title: 1948 Albi Grand Prix

abstract: The 10th Grand Prix de l'Albigeois was a Formula One motor race held on 29 August 1948 at Les Planques circuit in Albi in the Tarn department of France. The race was held over two heats of 17 laps, with the winner being decided by aggregate time. The winner was Luigi Villoresi in a Maserati 4CLT/48; he also set fastest qualifying time, set fastest lap and won both heats by a comfortable margin. His aggregate time was over 1 minute and 40 seconds ahead of second placed Philippe Étancelin in a Talbot-Lago T26C. Louis Rosier was third in another T26C.

text:
# 1948 Albi Grand Prix

The **10th Grand Prix de l'Albigeois** was a Formula One motor race held on 29 August 1948 at Les Planques circuit in Albi in the Tarn department of France. The race was held over two heats of 17 laps, with the winner being decided by aggregate time.

The winner was Luigi Villoresi in a Maserati 4CLT/48; he also set fastest qualifying time, set fastest lap and won both heats by a comfortable margin. His aggregate time was over 1 minute and 40 seconds ahead of second placed Philippe Étancelin in a Talbot-Lago T26C. Louis Rosier was third in another T26C.

## Results

### Qualifying

| Pos. | No. | Driver | Entrant | Car | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 10 | Luigi Villoresi | Scuderia Ambrosiana | Maserati 4CLT/48 | 3:14.2 |
| 2 | 24 | Philippe Étancelin | Philippe Étancelin | Talbot-Lago T26C | 3:20.2 |
| 3 | 14 | Leslie Brooke | Scuderia Ambrosiana | Maserati 4CLT/48 | 3:21.3 |
| 4 | 4 | Yves Giraud-Cabantous | Ecurie France | Talbot-Lago T26C | 3:21.5 |
| 5 | 30 | "Raph" | Ecurie Mundia Course | Talbot-Lago T26C | 3:21.8 |
| 6 | 2 | Louis Chiron | Ecurie France | Talbot-Lago T26C | 3:22.4 |
| 7 | 32 | Gianfranco Comotti | Gianfranco Comotti | Talbot-Lago T26C | 3:24.1 |
| 8 | 8 | Louis Rosier | Ecurie Rosier | Talbot-Lago T26C | 3:28.5 |
| 9 | 36 | Nello Pagani | Enrico Plate | Maserati 4CL | 3:29.5 |
| 10 | 22 | Salvador Fabregas | Scuderia Auto Spagnola | Maserati 4CL | 3:30.7 |
| 11 | 48 | Igor Troubetzkoy | Scuderia Inter | Ferrari 166 | 3:31.8 |
| 12 | 38 | Pierre Levegh | Pierre Levegh | Talbot-Lago T26C | 3:32.0 |
| 13 | 50 | Ferdinando Righetti | Scuderia Inter | Ferrari 166 | 3:32.8 |
| 14 | 28 | Bobbie Baird | Bobbie Baird | Emeryson-Duesenberg | 3:36.3 |
| 15 | 26 | Henri Louveau | Ecurie Geneve | Maserati 4CM | 3:36.3 |
| 16 | 42 | Charles Pozzi | Ecurie Lutetia | Talbot-Lago T26C | 3:37.8 |
| 17 | 18 | Juan Jover | Scuderia Auto Spagnola | Maserati 4CL | 3:39.4 |
| 18 | 40 | Eugene Chaboud | Ecurie Lutetia | Delahaye 135S | 3:43.2 |
| 19 | 34 | Emmanuel de Graffenried | Enrico Plate | Maserati 4CL | 3:44.2 |
| 20 | 46 | Pierre Meyrat | Pierre Meyrat | Delahaye 135S | 3:44.6 |
| 21 | 12 | B. Bira | Prince Chula | Maserati 4CL | 3:45.3 |
| 22 | 20 | Chico Godia | Scuderia Auto Spagnola | Maserati 4CL | 3:52.5 |
| 23 | 44 | Antonio Branca | Antonio Branca | Maserati 4CL | 4:08.3 |
|

### Aggregate Result

| Pos. | No. | Driver | Car | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 8 | Luigi Villoresi | Maserati | 1:52:57.9 |
| 2 | 24 | Philippe Étancelin | Maserati | +2:39.0 |
| 3 | 8 | Louis Rosier | Talbot-Lago | +1 lap |
| 4 | 50 | Nando Righetti | Ferrari | +2 laps |
| 5 | 40 | Eugène Chaboud | Delahaye | +3 laps |
| 6 | 20 | Francesco Godia | Maserati | +4 laps |
| 7 | 32 | Gianfranco Comotti | Talbot-Lago | +4 laps |
| 8 | 46 | Pierre Meyrat | Delahaye | +4 laps |
| 9 | 38 | Pierre Levegh | Talbot-Lago | +5 laps |
| 10 | 2 | Louis Chiron | Talbot-Lago | +7 laps |
| 11 | 10 | Leslie Brooke | Maserati | +8 laps |
| 12 | 26 | Henri Louveau | Maserati | +8 laps |
| Ret. | 30 | "Raph" | Talbot-Lago | 24 laps, accident |
| Ret. | 42 | Charles Pozzi | Talbot-Lago | 19 laps |
| Ret. | 48 | Igor Troubetzkoy | Ferrari | 17 laps, accident |
| Ret. | 34 | Emmanuel de Graffenried | Maserati | 16 laps |
| Ret. | 12 | B. Bira | Maserati | 11 laps, piston |
| Ret. | 44 | Antonio Branca | Maserati | 10 laps |
| Ret. | 22 | Salvador Fabregas | Maserati | 9 laps, suspension |
| Ret. | 28 | Bobbie Baird | Emeryson-Duesenberg | 2 laps, magneto |
| Ret. | 4 | Yves Giraud-Cabantous | Talbot-Lago | 1 lap, gearbox |
| Ret. | 18 | Juan Jover | Maserati | 0 laps |
| Ret. | 36 | Nello Pagani | Maserati | 0 laps, oil pipe |
|

## InfoBox

| 1948 Albi Grand Prix | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Circuit des Planques | | | |
| Race details | | | |
| Date | 29 August 1948 | | |
| Official name | X Grand Prix de l'Albigeois | | |
| Location | Albi, France | | |
| Course | Circuit Les Planques | | |
| Course length | 8.880 km (5.518 mi) | | |
| Distance | 34 laps, 301.94 km (187.62 mi) | | |
| Pole position | | | |
| Driver |  | Maserati |
| Time | 3:14.2 | | |
| Fastest lap | | | |
| Driver | Luigi Villoresi | Maserati |
| Time | 3:10.1 | | |
| Podium | | | |
| First |  | Maserati |
| Second |  | Talbot-Lago |
| Third |  | Talbot-Lago |


title: 1970 Basque Pelota World Championships

abstract: The 1970 Basque Pelota World Championships were the 6th edition of the Basque Pelota World Championships organized by the FIPV.

text:
# 1970 Basque Pelota World Championships

The **1970 Basque Pelota World Championships** were the 6th edition of the Basque Pelota World Championships organized by the FIPV.

## Participating nations

## Events

A total of 12 events were disputed, in 4 playing areas.

**Trinquete**, 5 events disputed

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hand-pelota (individual) | Artola | Echeveste | R. Castillo |
| Hand-pelota (pairs) | Laduche, Harocarene | Tranche, Balda | Carli, A. Castillo |
| Paleta goma (men's) | A. Olite, J. Utge | J. Bosco, J. Valverde | Haramboure, Hirigoyen |
| Paleta cuero | Bernal, Iroldi | Sether, Bizzozero | Aguirre, Vega |
| Xare | R. Elias, R. Bizzozero | Maz Ayala, Alfieri | Labat, Hourregue |
|

**Fronton (30 m)**, 2 events disputed

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Paleta goma (men's) | J. Becerra, Rendon | Armas, Olite | Bernal, Bell |
| Frontenis (men's) | Loaiza, Hernando | Irigay, Lersundi | Olite, Armas |
|

**Fronton (36 m)**, 4 events disputed

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hand-pelota (individual) | Maiz | Minondo | F. Medina |
| Hand-pelota (pairs) | Sacristan, Iruzubieta | Mougica, Sallaberry | Izquierdo, Tovar |
| Paleta cuero | Ancizu, Reizabal | Sether, Utge | Berrotaran, Clairacq |
| Pala corta | Mendiluce, Llorca | Berrotaran, Millet | Salazar, Sanchez |
|

**Fronton (54 m)**, 1 event disputed

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Jai alai | Camy, Furneau | E. Mirapeix, J. M. Mirapeix | Zubikarai, Hamui |
|

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Spain (host nation) | 4 | 4 | 1 | 9 |
| 2 | France | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 |
| 3 | Argentina | 2 | 3 | 1 | 6 |
| 4 | Mexico | 2 | 0 | 4 | 6 |
| 5 | Uruguay | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |

## InfoBox

1970 Basque Pelota World Championships
| Tournament poster | |
| --- | --- |
| Tournament information | |
| Location | San Sebastián, Spain |
| Dates | 18–27 September |
| Administrator | FIPV |
| Teams | 5+ |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Spain |
| 1st runners-up | France |
| 2nd runners-up | Argentina |
|  | |


title: 2003 Ottawa Renegades season

abstract: The 2003 Ottawa Renegades season was the second season for the team in the Canadian Football League and second overall. The Renegades finished the season with an improved 7–11 record, but still failed to make the playoffs.

text:
# 2003 Ottawa Renegades season

The **2003 Ottawa Renegades season** was the second season for the team in the Canadian Football League and second overall. The Renegades finished the season with an improved 7–11 record, but still failed to make the playoffs.

## Offseason

### CFL Draft

| Round | Pick | Player | Position | School |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 | 13 | Trevor Kine | Tackle | New Mexico State |
| 2 | 16 | Louis Hobson | Defensive line | Stanford |
| 2 | 17 | Israel Idonije | Defensive end | Manitoba |
| 3 | 19 | Patrick Kabongo | Defensive tackle | Nebraska |
| 5 | 36 | Marc Parenteau | Guard | Boston College |
| 6 | 45 | Todd Seely | Linebacker | Ottawa |

## Preseason

| Game | Date | Opponent | Results | | Venue | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Score | Record | | |
| A | Fri, May 30 | vs. Montreal Alouettes | W 21–19 | 1–0 | Frank Clair Stadium | 22,802 |
| B | Sat, June 7 | at Montreal Alouettes | L 23–54 | 1–1 | PEPS Stadium | 10,358 |

## Regular season

### Season Standings

**East Division**
| Team | GP | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Montreal Alouettes** | 18 | 13 | 5 | 0 | 562 | 409 | 26 |
| **Toronto Argonauts** | 18 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 473 | 433 | 18 |
| Ottawa Renegades | 18 | 7 | 11 | 0 | 467 | 581 | 14 |
| Hamilton Tiger-Cats | 18 | 1 | 17 | 0 | 293 | 583 | 2 |

### Season schedule

| Week | Game | Date | Opponent | Results | | Venue | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Score | Record | | |
| 1 | 1 | Fri, June 20 | at Hamilton Tiger-Cats | W 27–17 | 1–0 | Ivor Wynne Stadium | 15,318 |
| 2 | 2 | Fri, June 27 | vs. Winnipeg Blue Bombers | L 32–34 | 1–1 | Frank Clair Stadium | 21,823 |
| 3 | 3 | Tue, July 1 | at Calgary Stampeders | L 12–32 | 1–2 | McMahon Stadium | 32,028 |
| 4 | 4 | Thu, July 10 | vs. Toronto Argonauts | 34–32 | 2–2 | Frank Clair Stadium | 22,242 |
| 5 | 5 | Fri, July 18 | vs. BC Lions | L 14–48 | 2–3 | Frank Clair Stadium | 23,800 |
| 6 | 6 | Thu, July 24 | at BC Lions | L 19–37 | 2–4 | BC Place Stadium | 21,554 |
| 7 | 7 | Thu, July 31 | vs. Edmonton Eskimos | L 26–31 | 2–5 | Frank Clair Stadium | 21,200 |
| 8 | 8 | Thu, Aug 7 | vs. Saskatchewan Roughriders | W 29–24 | 3–5 | Frank Clair Stadium | 21,817 |
| 9 | 9 | Tue, Aug 12 | at Winnipeg Blue Bombers | L 29–34 | 3–6 | Canad Inns Stadium | 26,232 |
| 9 | 10 | Sun, Aug 17 | at Saskatchewan Roughriders | L 41–51 | 3–7 | Taylor Field | 26,772 |
| 10 | *Bye* | | | | | | |
| 11 | 11 | Fri, Aug 29 | vs. Montreal Alouettes | W 43–38 | 4–7 | Frank Clair Stadium | 24,583 |
| 12 | 12 | Sat, Sept 6 | vs. Hamilton Tiger-Cats | W 45–28 | 5–7 | Frank Clair Stadium | 26,588 |
| 13 | 13 | Sun, Sept 14 | at Montreal Alouettes | L 10–30 | 5–8 | Molson Stadium | 20,202 |
| 14 | 14 | Fri, Sept 19 | at Edmonton Eskimos | L 33–45 | 5–9 | Commonwealth Stadium | 35,264 |
| 15 | 15 | Fri, Sept 26 | vs. Calgary Stampeders | W 26–21 | 6–9 | Frank Clair Stadium | 23,212 |
| 16 | 16 | Sat, Oct 4 | at Toronto Argonauts | L 18–27 | 6–10 | SkyDome | 16,431 |
| 17 | 17 | Mon, Oct 13 | vs. Toronto Argonauts | W 21–15 | 7–10 | Frank Clair Stadium | 25,133 |
| 18 | *Bye* | | | | | | |
| 19 | 18 | Sun, Oct 26 | at Montreal Alouettes | L 17–27 | 7–11 | Molson Stadium | 20,202 |

## InfoBox

| 2003 Ottawa Renegades season | |
| --- | --- |
| Head coach | Joe Paopao |
| Home field | Frank Clair Stadium |
| Results | |
| Record | **7–11** |
| Division place | **3rd, East** |
| Playoff finish | *did not qualify* |
| Uniform | |
|  | |
|


title: Falsimargarita imperialis

abstract: Falsimargarita imperialis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Calliostomatidae within the superfamily Trochoidea, the top snails, turban snails and their allies.

text:
# Falsimargarita imperialis

***Falsimargarita imperialis*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Calliostomatidae within the superfamily Trochoidea, the top snails, turban snails and their allies.

## InfoBox

| *Falsimargarita imperialis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Vetigastropoda |
| Order: | Trochida |
| Superfamily: | Trochoidea |
| Family: | Calliostomatidae |
| Genus: | *Falsimargarita* |
| Species: | ***F. imperialis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Falsimargarita imperialis***<br>(Simone & Birman, 2006) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Margarites imperialis* Simone & Birman, 2006 | |


title: Ashwani Mahajan

abstract: Ashwani Mahajan is the National Co-Convener of Swadeshi Jagaran Manch (SJM), an Indian political and cultural organisation. SJM is affiliated with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.

text:
# Ashwani Mahajan

**Ashwani Mahajan** is the National Co-Convener of Swadeshi Jagaran Manch (SJM), an Indian political and cultural organisation. SJM is affiliated with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.

## Biography

Mahajan worked as an author and columnist. He is professor of economics at PGDAV College, University of Delhi. He is the Chief Editor of *Journal of Contemporary Indian Polity and Economy* since 2011. Mahajan is also a visiting professor and research guide at Pacific University, Udaipur and Mewar University. He works as a researcher and activist on World Trade Organization (WTO) and other international trade agreements, he has attended four ministerial conferences of WTO held at Geneva, Bali, Nairobi and Buenos Aires, as representative of Swadeshi Jagran Foundation, which is an accredited NGO with WTO.

## Author

Mahajan is a writer on the economy of India. In 2014, he co-authored *Datt & Sundaram's Indian Economy*. Mahajan has published a number of articles in various national dailies and periodicals including Deccan Herald, The Statesman, Pioneer, The Excelsior, The Economic Times, Business Today, Organiser, Dainik Jagran (Hindi), Rajasthan Patrika (Hindi), Amar Ujala (Hindi) and Hindustan (Hindi). He has also published a number of research articles journals including *Economic and Political Weekly*, Mainstream, Indian Economic and Almanac.

### Publications

* *Datt & Sundharam Indian Economy* with Gaurav Datt, (2014, revised 2016, S. Chand Group) ISBN 9789352531295
* *Bhartiya Arthvyavastha* with Gaurav Datt, (2015, S. Chand Publishing, in Hindi) ISBN 9789385676444

## Politics

### Policy intervention

As National Co-Convener of Swadeshi Jagran Manch he has been instrumental changing in economic policies. His policy interventions include withdrawal of controversial ordinance on land acquisition, getting field trials of GM crops policy revisited, FDI policy of the government especially retail trade and e-commerce.

### Views on development

A critique of globalisation, he believes that GDP growth-centric philosophy of development does not suit India. This model talks about the last men in the queue and favours integrating growth with employment generation.

He has been critical of foreign direct investment and ready to use therapeutic foods. Mahajan is a staunch opponent of genetically modified (GM) seeds, has been running a campaign against permission to new GM seeds in India.

## InfoBox

| Dr. Ashwani Mahajan | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| National Co-Convenor
Swadeshi Jagaran Manch | |
| Preceded by | Muralidhar Rao |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Residence(s) | New Delhi, India |
| Alma mater | Ramjas College, New Delhi (B.A.)
Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi(M.A.) |
| Occupation | Economist, Professor |
|  | |


title: 1958 NCAA Track and Field Championships

abstract: The 1958 NCAA Track and Field Championships were contested June 13−14 at the 37th annual NCAA-sanctioned track meet to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate track and field events in the United States. This year's meet was hosted by the University of California at Edwards Stadium in Berkeley. USC won the team national championship, the Trojans' 20th team title in program history.

text:
# 1958 NCAA Track and Field Championships

The **1958 NCAA Track and Field Championships** were contested June 13−14 at the 37th annual NCAA-sanctioned track meet to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate track and field events in the United States. This year's meet was hosted by the University of California at Edwards Stadium in Berkeley.

USC won the team national championship, the Trojans' 20th team title in program history.

## Team Result

* **Note:** Top 10 only
* **(H)** = Hosts

| Rank | Team | Points |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Southern California** | **4867** |
|  | Kansas | 4034 |
|  | Villanova | 3334 |
| 4 | San José State | 2037 |
| 5 | Winston-Salem Teachers | 20 |
| 6 | Illinois | 1734 |
| 7 | Ohio State | 17 |
| 8 | Nebraska
Utah State | 14 |
| 9 | California **(H)** | 13 |
| 10 | Indiana
Manhattan
Texas
Western Michigan | 12 |

## InfoBox

| 1958 NCAA Track and Field Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | June 13−14, 1958 |
| Host city | Berkeley, California |
| Venue | Edwards Stadium
University of California, Berkeley |
| 1957 1959 | |


title: Antonio Correr (bishop)

abstract: Antonio Correr, O.P. (1378–1445) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Ceneda (1409–1445) and Bishop of Asolo (1406–1409).

text:
# Antonio Correr (bishop)

**Antonio Correr, O.P.** (1378–1445) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Ceneda (1409–1445) and Bishop of Asolo (1406–1409).

## Biography

Antonio Correr was born in 1378 and ordained a priest in the Order of Preachers. On 24 May 1406, he was appointed Bishop of Asolo by Pope Innocent VII. On 15 Jul 1409, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Gregory XII as Bishop of Ceneda. He served as Bishop of Ceneda until his death in 1445. While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of Antonio Correr, Bishop of Modon (1407).

* Cheney, David M. "Diocese of Vittorio Veneto (Ceneda)". *Catholic-Hierarchy.org*. Retrieved June 16, 2018. (for Chronology of Bishops) \[*self-published*\]
* Chow, Gabriel. "Diocese of Vittorio Veneto (Ceneda)(Italy)". *GCatholic.org*. Retrieved June 16, 2018. (for Chronology of Bishops) \[*self-published*\]

## InfoBox

| Most Reverend
Antonio Correr | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Ceneda | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Diocese | Diocese of Ceneda |
| In office | 1409–1445 |
| Predecessor | Pietro Marcelli |
| Successor | Pietro Leon |
| Previous post(s) | Bishop of Asolo (1406–1409) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1378 |
| Died | 1445 (age 67)
Ceneda, Italy |


title: Araz Zərgar

abstract: Araz Zərgar is a village and municipality in the Fuzuli District of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 3,261.

text:
# Araz Zərgar

**Araz Zərgar** (also, **Araz Zərgər**, **Araz Zərkar**, **Araz Zargyar**, and **Zargyar Vtoroye**) is a village and municipality in the Fuzuli District of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 3,261.

## InfoBox

| Araz Zərgar | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Araz ZərgarAraz Zərgar | |
| Coordinates: 39°34′07″N 47°37′18″E / 39.56861°N 47.62167°E / 39.56861; 47.62167 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| District | Fuzuli |
| Elevation | 84 m (276 ft) |
| Population | |
| Total | 3,261 |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |


title: Anthidium pontis

abstract: Anthidium pontis is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter, carder, or mason bees.

text:
# Anthidium pontis

***Anthidium pontis*** is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae, the leaf-cutter, carder, or mason bees.

## Synonyms

Synonyms for this species include:

* *Anthidium karossense* Mavromoustakis, 1940
* *Anthidium (Pontanthidium) pontis* Cockerell, 1933

## InfoBox

| *Anthidium pontis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Megachilidae |
| Genus: | *Anthidium* |
| Species: | ***A. pontis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Anthidium pontis***<br>Cockerell, 1933 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| see text | |


title: 2004 E3 Prijs Vlaanderen

abstract: The 2004 E3 Prijs Vlaanderen was the 47th edition of the E3 Harelbeke cycle race and was held on 27 March 2004. The race started and finished in Harelbeke. The race was won by Tom Boonen of the Quick-Step team.

text:
# 2004 E3 Prijs Vlaanderen

The **2004 E3 Prijs Vlaanderen** was the 47th edition of the E3 Harelbeke cycle race and was held on 27 March 2004. The race started and finished in Harelbeke. The race was won by Tom Boonen of the Quick-Step team.

## General classification

| **Final general classification**  Rank Rider Team Time  1  Tom Boonen (BEL) Quick-Step–Davitamon 4h 31' 00"  2  Jaan Kirsipuu (EST) AG2R Prévoyance \+ 0"  3  Andris Naudužs (LAT) De Nardi–Piemme Telekom \+ 0"  4  Steven de Jongh (NED) Rabobank \+ 0"  5  Marcus Ljungqvist (SWE) Alessio–Bianchi \+ 0"  6  Gabriele Balducci (ITA) Saeco \+ 0"  7  Andreas Klier (GER) T-Mobile Team \+ 0"  8  Roger Hammond (GBR) Mr. Bookmaker–Palmans–Collstrop \+ 0"  9  Léon van Bon (NED) Lotto–Domo \+ 0"  10  Fabio Baldato (ITA) Alessio–Bianchi \+ 0" |
| --- |

## InfoBox

2004 E3 Prijs Vlaanderen
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 27 March 2004 |
| Stages | 1 |
| Distance | 195 km (121.2 mi) |
| Winning time | 4h 31' 00" |
| Results | |
| Winner  Tom Boonen (BEL)  (Quick-Step–Davitamon)  Second  Jaan Kirsipuu (EST)  (AG2R Prévoyance)  Third  Andris Naudužs (LAT)  (De Nardi–Piemme Telekom) | |
|


title: 19th Route Army

abstract: 19th Route Army was an army in the Republic of China led by General Cai Tingkai. It gained a good reputation among Chinese for fighting the Japanese in Shanghai in the January 28 Incident in 1932. In 1933-34, it was the main force in the Fuijan Rebellion, which opposed Chiang Kai-shek and unsuccessfully sought an alliance with the Chinese communists in the Jiangxi Soviet. A "Route Army' was a type of military organization used in the Chinese Republic. It usually exercised command over two or more Corps or a large number of Divisions or Independent Brigades.

text:
# 19th Route Army

**19th Route Army** (simplified Chinese: 十九路军; traditional Chinese: 十九路軍; pinyin: *Shíjiǔ lù jūn*) was an army in the Republic of China led by General Cai Tingkai. It gained a good reputation among Chinese for fighting the Japanese in Shanghai in the January 28 Incident in 1932. In 1933-34, it was the main force in the Fuijan Rebellion, which opposed Chiang Kai-shek and unsuccessfully sought an alliance with the Chinese communists in the Jiangxi Soviet.

A "Route Army' was a type of military organization used in the Chinese Republic. It usually exercised command over two or more Corps or a large number of Divisions or Independent Brigades.

## Sources


title: 2003 Orkney Islands Council election

abstract: Elections to the Orkney Islands Council were held on 1 May 2003 as part of Scottish local elections. Only independent candidates contested the election. Nine seats were uncontested.

text:
# 2003 Orkney Islands Council election

**Elections to the Orkney Islands Council** were held on 1 May 2003 as part of Scottish local elections. Only independent candidates contested the election. Nine seats were uncontested.

## Election results

Orkney Islands Council election, 2003
| Party | | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | **21** | **0** | **0** | **0** | **100.0** | **100.0** | **5,075** | **0.0** |

## Ward results

Pickaquoy
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Allan Leslie** | **241** | **70.3%** |
|  | Independent | J Johnston | 102 | 29.7% |
| Majority | | | 139 | 40.6% |
|  | Independent **hold** | | | |

Berstane & Work
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Mike Drever (incumbent)** | **unopposed** | **unopposed** |
| Majority | | | unopposed | unopposed |
|  | Independent **hold** | | | |

Warrenfield
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Roderick McLeod (Incumbent)** | **199** | **55.4%** |
|  | Independent | N Craigie | 160 | 44.6% |
| Majority | | | 39 | 10.8% |
|  | Independent **hold** | | | |

Lynnfield
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **A. Taylor (incumbent)** | **unopposed** | **unopposed** |
| Majority | | | unopposed | unopposed |
|  | Independent **hold** | | | |

Brandyquoy
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **R. Sclater (incumbent)** | **unopposed** | **unopposed** |
| Majority | | | unopposed | unopposed |
|  | Independent **hold** | | | |

Papdale
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Janice Annal (incumbent)** | **unopposed** | **unopposed** |
| Majority | | | unopposed | unopposed |
|  | Independent **hold** | | | |

Scapa & Kirkwall South West
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Ian MacDonald** | **215** | **53.1%** |
|  | Independent | Hugh Halcro-Johnston (Incumbent) | 190 | 46.9% |
| Majority | | | 25 | 6.2% |
|  | Independent **hold** | | | |

Shapinsay & Kirkwall Harbour
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **J Sinclair (incumbent)** | **unopposed** | **unopposed** |
| Majority | | | unopposed | unopposed |
|  | Independent **hold** | | | |

Stromness North
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **James Stockan** | **327** | **72.8%** |
|  | Independent | J Brown (Incumbent) | 122 | 27.2% |
| Majority | | | 205 | 45.6% |
|  | Independent **hold** | | | |

Stromness South, Graemsay & North Hoy
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **A Hutchison** | **207** | **53.5%** |
|  | Independent | John Eccles | 149 | 38.5% |
|  | Independent | Terry Thomson | 31 | 8.0% |
| Majority | | | 58 | 15.0% |
|  | Independent **hold** | | | |

Orphir, Walls & Flotta
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **K Sutherland (Incumbent)** | **183** | **37.6%** |
|  | Independent | P Hall | 152 | 31.2% |
|  | Independent | J Flett | 102 | 20.9% |
|  | Independent | I McFedries | 50 | 10.3% |
| Majority | | | 31 | 6.4% |
|  | Independent **hold** | | | |

Firth & Sunnybrae
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Alistair Gordon** | **249** | **53.0%** |
|  | Independent | Eoin Scott (Incumbent) | 221 | 47.0% |
| Majority | | | 28 | 6.0% |
|  | Independent **hold** | | | |

Harray & Stenness
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **J Hamilton (Incumbent)** | **331** | **84.7%** |
|  | Independent | A Shearer | 60 | 15.3% |
| Majority | | | 271 | 69.4% |
|  | Independent **hold** | | | |

Evie, Rendall, Rousay, Egilsay & Wyre
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Jimmy Moar (Incumbent)** | **270** | **56.1%** |
|  | Independent | J Hinckley | 211 | 43.9% |
| Majority | | | 59 | 12.1% |
|  | Independent **hold** | | | |

Birsay & Dounby
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **K Johnson (incumbent)** | **unopposed** | **unopposed** |
| Majority | | | unopposed | unopposed |
|  | Independent **hold** | | | |

Sandwick & Stromness Landward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Ian Johnstone** | **226** | **47.3%** |
|  | Independent | Freddie Groundwater (Incumbent) | 190 | 39.7% |
|  | Independent | Mark Jones | 62 | 13.0% |
| Majority | | | 36 | 7.6% |
|  | Independent **hold** | | | |

St Andrews, Deerness & Wideford
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Jim Foubister (Incumbent)** | **310** | **69.8%** |
|  | Independent | K Foubister | 134 | 30.2% |
| Majority | | | 176 | 39.6% |
|  | Independent **hold** | | | |

Holm & Burray
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Andrew Drever** | **unopposed** | **unopposed** |
| Majority | | | unopposed | unopposed |
|  | Independent **hold** | | | |

South Ronaldsay
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **C Annal (Incumbent)** | **209** | **54.9%** |
|  | Independent | R Millar | 172 | 45.1% |
| Majority | | | 176 | 39.6% |
|  | Independent **hold** | | | |

Sanday, North Ronaldsay & Stronsay
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **S Scott (Incumbent)** | **unopposed** | **unopposed** |
| Majority | | | unopposed | unopposed |
|  | Independent **hold** | | | |

Papa Westray, Westray & Eday
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Stephen Hagan (Incumbent)** | **unopposed** | **unopposed** |
| Majority | | | unopposed | unopposed |
|  | Independent **hold** | | | |

1. Bochel & Denver. "Scottish Council Elections 2003: Results and Statistics" (PDF).

## InfoBox

2003 Orkney Islands Council election
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| ---  All 21 seats to Orkney Islands Council
11 seats needed for a majority | |
| First party   Leader Hugh Halcro-Johnston   Party Independent   Leader's seat Scapa and Kirkwall South West
*(defeated)*   Last election *21 seats, 100.0%*   Seats before ***21***   Seats won **21**   Seat change **0**   Popular vote **5,075**   Percentage **100.0%**   Swing **0.0%** | |
| ---  **Council Convener before election**
Hugh Halcro-Johnston
Independent **Council Convener after election**
Stephen Hagan
Independent | |


abstract: The 1988–89 season of the Venezuelan Primera División, the top category of Venezuelan football, was played by 16 teams. The national champions were Mineros de Guayana.

text:
# 1988–89 Venezuelan Primera División season

The **1988–89 season of the Venezuelan Primera División**, the top category of Venezuelan football, was played by 16 teams. The national champions were Mineros de Guayana.

## Results

### Standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Mineros de Guayana | 30 | 18 | 10 | 2 | 68 | 26 | +42 | 46 |
| 2 | Pepeganga Margarita | 30 | 19 | 7 | 4 | 54 | 24 | +30 | 45 |
| 3 | Marítimo | 30 | 17 | 7 | 6 | 40 | 23 | +17 | 41 |
| 4 | Atlético Zamora | 30 | 13 | 10 | 7 | 45 | 20 | +25 | 36 |
| 5 | Unión Atlético Táchira | 30 | 13 | 9 | 8 | 68 | 34 | +34 | 35 |
| 6 | Universidad de Los Andes | 30 | 13 | 8 | 9 | 38 | 40 | 2 | 34 |
| 7 | Minervén | 30 | 9 | 15 | 6 | 37 | 32 | +5 | 33 |
| 8 | Caracas | 30 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 51 | 39 | +12 | 32 |
| 9 | Portuguesa | 30 | 12 | 6 | 12 | 36 | 25 | +11 | 30 |
| 10 | Deportivo Italia | 30 | 11 | 7 | 12 | 37 | 40 | 3 | 29 |
| 11 | Estudiantes de Mérida | 30 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 39 | 32 | +7 | 28 |
| 12 | Unión Deportivo Lara | 30 | 10 | 7 | 13 | 35 | 37 | 2 | 27 |
| 13 | Deportivo Galicia | 30 | 5 | 14 | 11 | 25 | 40 | 15 | 24 |
| 14 | Atlético Anzoátegui | 30 | 7 | 8 | 15 | 20 | 45 | 25 | 22 |
| 15 | Arroceros de Calabozo | 30 | 2 | 5 | 23 | 26 | 90 | 64 | 9 |
| 16 | Peninsulares de Araya | 30 | 2 | 5 | 23 | 21 | 83 | 62 | 9 |

Source:

## InfoBox

Venezuelan Primera División
| Season | 1988–89 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Mineros de Guayana (1st title) |
| 1987–88 1989–90 | |


title: 1958 NCAA Wrestling Championship

text:
# 1958 NCAA Wrestling Championship

The 1958 NCAA Wrestling Championships were the 28th NCAA wrestling championships to be held. University of Wyoming hosted the tournament at Laramie, Wyoming.

Oklahoma State took home the team championship with 77 points and having two individual champions

Dick Delgado of Oklahoma was named the Most Outstanding Wrestler.

## Team results

| Rank | School | Points |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Oklahoma State | 77 |
| 2 | Iowa State | 62 |
| 3 | Oklahoma | 50 |
| 4 | Michigan State | 35 |
| 5 | Iowa | 26 |
| 6 | Illinois | 22 |
| T-7 | Wyoming | 16 |
| T-7 | Cornell | 16 |
| 9 | Pittsburgh | 15 |
| T-10 | Minnesota State | 13 |
| T-10 | Lehigh | 13 |

## Individual finals

| Weight class | Championship match (champion in boldface) |
| --- | --- |
| 115 lbs | **Dick Delgado**, Oklahoma DEC Bob Taylor, Oklahoma State, 8-3 |
| 123 lbs | **Paul Powell**, Pittsburgh DEC Bob Herald, Oklahoma State, 11-4 |
| 130 lbs | **Les Anderson**, Iowa State DEC Max Pearson, Michigan, 7-5 |
| 137 lbs | **Paul Aubrey**, Oklahoma DEC Shelby Wilson, Oklahoma State, 11-9 |
| 147 lbs | **Ron Gray**, Iowa State DEC Dick Vincent, Cornell, 6-2 |
| 157 lbs | **Dick Beattie**, Oklahoma State RD Dale Ketelsen, Iowa State, 1-1, 1-1 |
| 167 lbs | **Duane Murty**, Oklahoma State DEC Dick Ballinger, Wyoming 4-2 |
| 177 lbs | **Gary Kurdelmeier**, Iowa DEC Tim Woodin, Michigan State, 6-2 |
| 191 lbs | **Ken Maidlow**, Michigan State FALL Pete Newell, Colgate, 4:52 |
| UNL | **Bob Norman**, Illinois DEC Gordon Roesler, Oklahoma, 5-3 |
| **Reference:** | |

1. 28th NCAA Wrestling Tournament (PDF). *https://nwhof.org.* Retrieved 27 March 2023.

## InfoBox

1958 NCAA Wrestling Championships
| Tournament information | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | College wrestling |
| Location | Laramie, Wyoming |
| Dates | March 28th, 1958–March 29th, 1958 |
| Host(s) | University of Wyoming |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Oklahoma State (20th title) |
| 2nd place | Iowa State |
| 3rd place | Oklahoma |
| MVP | Dick Delgado (Oklahoma) |
|  | |


title: 1881–82 Scottish Districts season

abstract: The 1881–82 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams. It includes the East of Scotland District versus West of Scotland District trial match.

text:
# 1881–82 Scottish Districts season

The **1881–82 Scottish Districts season** is a record of all the rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.

It includes the East of Scotland District versus West of Scotland District trial match.

## History

This season saw the first time that Glasgow won the Inter-City match.

After last season's failed attempt to get a North v South fixture played, it was proposed that now 3 new district fixtures be played.

From the Aberdeen Press and Journal of 19 December 1881:

At the recent annual meeting of the union \[SRU\] Mr. R. Craigie Bell of Aberdeenshire, renewed this solicitations on their behalf and on behalf on their provincial friends generally, and in addition to the North versus South match, proposed the introduction of two other Union fixtures viz. the Northern versus Midland counties and a South-eastern versus South-western counties match. The union accordingly gave the proposal their best consideration, and chiefly through Mr. Petrie's personal inquiries, and perhaps in consequence of hailing from Banff himself, and thus having a 'weak side' towards the north, the northern counties match was agreed to...

The Midlands District side was formed to play a North of Scotland District side for the first time on 17 December 1881.

The North versus South fixture was played this season for the first time on 31 December 1881.

## Results

| Date | Try | Conversion | Penalty | Dropped goal | Goal from mark | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1876–1885 | 1 try | 1 goal | 1 goal | 1 goal |  |
| | *Match decided by a majority of goals, or if the number of goals is equal by a majority of tries* | | | | |

### Inter-City

| Glasgow District | 1 goal, 1 try - 1 goal | Edinburgh District |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Try:** Robb
**Con:** Dunlop
Cassels | Report | **Try:** Brown |

**Glasgow District**: David Kidston (Glasgow Academicals), A. J. W. Reid (West of Scotland), C. W. Dunlop (West of Scotland),
John Alexander Neilson (West of Scotland) and C. Ker (Glasgow Academicals),
D. Y. Cassels (West of Scotland) \[captain\], David McCowan (West of Scotland), Archibald Walker (West of Scotland), R. Adam (West of Scotland),
R. B. Young (Glasgow University), J. Lang (Glasgow University),
John Blair Brown (Glasgow Academicals), R. A. Kerr (Glasgow Academicals), William Andrew Walls (Glasgow Academicals), George Robb (Glasgow Academicals)
**Edinburgh District**: J. P. Veitch (Royal HSFP), John Clegg (Edinburgh University), G. Lindsay (Loretto), G. T. Chadwick (Edinburgh University), W. S. Brown (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), A. Philp (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), R. Ainslie (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), D. Somerville (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), Robert Maitland (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), G. Macleod (Edinburgh Wanderers), G. Morrison (Edinburgh Wanderers), R. S. F. Henderson (Edinburgh University), F. Bateson (Edinburgh University), T. Jeffrey (Edinburgh Academicals), J. Wilson (Royal HSFP)

### Other Scottish matches

| North of Scotland District | 1 goal - 1 goal | Midlands District |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Preview
Report |  |

**North**:
**Midlands**:

| North of Scotland District | 1 goal, 1 try - 2 tries | South of Scotland District |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

**North**:
**South**:

| East of Scotland District | 3 tries - 1 goal | West of Scotland District |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report
Report |  |

**East**: J. P. Veitch (Royal HSFP), J. Glegg (Edinburgh University), A. Philp (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), W. S. Brown (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), W. K. Morton (Edinburgh University), R. Ainslie (Edinburgh Institution F.P.) \[captain\], T. Ainslie (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), D. Somerville (Edinburgh Institution F.P.), R. S. F. Henderson (Edinburgh University), G. B. Guthrie (Edinburgh University), John Tod (Edinburgh University), G. McLeod (Edinburgh Wanderers), T. Jeffrey (Edinburgh Academicals), N. Watt (Royal HSFP), J. Wilson (Royal HSFP)
**West**: D. W. Kidston (Glasgow Academicals), R. Campbell (Glasgow Academicals), C. W. Dunlop (West of Scotland), C. Kerr (Glasgow University), J. Adamson (West of Scotland), D. Y. Cassells (West of Scotland) \[captain\], J. Adam (West of Scotland), A. Walker (West of Scotland), J. B. Brown (Glasgow Academicals), E. A. Kerr (Glasgow Academicals), G. H. Robb (Glasgow Academicals), W. A. Walls (Glasgow Academicals), B. Allan (Glasgow Academicals), J. S. Lang (Glasgow University), R. B. Young (Glasgow University)

### English matches

No other District matches played.

### International matches

No touring matches this season.

## InfoBox

| 1881–82 Scottish Districts season | |
| --- | --- |
| Countries | Scotland |
| Date | 1881-82 |
| Matches played | 2 |
|  | |


title: Anti-Tech Revolution

abstract: Anti-Tech Revolution: Why and How is a 2016 non-fiction book by Ted Kaczynski.

text:
# Anti-Tech Revolution

***Anti-Tech Revolution: Why and How*** is a 2016 non-fiction book by Ted Kaczynski.

## Publication history

In 2016, the first edition was published. A second edition was published by Fitch & Madison in 2020.

## Book structure

There are four chapters and six appendices in the book:

Chapters:

1. The Development of a Society Can Never Be Subject to Rational Human Control
2. Why the Technological System Will Destroy Itself
3. How to Transform a Society: Errors to Avoid
4. Strategic Guidelines for an Anti-Tech Movement

Appendices:

1. In Support of Chapter One
2. In Support of Chapter Two
3. Stay on Target
4. The Long-Term Outcome of Geo-Engineering
5. Thurston's View of Stalin's Terror. State Terrorism in General.
6. The Teachings of Jesus Christ and Their Effect on Society

## Synopsis

This book is split up into two parts: The first two chapters of this book argue for the need for a revolution to bring about the end of the technological system, while the second two chapters detail how a movement against the technological system should organize itself to achieve its goal.

In Chapter 1 of this book, Kaczynski argues against the notion that humans can rationally steer the development of society for numerous reasons, including but not limited to: the problems of complexity, chaos, competition among groups that seek power under the influence of natural selection, issues in deciding leadership and what values should be prioritized, and problems of succession.

Chapter 2, "Why the Technological System Will Destroy Itself", develops the author’s theory of "self-propagating systems"—systems that compete against each other for power without any regard for the long-term consequences, since any self-propagating systems that take the long-term into account will lose their competitive edge and be out-competed by self-propagating systems that do not. Kaczynski ultimately argues that since the technological system itself is a self-propagating system composed of self-propagating subsystems that competes for power in the short-term without regard for the long-term negative consequences, that the logical conclusion of the continued growth of the technological system is the complete destruction of the biosphere, wiping out all complex lifeforms.

Chapters 3 and 4 provide guidelines for a movement that would seek to bring about the collapse of the technological system before its continued progression leads to a much larger disaster for humanity and the biosphere.

**Concepts**

## InfoBox

Anti-Tech Revolution: Why and How
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Ted Kaczynski |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Criticism of technology |
| Genre | Non-fiction |
| Publisher | Fitch & Madison |
| Publication place | United States |


title: 2004 ENnie Award winners

text:
# 2004 ENnie Award winners

The following are the winners of the 4th annual ENnie Awards, held in 2004:

| Category | Gold Winner | Silver Winner |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Best Aid or Accessory | Roleplaying Tips GM Encyclopedia (Roleplayingtips.com) | Counter Collection Gold (Fiery Dragon Productions) |
| Best Art, Interior | Nocturnals: A Midnight Companion (Green Ronin Publishing) | Bestiary of Krynn (Sovereign Press) |
| Best Cartography | Thieves' Quarter (Green Ronin Publishing/The Game Mechanics) | Redhurst: Academy of Magic (Fast Forward Entertainment/Human Head Studios) |
| Best Graphic Design and Layout | Nocturnals: A Midnight Companion (Green Ronin Publishing) | Redhurst: Academy of Magic (Fast Forward Entertainment/Human Head Studios) |
| Best Art, Cover | Grimm (Fantasy Flight Games) | Arcana Unearthed (Malhavoc Press) |
| Best Official Website | Hero Games | Green Ronin Publishing |
| Best Publisher | Green Ronin Publishing | White Wolf |
| Best d20 Game | Arcana Unearthed (Malhavoc Press) | Grimm (Fantasy Flight Games) |
| Best Adventure | Lost City of Barakus (Troll Lord Games/Necromancer Games) | Black Sails Over Freeport (Green Ronin Publishing) |
| Best Campaign Setting | Dawnforge (Fantasy Flight Games) | Redhurst: Academy of Magic (Fast Forward Entertainment/Human Head Studios) |
| Best Setting Supplement | Crooks! (Green Ronin Publishing) | Thieves' Quarter (Green Ronin Publishing/The Game Mechanics) |
| Best Rules Supplement | Crime and Punishment (Atlas Games) | Torn Asunder (Bastion Press) |
| Best Monster Supplement | Crooks! (Green Ronin Publishing) | Bestiary of Krynn (Sovereign Press) |
| Best Revision, Update or Compilation | Complete Book of Eldritch Might (Malhavoc Press) | Book of Fiends (Green Ronin Publishing) |
| Best Non-d20 Game | Cthulhu Dark Ages (Chaosium) | HARP (High Adventure Role Playing) (Iron Crown Enterprises) |
| Best Non-d20 Supplement | Fantasy Hero (Hero Games) | 50 Fathoms (Pinnacle Entertainment Group) |
| Best Non-d20 Setting or Setting Sourcebook | The Turakian Age (Hero Games) | To Go (Unknown Armies)(Atlas Games) |
| Best Non-d20 Adventure | Champions Battlegrounds (Hero Games) | Shades of Black (Champions) (Hero Games) |
| Best Licensed Product | Nocturnals: A Midnight Companion (Green Ronin Publishing) | Babylon 5 RPG (Mongoose Publishing) |
| Best Electronic Product | Sidewinder: Recoiled (Dog House Rules) | Roleplaying Tips GM encyclopedia (Roleplayingtips.com) |
| Best Free Product or Web Enhancement | Initiative cards (The Game Mechanics) | Ezine Archives (Roleplayingtips.com) |
| Best Fan Site | Roleplayingtips.com | SWRPGnetwork |
|


title: 19th Royal Hussars

abstract: The 19th Royal Hussars was a cavalry regiment of the British Army, created in 1858. After serving in the First World War, it was amalgamated with the 15th The King's Hussars to form the 15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars in 1922.

text:
# 19th Royal Hussars

The **19th Royal Hussars (Queen Alexandra's Own)** was a cavalry regiment of the British Army, created in 1858. After serving in the First World War, it was amalgamated with the 15th The King's Hussars to form the 15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars in 1922.

## History

### Early history

The regiment was originally raised in Bengal by the East India Company as the **1st Bengal European Light Cavalry** in 1858, for service in the response to the Indian Rebellion. During the rebellion, a lieutenant of the regiment, Hugh Henry Gough, received the Victoria Cross.

As with all other "European" units of the Company, they were placed under the command of the Crown in 1858, and subsequently formally moved into the British Army in 1862 when they were designated as hussars as the **19th Hussars**. At this time, the regiment was authorised to inherit the battle honours of the disbanded 19th Light Dragoons. John French, who later became a field marshal, joined the regiment as a junior officer in March 1874.

The regiment saw action at Battle of Tel el-Kebir in September 1882 during the Anglo-Egyptian War and the regiment took possession of the wells, which were a vital resource in desert warfare, at the Battle of Abu Klea in January 1885 during the Mahdist War. It also fought at the Siege of Ladysmith in winter 1899 during the Second Boer War. The regiment was titled the **19th (Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own) Hussars** after Alexandra, Princess of Wales in 1902 and, when Alexandra became Queen Consort in 1908, the name changed to the **19th (Queen Alexandra's Own Royal) Hussars**.

### First World War

With the outbreak of the First World War, the regiment was split up, with squadrons attached to the 4th, 5th and 6th Infantry Divisions as divisional cavalry squadrons; all three divisions moved to France with the British Expeditionary Force, and saw action in the Battle of Le Cateau in August 1914, the Retreat from Mons later that month, the Battle of the Marne in September 1914, the Battle of the Aisne later that month and the Battle of Armentières in October 1914.

The regiment was brought together again in April 1915, and attached to the 9th Cavalry Brigade in the 1st Cavalry Division, with whom it served for the remainder of the war. It saw action at the Second Battle of Ypres in spring 1915, gaining battle honours for the Battle of St Julien in April 1915 and the Battle of Frezenberg in May 1915. The regiment went on to fight at the Battle of Flers–Courcelette in September 1916, part of the Battle of the Somme. It also served at the Battle of Cambrai in November 1917, at the Battle of Amiens in August 1918 and at the Pursuit to Mons in autumn 1918.

The regiment was retitled **19th Royal Hussars (Queen Alexandra's Own)** in 1921 and shortly thereafter disbanded when stationed in Muttra, India, as part of the post-War reduction in forces. Most of the officers and men were transferred to other cavalry regiments in India, and a cadre was briefly resurrected in 1922 in order to amalgamate with the 15th The King's Hussars, to form the 15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars.

## Regimental museum

The regimental collection is held by the Discovery Museum in Newcastle upon Tyne.

## Battle honours

The regiment’s battle honours were as follows:

* *Early wars*: Mysore, Seringapatam, Assaye, Niagara, Tel-el-Kebir, Egypt 1882 '84, Abu Klea, Nile 1884-85, Defence of Ladysmith, South Africa 1899-1902
* *The Great War*: Le Cateau, Retreat from Mons, Marne 1914, Aisne 1914, Armentières 1914, Ypres 1915, Frezenberg, Bellewaarde, Somme 1916 '18, Flers-Courcelette, Cambrai 1917 '18, St Quentin, Rosières, Amiens, Albert 1918, Bapaume 1918, Hindenburg Line, St Quentin Canal, Beaurevoir, Pursuit to Mons, France and Flanders 1914-18

## Victoria Cross

## Colonel-in-Chief

## Regimental colonels

Colonels of the regiment were:

1st Bengal European Light Cavalry (renamed 1st Bengal European Cavalry, 1859) * 1858 Maj-Gen. Thomas Mathew Taylor

19th Hussars (1862) 19th (Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own) Hussars, 1902 (renamed 19th (Queen Alexandra's Own Royal) Hussars, 1908 and 19th Royal Hussars (Queen Alexandra's Own), 1921)

## InfoBox

| 19th Royal Hussars (Queen Alexandra's Own) | |
| --- | --- |
| Cap badge of the 19th Royal Hussars | |
| Active | 18581922 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | British Army |
| Type | Cavalry |
| Role | Line Cavalry |
| Size | One Regiment |


abstract: The 1988–89 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team represented University of Virginia as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference during the 1988–89 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by 15th-year head coach Terry Holland. The Cavaliers earned an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament as #5 seed in the Southeast region, and made a run to the Elite Eight before falling to Michigan, the eventual national champion.

text:
# 1988–89 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team

1988–89 ACC men's basketball standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | PCT |  |  | W |  | L |  | PCT |
| No. 19 NC State | 10 |  | 4 |  | .714 |  |  | 22 |  | 9 |  | .710 |
| No. 9 Duke | 9 |  | 5 |  | .643 |  |  | 28 |  | 8 |  | .778 |
| Virginia | 9 |  | 5 |  | .643 |  |  | 22 |  | 11 |  | .667 |
| No. 5 North Carolina | 9 |  | 5 |  | .643 |  |  | 29 |  | 8 |  | .784 |
| Georgia Tech | 8 |  | 6 |  | .571 |  |  | 20 |  | 12 |  | .625 |
| Clemson | 7 |  | 7 |  | .500 |  |  | 19 |  | 11 |  | .633 |
| Wake Forest | 3 |  | 11 |  | .214 |  |  | 13 |  | 15 |  | .464 |
| Maryland | 1 |  | 13 |  | .071 |  |  | 9 |  | 20 |  | .310 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1989 ACC tournament winner
Rankings from AP Poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1988–89 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team** represented University of Virginia as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference during the 1988–89 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by 15th-year head coach Terry Holland. The Cavaliers earned an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament as #5 seed in the Southeast region, and made a run to the Elite Eight before falling to Michigan, the eventual national champion.

## Roster

| 1988–89 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball team | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| Pos. # Name Height Weight Year Hometown  11 Richard Morgan 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)  Sr   G/F 20 Bryant Stith 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)  Fr Emporia, Virginia  22 John Crotty 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)  So Orange, New Jersey  34 Bill Batts 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m)  Sr   42 Brent Bair 6 ft 10 in (2.08 m)  Sr | Head coach Assistant coach(es)   ---  Legend* **(C)** Team captain * **(S)** Suspended * **(I)** Ineligible * **(W)** Walk-on |

Source

## Schedule and results

| Date
time, TV | Rank# | Opponent# | Result | Record | High points | High rebounds | High assists | Site (attendance)
city, state |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Regular season | | | | | | | | |
| Nov 25, 1988*
 |  | Dartmouth | **W** 99–73 | 1–0
 | 20  Crotty | 6  *Tied* | 4  Crotty | University Hall (8,864)
Charlottesville, Virginia |
| Nov 26, 1988*
 |  | Marquette | **W** 80–63 | 2–0
 | 17  Stith | 9  Batts | 7  Crotty | University Hall (6,380)
Charlottesville, Virginia |
| Nov 30, 1988*
 |  | Arkansas | **W** 75–65 | 3–0
 | 21  Morgan | 5  Crotty | 7  Crotty | University Hall (8,864)
Charlottesville, Virginia |
| Dec 3, 1988*
 |  | Towson State | **W** 87–79 | 4–0
 | 26  Morgan | 7  Morgan | 9  Crotty | University Hall (8,864)
Charlottesville, Virginia |
| Dec 6, 1988*
 |  | Fairleigh Dickinson | **W** 88–61 | 5–0
 | 21  Stith | 5  Dabbs | 5  Crotty | University Hall (8,864)
Charlottesville, Virginia |
| Dec 10, 1988*
 |  | No. 18 Connecticut | **L** 61–68 | 5–1
 | 17  Stith | 10  Dabbs | 4  Crotty | University Hall (8,864)
Charlottesville, Virginia |
| Dec 19, 1988*
 |  | Jacksonville | **W** 86–81 | 6–1
 | 18  Morgan | 11  Stith | 7  Crotty | University Hall (8,664)
Charlottesville, Virginia |
| Dec 21, 1988*
 |  | UC-Irvine | **W** 99–89 | 7–1
 | 27  Morgan | 10  Morgan | 7  Crotty | University Hall (8,264)
Charlottesville, Virginia |
| Dec 28, 1988*
 |  | vs. No. 13 Seton Hall
*Sugar Bowl Tournament* | **L** 67–84 | 7–2
 | 20  Morgan | 8  Stith | 2  *Tied* | Louisiana Superdome (4,915)
New Orleans, Louisiana |
| Dec 29, 1988*
 |  | vs. Mississippi State
*Sugar Bowl Tournament Consolation* | **L** 84–86 | 7–3
 | 19  Stith | 12  Dabbs | 5  Morgan | Louisiana Superdome
New Orleans, Louisiana |
| Jan 4, 1989*
 |  | at No. 13 Louisville | **L** 71–74 | 7–4
 | 16  *Tied* | 8  Blundin | 6  Crotty | Freedom Hall (19,272)
Louisville, Kentucky |
| Jan 7, 1989
 |  | No. 1 Duke | **L** 76–84 | 7–5
(0–1) | 31  Morgan | 10  Blundin | 5  Crotty | University Hall (8,864)
Charlottesville, Virginia |
| Jan 11, 1989
 |  | at Clemson | **L** 70–80 | 7–6
(0–2) | 19  Morgan | 11  Stith | 5  Crotty | Littlejohn Coliseum (9,500)
Clemson, South Carolina |
| Jan 15, 1989
 |  | No. 8 North Carolina | **W** 106–83 | 8–6
(1–2) | 39  Morgan | 9  Blundin | 5  Crotty | University Hall (8,864)
Charlottesville, Virginia |
| Jan 17, 1989
 |  | at Maryland | **W** 64–58 | 9–6
(2–2) | 21  Morgan | 9  *Tied* | 8  Crotty | Cole Fieldhouse (10,768)
College Park, Maryland |
| Jan 25, 1989*
 |  | vs. Virginia Tech | **W** 113–106 | 10–6
 | 28  Morgan | 15  Blundin | 8  Crotty | Richmond Coliseum (10,716)
Richmond, Virginia |
| Jan 28, 1989
 |  | Wake Forest | **W** 88–69 | 11–6
(3–2) | 25  Morgan | 9  Stith | 5  Crotty | University Hall (8,864)
Charlottesville, Virginia |
| Feb 1, 1989
 |  | No. 13 NC State | **W** 91–71 | 12–6
(4–2) | 20  Morgan | 12  Stith | 7  Crotty | University Hall (8,864)
Charlottesville, Virginia |
| Feb 6, 1989
 |  | Georgia Tech | **W** 78–71 | 13–6
(5–2) | 23  Morgan | 9  Dabbs | 6  Crotty | University Hall (8,864)
Charlottesville, Virginia |
| Feb 8, 1989
 |  | at No. 14 Duke | **L** 66–85 | 13–7
(5–3) | 13  Morgan | 5  Stith | 4  Crotty | Cameron Indoor Stadium (9,314)
Durham, North Carolina |
| Feb 12, 1989
 |  | at No. 6 North Carolina | **L** 67–85 | 13–8
(5–4) | 20  Stith | 12  Stith | 4  *Tied* | Dean Smith Center (21,444)
Chapel Hill, North Carolina |
| Feb 16, 1989*
 |  | VMI | **W** 92–79 | 14–8
 | 22  Dabbs | 11  Dabbs | 4  Crotty | University Hall (8,864)
Charlottesville, Virginia |
| Feb 18, 1989
 |  | Clemson | **W** 85–83 | 15–8
(6–4) | 16  Dabbs | 12  Dabbs | 9  Crotty | University Hall (8,864)
Charlottesville, Virginia |
| Feb 22, 1989
 |  | at Georgia Tech | **L** 65–73 | 15–9
(6–5) | 28  Stith | 12  Dabbs | 9  Crotty | Alexander Memorial Coliseum (8,113)
Atlanta, Georgia |
| Feb 26, 1989
 |  | at No. 17 NC State | **W** 76–75 | 16–9
(7–5) | 29  Stith | 13  Dabbs | 8  Crotty | Reynolds Coliseum (12,400)
Raleigh, North Carolina |
| Mar 1, 1989
 |  | at Wake Forest | **W** 81–72 | 17–9
(8–5) | 23  Morgan | 10  Stith | 7  Crotty | Winston-Salem Memorial Coliseum (8,200)
Winston-Salem, North Carolina |
| Mar 5, 1989
 |  | Maryland | **W** 86–59 | 18–9
(9–5) | 34  Morgan | 12  Stith | 8  Crotty | University Hall (8,864)
Charlottesville, Virginia |
| ACC Tournament | | | | | | | | |
| Mar 10, 1989*
 |  | vs. Clemson
*ACC Tournament Quarterfinal* | **W** 90–73 | 19–9
 | 18  Crotty | 9  Dabbs | 5  Stith | Omni Coliseum (16,723)
Atlanta, Georgia |
| Mar 11, 1989*
 |  | vs. No. 7 Duke
*ACC Tournament Semifinal* | **L** 58–69 | 19–10
 | 15  Stith | 8  Dabbs | 5  Crotty | Omni Coliseum (16,723)
Atlanta, Georgia |
| NCAA tournament | | | | | | | | |
| Mar 16, 1989*
 | (5 SE) | vs. (12 SE) Providence
*First round* | **W** 100–97 | 20–10
 | 33  Morgan | 7  *Tied* | 10  Crotty | Memorial Gymnasium (12,541)
Nashville, Tennessee |
| Mar 18, 1989*
 | (5 SE) | vs. (13 SE) Middle Tennessee State
*Second round* | **W** 104–88 | 21–10
 | 33  Morgan | 10  Daniel | 14  Crotty | Memorial Gymnasium (13,453)
Nashville, Tennessee |
| Mar 23, 1989*
 | (5 SE) | vs. (1 SE) No. 4 Oklahoma
*Southeast Regional semifinal* | **W** 86–80 | 22–10
 | 28  Stith | 14  Dabbs | 8  Crotty | Rupp Arena (22,314)
Lexington, Kentucky |
| Mar 25, 1989*
 | (5 SE) | vs. (3 SE) No. 10 Michigan
*Southeast Regional Final* | **L** 65–102 | 22–11
 | 15  Morgan | 12  Dabbs | 7  Crotty | Rupp Arena (22,755)
Lexington, Kentucky |
| *Non-conference game. #Rankings from AP poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses.
All times are in Eastern time. | | | | | | | | | | | |

Source:

## InfoBox

| 1988–89 Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball | |
| --- | --- |
| NCAA tournament, Elite Eight | |
| Conference | Atlantic Coast Conference |
| Record | 22–11 (9–5 ACC) |
| Head coach |  |
| Assistant coaches |  |
| Home arena | University Hall |
|


title: Aspergillus acidus

abstract: Aspergillus acidus is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. Aspergillus acidus can be used in food fermentation for tea.

text:
# Aspergillus acidus

***Aspergillus acidus*** is a species of fungus in the genus *Aspergillus*. *Aspergillus acidus* can be used in food fermentation for tea.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Aspergillus acidus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Eurotiomycetes |
| Order: | Eurotiales |
| Family: | Aspergillaceae |
| Genus: | *Aspergillus* |
| Species: | ***A. acidus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aspergillus acidus***
Kozakiewicz, Z. 1989 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Aspergillus foetidus* var. *pallidus*
Aspergillus foetidus var. acidus | |


title: 1956 Italian Grand Prix

abstract: The 1956 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 2 September 1956 at Monza. It was the eighth and final race of the 1956 World Championship of Drivers. Coming into the race, Juan Manuel Fangio had an eight-point lead over Ferrari teammate Peter Collins and Jean Behra, driving for Maserati. Fangio retired with a broken steering arm, while Behra also had to pull out. Luigi Musso, also driving for Ferrari, was told to hand his car over to Fangio to ensure the Argentine's third consecutive title but he refused. Brit Collins, with the opportunity for his first world championship, sportingly handed his car over to Fangio during a routine pit-stop. Fangio finished second, behind Stirling Moss, giving himself and Collins a share of the points for second place and ensuring his fourth title. The race saw the World Championship debuts of Jo Bonnier, Les Leston, and Wolfgang von Trips, and the final World Championship appearances for Hermano da Silva Ramos, Toulo de Graffenried, Robert Manzon, Piero Taruffi, and Luigi Villoresi. Ron Flockhart scored his first World Championship points and podium finish, and it was the first World Championship race led by Musso. With Collins having a share of second place, this was the first World Championship Grand Prix in which British drivers finished one-two-three.

text:
# 1956 Italian Grand Prix

The **1956 Italian Grand Prix** was a Formula One motor race held on 2 September 1956 at Monza. It was the eighth and final race of the 1956 World Championship of Drivers. Coming into the race, Juan Manuel Fangio had an eight-point lead over Ferrari teammate Peter Collins and Jean Behra, driving for Maserati.

Fangio retired with a broken steering arm, while Behra also had to pull out. Luigi Musso, also driving for Ferrari, was told to hand his car over to Fangio to ensure the Argentine's third consecutive title but he refused. Brit Collins, with the opportunity for his first world championship, sportingly handed his car over to Fangio during a routine pit-stop. Fangio finished second, behind Stirling Moss, giving himself and Collins a share of the points for second place and ensuring his fourth title.

The race saw the World Championship debuts of Jo Bonnier (the first Swede to do so), Les Leston, and Wolfgang von Trips, and the final World Championship appearances for Hermano da Silva Ramos, Toulo de Graffenried, Robert Manzon, Piero Taruffi, and Luigi Villoresi. Ron Flockhart scored his first World Championship points and podium finish, and it was the first World Championship race led by Musso. With Collins having a share of second place, this was the first World Championship Grand Prix in which British drivers finished one-two-three.

## Classification

### Qualifying

| Pos | No | Driver | Constructor | Time | Gap |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 22 | Juan Manuel Fangio | Ferrari | 2:42.6 |  |
| 2 | 24 | Eugenio Castellotti | Ferrari | 2:43.4 | +0.8 |
| 3 | 28 | Luigi Musso | Ferrari | 2:43.7 | +1.1 |
| 4 | 16 | Piero Taruffi | Vanwall | 2:45.4 | +2.8 |
| 5 | 32 | Jean Behra | Maserati | 2:45.6 | +3.0 |
| 6 | 36 | Stirling Moss | Maserati | 2:45.9 | +3.3 |
| 7 | 26 | Peter Collins | Ferrari | 2:46.0 | +3.4 |
| 8 | 34 | Luigi Villoresi | Maserati | 2:47.7 | +5.1 |
| 9 | 30 | Alfonso de Portago | Ferrari | 2:47.8 | +5.2 |
| 10 | 18 | Harry Schell | Vanwall | 2:50.1 | +7.5 |
| 11 | 20 | Maurice Trintignant | Vanwall | 2:51.6 | +9.0 |
| 12 | 46 | Umberto Maglioli | Maserati | 2:52.7 | +10.1 |
| 13 | 44 | Roy Salvadori | Maserati | 2:54.6 | +12.0 |
| 14 | 40 | Luigi Piotti | Maserati | 2:58.6 | +16.0 |
| 15 | 6 | Jack Fairman | Connaught-Alta | 2:59.2 | +16.6 |
| 16 | 42 | Gerino Gerini | Maserati | 3:02.6 | +20.0 |
| 17 | 38 | Paco Godia | Maserati | 3:02.9 | +20.3 |
| 18 | 14 | Toulo de Graffenried | Maserati | 3:03.3 | +20.7 |
| 19 | 2 | Les Leston | Connaught-Alta | 3:04.3 | +21.7 |
| 20 | 8 | Hermano da Silva Ramos | Gordini | 3:04.8 | +22.2 |
| 21 | 48 | Bruce Halford | Maserati | 3:05.0 | +22.4 |
| 22 | 10 | Robert Manzon | Gordini | 3:06.6 | +24.0 |
| 23 | 4 | Ron Flockhart | Connaught-Alta | 3:08.1 | +25.5 |
| 24 | 12 | André Simon | Gordini | 3:13.3 | +30.7 |
| DNS | 50 | Wolfgang von Trips | Ferrari |  |  |
| Source: | | | | | |

### Race

| Pos | No | Driver | Constructor | Laps | Time/Retired | Grid | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 36 | **Stirling Moss** | **Maserati** | 50 | 2:23:41.3 | 6 | **9** |
| 2 | 26 | **Peter Collins**
**Juan Manuel Fangio** | **Ferrari** | 50 | +5.7 secs | 7 | **3**
**3** |
| 3 | 4 | **Ron Flockhart** | **Connaught-Alta** | 49 | +1 Lap | 23 | **4** |
| 4 | 38 | **Paco Godia** | **Maserati** | 49 | +1 Lap | 17 | **3** |
| 5 | 6 | **Jack Fairman** | **Connaught-Alta** | 47 | +3 Laps | 15 | **2** |
| 6 | 40 | Luigi Piotti | Maserati | 47 | +3 Laps | 14 |  |
| 7 | 14 | Toulo de Graffenried | Maserati | 46 | +4 Laps | 18 |  |
| 8 | 22 | Juan Manuel Fangio
Eugenio Castellotti | Ferrari | 46 | +4 Laps | 1 |  |
| 9 | 12 | André Simon | Gordini | 45 | +5 Laps | 24 |  |
| 10 | 42 | Gerino Gerini | Maserati | 42 | +8 Laps | 16 |  |
| 11 | 44 | Roy Salvadori | Maserati | 41 | +9 Laps | 13 |  |
| Ret | 28 | Luigi Musso | Ferrari | 47 | Steering | 3 |  |
| Ret | 46 | Umberto Maglioli
Jean Behra | Maserati | 42 | Steering | 12 |  |
| Ret | 18 | Harry Schell | Vanwall | 32 | Transmission | 10 |  |
| Ret | 32 | Jean Behra | Maserati | 23 | Magneto | 5 |  |
| Ret | 48 | Bruce Halford | Maserati | 16 | Engine | 21 |  |
| Ret | 20 | Maurice Trintignant | Vanwall | 13 | Transmission | 11 |  |
| Ret | 16 | Piero Taruffi | Vanwall | 12 | Oil Leak | 4 |  |
| Ret | 24 | Eugenio Castellotti | Ferrari | 9 | Tyre | 2 |  |
| Ret | 34 | Luigi Villoresi
Jo Bonnier | Maserati | 7 | Engine | 8 |  |
| Ret | 10 | Robert Manzon | Gordini | 7 | Chassis | 22 |  |
| Ret | 30 | Alfonso de Portago | Ferrari | 6 | Tyre | 9 |  |
| Ret | 2 | Les Leston | Connaught-Alta | 6 | Suspension | 19 |  |
| Ret | 8 | Hermano da Silva Ramos | Gordini | 3 | Engine | 20 |  |
| DNS | 50 | Wolfgang von Trips | Ferrari |  | Practice Accident |  |  |
| Source: | | | | | | | |

Notes * **^1**  – Includes 1 point for fastest lap

## Shared drives and championship permutations

* Shared Drives:
* Two drivers were fighting for the championship going into the race: Fangio on 30 points and Collins on 22 points
    + Fangio would finish ahead of Collins in the Championship if:
        - Collins doesn't win the race or
        - Collins wins the race without fast lap and Fangio finished at least 3rd with fastest lap or
        - Fangio finished at least 2nd
    + Collins would finish ahead of Fangio in the Championship if:
        - Collins wins the race with fastest lap and Fangio finished 3rd or lower or
        - Collins wins the race without fastest lap and Fangio finished 3rd or lower without fastest lap as well

## Championship standings after the race

Drivers' Championship standings

|  | Pos | Driver | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1 | Juan Manuel Fangio | 30 (33) |
| 2 | 2 | Stirling Moss | 27 (28) |
| 1 | 3 | Peter Collins | 25 |
| 1 | 4 | Jean Behra | 22 |
|  | 5 | Pat Flaherty | 8 |
| Source: | | | |

* **Note**: Only the top five positions are included. Only the best 5 results counted towards the Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.

## InfoBox

| 1956 Italian Grand Prix | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Previous race Next race | | | |
| Autodromo Nazionale di Monza layout | | | |
| Race details | | | |
| Date | 2 September 1956 | | |
| Official name | XXVII Gran Premio d'Italia | | |
| Location | Autodromo Nazionale di Monza, Monza, Italy | | |
| Course | Permanent road course | | |
| Course length | 10.000 km (6.214 miles) | | |
| Distance | 50 laps, 500.023 km (310.700 miles) | | |
| Weather | Cloudy, warm, alternating light rain | | |
| Pole position | | | |
| Driver |  | Ferrari |
| Time | 2:42:6 | | |
| Fastest lap | | | |
| Driver | Stirling Moss | Maserati |
| Time | 2:45.5 | | |
| Podium | | | |
| First |  | Maserati |
| Second |  | Ferrari |
| Third |  | Connaught-Alta |
| Lap leaders * | | | |


title: Antindra

abstract: Antindra is a municipality in northern Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Sambava, which is a part of Sava Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 16,000 in 2001 commune census. Only primary schooling is available in town. The majority 98% of the population in the commune are farmers. The most important crops are rice and vanilla, while other important agricultural products are coffee and sugarcane. Services provide employment for 2% of the population.

text:
# Antindra

**Antindra** is a municipality in northern Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Sambava, which is a part of Sava Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 16,000 in 2001 commune census.

Only primary schooling is available in town. The majority 98% of the population in the commune are farmers. The most important crops are rice and vanilla, while other important agricultural products are coffee and sugarcane. Services provide employment for 2% of the population.

## River

Atindra is situated at the Bemarivo River.

14°8′S 49°49′E / 14.133°S 49.817°E / -14.133; 49.817

## InfoBox

| Antindra | |
| --- | --- |
| Atindra | |
| AntindraLocation in Madagascar | |
| Coordinates: 14°8′S 49°49′E / 14.133°S 49.817°E / -14.133; 49.817 | |
| Country | Madagascar |
| Region | Sava |
| District | Sambava |
| Elevation | 90 m (300 ft) |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 16,000 |
| Time zone | UTC3 (EAT) |
| Postal code | 208 |


title: 1990 ARCO explosion

abstract: An explosion at the ARCO Chemical (ACC) Channelview, Texas petrochemical plant killed 17 people and injured five others on July 5, 1990. It was one of the deadliest industrial disasters in the history of the Greater Houston area. The land along the Houston Ship Channel is a heavily industrialized area, with numerous oil refineries. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, several large industrial disasters occurred in the area, with the largest being the Phillips disaster of 1989, a refinery explosion that resulted in 23 deaths and over 100 injuries. In the community of Channelview, ACC operated a petrochemical plant that was the world's largest producer of the fuel additive methyl tert-butyl ether. On July 5, 1990, employees at the plant were working on restarting a compressor for a 900,000 US gal (3.4-million L) wastewater storage tank at the facility. The tank held wastewater that contained hydrocarbons until it could be deposited in a disposal well. Because the hydrocarbons in the tank could vaporize, the tank had an oxygen analyzer that kept track of the oxygen concentration in the tank and had a nitrogen sweep system to keep the gas inert. However, unbeknownst to the employees, the oxygen analyzer had malfunctioned and as a result, the oxygen level in the tank was at a dangerous level. While restarting the compressor, the gas ignited and caused a large explosion. The explosion completely destroyed the tank and some of the surrounding facility infrastructure, affecting an area the size of a city block. Following the accident, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) fined ACC about $3.48 million for over 300 violations of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the largest OSHA fine at the time. Additionally, the company agreed to safety changes at its other three plants in the United States. Damages were estimated to total $100 million; however, ACC spent only $36 million in repairs and upgrades at the Channelview plant including $20 million on safety redundancies.

text:
# 1990 ARCO explosion

An explosion at the ARCO Chemical (ACC) Channelview, Texas petrochemical plant killed 17 people and injured five others on July 5, 1990. It was one of the deadliest industrial disasters in the history of the Greater Houston area.

The land along the Houston Ship Channel is a heavily industrialized area, with numerous oil refineries. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, several large industrial disasters occurred in the area, with the largest being the Phillips disaster of 1989, a refinery explosion that resulted in 23 deaths and over 100 injuries. In the community of Channelview, ACC operated a petrochemical plant that was the world's largest producer of the fuel additive methyl *tert*-butyl ether. On July 5, 1990, employees at the plant were working on restarting a compressor for a 900,000 US gal (3.4-million L) wastewater storage tank at the facility. The tank held wastewater that contained hydrocarbons until it could be deposited in a disposal well. Because the hydrocarbons in the tank could vaporize, the tank had an oxygen analyzer that kept track of the oxygen concentration in the tank and had a nitrogen sweep system to keep the gas inert. However, unbeknownst to the employees, the oxygen analyzer had malfunctioned and as a result, the oxygen level in the tank was at a dangerous level. While restarting the compressor, the gas ignited and caused a large explosion. The explosion completely destroyed the tank and some of the surrounding facility infrastructure, affecting an area the size of a city block.

Following the accident, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) fined ACC about $3.48 million for over 300 violations of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the largest OSHA fine at the time. Additionally, the company agreed to safety changes at its other three plants in the United States. Damages were estimated to total $100 million; however, ACC spent only $36 million in repairs and upgrades at the Channelview plant including $20 million on safety redundancies.

## Background

### Previous industrial accidents in the area

The Houston Ship Channel is a roughly 50-mile (80 km) long waterway that links the Texas city of Houston to Galveston Bay and, ultimately, the Gulf of Mexico. The channel makes up part of the port of Houston, which in 1990 was the third-largest port in the United States. The land on either side of the channel is a heavily industrialized area, with approximately 150 industries in operation there in 1990, including numerous oil refineries. A 1990 article in the *Los Angeles Times* referred to the area as having "the largest complex of petrochemical plants in the nation", and during the late 1980s and early 1990s, there were several large-scale explosions or disasters at these plants. In October 1989, a refinery in Pasadena, Texas, that was operated by the Phillips Petroleum Company exploded in a disaster that killed 23 people and injured over 100, and two more explosions the following year at different refineries injured a further seven people. These incidents prompted an April 1990 report from Secretary of Labor Elizabeth Dole to President George H. W. Bush that called on the petrochemical industry to develop stronger safety plans to prevent future accidents.

### Arco Chemical Channelview plant

In the Ship Channel community of Channelview, Texas, located several miles east of downtown Houston, chemical and plastics company ACC operated a large petrochemical plant. The 564-acre (228 ha) plant had been in operation since 1977 and had been acquired by ARCO in 1980. The plant primarily produced petroleum additives and in 1990 was the largest producer of the fuel additive methyl *tert*-butyl ether (MTBE) in the world, producing between 25,000 US bbl (3.0 million L) and 30,000 US bbl (3.6 million L) daily. This resulted in an annual production of approximately 1.7 billion lb (770 million kg) of MTBE, equivalent to approximately 25 percent of the United States's total MTBE production. Additionally, the plant annually produced about 560 million lb (250 million kg) of propylene oxide and 1.3 billion lb (590 million kg) of styrene monomer. The plant around this time employed about 350 ACC employees, in addition to about 150 contractors from Austin Industrial, Inc., a Houston-based contracting firm, and had a total annual payroll of about $20 million. From taking over the plant in 1980 until 1990, ARCO had been cited twice by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for minor violations of the Occupational Safety and Health Act.

On the northwestern edge of the plant, in a remote utility area, was a 900,000 US gal (3.4-million L) storage tank, measuring about 40 feet (12 m) tall and 62 feet (19 m) in diameter, that temporarily stored wastewater from the plant's propylene oxide and styrene monomer operations. After treatment, this liquid was transferred to an on-site disposal well. The wastewater, which was held in the tank at atmospheric pressure, usually contained some hydrocarbon liquids that would result in hydrocarbon vapor and oxygen building up in the vapor space of the tank. To prevent these vapor levels from reaching dangerous levels, the tank had an oxygen analyzer that provided a continuous readout of the oxygen level in the tank, and excessive oxygen and hydrocarbon vapor could be purged through a nitrogen sweep system. A compressor would move this vapor to a pressurized tank where it would be scrubbed before being vented to the atmosphere. Throughout early 1990, this compressor required additional maintenance, and it had been out of service for 41 percent of the year. In late June 1990, this compressor stopped working, and ARCO removed the piece of equipment and began venting the vapor from the tank to the open atmosphere, which had been the standard method of vapor disposal practiced at the plant before scrubbing was introduced as part of an environmental upgrade to the facility. On July 4, the nitrogen sweeping system was turned off to allow workers to modify some piping and instrumentation, as well as general cleaning of the tank, before restarting the compressor. The system had been turned off only after the oxygen analyzer showed safe levels of oxygen within the tank. The following day, July 5, the compressor was to be restarted. At the time, there were several dozen people working the night shift at the facility, with five working in the immediate area of the tank. However, the number of people in the area was larger than usual due to the cleaning of the tanks.

## Explosion

At 11:21 p.m. CDT, an explosion occurred when the compressor for the wastewater tank was being restarted. The explosion resulted in a large flame that rose at least 100 feet (30 m) over the Houston Ship Channel, resulting in large plumes of black smoke. The blast was felt by people as far as 8 miles (13 km) away, and windows in some nearby homes were reportedly broken from the pressure wave. At the facility, an area of roughly one city block was severely damaged by the explosion. The wastewater storage tank was completely destroyed, with an article in the *Los Angeles Times* describing it as having been "flattened like a soft drink can crushed in a vise". The explosion within the tank had been so powerful that the 48,000-pound (22,000 kg) lid of the tank had been blown off and landed in a parking lot about 200 yards (180 m) away. Additionally, another nearby 15,000-US-gallon (57,000 L) tank was blown 200 feet (61 m) into a pipe rack. Along with the two tanks and the main pipe rack, the explosion also seriously damaged a cogeneration facility and two cooling towers. However, the blast did not affect the MTBE facilities at the plant.

## Emergency response

In the immediate aftermath, authorities described the incident as relatively minor, with no reports of any injuries. Shortly after the blast, the facility's fire brigade began putting out the fires that had resulted from the explosion. They would be the main firefighting force that handled the fires, although additional help would be provided by the hazardous materials units from the Channel Industries Mutual Aid, Merichem, and the Shell Oil Refinery. Most of the fires had been put out by 4 a.m. the next morning, with smaller fires completely put out by 5 a.m. According to company officials, the explosion did not result in any leakage of hazardous materials, and no area evacuation was issued, although traffic was rerouted away from the facility. After the fires were put out, the plant's main operations were shut down, including the MTBE operations. The plant was expected to be shut down for several months as it underwent repairs. The shutdown affected approximately 15 percent of the total production of styrene in the United States.

Members of the Harris County fire marshal's and medical examiner's offices arrived on the scene following the explosion. While initial reports from company authorities had stated that there had been no injuries, there had in fact been several injuries and multiple deaths from the disaster. The fire marshal's office assisted in body recovery, and by 11 a.m. the next morning, 14 bodies had been found, with two people believed to have been in the plant at the time unaccounted for. Through the day, this number would rise to 15 dead and one unaccounted for. By July 6, the final count had 17 people killed and five injured. Of the dead, five were Arco Chemical employees and eleven were Austin Industrial employees. Additionally, a truck driver was found dead in the cabin of their vacuum truck. He was an employee for Waste Processing, Inc., which had been contracted to help with maintenance work. Some of the injured were hospitalized at the nearby San Jacinto Methodist Hospital in Baytown, Texas. Speaking about the size of the tragedy, ACC Americas President Jack Johnson said, "In my 32 years I can't remember a single incident of this magnitude where we had multiple loss of life".

## Aftermath

### Investigation and cause of the accident

On the morning of July 6, Gerard F. Scannell, an Assistant Secretary in the United States Department of Labor and head of OSHA, arrived at the scene, saying he would ensure "that all necessary resources of the Labor Department and OSHA are made available for a complete and timely investigation of this workplace tragedy". Specifically, Scannell stated that OSHA would be reviewing work orders and interviewing people from the plant to determine if the maintenance work that was being conducted at the wastewater storage tank had contributed to the explosion. At the time, authorities were not completely sure if the compressor had caused the explosion. OSHA concluded their initial review of the site within a week. By January 1991, according to an article in the *Oil & Gas Journal*, investigators were "95% sure" regarding the cause and timeline of events regarding the explosion. According to OSHA investigators, the oxygen analyzer in the wastewater tank had malfunctioned on June 15, 1990, resulting in a reduction in the nitrogen purging and a steady buildup of oxygen in the tank that reached dangerous levels. This was further intensified during the maintenance work performed on July 4 and 5, when the nitrogen system was temporarily shut down. As a result, energy from some normal operation around the tank (such as the compressor restarting) provided enough energy to ignite the vapor and cause the explosion.

### Use of contracted employees

Several contemporary sources also noted the use of contracted labor in discussions of the explosion. In a 1990 article of *The New York Times*, journalist Roberto Suro noted that in the April 1990 report that Labor Secretary Dole had submitted concerning petrochemical plant accidents there were, among other things, recommendations that contracted employees at these facilities be given special safety training. The *Los Angeles Times* similarly cited a report by the John Gray Institute of Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas, that stated that contract workers received less safety training and were less knowledgeable of workplace hazards than their company employee counterparts. According to the report, due to economic and time constraints, "safety was frequently cited as a secondary consideration among short-term contractors". The subject was also a point of discussion in a July 23, 1990, hearing before the United States House Committee on Government Operations on chemical accidents, Representative Tom Lantos stated that, as with some previous incidents, "the contract work force again figures prominently", noting that while 75 percent of the facility's employees were ACC employees, two-thirds of the people killed were contracted workers. The Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers International Union (OCAW, a labor union representing petrochemical workers) similarly criticized the use of contracted labor at the facility, with Secretary-Treasurer Tony Mazzocchi saying, "There is a direct association between the lack of preventive maintenance, the substitution of contract labor for skilled, permanent union labor and this accident. The contractors were probably working more than 16 hours straight when \[the tank\] exploded." Similarly, in a July 8 article by United Press International, the wife of one of the contracted workers killed in the explosion said he had been working 16-hour shifts and had worked 86 hours the week before the incident. Some of the contracted workers who were working on the tank had been on the job since 7 a.m. and had been working until the explosion, past the legally-mandated quitting time of 11 p.m. The president of the OCAW local union in Houston made comments similarly linking the explosion to the use of contracted labor. However, a vice president of ARCO dismissed the connection, saying, "The focus on contract workers is unfortunate. It doesn't address the problem." At the time of the accident, approximately half of the petrochemical workers in the United States were non-union contract workers.

U.S. and Texas officials opted not to criminally prosecute ACC for the deaths. However, on January 3, 1991, ACC agreed to pay $3,481,300 in fines levied by OSHA for violations of the Occupational Safety and Health Act no later than January 10. OSHA had fined the company $10,000 for each of the 347 "willful" violations (wherein the company intentionally disregarded or was indifferent to the requirements in the Occupational Safety and Health Act) and a further $11,300 for 15 "serious" violations (wherein the company operated while knowing of a serious probability of an accident that could cause injuries or death). At the time, it was the largest monetary settlement in OSHA history. Other terms of the agreement stipulated that ACC would organize a "process hazard analysis staff" for each of its four U.S. facilities (including the Channelview facility) within 30 days, which would then conduct process hazard analyses and report their findings to their respective OSHA regional offices within 270 days. Within 30 days of these reports, the management of each plant would have to provide written statements and would then have no more than one year to implement the changes recommended by these teams. ARCO, in agreeing to the settlement with OSHA, stated that it did not affirm the accuracy of OSHA's investigation and conclusions regarding the conduct and operations at the plant. However, according to Arco Chemical Americas President Johnson, instead of disputing some of OSHA's conclusions, "we decided it served everyone better if we focused on improving safety of our operations". In addition to the OSHA fines, the company faced lawsuits from the families of several of the deceased workers. In total, damages from the explosion were approximately $100 million.

In addition to the fines and mandated changes, ACC agreed to revamp safety measures regarding safety training and management at all four facilities in the United States. Infrastructure-wise, ACC spent $36 million between July 1990 and January 1991 in repairs and upgrades to the wastewater facilities at the Channelview plant. Of that amount, $20 million was spent on adding system safety redundancies. For example, the upgrades resulted in a change in the number of wastewater storage tanks increasing from three to eight, an increase in the number of oxygen analyzers from one to sixteen, and the installation of a backup nitrogen supply system that sweeps the tanks on a continuous basis.

### Later history

In a 2001 book, anthropologist and professor Kim Fortun discussed the explosion and compared the disaster to the Bhopal disaster, citing similarities between the role that maintenance neglect and inexperienced workers played in the two incidents. In 2002, the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (an independent federal agency that investigates industrial accidents) completed a two-year study on serious chemical accidents that occurred between 1980 and 2000, specifically highlighting the 1990 ARCO explosion as one of the worst in that time period. The board convened in September of that year in Houston, in part because the Houston area had been home to large-scale disasters like the one in 1990. Since then, the next biggest industrial disaster to occur in the Greater Houston area was the 2005 Texas City refinery explosion, which killed 15 people and injured 180.

1. Horswell 2005.
2. Kennedy 1990.
3. Holcombe 2019.
4. Suro 1990.
5. Rendon 1990.
6. *Oil & Gas Journal* 1991.
7. *Los Angeles Times* 1987.
8. Brooks 1998.
9. *Petroleum Supply Monthly* 1990, p. xix.
10. Mokhiber 1990.
11. *Labor Press Service* 1991, p. 5.
12. Fortun 2001, p. 274.
13. Fortun 2001, p. 275.
14. United Press International 1990.
15. Gonzales 2015.
16. Employment and Housing Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations 1991, p. 3.
17. Schwartz 1990.
18. *Labor Press Service* 1991, p. 2.
19. *Labor Press Service* 1991, p. 1.
20. *Deseret News* 1990.
21. Dixon, Gullo & Raheja 2018, p. 417.
22. U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board 2002.
23. Axtman 2005.

## Sources

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Arco Chemical Channelview, Texas explosion
| Date | July 5, 1990 (1990-07-05) |
| --- | --- |
| Time | 11:21 p.m. CDT |
| Location | 2502 Sheldon Road<br>Channelview, Texas, United States |
| Coordinates | 29°49′5″N 95°7′20″W / 29.81806°N 95.12222°W / 29.81806; -95.12222 |
| Type | Explosion |
| Cause | Build-up of oxygen and hydrocarbon vapors in wastewater tank |
| Deaths | 17 |
| Non-fatal injuries | 5 |


title: Elijah Masinde

abstract: Elijah Masinde (c.1911–1987) was a Bukusu activist.

text:
# Elijah Masinde

**Elijah Masinde** (c.1911–1987) was a Bukusu activist.

## Early life

Born around 1910 – 1912 in Kimilili, Bungoma District, Masinde wa Nameme okhwa Mwasame was initiated into the Machego age-set. At the time, the Kenya-Uganda railway was passing through Ababukusu land. He began to practice football at a young age, eventually starting out as a footballer and captaining a football team from Kimilili. He also played for the Kenyan national team in the Gossage Cup against Uganda in 1930.

## Career

By the early 1940s, he had risen to the rank of a junior elder within his community in Kimilili area, and become increasingly anti-colonial. In 1944, he led a number of localised defiance campaigns against the colonial authorities, and was imprisoned many times as a result. At one time he was put in Mathare Mental Hospital, and on another occasion he was detained in Lamu.

## Detention, old age, and death

Upon Kenya's independence, Masinde was detained by the government of Jomo Kenyatta for almost 15 years. He was accused of fomenting religious hatred. He was released by the government of Daniel arap Moi in 1978, however, Moi also arrested him following his clashes with traffic policemen in Webuye and Kitale. Elija Masinde remained defiant and continually questioned post independence Kenya's government, especially on the issue of land distribution and citizen rights. He died in 1987, considered a neglected freedom fighter.

Before his death, Masinde said that one of his relatives had bewitched him. He also described to his elder son where he wanted to be buried: he wanted a huge sycamore tree uprooted to make way for his grave. The family decided to bury him elsewhere, though, but the spot they chose for his grave turned out to be someone else's hidden grave. They took this to be an omen and proceeded to bury him in the spot where the sycamore tree had been.

He left a widow, Sarah Nanyama Masinde. She was still alive in November 2007 and was then reportedly 105 years old.

* Makila, F. E. (1978) *An Outline History of Babukusu of Western Kenya.* Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Literature Bureau.
* Alembi, Ezekiel. (2000) Elijah Masinde: Rebel with a cause*. Nairobi, Kenya: Sasa Sema Publications Ltd.*


title: Flamstead F.C.

abstract: Flamstead F.C. was a football club based in the village of Flamstead, Hertfordshire, England connected to the village Sports & Social Club. They joined the South Midlands League Division One in 1990. For the 2006–07 season, they were members of the Spartan South Midlands League Division Two, but withdrew from the competition shortly after spanking rivals Markyate 5–0. A day to remember for all. Their final game was a bad tempered 1–3 home defeat to Padbury United in April 2007. They were not listed as a registered Football Club in the Hertfordshire FA handbook for season 2007–08 or 2008–09, and subsequently appear to have folded. However, although the club had planned to form a new football section and enter a local league for the 2009–10 season, this never came to fruition and it now appears that these plans have been shelved indefinitely.

text:
# Flamstead F.C.

**Flamstead F.C.** was a football club based in the village of Flamstead, Hertfordshire, England connected to the village Sports & Social Club. They joined the South Midlands League Division One in 1990. For the 2006–07 season, they were members of the Spartan South Midlands League Division Two, but withdrew from the competition shortly after spanking rivals Markyate 5–0. A day to remember for all. Their final game was a bad tempered 1–3 home defeat to Padbury United in April 2007.

They were not listed as a registered Football Club in the Hertfordshire FA handbook for season 2007–08 or 2008–09, and subsequently appear to have folded. However, although the club had planned to form a new football section and enter a local league for the 2009–10 season, this never came to fruition and it now appears that these plans have been shelved indefinitely.

## InfoBox

Flamstead
| Full name | Flamstead F.C. |
| --- | --- |
| League | Spartan South Midlands League
Division Two |
| 200708 | Spartan South Midlands League
Division Two, ? |