title: Allan Caswell

abstract: David Allan Caswell, publishing under pen name Allan Caswell, is an English-Australian songwriter and performer, author, record producer, freelance journalist and teacher. Caswell wrote "On the Inside" and recorded by Lynne Hamilton. It was a hit record in Australia and New Zealand in 1979. In 1983, the single "The Australia's Cup" peaked at number 17 on the Australian charts.

text:
# Allan Caswell

**David Allan Caswell**, publishing under pen name **Allan Caswell**, is an English-Australian songwriter and performer, author, record producer, freelance journalist and teacher. Caswell wrote "On the Inside" (the theme from the television series *Prisoner*) and recorded by Lynne Hamilton. It was a hit record in Australia and New Zealand in 1979.

In 1983, the single "The Australia's Cup" peaked at number 17 on the Australian charts.

## Biography

### 1952–1978: Early years

Allan Caswell to Stephen Castle and his wife was born in Chester and grew up in North Wales, Berkshire, and South London (Mitcham) before migrating to Australia in 1966. He was educated at Wimbledon County Secondary School and later at South Sydney Boys High School.

Caswell's songwriting career started in 1973 when Chris Gilbey signed a song he had written with his brother Brian Caswell to Albert Music in Sydney. However, it was 6 years later when Allan Caswell had a song recorded.

### 1979–present: Music Career

In 1979, Caswell wrote "On the Inside", which became the theme for the television series *Prisoner* and later a major international hit song. The success of "On the Inside" triggered a succession of recordings by Patti Page, Cilla Black, The Irish Rovers, Max Bygraves and Acker Bilk, Slim Dusty, The Living End, Chad Morgan, Lynne Hamilton, James Blundell, Anne Kirkpatrick, Don Spencer, Graeme Connors, The Delltones, Doug Ashdown and Ricky May.

Caswell won his first Golden Guitar in Tamworth for Best New Talent in 1980.

In September 1983, Caswell released "The Australia's Cup", which peaked at number 17 on the Australian chart. His first and only top 100 single.

In 1995, Caswell was asked by Don Spencer, on behalf of his Australian Children's Music Foundation, to work with children in Juvenile Detention teaching music and songwriting. He has helped set up similar programs in other centres. He also worked with the Foundation in their aim of making music accessible to underprivileged children.

In 2006, Caswell published his first book, "Writing Great Song Lyrics".

In 2014, Caswell announced he had lost a 10-year legal battle with Sony music over similarities between his song "On the Inside" and Alabama's "Christmas in Dixie"; a song from which Alabama are estimated to have earned over $700,000.

In 2016, Caswell celebrated the 50th Anniversary of his arrival in Australia in 1966 with an album called *50 Years in Oz*.

In 2019, he released his autobiography My Version Of The Truth and moved to Queensland where he lives with his wife Marian in Varsity Lakes.

In 2020, Caswell released his 20th album, *Tequila Amnesia*. He also released his third book, *Secrets of Stronger Songwriting*.

## Discography

### Studio albums

List of albums, with selected detail
| Title | Details |
| --- | --- |
| *What Happened to Love?* | * Released: 1982 * Format: LP * Label: Country Man (CML1003) |
| *Handwritten* | * Released: 1987 * Format: LP * Label: EMI (EMX 490059) |
| *Heart Written* | * Released: 1990 * Format: LP, CD, Cassette * Label: True Blue Records (466734 1) |
| *Different Eyes* | * Released: 1995 * Format: CD * Label: Larrikin Records (LRF 380) |
| *Caswell Sings Caswell* | * Released: 2001 * Format: CD * Label: Shoestring Production |
| *Don't Count on It* | * Released: 2002 * Format: CD * Label: Shoestring Production (SR39) |
| *Al's Bar And Grill* | * Released: 2006 * Format: CD * Label: ORIGiN (OR 079) |
| *Rules for Love* | * Released: 2008 * Format: CD * Label: Allan Caswell () |
| *Behind Bars* |  |
| *Just Kidding* | * Released: March 2012 * Format: CD, DD * Label: Allan Caswell () |
| *It's a Country Song* | * Released: 2012 * Format: CD, DD * Label: Allan Caswell () |
| *Sometimes When Lose When You Win* | * Released: January 2014 * Format: CD, DD * Label: Allan Caswell () |
| *My Version of the Truth* | * Released: 2015 * Format: CD, DD * Label: Shoestring Production (SR111) |
| *50 Years in Oz* | * Released: July 2016 * Format: CD, DD, streaming * Label: Allan Caswell () |
| *Carpenter Caswell*
(as Carpenter Caswell) | * Released: 10 November 2017 * Format: CD, DD, streaming * Label: Carpenter Caswell/WJO (BRR20173) |
| *Mexico* | * Released: 11 May 2018 * Format: CD, DD, streaming * Label: Allan Caswell () |
| *Tequila Amnesia* | * Released: 2020 * Format: CD, digital download, streaming * Label: Chihuahua Records (KEV9301) |

### Live albums

List of albums, with selected detail
| Title | Details |
| --- | --- |
| *Warm January Morning* | * Released: 1986 * Format: Cassette * Label: Allan Caswell Music (ACMe C001) * Note: Live at The Tamworth & District Workmen's Club (January 1986) |

### Singles

List of singles, with selected chart positions
| Year | Title | Peak chart
positions | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | AUS
 | |
| 1979 | "Take Me Back to Yesterday (Dedicated to a Decade Without The Beatles)"/"King of the Rodeo" | - | non album singles |
| 1980 | "We Used To Call It Heaven"/"First Time in My Life" | | - |
| | "Sign on the Dotted Line"/"Poor Side of Heaven" | | - |
| 1981 | "One Armed Bandit"/"Loco Friday Night" | | - |
| 1982 | "Used to Be a Gold Song"/"Isn't That Like You" | - | *What Happened To Love?* |
| 1983 | "What Happened to Love?"/"It's Not Such a Bad Idea" | | - |
| | "The Australia's Cup"/"Lonelyheart's Waltz" | 17 | non album single |
| 1984 | "Moruroa"/"Beyond the Blues" | - | non album single |
| 1985 | "Bulldust"/"Spirit of the Green & Gold"  (with Trevor Knight) | - | non album single |
| | "The Garden"
(with Australia Too) | 27 | non album single |
| 1987 | "(You Can Be) Somebody's Shadow"/"Black Jack Blues Again" | - | *Handwritten* |
| 1988 | "Have You Read to Your Children Today?"/"This is Gonna Be the One" | | - |
| | "Are We Having Fun Yet?"/"Funny Thing About Rainbows"
(as Allan Caswell Band) | - | non album single |
| 1989 | "You Still Take My Breath Away"/"Bald Is Beautiful" | - | *Heart Written* |
| 1990 | "I'm Gonna Take a Heartbreak"/"Still Crazy Over You" | | - |
| | "Proud"/"(I've Got Those) 12 Bar Blues" | | - |
| 2006 | "A Little Bit of Country in Us All" | - | *Al's Bar And Grill* |
| 2007 | "Strong Enough" | - | non album single |
| 2008 | "Rules for Love" | - | *Rules for Love* |
| 2011 | "It's a Country Song" | - | *It's a Country Song* |
| 2012 | "I'm an Aussie Shark" | - | *Just Kidding* |
| | "Brave Enough to Dream" | - | *It's a Country Song* |
| 2015 | "One Last Muster" | - | *My Version of the Truth* |
| 2016 | "Back When I Was Older" (with Michael Carpenter) | - | *Carpenter Caswell* |
| 2017 | "Life Like It's a Trainwreck" (with Michael Carpenter) | | - |
| | "High Hopes" (with Michael Carpenter) | | - |
| | "Want That Back Again" (with Michael Carpenter featuring Felicity Urquhart) | | - |
| 2018 | "The Roses Fall" (with The Weeping Willows) | - | *Mexico* |
| | "Feeding the Crew" | - |  |
| 2019 | "Train to Godforsaken" | - |  |
| | "Country Copper" | - | *Tequila Amnesia* |
| | | "Bad Politics" (with Damian Cafarella) | - |
| 2020 | | "Hard Times and Struggle" | - |
| | | "Bordertown" | - |
| | | "I Do" (with Donna Fisk) | - |
| | "That Holden Saved My Life" | - | TBA |
| | | "Spin" (with Damian Cafarella) | - |

## Awards and nominations

### Country Music Awards of Australia

The Country Music Awards of Australia (also known as the Golden Guitar Awards and originally named Australasian Country Music Awards) is an annual awards night held in January during the Tamworth Country Music Festival, in Tamworth, New South Wales, celebrating recording excellence in the Australian country music industry. Caswell has won eight awards (wins only).

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1980 | "King of the Rodeo" | New Talent of the year | Won |
| 1981 | "One Armed Bandit" (with Brian Caswell) | Song of the Year | Won |
| 1983 | "Used to Be a Gold Song" (with Keith Potger) | Song of the Year | Won |
| 1986 | "The Garden" | Song of the Year | Won |
| 1988 | "Black Jack Blues Again" | Male Vocalist of the Year | Won |
| 2007 | "A Little Bit of Country in Us All" (with Drew McAlister) | Vocal Collaboration of the Year | Won |
| 2016 | "One Last Muster" | Bush Ballad of the Year | Won |
| 2020 | "Country Copper" | Bush Ballad of the Year | Won |

### Tamworth Songwriters Awards

The Tamworth Songwriters Association (TSA) is an annual songwriting contest for original country songs, awarded in January at the Tamworth Country Music Festival. They commenced in 1986. Allan Caswell has won sixteen awards.

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result (wins only) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1988 | "Black Jack Blues Again" by Allan Caswell | Contemporary Song of the Year | Won |
| | "When We Were Kids" by John Williamson and Allan Caswell | Country Song of the Year | Won |
| 1989 | Allan Caswell | Contemporary Song of the Year | Won |
| 1990 | "You Still Take My Breath Away" by Allan Caswell | Contemporary Song of the Year | Won |
| | | Country Song of the Year | Won |
| 1991 | "Panda" by Allan Caswell and Don Morrison | Children's Song of the Year | Won |
| | "Proud" by Allan Caswell | Contemporary Song of the Year | Won |
| 2011 | "Behind Bars" by Allan Caswell | Country Song of the Year | Won |
| | | Contemporary Song of the Year | Won |
| 2012 | "The Road That Brought Me Here" by Karen Lynne and Allan Caswell | Contemporary Song of the Year | Won |
| 2013 | "Skin" by Allan Caswell | Comedy/ Novelty Song of the Year | Won |
| 2017 | "Golden Days" by Andrew Wriggleswroth and Allan Caswell | Contemporary Song of the Year | Won |
| | | Country Song of the Year | Won |
| | "Back When I Was Older" by Andrew Wriggleswroth and Allan Caswell | Contemporary Song of the Year | Won |
| 2019 | "The Roses Fall" by Andrew Wriggleswroth and Allan Caswell | Country Ballad of the Year | Won |
| 2022 | "Youngie" by Allan Caswell | Local Heroes Song of the Year | Won |

## InfoBox

| Allan Caswell | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | David Allan Caswell |
| Born | (1951-03-09) 9 March 1951
Chester, England |
| Genres | Country |
| Occupations | * Songwriter * singer * guitarist * author * record producer * journalist * teacher |
| Instrument(s) | Vocals, guitar |
| Years active | 1966~present |


title: Elementary class

abstract: In model theory, a branch of mathematical logic, an elementary class is a class consisting of all structures satisfying a fixed first-order theory.

text:
# Elementary class

In model theory, a branch of mathematical logic, an **elementary class** (or **axiomatizable class**) is a class consisting of all structures satisfying a fixed first-order theory.

## Definition

A class *K* of structures of a signature σ is called an **elementary class** if there is a first-order theory *T* of signature σ, such that *K* consists of all models of *T*, i.e., of all σ-structures that satisfy *T*. If *T* can be chosen as a theory consisting of a single first-order sentence, then *K* is called a **basic elementary class**.

More generally, *K* is a pseudo-elementary class if there is a first-order theory *T* of a signature that extends σ, such that *K* consists of all σ-structures that are reducts to σ of models of *T*. In other words, a class *K* of σ-structures is pseudo-elementary if and only if there is an elementary class *K'* such that *K* consists of precisely the reducts to σ of the structures in *K'*.

For obvious reasons, elementary classes are also called **axiomatizable in first-order logic**, and basic elementary classes are called **finitely axiomatizable in first-order logic**. These definitions extend to other logics in the obvious way, but since the first-order case is by far the most important, **axiomatizable** implicitly refers to this case when no other logic is specified.

## Conflicting and alternative terminology

While the above is nowadays standard terminology in "infinite" model theory, the slightly different earlier definitions are still in use in finite model theory, where an elementary class may be called a **Δ-elementary class**, and the terms **elementary class** and **first-order axiomatizable class** are reserved for basic elementary classes (Ebbinghaus et al. 1994, Ebbinghaus and Flum 2005). Hodges calls elementary classes **axiomatizable classes**, and he refers to basic elementary classes as **definable classes**. He also uses the respective synonyms **EC $\_{\Delta }$ class** and **EC class** (Hodges, 1993).

There are good reasons for this diverging terminology. The signatures that are considered in general model theory are often infinite, while a single first-order sentence contains only finitely many symbols. Therefore, basic elementary classes are atypical in infinite model theory. Finite model theory, on the other hand, deals almost exclusively with finite signatures. It is easy to see that for every finite signature σ and for every class *K* of σ-structures closed under isomorphism there is an elementary class $K'$ of σ-structures such that *K* and $K'$ contain precisely the same finite structures. Hence, elementary classes are not very interesting for finite model theorists.

## Easy relations between the notions

Clearly every basic elementary class is an elementary class, and every elementary class is a pseudo-elementary class. Moreover, as an easy consequence of the compactness theorem, a class of σ-structures is basic elementary if and only if it is elementary and its complement is also elementary.

## Examples

### A basic elementary class

Let σ be a signature consisting only of a unary function symbol *f*. The class *K* of σ-structures in which *f* is one-to-one is a basic elementary class. This is witnessed by the theory *T*, which consists only of the single sentence

$\forall x\forall y((f(x)=f(y))\to (x=y))$.

### An elementary, basic pseudoelementary class that is not basic elementary

Let σ be an arbitrary signature. The class *K* of all infinite σ-structures is elementary. To see this, consider the sentences

$\rho \_{2}=$ " $\exists x\_{1}\exists x\_{2}(x\_{1}\not =x\_{2})$", $\rho \_{3}=$ " $\exists x\_{1}\exists x\_{2}\exists x\_{3}((x\_{1}\not =x\_{2})\land (x\_{1}\not =x\_{3})\land (x\_{2}\not =x\_{3}))$",

and so on. (So the sentence $\rho \_{n}$ says that there are at least *n* elements.) The infinite σ-structures are precisely the models of the theory

$T\_{\infty }=\\{\rho \_{2},\rho \_{3},\rho \_{4},\dots \\}$.

But *K* is not a basic elementary class. Otherwise the infinite σ-structures would be precisely those that satisfy a certain first-order sentence τ. But then the set $\\{\neg \tau ,\rho \_{2},\rho \_{3},\rho \_{4},\dots \\}$ would be inconsistent. By the compactness theorem, for some natural number *n* the set $\\{\neg \tau ,\rho \_{2},\rho \_{3},\rho \_{4},\dots ,\rho \_{n}\\}$ would be inconsistent. But this is absurd, because this theory is satisfied by any finite σ-structure with $n+1$ or more elements.

However, there is a basic elementary class *K'* in the signature σ' = σ $\cup $ {*f*}, where *f* is a unary function symbol, such that *K* consists exactly of the reducts to σ of σ'-structures in *K'*. *K'* is axiomatised by the single sentence $(\forall x\forall y(f(x)=f(y)\rightarrow x=y)\land \exists y\neg \exists x(y=f(x))),$, which expresses that *f* is injective but not surjective. Therefore, *K* is elementary and what could be called basic pseudo-elementary, but not basic elementary.

### Pseudo-elementary class that is non-elementary

Finally, consider the signature σ consisting of a single unary relation symbol *P*. Every σ-structure is partitioned into two subsets: Those elements for which *P* holds, and the rest. Let *K* be the class of all σ-structures for which these two subsets have the same cardinality, i.e., there is a bijection between them. This class is not elementary, because a σ-structure in which both the set of realisations of *P* and its complement are countably infinite satisfies precisely the same first-order sentences as a σ-structure in which one of the sets is countably infinite and the other is uncountable.

Now consider the signature $\sigma '$, which consists of *P* along with a unary function symbol *f*. Let $K'$ be the class of all $\sigma '$-structures such that *f* is a bijection and *P* holds for *x* iff *P* does not hold for *f(x)*. $K'$ is clearly an elementary class, and therefore *K* is an example of a pseudo-elementary class that is not elementary.

### Non-pseudo-elementary class

Let σ be an arbitrary signature. The class *K* of all finite σ-structures is not elementary, because (as shown above) its complement is elementary but not basic elementary. Since this is also true for every signature extending σ, *K* is not even a pseudo-elementary class.

This example demonstrates the limits of expressive power inherent in first-order logic as opposed to the far more expressive second-order logic. Second-order logic, however, fails to retain many desirable properties of first-order logic, such as the completeness and compactness theorems.

* Chang, Chen Chung; Keisler, H. Jerome (1990) \[1973\], *Model Theory*, Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics (3rd ed.), Elsevier, ISBN 978-0-444-88054-3
* Ebbinghaus, Heinz-Dieter; Flum, Jörg (2005) \[1995\], *Finite model theory*, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, p. 360, ISBN 978-3-540-28787-2
* Ebbinghaus, Heinz-Dieter; Flum, Jörg; Thomas, Wolfgang (1994), *Mathematical Logic* (2nd ed.), Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-0-387-94258-2
* Hodges, Wilfrid (1997), *A shorter model theory*, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-58713-6
* Poizat, Bruno (2000), *A Course in Model Theory: An Introduction to Contemporary Mathematical Logic*, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-0-387-98655-5


title: Elizabeth Mrema

abstract: Elizabeth Maruma Mrema is a Tanzanian biodiversity leader and lawyer, living in Montreal, Canada, who has been serving as Deputy Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) since 2023, under the leadership of Executive Director Inger Andersen. From 2020 to 2022, Mrema was executive secretary of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD); she was the first African woman to hold this role. She previously held numerous leadership positions within UNEP.

text:
# Elizabeth Mrema

**Elizabeth Maruma Mrema** is a Tanzanian biodiversity leader and lawyer, living in Montreal, Canada, who has been serving as Deputy Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) since 2023, under the leadership of Executive Director Inger Andersen.

From 2020 to 2022, Mrema was executive secretary of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD); she was the first African woman to hold this role. She previously held numerous leadership positions within UNEP.

## Early life and education

Born of Chagga parents, Mrema was raised in Kilimanjaro Region. She then earned a Bachelor of Law from Tanzania's University of Dar es Salaam, followed by a Master of Law degree from Dalhousie University in Halifax, Canada and a Postgraduate Diploma in International Relations and Diplomacy from the Centre of Foreign Relations and Diplomacy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

## Career

Before beginning work with UNEP, Mrema worked for Tanzania's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation, serving as a Counsellor/Senior Legal Counsel. She also lectured in Public International Law and Conference Diplomacy at Tanzania's Centre for Foreign Relations.

From 2009 to 2012, Mrema worked at organizations based in Bonn, Germany. In 2009, she was appointed Acting Executive Secretary of the UNEP/ASCOBANS (Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic, North East Atlantic, Irish and North Seas), Executive Secretary of the UNEP/Secretariat of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), and Interim Executive Secretary of the UNEP/Gorilla Agreement.

From 2012, Mrema served as deputy director of the Ecosystems Division at the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). In this position she was tasked with overseeing the organization's coordination, operations, and programme delivery. She was then appointed Director of the Law Division at the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in June 2014. In 2018 she additionally served as acting director of the Corporate Services Division. She was the Director of the Law Division and has worked with UNEP for over two decades.

In November 2019, Mrema served an interim position as Officer in Charge of the CBD Secretariat*.* Starting in December 2019, Mrema served as Acting Executive Secretary of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Secretariat. In July 2020 it was announced that she would be appointed the Executive Secretary role.

## Other professional work

In addition to leadership roles, Mrema serves as a pro bono lecturer at the University of Nairobi \- Law School, and has previously lectured pro bono at International Development Law Organization (IDLO), Rome, Italy.

Mrema has published numerous articles on international environmental law and developed influential handbooks and guidelines for multilateral environmental agreements as well as other topics on environmental law.

## Honors and awards

In 2007, Mrema received the first-ever UNEP-wide Best Manager of the Year Award (the UNEP Baobab Staff Award) "for exceptional performance and dedication towards achieving the goals of UNEP".

In 2021, the IUCN World Commission on Environmental Law (WCEL), in collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), awarded Mrema with the Nicholas Robinson Award for Excellence in Environmental Law.

In 2022, Mrema was awarded the Kew International Medal by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew for her "vital work in championing the importance of biodiversity conservation and leading the most important international law mechanism for the sustainable use of biodiversity".

In 2023 she was included by Time magazine in their list of 'The 100 Most Influential People of 2023'.

## InfoBox

| Elizabeth Mrema | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Born | 5 January 1957 <br>Moshi Municipal Council |
| Alma mater |  |
| Occupation | Civil servant, lawyer |
| Awards |  |


title: Ao Changrong

abstract: Ao Changrong is a Chinese professional field hockey player who represented China at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. The team finished last in their group, and finished 11th after beating South Africa.

text:
# Ao Changrong

**Ao Changrong** (Chinese: 敖长荣; pinyin: *Áo Chángróng*, born 1 March 1983 in Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner, Inner Mongolia) is a Chinese professional field hockey player who represented China at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. The team finished last in their group, and finished 11th after beating South Africa.

## InfoBox

Ao Changrong
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1983-03-01) March 1, 1983
Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner,
Inner Mongolia, China | | |
| Height | 1.71 m (5 ft 7 in) | | |
| National team | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | China |  |  |


title: 1973 Ryder Cup

abstract:
The 20th Ryder Cup Matches were held at Muirfield in Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland.
The United States team won the competition by a score of 19 to 13 points. For the first time, what had previously been the "Great Britain" team was called "Great Britain and Ireland", although golfers from the Republic of Ireland had played since 1953, and from Northern Ireland since 1947. Muirfield had hosted the Open Championship the previous year, won by American Lee Trevino.

text:
# 1973 Ryder Cup

Muirfieldclass=notpageimage|Location in Scotland

The **20th Ryder Cup Matches** were held at Muirfield in Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland. The United States team won the competition by a score of 19 to 13 points. For the first time, what had previously been the "Great Britain" team was called "Great Britain and Ireland", although golfers from the Republic of Ireland had played since 1953, and from Northern Ireland since 1947.

Muirfield had hosted the Open Championship the previous year, won by American Lee Trevino.

## Format

The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. The competition format was adjusted slightly in 1973 from the format used from 1963 through 1971:

* **Day 1** — 4 foursomes (alternate shot) matches in a morning session and 4 four-ball (better ball) matches in an afternoon session
* **Day 2** — 4 foursome matches in a morning session and 4 four-ball matches in an afternoon session
* **Day 3** — 16 singles matches, 8 each in morning and afternoon sessions

With a total of 32 points, 1612 points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 18 holes.

## Teams

Source:

Selection for the Great Britain and Ireland team was based on a points list with points being earned between the 1972 Benson & Hedges Festival of Golf and the same event in 1973. Total points determined the order, with 30 points to the winner, 24 for the runner-up, down to 1 point for the player in 25th place. The leading 8 in the points list were guaranteed places, with the remaining 4 selected by a committee. The top 8 were: Oosterhuis, Coles, Jacklin, Bembridge, Barnes, Butler, O'Connor and Gallacher. The selection committee chose the players lying 9th to 12th in the list: Garner, Polland, Clark and Huggett.

| **Team Great Britain and Ireland** | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Name | Age | Previous
Ryder Cups | Matches | W–L–H | Winning
percentage |
| Bernard Hunt | 43 | Non-playing captain | | | |
| Brian Barnes | 28 | 2 | 6 | 2–4–0 | 33.33 |
| Maurice Bembridge | 28 | 2 | 7 | 3–3–1 | 50.00 |
| Peter Butler | 41 | 3 | 11 | 3–6–2 | 36.36 |
| Clive Clark | 28 | 0 | Rookie | | |
| Neil Coles | 38 | 6 | 32 | 11–15–6 | 43.75 |
| Bernard Gallacher | 24 | 2 | 9 | 5–3–1 | 61.11 |
| John Garner | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0–1–0 | 0.00 |
| Brian Huggett | 36 | 4 | 19 | 5–9–5 | 39.47 |
| Tony Jacklin | 29 | 3 | 17 | 7–6–4 | 52.94 |
| Christy O'Connor Snr | 48 | 9 | 31 | 10–18–3 | 37.10 |
| Peter Oosterhuis | 25 | 1 | 6 | 3–3–0 | 50.00 |
| Eddie Polland | 26 | 0 | Rookie | | |

Due to the rules of the PGA of America in place at the time, players with less than five years as a professional were not eligible for the U.S. team, which included reigning U.S. Open champion Johnny Miller and Lanny Wadkins. (These rules also kept Jack Nicklaus on the sidelines until 1969.) Miller made his Ryder Cup debut in 1975 and Wadkins in 1977.

| **Team USA** | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Name | Age | Previous
Ryder Cups | Matches | W–L–H | Winning
percentage |
| Jack Burke Jr. | 50 | Non-playing captain | | | |
| Tommy Aaron | 36 | 1 | 4 | 1–2–1 | 37.50 |
| Homero Blancas | 35 | 0 | Rookie | | |
| Gay Brewer | 41 | 1 | 5 | 3–2–0 | 60.00 |
| Billy Casper | 42 | 6 | 27 | 14–7–6 | 62.96 |
| Lou Graham | 35 | 0 | Rookie | | |
| Dave Hill | 36 | 1 | 6 | 4–2–0 | 66.67 |
| Jack Nicklaus | 33 | 2 | 10 | 6–3–1 | 65.00 |
| Arnold Palmer | 44 | 5 | 27 | 20–5–2 | 77.78 |
| Chi-Chi Rodríguez | 37 | 0 | Rookie | | |
| J. C. Snead | 32 | 1 | 4 | 4–0–0 | 100.00 |
| Lee Trevino | 33 | 2 | 11 | 6–3–2 | 63.64 |
| Tom Weiskopf | 30 | 0 | Rookie | | |

## Thursday's matches

### Morning foursomes

|  | Results |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Barnes/Gallacher** | 1 up | Trevino/Casper |
| **O'Connor/Coles** | 3 & 2 | Weiskopf/Snead |
| Jacklin/Oosterhuis | halved | Rodríguez/Graham |
| Bembridge/Polland | 6 & 5 | **Nicklaus/Palmer** |
| 212 | Session | 112 |
| 212 | Overall | 112 |

### Afternoon four-ball

|  | Results |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Barnes/Gallacher** | 5 & 4 | Aaron/Brewer |
| **Bembridge/Huggett** | 3 & 1 | Nicklaus/Palmer |
| **Jacklin/Oosterhuis** | 3 & 1 | Weiskopf/Casper |
| Coles/O'Connor | 2 & 1 | **Trevino/Blancas** |
| 3 | Session | 1 |
| 512 | Overall | 212 |

## Friday's matches

### Morning foursomes

|  | Results |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Barnes/Butler | 1 up | **Nicklaus/Weiskopf** |
| **Oosterhuis/Jacklin** | 2 up | Palmer/Hill |
| **Bembridge/Huggett** | 5 & 4 | Rodríguez/Graham |
| Coles/O'Connor | 2 & 1 | **Trevino/Casper** |
| 2 | Session | 2 |
| 712 | Overall | 412 |

### Afternoon four-ball

|  | Results |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Barnes/Butler | 2 up | **Snead/Palmer** |
| Jacklin/Oosterhuis | 3 & 2 | **Brewer/Casper** |
| Clark/Polland | 3 & 2 | **Nicklaus/Weiskopf** |
| Bembridge/Huggett | halved | Trevino/Blancas |
| 12 | Session | 312 |
| 8 | Overall | 8 |

## Saturday's matches

### Morning singles

|  | Results |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Brian Barnes | 2 & 1 | **Billy Casper** |
| Bernard Gallacher | 3 & 1 | **Tom Weiskopf** |
| Peter Butler | 5 & 4 | **Homero Blancas** |
| **Tony Jacklin** | 3 & 1 | Tommy Aaron |
| Neil Coles | halved | Gay Brewer |
| Christy O'Connor | 1 up | **J. C. Snead** |
| Maurice Bembridge | halved | Jack Nicklaus |
| Peter Oosterhuis | halved | Lee Trevino |
| 212 | Session | 512 |
| 1012 | Overall | 1312 |

### Afternoon singles

|  | Results |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Brian Huggett** | 4 & 2 | Homero Blancas |
| Brian Barnes | 3 & 1 | **J. C. Snead** |
| Bernard Gallacher | 6 & 5 | **Gay Brewer** |
| Tony Jacklin | 2 & 1 | **Billy Casper** |
| Neil Coles | 6 & 5 | **Lee Trevino** |
| Christy O'Connor | halved | Tom Weiskopf |
| Maurice Bembridge | 2 up | **Jack Nicklaus** |
| **Peter Oosterhuis** | 4 & 2 | Arnold Palmer |
| 212 | Session | 512 |
| 13 | Overall | 19 |

## Individual player records

Each entry refers to the win–loss–half record of the player.

Source:

### Great Britain and Ireland

| Player | Points | Overall | Singles | Foursomes | Fourballs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Brian Barnes | 2 | 2–4–0 | 0–2–0 | 1–1–0 | 1–1–0 |
| Maurice Bembridge | 3 | 2–2–2 | 0–1–1 | 1–1–0 | 1–0–1 |
| Peter Butler | 0 | 0–3–0 | 0–1–0 | 0–1–0 | 0–1–0 |
| Clive Clark | 0 | 0–1–0 | 0–0–0 | 0–0–0 | 0–1–0 |
| Neil Coles | 1.5 | 1–3–1 | 0–1–1 | 1–1–0 | 0–1–0 |
| Bernard Gallacher | 2 | 2–2–0 | 0–2–0 | 1–0–0 | 1–0–0 |
| Brian Huggett | 3.5 | 3–0–1 | 1–0–0 | 1–0–0 | 1–0–1 |
| Tony Jacklin | 3.5 | 3–2–1 | 1–1–0 | 1–0–1 | 1–1–0 |
| Christy O'Connor | 1.5 | 1–3–1 | 0–1–1 | 1–1–0 | 0–1–0 |
| Peter Oosterhuis | 4 | 3–1–2 | 1–0–1 | 1–0–1 | 1–1–0 |
| Eddie Polland | 0 | 0–2–0 | 0–0–0 | 0–1–0 | 0–1–0 |

John Garner did not play in any matches.

### United States

| Player | Points | Overall | Singles | Foursomes | Fourballs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Tommy Aaron | 0 | 0–2–0 | 0–1–0 | 0–0–0 | 0–1–0 |
| Homero Blancas | 2.5 | 2–1–1 | 1–1–0 | 0–0–0 | 1–0–1 |
| Gay Brewer | 2.5 | 2–1–1 | 1–0–1 | 0–0–0 | 1–1–0 |
| Billy Casper | 4 | 4–2–0 | 2–0–0 | 1–1–0 | 1–1–0 |
| Lou Graham | 0.5 | 0–1–1 | 0–0–0 | 0–1–1 | 0–0–0 |
| Dave Hill | 0 | 0–1–0 | 0–0–0 | 0–1–0 | 0–0–0 |
| Jack Nicklaus | 4.5 | 4–1–1 | 1–0–1 | 2–0–0 | 1–1–0 |
| Arnold Palmer | 2 | 2–3–0 | 0–1–0 | 1–1–0 | 1–1–0 |
| Chi-Chi Rodríguez | 0.5 | 0–1–1 | 0–0–0 | 0–1–1 | 0–0–0 |
| J. C. Snead | 3 | 3–1–0 | 2–0–0 | 0–1–0 | 1–0–0 |
| Lee Trevino | 4 | 3–1–2 | 1–0–1 | 1–1–0 | 1–0–1 |
| Tom Weiskopf | 3.5 | 3–2–1 | 1–0–1 | 1–1–0 | 1–1–0 |

56°02′35″N 2°49′23″W / 56.043°N 2.823°W / 56.043; -2.823

## InfoBox

20th Ryder Cup Matches
| Dates | 20–22 September 1973 |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Muirfield |
| Location | East Lothian, Scotland |
| Captains |  |
|
 13 19 | |
| United States wins the Ryder Cup | |
|


title: Electromethes

abstract: Electromethes is an extinct genus of beetle closely resembling members of the family Omethidae. It existed in what is now Lithuania during the Eocene epoch. It was described by Sergey V. Kazantsev in 2012, and contains the species Electromethes alleni, which was found within Baltic amber.

text:
# Electromethes

***Electromethes*** is an extinct genus of beetle closely resembling members of the family Omethidae. It existed in what is now Lithuania during the Eocene epoch. It was described by Sergey V. Kazantsev in 2012, and contains the species *Electromethes alleni*, which was found within Baltic amber.

## InfoBox

| *Electromethes* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Omethidae |
| Genus: | *Electromethes*<br>Kazantsev, 2012 |
|


title: 155th (South Scottish) Brigade

abstract: The 155th Brigade was an infantry brigade of the British Army that saw active service in both the First and the Second World Wars. Assigned to the 52nd (Lowland) Division, the brigade saw active service in the Middle East and on the Western Front during the First World War. During the Second World War, now the 155th Infantry Brigade, it continued to serve with the 52nd Division in Operation Dynamo, and later in North-western Europe from late 1944 until May 1945.

text:
# 155th (South Scottish) Brigade

The **155th (South Scottish) Brigade** was an infantry brigade of the British Army that saw active service in both the First and the Second World Wars. Assigned to the 52nd (Lowland) Division, the brigade saw active service in the Middle East and on the Western Front during the First World War. During the Second World War, now the **155th Infantry Brigade**, it continued to serve with the 52nd Division in Operation Dynamo, and later in North-western Europe from late 1944 until May 1945.

## Origins

The **Scottish Border Brigade** (originally the **South of Scotland Brigade**) was a Volunteer Infantry Brigade of the British Army formed in 1888.

The enthusiasm for the Volunteer movement following an invasion scare in 1859 saw the creation of many Rifle, Artillery and Engineer Volunteer units composed of part-time soldiers eager to supplement the Regular British Army in time of need. The Stanhope Memorandum of 1888 proposed a comprehensive Mobilisation Scheme for Volunteer units, which would assemble in their own brigades at key points in case of war. In peacetime, these brigades provided a structure for collective training. Under this scheme the Volunteer Battalions in the Scottish Border areas would assemble at Hawick.

From 1888, the South of Scotland/Scottish Border Brigade had the following composition:

In the early 1890s, the two Black Watch battalions were replaced by:

After a further reorganisation in 1902, the 1st and 2nd VBs of the Royal Scots Fusiliers (at Kilmarnock and Ayr respectively) replaced the two battalions of the Royal Scots.

The Brigade Headquarters (HQ) and place of assembly was at Hawick and Colonel Viscount Melgund (later 4th Earl of Minto) was appointed brigade commander on 11 July 1888. From 1900, the brigade commander was the Officer Commanding the 25th Regimental District (the KOSB district) at Berwick-upon-Tweed, then from 1906 it was commanded by retired Colonel P.D. Trotter.

## Territorial Force

After the Volunteers were subsumed into the new Territorial Force (TF) under the Haldane Reforms of 1908, the **South Scottish Brigade** (as it was now designated) formed part of the Lowland Division of the TF with the following composition:

* 4th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers, at Kilmarnock
* 5th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers, at Ayr
* 4th (Border) Battalion, Kings Own Scottish Borderers (from 1st Roxburgh & Selkirk VRC and 2nd VB), at Galashiels
* 5th (Dumfries & Galloway) Battalion, Kings Own Scottish Borderers (from 3rd VB and Galloway VRC), at Dumfries

## First World War

On the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914, the Lowland Division was mobilised for full-time war service. In 1915, the division was numbered as the 52nd (Lowland) Division and the brigade the **155th (1/1st South Scottish) Brigade** and the battalions received the '1/' prefix (1/4th Royal Royal Scots Fusiliers) to distinguish them from their 2nd Line units being formed as the 194th (2/1st South Scottish) Brigade, part of 65th (2nd Lowland) Division. During the First World War the brigade served in the Middle Eastern theatre and later on the Western Front.

### First World War order of battle

* 1/4th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers
* 1/5th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers
* 1/4th Battalion, King's Own Scottish Borderers
* 1/5th Battalion, King's Own Scottish Borderers (left 28 June 1918)
* 155th Machine Gun Company, Machine Gun Corps (formed 23 March 1916, moved to 52nd Battalion, Machine Gun Corps 28 April 1918)
* 155th Trench Mortar Battery (formed 24 May 1917)

## Between the wars

After the war, the brigade and division were both disbanded as was the Territorial Force. The Territorial Force was, however, reformed in 1920 as the Territorial Army and the 52nd Division was reconstituted as was the brigade, which was redesignated as the **155th (South Scottish) Infantry Brigade**. The brigade was reformed with the same units as it had before the First World War.

In 1921, the 4th and 5th battalions of the Royal Scots Fusiliers were amalgamated into the 4th/5th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers and it was later transferred to the 156th (Scottish Rifles) Infantry Brigade, later redesignated 156th (West Scottish) Infantry Brigade. The 155th Brigade later received the 4th/5th (Queen's Edinburgh Rifles) Battalion, Royal Scots (the amalgamated 4th and 5th battalions) and the 7th/9th (Highlanders) Battalion, Royal Scots (the amalgamated 7th and 9th) both arrived from 156th Brigade and was redesignated **155th (East Scottish) Infantry Brigade**.

In the late 1930s, there was an increasing need for anti-aircraft defences throughout Britain and many infantry battalions were converted into anti-aircraft or searchlight units of the Royal Artillery or Royal Engineers. In 1938, all infantry brigades of the British Army were reduced from four to three battalions and, in the same year, the 4th/5th Battalion, Royal Scots was converted into an anti-aircraft role, becoming the 4th/5th Battalion, Royal Scots (52nd Searchlight Regiment). In 1939 the brigade was finally redesignated **155th Infantry Brigade**.

## Second World War

During the Second World War, the 155th Infantry Brigade served with the 52nd Division during Operation Aerial in France in 1940 to cover the withdrawal of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) which was being evacuated from France. The 52nd Division was itself evacuated from France on 17 June 1940, and spent many years on anti-invasion duties, training to repel an expected German invasion of Britain. From May 1942 to June 1944, the division was trained in mountain warfare yet was never used in the role. They were then trained in airlanding operations but were, again, never utilised in the role. In October 1944, they were sent to Belgium as a standard infantry division to join the 21st Army Group and were attached to First Canadian Army and fought in the Battle of the Scheldt where the 52nd Division gained an excellent reputation. The brigade was attached to 7th Armoured Division during Operation Blackcock in 1945 and ended the war by the River Elbe.

### Second World War order of battle

156th Brigade was constituted as follows during the war:

### commanders

The following officers commanded 155th Brigade during the war:

* Brigadier T. Grainger-Stewart (until 14 February 1942)
* Brigadier C.D. Moorhead (from 14 February until 28 July 1942)
* Lieutenant-Colonel T.H.M. Murray (Acting, from 28 to 30 July 1942)
* Brigadier G.P. Miller (from 30 July 1942 until 27 January 1943)
* Lieutenant-Colonel J.T. Campbell (Acting, from 27 January until 16 February 1943)
* Brigadier E. Hakewill Smith (from 16 February until 19 November 1943)
* Lieutenant-Colonel W.F.R. Turner (Acting, from 19 November until 9 December 1943)
* Lieutenant-Colonel W.A.H. Maxwell (Acting, from 9 to 11 December 1943)
* Brigadier J.F.S. McLaren (from 11 December 1943 until 4 February 1945, from 20 February to 25 June, again from 30 June to 31 July, and again from 12 August 1945)
* Lieutenant-Colonel W.F.R. Turner (Acting, from 4 to 15 February 1945)
* Lieutenant-Colonel E.L. Percival (Acting, from 15 to 20 February 1945)
* Lieutenant-Colonel J.G. Dawson (Acting, from 25 to 30 June 1945)
* Lieutenant-Colonel E.L. Percival (Acting, from 31 July until 12 August 1945)

## Victoria Cross recipients

## Bibliography

* A.F. Becke,*History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2a: The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42–56)*, London: HM Stationery Office, 1935/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, ISBN 1-847347-39-8.
* John K. Dunlop, *The Development of the British Army 1899–1914*, London: Methuen, 1938.
* Joslen, Hubert Frank (1960). *Orders of Battle, United Kingdom and Colonial Formations and Units in the Second World War, 1939–1945*. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. ISBN 1-84342-474-6.
* Edward M. Spiers, *The Army and Society 1815–1914*, London: Longmans, 1980, ISBN 0-582-48565-7.
* R.R. Thompson, *The Fifty-Second (Lowland) Division 1914–1918*, Glasgow: Maclehose, Jackson 1923/Uckfield: Naval & Military, 2004, ISBN 978-1-84342993-7.

## External sources

## InfoBox

| South Scottish Brigade
155th (South Scottish) Brigade
155th Infantry Brigade
155th Independent Infantry Brigade | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 1902-1919
1920–1946
1947-1955 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Territorial Army |
| Type | Infantry, Mountain and Air Landing |
| Size | Brigade |
| Part of | 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division |


title: 1973 Western Championships

abstract: The 1973 Western Championships, also known as the Cincinnati Open, was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Queen City Racquet Club in the Sharonville suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio in the United States that was part of the 1973 Commercial Union Assurance Grand Prix. The tournament was held from August 6 through August 12, 1973. Ilie Năstase and Evonne Goolagong won the singles titles.

text:
# 1973 Western Championships

The **1973 Western Championships**, also known as the Cincinnati Open, was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Queen City Racquet Club in the Sharonville suburb of Cincinnati, Ohio in the United States that was part of the 1973 Commercial Union Assurance Grand Prix. The tournament was held from August 6 through August 12, 1973. Ilie Năstase and Evonne Goolagong won the singles titles.

## Finals

### Men's singles

Ilie Năstase defeated  Manuel Orantes 5–7, 6–3, 6–4

### Women's singles

Evonne Goolagong defeated  Chris Evert 6–2, 7–5

### Men's doubles

John Alexander /  Phil Dent defeated  Brian Gottfried /  Raúl Ramírez 1–6, 7–6, 7–6

### Women's doubles

Ilana Kloss /  Pat Pretorius defeated  Evonne Goolagong /  Janet Young 7–6, 3–6, 6–2

## InfoBox

| 1973 Western Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | August 6 – 12 |
| Edition | 73rd |
| Category | Grand Prix Circuit |
| Draw | 32S / 16D |
| Prize money | $50,000 |
| Surface | Clay / outdoor |
| Location | Cincinnati, Ohio, US |
| Venue | Queen City Racquet Club |
| Champions | |
| Men's singles | |
| Ilie Năstase | |
| Women's singles | |
| Evonne Goolagong | |
| Men's doubles | |
| John Alexander /  Phil Dent | |
| Women's doubles | |
| Ilana Kloss /  Pat Pretorius | |
|  | |


title: Anish Sood

abstract: Anish Sood, also known by his alias, Anyasa, is an Indian music producer, songwriter and DJ. He is currently signed to English deep house label Anjunadeep and released his debut Gaya EP as Anyasa in July 2021.

text:
# Anish Sood

**Anish Sood,** also known by his alias, **Anyasa** (born 22 November 1989), is an Indian music producer, songwriter and DJ. He is currently signed to English deep house label Anjunadeep and released his debut Gaya EP as Anyasa in July 2021.

## Early life

Anish Sood was born and brought up in Goa, India. He attended high school in Vasco da Gama, Goa. Anish holds a bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering from Goa Engineering College. His father and uncle are guitar players and he started collecting cassettes and CDs at the age of 9. Anish's first exposure to electronic music was Armin van Buuren's A State of Trance podcast and he started DJing in high school at the age of 15, soon gaining popularity for the college parties he organized and performed at. He quickly moved on to playing local nightclubs in Goa and soon made regular nightclub and festival appearances.

He has been booked to play at major Indian festivals, including Sunburn Festival in Goa, NH7 Weekender and Enchanted Valley Carnival. He has performed alongside artists such as David Guetta, Kygo, Axwell and Ingrosso, Tiësto, Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike, Steve Aoki, Kshmr and Afrojack.

## Career

### 2008–11: Early beginnings

Anish signed on a residency at a local club where he started booking and performing with talent from around the country. This is where he connected with Mumbai-based promoter Submerge who started booking him at shows around the country. In 2010, Anish entered the Sunburn Anthem remix contest along with his childhood friend Rishabh Joshi and their remix for Nadia Ali's Love Story won them a slot at Sunburn Festival. He released his debut international single in 2011 on Trance legend Marcel Woods's imprint Musical Madness.

### 2012–13: Invasion Festival and Hello World Tours

Anish performed as direct support to David Guetta on his maiden India tour in March 2012 at Invasion Festival. His performance was widely acclaimed and this helped catapult him to the forefront of the Indian electronic scene. He subsequently supported David Guetta on all his Indian tours.

In April 2012, Anish released his first EP on Dutch artist Miss Nine's 925 Music label featuring vocals by Indian singer/songwriter Ramona Arena. He followed this up with another EP featuring Ramona titled "Hello World" and later released a single featuring British singer/songwriter Zoe Klinck titled "We Won't Stay".

In August 2013, Anish announced a 6 city tour in to promote his new single "Hello World" with Ramona Arena. They performed in New Delhi, Kolkata, Goa, Pune, Mumbai and Bangalore with Anish DJing and Ramona singing live.

### 2014–16: Sunburn On Air, Superfly, Tomorrowland Unite

In April 2014, Anish won the prestigious MyFav Best House DJ and DJ Of The Year awards and was once again voted MyFav Best House DJ in 2015. In May 2014, he also launched a weekly podcast, Sunburn On Air in collaboration with Sunburn Festival. The podcast has featured guestmixes by artists such as Afrojack, Hardwell and MAKJ to name a few. The podcast was discontinued in 2016.

In April 2015, Anish collaborated with popular Indian singer Anushka Manchanda and upcoming indie producer Nanok to release "Superfly". The track peaked at #3 on the iTunes India chart.

In June 2015, Belgian dance music festival Tomorrowland hosted a live stream event in Mumbai and Mexico. The stream featured Martin Garrix, Armin Van Buuren and Dimitri Vegas and Like Mike. Anish Sood played a live opening set before the stream at the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Indoor Stadium in Mumbai.

On 13 December 2015, Anish performed alongside Hardwell at a free concert entitled "The World's Biggest Guestlist" in Mumbai. All the proceeds of the festival were donated to the Magic Bus Charity Project, which enables children from poor backgrounds to achieve better education in co-operation with the United We Are Foundation and Guestlist Events.

On 28 August 2016, Anish was the first electronic artist invited to perform at the renowned National Centre for the Performing Arts (India). Anish also performed at the debut Electric Daisy Carnival in New Delhi on 13 November 2016.

Towards the end of 2016 he released a remix of Autograf's Metaphysical which has since become one of his most successful releases to-date with over 700,000 plays on Spotify as well as being licensed in the OST for Ubisoft's video game Steep.

### 2017–2020: Class Action, Future Perfect

Anish started 2017 with the launch of his own label "Class Action" and the single "Don't Stop" featuring vocals from Los Angeles-based singer/songwriter Charlie Sputnik. The track received widespread media attention and peaked at #6 on the Music Week Club Charts. He followed this up with another single titled "Going Under" this time featuring London based singer/songwriter Andy Wilson-Taylor.

Anish's single "Starry Night" featuring LA-based singer Zach Sorgen and Atlanta-based rapper Kelechi was released on 24 November accompanied by a music video shot on the Amalfi Coast. "Starry Night" won an award for Best Electronica/Dance Single at the Independent Music Awards in New York, thus making him the first Indian to win this award.

He also supported Norwegian DJ and producer Kygo on his debut India tour and performed at It's The Ship, Singapore and Womb, Tokyo.

In February 2018, Anish released the single "Castles" featuring vocals by Canadian-Indo singer Jonita Gandhi. The track was accompanied by a music video shot in Cappadocia.

Anish released two singles in 2020 with Indian American singer/songwriter Lisa Mishra titled 'Running Back To You' and French songwriter Charlie Sputnik titled 'Say My Name'.

On 18 July 2020, Anish Sood, Ritviz and Nucleya conducted an online virtual concert named retroFuture.

### 2021-Present: Anyasa, Anjunadeep

In July 2021, Anish rebranded his artist project to Anyasa which translates to "spontaneous and effortless" in Sanskrit. He signed with English deep house label Anjunadeep and is the first Indian artist signed to the label. DJ Mag included him in its "12 emerging artists to watch" list in October 2021.

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Awards | Category | Recipient | Outcome | Ref(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 | MyFav Awards | DJ Of The Year | Anish Sood | Won |  |
| 2016 | Global Indian Music Awards | Best Electronica Single | Anish Sood, Nanok - Superfly feat. Anushka Manchanda | Nominated |  |
| 2018 | Independent Music Awards | Dance/Electronica Song | Anish Sood - Starry Night feat. Zach Sorgen & Kelechi | Won |  |

Anish has also been featured on GQ India's 50 best dressed Indian men list in 2014, 2015 and 2016.

## Other ventures

Anish has endorsed American denim brand Levi Strauss & Co. in India since 2015. He has carried out a wide range of promotional activities for them including visiting and reviewing Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival.

Sood is also very active in the international dance music conference circuit and he was the curator for Amsterdam Dance Event's Global Sessions in Mumbai. He has also been invited to speak at International Music Summit and Tokyo Dance Music Event.

In August 2017 he was invited to speak at TEDxGECSalon (the TEDx Salon event of his alma mater, Goa Engineering College).

## Discography

### EPs

* Anish Sood, Ramona Arena – Wanna Be Your Only Love \[925 Music\] (2012)
* Anish Sood, Ramona Arena – Hello World \[925 Music\] (2013)
* Anyasa – Gaya EP \[Anjunadeep\] (2021)
* Anyasa – Athena EP \[Anjunadeep\] (2022)
* Anyasa – Apollo EP \[Anjunadeep\] (2023)

### Singles

* Anish Sood & Beta 5 – Catapult \[Musical Madness\] (2011)
* Anish Sood – What She Wants (2013)
* Anish Sood – We Won't Stay feat. Zoë Klinck (2014)
* Anish Sood, Nanok – Superfly feat. Anushka Manchanda (2015)
* Anish Sood, Charlie Sputnik – Don't Stop \[Class Action\] (2017)
* Anish Sood – Going Under feat. Andy Wilson-Taylor \[Class Action\] (2017)
* Anish Sood – Starry Night feat. Zach Sorgen & Kelechi \[Class Action\] (2017)
* Anish Sood – Castles feat. Jonita Gandhi \[Class Action\] (2018)
* Anish Sood – Mountain Of A Man feat. TRISHES & TMPO \[Class Action\] (2018)
* Anish Sood – Running Back To You feat. Lisa Mishra \[Class Action\] (2020)
* Anish Sood – Say My Name feat. Charlie Sputnik \[Class Action\] (2020)
* Anyasa - Closure feat. Coulson \[Anjunadeep\] (2024)

### Remixes

* Nadia Ali – Love Story (Anish Sood & Rishabh Joshi Remix) \[Times Music\] (2010)
* Teenu Arora feat. Megha – Dreams (Anish Sood Remix) \[Pearlicka Records\] (2012)
* Mazzr feat. Kadri Gopalnath – Tillana (Anish Sood Remix) \[System Recordings\] (2013)
* Jimmy Kennedy, Aneesh Gera feat. Pryce Oliver – Once in a Lifetime (Anish Sood Remix) \[Weekend Millionaires\] (2014)
* Sandunes feat. Nicholson – Slybounce (Anish Sood Remix) \[High Chai Recordings\] (2014)
* Oozeundat - The Feud (Anish Sood Remix) \[Qilla Records\] (2015)
* Autograf feat. Janelle Kroll - Metaphysical (Anish Sood Remix) \[Counter Records\] (2016)
* Autograf feat. Victoria Zaro - Simple (Anish Sood Remix) \[Spinnin Records\] (2017)
* Stalvart – Wobble Disko (Anish Sood Remix) \[Class Action\] (2020)
* Sixth Ocean – Swerve (Anish Sood Remix) \[Class Action\] (2020)
* Ritviz \- Thandi Hawa (Anish Sood Remix) (2020)
* Mali – Age Of Limbo (Anish Sood Remix) \[Class Action\] (2020)
* Marsh & Wassu feat. Mariel Beausejour - Forgiveness (Anyasa Remix) \[Anjunadeep\] (2023)
* Eelke Kleijn \- Time Machine (Anyasa Remix) \[Days Like Nights\] (2024)

## InfoBox

| Anish Sood | |
| --- | --- |
| Anish Sood Live at BIT Ranchi | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Anish Sood |
| Also known as | Anyasa |
| Born | (1989-11-22) 22 November 1989
Goa, India |
| Genres |

 |


title: Antônio Cardoso

abstract: Antônio Cardoso is a municipality in the state of Bahia in the Northeast region of Brazil. Its name is a tribute to Colonel Antônio Cardoso de Sousa (1848–1932), the former owner of extensive properties and a figure with political and economic power. A namesake grandson was the first mayor of the municipality. The occupation of the territory of Antônio Cardoso began in the 17th century, with Jesuits who built a chapel in honor of Saint Stephen. The former inhabitants were the Paiaiá indigenous people. As of 2022, its population was divided into 55% Black, 40% Pardo, 4.9% White, and 0.1% Indigenous and 0.1% Asian.

text:
# Antônio Cardoso

**Antônio Cardoso** is a municipality in the state of Bahia in the Northeast region of Brazil. Its name is a tribute to Colonel Antônio Cardoso de Sousa (1848–1932), the former owner of extensive properties and a figure with political and economic power. A namesake grandson was the first mayor of the municipality. The occupation of the territory of Antônio Cardoso began in the 17th century, with Jesuits who built a chapel in honor of Saint Stephen. The former inhabitants were the Paiaiá indigenous people. As of 2022, its population was divided into 55% Black, 40% Pardo, 4.9% White, and 0.1% Indigenous and 0.1% Asian.

## InfoBox

| Antônio Cardoso | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 12°26′06″S 39°07′12″W / 12.43500°S 39.12000°W / -12.43500; -39.12000 | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Region | Northeast |
| State | Bahia |
| Founded | 18 April 1962 |
| Population (2022) | |
| Total | 11,146 |
| Demonym | cardosense |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |
| Postal code | 2901700 |


title: Eupachygaster tarsalis

abstract: Eupachygaster tarsalis, the sarce black, is a European and Asian species of soldier fly.

text:
# Eupachygaster tarsalis

***Eupachygaster tarsalis***, the **sarce black**, is a European and Asian species of soldier fly.

## Distribution

Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkmenistan, Yugoslavia.

## InfoBox

| *Eupachygaster tarsalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Eupachygaster tarsalis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Stratiomyidae |
| Subfamily: | Pachygastrinae |
| Genus: | *Eupachygaster* |
| Species: | ***E. tarsalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eupachygaster tarsalis***<br>(Zetterstedt, 1842) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Eberhard Freitag

abstract: Eberhard Freitag is a German mathematician, specializing in complex analysis and especially modular forms.

text:
# Eberhard Freitag

**Eberhard Freitag** (born 19 May 1942, in Mühlacker) is a German mathematician, specializing in complex analysis and especially modular forms.

## Education and career

Freitag studied from 1961 mathematics, physics and astronomy at Heidelberg University, where he received in 1964 his Diplom and in 1966 his Ph.D. (promotion), supervised by Hans Maaß (and also Albrecht Dold), with thesis *Modulformen zweiten Grades zum rationalen und Gaußschen Zahlkörper*, published in Sitzungsberichte Heidelberger Akad. Wiss. 1967. From 1964 he was a research assistant at the Mathematischen Institut in Heidelberg, where he received at the end of 1969 his habilitation and became there a Privatdozent and in 1970 a scientific advisor. In 1970–1971 he was a visiting professor at Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main. In 1973 he became a professor ordinarius at the University of Mainz. In 1977 he became a professor ordinarius at Heidelberg University, where from 1991 to 1993 he was the dean of the Faculty of Mathematics.

Freitag's research (like that of his teacher Maaß) deals primarily with the theory of modular forms, but approaches modular forms via algebraic geometry. Among other work, Freitag described this theory in two monographs published by Springer Verlag in Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften. These two books and the first volume of his series on function theory are standard references. In 1974 in Vancouver he was an Invited Speaker of the ICM with talk *Singularitäten von Modulmannigfaltigkeiten und Körper Automorpher Funktionen*. In 1998 he proved with Rainer Weissauer and Richard Borcherds the existence of a Siegel cusp form of degree 12 and weight 12 using the theta series associated with the 24 Niemeier lattices of dimension 24. Freitag also demonstrated that the Siegel modular variety *Ag* is of general type when *g = 8*.

## Selected publications

* with Rolf Busam: *Funktionentheorie 1.* Springer-Verlag, 1993, 4th edition 2006, ISBN 3540317643, *Complex Analysis*, 2006, Eng. trans. of 4th edition
* *Funktionentheorie 2: Riemannsche Flächen, Mehrere komplexe Variable, Abelsche Funktionen, Höhere Modulformen*, Springer-Verlag, 2009
* *Hilbert Modular Forms.* Springer-Verlag, Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften, 1990, ISBN 978-3540505860 2013 pbk reprint
* *Singular Modular Forms and Theta Relations.* In: *Lecture Notes in Mathematics.* vol. 1487, Springer-Verlag, 1991, ISBN 3540547045; 2006 pbk reprint
* with Reinhardt Kiehl: *Etale Cohomology and the Weil Conjecture*, Springer Verlag, 1988, ISBN 978-0387121758
* *Siegelsche Modulfunktionen.* Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1983, Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften vol. 254, ISBN 978-3540116615

## Sources

* Dagmar Drüll *Heidelberger Gelehrtenlexikon 1933-1986*, Springer 2009

1. Eberhard Freitag at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
2. Freitag's ICM 1974 talk http://www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/~t91/pubpdf/11/freitag11.pdf.
3. Borcherds, Freitag, Weissauer *A Siegel cusp form of degree 12 and weight 12*, Journal für die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik, vol. 494, 1998, pp. 141–153.
4. Freitag, Eberhard (1983). *Siegelsche Modulfunktionen* (in German). Springer-Verlag.
5. Gouvêa, Fernando Q. (25 February 2006). "Review of *Complex Analysis* by Eberhard Freitag and Rolf Busam". *MAA Reviews, Mathematical Association of America*.
6. Van der Geer, Gerard (1991). "Review: *Hilbert modular forms* by Eberhard Freitag" (PDF). *Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.)*. **25** (2): 441–445. doi:10.1090/s0273-0979-1991-16088-x.
7. Katz, Nicholas (1990). "Review: *Etale cohomology and the Weil conjecture* by Eberhard Freitag and Reinhardt Kiehl" (PDF). *Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.)*. **22** (1): 230–231. doi:10.1090/S0273-0979-1990-15886-0.

## InfoBox

| Eberhard Freitag | |
| --- | --- |
| Eberhard Freitag, Oberwolfach 1977. | |
| Born | (1942-05-19) 19 May 1942
Mühlacker, Germany |
| Alma mater | Heidelberg University(Ph.D. and B.S.) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Mathematics |
| Institutions | Heidelberg University, University of Mainz, Goethe University Frankfurt |
| Thesis | *Modulformen zweiten Grades zum rationalen und Gaußschen*  (1966) |
| Doctoral advisor | Hans Maaß and Albrecht Dold |
|  | |


title: 1918 Ross by-election

abstract: The 1918 Ross by-election was held on 4 May 1918. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Percy Clive, being killed in action in the First World War. It was won by the Conservative candidate Charles Pulley.

text:
# 1918 Ross by-election

The **1918 Ross by-election** was held on 4 May 1918. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Percy Clive, being killed in action in the First World War. It was won by the Conservative candidate Charles Pulley.

Ross by-election, 1918
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Unionist** | **Charles Pulley** | **3,260** | **64.6** | **+14.0** |
|  | National Farmers Union | T. Percy Preece | 1,784 | 35.4 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 1,476 | 29.2 | +28.0 |
| Turnout | | | 5,044 | 44.2 | −41.4 |
|  | Unionist **hold** | | Swing | -1.4 |  |


title: Durrow, County Laois

abstract: Durrow is a village located in south-east County Laois, Ireland. Bypassed by the M8 motorway on 28 May 2010, the village is located on the R639 road at its junction with the N77. The River Erkina flows through Durrow and joins the River Nore about 1.5 km east of the village. The village takes its name from the Irish Darmhagh Ua nDuach. It is in a civil parish of the same name.

text:
# Durrow, County Laois

**Durrow** (Irish: *Darú*, formerly *Darmhagh Ua nDuach*) is a village located in south-east County Laois, Ireland. Bypassed by the M8 motorway on 28 May 2010, the village is located on the R639 road at its junction with the N77. The River Erkina flows through Durrow and joins the River Nore about 1.5 km east of the village.

The village takes its name from the Irish *Darmhagh Ua nDuach* (meaning 'the oak plain \[in the territory\] of Ui Duach'). It is in a civil parish of the same name.

## History

The earliest recorded church in the village was in 1155. Evidence from the Archaeological Survey carried out by the Office of Public Works in 1995 suggests that this area has been visited, if not inhabited, since as early as the Bronze Age. An urn-burial found on the lands of Moyne Estate dates roughly to the same period as those found at iron mills and Ballymartin (900–1400BC). Fulachta Fiadh (early cooking sites) have been identified at Aharney and near Ballacolla. The ring forts and other enclosures that dot the landscape point to a more permanent, if dispersed, settlement of the land by the Celts (500BC–500AD). At some point in pre-history, the land was part of the Kingdom of Ossory, and remained so as part of Upper Ossory into the seventeenth century.

Numerous religious settlements in the area date back to the 6th century. While the monastery founded by St. Fintan on the banks of the Erkina is perhaps the best renowned, documented evidence exists for other such establishments at Dunmore, Clonageera, Dereen, the Course wood, Tinweir, Ballinaslee, Tubberboe and Newtown.

The coming of the Normans in the 12th century sounded the death knell for many of these early Christian settlements and the lands were subsumed (despite heated objections from the Earls Marshall, who wanted it for themselves) into the Manor of Durrow, an Episcopal Manor for the Bishops of Ossory. Indeed, it was this development that sowed the seeds for the establishment of the town of Durrow as we now know it. In 1245, Geoffrey de Turville, Bishop of Ossory from 1244 to 1250, was granted permission from the King to hold a yearly fair at this manor for six days beginning on St. Swithin's Day and a weekly market on a Thursday.

After the Reformation, the manor passed into the ownership of the Earl of Ormond. In 1600, when Upper Ossory was made part of Queen's County (now Laois), Ormond ensured that Durrow remained an enclave of County Kilkenny where he was based. Ormond released the manor on 19 February 1708 to "William Flower and his heirs, forever". It was under the patronage of Flower and his descendants, the Lords Ashbrook, that the present town developed and prospered. In 1841–42 it was transferred from Kilkenny to Queen's County.

## Climate

A weather station broadcasts from Durrow providing real-time data. The station was set up in May 2008. It is a Davis ProVantage 2 station and monitors temperature, rain, wind, wind direction, humidity and atmospheric pressure. Also, a Met Éireann climate station (472) was installed in 2010 and the observations are sent to Dublin on a monthly basis. The climatological station measures rainfall in a manual gauge, soil temperatures at depths of 5 cm, 10 cm and 20 cm, and air temperatures including wet-bulb, daily max, daily min and grass minimum temperatures. The station is envisaged to last thirty years and establish a climate profile for Durrow.

The weather of the town can be described as temperate with rare extremes when compared to other locations around the world. However, when looking at the observations and comparing it to other locations around Ireland it is notable that Durrow is amongst the warmest locations in the country during the summer and the coldest in winter. The record high temperature of 32.1c was recorded during the heatwave of Mid-August 2022 and set a new National record for Ireland for the month of August, whilst the record low temperature of -14.0c was recorded on Christmas morning 2010.

The table below was last updated on 16 August 2022.

Climate data for Durrow Met Éireann Station 472 Weather Observing Station 2010 – 2022 (*Extremes January 2010 to 2022*)
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.7
(60.3) | 15.0
(59.0) | 19.8
(67.6) | 22.8
(73.0) | 25.4
(77.7) | 31.3
(88.3) | 31.2
(88.2) | 32.1
(89.8) | 28.3
(82.9) | 20.5
(68.9) | 16.8
(62.2) | 14.8
(58.6) | 32.1
(89.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.9
(46.2) | 8.3
(46.9) | 10.5
(50.9) | 12.8
(55.0) | 15.7
(60.3) | 18.3
(64.9) | 20.0
(68.0) | 19.7
(67.5) | 17.3
(63.1) | 13.7
(56.7) | 10.2
(50.4) | 8.2
(46.8) | 13.6
(56.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.8
(40.6) | 5.0
(41.0) | 6.7
(44.1) | 8.4
(47.1) | 10.9
(51.6) | 13.7
(56.7) | 15.5
(59.9) | 15.2
(59.4) | 13.0
(55.4) | 10.0
(50.0) | 6.9
(44.4) | 5.1
(41.2) | 9.6
(49.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.7
(35.1) | 1.7
(35.1) | 2.9
(37.2) | 4.0
(39.2) | 6.1
(43.0) | 9.1
(48.4) | 11.0
(51.8) | 10.7
(51.3) | 8.7
(47.7) | 6.3
(43.3) | 3.6
(38.5) | 2.0
(35.6) | 5.6
(42.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −11.3
(11.7) | −5.6
(21.9) | −9.7
(14.5) | −6.3
(20.7) | −2.4
(27.7) | 0.6
(33.1) | 4.1
(39.4) | 2.6
(36.7) | −1.6
(29.1) | −3.4
(25.9) | −8.7
(16.3) | −14.0
(6.8) | −14.0
(6.8) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 92.0
(3.62) | 67.0
(2.64) | 71.0
(2.80) | 62.0
(2.44) | 65.0
(2.56) | 66.0
(2.60) | 65.0
(2.56) | 81.0
(3.19) | 72.0
(2.83) | 100.0
(3.94) | 90.0
(3.54) | 89.0
(3.50) | 920.0
(36.22) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 1.0mm) | 13 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 135 |
| Average snowy days | 3.6 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 2.0 | 12.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 80 | 74 | 68 | 64 | 64 | 65 | 65 | 66 | 69 | 76 | 78 | 82 | 71 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 55.8 | 64.4 | 99.2 | 147.0 | 173.6 | 147.0 | 145.7 | 145.7 | 124.0 | 93.0 | 66.0 | 49.6 | 1,314 |
| Source: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Sport

The local Gaelic Athletic Association club, The Harps, was formed in the 1980s following the amalgamation of former clubs representing Durrow and nearby Cullohill. Lions A.F.C. was a local soccer club which, as of 2022, had folded.

Laois Kayak and Canoe Club is a kayaking club based in the area.

## Transport

TFI Local Link routes 828 and 858, operated by JJ Kavanaghs as of 2021, serve Durrow on the Portlaoise to Cashel and Thurles route. Slieve Bloom Coaches operate a town link service, from Borris in Ossory to Portlaoise, which serves the town. This used to only operate on weekdays, but was extended to operate on weekends and bank holidays. Bus Éireann's *Expressway* service between Dublin and Cork ceased to serve Durrow in June 2012. As an interim measure until November 2012, Bus Éireann operated a shuttle service (route 128) to connect with *Expressway* services at Portlaoise.

## Amenities

There are a number of walks and cycle paths around the Durrow area. These include the Leafy Loop which runs by the River Nore. There is also woodland in the vicinity of Durrow, such as Bishops Wood, which extends on both sides of the R693 regional road (Dublin - Cork road). The river Erkina, a tributary of the River Nore, is also in the area.

## Scarecrow festival

Durrow's "Scarecrow Festival" takes place during the summer, and involves people from the area making their own scarecrows. The festival first took place in 2009, and was nominated for "Best Festival of 2012 and 2013" in the Irish Times Ticket Awards. The 2020 and 2021 events were cancelled as part of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland.

## People

## InfoBox

| Durrow *Darú* | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Gate lodge at the entrance to Castle Durrow | |
| DurrowLocation in Ireland | |
| Coordinates: 52°50′39″N 7°23′33″W / 52.8442°N 07.3925°W / 52.8442; -07.3925 | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Leinster |
| County | County Laois |
| Elevation | 95 m (312 ft) |
| Population (2016) | 835 |
| Irish Grid Reference | S405773 |
| Website | www.durrow.ie |


title: Elementary comparison testing

abstract: Elementary comparison testing (ECT) is a white-box, control-flow, test-design methodology used in software development. The purpose of ECT is to enable detailed testing of complex software. Software code or pseudocode is tested to assess the proper handling of all decision outcomes. As with multiple-condition coverage and basis path testing, coverage of all independent and isolated conditions is accomplished through modified condition/decision coverage (MC/DC). Isolated conditions are aggregated into connected situations creating formal test cases. The independence of a condition is shown by changing the condition value in isolation. Each relevant condition value is covered by test cases.

text:
# Elementary comparison testing

**Elementary comparison testing** (**ECT**) is a white-box, control-flow, test-design methodology used in software development. The purpose of ECT is to enable detailed testing of complex software. Software code or pseudocode is tested to assess the proper handling of all decision outcomes. As with multiple-condition coverage and basis path testing, coverage of all independent and isolated conditions is accomplished through modified condition/decision coverage (MC/DC). Isolated conditions are aggregated into connected situations creating formal test cases. The independence of a condition is shown by changing the condition value in isolation. Each relevant condition value is covered by test cases.

## Test case

A test case consists of a logical path through one or many decisions from start to end of a process. Contradictory situations are deduced from the test case matrix and excluded. The MC/DC approach isolates every condition, neglecting all possible subpath combinations and path coverage. $T=n+1$ where

* *T* is the number of test cases per decision and
* *n* the number of conditions.

The decision $d\_{i}$ consists of a combination of elementary conditions

$\begin{aligned}\Sigma &=\\{0,1\\}\\C&=\\{c\_{0},c\_{1},c\_{2},c\_{3},...,c\_{n}\\}\end{aligned}$ $\epsilon :C\to \Sigma \times C$ $D\subseteq C^{\*}\\,;\\;d\_{i}\in D$

The transition function $\alpha $ is defined as $\alpha :D\times \Sigma ^{\*}\to \Sigma \times D$

Given the transition $\vdash $ $\vdash \subseteq (\Sigma \times D\times \Sigma ^{\*})\times (\Sigma \times D\times \Sigma ^{\*})$

$S\_{j}=(b\_{j},d\_{m},v\_{j})\vdash (b\_{j+1},d\_{n},v\_{j+1})$ $E\_{j}=(a\_{j},c\_{j})\vdash (a\_{j+1},c\_{k})$ $(b\_{j+1},d\_{n})=\alpha (d\_{m},v\_{j});(b\_{j+1},c\_{k})=\epsilon (c\_{j});a\_{j}\in \Sigma ,$ the isolated test path $P\_{m}$ consists of $\begin{aligned}P\_{m}&=(b\_{0},d\_{0},v\_{0})\vdash ...\vdash (b\_{i},d\_{i},v\_{i})\vdash ^{\*}(b\_{n},d\_{n},v\_{n})\\\&=(b\_{0},c\_{0})\vdash ...\vdash (b\_{m},c\_{m})\vdash ^{\*}(b\_{n},c\_{n})\end{aligned}$ $b\_{i}\in \Sigma ;c\_{m}\in d\_{i};v\in C^{\*};d\_{0}=S;d\_{n}=E.$

## Test case graph

A test case graph illustrates all the necessary independent paths (test cases) to cover all isolated conditions. Conditions are represented by nodes, and condition values (situations) by edges. An edge addresses all program situations. Each situation is connected to one preceding and successive condition. Test cases might overlap due to isolated conditions.

## Inductive proof of a number of condition paths

The elementary comparison testing method can be used to determine the number of condition paths by inductive proof.

There are $r=2^{n}$ possible condition value combinations $\forall {i}\in \\{1,...,n\\},\ c\_{i}\mapsto \\{0,\ 1\\}.$

When each condition $c\_{i}$ is isolated, the number of required test cases $T$ per decision is: $T=\log \_{2}(r)+1=n+1.$

$\forall {i}\in \\{1,...,n\\}$ there are $0\<e\<i+1$ edges from parent nodes $c\_{i}$ and $s=2$ edges to child nodes from $c\_{i}$.

Each individual condition $c\_{i}$ connects to at least one path $\forall {i}\in \\{1,...,n-1\\},\ c\_{i}\mapsto \\{0,\ 1\\}$ from the maximal possible $n$ connecting to $c\_{n}$ isolating $c\_{n}$.

All predecessor conditions $c\_{i};\ i\<n$ and respective paths are isolated. Therefore, when one node (condition) is added, the total number of paths, and required test cases, from start to finish increases by: $T=n-1+2=n+1.$ Q.E.D.

## Test-case design steps

1. Identify decisions
2. Determine test situations per decision point (Modified Condition / Decision Coverage)
3. Create logical test-case matrix
4. Create physical test-case matrix

## Example

This example shows ETC applied to a holiday booking system. The discount system offers reduced-price vacations. The offered discounts are $-20\\%$ for members or for expensive vacations, $-10\\%$ for moderate vacations with workday departures, and $0\\%$ otherwise. The example shows the creation of logical and physical test cases for all isolated conditions.

**Pseudocode**

```
**if** days > 15 **or** price > 1000 **or** member **then**
    **return** −0.2
**else if** (days > 8 **and** days ≤ 15 **or** price ≥ 500 **and** price ≤ 1000) **and** workday **then**
    **return** −0.1
**else**
    **return** 0.0
```

**Factors**

* Number of days: $\<8;\ 8-15;\ \>15$
* Price (euros): $\<500;\ 500-1000;\ \>1000$
* Membership card: none; silver; gold; platinum
* Departure date: workday; weekend; holiday

$T=3\times 3\times 4\times 3=108$ possible combinations (test cases).

Example in Python:

```
if days > 15 or price > 1000 or member:
    return -0.2
elif (days > 8 and days <= 15 or price >= 500 and price <= 1000) and workday:
    return -0.1
else:
    return 0.0

```

### Step 1: Decisions

Table 1: Example D1 MC/DC
|  | | Outcome | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| Decision D1 | | 1 | | | 0 | | |
| Conditions | | c1 | c2 | c3 | c1 | c2 | c3 |
| c1 | $\text{days}\>15$ | **1** | 0 | 0 | **0** | 0 | 0 |
| c2 | $\text{price}\>1000$ | 0 | **1** | 0 | ~~0~~ | ~~**0**~~ | ~~0~~ |
| c3 | $\text{member}$ | 0 | 0 | **1** | ~~0~~ | ~~0~~ | ~~**0**~~ |

$\begin{aligned}d\_{1}&={\text{days}\>15\ {\text{or}\ {\text{price}\>1000\ {\text{Eur}\ {\text{or}\ {\text{member}\\c\_{1}&={\text{days}\>15\\c\_{2}&={\text{price}\>1000\\c\_{3}&={\text{member}\\\end{aligned}}}}}}}}}}$ $\begin{aligned}d\_{2}&=(8\<{\text{days}\<15\ {\text{or}\ 500\<{\text{price}\<1000\ {\text{Eur})\ {\text{and}\ {\text{workday}\\c\_{4}&=8\<{\text{days}\<15\\c\_{5}&=500\<{\text{price}\<1000\ {\text{Eur}\\c\_{6}&={\text{workday}\\\end{aligned}}}}}}}}}}}$

### Step 2: MC/DC Matrix

Table 2: Example D2 MC/DC
|  | | Outcome | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| Decision D2 | | 1 | | | 0 | | |
| Conditions | | c4 | c5 | c6 | c4 | c5 | c6 |
| c4 | $8\<{\text{days}\<15}$ | **1** | 0 | 1 | **0** | 0 | 1 |
| c5 | $500\<{\text{price}\<1000}$ | 0 | **1** | 1 | ~~0~~ | ~~**0**~~ | ~~1~~ |
| c6 | $\text{workday}$ | ~~1~~ | ~~0~~ | ~~**1**~~ | 1 | 0 | **0** |

The highlighted diagonals in the MC/DC Matrix are describing the isolated conditions: $(c\_{i},c\_{i})\mapsto \\{1,0\\}$ all duplicate situations are regarded as proven and removed.

### Step 3: Logical test-Case matrix

Table 3: Example Logical Test Case Matrix
| Situation $S\_{j}$ | $T\_{1}$ | $T\_{2}$ | $T\_{3}$ | $T\_{4}$ | $T\_{5}$ | $T\_{6}$ | $T\_{7}$ |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| $\alpha (d\_{1},\mathbf {1} 00)\mapsto (1,E)$ | x |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| $\alpha (d\_{1},\mathbf {0} 00)\mapsto (0,d\_{2})$ |  | x |  |  | x | x | x |
| $\alpha (d\_{1},0\mathbf {1} 0)\mapsto (1,E)$ |  |  | x |  |  |  |  |
| $\alpha (d\_{1},00\mathbf {1} )\mapsto (1,E)$ |  |  |  | x |  |  |  |
| $\alpha (d\_{2},\mathbf {1} 01)\mapsto (1,E)$ |  | x |  |  |  |  |  |
| $\alpha (d\_{2},\mathbf {0} 01)\mapsto (1,E)$ |  |  |  |  |  | x |  |
| $\alpha (d\_{2},0\mathbf {1} 1)\mapsto (1,E)$ |  |  |  |  | x |  |  |
| $\alpha (d\_{2},11\mathbf {0} )\mapsto (0,E)$ |  |  |  |  |  |  | x |

Test cases are formed by tracing decision paths. For every decision $d\_{i};\ 0\<i\<n+1$ a succeeding and preceding subpath is searched until every connected path has a start $S$ and an end $E$: $\begin{aligned}T\_{1}&=(d\_{1},100)\vdash (1,E)\\T\_{2}&=(d\_{1},000)\vdash (0,d\_{2},100)\vdash (1,E)\\T\_{3}&=(d\_{1},010)\vdash (1,E)\\\vdots \\T\_{n+1}\end{aligned}$

### Step 4: Physical test-case matrix

Table 4: Example Physical Test Cases
| Factor\Test Case | $T\_{1}$ | $T\_{2}$ | $T\_{3}$ | $T\_{4}$ | $T\_{5}$ | $T\_{6}$ | $T\_{7}$ |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| days | 16 | 14 |  |  | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| price |  |  | 1100 |  |  | 600 |  |
| departure |  |  |  |  |  |  | sa |
| member |  |  |  | silver |  |  |  |
| Result | | | | | | | |
| 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 |
| -10 |  | 1 |  |  | 1 | 1 |  |
| -20 | 1 |  | 1 | 1 |  |  |  |

Physical test cases are created from logical test cases by filling in actual value representations and their respective results.

### Test-case graph

In the example test case graph, all test cases and their isolated conditions are marked by colors, and the remaining paths are implicitly passed.

1. Lee Copeland (2004). *A Practitioners Guide to Software Test Design*, chapter 10. Artech House Publishers, Norwood. ISBN 0140289712.
2. "All about the elementary comparison test | Testlearning". *www.testlearning.net*. Retrieved 2022-09-02.
3. Glenford J. Myers (2004). *The Art of Software Testing, Second Edition*, p. 40., John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey. ISBN 0-471-46912-2.
4. Tim Kroom (2006). *TMap Next, for result driven testing*, p. 668. UTN Publishers, Rotterdam. ASIN B01K3PXI5U.


title: Elizabeth Muns

abstract: Elizabeth Muns was an English silversmith. Little is known about Muns; she is believed to have been the widow of a largeworker named John Muns, but this is uncertain. Classified as a smallworker, she registered a mark on 3 May 1768, giving an address of 3 Bull and Mount Street in St Martin's Le Grand. She appears to have been active for only a year after the death of her husband, although her mark has been noted on a George III fish slice of 1804, as well as possibly on a 1795 punch ladle. A George III sauce boat of 1768 attributed to Muns is owned by the National Museum of Women in the Arts in the United States. A pair of tripod saltcellars by her were purchased by Bathurst Skelton shortly before his death, and were among the items his wife, Martha Jefferson, brought with her at her subsequent marriage to Thomas Jefferson; they are now in the collection at Monticello.

text:
# Elizabeth Muns

**Elizabeth Muns** (active c. 1768) was an English silversmith.

Little is known about Muns; she is believed to have been the widow of a largeworker named John Muns, but this is uncertain. Classified as a smallworker, she registered a mark on 3 May 1768, giving an address of 3 Bull and Mount Street in St Martin's Le Grand. She appears to have been active for only a year after the death of her husband, although her mark has been noted on a George III fish slice of 1804, as well as possibly on a 1795 punch ladle.

A George III sauce boat of 1768 attributed to Muns is owned by the National Museum of Women in the Arts in the United States. A pair of tripod saltcellars by her were purchased by Bathurst Skelton shortly before his death, and were among the items his wife, Martha Jefferson, brought with her at her subsequent marriage to Thomas Jefferson; they are now in the collection at Monticello.

## InfoBox

| Elizabeth Muns | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | English |
| Occupation | Silversmith |


title: 1979 WCT Tournament of Champions

abstract: The 1979 WCT Tournament of Champions was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Cerromar Beach Hotel in Dorado, Puerto Rico. It was a six men round-robin tournament followed by a final between the two best performing players. The event was part of the 1979 World Championship Tennis (WCT) tour, which in turn was part of the 1979 Grand Prix circuit, but was classified as a special event and as such did not count towards the Grand Prix rankings. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from February 19 through February 25, 1979. Jimmy Connors won the singles title and the accompanying $100,000 first prize money.

text:
# 1979 WCT Tournament of Champions

The **1979 WCT Tournament of Champions** was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Cerromar Beach Hotel in Dorado, Puerto Rico. It was a six men round-robin tournament followed by a final between the two best performing players. The event was part of the 1979 World Championship Tennis (WCT) tour, which in turn was part of the 1979 Grand Prix circuit, but was classified as a special event and as such did not count towards the Grand Prix rankings. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from February 19 through February 25, 1979. Jimmy Connors won the singles title and the accompanying $100,000 first prize money.

## Finals

### Singles

Jimmy Connors defeated  Vitas Gerulaitis 6–5, 6–0, 6–4

## InfoBox

| 1979 WCT Tournament of Champions | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | February 19 – 25 |
| Edition | 3rd |
| Category | WCT |
| Draw | 6S (round robin) |
| Prize money | $200,000 |
| Surface | Hard / outdoor |
| Location | Dorado, Puerto Rico |
| Venue | Cerrormar Beach Hotel |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Jimmy Connors | |
|  | |


title: 153rd New York State Legislature

abstract:
The 153rd New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met in Albany from January 1 to April 12, 1930, during the second year of first term of Governor Franklin Delano
Roosevelt

text:
# 153rd New York State Legislature

The **153rd New York State Legislature**, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met in Albany from January 1 to April 12, 1930, during the second year of first term of Governor Franklin Delano Roosevelt

## Background

Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1894, re-apportioned in 1917, 51 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term. The senatorial districts consisted either of one or more entire counties; or a contiguous area within a single county. The counties which were divided into more than one senatorial district were New York (nine districts), Kings (eight), Bronx (three), Erie (three), Monroe (two), Queens (two) and Westchester (two). The Assembly districts were made up of contiguous area, all within the same county.

At this time there were two major political parties: the Republican Party and the Democratic Party.

## Elections

The New York state election, 1929, was held on November 5. No statewide elective offices were up for election.

Assemblywoman Rhoda Fox Graves (Rep.), of Gouverneur, a former school teacher who after her marriage became active in women's organisations and politics, was re-elected, and remained the only woman legislator.

## Sessions

The Legislature met for the regular session at the State Capitol in Albany on January 1, 1930; and adjourned at 1 a.m. on April 12.

Joseph A. McGinnies (Rep.) was re-elected Speaker.

## State Senate

### Districts

### Members

The asterisk (\*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature. Bert Lord and Nelson W. Cheney changed from the Assembly to the Senate.

**Note:** For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."

| District | Senator | Party | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1st | George L. Thompson* | Republican |  |
| 2nd | Stephen F. Burkard* | Democrat |  |
| 3rd | Alfred J. Kennedy* | Democrat | resigned on May 1, 1930, to become Public Administrator of Queens. |
| 4th | Philip M. Kleinfeld* | Democrat |  |
| 5th | Daniel F. Farrell* | Democrat | resigned in August 1930 to become Deputy Register of Kings Co. |
| 6th | Marcellus H. Evans* | Democrat |  |
| 7th | John A. Hastings* | Democrat |  |
| 8th | William L. Love* | Democrat |  |
| 9th | vacant | Charles E. Russell resigned on December 3, 1929, to go on the NY Supreme Court | |
| | Henry L. O'Brien | Democrat | elected on January 9, 1930, to fill vacancy; took seat on January 20 |
| 10th | Jeremiah F. Twomey* | Democrat |  |
| 11th | James J. Crawford* | Democrat |  |
| 12th | Elmer F. Quinn* | Democrat |  |
| 13th | Thomas F. Burchill* | Democrat |  |
| 14th | Bernard Downing* | Democrat | Minority Leader |
| 15th | John L. Buckley* | Democrat |  |
| 16th | Thomas I. Sheridan* | Democrat |  |
| 17th | Samuel H. Hofstadter* | Republican |  |
| 18th | Martin J. Kennedy* | Democrat | on March 11 elected to the 71st U.S. Congress |
| 19th | Duncan T. O'Brien* | Democrat |  |
| 20th | A. Spencer Feld* | Democrat |  |
| 21st | Henry G. Schackno* | Democrat |  |
| 22nd | Benjamin Antin* | Democrat |  |
| 23rd | John J. Dunnigan* | Democrat |  |
| 24th | Harry J. Palmer* | Democrat |  |
| 25th | Walter W. Westall* | Republican |  |
| 26th | Seabury C. Mastick* | Republican |  |
| 27th | Caleb H. Baumes* | Republican |  |
| 28th | J. Griswold Webb* | Republican |  |
| 29th | Arthur H. Wicks* | Republican |  |
| 30th | William T. Byrne* | Democrat |  |
| 31st | John F. Williams* | Republican |  |
| 32nd | Thomas C. Brown* | Republican |  |
| 33rd | Henry E. H. Brereton* | Republican |  |
| 34th | Warren T. Thayer* | Republican |  |
| 35th | Henry I. Patrie* | Republican |  |
| 36th | Henry D. Williams* | Republican |  |
| 37th | Perley A. Pitcher* | Republican |  |
| 38th | George R. Fearon* | Republican |  |
| 39th | John W. Gates* | Republican |  |
| 40th | vacant |  | B. Roger Wales died on November 25, 1929 |
| | Bert Lord* | Republican | elected on January 3, 1930, to fill vacancy |
| 41st | Frank A. Frost* | Republican |  |
| 42nd | Charles J. Hewitt* | Republican | Chairman of Finance |
| 43rd | Leon F. Wheatley* | Republican |  |
| 44th | John Knight* | Republican | Temporary President |
| 45th | Cosmo A. Cilano* | Republican |  |
| 46th | Fred J. Slater* | Republican |  |
| 47th | William W. Campbell* | Republican |  |
| 48th | William J. Hickey* | Republican |  |
| 49th | Stephen J. Wojtkowiak* | Democrat |  |
| 50th | Nelson W. Cheney* | Republican | elected to fill vacancy, in place of Charles A. Freiberg |
| 51st | Leigh G. Kirkland* | Republican |  |
|

### Employees

* Clerk: A. Miner Wellman
* Sergeant-at-Arms: Charles R. Hotaling
* Stenographer: John K. Marshall

## State Assembly

### Assemblymen

**Note:** For brevity, the chairmanships omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."

| District | | Assemblymen | Party | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Albany | 1st | John H. Cahill | Democrat |  |
| | 2nd | John P. Hayes* | Democrat |  |
| | 3rd | Rudolph I. Roulier* | Democrat |  |
| Allegany | | Harry E. Goodrich | Republican |  |
| Bronx | 1st | Nicholas J. Eberhard* | Democrat |  |
| | 2nd | William F. Smith* | Democrat |  |
| | 3rd | Julius S. Berg* | Democrat |  |
| | 4th | Herman M. Albert* | Democrat |  |
| | 5th | Harry A. Samberg* | Democrat |  |
| | 6th | Christopher C. McGrath* | Democrat |  |
| | 7th | John F. Reidy* | Democrat |  |
| | 8th | John A. Devany Jr. | Democrat |  |
| Broome | 1st | Edmund B. Jenks* | Republican | Chairman of Judiciary |
| | 2nd | Forman E. Whitcomb* | Republican | Chairman of Cities |
| Cattaraugus | | James W. Watson* | Republican | Chairman of Claims |
| Cayuga | | Chauncey D. Van Alstine* | Republican |  |
| Chautauqua | 1st | Hubert E. V. Porter* | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | Joseph A. McGinnies* | Republican | re-elected Speaker; Chairman of Rules |
| Chemung | | G. Archie Turner* | Republican |  |
| Chenango | | Bert Lord* | Republican | elected on January 3, 1930, to the State Senate |
| | Irving M. Ives | Republican | elected on February 18, 1930, to fill vacancy |
| Clinton | | Charles D. Munsil* | Republican |  |
| Columbia | | Henry M. James* | Republican | Chairman of Commerce and Navigation |
| Cortland | | Irving F. Rice* | Republican | Chairman of Public Education |
| Delaware | | James R. Stevenson* | Republican |  |
| Dutchess | 1st | Howard N. Allen* | Republican | Chairman of Charitable and Religious Societies |
| | 2nd | John M. Hackett* | Republican | Chairman of Public Service |
| Erie | 1st | Charles J. Gimbrone* | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | William L. Marcy Jr.* | Republican |  |
| | 3rd | Frank X. Bernhardt* | Republican | Chairman of Revision |
| | 4th | Anthony J. Canney* | Democrat |  |
| | 5th | Ansley B. Borkowski* | Republican | Chairman of General Laws |
| | 6th | Howard W. Dickey* | Republican |  |
| | 7th | Arthur L. Swartz* | Republican |  |
| | 8th | R. Foster Piper | Republican |  |
| Essex | | Fred L. Porter* | Republican | Chairman of Re-Organization of State Government |
| Franklin | | James A. Latour | Republican |  |
| Fulton and Hamilton | | Eberly Hutchinson* | Republican | Chairman of Ways and Means |
| Genesee | | Charles P. Miller* | Republican | Chairman of Labor and Industries |
| Greene | | Ellis W. Bentley* | Republican | Chairman of Conservation |
| Herkimer | | William J. Thistlethwaite* | Republican |  |
| Jefferson | | Jasper W. Cornaire* | Republican | Chairman of Re-Apportionment |
| Kings | 1st | Crawford W. Hawkins | Democrat |  |
| | 2nd | Albert D. Schanzer | Democrat |  |
| | 3rd | Michael J. Gillen* | Democrat |  |
| | 4th | George E. Dennen* | Democrat |  |
| | 5th | John J. Cooney* | Democrat |  |
| | 6th | Jacob J. Schwartzwald* | Democrat |  |
| | 7th | John J. Howard* | Democrat |  |
| | 8th | Luke O'Reilly | Democrat |  |
| | 9th | Daniel McNamara Jr. | Democrat |  |
| | 10th | William C. McCreery* | Democrat |  |
| | 11th | Edward J. Coughlin* | Democrat |  |
| | 12th | Edward S. Moran Jr.* | Democrat |  |
| | 13th | William Breitenbach* | Democrat |  |
| | 14th | Jacob P. Nathanson* | Democrat |  |
| | 15th | Edward P. Doyle* | Democrat |  |
| | 16th | Maurice Z. Bungard* | Democrat |  |
| | 17th | George W. Stewart | Democrat |  |
| | 18th | Irwin Steingut* | Democrat | elected Minority Leader on January 20 |
| | 19th | Jerome G. Ambro* | Democrat |  |
| | 20th | Frank A. Miller* | Democrat |  |
| | 21st | Joseph A. Esquirol* | Democrat |  |
| | 22nd | Jacob H. Livingston* | Democrat |  |
| | 23rd | Albert M. Cohen* | Democrat |  |
| Lewis | | Edward M. Sheldon | Republican |  |
| Livingston | | A. Grant Stockweather* | Republican |  |
| Madison | | Arthur A. Hartshorn* | Republican | Chairman of Social Welfare |
| Monroe | 1st | Truman G. Searle | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | Harry J. McKay* | Republican |  |
| | 3rd | Haskell H. Marks* | Republican |  |
| | 4th | Richard L. Saunders* | Republican |  |
| | 5th | W. Ray Austin* | Republican | Chairman of Military Affairs |
| Montgomery | | Rufus Richtmyer* | Republican |  |
| Nassau | 1st | Edwin W. Wallace* | Republican | Chairman of Villages |
| | 2nd | Edwin R. Lynde* | Republican |  |
| New York | 1st | Peter J. Hamill* | Democrat | Minority Leader; died on January 13, 1930 |
| | | James J. Dooling | Democrat | elected on March 11, 1930, to fill vacancy |
| | 2nd | Millard E. Theodore | Democrat |  |
| | 3rd | Sylvester A. Dineen* | Democrat |  |
| | 4th | Samuel Mandelbaum* | Democrat |  |
| | 5th | Frank A. Carlin* | Democrat |  |
| | 6th | Louis J. Lefkowitz* | Republican |  |
| | 7th | Saul S. Streit* | Democrat |  |
| | 8th | Henry O. Kahan* | Democrat |  |
| | 9th | Ira H. Holley | Democrat |  |
| | 10th | Langdon W. Post* | Democrat |  |
| | 11th | Patrick H. Sullivan | Democrat |  |
| | 12th | John A. Byrnes* | Democrat |  |
| | 13th | Joseph H. Broderick | Democrat |  |
| | 14th | Joseph T. Higgins* | Democrat |  |
| | 15th | Abbot Low Moffat* | Republican |  |
| | 16th | William Schwartz | Democrat |  |
| | 17th | Meyer Alterman* | Democrat |  |
| | 18th | Vincent H. Auleta* | Democrat |  |
| | 19th | Francis E. Rivers | Republican |  |
| | 20th | Louis A. Cuvillier* | Democrat |  |
| | 21st | Lamar Perkins | Republican |  |
| | 22nd | Benjamin B. Mittler | Democrat |  |
| | 23rd | Alexander A. Falk* | Democrat |  |
| Niagara | 1st | Fayette E. Pease* | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | Roy Hewitt* | Republican |  |
| Oneida | 1st | Charles J. Peters | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | Russell G. Dunmore* | Republican | Majority Leader |
| | 3rd | Walter W. Abbott | Republican |  |
| Onondaga | 1st | Horace M. Stone* | Republican | Chairman of Insurance |
| | 2nd | Willis H. Sargent* | Republican | Chairman of Banks |
| | 3rd | Richard B. Smith* | Republican | Chairman of Public Printing |
| Ontario | | Robert A. Catchpole* | Republican |  |
| Orange | 1st | DeWitt C. Dominick* | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | Alexander G. Hall* | Republican |  |
| Orleans | | Frank H. Lattin* | Republican | Chairman of Public Health |
| Oswego | | Victor C. Lewis* | Republican | Chairman of Canals |
| Otsego | | Frank M. Smith* | Republican | Chairman of Agriculture |
| Putnam | | D. Mallory Stephens* | Republican |  |
| Queens | 1st | John O'Rourke | Democrat |  |
| | 2nd | Frank B. Hendel* | Democrat |  |
| | 3rd | Peter T. Farrell | Democrat |  |
| | 4th | Joseph D. Nunan Jr. | Democrat |  |
| | 5th | Maurice A. FitzGerald* | Democrat |  |
| | 6th | Frederick L. Zimmerman | Democrat |  |
| Rensselaer | 1st | Michael F. Breen* | Democrat |  |
| | 2nd | Maurice Whitney* | Republican |  |
| Richmond | 1st | Francis A. Hannigan* | Democrat |  |
| | 2nd | William L. Vaughan* | Democrat |  |
| Rockland | | Fred R. Horn Jr. | Democrat |  |
| St. Lawrence | 1st | Rhoda Fox Graves* | Republican | Chairwoman of Public Institutions |
| | 2nd | Walter L. Pratt* | Republican | Chairman of Taxation |
| Saratoga | | Burton D. Esmond* | Republican | Chairman of Codes |
| Schenectady | 1st | Charles W. Merriam* | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | William W. Wemple Jr. | Republican |  |
| Schoharie | | Kenneth H. Fake* | Republican | Chairman of Pensions |
| Schuyler | | Jacob W. Winters | Republican |  |
| Seneca | | James D. Pollard | Republican |  |
| Steuben | 1st | Wilson Messer* | Republican | Chairman of Soldiers' Homes |
| | 2nd | James T. Foody* | Republican |  |
| Suffolk | 1st | John G. Downs* | Republican | Chairman of Printed and Engrossed Bills |
| | 2nd | Hamilton F. Potter* | Republican |  |
| Sullivan | | J. Maxwell Knapp* | Republican |  |
| Tioga | | Frank G. Miller | Republican |  |
| Tompkins | | James R. Robinson* | Republican |  |
| Ulster | | Millard Davis* | Republican |  |
| Warren | | Paul L. Boyce* | Republican |  |
| Washington | | Herbert A. Bartholomew* | Republican | Chairman of Internal Affairs |
| Wayne | | Harry A. Tellier* | Republican | Chairman of Excise |
| Westchester | 1st | Charles H. Hathaway | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | Herbert B. Shonk* | Republican | Chairman of Aviation; died on September 26, 1930 |
| | 3rd | Milan E. Goodrich* | Republican | Chairman of Penal Institutions |
| | 4th | Alexander H. Garnjost* | Republican |  |
| | 5th | William F. Condon* | Republican |  |
| Wyoming | | Joe R. Hanley* | Republican |  |
| Yates | | Edwin C. Nutt* | Republican |  |
|

### Employees

* Clerk: Fred W. Hammond
* Principal Doorkeeper: Charles H. Jackson
* Second Assistant Doorkeeper: William Henry Hutchinson

1. Note that the last legislative day was April 11, and the *New York Red Book* gives April 11 as the end of the session. In fact, the adjournment *sine die* occurred at 1.02 a.m. on April 12
2. *LEGISLATURE ENDS SESSION* in *The New York Times* on April 12, 1930 (subscription required)
3. *KENNEDY QUITS SENATE FOR POST IN QUEENS* in *The New York Times* on April 12, 1930 (subscription required)
4. *O'BRIEN ELECTED SENATOR* in *The New York Times* on January 10, 1930 (subscription required)
5. *RULES O'BRIEN ELECTED* in *The New York Times* on January 21, 1930 (subscription required)
6. *DEMOCRATS VICTORS IN SPECIAL ELECTIONS; Kennedy Wins for House in 18th District* in *The New York Times* on March 12, 1930 (subscription required)
7. *LORD ELECTED TO SENATE* in *The New York Times* on January 4, 1930 (subscription required)
8. *Steingut Made Democratic Leader* in *The New York Times* on January 21, 1930 (subscription required)
9. *DEMOCRATS VICTORS IN SPECIAL ELECTIONS; ...and Dooling for Assembly in First A. D.* in *The New York Times* on March 12, 1930 (subscription required)
10. Francis E. Rivers (1893–1975), "the first black judge on the City Court" according to *Francis E. Rivers Dies; Black City Judge Was 82* in *The New York Times* on July 29, 1975 (subscription required)
11. Ferdinand R. Horn Jr. (born 1897), ran sometimes for office as "Fred R. Horn Jr."

## Sources

## InfoBox

| 153rd New York State Legislature | |
| --- | --- |
| 152nd 154th | |
| New York State Capitol (2009) | |
| Overview | |
| Legislative body | New York State Legislature |
| Jurisdiction | New York, United States |
| Term | January 1 – December 31, 1930 |
| Senate | |
| Members | 51 |
| President | Lt. Gov. Herbert H. Lehman (D) |
| Temporary President | John Knight (R) |
| Party control | Republican (27–24) |
| Assembly | |
| Members | 150 |
| Speaker | Joseph A. McGinnies (R) |
| Party control | Republican (86–64) |
| Sessions | |
| 1st January 1 – April 12, 1930 | |