title: Avero House

abstract: The Avero House is a historic house located at 41 St. George Street in St. Augustine, Florida, United States. The building is locally significant as one of 30 remaining houses within the historic district that pre-date 1821. It was once the site of a Minorcan Chapel. Today, the building is home to the St. Photios Greek Orthodox National Shrine.

text:
# Avero House

The **Avero House** is a historic house located at 41 St. George Street in St. Augustine, Florida, United States. The building is locally significant as one of 30 remaining houses within the historic district that pre-date 1821. It was once the site of a Minorcan Chapel. Today, the building is home to the **St. Photios Greek Orthodox National Shrine**.

## Description and history

The Avero House is a two-story rectangular block with an open loggia on the southeastern portion of the lot. The walls are made of coquina stone laid in roughly horizontal courses with lime mortar, which are plastered both inside and outside. At the flat roof, there are several copper scuppers.

Although the house was apparently built around 1749, the first detailed information on its layout does not appear until a map from 1763, which depicts it as having a U-shaped floor plan.

The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of North and South America purchased the building in 1966 and restored the house to its 1730s appearance. Today the house is open to the public as the St. Photios Greek Orthodox National Shrine, dedicated to the first colony of Greek people who came to America in 1768. The Shrine includes the St. Photios Chapel which features Byzantine iconography, the relics of 18 saints of the Early Church, and a museum with a permanent exhibit about the life of early Greek settlers as well as temporary exhibits that are changed out annually.

The Avero House was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on June 13, 1972.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Avero House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 41 St. George Street, St. Augustine, Florida |
| Coordinates | 29°53′47″N 81°18′47″W / 29.896341°N 81.313044°W / 29.896341; -81.313044 |
| Built | 1749 |
| NRHP reference No. | 72001459 |
| Added to NRHP | June 13, 1972 |


abstract: The following article is a summary of the 2015 Indonesia national football team results

text:
# 2015 Indonesia national football team results

The following article is a summary of the **2015 Indonesia national football team results**

## Men's Senior Football Team

### Record

| Competition | GP | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification /
2019 AFC Asian Cup qualification | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| **Total** | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

### Managers of 2015

Included just matches against country.

| Name | Nat | Period | Matches | Wins | Draws | Losses | Honours |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Benny Dollo (Interim) |  | February 2015 - March 2015 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 |  |
| Peter Huistra (Interim) |  | May 2015 - September 2015 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
|

### Goal scorers

| Player | Goals |
| --- | --- |
| Cristian Gonzáles | 1 |
| Raphael Maitimo | 1 |

### Fixtures and results

#### Friendly Matches

##### International Friendly

| 25 March 2015 | **Indonesia** | **0–1** | **Cameroon** | Sidoarjo, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 |  | Report | Aboubakar  36' | Stadium: Gelora Delta Stadium
Referee: Phùng Đình Dũng (Vietnam) |

| 30 March 2015 | **Indonesia** | **2–1** | **Myanmar** | Sidoarjo, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 | Maitimo  61'
Gonzáles  74' | Report | David Htan  87' | Stadium: Gelora Delta Stadium
Attendance: 14,000
Referee: Nagor Amir bin Mohamed (Malaysia) |

##### Non-International Friendly (against clubs)

## Men's under-23 Football Team

### Record

| Competition | GP | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 AFC U-23 Championship qualification | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 4 | +3 |
| 2015 Southeast Asian Games | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 5 | +5 |
| **Total** | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 17 | 9 | +8 |

### Managers of 2015

Included just matches against country.

| Name | Nat | Period | Matches | Wins | Draws | Losses | Honours |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Aji Santoso |  | January 2014 – June 2015 | 11 | 6 | 1 | 4 |  |
|

### Goal scorers

| Player | Goals |
| --- | --- |
| Evan Dimas | 5 |
| Muchlis Hadi Ning Syaifulloh | 5 |
| Ahmad Noviandani | 3 |
| Manahati Lestusen | 2 |
| Wawan Febrianto | 2 |
| Abduh Lestaluhu | 1 |
| Adam Alis Setyano | 1 |
| Hansamu Yama | 1 |
| Paulo Sitanggang | 1 |
|

### Fixtures and results

#### Friendly Matches

##### International Friendly

| 10 February 2015 | **Indonesia** | **1–1** | **Syria** | Sidoarjo, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 UTC+7 | Lestusen  15' (pen.) | Report | Al Bahr  12' | Stadium: Gelora Delta Stadium |

| 14 February 2015 | **Indonesia** | **0–3** | **Syria** | Sidoarjo, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:45 UTC+7 |  | Report | Kalfa  11'
Wesam  69', 80' | Stadium: Gelora Delta Stadium |

| 17 February 2015 | **Indonesia** | **1–0** | **Malaysia** | Sidoarjo, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:45 UTC+7 | Sitanggang  36' |  |  | Stadium: Gelora Delta Stadium |

| 8 March 2015 | **Vietnam** | **1–0** | **Indonesia** | Hanoi, Vietnam |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:00 UTC+7 | Võ Huy Toàn  74' | Report |  | Stadium: Mỹ Đình National Stadium |

| 21 May 2015 | **Indonesia** | **1–0** | **Malaysia** | Bandung, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 UTC+7 | Wawan  36' | Report |  | Stadium: Si Jalak Harupat Stadium
Attendance: 0 |

Notes 1. Match Indonesia U-23 vs Malaysia U-23 decided there was no audience, because it can not permit police.

##### Non-International Friendly

| 4 January 2015 | **Indonesia** | **0–0** | **Martapura** | Depok, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 UTC+7 |  | Report |  | Stadium: National Youth Training Centre |

| 5 February 2015 | **Indonesia** | **4–1** | **Indonesia U-19 former** | Sidoarjo, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Rahadian  6', 14'
Bayauw  24'
Adam  51' | Report | Drajad  48' | Stadium: Gelora Delta Stadium |

| 7 February 2015 | **Indonesia** | **3–1** | **Pra-PON Jatim** | Sidoarjo, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 07:05 UTC+7 | Hansamu  19'
Febrianto  23'
Anthony  49' | Report | Ridho  27' | Stadium: Gelora Delta Stadium |

| 17 March 2015 | **PS Badung** | **0–1** | **Indonesia** | Badung, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report | Muchlis  83' | Stadium: Gelora Samudra Kuta Stadium |

| 16 May 2015 | **Indonesia** | **6–0** | **Persigar Garut** | West Bandung, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Pahabol  16', 24', 27'
Evan  41'
Armaiyn  46'
Yandi  68' | Report |  | Stadium: Football Plus Arena Parongpong Field |

##### 2016 AFC U-23 Championship qualification

##### Group H

| 27 March 2015 | **Indonesia** | **5–0** | **East Timor** | Jakarta, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:00 | Adam  17'
Lestusen  45+1' (pen.)
Evan  51'
Zulfiandi  56'
Muchlis  66'
Hansamu  86' | Report |  | Stadium: Gelora Bung Karno Stadium
Attendance: 3,412
Referee: Mohammed Abdulla Hassan Mohamed (United Arab Emirates) |

| 29 March 2015 | **Brunei** | **0–2** | **Indonesia** | Jakarta, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 |  | Report | Noviandani  70'
Muchlis  87' | Stadium: Gelora Bung Karno Stadium
Attendance: 6,454
Referee: Aziz Asimov (Uzbekistan) |

| 31 March 2015 | **South Korea** | **4–0** | **Indonesia** | Jakarta, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Jung Seung-hyun  52'
Lee Chan-dong  71'
Kim Seung-jun  83'
Lee Chang-min  87' | Report |  | Stadium: Gelora Bung Karno Stadium
Attendance: 16,422
Referee: Mohammed Abdulla Hassan Mohamed (United Arab Emirates) |

##### 2015 Southeast Asian Games

##### Group A

| 2 June 2015 | **Myanmar** | **4–2** | **Indonesia** | Kallang, Singapore |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:30 UTC+8 | Shine Thura  21'
Sithu Aung  38', 54'
Kyaw Zin Lwin  66' | Report\[usurped\] | Lestaluhu  45+2'
Noviandani  70' | Stadium: Jalan Besar Stadium
Referee: Kim Hee-gon (South Korea) |

| 6 June 2015 | **Indonesia** | **6–1** | **Cambodia** | Kallang, Singapore |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:30 UTC+8 | Muchlis  12', 68', 74'
Noviandani  37'
Wawan  85' Evan  90+3' | Report\[usurped\] | Udom  56' (pen.) | Stadium: Jalan Besar Stadium
Referee: Turki Al-Khudhayr Saudi Arabia |

| 9 June 2015 | **Indonesia** | **2–0** | **Philippines** | Kallang, Singapore |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:30 UTC+8 | Evan  3', 13' | Report\[usurped\] |  | Stadium: Jalan Besar Stadium
Referee: Aziz Asimov (Uzbekistan) |

| 11 June 2015 | **Singapore** | **0–1** | **Indonesia** | Kallang, Singapore |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:30 UTC+8 |  | Report\[usurped\] | Evan  47' | Stadium: Jalan Besar Stadium
Referee: Kim Hee-gon (South Korea) |

##### Semi-final

| 13 June 2015 | **Thailand** | **5–0** | **Indonesia** | Kallang, Singapore |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:30 UTC+8 | Rungrath  13', 51'
Thitipan  29'
Narubadin  57'
Chanathip  89' | Report\[usurped\] |  | Stadium: National Stadium
Referee: Hiroyuki Kimura (Japan) |

#### Bronze medal match

| 15 June 2015 | **Vietnam** | **5–0** | **Indonesia** | Kallang, Singapore |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:00 UTC+8 | Mạc Hồng Quân  14' (pen.)
Võ Huy Toàn  21', 24'
Nguyễn Hữu Dũng  45+1'
Quế Ngọc Hải  71' | Report\[usurped\] |  | Stadium: National Stadium
Referee: Khamis Al-Kuwari (Qatar) |

## Men's under-19 Football Team

### Record

| Competition | GP | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 AFF U-19 Youth Championship | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| **Total** | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

### Managers of 2015

Included just matches against country.

| Name | Nat | Period | Matches | Wins | Draws | Losses | Honours |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Fachry Husaini |  | December 2014 – June 2015 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
|

### Goal scorers

| Player | Goals |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |

### Fixtures and results

#### Friendly Matches

##### International Friendly

##### Non-International Friendly (against clubs)

Source:

| 15 February 2015 | **Indonesia** | **15–2** | **Persitangsel Tangerang Selatan** | Depok, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: National Youth Training Centre |

| 25 February 2015 | **Persib Bandung U-21** | **0–2** | **Indonesia** | Bandung, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report | Lastori  40'
Asmuruf  59' | Stadium: Siliwangi Stadium |

| 2 March 2015 | **Indonesia** | **3–1** | **Jember United** | Karawang, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Rizki  21', 47'
Riyanto  40' | Report | Kurniawan  88' | Stadium: Singaperbangsa Stadium |

| 6 March 2015 | **Indonesia** | **2–1** | **Semen Padang U-21** | Karawang Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Lastor  4'
Asmuruf  31' | Twitter Report | Afandi  72' | Stadium: Singaperbangsa Stadium
Referee: Hadiyana |

## Men's under-17 Football Team

### Record

| Competition | GP | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 AFF U-16 Youth Championship | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| **Total** | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

### Managers of 2015

Included just matches against country.

| Name | Nat | Period | Matches | Wins | Draws | Losses | Honours |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Fachry Husaini |  | March 2014 – June 2015 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 |  |
|

### Goal scorers

| Player | Goals |
| --- | --- |
| Egy Maulana Fikry | 2 |

### Fixtures and results

#### Friendly Matches

##### International Friendly

| 15 April 2015 | **Indonesia** | **2–1** | **Japan** | Bogor, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Egy  18', 73' | Report | ??  38' | Stadium: Lapangan Padepokan Voli |

| 17 April 2015 | **Indonesia** | **0–3** | **Japan** | Bogor, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 |  | Report |

 | Stadium: Lapangan Padepokan Voli |

##### Non-International Friendly (against clubs)

Source:

| 27 February 2015 | **Indonesia** | **4–2** | **Persib Bandung U-16** | Bandung, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Egy  47' (pen.)
Mandowen  68', 85'
Yusran  73' | Report | Dimas  58' (pen.)
Beckham  78' (pen.) | Stadium: Siliwangi Stadium |

| 28 February 2015 | **Indonesia** | **1–3** | **Persib Bandung U-16** | Bandung, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Ferdian  46' | Report | Beckham  ??', 79'
Panji  70' | Stadium: Lapangan Progresif |

| 9 March 2015 | **Indonesia** | **4–4** | **Semen Padang U-16** | Karawang, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Singaperbangsa Stadium |

##### 2015 AFF U-16 Youth Championship

## Women's Senior Football Team

### Record

| Competition | GP | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 AFF Women's Championship | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 19 | -18 |
| **Total** | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 19 | -18 |

### Managers of 2015

Included just matches against country.

| Name | Nat | Period | Matches | Wins | Draws | Losses | Honours |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Rully Nere |  | March 2015 – June 2015 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 |  |
|

### Goal scorers

| Player | Goals |
| --- | --- |
| Erma Novela Sabatin Karafir | 1 |

### Fixtures and results

#### Friendly Matches

##### International Friendly

##### Non-International Friendly (against clubs)

| 11 April 2015 | **Indonesia** | **0–7** | **Putra Pelita Jaya U-15** | Depok, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: National Youth Training Centre |

| 25 April 2015 | **Indonesia** | **1–4** | **Blue Eagles** | Depok, Indonesia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report |  | Stadium: National Youth Training Centre |

##### 2015 AFF Women's Championship

Group A

| 1 May 2015 | **Indonesia** | **0–2** | **Laos** | Thống Nhất Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:30 |  | Report | Soukpanhya  10'
Angmansongsa  47' (pen.) | Attendance: 10
Referee: Patchaya Boonprasit (Thailand) |

| 3 May 2015 | **Indonesia** | **1–10** | **Thailand** | Thống Nhất Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:30 | Karafir  82' | Report | Romyen  5', 39', 45'
Maijarern  30', 37'
Khueanpet  53'
Boothduang  59'
Rukpinij  66'
Seesraum  75'
Srimanee  87' | Attendance: 10
Referee: Thein Thein Aye (Myanmar) |

| 5 May 2015 | **Australia U-20** | **7–0** | **Indonesia** | Thống Nhất Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:30 | Baker  9', 29'
Ibini  26'
Condon  32', 60'
Chidiac  42'
Price  56' | Report |  | Attendance: 90
Referee: Seinn Cho Aung (Myanmar) |

## InfoBox

2015 Indonesia national football team results
| 2015 season | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |


abstract: United States gubernatorial elections were held in 1946, in 34 states, concurrent with the House and Senate elections, on November 5, 1946. Elections took place on September 9 in Maine. In Idaho, the governor was elected to a 4-year term for the first time, instead of a 2-year term. In New Jersey, this was the last election on a 3-year cycle, before switching to a 4-year term for governors from 1949.

text:
# 1946 United States gubernatorial elections

**United States gubernatorial elections** were held in 1946, in 34 states, concurrent with the House and Senate elections, on November 5, 1946. Elections took place on September 9 in Maine.

In Idaho, the governor was elected to a 4-year term for the first time, instead of a 2-year term. In New Jersey, this was the last election on a 3-year cycle, before switching to a 4-year term for governors from 1949.

## Results

| State | Incumbent | Party | Status | Opposing candidates |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| **Alabama** | Chauncey Sparks | Democratic | Term-limited, Democratic victory | **Jim Folsom** (Democratic) 88.67%
Lyman Ward (Republican) 11.33%
 |
| **Arizona** | **Sidney Preston Osborn** | Democratic | Re-elected, 60.10% | Bruce Brockett (Republican) 39.90%
 |
| **Arkansas** | **Benjamin Travis Laney** | Democratic | Re-elected, 84.14% | W. T. Mills (Republican) 15.86%
 |
| **California** | **Earl Warren** | Republican | Re-elected, 91.64% | Henry R. Schmidt (Prohibition) 7.06%
Archie Brown (write-in) (Communist) 0.88%
James Roosevelt (write-in) (Democratic) 0.13%
Robert W. Kenny (Independent) 0.06%
Albert Clark (Independent) 0.03%
 |
| **Colorado** | John Charles Vivian | Republican | Retired, Democratic victory | **William Lee Knous** (Democratic) 52.11%
Leon E. Lavington (Republican) 47.89%
 |
| **Connecticut** | Raymond E. Baldwin | Republican | Retired to run for U.S. Senate, Republican victory | **James L. McConaughy** (Republican) 54.38%
Charles Wilbert Snow (Democratic) 40.41%
Jasper McLevy (Socialist) 4.72%
Herman N. Simon (Socialist Labor) 0.50%
 |
| **Georgia** | Ellis Arnall | Democratic | Term-limited, Democratic victory | **Eugene Talmadge** (Democratic) 98.54%
Herman Talmadge (write-in) (Democratic) 0.46%
James V. Carmichael (write-in) (Democratic) 0.46%
D. Talmadge Bowers (write-in) (Independent) 0.44%
Ellis Arnall (write-in) (Democratic) 0.08%
Scattering 0.01%

(Democratic primary results)
Eugene Talmadge 42.96% (244)
James V. Carmichael 45.30% (144)
Eurith D. Rivers 10.04% (22)
Hoke O’Kelley 1.70%
 |
| **Idaho** | Arnold Williams | Democratic | Defeated, 43.63% | **C. A. Robins** (Republican) 56.37%
 |
| **Iowa** | **Robert D. Blue** | Republican | Re-elected, 57.40% | Frank Miles (Democratic) 42.14%
E. P. Gabriel (Prohibition) 0.46%
 |
| **Kansas** | Andrew Frank Schoeppel | Republican | Retired, Republican victory | **Frank Carlson** (Republican) 53.50%
Harry Hines Woodring (Democratic) 44.02%
David C. White (Prohibition) 2.17%
Harry Graber (Socialist) 0.32%
 |
| **Maine** | **Horace Hildreth** | Republican | Re-elected, 61.31% | F. Davis Clark (Democratic) 38.69%
 |
| **Maryland** | Herbert O'Conor | Democratic | Retired to run for U.S. Senate, Democratic victory | **William Preston Lane Jr.** (Democratic) 54.73%
Theodore McKeldin (Republican) 45.27%
 |
| **Massachusetts** | Maurice J. Tobin | Democratic | Defeated, 45.31% | **Robert F. Bradford** (Republican) 54.12%
Horace I. Hillis (Socialist Labor) 0.42%
Guy S. Williams (Prohibition) 0.14%
 |
| **Michigan** | Harry Kelly | Republican | Retired, Republican victory | **Kim Sigler** (Republican) 60.28%
Murray Van Wagoner (Democratic) 38.70%
Gordon Phillips (Prohibition) 0.72%
James Sim (Socialist Labor) 0.30%
 |
| **Minnesota** | Edward John Thye | Republican | Retired to run for U.S. Senate, Republican victory | **Luther Youngdahl** (Republican) 58.96%
Harold H. Barker (DFL) 39.71%
Rudolph Gustafson (Industrial Government) 1.33%
 |
| **Nebraska** | Dwight Griswold | Republican | Retired to run for U.S. Senate, Republican victory | **Val Peterson** (Republican) 65.51%
Frank Sorrell (Democratic) 34.49%
 |
| **Nevada** | **Vail M. Pittman** | Democratic | Re-elected, 57.42% | Melvin E. Jepson (Republican) 42.58%
 |
| **New Hampshire** | **Charles M. Dale** | Republican | Re-elected, 63.14% | F. Clyde Keefe (Democratic) 36.86%
 |
| **New Jersey** | Walter Evans Edge | Republican | Term-limited, Republican victory | **Alfred E. Driscoll** (Republican) 57.08%
Lewis G. Hansen (Democratic) 41.42%
Alan Kohlman (Socialist Workers) 0.69%
Lawrence Mahan (Communist) 0.29%
Rubye Smith (Socialist) 0.16%
Robert L. Gittings (Independent) 0.15%
George E. Bopp (Socialist Labor) 0.10%
John Binns (Prohibition) 0.10%
 |
| **New Mexico** | John J. Dempsey | Democratic | Retired to run for U.S. Senate, Republican victory | **Thomas J. Mabry** (Democratic) 52.70%
Edward L. Safford (Republican) 47.30%
 |
| **New York** | **Thomas E. Dewey** | Republican | Re-elected, 56.92% | James M. Mead (Democratic) 43.08%
 |
| **North Dakota** | **Fred G. Aandahl** | Republican | Re-elected, 68.88% | Quentin Burdick (Democratic) 31.12%
 |
| **Ohio** | Frank Lausche | Democratic | Defeated, 48.88% | **Thomas J. Herbert** (Republican) 50.64%
Arla A. Albaugh (Socialist Labor) 0.49%
 |
| **Oklahoma** | Robert S. Kerr | Democratic | Term-limited, Democratic victory | **Roy J. Turner** (Democratic) 52.47%
Olney F. Flynn (Republican) 45.98%
Mildred “Mickey” Harrell (Independent) 1.45%
R. M. Funk (Independent) 0.05%
Bruno H. Miller (Independent) 0.05%
 |
| **Oregon** | **Earl Snell** | Republican | Re-elected, 69.06% | Carl C. Donaugh (Democratic) 30.94%
 |
| **Pennsylvania** | Edward Martin | Republican | Term-limited, Republican victory | **James H. Duff** (Republican) 58.53%
John S. Rice (Democratic) 40.68%
James Killip (Prohibition) 0.44%
George S. Taylor (Socialist Labor) 0.34%
 |
| **Rhode Island** | **John Pastore** | Democratic | Re-elected, 54.27% | John G. Murphy (Republican) 45.73%
 |
| **South Carolina** | Ransome Judson Williams | Democratic | Defeated in Democratic primary, Democratic victory | **Strom Thurmond** (Democratic) unopposed

(Democratic primary run-off results)
Strom Thurmond 56.95%
James C. McLeod 43.05%
 |
| **South Dakota** | Merrell Q. Sharpe | Republican | Defeated in Republican primary, Republican victory | **George Theodore Mickelson** (Republican) 67.16%
Richard Haeder (Democratic) 32.84%
 |
| **Tennessee** | **Jim Nance McCord** | Democratic | Re-elected, 65.35% | W. O. Lowe (Republican) 31.91%
John Randolph Neal Jr. (Independent) 2.74%
 |
| **Texas** | Coke R. Stevenson | Democratic | Retired, Democratic victory | **Beauford H. Jester** (Democratic) 91.23%
Eugene Nolte (Republican) 8.77%
 |
| **Vermont** | Mortimer R. Proctor | Republican | Defeated in Republican primary, Republican victory | **Ernest W. Gibson Jr.** (Republican) 80.30%
Berthold C. Coburn (Democratic) 19.57%
Scattering 0.14%
 |
| **Wisconsin** | **Walter Samuel Goodland** | Republican | Re-elected, 59.78% | Daniel Hoan (Democratic) 39.07%
Walter H. Uphoff (Socialist) 0.87%
Sigmund Eisenscher (Communist) 0.18%
Jerry Kenyon (Socialist Labor) 0.09%
Scattering 0.02%
 |
| **Wyoming** | **Lester C. Hunt** | Democratic | Re-elected, 52.88% | Earl Wright (Republican) 47.12%
 |

1. "AL Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
2. "AZ Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
3. "AR Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
4. Warren also won the Democratic nomination by cross-filing
5. "CA Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
6. "CO Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
7. "CT Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
8. "GA Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
9. "GA Governor, 1946 – D Primary". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
10. "ID Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
11. "IA Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
12. "KS Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
13. "ME Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
14. "MD Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
15. "MA Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
16. "MI Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
17. "MN Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
18. "NE Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
19. "NV Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
20. "NH Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
21. "NJ Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
22. "NM Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
23. "NY Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
24. "ND Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
25. "OH Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
26. "OK Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
27. "OR Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
28. "PA Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
29. "RI Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
30. "SC Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
31. "SC Governor, 1948 – D Runoff". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
32. "SD Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
33. "TN Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
34. "TX Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
35. "VT Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
36. "WI Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
37. "WY Governor, 1946". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 3 March 2019.

## InfoBox

1946 United States gubernatorial elections
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  34 governorships | |
| Majority party Minority party   Party Republican Democratic  Seats before 22 **26**  Seats after **25** 23  Seat change 3 3  Seats up 17 17  Seats won **20** 14 | |
| ---  Democratic hold      Democratic gain
Republican hold      Republican gain
No election | |


title: Eric Winter (illustrator)

abstract: Eric Winter was a children's illustrator, most notable for his contributions to Ladybird books. Before his work for Ladybird Books, he worked on commission, producing work for Eagle, Swift and Girl magazines.

text:
# Eric Winter (illustrator)

**Eric Winter** (15 May 1905  1981) was a children's illustrator, most notable for his contributions to Ladybird books. Before his work for Ladybird Books, he worked on commission, producing work for *Eagle*, *Swift* and *Girl* magazines.

1. "Eric Winter biography at The Wee Web Ladybird Website". Archived from the original on 30 August 2010. Retrieved 2008-05-19.
2. "The Ladybird Adventurers and the Eagle". Retrieved 19 May 2008.

## InfoBox

| Eric Winter | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1905-05-15)15 May 1905 |
| Died | 1981 |
| Occupation | Illustrator |


title: 1994 Ecuadorian parliamentary election

text:
# 1994 Ecuadorian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Ecuador on 1 June 1994. Only the district members of the House of Representatives were elected. The Social Christian Party emerged as the largest party, winning 23 of the 65 seats up for election.

## Results

| Party | | Votes | % | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Social Christian Party | 810,846 | 26.36 | 23 |
|  | Ecuadorian Roldosist Party | 516,268 | 16.78 | 10 |
|  | Democratic Left | 306,272 | 9.96 | 6 |
|  | Democratic People's Movement | 253,760 | 8.25 | 7 |
|  | Popular Democracy | 253,122 | 8.23 | 5 |
|  | Ecuadorian Revolutionary Popular Action | 183,383 | 5.96 | 2 |
|  | Conservative Party | 172,725 | 5.61 | 6 |
|  | Alfarista Radical Front | 144,508 | 4.70 | 1 |
|  | Republican Union Party | 120,096 | 3.90 | 1 |
|  | Socialist Party | 98,248 | 3.19 | 0 |
|  | Concentration of People's Forces | 67,433 | 2.19 | 2 |
|  | Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party | 61,412 | 2.00 | 1 |
|  | UDPFADI | 30,103 | 0.98 | 0 |
|  | National Liberation | 27,174 | 0.88 | 1 |
|  | Latin American People's Union | 17,445 | 0.57 | 0 |
|  | People, Change, Democracy | 11,044 | 0.36 | 0 |
|  | Assad Bucaram Party | 2,523 | 0.08 | 0 |
| Total | | 3,076,362 | 100.00 | 65 |
|  | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 3,076,362 | 76.06 |  |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 968,071 | 23.94 |  |
| Total votes | | 4,044,433 | 100.00 |  |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 6,175,991 | 65.49 |  |
| Source: Nohlen, Hoy | | | | |


title: Faisi

abstract: Faisi is a small island in the Western Province of Solomon Islands. The island is a part of the Shortland Islands archipelago.

text:
# Faisi

7°4′20″S 155°52′10″E / 7.07222°S 155.86944°E / -7.07222; 155.86944 (Faisi Island) **Faisi** is a small island in the Western Province of Solomon Islands. The island is a part of the Shortland Islands archipelago.

## Geography

Faisi is located near Shortland Island and lies 18 miles northeast of the Treasury Islands. The island is of rectangular shape and measures 1.3 km long and 350 m wide, and does not rise much above sea level. The estimated terrain elevation above sea level is some 26 metres.

## History

Germany claimed Faisi Island and kept it within German New Guinea but never developed the island. In 1899, along with the north of the Solomon Archipelago down as far as Isabel Island, Faisi was transferred to the British Solomon Islands Protectorate.

On June 7, 1895, Nicholas Tindal purchased the island from the German New Guinea Company for 600 Reichsmark as a wedding gift to his wife, Minnie Thursa Louise McDonald, whom he married that year. The couple established a trade store on the island and developed a freehold plantation there (1899–1903). They also built a family home on the southern tip of the island, as well as a trade store and copra-drying facility. They had two children born on the island, and it is likely these were the first Europeans born in the Shortlands. Later, the family mortgaged their plantations to Burns Philp & Co. that further developed Faisi Island into a trading post and build quarters for plantation workers along the eastern coast. When Nicholas Tindal died on his journey to Sydney on January 4, 1901, the company paid off the family's debts and completely acquired Faisi Island for 1,000 pounds on December 31, 1906. In those years the island already possessed a mature and productive copra plantations and had an excellent harbor and anchorage area. The company also improved a dock.

## World War II

The former Tindal family home and other buildings continued to be used as a trading store until the start of the Pacific War in early 1942. At the start of the war, the British government ordered all European inhabitants to be evacuated by boat from the Solomon Islands. Faisi Island was first island in the Solomons which was occupied by Japanese forces. Faisi became the headquarters for the Japanese 8th Fleet, and some five thousand soldiers were garrisoned there. The Allies considered invading in August 1943 but chose instead to bypass the Shortlands for Bougainville and the Treasury Islands, so the Japanese controlled the Shortland Islands until the war's end. After the war, the Shortland Islands were re-established as a leading copra producing area. Today, the Faisi Island is uninhabited.


title: 1977 United Kingdom local elections

abstract:
Local elections were held in the United Kingdom in 1977. The results were a major mid-term setback for the Labour government, and the Conservatives, the main opposition, comprehensively regained control of the Greater London Council with 64 seats against Labour's 28. Elections were also held in the county councils and in Northern Ireland. The Conservative Party gained 1,293 seats, bringing their number of councillors to 12,370. The Labour Party lost 1,098 seats, leaving them with 7,115 councillors. The Liberal Party lost 163 seats, leaving them with 950 councillors. Changes were as follows:
  - Conservative gain from no overall control - Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Cumbria, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, Warwickshire, Wiltshire, Worcestershire
  - Conservative gain from Labour - Derbyshire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Staffordshire
  - Conservative gain from Independent - Isle of Wight

text:
# 1977 United Kingdom local elections

**Local elections were held in the United Kingdom in 1977.** The results were a major mid-term setback for the Labour government, and the Conservatives, the main opposition, comprehensively regained control of the Greater London Council with 64 seats against Labour's 28. Elections were also held in the county councils and in Northern Ireland.

The Conservative Party gained 1,293 seats, bringing their number of councillors to 12,370. The Labour Party lost 1,098 seats, leaving them with 7,115 councillors. The Liberal Party lost 163 seats, leaving them with 950 councillors.

Changes were as follows:

* Conservative gain from no overall control - Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Cumbria, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, Warwickshire, Wiltshire, Worcestershire
* Conservative gain from Labour - Derbyshire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Staffordshire
* Conservative gain from Independent - Isle of Wight

## Summary of results

## England

### Unicameral area

| Council | Previous control | | Result | | Details |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Greater London |  | Labour |  | Conservative gain | Details |

### Metropolitan county councils

| Council | Previous control | | Result | | Details |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Greater Manchester |  | Labour |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| Merseyside |  | Labour |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| South Yorkshire |  | Labour |  | Labour hold | Details |
| Tyne and Wear |  | Labour |  | Labour hold | Details |
| West Midlands |  | Labour |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| West Yorkshire |  | Labour |  | Conservative gain | Details |

### Non-metropolitan county councils

| Council | Previous control | | Result | | Details |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Avon |  | No overall control |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| Bedfordshire |  | No overall control |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| Berkshire |  | No overall control |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| Buckinghamshire |  | Conservative |  | Conservative hold | Details |
| Cambridgeshire |  | No overall control |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| Cheshire |  | No overall control |  | No overall control hold | Details |
| Cleveland |  | Labour |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| Cornwall |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |
| Cumbria |  | No overall control |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| Derbyshire |  | Labour |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| Devon |  | Conservative |  | Conservative hold | Details |
| Dorset |  | Conservative |  | Conservative hold | Details |
| Durham |  | Labour |  | Labour hold | Details |
| East Sussex |  | Conservative |  | Conservative hold | Details |
| Essex |  | Conservative |  | Conservative hold | Details |
| Gloucestershire |  | No overall control |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| Hampshire |  | No overall control |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| Hereford and Worcester |  | No overall control |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| Hertfordshire |  | No overall control |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| Humberside |  | Labour |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| Isle of Wight |  | Independent |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| Kent |  | Conservative |  | Conservative hold | Details |
| Lancashire |  | Conservative |  | Conservative hold | Details |
| Leicestershire |  | No overall control |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| Lincolnshire |  | No overall control |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| Norfolk |  | Conservative |  | Conservative hold | Details |
| North Yorkshire |  | No overall control |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| Northamptonshire |  | Labour |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| Northumberland |  | No overall control |  | No overall control hold | Details |
| Nottinghamshire |  | Labour |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| Oxfordshire |  | Conservative |  | Conservative hold | Details |
| Salop |  | No overall control |  | No overall control hold | Details |
| Somerset |  | Conservative |  | Conservative hold | Details |
| Staffordshire |  | Labour |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| Suffolk |  | Conservative |  | Conservative hold | Details |
| Surrey |  | Conservative |  | Conservative hold | Details |
| Warwickshire |  | No overall control |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| West Sussex |  | Conservative |  | Conservative hold | Details |
| Wiltshire |  | No overall control |  | Conservative gain | Details |

### Sui generis

| Council | Previous control | | Result | | Details |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Isles of Scilly |  |  |  |  | Details |

## Northern Ireland

| Council | Previous control | | Result | | Details |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Antrim |  | UUP |  | UUP | Details |
| Ards |  | UUP |  | No overall control | Details |
| Armagh |  | UUP |  | No overall control | Details |
| Ballymena |  | No overall control |  | DUP | Details |
| Ballymoney |  | No overall control |  | No overall control | Details |
| Banbridge |  | UUP |  | UUP | Details |
| Belfast |  | No overall control |  | No overall control | Details |
| Carrickfergus |  | No overall control |  | No overall control | Details |
| Castlereagh |  | No overall control |  | No overall control | Details |
| Coleraine |  | UUP |  | UUP | Details |
| Cookstown |  | No overall control |  | No overall control | Details |
| Craigavon |  | No overall control |  | No overall control | Details |
| Down |  | No overall control |  | No overall control | Details |
| Dungannon |  | UUP |  | No overall control | Details |
| Fermanagh |  | No overall control |  | No overall control | Details |
| Larne |  | Loyalist Coalition |  | No overall control | Details |
| Limavady |  | United Unionists |  | No overall control | Details |
| Lisburn |  | UUP |  | No overall control | Details |
| Londonderry |  | No overall control |  | No overall control | Details |
| Magherafelt |  | No overall control |  | No overall control | Details |
| Moyle |  | No overall control |  | No overall control | Details |
| Newry and Mourne |  | No overall control |  | No overall control | Details |
| Newtownabbey |  | No overall control |  | No overall control | Details |
| North Down |  | No overall control |  | No overall control | Details |
| Omagh |  | No overall control |  | No overall control | Details |
| Strabane |  | No overall control |  | No overall control | Details |

## Scotland

### District councils

| Council | Previous control | | Result | | Details |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Aberdeen |  | Labour |  | No overall control gain | Details |
| Angus |  | Conservative |  | Conservative hold | Details |
| Annandale and Eskdale |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |
| Argyll |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |
| Badenoch and Strathspey |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |
| Banff and Buchan |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |
| Bearsden and Milngavie |  | No overall control |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| Berwickshire |  | Conservative |  | Conservative hold | Details |
| Caithness |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |
| Clackmannan |  | No overall control |  | SNP gain | Details |
| Clydebank |  | Labour |  | SNP gain | Details |
| Cumbernauld and Kilsyth |  | SNP |  | SNP hold | Details |
| Cumnock and Doon Valley |  | Labour |  | Labour hold | Details |
| Cunninghame |  | Labour |  | No overall control gain | Details |
| Dumbarton |  | Labour |  | No overall control gain | Details |
| Dundee |  | No overall control |  | No overall control hold | Details |
| Dunfermline |  | Labour |  | Labour hold | Details |
| East Kilbride |  | No overall control |  | SNP gain | Details |
| East Lothian |  | Labour |  | Labour hold | Details |
| Eastwood |  | Conservative |  | Conservative hold | Details |
| Edinburgh |  | No overall control |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| Ettrick and Lauderdale |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |
| Falkirk |  | No overall control |  | SNP gain | Details |
| Glasgow |  | Labour |  | No overall control gain | Details |
| Gordon |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |
| Hamilton |  | Labour |  | Labour hold | Details |
| Inverclyde |  | Labour |  | Liberal gain | Details |
| Inverness |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |
| Kilmarnock and Loudoun |  | Labour |  | No overall control gain | Details |
| Kincardine and Deeside |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |
| Kirkcaldy |  | Labour |  | No overall control gain | Details |
| Kyle and Carrick |  | Conservative |  | Conservative hold | Details |
| Lanark |  | Independent |  | No overall control gain | Details |
| Lochaber |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |
| Midlothian |  | Labour |  | No overall control gain | Details |
| Monklands |  | Labour |  | Labour hold | Details |
| Moray |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |
| Motherwell |  | Labour |  | Labour hold | Details |
| Nairn |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |
| Nithsdale |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |
| North East Fife |  | Conservative |  | Conservative hold | Details |
| Perth and Kinross |  | Conservative |  | Conservative hold | Details |
| Renfrew |  | Labour |  | No overall control gain | Details |
| Ross and Cromarty |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |
| Roxburgh |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |
| Skye and Lochalsh |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |
| Stewartry |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |
| Stirling |  | No overall control |  | No overall control hold | Details |
| Strathkelvin |  | No overall control |  | No overall control hold | Details |
| Sutherland |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |
| Tweeddale |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |
| West Lothian |  | No overall control |  | No overall control hold | Details |
| Wigtown |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |

## Wales

### County councils

| Council | Previous control | | Result | | Details |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Clwyd |  | No overall control |  | No overall control hold | Details |
| Dyfed |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |
| Gwent |  | Labour |  | No overall control gain | Details |
| Gwynedd |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |
| Mid Glamorgan |  | Labour |  | Labour hold | Details |
| Powys |  | Independent |  | Independent hold | Details |
| South Glamorgan |  | Labour |  | Conservative gain | Details |
| West Glamorgan |  | Labour |  | Labour hold | Details |

## InfoBox

1977 United Kingdom local elections
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  1 Unicameral area, all 6 metropolitan counties, all 39 non-metropolitan counties,
1 sui generis authority, all 26 Northern Irish districts,
all 53 Scottish districts and all 8 Welsh counties | |
| Majority party Minority party Third party   Leader Margaret Thatcher James Callaghan David Steel  Party Conservative Labour Liberal  Leader since 11 February 1975 5 April 1976 7 July 1976  Councillors 12,370 7,115 950  Councillors +/-  1,293  1,098  163 | |
| ---  Colours denote the winning party, as shown in the main table of results. | |


title: Avenel station

abstract: Avenel is an active commuter railroad station in the Avenel section of Woodbridge Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey. Servicing trains of NJ Transit's North Jersey Coast Line, the station serves trains going to Long Branch and Bay Head to New York Penn Station. Avenel station serves as the first and last stop of standalone North Jersey Coast Line service, with the line merging into the Northeast Corridor Line at Rahway. The next station to the south is Woodbridge while the next station north is Rahway. Avenel station consists of two high-level side platforms that cross over Avenel Street.

text:
# Avenel station

**Avenel** is an active commuter railroad station in the Avenel section of Woodbridge Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey. Servicing trains of NJ Transit's North Jersey Coast Line, the station serves trains going to Long Branch and Bay Head to New York Penn Station. Avenel station serves as the first (going south) and last (going north) stop of standalone North Jersey Coast Line service, with the line merging into the Northeast Corridor Line at Rahway. The next station to the south is Woodbridge while the next station north is Rahway. Avenel station consists of two high-level side platforms that cross over Avenel Street (County Route 650).

## History

From 1985 to 2019 there was no weekend service and limited weekday service, but on September 8, 2019 increased weekend service debuted at Avenel along with increased weekday service, with a further increase on November 8, 2020.

## Station layout

Avenel has two short three-car high-level side platforms on two tracks. It had been slated for closing by NJ Transit because of the excessive costs of adding elevators for compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Accessible ramps were installed instead to each platform at their southern ends.

The station is located directly over Avenel Street, which has a staircase on its northern sidewalk going up to each platform. The staircase to the New York-bound platform is enclosed while the one to the Long Branch-bound platform is exposed alongside the overpass. At the top of the stairs, each platform has a double long bus shelter with a white domed roof and bench.

The platforms have an additional entrance/exit at their southern ends. On each side, a twisting ramp and staircase goes to the service roads of Avenel Street. A pedestrian tunnel with staircases down at each end and concrete entry portals connect the platforms. The station's only ticket machine, installed in May 2011, is located in a bus shelter along the end of the street beneath the Newark-bound platform.

## InfoBox

| Avenel | |
| --- | --- |
| Train passing through Avenel station | |
| General information | |
| Location | Avenel Street<br>Woodbridge, New Jersey |
| Coordinates | 40°34′42.36″N 74°16′38.14″W / 40.5784333°N 74.2772611°W / 40.5784333; -74.2772611 |
| Owned by | New Jersey Transit |
| Platforms | 2 side platforms |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Fare zone | 9 |
| History | |
| Rebuilt | June 11, 1998December 22, 1998 |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| 2012 | 166 (average weekday) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  NJ Transit Following station  Woodbridgetoward Bay Head  North Jersey Coast Line  Rahwaytoward New York Penn Station or Hoboken | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former services   Preceding station Pennsylvania Railroad Following station  Edgartoward Perth Amboy  Perth Amboy and Woodbridge Branch  RahwayTerminus | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: FNA mapping

abstract:
FNA mapping is an application of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) to the testis for the diagnosis of male infertility. FNA cytology has been used to examine pathological human tissue from various organs for over 100 years. As an alternative to open testicular biopsy for the last 40 years, FNA mapping has helped to characterize states of human male infertility due to defective spermatogenesis. Although recognized as a reliable, and informative technique, testis FNA has not been widely used in U.S. to evaluate male infertility. Recently, however, testicular FNA has gained popularity as both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the management of clinical male infertility for several reasons:
  - The testis is an ideal organ for evaluation by FNA because of its uniform cellularity and easy accessibility.
  - The trend toward minimally invasive procedures and cost-containment views FNA favorably compared to surgical testis biopsy.
  - The realization that the specific histologic abnormality observed on testis biopsy has no definite correlation to either the etiology of infertility or to the ability to find sperm for assisted reproduction.
  - Assisted reproduction has undergone dramatic advances such that testis sperm are routinely used for biological pregnancies, thus fueling the development of novel FNA techniques to both locate and procure sperm. For these reasons, there has been a resurgence of FNA as an important, minimally invasive tool for the evaluation and management of male infertility.

text:
# FNA mapping

**FNA mapping** is an application of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) to the testis for the diagnosis of male infertility. FNA cytology has been used to examine pathological human tissue from various organs for over 100 years. As an alternative to open testicular biopsy for the last 40 years, FNA mapping has helped to characterize states of human male infertility due to defective spermatogenesis. Although recognized as a reliable, and informative technique, testis FNA has not been widely used in U.S. to evaluate male infertility. Recently, however, testicular FNA has gained popularity as both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the management of clinical male infertility for several reasons:

1. The testis is an ideal organ for evaluation by FNA because of its uniform cellularity and easy accessibility.
2. The trend toward minimally invasive procedures and cost-containment views FNA favorably compared to surgical testis biopsy.
3. The realization that the specific histologic abnormality observed on testis biopsy has no definite correlation to either the etiology of infertility or to the ability to find sperm for assisted reproduction.
4. Assisted reproduction has undergone dramatic advances such that testis sperm are routinely used for biological pregnancies, thus fueling the development of novel FNA techniques to both locate and procure sperm.

For these reasons, there has been a resurgence of FNA as an important, minimally invasive tool for the evaluation and management of male infertility.

## Changes to infertility medicine

Advances in assisted reproductive technology (ART) have revolutionized the ability to help men with even the severest forms of male infertility to become fathers. This field began in earnest in 1978 when the first successful in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle was performed. This technique involves controlled ovarian stimulation followed by egg retrieval, in vitro fertilization, and embryo transfer to the uterus. In the United States, the number of babies born to infertile couples with IVF has risen logarithmically from 260 babies in 1985 to almost 50,000 in 2003. Another significant advance in ART was the development of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in 1992. Performed in conjunction with IVF, ICSI involves the injection of a single, viable sperm directly into the egg cytoplasm in vitro to facilitate fertilization in cases of low sperm numbers. ICSI has decreased the numerical sperm requirement for egg fertilization with IVF from hundreds of thousands of sperm for each egg to a single sperm. In addition, ICSI allows sperm with limited intrinsic fertilizing capacity, including "immature" sperm obtained from the reproductive tract of men with no sperm in the ejaculate to reliably fertilize eggs. Indeed, ICSI has become so popular that U.S. clinics have routinely used it in more than 56% of their IVF cases.

The success of ICSI has also encouraged reproductive clinicians to look beyond the ejaculate and into the male reproductive tract to find sperm. Currently, sources of sperm routinely used for ICSI include sperm from the vas deferens, epididymis, and testicle. As ART has evolved, so too have novel FNA techniques to help diagnose and treat severe male infertility. An example of this is use of testicular FNA "mapping" to systemically assess and localize sperm for ART in men with azoospermia (no sperm count) and with testis failure characterized by "patchy" or "focal" spermatogenesis. Indeed, this combination of techniques has allowed men with even the severest forms of infertility, including men who are azoospermic after chemotherapy for cancer, to become fathers.

## Accuracy

From a contemporary search of the English literature, it is apparent that the diagnostic testis biopsy has been used to study the pathological basis of male infertility for 60 years. The surgically obtained testis biopsy accurately describes testis architecture, is the best technique to detect in situ neoplasia or cancer, and allows for the overall assessment of the interstitium (Leydig cell number and hypertrophy). Levin described a qualitative method of assessing testis histologic patterns that is commonly used clinically to assess testis pathology in male infertility. Recognized patterns include: normal spermatogenesis, hypoplasia or hypospermatogenesis, complete or early maturation arrest, Sertoli cell-only or germ cell aplasia, incomplete or late maturation arrest, and sclerosis. Johnsen proposed a more quantitative analysis of testis cellular architecture based on the concept that testis damage causes a successive disappearance of the most mature germ cell type. The Johnsen scoring system involves a quantitative assessment of individual germ cell types that is very detailed and relatively laborious for routine clinical use.

Regardless of methodology, the analysis of testis biopsy histology lacks clinical value in cases of infertility because there is no clear correlation between histologic patterns or Johnsen score and the underlying etiology of infertility. That is to say, the clinical utility of understanding the histology pattern is low, because biopsy patterns do not correlate well with specific and correctable diseases. In addition, the interobserver variability in testis biopsy readings for infertility is significant. This was aptly demonstrated in a study by Cooperberg et al. in which the histology readings from two independent pathological reviews were prospectively compared with 113 testis biopsies undertaken for infertility. Importantly, in 28% of cases preparation artifact or insufficient biopsy size rendered the sample suboptimal for interpretation. In addition, in 46% of cases, the two reviews disagreed, and this discordance resulted in significant changes in clinical care in 27% of cases. The most common error in pathological review was the under-appreciation of mixed histological patterns that are common and characteristic of infertile men with no sperm counts. Thus, although commonly used, the classical testis biopsy has little or no correlation with specific diseases, is associated with significant variability in interpretation, and can miss mixed patterns of spermatogenesis that may qualify infertile men for assisted reproduction.

## FNA cytology vs testis biopsy

In many countries, testicular FNA cytology is preferable to surgical testis biopsy for the evaluation of male infertility. In addition to accurately demonstrating the presence or absence of mature sperm with tails, FNA provides tubular cells for cytologic analysis, also informative for the diagnosis of infertility. Unlike testis biopsy histology, however, FNA cytology has not been rigorously evaluated for the ability to distinguish in situ neoplasia and testis cancer. Despite this caveat, the correlation of FNA cytology to testis biopsy histology is very high (84–97%) in comparative studies comprising almost 400 patients (Table 1).

Table 1. Literature that Correlates Testicular FNA Cytology to Biopsy Histology
| Study | \# Patients | % Agreement |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Persson, 1971 | 42 | 86% |
| Gottschalk-Sabag, 1993 | 47 | 87% |
| Mallidis, 1994 | 46 | 94% |
| Craft, 1997 | 19 | 84% |
| Odabas, 1997 | 24 | 90% |
| Mahajan, 1999 | 60 | 97% |
| Rammou-Kinia, 1999 | 30 | 87% |
| Meng, 2000 | 87 | 94% |
| Qublan, 2002 | 34 | 96% |
| Aridogan, 2003 | 40 | 90% |
| Mehrotra, 2007 | 58 | 94% |

Similar to the issue with biopsy histology, although several excellent descriptions of testis seminiferous epithelium cytology have been reported, no individual classification method has been uniformly adopted by cytologists as a standard approach. Papic et al. quantified each cell type and calculated various cell indices and ratios and found that cytologic smears correlated well with histologic diagnoses. Verma et al. also determined differential cell counts in patients with normal spermatogenesis; however, the reported ratios differed dramatically from those of Papic. Batra et al. have also published a cytologic schema in which the spermatic index, Sertoli cell index, and sperm-Sertoli cell indices are categorized into various histologic groups. Using this system, they reported that differences in cell counts and indices could predict histologic categories. Among the different classification systems for testis FNA, those that attempt to correlate cytologic findings with biopsy histology hold the most promise to replace histology.

With the goal of replacing the more invasive biopsy histology with FNA cytology, a simple, working classification schema for testis FNA cytology has been proposed that is based on pattern recognition. The identified patterns represent histological diagnoses but are based on relative numbers of three easily identified germ cell types on cytologic assessment: primary spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa. The various germ and Sertoli cells are not precisely counted but are loosely quantified by assessing the relative number of cells present. In this way, a standard ratio of cell types for comparison to Sertoli cell density is created. The FNA patterns for hypospermatogenesis, Sertoli cell-only, early maturation arrest, and late maturation arrest show different ratios of these three cell types relative to normal spermatogenesis and are relatively easy to categorize in this way. In a review of 87 patients with paired FNA maps and biopsy, this cytologic classification was observed to be reproducible and accurate. Histologic categories determined by FNA patterns correlated well with open biopsy histology across all patterns in 94% of cases. FNA cytology was also able to completely describe mixed histologies in 12 of 14 cases. Thus, the determination of histology by FNA cytology pattern is accurate and suggests that the more invasive testis biopsy is unnecessary to diagnose states of infertility. Alternatively, it is possible that newer processing methods can be applied to testis FNA cytology specimens to concentrate and prepare seminiferous tubules for sectioning similar to classic histologic preparations. Either way, testis cytology is a viable alternative to histology in the evaluation of male infertility.

## Newer concepts: FNA "mapping"

It has become clear to reproductive urologists who regularly perform testis sperm retrieval in azoospermic men for IVF-ICSI that spermatogenesis varies geographically within the testis. This underscores the limitation and inadequacy of a single, localized testis biopsy or a single FNA specimen to accurately reflect the biology of the entire organ. In fact, the current clinical challenges are: (1) to determine which infertile men with azoospermia harbor sperm for IVF-ICSI and (2) to precisely locate the areas of sperm production within atrophic, nonobstructed testes. This clinical need led to the development of testis FNA "mapping" in male infertility by a team of University of California San Francisco physicians led by Paul J. Turek (Figure 1).

In a pilot study of 16 men from 1997, testis FNA was used to "map" the organ for mature sperm. The concept for mapping testis for sperm was inspired by the work of Gottschalk-Sabag and colleagues and modeled after the approach to prostate biology in which multiple prostate biopsies are used to detect foci of prostate cancer. Similarly, FNA was applied systematically to detect the presence or absence of sperm in varied geographical areas of the testis. In this study, azoospermic men underwent simultaneous testis biopsies and site-matched FNA, and FNA was found to be more sensitive in detecting sperm, as several men had sperm found by FNA but not on biopsy. Additionally, in one-third of patients, localized areas of sperm were detected by FNA in areas distant from biopsy sites without sperm. These data confirmed intratesticular heterogeneity with respect to sperm distribution and suggested the potential of FNA to localize patches of active spermatogenesis in failing testes.

Testicular FNA mapping is performed using classic FNA technique. Under local anesthesia in the office, the testis and scrotal skin are fixed relative to each other with a gauze wrap. The "testicular wrap" is a convenient handle to manipulate the testis and also fixes the scrotal skin over the testis for the procedure. Aspiration sites are marked on the scrotal skin, 5 mm apart according to a template.

The number of aspiration sites varies with testis size and ranges from 4 (to confirm obstruction) to 15 per testis (for nonobstructive azoospermia). FNA is performed with a sharp-beveled, 23-gauge, one-inch needle using the established suction cutting technique. Precise, gentle, in-and-out movements, varying from 5 mm to 8 mm, are used to aspirate tissue fragments. Ten to 30 needle excursions are made at each site. Suction is released, and then the tissue fragments are expelled onto a slide, gently smeared, and immediately fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol. Pressure is applied to each site for hemostasis. A routine Papanicolaou stain is performed. Smears are reviewed by experienced cytologists for (a) specimen adequacy (defined as at least 12 clusters of testis cells or at least 2000 well-dispersed testis cells) and (b) the presence or absence of mature sperm with tails. For immediate interpretation, fixed slides are stained with undiluted toluidine blue and read with brightfield microscopy after 15 seconds. Patients take an average of two pain pills after the procedure. Complications in over 800 patients have included one episode of hematospermia and, in another patient, post-operative pain for 7 days.

In another study, systematic testis FNA was used to determine which men were candidates for IVF-ICSI and to guide sperm retrieval procedures. Sperm retrieval guided by prior FNA maps was proposed as an alternative to standard sperm retrieval, which is generally performed on the same day as IVF and is associated with a significant chance of sperm retrieval failure. In 19 azoospermic men, sperm retrieval guided by prior FNA mapping found sufficient sperm for all eggs at IVF in 95% of cases. In addition, FNA-directed procedures enabled simple percutaneous FNA sperm retrieval in 20% of cases, and minimized the number of biopsies (mean 3.1) and the volume of testicular tissue (mean 72 mg) taken when open biopsies were required. Testis sparing procedures are particularly important in men with atrophic or solitary testes, and sperm retrieval guided by information from prior FNA maps can conserve testis tissue. Thus, this study confirmed that FNA maps can accurately identify azoospermic patients who are candidates for sperm retrieval and ICSI. In addition, it demonstrated that FNA maps can provide crucial information with respect to the precise location of sperm in the testis and can minimize the invasiveness of sperm retrieval.

Currently, two kinds of maps are performed in the evaluation of azoospermic infertile men. A compound map (\>4 sites/testis) is typically performed as a diagnostic test to find sperm in failing testes. For this indication, men have testis atrophy, an elevated serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level, or a prior biopsy revealing abnormal or absent spermatogenesis. A simple map (\< 4 sites/testis) is used to confirm the clinical expectation of sperm production in men who may be obstructed and azoospermic. Simple FNA maps are offered to those who are planning to have reconstructive procedures (e.g., vasovasostomy) or sperm aspiration from the epididymis and who desire more complete information about spermatogenesis before proceeding with reconstruction or sperm retrieval. Regardless of the type of map, these procedures are generally diagnostic in nature. An experienced cytologist has a much better chance of finding sperm on a stained testis-tissue specimen with its higher resolution than does an andrology lab technician looking at the same tissue as part of a sperm retrieval procedure in an unstained specimen.

## Biology of sperm production

From a comprehensive study of 118 consecutive azoospermic, infertile men who underwent FNA mapping, much has been learned about the geography of spermatogenesis in both normal (obstructed) and abnormal (nonobstructed) testes. In men with obstructive azoospermia, sperm is found in all sites and in all locations on the FNA map. However, in men with nonobstructive azoospermia, sperm is found in about 50% of cases. In the subgroup of men with no sperm on a prior testis biopsy, FNA maps revealed sperm in 27% of cases. This increased sensitivity in sperm detection is likely due to sampling a larger volume of the testis. There was also an intratesticular (site-to-site within the same testis) variation in sperm presence in 25% of cases and an intertesticular (side-to-side in the same individual) discordance rate of 19%. This suggests that bilateral examinations are crucial to fully informing men with nonobstructive azoospermia about opportunities for fatherhood, FNA mapping has also been used to determine whether particular geographic sites are more likely to have sperm than others. In one study, individual testis maps from each side were pooled, and from this analysis all FNA sites showed sperm at about the same frequency; there was no suggestion of sperm "hot spots" in nonobstructive testes. Thus, FNA mapping is a valuable diagnostic tool that not only guides the treatment of infertile men but can also provide a wealth of phenotypic information about the infertility condition.

Although the correlation of testis FNA cytology to testis biopsy histology is clear in the literature, how do the global organ findings from testis FNA mapping compare to biopsy histology? In other words, what is the chance of finding sperm on the map with each specific biopsy pattern? In a study of 87 patients, in whom a mean of 1.3 biopsies and 14 FNA sites were taken per patient, striking correlations were observed between FNA and histological results. Overall, sperm was found by FNA mapping in 52% of nonobstructive azoospermic patients. Pure histologic patterns of Sertoli cell-only and early maturation arrest were associated with a very poor likelihood of sperm detection (4–8%). In contrast, patients with other pure pattern histologies or mixed patterns had high rates of FNA sperm detection (77–100%). Thus, sperm detection with FNA showed wide variation depending on testis histology. In addition, certain histologic patterns may reflect a more global testicular dysfunction due to underlying genetic causes, and thus a poorer likelihood of sperm identification.

## Testis FNA "Mapping" in the treatment of severe male infertility

In cases of infertility due to nonobstructive azoospermia, surgical sperm retrieval for IVF-ICSI is successful 40–60% of the time without prior knowledge of the geography of testis sperm production. With the addition of diagnostic FNA mapping, the rate of successful sperm retrieval can be increased substantially. However, high quality scientific evidence suggests that other approaches for sperm retrieval in non-obstructive azoospermia than TESA or aspiration approaches. In a review of 1,890 patients who had sperm retrieval results compared with aspiration found that testicular sperm extraction (TESE) with multiple biopsies was 2-fold more effective at finding sperm and microTESE (a microsurgical search for sperm within the testis) was 1.5-fold more effective at finding sperm From a review n=159 cases of nonobstructive azoospermia, one group observed that 44% of mapped cases required sperm retrieval by needle aspiration (TESA); 33% required open, directed surgical biopsies (TESE); and 23% needed microsurgically-assisted dissection of the entire testis parenchyma (mTESE) for successful sperm retrieval. In addition, the majority (78%) of these cases required only unilateral sperm retrieval to find sufficient sperm for IVF-ICSI. Overall, sufficient sperm for all oocytes retrieved was possible in 95% of cases with prior maps, ranging from 100% in simple aspiration cases to 80% of microdissection cases. In addition, among men who underwent a second sperm retrieval procedure, sperm was successfully retrieved in 91% of attempt; and among patients who had a third sperm retrieval, sperm was retrieved in 100% of attempts. Thus, knowledge of sperm location with FNA mapping can simplify and streamline sperm retrieval procedures in very difficult cases of nonobstructive azoospermia, but comparative studies suggest FNA is not as effective at retrieving sperm as more advanced techniques such as microTESE.

## Summary

1. Testis FNA cytology of the testis correlates well with testis biopsy histology in the evaluation of male infertility.
2. Testis FNA cytology is rapid and safe and provides information not only on the presence or absence of sperm but, when applied in multiple areas like a "map", can precisely localize sperm production.
3. Testis FNA cytology can direct sperm retrieval procedures and minimize the amount of testicular tissue removed.
4. With wider sampling of the testis achieved with FNA cytology, the heterogeneity of sperm production can be more accurately defined and sperm retrieval procedures improved.
5. Although assessment of architecture and the basement membrane is not possible with FNA, whole organ cytologic examination of seminiferous tubule patterns with mapping provides useful phenotypic information about severe male factor infertility.
6. Best evidence suggests that FNA mapping is not the most effective technique for sperm retrieval in men with non-obstructive azoospermia

## Footnotes


title: 2015 Indoor Football League season

abstract: The 2015 Indoor Football League season was the seventh season of the Indoor Football League. Playing with ten teams in two conferences located in mid-sized cities predominantly in the central United States, the league's regular season kicked off on February 28, 2015, when the reigning league champion Sioux Falls Storm travelled to the Bemidji Axemen. The regular season ended 16 weeks later on June 20, 2015, with the Green Bay Blizzard visiting the Iowa Barnstormers. The playoffs were held in two rounds with the top two teams in each conference facing off in a conference championship game followed by the winners of those games meeting in the United Bowl.

text:
# 2015 Indoor Football League season

The **2015 Indoor Football League season** was the seventh season of the Indoor Football League. Playing with ten teams in two conferences located in mid-sized cities predominantly in the central United States, the league's regular season kicked off on February 28, 2015, when the reigning league champion Sioux Falls Storm travelled to the Bemidji Axemen. The regular season ended 16 weeks later on June 20, 2015, with the Green Bay Blizzard visiting the Iowa Barnstormers. The playoffs were held in two rounds with the top two teams in each conference facing off in a conference championship game followed by the winners of those games meeting in the United Bowl.

## Teams

For 2015, the IFL maintained its two-conference no-divisions format with each of 10 teams played 14 games during the 16-week regular season. This is the one more teams than the number of teams as played in the 2014 IFL season. The Texas-based Wichita Falls Nighthawks expansion team replaced the Texas Revolution which left for Champions Indoor Football for the 2015 season. The Iowa Barnstormers joined the IFL from the Arena Football League after making a move due to easier regional travel. The Wyoming Cavalry folded, and the league accepted the expansion franchise of Billings Wolves and the Wichita Falls Nighthawks.

### United Conference

| **Team** | **Location** | **Arena** *(Capacity)* |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bemidji Axemen | Bemidji, Minnesota | Sanford Center *(4,700)* |
| Cedar Rapids Titans | Cedar Rapids, Iowa | U.S. Cellular Center *(6,900)* |
| Green Bay Blizzard | Ashwaubenon, Wisconsin | Resch Center *(8,621)* |
| Iowa Barnstormers | Des Moines, Iowa | Wells Fargo Arena *(15,181)* |
| Sioux Falls Storm | Sioux Falls, South Dakota | Sioux Falls Arena *(4,700)* |

### Intense Conference

| **Team** | **Location** | **Arena** *(Capacity)* |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Billings Wolves | Billings, Montana | Rimrock Auto Arena at MetraPark *(12,000)* |
| Colorado Ice | Loveland, Colorado | Budweiser Events Center *(7,200)* |
| Nebraska Danger | Grand Island, Nebraska | Eihusen Arena *(7,500)* |
| Tri-Cities Fever | Kennewick, Washington | Toyota Center *(5,970)* |
| Wichita Falls Nighthawks | Wichita Falls, Texas | Kay Yeager Coliseum *(7,380)* |

## Expansion

In January 2014, the league announced that the Billings Wolves would join the league for the 2015 season. The Wolves played their home games at Rimrock Auto Arena at MetraPark in Billings, Montana. The city was previously home to the Billings Outlaws, who folded after a tornado heavily damaged the arena leaving them with heavy, uninsured losses.

On August 25, 2014, the Nighthawks became official members of the Indoor Football League.

## Standings

## Playoffs

|  | Conference Championships | | |  |  | 2015 United Bowl | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2 | Tri-Cities | 43 |  |  | | | | |
|  | | | | | |
|  | **1** | **Nebraska** | **86** |  | |
|  | | | | |  | I1 | Nebraska | 27 |  |
|  | | | | | |  | | |  |
|  | |  |  | **U1** | **Sioux Falls** | **62** |  |
|  | 2 | | | | | | Cedar Rapids | 12 |  |
|  | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | | **1** | **Sioux Falls** | **34** |  |

## Awards

### Individual season awards

| Award | Winner | Position | Team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Most Valuable Player | Jameel Sewell | Quarterback | Nebraska Danger |
| Offensive Player of the Year | Steven Whitehead | Wide Receiver | Tri-Cities Fever |
| Defensive Player of the Year | Jeremiah Price | Defensive Lineman | Cedar Rapids Titans |
| Special Teams Player of the Year | Mulku Kalokoh | Kick Returner | Bemidji Axemen |
| Offensive Rookie of the Year | Waymon James | Running Back | Nebraska Danger |
| Defensive Rookie of the Year | Michael Green | Defensive Back | Billings Wolves |
| Adam Pringle Award | Brady Beeson | Kicker | Tri-Cities Fever |
| Coach of the Year | Kurtiss Riggs | Head Coach | Sioux Falls Storm |
| Executive of the Year | John Pettit | VP, COO and Co-owner | Iowa Barnstormers |

### 1st Team All-IFL

| Offense  Quarterback Jameel Sewell, Nebraska  Running back Waymon James, Nebraska  Wide receiver Judd Harrold, Sioux Falls
Steven Whitehead, Tri-Cities
Kyle Kaiser, Colorado  Offensive tackle Myniya Smith, Sioux Falls
Darius Savage, Nebraska  Center Charlie Sanders, Sioux Falls | Defense  Defensive line Jeremiah Price, Cedar Rapids
Corey Johnsen, Sioux Falls
Xzavie Jackson, Cedar Rapids  Linebacker Javicz Jones, Iowa
James Ackel, Wichita Falls  Defensive back Michael Green, Billings
DeQuan Starling, Sioux Falls
Jamie Bender, Green Bay |
| --- | --- |

| Special teams | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kicker | Jeff Budzien, Green Bay |
| Kick returner | Mulku Kalokoh, Bemidji |

### 2nd Team All-IFL

| Offense  Quarterback Donovan Porterie, Green Bay  Running back Andrew Pierce, Tri-Cities  Wide receiver Brady Roland, Iowa
Josh Jarboe, Bemidji
Bryan Pray, Cedar Rapids  Offensive tackle Rashaud Mungro, Sioux Falls
Trevis Turner, Nebraska  Center Keyun Swinney, Green Bay | Defense  Defensive end Jake Killeen, Tri-Cities
Terrance Lloyd, Wichita Falls
Justin Edison, Nebraska  Linebacker Tyler Knight, Sioux Falls
Elijah Fields, Sioux Falls  Defensive back Troy Sanders, Tri-Cities
Corey Sample, Colorado
Travonti Johnson, Billings |
| --- | --- |

| Special teams | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kicker | Rockne Belmonte, Cedar Rapids |
| Kick returner | Demetruce McNeal, Cedar Rapids |

## InfoBox

| 2015 IFL season | |
| --- | --- |
| League | Indoor Football League |
| Sport | Indoor Football |
| Duration | February 28, 2015 – June 20, 2015 |
| Number of teams | 10 |
| Regular season | |
| Season MVP | Jameel Sewell (Nebraska) |
| Playoffs | |
| Intense champions | Nebraska Danger |
| Intense runners-up | Tri-Cities Fever |
| United champions | Sioux Falls Storm |
| United runners-up | Cedar Rapids Titans |
| 2015 United Bowl Championship | |
| Champions | Sioux Falls Storm |
| Runners-up | Nebraska Danger |


title: Asclepias subulata

abstract: Asclepias subulata is a species of milkweed known commonly as the rush milkweed, desert milkweed or ajamete. This is an erect perennial herb which loses its leaves early in the season and stands as a cluster of naked stalks. Atop the stems are inflorescences of distinctive flowers. Each cream-white flower has a reflexed corolla that reveals the inner parts, a network of five shiny columns, each topped with a tiny hook. The fruit is a pouchlike follicle that contains many flat, oval seeds with long, silky hairlike plumes. This milkweed is native to the desert southwest of the United States and northern Mexico. It grows in dry slopes, mesas, plains and desert washes. Researchers in Bard, California, tested the plant as a potential source of natural rubber in 1935. Asclepias subulata is a larval host for the monarch butterfly.

text:
# Asclepias subulata

***Asclepias subulata*** is a species of milkweed known commonly as the **rush milkweed**, **desert milkweed** or **ajamete**. This is an erect perennial herb which loses its leaves early in the season and stands as a cluster of naked stalks. Atop the stems are inflorescences of distinctive flowers. Each cream-white flower has a reflexed corolla that reveals the inner parts, a network of five shiny columns, each topped with a tiny hook. The fruit is a pouchlike follicle that contains many flat, oval seeds with long, silky hairlike plumes. This milkweed is native to the desert southwest of the United States and northern Mexico. It grows in dry slopes, mesas, plains and desert washes.

Researchers in Bard, California, tested the plant as a potential source of natural rubber in 1935.

*Asclepias subulata* is a larval host for the monarch butterfly.

## InfoBox

| *Asclepias subulata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Secure  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Apocynaceae |
| Genus: | *Asclepias* |
| Species: | ***A. subulata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Asclepias subulata***
Decne. | |
|


abstract: The individual show jumping at the 1960 Summer Olympics took place on 7 September, at the Stadio Olimpico. The event was open to men and women. It was the 11th appearance of the event. There were 60 competitors from 23 nations. Each nation could have up to three riders. The event was won by Raimondo D'Inzeo of Italy, with his elder brother Piero D'Inzeo taking silver. The brothers were the second and third riders to win multiple medals in individual jumping; all three were Italian. It was the nation's first gold medal in the event since Lequio di Assaba's in 1920; Italy's two golds tied France for most all-time. David Broome earned Great Britain's first medal in the event with his bronze.

text:
# Equestrian at the 1960 Summer Olympics – Individual jumping

The individual show jumping at the 1960 Summer Olympics took place on 7 September, at the Stadio Olimpico. The event was open to men and women. It was the 11th appearance of the event. There were 60 competitors from 23 nations. Each nation could have up to three riders. The event was won by Raimondo D'Inzeo of Italy, with his elder brother Piero D'Inzeo taking silver. The brothers (silver and bronze medalists, respectively, in 1956) were the second and third riders to win multiple medals in individual jumping; all three were Italian (Tommaso Lequio di Assaba had done it in 1920 and 1924). It was the nation's first gold medal in the event since Lequio di Assaba's in 1920; Italy's two golds tied France for most all-time. David Broome earned Great Britain's first medal in the event with his bronze.

## Background

This was the 11th appearance of the event, which had first been held at the 1900 Summer Olympics and has been held at every Summer Olympics at which equestrian sports have been featured (that is, excluding 1896, 1904, and 1908). It is the oldest event on the current programme, the only one that was held in 1900. There were two separate jumping competitions for individual and team medals, the first time this had occurred since 1920.

Eight of the top 10 riders from the 1956 competition returned: gold medalist Hans Günter Winkler of the United Team of Germany, silver medalist Raimondo D'Inzeo of Italy, bronze medalist Piero D'Inzeo of Italy, fourth-place finisher Fritz Thiedemann of the United Team of Germany, sixth-place finisher (and 1952 gold medalist) Pierre Jonquères d'Oriola of France, eighth-place finisher Carlos César Delía of Argentina, ninth-place finisher Mohamed Selim Zaki of Egypt, and tenth-place finisher Pat Smythe of Great Britain.

All three of the World Champions to date were competing. Raimondo D'Inzeo had followed his Olympic silver with the 1956 World Championship, with Spain's Paco Goyoaga, the inaugural World Champion in 1953, had finished second and Thiedemann third. Winkler had two World Championships (1954 and 1955) along with his 1956 Olympic gold.

New Zealand, the United Arab Republic, and Uruguay each made their debut in the event. France and Sweden both competed for the 10th time, tied for the most of any nation; Sweden had missed only the inaugural 1900 competition, while France missed the individual jumping in 1932.

## Summary

The individual medals were fought out between the two d'Inzeo brothers, Raimondo and Piero, David Broome, and Argentinean Naldo Dasso. The first round saw Raimondo d'Inzeo and Posillipo with the single clear, followed by Naldo Dasso with 4 penalties, and Piero d'Inzeo and his mount Max Fresson with eight. David Broome (7 penalties) had the best ride of the second round, while Piero d'Inzeo and Hans-Günter Winkler each had 8 faults, and the leader, Raimondo d'Inzeo had 3 rails down for 12 faults. Raimondo d'Inzeo's final score of 12 was still enough to win the gold, followed by his brother Piero and David Broome.

## Competition format

The competition used the two-round format introduced in 1952. The course was 840 metres long with 14 obstacles, including one double jump and one triple jump for a total of 17 jumps. The time limit was 2 minutes and 5 seconds; every second over the limit incurred a 0.25 point penalty. There were also penalties for obstacle faults. Each horse and rider pair completed the course twice, with the two scores summed to give a final total for ranking.

The individual and team events were separate, with the individual scores not used for team competition.

## Schedule

All times are Central European Time (UTC+1)

| Date | Time | Round |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Wednesday, 7 September 1960 | **7:00** | **Round 1**
**Round 2** |

## Results

60 riders competed, with 1 additional rider (A. Capuzzo of Italy) entered but not starting.

| Rank | Rider | Horse | Nation | Round 1 | | | Round 2 | | | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Faults | Time | Total | Faults | Time | Total | |
|  | Raimondo D'Inzeo | Posillipo | Italy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 12 | **12** |
|  | Piero D'Inzeo | The Rock | Italy | 8 | 0 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 8 | **16** |
|  | David Broome | Sunslave | Great Britain | 16 | 0 | 16 | 7 | 0 | 7 | **23** |
| 4 | George H. Morris | Sinjon | United States | 12 | 0 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 12 | **24** |
| 5 | Hans Günter Winkler | Halla | United Team of Germany | 13 | 4 | 17 | 8 | 0 | 8 | **25** |
| 6 | Fritz Thiedemann | Meteor | United Team of Germany | 12 | 1.50 | 13.50 | 12 | 0 | 12 | **25.50** |
| 7 | Hugh Wiley | Master William | United States | 12 | 0 | 12 | 16 | 0 | 16 | **28** |
| | Bernard de Fombelle | Buffalo B | France | 12 | 0 | 12 | 16 | 0 | 16 | **28** |
| | Naldo Dasso | Final | Argentina | 4 | 0 | 4 | 24 | 0 | 24 | **28** |
| 10 | István Suti | Szepleany | Hungary | 12 | 0 | 12 | 16 | 0.50 | 16.50 | **28.50** |
| 11 | Pat Smythe | Flanagan | Great Britain | 20 | 0 | 20 | 12 | 0 | 12 | **32** |
| | Henrique Callado | Martingil | Portugal | 16 | 0 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 16 | **32** |
| 13 | Carlos César Delía | Stromboli | Argentina | 16 | 0 | 16 | 20 | 0 | 20 | **36** |
| 14 | Max Fresson | Grand Veneur | France | 8 | 0 | 8 | 27 | 2.25 | 29.25 | **37.25** |
| 15 | William Steinkraus | Riviera Wonder | United States | 21 | 3 | 24 | 11 | 2.50 | 13.50 | **37.50** |
| | Cevdet Sümer | Zambak | Turkey | 20 | 0 | 20 | 16 | 1.50 | 17.50 | **37.50** |
| 17 | Paco Goyoaga | Desirée | Spain | 19 | 1.50 | 20.50 | 20 | 0.75 | 20.75 | **41.25** |
| 18 | Pierre Jonquéres d'Oriola | Eclair au Chocolat | France | 16 | 0 | 16 | 23 | 2.50 | 25.50 | **41.50** |
| 19 | Ernesto Hartkopf | Blatasar | Argentina | 19 | 0.25 | 19.25 | 23 | 1.25 | 24.25 | **43.50** |
| 20 | Dawn Wofford | Hollandia | Great Britain | 16 | 0 | 16 | 28 | 0 | 28 | **44** |
| | Germán Mailhos | Julian | Uruguay | 24 | 0 | 24 | 20 | 0 | 20 | **44** |
| 22 | Hans Möhr | Lausbub III | Switzerland | 23 | 0 | 23 | 19 | 2.75 | 21.75 | **44.75** |
| 23 | Adrian White | Telebrae | New Zealand | 27 | 6.25 | 33.25 | 12 | 0 | 12 | **45.25** |
| 24 | Juan Martínez | Charmeuse | Spain | 23 | 0 | 23 | 24 | 0 | 24 | **47** |
| | Rafael Paullier | Arapey | Uruguay | 32 | 0 | 32 | 15 | 0 | 15 | **47** |
| 26 | Mohamed Selim Zaki | Artos | United Arab Republic | 16 | 0 | 16 | 32 | 0 | 32 | **48** |
| | Alwin Schockemöhle | Ferdle | United Team of Germany | 32 | 3.75 | 35.75 | 12 | 0.25 | 12.25 | **48** |
| 28 | Gamal Haress | Nefertiti II | United Arab Republic | 20 | 0 | 20 | 32 | 0 | 32 | **52** |
| 29 | Kunihiro Ohta | Facey | Japan | 28 | 0 | 28 | 28 | 0 | 28 | **56** |
| 30 | Carlos Colombino | Guanaco | Uruguay | 16 | 0 | 16 | 37 | 6.50 | 43.50 | **59.50** |
| 31 | Nail Gonenli | Inka | Turkey | 32 | 0.50 | 32.50 | 28 | 2.75 | 30.75 | **63.25** |
| 32 | Vasile Pinciu | Birsan | Romania | 35 | 2 | 37 | 28 | 0 | 28 | **65** |
| 33 | Virgil Barbuceanu | Robot | Romania | 35 | 8.75 | 43.75 | 23 | 4.50 | 27.50 | **71.25** |
| 34 | Georges Hernalsteens | Hipparque | Belgium | 60 | 6 | 66 | 36 | 0 | 36 | **102** |
|  | Éamon O'Donohoe | Cluain Meala | Ireland | 20 | 0 | 20 | Eliminated | | | DNF |
| | Elwi Gazi | Mabrouk | United Arab Republic | 23 | 0.75 | 23.75 | Eliminated | | | DNF |
| | Anders Gernandt | Valor | Sweden | 24 | 0 | 24 | Did not start | | | DNF |
| | Andrey Favorsky | Manevr | Soviet Union | 28 | 0 | 28 | Did not start | | | DNF |
| | Mario Leite Neto | Sultão | Brazil | 27 | 2.75 | 29.75 | Did not start | | | DNF |
| | Oscar da Silva | Cerrito | Brazil | 31 | 3 | 34 | Did not start | | | DNF |
| | João Lopes | Rovuma II | Portugal | 40 | 0 | 40 | Did not start | | | DNF |
| | Sean Daly | Loch Garman | Ireland | 39 | 1.25 | 40.25 | Did not start | | | DNF |
| | Billy Ringrose | Loch an Easpaig | Ireland | 24 | 17 | 41 | Did not start | | | DNF |
| | Paul Weier | Centurion | Switzerland | 45 | 1.25 | 46.25 | Did not start | | | DNF |
| | Renyldo Ferreira | Marengo | Brazil | 45 | 5 | 50 | Did not start | | | DNF |
| | António de Almeida | Palpite | Portugal | 33 | 18.50 | 51.50 | Did not start | | | DNF |
| | Eduard Budil | Feldherr | Austria | Eliminated | | | Did not start | | | DNF |
| | Hernán Espinosa | Frantillack | Spain | Eliminated | | | Did not start | | | DNF |
| | Per Fresk | Kaskad | Sweden | Eliminated | | | Did not start | | | DNF |
| | Yuzo Kageyama | Eforegiot | Japan | Eliminated | | | Did not start | | | DNF |
| | Imre Karcsú | Aranyos | Hungary | Eliminated | | | Did not start | | | DNF |
| | Kim Dong-gyu | Gracia | South Korea | Eliminated | | | Did not start | | | DNF |
| | Salih Koc | Rolat | Turkey | Eliminated | | | Did not start | | | DNF |
| | Gheorghe Langa | Rubin | Romania | Eliminated | | | Did not start | | | DNF |
| | Fyodor Metelkov | Kover | Soviet Union | Eliminated | | | Did not start | | | DNF |
| | Min Gwan-gi | Domfee | South Korea | Eliminated | | | Did not start | | | DNF |
| | Dag Nätterqvist | Good Luck XX | Sweden | Eliminated | | | Did not start | | | DNF |
| | Brigitte Schockaert | Muscadin | Belgium | Eliminated | | | Did not start | | | DNF |
| | Ernest Shabaylo | Boston | Soviet Union | Eliminated | | | Did not start | | | DNF |
| | Lajos Somlay | Okulj | Hungary | Eliminated | | | Did not start | | | DNF |

## InfoBox

| Individual jumping
at the Games of the XVII Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Raimondo and Piero D'Inzeo at the Games | |
| Venue | Stadio Olimpico |
| Date | 7 September |
| Competitors | 60 from 23 nations |
| Winning total | 12 faults |
| Medalists | |
| Raimondo D'Inzeo
Italy  Piero D'Inzeo
Italy  David Broome
Great Britain | |
|


title: Arthur Metcalfe (public servant)

abstract: Dr Arthur John Metcalfe was a senior Australian public servant, best known for his time as Director-General of the Department of Health.

text:
# Arthur Metcalfe (public servant)

Dr **Arthur John Metcalfe** CBE (26 June 1895  24 March 1971) was a senior Australian public servant, best known for his time as Director-General of the Department of Health.

## Life and career

Metcalfe was born in Newcastle on 26 June 1895 to English-born parents.

In October 1947, Metcalfe was appointed Commonwealth Director-General of Health, having been Acting-Director-General for more than a year prior after the illness and death of former Director-General Frank McCallum. He led the Department implementing the *National Health Act 1953*, which consolidated the hospital, pharmaceutical and medical benefits schemes operated by the Australian Government.

He retired from the position in 1960. In 1961 he took on an appointment as consultant to Lederie Laboratories Products.

Metcalfe died on 24 March 1971 in Sydney, aged 76.

## Awards

In 1947, Metcalfe was awarded a Rockefeller Foundation scholarship and spent four months studying national health schemes in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and Europe.

Metcalfe was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1954 for services as Director-General of health and quarantine.

## InfoBox

| DrArthur MetcalfeCBE | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Director-General of the Department of Health | |
| **In office**
20 October 1947  1 September 1960 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Arthur John Metcalfe
(1895-06-26)26 June 1895
Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia |
| Died | 24 March 1971(1971-03-24) (aged 75)
Harbord, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Alma mater | University of Sydney |
| Occupation | Public servant |
|  | |


title: 1989 Dunedin mayoral election

abstract: The 1989 Dunedin mayoral election was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1989, elections were held for the Mayor of Dunedin plus other local government positions including twelve city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.

text:
# 1989 Dunedin mayoral election

The **1989 Dunedin mayoral election** was part of the New Zealand local elections held that same year. In 1989, elections were held for the Mayor of Dunedin plus other local government positions including twelve city councillors. The polling was conducted using the standard first-past-the-post electoral method.

## Background

Mayor Cliff Skeggs chose not to seek re-election and a record nine candidates sought to replace him. There were divisions on both sides of local politics in Dunedin. Councillor David Benson-Pope stood as the official Labour candidate, with Labour's candidate from the previous election Steve Alexander also standing. The Citizens' Association had divisions regarding their nominee. Michael Haggitt was chosen as their nominee over councillors Richard Walls and Ian McKeeking. Walls and McKeeking were overlooked due to their affiliations to the National Party. Both stood as independent candidates regardless.

## Results

The following table shows the results for the election:

1989 Dunedin mayoral election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Richard Walls** | **17,983** | **33.86** |  |
|  | Independent | Ian McKeeking | 10,556 | 19.87 |  |
|  | Citizens' | Michael Haggitt | 8,243 | 15.52 |  |
|  | Labour | David Benson-Pope | 6,381 | 12.01 |  |
|  | Independent | Elizabeth Hanan | 5,568 | 10.48 |  |
|  | Independent Labour | Steve Alexander | 2,616 | 4.92 | −22.60 |
|  | Independent | Paul Brooks | 704 | 1.32 |  |
|  | McGillicuddy Serious | Warren Gumbley | 510 | 0.96 |  |
|  | Independent | Gregor Campbell | 242 | 0.45 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 297 | 0.55 | −0.14 |
| Majority | | | 7,427 | 13.98 |  |
| Turnout | | | 53,100 |  |  |

## InfoBox

1989 Dunedin mayoral election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Turnout | 53,100 |
| Candidate Richard Walls Ian McKeeking  Party Independent Independent  Popular vote 17,983 10,556  Percentage 33.86 19.87   ---  Candidate Michael Haggitt David Benson-Pope  Party Citizens' Labour  Popular vote 8,243 6,381  Percentage 15.52 12.01 | |
| ---  **Mayor before election**
Cliff Skeggs
 **Elected mayor**
Richard Walls
 | |


title: 1974 Pacific Southwest Open

abstract: The 1974 Pacific Southwest Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Los Angeles Tennis Club in Los Angeles, California in the United States. The event was categorized as an AA Group tournament and was part of the 1974 Grand Prix tennis circuit. It was the 48th edition of the tournament and ran from September 16 through September 22, 1974. First-seeded and defending champion Jimmy Connors won the singles title after having survived two matchpoints in his first round match against Mal Anderson. With his victory Connors earned $16,000 first prize money as well as 80 Grand Prix ranking points.

text:
# 1974 Pacific Southwest Open

The **1974 Pacific Southwest Open** was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Los Angeles Tennis Club in Los Angeles, California in the United States. The event was categorized as an AA Group tournament and was part of the 1974 Grand Prix tennis circuit. It was the 48th edition of the tournament and ran from September 16 through September 22, 1974. First-seeded and defending champion Jimmy Connors won the singles title after having survived two matchpoints in his first round match against Mal Anderson. With his victory Connors earned $16,000 first prize money as well as 80 Grand Prix ranking points.

## Finals

### Singles

Jimmy Connors defeated  Harold Solomon 6–3, 6–1

* It was Connors' 13th singles title of the year and the 30th of his career.

### Doubles

Ross Case /  Geoff Masters defeated  Brian Gottfried /  Raúl Ramírez 6–3, 6–2

## InfoBox

| 1974 Pacific Southwest Open | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | September 16–22 |
| Edition | 48th |
| Category | Grand Prix (AA) |
| Draw | 64S / 32D |
| Prize money | $175,000 |
| Surface | Hard / outdoor |
| Location | Los Angeles, California , U.S. |
| Venue | Los Angeles Tennis Club |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Jimmy Connors | |
| Doubles | |
| Ross Case /  Geoff Masters | |
|  | |