abstract: The 2015 Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships, the 34th edition, was held in Stuttgart, Germany, from September 7 to 13, 2015 at the Porsche Arena. It acted as a qualifying competition for the 2016 Summer Olympics. During a review of the competition's scoring, the International Gymnastics Federation began an investigation into the results of five judges for biased scoring. One judge received a warning and another was suspended for three months, which was upheld on appeal.

text:
# 2015 Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships

The **2015 Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships**, the 34th edition, was held in Stuttgart, Germany, from September 7 to 13, 2015 at the Porsche Arena. It acted as a qualifying competition for the 2016 Summer Olympics.

During a review of the competition's scoring, the International Gymnastics Federation began an investigation into the results of five judges for biased scoring. One judge received a warning and another was suspended for three months, which was upheld on appeal.

## Participating countries

List of delegations participating in Championship.

## Schedule

## Olympic qualification

There were 15 individual quotas and 10 group quotas available at this competition for the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. All places were non-nominative. The individual quotas were earned by each of the top 15 gymnasts in the all-around final. The top 8 groups in the all-around final also earned Olympic quotas for their country. The last two group spots were also based on the all-around results, but a minimum of three continents were required to be represented among the 10 group spots given out at this World Championships. If, for example, all the top 10 groups were from European countries, the 9th and 10th spots would go to the highest-placing groups representing countries on other continents. Additional individuals and groups could qualify at the Olympic Games Test Event in April 2016.

## Medal winners

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Team Competition** | | | |
| Team All-Around
 | Russia
Yana Kudryavtseva
Margarita Mamun
Aleksandra Soldatova
 | Belarus
Hanna Bazhko
Arina Charopa
Katsiaryna Halkina
Melitina Staniouta
 | Ukraine
Viktoria Mazur
Ganna Rizatdinova
Eleonora Romanova
 |
| **Individual Finals** | | | |
| Hoop
 | Margarita Mamun (RUS) | Aleksandra Soldatova (RUS) | Ganna Rizatdinova (UKR) |
| Ball
 | Yana Kudryavtseva (RUS) | Margarita Mamun (RUS) | Melitina Staniouta (BLR) |
| Clubs
 | Yana Kudryavtseva (RUS) | Aleksandra Soldatova (RUS) | Ganna Rizatdinova (UKR) |
| Ribbon
 | Yana Kudryavtseva (RUS) | Margarita Mamun (RUS) | Ganna Rizatdinova (UKR) |
| All-Around
 | Yana Kudryavtseva (RUS) | Margarita Mamun (RUS) | Melitina Staniouta (BLR) |
| **Groups Finals** | | | |
| All-Around
 | Russia
Diana Borisova
Daria Kleshcheva
Anastasia Maksimova
Sofya Skomorokh
Anastasiia Tatareva
Maria Tolkacheva | Bulgaria
Reneta Kamberova
Mihaela Maevska-Velichkova
Tsvetelina Naydenova
Tsvetelina Stoyanova
Hristiana Todorova | Spain
Sandra Aguilar
Artemi Gavezou
Elena López
Lourdes Mohedano
Alejandra Quereda
Lidia Redondo |
| 5 Ribbons
 | Italy
Martina Centofanti*
Sofia Lodi
Alessia Maurelli
Marta Pagnini
Camilla Patriarca
Andreea Stefanescu | Russia
Diana Borisova
Daria Kleshcheva*
Anastasia Maksimova
Sofya Skomorokh
Anastasiia Tatareva
Maria Tolkacheva | Japan
Airi Hatakeyama
Mao Kunii
Rie Matsubara
Sakura Noshitani*
Sayuri Sugimoto
Kiko Yokota |
| 6 Clubs + 2 Hoops
 | Russia
Diana Borisova*
Daria Kleshcheva
Anastasia Maksimova
Sofya Skomorokh
Anastasiia Tatareva
Maria Tolkacheva | Italy
Martina Centofanti
Sofia Lodi
Alessia Maurelli
Marta Pagnini
Camilla Patriarca
Andreea Stefanescu* | Bulgaria
Reneta Kamberova
Mihaela Maevska-Velichkova
Tsvetelina Naydenova
Tsvetelina Stoyanova
Hristiana Todorova |

* reserve gymnast

## Individual

### Teams Competition and Individual Qualification

Source:

Team competition is only for countries with at least 3 participating/entries of gymnasts. Only gymnasts competing in at least 3 apparatus can compete for the all-around qualifications; with the top three highest scores counted. The top 24 in qualifications advance to the all-around finals.

| Nation/Gymnasts |  |  |  |  | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Russia** | 37.066 | 36.766 | 56.416 | 55.725 | **149.990** |
| Yana Kudryavtseva |  | 18.933 | 19.000 | 18.950 | (1) |
| Margarita Mamun | 18.400 | 17.833 | 18.683 | 18.625 | (2) |
| Aleksandra Soldatova | 18.666 |  | 18.733 | 18.150 | (3) |
| **Belarus** |  | 35.099 | 35.666 | 52.199 | **141.314** |
| Melitina Staniouta | 18.350 | 17.716 | 18.116 | 17.850 | (6) |
| Katsiaryna Halkina | 17.008 | 17.383 | 17.550 | 17.216 | (16) |
| Hanna Bazhko |  |  |  | 17.133 |  |
| Arina Charopa |  |  | 16.400 |  |  |
| **Ukraine** | 35.349 | 34.982 | 35.499 | 35.366 | **141.196** |
| Ganna Rizatdinova | 18.366 | 17.966 | 18.416 | 18.450 | (4) |
| Viktoria Mazur | 16.983 |  | 17.083 | 16.541 |  |
| Eleonora Romanova |  | 17.016 | 16.683 | 16.916 | (25) |
| **Israel** | 35.199 | 35.049 | 34.699 | 34.450 | **139.397** |
| Neta Rivkin | 17.866 | 17.783 | 17.483 | 17.250 | (9) |
| Victoria Veinberg Filanovsky | 17.333 | 17.266 | 17.216 | 17.200 | (18) |
| Linoy Ashram |  |  | 16.783 | 16.666 |  |
| **Azerbaijan** | 34.600 | 34.450 | 34.416 | 34.716 | **138.182** |
| Marina Durunda | 17.750 | 17.750 | 17.666 | 17.883 | (7) |
| Ayshan Bayramova | 16.850 |  | 16.750 | 16.833 |  |
| Elif Celep |  | 16.700 | 16.333 | 16.425 |  |
| **Japan** | 34.916 | 46.816 | 34.049 | 51.516 | **137.497** |
| Sakura Hayakawa | 17.500 | 17.016 | 17.433 | 17.200 | (17) |
| Uzume Kawasaki |  |  | 16.491 | 16.783 |  |
| Kaho Minagawa | 17.416 | 16.550 | 16.616 | 17.533 | (19) |
| **Bulgaria** | 33.949 | 34.183 | 33.866 | 34.732 | **136.730** |
| Mariya Mateva | 16.733 | 16.900 | 16.483 | 17.216 | (24) |
| Neviana Vladinova | 17.216 | 17.283 | 17.383 | 17.516 | (14) |
| Sara Staykova |  |  | 16.033 | 16.425 |  |
| **Uzbekistan** | 34.100 | 34.449 | 34.033 | 33.983 | **136.565** |
| Elizaveta Nazarenkova | 17.400 | 17.366 | 17.400 | 17.250 | (15) |
| Anora Davlyatova |  |  | 16.266 | 16.333 |  |
| Anastasiya Serdyukova | 16.700 | 17.083 | 16.633 | 16.733 |  |
| **United States** | 17.500 | 33.666 | 50.391 | 34.000 | **135.557** |
| Camilla Feeley |  |  | 16.525 |  |  |
| Jasmine Kerber | 15.375 | 16.433 | 16.166 | 16.091 |  |
| Serena Lu |  |  |  | 16.700 |  |
| Laura Zeng | 17.500 | 17.233 | 17.233 | 17.300 | (11) |
| **Spain** | 34.491 | 33.899 | 49.49 | 17.450 | **135.339** |
| Polina Berezina |  |  |  | 14.516 |  |
| Natalia Garcia | 16.966 | 16.766 | 15.966 | 15.566 |  |
| Sara Llana |  |  | 16.133 |  |  |
| Carolina Rodríguez | 17.525 | 17.133 | 17.400 | 17.450 | (12) |
| **Georgia** | 33.866 | 32.924 | 34.483 | 33.700 | **134.973** |
| Natela Bolataeva | 16.233 | 15.958 | 16.500 | 16.150 |  |
| Salome Pazhava | 17.633 | 16.966 | 17.983 | 17.550 | (8) |
| Salome Urushadze |  |  | 14.641 | 15.041 |  |
| **South Korea** | 33.633 | 34.116 | 33.399 | 33.616 | **134.764** |
| Chun Song E | 15.700 | 15.850 | 15.466 | 15.350 |  |
| Lee Da-ae |  |  | 14.966 | 14.683 |  |
| Son Yeon-jae | 17.933 | 18.266 | 17.933 | 18.266 | (5) |
| **Kazakhstan** | 33.433 | 16.700 | 33.799 | 49.016 | **132.948** |
| Sabina Ashirbayeva | 17.150 | 16.700 | 17.233 | 16.600 | (22) |
| Aliya Assymova | 16.283 | 14.566 | 16.566 | 16.258 |  |
| Selina Zhumatayeva |  |  | 16.058 | 16.158 |  |
| **Italy** | 33.566 | 16.733 | 33.233 | 49.357 | **132.889** |
| Veronica Bertolini | 16.933 | 16.733 | 17.150 | 17.033 | (21) |
| Letizia Cicconcelli |  |  |  | 15.808 |  |
| Maria Crescenzi |  |  | 16.083 |  |  |
| Alessia Russo | 16.633 | 15.366 | 15.300 | 16.516 |  |
| **Finland** | 32.549 | 32.733 | 33.749 | 32.549 | **131.580** |
| Inessa Rif |  |  | 14.508 | 12.616 |  |
| Jouki Tikkanen | 15.483 | 16.333 | 16.666 | 16.316 |  |
| Ekaterina Volkova | 17.066 | 16.400 | 17.083 | 16.233 |  |
| **Austria** | 32.516 | 31.983 | 31.783 | 32.650 | **128.932** |
| Anastasiya Detkova |  |  | 12.333 | 13.300 |  |
| Nicol Ruprecht | 16.950 | 16.400 | 16.933 | 17.050 | (23) |
| Natascha Wegscheider | 15.566 | 15.583 | 14.850 | 15.600 |  |
| **China** | 32.858 | 15.666 | 47.300 | 32.282 | **128.106** |
| Liu Jiahui | 16.675 | 15.666 | 16.800 | 16.466 |  |
| Xu Xiaolan | 16.183 |  | 15.300 | 15.816 |  |
| Zhang Doudou |  | 13.216 | 15.200 | 14.416 |  |
| **Estonia** | 31.725 | 31.333 | 31.416 | 31.916 | **126.390** |
| Olga Bogdanova | 15.750 |  | 15.233 | 16.166 |  |
| Viktoria Bogdanova | 15.975 | 15.733 | 16.000 | 15.750 |  |
| Carmel Kallemaa |  | 15.600 | 15.416 | 15.050 |  |
| **Mexico** | 32.158 |  | 31.449 | 46.049 | **125.722** |
| Rut Castillo | 16.008 | 13.241 | 14.466 | 15.600 |  |
| Karla Diaz | 16.150 | 16.066 | 16.216 | 14.716 |  |
| Cindy Gallegos |  |  | 15.233 | 15.733 |  |
| **Canada** | 31.349 | 32.149 | 31.807 | 30.357 | **125.662** |
| Patricia Bezzoubenko | 15.716 | 16.866 | 17.116 | 15.391 |  |
| Carmen Whelan | 15.633 | 15.283 | 14.483 | 14.966 |  |
| Katherine Uchida |  |  | 14.691 | 13.475 |  |
| **Czech Republic** | 31.241 | 31.433 | 30.350 | 30.899 | **123.923** |
| Monika Mickova | 15.566 | 16.083 | 15.450 | 14.783 |  |
| Anna Sebkova | 15.675 | 15.350 | 14.900 | 15.366 |  |
| Nataly Hamrikova |  |  | 14.550 | 15.533 |  |
| **Armenia** | 15.700 | 15.400 | 44.166 | 45.299 | **120.565** |
| Lilit Harutyunyan | 15.700 | 15.400 | 15.700 | 15.816 |  |
| Elizabeth Petrosyan | 13.158 |  | 14.650 | 15.100 |  |
| Luiza Sadyan |  | 13.683 | 13.816 | 14.383 |  |
| **Hungary** | 31.332 | 15.950 | 42.999 | 29.449 | **119.730** |
| Lili Margaritisz |  | 13.366 | 13.566 | 13.583 |  |
| Boglárka Kiss | 14.716 |  | 14.850 | 13.541 |  |
| Dora Vass | 16.616 | 15.950 | 14.583 | 15.866 |  |
| **Slovenia** | 29.474 | 30.358 | 30.766 | 28.049 | **118.647** |
| Monija Cebasek | 13.908 |  | 10.750 | 13.050 |  |
| Sara Kragulj |  | 15.008 | 14.916 | 14.433 |  |
| Spela Kratochwill | 15.566 | 15.350 | 15.850 | 13.616 |  |
| **Latvia** | 15.133 | 29.250 | 43.791 | 28.757 | **116.931** |
| Jelizaveta Gamalejeva | 13.300 | 14.450 | 15.700 | 15.166 |  |
| Arina Leina |  | 14.800 | 13.891 | 13.591 |  |
| Sofija Nikitina | 15.133 |  | 14.200 | 12.816 |  |
| **Portugal** | 28.907 | 14.683 | 43.415 | 28.916 | **115.921** |
| Maria Canilhas | 14.216 |  | 13.541 | 13.533 |  |
| Rafaela Valente | 14.691 | 14.683 | 15.316 | 15.383 |  |
| Tânia Domingues |  | 12.725 | 14.558 | 13.458 |  |
| **Slovakia** | 29.616 | 14.216 | 42.458 | 27.532 | **113.822** |
| Alexandra Cechova | 14.233 |  | 13.983 | 13.516 |  |
| Xenia Kilianova | 15.383 | 14.216 | 14.750 | 14.016 |  |
| Karolina Turciakova |  | 12.600 | 13.725 | 11.941 |  |
| **Egypt** | 26.008 | 29.758 | 43.483 | 14.508 | **113.757** |
| Nourhal Khattab | 12.750 | 14.908 | 14.200 | 12.666 |  |
| Sara Rostom | 13.258 | 14.850 | 15.683 | 14.508 |  |
| Fatma Salman |  |  | 13.600 | 12.708 |  |
| **Belgium** | 13.841 | 28.983 | 42.649 | 27.774 | **113.247** |
| Paulien Boone |  |  | 13.500 | 14.016 |  |
| Najlae Ou-Ghanem | 12.000 |  | 14.816 | 12.591 |  |
| Joke Verpoest |  | 14.300 | 14.333 |  |  |
| Kaat Wyers | 13.841 | 14.683 |  | 13.758 |  |
| **Norway** | 13.716 | 28.249 | 28.799 | 41.391 | **112.155** |
| Emilie Holte | 13.000 | 14.416 | 13.650 | 13.750 |  |
| Fanny Lunde |  |  | 14.441 | 13.883 |  |
| Emilie Swensen | 13.716 | 13.833 | 14.358 | 13.758 |  |
| **Lithuania** | 27.916 | 13.691 | 39.366 | 26.550 | **107.523** |
| Veronika Proncenko | 14.683 | 13.691 | 13.500 | 13.700 |  |
| Olga Stork |  | 12.641 | 13.200 | 12.850 |  |
| Migle Varnaite | 13.233 |  | 12.666 | 12.500 |  |
| **Sweden** | 26.916 | 13.666 | 27.491 | 39.174 | **107.247** |
| Josefine Olsson | 13.550 | 12.566 | 14.258 | 12.883 |  |
| Jennifer Pettersson | 13.366 |  | 13.233 | 13.166 |  |
| Cassandra Pettersson |  | 13.666 | 11.600 | 13.125 |  |
| **Bosnia and Herzegovina** | 24.832 | 23.299 | 22.641 | 24.766 | **95.538** |
| Adisa Bjelic | 13.016 | 12.433 | 12.200 | 12.933 |  |
| Amila Hodzic |  |  | 10.441 | 7.666 |  |
| Dea Muminovic |  | 10.866 | 10.133 |  |  |
| Vanessa Tinjic | 11.816 |  |  | 11.833 |  |
| **Angola** | 14.033 | 6.150 | 15.183 | 22.190 | **57.556** |
| Jandira Henriques |  |  | 5.833 | 6.716 |  |
| Sofia Higino |  | 5.516 |  | 7.258 |  |
| Anna Mpanzu | 6.933 |  | 8.250 | 8.216 |  |
| Alice Tomás | 7.100 | 6.150 | 6.933 |  |  |
| **Other non-Team** | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kseniya Moustafaeva (FRA) | 17.283 | 17.300 | 17.583 | 17.666 | 52.549 (10) |
| Varvara Filiou (GRE) | 17.316 | 17.350 | 17.366 | 17.566 | 52.282 (13) |
| Jana Berezko-Marggrander (GER) | 17.100 | 17.083 | 17.016 | 16.933 | 51.199 (20) |
| Alexandra Piscupescu (ROU) | 16.966 | 16.766 | 15.966 | 15.566 | 49.623 |
| Ana Luiza Filiorianu (ROU) | 16.233 | 16.750 | 15.533 | 15.941 | 48.924 |
| Laura Jung (GER) | 15.850 | 14.800 | 15.783 | 15.850 | 47.483 |
| Natália Gaudio (BRA) | 15.500 | 15.058 | 15.516 | 15.750 | 46.766 |
| Milena Milacic (SRB) | 15.566 | 15.483 | 15.616 | 14.408 | 46.665 |
| Angélica Kvieczynski (BRA) | 15.333 | 15.200 | 13.466 | 16.116 | 46.649 |
| Themida Christodoulidou (CYP) | 13.033 | 14.850 | 15.766 | 15.683 | 46.299 |
| Kyriaki Alevrogianni (GRE) | 15.666 | 14.466 | 15.216 | 15.116 | 45.998 |
| Grace Legote (RSA) | 14.533 | 14.016 | 15.483 | 15.158 | 45.174 |
| Stephani Sherlock (GBR) | 14.833 | 15.025 | 14.666 | 15.241 | 45.099 |
| Michelle Salazar Sanchez (VEN) | 15.300 | 12.425 | 15.066 | 14.250 | 44.616 |
| Irena Omirou (CYP) | 14.533 | 14.166 | 15.266 | 14.300 | 44.099 |
| Sie Yan Koi (MAS) | 13.650 | 15.066 | 14.700 | 14.233 | 43.999 |
| Laura Halford (GBR) | 13.625 | 15.008 | 15.200 | 13.200 | 43.833 |
| Grisbel Lopez Ortega (VEN) | 13.841 | 14.366 | 14.033 | 14.350 | 42.749 |
| Danielle Prince (AUS) | 13.975 | 12.900 | 14.200 | 14.550 | 42.725 |
| Shasangari Sivaneswary Nagarajan (MAS) | 12.683 | 14.891 | 12.966 | 14.750 | 42.607 |
| Elena Milekovic (CRO) | 12.966 | 14.583 | 12.966 | 14.316 | 41.865 |
| Selin Kilavuz (TUR) | 13.783 | 13.591 | 12.866 | 14.400 | 41.774 |
| Laura Bozic (CRO) | 14.200 | 11.958 | 12.916 | 14.391 | 41.407 |
| Lina Dussan (COL) | 13.725 | 12.116 | 13.650 | 13.250 | 40.625 |
| Geraldine Melissa Perez Quito (ECU) | 12.833 | 13.391 | 13.666 | 13.216 | 40.273 |
| Basma Ouatay (MAR) | 12.158 | 12.916 | 12.833 | 11.450 | 37.907 |
| Lucia Catiglioni (SMR) | 12.433 | 12.400 | 12.750 | 11.883 | 37.307 |
| Nicoline Sachmann (DEN) | 9.783 | 7.408 | 8.466 | 10.016 | 28.265 |
| Elyane Boal (CPV) | 9.450 | 8.950 | 6.975 | 9.018 | 27.508 |
| Victoria Sorensen (DEN) | 9.383 | 7.716 | 9.000 | 6.291 | 26.099 |

### Hoop

Source:

| Rank | Gymnast | Nation | D Score | E Score | Pen. | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Margarita Mamun | Russia | 9.450 | 9.500 |  | **18.950** |
|  | Aleksandra Soldatova | Russia | 9.350 | 9.300 |  | **18.650** |
|  | Ganna Rizatdinova | Ukraine | 9.350 | 9.233 |  | **18.583** |
| 4 | Melitina Staniouta | Belarus | 9.150 | 9.200 |  | **18.350** |
| 5 | Son Yeon-jae | South Korea | 9.050 | 9.075 |  | **18.125** |
| 6 | Marina Durunda | Azerbaijan | 8.950 | 8.966 |  | **17.916** |
| 7 | Salome Pazhava | Georgia | 8.800 | 8.966 |  | **17.766** |
| 8 | Neta Rivkin | Israel | 8.050 | 8.500 |  | **16.550** |

### Ball

Source:

| Rank | Gymnast | Nation | D Score | E Score | Pen. | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Yana Kudryavtseva | Russia | 9.500 | 9.525 |  | **19.025** |
|  | Margarita Mamun | Russia | 9.500 | 9.500 |  | **19.000** |
|  | Melitina Staniouta | Belarus | 9.150 | 9.200 |  | **18.350** |
| 4 | Son Yeon-jae | South Korea | 9.050 | 9.166 |  | **18.216** |
| 5 | Ganna Rizatdinova | Ukraine | 8.900 | 9.233 |  | **18.133** |
| 6 | Neta Rivkin | Israel | 8.850 | 8.966 |  | **17.816** |
| 7 | Marina Durunda | Azerbaijan | 8.700 | 8.900 |  | **17.600** |
| 8 | Katsiaryna Halkina | Belarus | 8.650 | 8.866 |  | **17.516** |

### Clubs

Source:

| Rank | Gymnast | Nation | D Score | E Score | Pen. | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Yana Kudryavtseva | Russia | 9.500 | 9.566 |  | **19.066** |
|  | Aleksandra Soldatova | Russia | 9.350 | 9.233 |  | **18.583** |
|  | Ganna Rizatdinova | Ukraine | 9.300 | 9.266 |  | **18.566** |
| 4 | Melitina Staniouta | Belarus | 9.200 | 9.166 |  | **18.366** |
| 5 | Salome Pazhava | Georgia | 9.000 | 9.000 |  | **18.000** |
| 6 | Marina Durunda | Azerbaijan | 8.900 | 8.933 |  | **17.833** |
| 7 | Laura Zeng | United States | 8.800 | 8.866 |  | **17.666** |
| 8 | Son Yeon-jae | South Korea | 8.450 | 8.733 |  | **17.183** |

### Ribbon

Source:

| Rank | Gymnast | Nation | D Score | E Score | Pen. | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Yana Kudryavtseva | Russia | 9.400 | 9.466 |  | **18.866** |
|  | Margarita Mamun | Russia | 9.450 | 9.400 |  | **18.850** |
|  | Ganna Rizatdinova | Ukraine | 9.200 | 9.233 | -0.1 | **18.383** |
| 4 | Melitina Staniouta | Belarus | 9.150 | 9.100 |  | **18.250** |
| 5 | Son Yeon-jae | South Korea | 9.050 | 9.033 |  | **18.083** |
| 6 | Marina Durunda | Azerbaijan | 8.900 | 8.900 |  | **17.800** |
| 7 | Kseniya Moustafaeva | France | 8.850 | 8.900 |  | **17.750** |
| 8 | Varvara Filiou | Greece | 8.800 | 8.833 |  | **17.633** |

### All-Around

Source:

| Rank | Gymnast | Nation |  |  |  |  | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Yana Kudryavtseva | Russia | 19.000 | 19.116 | 19.000 | 18.516 | **75.632** |
|  | Margarita Mamun | Russia | 18.750 | 18.966 | 19.000 | 18.050 | **74.766** |
|  | Melitina Staniouta | Belarus | 18.400 | 17.783 | 18.033 | 17.916 | **72.132** |
| 4 | Salome Pazhava | Georgia | 18.183 | 17.750 | 18.083 | 17.766 | **71.782** |
| 5 | Ganna Rizatdinova | Ukraine | 17.675 | 18.550 | 17.033 | 18.283 | **71.541** |
| 6 | Marina Durunda | Azerbaijan | 17.933 | 17.983 | 17.783 | 17.700 | **71.399** |
| 7 | Neta Rivkin | Israel | 17.900 | 17.833 | 17.925 | 17.316 | **70.974** |
| 8 | Laura Zeng | United States | 17.633 | 17.600 | 17.633 | 17.550 | **70.416** |
| 9 | Carolina Rodríguez | Spain | 17.600 | 17.516 | 17.566 | 17.566 | **70.248** |
| 10 | Neviana Vladinova | Bulgaria | 17.333 | 17.633 | 17.516 | 17.633 | **70.115** |
| 11 | Son Yeon-jae | South Korea | 18.166 | 17.483 | 18.233 | 16.116 | **69.998** |
| 12 | Kseniya Moustafaeva | France | 17.716 | 17.683 | 17.233 | 17.083 | **69.715** |
| 13 | Katsiaryna Halkina | Belarus | 17.200 | 17.483 | 17.550 | 17.366 | **69.599** |
| 14 | Varvara Filiou | Greece | 17.600 | 17.383 | 17.533 | 16.933 | **69.449** |
| 15 | Kaho Minagawa | Japan | 16.900 | 17.700 | 17.266 | 17.533 | **69.399** |
| 16 | Elizaveta Nazarenkova | Uzbekistan | 17.216 | 17.250 | 17.333 | 17.483 | **69.282** |
| 17 | Sakura Hayakawa | Japan | 17.166 | 17.233 | 17.550 | 16.766 | **69.065** |
| 18 | Sabina Ashirbayeva | Kazakhstan | 17.166 | 17.233 | 17.266 | 17.266 | **68.931** |
| 19 | Jana Berezko-Marggrander | Germany | 17.300 | 16.466 | 17.216 | 17.216 | **68.198** |
| 20 | Nicol Ruprecht | Austria | 16.983 | 16.966 | 17.200 | 15.550 | **66.699** |
| 21 | Victoria Veinberg Filanovsky | Israel | 16.533 | 16.916 | 17.283 | 15.800 | **66.532** |
| 22 | Viktoriia Mazur | Ukraine | 16.716 | 16.400 | 16.616 | 16.483 | **66.215** |
| 23 | Veronica Bertolini | Italy | 17.016 | 15.933 | 16.416 | 16.800 | **66.165** |
| 24 | Mariya Mateva | Bulgaria | 16.500 | 17.133 | 16.150 | 16.150 | **66.049** |

## Groups

At these championships the Russian Federation finally regained the gold medal at the all-around competition, after eight years, the last time they won the competition was at the 2007 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships held in Patras, Greece.

### Group compositions

**Azerbaijan (AZE)**

**Belarus (BLR)**

**Brazil (BRA)**

**Bulgaria (BUL)**

**Canada (CAN)**

**China (CHN)**

**Egypt (EGY)**

**Spain (ESP)**

**Finland (FIN)**

**France (FRA)**

**Germany (GER)**

**Greece (GRE)**

**Israel (ISR)**

**Italy (ITA)**

**Japan (JPN)**

**South Korea (KOR)**

**Mexico (MEX)**

**Poland (POL)**

**Portugal (POR)**

**Russia (RUS)**

**Switzerland (SUI)**

**Ukraine (UKR)**

**United States (USA)**

**Uzbekistan (UZB)**

### All-Around

Source:

| Place | Nation | 5 | 6  \+ 2 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Russia | 18.016 | 18.250 | **36.266** |
|  | Bulgaria | 17.783 | 17.800 | **35.583** |
|  | Spain | 17.450 | 17.450 | **34.900** |
| 4 | Italy | 17.066 | 17.716 | **34.782** |
| 5 | Japan | 17.366 | 17.316 | **34.682** |
| 6 | Israel | 17.333 | 16.950 | **34.283** |
| 7 | Belarus | 16.383 | 17.633 | **34.016** |
| 8 | China | 16.566 | 16.633 | **33.199** |
| 9 | Ukraine | 16.400 | 16.766 | **33.166** |
| 10 | Uzbekistan | 15.700 | 16.866 | **32.566** |
| 10 | Germany | 15.650 | 16.916 | **32.566** |
| 12 | Azerbaijan | 15.666 | 16.866 | **32.532** |
| 13 | United States | 16.066 | 16.233 | **32.299** |
| 14 | Greece | 15.833 | 16.400 | **32.233** |
| 15 | Finland | 15.750 | 16.400 | **32.150** |
| 16 | Brazil | 16.041 | 15.900 | **31.941** |
| 17 | France | 16.133 | 15.183 | **31.316** |
| 18 | South Korea | 15.650 | 15.000 | **30.650** |
| 19 | Canada | 14.909 | 15.375 | **30.283** |
| 20 | Poland | 14.816 | 15.033 | **29.849** |
| 21 | Switzerland | 15.475 | 14.350 | **29.825** |
| 22 | Egypt | 13.933 | 13.566 | **27.499** |
| 23 | Portugal | 13.675 | 13.516 | **27.191** |
| 24 | Mexico | 13.416 | 12.791 | **26.207** |

### 5 Ribbons

Source:

| Rank | Nation | D Score | E Score | Pen. | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Italy | 8.900 | 9.000 |  | **17.900** |
|  | Russia | 8.750 | 9.100 |  | **17.850** |
|  | Japan | 8.700 | 8.666 |  | **17.366** |
| 4 | Bulgaria | 8.600 | 8.700 |  | **17.300** |
| 5 | Israel | 8.500 | 8.733 |  | **17.233** |
| 6 | Spain | 8.550 | 8.633 |  | **17.183** |
| 7 | China | 8.400 | 8.433 |  | **16.833** |
| 7 | Ukraine | 8.400 | 8.433 |  | **16.833** |

### 6 Clubs + 2 Hoops

Source:

| Rank | Nation | D Score | E Score | Pen. | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Russia | 9.050 | 9.075 |  | **18.125** |
|  | Italy | 9.000 | 9.100 |  | **18.100** |
|  | Bulgaria | 8.900 | 8.966 |  | **17.866** |
| 4 | Belarus | 8.800 | 8.833 |  | **17.633** |
| 5 | Japan | 8.700 | 8.800 |  | **17.500** |
| 6 | Israel | 8.650 | 8.700 |  | **17.350** |
| 7 | Germany | 8.500 | 8.500 |  | **17.000** |
| 8 | Azerbaijan | 8.400 | 8.166 |  | **16.566** |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Russia | 8 | 6 | 0 | 14 |
| 2 | Italy | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 3 | Belarus | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 4 | Bulgaria | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 5 | Ukraine | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| 6 | Japan | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Spain | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (7 entries) | | 9 | 9 | 9 | 27 |

## InfoBox

| 2015 Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| The Porsche Arena, where the competition took place | |
| Venue | Porsche-Arena |
| Location | Stuttgart, Germany |
| Start date | 7 September 2015 |
| End date | 13 September 2015 |
|


title: 1996 Algerian constitutional referendum

text:
# 1996 Algerian constitutional referendum

A constitutional referendum was held in Algeria on 28 November 1996. Held amidst the Algerian Civil War, the amendments would prohibit the use of Islam and ethnic identity in domestic politics. Despite calls for a boycott, the amendments were approved by 85.8% of voters with a 79.8% turnout. Parliamentary elections were held the following year.

## Results

| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| For | 10,945,321 | 85.8 |
| Against | 1,809,793 | 14.2 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 359,363 |  |
| **Total** | **13,114,477** | **100** |
| Registered voters/turnout | 16,434,574 | 79.8 |
| Source: Nohlen *et al.* | | |

## InfoBox

1996 Algerian constitutional referendum
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
| --- | |
| Results | |
| Choice Votes  %  **Yes** **10,785,919** **84.60%**  **No** 1,964,108 15.40%  Valid votes 12,750,027 97.24%  Invalid or blank votes 361,487 2.76%  **Total votes** **13,111,514** **100.00%**  Registered voters/turnout 16,434,574 79.78% | |


abstract:
The 1986 United States Senate election in South Dakota was held on November 4, 1986. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator James Abdnor ran for re-election to a second term, but was defeated by Democrat and future Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle.
This election was the only United States Senate election in South Dakota that Daschle would win by a narrow margin.

text:
# 1986 United States Senate election in South Dakota

The **1986 United States Senate election in South Dakota** was held on November 4, 1986. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator James Abdnor ran for re-election to a second term, but was defeated by Democrat and future Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle. This election was the only United States Senate election in South Dakota that Daschle would win by a narrow margin.

## Republican primary

### Candidates

### Results

Although Abdnor won the primary by a fairly comfortable margin, it hurt him badly. Daschle was uncontested for the Democratic nomination and therefore was able to focus on the general election early, while Abdnor had to fight a challenge from a popular incumbent governor. Many political analysts say this was one of the factors in Abdnor's general election loss.

Republican primary results
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **James Abdnor (incumbent)** | **63,414** | **54.51%** |
|  | Republican | Bill Janklow | 52,924 | 45.49% |
| Total votes | | | **116,338** | **100.00%** |

## General election

### Candidates

### Results

General election results
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Tom Daschle** | **152,657** | **51.60%** | **+12.21%** |
|  | Republican | James Abdnor (incumbent) | 143,173 | 48.40% | −9.80% |
| Total votes | | | **295,830** | **100.00%** | N/A |
|  | Democratic **gain** from Republican | | | | |

## InfoBox

1986 United States Senate election in South Dakota
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Tom Daschle** James Abdnor   Party Democratic Republican  Popular vote **152,657** 143,173  Percentage **51.60%** 48.40% | |
| ---  County results
**Daschle**:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
**Abdnor**:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% | |
| ---  **U.S. senator before election**
James Abdnor
Republican **Elected U.S. Senator**
Tom Daschle
Democratic | |


abstract: The Baptist Health System School of Health Professions evolved from a private network of health science schools sponsored by the Baptist Health System located at the South Texas Medical Center in San Antonio, Texas.

text:
# Baptist Health System School of Health Professions

The **Baptist Health System School of Health Professions** evolved from a private network of health science schools sponsored by the Baptist Health System located at the South Texas Medical Center in San Antonio, Texas.

## History

The School of Nursing was the first school, chartered in 1903. Surgical Technology followed in 1955, Medical Imaging Technology in 1959, and Vocational Nursing in 1988. In 2009, the first graduates were awarded the Associate of Applied Science in Nursing, ushering in a new era for the school. In 2010, the school was approved to offer the Associate of Applied Science in Radiologic Technology and the Associate of Applied Science in Surgical Technology. Also in 2010, the school offered the first fully online courses in the Magnetic Resonance Imaging program, followed in 2011 by a second fully online program, Advanced Certificate in Computed Tomography. The school was approved at the baccalaureate level to offer the RN to BSN in 2012 and the Bachelor of Science in Healthcare Management in 2013, both of which are fully online. In 2016, the Associate of Applied Science in Radiologic Technology and the Associate of Applied Science in Diagnostic Medical Sonography were approved for both resident and fully online delivery. The newest program and the first graduate program, the Master of Science in Nursing with a concentration in Nursing Administration, was approved for online delivery in 2017.

Baptist Health System has a reputation for graduating highly competent and caring health care professionals. Graduates will enter the dynamic health care environment at a time when their knowledge and skills are highly valued.

The School of Health Professions is a master, baccalaureate, and associate degree-granting institution and the premier education component of the Baptist Health System. The Baptist Health System School of Health Professions comprises the following academic departments and the Bruce A. Garrett Medical Library:

* General Education
* Medical Imaging Technology
* Professional Nursing
* Surgical Technology
* Vocational Nursing and Healthcare Management

29°31′01.2″N 98°34′02.9″W / 29.517000°N 98.567472°W / 29.517000; -98.567472


title: Aston, Ariège

abstract: Aston is a commune in the Ariège department in the Occitanie region of south-western France.

text:
# Aston, Ariège

**Aston** (French pronunciation: \[astɔ̃\]) is a commune in the Ariège department in the Occitanie region of south-western France.

## Geography

Aston is located some 90 km west of Perpignan and 30 km south of Foix. It is located high in the Pyrenees with its southern border the border between France and Andorra. Access to the commune is solely by a local road from Les Cabannes in the north to the village which lies at the northern tip of the commune. The D522 road from Les Cabannes passes down the eastern border of the commune in a tortuous route which terminates at the Angaka ski resort just east of the commune. Except for a very small area around the village the commune is extremely rugged and heavily forested.

The Aston river rises in the south of the commune and flows north, passing through the village, to join the Ariège at Les Cabannes, gathering a very large number of tributaries from all corners of the commune.

### Neighbouring communes and villages

### Climate

| Climate data for Aston (1991–2020 averages, 2002–2024 extremes): elevation 1781m | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.7
(60.3) | 16.2
(61.2) | 17.4
(63.3) | 20.3
(68.5) | 25.5
(77.9) | 30.2
(86.4) | 30.2
(86.4) | 29.6
(85.3) | 26.2
(79.2) | 23.1
(73.6) | 20.5
(68.9) | 16.8
(62.2) | 30.2
(86.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 3.5
(38.3) | 2.8
(37.0) | 5.1
(41.2) | 7.7
(45.9) | 11.1
(52.0) | 15.8
(60.4) | 18.1
(64.6) | 18.0
(64.4) | 14.5
(58.1) | 11.8
(53.2) | 6.7
(44.1) | 4.6
(40.3) | 10.0
(50.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.4
(31.3) | −1.3
(29.7) | 1.0
(33.8) | 3.9
(39.0) | 7.2
(45.0) | 11.6
(52.9) | 13.6
(56.5) | 13.5
(56.3) | 10.4
(50.7) | 7.9
(46.2) | 3.0
(37.4) | 0.7
(33.3) | 5.9
(42.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.3
(24.3) | −5.4
(22.3) | −3.0
(26.6) | 0.1
(32.2) | 3.2
(37.8) | 7.5
(45.5) | 9.1
(48.4) | 9.1
(48.4) | 6.3
(43.3) | 3.9
(39.0) | −0.6
(30.9) | −3.2
(26.2) | 1.9
(35.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −17.9
(−0.2) | −21.3
(−6.3) | −21.0
(−5.8) | −10.5
(13.1) | −7.2
(19.0) | −2.5
(27.5) | 0.8
(33.4) | 0.0
(32.0) | −4.0
(24.8) | −10.4
(13.3) | −14.1
(6.6) | −14.8
(5.4) | −21.3
(−6.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 93.8
(3.69) | 80.1
(3.15) | 86.9
(3.42) | 105.9
(4.17) | 127.2
(5.01) | 98.5
(3.88) | 92.6
(3.65) | 79.2
(3.12) | 78.8
(3.10) | 82.1
(3.23) | 101.0
(3.98) | 77.8
(3.06) | 1,103.9
(43.46) |
| Source: Meteociel | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Administration

**List of Successive Mayors**

| From | To | Name |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2001 | 2020 | Jean Lasalle |
| 2020 | 2026 | Alain Pujol |

## Demography

The inhabitants of the commune are known as *Astonnais* or *Astonnaises* in French.

Historical population
| Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1800  266       1806  471 +9.99%  1821  466 −0.07%  1831  529 +1.28%  1836  569 +1.47%  1841  570 +0.04%  1846  586 +0.56%  1851  604 +0.61%  1856  510 −3.33%  1861  503 −0.28%  1866  517 +0.55%  1872  502 −0.49%  1876  464 −1.95%  1881  422 −1.88%  1886  414 −0.38%  1891  371 −2.17%  1896  373 +0.11%  1901  334 −2.18% | Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1906  315 −1.16%  1911  296 −1.24%  1921  246 −1.83%  1926  211 −3.02%  1931  198 −1.26%  1936  181 −1.78%  1946  318 +5.80%  1954  229 −4.02%  1962  215 −0.79%  1968  201 −1.12%  1975  180 −1.56%  1982  321 +8.62%  1990  231 −4.03%  1999  241 +0.47%  2007  236 −0.26%  2012  220 −1.39%  2017  220 +0.00% |
| --- | --- |
| Source: EHESS and INSEE | |

## Economy

The commune has two dams for the generation of Hydroelectricity: the *Laparan* and the *Riète*. They are operated by Électricité de France.

## Sites and monuments

* The **Étang de Larnoum**

## InfoBox

| Aston | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| View of the *Étang de Larnoum* one of many Étangs in the commune | |
| Location of Aston | |
| AstonAston | |
| Coordinates: 42°46′32″N 1°40′27″E / 42.7756°N 1.6742°E / 42.7756; 1.6742 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Occitania |
| Department | Ariège |
| Arrondissement | Foix |
| Canton | Haute-Ariège |
| Intercommunality | CC Haute Ariège |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Alain Pujol |
| Area**1** | 153.8 km2 (59.4 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 198 |
| Density | 1.3/km2 (3.3/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 09024 /09310 |
| Elevation | 554–2,912 m (1,818–9,554 ft)
(avg. 560 m or 1,840 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Eriogonum deflexum

abstract: Eriogonum deflexum is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common names flatcrown buckwheat, flat-top buckwheat, and skeletonweed. This plant is native to the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, where it is common and grows in a variety of habitats, especially desert scrub. It is somewhat weedy where it is most abundant. This is an annual which varies in size from small patches on the ground to tangled bushes approaching two meters in height; it may be dense or thin and spindly. This is a brown or greenish weedy-looking herb with a many-branched stem. The leaves are located at the base of the plant and are rounded and woolly and one to four centimeters long. Small clusters of flowers appear at intervals along the branches with each flower only one to three millimeters wide and white or pinkish in color.

text:
# Eriogonum deflexum

***Eriogonum deflexum*** is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common names **flatcrown buckwheat**, **flat-top buckwheat**, and **skeletonweed**. This plant is native to the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, where it is common and grows in a variety of habitats, especially desert scrub. It is somewhat weedy where it is most abundant. This is an annual which varies in size from small patches on the ground to tangled bushes approaching two meters in height; it may be dense or thin and spindly. This is a brown or greenish weedy-looking herb with a many-branched stem. The leaves are located at the base of the plant and are rounded and woolly and one to four centimeters long. Small clusters of flowers appear at intervals along the branches with each flower only one to three millimeters wide and white or pinkish in color.

## InfoBox

| *Eriogonum deflexum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Polygonaceae |
| Genus: | *Eriogonum* |
| Species: | ***E. deflexum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eriogonum deflexum***<br>Torr. | |
|


title: Ford-Utilimaster FFV

abstract: The Ford-Utilimaster Flexible Fuel Vehicle is an American light transport truck model, designed as a mail truck for the United States Postal Service (USPS), which is its primary user. It was built as a partnership between Ford Motor Company, which supplied a stripped-down, right-hand drive Ford Explorer chassis and drivetrain, and Utilimaster, which built the aluminum body and integrated it with the chassis. The FFV can operate on either unleaded gasoline or E85 ethanol-blended fuel using the Ford 4.0 L Cologne OHV V6 engine. The FFV is similar in appearance to and has the same purpose as the earlier Grumman LLV; it can be distinguished from the LLV by the presence of a cargo-area window behind the street-side sliding door of the FFV.

text:
# Ford-Utilimaster FFV

The **Ford-Utilimaster Flexible Fuel Vehicle** (**FFV**; originally designated the **Carrier Route Vehicle**) is an American light transport truck model, designed as a mail truck for the United States Postal Service (USPS), which is its primary user. It was built as a partnership between Ford Motor Company, which supplied a stripped-down, right-hand drive Ford Explorer chassis and drivetrain, and Utilimaster, which built the aluminum body and integrated it with the chassis. The FFV can operate on either unleaded gasoline or E85 ethanol-blended fuel using the Ford 4.0 L *Cologne* OHV V6 engine.

The FFV is similar in appearance to and has the same purpose as the earlier Grumman LLV; it can be distinguished from the LLV by the presence of a cargo-area window behind the street-side sliding door of the FFV.

## History

The USPS solicited an offer to bid from Ford and Utilimaster in August 1998 for a fleet order of 10,000 vehicles to replace Jeep DJ-5 delivery vehicles. At the time, the phased implementation of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 required that 75% of federal fleet acquisitions were alternative fuel vehicles in fiscal year 1999. The contract was awarded a month later in September 1998; the first batch of 12 prototypes was completed and delivered for inspection within six months, by March 1999, which required Ford to retool its St. Louis Assembly Plant and Utilimaster to design and build a new body assembly plant. The prototypes were tested between March and July, and the feedback provided was incorporated into the final inspection vehicle, delivered on August 30, less than a year after the initial contract award.

The first production FFV was completed as the "USPS Carrier Route Vehicle" on December 17, 1999. The initial contract for 10,000 FFVs was completed in September 2000. The per-unit cost of the FFV in 2001 was US$20,537 (equivalent to $35,300 in 2023), and the final total order was for 21,275 FFVs, delivered in 2000 and 2001. In 2010, the USPS owned 21,137 FFVs, compared to 141,319 LLVs.

## Technical

The right-hand drive Explorer chassis were built at Ford's St. Louis Assembly Plant, including an aluminum dash panel; the completed chassis were shipped to Utilimaster's Wakarusa, Indiana plant for final assembly. The ladder frame chassis had a C-shaped cross section and six cross-members. At 17 ft (5.2 m) long, it is approximately 2 ft (0.61 m) longer than an LLV and has a larger cargo volume. Among the new safety features Utilimaster has added a window on the left hand side of the truck for better visibility in these right-hand-drive trucks.

The FFV was equipped with a 3:55:1 final drive limited-slip rear axle, powered by the 4.0L *Cologne* V6 through a 5-speed automatic transmission. The engine had a peak output of 160 hp (162 PS; 119 kW) at 4,000 RPM and 225 lb⋅ft (305 N⋅m; 31 kg⋅m) at 2,750 RPM. It rides on 15 in (380 mm) steel wheels and LT195/75R15C tires. Anecdotal evidence shows that some FFVs have four-wheel-drive. The FFV has an average observed fuel consumption of 6.9 mpgUS (34.1 L/100 km; 8.3 mpgimp), worse than the 8.2 mpgUS (28.7 L/100 km; 9.8 mpgimp) of the LLVs and slightly better than the 6.3 mpgUS (37.3 L/100 km; 7.6 mpgimp) of the commercial off-the-shelf Mercedes Metris vans that have been used to supplement the fleet.

At the time they were acquired, the only flexible fuel-capable engines were 6-cylinder types, which proved to be heavier and less fuel efficient than the 4-cylinder engines in the LLVs; in addition, E85 has less energy than gasoline, by volume, and it was estimated the USPS used 587,000 US gal (489,000 imp gal; 2,220,000 L) of E85 in fiscal year 2010 at a cost premium of US$135,700 (equivalent to $189,600 in 2023) compared to using gasoline vehicles. In Fiscal Year 2005, it was estimated that only 1,000 of the FFVs were using E85 regularly, consuming 582,000 US gal (485,000 imp gal; 2,200,000 L) with a 26% decrease in fuel economy.

## InfoBox

| Ford-Utilimaster Flexible Fuel Vehicle | |
| --- | --- |
| A 2000 FFV of the United States Postal Service, seen in Mount Lebanon, Pennsylvania, in August 2020. | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Utilimaster |
| Also called | USPS Mail truck |
| Production | 1999–2001 |
| Assembly |  |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Mail truck |
| Related | Ford Explorer |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 4.0 L (245 cu in) *Cologne* V6 |
| Transmission | 5-speed Ford *5R55E* automatic |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Grumman LLV |
| Successor | Oshkosh NGDV |


title: 1986–87 Cleveland Cavaliers season

abstract: The 1986–87 NBA season was the Cavaliers' 17th season in the NBA. The season saw the team draft Brad Daugherty and Ron Harper with the first and eighth overall picks, respectively. Future four-time All-Star Mark Price was brought in from Dallas, who drafted him in the second round of the draft.

text:
# 1986–87 Cleveland Cavaliers season

The **1986–87 NBA season** was the Cavaliers' 17th season in the NBA.

The season saw the team draft Brad Daugherty and Ron Harper with the first and eighth overall picks, respectively. Future four-time All-Star Mark Price was brought in from Dallas, who drafted him in the second round of the draft.

## Draft picks

| Round | Pick | Player | Position | Nationality | School/Club Team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | Brad Daugherty | C | United States | North Carolina |
| 1 | 8 | Ron Harper | G/SF | United States | Miami (OH) |
| 2 | 29 | Johnny Newman | SF | United States | Richmond |
| 3 | 50 | Kevin Henderson |  | United States | California State-Fullerton |
| 4 | 73 | Warren Martin |  | United States | North Carolina |
| 5 | 96 | Ben Davis |  | United States | Gardner-Webb |
| 6 | 119 | Gilbert Wilburn |  | United States | New Mexico State |
| 7 | 142 | Ralph Dalton |  | United States | Georgetown |

## Roster

**1986–87 Cleveland Cavaliers roster**
| Players | Coaches |
| --- | --- |
| Pos. No. Name Height Weight DOB From  PG 5 Bagley, John 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) 185 lb (84 kg) 1960-04-23 Boston College  SF 23 Corbin, Tyrone 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) 210 lb (95 kg) 1962-12-31 DePaul  43 Daugherty, Brad 7 ft 0 in (2.13 m) 245 lb (111 kg) 1965-10-19 North Carolina  SG 3 Ehlo, Craig 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) 180 lb (82 kg) 1961-08-11 Washington State  SG 4 Harper, Ron 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) 185 lb (84 kg) 1964-01-20 Miami (OH)  SF 35 Hubbard, Phil 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) 215 lb (98 kg) 1956-12-13 Michigan  PF 24 Lee, Keith 6 ft 10 in (2.08 m) 215 lb (98 kg) 1962-12-28 Memphis  SF 22 Newman, Johnny 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) 190 lb (86 kg) 1963-11-28 Richmond  PG 25 Price, Mark 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) 170 lb (77 kg) 1964-02-15 Georgia Tech  54 Turpin, Melvin 6 ft 11 in (2.11 m) 240 lb (109 kg) 1960-12-28 Kentucky  41 West, Mark 6 ft 10 in (2.08 m) 230 lb (104 kg) 1960-11-05 Old Dominion  PF 18 Williams, Hot Rod 6 ft 11 in (2.11 m) 215 lb (98 kg) 1962-08-09 Tulane | Head coach Assistant coach(es)   ---  Legend * **(DP)** Unsigned draft pick * **(FA)** Free agent * **(S)** Suspended * Injured  ---  Roster
Last transaction: March 5, 1987 |

## Regular season

### Season standings

|  | W | L | PCT | GB | Home | Road | Div |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **y**-Atlanta Hawks | 57 | 25 | .695 |  | 35–6 | 22–19 | 17–13 |
| **x**-Detroit Pistons | 52 | 30 | .634 | 5 | 32–9 | 20–21 | 17–13 |
| **x**-Milwaukee Bucks | 50 | 32 | .610 | 7 | 32–9 | 18–23 | 17–13 |
| **x**-Indiana Pacers | 41 | 41 | .500 | 16 | 28–13 | 13–28 | 13–16 |
| **x**-Chicago Bulls | 40 | 42 | .488 | 17 | 29–12 | 11–30 | 17–12 |
| Cleveland Cavaliers | 31 | 51 | .378 | 26 | 25–16 | 6–35 | 8–22 |

| # |  | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Team | W | L | PCT | GB |
| 1 | **c**-Boston Celtics | 59 | 23 | .720 |  |
| 2 | **y**-Atlanta Hawks | 57 | 25 | .695 | 2 |
| 3 | **x**-Detroit Pistons | 52 | 30 | .634 | 7 |
| 4 | **x**-Milwaukee Bucks | 50 | 32 | .610 | 9 |
| 5 | **x**-Philadelphia 76ers | 45 | 37 | .549 | 14 |
| 6 | **x**-Washington Bullets | 42 | 40 | .512 | 17 |
| 7 | **x**-Indiana Pacers | 41 | 41 | .500 | 18 |
| 8 | **x**-Chicago Bulls | 40 | 42 | .488 | 19 |
|  | | | | | |
| 9 | Cleveland Cavaliers | 31 | 51 | .378 | 28 |
| 10 | New Jersey Nets | 24 | 58 | .293 | 35 |
| 11 | New York Knicks | 24 | 58 | .293 | 35 |

**z** \- clinched division title **y** \- clinched division title **x** \- clinched playoff spot

### Record vs. opponents

| 1986-87 NBA Records | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | ATL | BOS | CHI | CLE | DAL | DEN | DET | GSW | HOU | IND | LAC | LAL | MIL | NJN | NYK | PHI | PHO | POR | SAC | SAS | SEA | UTA | WAS |
| Atlanta |  | 3–3 | 4–2 | 4–2 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 3–3 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 3–3 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 3–3 | 5–0 | 5–1 | 3–3 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 5–0 |
| Boston | 3–3 |  | 6–0 | 3–2 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 3–2 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 5–1 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 3–3 | 4–2 | 4–2 | 3–3 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 4–2 |
| Chicago | 2–4 | 0–6 |  | 5–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 3–3 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 3–2 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 4–2 | 3–2 | 4–2 | 3–3 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 3–3 |
| Cleveland | 2–4 | 2–3 | 1–5 |  | 0–2 | 1–1 | 1–5 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 3–3 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 1–5 | 4–2 | 4–1 | 2–4 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 2–4 |
| Dallas | 0–2 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 2–0 |  | 4–2 | 1–1 | 5–0 | 3–3 | 0–2 | 5–0 | 3–2 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 3–2 | 2–3 | 5–1 | 4–2 | 5–0 | 3–3 | 1–1 |
| Denver | 0–2 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–4 |  | 0–2 | 4–1 | 3–3 | 1–1 | 2–3 | 0–5 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 3–2 | 3–2 | 2–4 | 5–1 | 2–3 | 2–4 | 1–1 |
| Detroit | 3–3 | 2–3 | 3–3 | 5–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 |  | 1–1 | 1–1 | 3–3 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 3–3 | 5–1 | 6–0 | 5–0 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 3–3 |
| Golden State | 1–1 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 0–5 | 1–4 | 1–1 |  | 4–1 | 0–2 | 6–0 | 2–4 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 1–5 | 4–2 | 4–1 | 4–1 | 4–2 | 2–3 | 0–2 |
| Houston | 1–1 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 3–3 | 3–3 | 1–1 | 1–4 |  | 2–0 | 4–1 | 1–4 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 3–2 | 2–3 | 5–1 | 5–1 | 1–4 | 3–3 | 1–1 |
| Indiana | 3–3 | 1–5 | 2–3 | 3–3 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 3–3 | 2–0 | 0–2 |  | 2–0 | 0–2 | 2–4 | 5–1 | 3–2 | 2–4 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 4–2 |
| L.A. Clippers | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–5 | 3–2 | 0–2 | 0–6 | 1–4 | 0–2 |  | 0–6 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 1–5 | 0–6 | 1–4 | 1–4 | 2–4 | 2–3 | 0–2 |
| L.A. Lakers | 1–1 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–3 | 5–0 | 1–1 | 4–2 | 4–1 | 2–0 | 6–0 |  | 1–1 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 5–1 | 5–1 | 5–0 | 4–1 | 4–2 | 3–2 | 1–1 |
| Milwaukee | 3–3 | 3–3 | 2–4 | 5–1 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 3–3 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 4–2 | 2–0 | 1–1 |  | 4–2 | 4–2 | 2–3 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 4–1 |
| New Jersey | 0–5 | 2–4 | 2–3 | 2–4 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 1–5 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 1–5 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 2–4 |  | 5–1 | 3–3 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 2–4 |
| New York | 1–5 | 2–4 | 2–4 | 1–4 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–6 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 2–3 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 2–4 | 1–5 |  | 3–3 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 2–4 |
| Philadelphia | 3–3 | 3–3 | 3–3 | 4–2 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 0–5 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 4–2 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 3–2 | 3–3 | 3–3 |  | 1–1 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 3–3 |
| Phoenix | 1–1 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–3 | 2–3 | 1–1 | 5–1 | 2–3 | 1–1 | 5–1 | 1–5 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 |  | 2–4 | 2–3 | 2–3 | 1–5 | 4–1 | 0–2 |
| Portland | 1–1 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 3–2 | 2–3 | 2–0 | 2–4 | 3–2 | 2–0 | 6–0 | 1–5 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 4–2 |  | 3–2 | 4–1 | 4–2 | 3–2 | 1–1 |
| Sacramento | 0–2 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–5 | 4–2 | 1–1 | 1–4 | 1–5 | 1–1 | 4–1 | 0–5 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 3–2 | 2–3 |  | 3–3 | 2–3 | 1–5 | 1–1 |
| San Antonio | 0–2 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–4 | 1–5 | 1–1 | 1–4 | 1–5 | 0–2 | 4–1 | 1–4 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 3–2 | 1–4 | 3–3 |  | 1–4 | 2–4 | 0–2 |
| Seattle | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 0–5 | 3–2 | 0–2 | 2–4 | 4–1 | 1–1 | 4–2 | 2–4 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 5–1 | 2–4 | 3–2 | 4–1 |  | 3–2 | 1–1 |
| Utah | 0–2 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 3–3 | 4–2 | 1–1 | 3–2 | 3–3 | 1–1 | 3–2 | 2–3 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–4 | 2–3 | 5–1 | 4–2 | 2–3 |  | 1–1 |
| Washington | 0–5 | 2–4 | 3–3 | 4–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 3–3 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 2–4 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 1–4 | 4–2 | 4–2 | 3–3 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 |  |

### Game log

| 1986–87 game log
Total: 31–51 (Home: 25–16; Road: 6–35) |
| --- |
|
| November: 5–9 (home: 2–2; road: 3–7)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Record  2 November 2, 1986 Chicago  4 November 7, 1986 @ Golden State  8 November 15, 1986 @ Dallas  9 November 16, 1986 @ Houston  10 November 19, 1986 Golden State  11 November 20, 1986 @ Atlanta L 89–108    The Omni
8,547 3–8  12 November 22, 1986 @ Detroit |
| December : 8–7 (home: 7–3; road: 1–4)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Record  16 December 4, 1986 Detroit  17 December 6, 1986 Boston  18 December 9, 1986 Atlanta L 98–122    **Coliseum at Richfield**
10,276 8–10  25 December 23, 1986 @ Chicago  28 December 29, 1986 Atlanta W 107–106    **Coliseum at Richfield**
15,458 13–15 |
| January : 5–11 (home: 5–5; road: 0–6)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Record  32 January 6, 1987 Chicago  34 January 10, 1987 @ Atlanta L 104–129    The Omni
15,649 14–20  35 January 13, 1987 Detroit  36 January 14, 1987 @ Detroit  37 January 16, 1987 @ Boston  39 January 19, 1987 Houston  41 January 23, 1987 @ Chicago  42 January 24, 1987 Chicago  44 January 29, 1987 Atlanta W 102–91    **Coliseum at Richfield**
10,569 17–27 |
| February : 5–7 (home: 4–1; road: 1–6)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Record  46 February 4, 1987 @ Boston  49 February 12, 1987 Detroit  54 February 22, 1987 Chicago  56 February 25, 1987 @ Detroit  57 February 28, 1987 @ Denver |
| March : 4–12 (home: 3–4; road: 1–8)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Record  67 March 18, 1987 Denver  70 March 24, 1987 vs. Boston
(at Hartford, CT)  72 March 29, 1987 Dallas |
| April : 4–5 (home: 4–1; road: 0–4)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Record  76 April 6, 1987 @ Atlanta L 105–110    The Omni
8,459 27–49  77 April 7, 1987 |
| 1986–87 schedule | |

## Player statistics

Legend
| GP | Games played | GS | Games started | MPG | Minutes per game |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| FG% | Field-goal percentage | 3P% | 3-point field-goal percentage | FT% | Free-throw percentage |
| RPG | Rebounds per game | APG | Assists per game | SPG | Steals per game |
| BPG | Blocks per game | PPG | Points per game |  |  |

| Player | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3FG% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ron Harper | 82 | 82 | 37.4 | 45.5 | 21.3 | 68.4 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 2.5 | 1.0 | 22.9 |
| Brad Daugherty | 80 | 80 | 33.7 | 53.8 | 0.0 | 69.6 | 8.1 | 3.8 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 15.7 |
| Hot Rod Williams | 80 | 80 | 33.9 | 48.5 | 0.0 | 74.5 | 7.9 | 1.9 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 14.6 |
| Phil Hubbard | 68 | 68 | 30.6 | 53.1 | 0.0 | 59.6 | 5.7 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 11.8 |
| John Bagley | 72 | 67 | 30.3 | 42.6 | 30.1 | 83.1 | 3.5 | 5.3 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 10.7 |
| Mark Price | 67 | 0 | 18.2 | 40.8 | 32.9 | 83.3 | 1.7 | 3.0 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 6.9 |
| Mark West | 78 | 13 | 17.1 | 54.3 | 0.0 | 51.4 | 4.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 6.5 |
| Craig Ehlo | 44 | 15 | 20.2 | 41.4 | 17.2 | 70.7 | 3.7 | 2.1 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 6.2 |
| Keith Lee | 67 | 1 | 13.0 | 45.5 | 0.0 | 71.3 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 6.1 |
| Melvin Turpin | 64 | 1 | 12.5 | 46.2 | 0.0 | 71.4 | 3.0 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 6.1 |
| Johnny Newman | 59 | 0 | 10.7 | 41.1 | 4.5 | 86.8 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 5.0 |
| Tyrone Corbin | 32 | 0 | 13.7 | 36.8 | 25.0 | 73.7 | 3.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 4.0 |
| Scooter McCray | 24 | 2 | 11.6 | 46.2 | 0.0 | 48.8 | 2.4 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 3.3 |
| Ben Poquette | 37 | 1 | 11.8 | 50.0 | 0.0 | 79.5 | 2.1 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 3.1 |
| Dirk Minniefield | 11 | 0 | 11.1 | 31.0 | 0.0 | 25.0 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 2.5 |

Player Statistics Citation:

## Awards and records

## Transactions

## InfoBox

| 1986–87 Cleveland Cavaliers season | |
| --- | --- |
| Head coach | Lenny Wilkens |
| General manager | Wayne Embry |
| Owners |  |
| Arena | Coliseum at Richfield |
| Results | |
| Record | 3151 (.378) |
| Place | Division: 6th (Central)
Conference: 9th (Eastern) |
| Playoff finish | Did not qualify |
| ---  Stats at **Basketball-Reference.com** | |
| Local media | |
| Television | WUAB |
| Radio | WWWE |
|


title: Bart Peterson

abstract: Barton "Bart" R. Peterson is an American lawyer and politician who served as mayor of the U.S city of Indianapolis, Indiana. He is also a past president of the National League of Cities. A Democrat, he was first elected in 1999 and later defeated in 2007 in a bid for a third term in what was widely viewed as a huge upset.

text:
# Bart Peterson

**Barton "Bart" R. Peterson** (born June 15, 1958) is an American lawyer and politician who served as mayor of the U.S city of Indianapolis, Indiana. He is also a past president of the National League of Cities. A Democrat, he was first elected in 1999 and later defeated in 2007 in a bid for a third term in what was widely viewed as a huge upset.

## Biography

A lifelong Indianapolis resident, Peterson graduated from North Central High School before attending Purdue University. After graduating from the University of Michigan Law School, he practiced law in Indianapolis for several years before joining the staff of Governor Evan Bayh, eventually serving as the Governor's Chief of Staff.

Peterson announced his candidacy for mayor of Indianapolis in 1999 and defeated the Republican candidate, Indiana Secretary of State Sue Anne Gilroy, 52 percent to 41 percent. When Peterson took office in 2000, he became Indianapolis's first Democratic mayor since 1967. Among his accomplishments during his first term were the establishment of charter schools in the city and development of several arts and culture initiatives.

Peterson was re-elected in 2003 with 63 percent of the vote, handily defeating Republican Marion County Treasurer Greg Jordan. During his second term, he led the efforts to consolidate city and county government, merging the Indianapolis Police Department with the Marion County Sheriff's Department to form the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department under the leadership of Marion County Sheriff Frank J. Anderson, and merging several township fire departments with the Indianapolis Fire Department. He also oversaw plans to construct a new home for the Indianapolis Colts while also expanding the Indiana Convention Center. Peterson is also credited for attracting additional downtown development including the construction of a downtown Simon Property Group headquarters and Conrad Hotel tower.

Peterson was expected  to easily cruise to re-election in 2007 as no well-known Republican candidates entered the race, leaving relatively unknown political newcomer Greg Ballard as his opposition. Due to high property taxes and a rising crime rate, several polls rated the race about even as election day approached. When voters went to the polls, Peterson lost to Ballard by a margin of 51 percent to 47 percent.

Prior to the election, both Democrats and Republicans considered Peterson a political star, and he had been mentioned as a candidate for governor or the United States Senate. The loss prompted many pundits to declare it the biggest political upset in Indiana history.

In December 2007, Peterson was mentioned as a possible candidate in the special election to fill the seat of recently deceased Congresswoman Julia Carson. A few days later, Peterson ruled out a run for this office.

Harvard University's Institute of Politics hired Peterson as a resident fellow in January 2008. At Harvard he led study groups on urban politics that he confronted in his time as mayor, including building arts communities, education reform, sports facilities, and homelessness. Living Cities, a national philanthropic organization that conducts research and advocates on behalf of cities, selected Peterson as one of its first two Distinguished Urban Fellows in March 2008. Peterson remains involved in community activities in Indianapolis, particularly as the Chair of the Board of Directors for The Mind Trust, a nonprofit organization he founded in 2006 with his former charter schools director David Harris to promote entrepreneurship in education.

In June 2009, Peterson joined Eli Lilly and Company as senior vice president of corporate affairs and communications. This is the same position Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels previously held.

## InfoBox

| Bart Peterson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 47th Mayor of Indianapolis | |
| **In office**
January 1, 2000  January 1, 2008 | |
| Preceded by | Stephen Goldsmith |
| Succeeded by | Greg Ballard |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Barton R. Peterson
(1958-06-15) June 15, 1958
Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Residence(s) | Indianapolis, Indiana |
| Alma mater | Purdue University
University of Michigan |
|  | |


abstract: The 2015–16 Montana Grizzlies basketball team represented the University of Montana during the 2015–16 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Grizzlies, led by second year head coach Travis DeCuire, played their home games at Dahlberg Arena and were members of the Big Sky Conference. They finished the season 21–12, 14–4 in Big Sky play to finish in second place. They defeated Sacramento State and Idaho to advance to the championship game of the Big Sky tournament where they lost to Weber State. They were invited to the College Basketball Invitational where they lost in the first round to Nevada.

text:
# 2015–16 Montana Grizzlies basketball team

2015–16 Big Sky men's basketball standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | PCT |  |  | W |  | L |  | PCT |
| Weber State | 15 |  | 3 |  | .833 |  |  | 26 |  | 9 |  | .743 |
| Montana | 14 |  | 4 |  | .778 |  |  | 21 |  | 12 |  | .636 |
| Idaho | 12 |  | 6 |  | .667 |  |  | 21 |  | 13 |  | .618 |
| Idaho State | 11 |  | 7 |  | .611 |  |  | 16 |  | 15 |  | .516 |
| Eastern Washington | 10 |  | 8 |  | .556 |  |  | 18 |  | 16 |  | .529 |
| North Dakota | 10 |  | 8 |  | .556 |  |  | 17 |  | 16 |  | .515 |
| Montana State | 9 |  | 9 |  | .500 |  |  | 14 |  | 17 |  | .452 |
| Portland State | 8 |  | 10 |  | .444 |  |  | 13 |  | 18 |  | .419 |
| Northern Colorado | 7 |  | 11 |  | .389 |  |  | 10 |  | 21 |  | .323 |
| Sacramento State | 6 |  | 12 |  | .333 |  |  | 14 |  | 17 |  | .452 |
| Northern Arizona | 3 |  | 15 |  | .167 |  |  | 5 |  | 25 |  | .167 |
| Southern Utah | 3 |  | 15 |  | .167 |  |  | 5 |  | 24 |  | .172 |
|  | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Conference tournament winner
 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **2015–16 Montana Grizzlies basketball team** represented the University of Montana during the 2015–16 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Grizzlies, led by second year head coach Travis DeCuire, played their home games at Dahlberg Arena and were members of the Big Sky Conference. They finished the season 21–12, 14–4 in Big Sky play to finish in second place. They defeated Sacramento State and Idaho to advance to the championship game of the Big Sky tournament where they lost to Weber State. They were invited to the College Basketball Invitational where they lost in the first round to Nevada.

## Previous season

The Grizzlies finished the season 20–13, 14–4 in Big Sky play to finish in a share for the Big Sky regular season championship. They advanced to the championship game of the Big Sky tournament where they lost to Eastern Washington. As a regular season conference champions and #1 overall seed in their conference tournament, they received an automatic bid to the National Invitation Tournament where they lost in the first round to Texas A&M.

## Departures

| Name | Number | Pos. | Height | Weight | Year | Hometown | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Jordan Gregory | 10 | G | 6'2" | 194 | Senior | Pueblo, CO | Graduated |
| Daniel Nwosu | 22 | G | 6'2" | 175 | Sophomore | Ottawa, ON | Transferred to Newman |
| Chris Kemp | 24 | C | 6'7" | 236 | Senior | Baltimore, MD | Graduated |
| Michael Weisner | 33 | F | 6'7" | 193 | RS Senior | Walla Walla, WA | Graduated |

### Incoming transfers

| Name | Number | Pos. | Height | Weight | Year | Hometown | Previous School |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Walter Wright | 5 | G | 5'10" | 165 | Junior | Westbury, CT | Junior college transferred from Snow College |
| Ahmaad Rorie | 14 | G | 6'1" | 175 | Sophomore | Tacoma, WA | Transferred from Oregon. Under NCAA transfer rules, Rorie will have to sit out for the 2015–16 season. Will have three years of remaining eligibility. |

## 2015 incoming recruits

US college sports recruiting information for high school athletes
| Name | Hometown | High school / college | Height | Weight | Commit date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Michael Oguine**
*#74 PG* | Reseda, CA | Chaminade College Prep | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) | 160 lb (73 kg) | Sep 18, 2014 |
| | **Recruiting star ratings:** Scout:   Rivals: *N/A*   247Sports: *N/A*    ESPN grade: 69 | | | | | | |
| **Jared Samuelson**
*#83 SF* | Billings, MT | Billings West High School | 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) | 205 lb (93 kg) | Aug 17, 2014 |
| | **Recruiting star ratings:** Scout: *N/A*   Rivals: *N/A*   247Sports: *N/A*    ESPN grade: 67 | | | | | | |
| **Bobby Moorehead**
*SG* | Tacoma, WA | Stadium High School | 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) | N/A | Mar 13, 2015 |
| | **Recruiting star ratings:** Scout: *N/A*   Rivals: *N/A*   247Sports: *N/A*    ESPN grade: NR | | | | | | |
| **Overall recruiting rankings:** | | | | | | |
| * *Note*: In many cases, Scout, Rivals, 247Sports, and ESPN may conflict in their listings of height and weight. * In these cases, the average was taken. ESPN grades are on a 100-point scale.  *Sources:*
* "2015 Team Ranking". Rivals.com. Retrieved September 12, 2015. | | | | | | |

### 2016 incoming recruits

| US college sports recruiting information for 2016 recruits | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Name | Hometown | High school / college | Height | Weight | Commit date |
| **Sayeed Pridgett**
*#74 PG* | El Cerrito, CA | El Cerrito High School | 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) | 175 lb (79 kg) | Sep 7, 2015 |
| | **Recruiting star ratings:** Scout:   Rivals: *N/A*   247Sports: *N/A*    ESPN grade: NR | | | | | | |
| **Overall recruiting rankings:** | | | | | | |
| * *Note*: In many cases, Scout, Rivals, 247Sports, and ESPN may conflict in their listings of height and weight. * In these cases, the average was taken. ESPN grades are on a 100-point scale.  *Sources:*
 | | | | | | |

## Roster

| 2015–16 Montana Grizzlies men's basketball team | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| Pos. # Name Height Weight Year Previous school Hometown  1 Mario Jr. Dunn 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) 172 lb (78 kg) Jr Salesian Oakland, CA  2 Riley Bradshaw 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) 180 lb (82 kg) RS Jr Corvallis
Utah State Corvallis, MT  5 Walter Wright 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) 165 lb (75 kg) Jr Wilby
Snow College Waterbury, CT  10 Michael Oguine 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) 175 lb (79 kg) Fr Chaminade Prep Porter Ranch, CA  12 Martin Breunig 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) 210 lb (95 kg) RS Sr St. John’s NW Military Acad.
Washington Leverkusen, Germany  14 Ahmaad Rorie **(I)**  6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) 175 lb (79 kg) So Lincoln
Oregon Tacoma, WA  15 Trevor Spoja 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) 170 lb (77 kg) Fr Billings West Billings, MT  20 Fabijan Krslovic 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) 225 lb (102 kg) So St Aloysius New South Wales, Australia  22 Zachary Camel 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) 166 lb (75 kg) Fr Arlee Polson, MT  24 Bobby Moorehead 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) 190 lb (86 kg) Fr Stadium Tacoma, WA  30 Gavin DeJong **(W)** 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) 215 lb (98 kg) So Manhattan Manhattan, MT  31 Jack Lopez 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) 215 lb (98 kg) Jr Jannali Bankstown, Australia  32 Aaron Misipeka-Ward 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) 185 lb (84 kg) Jr Florence-Carlton Florence, MT  33 Jared Samuelson 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) 215 lb (98 kg) Fr Billings West Billings, MT  34 Brandon Gfeller 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) 190 lb (86 kg) Jr Colfax Colfax, WA  35 Bryden Boehning 6 ft 10 in (2.08 m) 230 lb (104 kg) RS Fr Dawson County Glendive, MT | Head coach Assistant coach(es)   ---  Legend* **(C)** Team captain * **(S)** Suspended * **(I)** Ineligible * **(W)** Walk-on  ---  Roster |

## Schedule

Montana's nonconference schedule includes true road games at Kansas, Gonzaga, and North Dakota State. The Grizzlies will also play at Washington and host Boise State.

| Date
time, TV | Opponent | Result | Record | Site (attendance)
city, state |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Exhibition | | | | | | | | |
| 11/03/2015*
7:00 pm | Whitworth | **W** 83–64 |
 | Dahlberg Arena (2,584)
Missoula, MT |
| Non-conference regular season | | | | | | | | |
| 11/13/2015*
7:00 pm | Boise State | **W** 74–72 | 1–0
 | Dahlberg Arena (5,421)
Missoula, MT |
| 11/16/2015*
8:00 pm | at San Jose State | **L** 61–64 | 1–1
 | Event Center Arena (1,231)
San Jose, CA |
| 11/21/2015*
7:00 pm | Carroll (MT) | **W** 70–61 | 2–1
 | Dahlberg Arena (3,012)
Missoula, MT |
| 11/25/2015*
6:00 pm | at North Dakota State | **L** 53–73 | 2–2
 | Scheels Arena (3,536)
Fargo, ND |
| 11/29/2015*
4:30 pm | at Pepperdine | **L** 63–69 | 2–3
 | Firestone Fieldhouse (1,154)
Malibu, CA |
| 12/04/2015*
7:00 pm | San Francisco | **W** 82–50 | 3–3
 | Dahlberg Arena (3,279)
Missoula, MT |
| 12/08/2015*
7:00 pm, RTNW | at No. 20 Gonzaga | **L** 58–61 | 3–4
 | McCarthey Athletic Center (6,000)
Spokane, WA |
| 12/12/2015*
4:00 pm, P12N | at Washington | **L** 62–92 | 3–5
 | Alaska Airlines Arena (6,647)
Seattle, WA |
| 12/15/2015*
7:00 pm | Great Falls | **W** 79–59 | 4–5
 | Dahlberg Arena (2,558)
Missoula, MT |
| 12/19/2015*
12:00 pm, ESPN3 | at No. 2 Kansas | **L** 46–88 | 4–6
 | Allen Fieldhouse (16,300)
Lawrence, KS |
| 12/22/2015*
1:00 pm | Montana–Western | **W** 75–43 | 5–6
 | Dahlberg Arena (2,709)
Missoula, MT |
| Big Sky regular season | | | | | | | | |
| 12/31/2015
12:00 pm | at Northern Arizona | **W** 90–84 2OT | 6–6
(1–0) | Walkup Skydome (907)
Flagstaff, AZ |
| 01/02/2016
7:00 pm | at Southern Utah | **W** 83–66 | 7–6
(2–0) | Centrum Arena (2,330)
Cedar City, UT |
| 01/07/2016
7:00 pm | Portland State | **W** 79–66 | 8–6
(3–0) | Dahlberg Arena (3,451)
Missoula, MT |
| 01/09/2016
7:00 pm | Sacramento State | **W** 77–58 | 9–6
(4–0) | Dahlberg Arena (3,846)
Missoula, MT |
| 01/14/2016
7:00 pm | at Northern Colorado | **W** 73–66 | 10–6
(5–0) | Bank of Colorado Arena (1,302)
Greeley, CO |
| 01/16/2016
1:00 pm | at North Dakota | **W** 65–61 | 11–6
(6–0) | Betty Engelstad Sioux Center (2,387)
Grand Forks, ND |
| 01/21/2016
7:00 pm | Idaho | **L** 53–68 | 11–7
(6–1) | Dahlberg Arena (3,733)
Missoula, MT |
| 01/23/2016
7:00 pm | Eastern Washington | **W** 74–69 | 12–7
(7–1) | Dahlberg Arena (4,923)
Missoula, MT |
| 01/30/2016
7:00 pm | at Montana State | **W** 80–72 | 13–7
(8–1) | Worthington Arena (5,407)
Bozeman, MT |
| 02/04/2016
8:00 pm | at Sacramento State | **L** 79–83 | 13–8
(8–2) | Hornets Nest (965)
Sacramento, CA |
| 02/06/2016
8:00 pm | at Portland State | **W** 82–80 | 14–8
(9–2) | Peter Stott Center (1,045)
Portland, OR |
| 02/11/2016
7:00 pm | at Southern Utah | **W** 86–53 | 15–8
(10–2) | Dahlberg Arena (3,351)
Missoula, MT |
| 02/13/2015
7:00 pm | Northern Arizona | **W** 85–67 | 16–8
(11–2) | Dahlberg Arena (4,339)
Missoula, MT |
| 02/20/2016
7:00 pm | Montana State | **W** 87–78 | 17–8
(12–2) | Dahlberg Arena (6,552)
Missoula, MT |
| 02/25/2016
7:00 pm | at Idaho State | **W** 90–77 | 18–8
(13–2) | Reed Gym (1,951)
Pocatello, ID |
| 02/27/2016
7:00 pm | at Weber State | **L** 54–60 | 18–9
(13–3) | Dee Events Center (8,960)
Ogden, UT |
| 03/03/2016
7:00 pm | North Dakota | **W** 71–46 | 19–9
(14–3) | Dahlberg Arena (4,003)
Missoula, MT |
| 03/05/2016
7:00 pm | Northern Colorado | **W** 78–72 | 19–10
(14–4) | Dahlberg Arena (4,224)
Missoula, MT |
| Big Sky tournament | | | | | | | | |
| 03/10/2016
6:30 pm | vs. Sacramento State
*Quarterfinals* | **W** 70–53 | 20–10
 | Reno Events Center (2,213)
Reno, NV |
| 03/11/2016
9:00 pm | vs. Idaho
*Semifinals* | **W** 81–72 | 21–10
 | Reno Events Center (2,362)
Reno, NV |
| 03/12/2016
6:45 pm, ESPNU | vs. Weber State
*Championship game* | **L** 59–62 | 21–11
 | Reno Events Center (2,516)
Reno, NV |
| CBI | | | | | | | | |
| 03/16/2016*
8:00 pm | at Nevada
*First round* | **L** 75–79 | 21–12
 | Lawlor Events Center (4,524)
Reno, NV |
| *Non-conference game. #Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses.
All times are in Mountain Time.. | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 2015–16 Montana Grizzlies basketball | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| CBI, First round | |
| Conference | Big Sky Conference |
| Record | 21–12 (14–4 Big Sky) |
| Head coach |  |
| Assistant coaches | * Ken Bone * Jonathan Metzger-Jones * Chris Cobb |
| Home arena | Dahlberg Arena |
|


title: 1996 Algerian Cup final

abstract: The 1996 Algerian Cup Final was the 32nd final of the Algerian Cup. The final took place on July 5, 1996, at Stade 5 Juillet 1962 in Algiers. MC Oran beat USM Blida 1-0 to win their 4th Algerian Cup.

text:
# 1996 Algerian Cup final

The **1996 Algerian Cup Final** was the 32nd final of the Algerian Cup. The final took place on July 5, 1996, at Stade 5 Juillet 1962 in Algiers. MC Oran beat USM Blida 1-0 to win their 4th Algerian Cup.

## Road to final

| Round | Opposition | Score |
| --- | --- | --- |
| R64 | RC M'zab (N) | 6–3 |
| R32 | CRE Constantine (A) | 1–1 () (4–2) |
| R16 | CS Constantine (A) | 3–4 () |
| Quarter-finals | ASPC Tlemcen (N) | 4–1 |
| Semi-final | ES Sétif (N) | 4–3 () |
| | **Key:** (H) = Home venue; (A) = Away venue; (N) = Neutral venue. | | |

| Round | Opposition | Score |
| --- | --- | --- |
| R64 | WA Mostaganem (A) | 1–3 () |
| R32 | ES Mostaganem (A) | 0–2 |
| R16 | WA Tlemcen (H) | 1–0 |
| Quarter-finals | USM Bel Abbès (N) | 3–1 () |
| Semi-final | HB Chelghoum Laid (N) | 2–1 () |
| | **Key:** (H) = Home venue; (A) = Away venue; (N) = Neutral venue. | | |

## Pre-match

### Details

| MC Oran | 1 - 0 (a.e.t.) | USM Blida |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Omar Belatoui  115' (pen.) | Report<br>(in French) |  |

Stade 5 Juillet 1962, AlgiersAttendance: 74.738Referee: Mohamed Kouradji, Belbordj, Bousnadji

| GK **1** Abdesslam Benabdellah  DF **2** Abdelkrim Kherif  DF **3** Moulay Haddou  DF **4** Cheïkh Bouha  DF **5** Omar Belatoui   MF **6** Tahar Chérif El-Ouazzani   MF **7** Sid Ahmed Zerrouki  MF **8** Cheïkh Benzerga  FW **9** Ali Meçabih  MF **10** Nacer Gaïd   68'  FW **11** Mourad Meziane ()   92'  **Substitutes :**   DF **12** Sadek Mazri    FW **13** Afif Goual   68'  FW **14** Kouider Boukessassa   92'  DF **15** Noureddine Kadda    GK **16** Kenz Saoula    **Manager :**  Mohammed Henkouche & Habib Benmimoune |  | GK **1** Mohamed Hammouche  DF **2** Hocine Hamrouni    102'  DF **3** Mohamed Allag  DF **4** Hakim Zane  DF **5** Kamel Zane ()  MF **6** Billel Harkas  MF **7** Mourad Hamiti   MF **8** Sid Ali Saoudi   80'  FW **9** Billal Zouani  FW **10** Réda Zouani  FW **11** Mustapha Chambet   107'  **Substitutes :**   DF **12** Abdennour Krebazza   102'  MF **13** Djilali Madjour   80'  FW **14** Adel Bourzak   107'  MF **15** Merzak Ali-Messaoud    GK **16** Mohamed-Chérif Manaâ    **Manager :**  Mokhtar Belabed & Ahmed Echouf |
| --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

1996 Algerian Cup Final
| Stade du 5 Juillet hosted the match | |
| --- | --- |
| Event | 1995–96 Algerian Cup |
|  | |
| Date | July 5, 1996 |
| Venue | Stade 5 Juillet 1962, Algiers |
| Referee | Mohamed Kouradji |
| Attendance | 74.738 |
|


title: Baptist Hospital of Miami

abstract:
Baptist Hospital of Miami is a non-profit hospital located in Miami, Florida, United States, operated by Baptist Health South Florida. Founded in 1960, it is now one of the largest hospitals in the Miami area. The corporate headquarters is located in Coral Gables, Florida, and has facilities throughout Dade County, into the Florida Keys, and in southern Broward County. Baptist Hospital is the largest faith-based non-profit organization hospital in the Miami area, handling a volume of over 100,000 patients a year. The hospital attracts international patients from the Caribbean, Central America and South America. Baptist Hospital is the eleventh hospital in the United States to receive the ”Magnet” of excellence in nursing. The hospital is currently celebrating its 50th year in operation.
The Department of Justice (DOJ), on behalf of the Office of Inspector General (OIG), agreed to accept $7,775,000 as a settlement amount after Baptist admitted to violations of the federal physician self referral law. Ranked #1 in Miami-area hospitals in the 2015-16 U.S. News & World Report survey.
In December 2016, another one of its affiliates, South Miami Hospital, paid $12 million to settle Medicare fraud charges.

text:
# Baptist Hospital of Miami

**Baptist Hospital of Miami** is a non-profit hospital located in Miami, Florida, United States, operated by Baptist Health South Florida.

Founded in 1960, it is now one of the largest hospitals in the Miami area. The corporate headquarters is located in Coral Gables, Florida, and has facilities throughout Dade County, into the Florida Keys, and in southern Broward County. Baptist Hospital is the largest faith-based non-profit organization hospital in the Miami area, handling a volume of over 100,000 patients a year.  The hospital attracts international patients from the Caribbean, Central America and South America. Baptist Hospital is the eleventh hospital in the United States to receive the ”Magnet” of excellence in nursing.  The hospital is currently celebrating its 50th year in operation. The Department of Justice (DOJ), on behalf of the Office of Inspector General (OIG), agreed to accept $7,775,000 as a settlement amount after Baptist admitted to violations of the federal physician self referral law (the "Stark Law"). Ranked #1 in Miami-area hospitals in the 2015-16 U.S. News & World Report survey. In December 2016, another one of its affiliates, South Miami Hospital, paid $12 million to settle Medicare fraud charges.

## InfoBox

| Baptist Hospital of Miami | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Miami, Florida, United States |
| Coordinates | 25°41′8″N 80°20′22″W / 25.68556°N 80.33944°W / 25.68556; -80.33944 |
| Organization | |
| Funding | Private |
| Type | Community |
| Services | |
| Beds | 948 |
| History | |
| Opened | 1960 |
| Links | |
| Website | Baptist Hospital |
| Lists | Hospitals in Florida |


title: 1958 Little League World Series

abstract: The 1958 Little League World Series took place on August 19 through 22 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Industrial Little League of Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, won its second consecutive Little League World Series (LLWS) by defeating the Jaycee Little League of Kankakee, Illinois, in the 12th championship game. This was the last LLWS to be played at Original Field in Williamsport. This was the first LLWS to include teams from more than four qualifying regions, and also the first to give automatic berths to teams from Canada, represented by the Valleyfield Little League of Valleyfield, Quebec, and to Latin America, represented by Monterrey.

text:
# 1958 Little League World Series

The **1958 Little League World Series** took place on August 19 through 22 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Industrial Little League of Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, won its second consecutive Little League World Series (LLWS) by defeating the Jaycee Little League of Kankakee, Illinois, in the 12th championship game.

This was the last LLWS to be played at Original Field in Williamsport. This was the first LLWS to include teams from more than four qualifying regions, and also the first to give automatic berths to teams from Canada, represented by the Valleyfield Little League of Valleyfield, Quebec, and to Latin America, represented by Monterrey.

## Teams

| United States | International |
| --- | --- |
| Kankakee, Illinois
North Region
Jaycee Little League | Valleyfield, Quebec
Canada Region
Valleyfield Little League |
| Darien, Connecticut
East Region
Darien Little League | Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
Latin America Region
Industrial Little League |
| Gadsden, Alabama
South Region
National League of Gadsden | Honolulu, Hawaii
Pacific Region
Pearl Harbor Little League |
| Portland, Oregon
West region
Rose City Little League |  |

## Bracket

| 1958 Little League World Series Champions |
| --- |
|
**Industrial Little League**
**Monterrey, Nuevo León** |

## Champions path

| Round | Opposition | Result |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mexico Championship | | |
| ? | Tolteca LL | ? |
| ? | Metropolitana LL | ? |
| ? | Maya LL | ? |
| Latinoamerican Championship | | |
| ? | Puerto Rico | 15–0 |
| ? | Venezuela | 2–0 |

## Notable players

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

1958 Little League World Series
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | August 19–August 22 |
| Teams | 7 |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Industrial Little League
Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico |
| Runner-up | Jaycee Little League
Kankakee, Illinois |
|  | |


title: Eriogonum diclinum

abstract: Eriogonum diclinum is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common name Jaynes Canyon buckwheat. It is native to the Klamath Mountains of northern California and southern Oregon, where it is an uncommon member of plant communities on serpentine soils. This is a small dioecious shrub forming low, thick mats rarely exceeding 20 centimeters in height. The curving, oval-shaped leaves are woolly and greenish gray in color, growing up to two centimeters long. The plant flowers in yellow to reddish rounded inflorescences, male plants producing clusters of staminate flowers, and female plants producing larger clusters of pistillate flowers.

text:
# Eriogonum diclinum

***Eriogonum diclinum*** is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common name **Jaynes Canyon buckwheat**. It is native to the Klamath Mountains of northern California and southern Oregon, where it is an uncommon member of plant communities on serpentine soils. This is a small dioecious shrub forming low, thick mats rarely exceeding 20 centimeters in height. The curving, oval-shaped leaves are woolly and greenish gray in color, growing up to two centimeters long. The plant flowers in yellow to reddish rounded inflorescences, male plants producing clusters of staminate flowers, and female plants producing larger clusters of pistillate flowers.

## InfoBox

| *Eriogonum diclinum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Polygonaceae |
| Genus: | *Eriogonum* |
| Species: | ***E. diclinum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eriogonum diclinum***<br>Reveal | |
|


title: Four arts

abstract: The four arts, or the four arts of the Chinese scholar, were the four main academic and artistic talents required of the aristocratic ancient Chinese scholar-gentleman. They were the mastery of the qin, qi, shu and hua, and are also referred to by listing all four: 琴棋書畫; qínqíshūhuà.

text:
# Four arts

The **four arts** (simplified Chinese: 四艺; traditional Chinese: 四藝; pinyin: *Sìyì*), or the **four arts of the Chinese scholar**, were the four main academic and artistic talents required of the aristocratic ancient Chinese scholar-gentleman. They were the mastery of the *qin* (the guqin, a stringed instrument, ), *qi* (the strategy game of Go, ), *shu* (Chinese calligraphy, ) and *hua* (Chinese painting, ), and are also referred to by listing all four: 琴棋書畫; *qínqíshūhuà*.

## Origin of the concept

Although the individual elements of the concept have very long histories as activities befitting a learned person in ancient Chinese history, the earliest written source putting the four together is Zhang Yanyuan's 9th century *Fashu Yaolu* (Compendium of Calligraphy) from the Tang dynasty.

## *Qin* (琴)

The ***qin*** (琴) was defined as the musical instrument of the literati and represented the instrument now commonly known as the guqin, after the Chinese character *qin* has come to refer to other types of stringed instruments.

The *guqin* is a seven-stringed zither that owes its invention to ancient Chinese society some 3,000 years ago. During the Imperial Chinese period, a scholar was expected to play the *guqin*. Guqin was explored as an art-form as well as a science, and scholars strove to both play it well and to create texts on its manipulation. As an example, Gǔqín notation was invented some 1,500 years ago, and to this day it has not been drastically changed, while modern books may contain musical pieces written and mastered more than 500 years ago. Guqin is so influential that it even made its way into space: a recording of a guqin piece named "Flowing Water" was included along with other representative music styles of the Earth's peoples on the Voyager Golden Record attached to the spacecraft Voyager launched by the United States in 1977. The fact that the guqin's name breaks down to *gu* (old) and *qin* (musical instrument) reveals the instrument's great antiquity.

## *Qi* (棋)

The ***qi*** (棋) was defined as the board game now called weiqi (圍棋) in Chinese (*Go* in Japan and the West), literally meaning "surrounding game". Current definitions of *qi* cover a wide range of board games, and given that in classical Chinese qí could also refer to other games, some argue that the qí in the four arts could refer to xiangqi. However, xiangqi is often considered a popular "game of the people," whereas weiqi was a game with aristocratic connotations.

Many theories exist regarding the origin of weiqi in Chinese history. One of these holds that it was an ancient fortune-telling device used by Chinese cosmologists to simulate the universe's relationship to an individual. Another suggests that the legendary Emperor Yao invented it to enlighten his son. Certainly, the game of weiqi had begun to take hold around the 6th century BCE when Confucius mentioned wéiqí in his Analects 17:22.

Weiqi is a game in which two players take turns placing black and white stones on a board consisting of a grid of 19x19 lines. Stones are placed on the intersections of the grid. Once placed on the board, stones may not be moved, but stones may be removed if a stone or group of stones is surrounded on four sides by stones of the opposing color occupying all orthogonally-adjacent points. The two players place stones alternately until they reach a point at which neither player wishes to make another move; the game has no set ending conditions beyond this. At the conclusion of the game, it is scored by counting the territory encircled by each side (empty space along with captured stones) and the number of stones remaining on the board to determine the winner. Games may also be won by resignation.

Ancient weiqi texts are prized among modern Chinese weiqi professionals, as seen below in the translation of an ancient strategy book:

> The most celebrated (though not the oldest) go manual is the Chinese *Xuanxuan Qijing*. It was published in 1349 by Yan Defu and Yan Tianzhang. The former was a strong go player and the latter (no relation) a collector of old go books. They made a perfect team. The title of the book is literally *The Classic of the Mystery of the Mysterious*, but it is an allusion to Chapter 1 of Lao Tzu's *Tao Te Ching* where the reference goes on to say that the mystery of the mysterious is 'the gateway to all marvels'. I prefer that as a title, especially as it is made clear in the preface that this latter phrase is meant to be called to mind, and is meant to imply that the book offers the way to mastering marvels in the form of go tesujis.
>
> Defu & Tianzhang & Fairbairn, 1

## *Shu* (書)

**Shu** (書) refers to Chinese calligraphy, which dates to the origins of recorded Chinese history, in essence ever since written characters have existed. Chinese calligraphy is said to be an expression of a practitioner's poetic nature, as well as a significant test of manual dexterity. Chinese calligraphy has evolved for thousands of years, and its state of flux stopped only when Chinese characters were unified across the empire. Chinese calligraphy differs from western calligraphic script in the sense that it was done with a brush instead of metal implements or a quill. Calligraphy was the art by which a scholar could compose his thoughts to be immortalized. It was the scholar's means of creating expressive poetry and sharing his or her own learnedness.

Calligraphic process is also structured in the same way as weiqi. A minimalist set of rules conveys a system of incredible complexity and grandeur. Every character from the Chinese scripts is built into a uniform shape by means of assigning it a geometric area in which the character must occur. Only three basic forms are used in the creation of the character, those being square, triangle and circle. Each character has a set number of brushstrokes, none must be added or taken away from the character to enhance it visually, lest the meaning be lost. Finally, strict regularity is not required, meaning the strokes may be accentuated for dramatic effect or individual style. Calligraphy was the means by which scholars could mark their thoughts and teachings for immortality, and as such, represent some of the more precious treasures that can be found from ancient China.

> The most valued of all art treasures in China have been examples of the writing of certain aristocrats from the fourth century CE, including casual notes exchanged between them. The process whereby this came about is a lengthy one. It had to do with religious developments in the third-seventh centuries. It was also connected intimately to the role of writing in upper class life, to notions of personality, and the visible expression of personality.\[...\] The notion of writing as an art form however probably does not appear until the early centuries of the common era. It is linked to the emergence of the idea of the artist as an individual whose personal qualities allow command of the technical resources to produce work of a higher quality and greater value \[...\] than that of the common run of writers.
>
> Clunas, 135

## *Hua* (畫)

**Hua** 畫 refers to Chinese painting. Brush painting is the final art form that a scholar was expected to learn, and was arguably the greatest measure of individual creativity. Through painting a Chinese noble would demonstrate his mastery over the art of line. Often Chinese paintings would be produced on a sheet of plain white rice-paper or silk using nothing but black ink and a single brush. These paintings were made to demonstrate the power of a single line, and in them was reflected a skill that valued intentional and calculated strokes over instinctual erratic creation. In a Chinese painting was reflected the artist's ability to evaluate his own imagination and record it clearly and concisely. Chinese painting can be traced back even further than calligraphy. Some examples date back to the decorative paintings that were emblazoned on Neolithic pottery. To add tonal quality to paintings the artists would often paint portions of the subject then wash the cloth before continuing. This made for beautiful landscapes and depictions of ritual. Painting was the art by which a scholar could separate him or herself from the others and take a name.

> The growing complexity of society at the end of the sixteenth century was reflected in an enriched cultural life in which heterogeneous tastes supported a wide variety of artists and craftsmen: the presence of foreigners at court and increasing affluence, which made the merchants independent of the court and of the official class, were only two of the many factors which nurtured artistic diversity. Individuality also began to be considered an important quality in the painter; indeed, a small group of artists were even known as the "individualists".
>
> Tregear, 168

### Citations

### Sources

* Defu & Tianzhang & Fairbairn, Yan & Yan & Fairbairn. *Xuan Xuan Qijing* (*The Classic of the Mystery of the Mysterious*). Translated from original Chinese to GoGoD CD Database, 1349 and 2005.
* Clunas, Craig. *Art In China*. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
* Tregear, Mary. *Chinese Art*. New York and Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1980.


title: Atractus chthonius

abstract: Atractus chthonius is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species can be found Colombia.

text:
# Atractus chthonius

***Atractus chthonius*** is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species can be found Colombia.

## InfoBox

| *Atractus chthonius* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Colubridae |
| Genus: | *Atractus* |
| Species: | ***A. chthonius*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Atractus chthonius***
Passos & J.D. Lynch, 2010 | |
|


title: Basselinia iterata

abstract: Basselinia iterata is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is found only in New Caledonia.

text:
# Basselinia iterata

***Basselinia iterata*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is found only in New Caledonia.

## InfoBox

| *Basselinia iterata* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Arecales |
| Family: | Arecaceae |
| Genus: | *Basselinia* |
| Species: | ***B. iterata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Basselinia iterata***
H.E.Moore | |
|