abstract: The structure of local government in the United Kingdom underwent large changes in the 1990s. The system of two-tier local government introduced in the 1970s by the Local Government Act 1972 and the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 was abolished in Scotland and Wales on 1 April 1996 and replaced with single-tier authorities. In England, some areas remained two-tier but many single-tier authorities were created. No changes were made to local government in Northern Ireland.

text:
# 1990s United Kingdom local government reform

The structure of local government in the United Kingdom underwent large changes in the 1990s. The system of two-tier local government introduced in the 1970s by the Local Government Act 1972 and the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 was abolished in Scotland and Wales on 1 April 1996 and replaced with single-tier authorities. In England, some areas remained two-tier but many single-tier authorities (designated as Unitary Authorities in England) were created. No changes were made to local government in Northern Ireland.

## Background

Prior to the 1970s, the UK had had a mixed system of local government, with some areas being covered by a county council and a more local district council, while large towns had only a single tier of authority (in England and Wales these were termed county boroughs, and in Scotland 'counties of cities'). The Acts abolished the existing county boroughs or counties of cities, and created a uniform two-tier system of government with regions or counties, and districts.

In 1986, Margaret Thatcher's government abolished the county councils of the six metropolitan counties that had been created in 1974, along with the Greater London Council, effectively creating 68 new single-tier authorities: 32 London boroughs and 36 metropolitan boroughs.

In 1990, Thatcher's government introduced the Community Charge, popularly known as the Poll Tax, a new way of funding local councils based on a fixed per-head fee. This proved very unpopular, and led to riots. Eventually, Thatcher was ousted by her own party, and the new Conservative leader and Prime Minister, John Major, pledged to abolish the Community Charge.

Legislation for the Council Tax was introduced and passed in the 1991/1992 session. Also at this time the government took the opportunity to review the structure of local government throughout Great Britain.

## England

The Local Government Commission for England was established under the Local Government Act 1992, allowing the Secretary of State to order the commission to undertake 'structural reviews' in specified areas, to create unitary authorities in the two-tier shire counties. After much political debate, the commission's proposals resulted in:

## Scotland

The previous system in Scotland had been the regions and districts. These were quite unbalanced in terms of population – the Strathclyde region had nineteen districts and over two million people, whereas the Borders region had four districts and only 100,000 people.

The Act established 29 new 'council areas', and retained the three Island Councils. Variance in population was much less in the council areas, with just over half a million in the largest council area, Glasgow City, compared to 50,000 in the smallest on the mainland, Clackmannanshire. These are however outliers, and only six are outside the range 75,000 to 250,000.

In some cases the names of traditional counties were revived as administrative areas, although often with vastly different borders.

## Wales

In Wales the existing system was replaced with a new single-tier system, of counties and county boroughs, the only difference between them now being the name (and the councils of Cardiff, Swansea and Newport are styled as cities).

The 1974 reform in Wales had abandoned use of the names of the historic counties of Wales as local government areas. This was partially reversed in 1996, with Anglesey, Carmarthenshire, Cardiganshire, Denbighshire, Flintshire, Monmouthshire and Pembrokeshire all reappearing as local government areas, although not necessarily with their traditional borders.

The names and areas of the administrative counties abolished in 1996 remained in use (with modifications) as the preserved counties of Wales for purposes such as Lieutenancy.


title: Ernest Pollock, 1st Viscount Hanworth

abstract: Ernest Murray Pollock, 1st Viscount Hanworth, KBE, PC, was a British Conservative politician, lawyer and judge. He served as Master of the Rolls from 1923 to 1935.

text:
# Ernest Pollock, 1st Viscount Hanworth

**Ernest Murray Pollock, 1st Viscount Hanworth**, KBE, PC (25 November 1861 – 22 October 1936), was a British Conservative politician, lawyer and judge. He served as Master of the Rolls from 1923 to 1935.

## Background

Pollock was born in Wimbledon, the fifth son of George Frederick Pollock, grandson of Sir Frederick Pollock, 1st Baronet, Lord Chief Baron of the Court of Exchequer. He was educated at Charterhouse School and Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating in 1883. He was called to the bar by the Inner Temple in 1885.

Pollock sat as Member of Parliament for Warwick and Leamington from 1910 to 1923. In 1919, under David Lloyd George, he was appointed Solicitor General which he remained until 1922, when he became Attorney General, but left this post the same year. He was appointed to the Privy Council in the 1922 New Year Honours and was created a baronet later the same year. He left the House of Commons at the 1923 general election, and was replaced in his seat by Anthony Eden. The same year he was made Master of the Rolls. On 28 January 1926 he elevated to the peerage as **Baron Hanworth**, of Hanworth in the County of Middlesex. He resigned as Master of the Rolls in 1935. The following year he was further honoured when he was made **Viscount Hanworth**, of Hanworth in the County of Middlesex, on 17 January 1936.

## Family

Lord Hanworth married Laura Helen Salt (1865–1954), daughter of banker and politician Thomas Salt, in 1887. They had a son and daughter, Marjorie Laura, who married (Sir) Walter Leslie Farrer, solicitor to George VI. He died at his home in Hythe, Kent, in October 1936, aged 74. He was succeeded in the viscountcy by his grandson David Pollock, 2nd Viscount Hanworth, his son Charles Thomas Anderdon Pollock (d. 1918) having been killed in the First World War.

## Arms

Coat of arms of Ernest Pollock, 1st Viscount Hanworth
|  | CrestA Boar passant quarterly Or and Vert pierced through the sinister shoulder with an Arrow proper EscutcheonAzure three Fleurs-de-lis within a Bordure engrailed Or on a Chief Ermine two Portcullises of the second SupportersOn either side a Bear Or muzzled collared and chained Sable MottoAudacter Et Strenue (Boldly and strenuously) |
| --- | --- |

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

| The Right HonourableThe Viscount HanworthKBE PC | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Solicitor-General for England | |
| **In office**
10 January 1919  6 March 1922 | |
| Monarch | George V |
| Preceded by | Sir Gorden Hewart |
| Succeeded by | Sir Leslie Scott |
| Master of the Rolls | |
| **In office**
11 October 1923  7 October 1935 | |
| Monarch | George V |
| Preceded by | The Lord Sterndale |
| Succeeded by | The Lord Wright |
| Member of Parliament for Warwick and Leamington | |
| **In office**
10 February 1910  6 December 1923 | |
| Preceded by | Thomas Berridge |
| Succeeded by | Anthony Eden |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Ernest Murray Pollock
(1861-11-25)25 November 1861
Wimbledon |
| Died | 22 October 1936(1936-10-22) (aged 74)
Hythe, Kent |
| Citizenship | British |
| Spouse | Laura Helen Salt |
| Education | Charterhouse School |
| Alma mater | Trinity College, Cambridge |
|  | |


title: Augusto Barcía Trelles

abstract: Augusto Barcia y Trelles was a Spanish politician, several times member of the Congress of Deputies, who served as acting Prime Minister of Spain from 10 May 1936 to 13 May 1936 due to former PM Manuel Azaña being elected as President of the Republic. He was also a lawyer and a Freemason.

text:
# Augusto Barcía Trelles

**Augusto Barcia y Trelles** (5 March 1881 – 19 June 1961) was a Spanish politician, several times member of the Congress of Deputies, who served as acting Prime Minister of Spain from 10 May 1936 to 13 May 1936 due to former PM Manuel Azaña being elected as President of the Republic. He was also a lawyer and a Freemason.

## Biography

### Youth and formation

Born in Vegadeo, province of Oviedo, on March 5, 1881. Doctor in Law and lawyer, he was the brother of Camilo Barcia Trelles, professor of International Law, who had Adolfo Miaja de la Muela as a disciple.

From an early age he stood out in the journalistic field. Founder of the magazine *La Joven España*, he would collaborate with newspapers such as *El Correo*, *El Liberal* or *La Libertad* and also served as correspondent of several foreign newspapers in Spain. Barcia, of firm Europeanist convictions and favorable to the Allies in the course of the World War I, would publish during the conflict a good number of articles and chronicles in *El Liberal*, newspaper of which he would also become director in 1914.

### Beginnings in politics

In his youth Barcia was a member of the circle of friends of the politician Segismundo Moret, a prominent member of the Liberal Party. Under the influence of Moret and Gumersindo de Azcárate, he ended up militating in the Reformist Party of Melquíades Álvarez. As a member of the Spanish Cortes he was firmly against the Antiterrorist Act pushed in 1908 by then-PM Antonio Maura.

For the elections of 1914 he presented his candidacy for deputy in Cortes for the Almería district of Vera; he did so presenting himself under the initials of the Reformist Party and with the clear support of some notables of this formation in Almería However, he was not elected deputy. In the elections of 1916 he would obtain a deputy seat for the district of Vera, and later he would revalidate the seat in the elections of 1918, 1919, 1920 and 1923.

During his time in the Cortes he would stand out especially for his interventions on foreign policy. After the establishment of the Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera he retired from active politics, devoting himself to his profession as a lawyer. The refusal of Melquíades Álvarez to criticize the dictatorship would lead Augusto Barcia to distance himself from his former political godfather.

### Second Republic

In 1931, with the advent of the Second Republic, he returned to politics. In the elections to the Constituent Courts of that year he ran as a deputy for the Almería circumscription, but was not elected. Despite this failure, he played an important role at the national level during these years. In 1931 the government appointed him president of the Consejo Superior Bancario ("Higher Banking Council") and a year later he was appointed representative of Spain to the League of Nations in Geneva.

After a period of approximation, in 1933 he joined Republican Action (AR), the party of Manuel Azaña. Thanks to Barcia's influence, the *Diario de Almería* became the provincial organ of the Republican Action party.

With a view to the November 1933 elections, he forged an alliance between Republican Action and Lerroux's Radical Party in the province of Almería, managing to obtain a seat. Barcia was one of the few deputies that Republican Action obtained, which suffered a general defeat in the elections. Faced with this situation, AR would join with the Galician Republicans and the independent radical-socialists to form a new party, Republican Left (IR), a formation in which Augusto Barcia would also join. Within the Almeria provincial organization of IR he became its main leader.

He would defend Lluís Companys and other members of the Generalitat of Catalonia for their participation in the proclamation of the Catalan State in October 1934.

In the elections of February 1936 he was part of the Popular Front candidates for Almería, being the most voted candidate -with 68,175 votes- and managing to revalidate his deputy's seat. After the victory obtained by the Popular Front coalition, on February 19 he was appointed Minister of State in the cabinet presided over by Manuel Azaña. Between May 11 and 13 he would assume the post of President of the Council of Ministers, after the resignation of Azaña -who had been elected President of the Republic-. He would be succeeded at the head of the government by Santiago Casares Quiroga, maintaining, however, the post of Minister of State.

After the Civil War, in July 1936, he assumed the post of Minister of the Interior in the very brief government headed by Diego Martínez Barrio. He would again hold the portfolio of State in the cabinet presided over by José Giral, leaving in September 1936. He was appointed Spanish ambassador to Uruguay, although he would not assume the post due to the rupture of relations between the two countries. Although he remained in the background, he attended the meetings that the Republican Cortes held in October 1937 and August 1938. As the war progressed, he would serve as advisor to the Spanish Embassy in Paris and as Spanish ambassador to the Soviet Union.

### Exile and last years

Seeing the war irretrievably lost, in 1939 he left Europe and moved to Latin America, settling in Buenos Aires.

His departure into exile was followed by repression on the part of Franco's dictatorship. The Special Tribunal for the Repression of Freemasonry and Communism sentenced him to thirty years imprisonment and absolute disqualification from practicing his profession, while the National Tribunal for Political Responsibilities imposed a fine of twenty-five million pesetas and the confiscation of all his assets. It was even proposed that he should lose his Spanish nationality.

Since 1941 he was president of the Patronato Hispano-Argentino de Cultura, developing a feverish activity as a writer and lecturer.21 In parallel, he would also collaborate actively with the Republican institutions in exile: he was part of the central board of Acción Republicana Española, at the same time he served as delegate in Argentina of the Junta Española de Liberación. After the Second World War, he attended in Mexico City the meeting of the Republican Courts in exile. In August 1945 he became Minister of Finance of the government-in-exile presided over by José Giral, a position he would hold until August 1947.

He died in Buenos Aires on June 19, 1961.

## Private life

Throughout his life he was the author of several works of a juridical-political and historical nature. In addition to Spanish, he was also fluent in Italian, French, English and German.

He was a member of the Ateneo de Madrid from 1908, an institution in which he was very active and held positions of responsibility, such as general secretary and president (a position he held between December 1932 and June 1933). Between 1925 and 1926 he was president of the Royal Spanish Athletics Federation. He was also a member of the Madrid Press Association (from 1916) and of the Association of Friends of the Soviet Union, the latter of which was formed in 1933.

## Masonic activity

Augusto Barcia was a distinguished Mason. Having been initiated in the Madrilenian lodge *Ibérica* in 1910, he developed an important work in the Masonic institution to the point that he was elected Grand Master of the Gran Oriente Español in 1921. After the death of Enrique Gras Morillo, on December 9, 1928. he was elected Sovereign Grand Commendator of the Supreme Council of the 33rd Degree for Spain of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, a position he held until 1933, year in which he resigned because he understood that Freemasonry should be separated from any political activity, arguing his resignation as follows:

> "I'm returning to the active life of politics and I'm going to join a party. My significance in the Order, my history in the high position that you've honored me with and that for so many years I carried out, force me to resign it with irrevocable character. I want, above all, to be consequent with my conduct and my ideas, keeping at all times separated from the Institution any partisan influence, any suspicion of political interference".

## Bibliography

* Álvarez Rey, Leandro (2009). "Los Diputados por Andalucía de la Segunda República 1931-1939". *Barcia Trelles, Augusto*. Fundación Centro de Estudios Andaluces. pp. 374–389. ISBN 978-84-613-1326-6.
* Cabeza Sánchez-Albornoz, Sonsoles (2014). *Historia política de la Segunda República en el exilio*. Fundación Universitaria Española.
* Checa Godoy, Antonio (1989). *Prensa y partidos políticos durante la II República*. Universidad de Salamanca. ISBN 9788474815214.
* Heine, Hartmut (1983). *La oposición política al franquismo. De 1939 a 1952*. Barcelona: Crítica. ISBN 84-7423-198-1.
* Iglesias, Juan José (2012), *La violencia en la Historia. Análisis del pasado y la perspectiva sobre el mundo actual*, Universidad de Huelva Publicaciones, ISBN 978-84-16621-49-1
* López Castillo, Antonio (2014), "Miradas al pasado reciente: de la II República a la Transición", *Trayectoria política de Augusto Barcia Trelles*, En: Mónica Fernández Amador y Rafael Quirosa-Cheyrouze (Eds.), Almería: Editorial Universidad de Almería, ISBN 978-84-16027-73-6
* Reig García, Ramón (2011). *La comunicación en Andalucía: Historia, estructura y nuevas tecnologías*. Sevilla: Centro de Estudios Andaluces. ISBN 978-84-939078-0-8.
* Romero Salvadó, Francisco J. (2013). *Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Civil War*. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-8009-2.
* Sánchez Casado, Galo (2009). *Los altos grados de la masonería*. Madrid: Ediciones Akal. pp. 342–370. ISBN 978-84-96797-20-8.
* Tusell, Xavier (1977). *La oposición democrática al franquismo (1939-1962)*. Barcelona: Planeta. ISBN 84-320-7525-6.
* Urquijo y Goitia, José Ramón de (2008). *Gobiernos y ministros españoles en la edad contemporánea* (2ª ed.). Madrid: CSIC. ISBN 978-84-00-08737-1.
* Varela Ortega, José (2001). *El poder de la influencia: geografía del caciquismo en España (1875-1923)*. Marcial Pons Historia.

## InfoBox

| The Most ExcellentAugusto Barcia TrellesOIC | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Prime Minister of Spain | |
| **In office**
10 May 1936  13 May 1936 | |
| President | Manuel Azaña |
| Preceded by | Manuel Azaña |
| Succeeded by | Santiago Casares |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Augusto Barcia Trelles
5 March 1881
Vegadeo, Asturias, Spain |
| Died | 19 June 1961 (aged 80)
Buenos Aires, Argentina |
|  | |


abstract: The Fair Access to Science and Technology Research Act (FASTR) is a bill in the United States that would mandate earlier public release of taxpayer-funded research. The bill has been introduced in 2013, 2015, and 2017. Sen. Ron Wyden (D-Ore.) and Sen. John Cornyn (R-Texas) introduced the Senate version, while the bill was introduced to the House by Reps. Zoe Lofgren (D-Calif.), Mike Doyle (D-Penn.) and Kevin Yoder (R-Kans.). The bill is a successor to the Federal Research Public Access Act (FRPAA), which had been introduced in 2006, 2010, and 2012. Senator Wyden advocated for the passage of the bill by arguing that "taxpayer funded research should never be hidden behind a paywall." FASTR has been described as "The Other Aaron's Law", named for open-access activist Aaron Swartz who died in a dramatic case in support of open access research in January 2013. The Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs unanimously approved the bill on July 29, 2015. It was the first time that the bill or any of its predecessors had gained committee approval and been forwarded to a full house of Congress. The bill is often compared to and discussed in conjunction with the Public Access to Public Science (PAPS) Act, also introduced in 2013. As of 2024 the bill has not been enacted, partially due to lobbying by anti-open access publishers and trade groups such as Elsevier and the Association of American Publishers.

text:
# Fair Access to Science and Technology Research Act

The **Fair Access to Science and Technology Research Act** (**FASTR**) is a bill in the United States that would mandate earlier public release of taxpayer-funded research. The bill has been introduced in 2013, 2015, and 2017. Sen. Ron Wyden (D-Ore.) and Sen. John Cornyn (R-Texas) introduced the Senate version, while the bill was introduced to the House by Reps. Zoe Lofgren (D-Calif.), Mike Doyle (D-Penn.) and Kevin Yoder (R-Kans.). The bill is a successor to the Federal Research Public Access Act (FRPAA), which had been introduced in 2006, 2010, and 2012.

Senator Wyden advocated for the passage of the bill by arguing that "taxpayer funded research should never be hidden behind a paywall."

FASTR has been described as "The Other Aaron's Law", named for open-access activist Aaron Swartz who died in a dramatic case in support of open access research in January 2013.

The Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs unanimously approved the bill on July 29, 2015. It was the first time that the bill or any of its predecessors had gained committee approval and been forwarded to a full house of Congress.

The bill is often compared to and discussed in conjunction with the Public Access to Public Science (PAPS) Act, also introduced in 2013.

As of 2024 the bill has not been enacted, partially due to lobbying by anti-open access publishers and trade groups such as Elsevier and the Association of American Publishers.

## Executive action

Days after FASTR was introduced in 2013, the Executive Branch's Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) issued a memorandum that "hereby directs each Federal agency with over $100 million in annual conduct of research and development expenditures to develop a plan to support increased public access to the results of research funded by the Federal Government." The change was in part prompted by an online Whitehouse petition to "Require free access over the Internet to scientific journal articles arising from taxpayer-funded research."

## InfoBox

Fair Access to Science and Technology Research Act
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Long title | A bill to provide for Federal agencies to develop public access policies relating to research conducted by employees of that agency or from funds administered by that agency. |
| Acronyms (colloquial) | FASTR |


title: Battle of Crocus Field

abstract: The so-called Battle of Crocus Field was a battle in the Third Sacred War, fought between the armies of Phocis, under Onomarchos, and the combined Thessalian and Macedonian army under Philip II of Macedon. The Phocians were decisively defeated by Philip's forces. Philip's victory secured his appointment as ruler of Thessaly, marking an important step in the rise of Macedon to political ascendancy in Ancient Greece. Opinion amongst historians is divided as to the year of the battle; some favour 353 BC, and others 352 BC.

text:
# Battle of Crocus Field

The so-called **Battle of Crocus Field** (Krokion pedion) (353 BC or 352 BC) was a battle in the Third Sacred War, fought between the armies of Phocis, under Onomarchos, and the combined Thessalian and Macedonian army under Philip II of Macedon. The Phocians were decisively defeated by Philip's forces. Philip's victory secured his appointment as ruler of Thessaly, marking an important step in the rise of Macedon to political ascendancy in Ancient Greece. Opinion amongst historians is divided as to the year of the battle; some favour 353 BC, and others 352 BC.

## Sources and chronology

The ancient sources for the Third Sacred War are scant, and generally lacking in firm chronological information. The main source for the period is Diodorus Siculus's *Bibliotheca historica*, written in the 1st century BC, which is therefore very much a secondary source. Diodorus is often derided by modern historians for his style and inaccuracies, but he preserves many details of the ancient period found nowhere else. Diodorus worked primarily by epitomizing the works of other historians, omitting many details where they did not suit his purpose, which was to illustrate moral lessons from history; his account of the Third Sacred War therefore contains many gaps.

Beyond Diodorus, further details of the Sacred War can be found in the orations of Athenian statesmen, primarily Demosthenes and Aeschines, which have survived intact. Since these speeches were never intended to be historical material, they must be treated with circumspection; Demosthenes and Aeschines have been described as "a couple of liars, neither of whom can be trusted to have told the truth in any matter in which it was remotely in his interest to lie". Nevertheless, their allusions to contemporary or past events indicates some of the gaps in Diodorus's account, and helps with the arrangement of the chronology. The accounts of Diodorus, Demosthenes and Aeschines can be further supplemented by fragments of otherwise lost histories (such as that by Theopompus) and by contemporary epigraphic sources.

Modern historians' dates for the war have been hotly debated, and there is no clear consensus. It is generally accepted that the war lasted 10 years, and ended in summer 346 BC (one of the only firm dates), which yields a date of 356 BC for the beginning of the war, with Philomelos's seizure of Delphi. After Philomelos's defeat at Neon, the Thebans thought it safe to send the general Pammenes to Asia with 5,000 hoplites. A combination of evidence suggests that Pammenes met with Philip at Maroneia in Thrace, in 355 BC, presumably on his outward journey to Asia. Buckler, the only historian to produce a systematic study of the sacred war, therefore places Neon earlier in 355 BC. Other historians have placed Neon in 354 BC, since Diodorus says that the battle took place while Philip besieged Methone, which Diodorus (at one point) places in 354 BC. However, Diodorus's chronology for the sacred war is very confused – he dates the start and end of the war a year too late, variously says the war lasted 9, 10 or 11 years, and included the siege of Methone twice under different dates – and his dates cannot therefore be relied upon.

Disregarding the dates, most historians agree upon the same sequence of events for this part of the Sacred War. The principal question is therefore when that sequence started. Thus, Buckler (as well as Beloch and Cloche) dates Neon to 355 BC, Methone to 355–354 BC, Philip's first Thessalian campaign to 354 BC, and his second to 353 BC. Conversely, Cawkwell, Sealey, Hammond and others lower all these dates by one year, beginning with Neon in 354 BC.

## Background

The Third Sacred War (often just called 'the' Sacred War) broke out in 356 BC, and would present Philip with his first real opportunity to expand his influence into the affairs of central and southern Greece. The war was caused by the refusal of the Phocian Confederation to pay a fine imposed on them in 357 BC by the Amphictyonic League, a pan-Greek religious organisation which governed the most sacred site in Ancient Greece, the Temple of Apollo at Delphi. Behind the religious element, there probably lay a display of *realpolitik* in bringing charges against the Phocians, instigated by the Thebans. At this time, Thebes controlled a majority of the votes in the council, and at the autumn meeting in 357 BC, the Thebans were able to have both the Phocians (for the cultivation of the sacred land) and the Spartans (for occupying Thebes some 25 years previously) denounced and fined. Since the fines for both parties were "unjustifiably harsh", the Thebans probably expected neither party to pay, and thus to be able to declare a "sacred war" on either.

In response, the Phocians, under the leadership of Philomelos, seized Delphi (which was situated within the boundaries of Phocis), and asserted the ancient claim of Phocis to the presidency of the Amphictyonic League, intending to annul the judgment against themselves. There seems to have been some sympathy in Greece for the Phocians, since other states could see that "the Thebans ... had used the Amphictyony to pursue petty and destructive vendettas". The Phocians were supported by Athens (perennial enemies of Thebes) and unsurprisingly Sparta, who hoped to see their own fine wiped out when the Phocians seized Delphi. However, Philomelos plundered the treasury of Apollo to pay for mercenaries, thus raising a powerful army, but drastically altering the opinion of the other Greek states. In winter 356/355 BC, a "sacred war" was declared against the Phocians by the Amphictyonic council, with the Thebans being the major protagonists. The war started relatively well for the Phocians, but a severe defeat was inflicted on the Phocians at Neon by the Thebans in either 355 or 354 BC and Philomelos was killed. Undeterred, Onomarchos took over the Phocian effort, and raised new mercenaries to carry on the fight.

The Sacred War appears to have paved the way for renewed conflict within Thessaly. The Thessalian Confederation were in general staunch supporters of the Amphictyonic League, and had an ancient hatred of the Phocians. Conversely, the-city state of Pherae had allied itself with the Phocians. In either 354 or 353 BC, the nobility of the Thessalian city of Larissa appealed to Philip to help them defeat the Pheraeans. Philip thus brought an army into Thessaly, probably with the intention of attacking Pherae. Under the terms of their alliance, Lycophron of Pherae requested aid from the Phocians, and Onomarchos dispatched his brother, Phayllos, with 7,000 men; however, Philip repulsed this force before it could join up with the Pheraeans. Onomarchos then abandoned the siege he was prosecuting, and brought his whole force into Thessaly to attack Philip. The exact details of the campaign that followed are unclear, but Onomarchos seems to have inflicted two defeats on Philip, with many Macedonians killed in the process. After these defeats, Philip retreated to Macedon for the winter. He is said to have commented that he "did not run away but, like a ram, I pulled back to butt again harder".

Philip returned to Thessaly the next summer (either 353 or 352 BC, depending on the chronology followed), having gathered a new army in Macedon. Philip formally requested that the Thessalians join him in the war against the Phocians. Philip now mustered all the Thessalian opponents of Pherae that he could, and according to Diodorus, his final army numbered 20,000 infantry and 3,000 cavalry.

## Prelude

Both Buckler and Cawkwell suggest that Philip besieged the strategic port of Pagasae (effectively the harbour of Pherae) before the Battle of Crocus Field. By taking Pagasae, it is probable that Philip intended to prevent it being reinforced by sea; Buckler suggests that Philip had learnt his lesson from the previous campaign, and wanted to cut Pherae off from outside help before attacking it. Meanwhile, Onomarchos returned to Thessaly to try to preserve the Phocian ascendancy there, with approximately the same force as during the previous year. Furthermore, the Athenians dispatched Chares with a substantial fleet to help their Phocian allies, seeing the opportunity to strike a decisive blow against Philip. The Phocians and Athenians probably intended to rendezvous at Pagasae, since it was the only harbour the Athenian fleet could use, and since Philip was there anyway.

## Battle

Subsequent events are unclear, but a battle was fought between the Macedonians and the Phocians, probably as Philip tried to prevent the Phocians joining forces with the Pheraeans, and crucially, before the Athenians had arrived. No ancient source names the battlefield, but according to Diodorus the two armies met near the sea. The Krokion/Krokoton Pedion or 'Crocus Plain' (around modern Almyros in Magnesia, Thessaly region) seems the most suitable location, and the battle is therefore known to modern scholars as the Battle of Crocus Field; however, firmly identifying the battle-site has proved impossible.

Philip sent his men into battle wearing crowns of laurel, the symbol of Apollo, "as if he was the avenger ... of sacrilege, and he proceeded to battle under the leadership, as it were, of the god". Some of the Phocian mercenaries supposedly threw down their arms, troubled by their guilty consciences. In the ensuing battle, the bloodiest recorded in ancient Greek history, Philip won a decisive victory over the Phocians. The battle seems to have been won by superior numbers and by the valour of Philip's cavalry.

Fleeing from defeat, the Phocians ran to the sea, where Chares' fleet had arrived during the battle, but many men were killed during the pursuit, or drowned as they tried to reach the ships. In total, 6,000 Phocian troops had been killed, including Onomarchos, and another 3,000 taken prisoner. Onomarchos was either hanged or crucified and the other prisoners drowned, as ritual demanded for temple-robbers. These punishments were designed to deny the defeated an honourable burial; Philip thus continued to present himself as the pious avenger of the sacrilege committed by the Phocians. Buckler states that: "Nor should one automatically assume that a mass-drowning ... would shock the Greek world. Even the mild-tempered Isocrates felt that the Phocian mercenaries were better off dead than alive...Dreadful indeed was the punishment, but it was entirely consistent with Philip's role as Apollo's champion".

## Aftermath

It was probably in the aftermath of his victory (if not before) that the Thessalians appointed Philip *archon* of Thessaly. This was an appointment for life, and gave Philip control over all the revenues of the Thessalian Confederation, and furthermore made Philip leader of the united Thessalian army. The tyrants of Pherae, rather than suffer the fate of Onomarchos, struck a bargain with Philip and, in return for handing Pherae over to Philip, were allowed, along with 2,000 of their mercenaries, to go to Phocis. Philip spent some time reorganising Thessaly, and once satisfied he marched south to the pass of Thermopylae, the gateway to central Greece. He probably intended to follow up his victory over the Phocians by invading Phocis itself, a prospect which greatly alarmed the Athenians, since once he was past Thermopylae he could also march on Athens. The Athenians therefore dispatched a force to Thermopylae and occupied the pass; there is some debate as to whether other contingents may have joined the Athenians at Thermopylae. Although it might have proved possible to force the pass, Philip did not attempt to do so, preferring not to risk a defeat after his great successes in Thessaly.

Meanwhile, the Phocians regrouped under Onomarchos's brother, Phayllos. After the huge Phocian defeats at Neon and Crocus Field, Phayllos had to resort to doubling the pay for mercenaries, in order to attract enough to replenish his army. Despite their defeats however, the majority of the Phocians were still in favour of continuing the war. Over the winter of that year, Phayllos engaged in diplomatic efforts to gather more support from Phocian allies, and succeeding in widening the theatre of conflict in the next campaigning season. Uniquely in Greek history, the Phocians were able to absorb huge losses in manpower, thanks to their pillaging of Temple of Apollo, a factor which was to contribute to the war dragging on indecisively until 346 BC.

## Bibliography

### Ancient sources

### Modern sources

* Buckler, John (1989). *Philip II and the Sacred War*. Brill Archive. ISBN 90-04-09095-9.
* Buckley, Terry (1996). *Aspects of Greek history, 750-323 BC: a source-based approach*. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-09957-9.
* Cawkwell, George (1978). *Philip II of Macedon*. Faber & Faber. ISBN 0-571-10958-6.
* Green, Peter (2008). *Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Age*. Phoenix. ISBN 978-0-7538-2413-9.
* Green, Peter (2006). *Diodorus Siculus – Greek history 480–431 BC: the alternative version (translated by Peter Green)*. University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-71277-4.
* Hornblower, Simon (2002). *The Greek world, 479-323 BC*. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-16326-9.
* Sealey, Raphael (1976). *A history of the Greek city states, ca. 700-338 B.C.*. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03177-6.

## InfoBox

| Battle of Crocus Field | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the Third Sacred War and Rise of Macedon | |
| <br>Bust of Philip II of Macedon, whose army was victorious in the battle. | |
| Date 353 or 352 BC  Location Thessaly, Greece  Result Macedonian victory | |
| Belligerents | |
|  |  |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Philip II of Macedon |  |
| Strength | |
| * 20,000 foot * 3,000 horse | * 20,000 foot * 500 horse |
| Casualties and losses | |
| Unknown | up to 9,000 dead |


title: Bakovčica

abstract: Bakovčica is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D2 highway.

text:
# Bakovčica

**Bakovčica** is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D2 highway.

46°07′15″N 16°51′30″E / 46.12083°N 16.85833°E / 46.12083; 16.85833

## InfoBox

| Bakovčica | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Koprivnica-Križevci County |
| Area | |
| Total | 8.0 km2 (3.1 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 295 |
| Density | 37/km2 (96/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Ferdinando Cicconi

abstract: Ferdinando Cicconi was an Italian painter, active in a Romantic style.

text:
# Ferdinando Cicconi

**Ferdinando Cicconi** (1831  1886) was an Italian painter, active in a Romantic style.

## Biography

Ferdinando was born in Colli del Tronto, but studied in Rome at the Academy of St Luke under the direction of Tommaso Minardi. Returning to his native region, he decorated the anteroom of the Teatro Ventidio Basso of Ascoli Piceno and the Teatro of San Elpidio a Mare. He painted some patriotic canvases depicting a *Patriotic Demonstration at the Piazza del Popolo in Rome* and the *Entry of the Piedmontese Army through the Porta Maggiore* both displayed in the Pinacoteca civica of the commune of Colli del Tronto.

His colorful small villa, located between Colli del Tronto and Ascoli Piceno, has a striking rich and colorful facade, to which he contributed the design and decoration. On the facade are busts of Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael. Ciccone was unable to complete the interior fresco decoration.


title: 1969–70 County Antrim Shield

abstract: The 1969–70 County Antrim Shield was the 81st edition of the County Antrim Shield, a cup competition in Northern Irish football. Bangor won the tournament for the 1st time, defeating Ards 3–2 in the third final replay at Solitude after three previously drawn matches.

text:
# 1969–70 County Antrim Shield

The **1969–70 County Antrim Shield** was the 81st edition of the County Antrim Shield, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.

Bangor won the tournament for the 1st time, defeating Ards 3–2 in the third final replay at Solitude after three previously drawn matches.

## Results

### First round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ballyclare Comrades | 1–2 | **Linfield** |
| **Bangor** | 1–0 | Dunmurry Recreation |
| Chimney Corner | 2–2 | Ards |
| **Larne** | 1–0 | Glentoran |
| **Ballymena United** | bye |  |
| **Cliftonville** | bye |  |
| **Crusaders** | bye |  |
| **Distillery** | bye |  |

#### Replay

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ards | 1–1 | Chimney Corner |

#### Second replay

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Ards** | 2–1 | Chimney Corner |

### Quarter-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Ards** | 3–0 | Crusaders |
| Distillery | 0–4 | Bangor |
| **Larne** | 2–0 | Ballymena United |
| **Linfield** | 1–0 | Cliftonville |

### Semi-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Ards** | 3–1 | Linfield |
| Bangor | 1–1 | Larne |

#### Replay

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Bangor** | 1–0 | Larne |

### Final

| Bangor | 1–1 | Ards |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gregg  89' | Report | Shields  64' |

Solitude, BelfastReferee: J. Russell (Belfast)

#### Replay

| Bangor | 1–1 | Ards |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gregg  75'<br>Murphy | Report | Burke  85' |

Solitude, BelfastReferee: J. Russell (Belfast)

#### Second replay

| Bangor | 1–1 (a.e.t.) | Ards |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mulgrew  65' | Report | McAteer  33' |

Solitude, Belfast

#### Third replay

| Bangor | 3–2 | Ards |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Solitude, Belfast

## InfoBox

1969–70 County Antrim Shield
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Northern Ireland |
| Teams | 12 |
| Defending champions | Crusaders |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Bangor (1st win) |
| Runner-up | Ards |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 17 |
| Goals scored | 42 (2.47 per match) |
|  | |


title: Ernest Pointer

abstract: Ernest Pointer was an English professional footballer who made 28 appearances in the Football League playing for Small Heath. He played as a goalkeeper. Pointer was born in the Sparkbrook district of Birmingham. He began his football career with Redditch Town of the Birmingham & District League before joining Small Heath of the Football League Second Division in 1896. He made his debut on 12 September 1896 in a 4–3 defeat at Newcastle United, and kept his place throughout the 1896–97 season, at the end of which the club finished in fourth position. His erratic goalkeeping meant that was the only season he spent in the league team, and in 1898 he moved back to the Birmingham & District League with Worcester club Berwick Rangers. Returning to Small Heath two years later, he was unable to establish himself in the reserve team, let alone the first team, and soon dropped back to the Birmingham League again, this time with Kidderminster Harriers.

text:
# Ernest Pointer

**Ernest Pointer** (1872 – after 1900) was an English professional footballer who made 28 appearances in the Football League playing for Small Heath. He played as a goalkeeper.

Pointer was born in the Sparkbrook district of Birmingham. He began his football career with Redditch Town of the Birmingham & District League before joining Small Heath of the Football League Second Division in 1896. He made his debut on 12 September 1896 in a 4–3 defeat at Newcastle United, and kept his place throughout the 1896–97 season, at the end of which the club finished in fourth position. His erratic goalkeeping meant that was the only season he spent in the league team, and in 1898 he moved back to the Birmingham & District League with Worcester club Berwick Rangers. Returning to Small Heath two years later, he was unable to establish himself in the reserve team, let alone the first team, and soon dropped back to the Birmingham League again, this time with Kidderminster Harriers.

## InfoBox

Ernest Pointer
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | 1872 | | |
| Place of birth | Birmingham, England | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Redditch Town |  |  |
| 1896–1898 | Small Heath | 28 | (0) |
| 1898–1900 | Berwick Rangers (Worcester) |  |  |
| 1900–1901 | Small Heath | 0 | (0) |
| 1901–19?? | Kidderminster Harriers |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Augusto Bautista

abstract: Augusto "Totoy" Bautista was a Filipino basketball player who made it to six national teams within the span of 11 years. He was one of the best center-forwards in pre-war basketball. At the young age of 21, Totoy made the 1919 Far Eastern Games in Manila. For five successive FEAA Games, he made the national team: 1921 in Shanghai; 1923 in Osaka; 1925 in Manila; 1927 in Shanghai and 1930 in Tokyo. After completing his primary schooling in Malate, he moved to Paco Elementary then to Manila High. He started his college education at Jose Rizal College. The best Philippine showing in FEAA Games was in 1925 when the Filipinos swept both rounds. With him were Vicente Avena, Dionisio Calvo, Mariano Filomeno, Joaquin Iñigo, Pedro Robles, Jose Rodriguez, Alfredo Del Rosario, Lou Salvador and Mariano Sangle. Upon his retirement, Bautista served in various capacities in basketball, aside from being assistant coach to Del Rosario in the 1934 FEAA Games, he served in the same year in the defunct PAAF. In 1956, he was team manager of the basketball team in the Melbourne Olympics and again in 1960 Rome Olympics. Totoy once coached the Ateneo Blue Eagles and San Beda Red Lions, then shifted to officiating in the later forties in the NCAA and UAAP.

text:
# Augusto Bautista

**Augusto "Totoy" Bautista** was a Filipino basketball player who made it to six national teams within the span of 11 years. He was one of the best center-forwards in pre-war basketball.

At the young age of 21, Totoy made the 1919 Far Eastern Games in Manila. For five successive FEAA Games, he made the national team: 1921 in Shanghai; 1923 in Osaka; 1925 in Manila; 1927 in Shanghai and 1930 in Tokyo. After completing his primary schooling in Malate, he moved to Paco Elementary then to Manila High. He started his college education at Jose Rizal College.

The best Philippine showing in FEAA Games was in 1925 when the Filipinos swept both rounds. With him were Vicente Avena, Dionisio Calvo, Mariano Filomeno, Joaquin Iñigo, Pedro Robles, Jose Rodriguez, Alfredo Del Rosario, Lou Salvador and Mariano Sangle. Upon his retirement, Bautista served in various capacities in basketball, aside from being assistant coach to Del Rosario in the 1934 FEAA Games, he served in the same year in the defunct PAAF. In 1956, he was team manager of the basketball team in the Melbourne Olympics and again in 1960 Rome Olympics.

Totoy once coached the Ateneo Blue Eagles and San Beda Red Lions, then shifted to officiating in the later forties in the NCAA and UAAP.

## InfoBox

Augusto Bautista
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Filipino |
| Career information | |
| College | JRC |
| Position | Forward <br>Center |
| Medals      Men's basketball  Representing  Philippines  Far Eastern Games  1925 Manila  Team | |


title: 2C-TFM

abstract: 2C-TFM is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. It was first synthesized in the laboratory of David E. Nichols. It has also been called 2C-CF3, a name derived from the Para-trifluoromethyl group it contains.

text:
# 2C-TFM

**2C-TFM** is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. It was first synthesized in the laboratory of David E. Nichols. It has also been called **2C-CF3**, a name derived from the Para-trifluoromethyl group it contains.

## Chemistry

2C-TFM is a code that represents **4-trifluoromethyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine**. The full name of the chemical is 2-\[2,5-dimethoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl\]ethanamine.

## Dosage

A psychedelic dosage of 2C-TFM is reported to be 3–5 mg.

## Effects

Very little data exists, but some reports suggest 2C-TFM produces psychedelic (hallucinogenic/entheogenic) effects that last between 5 and 7 hours. It is considered to be the strongest 2C variation.

## Legality

### United States

2C-TFM is unscheduled and uncontrolled in the United States, but possession and sales of 2C-TFM could potentially be prosecuted under the Federal Analog Act because of its structural similarities to 2C-B and 2C-T-7. However, 2C-TFM, unlike many other phenethylamines, has not been widely sold by internet retailers. In the wake of Operation Web Tryp in July 2004, the issue of possession and sales of 2C-TFM and other similar chemicals will probably be resolved in the courtroom as well the fate of this rare but unique psychedelic. There have been no reported deaths or hospitalizations from 2C-TFM.

### Canada

As of October 31st, 2016, 2C-TFM is a controlled substance (Schedule III) in Canada.

## Pharmacology

The mechanism that produces the hallucinogenic and entheogenic effects of 2C-TFM is most likely to result from action as a 5-HT2A serotonin receptor agonist in the brain, a mechanism of action shared by all of the hallucinogenic tryptamines and phenethylamines. 2C-TFM displaced radiolabelled ketanserin from 5-HT2A/C receptors with a Ki of 74.5 nM, as compared to a Ki of 80.9 nM for the more well known 5-HT2A agonist DOI, indicating similar binding affinity at the receptor. The high binding affinity conferred by the 4-trifluoromethyl group is demonstrated by the fact that 2C-TFM is one of the only simple phenethylamines to rival the potency of psychedelic amphetamines like DOI and DOB, in both *in vitro* studies and human trials.

## Dangers

The toxicity of 2C-TFM is not known.

## Synthesis

It is noted in The Shulgin Index Volume 1: Psychedelic Phenethylamines and Related Compounds where the synthesis is written "from 2C-I (with trifluoroacetic anhydride) to 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-(trifluoroacetamido)ethane; (with methyl chlorodifluoroacetate, KF, Cul) to 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-(trifluoroacetamido)ethane; (with KOH) to 2C-TFM." The synthesis was published by Nichols and his research team. Since 2C-TFM is usually synthesised from 2C-I and the reaction does not generally consume all of the starting material, samples of 2C-TFM are likely to be contaminated with detectable traces of unreacted 2C-I, which may pose legal issues in jurisdictions where 2C-I is illegal, even though 2C-TFM itself may not be prohibited.

1. Nichols, D. E.; Frescas, S.; Marona-Lewicka, D.; Huang, X.; Roth, B. L.; Gudelsky, G. A.; Nash, J. F. (1994). "1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-aminopropane: A Potent Serotonin 5-HT2A/2C Agonist". *Journal of Medicinal Chemistry*. **37** (25): 4346–4351. doi:10.1021/jm00051a011. PMID 7996545. Archived from the original on 2014-02-02. Retrieved 2015-08-29.
2. Trachsel, D. (2012). "Fluorine in psychedelic phenethylamines". *Drug Testing and Analysis*. **4** (7–8): 577–590. doi:10.1002/dta.413. PMID 22374819. Archived from the original on 2013-12-12. Retrieved 2013-12-09.
3. "Regulations Amending the Food and Drug Regulations (Part J — 2C-phenethylamines)". *Canada Gazette*. Vol. 150, no. 9. 4 May 2016.
4. Shulgin, Alexander T.; Tania Manning; Paul F. Daley (2011). *The Shulgin Index Volume One Psychedelic Phenethylamines and Related Compounds*. Transform Press. ISBN 978-0-9630096-3-0.

## InfoBox

2C-TFM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name 2-\[2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl\]ethan-1-amine | |
| Other names 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenethylamine | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C11H14F3NO2/c1-16-9-6-8(11(12,13)14)10(17-2)5-7(9)3-4-15/h5-6H,3-4,15H2,1-2H3 YKey: LYXGNMLWYONZID-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y * InChI=1/C11H14F3NO2/c1-16-9-6-8(11(12,13)14)10(17-2)5-7(9)3-4-15/h5-6H,3-4,15H2,1-2H3Key: LYXGNMLWYONZID-UHFFFAOYAE | |
| SMILES * FC(F)(C1=C(OC)C=C(CCN)C(OC)=C1)F | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C11H14F3NO2 |
| Molar mass | 249.23 g/mol |
| Melting point | 260 °C (500 °F; 533 K) (hydrochloride) |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


abstract: The 2014 Campeonato Ecuatoriano de Fútbol de la Serie A was the 56th season of the Serie A, Ecuador's premier football league. Emelec successfully defended their title for their 12th overall.

text:
# 2014 Campeonato Ecuatoriano de Fútbol Serie A

The **2014 Campeonato Ecuatoriano de Fútbol de la Serie A** (officially known as the **Copa Pilsener Serie A** for sponsorship reasons) was the 56th season of the Serie A, Ecuador's premier football league.

Emelec successfully defended their title for their 12th overall.

## Format

The format for the season was played as in 2013 with the exception that the runner-up would not qualify to the Copa Sudamericana.

## Teams

Twelve teams competed in the 2014 Serie A season, ten of which remained from the previous season. Deportivo Quevedo and Macará were relegated to the Serie B after accumulating the fewest points in the 2013 season aggregate table. They were replaced by Olmedo and Mushuc Runa, the 2013 Serie B winner and runner-up, respectively. Olmedo was making a return to the Serie A after a one-year absence. Mushuc Runa were making their first appearance in the top-flight.

BarcelonaDeportivo CuencaDeportivo QuitoEl NacionalEmelecIndependiente del ValleLDU LojaLDU QuitoMantaMushuc RunaOlmedoUniversidad Católicaclass=notpageimage|Locations of the 2014 Serie A teams.

### Stadia and locations

*Note: Table lists in alphabetical order.*

| Team | Home city | Stadium | Capacity |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Barcelona | Guayaquil | Monumental Isidro Romero Carbo | 57,267 |
| Deportivo Cuenca | Cuenca | Alejandro Serrano Aguilar | 20,502 |
| Deportivo Quito | Quito | Olímpico Atahualpa | 35,258 |
| El Nacional | Quito | Olímpico Atahualpa | 35,258 |
| Emelec | Guayaquil | George Capwell | 21,388 |
| Independiente del Valle | Sangolquí | Rumiñahui | 7,233 |
| LDU Loja | Loja | Federativo Reina del Cisne | 13,359 |
| LDU Quito | Quito | Casa Blanca | 41,575 |
| Manta | Manta | Jocay | 17,834 |
| Mushuc Runa | Ambato | Bellavista | 16,467 |
| Olmedo | Riobamba | Olímpico de Riobamba | 14,400 |
| Universidad Católica | Quito | Olímpico Atahualpa | 35,258 |
|

### Personnel and kits

Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| Team | Manager | Captain | Kit manufacturer | Shirt sponsor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Barcelona | Rubén Israel | Matías Oyola | Marathon | Pilsener |
| Deportivo Cuenca | Guillermo Duró | Alejandro Frezzotti | Marathon | Metrocar |
| Deportivo Quito | Carlos Sevilla | Edison Vega | Fila | Prima Electronics |
| El Nacional | Octavio Zambrano | Marwin Pita | Lotto | Pilsener |
| Emelec | Gustavo Quinteros | Pedro Quiñónez | Warrior | Pilsener |
| Independiente del Valle | Pablo Repetto | Librado Azcona | Marathon | DirecTV |
| LDU Loja | Diego Ochoa | Pedro Larrea | Astro | Banco de Loja |
| LDU Quito | Luis Zubeldía | Norberto Araujo | Umbro | Budweiser |
| Manta | Jorge Alfonso | Efrén Mera | Astro | Atún Isabel |
| Mushuc Runa | Julio Asad | Sebastián Blázquez | AESA | Cooperativa de Ahorro
y Crédito Mushuc Runa |
| Olmedo | Juan Urquiza | Robinson Sánchez | Reusch | Acción Rural |
| Universidad Católica | Jorge Célico | Facundo Martínez | Astro | Discover |

### Managerial changes

| Team | Outgoing manager | Manner of
departure | Date of
vacancy | Replaced by | Date of
appointment | Position
in table |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pre-season changes | | | | | | |
| LDU Quito | Edgardo Bauza | Resigned | November 11, 2013 | Luis Zubeldía | November 26, 2013 | N/A |
| Olmedo | Héctor González | Replaced | December 12, 2013 | Gabriel Perrone | December 12, 2013 | N/A |
| Manta | Fabián Bustos | End of contract | December 8, 2013 | Juan Manuel Llop | December 18, 2013 | N/A |
| Deportivo Cuenca | Edgar Ospina | Replaced | December 19, 2013 | Roberto Mario Gómez | December 19, 2013 | N/A |
| First Stage changes | | | | | | |
| Deportivo Cuenca | Roberto Mario Gómez | Mutual agreement | March 2, 2014 | Guillermo Duró | March 12, 2014 | 11th |
| LDU Loja | Álex Aguinaga | Mutual agreement | March 20, 2014 | Diego Ochoa | March 20, 2014 | 3rd |
| Mushuc Runa | César Vigevani | Sacked | April 1, 2014 | Julio Asad | April 1, 2014 | 11th |
| Barcelona | Carlos Ischia | Contract terminated | May 21, 2014 | Rubén Israel | May 28, 2014 | 5th |
| Olmedo | Gabriel Perrone | Sacked | July 19, 2014 | Mario Saralegui | July 31, 2014 | 8th |
| Universidad Católica | Jorge Célico | Promoted to Director of football | August 5, 2014 | Luis Soler | August 5, 2014 | 6th |
| El Nacional | Carlos Sevilla | Contract terminated | August 5, 2014 | Octavio Zambrano | August 11, 2014 | 7th |
| Second Stage changes | | | | | | |
| Deportivo Quito | Juan Carlos Garay | Resigned | August 9, 2014 | Carlos Sevilla | August 10, 2014 | 7th |
| Manta | Juan Manuel Llop | Resigned | August 14, 2014 | Armando Osma | August 15, 2014 | 12th |
| Universidad Católica | Luis Soler | Sacked | October 7, 2014 | Jorge Célico | October 7, 2014 | 11th |
| Olmedo | Mario Saralegui | Resigned | October 7, 2014 | Héctor González | October 7, 2014 | 10th |
| Manta | Armando Osma | Mutual agreement | October 11, 2014 | Jorge Alfonso | October 11, 2014 | 12th |
| Olmedo | Héctor González | Replaced | November 16, 2014 | Juan Urquiza | November 16, 2014 | 11th |

1. Edgardo Bauza's exit was confirmed on November 11, 2013. However, he would vacate the position at the end of the 2013 season. His replacement, Luis Zubeldía, was confirmed on November 26, 2013 and would assume the managerial position upon Bauza's official exit. 2. Interim manager. 3. Interim manager, but later promoted to full-time manager. 4. Héctor González was interim manager in the 21st round.

## First stage

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Emelec | 22 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 35 | 14 | +21 | 44 | Third stage and Copa Libertadores second stage |
| 2 | Independiente del Valle | 22 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 36 | 18 | +18 | 40 |  |
| 3 | LDU Loja | 22 | 11 | 3 | 8 | 25 | 31 | 6 | | 36 |
| 4 | Barcelona | 22 | 10 | 5 | 7 | 26 | 18 | +8 | | 35 |
| 5 | LDU Quito | 22 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 20 | 22 | 2 | | 29 |
| 6 | Universidad Católica | 22 | 8 | 4 | 10 | 26 | 28 | 2 | | 28 |
| 7 | El Nacional | 22 | 8 | 3 | 11 | 26 | 35 | 9 | | 27 |
| 8 | Deportivo Quito | 22 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 20 | 22 | 2 | | 26 |
| 9 | Olmedo | 22 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 21 | 24 | 3 | | 26 |
| 10 | Mushuc Runa | 22 | 7 | 5 | 10 | 19 | 24 | 5 | | 26 |
| 11 | Manta | 22 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 21 | 29 | 8 | | 23 |
| 12 | Deportivo Cuenca | 22 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 21 | 31 | 10 | | 23 |

Updated to match(es) played on 3 August 2014. Source: Ecuafutbol

### Results

| Home \ Away | BAR | CUE | QUI | NAC | EME | IDV | LDL | LDQ | MAN | MUR | OLM | CAT |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Barcelona |  | 2–1 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 1–2 | 2–0 | 4–0 | 0–0 | 1–0 | 3–0 | 0–0 | 2–1 |
| Deportivo Cuenca | 0–1 |  | 0–1 | 1–2 | 1–0 | 1–1 | 0–1 | 0–0 | 3–0 | 3–2 | 1–1 | 2–1 |
| Deportivo Quito | 2–1 | 3–1 |  | 3–0 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 2–3 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 0–1 |
| El Nacional | 1–0 | 1–3 | 1–1 |  | 2–0 | 2–4 | 2–0 | 0–1 | 1–2 | 1–1 | 0–3 | 2–1 |
| Emelec | 2–0 | 3–0 | 2–0 | 5–1 |  | 0–0 | 3–1 | 3–0 | 4–1 | 1–0 | 0–2 | 2–1 |
| Independiente del Valle | 0–0 | 3–0 | 2–0 | 2–3 | 0–0 |  | 4–0 | 0–0 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 6–0 | 0–0 |
| LDU Loja | 1–1 | 2–1 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 1–2 | 1–2 |  | 1–0 | 1–0 | 1–2 | 1–0 | 1–0 |
| LDU Quito | 2–1 | 3–0 | 2–0 | 1–0 | 0–0 | 3–2 | 2–2 |  | 0–2 | 0–0 | 2–2 | 0–2 |
| Manta | 1–3 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 1–0 | 1–3 | 0–1 | 4–2 | 1–0 |  | 1–1 | 1–1 | 0–1 |
| Mushuc Runa | 0–0 | 1–1 | 1–0 | 0–1 | 1–0 | 0–1 | 0–1 | 1–2 | 2–1 |  | 1–0 | 1–2 |
| Olmedo | 2–1 | 0–1 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 0–1 | 0–1 | 1–0 | 0–0 | 2–3 |  | 2–0 |
| Universidad Católica | 2–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–3 | 0–2 | 4–3 | 1–1 | 3–1 | 2–1 | 0–1 | 1–2 |  |

Updated to match(es) played on August 3, 2014. Source:
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.

## Second stage

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Barcelona | 22 | 15 | 3 | 4 | 33 | 16 | +17 | 48 | Third stage and Copa Libertadores second stage |
| 2 | Independiente del Valle | 22 | 14 | 4 | 4 | 42 | 18 | +24 | 46 |  |
| 3 | Emelec | 22 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 40 | 22 | +18 | | 44 |
| 4 | LDU Quito | 22 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 38 | 22 | +16 | | 40 |
| 5 | El Nacional | 22 | 8 | 5 | 9 | 23 | 26 | 3 | | 29 |
| 6 | Universidad Católica | 22 | 8 | 4 | 10 | 25 | 30 | 5 | | 28 |
| 7 | Deportivo Cuenca | 22 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 23 | 29 | 6 | | 28 |
| 8 | LDU Loja | 22 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 21 | 31 | 10 | | 22 |
| 9 | Mushuc Runa | 22 | 4 | 9 | 9 | 19 | 30 | 11 | | 21 |
| 10 | Manta | 22 | 5 | 5 | 12 | 25 | 35 | 10 | | 20 |
| 11 | Deportivo Quito | 22 | 4 | 8 | 10 | 17 | 32 | 15 | | 20 |
| 12 | Olmedo | 22 | 3 | 7 | 12 | 18 | 33 | 15 | | 16 |

Updated to match(es) played on 14 December 2014. Source: Ecuafutbol

### Results

| Home \ Away | BAR | CUE | QUI | NAC | EME | IDV | LDL | LDQ | MAN | MUR | OLM | CAT |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Barcelona |  | 2–2 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 1–4 | 3–1 | 1–0 | 0–1 | 3–0 | 2–0 | 0–0 |
| Deportivo Cuenca | 0–2 |  | 0–0 | 2–1 | 2–1 | 0–1 | 1–0 | 1–2 | 1–0 | 1–1 | 3–1 | 1–0 |
| Deportivo Quito | 1–3 | 0–0 |  | 0–4 | 2–2 | 3–0 | 3–2 | 2–3 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–0 |
| El Nacional | 1–4 | 2–1 | 0–0 |  | 0–1 | 0–1 | 1–1 | 0–0 | 2–1 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 1–1 |
| Emelec | 0–1 | 3–0 | 3–0 | 5–0 |  | 1–0 | 3–1 | 0–1 | 2–1 | 3–1 | 1–0 | 2–1 |
| Independiente del Valle | 2–1 | 4–0 | 2–0 | 0–1 | 5–0 |  | 1–1 | 3–1 | 4–0 | 1–0 | 1–1 | 4–0 |
| LDU Loja | 0–1 | 1–1 | 4–0 | 1–0 | 0–2 | 0–0 |  | 1–0 | 2–0 | 2–1 | 0–3 | 1–2 |
| LDU Quito | 0–0 | 1–1 | 3–0 | 2–1 | 2–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 |  | 2–0 | 5–1 | 5–1 | 1–2 |
| Manta | 2–4 | 2–1 | 1–1 | 2–1 | 1–3 | 2–3 | 3–0 | 3–3 |  | 3–0 | 0–0 | 1–1 |
| Mushuc Runa | 2–0 | 1–2 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 0–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–0 |  | 1–1 | 2–0 |
| Olmedo | 0–1 | 2–2 | 1–0 | 1–2 | 1–1 | 2–3 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 1–0 | 1–2 |  | 0–3 |
| Universidad Católica | 0–1 | 2–1 | 1–0 | 0–2 | 2–5 | 1–2 | 4–1 | 1–2 | 2–1 | 1–1 | 1–0 |  |

Updated to match(es) played on December 14, 2014. Source:
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.

## Aggregate table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Emelec | 44 | 27 | 7 | 10 | 75 | 36 | +39 | 88 | Copa Libertadores second stage and Copa Sudamericana first stage |
| 2 | Independiente del Valle | 44 | 25 | 11 | 8 | 78 | 36 | +42 | 86 | Copa Libertadores first stage |
| 3 | Barcelona | 44 | 25 | 8 | 11 | 59 | 34 | +25 | 83 | Copa Libertadores second stage |
| 4 | LDU Quito | 44 | 18 | 15 | 11 | 58 | 44 | +14 | 69 | Copa Sudamericana first stage |
| 5 | LDU Loja | 44 | 16 | 10 | 18 | 48 | 62 | 14 | | 58 |
| 6 | Universidad Católica | 44 | 16 | 8 | 20 | 51 | 58 | 7 | | 56 |
| 7 | El Nacional | 44 | 16 | 8 | 20 | 49 | 61 | 12 | 56 |  |
| 8 | Deportivo Cuenca | 44 | 13 | 12 | 19 | 44 | 60 | 16 | | 51 |
| 9 | Mushuc Runa | 44 | 11 | 14 | 19 | 38 | 54 | 16 | | 47 |
| 10 | Deportivo Quito | 44 | 10 | 16 | 18 | 37 | 54 | 17 | | 46 |
| 11 | Manta | 44 | 11 | 10 | 23 | 46 | 64 | 18 | 43 | 2015 Serie B |
| 12 | Olmedo | 44 | 9 | 15 | 20 | 39 | 57 | 18 | | 42 |

Updated to match(es) played on 14 December 2014. Source: Ecuafutbol
Notes:

## Third stage

Emelec and Barcelona qualified to the Finals (Third Stage) by being the First Stage and Second Stage winners, respectively. The winner will be the Serie A champion and earn the *Ecuador 1* berth in the 2015 Copa Libertadores and in the 2015 Copa Sudamericana, and the loser will be the Serie A runner-up and earn the *Ecuador 2* berth in the 2015 Copa Libertadores. By having the greater number of points in the aggregate table, Emelec will play the second leg at home.

| Barcelona | 1–1 | Emelec |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Blanco  88' | Report | Mena  19' |

Estadio Monumental Isidro Romero Carbo, GuayaquilAttendance: 63,686Referee: Omar Ponce

---

| Emelec | 3–0 | Barcelona |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mena  22'
M. Bolaños  81', 87' | Report |  |

Estadio George Capwell, GuayaquilAttendance: 23,459Referee: Carlos Vera

*Emelec won 4–1 on aggregate.*

| Campeonato Ecuatoriano de Fútbol
2014 Serie A champion |
| --- |
| **Emelec
12th title** |

## Top goalscorers

| Rank | Player | Nationality | Club | Goals |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Armando Wila | ECU | Universidad Católica | 20 |
| 2 | Miller Bolaños | ECU | Emelec | 19 |
| 3 | Junior Sornoza | ECU | Independiente del Valle | 17 |
| 4 | Daniel Angulo | ECU | Independiente del Valle | 16 |
| 5 | Juan Manuel Cobelli | ARG | Deportivo Cuenca | 14 |
| | Angel Mena | ECU | Emelec | 14 |
| 7 | Maximiliano Barreiro | ARG | Mushuc Runa | 13 |
| 8 | Ismael Blanco | ARG | Barcelona | 12 |
| | Henry Patta | ECU | Universidad Católica | 12 |
| 10 | Juan Luis Anangonó | ECU | LDU Quito | 11 |
| | Miller Castillo | ECU | Manta | 11 |
|

1. "Marcha atrás! El campeonato 2014 se jugará con el formato del 2013". 6 January 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
2. "Edgardo Bauza ya no será el técnico de Liga de Quito". Archived from the original on 2013-11-13.
3. "Luis Zubeldía es el nuevo DT de Liga de Quito". Archived from the original on 2013-11-29.
4. Corp, Misiva. "futbolecuador.com -". *www.futbolecuador.com*.
5. Corp, Misiva. "futbolecuador.com -". *www.futbolecuador.com*.
6. "Mario Gómez nuevo técnico del Cuenca". *CRE Satelital* (in Spanish). December 19, 2013.
7. "Partidos y Resultados" (in Spanish). ecuafutbol.org. Archived from the original on 2014-02-14. Retrieved March 30, 2014.
8. "Partidos y Resultados" (in Spanish). ecuafutbol.org. Archived from the original on July 7, 2017. Retrieved March 30, 2014.
9. "Conoce el saldo de taquilla que dejó la primera final". *Ecuagol.com* (in Spanish). Ecuagol. 17 December 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
10. "Clásico del Astillero futboliza a todo Ecuador". *ElUniverso.com* (in Spanish). El Universo. 21 December 2014. Retrieved 22 December 2014.

## InfoBox

Copa Pilsener Serie A
| Season | 2014 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Emelec
(12th title) |
| Relegated | Manta
Olmedo |
| 2015 Copa Libertadores | Emelec
Barcelona
Independiente del Valle |
| 2015 Copa Sudamericana | Emelec
LDU Quito
LDU Loja
Universidad Católica |
| Matches played | 266 |
| Goals scored | 625 (2.35 per match) |
| Top goalscorer | Armando Wila
(20 goals) |
| Biggest home win | Independiente 6–0 Olmedo
(July 6) |
| Biggest away win | Deportivo Quito 0–4 El Nacional
(September 26) |
| Highest scoring | Universidad Católica 4–3 Independiente del Valle
(February 2)
Universidad Católica 2–5 Emelec
(October 22) |
| Longest winning run | Barcelona — 7 matches
(August 17-October 1) |
| Longest unbeaten run | Independiente del Valle — 20 matches
(May 4-November 2) |
| Longest winless run | Olmedo — 16 matches
(July 13-October 19) |
| Longest losing run | Deportivo Cuenca — 5 matches
(February 16-March 16)
Universidad Católica — 5 matches
(September 14-October 5)
LDU Loja — 5 matches
(November 19-December 10) |
| 2013 2015 | |


title: Fair (band)

abstract: Fair is an American alternative rock band currently signed to Tooth & Nail Records. It was created in 2005 from members of Aaron Sprinkle's touring band – Sprinkle, fellow Poor Old Lu alum Nick Barber, Erick Newbill, and Joey Sanchez. The band released its debut album, The Best Worst-Case Scenario, in June 2006.

text:
# Fair (band)

**Fair** is an American alternative rock band currently signed to Tooth & Nail Records. It was created in 2005 from members of Aaron Sprinkle's touring band – Sprinkle, fellow Poor Old Lu alum Nick Barber, Erick Newbill, and Joey Sanchez.

The band released its debut album, *The Best Worst-Case Scenario*, in June 2006.

## Members

* Aaron Sprinkle – lead vocals, guitar
* Erick Newbill – guitar, vocals
* Joey Sanchez – drums, percussion
* Nick Barber – bass guitar, vocals

## Discography

### Albums

| Title | Release date | Label | Chart positions |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Top 200 |
| *The Best Worst-Case Scenario* | June 6, 2006 | Tooth & Nail Records |  |
| *Disappearing World* | February 9, 2010 | |  |

## InfoBox

| Fair | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Seattle, Washington, U.S. |
| Genres | Alternative rock |
| Years active | 2005–2012 (hiatus) |
| Labels | Tooth & Nail |
|  | |
| Members |  |
|  | |
| Website | fairforever.com |


title: Frank McClellan

abstract: James Franklin McClellan was an American high school football coach. He was the head football coach for Vaiden High School from 1967 to 1968, McAdams High School in 1969, Barton High School from 1970 to 1979 and from 1981 to 2005, and Durant High School in 1980. He is the all-time winningest coach in Arkansas high school football history with a total of 349 wins. He also coached for West Tallahatchie High School. He played college football for Holmes and Delta State.

text:
# Frank McClellan

**James Franklin McClellan** (November 17, 1940 – April 18, 2020) was an American high school football coach. He was the head football coach for Vaiden High School from 1967 to 1968, McAdams High School in 1969, Barton High School from 1970 to 1979 and from 1981 to 2005, and Durant High School in 1980. He is the all-time winningest coach in Arkansas high school football history with a total of 349 wins. He also coached for West Tallahatchie High School. He played college football for Holmes and Delta State.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Vaiden Bulldogs** *()* (1967–1968) | | | | | | | | |
| 1967 | Vaiden | 4–6 |  |  |  |
| 1968 | Vaiden | 4–6 |  |  |  |
| **Vaiden:** | | 8–12 |  |  | | | | |
| **McAdams Bulldogs** *()* (1969) | | | | | | | | |
| 1969 | McAdams | 7–2–1 |  |  |  |
| **McAdams:** | | 7–2–1 |  |  | | | | |
| **Barton Bears** *()* (1970–1979) | | | | | | | | |
| 1970 | Barton | 5–5 | 2–5 |  |  |
| 1971 | Barton | 7–3 | 3–3 |  |  |
| 1972 | Barton | 6–3–1 | 4–1–1 |  |  |
| 1973 | Barton | 10–1 | 6–0 | 1st |  |
| 1974 | Barton | 9–1 | 5–1 |  |  |
| 1975 | Barton | 7–2–1 | 5–1–1 |  |  |
| 1976 | Barton | 8–2 | 6–1 |  |  |
| 1977 | Barton | 10–1 | 7–0 | 1st |  |
| 1978 | Barton | 14–0 | 7–0 | 1st |  |
| 1979 | Barton | 7–2–1 | 5–2 |  |  |
| **Durant Tigers** *()* (1980) | | | | | | | | |
| 1980 | Durant | 6–3 |  |  |  |
| **Durant:** | | 6–3 |  |  | | | | |
| **Barton Bears** *()* (1981–2005) | | | | | | | | |
| 1981 | Barton | 9–4 | 5–0 | 1st |  |
| 1982 | Barton | 11–2 | 5–0 | 1st |  |
| 1983 | Barton | 9–1 | 5–0 | 1st |  |
| 1984 | Barton | 6–3 | 4–1 |  |  |
| 1985 | Barton | 7–3 | 5–0 | 1st |  |
| 1986 | Barton | 13–0 | 5–0 | 1st |  |
| 1987 | Barton | 13–0 | 4–0 | 1st |  |
| 1988 | Barton | 14–0 | 4–0 | 1st |  |
| 1989 | Barton | 11–0 | 3–0 | 1st |  |
| 1990 | Barton | 12–1 | 4–0 | 1st |  |
| 1991 | Barton | 10–1 | 7–0 | 1st |  |
| 1992 | Barton | 10–1 | 6–0 | 1st |  |
| 1993 | Barton | 13–0 | 8–0 | 1st |  |
| 1994 | Barton | 13–0 | 8–0 | 1st |  |
| 1995 | Barton | 12–1 | 8–0 | 1st |  |
| 1996 | Barton | 12–1 | 7–0 | 1st |  |
| 1997 | Barton | 15–0 | 7–0 | 1st |  |
| 1998 | Barton | 8–4 | 6–2 |  |  |
| 1999 | Barton | 11–1 | 7–0 | 1st |  |
| 2000 | Barton | 12–1 | 8–0 | 1st |  |
| 2001 | Barton | 12–2 | 8–0 | 1st |  |
| 2002 | Barton | 10–2 | 8–1 |  |  |
| 2003 | Barton | 13–1 | 8–0 |  |  |
| 2004 | Barton | 6–4 | 5–3 | 4th |  |
| 2005 | Barton | 4–6 | 4–5 | 6th |  |
| **Barton:** | | 349–59–3 | 199–26–2 |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 370–65–4 |  | | | | | | |
| National championship         Conference title         Conference division title or championship game berth | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Frank McClellan
| Biographical details | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1940-11-17)November 17, 1940
Sallis, Mississippi, U.S. |
| Died | (2020-04-18)April 18, 2020
Marvell, Arkansas, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Delta State College |
| Playing career | |
| 1959–1960 | Holmes |
| 1961–1963 | Delta State |
|  | |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| Football | |
| 1965–1966 | West Tallahatchie HS (MS) (line) |
| 1967–1968 | Vaiden HS (MS) |
| 1969 | McAdams HS (MS) |
| 1970–1979 | Barton HS (AR) |
| 1980 | Durant HS (MS) |
| 1981–2005 | Barton HS (AR) |
| Track and field | |
| 1969 | McAdams HS (MS) |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 370–65–4 |
|  | |


title: 2014 Match des Champions

abstract: The 2014 Match des Champions was the 9th edition of the annual super cup game in French basketball. This year the reigning LNB Pro A champions Limoges CSP faced off against French Cup champions JSF Nanterre. The game was played in the Kindarena in Rouen. Nanterre won the game 54–70 and Kyle Weems was named Most Valuable Player of the 2015 Match.

text:
# 2014 Match des Champions

The **2014 Match des Champions** was the 9th edition of the annual super cup game in French basketball. This year the reigning LNB Pro A champions Limoges CSP faced off against French Cup champions JSF Nanterre. The game was played in the Kindarena in Rouen.

Nanterre won the game 54–70 and Kyle Weems was named Most Valuable Player of the 2015 Match.

## Match

| Limoges CSP | 54**70** | **JSF Nanterre** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** 12–14, 22–33, 36–52, 54–70 | | |
| **Pts:** Smith 13
**Rebs:** Moerman 7
**Asts:** Moerman 4 |  | **Pts:** Weems 13
**Rebs:** Jaiteh 10
**Asts:** *2 players* 3 |

| Starters: Pts Reb Ast   PG **9**  Léo Westermann     SG **5**  Jamar Smith     SF **16**  Nobel Boungou Colo     PF **18**  Adrien Moerman     **13**  J.P. Batista     Reserves:  **12**  Ousmane Camara     **10**  Lamine Kante     **14**  Frejus Zerbo     **17**  Pape-Philippe Amagou     **25**  Ramel Curry     PF **44**  Trent Plaisted     Head coach:  Jean-Marc Dupraz | MVP  Kyle Weems Game rules Game was played under FIBA rules.  2014 Match des Champions Winners  **JSF Nanterre**
(1st title) | Starters: Pts Reb Ast   PG **11**  Jamal Shuler     SG **8**  Jérémy Nzeulie     SF **10**  Mykal Riley     PF **34**  Kyle Weems     **14**  Mouhammadou Jaiteh     Reserves:  PG **3**  Keydren Clark     **5**  Marc Judith     PG **7**  Joseph Gomis     **13**  Johan Passave-Ducteil     PF **21**  Laurence Ekperigin     Head coach:  Pascal Donnadieu |
| --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

2014 Match des Champions
| JSF Nanterre Limoges CSP   70  54 | |
| --- | --- |
| 1 2 3 4 Total  JSF Nanterre 14 19 19 18 70  Limoges CSP 12 10 14 18 54 | |
| Date | September 23, 2014 |
| Venue | Kindarena, Rouen |
| MVP | Kyle Weems |
|


title: 2011 UEFA Europa League final

abstract: The 2011 UEFA Europa League final was the final match of the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League, the 40th season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the second season since it was renamed from UEFA Cup to UEFA Europa League. The match was played at the Aviva Stadium in Dublin, Republic of Ireland, on 18 May 2011, between two Portuguese teams – Porto and Braga – for the first time in UEFA competition finals. Porto won 1–0 and secured their second title in the competition, following a successful appearance in the 2003 UEFA Cup Final. The man of the match was Colombian striker Radamel Falcao, who scored the winning goal and further cemented his 2010–11 UEFA Europa League top scorer tally with a tournament record of 17 goals. As the winners, Porto earned the right to play against the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League winners, Barcelona, in the 2011 UEFA Super Cup.

text:
# 2011 UEFA Europa League final

The **2011 UEFA Europa League final** was the final match of the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League, the 40th season of Europe's secondary club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the second season since it was renamed from UEFA Cup to UEFA Europa League. The match was played at the Aviva Stadium in Dublin, Republic of Ireland, on 18 May 2011, between two Portuguese teams – Porto and Braga – for the first time in UEFA competition finals.

Porto won 1–0 and secured their second title in the competition, following a successful appearance in the 2003 UEFA Cup Final. The man of the match was Colombian striker Radamel Falcao, who scored the winning goal and further cemented his 2010–11 UEFA Europa League top scorer tally with a tournament record of 17 goals.

As the winners, Porto earned the right to play against the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League winners, Barcelona, in the 2011 UEFA Super Cup.

## Background

The qualification of Porto and Braga for the 2011 UEFA Europa League Final ensured it would be the first all-Portuguese final in UEFA competitions, and only the second European tie between Portuguese teams, after the semi-final meeting between Braga and Benfica. Overall, it was the eighth UEFA Cup or UEFA Europa League final featuring two clubs from the same national association. A distance of 47.4 km (29.5 mi) separated the cities of Porto and Braga, the smallest between opponents in a UEFA competition final. The previous record was 83.8 km (52.1 mi), set at the 1988 UEFA Super Cup between PSV Eindhoven of the Netherlands and KV Mechelen of Belgium.

Porto secured its presence in a major UEFA competition final for the fifth time, after victorious campaigns at the 1986–87 European Cup (2–1 against Bayern Munich), 2002–03 UEFA Cup (3–2 against Celtic) and 2003–04 UEFA Champions League (3–0 against Monaco), and a runner-up place in the 1984 European Cup Winners' Cup Final (lost 2–1 against Juventus). The club also competed three times in the UEFA Super Cup – won in 1987 (2–0 in aggregate, against Ajax) and lost in 2003 (1–0 against Milan) and 2004 (2–1 against Valencia) – and grabbed two Intercontinental Cup titles in 1987 (1–0 against Peñarol of Uruguay) and 2004 (0–0, 8–7 on penalties, against Once Caldas of Colombia).

Braga qualified for a UEFA competition final for the first time. Before reaching the Dublin final, the club's best European result was a place in the last 16 of the 2006–07 and 2008–09 UEFA Cup seasons. Participation in the 2008–09 UEFA Cup was achieved via the 2008 UEFA Intertoto Cup, where Braga was one of the eleven third-round winners. Having reached the furthest in the UEFA Cup, among the Intertoto Cup teams, Braga were considered the outright winners of the final season of this competition. In contrast to the extended national and international curriculum of Porto, Braga had just one major title in their history: the 1966 Portuguese Cup.

A UEFA Champions League regular, Porto finished third in the 2009–10 Primeira Liga and thus missed a place in the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League, entering instead in the UEFA Europa League play-off round. This was the first time Porto competed in UEFA's second competition since winning the 2002–03 tournament. Braga, on the other hand, finished the Portuguese league in a historic second place, which granted them participation in the UEFA Champions League for the first time. Braga reached the group stage by successively knocking out high-profile opponents, such as Celtic and Sevilla, in the second and third qualifying rounds, respectively. The club concluded the group stage in third place, behind Shakhtar Donetsk and Arsenal, and was relegated into the UEFA Europa League round of 32.

## Venue

The Aviva Stadium in Dublin, Republic of Ireland, was selected to host the final match of the 2011 UEFA Europa League, at a meeting of the UEFA Executive Committee, on 29 January 2009. A bid from the then under-construction Irish venue was put forward by the Football Association of Ireland (FAI) and the Dublin City Council. It had competition from Arsenal's Emirates Stadium, but as Wembley Stadium was picked to host the Champions League final, Arsenal's bid was ruled out on the grounds that UEFA does not allow the same country to host its two major competition finals in the same season. This selection confirmed that Ireland would host its first-ever European football club competition final.

The new 50,000 all-seater stadium was built on the site of the old Lansdowne Road ground, with the intention of continuing the location as the home of the Irish national rugby and football teams. Demolition work began in late May 2007 and lasted two months. Erection of the infrastructure initiated in January 2009, and by October, the roof was fully installed; in the following month, construction of the pitch took place. The stadium was completed and handed over in April 2010 to the FAI and Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU). It was officially opened on 14 May 2010, and on 11 August 2010 hosted its first international football match, between the Republic of Ireland and Argentina.

On 12 February 2009, the naming rights for the new stadium were bought by the British multi-national insurance company Aviva, for a ten-year period. However, because UEFA sponsorship regulations forbid advertising of brands outside of the organisation during competition matches, the venue would be referred as "Dublin Arena" during the final. Venue preparations for the final included the removal of every advertising and stadium branding elements unrelated with UEFA and its official sponsor partners. Stadium director Martin Murphy explained that the whole process was a "big operation", through which they had to "cover the signs on the stadium facade itself" and that "the three tiers \[would\] have Uefa  \[*sic*\] branding across them, covering any existing sponsors." It also involved an increase in the number of media facilities and seats.

## Route to the final

| Porto | | | | Round | Braga | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Europa League** | | | |  | **Champions League** | | | |
|
| Opponent | Agg. | 1st leg | 2nd leg | Qualifying phase (EL, CL) | Opponent | Agg. | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Bye | | | | Third qualifying round | Celtic | 4–2 | 3–0 (H) | 1–2 (A) |
| Genk | 7–2 | 3–0 (A) | 4–2 (H) | Play-off round | Sevilla | 5–3 | 1–0 (H) | 4–3 (A) |
| Opponent | Result | | | Group stage (EL, CL) | Opponent | Result | | |
| Rapid Wien | 3–0 (H) | | | Matchday 1 | Arsenal | 0–6 (A) | | |
| CSKA Sofia | 1–0 (A) | | | Matchday 2 | Shakhtar Donetsk | 0–3 (H) | | |
| Beşiktaş | 3–1 (A) | | | Matchday 3 | Partizan | 2–0 (H) | | |
| Beşiktaş | 1–1 (H) | | | Matchday 4 | Partizan | 1–0 (A) | | |
| Rapid Wien | 3–1 (A) | | | Matchday 5 | Arsenal | 2–0 (H) | | |
| CSKA Sofia | 3–1 (H) | | | Matchday 6 | Shakhtar Donetsk | 0–2 (A) | | |
| **Group L winners**     Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification  1  Porto 6 5 1 0 14 4 +10 16 Advance to knockout phase  2  Beşiktaş 6 4 1 1 9 6 +3 13  3  Rapid Wien 6 1 0 5 5 12 7 3   4  CSKA Sofia 6 1 0 5 4 10 6 3   Source: Soccerway | | | | Final standings | **Group H third place**     Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification  1  Shakhtar Donetsk 6 5 0 1 12 6 +6 15 Advance to knockout phase  2  Arsenal 6 4 0 2 18 7 +11 12  3  Braga 6 3 0 3 5 11 6 9 Transfer to Europa League  4  Partizan 6 0 0 6 2 13 11 0    Source: Soccerway | | | |
| **Europa League** | | | | | | | | |
| Opponent | Agg. | 1st leg | 2nd leg | Knockout phase | Opponent | Agg. | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| Sevilla | 2–2 () | 2–1 (A) | 0–1 (H) | Round of 32 | Lech Poznań | 2–1 | 0–1 (A) | 2–0 (H) |
| CSKA Moscow | 3–1 | 1–0 (A) | 2–1 (H) | Round of 16 | Liverpool | 1–0 | 1–0 (H) | 0–0 (A) |
| Spartak Moscow | 10–3 | 5–1 (H) | 5–2 (A) | Quarter-finals | Dynamo Kyiv | 1–1 () | 1–1 (A) | 0–0 (H) |
| Villarreal | 7–4 | 5–1 (H) | 2–3 (A) | Semi-finals | Benfica | 2–2 () | 1–2 (A) | 1–0 (H) |

## Pre-match

### Identity

UEFA unveiled the visual identity of the 2011 UEFA Europa League final in a ceremony held on 30 November 2010 at Dublin's Convention Centre. Attending this event were delegates of the local civic authorities, the Irish government and the FAI. London-based brand agency Desigwerk was again awarded the task of conceiving the visual identity for a UEFA competition event, after the 2005 and 2007 UEFA Champions League finals and the UEFA Euro 2008. The Dublin Arena was depicted as the focal element of the logo design, as the stadium is "the ultimate destination for the fans on their journey", according to UEFA's head of club competitions, Michael Heselschwerdt. He further explained that the visual identity contained "very clear and specific mentions and visual references to Dublin, to the Celtic setting and history, and to the local visual iconography".

### Ticketing

Due to security reasons, the 50,000-seat Dublin Arena had its capacity reduced to 47,000 for the UEFA Europa League final. Ticket sales for the general public were carried out in two phases. The first phase was open exclusively for Irish residents from 16 December 2010 to 13 January 2011. Applications were submitted online to UEFA and the FAI for a maximum of two tickets from one of the four available price categories. Validated requests were entered into a ballot to determine which applications would be allocated tickets; successful applicants were notified by 26 January and received the tickets by 25 April. FAI chief executive John Delaney revealed that 7,000 tickets were sold during this phase, from a total of 21,000 applications, and that an additional 3,000 tickets were already allocated to the FAI grassroots. On 21 February, a second phase was opened for the international public, and lasted until 21 March. First-phase procedures were also applied to the international ticket sales. Ticket ballot notifications were concluded by 31 March and tickets were delivered by 18 April.

Each finalist club was assigned 12,000 tickets, most of which from the lowest priced category. Porto requested their full share, which they sold to annual seat-owner club members, during an initial phase, and then to the remaining club membership. Braga did not make complete use of their portion, returning a part of their allotted tickets.

### Ambassador

Former Republic of Ireland and Liverpool midfielder Ronnie Whelan was presented by UEFA as the ambassador for the Dublin 2011 UEFA Europa League final, during the draw for the competition's group stage, held on 27 August 2010 at the Grimaldi Forum in Monaco. Arriving at the Merseyside club in 1979, Whelan became an important piece of the 1980s Liverpool team, winning six English titles, two FA Cups and three League Cups, as well as the 1984 European Cup. He helped the Republic of Ireland reach the 1988 UEFA European Football Championship, its first major international tournament; he was also in the squads that qualified Ireland to the 1990 and 1994 FIFA World Cups.

The UEFA Europa League trophy was handed over by UEFA to the city of Dublin, in a ceremony held on 19 April 2011, at the Royal Hospital Kilmainham. During the event that marked the one-month countdown to the 2011 UEFA Europa League final, UEFA president Michel Platini entrusted the cup to Gerry Breen, Lord Mayor of Dublin, so that it would go into public display throughout the Irish capital until the day of the final. Representatives from Atlético Madrid, the first Europa League winners – namely president Enrique Cerezo, managing director Clemente Villaverde, and defender Álvaro Dominguez. FAI chief executive John Delaney, and the final ambassador Ronnie Whelan were also in attendance. Upon accepting the trophy, Breen stated that "Irish football fans have travelled the world supporting the Republic of Ireland but this is the first time that an event like this has come to our shores and this will be a major occasion for the city".

A trophy tour was set up so that the general public could see closely the award in various sites of Dublin, such as the General Post Office, the Dublin City Hall, and the recently built airport terminal 2.

### Officials

The refereeing team for the 2011 UEFA Europa League final was provided by the Royal Spanish Football Federation and led by referee Carlos Velasco Carballo. Velasco Carballo began refereeing in the Spanish Primera División in 2004, and in April 2005 he was selected as the fourth official for three matches in the elite round of the 2005 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship. In 2008, he was promoted to the FIFA list of international referees and refereed his first international matches in the elite qualification round of the 2008 UEFA European Under-19 Championship. He took charge of his first UEFA Champions League qualifying match later that year, followed by another in the 2009–10 season, as well as six UEFA Europa League matches. In 2010–11, he refereed his first matches in the UEFA Champions League proper, including three group stage games and the first leg of the semi-final between Schalke 04 and Manchester United.

Velasco Carballo's refereeing team was all-Spanish: he was supported by assistant referees Roberto Alonso Fernández and Jesús Calvo Guadamuro on the touchlines, and Carlos Clos Gómez and Antonio Rubinos Pérez in the penalty areas, as well as fourth official David Fernández Borbolán and reserve assistant referee Juan Carlos Yuste Jiménez.

### Team selection

Porto midfielder João Moutinho missed his team's final league match against Marítimo, following an injury in the previous game against Paços de Ferreira, but recovered in time to be included in André Villas-Boas's picks for the Europa League final. Brazilian players Hulk, Fernando, and goalkeeper Helton were also called by Villas-Boas after resting against Marítimo, in exchange for Polish keeper Paweł Kieszek and Argentine winger Mariano González, who were not inscribed in the Europa League. Among the players unfit to play in Dublin due to more serious injuries or physical restraints were the Uruguayans Jorge Fucile (broken collarbone) and Cristian Rodríguez, as well as Portuguese leftback Emídio Rafael (broken fibula).

Braga's manager Domingos Paciência had no major physical impediments among his players. Despite pre-selected for the league match against Sporting, defenders Miguel Garcia and Alberto Rodríguez, and striker Paulo César were deemed unfit to play and were left out by caution. They were reintegrated in the group that was to play in Dublin.

## Match

### Summary

Coming into this final once again as underdogs, Braga quickly showed signs of their intent as Custódio missed an early chance to goal with a wide shot from the right side of the penalty area. In response, in the 7th minute, Hulk jinked three Braga defenders and sent the ball inches away from the top-left corner. Soon after, Braga transitioned into a more defensive strategy, holding much of Porto's attacks. The rest of the first half was characterised by few opportunities and excessive tackling, until the 44th minute, when Porto broke the deadlock. A loose pass from Alberto Rodriguez allowed Fredy Guarín to recover the ball on the midfield and execute a perfect deep cross for unmarked Radamel Falcao to conclude with a header into the top left corner, out of reach for Braga's keeper Artur Moraes. This was Falcao's 17th goal in the competition, which further cemented his already confirmed 2010–11 UEFA Europa League top scorer status, and contributed for his pick as man of the match.

Paciência introduced Kaká and Márcio Mossoró into the game, right after half-time, and it took no time for the latter to create Braga's best opportunity to level the score. Stealing the ball from an unaware Rolando, he raced towards Helton only to see his shot defended by the keeper's legs. Braga began pressing Porto and substitute Meyong had a chance for goal on the 77th minute, but his shot at the edge of the box ended in Helton's hands. Porto continued holding off Braga's attempts and created more danger in counter-attacks, but the score would not change until the final whistle.

### Details

| Porto | 1–0 | Braga |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Falcao  44' | Report |  |

Aviva Stadium, DublinAttendance: 45,391Referee: Carlos Velasco Carballo (Spain)

| GK **1**  Helton ()  90'  RB **21**  Cristian Săpunaru  49'  CB **14**  Rolando  90+3'  CB **30**  Nicolás Otamendi  LB **5**  Álvaro Pereira  DM **25**  Fernando  CM **6**  Fredy Guarín   73'  CM **8**  João Moutinho  RW **12**  Hulk  LW **17**  Silvestre Varela   79'  CF **9**  Radamel Falcao  **Substitutes:**  GK **24**  Beto  DF **4**  Maicon  MF **7**  Fernando Belluschi   73'  MF **23**  Souza  MF **28**  Rúben Micael  FW **18**  Walter  FW **19**  James Rodríguez   79'  **Manager:**  André Villas-Boas |  | GK **1**  Artur Moraes  RB **15**  Miguel Garcia  55'  CB **3**  Paulão  CB **2**  Alberto Rodríguez   46'  LB **28**  Sílvio  30'  CM **27**  Custódio  CM **88**  Vandinho ()  AM **45**  Hugo Viana  24'  46'  RW **30**  Alan  LW **9**  Paulo César  CF **18**  Lima   66'  **Substitutes:**  GK **42**  Cristiano  DF **4**  Kaká  80'  46'  DF **20**  Elderson Echiéjilé  MF **8**  Márcio Mossoró  59'  46'  MF **25**  Leandro Salino  FW **10**  Hélder Barbosa  FW **19**  Albert Meyong   66'  **Manager:**  Domingos Paciência |
| --- | --- | --- |

### Statistics

## InfoBox

2011 UEFA Europa League final
| Match programme cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Event | 2010–11 UEFA Europa League |
|  | |
| Date | 18 May 2011 |
| Venue | Aviva Stadium, Dublin |
| Man of the Match | Radamel Falcao (Porto) |
| Referee | Carlos Velasco Carballo (Spain) |
| Attendance | 45,391 |
| Weather | Cloudy
13 °C (55 °F)
54% humidity |
|