine | Britta Heidemann
Germany | Sun Yujie
China |
| Team épée
 | China (CHN)
Sun Yujie
Xu Anqi
Li Na
Luo Xiaojuan | South Korea (KOR)
Shin A-lam
Choi In-jeong
Jung Hyo-jung
Choi Eun-sook | United States (USA)
Courtney Hurley
Kelley Hurley
Maya Lawrence
Susie Scanlan |
| Individual foil
 | Elisa Di Francisca
Italy | Arianna Errigo
Italy | Valentina Vezzali
Italy |
| Team foil
 | Italy (ITA)
Arianna Errigo
Elisa Di Francisca
Ilaria Salvatori
Valentina Vezzali | Russia (RUS)
Inna Deriglazova
Larisa Korobeynikova
Aida Shanaeva
Kamilla Gafurzianova | South Korea (KOR)
Nam Hyun-hee
Jeon Hee-sook
Jung Gil-ok
Oh Ha-na |
| Individual sabre
 | Kim Ji-yeon
South Korea | Sofiya Velikaya
Russia | Olha Kharlan
Ukraine |

Media related to Fencing at the 2012 Summer Olympics at Wikimedia Commons

51°30′27″N 0°01′47″E / 51.5075°N 0.0297°E / 51.5075; 0.0297

## InfoBox

| Fencing
at the Games of the XXX Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Venue | ExCeL Exhibition Centre |
| Dates | 28 July – 5 August 2012 |
| Competitors | 204 from 44 nations |
|


abstract: The First National Bank and Trust Building is a historic building on Public Square in downtown Lima, Ohio, United States. The rectangular building, completed in 1926, was designed by Weary & Alford Company, an architectural firm from Chicago. It was the location of the offices of the First National Bank and Trust Company from 1926 until 1974, when the company became a part of Huntington Bank. The structure's twelve stories are faced with Indiana Limestone. Each column of windows is topped with an arch window on the highest floor, and the spandrels between the arch windows are connected to each other. Founded as the "Lima Trust Company" in 1903, the First National Bank and Trust used a Masonic building in its earliest years. Starting in 1906, it operated in a smaller building, which served as its offices until it moved into its newly erected structure in 1926. During the early twentieth century, the influence of railroads and the oil industry caused Lima to be a very prosperous city. Many large buildings, including two skyscrapers, were built in the city's downtown; the majority of these new structures employed the Chicago Style of architecture. With the decline of the city's economy later in the century, the construction of large buildings in central Lima ceased — virtually all new construction took place in the city's outskirts or suburbs — thus making the First National Bank and Trust one of the newest major buildings in downtown Lima. In recognition of its historic significance, the First National Bank and Trust was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It was one of seventeen Lima buildings that was added to the National Register as part of the "Lima Multiple Resource Area," a Multiple Property Submission that concentrated on architecturally significant buildings in or near downtown Lima. Aside from its importance as a historic site, the First National Bank and Trust Building plays a leading part in local ornithology: the building is a nesting site for peregrine falcons and is part of the Midwest Peregrine Falcon Restoration Project.

text:
# First National Bank and Trust Building (Lima, Ohio)

The **First National Bank and Trust Building** is a historic building on Public Square in downtown Lima, Ohio, United States. The rectangular building, completed in 1926, was designed by Weary & Alford Company, an architectural firm from Chicago. It was the location of the offices of the First National Bank and Trust Company from 1926 until 1974, when the company became a part of Huntington Bank. The structure's twelve stories are faced with Indiana Limestone. Each column of windows is topped with an arch window on the highest floor, and the spandrels between the arch windows are connected to each other.

Founded as the "Lima Trust Company" in 1903, the First National Bank and Trust used a Masonic building in its earliest years. Starting in 1906, it operated in a smaller building (now destroyed), which served as its offices until it moved into its newly erected structure in 1926. During the early twentieth century, the influence of railroads and the oil industry caused Lima to be a very prosperous city. Many large buildings, including two skyscrapers, were built in the city's downtown; the majority of these new structures employed the Chicago Style of architecture. With the decline of the city's economy later in the century, the construction of large buildings in central Lima ceased — virtually all new construction took place in the city's outskirts or suburbs — thus making the First National Bank and Trust one of the newest major buildings in downtown Lima. In recognition of its historic significance, the First National Bank and Trust was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It was one of seventeen Lima buildings that was added to the National Register as part of the "Lima Multiple Resource Area," a Multiple Property Submission that concentrated on architecturally significant buildings in or near downtown Lima.

Aside from its importance as a historic site, the First National Bank and Trust Building plays a leading part in local ornithology: the building is a nesting site for peregrine falcons and is part of the Midwest Peregrine Falcon Restoration Project.

Media related to First National Bank and Trust Building (Lima, Ohio) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| First National Bank and Trust Building | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Southern and eastern sides of the building | |
|  | |
| Location | 43-53 Public Sq., Lima, Ohio |
| Coordinates | 40°44′24″N 84°6′20″W / 40.74000°N 84.10556°W / 40.74000; -84.10556 |
| Area | Less than 1 acre (0.40 ha) |
| Built | 1926 |
| Architect | Weary & Alford Company; W. H. Horster |
| Architectural style | Chicago |
| MPS | Lima MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 82001351 |
| Added to NRHP | October 7, 1982 |


title: 2012–13 PGE Skra Bełchatów season

abstract:
PGE Skra Bełchatów 2012–2013 season is the 2012/2013 volleyball season for Polish professional volleyball club PGE Skra Bełchatów. The club won bronze medal of FIVB Volleyball Club World Championship, was 5th team of PlusLiga, lost in quarterfinals of Polish Cup and lost in playoff 12 of CEV Champions League. The club competed in:
  - Polish Championship
  - Polish Cup
  - CEV Champions League
  - FIVB Club World Championship
  - ENEA Polish SuperCup

text:
# 2012–13 PGE Skra Bełchatów season

**PGE Skra Bełchatów 2012–2013 season** is the 2012/2013 volleyball season for Polish professional volleyball club **PGE Skra Bełchatów**. The club won bronze medal of FIVB Volleyball Club World Championship, was 5th team of PlusLiga, lost in quarterfinals of Polish Cup and lost in playoff 12 of CEV Champions League.

The club competed in:

## Team roster

| **Head coach:** | Jacek Nawrocki |
| --- | --- |
| **Assistant:** | Maciej Bartodziejski |

| No. | Name | Date of birth | Position |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 | Mariusz Wlazły (C) | August 4, 1983 | opposite |
| 3 | Łukasz Zugaj | January 27, 1993 | setter |
| 4 | Daniel Pliński | December 10, 1978 | middle blocker |
| 5 | Wytze Kooistra | June 3, 1982 | middle blocker |
| 6 | Karol Kłos | August 8, 1989 | middle blocker |
| 7 | Kacper Turboś | June 12, 1993 | libero |
| 8 | Konstantin Čupković | February 2, 1987 | outside hitter |
| 9 | Maciej Muzaj | May 21, 1994 | opposite |
| 10 | Dante Boninfante | March 7, 1977 | setter |
| 12 | Paweł Woicki | June 19, 1983 | setter |
| 13 | Michał Winiarski | September 28, 1983 | outside hitter |
| 14 | Aleksandar Atanasijević | September 4, 1991 | opposite |
| 16 | Paweł Zatorski | June 21, 1990 | libero |
| 17 | Jędrzej Maćkowiak | October 17, 1992 | middle blocker |
| 18 | Michał Bąkiewicz | February 22, 1983 | outside hitter |
|

## Squad changes for the 2012–2013 season

**In:**

| No. | Player | Position | From |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 3 | Łukasz Zugaj | setter | Czarni Radom |
| 9 | Maciej Muzaj | opposite | SMS PZPS Spała |
| 9 | Dejan Vinčić | setter | ACH Volley |
| 10 | Dante Boninfante | setter | Al-Arabi Doha |
| 17 | Yosleyder Cala | outside hitter | Tours VB |
|

**Out:**

| No. | Player | Position | To |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7 | Bartosz Kurek | outside hitter | VC Dynamo Moscow |
| 8 | Robert Milczarek | libero | Effector Kielce |
| 10 | Miguel Angel Falasca | setter | Ural Ufa |
| 17 | Marcin Możdżonek | middle blocker | ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle |
| 9 | Dejan Vinčić | setter | Maliye Milli Piyango Ankara |
| 17 | Yosleyder Cala | outside hitter | Ziraat Bankası Ankara |
|

## Most Valuable Players

| No. | Opponent | Date | Player |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Lotos Trefl Gdańsk | 07.10.2012 | Michał Winiarski |
| 2. | Transfer Bydgoszcz | 10.11.2012 | Aleksandar Atanasijević |
| 3. | Indykpol AZS Olsztyn | 15.11.2012 | Aleksandar Atanasijević |
| 4. | AZS Częstochowa | 17.11.2012 | Paweł Woicki |
| 5. | Effector Kielce | 25.11.2012 | Daniel Pliński |
| 6. | Lotos Trefl Gdańsk | 01.12.2012 | Michał Winiarski |
| 7. | Asseco Resovia Rzeszów | 08.12.2012 | Konstantin Čupković |
| 8. | Indykpol AZS Olsztyn | 14.12.2012 | Maciej Muzaj |
| 9. | Effector Kielce | 02.02.2013 | Wytze Kooistra |
| 10. | AZS Politechnika Warszawska | 09.02.2013 | Mariusz Wlazły |
| 11. | Asseco Resovia Rzeszów | 24.02.2013 | Aleksandar Atanasijević |
| 12. | Asseco Resovia Rzeszów | 25.02.2013 | Aleksandar Atanasijević |
| 13. | Lotos Trefl Gdańsk | 10.03.2013 | Wytze Kooistra |
| 14. | Lotos Trefl Gdańsk | 17.03.2013 | Aleksandar Atanasijević |
| 15. | AZS Politechnika Warszawska | 22.03.2013 | Daniel Pliński |
| 16. | AZS Politechnika Warszawska | 23.03.2013 | Mariusz Wlazły |
| 17. | AZS Politechnika Warszawska | 08.04.2013 | Michał Winiarski |
|

### General classification

| No. | Player | MVP |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Aleksandar Atanasijević | 5 |
| 2. | Michał Winiarski | 3 |
| 3. | Wytze Kooistra | 2 |
|  | Daniel Pliński | 2 |
|  | Mariusz Wlazły | 2 |
| 6. | Paweł Woicki | 1 |
|  | Konstantin Čupković | 1 |
|  | Maciej Muzaj | 1 |
|

## InfoBox

PGE Skra Bełchatów
| 2012–13 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Chairman | Konrad Piechocki |
| Manager | Jacek Nawrocki |
| FIVB Club World Championship |  |
| ENEA Polish SuperCup |  |
|  | |


title: 1994 Belarusian presidential election

text:
# 1994 Belarusian presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Belarus on 23 June 1994, with a second round on 10 July. They were the first national elections held in Belarus since the country seceded from the Soviet Union three years earlier. The result was an overwhelming victory for Alexander Lukashenko, who received 81% of the vote in the second round. Voter turnout was 79% in the first round and 71% in the second.

## Background

On 15 March 1994 the Supreme Council adopted the Constitution of Belarus, which made Belarus a democracy with a presidential system. Until the ratification of the constitution, Chairman of the Supreme Council Myechyslaw Hryb had effectively ruled as both the head of state and head of government. On 6 April the Central Commission of the Republic of Belarus for Elections and Referendums established a timeline for the first presidential election, which outlined the role of local initiative groups in nominating candidates.

## Candidates

Six candidates who were recognized by the government to have received the most signatures from Belarusian citizens and to have received substantial support from initiative group members became eligible to contest the first round.

| Candidate | Party | Position | Pledges | Signatures |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Vyacheslav Kebich | Independent | Prime Minister of Belarus | 3,920 | 371,967 |
| Zianon Pazniak | Belarusian Popular Front | Head of the Belarusian Popular Front | 2,734 | 216,855 |
| Vasily Novikov | Party of Belarusian Communists | Secretary of the Central Committee of the Party of Belarusian Communists | 3,041 | 183,836 |
| Alexander Lukashenko | Independent | Chairman of the Anti-Corruption Commission of the Supreme Council |  | 156,391 |
| Stanislav Shushkevich | Independent | Former Chairman of the Supreme Council | 1,420 | 123,552 |
| Alaksandar Dubko | Belarusian Agrarian Party | Chairman of the Union of Agrarians | 2,901 | 116,693 |

## Campaign

Prime Minister Vyacheslav Kebich's campaign was bolstered by the apparat of the Supreme Council, but his initial popular support dwindled following excessive coverage of his candidacy in government-sponsored media. This controversy, in addition to widespread dissatisfaction with his economic reforms, contributed to his defeat in the second round of voting.

Zianon Pazniak, the head of the Belarusian Popular Front, was the strongest proponent of a free-market economy out of all of the candidates. His support for a revitalized Belarusian identity that centered around the primary of the Belarusian culture and language led some opponents to criticize him for being too nationalistic.

Vasily Novikov, the Secretary of the Central Committee of the Party of Belarusian Communists, advocated for a return to collectivization and an end to the process of privatization that had begun following Belarusian independence from the Soviet Union.

Alexander Lukashenko released his campaign platform entitled "To Lead the People Away from the Abyss" on 14 June in the *Narodnaya Gazeta*, the state newspaper that was run by the Supreme Council. His populist agenda outlined price stabilization, independence of the National Bank, and government austerity programs. He also described a system of guaranteed welfare for vulnerable citizens that would be supported by progressive taxation. Regarding his foreign policy positions, Lukashenko expressed his desire to improve the international standing of Belarus, as well as to restore ties with Russia and Ukraine.

Stanislav Shushkevich, the former Chairman of the Supreme Council, centered his campaign around his role in achieving Belarusian independence from the Soviet Union and subsequent reforms despite substantial communist opposition in the Supreme Council. He also expressed his support for a reduction in the state's role in moderating the economy. Prior to his tenure as Chairman, Shushkevich had also been a vocal critic of the Soviet Union's response to the Chernobyl disaster and its effects on Belarus.

Alaksandar Dubko, the Chairman of the Union of Agrarians, was vocal in his support for collectivization in order to appeal to both agrarians and the peasantry.

## Conduct

During the election, Lukashenko claimed that he had been the target of a failed assassination attempt. This claim was disputed by the Belarusian KGB despite police reports detailing an attempted car ramming of Lukashenko's vehicle followed by gunshots.

After the first round, both Interfax and Agence France-Presse reported that a grenade had been thrown at the Belarusian secretary for national security.

## Results

| Candidate | | Party | First round | | Second round | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | | % | Votes | % |
|  | Alexander Lukashenko | Independent | 2,646,140 | 45.76 | 4,241,026 | 80.61 |
|  | Vyacheslav Kebich | Independent | 1,023,174 | 17.69 | 748,329 | 14.22 |
|  | Zianon Pazniak | Belarusian Popular Front | 757,195 | 13.09 |  | |
|  | Stanislav Shushkevich | Independent | 585,143 | 10.12 |  | |
|  | Alaksandar Dubko | Belarusian Agrarian Party | 353,119 | 6.11 |  | |
|  | Vasily Novikov | Party of Belarusian Communists | 253,009 | 4.38 |  | |
| Against all | | | 165,023 | 2.85 | 271,783 | 5.17 |
| Total | | | 5,782,803 | 100.00 | 5,261,138 | 100.00 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | | 5,782,803 | 97.94 | 5,261,138 | 99.67 |
| Invalid/blank votes | | | 121,509 | 2.06 | 17,193 | 0.33 |
| Total votes | | | 5,904,312 | 100.00 | 5,278,331 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | | | 7,476,586 | 78.97 | 7,476,205 | 70.60 |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | | | | | | |

### Maps

## Aftermath

Lukashenko's victory was a surprise to many, as Prime Minister Vyacheslav Kebich had widely been expected to win by international observers despite extremely close polling results between the two candidates. Regardless, the outcome of the election was recognized as legitimate by the international community. Furthermore, the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe expressed its view that Lukashenko's tenure as President would be a step towards a "more pluralistic democracy and free market system" in Belarus.

On 20 July Lukashenko was inaugurated as President of Belarus. In 1995 referendum resulted in Lukashenko gaining the power to dissolve the legislature. In 1996 another referendum dramatically increased his powers, and also extended his original five-year term to 2001. As a result, the 1994 presidential election is considered the only free election held in Belarus since it broke away from the Soviet Union.

1. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) *Elections in Europe: A data handbook*, p252 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
2. Nohlen & Stöver, p262
3. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (July 1994). Report on the Belarusian Presidential Election (PDF) (Report).
4. "Populist in Belarus Sweeps To a Presidential Victory". *The New York Times*. Reuters. 1994-07-11.
5. "Двадцать лет назад Лукашенко впервые принес присягу на верность белорусскому народу". 2014-07-22. Archived from the original on 2014-07-22. Retrieved 2024-09-14.
6. Genzlinger, Neil (May 4, 2022). "Stanislav Shushkevich, First Leader of Post-Soviet Belarus, Dies at 87". *The New York Times*.
7. "Presidential candidate shot on in Belarus - UPI Archives". *UPI*. Retrieved 2024-09-14.
8. Why Does The “Last Dictatorship In Europe” Hold Elections? Belarus Digest, 26 March 2012
9. Profile: Europe's last dictator? BBC News, 10 September 2001

## InfoBox

1994 Belarusian presidential election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Alexander Lukashenko** Vyacheslav Kebich   Party Independent Independent  Popular vote **4,241,026** 748,329  Percentage **80.61%** 14.22% | |
| ---  First round results | |
| ---  **Elected President**
Alexander Lukashenko
Independent | |


title: Eugnosta fenestrana

abstract: Eugnosta fenestrana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China, Mongolia and Russia.

text:
# Eugnosta fenestrana

***Eugnosta fenestrana*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Beijing, Jilin, Qinghai), Mongolia and Russia.

## InfoBox

| *Eugnosta fenestrana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Eugnosta* |
| Species: | ***E. fenestrana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eugnosta fenestrana***<br>Razowski, 1964 | |
|


abstract: The Auburn–Harpswell Association Historic District encompasses a well-preserved enclave of summer residences built in the early 20th century in southern Harpswell, Maine. The district includes ten Shingle style houses, a Colonial Revival dining hall, and a Greek Revival meeting hall. The Auburn Colony, an exclusive company of businessmen from Auburn, Maine, was responsible for their development. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

text:
# Auburn–Harpswell Association Historic District

The **Auburn–Harpswell Association Historic District** encompasses a well-preserved enclave of summer residences built in the early 20th century in southern Harpswell, Maine. The district includes ten Shingle style houses, a Colonial Revival dining hall, and a Greek Revival meeting hall. The Auburn Colony, an exclusive company of businessmen from Auburn, Maine, was responsible for their development. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

## Description and history

The town of Harpswell consists of several fingers of land, some of which are islands joined to the mainland by bridges, on the east side of Casco Bay on the southern coast of Maine. The principal western finger extends from Brunswick in the north to Potts Point at its very southern tip. Several miles north of Potts Point, in South Harpswell, the peninsula narrows sharply. On the west side of Harpswell Neck Road (Maine State Route 123) near this point is where the Auburn Colony is located. The main access road to the colony is located just south of a tennis court on the colony property. Lining a small network of roads in a roughly east–west orientation are the ten houses of the colony, with the two common buildings just to their north.

The Auburn Colony was founded in 1877 by a group of businessmen from Auburn, "for the purpose of securing the material advantage of society, health, and recreation." Twenty small Gothic Victorian cottages were built on the property they acquired, which were tragically destroyed by fire in 1899, although the two community buildings survived. The colony was rebuilt, with a reduced membership, resulting in construction ten 2+12-story Shingle style houses. Only three have known architects, all credited to the Lewiston firm of Coombs & Gibbs. In addition to the already-mentioned facilities, the association has a salt-water swimming pool and a small beach.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Auburn–Harpswell Association Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | ME 123, South Harpswell, Maine |
| Coordinates | 43°44′44″N 70°0′41.5″W / 43.74556°N 70.011528°W / 43.74556; -70.011528 |
| Area | 12 acres (4.9 ha) |
| Built | 1901 (1901) |
| Built by | Merriman, Leon Blake |
| Architectural style | Colonial Revival, Shingle Style, Gothic Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 85000615 |
| Added to NRHP | March 21, 1985 |


title: Ben Campbell Johnson

abstract: Ben Campbell Johnson was an American ordained minister in the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) and a professor emeritus of evangelism and spiritual direction at Columbia Theological Seminary. He is known for his work in church renewal movements and on interfaith relations between a variety of faith traditions.

text:
# Ben Campbell Johnson

**Ben Campbell Johnson** (March 28, 1932, in Elba, Alabama – June 2, 2016, in Atlanta, Georgia) was an American ordained minister in the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) and a professor emeritus of evangelism and spiritual direction at Columbia Theological Seminary. He is known for his work in church renewal movements and on interfaith relations between a variety of faith traditions.

## Career

Johnson received a B.A. from Asbury College (1953), a B.D. from Asbury Seminary (1955), a Th.M. from Southern Baptist Theological Seminary (1957), a Ph.D. from San Francisco Theological Seminary (1978), and a Ph.D. from Emory University (1980). He was ordained as a minister of word and sacrament in the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). He was a pastor of United Methodist Church in Kentucky and Alabama (1952–1963), served as an interim supply at Salem Presbyterian Church, Lithonia, Georgia (1979–1980) and as the interim preacher at North Avenue Presbyterian Church, Atlanta, Georgia (1988–1990). During his time as a leader in the church he founded and served as the Executive Director of the Institute for Church Renewal in Atlanta, Georgia (1963–1980). Beginning in 1981 he served as the professor of evangelism and church growth at Columbia Theological Seminary, where he then became the professor of spirituality in 1995. In 2000, Johnson retired from Columbia Theological Seminary and became a professor emeritus.

## Thought

Johnson devoted much of his work to church growth and spiritual formation. Through the Institute of Church Renewal he developed a number of programs and resources for congregations aimed to promote growth and vitality. He furthered this work through founding the Columbia Theological Seminary Press, enabling the publishing of many book and articles intended to educate all church leaders. Seeing church growth as more than simply evangelism, he created and began the Doctor of Ministry in Christian Spirituality at Columbia Theological Seminary, which focuses on "congregational leadership while exploring God's relationship to persons, the community of faith, and the world, including the ethical and social dimensions of spirituality." He also began the Certificate in Spiritual Formation extending the education of spiritual development to all people so to encourage church growth in a variety of ways. This program allows "people in the pulpit, in the pew, in all denominations and stages of life to explore the community-grounded Christian spirituality that is rooted in scripture, theology, a history of the tradition, reading in the spiritual classics, prayer and meditation, and in skills for assisting others on a spiritual journey." Both of these are still important programs that attract and teach church leaders from around the United States.

Johnson's most recent work was focused on creating interfaith relationships between different faith traditions. He fostered relations through Interfaith Community Initiatives, where he served as an advisory board member and program director of the immersion experience. He concentrated particularly on Christian and Muslim relations, publishing *Beyond 9/11: Christians and Muslims Together: An Invitation to Conversation* (2009).

## Publications

* *An Evangelism Primer*. John Knox Press, 1983.
* *Rethinking Evangelism*. Westminster Press, 1987.
* *To Will God's Will*. Westminster Press, 1987.
* *To Pray God's Will*. Westminster Press, 1987.
* *Pastoral Spirituality*. Westminster Press, 1988.
* *Discerning God's Will*. Westminster/John Knox Press, 1990.
* *Speaking of God*. Westminster/John Knox Press. 1991.
* *Living the Christian Life*. Westminster/John Knox Press, 1992.
* *95 Theses for the Church*. Columbia Theological Seminary Press, 1995.
* *New Day, New Church*. Columbia Theological Seminary Press, 1995.
* *Calming the Restless Spirit*. Upper Room, 1997.
* *Listening for God*. Paulist Press, 1997.
* *Imagining a Church in the Spirit: A Task for Mainline Congregations*. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1999.
* *Living Before God: Deepening our Sense of Divine Presence*. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Publishing Co., 1999.
* *The Jesus Story: The Most Remarkable Life of All Time*. Geneva Press, 2000.
* *A Seeker's Guide to Christian Faith: Leader's Guide*. Upper Room, 2001.
* *Beyond the Ordinary: Spirituality for Church Leaders*. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2001.
* *Hearing God's Call: Ways of Discernment for Laity and Clergy*. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2002. (Academy of Parish Clergy, Top Ten Books of the Year, 2003).
* *The God Who Speaks: Learning the Language of God*. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2004.
* *Godspeech*. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2006.
* *Time Away: A Guide for Personal Retreat*. Upper Room, 2010.
* *Matthew and Mark: A Relational Paraphrase*. 2014.


title: 2008–09 VfB Stuttgart season

abstract: During the 2008–09 VfB Stuttgart season, the club was a genuine contender for the Bundesliga title, losing out only to VfL Wolfsburg and Bayern Munich and finishing in third position. Striker Mario Gómez scored 24 goals in the Bundesliga campaign, only to then make a shock switch to rivals Bayern for the highest-received transfer fee in the club's history.

text:
# 2008–09 VfB Stuttgart season

During the **2008–09 VfB Stuttgart season**, the club was a genuine contender for the Bundesliga title, losing out only to VfL Wolfsburg and Bayern Munich and finishing in third position. Striker Mario Gómez scored 24 goals in the Bundesliga campaign, only to then make a shock switch to rivals Bayern for the highest-received transfer fee in the club's history.

## Players

### First-team squad

*Squad at end of season*

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  1 GK  GER Jens Lehmann  3 DF  MEX Ricardo Osorio  4 DF  NED Khalid Boulahrouz  5 DF  GER Serdar Tasci  6 DF  GER Georg Niedermeier *(on loan from Bayern Munich II)*  7 MF  GER Martin Lanig  8 MF  CZE Jan Šimák  9 FW  ROU Ciprian Marica  10 MF  TUR Yıldıray Baştürk  11 MF  GER Thomas Hitzlsperger  12 GK  GER Alexander Stolz  13 MF  GER Timo Gebhart  15 DF  CIV Arthur Boka  16 MF  GER Sebastian Rudy  17 DF  FRA Matthieu Delpierre  18 FW  GER Cacau  19 DF  GER Roberto Hilbert | No. Pos. Nation Player  21 DF  SUI Ludovic Magnin  22 FW  GER Sven Schipplock  24 GK  GER Sven Ulreich  25 MF  BRA Élson  26 DF  GER Tobias Feisthammel  28 MF  GER Sami Khedira  29 MF  CMR Georges Mandjeck  33 FW  GER Mario Gómez  35 DF  GER Christian Träsch  36 DF  GER Robin Schuster  37 GK  GER Timo Hammel  38 FW  SRB Danijel Ljuboja  39 FW  GER Julian Schieber  40 MF  GER Marijan Kovačević  42 DF  GER Marco Pischorn  45 DF  GER Sebastian Enderle |
| --- | --- |

### Left club during season

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  13 MF  MEX Pável Pardo *(to América)*  23 FW  GER Manuel Fischer *(on loan to TuS Koblenz)* | No. Pos. Nation Player  31 FW  POL Matthias Morys *(to Kickers Offenbach)* |
| --- | --- |

### VfB Stuttgart II

VfB Stuttgart II were coached by Rainer Adrion and finished 11th in the 3. Liga.

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  1 GK  GER Timo Hammel  2 DF  GER Tobias Feisthammel  3 DF  GER Joachim Schwabe  4 DF  GER David Pisot  5 MF  GER Marijan Kovačević  6 MF  GER Christian Träsch  7 FW  GER Nico Klotz  8 MF  GER Martin Dausch  9 MF  GER Sebastian Hofmann  10 MF  GER José-Alex Ikeng *(to January)*  10 MF  GER Markus Pazurek *(from January)*  13 FW  GER Johannes Rahn  15 MF  GER Daniel Didavi  16 MF  GER Sebastian Rudy  11 MF  GER Michael Klauß | No. Pos. Nation Player  14 MF  GER Patrick Funk  17 MF  GER Jeremy Karikari  18 DF  GER Robin Schuster  19 FW  GER Julian Schieber  20 MF  GER Andreas Hindelang  21 DF  GER Dubravko Kolinger  22 FW  GER Sven Schipplock  23 DF  GER Sebastian Enderle  24 GK  GER Sven Ulreich  25 DF  MKD Shaban Ismaili  26 DF  GER Sven Schimmel  27 MF  AUT Clemens Walch  30 FW  GER Manuel Fischer *(to January)*  31 GK  GER Marcel Schmid  42 DF  GER Marco Pischorn |
| --- | --- |

## Bundesliga

### Classification

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | VfL Wolfsburg (C) | 34 | 21 | 6 | 7 | 80 | 41 | +39 | 69 | Qualification to Champions League group stage |
| 2 | Bayern Munich | 34 | 20 | 7 | 7 | 71 | 42 | +29 | | 67 |
| 3 | VfB Stuttgart | 34 | 19 | 7 | 8 | 63 | 43 | +20 | 64 | Qualification to Champions League play-off round |
| 4 | Hertha BSC | 34 | 19 | 6 | 9 | 48 | 41 | +7 | 63 | Qualification to Europa League play-off round |
| 5 | Hamburger SV | 34 | 19 | 4 | 11 | 49 | 47 | +2 | 61 | Qualification to Europa League third qualifying round |

Source: kicker (in German)
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
(C) Champions

### Results

| 17 August 2008 1 | **Borussia Mönchengladbach** | **1–3** | **VfB Stuttgart** | Mönchengladbach |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 | Rob Friend  60' |  | Hitzlsperger  15'
Marica  26'
Gómez  44' | Stadium: Borussia-Park
Attendance: 47,028
Referee: Herbert Fandel |

| 23 August 2008 2 | **VfB Stuttgart** | **0–2** | **Bayer Leverkusen** | Stuttgart |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:30 |  |  | Helmes  35',
Gekas  79' | Stadium: Mercedes-Benz Arena
Attendance: 48,000
Referee: Jochen Drees |

| 31 August 2008 3 | **VfB Stuttgart** | **2–0** | **Hannover 96** | Stuttgart |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 | Gómez  18'
Pardo  40' (pen) |  |  | Stadium: Mercedes-Benz Arena
Attendance: 41,000
Referee: Lutz Wagner |

| 13 September 2008 4 | **1899 Hoffenheim** | **0–0** | **VfB Stuttgart** | Sinsheim |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:30 |  |  |  | Stadium: Carl-Benz-Stadion
Attendance: 26,400
Referee: Peter Sippel |

| 21 September 2008 5 | **VfB Stuttgart** | **3–1** | **Karlsruher SC** | Stuttgart |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 | Khedira  22'
Gómez  68'
Ciprian Marica  87' |  | Sebastian Freis  8' | Stadium: Mercedes-Benz Arena
Attendance: 55,000
Referee: Peter Gagelmann |

| 27 September 2008 6 | **Borussia Dortmund** | **3–0** | **VfB Stuttgart** | Dortmund |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:30 | Hajnal  10'
Santana  20'
Frei  73' |  |  | Stadium: Westfalenstadion
Attendance: 71,200
Referee: Felix Brych |

| 4 October 2008 7 | **VfB Stuttgart** | **4–1** | **Werder Bremen** | Stuttgart |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:30 | Khedira  18'
Träsch  29'
Hilbert  63'
Lanig  88' |  | Diego  65' | Stadium: Mercedes-Benz Arena
Attendance: 55,800
Referee: Herbert Fandel |

| 18 October 2008 8 | **Hertha BSC** | **2–1** | **VfB Stuttgart** | Berlin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:30 | Nicu  26'
Kacar  87' |  | Cacau  31' | Stadium: Olympiastadion
Attendance: 42,336
Referee: Peter Sippel |

| 26 October 2008 9 | **VfB Stuttgart** | **3–0** | **VfL Bochum** | Stuttgart |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 | Mario Gómez  80',  83' |  |  | Stadium: Mercedes-Benz Arena
Attendance: 43,000
Referee: Manuel Gräfe |

| 29 October 2008 10 | **Hamburger SV** | **2–0** | **VfB Stuttgart** | Hamburg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 | Trochowski  17' (pen)
Mathijsen  74' |  |  | Stadium: HSH Nordbank Arena
Attendance: 50,037
Referee: Günter Perl |

| 1 November 2008 11 | **VfB Stuttgart** | **1–3** | **Köln** | Stuttgart |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Hilbert  69' |  | Novakovic  3',  61'
Petit  90+4' | Stadium: Mercedes-Benz Arena
Attendance: 55,000
Referee: Thorsten Kinhöfer |

| 9 November 2008 12 | **Eintracht Frankfurt** | **2–2** | **VfB Stuttgart** | Frankfurt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 | Lyberopoulos  18',  66' |  | Lanig  71'
Gómez  87' | Stadium: Commerzbank-Arena
Attendance: 51,000
Referee: Babak Rafati |

| 15 November 2008 13 | **VfB Stuttgart** | **0–0** | **Arminia Bielefeld** | Stuttgart |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 |  |  |  | Stadium: Mercedes-Benz Arena
Attendance: 52,000
Referee: Florian Meyer |

| 22 November 2008 14 | **VfL Wolfsburg** | **4–1** | **VfB Stuttgart** | Wolfsburg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Grafite  51',  76'
Džeko  79',  85' |  | Lanig  17' | Stadium: Volkswagen Arena
Attendance: 26,897
Referee: Helmut Fleischer |

| 30 November 2008 15 | **VfB Stuttgart** | **2–0** | **Schalke 04** | Stuttgart |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 | Jan Simak  79'
Mario Gómez  83' |  |  | Stadium: Mercedes-Benz Arena
Attendance: 55,800
Referee: Wolfgang Stark |

| 6 December 2008 16 | **Energie Cottbus** | **0–3** | **VfB Stuttgart** | Cottbus |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 |  |  | Hilbert  4'
Simak  63'
Khedira  68' | Stadium: Stadion der Freundschaft
Attendance: 13,527
Referee: Jochen Drees |

| 13 December 2008 17 | **VfB Stuttgart** | **2–2** | **Bayern Munich** | Stuttgart |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Khedira  45+1',  90+1' |  | Borowski  48'
Toni  66' | Stadium: Mercedes-Benz Arena
Attendance: 55,896
Referee: Thorsten Kinhöfer |

| 31 January 2009 18 | **VfB Stuttgart** | **2–0** | **Borussia Mönchengladbach** | Stuttgart |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Marica  67'
Gómez  86' |  |  | Stadium: Mercedes-Benz Arena
Attendance: 41,300
Referee: Wolfgang Stark |

| 7 February 2009 19 | **Bayer Leverkusen** | **2–4** | **VfB Stuttgart** | Leverkusen |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Kießling  67'
Charisteas  90+3' |  | Gómez  3',  75'
Hitzlsperger  51'
Sinkiewicz 90' | Stadium: ESPRIT arena
Attendance: 33,000
Referee: Günter Perl |

| 14 February 2009 20 | **Hannover 96** | **3–3** | **VfB Stuttgart** | Hanover |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Stajner  43'
Krzynowek  45+2'
Forssell  85' |  | Gómez  7'
Lanig  22'
Hitzlsperger 87' | Stadium: Heinz-von-Heiden-Arena
Attendance: 31,127
Referee: Manuel Gräfe |

| 21 February 2009 21 | **VfB Stuttgart** | **3–3** | **1899 Hoffenheim** | Stuttgart |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Cacau  26'
Gómez  31',  63' |  | Demba Ba  24',  45',  67' | Stadium: Mercedes-Benz Arena
Attendance: 54,000
Referee: Michael Kempter |

| 1 March 2009 22 | **Karlsruher SC** | **0–2** | **VfB Stuttgart** | Karlsruhe |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:15 |  |  | Élson  50'
Khedira  88' | Stadium: Wildparkstadion
Attendance: 29,252
Referee: Felix Brych |

| 7 March 2009 23 | **VfB Stuttgart** | **2–1** | **Borussia Dortmund** | Stuttgart |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Élson  10'
Gómez  62' |  | Valdez  52' | Stadium: Mercedes-Benz Arena
Attendance: 55,896
Referee: Florian Meyer |

| 15 March 2009 24 | **Werder Bremen** | **4–0** | **VfB Stuttgart** | Bremen |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 | Diego (footballer, born 1985)  34'
Pizarro  53'
Rosenberg  59',  74' |  |  | Stadium: Wohninvest-Weserstadion
Attendance: 39,272
Referee: Günter Perl |

| 21 March 2009 25 | **VfB Stuttgart** | **2–0** | **Hertha BSC** | Stuttgart |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Cacau  47'
Khedira  51' |  |  | Stadium: Mercedes-Benz Arena
Attendance: 51,000
Referee: Thorsten Kinhöfer |

| 4 April 2009 26 | **VfL Bochum** | **1–2** | **VfB Stuttgart** | Bochum |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Epalle  48' |  | Cacau  58'
Tasci  90' | Stadium: Ruhrstadion
Attendance: 24,718
Referee: Helmut Fleischer |

| 12 April 2009 27 | **VfB Stuttgart** | **1–0** | **Hamburger SV** | Stuttgart |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 | Gómez  90+2' |  |  | Stadium: Mercedes-Benz Arena
Attendance: 55,700
Referee: Wolfgang Stark |

| 18 April 2009 28 | **1. FC Köln** | **0–3** | **VfB Stuttgart** | Cologne |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 |  |  | Gómez  16',  55',  71' | Stadium: RheinEnergieStadion
Attendance: 50,997
Referee: Peter Gagelmann |

| 25 April 2009 29 | **VfB Stuttgart** | **2–0** | **Eintracht Frankfurt** | Stuttgart |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Cacau  33'
Gómez  48' |  |  | Stadium: Mercedes-Benz Arena
Attendance: 55,000
Referee: Guido Winkmann |

| 2 May 2009 30 | **Arminia Bielefeld** | **2–2** | **VfB Stuttgart** | Bielefeld |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Katongo  30'
Munteanu  68' |  | Matthieu Delpierre  4'
Thomas Hitzlsperger  35' | Stadium: Bielefelder Alm
Attendance: 25,800
Referee: Felix Brych |

| 9 May 2009 31 | **VfB Stuttgart** | **4–1** | **VfL Wolfsburg** | Stuttgart |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Gómez  1',  20',  63',  76' |  | Džeko  36' | Stadium: Mercedes-Benz Arena
Attendance: 55,896
Referee: Thorsten Kinhöfer |

| 13 May 2009 32 | **Schalke 04** | **1–2** | **VfB Stuttgart** | Gelsenkirchen |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 | Ivan Rakitic  39' |  | Cacau  15'
Marica  56' | Stadium: Veltins-Arena
Attendance: 61,673
Referee: Michael Kempter |

| 16 May 2009 33 | **VfB Stuttgart** | **2–0** | **Energie Cottbus** | Stuttgart |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Hitzlsperger  19'
Cacau  78' |  |  | Stadium: Mercedes-Benz Arena
Attendance: 55,000
Referee: Denis Aytekin |

| 23 May 2009 34 | **Bayern Munich** | **2–1** | **VfB Stuttgart** | Munich |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Boulahrouz  16' (o.g.)
Van Bommel  60' |  | Gómez  63' | Stadium: Allianz Arena
Attendance: 69,000
Referee: Florian Meyer |

## Statistics

### Top scorers

1. "FootballSquads – VFB Stuttgart – 2008/09".

## InfoBox

VfB Stuttgart
| 2008–09 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Manager | Markus Babbel |
| Bundesliga | 3rd |
| UEFA Cup | Round of 32 |
| DFB-Pokal | Last 16 |
| Top goalscorer | League: Mario Gómez (24)
All: Mario Gómez (35) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Flag of Ryukyu

abstract: flag of Ryukyu The flag of Ryukyu is a number of flags that represent the Ryukyu Kingdom, the Ryukyu Islands, and the Ryukyuan people.

text:
# Flag of Ryukyu

The **flag of Ryukyu** (琉球旗, *Ryūkyū bata*) is a number of flags that represent the Ryukyu Kingdom, the Ryukyu Islands, and the Ryukyuan people.

## Origins

The first historical national symbol was a three-comma shape called the Hidari Gomon (左御紋). The adoption of the Hidari Gomon is attested to the last ruler of Okinawa's First Shō Dynasty, King Shō Toku. The King, possibly inspired by Japanese pirates who worshipped the Japanese god of war, Hachiman, adopted Hachiman's symbol and led an invasion of Kikai Island in 1467, later building the Asato Hachimangū shrine and taking the divine name of Hachiman-aji in response to his victory. Corroborating this was the discovery of a wooden coffin inscribed with a mitsudomoe and the year 1500 found in the Momojana tombs in Northern Okinawa.

## Historical usage

Around the time of the Invasion of Ryukyu by Satsuma Domain in 1609, historian Stephen Turnbull conjectured that the Hidari Gomon was prominently displayed on flags, banners, and soldiers' uniforms. After being defeated by Satsuma, Ryukyu was allowed to retain its status as an autonomous kingdom, maintaining its traditional tributary relationship to China. Official ships bound for Satsuma thereafter displayed a Japanese-style banner featuring the Shō Dynasty's family crest while private ships were forbidden to do so. Hidenobu Itai, an expert on pre-modern Japanese ships, conjectured that by following the Japanese practice, Ryukyu was displaying its allegiance to Satsuma. The ruling Satsuma Shimazu clan in fact acquiesced in Ryukyu's dual fealty, because it remained a trade conduit between China and Japan, affording the Shimazu a loophole in the restrictions on foreign trade imposed by the Tokugawa isolationist policy. Itai further claims that because Ryukyu was ordered to conceal from China its subjugation to Satsuma, the banner is highly unlikely to have been flown during voyages to China.

In 1797, a privately owned ship chartered by the kingdom was wrecked on its way to Satsuma and in the next year eventually drifted to Chōshi, a port in modern-day Chiba Prefecture. The flag it was flying was labeled as the "flag of Ryukyu" (琉玖; note the non-standard choice of the second character) in the *Bankoku Hakuki Zufu* (1854) and a couple of other flag atlases published in Japan from the end of the Edo period to the beginning of the Meiji period. The flag featured a white field with a black mitsudomoe, blue triskelion, and a black vertical line below the crest with a thin red line running through it.

Another Ryukyuan flag appeared in a historical novel titled *Ryūkyū shigeki: Tomoebata no akebono* (1946). The book was written by Chōchin Yara (1895–1957) and was mimeographed in Nara, to which he had fled in World War II. He claimed that the flag had been the national flag of the Ryukyu Kingdom; he produced a physical flag that he claimed he hid from the Japanese before the war.

Yara's flag was similar to one created by the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands (USCAR) in 1954. The American government used the flag unofficially and informally for a brief period of time in 1954 but never officially adopted it. The flag was part of USCAR's effort in reversing the Japanization of Okinawa and to counter the then-intensifying Okinawan reversion movement by recreating a “Ryukyuan” identity. At first, USCAR tried to impose the complete ban on the display of the flag of Japan, but was unable to do so because the U.S. acknowledged that Japan held "residual sovereignty" over the islands. USCAR eventually allowed special conditions on when the Okinawans could fly the Japanese flag, although Okinawans then fought for an unconditional right. To counter this, USCAR attempted to create a Ryukyuan national flag. The Americans believed that the new flag, which was based on the family crest of the Shō Dynasty which had ruled the Ryukyu Kingdom, would stir a Ryukyuan nationalistic spirit. USCAR displayed the flag at the Ryukyu-American Friendship Centers, but was soon disappointed with the Okinawans' apathy toward the former royal family's symbol. Most people did not even know what the symbol stood for. The unofficial and informal experiment went largely unnoticed by Okinawans.

In the immediate aftermath of the war, Okinawan merchant ships adopted the D pennant as a naval ensign. However, because the pennant was not recognized as a naval ensign and was not well known, many ships flying the pennant were seized. Eventually USCAR made the Flag of the United States the naval ensign for ships from the Ryukyu Islands, but many Okinawans opted for the Hinomaru in protest. In 1967, a new naval ensign was approved for use by Okinawans by USCAR; it was the flag of Japan with a pennant that read "Ryukyus" and "琉球" (Chinese characters for "Ryukyu") above it.

After the Ryukyu Islands were returned to Japan in 1972, Okinawa Prefecture was re-established and the current flag of Okinawa Prefecture was adopted.

In 2012, Daisaku Kina, a part-time curator at Naha City Museum of History, wrote a column for Ryūkyū Shimpō about the flag used on Wikipedia as the flag of the Ryukyu Kingdom. He was unable to find contemporary sources in which the flag is used as the national flag. He argued that, as a pre-modern polity, Ryukyu had no notion of a national flag. He raised concern about the circulation of misinformation.

## Citations

## Sources

Kerr, George H. (2011) \[1958\]. *Okinawa: The History of an Island People*. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 978-1-462-90184-5.


abstract: The 2011–12 New Mexico Lobos men's basketball team represented the University of New Mexico as a member of the Mountain West Conference. The Lobos are coached by fifth-year head coach Steve Alford and play their home games at The Pit in Albuquerque, New Mexico. They finished with a record of 28-7 overall, 10-4 in Mountain West play. They were co-champions of the 2012 Mountain West Regular Season Champions with San Diego State and won the 2012 Mountain West Conference men's basketball tournament. They earned a 5th seed in the west of the 2012 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. They lost in the third round to Louisville.

text:
# 2011–12 New Mexico Lobos men's basketball team

2011–12 Mountain West Conference men's basketball standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | PCT |  |  | W |  | L |  | PCT |
| No. 21 New Mexico | 10 |  | 4 |  | .714 |  |  | 28 |  | 7 |  | .800 |
| No. 22 San Diego St | 10 |  | 4 |  | .714 |  |  | 26 |  | 8 |  | .765 |
| No. 23 UNLV | 9 |  | 5 |  | .643 |  |  | 26 |  | 9 |  | .743 |
| Colorado State | 8 |  | 6 |  | .571 |  |  | 20 |  | 12 |  | .625 |
| TCU | 7 |  | 7 |  | .500 |  |  | 18 |  | 15 |  | .545 |
| Wyoming | 6 |  | 8 |  | .429 |  |  | 21 |  | 12 |  | .636 |
| Air Force | 3 |  | 11 |  | .214 |  |  | 13 |  | 16 |  | .448 |
| Boise State | 3 |  | 11 |  | .214 |  |  | 13 |  | 17 |  | .433 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2012 MWC tournament winner
As of March 8, 2012
Rankings from AP Poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **2011–12 New Mexico Lobos men's basketball team** represented the University of New Mexico as a member of the Mountain West Conference. The Lobos are coached by fifth-year head coach Steve Alford and play their home games at The Pit in Albuquerque, New Mexico. They finished with a record of 28-7 overall, 10-4 in Mountain West play. They were co-champions of the 2012 Mountain West Regular Season Champions with San Diego State and won the 2012 Mountain West Conference men's basketball tournament. They earned a 5th seed in the west of the 2012 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. They lost in the third round to Louisville.

## Recruiting

US college sports recruiting information for high school athletes
| Name | Hometown | High school / college | Height | Weight | Commit date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Dominique Dunning**
*SG* | Corona, CA | Centennial High School | 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) | 190 lb (86 kg) | Apr 13, 2010 |
| | **Recruiting star ratings:** Scout:   Rivals:   247Sports: *N/A*    ESPN grade: 90 | | | | | | |
| **Hugh Greenwood**
*SG* | Hobart, Australia | Australian Institute of Sport | 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) | 210 lb (95 kg) | Apr 13, 2011 |
| | **Recruiting star ratings:** Scout: *N/A*   Rivals: *N/A*   247Sports: *N/A*    ESPN grade: N/A | | | | | | |
| **Overall recruiting rankings:** Scout:    Rivals: | | | | | | |
| * *Note*: In many cases, Scout, Rivals, 247Sports, and ESPN may conflict in their listings of height and weight. * In these cases, the average was taken. ESPN grades are on a 100-point scale.  *Sources:*
* "New Mexico Commit List for 2011". Rivals.com. Retrieved August 15, 2011. * "Men's Basketball Recruiting". Scout.com. Retrieved August 15, 2011. * "ESPN – New Mexico Lobos Basketball Recruiting 2011". ESPN.com. Retrieved August 15, 2011. * "Scout.com Team Recruiting Rankings". Scout.com. Retrieved August 15, 2011. * "2011 Team Ranking". Rivals.com. Retrieved August 15, 2011. | | | | | | |

## Roster

**2011–12 Roster**
| Name | Number | Pos. | Height | Weight | Year | Hometown | High School/Last College |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| A. J. Hardeman | 00 | F | 6' 8" | 235 | Senior | Del Valle, Texas | Del Valle High School |
| Chris Perez | 2 | G | 6' 0" | 180 | Sophomore | Corona, California | Centennial High School |
| Hugh Greenwood | 3 | G | 6' 3" | 209 | Freshman | Hobart, Australia | Australian Institute of Sport |
| Chad Adams | 4 | G/F | 6' 6" | 190 | Junior | Albuquerque, New Mexico | Highland High School |
| Dominique Dunning | 5 | G | 6' 3" | 198 | Freshman | Corona, California | Centennial High School |
| Kendall Williams | 10 | G | 6' 3" | 180 | Sophomore | Rancho Cucamonga, California | Los Osos High School |
| Jamal Fenton | 13 | G | 5' 9" | 168 | Junior | Houston, Texas | Chávez High School |
| Tony Snell | 21 | G | 6' 7" | 195 | Sophomore | Riverside, California | King High School |
| Phillip McDonald | 23 | G | 6' 5" | 200 | Senior | Cypress, Texas | Cypress Springs High School |
| Kory Alford | 24 | G | 6' 4" | 170 | Freshman | Albuquerque, New Mexico | La Cueva High School |
| Drew Gordon | 32 | F | 6' 9" | 245 | Senior | San Jose, California | UCLA |
| Demetrius Walker | 40 | G | 6' 2" | 200 | RS Sophomore | Fontana, California | Arizona State |
| Cameron Bairstow | 41 | F | 6' 9" | 253 | Sophomore | Brisbane, Australia | Australian Institute of Sport |
| Alex Kirk | 53 | C | 6' 11" | 242 | Sophomore | Los Alamos, New Mexico | Los Alamos High School |

### Departures

The Lobos lost their lone senior Dairese Gary, who was a four-year starter at point guard, who averaged 14.1 points per game, 5.5 assists per game and 3.2 rebounds per game. The Lobos also lost assistant coach Wyking Jones to an assistant coach position at the University of Louisville. Due to this, former Director of Basketball Operations Duane Broussard was promoted to assistant coach to replace Jones.

## 2011–12 Schedule

| Date
time, TV | Rank# | Opponent# | Result | Record | Site (attendance)
city, state |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Exhibition | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 11/01/2011*
7:00 pm, KASY |  | Davenport | **W** 92–54 |
 | The Pit (12,978)
Albuquerque, NM |
| 11/05/2011*
7:00 pm, KASY |  | Western New Mexico | **W** 99–68 |
 | The Pit (13,473)
Albuquerque, NM |
| Regular season | | | | | | | | |
| 11/11/2011*
7:00 pm, KASY |  | New Orleans | **W** 92–40 | 1–0
 | The Pit (14,011)
Albuquerque, NM |
| 11/16/2011*
7:00 pm, The Mtn. |  | New Mexico State
*Rio Grande Rivalry* | **L** 53–62 | 1–1
 | The Pit (15,303)
Albuquerque, NM |
| 11/18/2011*
6:30 pm, FSAZ |  | at Arizona State | **W** 76–71 | 2–1
 | Wells Fargo Arena (5,046)
Tempe, AZ |
| 11/24/2011*
7:00 pm, ESPNU |  | vs. Santa Clara
*76 Classic Quarterfinals* | **L** 76–79 OT | 2–2
 | Anaheim Convention Center (N/A)
Anaheim, CA |
| 11/25/2011*
7:30 pm, ESPNU |  | vs. Washington State
*76 Classic loser bracket* | **W** 72–62 | 3–2
 | Anaheim Convention Center (N/A)
Anaheim, CA |
| 11/27/2011*
2:00 pm, ESPNU |  | vs. Boston College
*76 Classic 5th place game* | **W** 75–57 | 4–2
 | Anaheim Convention Center (N/A)
Anaheim, CA |
| 11/30/2011*
7:00 pm |  | Idaho State | **W** 65–41 | 5–2
 | The Pit (13,142)
Albuquerque, NM |
| 12/03/2011*
8:00 pm, The Mtn. |  | Missouri State
*MWC-MVC Challenge* | **W** 76–60 | 6–2
 | The Pit (14,077)
Albuquerque, NM |
| 12/10/2011*
5:00 pm, FS West |  | at USC | **W** 44–41 | 7–2
 | Galen Center (3,863)
Los Angeles, CA |
| 12/17/2011*
8:30 pm, ESPN2 |  | vs. Oklahoma State
*All-College Basketball Classic* | **W** 66–56 | 8–2
 | Chesapeake Energy Arena (5,303)
Oklahoma City, OK |
| 12/20/2011*
7:00 pm, KASY |  | Montana State | **W** 91–46 | 9–2
 | The Pit (13,462)
Albuquerque, NM |
| 12/22/2011*
7:00 pm |  | UMKC | **W** 87–62 | 10–2
 | The Pit (13,419)
Albuquerque, NM |
| 12/28/2011*
7:00 pm, AggieVision |  | at New Mexico State
*Rio Grande Rivalry* | **W** 89–69 | 11–2
 | Pan American Center (8,361)
Las Cruces, NM |
| 12/31/2011*
4:00 pm, The Mtn. |  | Saint Louis | **W** 64–60 | 12–2
 | The Pit (15,139)
Albuquerque, NM |
| 01/03/2012*
7:00 pm, KASY |  | Houston Baptist | **W** 98–61 | 13–2
 | The Pit (12,789)
Albuquerque, NM |
| 01/07/2012*
1:30 pm, KASY |  | North Dakota | **W** 85–57 | 14–2
 | The Pit (14,094)
Albuquerque, NM |
| 01/14/2012
1:30 pm, The Mtn. |  | at Wyoming | **W** 72–62 | 15–2 (1–0)
 | Arena-Auditorium (6,955)
Laramie, WY |
| 01/18/2012
8:00 pm, CBSSN |  | No. 16 San Diego State | **L** 70–75 | 15–3 (1–1)
 | The Pit (15,411)
Albuquerque, NM |
| 01/21/2012
8:00 pm, CBSSN |  | at No. 14 UNLV | **L** 63–80 | 15–4 (1–2)
 | Thomas & Mack Center (18,577)
Paradise, NV |
| 01/25/2012
8:00 pm, CBSSN |  | Colorado State | **W** 85–52 | 16–4 (2–2)
 | The Pit (14,089)
Albuquerque, NM |
| 01/28/2012
4:00 pm, The Mtn. |  | TCU | **W** 71–54 | 17–4 (3–2)
 | The Pit (15,212)
Albuquerque, NM |
| 01/31/2012
8:00 pm, The Mtn. |  | at Air Force | **W** 81–42 | 18–4 (4–2)
 | Clune Arena (1,916)
Colorado Springs, CO |
| 02/04/2012
2:00 pm, NBCSN |  | at Boise State | **W** 65–49 | 19–4 (5–2)
 | Taco Bell Arena (4,159)
Boise, ID |
| 02/11/2012
1:30 pm, The Mtn. |  | Wyoming | **W** 48–38 | 20–4 (6–2)
 | The Pit (15,140)
Albuquerque, NM |
| 02/15/2012
8:00 pm, CBSSN |  | at No. 13 San Diego State | **W** 77–67 | 21–4 (7–2)
 | Viejas Arena (12,414)
San Diego, CA |
| 02/18/2012
11:00 am, CBS |  | No. 11 UNLV | **W** 65–45 | 22–4 (8–2)
 | The Pit (15,411)
Albuquerque, NM |
| 02/21/2012
8:00 pm, The Mtn. | No. 18 | at Colorado State | **L** 63–71 | 22–5 (8–3)
 | Moby Arena (4,444)
Fort Collins, CO |
| 02/25/2012
5:00 pm, The Mtn. | No. 18 | at TCU | **L** 64–83 | 22–6 (8–4)
 | Daniel–Meyer Coliseum (6,460)
Fort Worth, TX |
| 02/29/2012
6:00 pm, The Mtn. |  | Air Force | **W** 86–56 | 23–6 (9–4)
 | The Pit (15,152)
Albuquerque, NM |
| 03/02/2012
2:00 pm, NBCSN |  | Boise State | **W** 76–61 | 24–6 (10–4)
 | The Pit (15,411)
Albuquerque, NM |
| 2012 Mountain West Conference tournament | | | | | | | | |
| 03/08/2012
7:00 pm, The Mtn. | (2) | vs. (7) Air Force
*Quarterfinals* | **W** 79–64 | 25–6
 | Thomas & Mack Center (13,772)
Paradise, NV |
| 03/09/2012
9:30 pm, CBSSN | (2) | vs. (3) No. 20 UNLV
*Semifinals* | **W** 72–67 | 26–6
 | Thomas & Mack Center (16,339)
Paradise, NV |
| 03/10/2012
5:00 pm, NBCSN | (2) | vs. (1) No. 18 San Diego State
*Championship Game* | **W** 68–59 | 27–6
 | Thomas & Mack Center (12,168)
Paradise, NV |
| 2012 NCAA tournament | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 03/15/2012*
2:10 pm, TBS | (5 W)  No. 21 | vs. (12 W) Long Beach State
*Second Round* | **W** 75–68 | 28–6
 | Rose Garden (17,519)
Portland, OR |
| 03/17/2012*
7:40 pm, TBS | (5 W)  No. 21 | vs. (4 W) No. 17 Louisville
*Third Round* | **L** 56–59 | 28–7
 | Rose Garden (18,167)
Portland, OR |
| *Non-conference game. #Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses.
All times are in Mountain Time (#) during NCAA Tournament is seed with Region. | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 2011–12 New Mexico Lobos men's basketball | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Mountain West regular season co-champions
Mountain West tournament champions | |
| NCAA Tournament, Third Round | |
| Conference | Mountain West Conference |
| Ranking | |
| Coaches | No. 23 |
| AP | No. 21 |
| Record | 28–7 (10–4 Mountain West) |
| Head coach |  |
| Assistant coaches |  |
| Home arena | The Pit (Capacity: 17,126) |
|


title: 1994 Belgian local elections

text:
# 1994 Belgian local elections

Local elections were held in Belgium on 9 October 1994. The ten provincial councils as well as all municipal councils were elected.

The election was, apart from the European election in June that year, the first one since the fourth state reform, which made provincial elections concurrent with municipal elections rather than with parliamentary elections. Legislative terms for provincial councils were thus increased from four years or less to six years. Additionally, the reform split the province of Brabant into Flemish Brabant and Walloon Brabant, thus increasing the number of provinces from nine to ten.

## Provincial councils

Flemish provinces
| Province | Voters | Seats | CVP | VLD | SP | Agalev | VB | VU | Others |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
| Antwerp | 1,203,576 | **84** | 27 | 13 | 15 | 9 | 16 | 2 | 1 (WOW)
1 (PATSY) |
| Flemish Brabant | 743,780 | **75** | 23 | 17 | 13 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 (UF) |
| West Flanders | 862,508 | **84** | 40 | 15 | 20 | 4 | 3 | 2 |  |
| East Flanders | 1,038,644 | **83** | 33 | 22 | 17 | 4 | 6 | 1 |  |
| Limburg | 538,754 | **75** | 29 | 17 | 20 | 2 | 3 | 4 |  |

Walloon provinces
| Province | Voters | Seats | PS | PRL | PSC | Ecolo | FN | Others |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | |  |  |  |  |  | |
| Walloon Brabant | 231.969 | **56** | 14 | 20 | 12 | 7 | 3 |  |
| Hainaut | 860.476 | **84** | 40 | 17 | 18 | 5 | 4 |  |
| Liège | 666.799 | **80** | 30
1(SP) | 16
1(PPF) | 18
1(CSP) | 8 | 1 | 3 (AGIR)
1 (PDB) |
| Luxembourg | 171.690 | **47** | 12 | 15 | 19 | 1 | 0 |  |
| Namur | 314.881 | **56** | 19 | 13 | 18 | 4 | 2 |  |
|

## InfoBox

1994 Belgian local elections
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| --- | |


title: Eugnosta dives

abstract: Eugnosta dives is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China, Japan and Russia. Adults are shining white, the forewings thinly and minutely black-speckled, pale luteous along most of the costa, and with an irregular pale luteous discal stripe. The hindwings are brown, with an aeneous tinge.

text:
# Eugnosta dives

***Eugnosta dives*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong), Japan and Russia.

Adults are shining white, the forewings thinly and minutely black-speckled, pale luteous along most of the costa, and with an irregular pale luteous discal stripe. The hindwings are brown, with an aeneous tinge.

## InfoBox

| *Eugnosta dives* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Eugnosta* |
| Species: | ***E. dives*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eugnosta dives***<br>(Butler, 1878) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Conchylis dives* Butler, 1878 * *Safra metaphaeella* Walker, 1863 * *Euxanthis simplicella* Meyrick, in Caradja & Meyrick, 1935 * *Euxanthis dives ab. simpliciana* Kennel, 1913 | |


title: Auburn–Clemson football rivalry

abstract: The Auburn–Clemson football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Auburn Tigers and Clemson Tigers.

text:
# Auburn–Clemson football rivalry

150km
100miles Clemson  AuburnLocations of Auburn and Clemson

The **Auburn–Clemson football rivalry** is an American college football rivalry between the Auburn Tigers and Clemson Tigers.

## Series history

The rivalry began in 1899 and was played almost annually up until 1929. It was renewed in 1940 on an annual basis until 1955, with only a three-year break from 1943–45 for World War II. After that, the series became much more intermittent. They have faced each other in two bowl games; the 1998 Peach Bowl and the 2007 Chick-fil-A Bowl.

## Notable games

### 1998 Peach Bowl

### 2007 Chick-fil-A Bowl

## Game results

| Auburn victories | Clemson victories | Tie games |
| --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

Auburn–Clemson football rivalry
| Auburn Tigers   Clemson Tigers | |
| --- | --- |
| First meeting | October 28, 1899
Auburn, 34–0 |
| Latest meeting | September 9, 2017
Clemson, 14–6 |
| Next meeting | TBD |
| Statistics | |
| Meetings total | 51 |
| All-time series | Auburn leads, 34–15–2 |
| Largest victory | Auburn, 56–0 (1921) |
| Longest win streak | Auburn 14, (1952–2010) |
| Current win streak | Clemson 4, (2011–present) |


title: Benjamin A. Enloe

abstract: Benjamin Augustine Enloe was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 8th congressional district of Tennessee.

text:
# Benjamin A. Enloe

**Benjamin Augustine Enloe** (January 18, 1848 – July 8, 1922) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 8th congressional district of Tennessee.

## Biography

Enloe was born on January 18, 1848, in Clarksburg, Tennessee son of Benjamin S. and Nancy O. Blair Enloe. He attended Bethel College (McKenzie, Tennessee) and Cumberland University in (Lebanon, Tennessee). He married Fannie Howard Ashworth on April 5, 1870, and they had two children, Benjamin Augustine and Marie.

## Career

While a student at Cumberland University, Enloe was elected a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives in 1869. He was re-elected under the new state constitution in 1870. He graduated from the Cumberland Law School in 1872, was admitted to the bar in 1873, and began practice in Jackson, Tennessee. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1872 and in 1880. He was appointed by Governor Albert S. Marks in 1878 to negotiate the settling of the state deficit. He served on the state executive committee from 1878 to 1880. He edited the *Jackson Tribune* and the *Daily Sun* from 1874 to 1886.

Enloe was elected as a Democrat to the Fiftieth and the three following Congresses. During the Fifty-second and Fifty-third Congresses, he was chairman of the United States House Committee on Education. Not successful as a candidate for re-election in 1894 to the Fifty-fourth Congress. He served from March 4, 1887, to March 4, 1895.

After editing the *Daily Sun* at Nashville, Tennessee, for two years, Enloe moved to Louisville, Kentucky, and edited the *Louisville Dispatch* for two years. He was secretary of the state fair commission and director of exhibits from Tennessee at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1903. Elected railroad commissioner of Tennessee, Enloe served from 1904 until his death.

## Death

Enloe died at his home in Nashville on July 8, 1922, aged 74. He is interred at Mount Olivet Cemetery.

## InfoBox

| Benjamin Augustine Enloe | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Tennessee's 8th district | |
| **In office**
March 4, 1887  March 3, 1895 | |
| Preceded by | John M. Taylor |
| Succeeded by | John E. McCall |
| Member of the Tennessee House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
1869 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | January 18, 1848 (1848-01-18)
Clarksburg, Tennessee |
| Died | July 8, 1922 (1922-07-09) (aged 74)
Nashville, Tennessee |
| Citizenship | United States |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Fannie Howard Ashworth Enloe |
| Children | Benjamin Augustine Enloe Marie Enloe |
| Alma mater | Bethel College Cumberland University |
| Profession | Attorney, politician, editor |
| Signature |  |
|  | |


title: 2008–09 VfL Bochum season

abstract: The 2008–09 VfL Bochum season was the 71st season in club history. The team finished in 14th place in the Bundesliga league, after playing 34 league matches, of which they only won seven matches.

text:
# 2008–09 VfL Bochum season

The **2008–09 VfL Bochum season** was the 71st season in club history.

The team finished in 14th place in the Bundesliga league, after playing 34 league matches, of which they only won seven matches.

## Review and events

## Matches

### Legend

Win   Draw   Loss

### Bundesliga

| 16 August 2008 1 | **Karlsruher SC** | **1 – 0** | **VfL Bochum** | Karlsruhe |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Eichner  30' |  |  | Stadium: Wildparkstadion
Attendance: 24,800
Referee: Michael Weiner (Giesen) |

| 24 August 2008 2 | **VfL Bochum** | **2 – 2** | **VfL Wolfsburg** | Bochum |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 | Šesták  12'
Dabrowski  50' |  | Costa  51'
Sağlık  69' | Stadium: rewirpowerSTADION
Attendance: 20,836
Referee: Michael Kempter (Sauldorf) |

| 30 August 2008 3 | **Schalke 04** | **1 – 0** | **VfL Bochum** | Gelsenkirchen |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Westermann  36' |  |  | Stadium: Veltins-Arena
Attendance: 61,673
Referee: Wolfgang Stark (Ergolding) |

| 14 September 2008 4 | **VfL Bochum** | **2 – 0** | **Arminia Bielefeld** | Bochum |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 | Mięciel  22'
Pfertzel  26' |  |  | Stadium: rewirpowerSTADION
Attendance: 20,739
Referee: Peter Gagelmann (Bremen) |

| 20 September 2008 5 | **Energie Cottbus** | **1 – 1** | **VfL Bochum** | Cottbus |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Sørensen  13' |  | Yahia  48' | Stadium: Stadion der Freundschaft
Attendance: 12,174
Referee: Florian Meyer (Burgdorf) |

| 27 September 2008 6 | **VfL Bochum** | **2 – 3** | **Bayer Leverkusen** | Bochum |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Šesták  79'
Kaloğlu  81' |  | Vidal  6'
Augusto  21'
Helmes  61' | Stadium: rewirpowerSTADION
Attendance: 24,843
Referee: Jochen Drees (Münster-Sarmsheim) |

| 4 October 2008 7 | **Bayern Munich** | **3 – 3** | **VfL Bochum** | Munich |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Van Buyten  15'
Zé Roberto  45', 68' |  | Kaloğlu  29'
Dabrowski  83'
Grote  85' | Stadium: Allianz Arena
Attendance: 69,000
Referee: Babak Rafati (Hannover) |

| 17 October 2008 8 | **VfL Bochum** | **2 – 2** | **Borussia Mönchengladbach** | Bochum |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:30 | Dabrowski  55'
Kaloğlu  77' |  | Gohouri  30'
Kleine  79' | Stadium: rewirpowerSTADION
Attendance: 31,328
Referee: Helmut Fleischer (Ulm) |

| 26 October 2008 9 | **VfB Stuttgart** | **2 – 0** | **VfL Bochum** | Stuttgart |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 | Gómez  80', 83' |  |  | Stadium: Gottlieb-Daimler-Stadion
Attendance: 43,000
Referee: Manuel Gräfe (Berlin) |

| 29 October 2008 10 | **VfL Bochum** | **1 – 3** | **1899 Hoffenheim** | Bochum |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 | Grote  2' |  | Ba  64'
Ibišević  70' (pen.)
Carlos Eduardo  71' | Stadium: rewirpowerSTADION
Attendance: 24,444
Referee: Peter Gagelmann (Bremen) |

| 2 November 2008 11 | **Borussia Dortmund** | **1 – 1** | **VfL Bochum** | Dortmund |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 | Zidan  44' |  | Zdebel  27' | Stadium: Signal Iduna Park
Attendance: 71,600
Referee: Knut Kircher (Rottenburg) |

| 8 November 2008 12 | **VfL Bochum** | **0 – 0** | **Werder Bremen** | Bochum |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 |  |  |  | Stadium: rewirpowerSTADION
Attendance: 27,237
Referee: Deniz Aytekin (Oberasbach) |

| 14 November 2008 13 | **Hannover 96** | **1 – 1** | **VfL Bochum** | Hannover |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:30 | Schlaudraff  62' |  | Fromlowitz  66' (o.g.) | Stadium: AWD-Arena
Attendance: 30,827
Referee: Michael Kempter (Sauldorf) |

| 22 November 2008 14 | **VfL Bochum** | **2 – 3** | **Hertha BSC** | Bochum |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Šesták  50'
Mięciel  74' |  | Raffael  25'
Kačar  33'
Cícero  39' | Stadium: rewirpowerSTADION
Attendance: 18,248
Referee: Michael Weiner (Giesen) |

| 30 November 2008 15 | **VfL Bochum** | **1 – 1** | **Hamburger SV** | Bochum |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 | Šesták  39' |  | Olić  70' | Stadium: rewirpowerSTADION
Attendance: 23,157
Referee: Felix Brych (Munich) |

| 6 December 2008 16 | **Eintracht Frankfurt** | **4 – 0** | **VfL Bochum** | Frankfurt am Main |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Liberopoulos  7' (pen.), 43'
Steinhöfer  62'
Russ  64' |  |  | Stadium: Commerzbank-Arena
Attendance: 39,400
Referee: Markus Schmidt (Stuttgart) |

| 13 December 2008 17 | **VfL Bochum** | **1 – 2** | **1. FC Köln** | Bochum |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Dabrowski  58' |  | McKenna  44'
Ishiaku  87' | Stadium: rewirpowerSTADION
Attendance: 30,208
Referee: Jochen Drees (Münster-Sarmsheim) |

| 1 February 2009 18 | **VfL Bochum** | **2 – 0** | **Karlsruher SC** | Bochum |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 | C. Fuchs  26'
Klimowicz  65' |  |  | Stadium: rewirpowerSTADION
Attendance: 20,148
Referee: Peter Sippel (Munich) |

| 7 February 2009 19 | **VfL Wolfsburg** | **2 – 0** | **VfL Bochum** | Wolfsburg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Džeko  21', 85' |  |  | Stadium: Volkswagen Arena
Attendance: 26,177
Referee: Deniz Aytekin (Oberasbach) |

| 14 February 2009 20 | **VfL Bochum** | **2 – 1** | **Schalke 04** | Bochum |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Azaouagh  44'
Dabrowski  57' |  | Kurányi  18' | Stadium: rewirpowerSTADION
Attendance: 30,605
Referee: Knut Kircher (Rottenburg) |

| 21 February 2009 21 | **Arminia Bielefeld** | **1 – 1** | **VfL Bochum** | Bielefeld |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Mijatović  83' |  | Klimowicz  30' | Stadium: Schüco Arena
Attendance: 20,200
Referee: Lutz Wagner (Kriftel) |

| 28 February 2009 22 | **VfL Bochum** | **3 – 2** | **Energie Cottbus** | Bochum |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Epalle  12'
C. Fuchs  54'
Pfertzel  79' (pen.) |  | Iliev  2'
Jula  50' | Stadium: rewirpowerSTADION
Attendance: 18,103
Referee: Markus Schmidt (Stuttgart) |

| 8 March 2009 23 | **Bayer Leverkusen** | **1 – 1** | **VfL Bochum** | Düsseldorf |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 | Helmes  66' (pen.) |  | Dabrowski  32' | Stadium: LTU Arena
Attendance: 26,000
Referee: Wolfgang Stark (Ergolding) |

| 14 March 2009 24 | **VfL Bochum** | **0 – 3** | **Bayern Munich** | Bochum |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 |  |  | Zé Roberto  32'
Lahm  60'
Demichelis  90' | Stadium: rewirpowerSTADION
Attendance: 31,328
Referee: Michael Weiner (Giesen) |

| 20 March 2009 25 | **Borussia Mönchengladbach** | **0 – 1** | **VfL Bochum** | Mönchengladbach |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:30 |  |  | Grote  29' | Stadium: Borussia-Park
Attendance: 49,282
Referee: Manuel Gräfe (Berlin) |

| 4 April 2009 26 | **VfL Bochum** | **1 – 2** | **VfB Stuttgart** | Bochum |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Epalle  48' |  | Cacau  58'
Tasci  89' | Stadium: rewirpowerSTADION
Attendance: 24,718
Referee: Helmut Fleischer (Ulm) |

| 11 April 2009 27 | **1899 Hoffenheim** | **0 – 3** | **VfL Bochum** | Sinsheim |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 |  |  | Šesták  42', 55', 69' | Stadium: Rhein-Neckar Arena
Attendance: 30,150
Referee: Babak Rafati (Hannover) |

| 18 April 2009 28 | **VfL Bochum** | **0 – 2** | **Borussia Dortmund** | Bochum |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 |  |  | Owomoyela  11'
Valdez  54' | Stadium: rewirpowerSTADION
Attendance: 31,328
Referee: Peter Sippel (Munich) |

| 25 April 2009 29 | **Werder Bremen** | **3 – 2** | **VfL Bochum** | Bremen |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Almeida  54'
Naldo  70'
Diego  79' |  | Šesták  16', 44' | Stadium: Weserstadion
Attendance: 39,303
Referee: Günter Perl (Pullach) |

| 1 May 2009 30 | **VfL Bochum** | **0 – 2** | **Hannover 96** | Bochum |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:30 |  |  | Bruggink  12'
Balitsch  32' | Stadium: rewirpowerSTADION
Attendance: 26,072
Referee: Knut Kircher (Rottenburg) |

| 9 May 2009 31 | **Hertha BSC** | **2 – 0** | **VfL Bochum** | Berlin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Pantelić  39'
Raffael  50' |  |  | Stadium: Olympiastadion
Attendance: 71,323
Referee: Helmut Fleischer (Ulm) |

| 13 May 2009 32 | **Hamburger SV** | **3 – 1** | **VfL Bochum** | Hamburg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 | Guerrero  15'
Olić  33', 58' |  | Freier  71' | Stadium: HSH Nordbank Arena
Attendance: 47,942
Referee: Wolfgang Stark (Ergolding) |

| 16 May 2009 33 | **VfL Bochum** | **2 – 0** | **Eintracht Frankfurt** | Bochum |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Hashemian  26'
Klimowicz  72' |  |  | Stadium: rewirpowerSTADION
Attendance: 30,420
Referee: Felix Brych (Munich) |

| 23 May 2009 34 | **1. FC Köln** | **1 – 1** | **VfL Bochum** | Cologne |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Yahia  24' (o.g.) |  | Klimowicz  18' | Stadium: RheinEnergieStadion
Attendance: 50,000
Referee: Peter Gagelmann (Bremen) |

### DFB-Pokal

| 8 August 2008 R1 | **Preußen Münster** | **0 – 0** (a.e.t.)
(**5 – 6** ) | **VfL Bochum** | Münster |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:30 |  |  |  | Stadium: Preußenstadion
Attendance: 15,050
Referee: Peter Gagelmann (Bremen) |
|  | **Penalties** | | |  |
| | Özkara
Wissing
Ivičević
Loose
Lauretta
Talarek
Remmert |  | Maltritz
Šesták
Pfertzel
Ono
Hashemian
C. Fuchs
Yahia | |

| 24 September 2008 R2 | **Hamburger SV** | **2 – 0** | **VfL Bochum** | Hamburg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:00 | Petrić  9', 90+2' |  |  | Stadium: HSH Nordbank Arena
Attendance: 33,820
Referee: Peter Sippel (Munich) |

## Squad

### Squad and statistics

#### Squad, appearances and goals scored

| No. | Pos | Nat | Player | Total | | Bundesliga | | DFB-Pokal | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| 1 | GK | POR | Daniel Fernandes | 33 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| 2 | DF | SWE | Matias Concha | 15 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 4 | DF | GER | Marcel Maltritz | 30 | 1 | 28 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| 5 | MF | GER | Christoph Dabrowski | 32 | 6 | 31 | 6 | 1 | 0 |
| 6 | DF | AUT | Christian Fuchs | 24 | 3 | 22 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| 7 | MF | GER | Paul Freier | 29 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 8 | MF | POL | Tomasz Zdebel (until 31 December 2008) | 14 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| 9 | FW | SVK | Stanislav Šesták | 26 | 10 | 24 | 9 | 2 | 1 |
| 10 | FW | CMR | Joël Epalle | 22 | 2 | 22 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| 11 | FW | POL | Marcin Mięciel | 14 | 2 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 13 | MF | GER | Danny Fuchs (until 31 December 2008) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 14 | FW | ARG | Diego Klimowicz (since 4 January 2009) | 11 | 4 | 11 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| 15 | MF | CAN | Daniel Imhof | 25 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 16 | FW | IRN | Vahid Hashemian | 18 | 2 | 16 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| 17 | FW | TUR | Sinan Kaloğlu | 19 | 3 | 18 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| 18 | MF | GER | Oliver Schröder | 13 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 19 | MF | GER | Dennis Grote | 21 | 3 | 20 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| 20 | DF | GER | Mërgim Mavraj | 23 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 21 | DF | FRA | Marc Pfertzel | 29 | 3 | 27 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| 22 | MF | GER | Mimoun Azaouagh | 32 | 1 | 30 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| 23 | MF | JPN | Shinji Ono | 10 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| 24 | DF | GER | Philipp Bönig | 19 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 25 | DF | ALG | Antar Yahia | 26 | 2 | 24 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| 26 | MF | GER | Heinrich Schmidtgal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 27 | GK | GER | Andreas Lengsfeld | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 28 | MF | GER | David Zajas | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 29 | MF | TUR | Dilaver Güçlü | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 30 | DF | GER | Patrick Fabian | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 31 | GK | GER | René Renno | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 32 | GK | GER | Philipp Heerwagen | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 35 | MF | GER | İlkay Gündoğan (until 31 January 2009) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 36 | MF | GER | Jürgen Duah | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 37 | FW | GER | Sami El-Nounou | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 38 | FW | GER | Roman Prokoph | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 40 | MF | GER | Kevin Vogt (since 1 January 2009) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

### Transfers

#### Summer

#### Winter

## VfL Bochum II

| No. | Pos | Nat | Player | Total | | Regionalliga West | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
|  | DF | GER | Jonas Acquistapace | 18 | 0 | 18 | 0 |
|  | MF | GER | Mirkan Aydın | 29 | 4 | 29 | 4 |
|  | MF | GER | Jürgen Duah | 32 | 1 | 32 | 1 |
|  | FW | GER | Sami El-Nounou | 26 | 11 | 26 | 11 |
|  | GK | GER | Michael Esser | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | DF | GER | Patrick Fabian | 17 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
|  | MF | GER | Paul Freier | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
|  | MF | GER | Danny Fuchs | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
|  | MF | GER | Dennis Grote | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
|  | FW | TUR | Dilaver Güçlü | 25 | 5 | 25 | 5 |
|  | MF | GER | İlkay Gündoğan (until 31 January 2009) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
|  | FW | GER | Mike Hibbeln | 9 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
|  | DF | GER | Christian Kalina | 15 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
|  | DF | GER | Daniel Klinger | 24 | 0 | 24 | 0 |
|  | FW | TUN | Mohamed Labiadh | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
|  | GK | GER | Andreas Lengsfeld | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
|  | GK | GER | Andreas Luthe | 21 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
|  | DF | GER | Marcel Maltritz | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | DF | GER | Christian Mäscher | 23 | 0 | 23 | 0 |
|  | DF | GER | Mërgim Mavraj | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | FW | GER | Alexander Neumann | 23 | 5 | 23 | 5 |
|  | FW | GER | Roman Prokoph | 31 | 12 | 31 | 12 |
|  | GK | GER | René Renno | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
|  | DF | GER | Stefan Schattauer | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
|  | MF | GER | Heinrich Schmidtgal | 31 | 4 | 31 | 4 |
|  | DF | GER | Lukas Schmitz | 24 | 2 | 24 | 2 |
|  | DF | GER | Rouven Schröder | 20 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
|  | MF | GER | Oliver Schröder | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | MF | GER | Kevin Vogt (since 1 January 2009) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
|  | DF | ALG | Antar Yahia | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | MF | GER | David Zajas | 21 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
|  | MF | CAN | Gianluca Zavarise | 19 | 1 | 19 | 1 |
|  | MF | GER | Oliver Zech | 24 | 0 | 24 | 0 |

## Sources

## InfoBox

VfL Bochum
| 2008–09 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Chairman | Werner Altegoer |
| Head Coach | Marcel Koller |
| Stadium | rewirpowerSTADION |
| Bundesliga | 14th |
| DFB-Pokal | Second round |
| Top goalscorer | League: Šesták (9)
All: Šesták (10) |
| Highest home attendance | 31,328 (vs Borussia Mönchengladbach, 17 October 2008; vs FC Bayern Munich, 14 March 2009; vs Borussia Dortmund, 18 April 2009) |
| Lowest home attendance | 18,103 (vs Energie Cottbus, 28 February 2009) |
| Average home league attendance | 25,515 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Batase, Sindhupalchok

abstract: Batase is a village and market center of Chautara Sangachowkgadi Municipality in Sindhupalchok District in Bagmati Province of central Nepal. The formerly Village Development Committee was merged to the new Municipality in 2017. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4764 and had 1002 houses in the village.

text:
# Batase, Sindhupalchok

**Batase** is a village and market center of Chautara Sangachowkgadi Municipality in Sindhupalchok District in Bagmati Province of central Nepal. The formerly Village Development Committee was merged to the new Municipality in 2017. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4764 and had 1002 houses in the village.

1. "Nepal Census 2001". *Nepal's Village Development Committees*. Digital Himalaya. Archived from the original on 2008-10-12. Retrieved 2008-08-24.

## InfoBox

| Batase बतासे | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| BataseLocation in Nepal | |
| Coordinates: 27°49′N 85°44′E / 27.81°N 85.74°E / 27.81; 85.74 | |
| Country | Nepal |
| Province | Bagmati Province |
| District | Sindhupalchok District |
| Population (1991) | |
| Total | 4,764 |
| Religions | Hindu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:45 (Nepal Time) |


title: Flag of Sabaragamuwa Province

abstract: The flag of Sabaragamuwa Province was adopted for the Sabaragamuwa Province of Sri Lanka in 1987.

text:
# Flag of Sabaragamuwa Province

The **flag of Sabaragamuwa Province** was adopted for the Sabaragamuwa Province of Sri Lanka in 1987.

## Symbolism

The flag of the Sabaragamuwa is a dark red flag boarded by yellow edges, like the Sri Lankan Flag it has four yellow bo leaves in the corners and in the middle is a lion holding a whip like object, there are also a sun and a moon either side of the lion.

## InfoBox

Sabaragamuwa Province
|
|  |
|  | |
| Use | Civil and state flag |
| Proportion | 2:3 |
| Adopted | 1987 |
| Design | A dark red flag boarded by yellow edges with four yellow bo leaves in the corners and in the middle is a lion holding a whip like object, there are also a sun and a moon either side of the lion. |
|  | |


title: Fietje Peters, Poste Restante

abstract: Fietje Peters, Poste Restante is a 1935 Dutch comedy film drama directed by Victor Janson.

text:
# Fietje Peters, Poste Restante

***Fietje Peters, Poste Restante***  is a 1935 Dutch comedy film drama directed by Victor Janson.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Fietje Peters, Poste Restante | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Victor Janson |
| Written by | Cor Hermus (dialogue), Dinah Nelken (scenario) |
| Release date | * 15 November 1935 (1935-11-15) |
| Running time | 80 minutes |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Language | Dutch |


abstract: The 2019 Nigerian Senate election in Edo State was held on February 23, 2019, to elect members of the Nigerian Senate to represent Edo State. Ordia Akhimienmona Clifford, representing Edo Central, and Urghide Mathew Aisagbonriodion, representing Edo South, won on the Peoples Democratic Party platform. Alimikhena Francis Asekhame, representing Edo North, won on the All Progressives Congress platform.

text:
# 2019 Nigerian Senate elections in Edo State

The **2019 Nigerian Senate election in Edo State** was held on February 23, 2019, to elect members of the Nigerian Senate to represent Edo State. Ordia Akhimienmona Clifford, representing Edo Central, and Urghide Mathew Aisagbonriodion, representing Edo South, won on the Peoples Democratic Party platform. Alimikhena Francis Asekhame, representing Edo North, won on the All Progressives Congress platform.

## Overview & Summary

| Affiliation | Party | | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| |  |  | |
| | APC | PDP | |
| Before Election | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| After Election | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|

| District | Incumbent | Party | | Elected Senator | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Edo Central | Ordia Akhimienmona Clifford |  | PDP | Ordia Akhimienmona Clifford |  | PDP |
| Edo South | Uroghide Mathew Aisagbonriodion |  | PDP | Uroghide Mathew Aisagbonriodion |  | PDP |
| Edo North | Alimikhena Francis Asekhame |  | APC | Alimikhena Francis Asekhame |  | AC |

## Results

### Edo Central

A total of 11 candidates registered with the Independent National Electoral Commission to enter the election. PDP candidate Ordia Akhimienmona Clifford won the election, defeating APC candidates and 10 other party candidates. Clifford received 52.86% of the votes, while Osagie received 46.36%.

2019 Nigerian Senate election in Edo State
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **APC** | **Inegbedion John Osagie** | **49,158** | **42.86%** |
|  | PDP | Ordia Akhimienmona Clifford | 56,048 | 46.36% |
|  | Others |  | 831 | 0.78% |
| Total votes | | | **106,037** | **100%** |
|  | PDP **hold** | | | |

### Edo South

A total of 12 candidates registered with the Independent National Electoral Commission to enter the election. PDP candidate Urghide Mathew Aisagbonriodion won the election, defeating APC candidate Obahiagbon Patrick and 10 other party candidates. Aisagbonriodion received 51.03% of the votes, while Obahiagbon Patrick received 45.90%.

2019 Nigerian Senate election in Osun State
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **APC** | **Obahiagbon Patrick** | **1,211,957** | **46.90%** |
|  | PDP | Urghide Mathew Aisagbonriodion | 135,588 | 51.03% |
|  | Others |  | 7,584 | 2.85% |
| Total votes | | | **265,679** | **100%** |
|  | PDP **hold** | | | |

### Edo North

A total of 10 candidates registered with the Independent National Electoral Commission to enter the election. APC candidate Alimikhena Francis Asekhame won the election, defeating PDP candidate Momoh Abubakar Eshiokpekha and 8 other party candidates. Asekhame received 58.98% of the votes, while Eshiokpekha received 40.44%.

2019 Nigerian Senate election in Edo State
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **PDP** | **Momoh Abubakar Eshiokpekha** | **80,752** | **40.44%** |
|  | APC | Alimikhena Francis Asekhame | 117,783 | 58.987% |
|  | Others |  | 1,134 | 0.56% |
| Total votes | | | **199,667** | **100%** |
|  | APC **hold** | | | |


title: Fay Street Historic District

abstract: The Fay Street Historic District a small residential historic district encompassing two related triple decker houses in Worcester, Massachusetts. Built about 1896, they were noted for the preservation of their Queen Anne styling, which has since been removed. They were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

text:
# Fay Street Historic District

The **Fay Street Historic District** a small residential historic district encompassing two related triple decker houses in Worcester, Massachusetts. Built about 1896, they were noted for the preservation of their Queen Anne styling, which has since been removed. They were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

## Description and history

Fay Street is located southeast of downtown Worcester; it is a short dead-end residential street on the north side of Grafton Street west of its junction with Hamilton Street. Numbers 4 and 6 stand side by side at the far end of the street, on the east side. They are nearly identical in their construction: both are three stories in height, with a hip roof. They have asymmetrical facades, with a three-story projecting polygonal window bay on the right, and a single-story porch on the left. There is a second projecting window bay about midway down the long right side of each one, and a porch at the back of that side.

When the district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990, the two triple deckers, built c. 1896, were noted for the preservation of their Queen Anne styling, including porches with turned balusters and brackets, with similar decorative bracketing in the roof eaves. 4 Fay Street was also noted for having decorative pendants hanging from the roof line near the side projection. Since then, the buildings have been resided and their porches rebuilt with simpler styling (see photo).

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Fay Street Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| 4 and 6 Fay Street | |
|  | |
| Location | 4–6 Fay St.,<br>Worcester, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°15′25″N 71°47′16″W / 42.25694°N 71.78778°W / 42.25694; -71.78778 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1896 |
| Architectural style | Queen Anne |
| MPS | Worcester Three-Deckers TR |
| NRHP reference No. | 89002372 |
| Added to NRHP | February 9, 1990 |


title: Ethel Spowers

abstract: Ethel Louise Spowers was an Australian artist associated with the Grosvenor School of Modern Art in London. She was especially known for her linocuts, which are included in the collections of major Australian and British Art Galleries. She was also a founder of the Contemporary Art Society, promoting modern art in Australia.

text:
# Ethel Spowers

**Ethel Louise Spowers** (11 July 1890 – 5 May 1947) was an Australian artist associated with the Grosvenor School of Modern Art in London. She was especially known for her linocuts, which are included in the collections of major Australian and British Art Galleries. She was also a founder of the Contemporary Art Society, promoting modern art in Australia.

## Early life

Ethel Louise Spowers was born on 11 July 1890, in South Yarra, Melbourne, daughter of a New Zealand father and a London-born mother. Her father, William Spowers, owned a newspaper. Spowers trained as an artist at the National Gallery of Victoria Art School 1911-17, with some study in Paris as well (most notably with André Lhote). She was educated at Melbourne Girls Grammar School in Melbourne. Wealthy and cultured, her family owned a mansion in St Georges Road, Toorak. Ethel continued to live there as an adult and maintained a studio above the stables.

## Career

Spowers had her first solo exhibit in Melbourne at age 30, showing fairy-tale illustrations as those of Ethel Jackson Morris. Two further solo shows (1925 and 1927) at the New Gallery, Melbourne, confirmed her reputation as an illustrator of fairy tales, though by then she was also producing woodcuts and linocuts inspired by Japanese art and covering a broader range of subjects.

Her style and artistic focus changed in 1928–29 when she studied linocut printmaking with Claude Flight at the Grosvenor School of Modern Art in London. She was one of several Australian women artists at the Grosvenor School, including Dorrit Black and Eveline Winifred Syme. Further classes followed in 1931, during which Spowers absorbed modernist ideas of rhythmic design and composition from the principal of Grosvenor School Iain Macnab.

In the 1930s her linocuts attracted critical attention for their bold, simplified forms, rhythmic sense of movement, distinctive use of colour and humorous observation of everyday life, particularly the world of children. They were regularly shown at The Redfern Gallery, London.

Spowers mounted an exhibition of Australian linocuts in Melbourne in 1930. In 1932, she became a founder of the Contemporary Art Society, promoting modern art in Australia.

## Selected works

* Yallourn (1933)
* Bank holiday (1935)
* Resting models (1933)
* Wet afternoon (1930)
* Gust of Wind (1931)
* Bank Holiday (1935)

## Death and legacy

Spowers died on 5 May 1947, after a long illness from cancer, in Melbourne, age 56. She was buried at Fawkner Memorial Park. A children's book illustrated by Spowers, *Cuthbert and the Dogs*, was published the year after her death. Spowers apparently destroyed some of her original works late in life. In 2011, Ethel Spowers' *Wet Afternoon* sold in New York City for £51,650, much higher than any of her previous works had brought at auction. The next year, Spowers' *The Gust of Wind* more than doubled that mark, selling for £114,050 in April 2012, a record price for any Grosvenor School print up to that date.

The Art Gallery NSW holds several of her works, some from an early period of realistic illustrations, others showing the marked influence of her time at the Grosvenor School. The National Gallery of Australia holds 47 of her prints executed in the 1920s and 1930s. Her prints are also held in the National Gallery of Victoria and the Ballarat Fine Art Gallery, Victoria. The British Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum purchased a number of her linocuts.

### Watercolor on paper

### Linocuts

## InfoBox

| Ethel Spowers | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Ethel Louise Spowers
(1890-06-11)June 11, 1890
South Yarra, Melbourne, Australia |
| Died | 5 May 1947(1947-05-05) (aged 56) |
| Education | National Gallery Art School, Melbourne
Grosvenor School of Modern Art, London |
| Notable work | *Wet Afternoon* (1930) |
| Style | Grosvenor School (linocut sub-category) |
| Movement | Modernism |