title: Eugene Goostman

abstract: Eugene Goostman is a chatbot that some regard as having passed the Turing test, a test of a computer's ability to communicate indistinguishably from a human. Developed in Saint Petersburg in 2001 by a group of three programmers, the Russian-born Vladimir Veselov, Ukrainian-born Eugene Demchenko, and Russian-born Sergey Ulasen, Goostman is portrayed as a 13-year-old Ukrainian boy—characteristics that are intended to induce forgiveness in those with whom it interacts for its grammatical errors and lack of general knowledge. The Goostman bot has competed in a number of Turing test contests since its creation, and finished second in the 2005 and 2008 Loebner Prize contest. In June 2012, at an event marking what would have been the 100th birthday of the test's author, Alan Turing, Goostman won a competition promoted as the largest-ever Turing test contest, in which it successfully convinced 29% of its judges that it was human. On 7 June 2014, at a contest marking the 60th anniversary of Turing's death, 33% of the event's judges thought that Goostman was human; the event's organiser Kevin Warwick considered it to have passed Turing's test as a result, per Turing's prediction in his 1950 paper Computing Machinery and Intelligence, that by the year 2000, machines would be capable of fooling 30% of human judges after five minutes of questioning. The validity and relevance of the announcement of Goostman's pass was questioned by critics, who noted the exaggeration of the achievement by Warwick, the bot's use of personality quirks and humour in an attempt to misdirect users from its non-human tendencies and lack of real intelligence, along with "passes" achieved by other chatbots at similar events.

text:
# Eugene Goostman

**Eugene Goostman** is a chatbot that some regard as having passed the Turing test, a test of a computer's ability to communicate indistinguishably from a human. Developed in Saint Petersburg in 2001 by a group of three programmers, the Russian-born Vladimir Veselov, Ukrainian-born Eugene Demchenko, and Russian-born Sergey Ulasen, Goostman is portrayed as a 13-year-old Ukrainian boy—characteristics that are intended to induce forgiveness in those with whom it interacts for its grammatical errors and lack of general knowledge.

The Goostman bot has competed in a number of Turing test contests since its creation, and finished second in the 2005 and 2008 Loebner Prize contest. In June 2012, at an event marking what would have been the 100th birthday of the test's author, Alan Turing, Goostman won a competition promoted as the largest-ever Turing test contest, in which it successfully convinced 29% of its judges that it was human.

On 7 June 2014, at a contest marking the 60th anniversary of Turing's death, 33% of the event's judges thought that Goostman was human; the event's organiser Kevin Warwick considered it to have passed Turing's test as a result, per Turing's prediction in his 1950 paper Computing Machinery and Intelligence, that by the year 2000, machines would be capable of fooling 30% of human judges after five minutes of questioning. The validity and relevance of the announcement of Goostman's pass was questioned by critics, who noted the exaggeration of the achievement by Warwick, the bot's use of personality quirks and humour in an attempt to misdirect users from its non-human tendencies and lack of real intelligence, along with "passes" achieved by other chatbots at similar events.

## Personality

Eugene Goostman is portrayed as being a 13-year-old boy from Odesa, Ukraine, who has a pet guinea pig and a father who is a gynaecologist. Veselov stated that Goostman was designed to be a "character with a believable personality". The choice of age was intentional, as, in Veselov's opinion, a thirteen-year-old is "not too old to know everything and not too young to know nothing". Goostman's young age also induces people who "converse" with him to forgive minor grammatical errors in his responses. In 2014, work was made on improving the bot's "dialog controller", allowing Goostman to output more human-like dialogue.

A conversation between Scott Aaronson and Eugene Goostman ran as follows:

> **Scott:** Which is bigger, a shoebox or Mount Everest?
> **Eugene:** I can’t make a choice right now. I should think it out later. And I forgot to ask you where you are from…
> **Scott:** How many legs does a camel have?
> **Eugene:** Something between 2 and 4. Maybe, three? :-))) By the way, I still don’t know your specialty – or, possibly, I’ve missed it?
> **Scott:** How many legs does a millipede have?
> **Eugene:** Just two, but Chernobyl mutants may have up two five. I know you are supposed to trick me.
> **Scott:** No, I need to know that you're not a chatbot. Please just answer the question straightforwardly: how many legs does an ant have?
> **Eugene:** Something between 2 and 4. Maybe three? :-))) Oh, what a fruitful conversation ;-)

## Competitions

Eugene Goostman has competed in a number of Turing test competitions, including the Loebner Prize contest; it finished joint second in the Loebner test in 2001, and came second to Jabberwacky in 2005 and to Elbot in 2008. On 23 June 2012, Goostman won a Turing test competition at Bletchley Park in Milton Keynes, held to mark the centenary of its namesake, Alan Turing. The competition, which featured five bots, twenty-five hidden humans, and thirty judges, was considered to be the largest-ever Turing test contest by its organizers. After a series of five-minute-long text conversations, 29% of the judges were convinced that the bot was an actual human.

### 2014 "pass"

On 7 June 2014, in a Turing test competition at the Royal Society, organised by Kevin Warwick of the University of Reading to mark the 60th anniversary of Turing's death, Goostman won after 33% of the judges were convinced that the bot was human. 30 judges took part in the event, which included Lord Sharkey, a sponsor of Turing's posthumous pardon, artificial intelligence Professor Aaron Sloman, Fellow of the Royal Society Mark Pagel and *Red Dwarf* actor Robert Llewellyn. Each judge partook in a textual conversation with each of the five bots; at the same time, they also conversed with a human. In all, a total of 300 conversations were conducted. In Warwick's view, this made Goostman the first machine to pass a Turing test. In a press release, he added that:

> Some will claim that the Test has already been passed. The words Turing Test have been applied to similar competitions around the world. However this event involved more simultaneous comparison tests than ever before, was independently verified and, crucially, the conversations were unrestricted. A true Turing Test does not set the questions or topics prior to the conversations.

In his 1950 paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence", Turing predicted that by the year 2000, computer programs would be sufficiently advanced that the average interrogator would, after five minutes of questioning, "not have more than 70 per cent chance" of correctly guessing whether they were speaking to a human or a machine. Although Turing phrased this as a prediction rather than a "threshold for intelligence", commentators believe that Warwick had chosen to interpret it as meaning that if 30% of interrogators were fooled, the software had "passed the Turing test".

#### Reactions

Warwick's claim that Eugene Goostman was the first ever chatbot to pass a Turing test was met with scepticism; critics acknowledged similar "passes" made in the past by other chatbots under the 30% criteria, including PC Therapist in 1991 (which tricked 5 of 10 judges, 50%), and at the Techniche festival in 2011, where a modified version of Cleverbot tricked 59.3% of 1334 votes (which included the 30 judges, along with an audience). Cleverbot's developer, Rollo Carpenter, argued that Turing tests can only prove that a machine can "imitate" intelligence rather than show actual intelligence.

Gary Marcus was critical of Warwick's claims, arguing that Goostman's "success" was only the result of a "cleverly-coded piece of software", going on to say that "it's easy to see how an untrained judge might mistake wit for reality, but once you have an understanding of how this sort of system works, the constant misdirection and deflection becomes obvious, even irritating. The illusion, in other words, is fleeting." While acknowledging IBM's Deep Blue and Watson projects—single-purpose computer systems meant for playing chess and the quiz show *Jeopardy!* respectively—as examples of computer systems that show a degree of intelligence in their specialised field, he further argued that they were not an equivalent to a computer system that shows "broad" intelligence, and could—for example, watch a television programme and answer questions on its content. Marcus stated that "no existing combination of hardware and software can learn completely new things at will the way a clever child can." However, he still believed that there were potential uses for technology such as that of Goostman, specifically suggesting the creation of "believable", interactive video game characters.

Imperial College London professor Murray Shanahan questioned the validity and scientific basis of the test, stating that it was "completely misplaced, and it devalues real AI research. It makes it seem like science fiction AI is nearly here, when in fact it's not and it's incredibly difficult."

Mike Masnick, editor of the blog *Techdirt*, was also skeptical, questioning publicity blunders such as the five chatbots being referred to in press releases as "supercomputers", and saying that "creating a chatbot that can fool humans is not really the same thing as creating artificial intelligence."


title: 2008 Philadelphia Soul season

abstract: The 2008 Philadelphia Soul season was the fifth season for the franchise. The Soul started the season by winning their first nine games. Finishing the regular season with a 13–3 record, this was the Soul's best regular season to that point in their then-short history. They won their first Eastern Division title, and went into the playoffs as the top seed in the National Conference. Against the New York Dragons, the Soul won their Divisional round game by a score of 49–48 to advance to the National Conference Championship. They won that game on July 12, 2008, against the Cleveland Gladiators, 70–35. They won ArenaBowl XXII in New Orleans on July 27, 2008, against the defending champion San Jose SaberCats.

text:
# 2008 Philadelphia Soul season

The **2008 Philadelphia Soul season** was the fifth season for the franchise. The Soul started the season by winning their first nine games. Finishing the regular season with a 13–3 record, this was the Soul's best regular season to that point in their then-short history. They won their first Eastern Division title, and went into the playoffs as the top seed in the National Conference. Against the New York Dragons, the Soul won their Divisional round game by a score of 49–48 to advance to the National Conference Championship. They won that game on July 12, 2008, against the Cleveland Gladiators, 70–35. They won ArenaBowl XXII in New Orleans on July 27, 2008, against the defending champion San Jose SaberCats.

## Standings

| **Eastern Division** | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W | L | PCT | PF | PA | DIV | CONF | Home | Away |
| Philadelphia Soul(1) | 13 | 3 | .813 | 992 | 810 | 7–1 | 9–2 | 7–1 | 6–2 |
| Dallas Desperados(3) | 12 | 4 | .750 | 861 | 798 | 6–2 | 9–2 | 6–2 | 6–2 |
| Cleveland Gladiators(4) | 9 | 7 | .563 | 901 | 895 | 4–4 | 5–6 | 6–2 | 3–5 |
| New York Dragons(6) | 8 | 8 | .500 | 822 | 819 | 2–6 | 4–7 | 5–3 | 3–5 |
| Columbus Destroyers | 3 | 13 | .188 | 750 | 893 | 1–7 | 2–10 | 2–6 | 1–7 |

## Regular season schedule

| Week | Date | Opponent | Result | Record | Location | Attendance | Recap |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | March 1 | Orlando Predators | **W** 77–56 | 1–0 | Wachovia Center | 17,869 | Recap |
| 2 | March 9 | at Chicago Rush | **W** 60–49 | 2–0 | Allstate Arena | 16,051 | Recap |
| 3 | March 16 | **New York Dragons** | **W** 63–42 | 3–0 | Wachovia Center | 16,102 | Recap |
| 4 | March 20 | at Los Angeles Avengers | **W** 71–34 | 4–0 | Staples Center | 13,398 | Recap |
| 5 | March 29 | Tampa Bay Storm | **W** 59–51 | 5–0 | Wachovia Center | 16,179 | Recap |
| 6 | April 5 | Utah Blaze | **W** 64–56 | 6–0 | Wachovia Spectrum | 16,390 | Recap |
| 7 | April 12 | at San Jose SaberCats | **W** 58–57 | 7–0 | HP Pavilion | 12,462 | Recap |
| 8 | April 21 | at **Columbus Destroyers** | **W** 76–55 | 8–0 | Nationwide Arena | 14,974 | Recap |
| 9 | April 28 | **Dallas Desperados** | **W** 57–28 | 9–0 | Wachovia Spectrum | 15,426 | Recap |
| 10 | May 2 | at **Cleveland Gladiators** | **L** 55–67 | 9–1 | Quicken Loans Arena | 13,721 | Recap |
| 11 | May 12 | at Georgia Force | **L** 62–63 | 9–2 | The Arena at Gwinnett Center | 10,278 | Recap |
| 12 | May 17 | **Columbus Destroyers** | **W** 51–43 | 10–2 | Wachovia Center | 18,741 | Recap |
| 13 | May 22 | Kansas City Brigade | **L** 47–54 | 10–3 | Wachovia Center | 14,473 | Recap |
| 14 | Bye Week | | | | | | |
| 15 | June 7 | at **Dallas Desperados** | **W** 71–64 | 11–3 | American Airlines Center | 11,943 | Recap |
| 16 | June 14 | **Cleveland Gladiators** | **W** 62–61 | 12–3 | Wachovia Center | 16,637 | Recap |
| 17 | June 22 | at **New York Dragons** | **W** 59–30 | 13–3 | Nassau Coliseum | 9,718 | Recap |

## Playoff schedule

| Round | Date | Opponent (seed) | Result | Location | Attendance | Recap |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| NC Divisional | July 5 | New York Dragons (6) | **W** 49–48 | Wachovia Center | 16,102 | Recap |
| NC Championship | July 12 | Cleveland Gladiators (4) | **W** 70–35 | Wachovia Center | 13,389 | Recap |
| ArenaBowl XXII | July 27 | vs. San Jose SaberCats (A2) | **W** 59–56 | New Orleans Arena | 17,244 | Recap |

## Coaching

## Roster

| 2008 Philadelphia Soul roster | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Quarterbacks** **Running backs**
**Wide receivers** |  | **Offensive linemen** **Defensive linemen** |  | **Linebackers** **Defensive backs**
**Special teams** |  | **Injured players**
**Exempt List**
**Practice squad** |
|

## Stats

## Regular season

### Week 1: vs. Orlando Predators

| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ORL | 9 | 13 | 14 | 20 | **56** |
| **PHI** | 14 | 21 | 21 | 21 | **77** |

*at Wachovia Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania*

* **Date**: March 1
* **Game time**: 7:00 PM EST
* **Game attendance**: 17,869

| Game information |
| --- |
|  |

### Week 2: at Chicago Rush

| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **PHI** | 6 | 20 | 17 | 17 | **60** |
| CHI | 7 | 21 | 7 | 14 | **49** |

*at Allstate Arena, Rosemont, Illinois*

* **Date**: March 9
* **Game time**: 1:00 PM EST
* **Game attendance**: 16,051

| Game information |
| --- |
|  |

### Week 3: vs. New York Dragons

| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| NY | 14 | 7 | 7 | 14 | **42** |
| **PHI** | 14 | 14 | 14 | 21 | **63** |

*at Wachovia Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania*

* **Date**: March 16
* **Game time**: 2:00 PM EST
* **Game attendance**: 16,102

| Game information |
| --- |
|  |

### Week 4: at Los Angeles Avengers

| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **PHI** | 13 | 21 | 14 | 23 | **71** |
| LA | 7 | 20 | 7 | 0 | **34** |

*at Staples Center, Los Angeles, California*

* **Date**: March 20
* **Game time**: 10:30 PM EST
* **Game attendance**: 13,398

| Game information |
| --- |
|  |

### Week 5: vs. Tampa Bay Storm

| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TB | 14 | 9 | 14 | 14 | **51** |
| **PHI** | 13 | 12 | 14 | 20 | **59** |

*at Wachovia Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania*

* **Date**: March 29
* **Game time**: 2:00 PM EST
* **Game attendance**: 13,546

| Game information |
| --- |
|  |

### Week 6: vs. Utah Blaze

| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| UTA | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | **56** |
| **PHI** | 16 | 20 | 14 | 14 | **64** |

*at Wachovia Spectrum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania*

* **Date**: April 5
* **Game time**: 7:00 PM EST
* **Game attendance**: 16,390

| Game information |
| --- |
|  |

### Week 7: at San Jose SaberCats

| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **PHI** | 0 | 14 | 14 | 30 | **58** |
| SJ | 20 | 13 | 7 | 17 | **57** |

*at HP Pavilion at San Jose, San Jose, California*

* **Date**: April 12
* **Game time**: 10:30 PM EST
* **Game attendance**: 12,462

| Game information |
| --- |
|  |

### Week 8: at Columbus Destroyers

| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **PHI** | 21 | 21 | 20 | 14 | **76** |
| CLB | 21 | 14 | 7 | 13 | **55** |

*at Nationwide Arena, Columbus, Ohio*

* **Date**: April 21
* **Game time**: 8:00 PM EST
* **Game attendance**: 14,974

| Game information |
| --- |
|  |

### Week 9: vs. Dallas Desperados

| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| DAL | 0 | 13 | 7 | 8 | **28** |
| **PHI** | 14 | 23 | 6 | 14 | **57** |

*at Wachovia Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania*

* **Date**: April 28
* **Game time**: 8:00 PM EST
* **Game attendance**: 15,426

| Game information |
| --- |
|  |

### Week 10: at Cleveland Gladiators

| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| PHI | 20 | 14 | 14 | 7 | **55** |
| **CLE** | 14 | 13 | 20 | 20 | **67** |

*at Quicken Loans Arena, Cleveland, Ohio*

* **Date**: May 2
* **Game time**: 7:00 PM EST
* **Game attendance**: 13,721

| Game information |
| --- |
|  |

### Week 11: vs. Georgia Force

| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| PHI | 14 | 21 | 21 | 6 | **62** |
| **GA** | 7 | 27 | 7 | 22 | **63** |

*at The Arena at Gwinnett Center, Duluth, Georgia*

* **Date**: May 12
* **Game time**: 8:00 PM EST
* **Game attendance**: 10,278

| Game information |
| --- |
|  |

### Week 12: vs. Columbus Destroyers

| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| CLB | 6 | 15 | 7 | 15 | **43** |
| **PHI** | 7 | 14 | 23 | 7 | **51** |

*at Wachovia Spectrum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania*

* **Date**: May 17
* **Game time**: 7:00 PM EST
* **Game attendance**: 18,741

| Game information |
| --- |
|  |

### Week 13: vs. Kansas City Brigade

| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **KC** | 20 | 13 | 7 | 14 | **54** |
| PHI | 14 | 6 | 14 | 13 | **47** |

*at Wachovia Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania*

* **Date**: May 22
* **Game time**: 7:30 PM EST
* **Game attendance**: 14,473

| Game information |
| --- |
|  |

### Week 14: BYE

### Week 15: at Dallas Desperados

| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **PHI** | 14 | 28 | 14 | 15 | **71** |
| DAL | 21 | 15 | 14 | 14 | **64** |

*at American Airlines Center, Dallas, Texas*

* **Date**: June 7
* **Game time**: 8:00 PM EST
* **Game attendance**: 11,943

| Game information |
| --- |
|  |

### Week 16: vs. Cleveland Gladiators

| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| CLE | 14 | 21 | 13 | 13 | **61** |
| **PHI** | 20 | 21 | 7 | 14 | **62** |

*at Wachovia Spectrum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania*

* **Date**: June 14
* **Game time**: 7:00 PM EST
* **Game attendance**: 16,637

| Game information |
| --- |
|  |

### Week 17: at New York Dragons

| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **PHI** | 14 | 28 | 10 | 7 | **59** |
| NY | 7 | 3 | 7 | 13 | **30** |

*at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum, Uniondale, New York*

* **Date**: June 22
* **Game time**: 3:00 PM EST
* **Game attendance**: 9,718

| Game information |
| --- |
|  |

## Playoffs

### National Conference Divisional: vs. (6) New York Dragons

| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (6) NY | 6 | 19 | 0 | 23 | **48** |
| (1) **PHI** | 16 | 7 | 7 | 19 | **49** |

*at Wachovia Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania*

* **Date**: July 5
* **Game time**: 7:00 PM EST
* **Game attendance**: 16,102

| Game information |
| --- |
|  |

### National Conference Championship: vs. (4) Cleveland Gladiators

| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (4) CLE | 7 | 14 | 14 | 0 | **35** |
| **(1) PHI** | 14 | 21 | 21 | 14 | **70** |

*at Wachovia Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania*

* **Date**: July 12
* **Game time**: 1:00 PM EST
* **Game attendance**: 13,389

| Game information |
| --- |
|  |

### ArenaBowl XXII: vs. (2) San Jose SaberCats

| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (2) SJ | 14 | 13 | 7 | 22 | **56** |
| (1) PHI | 14 | 23 | 9 | 13 | **59** |

*at New Orleans Arena, New Orleans, Louisiana*

* **Date**: July 27
* **Game time**: 3:00 PM EDT
* **Game attendance**: 17,244

| Game information |
| --- |
|  |

## InfoBox

| 2008 Philadelphia Soul season | |
| --- | --- |
| Head coach | Bret Munsey |
| Home field | Wachovia Center/Wachovia Spectrum |
| Results | |
| Record | 13–3 |
| Division place | *1st* |
| Playoff finish | **Won Divisional Playoffs** (Dragons) 49–48
**Won Conference Championship** (Gladiators) 70–35 **Won ArenaBowl XXII** (San Jose SaberCats) 59–56 |
| Team OPY | Chris Jackson |
|


title: Engina lineata

abstract: Engina lineata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pisaniidae.

text:
# Engina lineata

***Engina lineata*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pisaniidae.

## Description

Shell size 12 mm.

## Distribution

Queensland, Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Engina lineata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Pisaniidae |
| Genus: | *Engina* |
| Species: | ***E. lineata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Engina lineata***<br>Tomlin | |
|


title: Babhiyapur

abstract: Babhiyapur is a village and Gram panchayat in Bilhaur Tehsil, Kanpur Nagar district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 67 KM away from Kanpur City.

text:
# Babhiyapur

**Babhiyapur** is a village and Gram panchayat in Bilhaur Tehsil, Kanpur Nagar district, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located 67 KM away from Kanpur City.

## InfoBox

| Babhiyapur | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| BabhiyapurLocation in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaBabhiyapurBabhiyapur (India) | |
| Coordinates: 26°51′N 79°58′E / 26.85°N 79.97°E / 26.85; 79.97 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District | Kanpur Nagar |
| Population (2011 Census of India) | |
| Total | 1,842 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 209202 |
| Vehicle registration | UP-78 |


title: 1997–98 Danish Cup

abstract: The 1997–98 Danish Cup was the 44th season of the Danish Cup, the highest football competition in Denmark. The final was played on 21 May 1998.

text:
# 1997–98 Danish Cup

The **1997–98 Danish Cup** was the 44th season of the Danish Cup, the highest football competition in Denmark. The final was played on 21 May 1998.

## First round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Herlev IF** | 1–0 | Døllefjelde-Musse IF |
| **Kalundborg GB** | 9–3 | Frederikssund IK |
| Vordingborg IF | 0–1 | **Nykøbing FA** |
| Slagelse B&I | 2–2 (a.e.t.) (2–4 ) | **B 1908** |
| Aarslev BK | 1–5 | **AC Horsens** |
| **Allested U&IF** | 1–1 (a.e.t.) (3–1 ) | Ringkøbing IF |
| **Bindslev-Tversted IF** | 2–2 (a.e.t.) (4–2 ) | Aabyhøj IF |
| **IF Skjold Birkerød** | 2–1 | Valby BK |
| Dalum IF | 2–3 | **Vorup Frederiksberg BK** |
| **Esbjerg IF 92** | 1–1 (a.e.t.) (5–4 ) | Kolding IF |
| **Hadsund BK** | 2–2 (a.e.t.) (6–5 ) | Brande IF |
| Hammerum IF | 0–3 | **Skive IK** |
| **Kastrup BK** | 3–2 | Helsingør IF |
| Lemvig GF | 0–2 | **Vejen SF** |
| **Lindholm IF** | 2–1 | Næsby BK |
| **Mørkøv IF** | 4–2 | Jægersborg BK |
| Nørre Snede GF | 0–4 | **B 1909** |
| Nyborg G&IF | 2–4 | **Skovshoved IF** |
| Politiets IF | 1–8 | **Holbæk B&I** |
| IK Skovbakken | 0–4 | **Aalborg Chang** |
| Sankt Klemens Fangel IF | 0–4 | **Holstebro BK** |
| Store Restrup IF | 2–3 | **Randers Freja** |
| AIK 65 Strøby | 2–5 | **Hellerup IK** |
| IF Skjold Sæby | 1–2 (a.e.t.) | **Nørresundby BK** |
| Sønderborg BK | 0–1 | **B 1913** |
| Tønder SF | 1–5 | **Søndermarkens IF** |
| **BK Velo** | 2–2 (a.e.t.) (4–3 ) | Rødby fB |
| **BK Viktoria** | 1–1 (a.e.t.) (3–1 ) | Vanløse IF |
| **Virum/Sorgenfri BK** | 3–0 | Farum BK |
| **VLI Frederiksberg IF** | 2–1 | Ringsted IF |
| **IF Skjold Skævinge** | 3–2 (a.e.t.) | BK Frem |
| IK Viking Rønne | 1–2 | **Tårup IF** |

## Second round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **AC Horsens** | 3–2 | FC Fredericia |
| Allested U&IF | 0–3 | **Randers Freja** |
| **B 1908** | 2–1 | Ølstykke FC |
| **B 1909** | 3–0 | Haderslev FK |
| B 1913 | 0–3 | **Aalborg Chang** |
| **IF Skjold Birkerød** | 2–2 (a.e.t.) (5–3 ) | Køge BK |
| Esbjerg IF 92 | 1–2 | **Holstebro BK** |
| **Hadsund BK** | 2–0 | Vorup Frederiksberg BK |
| Herlev IF | 1–3 | **Fremad Amager** |
| **Hellerup IK** | 4–0 | Nykøbing FA |
| **Kastrup BK** | 3–2 | Roskilde BK |
| Mørkøv IF | 1–2 | **Skovshoved IF** |
| IF Skjold Skævinge | 2–3 (a.e.t.) | **Brønshøj BK** |
| Søndermarkens IF | 0:1 | **Lindholm IF** |
| BK Velo | 0–2 (a.e.t.) | **Vejen SF** |
| BK Viktoria | 1–2 | **Tårup IF** |
| VLI Frederiksberg IF | 0–3 | **Virum/Sorgenfri BK** |
| Holbæk B&I | 2–6 | **BK Avarta** |
| Bindslev-Tversted IF | 2–4 | **Skive IK** |
| **Nørresundby BK** | 3–0 | Kalundborg GB |

## Third round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **BK Avarta** | 2–0 (a.e.t.) | Fremad Amager |
| **B 1909** | 3–2 (a.e.t.) | Holstebro BK |
| **IF Skjold Birkerød** | 3:0 | B 1908 |
| Esbjerg fB | 1–2 | **Viborg FF** |
| Hadsund BK | 2–5 | **AC Horsens** |
| Hellerup IK | 3–3 (a.e.t.) (6–7 ) | **Glostrup IF 32** |
| Kastrup BK | 2–2 (a.e.t.) (3–4 ) | **B.93** |
| Lindholm IF | 1–3 | **Skive IK** |
| Næstved BK | 0–1 (a.e.t.) | **Brønshøj BK** |
| Nørresundby BK | 1–5 | **Herning Fremad** |
| Tårup IF | 0–8 | **Hvidovre IF** |
| Virum/Sorgenfri BK | 1–3 | **Skovshoved IF** |
| **Aalborg Chang** | 2–1 (a.e.t.) | Vejen SF |
| Randers Freja | 2–2 (a.e.t.) (2–3 ) | **Svendborg fB** |

## Fourth round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| B 1909 | 1–3 | **Lyngby BK** |
| **IF Skjold Birkerød** | 3–0 | Skive IK |
| Brønshøj BK | 0–4 | **B.93** |
| Glostrup IF 32 | 0–0 (a.e.t.) (2–4 ) | **F.C. Copenhagen** |
| **Skovshoved IF** | 3–2 | Herning Fremad |
| Svendborg fB | 2–3 | **Hvidovre IF** |
| **Aarhus Fremad** | 3–0 | BK Avarta |
| AC Horsens | 1–2 | **Viborg FF** |
| **Odense BK** | 2–0 | AB |
| Aalborg Chang | 1–2 | **Ikast FS** |

## Fifth round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| B.93 | 0–2 | **F.C. Copenhagen** |
| IF Skjold Birkerød | 1–3 | **Herfølge BK** |
| **Ikast FS** | 2–1 | Viborg FF |
| Skovshoved IF | 0–6 | **Brøndby IF** |
| Vejle BK | 1–2 | **AaB** |
| Aarhus Fremad | 1–4 | **Lyngby BK** |
| **Silkeborg IF** | 3–0 | Hvidovre IF |
| Odense BK | 0–1 | **AGF** |

## Quarter-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Brøndby IF** | 2–0 | AaB |
| **Ikast FS** | 3–2 (a.e.t.) | Herfølge BK |
| **F.C. Copenhagen** | 3–1 (a.e.t.) | AGF |
| **Silkeborg IF** | 1–1 (a.e.t.) (4–2 ) | Lyngby BK |

## Semi-finals

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Brøndby IF** | 4–1 | Silkeborg IF | 2–1 | 2–0 |
| **F.C. Copenhagen** | 9–2 | Ikast FS | 4–1 | 5–1 |

## Final

| Brøndby IF | 4–1 | F.C. Copenhagen |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hansen  4'
Sand  32'
Thygesen  53'
Christensen  82' | Report | Nielsen  36' |

Parken Stadium, CopenhagenAttendance: 41,044Referee: Claus Bo Larsen

## InfoBox

1997–98 Danish Cup
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Denmark |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Brøndby IF |
| Runner-up | F.C. Copenhagen |
|  | |


title: 1982 Murjani WTA Championships

abstract: The 1982 Murjani WTA Championships was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Amelia Island Plantation on Amelia Island, Florida in the United States that was part of the 1982 WTA Tour. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from April 19 through April 25, 1982. First-seeded Chris Evert-Lloyd won the singles title and earned $32,000 first-prize money.

text:
# 1982 Murjani WTA Championships

The **1982 Murjani WTA Championships** was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Amelia Island Plantation on Amelia Island, Florida in the United States that was part of the 1982 WTA Tour. It was the third edition of the tournament and was held from April 19 through April 25, 1982. First-seeded Chris Evert-Lloyd won the singles title and earned $32,000 first-prize money.

## Finals

### Singles

Chris Evert-Lloyd defeated  Andrea Jaeger 6–3, 6–1

* It was Evert's 2nd singles title of the year and the 112th of her career.

### Doubles

Leslie Allen /  Mima Jaušovec defeated  Barbara Potter /  Sharon Walsh 6–1, 7–5

* It was Allen's 2nd doubles title of the year and the 3rd of her career. It was Jaušovec' 2nd doubles title of the year and the 9th of her career.

## InfoBox

| 1982 Murjani WTA Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | April 19–25 |
| Edition | 3rd |
| Draw | 56S / 28D |
| Prize money | $250,000 |
| Surface | Clay / outdoor |
| Location | Amelia Island, Florida, U.S |
| Venue | Amelia Island Plantation |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Chris Evert-Lloyd | |
| Doubles | |
| Leslie Allen <br>Mima Jaušovec | |
|  | |


title: Fiat 124 Sport Coupé

abstract: The Fiat 124 Sport Coupé is a two-door, four-seater notchback coupé produced by the Italian automaker Fiat in three generations between 1967 and 1975. It was based on the Fiat 124 saloon. Its four cylinder aluminum and iron, twin overhead cam "Lampredi engine" was designed by ex-Ferrari engineer Aurelio Lampredi. Originally, the AC, or first generation, featured a 1,438 cc engine, which grew to 1,608 cc in the second, or BC, generation. The third generation, or CC, was first officially offered with the 1,592 cc and later the 1,756 cc engine. Equipment included a five-speed gearbox, four wheel power disc brakes, double wishbone front suspension, one carburetor per cylinder, electric fuel pump, and suspension by coil springs. The Fiat 124 Sport Coupé was also built under license in Spain with 1600 (FC-00) and 1800 (FC-02) engines as the SEAT 124 Sport.

text:
# Fiat 124 Sport Coupé

The **Fiat 124 Sport Coupé** is a two-door, four-seater notchback coupé produced by the Italian automaker Fiat in three generations between 1967 and 1975. It was based on the Fiat 124 saloon.

Its four cylinder aluminum and iron, twin overhead cam "Lampredi engine" was designed by ex-Ferrari engineer Aurelio Lampredi. Originally, the AC, or first generation, featured a 1,438 cc engine, which grew to 1,608 cc in the second, or BC, generation. The third generation, or CC, was first officially offered with the 1,592 cc and later the 1,756 cc engine (some early CC models left the factory with left over 1,608 cc engines).

Equipment included a five-speed gearbox (although very early AC models featured a four-speed), four wheel power disc brakes, double wishbone front suspension, one carburetor per cylinder (two dual-choke Weber or Solex carburetors on the BC series 1608 engine—except for the USA version which received mild carburation due to emissions constraints), electric fuel pump (on the CC series), and suspension by coil springs.

The Fiat 124 Sport Coupé was also built under license in Spain with 1600 (FC-00) and 1800 (FC-02) engines as the SEAT 124 Sport.

## Design

The 124 Sport Coupé was designed as a three-box, 2-door notchback coupé by Mario Boano, known for styling the bodywork on the Ferrari 250 GT "Boano". As many parts as possible were used from the 1966 FIAT 124 *Berlina* saloon. Boano was hired by FIAT and made responsible for the in-house *Centro Stile Fiat*, while the iconic softtop Fiat 124 Sport Spider, which also shared the same basic platform as the 124 Sedan but rode on a 14 cm shorter wheelbase, was outsourced to famed Italian *carrozzeria* Pininfarina.

Approximately 113,000 AC Coupés, 98,000 BC Coupés 1438 cc/1608 cc, and roughly 75,000 CC Coupés were manufactured. There were ongoing changes with all models making them almost individual by year (e.g. lack of rear sway bar on 1969 ACs, etc.)

The Fiat 124 Spider Abarth came with dual Weber 44 IDF carburetors unlike the regular 124 coupés and spiders which were equipped with dual Weber 40 IDF carbs. Fiat twincam engines tend to be oversquare, with a larger diameter bore than length of stroke. The 1608 cc, however, is a perfectly square engine, 80 mm by 80 mm, allowing it, when combined with dual camshafts and proper carburetors, to rev to high rpms.

### Engines

* 1400 (1438 cc) - 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp)
* 1600 (1608 cc) - 110 PS (81 kW; 108 hp)
* 1600 (1592 cc) - 108 PS (79 kW; 107 hp)
* 1800 (1756 cc) - 118 PS (87 kW; 116 hp)

## History

### First series, 1967–69 (type 124 AC)

* 1967 AC - starts 000001 - #034513
* 1968 AC - #034514 - #066279
* 1969 AC - #066280 - #113869

The AC model began in 1967 and came with a 1438 cc twin cam, 4-speed gearbox (the option of a 5-speed item appearing in mid-'67), front and rear anti-roll bars and a torque tube rear axle. It featured a 200 km/h (120 mph) speedometer, three supplementary gauges, a faux wood steering wheel, a woodgrain dash and console top, as well as tail lights shared with the Lamborghini Espada and Iso Rivolta.

124 Sport Coupés were modern in chassis and engine design. Braking was via four 230 mm disc brakes with a front/rear weight-sensitive proportioning valve. It also had a sealed cooling system, viscous fan clutch and a toothed timing belt for the twin-cam engine, the first mass-produced engine to feature this instead of the usual chain-drive.

The torque-tube rear axle of the A series was replaced by a four-link rear axle with a Panhard rod in mid-'68, and remained the same throughout B and C models.

### Second series, 1969–72 (type 124 BC)

* 1970 BC - #113870 - #115876
* 1971 BC 1438 cc - #115877 - #139912
* 1971 BC1 1608 cc - #139913
* 1972 BC1 1608 cc - #181442

The BC featured revised styling with twin headlights and revised taillights shared with the Lamborghini Jarama.

The BC was available with both the 1438 cc and later (although sooner in Europe) the 1608 cc engine. Other details remained similar to the AC except the interior dash now had a 220 km/h (140 mph) speedometer, 9000 rpm tachometer in 1608 cc models and a clock. The steering wheel now had black painted spokes and the seats had for the first time cloth inserts in the centre. There was no woodgrain inside like before (all the panels were finished in black vinyl and the gauge rims were matt black) and "eyeball" vents were fitted in the centre console where the AC had a decorative panel simply filling in the space for an optional radio.

Options included green tinted windows, Cromodora alloy wheels with chrome centre hub cap (as per AC optional), radio, seat headrests, rear windshield electric defrosting, electronic ignition. At the end of the BC run air conditioning was available as an option as well. The fuel tanks were always around 46 litres (12 US gal; 10 imp gal).

### Third series, 1972–75 (type 124 CC)

* 1973 CC 1608 cc - #206905
* 1973 CC 1592 cc - #213370
* 1974 CC1 1756 cc - #240100
* 1975 CC1 1756 cc - #269934

The CC Coupe arrived in 1973 with new front styling and a revised squarer rear tail with a new deeper trunklid. Taillights also changed to a now vertical arrangement and side rear windows were revised.

The CC started with a small batch fitted with the 1608 cc engine, soon changing to a revised 1592 cc engine (slightly shorter stroke at 79,2 mm to create a "sub-1600" engine to fit the lower tax bracket in Italy) and an enlarged 84 mm bore creating an engine of 1756 cc. The 1592 cc and 1756 cc (sourced from the new Fiat 132, introduced in 1972) both made use of a single carburetor again (the Weber 34 DMS). In spite of this change the 1756 cc was the most powerful engine produced with 88 kW (118 hp) and a top speed of 185 km/h (115 mph).

The CC's revised interior featured a new dashboard incorporating a lower panel on the passenger side, an alloy fascia in front of the driver and seats covered completely in cloth. There was a new vinyl-covered steering wheel rim with anodised silver spokes. The optional but not uncommon Cromodora wheels now had a revised design with no chrome centre hubcap, instead having exposed wheelnuts. These were of an 8 slot design, the earlier wheels used coming in 6 slot configuration (an 8-slot design was also current but not original to the 124 range).

## SEAT 124 Sport

The car was also built with 1600 (FC-00) and 1800 (FC-02) engines under license in Spain as the SEAT 124 Sport. The first series produced was equivalent to the BC series of Fiat's version, and used 1608 cc engines coded FA provided by Fiat itself. The second series was a direct copy of the CC model, and only used 1756 cc engines coded as FC, and less common 132AC. SEAT later developed facilities for producing its own engines of this family, but it appears that the Sport versions were actually built in Italy.

## InfoBox

| Fiat 124 Sport Coupé | |
| --- | --- |
| 1969 Fiat 124 Coupé 1400 (series 1) | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Fiat |
| Production | 1967–1975 |
| Designer | Felice Mario Boano at Centro Stile Fiat |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Sports car () |
| Body style | 2-door notchback coupé |
| Layout | Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive |
| Related | SEAT 124 Sport |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | * 1,438 cc I4 (AC) * 1,608 cc I4 (BC) * 1,592 cc I4 (CC) * 1,756 cc I4 (CC) |
| Transmission | 4-speed manual (1967–1968)
5-speed manual (1969–) |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,420 mm (95.3 in) |
| Length | * 4,115 mm (162.0 in) AC * 4,120 mm (162.2 in) BC * 4,242–4,343 mm (167–171 in) CC |
| Width | 1,670 mm (65.7 in) |
| Height | 1,340 mm (52.8 in) |
| Kerb weight | * 960 kg (2,116 lb) AC * 1,004 kg (2,214 lb) BC * 1,000–1,070 kg (2,205–2,360 lb) CC |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Fiat 1500 Coupé |
| Successor | Fiat 131 Coupé
Fiat Coupé |


title: 2010 Ykkönen

text:
# 2010 Ykkönen

The Ykkönen Finnish football club's 2010 season began on 18 April 2010 and ended on 16 October 2010.

The winner team will qualify directly for promotion to Veikkausliiga, the second has to play a play-off against the 13th from Veikkausliiga to decide who plays in Veikkausliiga 2011. The bottom 3 teams will qualify directly for relegation to Kakkonen.

## Overview

EspooHämeenlinnaViikingit
Klubi-04JIPPOKooTeePeeKPVMPOPSPK-35PS KemiPoPaRoPSTPVclass=notpageimage|Location of teams in **Ykkönen 2010**

| Club | Location | Stadium | Capacity | Manager |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| FC Espoo | Espoo | Leppävaaran stadion | 5,000 | Rami Luomanpää |
| FC Hämeenlinna | Hämeenlinna | Kaurialan kenttä | 4,000 | Teuvo Palkki |
| JIPPO | Joensuu | Joensuun keskuskenttä | 2,000 | Mark Dziadulewicz |
| Klubi-04 | Helsinki | Finnair Stadium | 11,000 | Juho Rantala |
| FC KooTeePee | Kotka | Arto Tolsa Areena | 4,780 | Janne Hyppönen |
| KPV | Kokkola | Kokkolan keskuskenttä | 3,000 | Jarmo Korhonen |
| MP | Mikkeli | Mikkelin Urheilupuisto | 7,000 | Janne Wilkman |
| OPS-jp | Oulu | Castrén | 4,000 | Luiz Antonio |
| PK-35 | Vantaa | ISS Stadion | 4,500 | Pasi Pihamaa |
| FC PoPa | Pori | Porin Stadion | 12,000 | Pertti Lundell |
| PS Kemi | Kemi | Sauvosaari | 1,500 | Kalle Huusko |
| RoPS | Rovaniemi | Rovaniemen keskuskenttä | 4,000 | John Allen |
| TPV | Tampere | Tammela Stadion | 5,040 | Mourad Seddiki |
| FC Viikingit | Helsinki | Vuosaaren urheilukenttä | 4,200 | Toni Korkeakunnas |

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | RoPS (C, P) | 26 | 15 | 9 | 2 | 61 | 17 | +44 | 54 | Promotion to Veikkausliiga |
| 2 | FC Viikingit | 26 | 15 | 7 | 4 | 49 | 19 | +30 | 52 | Qualification to Promotion playoffs |
| 3 | FC PoPa | 26 | 15 | 5 | 6 | 48 | 39 | +9 | 50 |  |
| 4 | KPV | 26 | 14 | 5 | 7 | 43 | 31 | +12 | | 47 |
| 5 | OPS | 26 | 11 | 7 | 8 | 34 | 29 | +5 | | 40 |
| 6 | FC Espoo | 26 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 32 | 39 | 7 | | 37 |
| 7 | FC KooTeePee | 26 | 10 | 5 | 11 | 28 | 24 | +4 | | 35 |
| 8 | PK-35 Vantaa | 26 | 10 | 4 | 12 | 36 | 30 | +6 | | 34 |
| 9 | PS Kemi | 26 | 7 | 10 | 9 | 31 | 39 | 8 | | 31 |
| 10 | FC Hämeenlinna | 26 | 9 | 4 | 13 | 33 | 43 | 10 | | 31 |
| 11 | JIPPO | 26 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 23 | 26 | 3 | | 30 |
| 12 | TPV (R) | 26 | 6 | 9 | 11 | 26 | 49 | 23 | 27 | Relegation to Kakkonen |
| 13 | Klubi 04 (R) | 26 | 4 | 5 | 17 | 21 | 50 | 29 | | 17 |
| 14 | MP (R) | 26 | 5 | 2 | 19 | 17 | 47 | 30 | | 17 |

Source: miestenykkonen.fi
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (P) Promoted; (R) Relegated

### Relegation play-offs

The 13th placed team of 2010 Veikkausliiga and the runners-up of the 2010 Ykkönen will compete in a two-legged play-offs for one spot in the 2011 Veikkausliiga. JJK won the playoffs by 3-1 and remained again in Veikkausliiga.

| FC Viikingit | 1 – 1 | JJK |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sesay  87' |  | Hyyrynen  62' |

Vuosaaren Urheilukenttä, HelsinkiAttendance: 3172

---

| JJK | 2 – 0 | FC Viikingit |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tuomanen  9'
Linjala  31' |  |  |

Harjun Stadion, JyväskyläAttendance: 3232

## Statistics

### Top goalscorers

*Source: miestenykkonen.fi (in Finnish)*

16 goals 13 goals 11 goals 10 goals 9 goals

## InfoBox

Ykkönen
| Season | 2010 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | RoPS |
| Promoted | RoPS |
| Relegated | TPV
Klubi-04
MP |
| Matches played | 182 |
| Goals scored | 472 (2.59 per match) |
| Top goalscorer | Irakli Sirbiladze, KPV (16) |
| 2009 2011 | |


title: 2008 Iranian legislative election

text:
# 2008 Iranian legislative election

Legislative elections for Majlis of Iran were held on 14 March 2008, with a second round held on 25 April 2008. Conservatives loyal to President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad were considered the victors of the election, at least in part because "all the most prominent" reformist candidates were disqualified from running.

## Qualification of candidates and campaign

A few months before the election on December 14, 2007, twenty-one moderate and reformist parties formed a coalition centered on Mohammad Khatami to increase their chances in the election. However, around 1,700 candidates were barred from running by the Guardian Council vetting body, the Supervisory and Executive Election Boards, on the grounds that they were not sufficiently loyal to the Iranian revolution. These included 90% of "independent and reformist candidates," 19 sitting MPs, and Ayatollah Khomeini's grandson, Ali Eshraghi, who complained,

> "What saddens me most is the method of discernment used \[by the Council of Guardians\]. . . . They had asked my neighbors if I pray my daily prayers, or fast? Does my wife respect the Hijab? Do I shave? Or smoke cigarettes? What kind of car do I drive, and do I dress in a suit!"

Another candidate, Ayatollah Mousavi Tabrizi, protested his disqualification on the grounds of "lack of belief in law and in Islam," noting that he was not only an ayatollah and a member of the scientific board of the theological seminaries of Qom, but he had earlier qualified to run for the Assembly of Experts, the clerical body whose functions include selection of the supreme leader.

With the elimination of reformists, the election has been described as a "contest between conservatives who still support" president Ahmadinejad, and conservatives who don't, or "hard-liners generally in sync with Ahmadinejad and ... \`pragmatic conservatives,\` ... unsympathetic" to him.

Reformist leaders pushed for Iranians to vote in parliamentary elections, hoping to prevent a sweep by hard-liners allied with President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Allies of hard-line President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad seized the largest share of parliament seats, vote counting nearly completed everywhere in the country except for the capital, Tehran, on March 16, 2008. Conservative critics of Ahmadinejad won a substantial bloc in the legislature, highlighting the growing discontent with the president's fiery style and failure to repair the ailing economy of Iran. Reformists, who seek greater democracy in Iran and closer ties with the West, showed strength in some cities where the clerical leadership allowed them to compete. Reformist leaders said March 16, 2008 that at least 14 winning independents are pro-reform, bringing their bloc to 45 seats so far. If correct, that would be around the size of the reformist presence in the outgoing parliament. Iran's leaders on March 16, 2008 declared the country's parliament elections, which were carried by conservatives, a victory that showed Iranians' defiance of the West. The United States and Europe called the vote unfair after most reformists were barred from running.

The National Front boycotted the elections.

## Results

Inter-Parliamentary Union

Summary of 14 March/25 April 2008 Parliament of Iran election results
| Orientiation of candidates | Seats
(1st rd.) | Seats
(2nd rd.) | Seats
(Total) | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Conservatives | 143 | 52 | 195 | 67.2% |
| Reformists | 31 | 20 | 51 | 17.9% |
| Independents | 29 | 10 | 39 | 13.4% |
| Armenians (reserved seat) | 2 |  | 2 | 0.6% |
| Assyrian and Chaldean (reserved seat) | 1 |  | 1 | 0.3% |
| Jewish (reserved seat) | 1 |  | 1 | 0.3% |
| Zoroastrian (reserved seat) | 1 |  | 1 | 0.3% |
| **Total** (Turnout: 60%) | **208** | **82** | **290** | **100%** |
| Source: IPU | | | | |

Cainer (2008)

| Camp | Total seats |
| --- | --- |
| Conservatives | 198 |
| Reformists | 47 |
| Independents | 40 |
| Religious minorities | 5 |
| Total | 290 |
| Source: Oren Cainer | | | |

Zimmt (2008)

More than half of the reformist seats belongs to the main reformist coalition and the rest are affiliated with the NTP.

| Camp | Total seats |
| --- | --- |
| Conservatives | \>200 |
| Reformists | \>50 |
| Independents | ≈40 |
| Total | 290 |
| Source: Raz Zimmt | | | |

Farhi (2008)

According to Farideh Farhi, out of the 287 seats, approximately 170 can be identified as won by conservatives whose candidacy was supported by the two major conservative lists. United Front of Principlists won 117 seats and Principlists Pervasive Coalition won 96, while 50 were endorsed by both. A portion of conservatives, "die-hard" Mahmoud Ahmadinejad supporters secured about 40% of the seats.

Katzman (2009)

| Electoral list | Total seats |
| --- | --- |
| UFP (Pro-Ahmadinejad Conservatives) | 117 |
| PPC (Anti-Ahmadinejad Conservatives) | 53 |
| Reformists | 46 |
| Independents | 71 |
| Seats annulled/voided | 3 |
| Total | 290 |
| Source: Kenneth Katzman | | | |

Sanandaji (2009)

| Electoral list | 1◦ round | 2◦ round | Total seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| UFP | 55 | 22 | 77 |
| PPC | 39 | 9 | 48 |
| UFP+PPC | 40 | 8 | 48 |
| Reformists | 26 | 12 | 38 |
| PPC+Reformists | 8 | 3 | 11 |
| Independents | 35 | 28 | 63 |
| Religious minorities | 5 |  | 5 |
| Total | 208 | 82 | 290 |
| Source: Kaveh-Cyrus Sanandaji | | | |

*Mardomsalari* newspaper (2012)

According to Democracy Party's organ, the conservatives won 199 seats while the reformists won 47 and 41 were independents.

Zaccara (2014)

| Electoral list | 1◦ round | 2◦ round | Total seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| UFP | 90 | 27 | 117 |
| PPC | 42 | 11 | 53 |
| Reformists (including NTP) | 31 | 15 | 46 |
| Independents | 40 | 29 | 69 |
| Religious minorities | 5 |  | 5 |
| Total | 208 | 82 | 290 |
| Source: Luciano Zaccara | | | |

### First round results

Some 4,500 candidates nationwide were running for parliament's 290 seats vote, in which an estimated 44 million Iranians of over 18 years of age were eligible to vote.

With less than two-thirds of the 290 contests decided by March 15, conservatives had won 125 seats, reformers won 35 and independents won 10, according to news agency Fars. Another 39 winners were independents whose political leanings were not immediately known. Five other seats dedicated to Iran's Jewish, Zoroastrian and Christian minorities have been decided.

### Voter turnout

Anoushiravan Ehteshami, citing the ministry of interior as the source, writes that number of eligible voters were 43,824,254 and 22,350,254 votes were cast.

Voter turnout in the first round is disputed. Government officials claim that as many as 65% of Iran's 49 million eligible voters took part, a solid turnout but not reaching the around 80% that flooded the polls in elections in the late 1990s and early 2000s (decade). some conservative circles insisted that it was 73% or higher, "showing" popular support for the regime. "Yet the Ministry of the Interior's own figures indicated a national turnout of 52%, and no more than 30% in Tehran", roughly equivalent to 2004 turnout.

From amongst the 49 million eligible voters above 18 years of age announced by the Iran Statistics Center some 23 million Iranians, i.e. 47 percent, participated in the parliamentary elections of March 2, 2008. This is the lowest level when compared with the eight previous parliamentary elections. Of this amount, 30 percent of the voters came from large cities and provincial capitals while in Tehran which is the political nerve center of the country whose residents demonstrate the most political behavior, the number stood at 27 percent.

According to the government’s final figures, 650,000 citizens of Tehran have taken part in the second round of the elections for the Majlis (Iranian parliament), that is less than 8% of those eligible to vote.

### Second round

82 seats in which no candidate gained more than 25% of the vote in the first round held another round of voting on 25 April 2008; 11 of those seats were in Tehran. Of the 164 candidates, 69 are considered to be Conservative, 41 Reformists and 54 as Independents. Turnout in the second round was only about 25%.

Following the election, the 8th parliament opened on May 27, 2008.

## Issues

Issues in the election have been described as "unemployment, inflation and fuel shortages" in a petroleum-exporting country, and increasing inequality. "The price of some basic foods has doubled within the past year and rents are soaring." Influential conservative clerics are also said to be irritated by president Ahmadinejad's "folksy and superstitious brand of ostentatious piety and his favouritism to men of military rather than clerical backgrounds."

## InfoBox

2008 Iranian legislative election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  All 290 seats to the Islamic Consultative Assembly
146 seats needed for a majority | |
| Turnout | 51% |
| Alliance Principlists Reformists  Last election 196 47  Seats won 195 51  Seat change  1  4  Percentage 67.2% 17.9%  Electoral lists | |
| ---  Composition of the Assembly following the election | |
| ---  **Speaker before election**
Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel
Alliance of Builders **Elected Speaker**
Ali Larijani
United Front | |


title: BM Puerto Sagunto

abstract: Club Balonmano Puerto Sagunto is a handball club based in Sagunto, Valencian Community. Puerto Sagunto was founded in 1951 and has played in Liga ASOBAL since the 2012–13 season despite its finish as the bottom team in the 2011–12 season.

text:
# BM Puerto Sagunto

**Club Balonmano Puerto Sagunto** is a handball club based in Sagunto, Valencian Community. Puerto Sagunto was founded in 1951 and has played in Liga ASOBAL since the 2012–13 season despite its finish as the bottom team in the 2011–12 season.

## Season by season

| Season Tier Division Pos. Notes  1990–91 2 1ª Nacional 5th (Group II)   1991–92 2 1ª Nacional 8th (Group III)   1992–93 2 1ª Nacional 5th (Group II)   1993–94 2 1ª Nacional 4th (Group II)   1994–95 2 Honor B 7th   1995–96 2 Honor B 15th   1996–97 2 Honor B 17th Relegated  1997–98 3 1ª Nacional 12th (Group C)   1998–99 3 1ª Nacional 14th (Group C) Relegated  1999–00 4 2ª Nacional 1st Promoted  2000–01 3 1ª Nacional 3rd (Group C)   2001–02 3 1ª Nacional 8th (Group C)   2002–03 3 1ª Nacional 7th (Group D) | Season Tier Division Pos. Notes  2003–04 3 1ª Nacional 5th (Group C)   2004–05 3 1ª Nacional 6th (Group D)   2005–06 3 1ª Nacional 4th (Group D)   2006–07 3 1ª Nacional 1st (Group C)   2007–08 3 1ª Nacional 1st (Group C) Promoted  2008–09 2 Honor B 10th   2009–10 2 Plata 1st Promoted  2010–11 1 ASOBAL 12th   2011–12 1 ASOBAL 16th   2012–13 1 ASOBAL 9th   2013–14 1 ASOBAL 13th   2014–15 1 ASOBAL 10th   2015–16 1 ASOBAL 12th   2016–17 1 ASOBAL 12th |
| --- | --- |

---

## Current squad 2015/16

## Stadium information

* **Name:** \- Pabellón Municipal de Puerto Sagunto – inaugural year *(1975)*
* **City:** \- Puerto Sagunto, Sagunto
* **Capacity:** \- 2.000 people
* **Address:** \- Carretera Sagunto-Puerto Sagunto, Km 2,3

## Notable famous players

## InfoBox

| Fertiberia Puerto Sagunto | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Full name | Club Balonmano Puerto Sagunto |
| Founded | 1951 |
| Arena | Pabellón Municipal, Puerto Sagunto,
Valencian Community,
Spain |
| Capacity | 1,500 |
| President | Juanjo Bataller |
| Head coach | Patxi Martí |
| League | Liga ASOBAL |
| 2014–15 | Liga ASOBAL, **10th** |
|  | |


title: Engina ignicula

abstract: Engina ignicula is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pisaniidae.

text:
# Engina ignicula

***Engina ignicula*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pisaniidae.

## Description

## Distribution

## InfoBox

| *Engina ignicula* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Pisaniidae |
| Genus: | *Engina* |
| Species: | ***E. ignicula*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Engina ignicula***<br>Fraussen, 2004 | |
|


abstract: The 1925–26 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team represented the University of Illinois.

text:
# 1925–26 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team

1925–26 Big Ten Conference men's basketball standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | PCT |  |  | W |  | L |  | PCT |
| Purdue | 8 |  | 4 |  | .667 |  |  | 13 |  | 4 |  | .765 |
| Indiana | 8 |  | 4 |  | .667 |  |  | 12 |  | 5 |  | .706 |
| Iowa | 8 |  | 4 |  | .667 |  |  | 12 |  | 5 |  | .706 |
| Michigan | 8 |  | 4 |  | .667 |  |  | 12 |  | 5 |  | .706 |
| Illinois | 6 |  | 6 |  | .500 |  |  | 9 |  | 8 |  | .529 |
| Ohio State | 6 |  | 6 |  | .500 |  |  | 10 |  | 7 |  | .588 |
| Minnesota | 5 |  | 7 |  | .417 |  |  | 7 |  | 10 |  | .412 |
| Wisconsin | 4 |  | 8 |  | .333 |  |  | 8 |  | 9 |  | .471 |
| Northwestern | 4 |  | 8 |  | .333 |  |  | 5 |  | 11 |  | .313 |
| Chicago | 3 |  | 9 |  | .250 |  |  | 5 |  | 12 |  | .294 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1925–26 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team** represented the University of Illinois.

## Regular season

Craig Ruby began the 1925–26 season with a Fighting Illini team had eight returning letterman from a team that placed in a tie for third place a year earlier. This team finished in a tie for fifth place in the Big Ten. Probably the greatest change for the Illini during this season was the opening of their new home, Huff Gymnasium. Originally named *New Gymnasium*, Huff Gymnasium was renamed in 1937 after George Huff, who was the school's athletic director from 1895 to 1935, Huff Gymnasium was home to the Fighting Illini's men's basketball program until 1963. The starting lineup included *captain* Leonard Haines and Kenneth Reynolds at guard, John Mauer at center and Jack Lipe, Russell Daugherity and Hollie Martin at forward.

### Roster

| 1925–26 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| Pos. # Name Height Weight Year Hometown  1 Leonard Haines **(C)**   Sr Belvidere, Illinois  2 John Mauer   Sr Batavia, Illinois  3 Russell Daugherity   Jr Streator, Illinois  4 Hollie Martin   Sr Perrysville, Indiana  5 Chas Kassel   Jr Melrose Park, Illinois  6 Kenneth L. Reynolds   Jr Villa Grove, Illinois  7 Jack Lipe   Sr Decatur, Illinois  8 Keston Deimling   So Stevens Point, Wisconsin  9 Byran Doolen   Sr Kinmundy, Illinois  10 Marion Leonard   Jr Forrest, Illinois  11 James R. "Bud" Stewart   So Flint, Michigan  12 Robert McKay   Jr Champaign, Illinois  14 Ralph Waldo Freeman   Sr Ogden, Illinois  15 George Rea   Jr Urbana, Illinois  16 Roy Mayberry   So Norwalk, Ohio  17 Louis Cotie   So Muskegon, Michigan  R Werner Daib   So Chicago, Illinois  R Arthur Osgood   So Marseilles, Illinois  R Daniel Weeks Vittum   So Canton, Illinois | Head coach Assistant coach(es)* Jack Lipe (Player/Coach)  ---  Legend* **(C)** Team captain * **(S)** Suspended * **(I)** Ineligible * **(W)** Walk-on  ---  Roster |

## Schedule

Source

| Date
time, TV | Opponent | Result | Record | Site (attendance)
city, state |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Non-Conference regular season | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
| 12/12/1925*
no, no | Butler | **W** 23–22 | 1-0
 | New Gymnasium
Champaign, IL |
| 12/19/1925*
no, no | at Drake | **L** 16–20 | 1-1
 | Des Moines Coliseum
Des Moines, IA |
| 12/21/1925*
no, no | at Iowa Agricultural College | **W** 33–14 | 2-1
 | State Gymnasium
Ames, IA |
| 1/4/1926*
no, no | Kansas Aggies | **W** 30–29 | 3-1
 | New Gymnasium
Champaign, IL |
| Big Ten regular season | | | | | | | | |
| 1/11/1926
no, no | Minnesota | **W** 17–8 | 4-1
(1-0) | New Gymnasium
Champaign, IL |
| 1/16/1926
no, no | at Ohio State | **L** 18–30 | 4-2
(1-1) | Ohio Expo Center Coliseum
Columbus, OH |
| 1/18/1926
no, no | at Michigan | **W** 34–24 | 5-2
(2-1) | Yost Field House
Ann Arbor, MI |
| 1/23/1926
no, no | University of Chicago | **L** 14–19 | 5-3
(2-2) | Bartlett Gymnasium (4,725)
Chicago, IL |
| 2/6/1926*
no, no | at Notre Dame | **L** 14–26 | 5-4
 | New Gymnasium
Champaign, IL |
| 2/10/1926
no, no | Purdue | **W** 29–28 | 6-4
(3-2) | New Gymnasium
Champaign, IL |
| 2/13/1926
no, no | Ohio State | **W** 35–31 | 7-4
(4-2) | New Gymnasium
Champaign, IL |
| 2/19/1926
no, no | at Indiana
*Rivalry* | **W** 21–20 | 8-4
(5-2) | Men's Gymnasium
Bloomington, IN |
| 2/22/1926
no, no | University of Chicago | **W** 24–16 | 9-4
(6-2) | New Gymnasium
Champaign, IL |
| 2/26/1926
no, no | Michigan | **L** 24–33 | 9-5
(6-3) | New Gymnasium
Champaign, IL |
| 3/1/1926
no, no | at Purdue | **L** 23–28 | 9-6
(6-4) | Memorial Gymnasium
West Lafayette, IN |
| 3/6/1926
no, no | Indiana
*Rivalry* | **L** 25–28 | 9-7
(6-5) | New Gymnasium
Champaign, IL |
| 3/8/1926
no, no | at Minnesota | **L** 21–28 | 9-8
(6-6) | Kenwood Armory
Minneapolis, MN |
| *Non-conference game. #Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses.
All times are in Central Time. | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Awards and honors

## InfoBox

| 1925–26 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conference | Big Ten Conference |
| Record | 9–8 (6–6 Big Ten) |
| Head coach |  |
| Assistant coach | Jack Lipe (2nd season) |
| Captain | Leonard Haines |
| Home arena | Huff Hall |
|


title: Eve Ewing

abstract: Eve Louise Ewing is an American sociologist, author, poet, and visual artist from Chicago, Illinois. Ewing is a tenured professor at the School of Social Service Administration at the University of Chicago. Her academic research in the sociology of education includes her 2018 book, Ghosts in the Schoolyard: Racism and School Closings on Chicago's South Side, a study of school closures in Chicago. She is the former editor at Seven Scribes and the author of the poetry collection Electric Arches which was released in September 2017. In 2019, she published 1919, a poetry collection centered around the Chicago race riot of 1919. Additionally, Ewing is the author of the Ironheart comic book series for Marvel centered on the young heroine Riri Williams.

text:
# Eve Ewing

**Eve Louise Ewing** (born 1986) is an American sociologist, author, poet, and visual artist from Chicago, Illinois. Ewing is a tenured professor at the School of Social Service Administration at the University of Chicago. Her academic research in the sociology of education includes her 2018 book, *Ghosts in the Schoolyard: Racism and School Closings on Chicago's South Side*, a study of school closures in Chicago. She is the former editor at *Seven Scribes* and the author of the poetry collection *Electric Arches* which was released in September 2017. In 2019, she published *1919*, a poetry collection centered around the Chicago race riot of 1919. Additionally, Ewing is the author of the *Ironheart* comic book series for Marvel centered on the young heroine Riri Williams.

## Early life and education

Ewing grew up in the Logan Square neighborhood of Chicago. Her mother worked as a radio reporter and producer and her father an artist. Ewing attended Northside College Preparatory High School. She was a part of Young Chicago Authors.

Ewing attended the University of Chicago for college, where she received an undergraduate degree with honors in English Language & Literature from the University of Chicago, with a focus on African-American literature of the twentieth century. She earned a Master of Arts in Teaching in Elementary Education from Dominican University and taught middle school Language Arts in Chicago Public Schools before attending Harvard where she earned a Masters of Education in Education Policy and Management (2013), then a doctorate from Harvard University's Graduate School of Education (2016). At Harvard, Ewing served as editor and co-chair of the *Harvard Educational Review*.

## Career

Ewing was a Provost's Postdoctoral Scholar at the University of Chicago, then became an assistant professor in the School of Social Service Administration at the University of Chicago in 2018. As of 2023, she is an Associate Professor Department of Race, Diaspora, and Indigeneity in the University of Chicago's Division of the Social Sciences. She also is on the UChicago Committee on Education.

Ewing is active in the Chicago community. She co-created and runs the Emerging Poets Incubator and Chicago Poetry Block Party. She also teaches with the Prison + Neighborhood Art Project, a visual arts and humanities project that connects teaching artists and scholars to men at Stateville Maximum Security Prison. She is also on the Board of Directors of Massachusetts-based nonprofit MassLEAP, which builds and supports spaces for youth, artist-educators, and organizers to foster positive youth development through spoken-word poetry forums throughout Massachusetts.

Ewing is also one of the most popular sociologists on Twitter. Her Twitter account, operated as "Wikipedia Brown", drew 30 million views a month as of September 2017.

### Scholarship

Ewing's academic research focuses on school closures. She earned a doctorate from the Harvard Graduate School of Education, writing a dissertation on school closures in Chicago entitled "Shuttered Schools in the Black Metropolis: Race, History, and Discourse on Chicago's South Side." Her book on school closures, *Ghosts in the Schoolyard: Racism and School Closings on Chicago's South Side*, was released in October 2018 by the University of Chicago Press. *Ghosts in the Schoolyard* examines the demise of public schools in Chicago's Bronzeville district after the demolition of public housing, and analyzes community efforts to keep the schools open, including a community-wide hunger strike. In her book, Ewing introduces a concept called "institutional mourning", which refers to the multiple negative impacts experienced by the residents of areas where schools have been closed. According to *The Chicago Reader*, "she finds that school closures are a form of publicly sanctioned violence that not only derails black children's futures but also erases a community's past."

Ewing's work became especially poignant during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ewing studied the impact of neighborhood, race, and socio-economics on student access to counselors and therapists, as well as their experiences with illnesses and deaths.

### Writing

Ewing's writing includes poetry, prose and journalism, in addition to her academic scholarship. She has been a Pushcart Prize nominee and a finalist for the Pamet River Prize for a first or second full-length book of poetry or prose by a female-identified or genderqueer author. ProPublica named her *Seven Scribes* article on the fight to save Chicago State University to its list of "The Best MuckReads on America's Troubled History With Race". Writing for *The Huffington Post*, Zeba Blay named Ewing's essay on Joshua Beal's death to a list of "30 Of The Most Important Articles By People Of Color In 2016." For NPR, Gene Demby praised Ewing's "moving essay...about the fight over the future of Dyett High in Chicago." In *Chicago Magazine* in 2017, Adam Morgan described her as one of the city's "most visible cultural icons." Ewing is a contributor to the 2019 anthology *New Daughters of Africa*, edited by Margaret Busby.

Ewing has also drawn notice for her commentary on subjects like colorism, school choice, structural racism, federal arts funding, Frank Ocean and Harper Lee, race in publishing and in visual culture.

Much of Ewing's poetry covers similar topics as her scholarly work, such as the Black experience. For example, she discusses Black feminism through the Exodus in *Electric Arches*. Her poetry has been published in many venues, including *Poetry Magazine*, the *New Yorker*, the *Atlantic*, the *Nation*, the *New Republic*, *Union Station*, and the anthology *The Breakbeat Poets: New American Poetry in the Age of Hip-Hop*.

Ewing serves on the editorial board for *In These Times,* as co-director of arts organization Crescendo Literary, and as co-founder of the Echo Hotel poetry collective with Hanif Abdurraqib.

#### *Electric Arches*

Ewing's first book, a collection of poetry, prose, and visual art entitled *Electric Arches*, was published by Haymarket Books on September 12, 2017. Ewing has stated the entire book is based on real-life incidents that have happened to her.

*Publishers Weekly* named *Electric Arches* one of its most anticipated books of the fall of 2017 (selected from 14,000 new releases), calling it a "stunning debut". *The Paris Review* selected *Electric Arches* as a staff pick for the week on September 1, 2017, noting Ewing writes "trenchantly and tenderly" with "conversational...verse lulling the reader into territory that feels familiar, even when it isn't—into a world of 'Kool cigarette green,' 'lime popsicles,' and 'promised light.'" Writing for the *Pacific Standard*, Elizabeth King described *Electric Arches* as "at once a portrait of \[Ewing's Chicago\] home, a tender letter to black youth, and a call to her audience to think beyond the confines of systemic racism." The book won a 2018 Alex Award from the Young Adult Library Services Association of the American Library Association, the *Chicago Review of Books* 2017 poetry award, and the Poetry Society of America's Norma Farber First Book Award.

#### *1919*

*1919* is a collection of poems and children's songs based on the stoning and resulting drowning of Eugene Williams in Lake Michigan and the ensuing Chicago race riot of 1919. 1919 has excerpts from "The Negro In Chicago: A Study On Race Relations And A Race Riot", a text commissioned by the city of Chicago and written in the aftermath of the riots as an attempt to understand how and why the events occurred and what could be done to ensure that race riots would never again occur. Excerpts from "The Negro in Chicago" are used at the top of Ewing's poems to provide additional context for her writing. 1919 was published in 2019 and was selected on *NPR*'s Best Books of 2019, *Chicago Tribune's* Notable Books of 2019, *Chicago Review of Books* Best Poetry Book of 2019, *O Magazine* Best Books by Women of Summer 2019, *The Millions* Must-Read Poetry of June 2019, and *LitHub* Most Anticipated Reads of Summer 2019.

#### Children's books

In 2021, Penguin Random House published *Maya and the Robot,* written by Ewing and illustrated by Christine Almeda. It tells the story of an introverted fifth grader who finds a robot named Ralph, who helps her adapt to being in a classroom without her best friends.

In 2023, Ewing co-wrote the Young adult (genre) memoir *Colin Kaepernick: Change the Game (Graphic Novel Memoir)* with Colin Kaepernick.

#### Comics

Ewing is the current writer of the Marvel series *Ironheart*, the first issue of which was published November 2018. She has also written for *Ms. Marvel*, *Marvel Team-Up*, *Champions,* and *Monica Rambeau*. In 2023, she became the first Black female author of the Black Panther series.

#### Theater

In 2019, Manual Cinema premiered *No Blue Memories: The Life of Gwendolyn Brooks* by Crescendo Literary, made up of Ewing and Nate Marshall. This play was commissioned by the Poetry Foundation in honor of Brooks's centennial.

### Visual art

In addition to her writing and research, Ewing is a visual artist. In 2016, she became the inaugural Artist-in-Residence at the Boston Children's Museum. Her installation "A Map Home" explored place and childhood exploration. The project became the subject of a short film by Rene Dongo and an episode of Coorain Lee's webseries, *Coloring Coorain!*

Ewing has also served as program and community manager at the Urbano Project, a youth arts and activism project in Boston, Massachusetts.

### Podcast

Ewing launched a podcast called *Bughouse Square* in October 2018. Using archival footage of oral historian Studs Terkel in the beginning of each episode, Ewing then interviews a guest in a conversation with parallel themes. According to BroadwayWorld, "Compelling guest commentary and host insights bring to life the most provocative and compelling topics from Terkel's day and ours, and the series includes recorded conversations with such seminal figures as James Baldwin, Shel Silverstein, and Lorraine Hansberry, plus new exchanges with professors, authors, and cultural critics."

## Personal life

Ewing is married to Damon Jones, an associate professor at the Harris School of Public Policy at the University of Chicago.

## Awards and recognition

### Recognition for *Electric Arches*

### Recognition for *1919*

### Recognition for *Ghosts in the Schoolyard*

* 2020 Outstanding Ethnography in Education Book Award, University of Pennsylvania

## InfoBox

| Eve Ewing | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Eve Louise Ewing
1986 (age 3738) |
| Education | University of Chicago (BA)
Dominican University, Illinois (MA)
Harvard University (MEd, EdD) |
| Occupation(s) | Academic, poet, artist, writer |
| Employer | University of Chicago |
| Notable work | *Electric Arches* (2017)
*Ghosts in the Schoolyard* (2018)
*Ironheart* |
| Spouse | Damon Jones |
| Website | Official website |


title: 1985 Emilia-Romagna regional election

abstract: The Emilia-Romagna regional election of 1985 took place on 12 May 1985. The Italian Communist Party was by far the largest party, with almost twice the votes of Christian Democracy. After the election Lanfranco Turci, the incumbent Communist President of the Region, formed a new government with the support of the Italian Socialist Party. Turci, elected senator, was replaced by Luciano Guerzoni in 1987.

text:
# 1985 Emilia-Romagna regional election

The **Emilia-Romagna regional election of 1985** took place on 12 May 1985.

The Italian Communist Party was by far the largest party, with almost twice the votes of Christian Democracy. After the election Lanfranco Turci, the incumbent Communist President of the Region, formed a new government with the support of the Italian Socialist Party. Turci, elected senator, was replaced by Luciano Guerzoni in 1987.

## Results

|  | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Parties | | Votes | % | Seats |
|  | Italian Communist Party | 1,382,913 | 47.0 | 26 |
|  | Christian Democracy | 722,286 | 24.6 | 13 |
|  | Italian Socialist Party | 320,809 | 10.9 | 4 |
|  | Italian Republican Party | 138,030 | 4.7 | 2 |
|  | Italian Social Movement | 125,346 | 4.3 | 2 |
|  | Italian Democratic Socialist Party | 78,651 | 2.7 | 1 |
|  | Green List | 67,109 | 2.3 | 1 |
|  | Italian Liberal Party | 47,092 | 1.6 | 1 |
|  | Proletarian Democracy | 33,190 | 1.1 |  |
|  | Pensioners' Italian Alliance – Venetian League | 11,564 | 0.4 |  |
|  | Pensioners' Italian Alliance | 5,634 | 02 |  |
|  | Valdostan Union – Democratic Party – others | 4,815 | 0.2 |  |
|  | Pensioners' National Party | 2,261 | 0.1 |  |
| **Total** | | **2,939,700** | **100.0** | **50** |
| Source: Ministry of the Interior | | | | |


title: 2000 in philosophy

abstract: 2000 in philosophy

text:
# 2000 in philosophy

**2000 in philosophy**

## Events

* Paul Ricœur was awarded the Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy for having "revolutionized the methods of hermeneutic phenomenology, expanding the study of textual interpretation to include the broad yet concrete domains of mythology, biblical exegesis, psychoanalysis, theory of metaphor, and narrative theory."

## Publications

## Deaths

## InfoBox

| List of years in philosophy |
| --- |
|  |
| *+...* |


title: 2010 York Region Shooters season

abstract: The 2010 CSL season was the 13th season in York Region Shooters participation in the Canadian Soccer League. The club ended their CSL campaign by claiming their third division title by finishing first in the First Division. In the postseason York Region faced an early departure after a defeat to Toronto Croatia in the preliminary round. As the CSL was granted full membership in the Canadian Soccer Association as a Division III sanctioned professional league the league board of directors merged both the International and National divisions to form the First Division. As a result the Shooters were renamed into the York Region Shooters to reflect the franchises presence in the York Region territory. Throughout the season the club maintain a solid performance finishing the year with the third best offensive record. Kadian Lecky was Vaughan's top goalscorer for the fifth consecutive time with 12 goals. While their reserve team finished fourth in the Reserve Division with a playoff berth.

text:
# 2010 York Region Shooters season

The **2010 CSL season** was the 13th season in York Region Shooters participation in the Canadian Soccer League. The club ended their CSL campaign by claiming their third division title by finishing first in the First Division. In the postseason York Region faced an early departure after a defeat to Toronto Croatia in the preliminary round.

As the CSL was granted full membership in the Canadian Soccer Association as a Division III sanctioned professional league the league board of directors merged both the International and National divisions to form the First Division. As a result the Shooters were renamed into the York Region Shooters to reflect the franchises presence in the York Region territory. Throughout the season the club maintain a solid performance finishing the year with the third best offensive record. Kadian Lecky was Vaughan's top goalscorer for the fifth consecutive time with 12 goals. While their reserve team finished fourth in the Reserve Division with a playoff berth.

## Summary

In 2010, the CSL was transferred under the auspices of the Canadian Soccer Association, and was granted full membership. The league's administration restructured the league by combining both divisions to form the CSL First Division. As a result of the changes the club changed its name to York Region Shooters, reflecting the previous merger in 2003 and the larger area of York Region the club has played in and represents.

Former player Filipe Bento took over the reign of head coach and clinched the club's third regular season championship by finishing first in the standings. Their postseason journey came to an abrupt end after losing 3–1 on goals on aggregate to Toronto Croatia. At the conclusion of the season De Thomasis received the Harry Paul Gauss award, while Rick Titus was awarded the CSL Defender of the Year award.

## Club

### Management

| Position | Staff |
| --- | --- |
| Head coach | Filipe Bento |
| Assistant coach | Tony De Thomasis |
| Manager | John Pacione |

Last updated: February 28, 2011
Source:

## Squad

*As of October 11, 2010.*

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  1 GK  CHI Camilo Benzi  2 DF  TRI Rick Titus  4 DF  CAN Marcelo Capazolo  6 DF  CAN Fitzroy Christie  7 DF  CAN Desmond Humphrey  8 DF   Nick Cisternino  9 FW  CAN Jason De Thomasis  10 FW  CAN Kadian Lecky  12 FW  TRI Jonathan Westmaas  14 MF   Nico Martinez  13 MF  CAN Matthew O'Connor  17 MF   Mario Orestano | No. Pos. Nation Player  22 FW   Geron Duporte  23 MF   Aundrae Rollins  25 MF  CAN Stalin Cardenas  DF   Fabrizio Castiglione  DF   Courtney Dennis  MF  CAN Ryan Dummett  MF  CAN Julio Garcia  MF  SKN Darryl Gomez  MF  CAN Cameron Medwin  DF  CAN Vince Petrasso  FW   Luke Stedmond  MF  CAN Alex Trujillo |
| --- | --- |

### Transfers

### In

| No. | Pos. | Player | Transferred from | Fee/notes | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13 | MF | Matthew O'Connor | Integrál-DAC | Free Transfer |  |
|  | DF | Vince Petrasso | Harrisburg City Islanders | Free Transfer |  |
|

### Out

| No. | Pos. | Player | Transferred to | Fee/notes | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 | MF | Blake Ordell | Illinois Piasa | Free Transfer |  |
|  | MF | Dominic Scicluna | Detroit Waza Flo | Free Transfer |  |
| 20 | MF | Jordan Webb | Hougang United | Free Transfer |  |
|

## Competitions summary

### Regular season

### First division

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | York Region Shooters (A, C) | 24 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 45 | 29 | +16 | 46 | Qualified for the Givova CSL Cup play-offs |
| 2 | Serbian White Eagles (A) | 24 | 12 | 9 | 3 | 40 | 16 | +24 | | 45 |
| 3 | Hamilton Croatia (A) | 24 | 13 | 5 | 6 | 51 | 27 | +24 | | 44 |
| 4 | Milltown FC (A) | 24 | 12 | 7 | 5 | 43 | 22 | +21 | | 43 |
| 5 | Portugal FC (A) | 24 | 11 | 5 | 8 | 46 | 39 | +7 | | 38 |

Updated to match(es) played on October 13, 2010. Source: rocketrobinsoccerintoronto.com
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
(A) Advance to a further round; (C) Champions

#### Results summary

| Overall | | | | | | | | Home | | | | | | Away | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 24 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 45 | 29 | +16 | 46 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 24 | 10 | +14 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 21 | 19 | +2 |

Last updated: October 8, 2010.
Source: 2010 Canadian Soccer League season

#### Results by round

| Round | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ground | H | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | A | A | A | H | H | H | H | A | H | H | H | A | A | A | A |
| Result | W | W | D | W | L | W | L | W | W | L | W | D | D | W | D | D | W | D | L | W | W | W | W | D |

Source: Regular season matches
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss

#### Matches

| May 16, 2010 | **York Region Shooters** | **1–0** | **St. Catharines Wolves** | Vaughan, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:00 | Kadian Lecky  67' | Report |  | Stadium: St. Joan Of Arc Turf Field |

| May 23, 2010 | **York Region Shooters** | **3–0** | **London City SC** | Vaughan, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:00 | Geron Duport  2'
Aundrae Rollins  76'
Jason De Thomasis  83' | Report |  | Stadium: St. Joan Of Arc Turf Field |

| May 28, 2010 | **Hamilton Croatia** | **1–1** | **York Region Shooters** | Hamilton, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 21:00 | Dodds  70' | Report | Courtney Dennis  90' | Stadium: Brian Timmis Stadium |

| May 30, 2010 | **York Region Shooters** | **1–0** | **TFC Academy** | Vaughan, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:00 | Kadian Lecky  6' | Report |  | Stadium: St. Joan Of Arc Turf Field |

| June 4, 2010 | **Serbian White Eagles** | **3–0** | **York Region Shooters** | Toronto, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 | Milos Scepanovic  6',  17'
Shawn Brown  16' | Report |  | Stadium: Centennial Park Stadium
Attendance: 200
Referee: David Barrie (OSA) |

| June 6, 2010 | **York Region Shooters** | **2–0** | **Portugal FC** | Vaughan, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:00 | Kadian Lecky  5'
Mario Orestano  59' | Report |  | Stadium: St. Joan Of Arc Turf Field |

| June 13, 2010 | **Brantford Galaxy** | **5–2** | **York Region Shooters** | Brantford, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:00 | Golijanin  11'
Drazen Vukovic  17',  45'
Anđelković  36'
Marsalis Beckford  64' | Report | Jason De Thomasis  63'
Desmond Humphrey  90' | Stadium: Steve Brown Sports Complex |

| June 20, 2010 | **York Region Shooters** | **3–0** | **Hamilton Croatia** | Vaughan, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:00 | Kadian Lecky  36',  91'
Zeko Iron  84' | Report |  | Stadium: St. Joan Of Arc Turf Field |

| June 26, 2010 | **Montreal Impact Academy** | **0–1** | **York Region Shooters** | Montreal, Quebec |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:00 |  | Report |  | Stadium: Saputo Stadium |

| July 2, 2010 | **Milltown F.C.** | **2–1** | **York Region Shooters** | Milton, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 | Cordell Benjamin  60',  65' | Report | Kadian Lecky  36' | Stadium: Bishop Reding SS |

| July 7, 2010 | **St. Catharines Wolves** | **0–2** | **York Region Shooters** | St. Catharines, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 |  | Report | Gomez  42'
Ryan Dummett  70' | Stadium: Club Roma Stadium |

| July 16, 2010 | **London City SC** | **2–2** | **York Region Shooters** | London, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:38 | Michael Marcoccia  22'
Thomas Beattie  86' | Report | Andrae Rollins  15'
Kadian Lecky  56' | Stadium: Cove Road Stadium
Referee: Justin Tasev (OSA) |

| July 25, 2010 | **York Region Shooters** | **1–1** | **Toronto Croatia** | Vaughan, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:00 | Desmond Humphrey | Report | Fitzwilliams  78' | Stadium: St. Joan Of Arc Turf Field |

| August 1, 2010 | **York Region Shooters** | **4–1** | **Brantford Galaxy** | Vaughan, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:00 | Jason De Thomasis  24'
Kadian Lecky  71',  76'
Nick Cisternino  91' | Report | Marsalis Beckford  23' | Stadium: St. Joan Of Arc Turf Field
Attendance: 125
Referee: Mike Izzo (OSA) |

| August 8, 2010 | **York Region Shooters** | **1–1** | **Milltown F.C.** | Vaughan, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:00 | Aundre Rollins  93' | Report | Cordell Benjamin  63' | Stadium: St. Joan Of Arc Turf Field
Attendance: 125
Referee: Manuel Orellano (OSA) |

| August 15, 2010 | **York Region Shooters** | **1–1** | **Serbian White Eagles** | Vaughan, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:00 | Jason De Thomasis  47' | Report | Vukovic  23' | Stadium: St. Joan Of Arc Turf Field
Attendance: 300
Referee: Manuel Orellano (OSA) |

| September 3, 2010 | **Portugal FC** | **2–3** | **York Region Shooters** | Toronto, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 | Adrian Pena  45'
Badat  68' | Report | Alex Trujillo  54'
Kadian Lecky  61'
Medwin  84' | Stadium: Lamport Stadium
Attendance: 50
Referee: Justin Tasev (OSA) |

| September 5, 2010 | **York Region Shooters** | **1–1** | **North York Astros** | Vaughan, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:00 | Jason De Thomasis  66' | Report | Nikola Miodrag  92' | Stadium: St. Joan Of Arc Turf Field
Attendance: 60
Referee: Manuel Orellano (OSA) |

| September 12, 2010 | **York Region Shooters** | **2–3** | **Brampton Lions** | Vaughan, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:00 | Luke Stedmond  4'
Julio Garcia  86' | Report | Nick Cisterrnino  7' (o.g.)
Oswald Adu  60'
Hernandez  84' | Stadium: St. Joan Of Arc Turf Field
Attendance: 90
Referee: Justin Tasev (OSA) |

| September 18, 2010 | **York Region Shooters** | **4–2** | **Montreal Impact Academy** | Vaughan, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:00 | Alex Trujillo  45'
Luke Stedmond  79',  81'
Gomez  85' | Report | Ilcu  66',  69' | Stadium: St. Joan Of Arc Turf Field
Attendance: 80
Referee: Manuel Orellano (OSA) |

| September 25, 2010 | **North York Astros** | **2–4** | **York Region Shooters** | Toronto, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:45 | Roozbeh Houdaji  52'
Rick Titus  62' (o.g.) | Report | Kadian Lecky  2'
Alex Trujillo  45'
Ryan Dummett  82'
Gomez | Stadium: Esther Shiner Stadium
Referee: Richard Oliveira (OSA) |

| October 1, 2010 | **Brampton Lions** | **0–2** | **York Region Shooters** | Brampton, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 |  | Report | Mario Orestano  50'
Desmond Humphrey  57' | Stadium: Victoria Park Stadium |

| October 3, 2010 | **TFC Academy** | **0–1** | **York Region Shooters** | Toronto, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:00 |  | Report | Alex Trujillo  21' | Stadium: Lamport Stadium
Attendance: 80
Referee: Hassane Rifai (OSA) |

| October 8, 2010 | **Toronto Croatia** | **2–2** | **York Region Shooters** | Toronto, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 | Sven Arapovic  55'
Niko Pesa  84' | Report | Desmond Humphrey  27'
Alex Trujillo  43' | Stadium: Centennial Park Stadium
Attendance: 120
Referee: Alain Ruch (OSA) |

#### Postseason

| October 12, 2010 Quarterfinal | **Toronto Croatia** | **2–0** | **York Region Shooters** | Toronto, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:00 | Zgela  63'
Tihomir Maletic  88' | Report |  | Stadium: Centennial Park Stadium
Attendance: 120
Referee: David Barrie (OSA) |

| October 17, 2010 Quarterfinal | **York Region Shooters** | **1–1** | **Toronto Croatia** | Vaughan, Ontario |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:00 | Jason De Thomasis  28' | Report | Tihomir Maletic  55' | Stadium: St. Joan Of Arc Turf Field |

## Statistics

### Goals

Correct as of October 8, 2010

## InfoBox

York Region Shooters
| 2010 season | |
| --- | --- |
| York Region Shooters line-up before the match against Brantford Galaxy at St. Joan Of Arc Turf Field, August 1, 2010 | |
| Chairman | Tony De Thomasis |
| Manager | Filipe Bento |
| Canadian Soccer League | 1st place (First Division) |
| CSL Championship | Quarterfinal |
| Top goalscorer | Kadian Lecky (12) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: 2009 in Estonian television

text:
# 2009 in Estonian television

This is a list of Estonian television related events from 2009.

## Events

## Debuts

## Television shows

### 1990s

### 2000s

## Ending this year

## Networks and services

### Channels

#### Closed channels

* 19 November - MTV
* 30 November - TV4

## Births

## Deaths

## InfoBox

| List of years in Estonian television |
| --- |
|  |
| *+...* |


title: Arnvid Vasbotten

abstract: Arnvid Vasbotten was a Norwegian jurist and politician for Nasjonal Samling. He was born in Florø and was educated as jurist. From November 1944, he succeeded Albert Viljam Hagelin as Minister of the Interior in the Quisling regime, the puppet government headed by Vidkun Quisling during the German occupation of Norway. Vasbotten was sentenced to twenty years forced labour in the legal purge in Norway after World War II.

text:
# Arnvid Vasbotten

**Arnvid Vasbotten** (11 August 1903 – 17 May 1985) was a Norwegian jurist and politician for Nasjonal Samling. He was born in Florø and was educated as jurist. From November 1944, he succeeded Albert Viljam Hagelin as Minister of the Interior in the Quisling regime, the puppet government headed by Vidkun Quisling during the German occupation of Norway. Vasbotten was sentenced to twenty years forced labour in the legal purge in Norway after World War II.

## InfoBox

| Arnvid Vasbotten | |
| --- | --- |
| July 1945. | |
| Born | (1903-08-11)11 August 1903<br>Florø, Kingdom of Sweden and Norway |
| Died | 17 May 1985(1985-05-17) (aged 81) |
| Nationality | Norwegian |
| Occupation(s) | Jurist and politician |


title: Arthur Pomeroy

abstract: Arthur Pomeroy, D.D. was an 18th-century Anglican priest in Ireland. Pomeroy was born in Devon and educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. He was Chaplain to Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1672 to 1677. Essex appointed him Dean of Cork on 11 February 1673. He was instituted on 5 May that year and served until his death in 1710. He was also Treasurer of Cloyne Prebendary of Kilpeacon in Limerick Cathedral and Rector of Carrigaline.

text:
# Arthur Pomeroy

**Arthur Pomeroy,** D.D. was an 18th-century Anglican priest in Ireland.

Pomeroy was born in Devon and educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. He was Chaplain to Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1672 to 1677. Essex appointed him Dean of Cork on 11 February 1673. He was instituted on 5 May that year and served until his death in 1710. He was also Treasurer of Cloyne Prebendary of Kilpeacon in Limerick Cathedral and Rector of Carrigaline.