title: 1987 Pepsi Firecracker 400

abstract: The 1987 Pepsi Firecracker 400 was the 15th stock car race of the 1987 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season and the 29th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, July 4, 1987, before an audience of 85,000 in Daytona Beach, Florida at Daytona International Speedway, a 2.5 miles (4.0 km) permanent triangular-shaped superspeedway. The race took the scheduled 160 laps to complete. In what is considered to be one of the most confusing finishes in NASCAR history, Stavola Brothers Racing's Bobby Allison managed to pass 12 cars in the span of five laps heading into the final lap of the race. Mistakenly, Allison was scored a lap down by the time the final lap started both on the track and by commentators; as a result, drivers behind Allison at the time, which included owner-drivers Buddy Baker and Dave Marcis, let Allison increase his gap between them as most thought Allison was a lap down. By the time the error was realized, Allison had a four second lead over Baker, taking the victory while drivers behind them wrecked for what they thought was the presumed battle for the lead. The victory was Allison's 83rd career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his only victory of the season. To fill out the top three, the aforementioned Baker and Marcis finished second and third, respectively.

text:
# 1987 Pepsi Firecracker 400

The **1987 Pepsi Firecracker 400** was the 15th stock car race of the 1987 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season and the 29th iteration of the event. The race was held on Saturday, July 4, 1987, before an audience of 85,000 in Daytona Beach, Florida at Daytona International Speedway, a 2.5 miles (4.0 km) permanent triangular-shaped superspeedway. The race took the scheduled 160 laps to complete.

In what is considered to be one of the most confusing finishes in NASCAR history, Stavola Brothers Racing's Bobby Allison managed to pass 12 cars in the span of five laps heading into the final lap of the race. Mistakenly, Allison was scored a lap down by the time the final lap started both on the track and by commentators; as a result, drivers behind Allison at the time, which included owner-drivers Buddy Baker and Dave Marcis, let Allison increase his gap between them as most thought Allison was a lap down. By the time the error was realized, Allison had a four second lead over Baker, taking the victory while drivers behind them wrecked for what they thought was the presumed battle for the lead. The victory was Allison's 83rd career NASCAR Winston Cup Series victory and his only victory of the season. To fill out the top three, the aforementioned Baker and Marcis finished second and third, respectively.

## Background

Daytona International Speedway is one of three superspeedways to hold NASCAR races, the other two being Indianapolis Motor Speedway and Talladega Superspeedway. The standard track at Daytona International Speedway is a four-turn superspeedway that is 2.5 miles (4.0 km) long. The track's turns are banked at 31 degrees, while the front stretch, the location of the finish line, is banked at 18 degrees.

### Entry list

* **(R)** denotes rookie driver.

| # | Driver | Team | Make | Sponsor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 0 | Delma Cowart | H. L. Waters Racing | Chevrolet | Heyward Grooms Construction |
| 1 | Brett Bodine | Ellington Racing | Buick | Bull's-Eye Barbecue Sauce |
| 01 | Dave Pletcher Sr. | Weaver Racing | Ford | Ernie Haire Ford |
| 3 | Dale Earnhardt | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | Wrangler |
| 4 | Rick Wilson | Morgan–McClure Motorsports | Oldsmobile | Kodak |
| 5 | Geoff Bodine | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | Levi Garrett |
| 6 | Connie Saylor | U.S. Racing | Chevrolet | Kroger |
| 7 | Alan Kulwicki | AK Racing | Ford | Zerex |
| 8 | Bobby Hillin Jr. | Stavola Brothers Racing | Buick | Miller American |
| 9 | Bill Elliott | Melling Racing | Ford | Coors |
| 11 | Terry Labonte | Junior Johnson & Associates | Chevrolet | Budweiser |
| 12 | Larry Pollard | Hamby Racing | Chevrolet | Hamby Racing |
| 14 | A. J. Foyt | A. J. Foyt Racing | Oldsmobile | Copenhagen |
| 15 | Ricky Rudd | Bud Moore Engineering | Ford | Motorcraft Quality Parts |
| 17 | Darrell Waltrip | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | Tide |
| 18 | Dale Jarrett **(R)** | Freedlander Motorsports | Chevrolet | Freedlander Financial |
| 21 | Kyle Petty | Wood Brothers Racing | Ford | Citgo |
| 22 | Bobby Allison | Stavola Brothers Racing | Buick | Miller American |
| 25 | Tim Richmond | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | Folgers |
| 26 | Morgan Shepherd | King Racing | Buick | Quaker State |
| 27 | Rusty Wallace | Blue Max Racing | Pontiac | Kodiak |
| 28 | Davey Allison **(R)** | Ranier-Lundy Racing | Ford | Texaco, Havoline |
| 29 | Cale Yarborough | Cale Yarborough Motorsports | Oldsmobile | Hardee's |
| 30 | Michael Waltrip | Bahari Racing | Chevrolet | All Pro Auto Parts |
| 33 | Harry Gant | Mach 1 Racing | Chevrolet | Skoal Bandit |
| 35 | Benny Parsons | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | Folgers |
| 39 | Blackie Wangerin | Wangerin Racing | Ford | Wangerin Racing |
| 43 | Richard Petty | Petty Enterprises | Pontiac | STP |
| 44 | Sterling Marlin | Hagan Racing | Oldsmobile | Piedmont Airlines |
| 48 | Tony Spanos | Hylton Motorsports | Chevrolet | Hylton Motorsports |
| 50 | Greg Sacks | Dingman Brothers Racing | Pontiac | Valvoline |
| 52 | Jimmy Means | Jimmy Means Racing | Pontiac | Jimmy Means Racing |
| 55 | Phil Parsons | Jackson Bros. Motorsports | Oldsmobile | Copenhagen |
| 62 | Steve Christman **(R)** | Winkle Motorsports | Pontiac | AC Spark Plug |
| 64 | Rodney Combs | Langley Racing | Ford | Sunny King Ford |
| 67 | Buddy Arrington | Arrington Racing | Ford | Pannill Sweatshirts |
| 70 | J. D. McDuffie | McDuffie Racing | Pontiac | Rumple Furniture |
| 71 | Dave Marcis | Marcis Auto Racing | Chevrolet | Lifebuoy |
| 73 | Phil Barkdoll | Barkdoll Racing | Chevrolet | Helen Rae Special |
| 74 | Bobby Wawak | Wawak Racing | Chevrolet | Wawak Racing |
| 75 | Neil Bonnett | RahMoc Enterprises | Pontiac | Valvoline |
| 77 | Eddie Bierschwale | Ragan Racing | Ford | Ragan Racing |
| 81 | Chet Fillip | Fillip Racing | Ford | Warr Valves |
| 82 | Mark Stahl | Stahl Racing | Ford | Auto Bell Car Wash |
| 83 | Lake Speed | Speed Racing | Oldsmobile | Wynn's, Kmart |
| 88 | Buddy Baker | Baker–Schiff Racing | Oldsmobile | Crisco |
| 90 | Ken Schrader | Donlavey Racing | Ford | Red Baron Frozen Pizza |
| 98 | Ed Pimm | Curb Racing | Buick | Sunoco |
| 99 | Brad Teague | Ball Motorsports | Chevrolet | Slender You Figure Salons |

## Qualifying

Qualifying was split into two rounds. The first round was held on Thursday, July 2, at 10:00 AM EST. Each driver had one lap to set a time. During the first round, the top 20 drivers in the round were guaranteed a starting spot in the race. If a driver was not able to guarantee a spot in the first round, they had the option to scrub their time from the first round and try and run a faster lap time in a second round qualifying run, held on Friday, July 3, at 11:00 AM EST. As with the first round, each driver had one lap to set a time. For this specific race, positions 21-40 were decided on time, and depending on who needed it, a select amount of positions were given to cars who had not otherwise qualified but were high enough in owner's points; up to two provisionals were given.

Davey Allison, driving for Ranier-Lundy Racing, managed to win the pole, setting a time of 45.435 and an average speed of 198.085 miles per hour (318.787 km/h) in the first round.

Four drivers failed to qualify.

### Full qualifying results

| Pos. | # | Driver | Team | Make | Time | Speed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 28 | Davey Allison **(R)** | Ranier-Lundy Racing | Ford | **45.435** | **198.085** |
| 2 | 9 | Bill Elliott | Melling Racing | Ford | 45.443 | 198.050 |
| 3 | 90 | Ken Schrader | Donlavey Racing | Ford | 45.545 | 197.607 |
| 4 | 26 | Morgan Shepherd | King Racing | Buick | 45.661 | 197.105 |
| 5 | 11 | Terry Labonte | Junior Johnson & Associates | Chevrolet | 45.762 | 196.670 |
| 6 | 27 | Rusty Wallace | Blue Max Racing | Pontiac | 45.849 | 196.297 |
| 7 | 1 | Brett Bodine | Ellington Racing | Buick | 45.932 | 195.942 |
| 8 | 14 | A. J. Foyt | A. J. Foyt Racing | Oldsmobile | 45.973 | 195.767 |
| 9 | 88 | Buddy Baker | Baker–Schiff Racing | Oldsmobile | 45.973 | 195.767 |
| 10 | 75 | Neil Bonnett | RahMoc Enterprises | Pontiac | 46.013 | 195.597 |
| 11 | 22 | Bobby Allison | Stavola Brothers Racing | Buick | 46.025 | 195.546 |
| 12 | 21 | Kyle Petty | Wood Brothers Racing | Ford | 46.035 | 195.503 |
| 13 | 3 | Dale Earnhardt | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 46.070 | 195.355 |
| 14 | 8 | Bobby Hillin Jr. | Stavola Brothers Racing | Buick | 46.093 | 195.257 |
| 15 | 7 | Alan Kulwicki | AK Racing | Ford | 46.094 | 195.253 |
| 16 | 33 | Harry Gant | Mach 1 Racing | Chevrolet | 46.144 | 195.042 |
| 17 | 15 | Ricky Rudd | Bud Moore Engineering | Ford | 46.181 | 194.885 |
| 18 | 44 | Sterling Marlin | Hagan Racing | Oldsmobile | 46.210 | 194.763 |
| 19 | 5 | Geoff Bodine | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 46.294 | 194.410 |
| 20 | 30 | Michael Waltrip | Bahari Racing | Chevrolet | 46.309 | 194.347 |
| Failed to lock in Round 1 | | | | | | |
| 21 | 43 | Richard Petty | Petty Enterprises | Pontiac | 46.407 | 193.936 |
| 22 | 83 | Lake Speed | Speed Racing | Oldsmobile | 46.434 | 193.823 |
| 23 | 25 | Tim Richmond | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 46.462 | 193.707 |
| 24 | 99 | Brad Teague | Ball Motorsports | Chevrolet | 46.467 | 193.686 |
| 25 | 67 | Buddy Arrington | Arrington Racing | Ford | 46.504 | 193.532 |
| 26 | 17 | Darrell Waltrip | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 46.537 | 193.395 |
| 27 | 29 | Cale Yarborough | Cale Yarborough Motorsports | Oldsmobile | 46.537 | 193.395 |
| 28 | 71 | Dave Marcis | Marcis Auto Racing | Chevrolet | 46.570 | 193.257 |
| 29 | 4 | Rick Wilson | Morgan–McClure Motorsports | Oldsmobile | 46.604 | 193.116 |
| 30 | 77 | Eddie Bierschwale | Ragan Racing | Ford | 46.613 | 193.079 |
| 31 | 82 | Mark Stahl | Stahl Racing | Ford | 46.658 | 192.893 |
| 32 | 12 | Larry Pollard | Hamby Racing | Chevrolet | 46.678 | 192.810 |
| 33 | 35 | Benny Parsons | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 46.682 | 192.794 |
| 34 | 98 | Ed Pimm | Curb Racing | Buick | 46.712 | 192.670 |
| 35 | 64 | Rodney Combs | Langley Racing | Ford | 46.728 | 192.604 |
| 36 | 01 | Dave Pletcher Sr. | Weaver Racing | Ford | 46.777 | 192.402 |
| 37 | 50 | Greg Sacks | Dingman Brothers Racing | Pontiac | 46.873 | 192.008 |
| 38 | 81 | Chet Fillip | Fillip Racing | Ford | 46.947 | 191.706 |
| 39 | 52 | Jimmy Means | Jimmy Means Racing | Chevrolet | 46.959 | 191.657 |
| 40 | 55 | Phil Parsons | Jackson Bros. Motorsports | Oldsmobile | 47.024 | 191.392 |
| Provisional | | | | | | |
| 41 | 18 | Dale Jarrett **(R)** | Freedlander Motorsports | Chevrolet | 47.472 | 189.585 |
| Failed to qualify | | | | | | |
| 42 | 74 | Bobby Wawak | Wawak Racing | Chevrolet | 47.049 | 191.290 |
| 43 | 70 | J. D. McDuffie | McDuffie Racing | Pontiac | 47.576 | 189.171 |
| 44 | 48 | Tony Spanos | Hylton Motorsports | Chevrolet | 47.967 | 187.629 |
| 45 | 62 | Steve Christman **(R)** | Winkle Motorsports | Pontiac | 48.182 | 186.792 |
| 46 | 0 | Delma Cowart | H. L. Waters Racing | Chevrolet | 48.290 | 186.374 |
| 47 | 73 | Phil Barkdoll | Barkdoll Racing | Chevrolet | 48.301 | 186.332 |
| 48 | 39 | Blackie Wangerin | Wangerin Racing | Ford | 48.909 | 184.015 |
| 49 | 6 | Connie Saylor | U.S. Racing | Chevrolet | - | - |
| Official first round qualifying results | | | | | | |
| Official starting lineup | | | | | | |

## Race results

| Fin | St | # | Driver | Team | Make | Laps | Led | Status | Pts | Winnings |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 11 | 22 | Bobby Allison | Stavola Brothers Racing | Buick | 160 | 2 | running | 180 | $57,375 |
| 2 | 9 | 88 | Buddy Baker | Baker–Schiff Racing | Oldsmobile | 160 | 1 | running | 175 | $30,800 |
| 3 | 28 | 71 | Dave Marcis | Marcis Auto Racing | Chevrolet | 160 | 23 | running | 170 | $27,805 |
| 4 | 26 | 17 | Darrell Waltrip | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 160 | 6 | running | 165 | $17,470 |
| 5 | 4 | 26 | Morgan Shepherd | King Racing | Buick | 160 | 0 | running | 155 | $17,130 |
| 6 | 13 | 3 | Dale Earnhardt | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 160 | 22 | running | 155 | $22,160 |
| 7 | 3 | 90 | Ken Schrader | Donlavey Racing | Ford | 160 | 32 | running | 156 | $15,850 |
| 8 | 6 | 27 | Rusty Wallace | Blue Max Racing | Pontiac | 160 | 5 | running | 147 | $15,760 |
| 9 | 16 | 33 | Harry Gant | Mach 1 Racing | Chevrolet | 160 | 0 | running | 138 | $10,315 |
| 10 | 5 | 11 | Terry Labonte | Junior Johnson & Associates | Chevrolet | 160 | 3 | running | 139 | $16,135 |
| 11 | 7 | 1 | Brett Bodine | Ellington Racing | Buick | 160 | 1 | running | 135 | $6,025 |
| 12 | 2 | 9 | Bill Elliott | Melling Racing | Ford | 160 | 30 | running | 132 | $16,990 |
| 13 | 14 | 8 | Bobby Hillin Jr. | Stavola Brothers Racing | Buick | 159 | 0 | running | 124 | $11,670 |
| 14 | 17 | 15 | Ricky Rudd | Bud Moore Engineering | Ford | 159 | 0 | running | 121 | $12,855 |
| 15 | 40 | 55 | Phil Parsons | Jackson Bros. Motorsports | Oldsmobile | 159 | 0 | running | 118 | $4,490 |
| 16 | 18 | 44 | Sterling Marlin | Hagan Racing | Oldsmobile | 159 | 0 | running | 115 | $7,870 |
| 17 | 12 | 21 | Kyle Petty | Wood Brothers Racing | Ford | 158 | 0 | running | 112 | $10,830 |
| 18 | 10 | 75 | Neil Bonnett | RahMoc Enterprises | Pontiac | 158 | 0 | running | 109 | $7,305 |
| 19 | 20 | 30 | Michael Waltrip | Bahari Racing | Chevrolet | 158 | 0 | running | 106 | $6,845 |
| 20 | 1 | 28 | Davey Allison **(R)** | Ranier-Lundy Racing | Ford | 157 | 32 | running | 113 | $10,480 |
| 21 | 38 | 81 | Chet Fillip | Fillip Racing | Ford | 157 | 0 | running | 100 | $3,130 |
| 22 | 23 | 25 | Tim Richmond | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 157 | 3 | running | 102 | $3,330 |
| 23 | 41 | 18 | Dale Jarrett **(R)** | Freedlander Motorsports | Chevrolet | 156 | 0 | running | 94 | $6,110 |
| 24 | 27 | 29 | Cale Yarborough | Cale Yarborough Motorsports | Oldsmobile | 155 | 0 | engine | 91 | $2,805 |
| 25 | 37 | 50 | Greg Sacks | Dingman Brothers Racing | Pontiac | 155 | 0 | running | 88 | $2,805 |
| 26 | 21 | 43 | Richard Petty | Petty Enterprises | Pontiac | 155 | 0 | running | 85 | $5,650 |
| 27 | 32 | 12 | Larry Pollard | Hamby Racing | Chevrolet | 155 | 0 | running | 0 | $5,280 |
| 28 | 25 | 67 | Buddy Arrington | Arrington Racing | Ford | 154 | 0 | running | 79 | $5,870 |
| 29 | 39 | 52 | Jimmy Means | Jimmy Means Racing | Chevrolet | 154 | 0 | running | 76 | $5,060 |
| 30 | 29 | 4 | Rick Wilson | Morgan–McClure Motorsports | Oldsmobile | 152 | 0 | crash | 73 | $3,955 |
| 31 | 35 | 64 | Rodney Combs | Langley Racing | Ford | 126 | 0 | engine | 70 | $4,890 |
| 32 | 15 | 7 | Alan Kulwicki | AK Racing | Ford | 120 | 0 | engine | 67 | $5,130 |
| 33 | 30 | 77 | Eddie Bierschwale | Ragan Racing | Ford | 117 | 0 | running | 64 | $2,105 |
| 34 | 34 | 98 | Ed Pimm | Curb Racing | Buick | 110 | 0 | engine | 61 | $2,080 |
| 35 | 33 | 35 | Benny Parsons | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 109 | 0 | fatigue | 58 | $11,255 |
| 36 | 36 | 01 | Dave Pletcher Sr. | Weaver Racing | Ford | 65 | 0 | engine | 55 | $2,030 |
| 37 | 31 | 82 | Mark Stahl | Stahl Racing | Ford | 59 | 0 | wheel bearing | 52 | $2,005 |
| 38 | 8 | 14 | A. J. Foyt | A. J. Foyt Racing | Oldsmobile | 28 | 0 | transmission | 49 | $1,980 |
| 39 | 19 | 5 | Geoff Bodine | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 17 | 0 | overheating | 46 | $8,955 |
| 40 | 22 | 83 | Lake Speed | Speed Racing | Oldsmobile | 10 | 0 | fuel pump | 43 | $1,930 |
| 41 | 24 | 99 | Brad Teague | Ball Motorsports | Chevrolet | 5 | 0 | crash | 40 | $1,930 |
| Failed to qualify | | | | | | | | | | |
| 42 |  | 74 | Bobby Wawak | Wawak Racing | Chevrolet |  | | | | |
| 43 | | | 70 | J. D. McDuffie | McDuffie Racing | Pontiac |
| 44 | | | 48 | Tony Spanos | Hylton Motorsports | Chevrolet |
| 45 | | | 62 | Steve Christman **(R)** | Winkle Motorsports | Pontiac |
| 46 | | | 0 | Delma Cowart | H. L. Waters Racing | Chevrolet |
| 47 | | | 73 | Phil Barkdoll | Barkdoll Racing | Chevrolet |
| 48 | | | 39 | Blackie Wangerin | Wangerin Racing | Ford |
| 49 | | | 6 | Connie Saylor | U.S. Racing | Chevrolet |
| Official race results | | | | | | | | | | |

## Standings after the race

## InfoBox

1987 Pepsi Firecracker 400
| Race details | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Race 15 of 29 in the 1987 NASCAR Winston Cup Series | | | |
| The 1987 Pepsi Firecracker 400 program cover. | | | |
| Date | July 4, 1987 | | |
| Official name | 29th Annual Pepsi Firecracker 400 | | |
| Location | Daytona Beach, Florida, Daytona International Speedway | | |
| Course | Permanent racing facility
2.5 mi (4.0 km) | | |
| Distance | 160 laps, 400 mi (643.737 km) | | |
| Scheduled Distance | 160 laps, 400 mi (643.737 km) | | |
| Average speed | 161.074 miles per hour (259.223 km/h) | | |
| Attendance | 85,000 | | |
| Pole position | | | |
| Driver |  | Ranier-Lundy Racing |
| Time | 45.435 | | |
| Most laps led | | | |
| Driver | Ken Schrader
Davey Allison | Donlavey Racing
Ranier-Lundy Racing |
| Laps | 32 | | |
| Winner | | | |
| No. 22 | Bobby Allison | Stavola Brothers Racing |
| Television in the United States | | | |
| Network | ABC | | |
| Announcers | Keith Jackson, Donnie Allison | | |
| Radio in the United States | | | |
| Radio | Motor Racing Network | | |


title: France Pibernik

abstract: France Pibernik was a Slovene poet, author, essayist, and literary historian.

text:
# France Pibernik

**France Pibernik** (September 2, 1928 – April 21, 2021) was a Slovene poet, author, essayist, and literary historian.

## Life

Pibernik was born in Suhadole. He attended high school in Kranj and then enrolled in Slavic studies in Ljubljana, where he graduated in 1955. Until 1958 he taught at a middle school at Dobrovo in the Gorizia Hills, and after that at the high school in Kranj until his retirement in 1990. In the foreword to his book *Janez Jalen*, it is written about Pibernik that "as for many knowledgeable and intellectually diverse people, it is also true of him that, in the years when their work lives are no longer at the forefront, they are even more active and productive."

## Literary activity

Initially, Pibernik's poetry was close to Neo-Romantic currents, and it later developed in the direction of Modernism. His first poetry collection, *Bregovi ulice* (1960), was followed by more volumes, among which his poetry collection *Ajdova znamenja* is the most notable. The most important part of Pibernik's works on literature are the volumes *Med tradicijo in modernizmom* (Between Tradition and Modernism), *Med modernizmom in avantgardo* (Between Modernism and the Avant-Garde), and *Čas romana* (The Era of the Novel). The first two present the author's correspondence with poets, and *Čas romana* with the prose writers. As a literary historian, Pibernik focused on work written during the Second World War and by Slovenes in exile, which was suppressed in Slovenia for political and ideological reasons. These include volumes on the poetry of France Balantič and Ivan Hribovšek, the anthology *Jutro pozabljenih* (Dawn of the Forgotten, 1991), the volume *Temni zaliv Franceta Balantiča* (The Dark Bay of France Balantič), his study *Slovenski dunajski krog 1941–1945* (The Slovenian Vienna Circle, 1941–1945), and his biography of Karel Mauser.

## Poetry collections

* *Bregovi ulice*, 1960 (COBISS 25721857)
* *Ravnina*, 1968 (COBISS 2767368)
* *Razlage*, 1973
* *September*, 1974 (COBISS 1917704)
* *Odzvok – pesmi v prozi*, 1979 (COBISS 5131520)
* *Ajdova znamenja – izbor*, 1993 (COBISS 33625600)
* *Svetloba timijan*, 2000 (COBISS 108066816)

## Literary history

## Research on suppressed writers

In his last decade, Pibernik devoted himself mainly to researching the lives and works of writers that were politically banned and suppressed under the communist regime in Slovenia. He published many books on this topic, starting with an anthology:

## Recognitions and awards

## InfoBox

| France Pibernik | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1928-11-22)November 22, 1928
Suhadole, Kingdom of Yugoslavia |
| Died | April 21, 2021(2021-04-21) (aged 92)
Kranj, Slovenia |
| Nationality | Slovene |


title: 25th Fighter-Bomber Squadron

abstract: The 25th Fighter-Bomber Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was organized in February 1942 as the 25th Transport Squadron and served as a training unit for I Troop Carrier Command until disbanding in a general reorganization of Army Air Forces training units in 1944. The squadron was reconstituted in the reserves in 1949 and served until May 1951, when it was called to active duty for the Korean War. It was then inactivated, and its personnel were assigned to other units. When the reserves reactivated their operational units in 1952, it was activated as the 25th Fighter-Bomber Squadron. When the reserve fighter mission was concentrated in the Air National Guard in 1957, the squadron was inactivated and its assets transferred to elements of the 94th Troop Carrier Wing

text:
# 25th Fighter-Bomber Squadron

The **25th Fighter-Bomber Squadron** is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was organized in February 1942 as the **25th Transport Squadron** and served as a training unit for I Troop Carrier Command until disbanding in a general reorganization of Army Air Forces training units in 1944. The squadron was reconstituted in the reserves in 1949 and served until May 1951, when it was called to active duty for the Korean War. It was then inactivated, and its personnel were assigned to other units. When the reserves reactivated their operational units in 1952, it was activated as the **25th Fighter-Bomber Squadron**. When the reserve fighter mission was concentrated in the Air National Guard in 1957, the squadron was inactivated and its assets transferred to elements of the 94th Troop Carrier Wing

## History

### World War II

The squadron was first activated at Daniel Field, Georgia on 1 February 1942 as one of the five original squadrons of the 89th Transport Group. The squadron moved several times during the spring and summer of 1942. It was equipped with a variety of Douglas DC-3 airliners that had been impressed into military service and designated C-49 or C-50 and with Douglas C-53 Skytroopers.

The squadron's initial mission was transition training for qualified pilots who had not flown the Douglas transports. In July 1942, the squadron was redesignated the **25th Troop Carrier Squadron**, but its mission remained the same. The squadron finally moved its operations to Del Valle Airfield, Texas in December 1942. In 1943, it standardized its equipment with the Douglas C-47 Skytrain replacing its previous mixture of Douglas transports.

By February 1944 most combat units had been activated and almost three quarters of them had deployed overseas. With the exception of special programs, like forming Boeing B-29 Superfortress units, training “fillers” for existing units became more important. Reflecting this change, the squadron mission changed in March 1944, when it became a Replacement Training Unit (RTU). The RTU program used oversized units to train individual pilots and aircrews.

However, the Army Air Forces (AAF) was finding that standard military units like the 25th, whose manning was based on relatively inflexible tables of organization were not well adapted to the training mission, even more so to the replacement mission. Accordingly, the AAF adopted a more functional system in which each base was organized into a separate numbered unit. The 89th Group, along with its operational squadrons and support units at what was now Bergstrom Field were disbanded and their personnel and equipment were transferred to the new 807th AAF Base Unit (Combat Crew Training School, Troop Carrier).

### Reserve operations

The squadron was reconstituted in 1949 and activated in the reserves at Hanscom Airport on 27 July 1949 as Continental Air Command reorganized its operational units under the Wing Base Organization. The squadron was again assigned to the 89th Group, which under the new organization, formed part of the 89th Troop Carrier Wing, which assumed the assets of the inactivating 310th Bombardment Group.

At Hanscom, squadron training was supervised by the 2234th Air Force Reserve Training Center and the squadron was only manned at 25% of normal strength. Although the squadron operated a variety of trainers, its primary mission aircraft was the Curtiss C-46 Commando. All reserve combat and corollary units were mobilized for the Korean War. The 25th was called up on 1 May 1951. Squadron personnel were used as fillers to bring other units up to strength and unit aircraft were distributed to other organizations as well. The squadron was inactivated on 10 May.

The reserve mobilization for the Korean War, however, had left the reserve without aircraft, and the reserves did not receive aircraft until July 1952. In June 1952, the squadron, now the **25th Fighter-Bomber Squadron**, was once again activated at Hanscom. All reserve fighter bomber Units, however were assigned an air defense role. The squadron was gained by Air Defense Command (ADC) upon mobilization. ADC required these squadrons to be designed to augment active duty squadrons capable of performing air defense missions for an indefinite period after mobilization independently of their parent wing. The squadron equipped with Lockheed F-80 Shooting Stars in 1953 to perform this mission. The squadron also continued to operate trainers until the mid 1950s, when it began doing all its flying in tactical aircraft.

By 1955, the squadron had begun to re-equip with Republic F-84 Thunderjets. However, the Joint Chiefs of Staff were pressuring the Air Force to provide more wartime airlift. At the same time, about 150 Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcars became available from the active force. In addition, within the Air Staff was a recommendation that the reserve fighter mission given to the Air National Guard and replaced by the troop carrier mission. Consequently, in November 1956 the Air Force directed Continental Air Command to convert three reserve fighter bomber wings to the troop carrier mission by September 1957. The squadron had just begun upgrading to the North American F-86 Sabre, when it was inactivated on 16 November 1957, and most of its assets were transferred to elements of the 94th Troop Carrier Wing, which was simultaneously activated.

## Lineage

* Constituted as the **25th Transport Squadron** on 19 January 1942

Activated on 1 February 1942 Redesignated **25th Troop Carrier Squadron** on 4 July 1942 Disbanded on 14 April 1944 * Reconstituted as the **25th Troop Carrier Squadron**, Medium on 10 May 1949

Activated in the reserve on 27 June 1949 Ordered into active service on 1 May 1951 Inactivated on 10 May 1951 * Redesignated **25th Fighter-Bomber Squadron** on 6 May 1952

Activated on in the reserve on 14 June 1952 Inactivated on 16 November 1957

### Assignments

* 89th Transport Group (later 89th Troop Carrier Group), 1 February 1942 – 14 April 1944
* 89th Troop Carrier Group, 27 June 1949 – 10 May 1951
* 89th Fighter-Bomber Group, 14 June 1952 – 16 November 1957

### Stations

* Daniel Field, Georgia, 1 February 1942
* Harding Field, Louisiana, 8 March 1942
* Camp Williams Army Air Field, Wisconsin, 22 June 1942
* Sedalia Army Air Field, Missouri, 2 September 1942
* Del Valle Airfield (later Bergstrom Field), 19 December 1942 – 14 April 1944
* Hanscom Airport (later Bedford Air Field, Hanscom Field), Massachusetts, 27 June 1949 – 10 May 1951
* Hanscom Field (later Laurence G. Hanscom Field), Massachusetts, 14 June 1952 – 16 November 1957

### Aircraft

### Campaign

| Campaign Streamer | Campaign | Dates | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | American Theater without inscription | 2 March 1942 – 14 April 1944 | 25th Transport Squadron (later 25th Troop Carrier Squadron) |

### Notes

Explanatory notes Citations  1. Maurer, *Combat Squadrons*, p. 133
2. Maurer, *Combat Units*, pp. 190-192
3. Maurer, *Combat Units*, pp. 154-155
4. Goss, pp. 74-75
5. Craven & Cate, Introduction, p. xxxvi
6. Goss, p. 75
7. Maurer, *Combat Units*, p. 7
8. *See* Mueller, p. 31
9. Ravenstein, pp. 122-123
10. Lahue, Melissa (3 March 2022). "89 Airlift Wing (AMC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
11. Maurer, *Combat Units*, pp. 184-185
12. *See* Mueller, p. 225
13. Cantwell, p. 74
14. Ravenstein, pp. 122-123
15. Cantwell, p. 87
16. Cantwell, p. 97
17. Cantwell, p. 137
18. Cantwell, p. 139
19. 'Cantwell, p. 152
20. Cantwell, p. 148
21. Cantwell, p. 147
22. Cantwell, p. 168
23. Ravenstein, pp. 132-133
24. Mueller, p. 221

### Bibliography

This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

Goss, William A. (1955). "The Organization and its Responsibilities, Chapter 2 The AAF". In Craven, Wesley F.; Cate, James L. (eds.). *The Army Air Forces in World War II* (PDF). Vol. VI, Men & Planes. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. LCCN 48003657. OCLC 704158. Retrieved 17 December 2016.

## InfoBox

| 25th Fighter-Bomber Squadron | |
| --- | --- |
| F-84E Thunderjet launching rockets | |
| Active | 1942-1944; 1949–1951; 1952-1957 |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | United States Air Force |
| Role | Airlift |
| Insignia | |
| 25th Fighter-Bomber Squadron emblem |  |
| 25 Troop Carrier Sq emblem |  |


title: Ferdinando Cazzamalli

abstract: Ferdinando Cazzamalli was an Italian psychiatrist from Crema, Lombardy who was interested in paranormal phenomena.

text:
# Ferdinando Cazzamalli

**Ferdinando Cazzamalli** (August 4, 1887 in Crema, Italy – 1958) was an Italian psychiatrist from Crema, Lombardy who was interested in paranormal phenomena.

## Biography

Cazzamalli was the director of a psychiatric hospital in Como, but later became a lecturer in psychiatry at the university of Modena, which employed Cazzamalli for 20 years together with electrical engineer Eugenio Gnesutta to work with psychologically disturbed patients, where they also investigating physical accounts of telepathy.

They created equipment to measure ultra-high-frequency waves to explain the phenomena of telepathy as electromagnetic effects on the brain. Cazzamalli conducted experiments with a radio receiver enclosed in a Faraday cage, and came to the conclusion that there were paranormal phenomena.

In 1937 Cazzamalli founded, together with Giovanni Schepis, Emilio Servadio, and Luigi Sanguineti, the Italian Society of Metaphysics (SIM), the first group in Italy to study paranormal activity full-time. The Italian fascist state recognized this group in 1941. The group was later renamed in 1955 to the Italian Society of Parapsychology. In 1946 the society released its first magazine, called "Metaphysics". Due to political and methodological differences, Cazzamalli left the society in order to create his own group, the Italian Associated Scientists of Metaphysics.

## Works

* Problemi di vita manicomiale, Imola: Galeati, 1916
* Guerra, follia e degenerazione, Milano: Avanti, 1921
* La tabe dorsale alla luce delle moderne conoscenze, Bergamo: Savoldi, 1926
* Dalla metapsichica al pane quotidiano: Articoli, Como: C. Nani, 1934
* Di un fenomeno radiante cerebropsichico (riflesso cerebropsicoradiante) come mezzo di esplorazione psicobiofisica, in: Giornale di Psichiatria e di Neuropatologia (1935)
* Metapsichica, neurobiologia e metodo sperimentale: Dalla metapsichica alla psicobiofisica, in: Giornale di Psichiatria e di neuropatologia, fasc. 3-4 (1939)
* I fenomeni elettromagnetici radianti dal soggetto umano in intensa attivita (orgasmo funzionale) psicosensoriale del cervello, il metodo sperimentale e il prof. Agostino Gemelli, in: Giornale di Psichiatria e neuropatologia, fasc. 1-2 (1942)
* L'avventura di Giuseppe Massarenti: per la liberta e la dignita del cittadino, Bologna: S.T.E.B., 1946
* La Madonna di Bonate: apparizioni o visioni? Milano: Bocca, 1951
* Il cervello radiante: fenomeni elettromagnetici radianti dal cervello umano durante l'intensa attivita psicosensoriale degli stati onirici, allucinatori e telepsichici, Milano: Ceschina, 1960
* The Radiating Brain, 1960
* Le Cerveau Émetteur, ISBN 2-87211-016-X, Belgium: Collection Résurgence, 1998


title: Falsimargarita kapala

abstract: Falsimargarita kapala is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Calliostomatidae within the superfamily Trochoidea, the top snails, turban snails and their allies.

text:
# Falsimargarita kapala

***Falsimargarita kapala*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Calliostomatidae within the superfamily Trochoidea, the top snails, turban snails and their allies.

## Distribution

This species occurs in Southern Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Falsimargarita kapala* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Vetigastropoda |
| Order: | Trochida |
| Superfamily: | Trochoidea |
| Family: | Calliostomatidae |
| Genus: | *Falsimargarita* |
| Species: | ***F. kapala*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Falsimargarita kapala***<br>B. A. Marshall, 2016 | |
|


title: 1997 in Paraguayan football

text:
# 1997 in Paraguayan football

The following article presents a summary of the 1997 football (soccer) season in Paraguay.

## First division results

### Torneo Apertura

The Apertura tournament was played in a single all-play-all system. After every draw during this stage the game went on to a penalty kick shootout, awarding **two points to the winner of the shootout** and **one point to the losing team**. At the end, the top eight teams qualified to a playoff stage to determine the Apertura champion.

| Position | Team | Played | Wins | Draws
P.K. Wins / P.K. Losses | Losses | Scored | Conceded | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Olimpia | 12 | 7 | 4/0 | 1 | 22 | 7 | **29** |
| 2 | Cerro Porteño | 12 | 7 | 1/0 | 4 | 23 | 15 | **23** |
| 3 | Sol de América | 12 | 6 | 0/2 | 4 | 11 | 8 | **20** |
| 4 | Libertad | 12 | 5 | 0/5 | 2 | 17 | 13 | **20** |
| 5 | San Lorenzo | 12 | 5 | 1/2 | 4 | 15 | 17 | **19** |
| 6 | Guaraní | 12 | 5 | 1/2 | 4 | 18 | 15 | **19** |
| 7 | Presidente Hayes | 12 | 4 | 3/0 | 5 | 13 | 17 | **18** |
| 8 | Sportivo Luqueño | 12 | 5 | 0/1 | 6 | 15 | 22 | **16** |
| 9 | Nacional | 12 | 3 | 2/3 | 4 | 16 | 21 | **16** |
| 10 | Sport Colombia | 12 | 2 | 3/3 | 4 | 17 | 15 | **15** |
| 11 | Tembetary | 12 | 4 | 1/1 | 6 | 14 | 16 | **15** |
| 12 | Atl. Colegiales | 12 | 3 | 2/0 | 7 | 9 | 15 | **13** |
| 13 | Cerro Corá | 12 | 2 | 2/1 | 7 | 15 | 24 | **11** |

* Note: an extra match had to be played between Sportivo Luqueño and Nacional to decide the 8th spot for the playoff stage since both teams finished with the same number of points. The extra match was won by Sportivo Luqueño 2-0. Also, draws were done to determine the 3rd and 5th place and they were won by Sol de America and San Lorenzo respectively.

#### Apertura playoff stage

The top eight teams qualified to this stage and were given bonus points based on their final standing in the table. Two groups of four teams were made, with the top two of each group advancing to a playoff stage.

##### Group stage

**Group A**

| Position | Team | Played | Wins | Draws
P.K. Wins / P.K. Losses | Losses | Scored | Conceded | Bonus Points | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Olimpia | 3 | 2 | 0/0 | 1 | 5 | 2 | \[3\] | **9** |
| 2 | Sportivo Luqueño | 3 | 2 | 0/0 | 1 | 7 | 5 | \[0\] | **6** |
| 3 | Libertad | 3 | 1 | 0/0 | 2 | 5 | 9 | \[1.5\] | **4.5** |
| 4 | Guaraní | 3 | 1 | 0/0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | \[0.5\] | **3.5** |
|

**Group B**

| Position | Team | Played | Wins | Draws
P.K. Wins / P.K. Losses | Losses | Scored | Conceded | Bonus Points | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Cerro Porteño | 3 | 2 | 1/0 | 0 | 7 | 4 | \[2.5\] | **10.5** |
| 2 | Sol de América | 3 | 1 | 1/0 | 1 | 4 | 4 | \[2\] | **7** |
| 3 | San Lorenzo | 3 | 1 | 0/1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | \[1\] | **5** |
| 4 | Presidente Hayes | 3 | 0 | 0/1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | \[0\] | **1** |
|

##### Semifinals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Olimpia | 0 - 1 | **Sol de América** |
| **Cerro Porteño** | 1 - 0 | Sportivo Luqueño |

##### Apertura final

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Cerro Porteño** | 1 - 1
(4 - 3 pen) | Sol de América |

Cerro P. wins the Apertura tournament.

### Torneo Clausura

The Clausura tournament was played in a single all-play-all system. After every draw during this stage the game went on to a penalty kick shootout, awarding **two points to the winner of the shootout** and **one point to the losing team**. At the end, the top eight teams qualified to a playoff stage to determine the Clausura champion.

| Position | Team | Played | Wins | Draws
P.K. Wins / P.K. Losses | Losses | Scored | Conceded | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Cerro Corá | 12 | 8 | 1/2 | 1 | 22 | 11 | **28** |
| 2 | Guaraní | 12 | 6 | 1/4 | 1 | 22 | 16 | **24** |
| 3 | San Lorenzo | 12 | 5 | 2/1 | 4 | 13 | 10 | **20** |
| 4 | Sportivo Luqueño | 12 | 4 | 3/2 | 3 | 18 | 16 | **20** |
| 5 | Olimpia | 12 | 4 | 4/0 | 4 | 18 | 16 | **20** |
| 6 | Atl. Colegiales | 12 | 4 | 3/2 | 3 | 18 | 18 | **20** |
| 7 | Cerro Porteño | 12 | 4 | 1/4 | 3 | 15 | 13 | **18** |
| 8 | Nacional | 12 | 4 | 1/2 | 5 | 14 | 23 | **16** |
| 9 | Tembetary | 12 | 4 | 1/2 | 5 | 31 | 27 | **16** |
| 10 | Sport Colombia | 12 | 3 | 1/3 | 5 | 20 | 19 | **14** |
| 11 | Presidente Hayes | 12 | 3 | 2/1 | 6 | 13 | 18 | **14** |
| 12 | Sol de América | 12 | 3 | 1/1 | 7 | 11 | 15 | **12** |
| 13 | Libertad | 12 | 2 | 3/0 | 7 | 8 | 21 | **12** |

#### Clausura playoff stage

The top eight teams qualified to this stage and were given bonus points based on their final standing in the table. Two groups of four teams were made, with the top two of each group advancing to a playoff stage.

##### Group stage

**Group A**

| Position | Team | Played | Wins | Draws
P.K. Wins / P.K. Losses | Losses | Scored | Conceded | Bonus Points | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Sportivo Luqueño | 3 | 3 | 0/0 | 0 | 9 | 3 | \[1.5\] | **10.5** |
| 2 | Guaraní | 3 | 1 | 1/0 | 1 | 5 | 6 | \[2.5\] | **7.5** |
| 3 | Nacional | 3 | 1 | 0/1 | 1 | 7 | 7 | \[0\] | **4** |
| 4 | Cerro Porteño | 3 | 0 | 0/0 | 3 | 6 | 11 | \[0\] | **0** |
|

**Group B**

| Position | Team | Played | Wins | Draws
P.K. Wins / P.K. Losses | Losses | Scored | Conceded | Bonus Points | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Olimpia | 3 | 2 | 0/1 | 0 | 6 | 2 | \[1\] | **8** |
| 2 | Cerro Corá | 3 | 1 | 1/0 | 1 | 4 | 3 | \[3\] | **8** |
| 3 | San Lorenzo | 3 | 1 | 0/1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | \[2\] | **6** |
| 4 | Atl. Colegiales | 3 | 0 | 1/0 | 2 | 1 | 4 | \[0.5\] | **2.5** |
|

##### Semifinals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Olimpia** | 4 - 2 | Guaraní |
| **Cerro Corá** | 2 - 2
(6 - 5 pen) | Sportivo Luqueño |

##### Clausura final

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Olimpia** | 3 - 0 | Cerro Corá |

Olimpia wins the Clausura tournament.

### National championship game

The national championship game was played between the Apertura and Clausura tournaments winners.

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Cerro Porteño | 1 - 2 | **Olimpia** | 0-1 | 1-1 |

Olimpia declared as national champions by aggregate score of 2-1.

### Relegation / Promotion

* Tembetary and Sport Colombia automatically relegated to the second division after finishing last and second-to-last in the accumulated table Apertura/Clausura (Opening/Closing).
* 12 de Octubre promoted to the first division by winning the second division tournament.

### Qualification to international competitions

## Lower divisions results

| Level | Tournament | Champion |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2nd | Intermedia | 12 de Octubre |
| 3rd | Primera de Ascenso | 12 de Octubre (Santo Domingo) |
| 4th | Segunda de Ascenso | Atlántida |

## Paraguayan teams in international competitions

## Paraguay national team

The following table lists all the games played by the Paraguay national football team in official competitions during 1997.

| Date | Venue | Opponents | Score | Comp | Paraguay scorers | Report |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| January 12, 1997 | Estadio Guillermo Soto Rosa
Mérida | Venezuela | 0 - 2 | WCQ 1998 | M.A. Benítez  6'
Enciso  62' | Report |
| February 12, 1997 | Estadio Defensores del Chaco
Asunción | Peru | 2 \- 1 | WCQ 1998 | Rivarola  12'
A. Rojas  40' | Report |
| April 2, 1997 | Estadio Defensores del Chaco
Asunción | Colombia | 2 \- 1 | WCQ 1998 | Gamarra  6'
D. Soto  82' | Report |
| April 30, 1997 | Estadio Defensores del Chaco
Asunción | Uruguay | 3 \- 1 | WCQ 1998 | A. Rojas  37'
J. Cardozo  73'
D. Soto  83' | Report |
| 1997-06-04 | Hermann Stadium
St. Louis, United States | United States | 0 - 0 |  |  | N/A |
| 1997-06-11 | Estadio Félix Capriles
Cochabamba, Bolivia | Chile | 0 - 1 | CA97 | Acuña  28' | N/A |
| 1997-06-14 | Estadio Félix Capriles
Cochabamba, Bolivia | Ecuador | 2 - 0 | CA97 |  | N/A |
| 1997-06-17 | Estadio Félix Capriles
Cochabamba, Bolivia | Argentina | 1 - 1 | CA97 | Chilavert  74' (pk) | N/A |
| 1997-06-22 | Estadio Ramón Aguilera
Santa Cruz, Bolivia | Brazil | 2 - 0 | CA97 |  | N/A |
| July 6, 1997 | Estadio Defensores del Chaco
Asunción | Argentina | 1 \- 2 | WCQ 1998 | R. Acuña  59' | Report |
| July 20, 1997 | Estadio Nacional de Chile
Santiago | Chile | 2 - 1 | WCQ 1998 | H. Brizuela  61' | Report |
| August 20, 1997 | Estadio Olímpico Atahualpa
Quito | Ecuador | 2 - 1 | WCQ 1998 | R. Báez | Report |
| September 10, 1997 | Estadio Defensores del Chaco
Asunción | Bolivia | 2 \- 1 | WCQ 1998 | M.A. Benítez  26'
C. Gamarra  37' | Report |
| October 12, 1997 | Estadio Defensores del Chaco
Asunción | Venezuela | 1 \- 0 | WCQ 1998 | F. Torres  69' | Report |
| November 16, 1997 | Estadio Nacional
Lima | Peru | 1 - 0 | WCQ 1998 | - | Report |


title: 1958 Singapore Open

abstract: The 1958 Singapore Open, also known as the 1958 Singapore Open Badminton Championships, took place from 1 – 4 August 1958 at the Singapore Badminton Hall in Singapore.

text:
# 1958 Singapore Open

The **1958 Singapore Open**, also known as the **1958 Singapore Open Badminton Championships**, took place from 1 – 4 August 1958 at the Singapore Badminton Hall in Singapore.

## Final results

| Category | Winners | Runners-up | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's singles | Omar Ibrahim | V. S. S. Nathan | 18–14, 15–11 |
| Women's singles | Nancy Lim | Long Soo Chin | 11–3, 12–11 |
| Men's doubles | Johnny Heah & Lim Say Hup | Lim Say Wan &  Ong Poh Lim | 15–9, 15–7 |
| Women's doubles | Lau Hui Huang & Nancy Lim | Amy Heah & Phoebe Heah | 15–10, 8–15, 15–10 |
| Mixed doubles | Lim Say Hup &  Jessie Ong | Johnny Heah & Amy Heah | 8–15, 15–10, 17–15 |

## InfoBox

1958 Singapore Open
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 1 August 1958–
4 August 1958 |
| Edition | 25th |
| Venue | Singapore Badminton Hall |
| Location | Geylang, Singapore |
| Champions | |
| Men's singles | Omar Ibrahim |
| Women's singles | Nancy Lim |
| Men's doubles | Johnny Heah
Lim Say Hup |
| Women's doubles | Lau Hui Huang
Nancy Lim |
| Mixed doubles | Lim Say Hup
Jessie Ong |
| 1957 1959 | |


title: Eriospermum zeyheri

abstract: Eriospermum zeyheri is a species of geophytic plant of the genus Eriospermum, indigenous to South Africa.

text:
# Eriospermum zeyheri

***Eriospermum zeyheri*** is a species of geophytic plant of the genus *Eriospermum*, indigenous to South Africa.

## Description

The leaf is a rounded heart-shape (100 mm × 65 mm (3.9 in × 2.6 in)), and is prostrate, held flat against the ground. Several related species, such as *Eriospermum capense*, *Eriospermum breviscapum* and *Eriospermum pubescens*, have a similar heart-shaped leaf. However, the leaf of *E.zeyheri* is generally a lighter green above, and not a reddish colour below. It is also always pressed flat against the ground.

The irregular-shaped tuber of *E.zeyheri* is white-ish inside.

The pale, greenish-cream-coloured, fragrant, star-shaped flowers appear on a tall, thin inflorescence in December to March.

## Distribution

This species occurs in renosterveld vegetation, in clay soils, across the southern Cape, South Africa, extending from McGregor as far east as the town of Grahamstown.

## InfoBox

| *Eriospermum zeyheri* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Asparagaceae |
| Subfamily: | Nolinoideae |
| Genus: | *Eriospermum* |
| Species: | ***E. zeyheri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eriospermum zeyheri***<br>R.A. Dyer | |
|


title: Baphia heudelotiana

abstract: Baphia heudelotiana is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae. It is found in Guinea and Senegal.

text:
# Baphia heudelotiana

***Baphia heudelotiana*** is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae.

It is found in Guinea and Senegal.

## InfoBox

| *Baphia heudelotiana* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Genus: | *Baphia* |
| Species: | ***B. heudelotiana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Baphia heudelotiana***
Baill. | |
|
|  | |
| The distribution of *Baphia heudelotiana* | |


title: Autichamp

abstract: Autichamp is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

text:
# Autichamp

**Autichamp** (French pronunciation: \[otiʃɑ̃\]) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 114 |  |
| 1975 | 105 | −1.17% |
| 1982 | 115 | +1.31% |
| 1990 | 117 | +0.22% |
| 1999 | 120 | +0.28% |
| 2009 | 144 | +1.84% |
| 2014 | 129 | −2.18% |
| 2020 | 133 | +0.51% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Autichamp | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Town hall | |
| Location of Autichamp | |
| AutichampAutichamp | |
| Coordinates: 44°40′57″N 4°57′57″E / 44.6825°N 4.9658°E / 44.6825; 4.9658 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
| Department | Drôme |
| Arrondissement | Die |
| Canton | Crest |
| Intercommunality | Val de Drôme en Biovallée |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Denis Lattard |
| Area**1** | 6.25 km2 (2.41 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 143 |
| Density | 23/km2 (59/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 26021 /26400 |
| Elevation | 245–485 m (804–1,591 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: France Pastry

abstract: France Pastry is a confectionery in Tehran, Iran, specializing in European cookies. It is one of the oldest confectioneries in Tehran.

text:
# France Pastry

**France Pastry** is a confectionery in Tehran, Iran, specializing in European cookies. It is one of the oldest confectioneries in Tehran.

## History

France Pastry was established in 1965 by Mohammad Sabetghadam with the help of three of his friends. They designed a place in addition to the workshop. It took about a year to import confectionery-related machines from abroad, because there were no new bread-making machines in Iran at that time. At that time, early in Hoveyda's government, the machines were confiscated at customs, and their clearance took about six months. The founders also brought a Swiss chef (living in France) named Gilbert Barrow to Iran to make a modern difference in baking. At first, there were problems in extending Barrow's residence, but after he married an Iranian woman, his residence problem was resolved. Barrow was in Iran until 1977, then worked for a while in catering at Mehrabad airport and left Iran after the revolution.

## InfoBox

France Pastry
|
|  |
| Industry | Confectionery |
| Founded | 1965 |
| Headquarters | Tehran, Iran |
| Products | Cookies |


title: 25th Division (United Kingdom)

abstract: The 25th Division was an infantry division of the British Army, raised as part of Lord Kitchener's Third New Army (K3) in September 1914, shortly after the outbreak of the Great War. It served on the Western Front for most of the war.

text:
# 25th Division (United Kingdom)

The **25th Division** was an infantry division of the British Army, raised as part of Lord Kitchener's Third New Army (K3) in September 1914, shortly after the outbreak of the Great War. It served on the Western Front for most of the war.

## Unit history

The component units of the division were assembled around Salisbury and moved to Aldershot in May 1915 to complete their training. The division was formed by Major-General Francis Ventris and crossed to France from 25 to 30 September 1915 under the command of Major-General Beauchamp Doran. The division comprised the 74th, 75th and 76th Infantry Brigades but the 76th Brigade was posted away on 15 October 1915 and replaced by the 7th Infantry Brigade. In June 1916 Major-General Guy Bainbridge took command and the division went on to fight at the Battle of the Somme, at the Battle of Messines, at the Battle of Passchendaele, in the German spring offensive of March–April 1918 and at the Third Battle of the Aisne.

The 25th Division was unlucky during the 1918 German Spring Offensives, being attacked three times (sharing its misfortune with the 19th (Western) Division, the 21st Division and the 50th Northumbrian Division). It was on the northern flank defences during Operation Michael in March 1918 and was moved north to refit. There it lost more men in the Battle of the Lys in April. Moved south to another quiet area, it was attacked for a third time in the Third Battle of the Aisne.

After suffering severe casualties in June 1918, the division underwent a refit and reorganisation, receiving infantry from divisions then serving in Italy. The reformed division moving back to France in September 1918. The division played a major role in the final few weeks of the war its most noted success was the capture of the village of Beaurevoir on 5–6 October 1918. The war came to an end over a month later with the signing of the armistice of 11 November 1918. The division was demobilised by the end of March 1919, having suffered 48,300 casualties during the war.

## General officers commanding

GOC
| Rank | Name | Dates |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Major-General | Francis Ventris | 18 September 1914 – 27 May 1915 |
| Major-General | Beauchamp Doran | 27 May 1915 – 4 June 1916 |
| Major-General | Guy Bainbridge | 4 June 1916 – 4 August 1918 |
| Major-General | Ronald Charles | 4 August 1918 – March 1919 |

## Order of battle

The following units served in the division.

74th Brigade

During reconstruction in mid 1918

(the last three battalions joined from the brigades of 23rd Division serving in Italy)

* 74th Trench Mortar Battery

75th Brigade * 10th (Service) Battalion, Cheshire Regiment (*left October 1915*)
* 11th (Service) Battalion, Cheshire Regiment (*left June 1918*)
* 8th (Service) Battalion, Border Regiment (*left June 1918*)
* 8th (Service) Battalion, Prince of Wales's Volunteers (South Lancashire Regiment) (*disbanded February 1918*)
* 2nd Battalion, Prince of Wales's Volunteers (South Lancashire Regiment) (*joined October 1915, left June 1918*)
* 75th Machine Gun Company (*joined on 15 March 1916, moved into 25 MG Battalion March 1918*)
* 75th Trench Mortar Battery (*formed June 1916*)

During reconstruction in mid 1918

* 1/6th Battalion, Cheshire Regiment (*joined May 1918, left July 1918*)
* 17th (Service) Battalion, King's (Liverpool Regiment) (1st City) (*joined June 1918*)
* 11th (Service) Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment (*joined June 1918*)
* 6th (Service) Battalion, Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own (Yorkshire Regiment) (*joined June 1918*)
* 13th (Service) Battalion, Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own (Yorkshire Regiment) (*joined June 1918*)

(*On 9 September 1918, the Brigade was renumbered as 236th Brigade and was placed under orders for service in North Russia. It left the 25th Division at this point.*)

A new 75th Brigade was formed in September 1918

(*these battalions joined from the brigades of 48th (South Midland) Division serving in Italy*)

* 75th Trench Mortar Battery

76th Brigade

(*left to join 3rd Division on 15 October 1915*)

7th Brigade

(*joined from 3rd Division in exchange for the 76th Brigade on 18 October 1915*)

* 10th (Service) Battalion, Cheshire Regiment (*left as a cadre July 1918*)
* 3rd Battalion, Worcestershire Regiment (*left November 1917*)
* 2nd Battalion, Prince of Wales's Volunteers (South Lancashire Regiment) (*left to join 75th Brigade a week after Brigade joined Division*)
* 8th (Service) Battalion, Loyal North Lancashire Regiment (*disbanded February 1918*)
* 1st Battalion, Duke of Edinburgh's (Wiltshire Regiment) (*left June 1918*)
* 2nd Battalion, Royal Irish Rifles (*left to join the 74th Brigade a week after the brigade joined the division*)
* 4th (Extra Reserve) Battalion, South Staffordshire Regiment (*joined October 1917, left June 1918*)
* 7th Machine Gun Company (*joined January 1916, moved into 25 MG battalion March 1918*)
* 7th Trench Mortar Battery (*formed July 1916*)

During reconstruction in mid 1918

(*except for the 13th East Surreys, which joined from the 39th Division, these battalions joined from the brigades of 7th Division serving in Italy*)

* 7th Trench Mortar Battery

Pioneers * 13th (Service) Battalion, Manchester Regiment (*joined September 1914, left October 1914*)
* 13th (Service) Battalion, King's (Liverpool Regiment) (*joined October 1914, left February 1915*)
* 8th (Service) Battalion, East Lancashire Regiment (*joined November 1914, left March 1915*)
* 6th (Service) Battalion, South Wales Borderers (*joined as Divisional pioneer battalion February 1915, left June 1918*)
* 8th (Service) Battalion, Leicestershire Regiment (*joined as a cadre June 1918*)
* 11th (Service) Battalion, Prince of Wales's Volunteers (South Lancashire Regiment) (*joined as a cadre June 1918, became Divisional pioneer battalion October 1918*)

Machine Gunners * 195th Machine Gun Company (*joined December 1916 moved into 25 MG Bn March 1918*)
* 25th Battalion, Machine Gun Corps (*created March 1918, left July 1918, rejoined October 1918*)
* 100th (Warwickshire and South Nottinghamshire Yeomanry) Battalion, Machine Gun Corps (*joined October 1918, left October 1918*)

Divisional artillery

The divisional artillery remained in France when the rest of the division returned to England to re-fit in June 1918. It took part in the Second Battle of Bapaume, the Battle of Epehy and the Battle of the Saint-Quentin Canal, then rejoined the 25th Division on 4 October 1918.

* CX Brigade, RFA (*between 26 May and 4 June 1918, attached to 8th Division*)
* CXI Brigade, RFA (*broken up 27 November 1916*)
* CXII Brigade, RFA (*between 26 May and 21 June 1918, attached to 21st Division*)
* CXIII (Howitzer) Brigade, RFA (*left 14 February 1917*)
* 25th Heavy Battery, RGA (*raised with the Division but moved independently to France*)
* W.25 Heavy Trench Mortar Battery RFA (*joined July 1916, broken up March 1918*)
* X.25 Medium Mortar Battery (*joined April 1916*)
* Y.25 Medium Mortar Battery (*joined April 1916*)
* Z.25 Medium Mortar Battery (*joined April 1916, broken up in March 1918, distributed to X.25 and Y.25 batteries*)

Royal Engineers * 93rd, 94th Field Companies (*left February 1915*)
* 106th Field Company (*joined January 1915*)
* 105th Field Company (*joined February 1915*)
* 130th Field Company (*joined May 1915*)

Royal Army Medical Corps * 75th, 76th, 77th Field Ambulance
* 42nd Sanitary Section (*left 18 April 1917*)

Division Troops * Regimental HQ and B Squadron, Lothians and Border Horse (*joined summer 1915, left May 1916*)
* 25th Divisional Ammunition Column
* 25th Divisional Signals Company
* 25th Divisional Train
    + 198th–201st Companies ASC
* 37th Mobile Veterinary Section AVC
* 225th Divisional Employment Company (*joined 21 May 1917*)

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| 25th Division | |
| --- | --- |
| Formation sign of the 25th Division. | |
| Active | September 1914–1919 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | British Army |
| Type | Infantry |
| Size | Division |
| Engagements | First World War |
| Commanders | |
| Notable<br>commanders | Sir Ronald Charles |


abstract: These are the official results of the Men's 110 metres hurdles event at the 1997 IAAF World Championships in Athens, Greece. There were a total number of 47 participating athletes, with two semi-finals, four quarter-finals and six qualifying heats and the final held on Thursday August 7, 1997.

text:
# 1997 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 110 metres hurdles

These are the official results of the **Men's 110 metres hurdles** event at the **1997 IAAF World Championships** in Athens, Greece. There were a total number of 47 participating athletes, with two semi-finals, four quarter-finals and six qualifying heats and the final held on Thursday August 7, 1997.

## Medalists

| **Gold** | Allen Johnson
*United States (USA)* |
| --- | --- |
| **Silver** | Colin Jackson
*Great Britain (GBR)* |
| **Bronze** | Igor Kováč
*Slovakia (SVK)* |

## Final

| RANK | FINAL | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Allen Johnson (USA) | **12.93** |
|  | Colin Jackson (GBR) | **13.05** |
|  | Igor Kováč (SVK) | **13.18** |
| 4. | Florian Schwarthoff (GER) | **13.20** |
| 5. | Dan Philibert (FRA) | **13.26** |
| 6. | Terry Reese (USA) | **13.30** |
| 7. | Mark Crear (USA) | **13.55** |
|  | Artur Kohutek (POL) | **DNS** |

## Semi-finals

* Held on Wednesday 1997-08-06

| RANK | HEAT 1 | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Colin Jackson (GBR) | **13.24** |
| 2. | Allen Johnson (USA) | **13.31** |
| 3. | Igor Kováč (SVK) | **13.38** |
| 4. | Terry Reese (USA) | **13.45** |
| 5. | Robin Korving (NED) | **13.51** |
| 6. | Vincent Clarico (FRA) | **13.53** |
| 7. | Andrey Kislykh (RUS) | **13.78** |
| 8. | Falk Balzer (GER) | **14.06** |

| RANK | HEAT 2 | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Florian Schwarthoff (GER) | **13.29** |
| 2. | Dan Philibert (FRA) | **13.30** |
| 3. | Mark Crear (USA) | **13.35** |
| 4. | Artur Kohutek (POL) | **13.39** |
| 5. | Kyle Vander-Kuyp (AUS) | **13.49** |
| 6. | Tony Jarrett (GBR) | **13.50** |
| 7. | Jonathan N'Senga (BEL) | **13.58** |
|  | Anier García (CUB) | **DNS** |

## Quarterfinals

* Held on Tuesday 1997-08-05

| RANK | HEAT 1 | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Mark Crear (USA) | **13.15** |
| 2. | Colin Jackson (GBR) | **13.19** |
| 3. | Robin Korving (NED) | **13.44** |
| 4. | Mike Fenner (GER) | **13.50** |
| 5. | Ronald Mehlich (POL) | **13.51** |
| 6. | Sven Pieters (BEL) | **13.55** |
| 7. | Sebastien Thibault (FRA) | **13.62** |
| 8. | Jovesa Naivalu (FIJ) | **14.04** |

| RANK | HEAT 2 | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Allen Johnson (USA) | **13.22** |
| 2. | Artur Kohutek (POL) | **13.27** |
| 3. | Dan Philibert (FRA) | **13.33** |
| 4. | Falk Balzer (GER) | **13.37** |
| 5. | Jonathan N'Senga (BEL) | **13.50** |
| 6. | Stanislav Olijars (LAT) | **13.62** |
| 7. | Andrew Tulloch (GBR) | **13.63** |
| 8. | Gaute Melby Gundersen (NOR) | **13.91** |

| RANK | HEAT 3 | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Tony Jarrett (GBR) | **13.27** |
| 2. | Anier García (CUB) | **13.46** |
| 3. | Kyle Vander-Kuyp (AUS) | **13.53** |
| 4. | Reggie Torian (USA) | **13.64** |
| 5. | Antti Haapakoski (FIN) | **13.72** |
| 6. | Robert Kronberg (SWE) | **13.73** |
| 7. | Pedro Chiamulera (BRA) | **13.86** |
| 8. | Hubert Grossard (BEL) | **14.01** |

| RANK | HEAT 4 | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Igor Kováč (SVK) | **13.23** |
| 2. | Terry Reese (USA) | **13.30** |
| 3. | Florian Schwarthoff (GER) | **13.30** |
| 4. | Vincent Clarico (FRA) | **13.41** |
| 5. | Andrey Kislykh (RUS) | **13.43** |
| 6. | Guntis Peders (LAT) | **13.55** |
| 7. | Elmar Lichtenegger (AUT) | **13.70** |
| 8. | Tomasz Ścigaczewski (POL) | **13.73** |

## Qualifying heats

* Held on Tuesday 1997-08-05

| RANK | HEAT 1 | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Dan Philibert (FRA) | **13.43** |
| 2. | Allen Johnson (USA) | **13.52** |
| 3. | Robert Kronberg (SWE) | **13.70** |
| 4. | Robin Korving (NED) | **13.80** |
| 5. | Gaute Melby Gundersen (NOR) | **13.83** |
| 6. | Stamatis Magos (GRE) | **13.92** |
|  | Jivko Videnov (BUL) | **DQ** |

| RANK | HEAT 2 | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Artur Kohutek (POL) | **13.37** |
| 2. | Anier García (CUB) | **13.46** |
| 3. | Andrew Tulloch (GBR) | **13.69** |
| 4. | Falk Balzer (GER) | **13.70** |
| 5. | Hubert Grossard (BEL) | **13.74** |
| 6. | Terry Reese (USA) | **13.79** |
| 7. | Wagner Marseille (HAI) | **14.52** |
|  | Andrey Sklyarenko (KAZ) | **DNS** |

| RANK | HEAT 3 | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Igor Kováč (SVK) | **13.36** |
| 2. | Sebastien Thibault (FRA) | **13.50** |
| 3. | Tomasz Ścigaczewski (POL) | **13.61** |
| 4. | Andrey Kislykh (RUS) | **13.67** |
| 5. | Stanislav Olijars (LAT) | **13.79** |
| 6. | Li Tong (CHN) | **13.89** |
| 7. | Avele Tanielu (SAM) | **14.59** |
|  | Emilio Valle (CUB) | **DNF** |

| RANK | HEAT 4 | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Tony Jarrett (GBR) | **13.35** |
| 2. | Vincent Clarico (FRA) | **13.51** |
| 3. | Ronald Mehlich (POL) | **13.65** |
| 4. | Mike Fenner (GER) | **13.67** |
| 5. | Sven Pieters (BEL) | **13.67** |
| 6. | Hisanobu Konae (JPN) | **14.02** |
| 7. | Slavoljub Nikolić (SCG) | **14.26** |
| 8. | Min Tun Min (MYA) | **15.58** |

| RANK | HEAT 5 | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Florian Schwarthoff (GER) | **13.44** |
| 2. | Reggie Torian (USA) | **13.51** |
| 3. | Kyle Vander-Kuyp (AUS) | **13.61** |
| 4. | Guntis Peders (LAT) | **13.73** |
| 5. | Pedro Chiamulera (BRA) | **13.93** |
| 6. | Peter Coghlan (IRL) | **13.94** |
| 7. | William Erese (NGR) | **13.95** |
| 8. | Si Mohamed Boukrouna (MAR) | **14.22** |

| RANK | HEAT 6 | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Colin Jackson (GBR) | **13.19** |
| 2. | Mark Crear (USA) | **13.46** |
| 3. | Jonathan N'Senga (BEL) | **13.53** |
| 4. | Antti Haapakoski (FIN) | **13.75** |
| 5. | Elmar Lichtenegger (AUT) | **13.78** |
| 6. | Jovesa Naivalu (FIJ) | **13.82** |
| 7. | Levente Csillag (HUN) | **13.96** |
| 8. | Blaz Korent (SLO) | **14.20** |


abstract: These are the official results of the men's decathlon competition at the 1986 European Athletics Championships in Stuttgart, West Germany, held at Neckarstadion on 27 and 28 August 1986.

text:
# 1986 European Athletics Championships – Men's decathlon

These are the official results of the **men's decathlon** competition at the **1986 European Athletics Championships** in Stuttgart, West Germany, held at Neckarstadion on 27 and 28 August 1986.

## Medalists

| **Gold** | Daley Thompson
*Great Britain (GBR)* |
| --- | --- |
| **Silver** | Jürgen Hingsen
*West Germany (FRG)* |
| **Bronze** | Siegfried Wentz
*West Germany (FRG)* |

## Final

| **KEY:** | **DNF** | Did not finish | **CR** | Championships record | **NR** | National record | **PB** | Personal best | **SB** | Seasonal best | **w** | Wind assisted |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

The highest mark recorded in each event is highlighted in yellow

| Rank | Name | Nationality | 100m | LJ | SP | HJ | 400m | 110m H | DT | PV | JT | 1500m | Points | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Daley Thompson | United Kingdom | 10.26 | 7.72 | 15.73 | 2.00 | 47.02 | 14.04 | 43.38 | 5.10 | 62.78 | 4:26.16 | 8811 | **CR** |
|  | Jurgen Hingsen | West Germany | 10.87 **w** | 7.89 **w** | 16.46 | 2.12 | 48.79 | 14.52 | 48.42 | 4.60 | 64.38 | 4:21.61 | 8730 |  |
|  | Siegfried Wentz | West Germany | 10.83 | 7.60 | 15.45 | 2.12 | 47.57 | 14.07 | 45.66 | 4.90 | 65.34 | 4:35.00 | 8676 |  |
| 4 | Torsten Voss | East Germany | 10.53 **w** | 7.85 **w** | 14.93 | 2.09 | 48.03 | 14.91 | 43.64 | 5.10 | 57.76 | 4:47.15 | 8450 |  |
| 5 | Aleksandr Apaychev | Soviet Union | 11.14 | 7.25 | 15.57 | 1.88 | 49.45 | 14.29 | 45.82 | 4.80 | 64.84 | 4:28.66 | 8199 |  |
| 6 | Uwe Freimuth | East Germany | 11.02 | 7.25 | 15.28 | 1.97 | 48.35 | 14.85 | 45.94 | 4.90 | 60.36 | 4:34.54 | 8197 |  |
| 7 | Christian Plaziat | France | 10.84 **w** | 7.36 **w** | 14.73 | 2.15 | 50.03 | 14.83 | 45.40 | 4.70 | 57.10 | 4:35.20 | 8196 |  |
| 8 | Alain Blondel | France | 10.74 **w** | 7.42 | 13.27 | 2.00 | 47.79 | 14.34 | 39.22 | 4.90 | 55.18 | 4:18.97 | 8185 |  |
| 9 | Robert de Wit | Netherlands | 11.07 **w** | 7.05 | 14.04 | 2.00 | 49.35 | 14.58 | 43.34 | 4.80 | 54.74 | 4:26.09 | 7962 | **NR** |
| 10 | Sten Ekberg | Sweden | 11.07 **w** | 7.05 | 13.55 | 2.06 | 49.46 | 15.12 | 43.98 | 4.50 | 57.86 | 4:19.96 | 7930 |  |
| 11 | Eugene Gilkes | United Kingdom | 10.64 **w** | 7.00 | 14.92 | 1.94 | 47.60 | 15.26 | 43.50 | 4.40 | 48.42 | 4:18.91 | 7888 |  |
| 12 | Mikael Olander | Sweden | 11.29 **w** | 6.78 **w** | 15.62 | 1.97 | 50.85 | 16.16 | 46.30 | 4.60 | 72.50 | 4:33.46 | 7888 |  |
| 13 | Beat Gahwiler | Switzerland | 11.14 **w** | 7.06 **w** | 14.15 | 1.94 | 49.21 | 15.30 | 40.36 | 4.60 | 63.68 | 4:22.19 | 7862 |  |
| 14 | Lars Warming | Denmark | 10.82 **w** | 7.03 | 13.52 | 1.94 | 47.76 | 14.54 | 40.48 | 4.60 | 44.00 | 4:19.49 | 7776 |  |
| 15 | Patrick Vetterli | Switzerland | 11.23 **w** | 6.77 **w** | 14.27 | 2.03 | 49.79 | 15.06 | 45.40 | 4.40 | 57.06 | 4:53.62 | 7609 |  |
| 16 | Petri Keskitalo | Finland | 10.67 **w** | 7.57 | 14.03 | 1.97 | 51.47 | 14.66 | 33.62 | 4.60 | 53.92 | 5:20.66 | 7452 |  |
| 17 | Carlos O'Connell | Ireland | 11.04 **w** | 7.21 | 11.53 | 1.85 | 49.29 | 15.36 | 34.72 | 4.30 | 51.96 | 4:19.56 | 7312 |  |
| 18 | Staffan Blomstrand | Sweden | 11.05 **w** | 6.78 **w** | 14.10 | 1.97 | 48.95 | 16.19 | 43.64 | 4.50 | 61.70 |  | DNF |  |
| 19 | Grigoriy Degtyarov | Soviet Union | 10.99 | 7.26 | 14.72 | 2.00 | 50.04 | 15.11 | 44.48 |  |  |  | DNF |  |
| 20 | Jurgen Mandl | Austria | 10.95 **w** | 7.09 **w** | 14.27 | 1.94 | 50.67 | 14.98 | 39.16 |  |  |  | DNF |  |
| 21 | William Motti | France | 11.26 **w** | 7.00 **w** | 13.96 | 1.70 | DNF | DNF | 38.50 |  |  |  | DNF |  |
| 22 | Guido Kratschmer | West Germany | 10.62 | 7.50 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DNF |  |
| 23 | Valter Külvet | Soviet Union | 11.48 **w** | 6.71 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | DNF |  |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 23 athletes from 12 countries participated in the event.

## InfoBox

| Men's decathlon
at the European Athletics Championships | |
| --- | --- |


title: Barton, Gloucestershire

abstract: Barton is a village in Gloucestershire, on the Windrush River, near Naunton. It appears in written records as Berton as early as 1287. The manor was acquired by the Knights Templar of Temple Guiting; in 1558 it was held by Maurice Rodney. In 1779 it was recorded as consisting of 7 houses and 44 inhabitants. At the beginning of the nineteenth century the manor was held by William Raikes of London and John Inglett-Fortescue of Dawlish, Devon.

text:
# Barton, Gloucestershire

**Barton** is a village in Gloucestershire, on the Windrush River, near Naunton. It appears in written records as *Berton* as early as 1287. The manor was acquired by the Knights Templar of Temple Guiting; in 1558 it was held by Maurice Rodney. In 1779 it was recorded as consisting of 7 houses and 44 inhabitants. At the beginning of the nineteenth century the manor was held by William Raikes of London and John Inglett-Fortescue of Dawlish, Devon.

Media related to Barton, Gloucestershire at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Barton | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| BartonLocation within Gloucestershire | |
| Civil parish |  |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Cheltenham |
| Postcode district | GL54 |
|  | |
| Police | Gloucestershire |
| Fire | Gloucestershire |
| Ambulance | South Western |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


abstract: The 1958 South American Championships in Athletics were held in Montevideo, Uruguay, between 19 and 27 April.

text:
# 1958 South American Championships in Athletics

The **1958 South American Championships in Athletics** were held in Montevideo, Uruguay, between 19 and 27 April.

## Medal summary

### Men's events

| Event | Gold | | Silver | | Bronze | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 100 metres
(wind: -2.0 m/s) | José Telles da Conceição
Brazil | 10.5 **=CR** | Luis Vienna
Argentina | 10.6 | João Pires Sobrinho
Brazil | 10.8 |
| 200 metres | José Telles da Conceição
Brazil | 21.6 | Jorge de Barros
Brazil | 22.3 | Guillermo Sebastiani
Peru | 22.4 |
| 400 metres | Argemiro Roque
Brazil | 48.6 | Ulisses dos Santos
Brazil | 49.1 | Geraldo Costa
Brazil | 49.5 |
| 800 metres | Ramón Sandoval
Chile | 1:49.6 | Eduardo Balducci
Argentina | 1:51.3 | Argemiro Roque
Brazil | 1:52.6 |
| 1500 metres | Ramón Sandoval
Chile | 3:47.5 **CR** | Gilberto Miori
Argentina | 3:51.3 | Eduardo Balducci
Argentina | 3:51.3 |
| 5000 metres | Osvaldo Suárez
Argentina | 14:26.1 **CR** | Walter Lemos
Argentina | 14:40.6 | Luis Sandoval
Argentina | 14:49.2 |
| 10,000 metres | Osvaldo Suárez
Argentina | 30:37.2 | Walter Lemos
Argentina | 30:37.4 | Armando Pino
Argentina | 31:23.0 |
| Half marathon | Osvaldo Suárez
Argentina | 1:12:38 | Armando Pino
Argentina | 1:13:29 | Juan Silva
Chile | 1:13:45 |
| 3000 metres steeplechase | Sebastião Mendes
Brazil | 9:20.0 | Santiago Novas
Chile | 9:20.4 | Alberto Ríos
Argentina | 9:29.8 |
| 110 metres hurdles | Wilson Carneiro
Brazil | 14.9 | Francisco Bergonzoni
Brazil | 15.1 | Ijoel da Silva
Brazil | 15.1 |
| 400 metres hurdles | Ulisses dos Santos
Brazil | 52.5 | Jaime Aparicio
Colombia | 52.6 | Erwino Stobaus
Brazil | 54.2 |
| 4 × 100 metres relay | Brazil
Ijoel da Silva
Jorge de Barros
João Pires Sobrinho
José da Conceição | 41.3 | Argentina
Pedro Marcel
Juan Salom
Vicente Giorgio
Luis Vienna | 41.8 | Chile
Eduardo Bezanilla
Teodoro Blaschke
Hugo de la Fuente
Gert Wagner | 42.2 |
| 4 × 400 metres relay | Brazil
Ulisses dos Santos
Mário do Nascimento
Geraldo Costa
Argemiro Roque | 3:16.3 | Peru
Ramón Sánchez
José Laca
Guillermo Sebastiani
Eulogio Gomes | 3:17.4 | Argentina
Roberto Batistelo
Víctor Lozano
Eduardo Balducci
Francisco Paganesi | 3:18.5 |
| High jump | José Telles da Conceição
Brazil | 1.90 | Alfredo Lopes
Brazil | 1.90 | Oscar Bártoli
Argentina
Reinaldo de Oliveira
Brazil
Ernesto Lagos
Chile
Horacio Martínez
Argentina
Juan Ruiz
Chile | 1.80 |
| Pole vault | José Infante
Chile | 4.00 **=CR** | Fausto de Souza
Brazil | 3.90 | Carlos Kreuz
Argentina | 3.80 |
| Long jump | Fermín Donazar
Uruguay | 7.24 | Ary de Sá
Brazil | 7.18 | Eduardo Krumm
Chile | 7.11 |
| Triple jump | Adhemar da Silva
Brazil | 15.70 | Reinaldo de Oliveira
Brazil | 14.78 | Itiro Nakaie
Brazil | 14.60 |
| Shot put | Enrique Helf
Argentina | 15.41 **CR** | Isolino Taborda
Brazil | 15.00 | Rubén Scaraffia
Argentina | 14.67 |
| Discus throw | Hernán Haddad
Chile | 49.10 **CR** | Günther Kruse
Argentina | 47.43 | Pedro Ucke
Argentina | 46.49 |
| Hammer throw | Alejandro Díaz
Chile | 54.45 **CR** | Walter Kupper
Brazil | 51.77 | Walter Rodrigues
Brazil | 51.69 |
| Javelin throw | Ricardo Héber
Argentina | 65.78 | Walter de Almeida
Brazil | 65.14 | Janis Laipenieks
Chile | 60.14 |
| Decathlon | Leonardo Kittsteiner
Chile | 5645 | Yelton Bagnasco
Uruguay | 5634 | Mario Cachile
Argentina | 5547 |

### Women's events

| Event | Gold | | Silver | | Bronze | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 100 metres | Martha Huby
Peru | 12.4 | Marlene Porto
Brazil | 12.5 | Nancy Correa
Chile | 12.5 |
| 200 metres | Martha Huby
Peru | 25.5 **=CR** | Erica da Silva
Brazil | 25.6 | Teresa Venegas
Chile | 25.8 |
| 80 metres hurdles | Wanda dos Santos
Brazil | 11.5 | Maria José de Lima
Brazil | 12.1 | Lucía Fantino
Argentina | 12.2 |
| 4 × 100 metres relay | Brazil
Wanda dos Santos
Erica da Silva
Melânia Luz
Marlene Porto | 48.7 | Chile
Katte Harzenett
Teresa Venegas
Nancy Correa
Marta Gatica | 50.2 | Argentina
Dolores Bonacassi
Miriam Cabanillas
Lucia Fantino
Marta González | 50.6 |
| High jump | Renata Friedrichs
Chile | 1.55 | Deyse de Castro
Brazil | 1.50 | Cleide Eloy
Brazil | 1.50 |
| Long jump | Iris dos Santos
Brazil | 5.54 | Wanda dos Santos
Brazil | 5.48 | Marta González
Argentina | 5.32 |
| Shot put | Isabel Avellán
Argentina | 12.69 **CR** | Eliana Bahamondes
Chile | 12.16 | Vera Trezoitko
Brazil | 12.06 |
| Discus throw | Isabel Avellán
Argentina | 44.57 **CR** | Pradelia Delgado
Chile | 39.68 | Ingeborg Mello
Argentina | 39.05 |
| Javelin throw | Marlene Ahrens
Chile | 43.85 | Adriana Silva
Chile | 39.75 | Magdalena García
Argentina | 39.10 |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Brazil (BRA) | 13 | 15 | 10 | 38 |
| 2 | Chile (CHI) | 8 | 5 | 8 | 21 |
| 3 | Argentina (ARG) | 7 | 8 | 16 | 31 |
| 4 | Peru (PER) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 5 | Uruguay (URU) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 6 | Colombia (COL) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Totals (6 entries) | | 31 | 31 | 35 | 97 |

## InfoBox

| 1958 South American Championships in Athletics | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 19–27 April |
| Host city | Montevideo, Uruguay |
| Santiago 1957 (U) Lima 1961 | |


title: Eriospermum proliferum

abstract: Eriospermum proliferum is a species of flowering plant in the Asparagaceae family.

text:
# Eriospermum proliferum

***Eriospermum proliferum*** is a species of flowering plant in the Asparagaceae family.

## Description

The single leaf appears in April to October. It has multiple, thin, hair-like enations that (unlike *Eriospermum paradoxum*) are un-branched. The leaf-sheath is hairy. The tuber can sometimes be stoloniferous and spreading.

The flowers appear in February and March. They are white and triangular outlined, with widely ovate filaments (very similar to those of *Eriospermum pubescens*).

## Distribution and habitat

This species is widespread to the south western Cape, South Africa, in the Robertson Karoo, the far western edge of the Overberg region, the western edge of the Little Karoo and surrounding areas of the Western Cape Province. In the north, its range extends along the western edge of the Northern Cape Province.

Its preferred habitat is rocky areas in sandy-to-clay soils, in shaded places in Fynbos, Renosterveld and Succulent Karoo vegetation types.

## InfoBox

| *Eriospermum proliferum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Asparagaceae |
| Subfamily: | Nolinoideae |
| Genus: | *Eriospermum* |
| Species: | ***E. proliferum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eriospermum proliferum***
Baker | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Eriospermum fasciculatum* A.V.Duthie
*Eriospermum folioliferum* Ker Gawl.
*Eriospermum setiferum* Poelln. | |


title: Baphetoidea

abstract: Baphetoidea is a superfamily of stem-tetrapods. It includes the family Baphetidae and several more basal genera such as Eucritta and Spathicephalus. The superfamily has also been called Loxommatoidea, but this name is a junior synonym of Baphetoidea.

text:
# Baphetoidea

**Baphetoidea** is a superfamily of stem-tetrapods. It includes the family Baphetidae and several more basal genera such as *Eucritta* and *Spathicephalus* (which has been given its own family Spathicephalidae). The superfamily has also been called **Loxommatoidea**, but this name is a junior synonym of Baphetoidea.

## Taxonomy

Baphetoidea was named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1875. The name Loxommatoidea was erected by D.M.S. Watson in 1929 for baphetids such as *Loxomma*, which were then known as loxommatids. Loxommatids were later shown to be members of Baphetidae, and Loxommatoidea was synonymized with Baphetoidea as a result. Because Baphetoidea was the first erected name, it has priority over Loxommatoidea.

## InfoBox

| Baphetoidea
Temporal range: Early to Late Carboniferous | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Life restoration of *Loxomma* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| *Clade*: | Sarcopterygii |
| *Clade*: | Tetrapodomorpha |
| *Clade*: | Stegocephali |
| Superfamily: | Baphetoidea
Cope, 1875 |
|
| Families and genera | |
|  | |
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Authumes

abstract: Authumes is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

text:
# Authumes

**Authumes** (French pronunciation: \[otym\]) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

## Geography

The commune lies on the plain of Bresse in the east of the department.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 306 |  |
| 1975 | 304 | −0.09% |
| 1982 | 250 | −2.76% |
| 1990 | 209 | −2.21% |
| 1999 | 199 | −0.54% |
| 2009 | 240 | +1.89% |
| 2014 | 258 | +1.46% |
| 2020 | 282 | +1.49% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Authumes | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
|  | |
| Location of Authumes | |
| AuthumesAuthumes | |
| Coordinates: 46°53′25″N 5°18′11″E / 46.8903°N 5.3031°E / 46.8903; 5.3031 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Saône-et-Loire |
| Arrondissement | Louhans |
| Canton | Pierre-de-Bresse |
| Intercommunality | Bresse Nord Intercom |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Joël Martin |
| Area**1** | 12.88 km2 (4.97 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 284 |
| Density | 22/km2 (57/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 71013 /71270 |
| Elevation | 180–213 m (591–699 ft)
(avg. 211 m or 692 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: France at the 1988 Winter Paralympics

abstract: France competed at the 1988 Winter Paralympics in Innsbruck, Austria. 16 competitors won 13 medals, including 5 gold, 5 silver and 3 bronze. France finished 7th in the medal table. France competed in alpine skiing and cross-country skiing.

text:
# France at the 1988 Winter Paralympics

**France** competed at the **1988 Winter Paralympics** in Innsbruck, Austria. 16 competitors (15 men and 1 woman) won 13 medals, including 5 gold, 5 silver and 3 bronze. France finished 7th in the medal table.

France competed in alpine skiing and cross-country skiing.

## Alpine skiing

Ten athletes (nine men, one woman) competed in alpine skiing. The medalists are:

## Cross-country skiing

Six athletes (all men) competed in cross-country skiing. The medalists are:

## InfoBox

| France at the
1988 Winter Paralympics | |
| --- | --- |
| Flag of France | |
| IPC code | FRA |
| NPC | French Paralympic and Sports Committee |
| Competitors | 16 (15 men and 1 woman) in 2 sports |
| Medals
Ranked 7th | Gold 5 Silver 5 Bronze 3 Total 13 |
| Winter Paralympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


title: Bazimini

abstract: Bazimini or Bazmini is a small town on the island of Anjouan in the Comoros. According to the 1991 census the town had a population of 5,087. The current estimate for 2009 is 8,952 people

text:
# Bazimini

**Bazimini** or **Bazmini** is a small town on the island of Anjouan in the Comoros. According to the 1991 census the town had a population of 5,087. The current estimate for 2009 is 8,952 people

12°11′S 44°27′E / 12.183°S 44.450°E / -12.183; 44.450

## InfoBox

| Bazimini | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| BaziminiLocation in Comoros | |
| Coordinates: 12°11′S 44°27′E / 12.183°S 44.450°E / -12.183; 44.450 | |
| Country | Comoros |
| Island | Anjouan |
| Population (2009 (est.)) | |
| Total | 8,952 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |


title: Bathycadulus

abstract:
Bathycadulus is a genus of molluscs belonging to the family Gadilidae. The species of this genus are found in Europe, Southern Africa and Australia. Species:
  - Bathycadulus fabrizioi Scarabino, 1995
  - Bathycadulus hendersoni Scarabino, Caetano & Carranza, 2011
  - Bathycadulus queirosi Scarabino, Caetano & Carranza, 2011
  - Bathycadulus segonzaci Scarabino, Caetano & Carranza, 2011

text:
# Bathycadulus

***Bathycadulus*** is a genus of molluscs belonging to the family Gadilidae.

The species of this genus are found in Europe, Southern Africa and Australia.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Bathycadulus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Scaphopoda |
| Order: | Gadilida |
| Family: | Gadilidae |
| Genus: | *Bathycadulus*<br>Scarabino, 1995 |
|


title: 2013 United Tournament

abstract: The 2013 United Tournament was an exhibition football club tournament that took place in Ukraine and Russia on 27 June – 7 July 2013. Four teams participated in it: Shakhtar Donetsk and Dynamo Kyiv from Ukraine; Zenit St. Petersburg and Spartak Moscow from Russia. On 7 July 2013, Dynamo Kyiv beat Spartak Moscow 2–1 and won this tournament. Each team played four matches: both a home and away fixture against the two teams from the opposing country. The teams didn't play against their domestic rivals. Zenit St. Petersburg played their home matches in Kyiv, as their Petrovsky Stadium was under renovation works. The tiebreakers were: head-to-head results over the two legs, the aggregate goal difference. In total, 8 substitutions were allowed, but the additional five must take place at half time.

text:
# 2013 United Tournament

The **2013 United Tournament** was an exhibition football club tournament that took place in Ukraine and Russia on 27 June – 7 July 2013. Four teams participated in it: Shakhtar Donetsk and Dynamo Kyiv from Ukraine; Zenit St. Petersburg and Spartak Moscow from Russia. On 7 July 2013, Dynamo Kyiv beat Spartak Moscow 2–1 and won this tournament.

Each team played four matches: both a home and away fixture against the two teams from the opposing country. The teams didn't play against their domestic rivals. Zenit St. Petersburg played their home matches in Kyiv, as their Petrovsky Stadium was under renovation works. The tiebreakers were: head-to-head results over the two legs, the aggregate goal difference. In total, 8 substitutions were allowed, but the additional five must take place at half time.

## Teams

| Team | Recent domestic honours | Continental performances |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Shakhtar Donetsk | 2012–13 Ukrainian Premier League**Winner**
2012–13 Ukrainian Cup**Winner** | 2012–13 UEFA Champions League**Round of 16** |
| Dynamo Kyiv | 2012–13 Ukrainian Premier League**Third** | 2012–13 UEFA Champions League**Group stage**
2012–13 UEFA Europa League**Round of 32** |
| Zenit St. Petersburg | 2012–13 Russian Premier League**Runner-up** | 2012–13 UEFA Champions League**Group stage**
2012–13 UEFA Europa League**Round of 16** |
| Spartak Moscow | 2012–13 Russian Premier League**Fourth** | 2012–13 UEFA Champions League**Group stage** |

## Venues

| Ukraine | | | Russia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Donetsk | Kyiv | | Moscow |
| Donbass Arena | Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex | Valeriy Lobanovskyi Dynamo Stadium | Eduard Streltsov Stadium |
| Capacity: **52,187** | Capacity: **70,050** | Capacity: **16,873** | Capacity: **13,450** |
|  |  |  |  |

## Standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Dynamo Kyiv | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 5 | +3 | 10 |
| 2 | Spartak Moscow | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
| 3 | Zenit St. Petersburg | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 4 |
| 4 | Shakhtar Donetsk | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 |

Source:

## Matches

| Spartak Moscow | 0–1 | Dynamo Kyiv |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report1
Report2 | Husyev  31' (pen.) |

Eduard Streltsov Stadium, MoscowAttendance: 8,000Referee: Alexei Nikolaev (Russia)

| Zenit St. Petersburg | 0–1 | Shakhtar Donetsk |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report1
Report2 | Douglas Costa  69' |

Valeriy Lobanovskyi Dynamo Stadium, KyivAttendance: 4,000Referee: Serhiy Boyko (Ukraine)

---

| Shakhtar Donetsk | 0–0 | Spartak Moscow |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report1
Report2 |  |

Donbass Arena, DonetskAttendance: 24,391Referee: Anatoly Abdula (Ukraine)

| Zenit St. Petersburg | 1–2 | Dynamo Kyiv |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Fayzulin  20' | Report1
Report2 | Harmash  11'
Mehmedi  82' |

Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex, KyivAttendance: 28,300Referee: Evgen Aranovsky (Ukraine)

---

| Spartak Moscow | 2–0 | Shakhtar Donetsk |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Movsisyan  43' (pen.)
Yakovlev  75' | Report1
Report2 |  |

Eduard Streltsov Stadium, MoscowAttendance: 6,000Referee: Maksim Layushkin (Russia)

| Dynamo Kyiv | 3–3 | Zenit St. Petersburg |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Harmash  8'
Dudu  58'
Luís Neto  90' (o.g.) | Report1
Report2 | Danny  40'
Kerzhakov  76'
Đorđević  84' |

Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex, KyivAttendance: 30,219Referee: Yuri Mozharovsky (Ukraine)

---

| Shakhtar Donetsk | 0–1 | Zenit St. Petersburg |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report1
Report2 | Bystrov  89' |

Donbass Arena, DonetskAttendance: 23,331Referee: Sergiy Berezka (Ukraine)

| Dynamo Kyiv | 2–1 | Spartak Moscow |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Lens  15'
Husyev  61' | Report1
Report2 | Insaurralde  90+2' |

Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex, KyivAttendance: 51,300Referee: Yuri Vaks (Ukraine)

## Winners

| Winners of the 2013 United Tournament |
| --- |
|
FC Dynamo Kyiv
First title |

## InfoBox

2013 United Tournament
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Host countries | Ukraine
Russia |
| Dates | 27 June – 7 July 2013 |
| Teams | (from 2 associations) |
| Venue(s) | (in 3 host cities) |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Dynamo Kyiv (1st title) |
| Runners-up | Spartak Moscow |
| Third place | Zenit St. Petersburg |
| Fourth place | Shakhtar Donetsk |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 8 |
| Goals scored | 17 (2.13 per match) |
| Top scorer(s) | Harmash (Dynamo Kyiv)
Husyev (Dynamo Kyiv)
(2 goals) |
|


abstract: The women's half marathon event at the 2015 Summer Universiade was held on 12 July at the Gwangju Universiade Main Stadium.

text:
# Athletics at the 2015 Summer Universiade – Women's half marathon

The **women's half marathon** event at the **2015 Summer Universiade** was held on 12 July at the Gwangju Universiade Main Stadium.

## Medalists

### Individual

| **Gold** | **Silver** | **Bronze** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Zhang Yingying
*China* | Nanako Kanno
*Japan* | Yuta Takahashi
*Japan* |

### Team

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Japan*
Nanako Kanno
Ayumi Uehara
Maki Izumida
*Sakurako Fukuuchi* | *China*
Zhang Yingying
Zhang Meixia
Xiao Huinin | *Turkey*
Nilay Ersun
Şeyma Yıldız
Yasemin Can
*Elif Tozlu*
*Burcu Büyükbezgin* |

## Results

### Individual

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Zhang Yingying | China | 1:15:06 |  |
|  | Nanako Kanno | Japan | 1:15:24 |  |
|  | Ayumi Uehara | Japan | 1:15:35 |  |
| 4 | Maki Izumida | Japan | 1:16:09 |  |
| 5 | Nilay Ersun | Turkey | 1:16:57 |  |
| 6 | Munkhzaya Bayartsogt | Mongolia | 1:17:19 | SB |
| 7 | Sakurako Fukuuchi | Japan | 1:17:44 |  |
| 8 | Kathya García | Mexico | 1:18:08 |  |
| 9 | Seyma Yildiz | Turkey | 1:18:21 |  |
| 10 | Zhang Meixia | China | 1:19:22 |  |
| 11 | Yasemin Can | Turkey | 1:20:18 |  |
| 12 | Xiao Huimin | China | 1:20:47 |  |
| 13 | Hanane Oubaali | Morocco | 1:21:32 |  |
| 14 | Elif Tozlu | Turkey | 1:22:18 |  |
| 15 | Janet Okeago | Kenya | 1:25:52 |  |
| 16 | Thembi Baloyi | South Africa | 1:28:02 |  |
| 17 | Laune Meyer | South Africa | 1:28:46 |  |
| 18 | Grete Tonne | Estonia | 1:29:25 | PB |
| 19 | Thembeka Ngwenya | South Africa | 1:29:32 |  |
| 20 | Murendwa Davhana | South Africa | 1:30:41 |  |
| 21 | Burcu Büyükbezgin | Turkey | 1:34:50 |  |
| 22 | Marcelat Sakobi | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1:35:33 |  |
| 23 | Smah Al-Najjar | Jordan | 1:40:26 |  |
|  | Sakie Arai | Japan | DNF |  |
|  | Faith Keitany | Kenya | DNF |  |

### Team

| Rank | Team | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Japan | 3:47:09 |  |
|  | China | 3:55:15 |  |
|  | Turkey | 3:55:37 |  |
| 4 | South Africa | 4:26:21 |  |


title: Eric Stromayer

abstract: Eric William Stromayer is an American diplomat who served as the United States ambassador to Togo from 2019 until 2022 and he had served the Chargé d'Affaires ad interim to Haiti.

text:
# Eric Stromayer

**Eric William Stromayer** (born 1960) is an American diplomat who served as the United States ambassador to Togo from 2019 until 2022 and he had served the Chargé d'Affaires *ad interim* to Haiti.

## Education

Stromayer earned a Bachelor of Arts from Northwestern University and a Master of Arts from Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies.

## Career

Stromayer is a career member of the Senior Foreign Service, class of Minister-Counselor. He has served as an American diplomat since 1989. He has served six tours at U.S. Missions overseas and in senior leadership positions at the United States Department of State, including as Chargé d'Affaires and Deputy Chief of Mission in Madagascar, Executive Director of the Bureau of African Affairs, Desk Officer at the Office of West African Affairs in the Bureau of African Affairs, and as General Services Officer at the U.S. Embassy in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Recently he served as Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary for East Africa and the Sudans in the Bureau of African Affairs at the Department of State.

On August 16, 2018, President Donald Trump announced his intent to nominate Stromayer as the next United States Ambassador to Togo. On August 21, 2018, his nomination was sent to the United States Senate. On January 2, 2019, his nomination was confirmed in the United States Senate by voice vote. On April 11, 2019, he presented his credentials to President Faure Gnassingbé. He left the country on March 9, 2022. Stromayer has been Chargé d'Affaires to Haiti since July 3, 2022. On January 29, 2024, Haitian-American rapper Wyclef Jean sampled remarks from Stromayer in a song titled "Kreyòl Pale, Kreyòl Konprann."

## Personal life

Stromayer speaks French, Italian, Hungarian, Wolof, Haitian Creole, and some Spanish.

## InfoBox

| Eric Stromayer | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| United States Ambassador to Togo | |
| **In office**
April 11, 2019  March 9, 2022 | |
| President | Donald Trump
Joe Biden |
| Preceded by | David R. Gilmour |
| Succeeded by | Elizabeth Fitzsimmons |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1960 (age 6364) |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Northwestern University (BA)
Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (MA) |
|  | |


title: Barry K. Schwartz

abstract: Barry K. Schwartz is an American businessman, co-founder of Calvin Klein Inc., thoroughbred racehorse owner, and a former horse racing industry executive.

text:
# Barry K. Schwartz

**Barry K. Schwartz** (born May 25, 1942) is an American businessman, co-founder of Calvin Klein Inc., thoroughbred racehorse owner, and a former horse racing industry executive.

## Biography

Schwartz's father, a grocer, was murdered when Barry was twenty-one years old. Schwartz grew up in a one-bedroom apartment in The Bronx. He is Jewish. In 1968 he borrowed $10,000 to partner with childhood friend and fashion designer Calvin Klein to establish the clothing manufacturer, Calvin Klein Inc.

## Thoroughbred racing

A member of The Jockey Club, Barry Schwartz has been an active owner in Thoroughbred horse racing since 1978 and has raced a number of horses. In 2001, the New York Turf Writers' Association voted him that year's Alfred G. Vanderbilt Award as The Person Who Did the Most For Racing. He served as Chairman of the New York Racing Association from 2000 to 2004. Since 1979 he has owned Stonewall Farm, a 750-acre (3.0 km2) horse farm in Granite Springs, a hamlet in the Town of Somers, New York. One source says it is “roughly 740 acres” and is one of the largest privately owned properties in Westchester, second in size in to the Rockefellers. The estate was put on the market in March 2020 with an asking price of $100 million. In 1979, for $3.25 million, they “bought the largest swath of Stonewall, a 673-acre parcel.”

Among Schwartz's hobbies, he is a stamp collector and is a member of the Board of Trustees of the Philatelic Foundation in New York City.

## Personal life

Besides Stonewall Farm, Schwartz and his wife, Sheryl, own a home in Santa Barbara, California. The couple met in 1967 on a blind date at Roosevelt Raceway. They have two children.

1. "Barry K. Schwartz entry". *National Thoroughbred Racing Association*. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007.
2. Nussenbaum, Evelyn (October 10, 1999). "Calvin's Invisible Man: Schwartz Runs The Company While Klein Makes The News". *New York Post*.
3. Finley, Bill (October 13, 2010). "Schwartz, NYRA's new designer CEO". *ESPN*. The Jewish son of a Harlem grocer, a dropout in college, where he majored in "three-cushion billiards" and a devoted horseplayer
4. Fischel, Jack R.; Ortmann, Suan M. (2008). *Encyclopedia of Jewish American Popular Culture*. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33989-9.
5. Clarke, Katherine (March 12, 2020). "Calvin Klein Co-Founder's Westchester Equestrian Estate Asks $100 Million". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
6. Wadler, Joyce (April 21, 1999). "PUBLIC LIVES; Calvin Klein's Partner Defines a Long Shot". *The New York Times*. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
7. Rus, Mayer (December 7, 2019). "Barry and Sheryl Schwartz's Great Escape in Santa Barbara". Architectural Digest. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
8. "WEDDINGS; Ms. Schwartz, Mr. Ferdman". *The New York Times*. November 9, 1997.

## InfoBox

| Barry K. Schwartz | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1942-05-25) May 25, 1942
New York City, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Businessman
Racehorse owner |
| Known for | Co-founder & chairman, Calvin Klein Inc. |
| Board member of | New York Racing Association
Philatelic Foundation |
| Spouse | Sheryl Schwartz |
| Children | 2 |
| Awards | Alfred G. Vanderbilt Award (2001) |