title: Ataxia variegata

abstract: Ataxia variegata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Warren Samuel Fisher in 1925. It is known from Cuba.

text:
# Ataxia variegata

***Ataxia variegata*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Warren Samuel Fisher in 1925. It is known from Cuba.

## InfoBox

| *Ataxia variegata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Tribe: | Pteropliini |
| Genus: | *Ataxia* |
| Species: | ***A. variegata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ataxia variegata***<br>Fisher, 1925 | |
|


title: Atlas Consortium

abstract: The Atlas Consortium comprises four partner companies; DXC Technology, Fujitsu, Airbus Defence and Space and CGI. Each Atlas partner has extensive experience of major technology implementation programmes in both the public and private sectors. Some 3,000 IT professionals have worked on the development and delivery of the ATLAS programme. The consortium is tasked with developing Defence Information Infrastructure (DII) which is a secure military network for the MoD. This is the largest, most complex information infrastructure rolled out in Europe and connects 300,000 users and 150,000 terminals in 2,000 MoD locations around the world. DII provides a range of software enabling collaborative working across geographical and organisational boundaries and hosts several hundred MoD applications from a range of suppliers, all designed to meet exacting security standards. It provides connectivity from 'business space to battlespace' in MoD offices in the UK, bases overseas or deployed at sea or on the front line. This demands a high level of resilience, flexibility and security.

text:
# Atlas Consortium

The **Atlas Consortium** (stylized as 'ATLAS') comprises four partner companies; DXC Technology, Fujitsu, Airbus Defence and Space and CGI. Each Atlas partner has extensive experience of major technology implementation programmes in both the public and private sectors. Some 3,000 IT professionals have worked on the development and delivery of the ATLAS programme.

The consortium is tasked with developing Defence Information Infrastructure (DII) which is a secure military network for the MoD (United Kingdom's Ministry of Defence). This is the largest, most complex information infrastructure rolled out in Europe and connects 300,000 users and 150,000 terminals in 2,000 MoD locations around the world. DII provides a range of software enabling collaborative working across geographical and organisational boundaries and hosts several hundred MoD applications from a range of suppliers, all designed to meet exacting security standards.

It provides connectivity from 'business space to battlespace' in MoD offices in the UK, bases overseas or deployed at sea or on the front line. This demands a high level of resilience, flexibility and security.

## InfoBox

Atlas Consortium
|
|  |
| Industry | Information technology |
| Products | Information technology services |


abstract: The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 is a United States federal law passed by the 99th United States Congress located at Title 42, Chapter 116 of the U.S. Code, concerned with emergency response preparedness. On October 17, 1986, President Ronald Reagan signed into law the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA). This act amended the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), commonly known as Superfund. A free-standing law, the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA) was commonly known as SARA Title III. Its purpose is to encourage and support emergency planning efforts at the state and local levels and to provide the public and local governments with information concerning potential chemical hazards present in their communities.

text:
# Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act

The **Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986** is a United States federal law passed by the 99th United States Congress located at Title 42, Chapter 116 of the U.S. Code, concerned with emergency response preparedness.

On October 17, 1986, President Ronald Reagan signed into law the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA). This act amended the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), commonly known as Superfund.

A free-standing law, the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA) was commonly known as SARA Title III. Its purpose is to encourage and support emergency planning efforts at the state and local levels and to provide the public and local governments with information concerning potential chemical hazards present in their communities.

## Background

During the early morning hours of December 3, 1984, a Union Carbide plant in a village just South of Bhopal, India released approximately forty tons of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) into the air. Used in the manufacture of pesticides, MIC is a lethal chemical. The gas quickly and silently diffused over the ground and, in the end, killed, by some estimates, upwards to 5,000 people and injured 500,000 more. The only other place in the world that Union Carbide manufactured MIC is at its Institute plant in the Kanawha Valley of West Virginia.

A week after the Bhopal accident, on December 11, 1984, Hank Karawan, then plant manager of the Union Carbide's Institute facility, held a press conference at which he expressed his confidence in the safety of the Institute plant's operations:

> All of us here at the Institute plant have been deeply saddened by the tragic event in India and we extend our sympathy to all the people in the city of Bhopal. I am pleased to have the opportunity to make a point here this morning. Employees of the Institute plant have been manufacturing MIC in an effective and safe manner for seventeen years. We are extremely proud of that safety record. We are confident in the ability of our trained, dedicated, skilled, and experienced people. We are confident in the equipment that we operate, the safety precautions that we utilize, the monitoring systems that we have, and our plant emergency preparedness.

Despite Mr. Karawan's vote of confidence for the safety of the MIC operations at his plant, Union Carbide elected to shut down production of the deadly chemical until it could make $500 million worth of safety improvements. On May 4, 1985, Union Carbide resumed production of MIC. On August 11, 1985, on the heels of the completion of the safety improvement program just a few months before, 500 gallons of aldicarb oxime and highly toxic MIC leaked from the Institute plant. Although no one was killed, 134 people living around the plant were treated at local hospitals.

Both the Bhopal and the Institute incidents underscored the reality of modern-day chemical production—no matter what safety precautions are taken, no matter how well trained a plant's employees may be, and no matter how prepared a plant may be to handle an emergency situation, accidents may still occur. Indeed, around the time of the Bhopal disaster, 6,928 chemical accidents occurred in the United States within a five-year period. In response to this growing threat, the United States Congress passed the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) in 1986.

## Primary responsibilities

In November 1986, the United States Congress passed the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act ("EPCRA" or "the Act") to help America's communities "deal safely and effectively with the many hazardous substances that are used throughout our society." The purpose of the Act is two-fold: (1) to encourage and support emergency planning for responding to chemical accidents; and (2) to provide local governments and the public with information about possible chemical hazards in their communities. To facilitate cooperation between industry, interested citizens, environmental and other public-interest organizations, and government at all levels, the Act establishes an ongoing "forum" at the local level called the Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC). LEPCs are governed by the State Emergency Response Commission (SERC) in each state.

Under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, SERCs and LEPCs are charged with four primary responsibilities:

* Write emergency plans to protect the public from chemical accidents;
* Establish procedures to warn and, if necessary, evacuate the public in case of an emergency;
* Provide citizens and local governments with information about hazardous chemicals and accidental releases of chemicals in their communities; and
* Assist in the preparation of public reports on annual release of toxic chemicals into the air, water, and soil.

## EPCRA Reporting Requirements

EPCRA does not place limits on which chemicals can be stored, used, released, disposed, or transferred at a facility. It only requires a facility to document, notify, and report information. Each section of the law, however, applies different requirements, has different deadlines and covers a different group of chemicals.

## Emergency Planning (Sections 301–303, 42 U.S.C. §§ 11001-11003)

These sections are to ensure that state and local communities are prepared to respond to potential chemical accidents. As a first step, each state had to establish a State Emergency Response Commission (SERC). In turn, the SERC designated local emergency planning districts. For each district, the SERC appoints, supervises and coordinates the activities of a Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC). The LEPC must, in turn, develop an emergency response plan for its district and review it annually. The membership of the LEPC includes representatives of public and private organizations as well as a representative from every facility subject to EPCRA emergency planning requirements.

The plan developed by the LEPC must:

* identify affected facilities and transportation routes;
* describe emergency notification and response procedures;
* designate community and facility emergency coordinators;
* describe methods to determine the occurrence and extent of a release;
* identify available response equipment and personnel;
* outline evacuation plans;
* describe training and practice programs and schedules; and
* contain methods and schedules for exercising the plan.

Determining if a facility is subject to the EPCRA emergency planning requirements is straightforward. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has published a list of "extremely hazardous substances (EHS)." For each EHS, the list includes the name, the Chemical Abstract Service number of the substance, and a number called a threshold planning quantity (TPQ). The TPQ, expressed in pounds, is the critical number. If a facility has within its boundaries an amount of an extremely hazardous substance equal to or in excess of its threshold planning quantity, the facility is subject to the EPCRA emergency planning requirements and must notify both the SERC and the LEPC of this fact. The facility must also appoint an emergency response coordinator who will work with the LEPC on developing and implementing the local emergency plan at the facility.

## Emergency Release Notification (Section 304, 42 U.S.C. § 11004)

A facility may be subject to these reporting requirements even if it is not subject to the provisions of Sections 301–303. This section applies to any facility which stores, produces or uses a "hazardous chemical" (any chemical which is a physical hazard or a health hazard) and releases a reportable quantity (RQ) of a substance contained in either of the following two tables published by the EPA in the Code of Federal Regulations:

* list of extremely hazardous substances; and
* list of CERCLA hazardous substances.

The RQ is the critical number that determines if a release must be reported. This is a number expressed in pounds that is assigned to each chemical in the above-mentioned tables. If the amount of a chemical released to the environment exceeds the reportable quantity, the facility must immediately report the release to the appropriate LEPC and SERC and provide a written follow-up as soon as practicable. Immediate notification must include the following:

* The name of the chemical;
* The location of the release;
* Whether the chemical is on the "extremely hazardous" list;
* How much of the substance has been released;
* The time and duration of the incident;
* Whether the chemical was released into the air, water, or soil, or some combination of the three;
* Known or anticipated health risks and necessary medical attention;
* Proper precautions, such as evacuation; and
* A contact person at the facility.

In addition to immediate notification, facilities are required to provide a follow-up report, in writing, "update(ing) the original notification, provid(ing) additional information on response actions taken, known or anticipated health risks, and, if appropriate, advice regarding any medical care needed by exposure victims." Failure to notify the proper authorities may result in civil penalties of up to $25,000 per day for each day of non-compliance and criminal penalties of up to $25,000 in fines and prison sentences of up to two years.

Of course there are exceptions. A release which results in exposure to persons solely within the facility boundary or is a federally permitted release does not have to be reported. Also, continuous pesticide and radionuclide releases meeting specified conditions are exempt.

## Community Right-to-Know Reporting Requirements (Sections 311–312, 42 U.S.C. §§ 11021-11022)

The purpose of these requirements is to increase community awareness of chemical hazards and to facilitate emergency planning. This section applies to any facility that is required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) under its Hazard Communication Standard to prepare or have available a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for a hazardous chemical (See II above for definition) or that has on-site, for any one day in a calendar year, an amount of a hazardous chemical equal to or greater than the following threshold limits established by the EPA:

* 10,000 pounds (4,500 kg) for hazardous chemicals; or
* lesser of 500 pounds (230 kg) or the threshold planning quantity (TPQ) for extremely hazardous substances.

If a facility is subject to reporting under these sections, it must submit information to the SERC, the LEPC and the local fire department with jurisdiction over the facility under two categories: SDS reporting and inventory reporting.

### SDS Reporting

SDS reporting requirements specifically provide information to the local community about mixtures and chemicals present at a facility and their associated hazards. For all substances whose on-site quantities exceed the above threshold limits, the facility must submit the following:

* initially a copy of the SDS for each above-threshold chemical on-site or a list of the chemicals grouped into categories; and
* within three months of any change, an SDS or list for additional chemicals which meet the reporting criteria.

### Inventory Reporting

Inventory reporting is designed to provide information on the amounts, location and storage conditions of hazardous chemicals and mixtures containing hazardous chemicals present at facilities. The inventory report has two forms. The Tier One form, the simpler of the two, contains aggregate information for applicable hazard categories and must be submitted yearly by March 1. The Tier One form is no longer accepted by any state. The Tier Two form contains more detailed information, including the specific names of each chemical. This form is submitted upon request of any of the agencies authorized to receive the Tier One form. It can also be submitted yearly in lieu of the Tier One Form.

## Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Reporting (Section 313, 42 U.S.C. § 11023)

Under this section, The EPA is required to establish the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), an inventory of routine toxic chemical emissions from certain facilities. This inventory is intended to inform the public about releases of toxic chemicals. The data gathered is also intended to assist in research and development of regulations, guidelines, and standards. The original data requirements for the TRI, specified in SARA Title III, have been greatly expanded by the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990. The TRI must now also include information on source reduction, recycling and treatment.

To obtain this data, EPCRA requires each affected facility to submit a Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Form (Form R) to the EPA and designated state officials each year on July 1. A facility must file a Form R if it:

* has 10 or more full-time employees;
* is in a specified Standard Industrial Classification Code; and
* manufactures more than 25,000 lb/year of a listed toxic chemical; or
* processes more than 25,000 lb/year of a listed toxic chemical; or
* otherwise uses more than 10,000 lb/year of a listed toxic chemical; or
* manufactures, processes or otherwise uses a listed persistent bioaccumaltive toxic (PBT) chemical above the respective PBT's reporting threshold. PBT reporting thresholds can vary anywhere from 0.1 grams for dioxin compounds to 100 pounds (45 kg) for lead.

On October 29, 1999, EPA published a final rule (64 FR 58666) adding certain chemicals and chemical categories to the EPCRA section 313 list of toxic chemicals and lowering the reporting threshold for persistent bioaccumulative toxic (PBT) chemicals. On January 17, 2001 EPA published a final rule (66 FR 4500) that classified lead and lead compounds as PBT chemicals and lowered their reporting thresholds.

In December 2006, the EPA finalized a new TRI Rule which expands eligibility for use of the Form A Certification Statement in lieu of the more detailed Form R. Details about this final rule can be found on the EPA website under TRI Reporting.

## Federal Agency Responsibilities Under EPCRA

Since April 30, 1993, the United States Air Force, in accordance with AFR 355-1, "Disaster Preparedness, Planning and Operations," has voluntarily complied with Sections 303 and 304 of EPCRA in spite of the fact that federal facilities were initially exempt from its requirements. On August 3, 1993, President Clinton signed Executive Order 12856, "Federal Compliance With Right-to-Know Laws and Pollution Prevention Requirements." This Executive Order requires federal agencies, including the Department of Defense, to fully comply with all provisions of EPCRA and the Pollution Prevention Act with one notable exception: the reporting requirements under Section 313. Currently, a non-federal facility must file a Form R only if it is in a specified Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Code. This exclusion does not apply to federal agencies. Federal agencies will comply with the provisions of Section 313 regardless of the SIC code that applies to their facilities.

## Lists of Chemicals (Sections 302 and 311–313, 42 U.S.C. §§ 11002 and 11021-11023)

The EPA's guide provides a useful description of the four groups of chemicals subject to reporting under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act:

* Extremely Hazardous Substances : This list currently contains more than 300 chemicals. Because of their extremely toxic properties, these chemicals were chosen to provide an initial focus for chemical emergency planning. If these chemicals are released in certain amounts, they may be of immediate concern to the community. Releases must be reported immediately.
* Hazardous Substances: These are hazardous substances listed under previous Superfund hazardous waste cleanup regulations (Section 103(a) of the Comprehensive Environmental Resource and Conservation Liability Act—Superfund). The current list contains about 720 substances. Releases of these chemicals above certain amounts must be reported immediately because they may represent an immediate hazard to the community.
* Hazardous Chemicals: These chemicals are not on a list at all, but are defined by Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations as chemicals which represent a physical or health hazard. Under this definition many thousands of chemicals can be subject to reporting requirements if a facility manufactures, processes, or stores them in certain amounts. Inventories of these chemicals and material safety data sheets for each of them must be submitted if they are present in the facility in certain amounts.
* Toxic Chemicals: There are now more than 320 chemicals or chemical categories on this list, which were selected by Congress primarily because of their chronic or long-term toxicity. Estimates of releases of these chemicals into all media—air, land, and water—must be reported annually and entered into a national database.

## InfoBox

Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Long title | Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act |
| Acronyms (colloquial) | EPCRA |
| Enacted by | the 99th United States Congress |
| Effective | October 17, 1986 |
| Citations | |
| Public law | 99-499 |
| Statutes at Large | 100 Stat. 1728 |
| Codification | |
| Acts amended | CERCLA |
| Titles amended | 42 |
| U.S.C. sections created | 11001-11050 |
| Legislative history | |
| * **Introduced** in the House of Representatives as H.R.2005 by James R. Jones (OK) on April 4, 1985 * **Passed the House of Representatives** on May 14, 1985 (413-0) * **Passed the Senate** on September 26, 1985 (86-13) * **Reported by the joint conference committee** on October 3, 1986; **agreed to by the Senate** on October 3, 1986 (88-8) and by the **House of Representatives** on October 8, 1986 (386-27) * **Signed into law** by President Ronald Reagan on October 17, 1986 | |


title: Euptychognathus

abstract: Euptychognathus is an extinct genus of dicynodont therapsid. The type species E. bathyrhynchus was first named in 1942 as Dicynodon bathyrhynchus. Fossils of the genus have been recovered from the Usili Formation of the Ruhuhu Basin in Tanzania.

text:
# Euptychognathus

***Euptychognathus*** is an extinct genus of dicynodont therapsid. The type species *E. bathyrhynchus* was first named in 1942 as *Dicynodon bathyrhynchus*. Fossils of the genus have been recovered from the Usili Formation of the Ruhuhu Basin in Tanzania.

## InfoBox

| *Euptychognathus*
Temporal range: Late Permian
~ | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| *Clade*: | Synapsida |
| *Clade*: | Therapsida |
| Suborder: | Anomodontia |
| *Clade*: | Dicynodontia |
| Family: | Lystrosauridae |
| Genus: | *Euptychognathus*
Kammerer *et al.* 2011 |
|
| Type species | |
| ***E. bathyrhynchus***
(von Huene 1942) | |


title: Eric D. Walrond

abstract:
Eric Derwent Walrond was an Afro-Caribbean Harlem Renaissance writer and journalist. Born in Georgetown, British Guiana, the son of a Barbadian mother and a Guyanese father, Walrond was well-travelled, moving early in life to live in Barbados, and then Panama, New York City, and eventually England. He made a lasting contribution to literature, his most famous book being Tropic Death, published in New York City in 1926 when he was 28; it remains in print today as a classic of its era. In it are collected 10 stories, at least one of which had been previously published in small magazines. He had published other short stories prior to this, as well as a number of essays. The scholar Kenneth Ramchand described Walrond's book as a "blistering" work of the imagination; others described his work as "impressionistic" and "frequently telegraphic", reflecting his use of short sentences. The following extract from his short story "Subjection" illustrates his more lyrical narrative style:
  - "A ram-shackle body, dark in the ungentle spots exposing it, jogged, reeled and fell at the tip of a white bludgeon. Forced a dent in the crisp caked earth. An isolated ear lay limp and juicy, like some exhausted leaf or flower, half joined to the tree whence it sprang. Only the sticky milk flooding it was crimson, crimsoning the dust and earth." Much of the dialogue between Walrond's characters is written in dialect, using the many different tongues loosely centred on the English language to portray the diversity of characters associated with the pan-Caribbean diaspora.

text:
# Eric D. Walrond

**Eric Derwent Walrond** (18 December 1898 – 8 August 1966) was an Afro-Caribbean Harlem Renaissance writer and journalist. Born in Georgetown, British Guiana, the son of a Barbadian mother and a Guyanese father, Walrond was well-travelled, moving early in life to live in Barbados, and then Panama, New York City, and eventually England. He made a lasting contribution to literature, his most famous book being *Tropic Death*, published in New York City in 1926 when he was 28; it remains in print today as a classic of its era.

In it are collected 10 stories, at least one of which had been previously published in small magazines. He had published other short stories prior to this, as well as a number of essays. The scholar Kenneth Ramchand described Walrond's book as a "blistering" work of the imagination; others described his work as "impressionistic" and "frequently telegraphic", reflecting his use of short sentences. The following extract from his short story "Subjection" illustrates his more lyrical narrative style:

"A ram-shackle body, dark in the ungentle spots exposing it, jogged, reeled and fell at the tip of a white bludgeon. Forced a dent in the crisp caked earth. An isolated ear lay limp and juicy, like some exhausted leaf or flower, half joined to the tree whence it sprang. Only the sticky milk flooding it was crimson, crimsoning the dust and earth."

Much of the dialogue between Walrond's characters is written in dialect, using the many different tongues loosely centred on the English language to portray the diversity of characters associated with the pan-Caribbean diaspora.

## Early life and education

Eric Walrond was born in Georgetown, British Guiana, to a Barbadian mother and a Guyanese father. When Eric was aged eight, his father left, and he moved with his mother, Ruth, to live with relatives in Barbados, where he attended St. Stephen's Boys' School, before moving to Panama at the time when the Panama Canal was being constructed. Here Walrond completed his school education and became fluent in Spanish as well as English. Following training as a secretary and stenographer, he was employed as a clerk in the Health Department of the Canal Commission at Cristóbal, and as a reporter for the *Panama Star-Herald* newspaper. In 1918 he moved to New York, where he attended Columbia University and was taught by Dorothy Scarborough. He was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity.

## Harlem Renaissance writer

In New York, Walrond worked at first as hospital secretary, porter, and stenographer. His utopian sketch of a united Africa, "A Senator's Memoirs" (1921), won a prize sponsored by Marcus Garvey. From 1921 to 1923, Walrond was editor and co-owner of an African-American weekly called the *Brooklyn and Long Island Informer*. He was then hired as associate editor (1923–25) of *Negro World*, the paper of Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). He subsequently became a protégé of the National Urban League's director Charles S. Johnson. Between 1925 and 1927 he was a contributor to, and business manager of, the Urban League's *Opportunity* magazine, which had been founded in 1923 to help bring to prominence African-American contributors to the arts and politics of the 1920s. He was also a contributor to *The Smart Set*, *The New Republic* and *Vanity Fair* and *Negro World*. Walrond published his first short story called "The Palm Porch", which describes a brothel in the Canal Zone, where a merciless plot to take over the land unfolds. His other short stories included "On Being Black" (1922), "On Being a Domestic" (1923), "Miss Kenny's Marriage" (1923), "The Stone Rebounds" (1923), "Vignettes of the Dusk" (1924), "The Black City" (1924), and "City Love" (1927) – the year that Duke Ellington began his career in New York and the Harlem Globetrotters were founded. In two consecutive years (1928 and 1929), Walrond was awarded the Guggenheim Fellowship for Fiction.

## Later life in England

After a decade in America, Walrond left for England, where he met English writers and artists during the 1930s, including Winifred Holtby. In later life he continued to employ his editorial skills from time to time, while working as an accountant. He lived from 1939 to 1952 at 9 Ivy Terrace Bradford-on-Avon, Wiltshire, while working at the Avon Rubber factory in Melksham. However, in 1952 he admitted himself to a psychiatric hospital, Roundway Hospital in Devizes, and stayed there until 1957. After he left the hospital, he was involved in a theatrical production at London's Royal Court Theatre in the aftermath of the 1958 Notting Hill race riots. In the Royal Court Theatre, Walrond produced a literary work in "Masks of Arcady". Robert Bone, scholar of American literature and a professor of English at Columbia University, gives details of this production in his *CLA Journal*.

On 8 August 1966, at the age of 67, Walrond collapsed on a street in central London and was pronounced dead on arrival at St. Bartholomew's Hospital. Following an autopsy, he was buried at Abney Park Cemetery, Stoke Newington, on 17 September. His grave lies on a path edge in the southern section.

After his death, which occurred while he was living in reduced circumstances, his early literary work has enjoyed wider recognition, as reflected in *Winds Can Wake up the Dead...* and *The Penguin Book of Caribbean Short Stories*, both published in the 1990s, *In Search of Asylum*, which appeared in 2011, and in James Davis' 2015 biography. At the time, however, his passing appears to have gone relatively unnoticed, although Arna Bontemps wrote of his death, from a fifth heart attack, in a letter to Langston Hughes, dated 1 September 1966. Countee Cullen's well-known poem "Incident" is dedicated to Walrond.

## Selected bibliography

**Novels**

**Anthology**

## Further reading

* Berry, Jay A., "Eric Walrond", in Trudier Harris and Thadious M. Davis (eds), *Dictionary of Literary Biography: Afro-American Writers from the Harlem Renaissance to 1940*, Vol. 51, Cengage Gale, 1986, pp. 296–300.
* Brittan, Jennifer. "The Terminal: Eric Walrond, the City of Colón, and the Caribbean of the Panama Canal." *American Literary History* 25.2 (2013): 294–316.
* Davis, James. *Eric Walrond: A Life in the Harlem Renaissance and the Transatlantic Caribbean* (2015), ISBN 978-0-231-15784-1
* Gable, Craig. *Ebony Rising: Short Fiction of the Greater Harlem Renaissance*.
* Lewis, David Levering, *When Harlem Was in Vogue*, Penguin Books, 1997.
* Markham, E. A. (1996). *The Penguin Book of Caribbean Short Stories*.
* Parascandola, Louis J., and Carl A. Wade (eds), *Eric Walrond – The Critical Heritage*. University of the West Indies Press, 2012. ISBN 9789766402952.
* Farrison, W. Edward. *CLA Journal*, vol. 20, no. 1, 1976, pp. 135–140. *JSTOR*, www.jstor.org/stable/44329234.

## InfoBox

| Eric D. Walrond | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Eric Derwent Walrond
(1898-12-18)18 December 1898
Georgetown, British Guiana |
| Died | (1966-08-08)8 August 1966 (aged 67)
London, United Kingdom |
| Resting place | Abney Park Cemetery, London |
| Occupation | Writer |
| Citizenship | British subject |
| Alma mater | Columbia University |
| Literary movement | Harlem Renaissance |


title: Assawoman Canal

abstract: The Assawoman Canal is a canal in Sussex County, Delaware. The canal links the Indian River Bay to the north with the Little Assawoman Bay to the south. It is bordered by Bethany Beach and South Bethany to the east and Ocean View to the west. Because of it, Fenwick Island is detached from the Delaware mainland. First proposed in 1884, the Assawoman Canal was constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 1891 for the purpose of moving goods by boat without having to travel into the Atlantic Ocean. The canal was initially dug by hand in the 1890s by immigrant labor. The canal was not dredged from the 1950s until 2006. By the early 2000s, it was no longer deep enough to handle the boat traffic that once passed through it when it was part of the Intracoastal Waterway. From 2006 to 2010, the state undertook a dredging project that restored the canal to navigability, with a channel width of 35 feet (11 m) and a depth of 3 feet (0.91 m).

text:
# Assawoman Canal

The **Assawoman Canal** is a canal in Sussex County, Delaware. The canal links the Indian River Bay to the north with the Little Assawoman Bay to the south. It is bordered by Bethany Beach and South Bethany to the east and Ocean View to the west. Because of it, Fenwick Island is detached from the Delaware mainland.

First proposed in 1884, the Assawoman Canal was constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 1891 for the purpose of moving goods by boat without having to travel into the Atlantic Ocean. The canal was initially dug by hand in the 1890s by immigrant labor. The canal was not dredged from the 1950s until 2006. By the early 2000s, it was no longer deep enough to handle the boat traffic that once passed through it when it was part of the Intracoastal Waterway. From 2006 to 2010, the state undertook a dredging project that restored the canal to navigability, with a channel width of 35 feet (11 m) and a depth of 3 feet (0.91 m).

## InfoBox

| Assawoman Canal | |
| --- | --- |
| The path of the Assawoman Canal | |
| Location | Sussex County, Delaware |
| Country | United States |
| Coordinates | 38°32′07″N 75°04′35″W / 38.5353°N 75.0765°W / 38.5353; -75.0765 |
| Specifications | |
| Length | 4 miles (6.4 km) |
| Locks | None |
| Status | Open |
| History | |
| Date completed | 1891 |
| Geography | |
| Start point | Indian River Bay |
| End point | Little Assawoman Bay |
| Beginning coordinates | 38°33′28″N 75°05′23″W / 38.5577°N 75.0896°W / 38.5577; -75.0896 |
| Ending coordinates | 38°30′21″N 75°03′53″W / 38.5057°N 75.0647°W / 38.5057; -75.0647 |
| Branch of | Intracoastal Waterway |


abstract: The 1990–91 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship was the 21st staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1970-71. Baltinglass entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Thomas Davis in the Leinster Club Championship. On 17 March 1991, Lavey won the championship following a 2-09 to 0-10 defeat of Salthill-Knocknacarra in the All-Ireland final at Croke Park. It remains their only championship title.

text:
# 1990–91 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship

The **1990–91 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship** was the 21st staging of the All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1970-71.

Baltinglass entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Thomas Davis in the Leinster Club Championship.

On 17 March 1991, Lavey won the championship following a 2-09 to 0-10 defeat of Salthill-Knocknacarra in the All-Ireland final at Croke Park. It remains their only championship title.

## Results

### Munster Senior Club Football Championship

**First round**

| 28 October 1990 First round | **Clonmel Commercials** | **1-08 - 0-07** | **Milltown Malbay** | Clonmel Sportsground |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | D O'Keeffe 1-1, J McNamara 0-3, W Peters 0-3, F Kelly 0-1. |  | M Flynn 0-3, S Burke 0-1, J Cullen 0-1, S Cleary 0-1, M Killeen 0-1. | Referee: J O'Leary (Cork) |

| 11 November 1990 First round | **Dungarvan** | **1-09 - 1-07** | **St. Kieran's** | Fraher Field |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | M Ferncombe 1-3, P Ferncombe 0-5, P Power 0-1. |  | J Duggan 1-2, R Woulfe 0-4, D Enright 0-1. | Referee: P Russell (Tipperary) |

**Semi-finals**

| 17 November 1990 Semi-final | **St. Finbarr's** | **1-11 - 2-09** | **Clonmel Commercials** | Ballinlough Sportsfield |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | T Power 1-2, J Allen 0-4, J Keating 0-3, M Slocum 0-2. |  | F Kelly 0-4, J McNamara 1-0, W Peters 1-0, D O'Shea 0-3, D O'Keeffe 0-2. | Referee: T Sugrue (Kerry) |

| 18 November 1990 Semi-final | **Dungarvan** | **0-05 - 1-06** | **Dr. Crokes** | Fraher Field |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | M Ferncombe 0-2, P Ferncombe 0-1, E Burke 0-1, P Power 0-1. |  | M Byrnes 0-4, S O'Shea 1-0, G O'Shea 0-1, A O'Shea 0-1. |  |

**Final**

| 9 December 1990 Final | **Dr. Crokes** | **0-08 - 0-08** | **Clonmel Commercials** | Páirc Mac Gearailt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Pádraig O'Shea 0-2, M Byrnes 0-2, Pat O'Shea 0-1, C O'Doherty 0-1, A O'Shea 0-1, N O'Leary 0-1. |  | F Kelly 0-3, P Kilkenny 0-2, D O'Keeffe 0-2, C McGrath 0-1. | Referee: R Moloney (Limerick) |

| 16 December 1990 Final replay | **Dr. Crokes** | **0-15 - 0-10
(aet)** | **Clonmel Commercials** | Páirc Mac Gearailt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | M Byrnes 0-6, Pat O'Shea 0-2, Pádraig O'Shea 0-2, S O'Shea 0-2, G O'Shea 0-2, M Buckley 0-1. |  | F Kelly 0-5, D O'Shea 0-2, D O'Keeffe 0-1, W Peters 0-1, J McNamara 0-1. | Referee: R Moloney (Limerick) |

### All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship

**Quarter-final**

| 9 December 1990 Quarter-final | **Lavey** | **2-11 - 1-12
(aet)** | **Tír Chonaill Gaels** | Dean McGlinchey Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

**Semi-finals**

| 3 March 1991 Semi-final | **Dr. Crokes** | **2-06 - 3-09** | **Salthill-Knocknacarra** | Lewis Road |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| 3 March 1991 Semi-final | **Lavey** | **2-06 - 0-10** | **Thomas Davis** | Celtic Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

**Final**

| 17 March 1991 Final | **Lavey** | **2-09 - 0-10** | **Salthill-Knocknacarra** | Croke Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

## Championship statistics

### Miscellaneous

## InfoBox

1990–91 All-Ireland Senior Club Football Championship
| Teams | 33 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Lavey (1st title)
Johnny McGurk (captain) |
| Runners-up | Salthill-Knocknacarra
Pat Comer (captain) |
| 1989–90 (Previous) (Next) 1991–92 | |


title: Eskimanyas, Manyas

abstract: Eskimanyas is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Manyas, Balıkesir Province in Turkey. Its population is 177 (2022).

text:
# Eskimanyas, Manyas

**Eskimanyas** (formerly: *Soğuksu*) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Manyas, Balıkesir Province in Turkey. Its population is 177 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Eskimanyas | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| EskimanyasLocation in TurkeyEskimanyasEskimanyas (Marmara) | |
| Coordinates: 40°01′N 28°03′E / 40.01°N 28.05°E / 40.01; 28.05 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Balıkesir |
| District | Manyas |
| Population (2022) | 177 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: 2005 Origins Award winners

text:
# 2005 Origins Award winners

The following are the winners of the 32nd annual Origins Award, held in 2006:

| Category | Winner | Company | Designer(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Game of the Year | WARMACHINE: Apotheosis | Privateer Press, Inc. | Matt Wilson, Jason Soles, and Rob Stoddard |
| Board Game of the Year | Parthenon: Rise of the Aegean | Siren Bridge Publishing, Inc. & Z-Man Games, Inc | Andrew Parks and Jason Hawkins |
| Collectible Card Game or Expansion of the Year | Ravnica: City of Guilds expansion for Magic: The Gathering | Wizards of the Coast | Mark Rosewater, Aaron Forsythe, Tyler Bielman, Richard Garfield, and Mike Elliott |
| Traditional Card Game of the Year | Gloom | Atlas Games | Keith Baker |
| Role-Playing Game of the Year | Artesia | Archaia Studios Press | Mark Smylie |
| Role-Playing Game Supplement of the Year | GURPS Infinite Worlds 4th Edition | Steve Jackson Games | Kenneth Hite, Steve Jackson, and John M. Ford |
| Miniatures Game or Expansion of the Year | ATZ - All Things Zombie | Two Hour Wargames | Ed Teixeira |
| Miniatures of the Year | Wargods of Aegyptus | Crocodile Games | Chris FitzPatrick |
| Historical Board Game of the Year | Lock ‘N Load: Band of Heroes | Matrix Games | Mark H. Walker |
| Historical Miniature Game or Expansion of the Year | Gutshot | Hawgleg Publishing | Mike Mitchell, Mike Murphy and Paul Mauer |
| Historical Miniatures of the Year | 10mm WWII Personality Set | Game Figures, Inc | David Higgs |
| Nonfiction Publication of the Year | Historical Miniature Gamer Magazine | Legio X, Inc. | Kathy Plamback and Mike Cosentino |
| Game Accessory of the Year | The 13th Hour \- Roleplaying Soundtrack | Midnight Syndicate Soundtracks | Edward Douglas and Gavin Goszka |
| Vanguard Innovative Game Awards | Darter | Future Magic Games | Jason Conkey and Dove Byrne |
| | Perplex City | Mind Candy | Michael Smith and Adrian Hon |
| | Polarity | Temple Games, Inc. | Doug Seaton |
| | XIG: The Four Elements | GT2 Fun & Games Inc. | Greg Scott, Greg Waring,Tor Nawrot, and Tim Huesken |
| Vanguard Unique Game Awards | Battleground: Fantasy Warfare | Your Move Games, Inc. | Robert Dougherty and Chad Ellis |
| | Infinite Armies | BTRC | Greg Porter |
| | Rocketmen: Axis of Evil | WizKids | Jordan Weisman, Jon Leitheusser, and Shane Small |
| | World at War | Matrix Games | Gary Grigsby |
| Gamer's Choice Best Board Game of the Year | Shadows Over Camelot | Days of Wonder | Authors: Bruno Cathala and Serge Lage Illustration and Graphic Design: Cyrille Daujean and Julien Delval |
| Gamer's Choice Best Collectible Card Game of the Year | Anachronism | TriKing Games | Michael Brown |
| Gamer's Choice Best Traditional Card Game of the Year | Paranoia: The Mandatory Card Game | Mongoose Publishing | Steve Gilbert |
| Gamer's Choice Best Historical Game of the Year | Axis and Allies Collectible Miniatures Game | Avalon Hill / Wizards of the Coast | Richard Baker (lead), Paul Barclay, Aaron Forsythe, Devin Low, and Jonathan Tweet |
| Gamer's Choice Best Role Playing Game of the Year | Serenity | Margaret Weis Productions, Ltd | Jamie Chambers |
| Gamer's Choice Best Miniatures of the Year | WARMACHINE: Apotheosis | Privateer Press, Inc. | Matt Wilson, Jason Soles, and Rob Stoddard |

## Hall of Fame inductees

## Hall of Fame Game inductees

* 2005 Origins Awards
* Sugarbaker, Allan (1 July 2006). "2005 Origins Award winners announced". OgreCave. Retrieved 17 September 2021.


title: Elorza

abstract: Elorza is a town in the Apure State in Venezuela. Elorza is on the region of the Venezuelan Llanos and it had 26.800 inhabitants as of 2012. It is the capital of the Rómulo Gallegos Municipality. The current mayor is Solfreddy Solorzano. This town had shared its urban area with the neighboring Colombia until the government of Eleazar López Contreras. Back then the Venezuelan part was called Elorza, honoring the Venezuelan hero Andrés Elorza, and the Colombian part was called El Viento In August 2001, Venezuela completed a nationwide conversion of land-line phones to three-digit area codes and seven-digit local numbers. Elorza, Mantecal and Bruzual now have the area code 240.

text:
# Elorza

**Elorza** is a town in the Apure State in Venezuela. Elorza is on the region of the Venezuelan Llanos and it had 26.800 inhabitants as of 2012. It is the capital of the Rómulo Gallegos Municipality. The current mayor is Solfreddy Solorzano.

This town had shared its urban area with the neighboring Colombia until the government of Eleazar López Contreras. Back then the Venezuelan part was called Elorza, honoring the Venezuelan hero Andrés Elorza, and the Colombian part was called El Viento (The Wind)

In August 2001, Venezuela completed a nationwide conversion of land-line phones to three-digit area codes and seven-digit local numbers. Elorza, Mantecal and Bruzual now have the area code 240.

## Geography

It is in the region of the Venezuelan Llanos in the Apure State, it is located at 07°03′35″N 69°29′48″W / 7.05972°N 69.49667°W / 7.05972; -69.49667 and is 55 kilometres (34 mi) east of the Colombian border. It is at the side of the Arauca River and in the middle of a plain used for agriculture at 95 meters over the sea level. Its Area Code is 240 and its postal code is 7011.

Roads to the town are two: One that connects it to Mantecal and Bruzual, the Troncal 19 Road; the other that connects it to La Trinidad de Orichuna and Guasdualito, the Via El Caribe Road. Elorza also has access to the Arauca river which allows fluvial transportation and an airport

## Etymology

The antique Misión de San José de Arichuna, with time became known as El Viento, this town grew and spread along the Venezuelan-Colombian border. On March 10, 1866 the Legislative Assembly of the Apure State decided that the part of the population that was in the Venezuelan part would become known as Elorza, honoring Colonel José Andrés Elorza, who was a Venezuelan independence Hero. This decision was executed on the 12th of that same month.

The name of José Andrés Elorza was chosen since he had joined the army of Paez with the rank captain in La Trinidad de Orichuna, a nearby town to El Viento.

## Economy

In March 2018, Elorza began to issue its own currency, in response to the hyperinflation of the hard bolívar.

## InfoBox

| Elorza | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 07°03′35″N 69°29′48″W / 7.05972°N 69.49667°W / 7.05972; -69.49667 | |
| Time zone | UTC−4 (VET) |


title: Emília Rotter

abstract: Emília Rotter was a Hungarian pair skater. With partner László Szollás she won the World Figure Skating Championship four times in five years, and were the 1932 World silver medalists. They were the 1934 European Champions and 1930 & 1931 silver medalists. They represented Hungary at the 1932 Winter Olympics and at the 1936 Winter Olympics, winning two bronze medals. Rotter was Jewish, and was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1995.

text:
# Emília Rotter

**Emília Rotter** (8 September 1906 in Budapest, Hungary – 28 January 2003) was a Hungarian pair skater.

With partner László Szollás she won the World Figure Skating Championship four times in five years (1931, 1933, 1934, and 1935), and were the 1932 World silver medalists. They were the 1934 European Champions and 1930 & 1931 silver medalists. They represented Hungary at the 1932 Winter Olympics and at the 1936 Winter Olympics, winning two bronze medals.

Rotter was Jewish, and was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1995.

## Competitive highlights

(with Szollás)

| Event | 1929 | 1930 | 1931 | 1932 | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 | 1936 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Winter Olympic Games |  |  |  | 3rd |  |  |  | 3rd |
| World Championships | 5th |  | 1st | 2nd | 1st | 1st | 1st |  |
| European Championships |  | 2nd | 2nd |  |  | 1st |  |  |
| Hungarian Championships |  |  | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st | 1st |

## InfoBox

| Emília Rotter | |
| --- | --- |
| Rotter in 1934 | |
| Full name | Emília Rotter |
| Born | (1906-09-08)8 September 1906
Budapest |
| Died | 28 January 2003(2003-01-28) (aged 96)
Budapest |
| Figure skating career | |
| Country | Hungary |
| Retired | 1936 |
| Medal record      Pairs figure skating  Representing  Hungary  Olympic Games  1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen  Pairs  1932 Lake Placid  Pairs  World Championships  1935 Budapest Pairs  1934 Helsinki Pairs  1933 Stockholm Pairs  1932 Montreal Pairs  1931 Berlin Pairs  European Championships  1934 Prague Pairs  1931 St. Moritz Pairs  1930 Vienna Pairs | |


title: Flying Horse Records

abstract: Flying Horse Records is a professional jazz record label operated by the University of Central Florida (UCF) in Orlando, Florida. Founded in 2012 by Jeff Rupert, it produces records for The Jazz Professors a jazz combo whose 2013 release "Do That Again" peaked at No. 6 on the JazzWeek chart on March 4, 2013, and for the UCF Jazz Ensemble 1 a professional recording band of students from the UCF Jazz program whose first two albums both charted, and "Jazz Town" peaked at No. 35 in 2012.

text:
# Flying Horse Records

**Flying Horse Records** is a professional jazz record label operated by the University of Central Florida (UCF) in Orlando, Florida.

Founded in 2012 by Jeff Rupert, it produces records for The Jazz Professors a jazz combo whose 2013 release "Do That Again" peaked at No. 6 on the JazzWeek chart on March 4, 2013, and for the UCF Jazz Ensemble 1 a professional recording band of students from the UCF Jazz program whose first two albums both charted, and "Jazz Town" peaked at No. 35 in 2012.

## Website

Flying Horse Records


title: Eric Daman

abstract: Eric Daman is a costume designer, fashion model, television personality, and author from New York City. Known for costume design and fashion styling on the American television series Sex and the City and Gossip Girl as well as designs for various products.

text:
# Eric Daman

**Eric Daman** is a costume designer, fashion model, television personality, and author from New York City. Known for costume design and fashion styling on the American television series *Sex and the City* and *Gossip Girl* as well as designs for various products.

## Early life and education

Eric Daman was born on August 21, 1970, in Monroe, Michigan, to Douglas and Maryann Daman. When he was 18, Daman began his undergraduate education at Wabash College, a small, private, liberal arts college for men, located in Crawfordsville, Indiana. He later transferred to Paris-Sorbonne University, a public research university in Paris, France, where he earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in French Literature at age 22.

## Career

Daman began his career in the early 1990s as a fashion model in Paris. From there, Daman began working in the United States behind the scenes as a fashion stylist for photo advertising shoots and then television costume designer and set stylist. He also has designed luxury goods products.

### 1990s

While at Paris-Sorbonne University in 1991, Daman met Steven Meisel, an American fashion photographer who obtained popular acclaim through his work in US and Italian *Vogue* magazine and his photographs of friend Madonna for her 1992 book, *Sex*. Meisel use Daman as a fashion model in some of his work, eventually pairing Daman with Kate Moss, a model from England known for her waifish figure and popularizing the heroin chic look in the 1990s. Through Meisel's work, Moss and Daman appeared together in a series of Calvin Klein advertisements. Other photographers such as Pierre et Gilles, Mario Testino, and Peter Lindbergh used Daman in their advertising work and Daman eventually appeared as a fashion model on the cover and within *L'Uomo Vogue,* among other publications.

In 1998 at the age of 28, Daman moved from Paris to New York City and began a career behind the scenes working as a fashion stylist in photo shoots with American fashion photographer Terry Richardson. Together, their work was published in magazines such as *Spin*, *I.D.*, *The Face (magazine)*, and *Visionaire*. Daman additionally worked as a creative consultant to fashion designer Miguel Adrover, assisting sweater-maker Pierre ("Pierrot") Carrilero in providing Adrover's line of sweaters.

### 2000s

In 2001, American costume designer, stylist and fashion designer Patricia Field hired Daman as an assistant costume designer to work with *Sex and the City* executive producer Sarah Jessica Parker to update the fashion and styling of that then-popular American television comedy-drama series with a more editorial tone that conveyed a downtown New York City style.

After winning the Primetime Emmy Award, Daman began collaborating with a number of private companies as a designer of men's and women's apparel, as well as women's accessories. For example, in 2008, clothing retailer Charlotte Russe hired Daman as Creative Director. Since then Daman has also designed a number of collections of dresses for Charlotte Russe.

In 2009, Daman's designs for American teen drama television series *Gossip Girl* earned him a nomination for 2008 Outstanding Contemporary Television Series from the Costume Designers Guild.

### 2010s

In 2011 Daman created a capsule collection of hosiery with fashion design label DKNY called *Eric Daman for DKNY.* A year later in 2012 Daman designed a collection of jewelry for Swarovski, a Wattens, Austria based designer and manufacturer of cut crystal and related luxury products. The Daman collection appeared as the subject of a series of Swarovski-produced webisodes that were entitled "The Daman Chronicles" and premiered online at Cambio.com in June, 2012.

In July 2012, American daily newspaper *The New York Times* described Daman's costume design work for *Gossip Girl* as being as much a part of the creation of a character as the show's writers. Daman design work has contributed to *Gossip Girl* fictional characters Blair Waldorf, Serena van der Woodsen, and Chuck Bass being listed as TV's best dressed in popular press articles.

Named as one of "the 7 influencers" who "could change everything about the way we look" in 2010 by the New York-based women's beauty magazine *Allure*,

## Awards

In 2002, Daman was awarded for the 2002 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Costumes for a Series.

## Filmography

Costume design for film is also among Daman's credits, the titles being The Adventures of Sebastian Cole, The Door in the Floor, Tenderness, Anamorph, Forty Shades of Blue, The Architect, Trainwreck: My LIfe as an Idiot, Quid-Pro-Quo. Fun Size, opening in theaters in October, 2012, is Daman's most recent film design credit. Television costume design credits for Daman include six seasons of *Gossip Girl*, and "The Carrie Diaries" which is slated to air early 2013 on the CW network.

List of Costume Design Credits
| Year | Film and Television | Role | Notes | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1998 | *The Adventures of Sebastian Cole* | Costume Designer | Daman provide costume designs such as the lead character's suits for this 1998 comedy-drama film written and directed by Tod Williams and starring Adrian Grenier as the title character |  |
| 1999-2002 | *Sex and the City* | Assistant Costume Designer | Daman assisted in providing clothing designs such as dress mid series of this 1998-2004 American television comedy-drama series |  |
| 2004 | *The Door in the Floor* | Costume Designer | Daman provided the children's clothing for this 2004 American drama film written and directed by Tod Williams. |  |
| 2005 | *Forty Shades of Blue* | Costume Designer | Daman provided the musical production costumes for this 2005 independent film directed by Ira Sachs. |  |
| 2006 | *The Architect* | Costume Designer | Daman designed the costumes worn by the angry residents of a housing complex in this 2006 film. |  |
| 2007 | *Anamorph* | Costume Designer | Daman provided the wardrobe worn by lead Willem Dafoe in this 2007 independent psychological thriller film directed by Henry S. Miller. |  |
| 2007-2012 | *Gossip Girl* | Costume Designer | Daman provided the costume designs since the first season of this American teen drama television series |  |
| 2008 | *The Guitar* | Costume Designer | Daman provided the costume designs for this 2008 drama film about a woman who decides to pursue her dreams after being diagnosed with a terminal illness. |  |
| 2009 | *Tenderness* | Costume Designer | Daman provided the costume designs for this 2009 American crime film directed by John Polson and starring Jon Foster, Sophie Traub, Russell Crowe, and Laura Dern. |  |
| 2012 | *Fun Size* | Costume Designer | Daman provided the costume designs for this 2012 American teen comedy film written by Max Werner and is the feature directorial debut of Josh Schwartz |  |
| 2013 | *The Carrie Diaries* | Costume Designer | Daman provided the costume designs for this 2013 series |  |

## Media appearances

Daman has appeared on E! News, The Rachel Ray Show; on America's Next Top Model and Project Runway All-Stars

## Publications

Daman's first book, You Know You Want It: Style—Inspiration—Confidence, was published by Clarkson Potter/Random House in December, 2009.

## InfoBox

| Eric Daman | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1970-08-21) August 21, 1970<br>Monroe, Michigan |
| Occupation(s) | Costume Designer, Stylist, Author |
| Known for | Costume Design, Fashion Design, Style Expert |
| Website | Eric Daman Style |


title: 1951 British Grand Prix

abstract: The 1951 British Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 14 July 1951 at the Silverstone Circuit in Northamptonshire, England. It was race 5 of 8 in the 1951 World Championship of Drivers and was contested over 90 laps. The race was the first victory for José Froilán González, and was also the first of many for the Scuderia Ferrari team. Both the team and driver also achieved their first ever pole position during the weekend.

text:
# 1951 British Grand Prix

The **1951 British Grand Prix** was a Formula One motor race held on 14 July 1951 at the Silverstone Circuit in Northamptonshire, England. It was race 5 of 8 in the 1951 World Championship of Drivers and was contested over 90 laps. The race was the first victory for José Froilán González, and was also the first of many for the Scuderia Ferrari team. Both the team and driver also achieved their first ever pole position during the weekend.

## Report

José Froilán González was one second quicker than Juan Manuel Fangio in qualifying, achieving the first pole position of his career. It was also the first pole position for the Ferrari team, and the first in the World Championship (excluding the Indy 500 races) not scored by an Alfa Romeo. Nino Farina and Alberto Ascari qualified in third and fourth positions, completing the front row.

González and Fangio shot away almost parallel from the front row of the grid, closely followed by the other Alfa Romeos and Ferraris. Alfa Romeo driver Felice Bonetto, who started in seventh position, was the first man at the first corner, with the Ferrari of González in second position. González took the lead from Bonetto on the second lap with Fangio chasing. The BRM cars of Reg Parnell and Peter Walker were in hot pursuit of the leaders. The team had arrived at the last minute, and had not practiced or even qualified for their debut race, and had started in 19th and 20th positions. Bonetto's Alfa Romeo teammates of Fangio and reigning World Champion, Nino Farina, managed to overtake him to move into second and third places. On lap 6, Fangio began to close in on González; he passed him on the straight on lap 10, and slowly began to draw away. Consalvo Sanesi then pulled into the pits for fuel and new tyres.

The Maserati of John James became the first retirement of the race on lap 23 with a radiator problem, but was soon joined on the sidelines by Louis Chiron, both his Maserati teammates, the Ferrari of Alberto Ascari and Farina. Farina pulled up at Abbey curve after 75 laps with a slipping clutch and his engine on fire. He had set the lap record on lap 38, with a time of 1 minute 44 seconds, an average speed of 100.0003981  mph,(some sources state 99.997382 mph) ensuring he still left the weekend with one point. González retook the lead on lap 39 with an overtake at Becketts corner. He kept his lead for the remainder of the race (excluding one lap when he pitted just before Fangio did) extending it to 1 minute and 5 seconds with 5 laps to go, before easing off at the end of the race. The BRM drivers of Parnell and Walker were still battling on, despite the fact they were suffering from hand and feet burns, and would eventually finish fifth and seventh respectively.

The Alfa Romeos of Fangio and Farina pitted twice for fuel, owing to the awful fuel consumption of their cars. They were doing 1+116 miles to the gallon, and needed to take on 90 gallons for every stop. Both drivers needed to stop twice, and, owing to the lengthy, minutes-long pit stops of Formula One in 1951, the more fuel efficient Ferrari of González (who only needed to make one stop) was able to overtake the Alfa Romeos and pull out a considerable lead.

González eventually took his own and Ferrari's first victory in a World Championship race by 51 seconds. It was the first World Championship race (excluding the Indy 500) that was not won by an Alfa Romeo. An Alfa Romeo was still in second place though, in the form of the year's eventual champion Fangio. Luigi Villoresi became the second Ferrari on the podium after he finished in third place, two laps behind. Bonetto and Parnell were the other two-point scorers at the race, finishing in fourth and fifth positions respectively.

As it turned out, González had actually raced with an older chassis and engine than his teammates, Villoresi and Ascari.

## Entries

| No | Driver | Entrant | Constructor | Chassis | Engine | Tyre |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Nino Farina | Alfa Romeo SpA | Alfa Romeo | Alfa Romeo 159B | Alfa Romeo 1.5 L8 |  |
| 2 | | Juan Manuel Fangio | Alfa Romeo | Alfa Romeo 159B | Alfa Romeo 1.5 L8 |  |
| 3 | | Consalvo Sanesi | Alfa Romeo | Alfa Romeo 159B | Alfa Romeo 1.5 L8 |  |
| 4 | | Felice Bonetto | Alfa Romeo | Alfa Romeo 159A | Alfa Romeo 1.5 L8 |  |
| 5 | Joe Kelly | Joe Kelly | Alta | Alta GP | Alta 1.5 L4 |  |
| 6 | Reg Parnell | BRM Ltd. | BRM | BRM P15 | BRM 15 1.5 V16 |  |
| 7 | | Peter Walker | BRM | BRM P15 | BRM 15 1.5 V16 |  |
| 8 | Bob Gerard | Bob Gerard | ERA | ERA B | ERA 1.5 L6 |  |
| 9 | Brian Shawe-Taylor | Brian Shawe-Taylor | ERA | ERA B/C | ERA 1.5 L6 |  |
| 10 | Luigi Villoresi | Scuderia Ferrari | Ferrari | Ferrari 375 | Ferrari Type 375 4.5 V12 |  |
| 11 | | Alberto Ascari | Ferrari | Ferrari 375 | Ferrari Type 375 4.5 V12 |  |
| 12 | | José Froilán González | Ferrari | Ferrari 375 | Ferrari Type 375 4.5 V12 |  |
| 14 | Peter Whitehead | G. A. Vandervell | Ferrari | Ferrari 375 tw | Ferrari Type 375 4.5 V12 |  |
| 15 | David Murray | Scuderia Ambrosiana | Maserati | Maserati 4CLT-48 | Maserati 4 CL 1.5 L4 |  |
| 16 | John James | John James | Maserati | Maserati 4CLT-48 | Maserati 4 CL 1.5 L4 |  |
| 17 | Philip Fotheringham-Parker | Philip Fotheringham-Parker | Maserati | Maserati 4CL | Maserati 4 CL 1.5 L4 |  |
| 18 | Duncan Hamilton | Duncan Hamilton | Talbot-Lago | Talbot-Lago T26C | Talbot 23CV 4.5 L6 |  |
| 19 | Maurice Trintignant | Equipe Gordini | Simca-Gordini | Simca-Gordini T15 | Simca-Gordini 15C 1.5 L4 |  |
| 20 | | Robert Manzon | Simca-Gordini | Simca-Gordini T15 | Simca-Gordini 15C 1.5 L4 |  |
| 21 | | André Simon | Simca-Gordini | Simca-Gordini T15 | Simca-Gordini 15C 1.5 L4 |  |
| 22 | Louis Rosier | Ecurie Rosier | Talbot-Lago | Talbot-Lago T26C-DA | Talbot 23CV 4.5 L6 |  |
| 23 | | Louis Chiron | Talbot-Lago | Talbot-Lago T26C | Talbot 23CV 4.5 L6 |  |
| 24 | Philippe Étancelin | Philippe Étancelin | Talbot-Lago | Talbot-Lago T26C-DA | Talbot 23CV 4.5 L6 |  |
| 25 | Johnny Claes | Ecurie Belge | Talbot-Lago | Talbot-Lago T26C-DA | Talbot 23CV 4.5 L6 |  |
| Sources: | | | | | | |
|

**^1**  – Maurice Trintignant, Robert Manzon, André Simon and Philippe Étancelin all withdrew from the event prior to practice.

## Classification

### Qualifying

| Pos | No | Driver | Constructor | Time | Gap |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 12 | José Froilán González | Ferrari | 1:43.4 |  |
| 2 | 2 | Juan Manuel Fangio | Alfa Romeo | 1:44.4 | \+ 1.0 |
| 3 | 1 | Nino Farina | Alfa Romeo | 1:45.0 | \+ 1.6 |
| 4 | 11 | Alberto Ascari | Ferrari | 1:45.4 | \+ 2.0 |
| 5 | 10 | Luigi Villoresi | Ferrari | 1:45.8 | \+ 2.4 |
| 6 | 3 | Consalvo Sanesi | Alfa Romeo | 1:50.2 | \+ 6.8 |
| 7 | 4 | Felice Bonetto | Alfa Romeo | 1:52.0 | \+ 8.6 |
| 8 | 14 | Peter Whitehead | Ferrari | 1:54.6 | \+ 11.2 |
| 9 | 22 | Louis Rosier | Talbot-Lago-Talbot | 1:56.0 | \+ 12.6 |
| 10 | 8 | Bob Gerard | ERA | 1:57.0 | \+ 13.6 |
| 11 | 18 | Duncan Hamilton | Talbot-Lago-Talbot | 1:57.2 | \+ 13.8 |
| 12 | 9 | Brian Shawe-Taylor | ERA | 1:58.2 | \+ 14.8 |
| 13 | 23 | Louis Chiron | Talbot-Lago-Talbot | 2:00.2 | \+ 16.8 |
| 14 | 25 | Johnny Claes | Talbot-Lago-Talbot | 2:05.8 | \+ 22.4 |
| 15 | 15 | David Murray | Maserati | 2:06.0 | \+ 22.6 |
| 16 | 17 | Philip Fotheringham-Parker | Maserati | 2:13.2 | \+ 29.8 |
| 17 | 16 | John James | Maserati | 2:17.0 | \+ 33.6 |
| 18 | 5 | Joe Kelly | Alta | 2:18.4 | \+ 35.0 |
| 19 | 7 | Peter Walker | BRM | No time |  |
| 20 | 6 | Reg Parnell | BRM | No time |  |
| DNA | 19 | Maurice Trintignant | Simca-Gordini |  |  |
| DNA | 20 | Robert Manzon | Simca-Gordini |  |  |
| DNA | 21 | André Simon | Simca-Gordini |  |  |
| DNA | 24 | Philippe Étancelin | Talbot-Lago-Talbot |  |  |
| Source: | | | | | |

### Race

| Pos | No | Driver | Constructor | Laps | Time/retired | Grid | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 12 | **José Froilán González** | **Ferrari** | 90 | 2:42:18.2 | 1 | **8** |
| 2 | 2 | **Juan Manuel Fangio** | **Alfa Romeo** | 90 | +51.0 | 2 | **6** |
| 3 | 10 | **Luigi Villoresi** | **Ferrari** | 88 | +2 laps | 5 | **4** |
| 4 | 4 | **Felice Bonetto** | **Alfa Romeo** | 87 | +3 laps | 7 | **3** |
| 5 | 6 | **Reg Parnell** | **BRM** | 85 | +5 laps | 20 | **2** |
| 6 | 3 | Consalvo Sanesi | Alfa Romeo | 84 | +6 laps | 6 |  |
| 7 | 7 | Peter Walker | BRM | 84 | +6 laps | 19 |  |
| 8 | 9 | Brian Shawe-Taylor | ERA | 84 | +6 laps | 12 |  |
| 9 | 14 | Peter Whitehead | Ferrari | 83 | +7 laps | 8 |  |
| 10 | 22 | Louis Rosier | Talbot-Lago-Talbot | 83 | +7 laps | 9 |  |
| 11 | 8 | Bob Gerard | ERA | 82 | +8 laps | 10 |  |
| 12 | 18 | Duncan Hamilton | Talbot-Lago-Talbot | 81 | +9 laps | 11 |  |
| 13 | 25 | Johnny Claes | Talbot-Lago-Talbot | 80 | +10 laps | 14 |  |
| Ret | 1 | **Nino Farina** | **Alfa Romeo** | 75 | Clutch | 3 | **1** |
| NC | 5 | Joe Kelly | Alta | 75 | Not classified | 18 |  |
| Ret | 11 | Alberto Ascari | Ferrari | 56 | Gearbox | 4 |  |
| Ret | 17 | Philip Fotheringham-Parker | Maserati | 46 | Oil leak | 16 |  |
| Ret | 15 | David Murray | Maserati | 45 | Engine | 15 |  |
| Ret | 23 | Louis Chiron | Talbot-Lago-Talbot | 41 | Brakes | 13 |  |
| Ret | 16 | John James | Maserati | 23 | Radiator | 17 |  |
| Source: | | | | | | | |

Notes * **^1**  – 1 point for fastest lap

## Championship standings after the race

Drivers' Championship standings

|  | Pos | Driver | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1 | Juan Manuel Fangio | 21 |
|  | 2 | Nino Farina | 15 |
| 2 | 3 | Luigi Villoresi | 12 |
| 5 | 4 | José Froilán González | 11 |
| 2 | 5 | Lee Wallard | 9 |
| Source: | | | |

* **Note:** Only the top five positions are listed. Only the best 4 results counted towards the Championship.

## InfoBox

| 1951 British Grand Prix | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Previous race Next race | | | |
| Silverstone Circuit in 1950–1951 configuration | | | |
| Race details | | | |
| Date | 14 July 1951 | | |
| Official name | IV RAC British Grand Prix | | |
| Location | Silverstone Circuit<br>Silverstone, England | | |
| Course | Permanent racing facility | | |
| Course length | 4.649 km (2.888 miles) | | |
| Distance | 90 laps, 408.410 km (253.774 miles) | | |
| Weather | Mild, Dry | | |
| Pole position | | | |
| Driver |  | Ferrari |
| Time | 1:43.4 | | |
| Fastest lap | | | |
| Driver | Nino Farina | Alfa Romeo |
| Time | 1:44.0 on lap 38 | | |
| Podium | | | |
| First |  | Ferrari |
| Second |  | Alfa Romeo |
| Third |  | Ferrari |
| Lap leaders * | | | |


title: 2012 Judo Grand Prix Baku

abstract: The 2012 Judo Grand Prix Baku was held in Baku, Azerbaijan from 5 to 6 May 2012.

text:
# 2012 Judo Grand Prix Baku

The **2012 Judo Grand Prix Baku** was held in Baku, Azerbaijan from 5 to 6 May 2012.

## Medal summary

### Men's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Extra-lightweight (−60 kg) | Ilgar Mushkiyev (AZE) | Giorgi Mesablishvili (GEO) | Mohamed El-Kawisah (LBA) |
| | | Orkhan Safarov (AZE) |
| Half-lightweight (−66 kg) | Masashi Kodera (JPN) | Mikhail Pulyaev (RUS) | Tarlan Karimov (AZE) |
| | | Nijat Shikhalizada (AZE) |
| Lightweight (−73 kg) | Rustam Orujov (AZE) | Mirali Sharipov (UZB) | Zebeda Rekhviashvili (GEO) |
| | | Hasan Yilmaz (TUR) |
| Half-middleweight (−81 kg) | Tural Safguliyev (AZE) | Vitalii Popovych (UKR) | Mammadali Mehdiyev (AZE) |
| | | Lasha Zurabiani (GEO) |
| Middleweight (−90 kg) | Yuri Panasenkov (RUS) | Ramin Gurbanov (AZE) | Zviad Gogotchuri (GEO) |
| | | Sherali Juraev (UZB) |
| Half-heavyweight (−100 kg) | Elkhan Mammadov (AZE) | Beka Berdzenishvili (GEO) | Dmytro Luchyn (UKR) |
| | | Aleksandre Mskhaladze (GEO) |
| Heavyweight (+100 kg) | Masaru Momose (JPN) | Soslan Bostanov (RUS) | Andrey Fatiyev (AZE) |

### Women's events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Extra-lightweight (−48 kg) | Ebru Şahin (TUR) | Vafa Eyvazova (AZE) |  |
| Half-lightweight (−52 kg) | Nodoka Tanimoto (JPN) | Gulshan Nazarova (AZE) | Turana Seyidi (AZE) |
| Lightweight (−57 kg) | Kifayat Gasimova (AZE) | Joliane Melançon (CAN) | Andrea Bekic (CRO) |
| | | Kudret Egilmez (TUR) |
| Half-middleweight (−63 kg) | Haruka Yasumatsu (JPN) | Ramila Yusubova (AZE) | Gemma Howell (GBR) |
| Middleweight (−70 kg) | Raša Sraka (SLO) | Kristina Marijanovic (CRO) | Gyunai Alimamedli (AZE) |
| | | Gulnoza Matniyazova (UZB) |
| Half-heavyweight (−78 kg) | Dursadaf Karimova (AZE) | Farida Gurbanova (AZE) |  |
| Heavyweight (+78 kg) | Irine Leonidze (GEO) | Ivana Maranić (CRO) | Gulnara Asadova (AZE) |

Source Results

### Medal table

*   Host nation (Azerbaijan)

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Azerbaijan (AZE)* | 6 | 5 | 8 | 19 |
| 2 | Japan (JPN) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| 3 | Georgia (GEO) | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 |
| 4 | Russia (RUS) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 5 | Turkey (TUR) | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 6 | Slovenia (SLO) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Croatia (CRO) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 8 | Uzbekistan (UZB) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 9 | Ukraine (UKR) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 10 | Canada (CAN) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 11 | Great Britain (GBR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Libya (LBA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (12 entries) | | 14 | 14 | 20 | 48 |

Source:

## InfoBox

| 2012 Judo Grand Prix Baku | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Baku, Azerbaijan |
| Dates | 5–6 May 2012 |
| Competitors | 92 from 15 nations |
| Competition at external databases | |
| Links | IJF  JudoInside |
|


title: Eskimaspis

abstract: Eskimaspis is an extinct monospecific genus of arthrodire placoderm fish from the Early Devonian period. The type species Eskimaspis heintzi was described in 1984, and was found in the Peel Sound Formation on Prince of Wales Island in Arctic Canada.

text:
# Eskimaspis

***Eskimaspis*** is an extinct monospecific genus of arthrodire placoderm fish from the Early Devonian period. The type species ***Eskimaspis heintzi*** was described in 1984, and was found in the Peel Sound Formation on Prince of Wales Island in Arctic Canada.

## Etymology

The generic name *Eskimaspis* was named after the aboriginal Eskimo people of the Canadian Arctic. The species name *heintzi* was named in honor of palaeontologist Anatol Heintz.

## Classification

*Eskimaspis* is one of the more basal members of the order Arthrodira, as shown in the cladogram below:

## InfoBox

| *Eskimaspis*
Temporal range: Early Devonian, | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Placodermi |
| Order: | Arthrodira |
| Genus: | *Eskimaspis*
Dineley & Yuhai, 1984 |
|
| Species | |
| * ***Eskimaspis heintzi*** Dineley & Yuhai, 1984 (type) | |


title: 18th Robert Awards

abstract: The 18th Robert Awards ceremony was held on 4 February 2001 in Copenhagen, Denmark. Organized by the Danish Film Academy, the awards honoured the best in Danish and foreign film of 2000.

text:
# 18th Robert Awards

The **18th Robert Awards** ceremony was held on 4 February 2001 in Copenhagen, Denmark. Organized by the Danish Film Academy, the awards honoured the best in Danish and foreign film of 2000.

## Honorees

### Best Danish Film

### Best Director

### Best Screenplay

### Best Actor in a Leading Role

### Best Actress in a Leading Role

### Best Actor in a Supporting Role

### Best Actress in a Supporting Role

### Best Cinematography

### Production Design

### Best Costume Design

### Best Makeup

### Best Special Effects

### Best Sound Design

### Best Editing

### Best Score

### Best Documentary Short

* *Den højeste straf* – Tómas Gislason

### Best Short Featurette

### Best Non-American Film

### Best American Film

### Audience Award

### Special Jury Prize (Short)

## InfoBox

| 18th Robert Awards | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 4 February 2001 (2001-02-04) |
| Organized by | Danish Film Academy |
| Highlights | |
| Best Film | *Bænken* |
| Most awards | *Dancer in the Dark* (5) |
| Most nominations | *Dancer in the Dark* (11) |
|


title: Apsey Brook

abstract: Apsey Brook is a settlement on Random Island in Trinity Bay. The post office closed on September 13, 1966. In 1911 the population was 50.

text:
# Apsey Brook

**Apsey Brook** is a settlement on Random Island in Trinity Bay. The post office closed on September 13, 1966. In 1911 the population was 50.

## InfoBox

| Apsey Brook | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Apsey BrookLocation within Newfoundland and LabradorApsey BrookLocation within Canada | |
| Coordinates: 48°09′43″N 53°50′38″W / 48.16194°N 53.84389°W / 48.16194; -53.84389 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Newfoundland and Labrador |
| Population (1911) | |
| Total | 50 |
| Time zone | UTC-3:30 (Newfoundland Time) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-2:30 (Newfoundland Daylight) |
| Area code | 709 |


title: Flying Instructors School (India)

abstract: The Flying Instructors School or FIS is a training institution of the Indian Air Force. The FIS trains operational pilots of the Indian Armed Forces and friendly foreign countries to be flying instructors. Pilots of the Indian Air Force, the Indian Army, the Indian Navy, Indian Coast Guard and friendly foreign countries join and graduate from the School as Qualified Flying Instructor. It is based at Air Force Station Tambaram, in the suburb of Chennai. The FIS conducts Qualified Flying Instructors Course and imparts Air and Ground training instructions to trainee pilots. The graduates of FIS are called as Qualified Flying Instructor.

text:
# Flying Instructors School (India)

The **Flying Instructors School** or **FIS** is a training institution of the Indian Air Force. The FIS trains operational pilots of the Indian Armed Forces and friendly foreign countries to be flying instructors. Pilots of the Indian Air Force, the Indian Army, the Indian Navy, Indian Coast Guard and friendly foreign countries join and graduate from the School as Qualified Flying Instructor. It is based at Air Force Station Tambaram, in the suburb of Chennai.

The FIS conducts Qualified Flying Instructors Course and imparts Air and Ground training instructions to trainee pilots. The graduates of FIS are called as Qualified Flying Instructor.

## History

The FIS was established on 1 April 1948 at Ambala Air Force Station. Flight Lieutenant L R D Blunt, VrC took over as the first Commanding Officer. The School moved from Ambala to Air Force Station Tambaram in 1954.

## Motto

The school's motto is **VIDYA DANEN VARDHATE**, a line from the Chanakya's ancient treatise Arthashastra. It means ***Knowledge when imparted multiplies***.

## InfoBox

Flying Instructors School
| Motto | विद्या दानॆन वर्धतॆ (Sanskrit) |
| --- | --- |
| Motto in English | Knowledge multiplies when disseminated |
| Established | 1948 |
| Commandant | Group Captain P P Mishra |
| Location | Tambaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India |
| Website | Flying Instructors School |


title: Avion Pirata

abstract: Avión Pirata is the name given by Bolivians to a Lockheed Constellation which mysteriously carried flights into El Trompillo Airport in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, during 1961. The airplane has remained in Bolivia since 1961, when it was forced to land by the Bolivian Air Force after a chase in which an Air Force Captain died in a crash. The airplane has become a tourist attraction, having undergone several changes of ownership, and has also become an urban legend among Bolivians.

text:
# Avion Pirata

***Avión Pirata*** (**Pirate Airplane**) is the name given by Bolivians to a Lockheed Constellation which mysteriously carried flights into El Trompillo Airport in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, during 1961. The airplane has remained in Bolivia since 1961, when it was forced to land by the Bolivian Air Force after a chase in which an Air Force Captain died in a crash.

The airplane has become a tourist attraction, having undergone several changes of ownership, and has also become an urban legend among Bolivians.

## The airplane

The airplane is a Lockheed Constellation with the registration N2520B, which at the time of the incident was registered to Lloyd Airlines of Miami, Florida (not to be confused with Lloyd Aereo Boliviano, the then flag-carrier of Bolivia). According to AeroTransport Data Bank the airplane was sold to a Brandon Anderson in 1958. The airplane had previously flown for Braniff International Airways and Trans American Airlines before being acquired by the Empire Supply Company in 1960, months before the incident happened. A model airplane of this aircraft exists, as Corgi Toys released a model of the Constellation under Braniff livery.

## The fateful flight

During some time before N2520B's final flight, Constellations had been conducting night flights to El Trompillo Airport. Locals believe that these transported goods to Buenos Aires, Argentina and Arica, Chile, among other destinations, from the United States, such as cigarettes, textiles, whiskey, socks, television sets and contraband items.

On Saturday, 29 July 1961, the airplane landed at El Trompillo Airport, and rested there until 30 July, when it took off southward. The plane's occupants had not filed a flight plan; instead they said they were carrying a practice-only flight. Immediately after take-off, Trompillo control tower alerted the Fuerza Aérea Boliviana, which sent P-51 Mustang fighters to chase it. The P-51 pilots and the control tower asked the plane's crew to fly to Cochabamba, but the crew ignored the request.

The P-51s then proceeded to shoot at the airplane, making the Constellation crew attempt an emergency landing at El Trompillo Airport. As the aircraft descended, the crew dived in a final attempt at getting the P-51's to call off their pursuit, causing one pilot, Captain Alberto Peredo Céspedes, to crash fatally. The Constellation itself landed at El Trompillo, and the crew members were arrested on site. The aircraft's tires were blown up and the local military airline, TAM, flew soldiers in from Cochabamba to prevent the airport from being overtaken by guerrillas.

## Crew trial

Following the incident, Bolivian President Víctor Paz Estenssoro ordered an investigation which yielded the arrest of 85 soldiers and dishonorable discharge of 130 more. Also arrested were pilots William Roy Robinson and William Friedman, co-pilot Salvatore Henrique Romano, flight engineer Bertrand Vinson and radio-man Gene Hawkins. The case and its investigation became known nationally in Bolivia as the *caso Constellation*.

The four Americans and one Brazilian (Henrique Romano) were charged with homicide, piracy, violation of international laws and contraband. After being incarcerated at Panóptico de La Paz jail, three of them were given provisional freedom and two were admitted into a local hospital under the supervision of American vice-consul in Bolivia at the time, Samuel Karp.

In November 1961, it was announced that the airplane's crew had escaped Bolivia. They were tried *in absentia*, and in 1967, the case's prosecutor asked for ten years of prison for each crew-member. Ultimately, none of the five men on the airplane returned to Bolivia and four of them remain at large.

Pilot William Roy Robinson died on 1 April 2010, aged 90, and is buried in the family cemetery, San Mateo, Florida.

## Airplane's fate

On 25 August 1961, a local judge assigned a Bolivian Air Force Commander as keeper of the airplane and the contents that it had during its last flight, as compensation for the P-51 lost during the plane's chase. But the La Paz district's customs department prevented this from actually taking place, and the plane became the property of the FAB's Military Aviation College instead. In 1979, the airplane was moved to Boris Banzer Prada Park at Uruguay avenue in Santa Cruz from El Trompillo airport, as it was given to Santa Cruz's city government, which decided to place it at barrio El Tao, where the park is located.

The plane was later transformed into a library, and it was later used as a Banco de Crédito de Bolivia branch after having fallen into disrepair and being restored. It has been used for advertisement purposes by Pepsi and Aerosur, the now-defunct major local airline. The airplane was reported by a television news show to be in disrepair late in 2014.

## InfoBox

| *Avión Pirata* | |
| --- | --- |
| *Avión Pirata* in Santa Cruz Bolivia, January 2014 | |
| General information | |
| Type | Lockheed 049-45 Constellation |
| Manufacturer | Lockheed Aircraft Corporation |
| Owners | previously Braniff International Airlines 8/55 - 11/60 |
| Construction number | 2081 |
| Registration | N2520B, previously YV-C-AME |
| History | |
| Last flight | 30 July 1961 |
| Preserved at | Boris Banzer Prada Park, Santa Cruz, Bolivia<br>17°46′32″S 63°10′26″W / 17.77565°S 63.17395°W / -17.77565; -63.17395 (Avion Pirata) |
| Fate | converted to a library and later a bank branch |


title: Erik Morón

abstract: Erik Morón Osinaga is a Bolivian economist and politician serving as substitute senator for Santa Cruz. A former member of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement —of which he was national leader from 2011 to 2016— he previously served as a plurinominal member of the Chamber of Deputies from Santa Cruz from 2015 to 2020 on behalf of the Democratic Unity coalition.

text:
# Erik Morón

**Erik Morón Osinaga** (born 25 May 1975) is a Bolivian economist and politician serving as substitute senator for Santa Cruz. A former member of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement of which he was national leader from 2011 to 2016 he previously served as a plurinominal member of the Chamber of Deputies from Santa Cruz from 2015 to 2020 on behalf of the Democratic Unity coalition.

## Early life and career

Erik Morón was born on 25 May 1975 in Santa Cruz de la Sierra. He belongs to one of the branches of the Sandoval Morón family, a clan that was influential in the historical structure of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR). He studied abroad in the United States where he graduated with a degree in economics from Florida Atlantic University before later receiving a master's degree in international business at Florida International University. Upon completing his education, he returned to settle in Bolivia where he dedicated himself to cattle ranching.

## Leader of the MNR

### Assumption and election

Morón's entry into politics coincided with the decline of the MNR in the wake of the abortive second term of the party's national leader, Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada. He served as the MNR's departmental leader in Santa Cruz, a region that, in the midst of the MNR's internal crisis, maintained a level of support for the party. By 2010, Morón had risen to become the MNR's first national deputy leader. While in this position, on 1 February 2011, he was appointed as the national leader of the MNR following the death of his predecessor, Franklin "Panka" Anaya.

In 2013, Morón sought to be elected to his own mandate as party leader. The selection process was fraught with controversy, with *MNRistas* from different departments coming to blows. Disputes ultimately culminated in the withdrawal of the delegates from Tarija, Oruro, and El Alto, resulting in just 105 of the 180 delegates from the nine departments participating in the election. After two hours of deliberations, Morón emerged as the winner with ninety-two votes in his favor. The quarrel over the leadership election fostered a deep internal rupture within the MNR, with opponents of Morón disregarding him and proclaiming Johnny Torres as their leader. The two separately, mutually claimed to be the legitimate heads of the party, even after the Plurinational Electoral Organ certified Torres as the government's officially recognized leader on 18 March 2014.

### Removal and expulsion

On 15 August 2016, the Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE) detected that, while the Court had since disregarded Torres and certified Morón as leader of the MNR, he was not registered as a member of that party but rather as a member of the Christian Democratic Party (PDC). According to uncovered records, Morón would have been appearing on PDC membership lists since 2002. Morón's spokesman assured that the signature appearing on the PDC's roster was fraudulent, an argument accepted by the TSE, which gave him ninety days to rectify the discrepancy. However, Morón failed to meet this deadline and his certification as leader of the MNR was consequently revoked by the TSE on 3 November. His elected successor, Luis Eduardo Siles, subsequently denounced him for committing acts of political transfuge and failing to fulfill party functions. On 31 October 2018, the TSE accepted the MNR's request to expel Morón from the party and remove him from its register of members.

## Chamber of Deputies

### Elections

#### 2005

Morón's first electoral campaign was in 2005, when he sought a seat in the Chamber of Deputies. The MNR presented him as a uninominal candidate in circumscription 51 (Santa Cruz de la Sierra). He ultimately came in fourth place, coming just shy of reaching ten percent of the vote.

#### 2014

The MNR entered the 2014 elections in the midst of an internal crisis and facing the possibility of losing its legal status if it did not achieve three percent of the vote. Though both Morón and Torres initially agreed to seal an alliance with the National Unity Front (UN), the decision of its leader, Samuel Doria Medina, to form the Democratic Unity (UD) coalition with the Social Democratic Movement without first consulting the MNR led the two competing leaders to once again split. While Torres' faction rejected UD and endorsed the Christian Democratic Party, Morón's faction maintained its support for Doria Medina.

### Tenure

The split in the MNR ultimately resulted in the party's failure to present itself in the 2014 elections. Nonetheless, its members penetrated the electoral lists of both the PDC and UD, including Morón, who was elected as a deputy under the UD acronym. Shortly after taking office, Morón announced that the MNR's five elected deputies from UD and two elected deputies from the PDC had decided to split from their respective groups and form a singular caucus. He stated that he and his colleagues "will not obey \[other leaders\], we have a party line, that of the MNR". In this way, the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement managed to once again attain national representation through entryism in other groups. The new caucus based itself in the Casa Rosada, the party's La Paz headquarters, because, having not been elected on its own list, it did not receive an office in the Legislative Assembly. The emergence of the MNR as a separate parliamentary bloc further fractured the already weak opposition. The party presented its own list of candidates for legislative commissions and, with the support of the ruling Movement for Socialism (MAS-IPSP), was elected to positions on four bodies, including the third secretariat of the Chamber of Deputies, which was granted to Morón. As a result, the opposition accused the MNR of forming an alliance with the MAS in order to attain higher positions in the legislature.

## Chamber of Senators

### Election

For the 2020 general election, the newly formed Creemos alliance postulated Morón as its candidate for third substitute senator for Santa Cruz alongside Gaby Peña. Though Creemos won the Santa Cruz Department, it only obtained a forty-five percent plurality of the vote, allowing it to win just two senators, thus leaving Peña and Morón unelected.

#### Appointment

On 21 January 2021, Zvonko Matkovic, first substitute senator for Santa Cruz alongside Centa Rek, submitted his resignation is order to present himself as a candidate for departmental assemblyman in the upcoming regional elections. As a result, José Antonio Chávez, Creemos' delegate before the Supreme Electoral Tribunal, requested that the TSE authorize and accredit Morón to fill the vacancy. Creemos considered that Morón, as the third on its list of candidates for substitute senator, was next in line to occupy the post. However, this was quickly challenged by Morón's former running mate, Peña, who asserted that, as she was a candidate for titular senator rather than substitute, she took priority over him. Though Peña filed an appeal with the TSE, it was noted that Morón already began exercising legislative functions prior to its ruling, as evidenced by attendance sheets from the Santa Cruz Parliamentary Brigade, which indicated his presence as early as its fourth session held on 19 February. The TSE ultimately ruled in favor of Morón on 26 March, though the resolution was not made public until almost a month later. Morón was officially sworn in on 28 April 2021.

### Tenure

Shortly after officially assuming office, Morón issued a letter to President of the Senate Andrónico Rodríguez requesting the convocation of a meeting between the minister of justice and the nine departmental governors with the aim of modifying Law N° 348 in order to combat rising cases of femicide in the country. On 28 September 2021, Morón introduced a bill that would impose harsher punishments on those found guilty of violent crimes such as murder or rape. It stipulated life imprisonment in cases of parricide, mariticide/uxoricide, or when the victim is a descendant or domestic partner of the accused. Additionally, it proposed chemical castration in cases of rape of minors under fourteen years of age.

## Electoral history

| Year | Office | Party | | Alliance | | Votes | | | Result | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Total | | % | P. || |
| 2005 | Deputy |  | Revolutionary Nationalist Movement | None | | 4,177 | 9.16% | 4th | Lost |  |
| 2011 | Leader |  | Revolutionary Nationalist Movement | None | | 92 | 87.62% | 1st | Won |  |
| 2014 | Deputy |  | Revolutionary Nationalist Movement |  | Democratic Unity | 506,704 | 39.82% | 2nd | Won |  |
| 2020 | Alt. Senator |  | Independent |  | Creemos | 717,742 | 45.07% | 1st | Lost |  |
| **Source:** Plurinational Electoral Organ | Electoral Atlas | | | | | | | | | | |

### Notes

### Footnotes

1. Romero Ballivián 2018, p. 395
2. Martínez, Emilio (3 April 2014). "Diario Las Américas dice que Erik Morón podría ser 'el Capriles de Bolivia'". *eju!* (in Spanish). Diario Las Américas. Archived from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022. He studied at the Florid Atlantic University (U.S.), where he graduated in Economics, later he completed his Master's in International Business at FIU (Florida International University, U.S.).
3. Written at La Paz. "Morón es el nuevo jefe del MNR". *Los Tiempos* (in Spanish). Cochabamba. 2 February 2011. Archived from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
4. "Movimientistas eligen a su jefe en medio de peleas". *Los Tiempos* (in Spanish). Cochabamba. 20 October 2013. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
5. "Erick Morón es el nuevo jefe nacional del MNR". *Opinión* (in Spanish). Cochabamba. Agencia de Noticias Fides. 19 October 2013. Archived from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
6. Ariñez, Rubén (9 April 2014). "MNR llega al 9 de abril dividido en dos frentes". *La Razón* (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
7. "Jefe nacional del MNR figura como militante del PDC". *Erbol | Archivo* (in Spanish). 15 August 2016. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
8. "TSE revoca del cargo de jefe nacional del MNR al diputado Erik Morón". *Agencia de Noticias Fides* (in Spanish). La Paz. 3 November 2016. Archived from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
9. Written at La Paz. "Luis Siles asume la jefatura del MNR en reemplazo de Erick Morón". *Los Tiempos* (in Spanish). Cochabamba. Agencia de Noticias Fides. 8 November 2016. Archived from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
10. Pereyra, Omar (13 November 2018). "TSE acepta la expulsión del diputado Erick Morón del MNR". *eju!* (in Spanish). Gigavisión. Archived from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
11. Mealla, Luis (4 July 2014). "MNR se aferra a lo que queda del Frente Amplio para seguir". *La Razón* (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
12. Pomacahua, Pamela (15 July 2014). "El TSE rechaza la alianza entre PDC y MNR, Tuto tendrá sólo apoyo moral de los rosados". *Oxígeno.bo* (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
13. Mealla, Luis (11 July 2014). "El MNR no participará en comicios de octubre". *La Razón* (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
14. Aguilar Agramont, Ricardo (25 January 2015). "La 'bancada' del MNR penetra en dos fuerzas opositoras". *La Razón* (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
15. Tedesqui, Marcelo (30 January 2015). "El MNR surge en la Asamblea y divide más a la oposición". *El Deber* (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
16. Vacaflor, Nancy (4 February 2015). "El MNR divide a la oposición y se desmarca de Unidad Demócrata". *Página Siete* (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
17. "Candidaturas habilitadas para las Elecciones Generales 2020 | Creemos" (PDF). *oep.org.bo* (in Spanish). La Paz: Plurinational Electoral Organ. 2020. p. 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
18. Zuazo, Aida (23 October 2020). "Creemos gana en seis de 15 provincias de Santa Cruz y domina la bancada cruceña". *El Deber* (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
19. "Zvonko Matkovic presentó su renuncia al cargo de senador suplente". *Erbol* (in Spanish). 21 January 2021. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
20. Written at La Paz. "En Creemos dos senadores disputan su habilitación; Peña denuncia violencia política". *Los Tiempos* (in Spanish). Cochabamba. Agencia de Noticias Fides. 2 May 2021. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
21. "Pugna por un curul de Creemos en el Senado puede llegar a instancias internacionales". *Maggy Talavera* (in Spanish). 20 April 2021. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
22. Pereyra, Omar (28 April 2021). "Erik Morón jura como senador y pide declarar alerta por los feminicidios en el país". *eju!* (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
23. "Creemos presenta proyecto de ley para castración química a violadores". *Página Siete* (in Spanish). La Paz. 28 September 2021. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
24. "Elecciones Generales 2005 | Atlas Electoral". *Plurinational Electoral Organ* (in Spanish). La Paz. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
25. "Elecciones Generales 2014 | Atlas Electoral". *Plurinational Electoral Organ* (in Spanish). La Paz. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
26. "Elecciones Generales 2020 | Atlas Electoral". *Plurinational Electoral Organ* (in Spanish). La Paz. Retrieved 25 January 2022.

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Erik Morón | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Substitute Senator for Santa Cruz | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
28 April 2021Serving with Paola Fernández, William Torrez, and María Muñoz | |
| Senator | Centa Rek |
| Preceded by | Zvonko Matkovic |
| Member of the Chamber of Deputies
from Santa Cruz | |
| **In office**
18 January 2015  3 November 2020 | |
| Substitute | Maida Dominguez Zabala |
| Constituency | Plurinominal |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Erik Morón Osinaga
(1975-05-25) 25 May 1975
Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia |
| Political party | Creemos (2020–present) |
| Other political
affiliations |  |
| Spouse | Zarella Poma |
| Children | 3 |
| Relatives | Marioly Morón (sister) |
| Alma mater | Florida Atlantic University (BA)
Florida International University College of Business (MBA) |
|  | |