title: Edith!

abstract: Edith! is a historical fiction podcast written and created by Gonzalo Cordova and Travis Helwig, produced by QCode and Crooked Media starring Rosamund Pike about Edith Wilson. It was directed by Maureen Bharoocha.

text:
# Edith!

**Edith!** is a historical fiction podcast written and created by Gonzalo Cordova and Travis Helwig, produced by QCode and Crooked Media starring Rosamund Pike about Edith Wilson. It was directed by Maureen Bharoocha.

## Background

The podcast is a collaboration between QCode and Crooked Media. The podcast takes place soon after the Treaty of Versailles and the Spanish flu when Woodrow Wilson fell ill while working to establish the League of Nations. The podcast follows Edith Wilson who took over much of her husband's responsibilities while he was struggling with his health. Rosamund Pike stars as Edith Wilson in the podcast. Other voice actors included Clark Gregg, Adam Conover, Esther Povitsky, Brandon Scott Jones, Chris Mulkey, Diedrich Bader, Tom Amandes, and Stephen Root. The story is based on historical events, but the show is a dramatization of the events and does not aim for historical accuracy which is evident by the subtitle—"The Untold True-ish Story of America's Secret First Female President". The podcast was an eight episode series.

## Reception

Nicholas Quah wrote in *Vulture* that the podcast is "too eagerly and cavalierly clever for its own good". Ammar Kalia wrote in *The Guardian* that the podcast "is a wry take on the historical machinations of power." *Podcast Review*, a channel of *Los Angeles Review of Books*, called the podcast "Quirky, stylish, and probably historically inaccurate". Patricia Nicol praised Pike's acting in *The Times* saying that she "is superb as the snarky, steely, manoeuvring Edith, always two steps ahead of the men"

### Awards

| Award | Date | Category | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Adweek Awards* | 2021 | Best Storytelling Podcast | Won |  |
| *Ambies* | 2022 | Best Performer in Audio Fiction | Won |  |
| *Webby Awards* | 2022 | Scripted Fiction Podcasts | Honoree |  |

## InfoBox

| *Edith!* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |


title: 1399

abstract: Year 1399 (MCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

text:
# 1399

1399 in various calendars
| Gregorian calendar | 1399
*MCCCXCIX* |
| --- | --- |
| Ab urbe condita | 2152 |
| Armenian calendar | 848
ԹՎ ՊԽԸ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6149 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1320–1321 |
| Bengali calendar | 806 |
| Berber calendar | 2349 |
| English Regnal year | 22 Ric. 2  1 Hen. 4 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1943 |
| Burmese calendar | 761 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6907–6908 |
| Chinese calendar | 戊寅年 (Earth Tiger)
4096 or 3889
*to*
己卯年 (Earth Rabbit)
4097 or 3890 |
| Coptic calendar | 1115–1116 |
| Discordian calendar | 2565 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1391–1392 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5159–5160 |
| Hindu calendars |  |
| \- *Vikram Samvat* | 1455–1456 |
| \- *Shaka Samvat* | 1320–1321 |
| \- *Kali Yuga* | 4499–4500 |
| Holocene calendar | 11399 |
| Igbo calendar | 399–400 |
| Iranian calendar | 777–778 |
| Islamic calendar | 801–802 |
| Japanese calendar | Ōei 6
(応永６年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1313–1314 |
| Julian calendar | 1399
*MCCCXCIX* |
| Korean calendar | 3732 |
| Minguo calendar | 513 before ROC
民前513年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −69 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1941–1942 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳土虎年
(male Earth-Tiger)
1525 or 1144 or 372
*to*
阴土兔年
(female Earth-Rabbit)
1526 or 1145 or 373 |

Year **1399** (**MCCCXCIX**) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

## Events

### JanuaryDecember

### Date unknown

## Births

## Deaths

## InfoBox

| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
| --- | --- |
| Centuries: |  |
| Decades: |  |
| Years: |  |


title: Asios vindex

abstract: Asios vindex is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Asios.

text:
# Asios vindex

***Asios vindex*** is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus ***Asios***.

## InfoBox

| *Asios vindex* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Adephaga |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | ***Asios***
Liebke, 1933 |
| Species: | ***A. vindex*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Asios vindex***
Liebke, 1933 | |
|


title: 1932 Volta a Catalunya

abstract: The 1932 Volta a Catalunya was the 14th edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 4 September to 11 September 1932. The race started and finished in Barcelona. The race was won by Mariano Cañardo.

text:
# 1932 Volta a Catalunya

The **1932 Volta a Catalunya** was the 14th edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycle race and was held from 4 September to 11 September 1932. The race started and finished in Barcelona. The race was won by Mariano Cañardo.

## Route and stages

List of stages
| Stage | Date | Course | Distance | Winner |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 September | Barcelona to Reus | 149 km (93 mi) | Louis Hardiquest (BEL) |
| 2 | 5 September | Reus to Tortosa | 142 km (88 mi) | Antoine Dignef (BEL) |
| 3 | 6 September | Tortosa to Cervera | 200 km (124 mi) | Domenico Piemontesi (ITA) |
| 4 | 7 September | Cervera to La Seu d'Urgell | 145 km (90 mi) | Ettore Meini (ITA) |
|  | 8 September | La Seu d'Urgell | | Rest day | |
| 5 | 9 September | La Seu d'Urgell to Girona | 231 km (144 mi) | Domenico Piemontesi (ITA) |
| 6 | 10 September | Girona to Manresa | 209 km (130 mi) | Salvador Cardona (ESP) |
| 7 | 11 September | Manresa to Barcelona | 110 km (68 mi) | Antoine Dignef (BEL) |
|  | Total | | 1,186 km (737 mi) | | | | |

## General classification

| **Final general classification**  Rank Rider Time  1  Mariano Cañardo (ESP) 40h 53' 14"  2  Domenico Piemontesi (ITA) \+ 4' 02"  3  Isidre Figueras (ESP) \+ 16' 15"  4  Antoine Dignef (BEL) \+ 20' 09"  5  Aristide Cavallini (ITA) \+ 30' 07"  6  Marcel Maurel (FRA) \+ 35' 30"  7  Allegro Grandi (ITA) \+ 39' 10"  8  Juan Mateu Ribé (ESP) \+ 51' 10"  9  Ricardo Montero (ESP) \+ 54' 20"  10  Salvador Cardona (ESP) \+ 59' 21" |
| --- |

## InfoBox

1932 Volta a Catalunya
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 4–11 September 1932 |
| Stages | 7 |
| Distance | 1,190 km (739.4 mi) |
| Winning time | 40h 53' 14" |
| Results | |
| Winner  Mariano Cañardo (ESP)  Second  Domenico Piemontesi (ITA)  Third  Isidre Figueras (ESP) | |
|


title: Anacarsis Cardona de Salonia

abstract: Anacarsis Cardona de Salonia was a Colombian lawyer and politician. She was elected to the Chamber of Representatives in 1958 as one of the first group of women to enter Congress.

text:
# Anacarsis Cardona de Salonia

**Anacarsis Cardona de Salonia** (4 July 1929 – 17 November 1987) was a Colombian lawyer and politician. She was elected to the Chamber of Representatives in 1958 as one of the first group of women to enter Congress.

## Biography

A member of the Liberal Party, Cardona was a candidate in Caldas in the 1958 parliamentary elections and was elected to the Chamber of Representatives, becoming one of the first group of women to enter Congress. She remained a member until the 1960 elections.

## InfoBox

| Anacarsis Cardona de Salonia | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Chamber of Representatives | |
| **In office**
1958–1960 | |
| Constituency | Caldas |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1929-07-04)4 July 1929
Sevilla, Colombia |
| Died | 17 November 1987(1987-11-17) (aged 58)
Bogotá, Colombia |
|  | |


title: Digitaria setigera

abstract: Digitaria setigera, also more commonly called East Indian crabgrass, is a species of perennial grass in the family of Poaceae.

text:
# Digitaria setigera

***Digitaria setigera***, also more commonly called **East Indian crabgrass**, is a species of perennial grass in the family of Poaceae.

## Description

*Digitaria setigera* has cauline leaves that are a little over 30mm (1.1 inches) long and 3mm (0.1 inches) wide. It also has spikelets that consist of 3-16 spike-like branches.

## Distribution

This species of grass is native to many subtropical regions such as Africa, Temperate Asia, Tropical Asia, Australasia, India, and Bangladesh. Additionally, it is native to Australia, where it is found in Northern Territory and Queensland.

## InfoBox

| *Digitaria setigera* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Panicoideae |
| Genus: | *Digitaria* |
| Species: | ***D. setigera*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Digitaria setigera***<br>Roth ex Roem. & Schult. | |
|


title: Affine Lie algebra

abstract:
In mathematics, an affine Lie algebra is an infinite-dimensional Lie algebra that is constructed in a canonical fashion out of a finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra. Given an affine Lie algebra, one can also form the associated affine Kac-Moody algebra, as described below. From a purely mathematical point of view, affine Lie algebras are interesting because their representation theory, like representation theory of finite-dimensional semisimple Lie algebras, is much better understood than that of general Kac–Moody algebras. As observed by Victor Kac, the character formula for representations of affine Lie algebras implies certain combinatorial identities, the Macdonald identities. Affine Lie algebras play an important role in string theory and two-dimensional conformal field theory due to the way they are constructed: starting from a simple Lie algebra g, one considers the loop algebra, L g, formed by the g
-valued functions on a circle with pointwise commutator. The affine Lie algebra g ^ is obtained by adding one extra dimension to the loop algebra and modifying the commutator in a non-trivial way, which physicists call a quantum anomaly and mathematicians a central extension. More generally, if σ is an automorphism of the simple Lie algebra g associated to an automorphism of its Dynkin diagram, the twisted loop algebra L σ g consists of g
-valued functions f on the real line which satisfy
the twisted periodicity condition f(x + 2π) = σ f(x). Their central extensions are precisely the twisted affine Lie algebras. The point of view of string theory helps to understand many deep properties of affine Lie algebras, such as the fact that the characters of their representations transform amongst themselves under the modular group.

text:
# Affine Lie algebra

In mathematics, an **affine Lie algebra** is an infinite-dimensional Lie algebra that is constructed in a canonical fashion out of a finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra. Given an affine Lie algebra, one can also form the associated affine Kac-Moody algebra, as described below. From a purely mathematical point of view, affine Lie algebras are interesting because their representation theory, like representation theory of finite-dimensional semisimple Lie algebras, is much better understood than that of general Kac–Moody algebras. As observed by Victor Kac, the character formula for representations of affine Lie algebras implies certain combinatorial identities, the Macdonald identities.

Affine Lie algebras play an important role in string theory and two-dimensional conformal field theory due to the way they are constructed: starting from a simple Lie algebra $\mathfrak {g}$, one considers the loop algebra, $L{\mathfrak {g}}$, formed by the $\mathfrak {g}$-valued functions on a circle (interpreted as the closed string) with pointwise commutator. The affine Lie algebra $\hat {\mathfrak {g}}$ is obtained by adding one extra dimension to the loop algebra and modifying the commutator in a non-trivial way, which physicists call a **quantum anomaly** (in this case, the anomaly of the WZW model) and mathematicians a **central extension**. More generally, if σ is an automorphism of the simple Lie algebra $\mathfrak {g}$ associated to an automorphism of its Dynkin diagram, the **twisted loop algebra** $L\_{\sigma }{\mathfrak {g}}$ consists of $\mathfrak {g}$-valued functions *f* on the real line which satisfy the twisted periodicity condition *f*(*x* \+ 2*π*) = *σ f*(*x*). Their central extensions are precisely the **twisted affine Lie algebras**. The point of view of string theory helps to understand many deep properties of affine Lie algebras, such as the fact that the characters of their representations transform amongst themselves under the modular group.

## Affine Lie algebras from simple Lie algebras

### Definition

If $\mathfrak {g}$ is a finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra, the corresponding affine Lie algebra $\hat {\mathfrak {g}}$ is constructed as a central extension of the loop algebra $\mathfrak {g}\otimes \mathbb {\mathbb {C} } \[t,t^{-1}\]$, with one-dimensional center $\mathbb {\mathbb {C} } c.$ As a vector space,

$$\widehat {\mathfrak {g}={\mathfrak {g}\otimes \mathbb {\mathbb {C} } \[t,t^{-1}\]\oplus \mathbb {\mathbb {C} } c,}}$$

where $\mathbb {\mathbb {C} } \[t,t^{-1}\]$ is the complex vector space of Laurent polynomials in the indeterminate *t*. The Lie bracket is defined by the formula

$$\[a\otimes t^{n}+\alpha c,b\otimes t^{m}+\beta c\]=\[a,b\]\otimes t^{n+m}+\langle a|b\rangle n\delta \_{m+n,0}c$$

for all $a,b\in {\mathfrak {g},\alpha ,\beta \in \mathbb {\mathbb {C} } }$ and $n,m\in \mathbb {Z} $, where $\[a,b\]$ is the Lie bracket in the Lie algebra $\mathfrak {g}$ and $\langle \cdot |\cdot \rangle $ is the Cartan-Killing form on $\mathfrak {g}.$

The affine Lie algebra corresponding to a finite-dimensional semisimple Lie algebra is the direct sum of the affine Lie algebras corresponding to its simple summands. There is a distinguished derivation of the affine Lie algebra defined by

$$\delta (a\otimes t^{m}+\alpha c)=t{d \over dt}(a\otimes t^{m}).$$

The corresponding **affine Kac–Moody algebra** is defined as a semidirect product by adding an extra generator *d* that satisfies \[*d*, *A*\] = *δ*(*A*).

### Constructing the Dynkin diagrams

The Dynkin diagram of each affine Lie algebra consists of that of the corresponding simple Lie algebra plus an additional node, which corresponds to the addition of an imaginary root. Of course, such a node cannot be attached to the Dynkin diagram in just any location, but for each simple Lie algebra there exists a number of possible attachments equal to the cardinality of the group of outer automorphisms of the Lie algebra. In particular, this group always contains the identity element, and the corresponding affine Lie algebra is called an **untwisted** affine Lie algebra. When the simple algebra admits automorphisms that are not inner automorphisms, one may obtain other Dynkin diagrams and these correspond to **twisted** affine Lie algebras.

Dynkin diagrams for affine Lie algebras
|
The set of extended (untwisted) affine Dynkin diagrams, with added nodes in green |
"Twisted" affine forms are named with (2) or (3) superscripts.
(*k* is the number of nodes in the graph) |
| --- | --- |

### Classifying the central extensions

The attachment of an extra node to the Dynkin diagram of the corresponding simple Lie algebra corresponds to the following construction. An affine Lie algebra can always be constructed as a central extension of the loop algebra of the corresponding simple Lie algebra. If one wishes to begin instead with a semisimple Lie algebra, then one needs to centrally extend by a number of elements equal to the number of simple components of the semisimple algebra. In physics, one often considers instead the direct sum of a semisimple algebra and an abelian algebra $\mathbb {\mathbb {C} } ^{n}$. In this case one also needs to add *n* further central elements for the *n* abelian generators.

The second integral cohomology of the loop group of the corresponding simple compact Lie group is isomorphic to the integers. Central extensions of the affine Lie group by a single generator are topologically circle bundles over this free loop group, which are classified by a two-class known as the first Chern class of the fibration. Therefore, the central extensions of an affine Lie group are classified by a single parameter *k* which is called the *level* in the physics literature, where it first appeared. Unitary highest weight representations of the affine compact groups only exist when *k* is a natural number. More generally, if one considers a semi-simple algebra, there is a central charge for each simple component.

## Structure

### Cartan–Weyl basis

As in the finite case, determining the Cartan–Weyl basis is an important step in determining the structure of affine Lie algebras.

Fix a finite-dimensional, simple, complex Lie algebra $\mathfrak {g}$ with Cartan subalgebra $\mathfrak {h}$ and a particular root system $\Delta $. Introducing the notation $X\_{n}=X\otimes t^{n},$, one can attempt to extend a Cartan–Weyl basis $\\{H^{i}\\}\cup \\{E^{\alpha }|\alpha \in \Delta \\}$ for $\mathfrak {g}$ to one for the affine Lie algebra, given by $\\{H\_{n}^{i}\\}\cup \\{c\\}\cup \\{E\_{n}^{\alpha }\\}$, with $\\{H\_{0}^{i}\\}\cup \\{c\\}$ forming an abelian subalgebra.

The eigenvalues of $ad(H\_{0}^{i})$ and $ad(c)$ on $E\_{n}^{\alpha }$ are $\alpha ^{i}$ and $0$ respectively and independently of $n$. Therefore the root $\alpha $ is infinitely degenerate with respect to this abelian subalgebra. Appending the derivation described above to the abelian subalgebra turns the abelian subalgebra into a Cartan subalgebra for the affine Lie algebra, with eigenvalues $(\alpha ^{1},\cdots ,\alpha ^{dim{\mathfrak {h},0,n)}}$ for $E\_{n}^{\alpha }.$

### Killing form

The Killing form can almost be completely determined using its invariance property. Using the notation $B$ for the Killing form on $\mathfrak {g}$ and $\hat {B}$ for the Killing form on the affine Kac–Moody algebra, $\hat {B}(X\_{n},Y\_{m})=B(X,Y)\delta \_{n+m,0},$ $\hat {B}(X\_{n},c)=0,{\hat {B}(X\_{n},d)=0}$ $\hat {B}(c,c)=0,{\hat {B}(c,d)=1,{\hat {B}(d,d)=0,}}$ where only the last equation is not fixed by invariance and instead chosen by convention. Notably, the restriction of $\hat {B}$ to the $c,d$ subspace gives a bilinear form with signature $(+,-)$.

Write the affine root associated with $E\_{n}^{\alpha }$ as $\hat {\alpha }=(\alpha ;0;n)$. Defining $\delta =(0,0,1)$, this can be rewritten $\hat {\alpha }=\alpha +n\delta .$

The full set of roots is $\hat {\Delta }=\\{\alpha +n\delta |n\in \mathbb {Z} ,\alpha \in \Delta \\}\cup \\{n\delta |n\in \mathbb {Z} ,n\neq 0\\}.$ Then $\delta $ is unusual as it has zero length: $(\delta ,\delta )=0$ where $(\cdot ,\cdot )$ is the bilinear form on the roots induced by the Killing form.

### Affine simple root

In order to obtain a basis of simple roots for the affine algebra, an extra simple root must be appended, and is given by $\alpha \_{0}=-\theta +\delta $ where $\theta $ is the highest root of $\mathfrak {g}$, using the usual notion of height of a root. This allows definition of the extended Cartan matrix and extended Dynkin diagrams.

## Representation theory

The representation theory for affine Lie algebras is usually developed using Verma modules. Just as in the case of semi-simple Lie algebras, these are highest weight modules. There are no finite-dimensional representations; this follows from the fact that the null vectors of a finite-dimensional Verma module are necessarily zero; whereas those for the affine Lie algebras are not. Roughly speaking, this follows because the Killing form is Lorentzian in the $c,\delta $ directions, thus $(z,{\bar {z})}$ are sometimes called "lightcone coordinates" on the string. The "radially ordered" current operator products can be understood to be time-like normal ordered by taking $z=\exp(\tau +i\sigma )$ with $\tau $ the time-like direction along the string world sheet and $\sigma $ the spatial direction.

### Vacuum representation of rank *k*

The representations are constructed in more detail as follows.

Fix a Lie algebra $\mathfrak {g}$ and basis $\\{J^{\rho }\\}$. Then $\\{J\_{n}^{\rho }\\}=\\{J^{\rho }\otimes t^{n}\\}$ is a basis for the corresponding loop algebra, and $\\{J\_{n}^{\rho }\\}\cup \\{c\\}$ is a basis for the affine Lie algebra $\hat {\mathfrak {g}}$.

The **vacuum representation of rank $k$**, denoted by $V\_{k}({\mathfrak {g})}$ where $k\in \mathbb {C} $, is the complex representation with basis $\\{v\_{1}\\,\cdots \\,n\_{m}^{\\,\rho \_{1}\\,\cdots \\,\rho \_{m}:n\_{1}\geq \cdots \geq n\_{m}\geq 1,\rho \_{1}\leq \cdots \leq \rho \_{m}\\}\cup \\{\Omega \\},}$ and where the action of $\hat {\mathfrak {g}}$ on $V=V\_{k}({\mathfrak {g})}$ is given by: $c=k\\,{\text{id}\_{V},\qquad J\_{n}^{\rho }\Omega =0,\ \mathrm {for} \ n\geq 0,\qquad J\_{-n}^{\rho }\Omega =v\_{n}^{\rho },\ \mathrm {for} \ n\>0,}$ $\mathrm {and} \ J\_{-n}^{\rho }v\_{1}\cdots n\_{m}^{\\,\rho \_{1}\cdots \rho \_{m}=v\_{1}\cdots n\_{m}^{\\,\rho \\,\rho \_{1}\cdots \rho \_{m}.}}$

### Affine Vertex Algebra

The vacuum representation in fact can be equipped with vertex algebra structure, in which case it is called *the* **affine vertex algebra of rank $k$**. The affine Lie algebra naturally extends to the Kac–Moody algebra, with the differential $d$ represented by the translation operator $T$ in the vertex algebra.

## Weyl group and characters

The Weyl group of an affine Lie algebra can be written as a semi-direct product of the Weyl group of the zero-mode algebra (the Lie algebra used to define the loop algebra) and the coroot lattice.

The Weyl character formula of the algebraic characters of the affine Lie algebras generalizes to the Weyl-Kac character formula. A number of interesting constructions follow from these. One may construct generalizations of the Jacobi theta function. These theta functions transform under the modular group. The usual denominator identities of semi-simple Lie algebras generalize as well; because the characters can be written as "deformations" or q-analogs of the highest weights, this led to many new combinatoric identities, include many previously unknown identities for the Dedekind eta function. These generalizations can be viewed as a practical example of the Langlands program.

## Applications

Due to the Sugawara construction, the universal enveloping algebra of any affine Lie algebra has the Virasoro algebra as a subalgebra. This allows affine Lie algebras to serve as symmetry algebras of conformal field theories such as WZW models or coset models. As a consequence, affine Lie algebras also appear in the worldsheet description of string theory.

## Example

The Heisenberg algebra defined by generators $a\_{n},n\in \mathbb {Z} $ satisfying commutation relations $\[a\_{m},a\_{n}\]=m\delta \_{m+n,0}c$ can be realized as the affine Lie algebra $\hat {\mathfrak {u}(1)}$.

* Fuchs, Jurgen (1992), *Affine Lie Algebras and Quantum Groups*, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-48412-X
* Goddard, Peter; Olive, David (1988), *Kac-Moody and Virasoro algebras: A Reprint Volume for Physicists*, Advanced Series in Mathematical Physics, vol. 3, World Scientific, ISBN 9971-5-0419-7
* Kac, Victor (1990), *Infinite dimensional Lie algebras* (3 ed.), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-46693-8
* Kohno, Toshitake (1998), *Conformal Field Theory and Topology*, American Mathematical Society, ISBN 0-8218-2130-X
* Pressley, Andrew; Segal, Graeme (1986), *Loop groups*, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-853535-X


title: Affine Grassmannian

abstract: In mathematics, the affine Grassmannian of an algebraic group G over a field k is an ind-scheme—a colimit of finite-dimensional schemes—which can be thought of as a flag variety for the loop group G(k((t))) and which describes the representation theory of the Langlands dual group LG through what is known as the geometric Satake correspondence.

text:
# Affine Grassmannian

In mathematics, the **affine Grassmannian** of an algebraic group *G* over a field *k* is an ind-scheme—a colimit of finite-dimensional schemes—which can be thought of as a flag variety for the loop group *G*(*k*((*t*))) and which describes the representation theory of the Langlands dual group *L**G* through what is known as the geometric Satake correspondence.

## Definition of Gr via functor of points

Let *k* be a field, and denote by $k{\text{-Alg}}$ and $\mathrm {Set} $ the category of commutative *k*-algebras and the category of sets respectively. Through the Yoneda lemma, a scheme *X* over a field *k* is determined by its functor of points, which is the functor $X:k{\text{-Alg}\to \mathrm {Set} }$ which takes *A* to the set *X*(*A*) of *A*-points of *X*. We then say that this functor is representable by the scheme *X*. The affine Grassmannian is a functor from *k*-algebras to sets which is not itself representable, but which has a filtration by representable functors. As such, although it is not a scheme, it may be thought of as a union of schemes, and this is enough to profitably apply geometric methods to study it.

Let *G* be an algebraic group over *k*. The **affine Grassmannian** Gr*G* is the functor that associates to a *k*-algebra *A* the set of isomorphism classes of pairs (*E*, *φ*), where *E* is a principal homogeneous space for *G* over Spec *A*\[\[*t*\]\] and *φ* is an isomorphism, defined over Spec *A*((*t*)), of *E* with the trivial *G*-bundle *G* × Spec *A*((*t*)). By the Beauville–Laszlo theorem, it is also possible to specify this data by fixing an algebraic curve *X* over *k*, a *k*-point *x* on *X*, and taking *E* to be a *G*-bundle on *X**A* and *φ* a trivialization on (*X*  *x*)*A*. When *G* is a reductive group, Gr*G* is in fact ind-projective, i.e., an inductive limit of projective schemes.

## Definition as a coset space

Let us denote by $\mathcal {K}=k((t))$ the field of formal Laurent series over *k*, and by $\mathcal {O}=k\[\[t\]\]$ the ring of formal power series over *k*. By choosing a trivialization of *E* over all of $\operatorname {Spec} {\mathcal {O}}$, the set of *k*-points of Gr*G* is identified with the coset space $G({\mathcal {K})/G({\mathcal {O})}}$.

* Alexander Schmitt (11 August 2010). *Affine Flag Manifolds and Principal Bundles*. Springer. pp. 3–6. ISBN 978-3-0346-0287-7. Retrieved 1 November 2012.


title: Aerocar International

abstract: Aerocar International was a roadable aircraft manufacturer, founded by Moulton Taylor in Longview, Washington. Work continued until the late 1960s, when changing legislation made Taylor's designs impractical.

text:
# Aerocar International

**Aerocar International** was a roadable aircraft manufacturer, founded by Moulton Taylor in Longview, Washington. Work continued until the late 1960s, when changing legislation made Taylor's designs impractical.

## History and background

Moulton Taylor was a former naval commander, and is credited with flying and demonstrating the first guided missile. In 1947, he produced the first conceptual drawings for the Aerocar, and in 1948, he began development. The first model built was backed with a $50,000 investment from 49 investors. The first Aerocars were manufactured on a custom basis, and were priced at $12,000, approximately $7000 more than the cheapest light plane in 1951. There were seven Aerocars built from 1950 through 1967, in two different versions. The interior in both versions were cramped, with only fourteen cubic feet of baggage space over the engine compartment. Aerocar I had the capability to cruise at 100+ mph and its range was 300 miles on a 23.5 gallon fuel tank. On the road, its speed was 55-60 mph.

Moulton wanted to mass produce the Aerocar in order to make it more affordable, so he entered into an agreement with Ling-Temco Enterprises in 1961, in Dallas, Texas for production. According to Moulton, the company accepted $278,000 in pre-order deposits and absconded with the money. Taylor sued the company and was involved in a two-year lawsuit in an attempt to retrieve the money. Taylor was never successful in producing the Aerocar on a mass scale, he says, because of the Federal Aviation Administration and their costly regulations, which would govern the industry.

## Aircraft

* Aerocar I (1949) – Single-engine two-seat roadable aircraft. 135 hp (101 kW) aircraft engine
* Aerocar Aero-Plane (1964) – Aircraft-only derivative of Aerocar I. 143 hp (107 kW) aircraft engine
* Aerocar III – Reworked fuselage derivative of Aerocar I. 143 hp (107 kW) aircraft engine. One produced
* Aerocar Coot (1969) – Single-engine two-seat floatplane with pusher propeller
* Aerocar IMP – Single-engine four-seat pusher aircraft
* Aerocar Mini-IMP – Single-engine single-seat smaller version of IMP
* Aerocar Bullet – Single-engine two-seat version of IMP
* Aerocar Micro-IMP (1981) – Single-engine single-seat smaller version of Mini-IMP
* Aerocar Ultra-IMP (1987) – Development of Micro-IMP with ultralight aircraft engine. One produced

* Aerocar 2000, a roadable aircraft currently in development in the United States

## InfoBox

Aerocar International
|
|  |
|
| Industry | Automobile |
| Defunct | 1960s |
| Key people | Moulton Taylor |
| Products | Flying automobiles<br>'An idea before its time' |


title: Ellerslie Eagles

abstract: The Ellerslie Eagles are a rugby league club based in Ellerslie, New Zealand. The club was founded in 1912 and competes in Auckland Rugby League competitions. Its premier team competes in the Sharman cup. The club celebrated its centenary Queen's Birthday weekend, 2012.

text:
# Ellerslie Eagles

The **Ellerslie Eagles** are a rugby league club based in Ellerslie, New Zealand. The club was founded in 1912 and competes in Auckland Rugby League competitions. Its premier team competes in the Sharman cup. The club celebrated its centenary Queen's Birthday weekend, 2012.

## History

### 1910s - 30s

The club was formed as the *Ellerslie Wanderers* at a meeting in April 1912 at the Ellerslie Hotel. However, with the outbreak of World War I in 1914 the club went into temporary recess for four years.

The club was reestablished on 26 July 1919 as the *Ellerslie United Rugby League Club*. With its reestablishment, the club adopted the Red, Blue and White colours that it still currently uses. They didn't however field a team until August 28, 1920 in the fourth grade competition, which was nearing the end of the season at the time. They also fielded a third grade side in a friendly match with Kingsland Athletic on September 25.

In 1925 they won their first ever grade trophy by taking out the B Division.

They won it again in 1927 and earned the right to play in the promotion relegation match with Grafton. They defeated them 11-3 and qualified to play in the A Grade (Monteith Shield - the forerunner to the Fox Memorial) for 1928.

In their first 1928 A grade match they upset Ponsonby 15-8 at Carlaw Park with tries by Davis, Allen, and Dance, and 3 conversions by Shand. They however finished in last place with a 3 win, 9 loss record. In 1929 they went win less but beat Point Chevalier 5-0 in the promotion-relegation match to remain in the top grade. In 1930 they finished second to last with a 4-18 record. In 1931, at request of the Auckland Rugby League, an amalgamation of the Ellerslie, Otahuhu and Mangere clubs took place, but all plans of this merger were abandoned before the year ended. Their short-lived merger with Otahuhu saw another last placed finish with a 1-1-10 record. The Auckland Rugby League decided at this point to reduce the number of first grade teams after concerns about the falling standard of play in recent seasons and Ellerslie were dropped from the top grade. They were not to regain a place in the Fox Memorial grade for several years.

### 1940s

In May, 1942 Mr. G. Chapman of the Ellerslie club was made a life member of the Auckland Rugby League due to his 30 years of service to the game in Auckland.

### 1950s - 60s

The club had a golden period in the 1950s, claiming the 1955 Roope Rooster and Stormont Shield, the 1956 Roope Rooster, the 1957 Fox Memorial and Rukutai Shield and the 1959 Roope Rooster and Stormont Shield. The club also played against three clubs from the New South Wales Rugby League premiership, losing to the Balmain Tigers 35–7 in 1956, defeating the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles 16–15 in 1958 and losing to the St. George Dragons 10–11 in 1959.

During the 1960s the Auckland Rugby League instituted a districts programme and Ellerslie, City Newton and Eastern Suburbs combined to form *Eastern Districts*. The combination won almost every trophy between 1960 and 1963 before the clubs regained their separate identities. In 1968 the Pakuranga club was formed as a feeder club to Ellerslie. Former New Zealand national rugby league team representative Maurie Robertson was appointed as coach in 1970.

### 1970s - present

The club officially adopted the Eagles name in 1971. During the 1980s the club bounced between the first and second divisions, with Sharman Cup (second division) wins in 1981 and 1986. They again lifted the Sharman Cup in 1991 and 1992. The club was affiliated to the Auckland City Vulcans during the 1994 Lion Red Cup and joined the Eastern Tornadoes side with the advent of the Bartercard Cup in 2000. In 2004 the club left the Tornadoes to become part of the Otahuhu-Ellerslie Leopards side in the Bartercard Cup.

The club celebrated its centenary on Queen's Birthday weekend 2012.

## Notable players

Ellerslie's best player ever is arguably Cyril Eastlake. Other Kiwi representatives include Ivan Littlewood, Craddock Dufty (1930), Wally Somers, Brian Campbell, Bruce Castle, Gary Phillips, Graham Brown, Bruce Castle, Ken McCracken, Jim Patterson, Ray Sinel, Brian Clark, Rob Orchard, Ken Stirling, Chris Jordan, Doug Gailey, Lyndsay Proctor, Gary Kemble, Logan Swann, Murray Eade, Tame Tupou and Kieran Foran.

Both Sean Hoppe and Kevin Iro played for the Glen Innes Falcons, a feeder club to Ellerslie during the 1980s.

Other notable players include Aaron and Stuart Lester, Doc Murray, Tongan internationals David Fisiiahi and Filimone Lolohea, Glen Fisiiahi and Liam Foran.

## Ellerslie Senior Team Records (1912-1943)

The season record for the most senior men’s team in the club.

| Season | Grade | Name | Played | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts | Position (Teams) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1912 | 2nd Grade | Ellerslie United | 9 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 9 | 69 | -60 | **4** | Approximately 6th of 8, full results unknown |
| 1913 | 2nd Grade | Ellerslie United | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | -3 | **0** | 7 Teams, results unknown |
| 1914-20 | Did not field any teams in regular season | Ellerslie United | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | **-** | - |
| 1921 | 2nd Grade | Ellerslie United | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 35 | 13 | 22 | **2** | Approximately 4th of 10, full results unknown |
| 1922 | 2nd Grade | Ellerslie United | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** | Last of 13 teams. Withdrew after 2 rounds with no results reported |
| 1923 | 2nd Grade | Ellerslie United | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 27 | -22 | **2** | Approximately 9th of 12, full results unknown |
| 1924 | 1st Grade (Monteith Shield) | Ellerslie United | 14 | 3 | 1 | 10 | 87 | 191 | -104 | **7** | 9th of 9 |
| 1925 | B Division (Norton Cup) | Ellerslie United | 12 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 89 | 62 | 27 | **18** | 1st of 5 |
| 1926 | B Division (Norton Cup) | Ellerslie United | 14 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 103 | 98 | 5 | **16** | 3rd of 6 |
| 1927 | B Division (Norton Cup) | Ellerslie United | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 151 | 75 | 76 | **26** | 1st of 7 (winning score v Mangere is missing) Beat Grafton 11-3 in pro-rel game for promotion to 1st Grade. |
| 1928 | 1st Grade (Monteith Shield) | Ellerslie United | 12 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 102 | 162 | -60 | **6** | 7th of 7, Beat Grafton in pro-rel 15-13 to stay in 1st Grade. |
| 1929 | 1st Grade (Monteith Shield) | Ellerslie United | 14 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 86 | 235 | -149 | **0** | 8th of 8, Beat Point Chevalier in pro-rel game 5-0 to stay in 1st Grade. |
| 1930 | 1st Grade (Monteith Shield) | Ellerslie United | 13 | 4 | 1 | 8 | 141 | 171 | -30 | **9** | 7th of 8 |
| 1931 | 1st Grade (Fox Memorial) | Ellerslie-Otahuhu | 12 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 85 | 237 | -152 | **3** | 7th of 7 (combined team) |
| 1932 | 2nd Grade | Ellerslie United | 16 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 62 | 77 | -15 | **12** | Approximately 6th of 9 |
| 1933 | 2nd Grade | Ellerslie United | 12 | 4 | 1 | 7 | 47 | 125 | -78 | **9** | 6th of 7 |
| 1934 | 2nd Grade | Ellerslie United | 14 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 31 | 141 | -110 | **1** | 6th of 6 |
| 1935 | 3rd Grade | Ellerslie United | 15 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 66 | 43 | 23 | **9** | Approximately 6th of 14 |
| 1936 | 3rd Grade | Ellerslie United | 18 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 222 | 59 | 163 | **23** | 1st of 17, W v Ponsonby 11-10 in final |
| 1937 | 3rd Grade | Ellerslie United | 11 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 93 | 24 | 69 | **16** | 2nd of 7 in section 1 |
| 1938 | Senior B (Sharman Cup) | Ellerslie United | 12 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 114 | 59 | 55 | **12** | 3rd of 6 |
| 1939 | Senior B (Sharman Cup) | Ellerslie United | 8 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 123 | 36 | 87 | **12** | 2nd of 6 |
| 1940 | Senior B (Sharman Cup) | Ellerslie United | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 41 | 40 | 1 | **8** | 3rd of 5 (incomplete record) |
| 1941 | Senior B (Sharman Cup) | Ellerslie United | 10 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 88 | 46 | 42 | **14** | 2nd of 8 (incomplete record) |
| 1912-43 | TOTAL |  | 243 | 98 | 13 | 116 | 1788 | 2012 | -224 | **209** |  |

## All time top point scorers (1924, 1928-1931)

The point scoring lists are compiled from matches played in matches from the first grade championship, the Roope Rooster, Phelan Shield, and Sharman Cup only. One off matches and exhibition matches are not included. The statistics for the combined Ellerslie-Otahuhu team of 1931 are included. Matches in the B Division are not included due to a lack of records available at this stage.

| Top point scorers |
| --- |
| No | Player | Start | End | Games | Tries | Con | Pen | DG | Pts |
| 1 | Hemingway | 1928 | 1931 | - | 7 | 13 | 13 | 1 | 75 |
| 2 | Craddock Dufty | 1929 | 1931 | 16 | 1 | 13 | 7 | 1 | 45 |
| 3 | Ivan Littlewood | 1928 | 1929 | 21 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 34 |
| 4 | John Shand | 1924 | 1928 | - | 3 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 31 |
| 5 | L 'Shorty' Oliff | 1929 | 1931 | - | 4 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 30 |
| 6 | Stan Webb | 1930 | 1931 | 27 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 28 |
| 7 | Hickey | 1930 | 1931 | - | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 26 |
| 8 | Drew | 1930 | 1931 | - | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 23 |
| 9 | Bryan | 1924 | - | 15 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
| 10= | Quirke | 1930 | 1931 | - | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| 10= | Peebles | 1924 | - | 14 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 15 |
| 12 | Wally Somers | 1930 | - | 11 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 13 |
| 13= | Coster | 1930 | - | - | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
| 13= | Hobbs | 1929 | 1931 | - | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
| 15 | R Cook | 1928 | 1929 | - | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 11 |
|

## Ellerslie grade championships (1912-41)

* 1924 6th Grade B (Ellerslie B)
* 1925 B Grade (2nd division) - Norton Cup
* 1927 B Grade (2nd division) - Norton Cup
* 1932 Senior Schoolboys
* 1934 6th Grade
* 1936 3rd Grade
* 1939 Intermediate Schoolboys
* 1941 7th Grade

## InfoBox

Ellerslie Eagles
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Club information | |
| Full name | Ellerslie Eagles Rugby League Football Club |
| Colours | Red / White / Navy Blue |
| Founded | 1912 (1912) |
| Website | www.facebook.com/EERLFC/timeline |
| Current details | |
| Ground(s) | * Ellerslie Domain |
| Coach | TJ Atuahiva |
| Captain | Robert Tamapeau |
| Competition | Auckland Rugby League |
| Records | |
| Premierships | **1957, 1974** |
| Runners-up | **1972** |
| Minor premierships | **1957, 1972, 1974** |
| Roope Rooster | **1955, 1956, 1959, 1968, 2004** |
| Stormont Shield | **1955, 1959, 1968, 1974** |
| Sharman Cup | **1949, 1981, 1986, 1991, 1992, 2002** |
| Norton Cup | **1925, 1927** |
| Stallard Cup | **1927** |


title: Africa T20 Cup

abstract: The Africa T20 Cup was a Twenty20 cricket tournament organised by Cricket South Africa. It featured a combination of South African provincial teams and teams representing other African countries, including Kenya, Namibia, and Zimbabwe. It ran for four years before being replaced by the CSA Provincial T20 Cup. The first edition of the tournament was played in September and October 2015, as a precursor to the 2015–16 South African domestic season. It was won by Northerns, which defeated KwaZulu-Natal Inland in the final by seven wickets. The second edition of the tournament was played in September and October 2016. It was won by Eastern Province, who defeated Northern Cape in the final by 31 runs.

text:
# Africa T20 Cup

The **Africa T20 Cup** was a Twenty20 cricket tournament organised by Cricket South Africa. It featured a combination of South African provincial teams and teams representing other African countries, including Kenya, Namibia, and Zimbabwe. It ran for four years before being replaced by the CSA Provincial T20 Cup.

The first edition of the tournament was played in September and October 2015, as a precursor to the 2015–16 South African domestic season. It was won by Northerns, which defeated KwaZulu-Natal Inland in the final by seven wickets. The second edition of the tournament was played in September and October 2016. It was won by Eastern Province, who defeated Northern Cape in the final by 31 runs.

## Background

The Africa T20 Cup has been characterised as "essentially a showcase in cricket development". The South African teams have various restrictions on the composition of their squads – they had to feature no more than four players from the professional franchises, at least two players under the age of 21, and at least six players of colour (including at least three Black Africans). The Africa T20 Cup partially filled the gap left in the South African calendar by the cancellation of the Champions League Twenty20. The SuperSport television network, a major sponsor of Cricket South Africa, was the tournament's broadcaster.

## Expansion

In 2016, it was suggested that the Africa T20 Cup would be expanded in the future to include other African countries, such as Uganda. For the 2018 edition, the number of teams was increased from 16 to 20, with the addition of the South African teams of Limpopo and Mpumalanga, along with national representation from Ghana and Nigeria. However, Ghana declined Cricket South Africa's invite to compete in the tournament, and were replaced by Uganda.

## Results

| Year | Teams | Final venue | Result | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Winner | Margin | Runner-up |
| 2015 | 16 | Mangaung Oval, Bloemfontein | Northerns
107/3 (18 overs) | Northerns won by 7 wickets
scorecard | KwaZulu-Natal Inland
103/8 (20 overs) |
| 2016 | 16 | Recreation Ground, Oudtshoorn | Eastern Province
165/6 (20 overs) | Eastern Province won by 31 runs
scorecard | Northern Cape
134/9 (20 overs) |
| 2017 | 16 | Diamond Oval, Kimberley | KwaZulu-Natal Inland
129/4 (17.5 overs) | KwaZulu-Natal Inland won by 6 wickets
scorecard | Free State
128/5 (20 overs) |
| 2018 | 20 | Buffalo Park, East London | Gauteng
131/7 (19.2 overs) | Gauteng won by 3 wickets
scorecard | Border
130 (20 overs) |

## Teams

## InfoBox

Africa T20 Cup
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Countries | * South Africa (15 teams) * Kenya (1 team) * Namibia (1 team) * Zimbabwe (1 team) * Uganda (1 team) * Nigeria (1 team) |
| Administrator | Cricket South Africa |
| Format | Twenty20 |
| First edition | 2015 |
| Latest edition | 2018 |
| Tournament format | Group stage, finals |
| Number of teams | 20 |
| TV | SuperSport |
| Website | cricket.co.za |


title: Aecidium amaryllidis

abstract: Aecidium amaryllidis is a species of fungus in the Pucciniales order. It was described by Syd., P. Syd and E.J.Butler in 1912. It was found on the leaves of Amaryllis species in Uttarakhand, India.

text:
# Aecidium amaryllidis

***Aecidium amaryllidis*** is a species of fungus in the Pucciniales order. It was described by Syd., P. Syd and E.J.Butler in 1912.

It was found on the leaves of *Amaryllis* species in Uttarakhand, India.

## InfoBox

| *Aecidium amaryllidis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Pucciniomycetes |
| Order: | Pucciniales |
| Family: | *incertae sedis* |
| Genus: | *Aecidium* |
| Species: | ***A. amaryllidis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aecidium amaryllidis***<br>Syd., P. Syd & E.J.Butler (1912) | |
|


title: Aechmutes armatus

abstract: Aechmutes armatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gounelle in 1911.

text:
# Aechmutes armatus

***Aechmutes armatus*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gounelle in 1911.

## InfoBox

| *Aechmutes armatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Aechmutes* |
| Species: | ***A. armatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aechmutes armatus***<br>Gounelle, 1911 | |
|


title: Afghanis-tan

abstract: Afghanis-tan or Afghanistan is a Japanese yonkoma manga, originally published as a webcomic, by Timaking (ちまきing). It is also the name of the protagonist of the manga. The manga is nicknamed Afgan

text:
# Afghanis-tan

***Afghanis-tan*** (あふがにすタン, *Afuganisu-tan*, see note on name below) or ***Afghanistan*** is a Japanese *yonkoma* manga, originally published as a webcomic, by Timaking (ちまきing). It is also the name of the protagonist of the manga. The manga is nicknamed Afgan (あふがん, *Afugan*)

## Background

*Afghanis-tan* illustrates the modern history of Afghanistan and its neighboring countries, starting from the imperialist era in the 19th century, through *moe* anthropomorphism. The title character, a short and clumsy *bishōjo*, is a national personification of Afghanistan. Other female characters personify the nearby nations of Central Asia, such as Pakistan and Uzbekistan. Nations that have fought wars in Afghanistan at various times, such as Britain, the Soviet Union and the United States also make appearances. The Taliban regime and Al-Qaeda terrorist group are also represented in the comic as feral cats.

Each *yonkoma* strip is accompanied by an "Afghan Memo" that explains some of the background and history of the nations depicted. Additional pages give short biographies of the characters.

The fact that it is a *moe* manga depicting international conflict, and the fact that it personifies countries, has drawn some criticism. However, it has also drawn attention for its attempt to blend an appropriate depiction of the history and background of each country with the personality of its characters.

*Afghanis-tan* has finished, and work on its sequel, "Pakis-tan" (ISBN 4-86199-116-1), was suspended after four editions but was released in 2008 by the company SansaiBooks. The author of both the comics caught a virus on his computer that had leaked his personal info, after which he took down his website and moved on from associating with the comics.

On July 26, 2005, after several delays, the series went on sale as a comic book, "Afghanis-tan" (ISBN 4-86199-009-2).

## Characters

**Afghanis-tan** (あふがにすタン, *Afuganisu-tan*, represents Afghanistan) The protagonist of the series, an unfortunate girl surrounded by neighbors with strong personalities. According to her character description, "she trips and falls a lot". Her design appears to be based on Sharbat Gula, an Afghan woman whose iconic photo appeared on the cover of the June 1985 issue of National Geographic.  **Pakis-tan** (ぱきすタン, *Pakisu-tan*, represents Pakistan) Boastful, and often feels lonely, especially without Kashmir. Likes Afghanis-tan.  **Uzbekis-tan** (うずべきすタン, *Uzubekisu-tan*, represents Uzbekistan) Stubborn and a sore loser. Often quarrels with Pakis-tan. Idolizes "Older-Sister Russia".  **Tajikis-tan** (たじきすタン, *Tajikisu-tan*, represents Tajikistan) A salt-of-the-earth Edokko type, quick to argue and quick to make up. Has girlish tastes.  **Kyrgyzs-tan** (きるぎすタン, *Kirugisu-tan*, represents Kyrgyzstan) Quick-thinking and sharp-tongued. Always riding on a wooden horse.  **Turkmenis-tan** (とるくめにすタン, *Torukumenisu-tan*, represents Turkmenistan) A girl with a mysterious personality. One never knows her true thoughts. (Cf. Saparmurat Niyazov)  **Meriken** (めりけん, *Meriken*, represents the United States) The richest person in the neighborhood and a bully.  **Al-Nyaida** (あるにゃいだ, *Arunyaida*, represents Al-Qaeda) A group of feral cats causing trouble in the neighborhood. Come to live in Afghanis-tan's house while she is out.

## Reception

Around the time when the book was published by Sansai Books, part of the intention was to provide information about the current state of Afghanistan.

There is criticism that using the style of *moe* trivializes the situation. In particular, the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 were depicted as "an incident where a cat called Al-Qaeda bit America", a fact which was severely criticized in the secondary work, "Introduction to the Kashmir conflict (カシミール紛争入門, *Kashimīru Funsō Nyūmon*)".

## Collections

| No. | Title | Release date | ISBN |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | *Afghanis-tan* (あふがにすタン, Afuganisu-tan) | July 26, 2006 | 978-4-8619-9009-0 |
| 2 | *Pakis-tan* (ぱきすタン, Pakisu-tan) | August 30, 2008 | 978-4-8619-9116-5 |

## InfoBox

| Afghanis-tan (Afghanistan) | |
| --- | --- |
| Japanese edition cover | |
| あふがにすタン<br>(*Afuganisu-tan*) | |
| Genre |  |
| Manga | |
| Written by | Timaking (ちまきing) |
| Published by | SansaiBooks |
| Magazine | *Online* |
| Original run | October 2003February 2005 |
| Volumes | 1 |
| Manga | |
| *Pakis-tan* | |
| Written by | Timaking (ちまきing) |
| Published by | SansaiBooks |
| Magazine | *Online* |
| Original run | February 2005Late Winter/Early Spring 2005 |
| Volumes | 1 |


title: Afa Ismail

abstract: Afa Ismail is a Maldivian sprinter. She competed in the 100 metres competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics and 200 metres event for the Maldives at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. She was the flag bearer for the Maldives during the closing ceremony. She is the current national record holder in the 200 metres and the 4×100 metres relay.

text:
# Afa Ismail

**Afa Ismail** (born 1 November 1993 in Malé) is a Maldivian sprinter. She competed in the 100 metres competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics and 200 metres event for the Maldives at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. She was the flag bearer for the Maldives during the closing ceremony.

She is the current national record holder in the 200 metres and the 4×100 metres relay.

## Achievements

### Personal bests

### National titles

* 3 Times Renewed 200 Meters National Record - 2011, 15, 16
* 3 Times National Athletics Tournament Overall Best Female Athlete - 2012, 13, 14
* 4 Times National 200 Meters Champion - 2012, 13, 14, 16
* 5 Times National Long Jump Champion - 2011, 12, 13, 14, 16
* 3 Times National 100 Meters Champion - 2012, 13, 14

## InfoBox

Afa Ismail
| Afa Ismail in 2017 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1993-11-01) 1 November 1993<br>Malé, Maldives |
| Height | 1.57 m (5 ft 2 in) |
| Weight | 45 kg (99 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Country | Maldives |
| Achievements and titles | |
| Personal bests | * 100m: 12.32 * 200m: 24.96 **NR** |
| Medal record      Johor Open Athletics Championship 2015 100 metres  Johor Open Athletics Championship 2015 200 metres | |


title: Aethalopteryx

abstract: Aethalopteryx is a genus of moths belonging to the family Cossidae.

text:
# Aethalopteryx

***Aethalopteryx*** is a genus of moths belonging to the family Cossidae.

## Diagnosis

*Aethalopteryx* is distinguished from close relatives *Trismelasmos* Schoorl, 1990, *Acosma* Yakovlev, 2011, *Strigocossus* Houlbert, 1916 and *Azygophleps* Hampson, 1892 by having cup-shaped antennae in both sexes, forewings with slight reticulated patterns and reduced arms in males gnathos and particularly genital structure of the females.

## Description

Medium sized moths. Male and female antennae cup-shaped; forewing elongate with slight reticular pattern, often with a spot in the costal area and spots in the postdiscal area; hindwing with indistinct reticular pattern.

## Distribution

Species are primarily found in east Africa with some distributed elsewhere in Africa or in the Arabian peninsula.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Aethalopteryx* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Male Aethalopteryx diksami | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Cossidae |
| Tribe: | Xyleutini |
| Genus: | *Aethalopteryx*
Schoorl, 1990 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Phragmatoecia atrireta*
Hampson, 1910 | |
| Species | |
| See text | |


title: Aethaloessa calidalis

abstract: Aethaloessa calidalis is a moth of the family Crambidae described by Achille Guenée in 1854. It is found throughout the Seychelles, South and South-East Asia, Australia and on many Pacific islands. This moth figured on an 8-cent stamp of Tuvalu in 1980.

text:
# Aethaloessa calidalis

***Aethaloessa calidalis*** is a moth of the family Crambidae described by Achille Guenée in 1854. It is found throughout the Seychelles, South and South-East Asia, Australia and on many Pacific islands.

This moth figured on an 8-cent stamp of Tuvalu in 1980.

## InfoBox

| *Aethaloessa calidalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Subfamily: | Spilomelinae |
| Genus: | *Aethaloessa* |
| Species: | ***A. calidalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aethaloessa calidalis***<br>(Guenée, 1854) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Glyphodes calidalis* Guenée, 1854 * *Botys witialis* C. Felder, R. Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875 * *Hyalea fulvidalis* Wallengren, 1860 * *Syngamia aurantiaca* Hampson, 1912 * *Syngamia octavialis* Walker, 1859 * *Syngamia secutalis* Walker, 1866 * *Syngamia tiphalis* Walker, 1859 | |


title: Aeneus (of Aenus)

abstract: In Greek mythology, Aeneus or Aineus was the legendary founder of the ancient Thracian city of Aenus.

text:
# Aeneus (of Aenus)

In Greek mythology, **Aeneus** (Ancient Greek: Αἰνεύς) or **Aineus** was the legendary founder of the ancient Thracian city of Aenus (also called Poltyobria or Poltymbria).

## Mythology

Aeneus was the father of Cyzicus by Aenete, daughter of Eusorus. His parentage has been given as Apollo and Stilbe. This would make Aeneus the brother of Lapithes and Centaurus, the founders of the ancient Lapith and Centaur tribes in Thessaly. However, this Aeneus may have been intended as the eponymous founder of the Aenianes, another Thessalian tribe, and may not be the same as the founder of the Thracian city of Aenus. Given that the ancient city of Cyzicus was said to be founded by Thessalians, this Thessalian Aeneus may have been intended as the father of the mythical person named Cyzicus, founder of the city of the same name.

### Apollonius' Account

> "And about the isthmus and the plain the Doliones had their dwelling, and over them Cyzicus son of **Aeneus** was king, whom Aenete the daughter of goodly Eusorus bare."

### Parthenius' Account

> "There are various forms of the story of Cyzicus the son of **Aeneus**."

### Valerius' Account

> "Forth from the palace goes the crew of Argo, and along with them stream out of the city all the sons of **Aeneus** \[i.e. Cyzicus\] clinging to their dear departing comrades."

1. Valerius Flaccus, 3.1 ff.; Parthenius, 28.1 from the *Apollodorus* of Euphorion and the latter part from the first book of the *Argonautica* of Apollonius Rhodius (1.949)
2. Scholia ad Apollonius Rhodius, 1.948
3. Diodorus Siculus, 4.69.1; Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, 1.40


title: Afonso Van-Dúnem

abstract: Afonso Van-Dúnem aka M'Binda was an Angolan politician. Van-Dúnem worked as the MPLA-Workers' Party representative in Zambia and Tanzania from 1970 to 1972, as well as being elected to the Central Committee of the MPLA from 1976 onwards. He was also Minister of External Relations from 1985 to 1989 and Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1991 to 2000.

text:
# Afonso Van-Dúnem

**Afonso Van-Dúnem** aka ***M'Binda*** (7 September 1941  14 November 2014) was an Angolan politician. Van-Dúnem worked as the MPLA-Workers' Party representative in Zambia and Tanzania from 1970 to 1972, as well as being elected to the Central Committee of the MPLA from 1976 onwards. He was also Minister of External Relations from 1985 to 1989 and Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1991 to 2000.

## Career

While Van-Dúnem was Minister of External Relations, he helped to negotiate the agreement that led to the Cuban withdrawal from Angola and the South African withdrawal from Namibia, paving the way for Namibia's independence.

## Personal life

Van-Dúnem married Luzia Inglês Van-Dúnem, an MPLA politician and women's rights activist; they had four children.

1. "Decreto Presidencial n.º 111/91" (in Portuguese). imprensanacional.gov.ao. Retrieved 4 Mar 2019.
2. FSDEA offers its condolences to family of Afonso Van-Dunem (death announced on 17 November 2014), fundosoberano.ao; accessed 24 November 2014.
3. "Luzia Inglês "Inga", SG da OMA". *CLUB-K ANGOLA - Notícias Imparciais de Angola* (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2021-01-13.

## InfoBox

| Afonso Van-Dúnem "Mbinda" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Provincial Commissioner of Luanda | |
| **In office**
1977–1978 | |
| Preceded by | Pedro F. Luís Manuel |
| Succeeded by | A. Mendes de Carvalho |
| Foreign Minister of Angola | |
| **In office**
1985–1989 | |
| Preceded by | José Eduardo dos Santos |
| Succeeded by | P. Castro Van-Dúnem *Loy* |
| Ambassador of Angola to the UN | |
| **In office**
1991–1999 | |
| Preceded by | Manuel Pedro Pacavira |
| Succeeded by | José Patrício |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 7 September 1941
Luanda, Angola |
| Died | 14 November 2014(2014-11-14) (aged 73)
Luanda, Angola |
| Spouse | Luzia Inglês Van-Dúnem |
|  | |


abstract: The 1964 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final was the 77th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1964 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland. Galway took a four-point lead in the first ten minutes, and won with the help of Cyril Dunne's nine points. It was the first of three All-Ireland football titles won by Galway in the 1960s, which made them joint "team of the decade" with Down, who also won three. Galway's three 1960s titles came consecutively. To say that Kerry were favourites for this final would be an understatement, and given the contrast of both counties' semi-final victories, few people saw past Kerry for the All-Ireland title. Galway's hard-fought 2-point victory over Meath could hardly compare to Kerry's 12-point demolition of Cavan, or could it. If there was a prepared script, Galway didn't read it, as they proceeded to run the favourites ragged with a wonderful display of constructive, intelligent football. Their opening salvo yielded 4 points as Kerry sought to impose their own pattern on the game. They did manage to save face and at half-time, the four point gap remained, 0-7 to 0-3 in favour of Galway. Early second-half uncertainty on Galway's part almost allowed Kerry back into the decider and if they had taken one of two early goal chances, they might just have done that. It was the wake-up call Galway needed as the flow of the game steered irresistibly into Galway's hands. Cyril punished every Kerry indiscretion with the signal of a white flag. Mick O'Connell responded with equal aplomb but when Galway's lead extended to six points, it was all over. Galway had won their first title since 1956 and their 5th overall. It was the first part of their memorable "Three In A Row". Michael Donnellan died at this game, shortly before his son John lifted the Sam Maguire Cup.

text:
# 1964 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final

The **1964 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final** was the 77th All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1964 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, an inter-county Gaelic football tournament for the top teams in Ireland.

Galway took a four-point lead in the first ten minutes, and won with the help of Cyril Dunne's nine points. It was the first of three All-Ireland football titles won by Galway in the 1960s, which made them joint "team of the decade" with Down, who also won three.

Galway's three 1960s titles came consecutively.

To say that Kerry were favourites for this final would be an understatement, and given the contrast of both counties' semi-final victories, few people saw past Kerry for the All-Ireland title. Galway's hard-fought 2-point victory over Meath could hardly compare to Kerry's 12-point demolition of Cavan, or could it. If there was a prepared script, Galway didn't read it, as they proceeded to run the favourites ragged with a wonderful display of constructive, intelligent football. Their opening salvo yielded 4 points as Kerry sought to impose their own pattern on the game. They did manage to save face and at half-time, the four point gap remained, 0-7 to 0-3 in favour of Galway. Early second-half uncertainty on Galway's part almost allowed Kerry back into the decider and if they had taken one of two early goal chances, they might just have done that. It was the wake-up call Galway needed as the flow of the game steered irresistibly into Galway's hands. Cyril punished every Kerry indiscretion with the signal of a white flag. Mick O'Connell responded with equal aplomb but when Galway's lead extended to six points, it was all over. Galway had won their first title since 1956 and their 5th overall. It was the first part of their memorable "Three In A Row".

Michael Donnellan died at this game, shortly before his son John lifted the Sam Maguire Cup.

## Match details

| 27 September 1964
Final | **Galway** | **0–15 – 0–10** | **Kerry** | Croke Park, Dublin
Attendance: 76,498
Referee: J. Hatton (Wicklow) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | C Dunne 0-9, S Leydon 0-2, C Tyrrell 0-1, J Keenan 0-1, S Cleary 0-1, M McDonagh 0-1. |  | M O'Connell 0-7, P Griffin 0-2, M O'Dwyer 0-1. | |

---

## InfoBox

1964 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship final
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Event | 1964 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship |
|  | |
| Date | 27 September 1964 |
| Venue | Croke Park, Dublin |
| Referee | J. Hatton (Wicklow) |
| Attendance | 76,498 |
|


title: Anaplectoides

abstract: Anaplectoides is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

text:
# Anaplectoides

***Anaplectoides*** is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Anaplectoides* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Anaplectoides prasina* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Subtribe: | Noctuina |
| Genus: | *Anaplectoides*<br>McDunnough, \[1929\] |
|


title: Didi Senft

abstract: Dieter "Didi" Senft is a German cycling fan who is known as Didi the Devil or El Diablo at the Tour de France and Giro d'Italia. Since 1993, he has been seen in the Tour and Giro's many stages wearing his red devil costume and painting trident symbols on the road some miles before he appears. Senft said the inspiration for his costume came from secretly watching the Tour de France on West German TV and hearing a broadcaster refer to the red triangular flag that marks the last kilometer as "the devil's red flag."

text:
# Didi Senft

**Dieter "Didi" Senft** (born 7 February 1952) is a German cycling fan who is known as **Didi the Devil** or **El Diablo** at the Tour de France and Giro d'Italia. Since 1993, he has been seen in the Tour and Giro's many stages wearing his red devil costume and painting trident symbols on the road some miles before he appears. Senft said the inspiration for his costume came from secretly watching the Tour de France on West German TV and hearing a broadcaster refer to the red triangular flag that marks the last kilometer as "the devil's red flag."

## Biography

Senft is an inventor who has created numerous unusual bicycles including the largest rideable bicycle in the world. He has 17 world records from bike-related inventions. According to the Guinness Book of Records, Senft built the largest mobile guitar, taking the form of a bicycle.

During multi-day stage races he often travels ahead of the race itself in a custom-decorated camper vehicle, picking various locations for the race to pass by. He is also a regular attendee at important single day races, such as the spring classics and world championships.

In 1996, Senft travelled to Atlanta, Georgia, USA, to cheer on the athletes during the 1996 Summer Olympic Games cycling road race on the streets of suburban Buckhead.

During the 2006 Tour of Switzerland, Didi Senft painted his signature trident on the road before the competitors were set to go by. However, the local Swiss police told him it was illegal and asked him to remove the marks in order to avoid facing a fine.

He was again in the spotlight at Euro 2008 when he rode through Klagenfurt in his specially created "Football Bike" prior to the Germany vs Croatia Match.

He was seen at the 2011 and 2012 Giro d'Italia and the 2011 Cologne Marathon in a pink devil costume.

In 2012, Senft confirmed he would miss the Tour de France for the first time since 1993 after undergoing surgery. "I just got back from having my head x-rayed, the third time in three weeks, I feel like a Chernobyl reactor," he told Cyclingnews.com. "Today the results were much better and I can start doing more things every day." Following his enforced absence from events, Senft was present at the 2012 World Championships, and has been at the Tour de France in each edition since, as of 2024.

## InfoBox

| Didi Senft | |
| --- | --- |
| Senft, as the *Red Devil*; 2005 Tour of Germany | |
| Born | Dieter Senft
(1952-02-07) 7 February 1952
Reichenwalde, East Germany |
| Other names | * Didi the Devil * El Diablo |


title: Eight Sights of Guangzhou

abstract: The Eight Views of Ram City, also known as the Eight Sights of Guangzhou is the collective name for various collections of the eight most famous tourist attractions in Guangzhou, China, during different periods of its history. Collections of "Eight Views" is a common trope in Chinese travel literature.

text:
# Eight Sights of Guangzhou

The **Eight Views of Ram City**, also known as the **Eight Sights of Guangzhou** is the collective name for various collections of the eight most famous tourist attractions in Guangzhou, China, during different periods of its history. Collections of "Eight Views" is a common trope in Chinese travel literature.

## Song dynasty

The Eight Sights of Guangzhou in the Song dynasty were recorded in the *Annals of Nanhai County* (南海) of the Kangxi Era and the *Annals of Guangzhou Prefecture* (广州) of the Qianlong Era. Most of the sights were closely related to water bodies in the city, reflecting its tight cultural connection to water.

* Fuxu Yuri (Chinese: 扶胥浴日) referred to Yuri Pavilion in Fuxu Town, located in present-day Miaotou Village, Nangang Town to the east of Nanhai Temple. Yuri Pavilion used to overlook the Pearl River. At dawn, the sun could be seen rising amidst the waves of the river. The pavilion has survived till the modern days, but the riverside has retreated by hundreds of metres. Trees and buildings standing on the alluvial land now completely blocks the view of the river from the pavilion.
* Shimen Fanzhao (Chinese: 石门返照; lit. 'reflections of Shimen') was located at the intersection of a tributary of the Bei River with Liuxi River in present-day Shimen Village, Jianggao Town in Baiyun District. The surrounding mountains were reflected upon the river. The sun at dawn and dusk would add to the splendor of the sight. Occasionally, mirages could be seen above the water. Legend had it that the view of Shaozhou of hundreds of *li* away had been seen in a mirage.
* Haishan Xiaoji (Chinese: 海山晓霁; lit. 'Haishan Building after dawn shower') referred to Haishan Building. Located in present-day Beijing Lu, Haishan Building had an immediate view of the Pearl River thanks to the width of the river at its time. The sight disappeared in the Yuan dynasty as the building caught fire and collapsed.
* Zhujiang Qiuse (Chinese: 珠江秋色; lit. 'autumn scenery of Pearl River') was found near the intersection of present-day Yanjiang Xilu and Xindi 1 Henglu. In the Song dynasty, this segment of the Pearl River running through Guangzhou was still as wide as one kilometre. A round reef, Haizhu Reef, lay in the middle of the river. Tides would submerge and expose the reef every day. The river has since narrowed over the course of time. Haizhu Reef became buried underground inland in the 1930s.
* Juhu Yunying (Chinese: 菊湖云影; lit. 'reflections of clouds on Juhu Lake') referred to Juhu Lake, a reservoir constructed by Lu Gou, Prefectural Governor of Guangzhou and Military Commissioner of Lingnan in 836 CE. The reservoir was decorated with pavilions and pagodas; cotton trees and erythrinas were planted along the blanks. It became a popular scenic spot for spring-time excursions of local residents. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the Southern Han dynasty established an imperial palace at the reservoir. The reservoir silted and dried up in the Yuan dynasty. Present-day Xiaobei Lu runs by the southeast of Yuexiu Mountain through the place where the reservoir was located.
* Pujian Lianquan (Chinese: 蒲涧濂泉) was a creek on Baiyun Mountain. The name "Pujian" came from the calami growing in the creek. Creek water fell off a tall cliff and was blown into countless droplets by the mountain breeze. When it rained, the falling droplets became a waterfall, then a spring emerged and was called Lianquan Spring. The present-day Pujian Creek has changed its course, and calami are no longer found in it. The remains of the waterfall of Lianquan Spring can be found at the north end of Lianquan Lu.
* Guangxiao Puti (Chinese: 光孝菩提; lit. 'pipal in Guangxiao Temple') referred to Guangxiao Temple. In 676, a revered monk named Zhiyao planted a pipal in the temple. The tree lived for more than 1100 years until it was brought down by a typhoon in 1800. In 1802, a new tree was planted and was a descendant of the older tree, which can be found in the temple today.
* Datong Yanyu (Chinese: 大通烟雨) referred to Datong Temple and Yanyu Well in the temple. Yanyu Well was said to be capable of forecasting weather. When rain was about to fall, fog would rise from the well. The temple was reduced to debris during the occupation of Guangzhou by Japanese forces in the Second Sino-Japanese War. Located in Fangcun by the mouth of Huadi River, only several street names were left of the temple, and only one of those streets is still found today.

## Yuan dynasty

The Eight Sights of Guangzhou in the Yuan dynasty retained four sights of those in the Song dynasty while adding four new ones. The four sights from the Song dynasty were all water-related; meanwhile, the four new ones were all mountain sights. All eight sights were found outside the city walls.

* Fuxu Yuri
* Shimen Fanzhao
* Datong Yanyu
* Pujian Lianquan
* Baiyun Wanwang (Chinese: 白云晚望) referred to the view of the city of Guangzhou at dusk from Baiyun Temple on Baiyun Mountain. Baiyun Temple was located on the south side of Baiyun Mountain. In the Yuan dynasty, the city boundaries were still quite far away from Baiyun Mountain. Therefore, at Baiyun Temple, the view of the entire city could be seen and was particularly splendid at dusk. The location of the sight has now become a popular spot for moon sighting on the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival.
* Jingtai Senggui (Chinese: 景泰僧归; lit. 'monks returning to Jingtai Temple') referred to Jingtai Temple on the north side of Baiyun Mountain. It was established by a famous monk named Jingtai in the Datong era of the reign of Emperor Wu of the Liang dynasty. The temple had since gradually become a popular tourist attraction. The sight was destroyed in the early Qing dynasty when the rebel armies of Shang Kexi and Geng Zhongming logged trees in the area for building cannons during their invasion of Guangzhou.
* Yuetai Qiuse (Chinese: 粤台秋色; lit. 'autumn sights at Yuewang Platform') referred to Yuexiu Mountain. Yuewang Platform was the earliest recreational spot in Guangzhou. Built during the Western Han dynasty, only the pedestal was left to be found in the Tang dynasty. The sight was then known for its natural landscape.
* Lingzhou Aofu (Chinese: 灵洲鳌负; lit. 'Mount Lingzhou carried by a godly turtle') referred to Mount Lingzhou located in present-day Guanyao Town, Nanhai District, Foshan to the northwest of Guangzhou. In the Yuan dynasty, the nearby Xinan and Lubao Streams had not silted. The mount was surrounded by vast water in all directions. Passengers travelling by the mount would climb it for a sightseeing trip of the mount itself as well as the Xi and Bei Rivers. The sight declined over the last 300 years as the surrounding water narrowed and transportation became inconvenient.

## Ming dynasty

The Eight Sights of Guangzhou of the Ming dynasty were recorded in *Transcripts of Ancient Manuscripts on Yangcheng* (Chinese: 《羊城古钞》), which quoted *Annals of Ming* (Chinese: 《明志》) as well as *Continued Annals of Nanhai County* (Chinese: 《南海县续志》), compiled in 1910. The list of this era saw a radical departure from that of the Song dynasty. As the city boundaries expanded, only sights located in the urban areas were selected.

* Yuexiu Songtao (Chinese: 粤秀松涛; lit. 'pines of Yuexiu Mountain') referred to Yuexiu Mountain.
* Suishi Dongtian (Chinese: 穗石洞天; lit. 'scenes of Sui Rock') was a red sandstone hillock. It had been an islet located in shallow seawater and developed numerous potholes due to corrosion. Two such potholes found on a big rock resembled the shape of a footprint and were believed to be trace left by an immortal, earning the rock a name "Xianren Muji" (Chinese: 仙人拇迹; lit. 'immortal's footprint'). The scene is now part of Wuxian Temple. What used to be by the seaside during the Jin dynasty is now a few kilometres inland from the north shore of the Pearl River.
* Panshan Yunqi (Chinese: 番山云气; lit. 'mist on Mount Pan') is now just an inconspicuous mound inside Sun Yat-sen Literature Library on Wende Lu. During its glorious days, the ancient Wen Creek flowed to its east. In the wet days, evaporated creek water would create a mist in the shade of pines and cotton trees. However, Wen Creek was rerouted away in 1467 to connect with Donghao Stream. With the loss of its water source, the scene gradually disappeared in the mid-late Ming dynasty.
* Yaozhou Chunxiao (Chinese: 药洲春晓; lit. 'spring dawn on Yaozhou Islet') was an artificial islet in Xi Lake, a lake built from excavating a natural pool during the Southern Han dynasty. "Yaozhou" literally means "medicine islet". It was the place where Southern Han emperor Liu Yan gathered alchemists to produce medicine. Medicine was dumped into the water, dying the water into a unique scenery. Xi Lake was filled with earth after the Chenghua era in the Ming dynasty. Today, a garden on Jiaoyu Lu named Site of Yaozhou (Chinese: 药洲遗址) encloses the remains of the sight.
* Qilin Sujing (Chinese: 琪林苏井; lit. 'jade woods and Su Shi's well') referred to Xuanmiao Temple, which was known for its gardening in the Ming dynasty. In local legends, trees inside were planted by immortals. There was also a well which was said to be drilled by Su Shi. Thus the sight was named. The site of Xuanmiao Temple has since become a densely populated urban area. No trace of the sight can be found today.
* Zhujiang Qinglan (Chinese: 珠江晴澜; lit. 'waves of the Pearl River in a clear day') was the same sight as Zhujiang Qiuse of the Song dynasty.
* Xiangshan Qiaoge (Chinese: 象山樵歌; lit. 'Mount Xianggang wood cutters' songs')
* Liwan Yuchang (Chinese: 荔湾渔唱; lit. 'Lychee Bay fishermen's songs')

## Qing dynasty

Eight Views of the Ram City were chosen through public appraisal twice in the Qing dynasty. The first election was in the Qianlong era and the second was from the Tongzhi era to the Guangxu era.

### Qianlong era

Quoted from Yangcheng Guchao (Chinese: 《羊城古鈔》; pinyin: *yángchéng gǔchāo*; lit. 'Ram City Ancient Manuscripts').

### Tongzhi and Guangxu eras

Quoted from Yuedong Biji (Chinese: 《粤东笔记》; pinyin: *yuèdōng bǐjì*; lit. 'Miscellanea of East Guangdong').

## 1963

## 1986

## 2002

The following are those chosen through public appraisal in 2001 and brought out in 2002.

## 2011

The following are those chosen through public appraisal and brought out in 2011.

### Names in native languages

1. 寻找历代羊城八景 (PDF). *Guangzhou Daily* (in Chinese). 2007-08-25. p. B5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-26. Retrieved 2011-06-26.
2. 羊城八景穿越历史风云 (PDF). *Guangzhou Daily* (in Chinese). 2007-08-25. p. B6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-26. Retrieved 2011-06-26.

## InfoBox

| Eight Sights of Guangzhou | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Chinese | 羊城八景 |
| Literal meaning | Ram City's Eight Views |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Yangcheng Bajing  Yue: Cantonese  Jyutping joeng4 sing4 baat3 ging2 | |
|  | |


title: 1942 La Flèche Wallonne

abstract: The 1942 La Flèche Wallonne was the sixth edition of La Flèche Wallonne cycle race and was held on 19 July 1942. The race started in Mons and finished in Marcinelle. The race was won by Karel Thijs.

text:
# 1942 La Flèche Wallonne

The **1942 La Flèche Wallonne** was the sixth edition of La Flèche Wallonne cycle race and was held on 19 July 1942. The race started in Mons and finished in Marcinelle. The race was won by Karel Thijs.

## General classification

| **Final general classification**  Rank Rider Time  1  Karel Thijs (BEL) 8h 43' 00"  2  Frans Bonduel (BEL) \+ 0"  3  Jacques Geus (BEL) \+ 0"  4  René Adriaenssens (BEL) \+ 0"  5  Albert Ritserveldt (BEL) \+ 0"  6  François Neuville (BEL) \+ 2' 00"  7  August Janssens (BEL) \+ 2' 15"  8  Joseph Moerenhout (BEL) \+ 2' 15"  9  Edward Van Dijck (BEL) \+ 3' 00"  10  Camille Muls (BEL) \+ 4' 00" |
| --- |

## InfoBox

1942 La Flèche Wallonne
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 19 July 1942 |
| Stages | 1 |
| Distance | 208 km (129.2 mi) |
| Winning time | 5h 50' 00" |
| Results | |
| Winner  Karel Thijs (BEL)  Second  Frans Bonduel (BEL)  Third  Jacques Geus (BEL) | |
|


title: Alquízar

abstract: Alquízar is a town and municipality in the Artemisa Province of Cuba.

text:
# Alquízar

**Alquízar** (Spanish pronunciation: \[alˈkisaɾ\]) is a town and municipality in the Artemisa Province of Cuba.

## History

The settlement was first mentioned in 1616, as a coffee plantation owned by *Don Sancho de Alquízar*, who gives the name of the community. In 1826, a garrison was established here, and it was incorporated in 1879.

## Geography

The town is located in the south-east corner of the province, south-west of San Antonio de los Baños and west of Güira de Melena.

The municipality was formerly divided into the barrios of Guanímar, La Paz, Pueblo (capital), San Andrés and Tumbadero.

The municipality is divided into consejos populares (i.e. "popular councils"): Mayorquín Sur (main town is El Mayorquín), Norte, Dagame, and Pulido - Guanímar.

## Demographics

In 2022, the municipality of Alquízar had a population of 33,510. With a total area of 193 km2 (75 sq mi), it has a population density of 170/km2 (440/sq mi).

Media related to Alquízar at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Alquízar | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Alquizar (1907-1931) | |
|  | |
| Alquízar municipality (red) within
Artemisa Province (yellow) and Cuba | |
| Coordinates: 22°48′24″N 82°34′58″W / 22.80667°N 82.58278°W / 22.80667; -82.58278 | |
| Country | Cuba |
| Province | Artemisa |
| Founded | 1879 |
| Established | January 1, 1879 |
| Area | |
| Total | 193 km2 (75 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 25 m (82 ft) |
| Population (2022) | |
| Total | 33,510 |
| Density | 170/km2 (450/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (EST) |
| Area code | +53-7 |
| Climate | Aw |


title: 1938 Eastern Suburbs season

abstract: Eastern Suburbs competed in their 31st New South Wales Rugby League season in 1938. Line-up: for the 1938 season included - Jack Arnold, D.Bartlett, F.Bell, Aidan Cairns, Steve Callaghan, John Clarke, Percy Dermond, Dick Dunn, Noel Hollingdale, A.Horsell, J.McCarthy, Ross McKinnon, Andy Norval, Sid 'Joe' Pearce, Henry 'harry' Pierce. Ray Stehr.

text:
# 1938 Eastern Suburbs season

**Eastern Suburbs** (now known as the Sydney Roosters) competed in their 31st New South Wales Rugby League season in 1938.

**Line-up:** for the 1938 season included - Jack Arnold, D.Bartlett, F.Bell, Aidan Cairns, Steve Callaghan, John Clarke, Percy Dermond, Dick Dunn, Noel Hollingdale, A.Horsell, J.McCarthy, Ross McKinnon, Andy Norval, Sid 'Joe' Pearce, Henry 'harry' Pierce. Ray Stehr.

## Ladder

|  | Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Canterbury-Bankstown | 14 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 276 | 135 | +141 | **26** |
| 2 | South Sydney | 14 | 9 | 1 | 4 | 254 | 245 | +109 | **19** |
| 3 | Balmain | 14 | 7 | 1 | 6 | 238 | 176 | +62 | **15** |
| 4 | **Eastern Suburbs** | 14 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 228 | 203 | +25 | **15** |
| 5 | North Sydney | 14 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 163 | 220 | -57 | **12** |
| 6 | Newtown | 14 | 5 | 1 | 8 | 174 | 228 | -54 | **11** |
| 7 | Western Suburbs | 14 | 4 | 1 | 9 | 155 | 265 | -110 | **9** |
| 8 | St. George | 14 | 3 | 1 | 10 | 159 | 275 | -116 | **7** |
|

## Results

* Premiership Round 2, Monday 25 April 1938 -

South Sydney **21** (Felsch, Thompson, Brown Tries; Williams 5, Felsch Goals) defeated Eastern Suburbs **14** played at the Sydney Cricket Ground.

> **This was Easts 1st defeat since 22 June 1935**

## InfoBox

| 1938 Eastern Suburbs season | |
| --- | --- |
| 1937  1939 | |


title: 1929–30 Toronto Maple Leafs season

abstract: The 1929–30 Toronto Maple Leafs season was Toronto's 13th season of play in the National Hockey League (NHL).

text:
# 1929–30 Toronto Maple Leafs season

The **1929–30 Toronto Maple Leafs season** was Toronto's 13th season of play in the National Hockey League (NHL).

## Offseason

## Regular season

### Final standings

Canadian Division
|  | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA | PTS |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Montreal Maroons** | 44 | 23 | 16 | 5 | 141 | 114 | **51** |
| **Montreal Canadiens** | 44 | 21 | 14 | 9 | 142 | 114 | **51** |
| **Ottawa Senators** | 44 | 21 | 15 | 8 | 138 | 118 | **50** |
| Toronto Maple Leafs | 44 | 17 | 21 | 6 | 116 | 124 | **40** |
| New York Americans | 44 | 14 | 25 | 5 | 113 | 161 | **33** |

Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals Against, Pts = Points
Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold.

### Record vs. opponents

## Schedule and results

| No. | R | Date | Score | Opponent | Record |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | T | November 14, 1929 | 2–2 OT | Chicago Black Hawks (1929–30) | 0–0–1 |
| 2 | L | November 16, 1929 | 5–6 | Boston Bruins (1929–30) | 0–1–1 |
| 3 | L | November 19, 1929 | 5–10 | @ Pittsburgh Pirates (1929–30) | 0–2–1 |
| 4 | L | November 21, 1929 | 2–3 OT | @ Montreal Canadiens (1929–30) | 0–3–1 |
| 5 | L | November 23, 1929 | 2–6 | Ottawa Senators (1929–30) | 0–4–1 |
| 6 | W | November 26, 1929 | 4–3 | @ New York Rangers (1929–30) | 1–4–1 |
| 7 | W | November 30, 1929 | 1–0 | Detroit Cougars (1929–30) | 2–4–1 |
| 8 | W | December 3, 1929 | 6–0 | New York Americans (1929–30) | 3–4–1 |
| 9 | L | December 5, 1929 | 2–9 | @ Ottawa Senators (1929–30) | 3–5–1 |
| 10 | L | December 7, 1929 | 0–1 | Montreal Canadiens (1929–30) | 3–6–1 |
| 11 | L | December 10, 1929 | 0–1 | @ New York Americans (1929–30) | 3–7–1 |
| 12 | W | December 14, 1929 | 7–6 OT | New York Rangers (1929–30) | 4–7–1 |
| 13 | L | December 15, 1929 | 3–5 | @ Detroit Cougars (1929–30) | 4–8–1 |
| 14 | L | December 17, 1929 | 1–3 | @ Montreal Maroons (1929–30) | 4–9–1 |
| 15 | W | December 21, 1929 | 2–1 OT | Pittsburgh Pirates (1929–30) | 5–9–1 |
| 16 | L | December 25, 1929 | 2–6 | @ Boston Bruins (1929–30) | 5–10–1 |
| 17 | W | December 29, 1929 | 4–3 | @ Chicago Black Hawks (1929–30) | 6–10–1 |
| 18 | W | January 1, 1930 | 5–3 | Montreal Maroons (1929–30) | 7–10–1 |
| 19 | W | January 4, 1930 | 4–3 | Montreal Canadiens (1929–30) | 8–10–1 |
| 20 | T | January 7, 1930 | 1–1 OT | @ New York Americans (1929–30) | 8–10–2 |
| 21 | W | January 9, 1930 | 4–0 | Ottawa Senators (1929–30) | 9–10–2 |
| 22 | T | January 14, 1930 | 1–1 OT | @ Montreal Maroons (1929–30) | 9–10–3 |
| 23 | L | January 16, 1930 | 1–2 | @ Ottawa Senators (1929–30) | 9–11–3 |
| 24 | W | January 18, 1930 | 4–1 | New York Americans (1929–30) | 10–11–3 |
| 25 | L | January 25, 1930 | 1–2 | Detroit Cougars (1929–30) | 10–12–3 |
| 26 | L | January 30, 1930 | 0–3 | Montreal Maroons (1929–30) | 10–13–3 |
| 27 | W | February 1, 1930 | 6–0 | Chicago Black Hawks (1929–30) | 11–13–3 |
| 28 | L | February 4, 1930 | 1–3 | @ Montreal Canadiens (1929–30) | 11–14–3 |
| 29 | T | February 6, 1930 | 3–3 OT | Montreal Canadiens (1929–30) | 11–14–4 |
| 30 | W | February 9, 1930 | 3–2 | @ New York Americans (1929–30) | 12–14–4 |
| 31 | L | February 11, 1930 | 5–6 OT | @ Boston Bruins (1929–30) | 12–15–4 |
| 32 | L | February 15, 1930 | 3–5 | Boston Bruins (1929–30) | 12–16–4 |
| 33 | W | February 18, 1930 | 5–1 | @ New York Rangers (1929–30) | 13–16–4 |
| 34 | W | February 20, 1930 | 4–0 | @ Pittsburgh Pirates (1929–30) | 14–16–4 |
| 35 | L | February 22, 1930 | 0–1 | Ottawa Senators (1929–30) | 14–17–4 |
| 36 | L | February 25, 1930 | 0–2 OT | @ Ottawa Senators (1929–30) | 14–18–4 |
| 37 | L | February 27, 1930 | 2–6 | @ Montreal Canadiens (1929–30) | 14–19–4 |
| 38 | T | March 1, 1930 | 3–3 OT | New York Rangers (1929–30) | 14–19–5 |
| 39 | T | March 4, 1930 | 1–1 OT | New York Americans (1929–30) | 14–19–6 |
| 40 | L | March 8, 1930 | 2–3 | Montreal Maroons (1929–30) | 14–20–6 |
| 41 | W | March 9, 1930 | 2–1 | @ Detroit Cougars (1929–30) | 15–20–6 |
| 42 | W | March 11, 1930 | 3–2 | Pittsburgh Pirates (1929–30) | 16–20–6 |
| 43 | W | March 15, 1930 | 3–0 | @ Montreal Maroons (1929–30) | 17–20–6 |
| 44 | L | March 18, 1930 | 1–4 | @ Chicago Black Hawks (1929–30) | 17–21–6 |

## Playoffs

The Maple Leafs didn't qualify for the playoffs.

## Player statistics

### Regular season

Scoring

| Player | Pos | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ace Bailey | RW | 43 | 22 | 21 | 43 | 69 |
| Baldy Cotton | LW | 41 | 21 | 17 | 38 | 47 |
| Charlie Conacher | RW | 38 | 20 | 9 | 29 | 48 |
| Joe Primeau | C | 43 | 5 | 21 | 26 | 22 |
| Andy Blair | C | 42 | 11 | 10 | 21 | 27 |
| Hap Day | D | 43 | 7 | 14 | 21 | 77 |
| Busher Jackson | LW | 31 | 12 | 6 | 18 | 29 |
| Eric Pettinger | LW/C | 43 | 4 | 9 | 13 | 40 |
| Art Duncan | D | 38 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 49 |
| Red Horner | D | 33 | 2 | 7 | 9 | 96 |
| Art Smith | D | 43 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 75 |
| Danny Cox | LW | 18 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 18 |
| Gord Brydson | C/RW | 8 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 8 |
| Frank Nighbor | C | 22 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Lorne Chabot | G | 42 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Benny Grant | G | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cliff McBride | RW/D | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

Goaltending

| Player | MIN | GP | W | L | T | GA | GAA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Lorne Chabot | 2620 | 42 | 16 | 20 | 6 | 113 | 2.59 | 6 |
| Benny Grant | 130 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 5.08 | 0 |
| **Team:** | 2750 | 44 | 17 | 21 | 6 | 124 | 2.71 | 6 |

Note: **Pos** = Position; **GPI** = Games played in; **G** = Goals; **A** = Assists; **Pts** = Points; **PIM** = Penalty minutes; **+/-** = Plus/minus; **PPG** = Power-play goals; **SHG** = Short-handed goals; **GWG** = Game-winning goals
**Min, TOI** = Minutes played; **W** = Wins; **L** = Losses; **T,T/OT** = Ties; **OTL** = Overtime losses; **GA** = Goals-against; **GAA** = Goals-against average; **SO** = Shutouts; **SA** = Shots against; **SV** = Shots saved; **SV%** = Save percentage;

## Awards and records

## Transactions

## InfoBox

| 1929–30 Toronto Maple Leafs | |
| --- | --- |
| Division | 4th Canadian |
| 1929–30 record | 17–21–6 |
| Goals for | 116 |
| Goals against | 124 |
| Team information | |
| General manager | Conn Smythe |
| Coach | Conn Smythe |
| Captain | Hap Day |
| Arena | Arena Gardens |
| Team leaders | |
| Goals | Ace Bailey (22) |
| Assists | Ace Bailey (21)<br>Joe Primeau (21) |
| Points | Ace Bailey (43) |
| Penalty minutes | Red Horner (96) |
|


title: Edmond de Pressensé

abstract: Edmond Dehault de Pressensé was a French Protestant religious leader.

text:
# Edmond de Pressensé

**Edmond Dehault de Pressensé** (7 January 1824  8 April 1891) was a French Protestant religious leader.

## Biography

He was born at Paris, and studied at Lausanne under Alexandre Vinet. He went on to the University of Halle as a pupil of Friedrich August Tholuck and to Humboldt University in Berlin, where he studied under August Neander. In 1847 he became a pastor in the Evangelical Church at the chapel of Taitbout in Paris.

He was a powerful preacher and political orator; from 1871 he was a member of the National Assembly, and from 1883 a life senator. In 1890 he was elected a member of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques. Pressensé laboured for the revival of biblical studies. He contended that the Evangelical Church ought to be independent of the power of the state.

His son Francis de Pressensé was a French politician and man of letters.

## Published works

In 1854 he founded the *Revue chrétienne*, and in 1866 the *Bulletin idéologique*. His works include:

* *L'Immaculée conception: histoire d'un dogme Catholique-Roman* (1855)
* *Histoire des trois premiers siècles de l'Église chrétienne* (6 volumes. 1856–1877; new edition 1887–1889)
* *L'Église et la Révolution française* (1864)
* *Jésus-Christ, son temps, sa vie, son œuvre* (against Ernest Renan, 1866)
* *Les Origines, le problème de la connaissance; le problème cosmologique* (1883)

Several of his works have been translated into English:

* *The Immaculate Conception* (1857) translated by Adolf Zytogorski
* *Jesus Christ: his times, life, and work* (1866) translated by Annie Harwood Holmden
* *The early years of Christianity: a comprehensive history of the first three centuries of the Christian church* (4 volumes, 1879) translated by Annie Harwood Holmden
* *A Study of origins: or, the problems of knowledge, of being, and of duty* (1883) translated by Annie Harwood Holmden
* *The ancient world and Christianity* (1888) translated by Annie Harwood Holmden

* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Pressensé, Edmond Dehault de". *Encyclopædia Britannica*. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 299.
* HathiTrust Digital Library (published works)


title: Anastazia Wambura

abstract: Anastazia Wambura is a Tanzanian politician belonging to the ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party. She is the current Deputy Minister of Information, Culture, Artists and Sports. She is a three-term Member of Parliament having been appointed to a special seat reserved for women.

text:
# Anastazia Wambura

**Anastazia Wambura** (born 15 January 1965) is a Tanzanian politician belonging to the ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party. She is the current Deputy Minister of Information, Culture, Artists and Sports. She is a three-term Member of Parliament having been appointed to a special seat reserved for women.

## Background and education

Wambura was born on January 15, 1965. She completed her schooling from the Rugambwa Secondary School in 1986. In 1991, she received her bachelor's degree in home economics and human nutrition from the Sokoine University of Agriculture. She worked for the Catholic church for a number of years after as a teacher and a project coordinator. She then went back to Sokoine University of Agriculture for her master's degree in management of natural resources, which she completed in 2004.

## Political career

Wambura became involved with CCM in 2005 and has served in a number of party roles including as a member of the national general meeting. She was appointed to a seat in the Tanzanian Parliament in 2005 to a seat reserved for women. She has been reappointed a further two times in 2010 and 2015. In Parliament, she served as a member of Natural Resources and Environment committee between 2006 and 2010, Foreign Affairs, Defence and Security Committee between 2011 and 2013, and Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation Committee

Wambura was appointed Deputy Minister in the Ministry for Information, Culture, Arts and Sports in the newly elected President John Magufuli's government after the 2015 elections. She serves under cabinet Minister Nape Nnauye.

## InfoBox

| HonourableAnastazia WamburaMP | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Deputy Minister of Information, Culture, Artists and Sports | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
December 2015 | |
| President | John Magufuli |
| Minister | Nape Nnauye |
| Member of Parliament | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
2005 | |
| Constituency | Special Seats |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1965-01-15) 15 January 1965 |
| Nationality | Tanzanian |
| Political party | CCM |
|  | |


abstract: The 1932–33 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team represented the University of Illinois.

text:
# 1932–33 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team

1932–33 Big Ten Conference men's basketball standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | PCT |  |  | W |  | L |  | PCT |
| Ohio State | 10 |  | 2 |  | .833 |  |  | 17 |  | 3 |  | .850 |
| Northwestern | 10 |  | 2 |  | .833 |  |  | 15 |  | 4 |  | .789 |
| Iowa | 8 |  | 4 |  | .667 |  |  | 15 |  | 5 |  | .750 |
| Michigan | 8 |  | 4 |  | .667 |  |  | 10 |  | 8 |  | .556 |
| Illinois | 6 |  | 6 |  | .500 |  |  | 11 |  | 7 |  | .611 |
| Purdue | 6 |  | 6 |  | .500 |  |  | 11 |  | 7 |  | .611 |
| Indiana | 6 |  | 6 |  | .500 |  |  | 10 |  | 8 |  | .556 |
| Wisconsin | 4 |  | 8 |  | .333 |  |  | 7 |  | 13 |  | .350 |
| Minnesota | 1 |  | 11 |  | .083 |  |  | 5 |  | 15 |  | .250 |
| Chicago | 1 |  | 11 |  | .083 |  |  | 2 |  | 16 |  | .111 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1932–33 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team** represented the University of Illinois.

## Regular season

Craig Ruby entered the 1932–33 season tied with Ralph Jones as the winningest coach in the history at the University of Illinois with 85 wins. Ruby had 9 returning lettermen from a team that had finished in fifth place in the Big Ten the year before. The team went through a nearly perfect non-conference season, losing only 1 game, however, the Fighting Illini showed no improvement in conference play by finishing with a record of 6 wins and 6 losses. The team finished the season with an overall record of 11 wins 7 losses. The starting lineup included *captain* Boyd Owen and Albert Kamm at guard, Frank Froschauer and Coslon Bennett as forwards and Hudson Hellmich at center.

### Roster

| 1932–33 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| Pos. # Name Height Weight Year Hometown  4 Hudson Hellmich   Jr Webster Groves, Missouri  5 William "Boyd" Owen **(C)**   Sr South Bend, Indiana  6 Jack Beynon   So Rockford, Illinois  7 Coslon Bennett   Sr Marshall, Illinois  8 Frank Froschauer   So Harvey, Illinois  9 Karl Rohlen   So Chicago, Illinois  10 Sidney Port   Jr Chicago, Illinois  12 Carl E. Soderstrom   So Chicago, Illinois  14 Vernon Moore   Sr Martinsville, Illinois  15 Fred Fencl   Jr Cicero, Illinois  17 Paul Gibbs   Fr Los Angeles, California  18 Alfred J. Kamm   Jr Lakewood, Washington  19 Albert C. Kamm   Jr Lakewood, Washington  22 William Theobald   Sr Du Quoin, Illinois  24 Paul Carson   Jr Fairbury, Illinois  25 Raymond Herman Radant   So Wausau, Wisconsin  26 Elbert Gragg   So Denver, Colorado  27 Roy Guttschow   So Simi Valley, California  28 William Gates   So Rockford, Illinois | Head coach Assistant coach(es)* John Sabo (University of Illinois) (5th year)  ---  Legend* **(C)** Team captain * **(S)** Suspended * **(I)** Ineligible * **(W)** Walk-on  ---  Roster |

## Schedule

| Date
time, TV | Opponent | Result | Record | Site (attendance)
city, state |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Non-Conference regular season | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| 12/10/1932*
no, no | at Bradley | **W** 26–21 | 1-0
 | Hewitt Gymnasium (4,000)
Peoria, IL |
| 12/17/1932*
no, no | Wabash | **L** 24–34 | 1-1
 | Huff Hall (3,000)
Champaign, IL |
| 12/21/1932*
no, no | at Missouri
*Braggin' Rights* | **L** 17-22 | 2-1
 | Brewer Field House (2,000)
Columbia, MO |
| 12/30/1932*
no, no | North Dakota | **W** 26–24 | 3-1
 | Huff Hall (500)
Champaign, IL |
| 1/3/1933*
no, no | Detroit | **W** 39–28 | 4-1
 | Huff Hall (4,000)
Champaign, IL |
| Big Ten regular season | | | | | | | | |
| 1/7/1933
no, no | Northwestern
*Rivalry* | **W** 27–25 | 5-1
(1-0) | Huff Hall (4,000)
Champaign, IL |
| 1/9/1933
no, no | Michigan | **W** 22–17 | 6-1
(2-0) | Huff Hall (6,500)
Champaign, IL |
| 1/14/1933
no, no | at Michigan | **L** 30–35 | 6-2
(2-1) | Yost Field House (4,500)
Ann Arbor, MI |
| 1/16/1933
no, no | at Ohio State | **L** 22–33 | 6-3
(2-2) | Ohio Expo Center Coliseum (6,000)
Columbus, OH |
| 1/21/1933
no, no | at Northwestern
*Rivalry* | **L** 27–30 | 6-4
(2-3) | Patten Gymnasium (-)
Evanston, IL |
| 2/7/1933*
no, no | St. Louis | **W** 26–19 | 7-4
 | Huff Hall (2,000)
Champaign, IL |
| 2/11/1933
no, no | Wisconsin | **W** 38–25 | 8-4
(3-3) | Huff Hall (4,000)
Champaign, IL |
| 2/13/1933
no, no | Ohio State | **L** 29–31 | 8-5
(3-4) | Huff Hall (5,500)
Champaign, IL |
| 2/18/1933
no, no | at Minnesota | **W** 26–22 | 9-5
(4-4) | Williams Arena (-)
Minneapolis, MN |
| 2/20/1933
no, no | at Wisconsin | **W** 29–15 | 10-5
(5-4) | Wisconsin Field House (-)
Madison, WI |
| 2/25/1933
no, no | Minnesota | **L** 28–30 | 10-6
(5-5) | Huff Hall (-)
Champaign, IL |
| 2/27/1933
no, no | at Iowa
*Rivalry* | **L** 27–30 | 10-7
(5-6) | Iowa Field House (-)
Iowa City, IA |
| 3/4/1933
no, no | Iowa
*Rivalry* | **W** 44–16 | 11-7
(6-6) | Huff Hall (-)
Champaign, IL |
| *Non-conference game. #Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses.
All times are in Central Time. | | | | | | | | | | | |

Source

## Awards and honors

## InfoBox

| 1932–33 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conference | Big Ten Conference |
| Record | 11–7 (6-6 Big Ten) |
| Head coach |  |
| Assistant coach | John P. Sabo (5th season) |
| Captain | William *"Boyd"* Owen |
| Home arena | Huff Hall |
|