title: 1961–62 Football League Cup

abstract: The 1961–62 Football League Cup was the second season of the Football League Cup, a knockout competition for England's top 92 football clubs; only 82 of them took part. The competition began on 11 September 1961, and ended with the two-legged final on 26 April and 1 May 1962. Aston Villa unsuccessfully defended its 1962 title on 21-11-1961 at the Third Round Ties against Ipswich Town, 2–3. Norwich City beat Rochdale 4–0 on aggregate over two legs. Norwich won the first leg 3–0 away at Spotland, thanks to goals from Derrick Lythgoe (2) and Punton. In the second leg at Carrow Road, Jimmy Hill scored to give Norwich a 1–0 win on the night and a 4–0 aggregate victory. Match dates and results were initially drawn from Soccerbase, and they were later checked against Rothmans Football Yearbook 1970–71.

text:
# 1961–62 Football League Cup

The **1961–62 Football League Cup** was the second season of the Football League Cup, a knockout competition for England's top 92 football clubs; only 82 of them took part. The competition began on 11 September 1961, and ended with the two-legged final on 26 April and 1 May 1962.

Aston Villa unsuccessfully defended its 1962 title on 21-11-1961 at the Third Round Ties against Ipswich Town, 2–3.

Norwich City beat Rochdale 4–0 on aggregate over two legs. Norwich won the first leg 3–0 away at Spotland, thanks to goals from Derrick Lythgoe (2) and Punton. In the second leg at Carrow Road, Jimmy Hill scored to give Norwich a 1–0 win on the night and a 4–0 aggregate victory.

Match dates and results were initially drawn from Soccerbase, and they were later checked against *Rothmans Football Yearbook 1970–71*.

## Calendar

Semi-finals and final were played over two legs.

| Round | Dates | Fixtures | | | Clubs | New entries this round |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Original | Replays | Byes | | |
| First Round | 11–14 September 1961 | 40 | 8 |  | 82 → 42 | 80 |
| Second Round | 2–16 October 1961 | 21 | 7 | 0 | 42 → 21 | 2
(teams competing in the 1961–62 European Cup Winners' Cup) |
| Third Round | 13–21 November 1961 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 21 → 11 | none |
| Fourth Round | 11–13 December 1961 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 11 → 8 | none |
| Fifth Round | 6–7 February 1962 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 8 → 4 | none |
| Semi-finals | 19 March – 16 April 1962 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 → 2 | none |
| Final | 26 April – 1 May 1962 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 → 1 | none |
|

## First round

### Ties

| Home Team | Score | Away Team | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Barnsley** (3) | 3–2 | Southport (4) | 13-09-1961 |
| Barrow (4) | 0–2 | **Portsmouth** (3) | 13-09-1961 |
| Birmingham City (1) | 1–1 | Swindon Town (3) | 13-09-1961 |
| **Blackpool** (1) | 2–1 | Port Vale (3) | 13-09-1961 |
| Bolton Wanderers (1) | 1–1 | Sunderland (2) | 13-09-1961 |
| Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic (3) | 2–2 | Torquay United (3) | 13-09-1961 |
| Bradford City (4) | 3–4 | **Aston Villa** (1) | 13-09-1961 |
| **Bristol Rovers** (2) | 2–1 | Hartlepools United (4) | 11-09-1961 |
| **Bury** (2) | 5–1 | Brighton & Hove Albion (2) | 12-09-1961 |
| **Cardiff City** (1) | 2–0 | Wrexham (4) | 13-09-1961 |
| Carlisle United (4) | 1–1 | Huddersfield Town (2) | 12-09-1961 |
| Chesterfield (4) | 2–3 | **Norwich City** (2) | 13-09-1961 |
| Colchester United (4) | 1–2 | **Crewe Alexandra** (4) | 13-09-1961 |
| Darlington (4) | 0–1 | **Rotherham United** (2) | 11-09-1961 |
| **Doncaster Rovers** (4) | 3–2 | Grimsby Town (3) | 13-09-1961 |
| Fulham (1) | 1–1 | Sheffield United (1) | 13-09-1961 |
| **Hull City** (3) | 4–2 | Bradford Park Avenue (3) | 11-09-1961 |
| **Ipswich Town** (1) | 4–2 | Manchester City (1) | 11-09-1961 |
| **Leeds United** (2) | 4–1 | Brentford (3) | 13-09-1961 |
| **Lincoln City** (3) | 1–0 | Accrington Stanley (4) | 13-09-1961 |
| **Luton Town** (2) | 2–1 | Northampton Town (3) | 13-09-1961 |
| **Mansfield Town** (4) | 5–2 | Exeter City (4) | 11-09-1961 |
| Millwall (4) | 1–2 | **Walsall** (2) | 13-09-1961 |
| **Newcastle United** (2) | 2–0 | Scunthorpe United (2) | 13-09-1961 |
| Newport County (3) | 0–0 | Shrewsbury Town (3) | 11-09-1961 |
| **Nottingham Forest** (1) | 4–1 | Gillingham (4) | 11-09-1961 |
| Notts County (3) | 2–2 | Derby County (2) | 14-09-1961 |
| Oldham Athletic (4) | 1–4 | **Charlton Athletic** (2) | 12-09-1961 |
| Peterborough United (3) | 1–3 | **Blackburn Rovers** (1) | 11-09-1961 |
| **Preston North End** (2) | 3–1 | Aldershot (4) | 13-09-1961 |
| **Queens Park Rangers** (3) | 5–2 | Crystal Palace (3) | 13-09-1961 |
| **Reading** (3) | 4–2 | Chester (4) | 13-09-1961 |
| Southampton (2) | 0–0 | Rochdale (4) | 13-09-1961 |
| Southend United (3) | 0–1 | **Stoke City** (2) | 13-09-1961 |
| Stockport County (4) | 0–1 | **Leyton Orient** (2) | 11-09-1961 |
| Tranmere Rovers (4) | 3–6 | **Middlesbrough** (2) | 13-09-1961 |
| **Watford** (3) | 3–0 | Halifax Town (3) | 11-09-1961 |
| **West Ham United** (1) | 3–2 | Plymouth Argyle (2) | 11-09-1961 |
| **Workington** (4) | 3–0 | Coventry City (3) | 13-09-1961 |
| **York City** (4) | 3–0 | Bristol City (3) | 13-09-1961 |
|

### Replays

| Home Team | Score | Away Team | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Derby County** (2) | 3–2 | Notts County (3) | 27-09-1961 |
| **Huddersfield Town** (2) | 3–0 | Carlisle United (4) | 25-09-1961 |
| **Rochdale** (4) | 2–1 | Southampton (2) | 27-09-1961 |
| **Sheffield United** (1) | 4–0 | Fulham (1) | 25-09-1961 |
| **Shrewsbury Town** (3) | 3–1 | Newport County (3) | 28-09-1961 |
| **Sunderland** (2) | 1–0 | Bolton Wanderers (1) | 25-09-1961 |
| **Swindon Town** (3) | 2–0 | Birmingham City (1) | 25-09-1961 |
| Torquay United (3) | 0–1 | **Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic** (3) | 25-09-1961 |
|

### Byes

These two teams received byes as they were competing in the 1961–62 European Cup Winners' Cup.

| Team |
| --- |
| Leicester City (1) |
| Swansea Town (2) |
|

## Second round

### Ties

| Home Team | Score | Away Team | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Barnsley (3) | 1–3 | **Workington** (4) | 09-10-1961 |
| Bristol Rovers (2) | 1–1 | Blackburn Rovers (1) | 02-10-1961 |
| Bury (2) | 3–4 | **Hull City** (3) | 03-10-1961 |
| **Charlton Athletic** (2) | 4–1 | Stoke City (2) | 04-10-1961 |
| **Leeds United** (2) | 3–2 | Huddersfield Town (2) | 04-10-1961 |
| Leyton Orient (2) | 1–1 | Blackpool (1) | 04-10-1961 |
| Luton Town (2) | 0–0 | Rotherham United (2) | 04-10-1961 |
| Mansfield Town (4) | 1–1 | Cardiff City (1) | 05-10-1961 |
| **Middlesbrough** (2) | 3–1 | Crewe Alexandra (4) | 04-10-1961 |
| **Norwich City** (2) | 3–2 | Lincoln City (3) | 04-10-1961 |
| Portsmouth (3) | 1–1 | Derby County (2) | 04-10-1961 |
| **Preston North End** (2) | 3–1 | Swindon Town (3) | 09-10-1961 |
| Queens Park Rangers (3) | 1–2 | **Nottingham Forest** (1) | 11-10-1961 |
| **Rochdale** (4) | 4–0 | Doncaster Rovers (4) | 04-10-1961 |
| Sheffield United (1) | 2–2 | Newcastle United (2) | 02-10-1961 |
| Shrewsbury Town (3) | 1–3 | **Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic** (3) | 09-10-1961 |
| **Sunderland** (2) | 5–2 | Walsall (2) | 04-10-1961 |
| Swansea Town (2) | 3–3 | Ipswich Town (1) | 03-10-1961 |
| **Watford** (3) | 3–1 | Reading (3) | 16-10-1961 |
| West Ham United (1) | 1–3 | **Aston Villa** (1) | 09-10-1961 |
| **York City** (4) | 2–1 | Leicester City (1) | 09-10-1961 |
|

### Replays

| Home Team | Score | Away Team | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Blackburn Rovers** (1) | 4–0 | Bristol Rovers (2) | 16-10-1961 |
| **Blackpool** (1) | 5–1 | Leyton Orient (2) | 30-10-1961 |
| **Cardiff City** (1) | 2–1 | Mansfield Town (4) | 23-10-1961 |
| Derby County (2) | 2–4 | **Portsmouth** (3) | 01-11-1961 |
| **Ipswich Town** (1) | 3–2 | Swansea Town (2) | 24-10-1961 |
| Newcastle United (2) | 0–2 | **Sheffield United** (1) | 11-10-1961 |
| **Rotherham United** (2) | 2–0 | Luton Town (2) | 10-10-1961 |
|

## Third round

### Ties

| Home Team | Score | Away Team | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Aston Villa (1) | 2–3 | **Ipswich Town** (1) | 21-11-1961 |
| **Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic** (3) | 3–0 | Cardiff City (1) | 15-11-1961 |
| **Norwich City** (2) | 3–2 | Middlesbrough (2) | 15-11-1961 |
| Nottingham Forest (1) | 1–2 | **Blackburn Rovers** (1) | 14-11-1961 |
| Preston North End (2) | 0–0 | Rotherham United (2) | 14-11-1961 |
| **Rochdale** (4) | 1–0 | Charlton Athletic (2) | 14-11-1961 |
| **Sheffield United** (1) | 1–0 | Portsmouth (3) | 13-11-1961 |
| **Sunderland** (2) | 2–1 | Hull City (3) | 15-11-1961 |
| Workington (4) | 0–1 | **Blackpool** (1) | 15-11-1961 |
| York City (4) | 1–1 | Watford (3) | 15-11-1961 |
|

### Replays

| Home Team | Score | Away Team | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Rotherham United** (2) | 3–0 | Preston North End (2) | 28-11-1961 |
| Watford (3) | 2–2 | York City (4) | 21-11-1961 |
|

### 2nd Replay

| Home Team | Score | Away Team | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **York City** (4) | 3–2 | Watford (3) | 04-12-1961 |
|

### Bye

| Team |
| --- |
| Leeds United (2) |
|

## Fourth round

### Ties

| Home Team | Score | Away Team | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Blackburn Rovers** (1) | 4–1 | Ipswich Town (1) | 11-12-1961 |
| Rotherham United (2) | 1–1 | Leeds United (2) | 12-12-1961 |
| **York City** (4) | 1–0 | Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic (3) | 13-12-1961 |
|

### Replay

| Home Team | Score | Away Team | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Leeds United (1) | 1–2 | **Rotherham United** (2) | 15-01-1962 |
|

### Byes

| Team |
| --- |
| Blackpool (1) |
| Norwich City (2) |
| Rochdale (4) |
| Sheffield United (1) |
| Sunderland (2) |
|

## Fifth round

### Ties

| Home Team | Score | Away Team | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Blackpool (1) | 0–0 | Sheffield United (1) | 06-02-1962 |
| **Rochdale** (4) | 2–1 | York City (4) | 07-02-1962 |
| Rotherham United (2) | 0–1 | **Blackburn Rovers** (1) | 06-02-1962 |
| Sunderland (2) | 1–4 | **Norwich City** (2) | 07-02-1962 |
|

### Replay

| Home Team | Score | Away Team | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sheffield United (1) | 0–2 | **Blackpool** (1) | 27-03-1962 |
|

## Semi-finals

### First leg

| Home Team | Score | Away Team | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Rochdale** (4) | 3–1 | Blackburn Rovers (1) | 19-03-1962 |
| **Norwich City** (2) | 4–1 | Blackpool (1) | 11-04-1962 |
|

### Second leg

| Home Team | Score | Away Team | Date | Agg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Blackburn Rovers** (1) | 2–1 | Rochdale (4) | 04-04-1962 | 3–4 |
| **Blackpool** (1) | 2–0 | Norwich City (2) | 16-04-1962 | 3–4 |
|

## Final

The final was played over two legs. The first leg was held at Spotland, Rochdale on 26 April 1962, and the second leg was held at Carrow Road, Norwich, on 1 May 1962.

| **Rochdale** (4) | 0–3 | Norwich City (2) |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Summary |  |

Spotland, RochdaleAttendance: 11,123Referee: A. Holland

**Rochdale**: Burgin — Milburn, Winton, Bodell, Aspden, James Thompson, Wragg, Hepton, Bimpson, Cairns, Whitaker.

**Norwich City**: Kennon — McCrohan, Ashman, Burton, Barry Butler, Mullett, Mannion, Lythgoe, Scott, James Hill, Punton.

| Norwich City (2) | 1–0 | **Rochdale** (4) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hill | Summary |  |

Carrow Road, Norwich CityAttendance: 19,708Referee: R.H. Mann

**Norwich City**: Kennon — McCrohan, Ashman, Burton, Barry Butler, Mullett, Mannion, Lythgoe, Scott, James Hill, Punton.

**Rochdale**: Burgin — Milburn, Winton, Bodell, Aspden, James Thompson, Whyke, Joe Richardson, Bimpson, Cairns, Whitaker.

***Norwich City**  won the League Cup final 4–0 on aggregate.*

1. "Results from Soccerbase". Archived from the original on 4 May 2008. Retrieved 5 March 2010.
2. *Rothmans Football Yearbook 1970–71, p. 605*.
3. After Extra Time
4. "Finals Summary". Retrieved 20 March 2010.

## InfoBox

1961–62 League Cup
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | England
Wales |
| Teams | 82 |
| Defending champions | Aston Villa |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | **Norwich City** |
| Runner-up | Rochdale |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 104 |
|  | |


title: Erik Quisling

abstract: Erik Quisling is an American author, musician, filmmaker and entrepreneur. He has two children, Sofia Quisling and Gunnar Quisling. He and his wife Adriana Quisling have been married since 2005. They currently reside in Rancho Santa Fe, California.

text:
# Erik Quisling

**Erik Quisling** (born 1971) is an American author, musician, filmmaker and entrepreneur. He has two children, Sofia Quisling and Gunnar Quisling. He and his wife Adriana Quisling have been married since 2005. They currently reside in Rancho Santa Fe, California.

## Career

After graduating from UCLA in 1993 with a degree in economics, Quisling wrote and illustrated his first book, *The Angry Clam*, published by Grand Central Publishing (formerly Warner Books), an imprint of Hachette Book Group in 1998. Quisling then produced the documentary *Welcome to the Rainbow*, a portrait of legendary rock and roll nightclubs in Los Angeles: the Whisky a Go Go, the Roxy Theatre, and the Rainbow Bar & Grill. Featuring rock legends Ozzy Osbourne, Robbie Krieger, Lemmy Kilmister, and more, the film premiered in Los Angeles in January 2000.

With his *Welcome to the Rainbow* producing partner and fellow writer Austin Williams (*Crimson Orgy*, *The Platinum Loop*), Quisling co-authored *Straight Whisky: A Living History of Sex, Drugs, and Rock ‘n’ Roll on the Sunset Strip*, a book expanding on the content of the film. *Straight Whisky* was published in 2003 by Bonus Books. It is now being reprinted by Taylor Trade Publishing.

Quisling is also the author of *Fables from the Mud*, published by Borderlands Press. His most recent book, *Effortless: A Simple Guide to Living the Life You Truly Want*, was published in 2020.

As a musician, Quisling composed and recorded, The Immortal Poets, a collection of songs using the poems of world-renowned poets, originally released under a label. Quisling was also part of the duo Thin Black Line with Jeremy Penick, a California country rock band. Thin Black Line released their eponymous debut album in October 2013. The album features hick-hop rebel country music stars Moonshine Bandits on the track "All the Crazy People".

Erik Quisling is an entrepreneur, owning and operating several business ventures, and is widely known as The Barcode Guru. In 1999, he launched Buyabarcode.com. He is also the founder of TheBarcodeRegistry.com, a global source for barcode ownership verification. On March 8, 2022, TheBarcodeRegistry.com was featured by Amazon in a case study about the use of Artificial Intelligence for the purposes of detecting counterfeit products. Erik, along with his business partner James Shields, is also the founder of the North American Cannabis Registry (NACR) - a tech company dedicated to identifying illegal products, dispensaries, and delivery drivers in the cannabis industry. He also operates Upaya House, an independent publisher of fiction and non-fiction books and music.


title: 2018 in stand-up comedy

text:
# 2018 in stand-up comedy

This is a timeline documenting events and facts about stand-up comedy in the year 2018.

## Releases

### January

### February

### March

### April

### May

### July

* July 13: Jim Jefferies' special *This is Me Now* is released on Netflix.
* July 13: Jim Gaffigan's special *Noble Ape* debuts in theaters and various digital platforms including iTunes, Amazon, Google Play, Dish TV and Verizon.
* July 24: Iliza Shlesinger's special *Elder Millennial* is released on Netflix.
* July 28: Stewart Lee's special *Content Provider* is first broadcast on BBC Two.

### August

### September

* September 11: Daniel Sloss's two specials *Dark* and *Jigsaw* are released on Netflix.
* September 18: D. L. Hughley: *Contrarian* is released on Netflix.

### October

* October 2: Joe Rogan's special *Strange Times* is released on Netflix.
* October 16: Ron White's special *If You Quit Listening, I'll Shut Up* is released on Netflix.

### November

* November 20: Trevor Noah's special *Trevor Noah: Son of Patricia* is released on Netflix.

### December

## InfoBox

| Years in stand-up comedy | |
| --- | --- |
| 2015 2016 2017 **2018** 2019 2020 2021 2022 | |


title: Balambika

abstract: Balambika (Deity) is a goddess of the Hindu religion, usually found in South India. Her name means "Goddess Of Knowledge", or "Child Goddess". Balambika's description appears in her sacred text the Balambika Dasakam. She is also pictured as having four arms and a red circle on each palm. She holds a sacred textbook and a japamala with two of her arms. Balambika is considered a child, and acts as one, but is said to bring true knowledge, education, wisdom, power and prosperity for a better life. She is sometimes called the goddess of children, and therefore, her temple was constructed to be devoted to children.

text:
# Balambika

**Balambika (Deity)** (also known as "Bala") is a goddess of the Hindu religion, usually found in South India. Her name means "Goddess Of Knowledge", or "Child Goddess".

Balambika's description appears in her sacred text the Balambika Dasakam. She is also pictured as having four arms and a red circle on each palm. She holds a sacred textbook and a japamala with two of her arms. Balambika is considered a child, and acts as one, but is said to bring true knowledge, education, wisdom, power and prosperity for a better life. She is sometimes called the goddess of children, and therefore, her temple was constructed to be devoted to children.

## Moolamantram

“Aiym Kleem Sow. Sow, Kleem, Aiym. Aiym, Kleem, Sow."

"Aiym" stands for learning.

"Kleem" stands for magnetic attraction.

"Sow" stands for prosperity.

This simple three word moolamantram is considered to be the solution to all modern worldly problems. When you chant this moolamantram, Balambika is said to instantly be around you. When you recite her name, "Bala," she will be listening to what you say at all times.

## Temple

Balambika has a temple in Kamarasavalli in Ariyalur district of Tamil Nadu. It is around 1000–2000 years old. There are sculptures on the walls that show the story of Karkodga performing Shiva Puja (Worship of God Shiva) with Lord Vinayaka and Nandi. It is said that people of the Cancer zodiac sign should pray here for relief.

Festivals celebrated:

| Festival | Time |
| --- | --- |
| Pradoshams | Monthly |
| Tamil New Years Day | April 14 |
| Aadi Pooram | July–August |
| Vinayaka Chaturthi | August–September |
| Navarathri | September–October |
| Aipasi Annabishekam | October–November |
| Margazhi Tiruvadhirai | December–January |

## Sacred text

Her sacred text that describes her is called the Balambika Dasakam. This text uses the phrase "Who is" or "Whose is" to describe Balambika or what she has. Every line also begins with "Please shower a merciful glance at me, Oh Balambika." Originally written in Sanskrit, it was translated below by P.R.Ramachander:

> 1.Velathi langya karune vibhudhendra vandhye, Leela vinirmitha charachara hrun nivase, Mala kirreeta mani kundala madithange, Balambike mai nidehi Krupakadaksham.
>
> Please shower a merciful glance at me, Oh Balambika, Who is blessed with limitless mercy and saluted by the Lord of heaven, Who lives in the heart of moving and non moving things , who weremade by her as a sport, And who is decorated by garlands , crown and gem studded ear globes.
>
> 2.Kanjasanadhi mani manju kireeta koti, Prathyuptha rathna ruchiranchitha pada padme, Manjeera manjula vinirjitha hamsa naadhe, Balambike mai nidehi Krupakadaksham.
>
> Please shower a merciful glance at me, Oh Balambika, Who sits on a golden throne and wears a crown studded with billions of gems, And wears on her very pretty lotus like feet, Anklets filled with gems making a sound ,which is better than the swan song.
>
> 3.Praaleya bhanu kalikaa kalithathi ramye, Padagra javali vinirjitha moukthikabhe, Praneswari pramadha loka pathe pragadbhe, Balambike mai nidehi Krupakadaksham.
>
> Please shower a merciful glance at me, Oh Balambika, Whose is prettier than the snow , the moon and the flower bud, Whose anklets emit a shine which beats the luster of pearls, Who is the expert and who is the queen of the king of Pramadhas.
>
> 4.Jangadhibhir vijitha chithaja thooni bhage, Rambhadhi mardhava kareendra karoru yugme, Shampa shathadhika sammujwala chela leele, Balambike mai nidehi Krupakadaksham.
>
> Please shower a merciful glance at me, Oh Balambika, Whose shanks are like the arrows starting from the quiver, Whose thighs are like the elephants trunk and beat in prettiness Rambha and other damsels, And whose attire is hundred times more resplendent than lightning.
>
> 5.Manikhya maulika vinirmitha mekhaladye, Maya vilagna vilasan mani patta bandhe, Lolambaraji vilasan nava roma jale, Balambike mai nidehi Krupakadaksham.
>
> Please shower a merciful glance at me, Oh Balambika, Who wears a girdle made of top quality rubies, Who shines in a mind entangling and has in her head gear made of jewels, Who shines in loose cloths and has new magical growth of hair.
>
> 6.Nyagrodha pallava thalodhara nimna naabhe, Nirdhootha haara vilasad kucha chakravake, Nishkaadhi manju mani bhooshana bhooshithange, Balambike mai nidehi Krupakadaksham.
>
> Please shower a merciful glance at me, Oh Balambika, Who has got a sunken navel, which appears like the river of sprouts of Banyan tree, Who has shining and moving garlands over her pretty breasts. And who wears ornaments of gold and gems over her body.
>
> 7.Kandharpa chapa madha banga kruthadhi ramye, Broo vallari vividha cheshtitha ramya maane, Kandharpa sodhara samakruthi phaladese, Balambike mai nidehi Krupakadaksham.
>
> Please shower a merciful glance at me, Oh Balambika, Who is so pretty that she defeats the pride of the bow of God of love, Who quivers her eye brows in a very pretty manner, And whose forehead has a form which makes one conclude that it is brother of God of love.
>
> 8.Mukthavali vilasa dhoorjitha kambhu kande, Mandasamithanana vinijitha chandra Bimbe, Bhaktheshta dhana niratha amrutha poorna drushte Balambike mai nidehi Krupakadaksham.
>
> Please shower a merciful glance at me, Oh Balambika, Whose pretty conch shaped neck and wears a gem studded necklace, Who wins with her pretty gentle smile on her moon like face, And who has a look full of nectar which satisfies the wishes of devotees.
>
> 9.Karnaa vilambi mani kundala ganda bhage , Karnaantha deerga nava neeraja pathra nethre, Swarnaaya khadhi guna moukthika shobhi naase, Balambike mai nidehi Krupakadaksham.
>
> Please shower a merciful glance at me, Oh Balambika, Whose gem studded ear stud hangs up to her neck, Who has a lotus leaf like eye extending up to the ears, And whose nose shines with a stud of pure gold and gem.
>
> 10.Lolaamba raji lalitha alaka jhala shobhe, Malli naveena kalika nava kundha jale, Balendu manjula kireeta virajamaane, Balambike mai nidehi Krupakadaksham.
>
> Please shower a merciful glance at me, Oh Balambika, Who shines with her pretty dangling hair and her dress, Whose hair is decorated with new buds of jasmine, And who shines with a crown decorated with a crescent.
>
> 11.Balambike Maha Rajni Vaidyanatha priyeswari, Pahi maam amba kripayaa thwath padam saranam gatha.
>
> Oh great queen Balambika, the darling of Vaidyanatha, Oh mother be kind enough to protect me, Who has taken refuge at your feet.


title: 1985 in Canadian television

text:
# 1985 in Canadian television

This is a list of Canadian television related events from 1985.

## Events

| Date | Event |
| --- | --- |
| March 5 | 6th Genie Awards. |
| | The final episode of the children's series *The Friendly Giant* airs on CBC Television. The show broadcast for more than 26 years and over 3000 episodes. |
| October 21 | Children's animated television series *The Raccoons* airs on CBC Television. |
| November 4 | Juno Awards of 1985. |
| December 5 | The first *Anne of Green Gables* movie airs on CBC Television. The movie draws big ratings. |

### Debuts

| Show | Station | Premiere Date |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Venture* | CBC Television | January 7 |
| *Fred Penner's Place* | | |
| *Midday* | | |
| *Check it Out!* | CTV | |
| *Night Heat* | | January 31 |
| *Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends* | Knowledge Network | September 13 |
| *The Raccoons* | CBC Television | October 21 |

### Ending this year

| Show | Station | Cancelled |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Reach for the Top* | CBC Television | March 7 |
| *The Friendly Giant* | | |
| *The Mad Dash* | CTV | |
| *Snow Job* | | |
| *The Littlest Hobo* | | |
| *Bizarre* | | September 10 |
| *Circus* | CTV | Unknown |
| *Smith & Smith* | CHCH | |

## Television shows

### 1950s

### 1960s

### 1970s

### 1980s

## TV movies

## InfoBox

| List of years in Canadian television |
| --- |
|  |
| *+...* |


title: Atlantia (novel)

abstract: Atlantia is a young adult novel authored by Allyson Braithwaite Condie. The cover photo for the hardcover edition is by C&P. The story is told from the perspective of Rio, a girl from the underwater city of Atlantia. This novel is recommended for ages 12 and up, and is a New York Times bestseller.

text:
# Atlantia (novel)

***Atlantia*** is a young adult novel authored by Allyson Braithwaite Condie. The cover photo for the hardcover edition is by C&P. The story is told from the perspective of Rio, a girl from the underwater city of Atlantia. This novel is recommended for ages 12 and up, and is a *New York Times* bestseller.

## Plot

The story begins when Rio attends the ceremony of the Divide. Initially, Rio wants to go aboveground, but she has promised her Below-loving twin sister, Bay, to remain in Atlantia, an artificial city built entirely underwater.

Rio completed the ritual before Bay, choosing to stay below, but Bay surprised Rio by choosing to go Above. In a panic, Rio accidentally revealed the siren voice she had hidden since birth to a priest, risking arrest, but she was able to leave without issue.

Rio searched desperately for an explanation for Bay's choice, eventually meeting her siren aunt, Maire, whom she last saw at her mother's funeral, and running away due to being engulfed in the memories of her late mother, Oceana. As she wept, she met True Beck, a boy whose best friend departed similarly to Bay, seeking a partner with whom to solve these mysteries Rio rejected his offer, and when she changed her mind, True was gone.

The next day, the Minister of Atlantia, Nevio, insisted that Rio would be best suited to work in the mining bays, sending her off to work there. When Rio finished her shift, Maire found her outside the temple and led her to the floodgates, where she explained to Rio that they could serve as an alternate path to the surface, as they did for Oceana. Maire gave Rio a seashell, in which she could ask questions and Maire would answer.

After her encounter with Maire, Rio went to the swimming lanes motivated to grow strong enough to go through the floodgates and to earn enough money to buy a pressurized air tank, but she found herself to be far less skilled than Bay.

After swimming, Rio went to the deep market to search for True, where she told him she changed her mind about working together. Nevio the Minister gave his sermon after the deep market closed early, leading Rio to discover his secret identity as a siren.

Several days later, Rio discovered her ability to command non-living objects using her siren voice, an ability unique to her and Maire. In a later discussion at Maire's apartment, Rio learned there had never been two sirens in a family until she was born.

The next day, True gave Rio money so she would not have to swim in the lanes, thinking Rio wanted to buy back her mother's ring. Rio disagreed, but accepted the money. When she was back in her room, she talked to Maire through the seashell. Maire told her that the Council poisoned her mother because she knew too much.

A breach drill was announced at work. Rio forgot her air mask, which she was supposed to carry all day. After a while, a siren voice over the loudspeakers told her this was a real breach.

As the minutes passed, no water rushed in. The breach in the deep market had been sealed off. There were no survivors.True revealed that he also heard Rio speak with her siren voice on the day of the Divide.

The next day, it was announced that group burials would be held, since the death toll was too high. Rio took this as a chance to go Above through the floodgates. However, she failed. The water was lowered, and she was caught.

Maire met Rio in her holding cell. She signalled for her to tell the public about her identity as a siren. Maire wanted Rio to help the Below. When Nevio entered the room, Rio decided to listen to Maire. She spoke using her real voice, knowing it was the only way to go Above.

Rio was permitted to go Above with the other sirens. Maire gave Rio a letter from Bay. Bay explained the reason she went Above: Sirens could not survive long Above. She left to keep Rio safe.

True was escorted into the transport just before it began to ascend. True revealed that he was not a siren, but he could tell when a siren is lying.

When Rio was Above, Maire told her how to escape. The sirens sang in harmony. The sirens were shot down one by one. Maire gave Rio a seashell with her mother's voice and gestured for her and True to escape.

Rio and True swam to the temple of the Above. Rio met Bay, Fen (True's best friend), and Ciro, the Above Minister. Bay told her about the miserable life Above for the people Below.

The next morning, Ciro entered the storage room True and Rio was hiding in. He confirmed the death of all the other sirens and told them about a showing of the sirens being held by Nevio and the Below Council. Rio decided to speak, too, at the viewing, despite the risk. Bay would descend Below with True and talk to the people there.

Rio woke up in the afternoon. Someone tried to unlock the door to the storage room. Bay and Fen hid in the back closet and locked it from the inside. Nevio and an Above Council member arrived. The temple bats were brought Above and into the storage room. Nevio opened the closet and dumped a dead Ciro and temple bat inside.

Rio made herself seen by Nevio. She spoke to the people Above. She was weakened by the Above, but when she was about to pass out, one of the bats came. Rio realized that the bats could provide her strength. She talked about Atlantia and the need to save the city. Hundreds of temple bats soared past Nevio to land on Rio. As the bats flew away, Rio felt the strength leave her.

When Rio woke up again, she was in the transport, going Below. Her speech worked. However, Rio has sacrificed her siren voice to the Above.

Later, Rio is with Bay, and notices that her siren voice is present again, but she is no longer afraid.

## Reception

*Atlantia* received reviews from the School Library Journal, Justine Magazine, Salt Lake City Weekly, and Shelf Awareness.

*Atlantia* was also reviewed by multiple noted authors, including Shannon Hale, who wrote, "“Utterly captivating. A heroine unlike any I’d met before, a setting I’d never glimpsed, a story I’d never imagined. Atlantia is fresh, wild, and engrossing. I love Ally Condie.”

## InfoBox

Atlantia
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Ally Condie |
| Cover artist | Theresa M. Evangelista |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Fantasy |
| Publisher | the Penguin Group |
| Publication date | 6 February 2014 |
| Publication place | the United States |
| Media type | Print (paperback & hardcover) |
| Pages | 298 |
| ISBN | 978-0-525-42644-8 (hardback) |
| LC Class | PZ |


title: 1958 British Saloon Car Championship

abstract: The 1958 BRSCC British Saloon Car Championship was the inaugural season of the championship. The series was open to four separate classes, up to 1200cc, 1201-1600cc, 1601-2700cc and 2701cc and above. Equal championship points were to be scored in each class, meaning any driver could win the championship without winning any races outright. The first ever round was actually held on 26 December 1957 at Brands Hatch. The final round of the year was held on 5 October back at Brands Hatch. Jack Sears and Tommy Sopwith ended the final race on the same number of championship points. With this a possibility going into the final round it was initially suggested the champion would be decided by the toss of a coin. The idea was very unpopular with both drivers, and it was decided two identical looking Marcus Chambers-owned Riley One-Point-Five works rally cars would be brought along for a five lap shoot-out. To make the race fair, they raced five laps, switched cars, then raced five laps again with the driver who had the quickest combined time being crowned champion. In extremely wet conditions, the first head to head was won by Sopwith by 2.2 seconds. The second race was won by Sears by 3.8 seconds. This meant that Sears was crowned the first ever BSCC champion.

text:
# 1958 British Saloon Car Championship

The **1958 BRSCC British Saloon Car Championship** was the inaugural season of the championship. The series was open to four separate classes, up to 1200cc, 1201-1600cc, 1601-2700cc and 2701cc and above. Equal championship points were to be scored in each class, meaning any driver could win the championship without winning any races outright. The first ever round was actually held on 26 December 1957 at Brands Hatch. The final round of the year was held on 5 October back at Brands Hatch.

Jack Sears and Tommy Sopwith ended the final race on the same number of championship points. With this a possibility going into the final round it was initially suggested the champion would be decided by the toss of a coin. The idea was very unpopular with both drivers, and it was decided two identical looking Marcus Chambers-owned Riley One-Point-Five works rally cars would be brought along for a five lap shoot-out. To make the race fair, they raced five laps, switched cars, then raced five laps again with the driver who had the quickest combined time being crowned champion. In extremely wet conditions, the first head to head was won by Sopwith by 2.2 seconds. The second race was won by Sears by 3.8 seconds. This meant that Sears was crowned the first ever BSCC champion.

## Calendar

Overall winners of multi-class races in **bold**.

| Round | | Circuit | Date | Class A Winner | Class B Winner | Class C Winner | Class D Winner |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | A | Brands Hatch, Kent | 7 April | John Sprinzel | *Not contested.* | **Jack Sears** | *Not contested.* |
| | | B | *Not contested.* | Alan Foster | *Not contested.* | **Tommy Sopwith** |
| NC | | Aintree Motor Racing Circuit, Liverpool | 19 April | *Unknown.* | Alan Foster | Peter Blond | **Gawaine Baillie** |
| 2 | A | Brands Hatch, Kent | 20 April | John Sprinzel | *Not contested.* | | |
| | | B | *Not contested.* | Tommy Bridger | *Not contested.* | |
| | | C | *Not contested.* | | Jack Sears | **Tommy Sopwith** |
| NC | | Silverstone Circuit, Northamptonshire | 3 May | Graham Hill | Les Leston | Jeff Uren | **Mike Hawthorn** |
| 3 | A | Mallory Park, Leicestershire | 11 May | John Sprinzel | *Not contested.* | | |
| | | B | *Not contested.* | Les Leston | Jeff Uren | **Gawaine Baillie** |
| 4 | A | Brands Hatch, Kent | 18 May | John Sprinzel | *Not contested.* | | |
| | | B | *Not contested.* | Tommy Bridger | Jack Sears | **Tommy Sopwith** |
| NC | | Goodwood Circuit, West Sussex | 26 May | John Sprinzel | Barney Everley | **Duncan Hamilton**1 | |
| 5 | A | Brands Hatch, Kent | 8 June | John Sprinzel | *Not contested.* | | |
| | | B | *Not contested.* | Tommy Bridger | Jack Sears | **Tommy Sopwith** |
| NC | | Snetterton Motor Racing Circuit, Norfolk | 29 June | John Sprinzel | Les Leston | Edgar Wadsworth | **Tommy Sopwith** |
| 6 | | Crystal Palace, London | 5 July | George 'Doc' Shepherd | Alan Foster | Jeff Uren | **Tommy Sopwith** |
| NC | | Silverstone Circuit, Northamptonshire | 19 July | Bob Gerard | Les Leston | Jack Sears | **Walt Hansgen** |
| 7 | | Brands Hatch, Kent | 4 August | John Sprinzel | Alan Foster | Jack Sears | **Tommy Sopwith** |
| 8 | | Brands Hatch, Kent | 30 August | George 'Doc' Shepherd | Les Leston | Jack Sears | **Tommy Sopwith** |
| 9 | | Brands Hatch, Kent | 5 October | George 'Doc' Shepherd | Les Leston | Jack Sears | **Tommy Sopwith** |
| NC | | Brands Hatch, Kent | 26 December | George 'Doc' Shepherd | Les Leston | Jeff Uren | **Gawaine Baillie** |

1Classes combined.

## Championship results

| Driver's championship | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pos. | Driver | Car | Team | Class | Points |
| 1 | Jack Sears | Austin A105 | Jack Sears | C | 48 |
| 2 | Tommy Sopwith | Jaguar 3.4 Litre | Equipe Endeavour | D | 48 |
| 3 | John Sprinzel | Austin A35 | Team Speedwell | A | 47 |
| 4 | Doc Shepherd | Austin A35 | Team Speedwell | A | 41 |
| 5 | Alan Foster | MG Magnette | Dick Jacobs | B | 40 |
| 6 | Jeff Uren | Jaguar 3.4 Litre
Ford Zephyr | Jeff Uren | C | 36 |


title: 1996–97 Danish Cup

abstract: The 1996–97 Danish Cup was the 43rd season of the Danish Cup, the highest football competition in Denmark. The final was played on 8 May 1997.

text:
# 1996–97 Danish Cup

The **1996–97 Danish Cup** was the 43rd season of the Danish Cup, the highest football competition in Denmark. The final was played on 8 May 1997.

## First round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **AC Horsens** | 11–0 | Nørre Broby BK |
| **Albertslund IF** | 3–3 (a.e.t.) (4–3 ) | Handelsstandes BK |
| Assens FC | 2–4 | **Dalum IF** |
| **B 1908** | 3–3 (a.e.t.) (4–2 ) | Skælskør B&I |
| **B 1913** | 2–0 | Lystrup IF |
| **B 67 Odense** | 4–3 | Grenaa IF |
| **IF Skjold Birkerød** | 2–0 | Roskilde BK |
| Døllefjelde-Musse IF | 1–3 | **Værløse BK** |
| Eskilstrup BK | 0–2 | **Virum/Sorgenfri BK** |
| **Haderslev FK** | 4–0 | Asaa BK |
| Hammerum IF | 1–1 (a.e.t.) (6–7 ) | **Vejgaard BSK** |
| **Glostrup IF 32** | 3–0 | Vanløse IF |
| Kløvermarkens fB | 0–4 | **Holbæk B&I** |
| **Knudsker IF** | 4–2 | Vordingborg IF |
| **Kolding IF** | 2–1 | Thisted FC |
| **Nakskov BK** | 4–3 (a.e.t.) | Nykøbing FA |
| **OKS** | 3–1 | Dragør BK |
| **Politiets IF** | 3–2 (a.e.t.) | IF Skjold Skævinge |
| **Rishøj BK** | 4–0 | Sorø IF Freja |
| **Skive IK** | 10–0 | Tarm IF |
| **IK Skovbakken** | 3–2 | Herning KFUM |
| **Tved BK** | 6–1 | Randers Freja |
| Tønder SF | 0–2 | **Frederikshavn fI** |
| Tårnby BK | 2–4 (a.e.t.) | **Stenløse BK** |
| BK Union | 1–6 | **Helsingør IF** |
| **Valby BK** | 4–2 | Hagested IF |
| Varde IF | 3–4 | **Nørresundby BK** |
| Vedbæk BK | 1–5 (a.e.t.) | **BK Frem** |
| **Vejle BK** | 1–1 (a.e.t.) (5–4 ) | Odder IGF |
| Aalborg Chang | 2–6 | **Aarhus Fremad** |
| Aalborg Freja | 2–3 | **Vejen SF** |
| **Aars IK** | 5–1 | Billund IF |

## Second round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **BK Avarta** | 4–1 | B 1908 |
| **B 1909** | 4–0 | AC Horsens |
| **BK Frem** | 7–2 | OKS |
| Haderslev FK | 0–3 | **Dalum IF** |
| **Holstebro BK** | 4–0 | Nørre Aaby IK |
| Glostrup IF 32 | 1–1 (a.e.t.) (1–3 ) | **Nakskov BK** |
| Knudsker IF | 0–3 | **Hellerup IK** |
| **Kolding IF** | 3–2 | Aars IK |
| **Køge BK** | 1–1 (a.e.t.) (3–2 ) | Helsingør IF |
| Nørresundby BK | 2–2 (a.e.t.) (3–4 ) | **B 1913** |
| **Politiets IF** | 5–1 | Stenløse BK |
| Rishøj BK | 1–3 | **Ølstykke FC** |
| IK Skovbakken | 2–2 (a.e.t.) (3–5 ) | **Frederikshavn fI** |
| Valby BK | 0–6 | **IF Skjold Birkerød** |
| **Vejen SF** | 5–2 (a.e.t.) | FC Fredericia |
| **Vejgaard BSK** | 10–1 | B 67 Odense |
| Vejle BK | 2–3 | **Skive IK** |
| **Virum/Sorgenfri BK** | 5–3 (a.e.t.) | Holbæk B&I |
| **Værløse BK** | 3–1 | Albertslund IF |
| **Aarhus Fremad** | 8–3 | Tved BK |

## Third round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **AB** | 5–1 | Værløse BK |
| **BK Avarta** | 3–2 (a.e.t.) | Køge BK |
| **B.93** | 3–2 (a.e.t.) | IF Skjold Birkerød |
| B 1909 | 0–4 | **Kolding IF** |
| Esbjerg fB | 0–2 | **B 1913** |
| **BK Frem** | 3–1 | Hellerup IK |
| Holstebro BK | 3–2 | **Aarhus Fremad** |
| Nakskov BK | 1–2 | **Herning Fremad** |
| Politiets IF | 0–3 | **Brønshøj BK** |
| **Skive IK** | 4–0 | Vejen SF |
| **Svendborg fB** | 6–1 | Frederikshavn fI |
| **Vejgaard BSK** | 1–1 (a.e.t.) (6–5 ) | Dalum IF |
| Virum/Sorgenfri BK | 0–1 | **Hvidovre IF** |
| **Ølstykke FC** | 2–0 | Fremad Amager |

## Fourth round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **AB** | 1–0 | Svendborg fB |
| BK Avarta | 0–1 | **Herfølge BK** |
| **B.93** | 1–1 (a.e.t.) (5–3 ) | Vejgaard BSK |
| **B 1913** | 3–2 (a.e.t.) | Skive IK |
| Brønshøj BK | 0–1 | **BK Frem** |
| **Holstebro BK** | 1–0 | Viborg FF |
| Hvidovre IF | 1–2 (a.e.t.) | **F.C. Copenhagen** |
| **Ikast FS** | 1–0 | Herning Fremad |
| Kolding IF | 1–1 (a.e.t.) (4–5 ) | **Ølstykke FC** |
| Næstved BK | 1–2 | **Vejle BK** |

## Fifth round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| B 1913 | 0–4 | **Silkeborg IF** |
| B.93 | 2–3 | **Herfølge BK** |
| Holstebro BK | 2–4 | **F.C. Copenhagen** |
| Lyngby BK | 0–4 | **Ikast FS** |
| **Odense BK** | 6–1 | AGF |
| Vejle BK | 1–5 (a.e.t.) | **Brøndby IF** |
| **AaB** | 2–0 | BK Frem |
| Ølstykke FC | 2–3 | **AB** |

## Quarter-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| AB | 0–1 | **F.C. Copenhagen** |
| **Ikast FS** | 1–0 | Odense BK |
| AaB | 0–3 | **Brøndby IF** |
| Herfølge BK | 4–4 (a.e.t.) (3–4 ) | **Silkeborg IF** |

## Semi-finals

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Silkeborg IF | 2–3 | **F.C. Copenhagen** | 1–1 | 1–2 |
| **Ikast FS** | 3–2 | Brøndby IF | 2–2 | 1–0 |

## Final

| F.C. Copenhagen | 2–0 | Ikast FS |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hemmingsen  72'<br>Nielsen  82' | Report |  |

Parken Stadium, CopenhagenAttendance: 17,368Referee: Knud Stadsgaard

## InfoBox

1996–97 Danish Cup
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Denmark |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | F.C. Copenhagen |
| Runner-up | Ikast FC |
|  | |


title: 2008 GP2 Series

abstract: The 2008 GP2 Series season was the forty-second season of the second-tier of Formula One feeder championship and also fourth season under the GP2 Series moniker. It began on 26 April at Montmeló, Spain and it finished on 14 September at Monza, Italy. This is the first season using a new car design to be used during the following 3 seasons. The series was won by Giorgio Pantano.

text:
# 2008 GP2 Series

The **2008 GP2 Series season** was the forty-second season of the second-tier of Formula One feeder championship and also fourth season under the GP2 Series moniker. It began on 26 April at Montmeló, Spain and it finished on 14 September at Monza, Italy. This is the first season using a new car design to be used during the following 3 seasons. The series was won by Giorgio Pantano.

## Season summary

The fourth GP2 Series season started in Circuit de Catalunya. Pastor Maldonado took first pole position of the season, but he couldn't use the advantage after a very bad start. Alvaro Parente won in his debut race in the series. In the sprint race, Romain Grosjean was heading for victory until late-race safety car. When the safety car went back to the pits, Grosjean straight-lined the chicane and lost momentum. He then blocked Kamui Kobayashi, receiving drive through penalty. Kobayashi won the race while Grosjean was left without points.

At Turkey, Giorgio Pantano won from pole in the feature race. Grosjean won the sprint race which included several incidents on the first lap, as well as two stray dogs on the track. One of them was hit by Bruno Senna whose car was damaged and he had to retire. Luckily Senna escaped without injury. Senna then won at Monaco, on the track where his uncle Ayrton had won six times. In the sprint race, which was held for the first time in Monaco, Mike Conway was victorious. He was heading for third place in feature race before being punted off by Javier Villa on the final lap. He was lucky in the event, as only eight drivers were unlapped, so he ended in eight and therefore for the pole in the sprint.

Magny-Cours feature race was won by Pantano after Grosjean and Senna suffered mechanical retirements. The sprint race started on damp track and few drivers gambled starting with slicks. This worked well for Arden drivers, as Sébastien Buemi won from 21st on the grid. His teammate Yelmer Buurman was second. At Silverstone Pantano won the feature again, and wet sprint race was dominated by Senna.

At Hockenheim Grosjean finished first on the road, but he was later penalized for overtaking under yellow flag, giving Pantano third straight feature race victory. Karun Chandhok won the sprint race from pole. At Hungaroring, Lucas di Grassi who had returned to GP2 in Magny-Cours, won the feature race, while Buemi won the sprint after polesitter Andy Soucek made a small mistake.

The feature race at Valencia ended in dramatic fashion. Pantano was on road for victory before he ran out of fuel on the final lap. Several other drivers suffered same fate, including Senna who could get his car over the finish line but in 9th place. Vitaly Petrov inherited the win. Pantano recovered well in sprint race to take third place while Senna crashed out. di Grassi was the winner.

With four races to go, Pantano led by 13 points on Senna and 20 on di Grassi. Senna took the pole in Spa, but his race was destroyed by drive through penalty for unsafe release by the team in his pit stop. Pantano suffered mechanical glitch during safety car and was dropped to back of the field. He was recovering until he collided with di Grassi on the final lap. Pantano was disqualified for the race and also excluded from the sprint. Grosjean won the feature while Maldonado took his first victory of the season in the sprint, overtaking Jérôme d'Ambrosio on the final lap.

Pantano got perfect start for final weekend with pole, therefore knocking di Grassi out from the championship hunt. A race started in wet conditions and mandatory pit stop was done as late as possible, as the track was ready for slicks. di Grassi won while Pantano ended in 10th after drive through penalty for crossing white line at the pit exit. It didn't matter much: while Senna couldn't finish better than 5th, Pantano clinched the title with one race to go. The sprint race was held in wet conditions as well and won by polesitter Davide Valsecchi.

## Teams and drivers

All of the teams used the Dallara GP2/08 chassis with Renault-badged 4.0 litre (244 cu in) naturally-aspirated Mecachrome V8 engines order and with tyres supplied by Bridgestone. On 19 October 2007, it was announced that the same 13 teams which took part in 2007 would continue into 2008.

| Team | No. | Driver name | Rounds |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| iSport International | 1 | Karun Chandhok | All |
| | 2 | Bruno Senna | All |
| ART Grand Prix | 3 | Luca Filippi | 1–5 |
| | | Sakon Yamamoto | 6–10 |
| | 4 | Romain Grosjean | All |
| Barwa International Campos Team | 5 | Vitaly Petrov | All |
| | 6 | Ben Hanley | 1–3 |
| | Lucas di Grassi | 4–10 |
| Super Nova Racing | 7 | Christian Bakkerud | 1, 3 |
| | | Andy Soucek | 2, 4–10 |
| | 8 | Álvaro Parente | All |
| DAMS | 9 | Jérôme d'Ambrosio | All |
| | 10 | Kamui Kobayashi | All |
| Racing Engineering | 11 | Javier Villa | All |
| | 12 | Giorgio Pantano | All |
| Trust Team Arden | 14 | Sébastien Buemi | All |
| | 15 | Yelmer Buurman | 1–5 |
| | Luca Filippi | 6–10 |
| Durango | 16 | Davide Valsecchi | 1–2, 5–10 |
| | | Marcello Puglisi | 3 |
| | | Ben Hanley | 4 |
| | 17 | Alberto Valerio | All |
| Fisichella Motor Sport International | 18 | Roldán Rodríguez | All |
| | 19 | Adrián Vallés | 1 |
| | Adam Carroll | 2–3 |
| | Marko Asmer | 4–10 |
| Trident Racing | 20 | Mike Conway | All |
| | 21 | Ho-Pin Tung | All |
| Piquet Sports | 22 | Andreas Zuber | All |
| | 23 | Pastor Maldonado | All |
| DPR | 24 | Giacomo Ricci | 1–2 |
| | | Andy Soucek | 3 |
| | | Michael Herck | 4–10 |
| | 25 | Diego Nunes | All |
| BCN Competición | 26 | Paolo Maria Nocera | 1 |
| | | Adrián Vallés | 2–10 |
| | 27 | Miloš Pavlović | 1–3 |
| | Carlos Iaconelli | 4–10 |

## Calendar

The original calendar was released on 25 March 2008 and had a standalone event on the 31 May – 1 June at the Valencia's Ricardo Tormo circuit. However, on the 18 April 2008, it was confirmed that a deal had been agreed for a GP2 event to run alongside the new European GP at the Valencia Street Circuit instead of the original date at the Ricardo Tormo circuit. Also, for the first time in the history of GP2, two races were held at Monaco. All of the races supported the Formula One Grands Prix indicated by the relevant flags, except the round at Valencia which supported the 2008 European Grand Prix.

| Round | | Location | Circuit | Date | Time | | Tyres | Supporting |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Local | | | | UTC || |
| 1 | F | Montmeló, Spain | Circuit de Catalunya | 26 April | 16:00 | 14:00 | Hard | Spanish Grand Prix |
| | | S | 27 April | 10:30 | | | 08:30 |
| 2 | F | Istanbul, Turkey | Istanbul Park | 10 May | 16:00 | 13:00 | Hard | Turkish Grand Prix |
| | | S | 11 May | 11:30 | | | 08:30 |
| 3 | F | Monte Carlo, Monaco | Circuit de Monaco | 23 May | 11:15 | 09:15 | Super Soft | Monaco Grand Prix |
| | | S | 24 May | 16:00 | | | 14:00 |
| 4 | F | Magny-Cours, France | Circuit de Magny-Cours | 21 June | 16:00 | 14:00 | Medium | French Grand Prix |
| | | S | 22 June | 10:30 | | | 08:30 |
| 5 | F | Silverstone, Great Britain | Silverstone Circuit | 5 July | 15:00 | 14:00 | Medium | British Grand Prix |
| | | S | 6 July | 09:30 | | | 08:30 |
| 6 | F | Hockenheim, Germany | Hockenheimring | 19 July | 16:00 | 14:00 | Medium | German Grand Prix |
| | | S | 20 July | 10:30 | | | 08:30 |
| 7 | F | Mogyoród, Hungary | Hungaroring | 2 August | 16:00 | 14:00 | Medium | Hungarian Grand Prix |
| | | S | 3 August | 10:30 | | | 08:30 |
| 8 | F | Valencia, Spain | Valencia Street Circuit | 23 August | 16:00 | 14:00 | Medium | European Grand Prix |
| | | S | 24 August | 10:30 | | | 08:30 |
| 9 | F | Stavelot, Belgium | Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps | 6 September | 16:00 | 14:00 | Medium | Belgian Grand Prix |
| | | S | 7 September | 10:30 | | | 08:30 |
| 10 | F | Monza, Italy | Autodromo Nazionale Monza | 13 September | 16:00 | 14:00 | Medium | Italian Grand Prix |
| | | S | 14 September | 10:30 | | | 08:30 |

The following rounds were included on the provisional calendars published by the FIA but were cancelled:

| Round | Location | Circuit | Date | Supporting |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| F | Cheste, Spain | Circuit Ricardo Tormo | 31 May | Stand-alone event |
| | | S | | 1 June |

## Results

| Round | | Circuit | Pole Position | Fastest Lap | Winning Driver | Winning Team | Report |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | F | Circuit de Catalunya | Pastor Maldonado | Adrián Vallés | Álvaro Parente | Super Nova Racing | Report |
| | S |  | Romain Grosjean | Kamui Kobayashi | | DAMS |
| 2 | F | Istanbul Park | Giorgio Pantano | Andreas Zuber | Giorgio Pantano | Racing Engineering | Report |
| | S |  | Romain Grosjean | Romain Grosjean | | ART Grand Prix |
| 3 | F | Circuit de Monaco | Pastor Maldonado | Bruno Senna | Bruno Senna | iSport International | Report |
| | S |  | Andreas Zuber | Mike Conway | | Trident Racing |
| 4 | F | Circuit de Magny-Cours | Bruno Senna | Giorgio Pantano | Giorgio Pantano | Racing Engineering | Report |
| | S |  | Kamui Kobayashi | Sébastien Buemi | | Trust Team Arden |
| 5 | F | Silverstone Circuit | Bruno Senna | Giorgio Pantano | Giorgio Pantano | Racing Engineering | Report |
| | S |  | Pastor Maldonado | Bruno Senna | | iSport International |
| 6 | F | Hockenheimring | Giorgio Pantano | Giorgio Pantano | Giorgio Pantano | Racing Engineering | Report |
| | S |  | Kamui Kobayashi | Karun Chandhok | | iSport International |
| 7 | F | Hungaroring | Romain Grosjean | Romain Grosjean | Lucas di Grassi | Barwa International Campos Team | Report |
| | S |  | Lucas di Grassi | Sébastien Buemi | | Trust Team Arden |
| 8 | F | Valencia Street Circuit | Giorgio Pantano | Giorgio Pantano | Vitaly Petrov | Barwa International Campos Team | Report |
| | S |  | Lucas di Grassi | Lucas di Grassi | | Barwa International Campos Team |
| 9 | F | Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps | Bruno Senna | Romain Grosjean | Romain Grosjean | ART Grand Prix | Report |
| | S |  | Pastor Maldonado | Pastor Maldonado | | Piquet Sports |
| 10 | F | Autodromo Nazionale Monza | Giorgio Pantano | Mike Conway | Lucas di Grassi | Barwa International Campos Team | Report |
| | S |  | Andy Soucek | Davide Valsecchi | | Durango |

## Championship standings

Scoring system

Points are awarded to the top 8 classified finishers in the Feature race, and to the top 6 classified finishers in the Sprint race. The pole-sitter in the feature race will also receive two points, and one point is given to the driver who set the fastest lap inside the top ten in both the feature and sprint races. No extra points are awarded to the pole-sitter in the sprint race.

Feature race points

| Position | **1st** | **2nd** | **3rd** | **4th** | **5th** | **6th** | **7th** | **8th** | **Pole** | **FL** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Points | 10 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 |

Sprint race points

Points are awarded to the top 6 classified finishers.

| Position | **1st** | **2nd** | **3rd** | **4th** | **5th** | **6th** | **FL** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Points | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 |

### Drivers' Championship

| Pos Driver CAT
 IST
 MON
 MAG
 SIL
 HOC
 HUN
 VAL
 SPA
 MNZ
 Points  1  Giorgio Pantano 4 3 **1** 4 Ret Ret *1* Ret *1* 3 ***1*** Ret 14 5 **14** 3 DSQ EX **10** *5* **76**  2  Bruno Senna 2 4 15 Ret *1* 5 **Ret** 5 **6** 1 4 3 3 3 9 Ret **11** Ret 5 8 **64**  3  Lucas di Grassi       2 4 2 2 5 Ret 1 *10* 4 *1* 20† 5 1 11 **63**  4  Romain Grosjean 5 13 2 *1* Ret 10 Ret Ret 5 8 2 4 **17** 12 3 Ret *1* 9 4 3 **62**  5  Pastor Maldonado **12** Ret Ret Ret **2** Ret 3 7 Ret 15† 6 17 *5* 18† *2* Ret 3 *1* *2* 4 **60**  6  Sébastien Buemi 7 2 6 3 Ret 11 Ret 1 4 DNS Ret *8* 7 1 6 Ret 5 4 3 7 **50**  7  Vitaly Petrov 6 Ret 5 2 Ret 15 4 18† 10 *5* Ret 11 Ret 9 1 15† 4 3 Ret Ret **39**  8  Álvaro Parente *1* 7 Ret 8 5 3 9 Ret 16 Ret 3 6 16 Ret 16† Ret 2 Ret Ret 12 **34**  9  Andreas Zuber 3 Ret *3* Ret 11 17 5 8 7 11 11† 2 2 7 Ret Ret DSQ Ret Ret 10 **32**  10  Karun Chandhok 9 Ret 4 12 3 Ret 7 Ret 3 Ret 8 1 4 DNS 15† Ret 10 7 11 Ret **31**  11  Jérôme d'Ambrosio Ret 15 Ret Ret 9 7 6 Ret 9 12 Ret 10 9 Ret 5 2 8 2 7 6 **21**  12  Mike Conway Ret 8 9 5 8† *1* 8 6 14 4 Ret 9 6 11 Ret 8 7 Ret 13 Ret **20**  13  Roldán Rodríguez Ret Ret 12 13 6 4 Ret 16 11 Ret 18† 15 19 Ret Ret 10 21† Ret 6 2 **14**  14  Andy Soucek   19 Ret 13 6 13 Ret 12 Ret 7 19 8 2 7 Ret 6 Ret 9 18 **14**  15  Davide Valsecchi 10 5 DNS DNS     19 6 Ret 13 Ret 13 NC 7 Ret 6 8 1 **11**  16  Kamui Kobayashi 8 *1* Ret 9 Ret Ret Ret *9* Ret 7 Ret 18 11 8 Ret 6 9 14 Ret 13 **10**  17  Javier Villa 14 6 7 15 14 13 14 10 13 Ret 10† 5 13 6 Ret 5 17 8 Ret EX **8**  18  Ho-Pin Tung Ret 14 11 Ret 7 2 Ret 14 18 Ret 13† 7 Ret 14 Ret 9 15 10 Ret 9 **7**  19  Luca Filippi 11 Ret 16 14 Ret 12 10 3 8 Ret Ret Ret 15 Ret 8 13 19 Ret 16 Ret **6**  20  Yelmer Buurman Ret 10 14 Ret 12 8 12 2 15 10           **5**  21  Adrián Vallés 18 11 10 Ret 4 16 15 12 22 14† 15 Ret Ret 19 11 Ret 13 13 WD WD **5**  22  Diego Nunes 15 16 13 10 15 9 11 Ret 17 Ret Ret 20 12 15 10 4 12 Ret Ret 16 **3**  23  Sakon Yamamoto           12† NC 10 4 Ret Ret 18 Ret Ret Ret **3**  24  Ben Hanley Ret 9 17 6 16 14 Ret Ret             **1**  25  Adam Carroll   8 Ret Ret Ret               **1**  26  Alberto Valerio 13 Ret 18 7 Ret Ret 18 17 21 9 9 14 DNS 17 Ret 12 Ret Ret 12 15 **0**  27  Christian Bakkerud Ret DNS   10 Ret               **0**  28  Carlos Iaconelli       16 13 DNS Ret 16 16 Ret Ret 13 11 Ret 12 14 14 **0**  29  Marko Asmer       17 11 20 13 14 12 18 Ret DNS Ret 16 Ret 15 Ret **0**  30  Michael Herck       Ret 15 23 DNS 17 Ret Ret 16 12 14 14 11 Ret 17 **0**  31  Giacomo Ricci 16 Ret Ret 11                 **0**  32  Miloš Pavlović DNS 12 Ret 16 DNS DNS               **0**  33  Marcello Puglisi     17 19               **0**  34  Paolo Maria Nocera 17 Ret                   **0**  Pos Driver CAT
 IST
 MON
 MAG
 SIL
 HOC
 HUN
 VAL
 SPA
 MNZ
 Points | Key  Colour Result  Gold Winner  Silver 2nd place  Bronze 3rd place  Green Other points position  Blue Other classified position  Not classified, finished (NC)  Purple Not classified, retired (Ret)  Red Did not qualify (DNQ)  Did not pre-qualify (DNPQ)  Black Disqualified (DSQ)  White Did not start (DNS)  Race cancelled (C)  Blank Did not practice (DNP)  Excluded (EX)  Did not arrive (DNA)  Withdrawn (WD)  Text formatting Meaning  **Bold** Pole position point(s)  *Italics* Fastest lap point(s) |
| --- | --- |

**Notes:**

* – Drivers did not finish the race, but were classified as they completed more than 90% of the race distance.

### Teams' Championship

| Pos Team Car
No. CAT
 IST
 MON
 MAG
 SIL
 HOC
 HUN
 VAL
 SPA
 MNZ
 Points  1  Barwa International Campos Team 5 6 Ret 5 2 Ret 15 4 18† 10 *5* Ret 11 Ret 9 1 15† 4 3 Ret Ret **103**  6 Ret 9 17 6 16 14 2 4 2 2 5 Ret 1 *10* 4 *1* 20† 5 1 11  2  iSport International 1 9 Ret 4 12 3 Ret 7 Ret 3 Ret 8 1 4 DNS 15† Ret 10 7 11 Ret **95**  2 2 4 15 Ret *1* 5 **Ret** 5 **6** 1 4 3 3 3 9 Ret **11** Ret 5 8  3  Piquet Sports 22 3 Ret *3* Ret 11 17 5 8 7 11 11† 2 2 7 Ret Ret DSQ Ret Ret 10 **92**  23 **12** Ret Ret Ret **2** Ret 3 7 Ret 15† 6 17 *5* 18† *2* Ret 3 *1* *2* 4  4  Racing Engineering 11 14 6 7 15 14 13 14 10 13 Ret 10† 5 13 6 Ret 5 17 8 Ret EX **84**  12 4 3 **1** 4 Ret Ret *1* Ret *1* 3 ***1*** Ret 14 5 **14** 3 DSQ EX 10 *5*  5  ART Grand Prix 3 11 Ret 16 14 Ret 12 10 3 8 Ret 12† NC 10 4 Ret Ret 18 Ret Ret Ret **70**  4 5 13 2 *1* Ret 10 Ret Ret 5 8 2 4 **17** 12 3 Ret *1* 9 4 3  6  Trust Team Arden 14 7 2 6 3 Ret 11 Ret 1 4 DNS Ret *8* 7 1 6 Ret 5 4 3 7 **56**  15 Ret 10 14 Ret 12 8 12 2 15 10 Ret Ret 15 Ret 8 13 19 Ret 16 Ret  7  Super Nova Racing 7 Ret DNS 19 Ret 10 Ret 13 Ret 12 Ret 7 19 8 2 7 Ret 6 Ret 9 18 **47**  8 *1* 7 Ret 8 5 3 9 Ret 16 Ret 3 6 16 Ret 16† Ret 2 Ret Ret 12  8  DAMS 9 Ret 15 Ret Ret 9 7 6 Ret 9 12 Ret 10 9 Ret 5 2 8 2 7 6 **31**  10 8 *1* Ret 9 Ret Ret Ret *9* Ret 7 Ret 18 11 8 Ret 6 9 14 Ret 13  9  Trident Racing 20 Ret 8 9 5 8† *1* 8 6 14 4 Ret 9 6 11 Ret 8 7 Ret 13 Ret **27**  21 Ret 14 11 Ret 7 2 Ret 14 18 Ret 13† 7 Ret 14 Ret 9 15 10 Ret 9  10  Fisichella Motor Sport International 18 Ret Ret 12 13 6 4 Ret 16 11 Ret 18† 15 19 Ret Ret 10 21† Ret 6 2 **15**  19 18 11 8 Ret Ret Ret 17 11 20 13 14 12 18 Ret DNS Ret 16 Ret 15 Ret  11  Durango 16 10 5 DNS DNS 17 Ret Ret Ret 19 6 Ret 13 Ret 13 NC 7 Ret 6 8 1 **11**  17 13 Ret 18 7 Ret Ret 18 17 21 9 9 14 DNS 17 Ret 12 Ret Ret 12 15  12  BCN Competición 26 17 Ret 10 Ret 4 16 15 12 22 14† 15 Ret Ret 19 11 Ret 13 13 WD WD **5**  27 DNS 12 Ret 16 DNS DNS 16 13 DNS Ret 16 16 Ret Ret 13 11 Ret 12 14 14  13  DPR 24 16 Ret Ret 11 13 6 Ret 15 23 DNS 17 Ret Ret 16 12 14 14 11 Ret 17 **4**  25 15 16 13 10 15 9 11 Ret 17 Ret Ret 20 12 15 10 4 12 Ret Ret 16  Pos Team Car
No. CAT
 IST
 MON
 MAG
 SIL
 HOC
 HUN
 VAL
 SPA
 MNZ
 Points | Key  Colour Result  Gold Winner  Silver 2nd place  Bronze 3rd place  Green Other points position  Blue Other classified position  Not classified, finished (NC)  Purple Not classified, retired (Ret)  Red Did not qualify (DNQ)  Did not pre-qualify (DNPQ)  Black Disqualified (DSQ)  White Did not start (DNS)  Race cancelled (C)  Blank Did not practice (DNP)  Excluded (EX)  Did not arrive (DNA)  Withdrawn (WD)  Text formatting Meaning  **Bold** Pole position point(s)  *Italics* Fastest lap point(s) |
| --- | --- |

**Notes:**

* – Drivers did not finish the race, but were classified as they completed more than 90% of the race distance.

1. "Current teams confirmed for 2008". autosport.com. 2007-10-19. Archived from the original on 2009-04-13. Retrieved 2007-11-14.
2. "Chandhok and Senna sign for iSport". autosport.com. 2007-12-19. Retrieved 2007-12-19.
3. "Filippi confirmed at ART for 2008". autosport.com. 2007-12-17. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
4. "ART replace Filippi with Yamamoto". autosport.com. 2008-07-15. Retrieved 2008-07-16.
5. "Grosjean to race for ART in 2008". autosport.com. 2007-12-11. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
6. "Campos sign Hanley to partner Petrov". autosport.com. 2008-01-10. Retrieved 2008-01-10.
7. "Di Grassi in GP2 return with Campos". autosport.com. 2008-06-09. Retrieved 2008-06-09.
8. "Super Nova confirm Parente, Bakkerud". autosport.com. 2008-02-07. Archived from the original on 2009-02-20. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
9. "Soucek replaces injured Bakkerud". autosport.com. 2008-05-06. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
10. "Soucek secures Super Nova drive". autosport.com. 2008-06-17. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
11. "D'Ambrosio completes Dams line-up". autosport.com. 2007-12-14. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
12. "Kobayashi to race for DAMS". autosport.com. 2007-11-23. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
13. "Racing Engineering sign Pantano". autosport.com. 2008-02-01. Retrieved 2008-02-01.
14. "Buemi lands Arden seat for 2008". autosport.com. 2007-12-13. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
15. "Buurman signes for Arden seat for 2008 & 2009". f1today.nl. 2007-01-24. Archived from the original on 2012-07-31. Retrieved 2007-01-24.
16. "Filippi replaces Buurman at Arden". autosport.com. 2008-07-17. Retrieved 2008-07-17.
17. "Durango confirm 2008 line-up". autosport.com. 2007-12-13. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
18. "Puglisi to stand in for Valsecchi". autosport.com. 2008-05-15. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
19. "Hanley grabs last-gasp Durango drive". autosport.com. 2008-06-20. Retrieved 2008-06-20.
20. "FMS International sign Rodriguez". autosport.com. 2008-04-21. Retrieved 2008-04-21.
21. "Valles to race for FMS in 2008". autosport.com. 2007-12-21. Retrieved 2007-12-21.
22. "Carroll: Simple to say yes". crash.net. 2008-05-07. Retrieved 2008-05-07.
23. "Asmer to race in GP2 with FMS". autosport.com. 2008-06-10. Retrieved 2008-06-10.
24. "Conway Joins Trident". pitpass.com. 2007-12-20. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
25. "Tung joins Trident for second season". autosport.com. 2008-01-10. Retrieved 2008-01-10.
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28. "Ricci to replace Herck at DPR". autosport.com. 2008-04-22. Retrieved 2008-04-22.
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title: 2024 São Léo Open

abstract: The 2024 São Léo Open was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in São Leopoldo, Brazil between 25 and 31 March 2024.

text:
# 2024 São Léo Open

The **2024 São Léo Open** was a professional tennis tournament played on clay courts. It was the fourth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2024 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in São Leopoldo, Brazil between 25 and 31 March 2024.

## Singles main-draw entrants

### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank1 | Seed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| PER | Juan Pablo Varillas | 95 | 1 |
| BRA | Thiago Monteiro | 110 | 2 |
| ARG | Camilo Ugo Carabelli | 112 | 3 |
| BRA | Felipe Meligeni Alves | 134 | 4 |
| ~~ARG~~ | ~~Román Andrés Burruchaga~~ | ~~161~~ | ~~5~~ |
| ARG | Genaro Alberto Olivieri | 185 | 6 |
| FRA | Geoffrey Blancaneaux | 220 | 7 |
| POR | Gonçalo Oliveira | 224 | 8 |
| ~~BRA~~ | ~~Gustavo Heide~~ | ~~225~~ | ~~9~~ |

* 1 Rankings are as of 18 March 2024.

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:

The following players received entry into the singles main draw as alternates:

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:

The following player received entry as a lucky loser:

## Champions

### Singles

### Doubles

## InfoBox

| 2024 São Léo Open | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 25–31 March |
| Edition | 4th |
| Surface | Clay |
| Location | São Leopoldo, Brazil |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Daniel Vallejo | |
| Doubles | |
| Marcelo Demoliner /  Orlando Luz | |
|  | |


title: 1999 Super League Grand Final

abstract: The 1999 Super League Grand Final was the Second official Grand Final conclusive and championship-deciding game of the Super League IV season. The match was played between St. Helens and Bradford Bulls on Saturday 9 October 1999, at Old Trafford.

text:
# 1999 Super League Grand Final

The **1999 Super League Grand Final** was the **Second official Grand Final** conclusive and championship-deciding game of the Super League IV season. The match was played between St. Helens and Bradford Bulls on Saturday 9 October 1999, at Old Trafford.

## Background

**Super League IV** retained the top five play off after the success of the previous years Grand Final. The league was expanded to 14 teams with Wakefield Trinity Wildcats and Gateshead Thunder both made their debuts in Super League although Gateshead Thunder and Sheffield Eagles both left the league after merging with Hull FC and Huddersfield Giants respectively. Bradford Bulls finished as League Leaders for the first time since they finished top in Super League II as Champions.

|  | Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Bradford Bulls | 30 | 25 | 1 | 4 | 897 | 445 | +452 | **51** |
| 2 | St. Helens | 30 | 23 | 0 | 7 | 1034 | 561 | +473 | **46** |

### Route to the Final

#### Bradford Bulls

By finishing first in the regular season, Bradford automatically qualified for the play-off semi-final. They were drawn at home to St Helens and in a one-sided game, they brushed St Helens aside 40–4 to qualify for the Grand Final.

#### St Helens

The play-off system in use only gave the league leaders a bye to the semi-finals. St Helens had finished second so had to play a qualifying play-off first. Drawn at home to Leeds Rhinos St Helens won 38–14 to go through to the semi-final. This was an away fixture to Bradford where they were beaten 40–4. However this loss did not end their season. The losers of the qualifying semi-final got another chance by playing the winners of the other semi-final in a final eliminator. Therefore Saints' third play-off game was a home tie against Castleford Tigers where they won through 36–6.

St Helens
| Round | Opposition | Score |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Qualifying Play-off | Leeds Rhinos (H) | 38-14 |
| Qualifying Semi-Final | Bradford Bulls (A) | 40-4 |
| Final Eliminator | Castleford Tigers (H) | 36-6 |
| **Key:** (H) = Home venue; (A) = Away venue. | | |

## Match details

| Bradford Bulls | 6 - 8 | St. Helens |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Tries:** Henry Paul
**Goals:** Henry Paul | Report
 | **Tries:** Kevin Iro
**Goals:** Sean Long (2) |

| **Bradford Bulls** | | Position | **St Helens** | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stuart Spruce | **Fullback** |  | Paul Atcheson |
|  | Tevita Vaikona | **Winger** |  | Chris Smith |
|  | Scott Naylor | **Centre** |  | Kevin Iro |
|  | Michael Withers | **Centre** |  | Paul Newlove |
| 5 | Leon Pryce | **Winger** |  | Anthony Sullivan |
| 6 | Robbie Paul | **Stand Off** | 6 | Paul Sculthorpe |
| 7 | Henry Paul | **Scrum half** | 7 | Tommy Martyn |
|  | Paul Anderson | **Prop** |  | Apollo Perelini |
| 9 | James Lowes | **Hooker** | 9 | Keiron Cunningham |
|  | Stuart Fielden | **Prop** |  | Julian O'Neill |
|  | David Boyle | **2nd Row** |  | Fereti Tuilagi |
|  | Bernard Dwyer | **2nd Row** |  | Sonny Nickle |
| 13 | Steve McNamara | **Loose forward** | 13 | Chris Joynt |
|  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Paul Deacon | **Interchange** |  | Paul Wellens |
|  | Nathan McAvoy | **Interchange** |  | Sean Long |
|  | Mike Forshaw | **Interchange** |  | Sean Hoppe |
|  | Brian McDermott | **Interchange** |  | Vila Matautia |
|  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Matthew Elliott | **Coach** |  | Ellery Hanley |

## InfoBox

| 1999 (1999) Super League Grand Final  () | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 1 2 Total  BRA  6 0 6  ST H  2 6 8 | |
| Date | 9 October 1999 |
| Stadium | Old Trafford |
| Location | Manchester |
| Harry Sunderland Trophy | Henry Paul ( Bradford) |
| Referee | Stuart Cummings |
| Attendance | 50,717 |
| Broadcast partners | |
| Broadcasters |  |
| Commentators |  |
|


title: Fabyula Badawi

abstract: Fabyula Badawi is an Egyptian poet and journalist. Born in Cairo, Badawi received a bachelor's degree in business administration and a graduate degree in accounting. As of 2008 she was employed by the Saudi newspaper al-Madina as a journalist. Three volumes of her poetry have been published. They are Mahlan ayyuha-l-rajul; Qasa'id zami'a; and al-Washm).

text:
# Fabyula Badawi

**Fabyula Badawi** (born 1960) is an Egyptian poet and journalist.

Born in Cairo, Badawi received a bachelor's degree in business administration and a graduate degree in accounting. As of 2008 she was employed by the Saudi newspaper *al-Madina* as a journalist. Three volumes of her poetry have been published. They are *Mahlan ayyuha-l-rajul* (*Take it Easy, Man*, 1989); *Qasa'id zami'a* (*Thirsty Poems*, 1990); and *al-Washm*) (*The Tattoo*, 1992).


title: Basic Sandwich

abstract: "Basic Sandwich" is the thirteenth episode and the season finale of the fifth season of Community, and the 97th episode overall in the series. It originally aired on April 17, 2014 on NBC. The episode was written by Ryan Ridley, making this his series writing debut, and it was directed by Rob Schrab. The episode is the second half of a two-part season finale with "Basic Story", which aired the previous week. The episode briefly served as the series finale after Community was canceled on May 9, 2014, but on June 30, 2014, Yahoo! commissioned the series' sixth and final season to be streamed online on Yahoo! Screen. This is the last episode to be broadcast on NBC. This is also the last episode of the series to feature John Oliver as Ian Duncan and Jonathan Banks as Buzz Hickey.

text:
# Basic Sandwich

"**Basic Sandwich**" is the thirteenth episode and the season finale of the fifth season of *Community*, and the 97th episode overall in the series. It originally aired on April 17, 2014 on NBC. The episode was written by Ryan Ridley, making this his series writing debut, and it was directed by Rob Schrab. The episode is the second half of a two-part season finale with "Basic Story", which aired the previous week. The episode briefly served as the series finale after *Community* was canceled on May 9, 2014, but on June 30, 2014, Yahoo! commissioned the series' sixth and final season to be streamed online on Yahoo! Screen. This is the last episode to be broadcast on NBC.

This is also the last episode of the series to feature John Oliver as Ian Duncan (who had a recurring role during seasons 1, 2 and 5) and Jonathan Banks as Buzz Hickey (who had a recurring role during season 5).

## Plot

In a group meeting to save Greendale, Dean Pelton (Jim Rash) tells Jeff (Joel McHale) and Britta (Gillian Jacobs) about Russell Borchert (Chris Elliott), the wealthy inventor who founded Greendale. Borchert was developing a computer to process human emotion but eventually disappeared with his fortune. Annie (Alison Brie) explains that Borchert's computer lab was sealed away decades ago. Blueprints reveal a hidden level under the teachers' lounge, and they go there to search. However, when Dr Duncan (John Oliver) accidentally shocks himself, Jeff demands they stop. He announces his engagement to Britta; the others protest their decision. Suddenly, Abed (Danny Pudi) discovers a trapdoor.

Chang (Ken Jeong) leads Carl (Jeremy Scott Jones) and Richie (Brady Novak), two school board members, to the lounge, where they find Shirley (Yvette Nicole Brown), Professor Hickey (Jonathan Banks), and Duncan. The others, having entered the trapdoor, search for Borchert's lab. Annie wonders if Greendale is still worth saving. Sensing the true reason for her distress, Abed explains Jeff and Britta's engagement is a crutch to cope with uncertainty. Abed notices a suspicious jukebox, which reveals a secret door. They find Borchert's lab and his gold-lined machine, as well as Borchert himself.

Chang, Carl, and Richie unsuccessfully interrogate Shirley and Hickey until a Subway employee reports they found the trapdoor. In the lab, Borchert is fiercely protective of his computer, named "Raquel", but offers them his leftover money when he realizes their motives. Chang, Richie, and Carl suddenly arrive and take the money. Richie uses a magnet to damage Raquel's hard drive, which controls the lab. The trio escapes before the door closes, trapping the others.

Borchert realizes Raquel's emotional circuitry still works. He mentions how he founded Greendale, which prompts Jeff to find documents proving it. Borchert theorizes that an intense burst of emotion could restart Raquel. Jeff volunteers and tells everyone to turn around as he hooks himself up to the machine. He contemplates the Dean, Britta, and Abed, but nothing happens until he looks at Annie. Raquel quickly powers up, and the door opens.

Richie and Carl prepare to sign Greendale over to Subway. The group stops the proceedings and presents documents granting Borchert consultation rights on Greendale's endeavors. The Subway rep (James Michael Connor) cancels the deal. As the school celebrates, Jeff and Britta call off their engagement, and Abed muses about next year. Afterwards, the Save Greendale Committee holds a final meeting to commemorate their accomplishment.

The end-tag is a fictional NBC programming promo featuring characters from fictional new programs.

## Reception

### Critical reception

The season finale garnered positive reviews from critics.

### Ratings

Upon airing, the episode was watched by 2.87 million American viewers, receiving a 1.0/4 in the 18-49 rating/share.

1. Castro, Vicki. "Community Season 5 Episode 13 "Basic Sandwich" (Season Finale) Guide". *Spoilers Guide*. Retrieved April 13, 2014.
2. Hester, Jere (April 16, 2014). "Season Finale a "Community" Service". *NBC Southern California*. Archived from the original on October 12, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
3. Brown, Laurel (April 4, 2014). "'Community' Season 5 finale: What do these 'Basic Story' photos mean?". *Zap2it.com*. Retrieved April 10, 2014.
4. Goldman, Eric (May 9, 2014). "Community Cancelled by NBC". *IGN*. Retrieved May 9, 2014.
5. Ausiello, Michael (June 30, 2014). "Community Lives! Season 6 to Air on Yahoo Screen". *TVline.com*. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
6. Ridley, Ryan \[@ryanridley\] (April 25, 2014). "@coryxvx @maegwen @bradynovak apparently it was Annie according to Harmon" (Tweet)  via Twitter.
7. Harmon, Dan (2014). *Community: The Complete Fifth Season: "Basic Sandwich"* (Audio commentary DVD). Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.
8. VanDerWerff, Emily (April 17, 2014). "Community: "Basic Sandwich"". The A.V. Club. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
9. Bibel, Sara (April 18, 2014). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'Grey's Anatomy' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on April 19, 2014. Retrieved April 18, 2014.

## InfoBox

| "**Basic Sandwich**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Community* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 5<br>Episode 13 |
| Directed by | Rob Schrab |
| Written by | Ryan Ridley |
| Production code | 511 |
| Original air date | April 17, 2014 (2014-04-17) |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


title: Aston's Eyot

abstract: Aston's Eyot is a 33-acre (13 ha) island on the east bank of the River Thames in the city of Oxford, England, southeast of Christ Church Meadow. Eyot is another spelling of ait meaning small island. The island is roughly triangular, bounded to the northwest by the River Cherwell and to the southeast by the Shirelake Ditch. There is a mixture of habitats, part woodland, part open/scrub. The site is leased by Oxford City Council from Christ Church. At the turn of the 19th/20th centuries it was used as a rubbish tip.

text:
# Aston's Eyot

51°44′30″N 1°14′44″W / 51.741686°N 1.24555°W / 51.741686; -1.24555

**Aston's Eyot** is a 33-acre (13 ha) island on the east bank of the River Thames in the city of Oxford, England, southeast of Christ Church Meadow.

*Eyot* is another spelling of ait meaning small island. The island is roughly triangular, bounded to the northwest by the River Cherwell and to the southeast by the Shirelake Ditch. There is a mixture of habitats, part woodland, part open/scrub.

The site is leased by Oxford City Council from Christ Church. At the turn of the 19th/20th centuries it was used as a rubbish tip.


title: Audius Mtawarira

abstract: Audius Tonderai Mtawarira is a Zimbabwean singer-songwriter and record producer, who often works mononymously as Audius. From 1996 to 2012, he lived in Australia. At the APRA Music Awards of 2009, he was co-winner of Urban Work of the Year for writing "Running Back" with its singer, Jessica Mauboy, and with American rapper, Sean Ray Mullins.

text:
# Audius Mtawarira

**Audius Tonderai Mtawarira** (born 1977 in Chimbumu, Guruve, Zimbabwe) is a Zimbabwean singer-songwriter and record producer, who often works mononymously as **Audius**. From 1996 to 2012, he lived in Australia. At the APRA Music Awards of 2009, he was co-winner of Urban Work of the Year for writing "Running Back" with its singer, Jessica Mauboy, and with American rapper, Sean Ray Mullins (a.k.a. Snob Scrilla).

## Early life

Audius Tonderai Mtawarira was born in 1977 in Chimbumu, Guruve District, Zimbabwe, His father, Augustine Mtawarira, who died in 2012, was a farmer and property manager.

Mtawarira attended Ruzawi School, a private Anglican boarding primary school in Marondera, where he was amongst the first Native African students to be enrolled. Audius then attended Peterhouse Boys' School, Marondera, a private boarding secondary school where he sang in the School Choir, played piano and drums. He participated in Cricket, Rugby, and Athletics, representing his school and district in each sport. He completed his secondary education at Gateway High School in Harare, where he performed in the school choir and participated in the music programs. He also represented his school as captain in Rugby, Cricket and Athletics. In 1996, Audius left Zimbabwe to further his studies in Perth, Western Australia at Edith Cowan University. He later moved to Curtin University to complete his Bachelor of Arts Degree in Graphic Design.

## Career

Audius turned his attention to writing and producing music. He started producing in 2002, producing the majority of Selwyn's album, *Meant to Be* which peaked at number nine on the ARIA Album charts and was certified Gold. In 2003 he collaborated with Delta Goodrem on *Innocent Eyes* co-writing and producing the number one single "Born to Try". The song debuted at number three before reaching number one on the Australian Singles chart, becoming Goodrem's first number one single. It spent three months in the top five and went on to sell over 210,000 copies, making it the third highest selling single of 2002. In the UK, it debuted and peaked the charts at number three, spending eleven weeks in the top forty and reached number one on the New Zealand singles charts. "Born to Try" won 'Single of the Year' at the ARIA Music Awards of 2003.

In 2004, Audius produced Australian Idol contestant Paulini's debut album *One Determined Heart* which produced number a # 1 hit "Angel Eyes" and went certified Platinum. In 2005, he co-wrote fellow-Idol Contestant Ricki-Lee Coulter's "Hell No!", which reached number five on the ARIA singles charts, and produced majority of her album.

After having some great success, Audius turned his attention to building his own studios and record label. He is a part owner of The Sound Academy studios in Sydney as well as record label Blindfaith Entertainment. He worked to develop many unsigned artists through his academy sharing knowledge and kickstarting several youngsters who went on to achieve great success such as Iggy Azalea, Justice Crew, Anise K and more.

In 2008, Audius produced Jessica Mauboy's new album, *Been Waiting*, co-writing her single, "Running Back", which peaked at number three on the Australian singles charts. 2008 also saw Audius launch his own fashion label, Shona Clothing, which is heavily influenced by his Zimbabwean heritage. "Running Back" won 'Highest Selling Single' at the ARIA Music Awards of 2009.

In 2013, Audius worked as a music producer on the movie musical 'Goddess', Goddess (2013 film) an Australian production featuring Laura Michelle Kelly, Ronan Keating and directed by Mark Lamprel.

In 2019, Audius co-wrote, produced and mixed 'To Myself' performed by Alfie Arcuri for the Eurovision 'Australia Decides' competition. With over 700 entries the song was selected to be amongst the top 10 finalists and to compete on a live broadcast on SBS. Overall the song placed 5th.

### Solo career

His solo recordings have garnered him popularity in his native Zimbabwe and South Africa. He has released 6 albums in Africa - *Audius* (2002), *Ever After* (2003), *Music and Me* (2005), and *Day Like This* (2008). He released 'Day Like This' was also released in Australia through Blindfaith/Inertia. In 2003, Audius won the Best Urban Grooves (Male) at the Zimbabwe Music Awards. In 2014 Audius won the "Best R&B Urban Album" award for his 2014 release "House of Stones". In October 2016, his album *PREDESTINATION* was released. In 2020, his album titled "2020" (twenty twenty) was released.

## Discography

### Solo artist

* *Audius* (2002)
* *Ever After* (2003)
* *Music and Me* (2005)
* *Day Like This* \- Blindfaith/Inertia (2008)
* *House of Stones* \- Blindfaith (2014)
* *PREDESTINATION* \- Blindfaith (2016)
* *2020* \- Blindfaith (2020)

### Production discography

### Songwriting discography

## InfoBox

| Audius Mtawarira | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Audius Tonderai Mtawarira |
| Also known as | Audius |
| Born | 1977 (age 4647)<br>Chimbumu, Guruve, Zimbabwe |
| Origin | Perth, Western Australia |
| Genres | Urban Grooves |
| Occupation(s) | Singer-songwriter, record producer |
| Instrument | Vocals |
|  | |
| Website | www.audiusonline.com |


abstract: The 2009–10 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team represented Princeton University in intercollegiate college basketball during the 2009–10 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The head coach was Sydney Johnson and the team captains were Nick Lake and Marcus Schroeder. The team played its home games in the Jadwin Gymnasium on the University campus in Princeton, New Jersey, and was the runner-up of the Ivy League, which earned them an invitation to the 16-team 2010 College Basketball Invitational single-elimination tournament where they were advanced to the third round to play in the semifinals. The team posted a 22–9 overall record and an 11–3 conference record. On January 6, 2010, against Marist Patrick Saunders had a perfect shooting night from the floor on eight field goals including five three-point shots. These field goal percentages are both listed in the Princeton record books as tied for the second best perfect performances. On January 24 against Goucher, the team established the school single-game record for steals with 20, surpassing the 17 set on five occasions between December 6, 1975, and January 28, 2002. In the March 17, opening-round game of the College Basketball Invitational tournament at home, Princeton defeated the Duquesne Dukes 65–51. The game was Princeton's first postseason appearance since the 2003–04 team went to the 2004 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament and the first postseason victory since the 1998–99 team won two games in the 1999 National Invitation Tournament. On March 22, the team defeated IUPUI 74–68 in double overtime at IUPUI Gymnasium in Indianapolis, Indiana. The Tigers had previously won in the postseason in Indianapolis when the 1995–96 team pulled off a first-round upset of the national defending champion in the 1996 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. In the tournament semifinals the team was defeated by Saint Louis University 69–59 at Chaifetz Arena in St. Louis, Missouri, on March 24. Princeton led 25–22 with 7:25 remaining in the first half but fell behind by a 38–29 halftime score. Head coach Johnson employs the Princeton offense. The prior season the only two schools who had lower scoring averages also ran the Princeton offense: Oregon State and Denver. The team was led by second team All-Ivy League selections sophomore Douglas Davis and junior Dan Mavraides. It was the first time since 2004 that two Tigers had been on the first or second All-Ivy League teams. Using the Princeton offense, Princeton led the nation in scoring defense for the twentieth time since 1976. Following the season, Bill Bradley was awarded the Court of Honor Award from the National Association of Basketball Coaches.

text:
# 2009–10 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team

2009–10 Ivy League men's basketball standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | PCT |  |  | W |  | L |  | PCT |
| Cornell | 13 |  | 1 |  | .929 |  |  | 29 |  | 5 |  | .853 |
| Princeton | 11 |  | 3 |  | .786 |  |  | 22 |  | 9 |  | .710 |
| Harvard | 10 |  | 4 |  | .714 |  |  | 21 |  | 9 |  | .700 |
| Yale | 6 |  | 8 |  | .429 |  |  | 12 |  | 19 |  | .387 |
| Columbia | 5 |  | 9 |  | .357 |  |  | 11 |  | 17 |  | .393 |
| Brown | 5 |  | 9 |  | .357 |  |  | 11 |  | 20 |  | .355 |
| Penn | 5 |  | 9 |  | .357 |  |  | 6 |  | 22 |  | .214 |
| Dartmouth | 1 |  | 13 |  | .071 |  |  | 5 |  | 23 |  | .179 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of March 21, 2010<br>Rankings from AP Poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **2009–10 Princeton Tigers men's basketball team** represented Princeton University in intercollegiate college basketball during the 2009–10 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The head coach was Sydney Johnson and the team captains were Nick Lake and Marcus Schroeder. The team played its home games in the Jadwin Gymnasium on the University campus in Princeton, New Jersey, and was the runner-up of the Ivy League, which earned them an invitation to the 16-team 2010 College Basketball Invitational single-elimination tournament where they were advanced to the third round to play in the semifinals.

The team posted a 229 overall record and an 113 conference record. On January 6, 2010, against Marist Patrick Saunders had a perfect shooting night from the floor on eight field goals including five three-point shots. These field goal percentages are both listed in the Princeton record books as tied for the second best perfect performances. On January 24 against Goucher, the team established the school single-game record for steals with 20, surpassing the 17 set on five occasions between December 6, 1975, and January 28, 2002. In the March 17, opening-round game of the College Basketball Invitational tournament at home, Princeton defeated the Duquesne Dukes 6551. The game was Princeton's first postseason appearance since the 2003–04 team went to the 2004 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament and the first postseason victory since the 1998–99 team won two games in the 1999 National Invitation Tournament. On March 22, the team defeated IUPUI 7468 in double overtime at IUPUI Gymnasium in Indianapolis, Indiana. The Tigers had previously won in the postseason in Indianapolis when the 1995–96 team pulled off a first-round upset of the national defending champion in the 1996 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament. In the tournament semifinals the team was defeated by Saint Louis University 6959 at Chaifetz Arena in St. Louis, Missouri, on March 24. Princeton led 2522 with 7:25 remaining in the first half but fell behind by a 3829 halftime score.

Head coach Johnson employs the Princeton offense. The prior season the only two schools who had lower scoring averages also ran the Princeton offense: Oregon State and Denver.

The team was led by second team All-Ivy League selections sophomore Douglas Davis and junior Dan Mavraides. It was the first time since 2004 that two Tigers had been on the first or second All-Ivy League teams. Using the Princeton offense, Princeton led the nation in scoring defense for the twentieth time since 1976. Following the season, Bill Bradley was awarded the Court of Honor Award from the National Association of Basketball Coaches.

## InfoBox

| 2009–10 Princeton Tigers men's basketball | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 2010 College Basketball Invitational, Semifinals | |
| Conference | Ivy League |
| Record | 22–9 (11–3, 2nd Ivy) |
| Head coach |  |
| Captains |  |
| Home arena | Jadwin Gymnasium |
|


title: Falsimargarita glaucophaos

abstract: Falsimargarita glaucophaos is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Calliostomatidae within the superfamily Trochoidea, the top snails, turban snails and their allies.

text:
# Falsimargarita glaucophaos

***Falsimargarita glaucophaos*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Calliostomatidae within the superfamily Trochoidea, the top snails, turban snails and their allies.

## Description

The size of the shell varies between 6 mm and 15 mm. The shell contains, besides the smooth protoconch, 3½ rounded whorls.

## Distribution

This species occurs in South Africa (country).

* Barnard (1963), *Deep sea Mollusca from west of Cape Point, South Africa*; Annals of the South African Museum v. 46 407–452, 11figs.
* "*Minolia glaucophaos*". *Gastropods.com*. Retrieved 16 January 2019.

## InfoBox

| *Falsimargarita glaucophaos* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Vetigastropoda |
| Order: | Trochida |
| Superfamily: | Trochoidea |
| Family: | Calliostomatidae |
| Genus: | *Falsimargarita* |
| Species: | ***F. glaucophaos*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Falsimargarita glaucophaos***<br>(Barnard, 1963) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Calliostoma glaucophaos* Barnard, 1963 * *Minolia glaucophaos* (Barnard, 1963) | |


title: Basile Maximovitch

abstract: Basile Maximovitch was a Russian aristocrat and civil mining engineer. He became a Soviet agent by choice and subsequently became an important member of the Red Orchestra organisation in France during World War II. Maximovitch was the son of a Cavalry officer Baron Maximovitch, who held the rank of General, on the staff of Imperial Russian Army.

text:
# Basile Maximovitch

**Basile Maximovitch** (2 July 1902, Chernigov \- c. 6 July 1943, Plötzensee Prison, Berlin) was a Russian aristocrat and civil mining engineer. He became a Soviet agent by choice and subsequently became an important member of the Red Orchestra organisation in France during World War II. Maximovitch was the son of a Cavalry officer Baron Maximovitch, who held the rank of General, on the staff of Imperial Russian Army.

## Life

Maximovitch was a Russian émigré who left Russia with his sister Anna Maximovitch in 1922 to escape the Russian Revolution. The couple along with their mother arrived via Constantinople to settle in Paris, France. In Paris, the couple received help from Auxiliary bishop Emanuel-Anatole-Raphaël Chaptal de Chanteloup, who helped Maximovitch to train as civil engineer and enter the Lycée Saint-Louis-de-Gonzague as a teacher. Through Chaptal, Maximovitch developed extensive connections with white émigré communities in Paris and abroad.

On 31 May 1940, he was interned as a foreign suspect at Camp Vernet. Maximovitch became an interpreter for the German officer in charge, Wehrmacht colonel Hans Kuprian, who was on a committee that processed prisoners from the Vichy government for slave labour, after the French armistice. He released Maximovitch in August 1940. In prison, Maximovitch met Belarusian Samuel Erlik, who had links to Soviet Intelligence. Erlik was encouraged to recruit Maximovitch by the Soviet embassy. Maximovitch became an informer out of a belief in Russian Nationalism and had no love for the Soviet Regime or communism.

Maximovitch had an affair with Margarete Hoffman-Scholz, secretary to Kuprian, and a niece to General Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel, the military commander of Paris. At the time, von Stülpnagel was Commander of Greater Paris and this gave Maximovitch access to intelligence that came from the German High Command. With Maximovitch's help Hoffman-Scholz was steered through a number of different jobs in German agencies that enabled Maximovitch to access different types of intelligence.

In November 1940, Maximovitch was introduced to Leopold Trepper, by a member of the French Communist Party. At the time, Trepper was the technical director of a Soviet Red Army Intelligence unit in western Europe. Both Basil and Anna became very important to Trepper. Maximovitch ran the 3rd network of Trepper's 7 networks in Europe, supplying intelligence garnered from White Russians emigrant groups as well as from groups in the German Wehrmacht.

## Arrest

Maximovitch was arrested with his sister on 12 December 1942 at 14 rue Émile Zola in Choisy-le-Roi by French police and taken to be interrogated at Rue des Saussaies by members of the Sonderkommando Rote Kapelle, a special Gestapo and Abwehr commission establish to track down members of the Red Orchestra in France, Belgium and Low Countries. When the interrogation was complete, then were sent to Fresnes Prison.

A trial was held on 8 March 1943 at 62-64 Rue du Faubourg-Saint-Honoré by Luftwaffe Judge Manfred Roeder where he was sentenced to death by decapitation. He and his sister were taken to Plötzensee Prison where they were executed in July 1943.

## Bibliography

* Langeois, Christian (2017). *Les chants d'honneur : de la Chorale populaire à l'Orchestre rouge, Suzanne Cointe (1905-1943)* (in French). Paris: Cherche midi. ISBN 9782749150697. OCLC 982018539.

1. Kesaris, Paul L, ed. (1979). *The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945*. Washington DC: University Publications of America. p. 315. ISBN 0-89093-203-4.
2. Pennetier, Annie (28 February 2021). "MAXIMOVITCH (de) Basile, dit Vassili , dit Professeur". *Fusillés/Editions de l'Atelie* (in French). University of Paris, Center for Social History of the 20th Century. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
3. Perrault, Gilles (1969). *The Red Orchestra*. New York: Schocken Books. pp. 171–172. ISBN 0805209522.
4. Perrault, Gilles (1969). *The Red Orchestra*. New York: Schocken Books. p. 174. ISBN 0805209522.
5. Bourgeois, Guillaume (24 September 2015). *La véritable histoire de l'orchestre rouge* (in French). Nouveau Monde Editions. p. 231. ISBN 978-2-36942-069-9. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
6. Perrault, Gilles (1969). *The Red Orchestra*. New York: Schocken Books. pp. 177–179. ISBN 0805209522.
7. Perrault, Gilles (1969). *The Red Orchestra*. New York: Schocken Books. p. 178. ISBN 0805209522.
8. Perrault, Gilles (1969). *The Red Orchestra*. New York: Schocken Books. p. 175. ISBN 0805209522.
9. Kesaris, Paul. L, ed. (1979). *The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945*. Washington DC: University Publications of America. p. 89. ISBN 0-89093-203-4.
10. Kesaris, Paul. L, ed. (1979). *The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945*. Washington DC: University Publications of America. p. 316. ISBN 0-89093-203-4.
11. Shareen Blair Brysac (12 October 2000). *Resisting Hitler : Mildred Harnack and the Red Orchestra: Mildred Harnack and the Red Orchestra*. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 441. ISBN 978-0-19-531353-6. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
12. Richard Breitman; Norman J. W. Goda; Timothy Naftali; Robert Wolfe (4 April 2005). *U.S. Intelligence and the Nazis*. Cambridge University Press. p. 310. ISBN 978-0-521-61794-9. Retrieved 6 October 2021.


title: Fabyan, Connecticut

abstract: Fabyan is a village in the town of Thompson, Connecticut, United States. The former Indian village of Maanexit was located near what is now Fabyan and Maanexit was a praying town which was home to a population of Praying Indians. Fabyan started as a mill village, named New Boston, which contained a clothier and a potash manufacturer as well as the New Boston Textile Company, which was purchased in 1908 by the Fabyan Brothers, who changed the name of the mill and village to Fabyan.

text:
# Fabyan, Connecticut

**Fabyan** (previously known as **New Boston**) is a village in the town of Thompson, Connecticut, United States. The former Indian village of Maanexit was located near what is now Fabyan and Maanexit was a praying town which was home to a population of Praying Indians. Fabyan started as a mill village, named New Boston, which contained a clothier and a potash manufacturer as well as the New Boston Textile Company, which was purchased in 1908 by the Fabyan Brothers, who changed the name of the mill and village to Fabyan.

42°00′49″N 71°56′24″W / 42.01371°N 71.9401°W / 42.01371; -71.9401


title: Basic Rights

abstract: Basic Rights: Subsistence, Affluence, and U.S. Foreign Policy is a book by Henry Shue in which he examines the issue of human rights and its relation to U.S. foreign policy.

text:
# Basic Rights

***Basic Rights: Subsistence, Affluence, and U.S. Foreign Policy*** is a book by Henry Shue in which he examines the issue of human rights and its relation to U.S. foreign policy.

## Reception

Thomas Pogge, Michael Payne, and Andrew Cohen criticized Shue's ideas on basic rights. Jordan Kiper provided a defense of Shue's arguments for basic rights.

## InfoBox

Basic Rights: Subsistence, Affluence, and U.S. Foreign Policy
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Henry Shue |
| Subject | Human rights |
| Published | 1980; 2nd edition, 1996 |
| Publisher | Princeton University Press |
| Pages | 256 pp. |
| ISBN | 9780691029290 |