title: Eucalyptus exserta

abstract: Eucalyptus exserta, commonly known as Queensland peppermint, peppermint, bendo, yellow messmate or messmate, is a species of tree or a mallee and is endemic to eastern Australia. It has hard, fibrous bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and hemispherical or cup-shaped fruit.

text:
# Eucalyptus exserta

***Eucalyptus exserta***, commonly known as **Queensland peppermint**, **peppermint**, **bendo**, **yellow messmate** or **messmate**, is a species of tree or a mallee and is endemic to eastern Australia. It has hard, fibrous bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and hemispherical or cup-shaped fruit.

## Description

*Eucalyptus exserta* can grow as a mallee to a height of 5 metres (16 ft) or as a tree to 20 metres (66 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has hard, rough, fissured, fibrous grey bark, usually from the base to the small branches. The slightly glossy to dull usually green adult leaves are arranged alternately, narrow lance-shaped to lance-shaped, 65–180 mm (2.6–7.1 in) long and 7–27 mm (0.28–1.06 in) wide on a petiole 8–20 mm (0.31–0.79 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven on an unbranched peduncle 6–20 mm (0.24–0.79 in) long, the individual buds on pedicels 2–7 mm (0.079–0.276 in) long. Mature buds are oval, 7–11 mm (0.28–0.43 in) long and 4–7 mm (0.16–0.28 in) wide with a conical operculum. Flowering has been recorded in January, May and December and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, hemispherical or cup-shaped capsule 2–7 mm (0.079–0.276 in) long and 4–8 mm (0.16–0.31 in) wide with a raised disc and exserted valves.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Eucalyptus exserta* was first formally described in 1859 by the Victorian state botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in the *Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Botany*. The species name is from the Latin word *exsertus* meaning *exserted*, referring to the valves of the fruit.

## Distribution and habitat

The species is found on stony rises and hills throughout much of central, southern and eastern Queensland, from around Charleville area east to the coast and then extending north to Mareeba. It is also found in a small area of northern New South Wales in the Bebo State Forest. *E. exserta* grows in infertile sandy soils as part of dry sclerophyll woodland communities.

## Ecology

It is a host tree for the mistletoe species *Amyema miquelii*, *Dendrophthoe glabrescens* and *Dendrophthoe homoplastica*.

The leaves of the tree are a food source for koalas.

## Cultivation and uses

*E. exserta* is a profuse flowerer and is of some importance as food for honeybees. It can be grown as a shade or windbreak tree on farms in areas where it is native, growing best on soils with good drainage. *E. exserta* plantations were established in Guangdong Province in China to halt soil erosion in the early 1960s.

## InfoBox

| Queensland peppermint | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Eucalyptus exserta* growing near Gogango, Queensland | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Eucalyptus* |
| Species: | ***E. exserta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eucalyptus exserta***<br>F.Muell. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eucalyptus exserta* F.Muell. var. *exserta* * *Eucalyptus exserta* var. *parvula* Blakely * *Eucalyptus insulana* F.M.Bailey * *Eucalyptus teretecornis* var. *insulana* Grimwade | |


title: Eunice Bélidor

abstract: Eunice Bélidor is a Canadian curator of contemporary art, writer and researcher.

text:
# Eunice Bélidor

**Eunice Bélidor** (born 1987) is a Canadian curator of contemporary art, writer and researcher.

## Early life and education

Born in Montreal to Haitian immigrant parents, Bélidor completed a BA degree in art history at Concordia University. She later received an M.A in Art History & Visual Culture from York University.

## Career

Bélidor was the emerging curator and programming coordinator at Articule Gallery, Montreal, from 2014 to 2019. Following this, she held the position of director of the FOFA gallery at Concordia University. In 2021 she was appointed the curator of Quebec and Canadian Contemporary Art at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. Bélidor was the first black curator in the museum's history. She resigned from the museum in January 2023 and has since spoken about the difficulties of being the museum's first black curator and being a "Black Lives Matter hire".

In 2018 she received the TD Bank Group award for emerging curator.

## InfoBox

| Eunice Bélidor | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1987 (1987)<br>Montreal |
| Education | BA degree in art history at Concordia University; M.A in Art History & Visual Culture from York University |
| Known for | curator |
| Website | https://www.eunicebee.net/ |


title: 1974 Paris–Nice

abstract: The 1974 Paris–Nice was the 32nd edition of the Paris–Nice cycle race and was held from 9 March to 16 March 1974. The race started in Paris and finished in Nice. The race was won by Joop Zoetemelk of the Gan team.

text:
# 1974 Paris–Nice

The **1974 Paris–Nice** was the 32nd edition of the Paris–Nice cycle race and was held from 9 March to 16 March 1974. The race started in Paris and finished in Nice. The race was won by Joop Zoetemelk of the Gan team.

## General classification

| **Final general classification**  Rank Rider Team Time  1  Joop Zoetemelk (NED) Gan–Mercier–Hutchinson 33h 16' 55"  2  Alain Santy (FRA) Gan–Mercier–Hutchinson \+ 29"  3  Eddy Merckx (BEL) Molteni \+ 1' 01"  4  Bernard Thévenet (FRA) Peugeot–BP–Michelin \+ 1' 26"  5  Raymond Poulidor (FRA) Gan–Mercier–Hutchinson \+ 1' 33"  6  Mariano Martinez (FRA) Sonolor–Gitane \+ 2' 11"  7  Hennie Kuiper (NED) Rokado \+ 2' 25"  8  Leif Mortensen (DEN) Bic \+ 3' 08"  9  Miguel María Lasa (ESP) Kas–Kaskol \+ 3' 29"  10  Rik Van Linden (BEL) IJsboerke–Colner \+ 3' 34" |
| --- |

## Further reading

## InfoBox

1974 Paris–Nice
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 9–16 March 1974 |
| Stages | 7 + Prologue |
| Distance | 1,236.5 km (768.3 mi) |
| Winning time | 33h 16' 55" |
| Results | |
| Winner  Joop Zoetemelk (NED)  (Gan–Mercier–Hutchinson)  Second  Alain Santy (FRA)  (Gan–Mercier–Hutchinson)  Third  Eddy Merckx (BEL)  (Molteni)   ---  Points  Rik Van Linden (BEL)  (IJsboerke–Colner) | |
|


title: Endrid Bookling

abstract: Endrid Bookling was a Norwegian courtier, captain, and steward loyal to Skule Bårdsson. In 1217 he was one of the messengers sent to represent the Baglers in their peace negotiations after the death of their leader Philip Simonsson. Later he paid homage to King Haakon along with fellow Bagler captains such as Arnbjorn Johnson, Simon Kine, and Gudolf of Blakkasteads. He was appointed as joint-steward of Gudbrandsdalen in 1218 AD. From 1222 to 1223 he was present at a meeting of noblemen and clergy in Bergen. He was one of many from the uplands who advised Skule to press his claim to the throne.

text:
# Endrid Bookling

**Endrid Bookling** (c.1180 – ~1270) was a Norwegian courtier, captain, and steward loyal to Skule Bårdsson. In 1217 he was one of the messengers sent to represent the Baglers in their peace negotiations after the death of their leader Philip Simonsson. Later he paid homage to King Haakon along with fellow Bagler captains such as Arnbjorn Johnson, Simon Kine, and Gudolf of Blakkasteads. He was appointed as joint-steward of Gudbrandsdalen in 1218 AD. From 1222 to 1223 he was present at a meeting of noblemen and clergy in Bergen. He was one of many from the uplands who advised Skule to press his claim to the throne.


title: Experiment Farm Cottage

abstract: Experiment Farm Cottage is a heritage-listed former farm and residence and now house museum at 9 Ruse Street, Harris Park, City of Parramatta, Sydney, Australia. It is one of Australia's oldest standing residences, being built in c. 1834. It is located at the site of Experiment Farm, Australia's first European farmstead, which was itself created by Australia's first land grant. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

text:
# Experiment Farm Cottage

**Experiment Farm Cottage** is a heritage-listed former farm and residence and now house museum at 9 Ruse Street, Harris Park, City of Parramatta, Sydney, Australia. It is one of Australia's oldest standing residences, being built in c.1834. It is located at the site of Experiment Farm, Australia's first European farmstead, which was itself created by Australia's first land grant. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

## History

In 1789, James Ruse was chosen by Governor Arthur Phillip to run an experiment to see how long it would take a man to support himself. Ruse was granted 0.61 hectares (1.5 acres) of cleared land, as well as assistance for clearing an additional 2.0 hectares (5 acres). He was also provided with two sows and six hens. He was fed and clothed from the public store for 15 months, after which time he had become successfully self-sufficient and was granted an additional 12 hectares (30 acres).

In October 1793, Ruse sold his farm to surgeon John Harris, builder of the substantial colonial cottage which exists today. Harris already owned the adjacent property. At the time Harris had many varied roles in the colony, including Magistrate, Deputy Judge Advocate, Superintendent of Police and Naval Officer. He went on to become one of the wealthiest pastoralists in the colony, owning extensive properties in New South Wales.

Harris, born in County Londonderry, Ireland, spent at least ten years in the Navy as a surgeon's mate, and sailed in New South Wales in his own 21 foot wherry. He was a soldier when serving as an officer in the New South Wales Corps. In the roles of judge advocate and magistrate he functioned as a lawyer. As a public servant in the early 1800s and again in the mid-1820s he was head policeman: as a naval port officer he was a tax man and a government spy. As a builder occasionally contracted by government he constructed the road to South Head in 1803 and public buildings including a toll house in Parramatta in 1829. Displaying the skills of an architect and design engineer he oversaw construction of the 59 ton government schooner, "Integrity", the Sydney Court House and his own substantial dwellings at Parramatta, Ultimo and South Creek. He was a farmer and a grazier; an explorer who participated in several expeditions including that of Colonel William Paterson to the Hunter in 1803 and Surveyor John Oxley's 1818 expedition to the interior; a mercantile agent; and a banker, being one of the founding directors of the Bank of New South Wales \- the colony's first bank. A busy many, he played many of these roles while serving as a surgeon to the New South Wales Corps. While never a pauper, when he served as a surgeon's third mate in the Royal Navy in India during the 1770s and 1780s he was not affluent. Yet, by the early 1800s he was a rich man. In 1804 he constructed the first two storeyed verandahed house in the colony (Ultimo House) and had imported deer from India as hunt quarry. In 1814 he gave architect Francis Greenway his first private commission.

The cottage is in the form of the Indian Bungalow, a verandahed form Harris saw in Bengal, India from his arrival in 1782, that was used to house English officers on service there. The cottage's form originated in Bengal, which was the first region the British moved from coastal forts to occupy the interior. Such Anglo-Indian dwellings were primarily used as residence or a place for both living and working, with an office incorporated into the plan. Their builders used traditional Indian strategies to respond to climatic conditions, maximising ventilation and shade and protection from heavy rain while meeting European expectations of form and comfort. It emerged as a "culturally distinctive house form", the typical "up-country" dwelling for British officials. This form had its attractions for Harris in New South Wales when he not only attended outpatients but occasionally accommodated the very ill at his home. The hot summers and cool winters of Sydney had more in common with Bengal than Moneymore. The tightly closed houses of Ireland, designated to minimise draughts, were not appropriate in India or New South Wales. The bungalow as adopted by the British was characterised by a pitched thatched roof, a verandah and a raised base platform. It was a free-standing single storey structure. The verandah was sometimes adapted by the British to encircle the house with parts semi-enclosed for privacy and shade. With the possible exception of the thatching, these essential qualities are also characteristics of Experiment Farm Cottage, constructed in the mid-1790s at Parramatta by Harris. Dr Wilson's bungalow house at Moidapur bears striking similarities with Harris' Experiment Farm Cottage. Both have a verandah integrated into the roof, both are built on a platform, both have shutters, and both have part of the verandah partially enclosed. Both men were in Bengal in the early 1780s.

The property stayed in the Harris family until 1921, when the land was subdivided and the suburb of Harris Park was created.

The site was acquired by the National Trust of Australia (NSW) in 1961, after the establishment of the Women's Committee including women such as Dame Helen Blaxland and Rachel Roxburgh, which raised the necessary funds of 4,500 pounds. This committee was established to raise funds, source furnishings and promote Trust membership. Experiment Farm Cottage was the first property the National Trust (NSW) acquired and the Trust restored and furnished the cottage with colonial pieces and opened it to the public. Ms Roxburgh wrote the first guide books for the property for the Trust.

In 1960 Cherry Jackaman joined Dame Helen Blaxland on the Women's Committee of the National Trust (NSW). Jackaman chaired this committee from 1964–67 and by 1968 had raised more than $100,000, which was directed to repairs work at Experiment Farm Cottage, Lindesay and the St. Matthews Anglican Church at Windsor Appeal.

In 1963 the cottage was opened by the National Trust (NSW) as Australia's first house museum with a focus on Australian colonial furniture.

In 1967 the National Trust reconstituted the Lindesay Garden Group as the National Trust Garden Committee, with Diana Pockley as chair. This Committee's work was broader, including work on replanting the grounds of Experiment Farm Cottage, Parramatta, Old Government House, Parramatta and Riversdale, Goulburn.

A Parramatta Properties Committee was established to advise and guide works, dating (at least) from 1968, and chaired from 1971-2 by Dame Helen Blaxland. This committee was disbanded in 1984.

Since acquisition, Federal and State Government funds have been made available to also purchase adjoining blocks of land/ houses and demolish these, helping to create a more credible landscape setting for what was John Harris' simple farm cottage complex. Centenary of Federation funds from the Federal Government allowed implementation of a reinstated simple farm garden based on evidence of early - mid 19th century garden plantings around the cottage, including appropriate farm fencing, reinstated plantings such as giant Danubian reed (*Arundo donax*) on the north-east corner of the cottage, and a bunya pine (*Araucaria bidwillii*) to its north.

These same funds allowed the closure of Ruse Street to the west of the cottage, reinstatement of a narrowed carriage drive in front (north) of the cottage, and a new reduced width public road access east of the cottage connecting to Ruse Street (east), based on the location and form of a known earlier farm track.

In preparation for the 50th anniversary of the opening of the cottage as a house museum by the Trust, the cottage has undergone a much-needed restoration program of works, funded by the Dame Helen Blaxland Foundation and NSW State Heritage Grants. It was reopened to the public in July 2013, with a celebration of the 50th anniversary of its first public opening, with NSW Governor and National Trust Patron Marie Bashir re-enacting the 1963 event. Visitation increased from 3581 in 2012/13 to 4557 in 2013/14. The caretaker's cottage was refurbished in 2014 making it suitable for rental accommodation, and work on the rear garden was carried out under the supervision of Colleen Morris, enhancing its appeal for events.

## Description

Experiment Farm Cottage is an Old Colonial Georgian house with symmetrical front and low pitched hipped roof continuous over verandah of vertically seamed iron. The entrance consists of a six-panelled door flanked by sidelights and with an elliptical fanlight above.

It sits in a small domestic garden with some mature trees, including jacaranda, (*Jacaranda mimosaefolia*), lemon scented gum (*Corymbia citriodora*), fruit trees and cottage plants. Since 2001 a more appropriate 19th century pleasure garden to the north has been reconstructed, based on early photographs and records, and comprising 2 large oval beds with mixed tree and shrub planting, a series of "framing" trees including a hoop pine (*Araucaria cunninghamiana*) and others.

Ruse Street's eastern end is closed off from the west and now accessed by a new diversion local street, on the alignment of a known former farm track, immediately to the east of Experiment Farm Cottage. This road is finished as though it were a gravel farm track, and farm-style post and rail fencing abuts it, and Alice Street to the south.

The remaining setting of Experiment Farm Cottage is of an early 1900s residential subdivision, of mostly single-storey California bungalow cottages, with some later infill of blocks of flats, dating from the 1960s, and some 1980s & 1990s single houses, some two storey. This is the last subdivision of the Harris Farm estate, and its boundary represents (roughly) the 12 hectares (30 acres) of land originally granted to James Ruse in 1788.

Experiment Farm Cottage is fully professionally conserved.

### Modifications and dates

* 1788-93: James Ruse farms first land grant in Australia, experimental farm of 12 hectares (30 acres)
* 1793: Surgeon John Harris buys, incorporates into "Harris Farm", cultivates, and clears land
* c. 1834 Cottage constructed, in front of earlier cottage of 1809
* 1850s: railway extended to Parramatta to west of estate, start of subdivisions
* 1920s: subdivision of Harris estate in stages to form modern suburb of Harris Park, Ruse Street formed north of EFC, Alice Street to south. Cottage's address to north blocked by cottages on northern side of Ruse Street
* 1950s: Parramatta City Council acquire Hambledon Cottage to east of reserve/site and convert to house museum (Parramatta & District Historical Society run it)
* 1961: National Trust (NSW) acquire Cottage block for house museum after establishment of the Women's Committee including women such as Dame Helen Blaxland and Rachel Roxburgh, which raised the necessary funds of 4,500. This was the first property the National Trust (NSW) acquired, and the Trust has since restored and furnished the cottage with colonial pieces and opened it to the public
* 1967: the National Trust reconstituted the Lindesay Garden Group as the National Trust Garden Committee, with Diana Pockley as chair. This Committee's work was broader, including work on replanting the grounds of Experiment Farm Cottage, Parramatta, Old Government House, Parramatta and Riversdale, Goulburn
* 1970-80s: Federal Government acquire a number of house lots adjoining EFC and demolished to improve the setting of EFC, ownership of lots transferred to Parramatta City Council as James Ruse Reserve. Acquisition/conversion links Hambledon & EFC. Federal and State Government funds have been made available to also purchase adjoining blocks of land/ houses and demolish these, helping to create a more credible rural landscape setting for what was John Harris' simple farm cottage complex. A Parramatta Properties Committee was established to advise and guide works, dating (at least) from 1968, and chaired from 1971-2 by Dame Helen Blaxland. This committee was disbanded in 1984
* 2001/2: Centenary of Federation funds from the Federal Government allowed implementation of a reinstated simple farm garden based on evidence of early - mid 19th century garden plantings around the cottage, including appropriate farm fencing, reinstated plantings such as giant Danubian reed (Arundo donax) on the north-east corner of the cottage, and a bunya pine (Araucaria bidwillii) to its north. During the 1970s & 1980s a number of residential allotments adjoining Experiment Farm Cottage were resumed by the Federal Government with the aim of improving the setting of the Cottage. The houses on these allotments were demolished and the ownership of the newly created open space area was transferred to Parramatta City Council, to become part of the James Ruse Reserve. The boundary of the reserve was extended up to Experiment Farm Cottage. Through the creation of the reserves around the cottage, continuous park area now extends from Hambledon Cottage and Hassall Street (in the north-east and north) south to Experiment Farm Cottage and Alice Street in the south
* 2000-01: NSW National Trust undertook a landscape reconstruction of some of the immediate 19th century pleasure garden and carriage drive north of Experiment Farm Cottage. These works focussed on the lands around Ruse Street and south toward Alice Street. Ruse Street's eastern end was closed off and access redirected immediately to the east of Experiment Farm Cottage, along the alignment of a known former farm track. The new road was built to resemble a farm track, in finish, and fencing of a rural nature was installed on both sides of the new road. A carriage drive on the alignment of the original 19th century carriage drive replaced the former Ruse Street in front (north) of Experiment Farm Cottage. The remainder of the street surface and furniture (power poles, kerbs etc.) were removed or put underground and a pleasure garden based on early photographs and records was reconstructed. No. 14 Ruse Street was acquired by the Trust and demolished (1920s California bungalow), and its grounds incorporated into the reconstructed landscape of Experiment Farm Cottage, widening its views north and the public views south up the hill from Hassall Street/James Ruse Reserve
* 2000-1: Parramatta City Council installed a new pedestrian footbridge over Clay Cliff Creek north of Experiment Farm Cottage to provide easy access as part of the Harris Park Heritage Walk, a series of works to install a pedestrian path, landscaping and interpretive signage along a series of heritage items including Hambledon Cottage and Experiment Farm Cottage
* 2013: The 2013 restorations helped stabilise emerging problems including underpinning the north-east corner, internal plastering and painting, new electrical circuitry and power upgrade and re-rendering the cellar. A new fire alarm system and upgraded security alarm system including video surveillance have been installed. The house's presentation front and back have been improved with front and back verandahs lifted, levelled and re-grouted, the exterior painted, the rear garden landscaped, several important collection items repaired and restored. The caretaker's cottage has also been fully refurbished and refitted for the first time since 1962, the volunteer office and kitchen given a new fitout

## Heritage listing

Experiment Farm Cottage and the site of Experiment Farm is of exceptional cultural significance to Australia, NSW and Parramatta because:

* it forms part of the first European land grant in Australia;
* it is associated with the early agricultural pursuits, including Governor Phillip's "experiment" to determine the period required in which a settler could become self-supporting. The initial success of Experiment Farm encouraged Phillip to open the Parramatta area to free settlement;
* the location demonstrates the importance of the Parramatta area in the agricultural development and early survival of the European colony;
* Following its purchase by Surgeon John Harris, it became part of "Harris' Farm", one of several large properties established by the "Parramatta Gentry" from the late 18th- mid 19th century, including those owned by the Macarthurs, Marsdens, Kings, Wentworths and Blaxlands. The current Experiment Farm Cottage formed part of "Harris' Farm";
* It contains evidence of the various phases of the site from the late 18th century to the present, including:
* the topographical features associated with Ruse's Experiment Farm;
* the establishment of Harris' Farm and the construction of Experiment Farm Cottage;
* patterns of subdivision and the emergence of the present suburban setting;
* Experiment Farm Cottage is a finely detailed colonial bungalow dating to c.1834. Its sophisticated design is demonstrated through the architectural treatment of the front facade, including French doors, delicate columns and main entrance, and the internal treatment of room configuration and its methods of integrating the verandah into the main area of the house;
* of its visual prominence in the surrounding landscape. The position of Experiment Farm Cottage demonstrates important relationships with the landscape. Situated on a once prominent rise, the current house addresses the north towards Parramatta River and Clay Cliff Creek;
* of its surviving fabric (both extant and archaeological), and the vast body of records documenting its historical development. In particular, resources from the 19th century provide information on the development and layout of Harris' Farm, including Experiment Farm Cottage and associated farm features such as former fence lines, carriage drive, farm roads, plantings, stables, outbuildings and pattern of subdivision;
* of its documented association with individuals who have helped shape its form and use, including Governor Phillip, James Ruse, Surgeon John Harris and his descendants, Pieter Laurentz Campbell and the Fraser family;
* it is a place highly valued by the community. Efforts by the community since the 1920s have assisted in its conservation, culminating in the acquisition of the property by the NSW National Trust in 1961. Local residents have expressed great interest in the ongoing conservation of the property and recognise its heritage significance as contributing towards the identity of Harris Park.

Experiment Farm cottage has a strong association with the earliest free settlement of land in Australia and with the first grant to a freed convict, James Ruse. It also has a strong association with John Harris. The house is a rare example of an early farmhouse in very intact condition. Site possesses archaeological potential to contribute to an understanding of early development in Parramatta.

Experiment Farm Cottage was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.

* **The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.**

Experiment Farm cottage was built and occupied by John Harris (1754-1838), surgeon of the colony and pioneer farmer. It was the site of the first successful agriculture in Australia, commenced by the first owner of the property James Ruse (1760-1837) and continued and developed by Harris and, on the adjacent property, John and Elizabeth Macarthur. It demonstrates the lifestyle of the early propertied colonial gentry, those in positions of power and influence in post-1788 Australian society. * **The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.**

Experiment Farm cottage is an archetypal Australian colonial house and helped pioneer the use of the verandah which became a major identifying feature of Australian architecture. The cottage is an elegant example of colonial Georgian rural architecture and demonstrates with substantial intactness the layout and functions of such buildings. * **The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.**

Experiment Farm cottage is widely held in high regard (both locally and nationally) as a strong link with Australia's early colonial past, this regard being demonstrated also in past attempts to recover some of the original setting of the house. * **The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.**

The cottage and its site have the potential to yield worthwhile historical and archaeological information. * **The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.**

Experiment Farm cottage demonstrates with rare quality early colonial processes, customs and activities. The cottage is likely to be one of the oldest extant structures in Australia. * **The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.**

Experiment Farm cottage is an outstanding characteristic example of an early colonial farmhouse built and occupied by the propertied gentry.

### Bibliography

* Prescott, A (1995). *Branch Manager's report to the Heritage Council*.
* Australian Council of National Trusts (ACNT) (1988). *'Our Rural Beginnings', in The Historic Houses of Australia*.
* Brian McDonald & Associates (2003). *Heritage Report on Elizabeth Farm Curtilage: Harris Park Precinct, Parramatta*.
* Britton, Geoffrey & Morris, Colleen (2001). *Experiment Farm Cottage Conservation Management Plan (draft)*.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* Sheedy, David (1986). *Conservation Plan*.
* Heritage NSW (2013). *Experiment Farm Cottage*.
* Hoffman, David (2013). *'A new lease of life for Experiment Farm Cottage'*.
* Le Seuer, Angela (2015). *'National Trust celebrates its 70th anniversary'*.
* McGuiness, Mark (2011). *Love & Duty shaped long life - Cherry Jackaman, 1910-2011 (obituary)*.
* National Trust of Australia (NSW) (2007). "Experiment Farm - National Trust Visitor Information". Archived from the original on 30 April 2008. Retrieved 21 December 2007.
* Rosen, Sue (2007). *Australia's Oldest House - Surgeon John Harris & Experiment Farm Cottage*.
* Silink, Richard & Hayes, Gerry (2014). *'Experiment Farm Cottage, Harris Park'*.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* Simpson, Caroline (2003). *Some Women of the National Trust, in "National Trust Reflections"*.
* Tourism NSW (2007). "Experiment Farm Cottage".
* Walker, Meredith (1993). *City of Parramatta Heritage Study*.
* Morris, C., & Britton, G./NSW National Trust (for the Heritage Council of NSW) (2000). *Colonial Landscapes of the Cumberland Plain and Camden, NSW*.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

### Attribution

This Wikipedia article was originally based on Experiment Farm Cottage, entry number 00768 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under CC-BY 4.0 licence, accessed on 2 June 2018.

## InfoBox

| Experiment Farm Cottage | |
| --- | --- |
| Experiment Farm Cottage | |
| Location | 9 Ruse Street, Harris Park, Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia |
| Coordinates | 33°49′12″S 151°00′45″E / 33.8201°S 151.0126°E / -33.8201; 151.0126 |
| Built | Mid-1790s-c.1834 |
| Built for | John Harris and family |
| Architectural style(s) | Old Colonial Georgian |
| Owner | National Trust of Australia (NSW) |
|  | |
| New South Wales Heritage Register | |
| Official name | Experiment Farm Cottage |
| Type | State heritage (complex / group) |
| Designated | 2 April 1999 |
| Reference no. | 768 |
| Type | Homestead Complex |
| Category | Farming and Grazing |
| Builders | John Harris |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Experiment Farm Cottage in Sydney | |


abstract: The 1946 Badger State Conference football season was the season of college football played by the member schools of the Badger State Conference (BSC) as part of the 1946 college football season. Northwestern College of Watertown, Wisconsin, led by head coach Leonard J. Umnus, compiled a 3–2–1 record and won the BSC championship.

text:
# 1946 Badger State Conference football season

1946 Badger State Conference football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| Northwestern (WI) $ | 2 |  | 0 |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  | 2 |  | 1 |
| Wisconsin Tech | 2 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 2 |  | 1 |  | 0 |
| Mission House | 2 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  | 3 |  | 0 |
| Milton | 1 |  | 2 |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  | 4 |  | 1 |
| Wisconsin–Extension | 1 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 1 |  | 4 |  | 1 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * $  Conference champion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1946 Badger State Conference football season** was the season of college football played by the member schools of the Badger State Conference (BSC) as part of the 1946 college football season. Northwestern College of Watertown, Wisconsin, led by head coach Leonard J. Umnus, compiled a 3–2–1 record and won the BSC championship.

## Conference overview

| Conf. Rank | Team | Head coach | Conf. record | Overall record | Points scored | Points against |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Northwestern College | Leonard J. Umnus | 2–0–1 | 3–2–1 | 57 | 44 |
| 2 | Wisconsin Tech | George R. Dobson | 2–1 | 2–1 | 33 | 13 |
| 3 | Mission House | Marinus Kregel | 2–2 | 3–3 | 58 | 44 |
| 4 | Milton | Elmer R. Fenton | 1–2–1 | 1–4–1 | 28 | 65 |
| 5 | University of Wisconsin–Extension | Traskell | 1–3 | 1–4–1 | 36 | 72 |

## Teams

### Northwestern College

The **1946 Northwestern College football team** represented Northwestern College in the Badger State Conference (BSC) during the 1946 college football season. Led by head coach Leonard J. Umnus, Northwestern compiled a 3–2–1 record (2–0–1 against BSC opponents), won the BSC championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 57 to 44.

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| October 5 | Mission House |  | W 13–0 |  |
| October 12 | at Beloit* | Beloit, WI | L 0–12 |  |
| October 26 | Wisconsin Extension |  | W 20–12 |  |
| November 1 | Milton | Watertown, WI | T 0–0 |  |
|  | Aurora* |  | L 12–20 |  |
| November 9 | Concordia (IL)* | Watertown, WI | W 12–0 |  |
| * \*Non-conference game * Homecoming | | | | | | |

### Wisconsin Tech

The **1946 Wisconsin Tech football team** represented the Wisconsin Institute of Technology in the Badger State Conference (BSC) during the 1946 college football season. Led by head coach George R. Dobson, Wisconsin Tech compiled a 2–1 record, finished second in the BSC, and outscored opponents by a total of 33 to 13.

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| October 5 | Milton |  | W 26–7 |  |
| October 19 | Mission House |  | L 0–6 |  |
| November 2 | Wisconsin Extension |  | W 7–0 |  |

### Mission House

The **1946 Mission House Muskies football team** represented Mission House College in the Badger State Conference (BSC) during the 1946 college football season. Led by head coach Marinus Kregel, Mission House compiled a 3–3 record, finished third in the BSC, and outscored opponents by a total of 58 to 44.

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| October 5 | Northwestern College |  | L 0–13 |  |
| October 12 | Wisconsin Extension | Plymouth, WI | L 0–6 |  |
| October 18 | Wisconsin Tech | Plymouth, WI | W 6–0 |  |
| October 24 | vs. Milton |  | W 13–7 |  |
|  | Aurora* |  | L 7–12 |  |
|  | Wisconsin Extension |  | W 32–6 |  |
| * \*Non-conference game | | | | | | |

### Milton

The **1946 Milton Wildcats football team** represented Milton College in the Badger State Conference (BSC) during the 1946 college football season. Led by head coach Elmer R. Fenton, Milton compiled a 1–4–1 record, finished fourth in the BSC, and was outscored by a total of 65 to 28.

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| October 5 | Wisconsin Tech |  | L 7–26 |  |
| October 12 | at Ferris Institute* | Big Rapids, MI | L 7–13 |  |
| October 19 | Wisconsin Extension (Milwaukee) | Milton, WI | W 7–6 |  |
| October 24 | vs. Mission House | * Memorial Athletic Park * Sheboygan, WI | L 7–13 |  |
| November 1 | at Northwestern (WI) | Watertown, WI | T 0–0 |  |
| November 9 | Aurora* | Milton, WI | L 0–7 |  |
| * \*Non-conference game * Homecoming | | | | | | |

### Wisconsin Extension

The **1946 Wisconsin Extension football team** represented the University of Wisconsin–Extension of Milwaukee in the Badger State Conference (BSC) during the 1946 college football season. Led by head coach Traskell, the team compiled a 1–4–1 record, finished last in the BSC, and was outscored by a total of 72 to 36.

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Ferris Institute* |  | T 6–6 |  |
| October 12 | Mission House | Plymouth, WI | W 6–0 |  |
|  | Milton |  | L 6–7 |  |
|  | Northwestern College |  | L 12–20 |  |
|  | Wisconsin Tech |  | L 0–7 |  |
|  | Mission House |  | L 6–32 |  |
| * \*Non-conference game | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1946 Badger State Conference football season | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | Football |
| Number of teams | 5 |
| Champion | Northwestern College |


title: Bachhwara Assembly constituency

abstract: Bachhwara Assembly constituency is an assembly constituency in Begusarai district in the Indian state of Bihar.

text:
# Bachhwara Assembly constituency

**Bachhwara Assembly constituency** is an assembly constituency in Begusarai district in the Indian state of Bihar.

INC (7 times) (43.75%)  CPI (4 times) (25%)  SSP (2 Times) (12.5%)  Others (3 Times) (18.75%)

## Overview

As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 142 Bachhwara Assembly constituency is composed of the following: Bachhwara, Mansoorchak and Bhagwanpur community development blocks.

Bachhwara Assembly constituency is part of No. 24 Begusarai (Lok Sabha constituency).

## Members of the Legislative Assembly

| Year | Name | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1952 | Mithun Choudhary |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1957 | Vaidyanath Prasad Singh |  | Praja Socialist Party |
| 1962 | Girish Kumar Singh |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1967 | Vaidyanath Prasad Singh |  | Samyukta Socialist Party |
| 1969 | Bhuvneshwar Rai |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1972 | Ramdeo Rai | | |
| 1977 | | | |
| 1980 | |  | Indian National Congress |
| 1985 | Ayodhya Prasad Singh |  | Communist Party of India |
| 1990 | Awadhesh Rai | | |
| 1995 | | | |
| 2000 | Uttam Kumar Yadav |  | Rashtriya Janata Dal |
| 2005 | Ramdeo Rai |  | Independent politician |
| 2005 | |  | Indian National Congress |
| 2010 | Awadhesh Rai |  | Communist Party of India |
| 2015 | Ramdeo Rai |  | Indian National Congress |
| 2020 | Surendra Mehata |  | Bharatiya Janata Party |

## Election results

### 2020

2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election: Bachhwara
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **BJP** | **Surendra Mehata** | **54,738** | **30.21%** |  |
|  | CPI | Awadhesh Kumar Rai | 54,254 | 29.94% |  |
|  | Independent | Shiv Prakash Garib Das | 39,878 | 22.01% |  |
|  | NOTA | None of the above | 945 | 0.52% |  |
| Majority | | | 484 | 0.27 |  |
| Turnout | | | 181192 | 60.87 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 297,646 |  |  |
|  | BJP **gain** from INC | | Swing | 0.27 |  |

### 2015

2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election: Bachhwara constituency
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | INC | Ramdeo Rai | 73,983 | 45.83 |  |
|  | LJP | Arvind Kumar Singh | 37,052 | 22.95 |  |
|  | CPI | Awadhesh Kumar Rai | 28,539 | 17.68 |  |
|  | Independent | Subhash Kumar Ishwar | 7,296 | 4.52 |  |
| Turnout | | | 161,440 | 59.39 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 271,815 |  |  |
|  | INC **gain** from CPI | | Swing | 23% |  |

mansurchak block

25°35′33″N 85°54′11″E / 25.59250°N 85.90306°E / 25.59250; 85.90306

## InfoBox

| Bachhwara Assembly constituency | |
| --- | --- |
| Constituency No. 142 for the Bihar Legislative Assembly | |
|  | |
| Constituency details | |
| Country | India |
| Region | East India |
| State | Bihar |
| District | Begusarai |
| LS constituency | Begusarai Lok Sabha |
| Established | 1951 |
| Total electors | 2,97,646 (2020) |
| Reservation | None |
| Member of Legislative Assembly | |
| 17th Bihar Legislative Assembly | |
| **Incumbent**  **Surendra Mehata** | |
| Party | BJP |
| Alliance | NDA |
| Elected year | 2020 |


title: Battle of El Sauce

abstract: The Battle of El Sauce, or the Battle of Punta de Rieles or Punta Rieles, took place on the 26 December 1932 during the American occupation of Nicaragua of 1926–1933. It was the last major battle of the Sandino Rebellion of 1927–1933. The incident has its origins in Nicaraguan President José María Moncada's plan to commemorate the completion of the León–El Sauce railway on 28 December 1932. Rumors spread that Sandinista rebels planned on crashing the ceremony, so an expedition of eight Marines and 64 Nicaraguan National Guardsmen led by Captain Lewis B. "Chesty" Puller were sent by train towards El Sauce on the 26 December 1932 to secure the area. Meanwhile, a Sandinista force led by Juan Pablo Umanzor was looting a construction company commissary. As the Marines'/National Guard's train passed some ancient ruins, it was fired upon by rebels from both sides of the tracks. Soldiers led by Puller exited the train on the right side, while those following First Lieutenant William A. Lee got out on the left side of the tracks. Lee's men soon took cover in a ditch while Puller's forces "tried to turn Umanzor's left flank." During the firefight, Corporal Bennie M. Bunn grabbed a Browning automatic rifle and began driving the Sandinistas back. After one hour and ten minutes, the battle concluded with victory for the Marines and National Guard. Thirty-one Sandinista corpses were found after the battle, compared to losses of three killed and three wounded for the Guard. Moncada got to participate in the ceremony two days later, as planned. He was so pleased with American performance during the battle that he promoted Puller to major and Lee to captain.

text:
# Battle of El Sauce

The **Battle of El Sauce**, or the **Battle of Punta de Rieles** or **Punta Rieles**, took place on the 26 December 1932 during the American occupation of Nicaragua of 1926–1933. It was the last major battle of the Sandino Rebellion of 1927–1933. The incident has its origins in Nicaraguan President José María Moncada's plan to commemorate the completion of the LeónEl Sauce railway on 28 December 1932.

Rumors spread that Sandinista rebels planned on crashing the ceremony, so an expedition of eight Marines and 64 Nicaraguan National Guardsmen led by Captain Lewis B. "Chesty" Puller were sent by train towards El Sauce on the 26 December 1932 to secure the area. Meanwhile, a Sandinista force led by Juan Pablo Umanzor was looting a construction company commissary. As the Marines'/National Guard's train passed some ancient ruins, it was fired upon by rebels from both sides of the tracks.

Soldiers led by Puller exited the train on the right side, while those following First Lieutenant William A. Lee got out on the left side of the tracks. Lee's men soon took cover in a ditch while Puller's forces "tried to turn Umanzor's left flank." During the firefight, Corporal Bennie M. Bunn grabbed a Browning automatic rifle and began driving the Sandinistas back. After one hour and ten minutes, the battle concluded with victory for the Marines and National Guard. Thirty-one Sandinista corpses were found after the battle (and 63 live horses were captured), compared to losses of three killed and three wounded for the Guard.

Moncada got to participate in the ceremony two days later, as planned. He was so pleased with American performance during the battle that he promoted Puller to major and Lee to captain.

## InfoBox

| Battle of El Sauce | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of United States occupation of Nicaragua, Banana Wars | |
| El SauceBattle of El Sauce (Nicaragua) | |
| Date 26 December 1932  Location near El Sauce, Nicaragua  Result  American-Nicaraguan victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Nicaragua
United States | Sandinistas |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Cap. Lewis Puller
GySgt William A. Lee | Juan Pablo Umanzor |
| Strength | |
| 8 marines
64 national guard | 100-250 guerrillas |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 3 killed
3 wounded | 31+ killed
63 horses captured |


title: Frank D. Currier

abstract: Frank Dunklee Currier was an American politician and a U.S. Representative from New Hampshire.

text:
# Frank D. Currier

**Frank Dunklee Currier** (October 30, 1853  November 25, 1921) was an American politician and a U.S. Representative from New Hampshire.

## Early life

Born in Canaan, New Hampshire, Currier attended the common schools, then Kimball Union Academy in Meriden, New Hampshire, and Doctor Hixon's School in Lowell, Massachusetts.

Currier read law with Mr. Pike of Franklin and was admitted to the bar at Concord in April, 1874, commencing practice in Canaan, New Hampshire.

## Career

Currier served as member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives in 1879 and was secretary of the Republican state committee, 1882-1890. He served as clerk of the New Hampshire Senate in 1883 and 1885 and was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1884. He continued as member of the state senate in 1887, serving as president of that body. He was appointed and served as naval officer of customs at the port of Boston from 1890 to 1894, then returned to New Hampshire to be speaker of the New Hampshire House of Representatives in 1899. He received an honorary Master of Arts degree from Dartmouth in 1901.

Elected as a Republican to the Fifty-seventh and to the five succeeding congresses, Currier served as United States Representative for the second district of New Hampshire (March 4, 1901  March 3, 1913). He served as chairman of the Committee on Patents (Fifty-eighth through Sixty-first congresses). During his tenure, a new copyright law was passed in 1909. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1912 to the Sixty-third Congress and retired from public life.

Appointed by Governor Felker as Justice of the Police Court in 1913, Currier served for two years.

## Death

Currier died in Canaan, New Hampshire, on November 25, 1921. He is interred at Canaan Street Cemetery, Canaan, New Hampshire.

## Family life

Son of Horace S. and Emma (Plastridge), Currier was married to Adelaide H. Sargent on May 31, 1890.

This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

## InfoBox

| Hon.Frank Dunklee Currier | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from New Hampshire's 2nd district | |
| **In office**
March 4, 1901  March 3, 1913 | |
| Preceded by | Frank Gay Clarke |
| Succeeded by | Raymond Bartlett Stevens |
| President of the New Hampshire Senate | |
| **In office**
1887–1887 | |
| Preceded by | Chester Pike |
| Succeeded by | David A. Taggart |
| Member of the New Hampshire Senate | |
| Speaker of the
New Hampshire House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
1899–1901 | |
| Preceded by | James F. Briggs |
| Succeeded by | Cyrus H. Little |
| Member of the
New Hampshire House of Representatives | |
| Member of the
New Hampshire House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
1879–1879 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | October 30, 1853
Canaan, New Hampshire |
| Died | November 25, 1921 (aged 68)
Canaan, New Hampshire |
| Resting place | Canaan Street Cemetery, Canaan, New Hampshire |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Adelaide H. Sargent Currier |
| Profession | Lawyer
Politician |
|  | |


# Australia women's cricket team in Ireland in 1987

The Australian women's cricket team toured Ireland between 28 June to 2 July 1987 to contest a three match WODI series. In this, Ireland's debut WODI series, Australia won each match by a margin of more than 100 runs.

## ODI series

### 1st ODI

### 2nd ODI

* Australia Women won the toss and elected to bat.
* Stella Owens (Ire) made her women's ODI debut.
* *Susan Bray became the first bowler to take a wicket for Ireland in a women's ODI match.*

### 3rd ODI

* Ireland Women won the toss and elected to field.

## InfoBox

| Australian women's cricket team in Ireland in 1987 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
|  | Ireland | Australia |
| Dates | 28 June – 2 July 1987 | | |
| Captains | Mary-Pat Moore | Lyn Larsen |
| One Day International series | | | |
| Results | Australia won the 3-match series 3–0 | | |
| Most runs | Mary-Pat Moore (57) | Lindsay Reeler (167) |
| Most wickets | Susan Bray (4) | Karen Brown (9) |


title: Eunice Black

abstract: Eunice Black was an English character actress best known for her roles in various sitcoms and comedy movies.

text:
# Eunice Black

**Eunice Black** (23 October 1914 — 27 August 2007) was an English character actress best known for her roles in various sitcoms and comedy movies.

## Early life

Eunice Black was born on 23 October 1914 in West Ham, Essex, as Eunice Holden.

## Career

Black started out at the Unity Theatre, London, before becoming a qualified teacher of English and Drama. She taught both through the Second World War.

### Television

Black appeared in the 1962 Christmas episode of *Faces of Jim,* 'The Christmas Face of Jim,' opposite Jimmy Edwards, June Whitfield, Ronnie Barker and Michael Brennan. This was her television debut.

Black was a regular supporting cast member on the ITV sitcom *On The Buses*, appearing in three different roles. Her first appearance was as a traffic warden in 'Mum's Last Fling', series 3, and she reappeared as a 'clippie' called Rosie in two episodes of series 4 titled 'Dangerous Driving' and 'Christmas Duty.' She also played clippies called Gladys in series 6 ('No Smoke Without Fire') and Ada in the first spin-off film *On the Buses* (1971); and played Mrs Hudson in *Holiday on the Buses* (1973). These made her one of the *On the Buses* franchise's most regularly used guest actors.

In addition to this, she appeared as a guest actor on many British sitcoms such as *Please Sir!*, *The Liver Birds*, *Doctor at Large*, *George and Mildred*, and *The Benny Hill Show*. Her last sitcom appearance was in a 1988 episode of *Last of the Summer Wine*.

### Film

Black made her film debut in *A Taste of Honey* (1961). Other film roles included small appearances in *Drop Dead Darling* (1966), *Chitty Chitty Bang Bang* (1968), *The Hunchback of Notre Dame* (1982), and *Bullseye!* (1990).

## Death

Black died on 27 August 2007 in London, aged 92. Her autobiography, *Nine Lives of a Free Spirit*, was published the following year.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1961 | *A Taste of Honey* | Schoolteacher | Uncredited |
| 1966 | *Drop Dead Darling* | Matron |  |
| 1968 | *Chitty Chitty Bang Bang* | Courtier | Uncredited |
| 1970 | *Love Is a Splendid Illusion* | Second Catty Woman |  |
| 1971 | *On the Buses* | Ada |  |
| 1973 | *Holiday on the Buses* | Mrs. Hudson |  |
| 1974 | *The Cherry Picker* |  |  |
| 1974 | *Sex Play* | Miss Grimm |  |
| 1982 | *The Hunchback of Notre Dame* | Clergy | TV movie |
| 1990 | *Bullseye!* | Old Cleaning Lady | (final film role) |

## InfoBox

| Eunice Black | |
| --- | --- |
| Eunice Black in 1988 | |
| Born | Eunice Holden
23 October 1914
West Ham, Essex, UK |
| Died | 27 August 2007(2007-08-27) (aged 92) |
| Occupation | Actress |


title: Ayodele Olajide Falase

abstract: Ayodele Olajide Falase is a Nigerian cardiologist and academic. He is a former vice chancellor of the University of Ibadan. He served as a WHO Expert committee member on cardiopathies and on a WHO expert panel on cardiovascular disease. Professor Ayodele Falase got the Honorary fellowship award at the University of Ibadan 71st founder’s day held in 2019.

text:
# Ayodele Olajide Falase

**Ayodele Olajide Falase** (born 4 January 1944) is a Nigerian cardiologist and academic. He is a former vice chancellor of the University of Ibadan. He served as a WHO Expert committee member on cardiopathies and on a WHO expert panel on cardiovascular disease. Professor Ayodele Falase got the Honorary fellowship award at the University of Ibadan 71st founder’s day held in 2019.

## Early life

Ayodele was born on 4 January 1944 in the village of Erin-Oke, Oriade local government of Osun state, Nigeria.

Ayodele completed his education in the following schools:

* Secondary education at Remo Secondary School, Segamu, Lagos State, Nigeria - 1956
* Igbobi College, Yaba - 1957-62
* University of Ibadan - 1963-68
* Royal College of Physicians, UK - 1971
* National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria - 1976
* Royal College of Physicians of London - 1982

## Career

Ayodele started his career at University College Hospital, Ibadan in 1968-69, immediately after graduation from the same university. He became a house physician in 1969-70 and a registrar in 1971-72, in the same college hospital. He held several positions on this career path until he rose to become a professor of cardiology and founder of Pan African Society of Cardiology (PASCAR). He was awarded the Nigerian National Merit Award in 2005 and currently one of the four Emeritus Professors at the Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan. An Introduction to Clinical Diagnosis in the Tropics, a popular clinical clerkship book among Nigerian clinical medical students was first published by him in 1986.

## Research

Ayodele's publications include subjects on:

## Books

The human heart fountain of life: inaugural lecture delivered on Tuesday 27 January 1981

An introduction to clinical diagnosis in the tropics(1986)

Cardiovascular disease(1987)

## InfoBox

| Ayodele Olajide Falase | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Ayodele Olajide Falase
4 January 1944
Osun, Nigeria |
| Nationality | Nigerian |
| Alma mater | Igbobi College, Yaba Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria
University of Ibadan (MBBS) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Cardiology |
| Institutions | WHO |
|  | |


title: Arrimal e Mendiga

abstract: Arrimal e Mendiga is a civil parish in the municipality of Porto de Mós, Portugal. The population in 2021 was 1,575, in an area of 38.58 km⁲. It was formed on 28 January 2013 by the merging of freguesias Arrimal and Mendiga. It is known for its natural beauty, being the home of the Serras de Aire e Candeeiros Natural Park and two natural lagoons.

text:
# Arrimal e Mendiga

**Arrimal e Mendiga** (officially **União das Freguesias de Arrimal e Mendiga**) is a civil parish in the municipality of Porto de Mós, Portugal. The population in 2021 was 1,575, in an area of 38.58 km2. It was formed on 28 January 2013 by the merging of *freguesias* Arrimal and Mendiga.

It is known for its natural beauty, being the home of the Serras de Aire e Candeeiros Natural Park and two natural lagoons.

1. "Resultados Preliminares Censos 2021 INE". Retrieved 10 January 2022.
2. "Arrimal - União de Freguesias de Arrimal e Mendiga". *www.municipio-portodemos.pt* (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2022-01-10.

## InfoBox

| Arrimal e Mendiga | |
| --- | --- |
| Civil parish | |
| Arrimal e MendigaLocation in Portugal | |
| Coordinates: 39°29′51″N 8°50′52″W / 39.49750°N 8.84778°W / 39.49750; -8.84778 | |
| Country | Portugal |
| Region | Centro |
| Intermunic. comm. | Região de Leiria |
| District | Leiria |
| Municipality | Porto de Mós |
| Area | |
| Total | 38.58 km2 (14.90 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 1,575 |
| Density | 41/km2 (110/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC±00:00 (WET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+01:00 (WEST) |
| Patron | Saint Anthony of Arrimal and Saint Julian of Mendiga |
| Website | www.uf-arrimal-mendiga.pt/index.html |


title: 1996 Allsvenskan

abstract: Allsvenskan 1996, part of the 1996 Swedish football season, was the 72nd Allsvenskan season played. IFK Göteborg won the league ahead of runners-up Malmö FF, while Umeå FC, Djurgårdens IF and IK Oddevold were relegated.

text:
# 1996 Allsvenskan

**Allsvenskan 1996**, part of the 1996 Swedish football season, was the 72nd Allsvenskan season played. IFK Göteborg won the league ahead of runners-up Malmö FF, while Umeå FC, Djurgårdens IF and IK Oddevold were relegated.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | IFK Göteborg (C) | 26 | 17 | 5 | 4 | 61 | 23 | +38 | 56 | Qualification to Champions League second qualifying round |
| 2 | Malmö FF | 26 | 13 | 7 | 6 | 33 | 26 | +7 | 46 | Qualification to UEFA Cup second qualifying round |
| 3 | Helsingborgs IF | 26 | 13 | 5 | 8 | 39 | 26 | +13 | | 44 |
| 4 | AIK | 26 | 12 | 7 | 7 | 36 | 23 | +13 | 43 | Qualification to Cup Winners' Cup first round |
| 5 | Örebro SK | 26 | 13 | 3 | 10 | 34 | 29 | +5 | 42 | Qualification to UEFA Cup second qualifying round |
| 6 | Östers IF | 26 | 10 | 6 | 10 | 37 | 39 | 2 | 36 | Qualification to Intertoto Cup group stage |
| 7 | Halmstads BK | 26 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 34 | 37 | 3 | | 35 |
| 8 | IFK Norrköping | 26 | 9 | 7 | 10 | 31 | 29 | +2 | 34 |  |
| 9 | Degerfors IF | 26 | 9 | 7 | 10 | 34 | 41 | 7 | | 34 |
| 10 | Örgryte IS | 26 | 8 | 7 | 11 | 27 | 30 | 3 | | 31 |
| 11 | Umeå FC (R) | 26 | 8 | 6 | 12 | 35 | 45 | 10 | 30 | Qualification to Relegation play-offs |
| 12 | Trelleborgs FF (O) | 26 | 9 | 3 | 14 | 33 | 48 | 15 | | 30 |
| 13 | Djurgårdens IF (R) | 26 | 8 | 3 | 15 | 28 | 43 | 15 | 27 | Relegation to Division 1 |
| 14 | IK Oddevold (R) | 26 | 5 | 4 | 17 | 20 | 43 | 23 | | 19 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (O) Play-off winners; (R) Relegated
Notes:

## Relegation play-offs

| Ljungskile SK | 01 | Umeå FC |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Skarsjövallen, Ljungskile

| Umeå FC | 23 (ag) | Ljungskile SK |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Gammliavallen, Umeå

---

| Hammarby IF | 21 | Trelleborgs FF |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Söderstadion, Stockholm

| Trelleborgs FF | 31 | Hammarby IF |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |

Vångavallen, Trelleborg

## Results

| Home \ Away | AIK | DEG | DIF | HBK | HIF | IFKG | IFKN | IKO | MFF | TFF | UFC | ÖSK | ÖIS | ÖIF |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| AIK |  | 1–1 | 1–0 | 0–0 | 2–1 | 6–0 | 1–0 | 3–1 | 0–1 | 2–3 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 1–0 | 2–3 |
| Degerfors IF | 0–0 |  | 0–2 | 1–1 | 1–0 | 2–7 | 3–1 | 1–0 | 3–0 | 3–1 | 3–1 | 1–0 | 3–1 | 2–1 |
| Djurgårdens IF | 0–2 | 3–2 |  | 1–1 | 3–1 | 0–1 | 1–1 | 2–1 | 0–1 | 1–0 | 2–2 | 2–1 | 4–0 | 2–3 |
| Halmstads BK | 3–2 | 3–0 | 1–0 |  | 1–0 | 3–4 | 1–2 | 3–0 | 2–3 | 1–0 | 2–1 | 1–0 | 1–3 | 2–2 |
| Helsingborgs IF | 1–0 | 4–1 | 2–1 | 0–0 |  | 1–1 | 2–2 | 3–1 | 1–2 | 1–2 | 4–0 | 3–0 | 2–1 | 2–0 |
| IFK Göteborg | 0–1 | 2–0 | 3–0 | 4–0 | 4–1 |  | 2–0 | 5–1 | 0–0 | 1–0 | 4–0 | 0–2 | 1–0 | 5–1 |
| IFK Norrköping | 1–2 | 0–0 | 2–1 | 0–0 | 0–1 | 1–0 |  | 1–1 | 0–2 | 3–1 | 0–1 | 1–3 | 2–0 | 3–1 |
| IK Oddevold | 0–0 | 1–1 | 1–2 | 0–3 | 0–1 | 0–2 | 0–2 |  | 1–3 | 3–0 | 2–1 | 0–1 | 0–2 | 3–0 |
| Malmö FF | 0–3 | 2–1 | 2–0 | 4–1 | 1–1 | 1–3 | 0–0 | 1–1 |  | 2–0 | 2–1 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 2–2 |
| Trelleborgs FF | 0–1 | 3–1 | 3–1 | 2–2 | 1–1 | 0–6 | 1–3 | 1–0 | 1–1 |  | 3–1 | 0–1 | 3–2 | 2–1 |
| Umeå FC | 2–0 | 2–2 | 4–0 | 2–1 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 3–2 | 2–0 | 0–1 | 4–2 |  | 3–1 | 1–2 | 1–1 |
| Örebro SK | 0–2 | 2–1 | 3–0 | 3–1 | 2–1 | 0–0 | 1–4 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 3–1 | 1–1 |  | 0–1 | 2–1 |
| Örgryte IS | 1–1 | 0–0 | 3–0 | 0–0 | 0–2 | 1–4 | 0–0 | 1–2 | 0–0 | 0–2 | 3–0 | 1–1 |  | 3–0 |
| Östers IF | 2–2 | 3–1 | 2–0 | 3–0 | 0–1 | 1–1 | 1–0 | 0–1 | 1–0 | 3–1 | 3–0 | 2–1 | 0–0 |  |

Source:
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.

## Season statistics

### Top scorers

| Rank | Player | Club | Goals |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1** | Andreas Andersson | IFK Göteborg | 19 |
| **2** | Marino Rahmberg | Degerfors IF | 13 |
| **4** | Steve Galloway | Umeå FC | 12 |
| | Hans Eklund | Östers IF | 12 |
| | Robert Steiner | IFK Norrköping | 12 |
| **6** | Dan Sahlin | Örebro SK | 11 |
| **7** | Magnus Gustafsson | IFK Norrköping | 10 |
| **8** | Milenko Vukčević | Degerfors IF | 9 |
| **9** | Pascal Simpson | AIK | 8 |
| | Marcus Allbäck | Örgryte IS | 8 |
| | Jonas Axeldal | Östers IF | 8 |
|

Print * Alsiö, Martin; Frantz, Alf; Lindahl, Jimmy; Persson, Gunnar, eds. (2004). *100 år: Svenska fotbollförbundets jubileumsbok 1904-2004, del 2: statistiken*. Vällingby: Stroemberg Media Group. ISBN 91-86184-59-8.
* Glanell, Tomas; Havik, Göran; Lindberg, Thomas; Persson, Gunnar; Ågren, Bengt, eds. (2004). *100 år: Svenska fotbollförbundets jubileumsbok 1904-2004, del 1*. Vällingby: Stroemberg Media Group. ISBN 91-86184-59-8.
* Nylin, Lars (2004). *Den nödvändiga boken om Allsvenskan: svensk fotboll från 1896 till idag, statistik, höjdpunkter lag för lag, klassiska bilder*. Sundbyberg: Semic. ISBN 91-552-3168-3.

Online

## InfoBox

Allsvenskan
| Season | 1996 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | IFK Göteborg |
| Relegated | Umeå FC (after play-offs)
Djurgårdens IF
IK Oddevold |
| Champions League | IFK Göteborg |
| UEFA Cup | Malmö FF
Helsingborgs IF
Örebro SK |
| Top goalscorer | Andreas Andersson, IFK Göteborg (19) |
| Average attendance | 4,989 |
| 1995 1997 | |


title: Azole

abstract: Azoles are a class of five-membered heterocyclic compounds containing a nitrogen atom and at least one other non-carbon atom as part of the ring. Their names originate from the Hantzsch–Widman nomenclature. The parent compounds are aromatic and have two double bonds; there are successively reduced analogs with fewer. One, and only one, lone pair of electrons from each heteroatom in the ring is part of the aromatic bonding in an azole. Names of azoles maintain the prefix upon reduction. The numbering of ring atoms in azoles starts with the heteroatom that is not part of a double bond, and then proceeds towards the other heteroatom. Imidazole and other five-membered aromatic heterocyclic systems with two nitrogens are extremely common in nature and form the core of many biomolecules, such as histidine.

text:
# Azole

**Azoles** are a class of five-membered heterocyclic compounds containing a nitrogen atom and at least one other non-carbon atom (i.e. nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen) as part of the ring. Their names originate from the Hantzsch–Widman nomenclature. The parent compounds are aromatic and have two double bonds; there are successively reduced analogs (azolines and azolidines) with fewer. One, and only one, lone pair of electrons from each heteroatom in the ring is part of the aromatic bonding in an azole. Names of azoles maintain the prefix upon reduction (e.g., pyrazoline, pyrazolidine). The numbering of ring atoms in azoles starts with the heteroatom that is not part of a double bond, and then proceeds towards the other heteroatom.

Imidazole and other five-membered aromatic heterocyclic systems with two nitrogens are extremely common in nature and form the core of many biomolecules, such as histidine.

## Compound classes

Nitrogen only N,O compounds N,S compounds

## Use as anti-fungal agents

The search for antifungal agents with acceptable toxicity profiles led first to the discovery of ketoconazole, the first azole-based oral treatment of systemic fungal infections, in the early 1980s. Later, triazoles fluconazole and itraconazole, with a broader spectrum of antifungal activity and improved safety profile were developed. In order to overcome limitations such as sub-optimal spectra of activity, drug-drug interactions, toxicity, development of resistance and unfavorable pharmacokinetics, analogues were developed. Second-generation triazoles, including voriconazole, posaconazole and ravuconazole, are more potent and more active against resistant pathogens.

For wood preservation, other azoles such as propiconazole, tebuconazole and cyproconazole, are used as antifungal agents in several wood products or structures, with or without the addition of copper-containing compounds. Such azoles possess a good activity in solvents and water-based formulations, and are effective against wood-destroying, rot fungi.

*This article incorporates material from the Citizendium article "Azole", which is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License but not under the GFDL.*


title: Battle of El Manzano

abstract: The Battle of El Manzano, also known as the Battle of Pachacamac was a confrontation between Peruvian and Chilean forces that occurred on December 27, 1880 in the El Manzano hills on the south side of the Lurín River during the Lima campaign during the War of the Pacific.

text:
# Battle of El Manzano

The **Battle of El Manzano**, also known as the **Battle of Pachacamac** was a confrontation between Peruvian and Chilean forces that occurred on December 27, 1880 in the El Manzano hills on the south side of the Lurín River during the Lima campaign during the War of the Pacific.

## Background

When the landing of Chilean troops led by Patricio Lynch in Pisco became known in Lima, Colonel Pedro José Sevilla was ordered with 250 cavalry soldiers to harass Lynch's march to the north, which did not yield the expected results. The Chilean brigade arrived without fighting at the point where the rest of the landed army was waiting in Lurín and Curayaco, leaving the troops from Sevilla in the rear. Sevilla, who knew about the new landing in Lurín, thought that this wouldn't have occupied the interior, so he continued his journey relatively close to the coast and without outposts observing the road. He also sent a notice to Lima announcing his return and the itinerary he hoped to follow.

## The Battle

The courier with the news was taken prisoner and with this information, Orozimbo Barbosa, head of the second brigade of the second division, prepared a trap for Sevilla and his cavalry.

Barbosa arranged the 3rd Yungay Mountain Detachment, the 22nd Lautaro Infantry Regiment, the Curicó Battalion and the 3rd Victoria Logistics Regiment in a staggered manner around the road that Sevilla had announced to Lima, taking advantage of the incompetence to avoid friendly fire

The unequal combat began on the night of December 27 and continued sporadically until dawn. On the next and subsequent day, a search and pursuit began for the horsemen who were able to escape.

### The Capture

Emilio Sotomayor Baeza, head of the II Division, was informed about the capture of the commander of the Rimac regiment, Colonel Sevilla , 9 officers, 1 surgeon, 1 intern, 1 telegraph operator and 120 troops. Barbosa also reported the capture of 100 Remington carbines, spears, sabers and 120 horses, and as a complement, more than 1000 animals including cattle, sheep and goats. Among the war material was also the telegraph apparatus, the instruments of his music band, the regiment's documentation and important private and official communications.

The Chileans had 5 casualties: 1 dead (José Olano) and 4 wounded. Peruvian casualties are not known.

### Bibliography

* Bulnes, Gonzalo (1914). Sociedad Imprenta y Litografía Universo (ed.). *Guerra del Pacífico. Vol. 2: De Tarapacá a Lima* (PDF). Valparaíso. p. 740.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Dellepiane, Carlos (1977). Ministerio de Guerra del Perú, Biblioteca Militar (ed.). *Historia Militar del Perú*. Vol. 2. Lima, Perú.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Gobierno de Chile (1879). Chile (ed.). *Boletín de la Guerra del Pacífico*. Santiago de Chile.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Parte de Orozimbo Barbosa sobre el Manzano

## InfoBox

| Battle of El Manzano | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Lima campaign of the War of the Pacific | |
|
El Manzano hill is located to the southeast of the Lurín River, in the central part of the image, indicated by the red dot. | |
| Date December 27, 1880  Location Lurín River, Department of Lima, Peru  Result  Chilean victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Chile | Peru |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Orozimbo Barbosa | Pedro J. Sevilla |
| Units involved | |
| 3rd Yungay Mountain Detachment
22nd Lautaro Infantry Regiment
Curicó Battalion
3rd Victoria Logistics Regiment | Rímac Cavalry Regiment |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 1 killed, 4 wounded | *Unknown* |


title: Frank D. Haines

abstract: Frank D. Haines was a justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court from 1925 to 1936. Born in Colchester, Connecticut, to David Haines and Amanda Taylor Haines, he was raised on a farm and attended Bacon Academy in that city. In 1883, he moved to Middletown, Connecticut, and worked as a bookkeeper until 1890, when he began to study law. Haines "studied in the law office of M. Eugene Culver for two years and then persuaded Dean Francis Wayland to permit him to enrol as a senior in Yale Law School, from which Haines graduated in 1893. from which he graduated in 1893. Haines entered into a partnership with Culver until 1895, when he became executive secretary to Governor Owen Vincent Coffin, until 1897. He returned to the practice of law, including periods as Middlesex County liquor prosecutor, and state's attorney. Haines served on the Superior court from 1918 to 1925, when he was elected to the Supreme Court by a unanimous vote of the General Assembly on February 19, 1925. Haines died in Middlesex Memorial Hospital in Middletown at the age of 92, after a lengthy illness.

text:
# Frank D. Haines

**Frank D. Haines** (January 16, 1866 – January 20, 1959) was a justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court from 1925 to 1936.

Born in Colchester, Connecticut, to David Haines and Amanda Taylor Haines, he was raised on a farm and attended Bacon Academy in that city. In 1883, he moved to Middletown, Connecticut, and worked as a bookkeeper until 1890, when he began to study law. Haines "studied in the law office of M. Eugene Culver for two years and then persuaded Dean Francis Wayland to permit him to enrol as a senior in Yale Law School, from which Haines graduated in 1893. from which he graduated in 1893.

Haines entered into a partnership with Culver until 1895, when he became executive secretary to Governor Owen Vincent Coffin, until 1897. He returned to the practice of law, including periods as Middlesex County liquor prosecutor, and state's attorney. Haines served on the Superior court from 1918 to 1925, when he was elected to the Supreme Court by a unanimous vote of the General Assembly on February 19, 1925.

Haines died in Middlesex Memorial Hospital in Middletown at the age of 92, after a lengthy illness.


# Australia women's cricket team in New Zealand in 1987–88

The Australia women's national cricket team toured New Zealand in January 1988. They played against New Zealand in three One Day Internationals, which were competed for the Rose Bowl. Australia won the series 3–0.

## Squads

| New Zealand | Australia |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |

## WODI Series

### 1st ODI

### 2nd ODI

* Australia Women won the toss and elected to bat.

### 3rd ODI

* New Zealand Women won the toss and elected to bat.
* Jodie Davis (Aus) made her WODI debut.

## InfoBox

| Australia women's cricket team in New Zealand in 1987–88 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
|  | New Zealand | Australia |
| Dates | 20 – 25 January 1988 | | |
| Captains | Debbie Hockley | Lyn Larsen |
| One Day International series | | | |
| Results | Australia won the 3-match series 3–0 | | |
| Most runs | Ingrid Jagersma (90) | Zoe Goss (115)
Sharlene Heywood (115) |
| Most wickets | Brigit Legg (5)
Nancy Williams (5) | Lyn Fullston (5)
Karen Brown (5) |


title: Automatisch

abstract: "Automatisch" and "Automatic" are the first singles from German pop rock band Tokio Hotel's third German studio album and second English studio album Humanoid. "Automatisch" was released in German-speaking countries on 18 September 2009 and "Automatic" was released in the United States on 22 September 2009.

text:
# Automatisch

| "Automatic" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Tokio Hotel | |
| from the album  *Humanoid* | |
| Released | 22 September 2009 (United States) |
| Genre | Pop rock |
| Length | 3:15 |
| Label | Universal |
| Songwriter(s) | B. Kaulitz, T. Kaulitz, D. Roth, P. Benzner, D. Jost |
| Producer(s) | David Roth, Patrick Benzner, David Jost |
|  | |
| Tokio Hotel singles chronology | |
| "Heilig"
(2008) "**Automatisch**" / "Automatic"
(2009) ""World Behind My Wall/Lass Uns Laufen""
(2010) | |
|  | |

"**Automatisch**" and "**Automatic**" are the first singles from German pop rock band Tokio Hotel's third German studio album and second English studio album *Humanoid*. "Automatisch" was released in German-speaking countries on 18 September 2009 and "Automatic" was released in the United States on 22 September 2009.

## Music video

Craig Wessels of Wicked Pixels, the most-awarded animation-studio in South Africa, directed the music video, shot over three days in the Kalahari Desert in South Africa. The video features the band driving separately in muscle cars and with computer generated humanoid robots. The music video for "Automatic" was released online on September 3, 2009, while the video for "Automatisch" was released a day later.

## Formats and track listings

* **Automatisch CD-Single: 2 Track**

| # | Title | Songwriters | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Automatisch" | B. Kaulitz, T. Kaulitz, D. Roth, P. Benzner, D. Jost | 3:16 |
| 2 | "Automatic" | B. Kaulitz, T. Kaulitz, D. Roth, P. Benzner, D. Jost | 3:16 |

* **Automatisch CD-Single: Premium**

| # | Title | Songwriters | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Automatisch" | B. Kaulitz, T. Kaulitz, D. Roth, P. Benzner, D. Jost | 3:16 |
| 2 | "Humanoid" | B. Kaulitz, T. Kaulitz, D. Roth, P. Benzner, D. Jost | 3:45 |

* Bonus Tokio Hotel fan magnet
* **Automatic CD-Single**

| # | Title | Songwriters | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Automatic" | T. Kaulitz, B. Kaulitz, D. Roth, P. Benzner, D. Jost | 3:16 |
| 2 | "Automatisch" | B. Kaulitz, T. Kaulitz, D. Roth, P. Benzner, D. Jost | 3:16 |

* **Automatic Australian iTunes Download**

| # | Title | Songwriters | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Automatic" | B. Kaulitz, T. Kaulitz, D. Roth, P. Benzner, D. Jost | 3:15 |
| 2 | "Automatisch" | B. Kaulitz, T. Kaulitz, D. Roth, P. Benzner, D. Jost | 3:15 |
| 3 | "Humanoid (English Version)" | B. Kaulitz, T. Kaulitz, D. Roth, P. Benzner, D. Jost | 3:48 |
| 4 | "Automatic (Remote Control Mix)" | B. Kaulitz, T. Kaulitz, D. Roth, P. Benzner, D. Jost | 3:17 |

## Charts

| Chart (2009) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Austrian Singles Chart | 14 |
| Belgian Singles Chart (Flanders) | 23 |
| Belgian Singles Chart (Wallonia) | 16 |
| Dutch Singles Chart | 75 |
| French Singles Chart | 2 |
| German Singles Chart | 5 |
| Hungarian Singles Chart | 10 |
| South Africa 5FM Charts | 11 |
| Spanish Singles Chart | 21 |
| Swedish Singles Chart | 36 |
| Swiss Singles Chart | 44 |

## InfoBox

| "Automatisch" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Tokio Hotel | |
| from the album  *Humanoid* | |
| B-side | "Humanoid" |
| Released | 18 September 2009 (Germany) |
| Genre | Pop rock |
| Length | 3:15 |
| Label | Interscope, Cherrytree |
| Songwriter(s) | B. Kaulitz, T. Kaulitz, D. Roth, P. Benzner, D. Jost |
| Producer(s) | B. Kaulitz, T. Kaulitz, D. Roth, P. Benzner, D. Jost |


title: Engina fasciata

abstract: Engina fasciata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Pisaniidae.

text:
# Engina fasciata

***Engina fasciata*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Pisaniidae.

## Description

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Indian Ocean off Madagascar.

* Fraussen K., Monnier E. & Rosado J. (2015). *Two new Engina Gray, 1839 (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) from south-west Indian Ocean*. Xenophora Taxonomy. 6: 13–18.

## InfoBox

| *Engina fasciata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Pisaniidae |
| Genus: | *Engina* |
| Species: | ***E. fasciata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Engina fasciata***<br>(Bozzetti, 2009) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Retizafra fasciata* Bozzetti, 2009 (original combination) | |


title: 1925–26 Hibernian F.C. season

text:
# 1925–26 Hibernian F.C. season

During the 1925–26 season Hibernian, a football club based in Edinburgh, finished sixteenth out of 20 clubs in the Scottish First Division.

## Scottish First Division

| Match Day | Date | Opponent | H/A | Score | Hibernian Scorer(s) | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 15 August | Celtic |  | 0–5 |  | 22,000 |
| 2 | 22 August | Kilmarnock |  | 8–0 |  | 17,000 |
| 3 | 29 August | St Johnstone |  | 0–0 |  | 5,500 |
| 4 | 5 September | Dundee |  | 2–1 |  | 18,000 |
| 5 | 12 September | Motherwell |  | 1–2 |  | 8,000 |
| 6 | 19 September | Partick Thistle |  | 3–4 |  | 12,000 |
| 7 | 21 September | Rangers |  | 0–2 |  | 15,000 |
| 8 | 26 September | Raith Rovers |  | 0–1 |  | 8,000 |
| 9 | 3 October | St Mirren |  | 0–2 |  | 10,000 |
| 10 | 10 October | Aberdeen |  | 0–5 |  | 12,000 |
| 11 | 17 October | Heart of Midlothian |  | 0–0 |  | 20,000 |
| 12 | 24 October | Queen's Park |  | 0–2 |  | 10,000 |
| 13 | 31 October | Falkirk |  | 3–1 |  | 10,000 |
| 14 | 7 November | Cowdenbeath |  | 1–3 |  | 5,000 |
| 15 | 14 November | Hamilton Academical |  | 0–1 |  | 6,000 |
| 16 | 21 November | Clydebank |  | 5–1 |  | 8,000 |
| 17 | 28 November | Dundee United |  | 2–2 |  | 5,000 |
| 18 | 5 December | Hamilton Academical |  | 8–4 |  | 10,000 |
| 19 | 12 December | Rangers |  | 1–3 |  | 22,000 |
| 20 | 26 December | Dundee |  | 4–1 |  | 6,000 |
| 21 | 1 January | Heart of Midlothian |  | 4–1 |  | 33,000 |
| 22 | 2 January | Aberdeen |  | 0–0 |  | 17,000 |
| 23 | 4 January | St Johnstone |  | 0–3 |  | 14,000 |
| 24 | 9 January | Partick Thistle |  | 1–2 |  | 10,000 |
| 25 | 13 January | Morton |  | 4–1 |  | 8,000 |
| 26 | 16 January | Celtic |  | 4–4 |  | 25,000 |
| 27 | 30 January | Airdrieonians |  | 1–4 |  | 16,000 |
| 28 | 10 February | Morton |  | 5–2 |  | 3,000 |
| 29 | 13 February | Motherwell |  | 3–1 |  | 14,000 |
| 30 | 20 February | Queen's Park |  | 1–2 |  | 10,000 |
| 31 | 27 February | St Mirren |  | 1–2 |  | 7,000 |
| 32 | 6 March | Cowdenbeath |  | 1–2 |  | 10,500 |
| 33 | 13 March | Clydebank |  | 1–0 |  | 3,000 |
| 34 | 20 March | Raith Rovers |  | 2–0 |  | 10,000 |
| 35 | 27 March | Airdrieonians |  | 1–5 |  | 5,000 |
| 36 | 10 April | Dundee United |  | 3–5 |  | 8,000 |
| 37 | 17 April | Falkirk |  | 1–1 |  | 6,500 |
| 38 | 24 April | Kilmarnock |  | 1–2 |  | 5,000 |

### Final League table

| P | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15 | Morton | 38 | 12 | 7 | 19 | 57 | 84 | –27 | **31** |
| 16 | Hibernian | 38 | 12 | 6 | 20 | 72 | 77 | –5 | **30** |
| 17 | Dundee United | 38 | 11 | 6 | 21 | 52 | 74 | –22 | **28** |

### Scottish Cup

| Round | Date | Opponent | H/A | Score | Hibernian Scorer(s) | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| R1 | 23 January | Broxburn United |  | 1–1 |  | 14,000 |
| R1 R | 26 January | Broxburn United |  | 1–0 |  | 9,000 |
| R2 | 6 February | Airdrieonians |  | 2–3 |  | 20,000 |

## InfoBox

Hibernian
| 1925–26 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Manager | Alex Maley (to October) <br>Bobby Templeton (from October) |
| Scottish First Division | 16th |
| Scottish Cup | R2 |
| Average home league attendance | 12,875 (down 967) |
|  | |


title: 1980 Taipei International Championships

abstract: The 1980 Taipei International Championships was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Taipei, Taiwan that was part of the 1980 Volvo Grand Prix. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was held from 10 November through 16 November 1980. First-seeded Ivan Lendl won the singles title.

text:
# 1980 Taipei International Championships

The **1980 Taipei International Championships** was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts in Taipei, Taiwan that was part of the 1980 Volvo Grand Prix. It was the fourth edition of the tournament and was held from 10 November through 16 November 1980. First-seeded Ivan Lendl won the singles title.

## Finals

### Singles

Ivan Lendl defeated  Brian Teacher 6–7, 6–3, 6–3, 7–6

* It was Lendl's 7th singles title of the year and his career.

### Doubles

Brian Teacher /  Bruce Manson defeated  John Austin /  Ferdi Taygan 6–4, 6–0

## InfoBox

| 1980 Taipei International Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 10–16 November |
| Edition | 4th |
| Category | Grand Prix |
| Draw | 32S / 16D |
| Prize money | 75,000 |
| Surface | Carpet / indoor |
| Location | Taipei, Taiwan |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Ivan Lendl | |
| Doubles | |
| Brian Teacher /  Bruce Manson | |
|  | |


title: Aschehoug Prize

abstract: The Aschehoug Prize is published annually by the Norwegian publishing house Aschehoug. The Aschehoug Prize is awarded to Norwegian authors on the basis of the merit of a recent publication. It is awarded on merit, irrespective of the publisher, based on a binding recommendation from the Norwegian Critics Organization. The prize consists of a statuette of sculptor Ørnulf Bast and 100,000 kroner (2018). The monumental sculpture Evig Liv which is the reference of the miniature statuette is to be found at Sehesteds plass in front of the publisher's main building in Oslo.

text:
# Aschehoug Prize

The **Aschehoug Prize** is published annually by the Norwegian publishing house Aschehoug. The Aschehoug Prize is awarded to Norwegian authors on the basis of the merit of a recent publication. It is awarded on merit, irrespective of the publisher, based on a binding recommendation from the Norwegian Critics Organization. The prize consists of a statuette of sculptor Ørnulf Bast and 100,000 kroner (2018). The monumental sculpture *Evig Liv* (=*Eternal Life*) which is the reference of the miniature statuette is to be found at *Sehesteds plass* in front of the publisher's main building in Oslo.

## Recipients of the Aschehoug Prize


title: Bachhrawan

abstract: Bachhrawan is a town and nagar panchayat in Raebareli district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the seat of a community development block. It is located on the main Raebareli-Lucknow road, at the intersection with roads leading to Maharajganj, Haidergarh, and Gurbakhshganj. The railway runs parallel with the Raebareli-Lucknow road, and there is a train station on the west side of town. First upgraded to municipal status in 1935, Bachhrawan hosts a Ramlila festival on Asvina Sudi 10, which involves a dramatic reenactment of the Ramayana. Vendors bring various everyday items to sell at the festival. As of 2011, the population of Bachhrawan is 12,521, in 2,359 households.

text:
# Bachhrawan

**Bachhrawan** is a town and nagar panchayat in Raebareli district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is the seat of a community development block. It is located on the main Raebareli-Lucknow road, at the intersection with roads leading to Maharajganj, Haidergarh, and Gurbakhshganj. The railway runs parallel with the Raebareli-Lucknow road, and there is a train station on the west side of town. First upgraded to municipal status in 1935, Bachhrawan hosts a Ramlila festival on Asvina Sudi 10, which involves a dramatic reenactment of the Ramayana. Vendors bring various everyday items to sell at the festival. As of 2011, the population of Bachhrawan is 12,521, in 2,359 households.

## History

Near Bachhrawan is a large mound strewn with bricks, which is said to represent the original Bhar town. The Bhars seem to have remained in control of the area even after being subjugated first by the Muslims under Sayyid Salar Masud and then by the Bais Rajputs, and they were only finally defeated in 829 AH under Ibrahim Shah of the Jaunpur Sultanate. At that point, the area was made into the pargana of Thulendi, and it was divided into two tappas called Ashan and Sudauli. Thulendi remained the pargana headquarters until the reign of Nawab Asaf-ud-Daula in the late 1700s, when the headquarters were moved to Bachhrawan.

One of the Chaudhris of Thulendi pargana, Bachhraj Pande, founded the current town of Bachhrawan sometime around the year 1400, and the town is named after him. At about this time, a group of Kurmis from the Jaiswar subdivision had been driven to this area by the pressure of a famine. One of them, Kesho Das, entered the service of Bachhraj Pande and eventually succeeded him as Chaudhri. His descendants kept the office of Chaudhri, as well as a large proprietary estate (including Bachhrawan) until much of this was sold to the Khattris of Maurawan.

At the turn of the 20th century, Bachhrawan was described as a large village with a population of 4,822 people as of the 1901 census. There was a Muslim minority of 403, and the main Hindu caste was the Koris. The village had a police station, a post and telegraph office, a cattle pound, a large primary school, and "a thriving bazar, known as Girdharaganj, in which markets are held twice a week." Bachhrawan was a major exporter of grain, which had especially grown since the opening of the Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway.

Bachhrawan was first upgraded from village to town status in 1935, at the same time as Dalmau, Jais, Lalganj, and Maharajganj.

Bachhrawan was declassified as a town during the 1961 census due to non-fulfilment of urban conditions, and the 1961 census listed statistics for two separate entities: Bachhrawan Rural and Bachhrawan Town Area. The total population of Bachhrawan was 5,957 people: 4,323 in Maurawan Town Area and 1,634 in Maurawan Rural. Bachhrawan Town Area had a population of 2,225 males and 2,098 females, in 940 households and 838 physical houses; Bachhrawan Rural had a population of 866 males and 768 females, in 378 households and 306 physical houses. The Town Area consisted of 4 hamlets and covered an area of 204 acres, while the non-Town Area comprised 14 hamlets and covered an area of 3,562 acres.

The Sri Gandhi Vidyalaya Higher Secondary School in Bachhrawan, founded in 1948, was in 1961 recorded as having a faculty of 26 teachers (all male) and a student body of 658 males and 6 females. The town had a government-run dispensary with 4 beds for males and 2 for females. There was a police force of 2 sub-inspectors, 1 head constable, and 15 constables. Average attendance of the Ram Lila festival was about 1,000 people at the time, while average attendance of the twice-weekly market was 500. The town had the following small industrial establishments then: 6 grain mills, 2 miscellaneous food processing facilities, 3 makers of ice cream, 8 clothing makers, 4 bicycle repair shops, 1 maker of jewellery and/or precious metal items, and 2 places not assignable to any other group.

The first bank in Bachhrawan, a branch of the Co-operative Bank Limited, opened in 1966.

Bachhrawan was returned to town status at the 1981 census. At that time, its main imports were listed as iron, cement, and cloth; the main items manufactured were threshing machines, bullock carts, and drums (which type of drum is not specified); and the main exports were rice, pulses, and wheat.

## Geography

It is located at 26°29′N 81°07′E / 26.48°N 81.12°E / 26.48; 81.12 and has an average elevation of 116 metres (380 feet). It is located 50 km from lucknow, the state capital

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1941 | 3,145 |  |
| 1951 | 3,447 | +9.6% |
| 1961 | Not given |  |
| 1971 | Not given |  |
| 1981 | 7,694 |  |
| 1991 | 9,646 | +25.4% |
| 2001 | 11,893 | +23.3% |
| 2011 | 12,521 | +5.3% |
| Source: 2011 Census of India | | |

According to the 2001 census, Bachhrawan had a population of 11,879. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Bachhrawan has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 57% of the males and 43% of females literate. 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

According to the 2011 census, Bachhrawan has a population of 12,521 people, in 2,359 households. The town's sex ratio is 934 females to every 1000 males; 6,474 of Bachhrawan's residents are male (51.7%) and 6,047 are female (48.3%). The 0-6 age group makes up about 11.5% of the town's population; the sex ratio for this group is 889, which is the second lowest among towns in the district. Members of Scheduled Castes make up 24.77% of the town's population, while no members of Scheduled Tribes were recorded. The town's literacy rate was 82.2% (counting only people age 7 and up); literacy was higher among men and boys (88.2%) than among women and girls (75.8%). The scheduled castes literacy rate is 66.2% (75.07% among men and boys, and 56.98% among women and girls).

In terms of employment, 23.99% of Bachhrawan residents were classified as main workers (i.e. people employed for at least 6 months per year) in 2011. Marginal workers (i.e. people employed for less than 6 months per year) made up 9.02%, and the remaining 66.98% were non-workers. Employment status varied significantly according to gender, with 51.52% of men being either main or marginal workers, compared to only 13.31% of women.

41.10% of Bachhrawan residents live in slum conditions as of 2011. There are 7 slum areas in Bachhrawan, listed from smallest to largest: Hanumanan Tola, Durgan Tola Chamrahia, Uttar Chamratiya, Baagh Tola, Dakshin Chamratiya, Kooti Mohalla, and Qila Mohalla. These range in size from 29 to 241 households and have populations ranging from 149 in Hanumanan Tola to 1,278 in Qila Mohalla. None have access to tap water. The number of flush toilets installed in people's homes ranges from 0 in Durgan Tola Chamrahia to 137 in Kooti Mohalla. All 7 areas are serviced by a mix of open and closed sewers.

## Commerce

Bachhrawan hosts markets twice per week, on Tuesdays and Fridays, at the Girdharaganj bazar. Commerce consists of grain and kirana. Girdharaganj was historically one of the most important markets in the Bachhrawan pargana, and it especially gained importance after the railway came to town. At the turn of the 20th century, it served as an export point for oilseeds, poppy seeds, and rice via the railway station, and there was a large cattle market.

## Villages

Bachhrawan CD block has the following 66 villages:

| Village name | Total land area (hectares) | Population (in 2011) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Kurry | 694.9 | 4,690 |
| Rampur Sudauli | 627.6 | 5,597 |
| Sabji | 257 | 1,875 |
| Isiya | 737.6 | 4,877 |
| Churwa | 322 | 1,661 |
| Dostpur | 161.3 | 1,790 |
| Amawa | 537.6 | 1,990 |
| Kundauli | 536.7 | 3,183 |
| Mahraura | 149.2 | 905 |
| Neemteekar | 612 | 5,414 |
| Saroura | 222 | 1,824 |
| Todarpur | 124 | 728 |
| Malhipur | 114 | 641 |
| Bachhrawan | 1,445 | 9,692 |
| Vinayakpur | 374.8 | 1,374 |
| Sehgon Pashchim Gaon | 580.8 | 4,526 |
| Tamanpur | 475.1 | 2,876 |
| Paliya | 229.3 | 1,015 |
| Sehgon Khanpur | 298.8 | 700 |
| Sehgon Purab Gaon | 549.9 | 2,085 |
| Dund Garh | 241.2 | 1,397 |
| Kasrawan | 436.5 | 3,690 |
| Jahangeerabad | 259.6 | 1,167 |
| Bahadur Nagar | 777.8 | 4,508 |
| Pahrawan | 108 | 449 |
| Rani Khera | 368.8 | 2,042 |
| Haswan | 156.9 | 1,313 |
| Tilenda | 369.2 | 2,414 |
| Ganeshpur Urf Tadipur | 79.6 | 631 |
| Devpuri | 105.3 | 1,188 |
| Bahadurpur | 55 | 650 |
| Jeegoon | 473.6 | 2,560 |
| Bhairampur | 252.1 | 1,108 |
| Padira Khurd | 134 | 970 |
| Ashan Jagatpur | 670.1 | 4,413 |
| Padira Kalan | 208 | 1,289 |
| Uchauri | 348.9 | 1,742 |
| Jalalpur | 171.3 | 1,742 |
| Rasulpur | 212 | 1,907 |
| Gujarpur | 130.9 | 608 |
| Thulendi | 930 | 6,616 |
| Malpur | 435.1 | 2,419 |
| Kalan Garhi | 73.1 | 281 |
| Pahnasa | 488.1 | 2,812 |
| Rampur Mohiuddinpur | 199.1 | 970 |
| Malikpur Saraiya | 168.5 | 839 |
| Bannawa | 781 | 3,264 |
| Maheri | 263.2 | 1,267 |
| Kandawan | 704.4 | 3,194 |
| Umarpur | 737.6 | 2,333 |
| Karanpur | 322 | 4,171 |
| Peerun | 171.3 | 783 |
| Khairhani | 654.6 | 2,466 |
| Neewa | 322.1 | 1,242 |
| Udarhara | 178.8 | 810 |
| Madar Khera | 166.8 | 1,082 |
| Mainahar Katra | 538.8 | 2,197 |
| Saidpur Behta | 101.3 | 612 |
| Darehata | 106.2 | 605 |
| Ichauli | 1,054.5 | 6,977 |
| Sekhpur Samodha | 1,315.1 | 6,931 |
| Rajamau | 755.6 | 5,044 |
| Rain | 380.6 | 2,253 |
| Kalui Khera | 296 | 1,734 |
| Mubarakpur Sapo | 210.3 | 1,640 |
| Pastaur | 590.6 | 2,763 |

## InfoBox

| Bachhrawan | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Map of Bachhrawan CD block | |
| BachhrawanLocation in Uttar Pradesh, IndiaBachhrawanBachhrawan (India) | |
| Coordinates: 26°29′N 81°07′E / 26.48°N 81.12°E / 26.48; 81.12 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District | Raebareli |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.23 km2 (0.86 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 116 m (381 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 12,521 |
| Density | 5,600/km2 (15,000/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Hindi, Urdu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | UP-33 |
| Website | up.gov.in |


title: François-Joseph Talma

abstract: François Joseph Talma was a French actor.

text:
# François-Joseph Talma

**François Joseph Talma** (15 January 1763 – 19 October 1826) was a French actor.

## Life

He was born in Paris. His father, a dentist, moved to London, and saw that his son received a good English education. François Joseph returned to Paris, where for a year and a half he himself practised dentistry. His predilection for the stage was cultivated in amateur theatricals, and on 21 November 1787 he made his debut at the Comédie-Française as Seide in Voltaire's *Mahomet*. His efforts from the first won approval, but for a considerable time he only obtained secondary parts.

It was as a juvenile lead that he first came to prominence, and he only gradually achieved his unrivalled position as the exponent of strong and concentrated passion. Talma was among the earliest advocates of realism in scenery and costume, being aided by his friend, the painter Jacques-Louis David. His first step in this direction was to appear in the small role of Proculus in Voltaire's *Brutus*, with a toga and short Roman haircut, much to the surprise of an audience accustomed to 18th century costume on stage, regardless of whether it suited the part played. He is often credited with having introduced the male Neoclassical hairstyle.

Talma possessed the physical gifts to enable him to excel, a striking appearance and a voice of beauty and power, which he gradually trained to perfection. At first somewhat stilted and monotonous in his manner, he came to be regarded as a model of simplicity. Talma married Julie Carreau, a rich and talented lady whose salon attracted the principal Girondists. The actor was an intimate friend of Napoleon, who delighted in his society - they knew each other even when the latter was an obscure officer in the French Army \- and even, on his return from Elba, forgave him for performing before Louis XVIII. In 1808 the emperor had taken him to Erfurt and made him play the *Mort de Cesar* to a company of crowned heads. Five years later he took him to Dresden.

Talma was also a friend of Joseph Chénier, Georges Danton, Camille Desmoulins and other revolutionists. It was in Chenier's anti-monarchical *Charles IX*, produced on 4 November 1789, that a prophetic couplet on the destruction of the Bastille made the house burst into a salvo of applause, led by Mirabeau. This play was responsible for the political dissensions in the Comédie-Française which resulted in the establishment, under Talma, of a new theatre.

By the 1820s, Talma was established as "the dominant personality at the Comédie-Française, where he alone could still successfully impose classical tragedy upon the public". It was at this time that a young Alexandre Dumas, on one of his first visits to Paris, was inspired by a performance by Talma.

Talma made his last appearance on 11 June 1826 as Charles VI in Delaville's tragedy, and he died in Paris on 19 October of that year.

In *The Case of Wagner*, Nietzsche references one of Talma's dictums while derisively characterizing Wagner as an actor, and not a musician:

> One is an actor by virtue of being ahead of mankind in one insight: what is meant to have the effect of truth must not be true. The proposition was formulated by Talma; it contains the whole psychology of the actor; it also contains--we need not doubt it--his morality. Wagner's music is never true.
> But *it is taken for true*; and thus it is in order.

## InfoBox

| François-Joseph Talma | |
| --- | --- |
| 1823 portrait of Talma by Aimée Perlet | |
| Born | (1763-01-15)15 January 1763
Paris, France |
| Died | 19 October 1826(1826-10-19) (aged 63)
Paris, France |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 17871826 |


# Australia women's cricket team in New Zealand in 1985–86

The Australia women's national cricket team toured New Zealand in January 1986. They played against New Zealand in three One Day Internationals, which were competed for the Rose Bowl. The series was drawn 1–1 after the final match ended as a no result due to rain.

## Squads

| New Zealand | Australia |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |

## WODI Series

### 1st ODI

### 2nd ODI

### 3rd ODI

* Australia Women won the toss and elected to field.
* No further play possible due to rain.

## InfoBox

| Australia women's cricket team in New Zealand in 1985–86 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
|  | New Zealand | Australia |
| Dates | 20 – 25 January 1986 | | |
| Captains | Lesley Murdoch | Lyn Larsen |
| One Day International series | | | |
| Results | 3-match series drawn 1–1 | | |
| Most runs | Jackie Clark (176) | Belinda Haggett (83) |
| Most wickets | Sue Brown (4) | Lyn Fullston (4) |