abstract: This was the 2007 IIHF World Women's U18 Championships Qualification. It decided the teams that participated in the 2008 IIHF World Women's U18 Championship. Group A was held in Vierumäki, Finland from February 9–11, 2007, Group B was held in Nymburk, Czech Republic from February 9–11, 2007, and Group C was held in Bad Tölz, Bavaria, Germany from February 16–18, 2007.

text:
# 2007 IIHF World Women's U18 Championship Qualification

This was the **2007 IIHF World Women's U18 Championships Qualification**. It decided the teams that participated in the 2008 IIHF World Women's U18 Championship.

Group A was held in Vierumäki, Finland from February 9–11, 2007, Group B was held in Nymburk, Czech Republic from February 9–11, 2007, and Group C was held in Bad Tölz, Bavaria, Germany from February 16–18, 2007.

## Qualification tournament

### Group A

| 9. February 2007 | Netherlands | 2:3 n.V.
(1:2, 0:0, 1:0, 0:1) | Switzerland | Versowood Areena, Vierumäki
Attendance: 11 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9. February 2007 | Finland | 4:0
(1:0, 2:0, 1:0) | Japan | Versowood Areena, Vierumäki
Attendance: 87 |
| 10. February 2007 | Switzerland | 2:1 n.V.
(1:0, 0:0, 0:1, 1:0) | Japan | Versowood Areena, Vierumäki
Attendance: 57 |
| 10. February 2007 | Finland | 18:0
(5:0, 7:0, 6:0) | Netherlands | Versowood Areena, Vierumäki
Attendance: 78 |
| 11. February 2007 | Finland | 2:1
(1:0, 0:1, 1:0) | Switzerland | Versowood Areena, Vierumäki
Attendance: 63 |
| 11. February 2007 | Japan | 4:3
(0:0, 4:0, 0:3) | Netherlands | Versowood Areena, Vierumäki
Attendance: 29 |

| Pl. |  | GP | W | OTW | OTL | L | GF–GA | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Finland | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24:1 | 9 |
| 2. | Switzerland | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 6:5 | 4 |
| 3. | Japan | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5:9 | 4 |
| 4. | Netherlands | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 5:25 | 1 |

### Group B

| 9. February 2007 | Kazakhstan | 1:4
(0:2, 0:1, 1:1) | Sweden | Zimní stadión, Nymburk
Attendance: 44 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9. February 2007 | Czech Republic | 3:1
(0:1, 3:0, 0:0) | Austria | Zimní stadión, Nymburk
Attendance: 115 |
| 10. February 2007 | Sweden | 5:1
(2:0, 1:0, 2:1) | Austria | Zimní stadión, Nymburk
Attendance: 37 |
| 10. February 2007 | Czech Republic | 11:1
(4:1, 6:0, 1:0) | Kazakhstan | Zimní stadión, Nymburk
Attendance: 131 |
| 11. February 2007 | Austria | 3:2
(0:1, 3:1, 0:0) | Kazakhstan | Zimní stadión, Nymburk
Attendance: 39 |
| 11. February 2007 | Czech Republic | 1:2
(0:0, 1:1, 0:1) | Sweden | Zimní stadión, Nymburk
Attendance: 171 |

| Pl. |  | GP | W | OTW | OTL | L | GF–GA | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Sweden | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11:3 | 9 |
| 2. | Czech Republic | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 15:4 | 6 |
| 3. | Austria | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5:10 | 3 |
| 4. | Kazakhstan | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4:18 | 0 |

### Group C

| 16. February 2007 | France | 3:8
(0:4, 1:2, 2:2) | Russia | Hacker-Pschorr Arena, Bad Tölz
Attendance: 43 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16. February 2007 | Germany | 2:0
(1:0, 1:0, 0:0) | Slovakia | Hacker-Pschorr Arena, Bad Tölz
Attendance: 140 |
| 17. February 2007 | Russia | 5:1
(3:1, 1:0, 1:0) | Slovakia | Hacker-Pschorr Arena, Bad Tölz |
| 17. February 2007 | Germany | 10:1
(1:0, 6:0, 3:1) | France | Hacker-Pschorr Arena, Bad Tölz
Attendance: 200 |
| 18. February 2007 | Slovakia | 3:2
(1:0, 1:0, 1:2) | France | Hacker-Pschorr Arena, Bad Tölz
Attendance: 125 |
| 18. February 2007 | Germany | 9:2
(1:1, 4:0, 4:1) | Russia | Hacker-Pschorr Arena, Bad Tölz
Attendance: 420 |

| Pl. |  | GP | W | OTW | OTL | L | GF–GA | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Germany | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21:3 | 9 |
| 2. | Russia | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 15:13 | 6 |
| 3. | Slovakia | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4:9 | 3 |
| 4. | France | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6:21 | 0 |

## Qualified teams

| **Qualified for 2008 tournament:** | Germany
Finland
Russia
Sweden
Switzerland
Czech Republic |
| --- | --- |


title: Audubon Trolley Station

abstract: Audubon Trolley Station is a historic trolley station located at Wilmington, New Hanover County, North Carolina. It was built in 1911, and is a small reinforced concrete shelter in the Mission Revival style. It consists of four reinforced concrete walls radiating out from a central point to form a Greek cross in plan. The replacement roof is covered by rounded terra cotta tile glazed with a green color. The trolley line to Wrightsville Beach ceased operating in 1940. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

text:
# Audubon Trolley Station

**Audubon Trolley Station** is a historic trolley station located at Wilmington, New Hanover County, North Carolina. It was built in 1911, and is a small reinforced concrete shelter in the Mission Revival style. It consists of four reinforced concrete walls radiating out from a central point to form a Greek cross in plan. The replacement roof is covered by rounded terra cotta tile glazed with a green color. The trolley line to Wrightsville Beach ceased operating in 1940.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Audubon Trolley Station | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Audubon Trolley Station, September 2009 | |
|  | |
| Location | Jct. of Park Ave. and Audubon Blvd., Wilmington, North Carolina |
| Coordinates | 34°12′55″N 77°53′47″W / 34.21528°N 77.89639°W / 34.21528; -77.89639 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1911 (1911) |
| Built by | Tidewater Power Co. |
| Architectural style | Mission/spanish Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 93000736 |
| Added to NRHP | August 5, 1993 |


title: Eulimella cerullii

abstract: Eulimella cerullii is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

text:
# Eulimella cerullii

***Eulimella cerullii*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## Description

The size of the shell varies between 3.5 mm and 7 mm. The thin, semitransparent, white shell is very glossy. The teleoconch contains ten whorls that are flattened and with a slight suture. The columella has a small, tooth-like thickening.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the following locations:

* "*Eulimella cerullii*". *Gastropods.com*. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
* CLEMAM
* Encyclopedia of Life
* World Register of Marine Species

## InfoBox

| *Eulimella cerullii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Drawing of a shell of *Eulimella cerullii* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Family: | Pyramidellidae |
| Genus: | *Eulimella* |
| Species: | ***E. cerullii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eulimella cerullii***<br>(Cossmann, 1916) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eulimella praelonga* (Jeffreys, 1884) * *Odostomia praelonga* Jeffreys, 1884 (not *Odostomia praelonga* Deshayes, 1861) * *Syrnola cerullii* Cossmann, 1916 | |


title: Eulimella coena

abstract: Eulimella coena is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

text:
# Eulimella coena

***Eulimella coena*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## InfoBox

| *Eulimella coena* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Family: | Pyramidellidae |
| Genus: | *Eulimella* |
| Species: | ***E. coena*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eulimella coena***<br>Webster, 1905 | |
|


title: EcoProIT

abstract: EcoProIT is a project initiated at Chalmers University of Technology at the department of Product and Production Development. The project aims to provide production engineers a tool for detailed ecological footprint analyses, which are becoming more important in terms of marketing and legislation. A published report by MIT in 2011 showed companies thought that environmental sustainable strategy is, or will be, vital to be competitive. The report included many sectors, e.g. covering medicals, automobiles and consumer products. EcoProIT will design a tool for industrial applications used for detailed environmental footprint analyses of their production systems and the products produced using simulation. The tool will simulate the production and analyze the product's environmental footprint in a standardized way. It will also be possible to use the tool for bench marking between different sites. The aim for the tool puts high requirements on standardized methods and data management.

text:
# EcoProIT

**EcoProIT** is a project initiated at Chalmers University of Technology at the department of Product and Production Development. The project aims to provide production engineers a tool for detailed ecological footprint analyses, which are becoming more important in terms of marketing and legislation. A published report by MIT in 2011 showed companies thought that environmental sustainable strategy is, or will be, vital to be competitive. The report included many sectors, e.g. covering medicals, automobiles and consumer products. EcoProIT will design a tool for industrial applications used for detailed environmental footprint analyses of their production systems and the products produced using simulation. The tool will simulate the production and analyze the product's environmental footprint in a standardized way. It will also be possible to use the tool for bench marking between different sites. The aim for the tool puts high requirements on standardized methods and data management.

## Vision - Tool usage

The vision of the usage of EcoProIT is important. Company A, who is a big and important stakeholder, is the main user of the tool in Figure 1. They require their close supplier partner to use the same tool. Company A and supplier A and B then set up an internal connection of their tools. The connection makes the input information for Company A up to date for every use. Company A also sets up a connection to their close partners that buy or distribute Company A's products. It will then be possible to give a good estimation of the impact total specific distribution chain that will be up to data. The information can be used to inform the end users about total costs for the production data. The up to date chain gives a possibility to show the consumers that the company makes progress in lowering the environmental impact. Every improvement is delivered directly to the customers, and the new marketing possibility show what the production department is doing for the environment.

All information that is produced by the tool should be able to be uploaded to the central EcoProIT Database that stores it in a standardized way to be able to be used by other companies. The tool is also connected to other LCA databases to be able to use as input for the raw materials used in the production. Figure 1 shows a schematic view on how the system could be connected.

## Environmental Activity-Based Costing

As an approach to calculation of the impact, activity-based costing (ABC) will be used for calculations of environmental costs. Emblemssvåg and Bras worked and analyzed the ABC as a method for environmental analyses. The method substitutes the cost for the production in money with an environmental emission, e.g. CO2 emissions. The emissions are measured and calculated from the energy and resources used. Then the emissions are allocated to the different products produced using the resources in the model.

The problems with ABC is that it requires a lot of data for a qualitative and accurate allocation of the cost from the resources. This is why the method fits well into a DES model. During a run In a DES environment it is easy to grab lot of detailed results needed for accurate allocation. The problem is that DES require a lot of initial effort to build the model. The approach to analyze environmental impact in a DES model is only beneficial if there is requirements for detailed analyzes and “what-if” scenarios is needed.

## Hierarchically modeling approach

When LCA is included in a production simulation model, there is a bigger need for output information to perform the calculations. To be able to allocate environmental load that origins from the facilities the product that used the facility need to be traced. Environmental load that origin form the maintenance needs to be allocated based on the machines use of the maintenance. Machines that use other resources as compressed air or other supporting machines needs to be associated to trace the usage of those resources to be able to allocate the environmental load to the products that used the machine.

Andersson, J et al. (2012) proposed to model the machines and resources in a hierarchy. The approach is based on that all product types have attributes with weight and size. The attributes is used together with the time the product has been in each resources to allocate the environmental load to all products using the resource at the same time. A product that is using a machine is also using the machines and facilities in the upper hierarchy. The approach supports increasingly detailed modeling. The modeler increase the level of detail by model each box in greater detail in a lower lever in the hierarchy. The modeler can in other nodes stay at a brief level with less dynamics.

## Verification/Validation Strategies

Environmental impact is in general hard to validate. To be able to trust the models is very important that the models are transparent and provide multiple levels of verification. The strategy here is to not calculate everything in the simulation model and instead provide results, which can be verified, to calculate the used resources from. E.g. from the amount of processing time for a machine it is possible to calculate the used energy. From the used resources upstream processes required to produce the resources can be included to get a total emission for the production, e.g. if the emissions to produce one kWh electricity is 0.1 kgCO2 then the 4 kWh electricity used in a machine give an emission of 0.4 kgCO2. The concept is called Level of Equation. The basis is to divide the calculations of environmental impact into 4 levels

* Process times, lead times, idle times, setup times, etc.
* Consumption of resources e.g. Electricity, steal, oil, etc.
* Emissions
* Environmental impact, e.g. \[GWP\]

## Sponsors

The main sponsor for the project is ProViking accompanied by a few big industrial partners.


title: Alvania corneti

abstract: Alvania corneti is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.

text:
# Alvania corneti

***Alvania corneti*** is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 1.8 mm and 2 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off the Cape Verde.

* Rolán E. (2005). Malacological Fauna From The Cape Verde Archipelago. Part 1, Polyplacophora and Gastropoda. ConchBooks. Hackenheim. ISBN 3-325319-73-2. 455 pp

## InfoBox

| *Alvania corneti* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Rissoidae |
| Genus: | *Alvania* |
| Species: | ***A. corneti*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Alvania corneti***<br>Hoenselaar & Goud, 1998 | |
|


title: Anna Kerrison

abstract: Anna Louise Kerrison is an Irish cricketer who plays for Scorchers and Ireland. In October 2014, at the age of 16, she became the first female cricketer to train at the Darren Lehmann Cricket Academy in Australia. In May 2019, she was added to Ireland's Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) squad for their series against the West Indies. She made her WT20I debut for Ireland against the West Indies on 28 May 2019.

text:
# Anna Kerrison

**Anna Louise Kerrison** (born 10 September 1998) is an Irish cricketer who plays for Scorchers and Ireland. In October 2014, at the age of 16, she became the first female cricketer to train at the Darren Lehmann Cricket Academy in Australia.

In May 2019, she was added to Ireland's Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) squad for their series against the West Indies. She made her WT20I debut for Ireland against the West Indies on 28 May 2019.

## InfoBox

Anna Kerrison
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Anna Louise Kerrison |
| Born | (1998-09-10) 10 September 1998<br>England |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm off break |
| Role | Bowler |
| International information | |
| National side |  |
| T20I debut (cap 43) | 28 May 2019 v West Indies |
| Last T20I | 29 May 2019 v West Indies |
|  | |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 2015–2018 | Scorchers |
| 2017 | Typhoons |
| 2019 | Dragons |
| 2020–present | Scorchers |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition WT20I  Matches 2  Runs scored   Batting average   100s/50s   Top score   Balls bowled 30  Wickets 0  Bowling average   5 wickets in innings 0  10 wickets in match 0  Best bowling   Catches/stumpings 0/– | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 26 May 2021 | |


title: (If Paradise Is) Half as Nice

abstract: "(If Paradise Is) Half as Nice" is a popular 1968 song. Originally written by the Italian singer-songwriter Lucio Battisti under the title "Il paradiso", it was first recorded by Italian singer Ambra Borelli and released as a single through Dischi Ricordi under alias La Ragazza 77. Although her version did not chart, it was later covered by other artists to much success, most notably by Patty Pravo and Amen Corner in 1969.

text:
# (If Paradise Is) Half as Nice

"**(If Paradise Is) Half as Nice**" is a popular 1968 song. Originally written by the Italian singer-songwriter Lucio Battisti under the title "Il paradiso" ("The Paradise"), it was first recorded by Italian singer Ambra Borelli and released as a single through Dischi Ricordi under alias La Ragazza 77. Although her version did not chart, it was later covered by other artists to much success, most notably by Patty Pravo (in Italian) and Amen Corner (in English) in 1969.

## Patty Pravo version

Patty Pravo recorded the song under the shortened title "Il paradiso" for her second studio album *Concerto per Patty*. The track was released as a single in early 1969 and reached the top 10 in the Italian chart. It was performed at Festivalbar. Pravo re-recorded the song on her 2019 album *Red* to mark the 50th anniversary of the original version.

### Track listing

* **7-inch single**

A. "Il paradiso" (Lucio Battisti, Giulio Rapetti Mogol) – 2:44 B. "Scende la notte, sale la luna" (Gianni Meccia, Bruno Zambrini) – 3:03

### Charts

#### Weekly charts

| Chart (1969) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Italy (*Musica e dischi*) | 8 |

## Amen Corner version

| "(If Paradise Is) Half as Nice" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Amen Corner | |
| from the album  *Farewell to the Real Magnificent Seven* | |
| Released | 1969 |
| Genre | Pop rock |
| Length | 2:50 |
| Label | Immediate |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Shel Talmy |
| Amen Corner singles chronology | |
| "High in the Sky"
(1968) "**(If Paradise Is) Half as Nice**"
(1969) "Let the Good Times Roll and Feel So Good"
(1969) | |

The song was translated into English by Jack Fishman. When it was offered to The Tremeloes as a potential single, they rejected it. It was then recorded by Amen Corner as their debut single for their new record label, Immediate Records, and was produced by Shel Talmy. The most successful of the band's six hit singles, it reached number one on the UK Singles Chart for two weeks in February 1969, and number 34 when it was reissued in 1976. There are two differing versions of the song by Amen Corner; one with orchestra and a prominent horn through the middle eight, and one version without either. However, the basic track and vocals appear the same in both.

### Track listing

A. "(If Paradise Is) Half as Nice" (Lucio Battisti, Jack Fishman) – 2:50 B. "Hey Hey Girl" (Andy Fairweather Low) – 3:05

### Charts

| Chart (1969) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) | 14 |
| Belgium (Ultratop Flanders) | 15 |
| Belgium (Ultratop Wallonia) | 27 |
| Germany (Media Control) | 12 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 4 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 15 |
| Norway (VG-lista) | 7 |
| UK Singles Chart (OCC) | 1 |
|

## Other cover versions

## InfoBox

| "Il paradiso" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Patty Pravo | |
| from the album  **Concerto per Patty** | |
| Released | 1969 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 2:44 |
| Label | RCA Italiana |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Patty Pravo singles chronology | |
| "Tripoli 1969"
(1968) "**Il paradiso**"
(1969) "Concerto per Patty"
(1969) | |
|  | |
| "Il paradiso" (audio) on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Elizabeth Fennema

abstract: Ann Elizabeth Fennema was an American educator specializing in the teaching of mathematics.

text:
# Elizabeth Fennema

**Ann Elizabeth Fennema** (née **Hammer**; April 8, 1928 – December 20, 2021) was an American educator specializing in the teaching of mathematics.

## Early life and education

Fennema was born in El Dorado, Kansas, on April 8, 1928, and attended the local Methodist college for two years, before transferring to Kansas State University where she majored in psychology. She received her master's degree in education from the University of Wisconsin in 1952.

In 1962 Kathryn Clarenbach (a founder of NOW) sent out a questionnaire inquiring of unemployed or underemployed wives of university professors who were interested in a career. As a result of this process Fennema was asked to be a supervisor of student teachers. In this position she worked for Vere DeVault who encouraged her to pursue a doctorate in education and served as her dissertation adviser. She began in 1962 and received the degree in 1969 in curriculum and instruction in mathematics education. In 1962 "new math" was in vogue and many educators were thinking deeply about how to teach mathematical understanding to students. Fennema recognized the importance of a good foundation in mathematics was critical for all students leading to her interest in math education.

## Career

After finishing her PhD she was hired as a half time, non-tenured track, position. In 1970 the University created part-time tenured-track positions and Fennema obtained one of the positions.

Fennema and Julia Sherman applied for a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) research grant to examine factors in mathematics classroom that might be associated with gender, resulting in the "Fennema-Sherman studies". Fennema and her associates have spent over 25 years researching interactions of girls and young women in mathematics classrooms. One outgrowth of this was a questionnaire, the "Fennema-Sherman Scales" to enable researchers to gather data on the attitudes of young women towards mathematics, and the results from different sites compared. She and her colleagues have also developed an innovative method of teaching mathematics called Cognitively Guided Instruction. The Cognitively Guided Instruction (CGI) philosophy is detailed in *Children's Mathematics* which she co-authored with Thomas Carpenter, Megan Loef Franke, Linda Levi, and Susan Empson.

She retired from the University of Wisconsin at the end of the 1995–1996 academic year.

## Awards

Fennema received the first *Annual Award for Outstanding Contribution to Research on Women and Education* from the American Educational Research Association (Special Interest Group for Research on Women in Education) in 1985. She received the Dora Helen Skypek Award from the Association for Women and Mathematics Education in 1986.

She received a Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Mount Mary College in 1994. She received the 2021 National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) Lifetime Achievement Award.

## Personal life and death

Fennema married Owen Fennema in 1948. She died on December 20, 2021.

## Sources

* *Notable Women in Mathematics, a Biographical Dictionary*, edited by Charlene Morrow and Teri Perl, Greenwood Press, 1998. pp 51–56


title: Elato

abstract: Elato is a coral atoll of three islands in the central Caroline Islands in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district in Yap State in the Federated States of Micronesia. It is located approximately 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) west of Lamotrek. Its population was 96 in 2000, living on 0.5 km⁲ (0.19 sq mi).

text:
# Elato

Elatoclass=notpageimage|Location of Elato in the Pacific Ocean

**Elato** is a coral atoll of three islands in the central Caroline Islands in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district in Yap State in the Federated States of Micronesia. It is located approximately 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) west of Lamotrek. Its population was 96 in 2000, living on 0.5 km2 (0.19 sq mi).

## Geography

The island is a double atoll with a total length of 14 kilometers (8.7 mi), and up to 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) wide. The northern component, called Elato, contains two lagoons and three islets. It is connected to the southern component, called Lamolior, by a narrow submarine ridge. Lamolior has two islets. Both components are part of the same seamount. The total land area for both components combined is only 0.526 square kilometers (0.203 sq mi). Nearby Olimarao Atoll belongs administratively to Elato.

## History

As with all of the Caroline Islands, sovereignty passed to the Empire of Germany in 1899. The island came under the control of the Empire of Japan after World War I, and was subsequently administered under the South Seas Mandate. Following World War II, the island came under the control of the United States of America and was administered as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands from 1947, and became part of the Federated States of Micronesia from 1979.

* *Columbia Gazetteer of the World*. Vol. 1, p. 900

## InfoBox

Elato
| NASA picture of Elato Atoll | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | North Pacific |
| Coordinates | 7°29′N 146°09′E / 7.483°N 146.150°E / 7.483; 146.150 |
| Archipelago | Caroline |
| Total islands | 3 |
| Area | 0.526 km2 (0.203 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 2 m (7 ft) |
| Administration | |
| **Federated States of Micronesia** | |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 96 (2000) |
| Ethnic groups | Micronesian |


title: Elatobium

abstract: Elatobium is a genus of insects in the family Aphididae containing five species of aphids that feed on the foliage of trees.

text:
# Elatobium

***Elatobium*** is a genus of insects in the family Aphididae containing five species of aphids that feed on the foliage of trees.

## Species

The genus includes five species:

## InfoBox

| *Elatobium* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Sternorrhyncha |
| Family: | Aphididae |
| Subfamily: | Aphidinae |
| Genus: | *Elatobium*<br>Mordvilko, 1914 |
|


title: Elatobia montelliella

abstract: Elatobia montelliella is a moth of the family Tineidae. It is found in Finland, as well as North America where has been recorded from Alberta and Utah. The wingspan is 16–22 mm.

text:
# Elatobia montelliella

***Elatobia montelliella*** is a moth of the family Tineidae. It is found in Finland, as well as North America where has been recorded from Alberta and Utah.

The wingspan is 16–22 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Elatobia montelliella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tineidae |
| Genus: | *Elatobia* |
| Species: | ***E. montelliella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Elatobia montelliella***<br>(Schantz, 1951) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Tinea montelliella* Schantz, 1951 | |


title: 0.1 Flaws and All

abstract: 0.1 Flaws and All. is the debut studio album by the South Korean indie rock band Wave to Earth. The album was released on April 20, 2023.

text:
# 0.1 Flaws and All

***0.1 Flaws and All.*** is the debut studio album by the South Korean indie rock band Wave to Earth. The album was released on April 20, 2023.

## Background

*0.1 Flaws and All* is recorded with a bright pop sound on *A side* and a jazz sound on *B side* that drives its "dark atmosphere". Kim Daniel said in an interview: "I think everyone can be perfect when they acknowledge their flaws rather than ignore or hide them. I wanted to deliver this message."

## Track listing

Disc 1
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Bad" | 4:23 |
| 2. | "Sunny Days" | 4:08 |
| 3. | "Peach Eyes" | 3:05 |
| 4. | "Evening Glow" | 3:36 |
| 5. | "Pink Horizon" | 0:59 |
| 6. | "Pink" | 4:27 |
| 7. | "Calla" | 4:19 |
| 8. | "Love." ("사랑으로") | 5:07 |

Disc 2
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Homesick" | 5:06 |
| 2. | "Dried Flower" | 3:39 |
| 3. | "Sunburn" | 3:32 |
| 4. | "Akira" | 2:42 |
| 5. | "Nouvelle Vague" | 3:49 |
| 6. | "So Real" | 4:33 |

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for *0.1 Flaws and All*
| Chart (2023) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| South Korean Albums (Circle Chart) | 20 |

## InfoBox

| 0.1 Flaws and All | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Wave to Earth | |
| Released | April 20, 2023 (2023-04-20) |
| Genre | Indie rock |
| Length | 53:25 |
| Label | Wavy |
| Producer | Kim Daniel |
| Wave to Earth chronology | |
| *Summer Flows 0.02*
(2020) ***0.1 Flaws and All***
(2023) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *0.1 Flaws and All* | |
| 1. "Nouvelle Vague"
Released: November 24, 2021 2. "Calla"
Released: June 8, 2022 3. "Dried Flower"
Released: October 11, 2022 | |
|  | |


abstract: 1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed is a 2014 non-fiction book about the Late Bronze Age collapse by American archaeologist Eric H. Cline. It was published by Princeton University Press. An updated edition was published in 2021.

text:
# 1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed

***1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed*** is a 2014 non-fiction book about the Late Bronze Age collapse by American archaeologist Eric H. Cline. It was published by Princeton University Press. An updated edition was published in 2021.

## Description

The book focuses on Cline's hypothesis for the Late Bronze Age collapse of civilization, a transition period that affected the Egyptians, Hittites, Canaanites, Cypriots, Minoans, Mycenaeans, Assyrians and Babylonians; varied heterogeneous cultures populating eight powerful and flourishing states intermingling via trade, commerce, exchange and "cultural piggybacking," despite "all the difficulties of travel and time". He presents evidence to support a "perfect storm" of "multiple interconnected failures," meaning that more than one natural and man-made cataclysm caused the disintegration and demise of an ancient civilization that incorporated "empires and globalized peoples." This ended the Bronze Age, and ended the Mycenaean, Minoan, Trojan, Hittite, and Babylonian cultures.

Before this book, the leading hypothesis during previous decades attributed the civilizations' collapse mostly to Sea Peoples of unknown origin.

## Awards

The book has won the following awards:

## Further reading

## InfoBox

1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed
| Cover of the first edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Eric H. Cline |
| Audio read by | Andy Caploe |
| Language | English |
| Series | Turning Points in Ancient History |
| Subject | Late Bronze Age collapse |
| Publisher | Princeton University Press |
| Publication date | 2014 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print, e-book, audio book |
| Pages | 264 |
| Awards | **2014** The New York Post's Best Books. **2014** The Australian's Best Books of the Year. **2015** The Federalist's Notable Books. |
| ISBN | 9780691140896 |
| Dewey Decimal | 930.1'56-dc23 |
| LC Class | GN778.25.C55 2014 https://lccn.loc.gov/2013032059 |
| Website | Publisher - 1177 B.C |


title: Animal Place

abstract: Animal Place, which was founded in 1989, is one of the oldest and largest sanctuaries for farmed animals in the United States. The main facility is located on 600 acres in Grass Valley, and provides refuge to roughly 300 neglected farmed animals at one time. In addition to the permanent sanctuary, Animal Place operates a 12-acre adoption center in Petaluma.

text:
# Animal Place

**Animal Place**, which was founded in 1989, is one of the oldest and largest sanctuaries for farmed animals in the United States. The main facility is located on 600 acres in Grass Valley, and provides refuge to roughly 300 neglected farmed animals at one time. In addition to the permanent sanctuary, Animal Place operates a 12-acre adoption center in Petaluma.

## History

Animal Place was started in 1989 by Kim Sturla and Ned Buyukmihci, who purchased sixty acres in Vacaville, California. In 2009, the sanctuary purchased its 600 acre permanent sanctuary in Grass Valley.

Once the Grass Valley site was acquired, the original Vacaville location became known as the *Rescue Ranch*, and was used as a location to adopt out animals who were not going to live permanently in Grass Valley. In 2018, the Vacaville location was sold because local ordinances required that no more than 100 animals live on the property at one time. In 2019, a 12 acre replacement property, dubbed the *Rescue Ranch 2.0*, was purchased in Petaluma.

## Mission

Animal Place extends support to all life with a special emphasis on farmed animals. This is executed by providing permanent sanctuary, education, legislation and appropriate placement of needy animals.

## Awards

Animal Place (Grass Valley, CA) won first prize in the “Best Sanctuary” category, earning $50,000 for the organization.

## Tax exempt status

Animal Place is a 501(c)(3) charitable organization.

## InfoBox

Animal Place
|
|  |
| Formation | 1989 (1989) |
| Founders | Kim Sturla and Ned Buyukmihci |
| Tax ID no. | 68-0200668 |
| Legal status | 501(c)(3) |
| Purpose | Animal protection |
| Location |  |
| Website | animalplace.org |


title: Ann Dooley

abstract: Ann Dooley is a professor emerita with the Centre for Medieval Studies and the Celtic Studies Program at St. Michael's College at the University of Toronto where she specializes in Irish literature. She has published a translation of Acallam na Senórach entitled Tales of the Elders of Ireland as well as a study of Táin Bó Cuailnge entitled Playing the Hero: Reading the Irish Saga Táin Bó Cuailnge.

text:
# Ann Dooley

**Ann Dooley** is a professor emerita with the Centre for Medieval Studies and the Celtic Studies Program at St. Michael's College at the University of Toronto where she specializes in Irish literature. She has published a translation of *Acallam na Senórach* entitled *Tales of the Elders of Ireland* as well as a study of *Táin Bó Cuailnge* entitled *Playing the Hero: Reading the Irish Saga* Táin Bó Cuailnge.

## Published works

* Dooley, Ann; and Roe, Harry (translators) (1999). *Tales of the Elders of Ireland*. Oxford. ISBN 0-19-283918-7
* Dooley, Ann. (2006). *Playing the Hero: Reading the Irish Saga* Táin Bó Cuailnge*.* Toronto. ISBN 978-0-8020-3832-6


title: Angé

abstract: Angé is a commune in the Loir-et-Cher department in central France.

text:
# Angé

**Angé** (French pronunciation: \[ɑ̃ʒe\]) is a commune in the Loir-et-Cher department in central France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 642 |  |
| 1975 | 650 | +0.18% |
| 1982 | 664 | +0.30% |
| 1990 | 751 | +1.55% |
| 1999 | 791 | +0.58% |
| 2007 | 780 | −0.17% |
| 2012 | 848 | +1.69% |
| 2017 | 882 | +0.79% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Angé | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
|  | |
| Location of Angé | |
| AngéAngé | |
| Coordinates: 47°19′55″N 1°14′38″E / 47.332°N 1.244°E / 47.332; 1.244 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Centre-Val de Loire |
| Department | Loir-et-Cher |
| Arrondissement | Romorantin-Lanthenay |
| Canton | Saint-Aignan |
| Intercommunality | Val de Cher - Controis |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20212026) | Daniel Boisgard |
| Area**1** | 17.36 km2 (6.70 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 805 |
| Density | 46/km2 (120/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 41002 /41400 |
| Elevation | 59–172 m (194–564 ft)
(avg. 68 m or 223 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Angèle Rawiri

abstract: Angèle Christiane Rawiri or Angèle Ntyugwetondo Rawiri (1954-2010) was a Gabonese writer. She was born in 1954 in Port-Gentil, and was the daughter of Georges Rawiri, a Gabonese politician, diplomat and poet who was a friend of President Omar Bongo. She was orphaned age 6. She studied at university in France. She then lived in London for two years, where she worked as a model and actress. She returned to Gabon in the late 1970s and worked as a French-English translator for a Gabonese oil company, Société Nationale Pétrolière Gabonaise, while beginning to write. At the end of the 1980s, she returned to France and devoted herself to writing. Her novel Elonga, published in 1980, denounces the scourge of witchcraft and occult sciences through the return home of a young mixed-race man. Her second novel, G'amèrakano au carrefour, was published in 1983. It deals with the confrontation between tradition and modernity in his native country through the story of a young secretary, Toula, who lives in an eccentric and sinister neighbourhood where she rubs shoulders with delinquents and idlers. She longs for a different life. A friend suggests that she lose weight, go out with a rich man and lighten her skin. It was in France that she completed and published her best-known novel, The Fury and Cries of Women (1989), which evokes the frustrations of young people who have lived abroad in relation to certain obstacles in Gabonese society, the weight of families, infidelity and female homosexuality. She belongs to a new post-independence generation of African novelists with a significant female presence. She died in November 2010 in Puteaux, near Paris. Rawiri is also the mother of a young woman who still lives in the Paris region. She published her first works under the name Ntyugwetondo Rawiri.

text:
# Angèle Rawiri

**Angèle Christiane Rawiri** or **Angèle Ntyugwetondo Rawiri** (1954-2010) was a Gabonese writer. She was born in 1954 in Port-Gentil, and was the daughter of Georges Rawiri, a Gabonese politician, diplomat and poet who was a friend of President Omar Bongo. She was orphaned age 6. She studied at university in France. She then lived in London for two years, where she worked as a model and actress (notably in supporting roles in James Bond films). She returned to Gabon in the late 1970s and worked as a French-English translator for a Gabonese oil company, Société Nationale Pétrolière Gabonaise (still called Petrogab), while beginning to write. At the end of the 1980s, she returned to France and devoted herself to writing.

Her novel *Elonga*, published in 1980, denounces the scourge of witchcraft and occult sciences through the return home of a young mixed-race man. Her second novel, *G'amèrakano au carrefour*, was published in 1983. It deals with the confrontation between tradition and modernity in his native country through the story of a young secretary, Toula, who lives in an eccentric and sinister neighbourhood where she rubs shoulders with delinquents and idlers. She longs for a different life. A friend suggests that she lose weight, go out with a rich man and lighten her skin.

It was in France that she completed and published her best-known novel, *The Fury and Cries of Women* (1989), which evokes the frustrations of young people who have lived abroad in relation to certain obstacles in Gabonese society, the weight of families, infidelity and female homosexuality.

She belongs to a new post-independence generation of African novelists with a significant female presence.

She died in November 2010 in Puteaux, near Paris.

Rawiri is also the mother of a young woman who still lives in the Paris region.

She published her first works under the name Ntyugwetondo Rawiri.

## Published works

* *Elonga: roman* Paris: Silex: L’Harmattan, diffusion, c1986. ISBN 2-903871-72-8
* *Gʾamèrakano: au carrefour: roman* Paris: Silex, c1988. ISBN 2-87693-021-8
* *Fureurs et cris de femme* Paris: L’Harmattan, c1989. ISBN 2-7384-0250-X

* David E. Gardinier, *Historical Dictionary of Gabon*, 2nd ed. (The Scarecrow Press, 1994) p. 287

Angèle Rawiri interview for Vidéo Lire. Angèle Rawiri interview for Amina magazine


title: 1964 British West Indies Championships

abstract: The 1964 British West Indies Championships was the fifth edition of the track and field competition between British colony nations in the Caribbean. This marked the relaunching of the competition after a three-year break, during which the West Indies Federation had been dissolved. It was held in Kingston, Jamaica. A total of 25 events were contested, fifteen by men and ten by women. The 400 metres was added to the women's programme. The number of men's events was reduced, with the 10,000 metres, half marathon, pole vault and relay races all being dropped. Bahamian 100 metres runner Tom Robinson was the only athlete to defend his title from the 1960 championships, although multiple former champion George Kerr topped the podium in a different middle-distance event. John Mowatt completed a double in the 5000 metres and 3000 metres steeplechase. The versatile Jamaican Wellesley Clayton took both the 110 metres hurdles and long jump gold medals. Jamaica completed a sweep of the women's titles and had three double champions: Carmen Smith, Una Morris and Joan Gordon. All the champions are known, but data is limited for the minor medallists.

text:
# 1964 British West Indies Championships

The **1964 British West Indies Championships** was the fifth edition of the track and field competition between British colony nations in the Caribbean. This marked the relaunching of the competition after a three-year break, during which the West Indies Federation had been dissolved. It was held in Kingston, Jamaica. A total of 25 events were contested, fifteen by men and ten by women. The 400 metres was added to the women's programme. The number of men's events was reduced, with the 10,000 metres, half marathon, pole vault and relay races all being dropped.

Bahamian 100 metres runner Tom Robinson was the only athlete to defend his title from the 1960 championships, although multiple former champion George Kerr topped the podium in a different middle-distance event. John Mowatt completed a double in the 5000 metres and 3000 metres steeplechase. The versatile Jamaican Wellesley Clayton took both the 110 metres hurdles and long jump gold medals. Jamaica completed a sweep of the women's titles and had three double champions: Carmen Smith (100 m and 80 metres hurdles), Una Morris (200 m and 400 m) and Joan Gordon (shot put and discus throw).

All the champions are known, but data is limited for the minor medallists.

## Medal summary

### Men

| Event | Gold | | Silver | | Bronze | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 100 metres | Tom Robinson (BAH) | 10.3 | Lyn Headley (JAM) | 10.4 | Patrick Robinson (JAM) | 10.5 |
| 200 metres | George Collie (BAH) | 21.5 | Pablo McNeil (JAM) | 21.6 | Clifton Forbes (JAM) | 21.6 |
| 400 metres | Rupert Hoilette (JAM) | 47.2 | Mal Spence (JAM) | 48.2 | Unknown athlete | ??? |
| 800 metres | Stanley Dunwell (JAM) | 1:54.2 | Casper Springer (BAR) | 1:54.5 | Unknown athlete | ??? |
| 1500 metres | George Kerr (JAM) | 3:52.6 | Neville Myton (JAM) | 3:53.7 | Unknown athlete | ??? |
| 5000 metres | John Mowatt (JAM) | 16:08.9 | Unknown athlete | ??? | Unknown athlete | ??? |
| 110 m hurdles | Wellesley Clayton (JAM) | 15.6 | Unknown athlete | ??? | Unknown athlete | ??? |
| 400 m hurdles | Anthony Carr (JAM) | 56.8 | Unknown athlete | ??? | Unknown athlete | ??? |
| 3000 metres steeplechase | John Mowatt (JAM) | 9:42.2 | Unknown athlete | ??? | Unknown athlete | ??? |
| High jump | Henry Jackson (JAM) | 1.90 m | Anton Norris (BAR) | 1.90 m | Unknown athlete | ??? m |
| Long jump | Wellesley Clayton (JAM) | 7.47 m | Victor Brooks (JAM) | 7.45 m | Unknown athlete | ??? m |
| Triple jump | Victor Brooks (JAM) | 14.58 m | Unknown athlete | ??? m | Unknown athlete | ??? m |
| Shot put | Carlton Spencer (JAM) | 14.22 m | Unknown athlete | ??? m | Unknown athlete | ??? m |
| Discus throw | Robert Darlow (JAM) | 45.59 m | Unknown athlete | ??? m | Unknown athlete | ??? m |
| Javelin throw | Hugh Malcolm (JAM) | 50.33 m | Unknown athlete | ??? m | Unknown athlete | ??? m |

### Women

| Event | Gold | | Silver | | Bronze | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 100 metres | Carmen Smith (JAM) | 11.8 | Adlin Mair (JAM) | 11.9 | Unknown athlete | ??? |
| 200 metres | Una Morris (JAM) | 24.1 | Adlin Mair (JAM) | 24.5 | Carmen Smith (JAM) | 24.5 |
| 400 metres | Una Morris (JAM) | 58.0 | Unknown athlete | ??? | Unknown athlete | ??? |
| 80 m hurdles | Carmen Smith (JAM) | 11.4 | Adlin Mair (JAM) | 11.4 | Unknown athlete | ??? |
| 4×100 m relay | Jamaica (JAM) | 46.5 | Unknown team | ??? | Unknown team | ??? |
| High jump | Pauline Rodney (JAM) | 1.45 m | Unknown athlete | ??? m | Unknown athlete | ??? m |
| Long jump | Beverley Welsh (JAM) | 5.60 m | Unknown athlete | ??? m | Unknown athlete | ??? m |
| Shot put | Joan Gordon (JAM) | 10.58 m | Unknown athlete | ??? m | Unknown athlete | ??? m |
| Discus throw | Joan Gordon (JAM) | 34.77 m | Unknown athlete | ??? m | Unknown athlete | ??? m |
| Javelin throw | Jean Blake (JAM) | 39.01 m | Unknown athlete | ??? m | Unknown athlete | ??? m |

Medallists


title: Election forensics

abstract: Election forensics are methods used to determine if election results are statistically normal or statistically abnormal, which can indicate electoral fraud. It uses statistical tools to determine if observed election results differ from normally occurring patterns. These tools can be relatively simple, such as looking at the frequency of integers and using 2nd Digit Benford's law, or can be more complex and involve machine learning techniques.

text:
# Election forensics

**Election forensics** are methods used to determine if election results are statistically normal or statistically abnormal, which can indicate electoral fraud. It uses statistical tools to determine if observed election results differ from normally occurring patterns. These tools can be relatively simple, such as looking at the frequency of integers and using 2nd Digit Benford's law, or can be more complex and involve machine learning techniques.

## Method

Election forensics can use various approaches. Methods include :

* Testing for correlation between vote share of a party and turnout (to detect ballot stuffing).
* Checking whether votes received for candidates, obey Benford's law.
* Checking for disproportionate presence of 0s in precinct vote totals, or of rounded numbers in vote shares.
* Deviation from statistical laws observed in election data.
* Using machine learning algorithms to detect anomalies.

## Application

Between 1978 and 2004, a 2010 review concluded that 61% of elections examined from more than 170 countries showed some signs of election fraud, with major fraud in 27% of all examined elections. Since the early 2000s, election forensics has been used to examine the integrity of elections in various countries, including Afghanistan, Albania, Argentina, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Kenya, Libya, South Africa, Uganda, Venezuela and USA.

Election forensics tools have been used to conclude, with high probability, that vote counts have been manipulated in official elections in Russia, Ukraine, Egypt, and USA.

## Compared to other methods

Relative to other methods of monitoring election security, such as in-person monitoring of polling places and parallel vote tabulation, election forensics has advantages and disadvantages. Election forensics is considered advantageous in that data is objective, rather than subject to interpretation. It also allows votes from all contests and localities to be systematically analyzed, with statistical conclusions about the likelihood of fraud. Disadvantages of election forensics include its inability to actually detect fraud, just data anomalies that may or may not be indicative of such. Election forensics expert Walter Mebane has noted that various election forensics methods might actually flag non-fraudulent behaviour like tactical voting as fraud. Further some experts believe that 2BL and other methods are useless for analyzing elections.

This can be addressed by combining election forensics with in-person monitoring. Another disadvantage is its complexity, requiring advanced knowledge of statistics and significant computing power. Additionally, the best results require a high level of detail, ideally comprehensive data from the polling place regarding voter turnout, vote counts for all issues and candidates, and valid ballots. Broad, national-level summaries have limited utility.


title: 110th New York State Legislature

abstract: The 110th New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 4 to May 26, 1887, during the third year of David B. Hill's governorship, in Albany.

text:
# 110th New York State Legislature

The **110th New York State Legislature**, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 4 to May 26, 1887, during the third year of David B. Hill's governorship, in Albany.

## Background

Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1846, 32 Senators and 128 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term. The senatorial districts were made up of entire counties, except New York County (seven districts) and Kings County (three districts). The Assembly districts were made up of entire towns, or city wards, forming a contiguous area, all within the same county.

At this time there were two major political parties: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. In New York City the three Democratic factions (Tammany Hall, "Irving Hall" and the "County Democrats") re-united, and nominated joint candidates in most districts. The Prohibition Party and the Greenback Party also nominated tickets.

## Elections

The New York state election, 1886 was held on November 2. The only statewide elective offices up for election was carried by a Democrat. The approximate party strength at this election, as expressed by the vote for Judge of the Court of Appeals, was: Democrats 468,000; Republicans 461,000; Prohibition 36,000; and Greenback 2,000.

## Sessions

The Legislature met for the regular session at the State Capitol in Albany on January 4, 1887; and adjourned on May 26.

James W. Husted (R) was re-elected Speaker.

On January 20, the Legislature elected Frank Hiscock (R) to succeed Warner Miller (R) as U.S. Senator from New York, for a six-year term beginning on March 4, 1887.

## State Senate

### Districts

**Note:** There are now 62 counties in the State of New York. Modern-day Nassau County was part of Queens County, and modern-day Bronx County was divided between New York County west of the Bronx River and Westchester County east of it.

### Members

The asterisk (\*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.

| District | Senator | Party | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1st | Edward F. Fagan* | Democrat |  |
| 2nd | James F. Pierce* | Democrat |  |
| 3rd | Stephen M. Griswold* | Republican |  |
| 4th | Jacob Worth* | Republican |  |
| 5th | Michael C. Murphy* | Democrat |  |
| 6th | Edward F. Reilly* | Democrat |  |
| 7th | James Daly* | Democrat |  |
| 8th | Thomas C. Dunham* | Democrat |  |
| 9th | John J. Cullen* | Democrat |  |
| 10th | William C. Traphagen* | Democrat |  |
| 11th | George W. Plunkitt* | Democrat |  |
| 12th | Henry C. Nelson* | Democrat |  |
| 13th | Henry R. Low* | Republican |  |
| 14th | Henry C. Connelly* | Republican |  |
| 15th | Jacob W. Hoysradt* | Republican |  |
| 16th | Albert C. Comstock* | Republican |  |
| 17th | Amasa J. Parker Jr.* | Democrat |  |
| 18th | Edward Wemple* | Democrat | on November 8, 1887, elected New York State Comptroller |
| 19th | Rowland C. Kellogg* | Republican |  |
| 20th | Charles L. Knapp* | Republican |  |
| 21st | George B. Sloan* | Republican |  |
| 22nd | Henry J. Coggeshall* | Republican |  |
| 23rd | John E. Smith* | Republican |  |
| 24th | Matthew W. Marvin* | Republican |  |
| 25th | Francis Hendricks* | Republican |  |
| 26th | Charles F. Barager* | Republican |  |
| 27th | J. Sloat Fassett* | Republican |  |
| 28th | John Raines* | Republican |  |
| 29th | Edmund L. Pitts* | Republican | President pro tempore |
| 30th | Edward C. Walker* | Republican |  |
| 31st | Daniel H. McMillan* | Republican |  |
| 32nd | Commodore P. Vedder* | Republican |  |
|

### Employees

## State Assembly

### Assemblymen

The asterisk (\*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued as members of this Legislature.

| District | | Assemblymen | Party | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Albany | 1st | Horace T. Devereux | Democrat |  |
| | 2nd | Vreeland H. Youngman | Republican |  |
| | 3rd | William J. Hill | Democrat |  |
| | 4th | John T. Gorman | Democrat |  |
| Allegany | | Washington Moses | Republican |  |
| Broome | | Isaac C. Edson* | Republican |  |
| Cattaraugus | 1st | Frederick W. Kruse* | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | Erastus S. Ingersoll* | Republican |  |
| Cayuga | 1st | Frank M. Parsons* | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | Coral C. White | Republican |  |
| Chautauqua | 1st | Dana P. Horton | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | George H. Frost | Republican |  |
| Chemung | | Robert P. Bush* | Democrat |  |
| Chenango | | Ralph Taylor | Republican |  |
| Clinton | | George S. Weed | Democrat |  |
| Columbia | | John C. Hogeboom* | Republican |  |
| Cortland | | Wayland D. Tisdale | Republican |  |
| Delaware | | David L. Thomson | Republican |  |
| Dutchess | 1st | Willard H. Mase | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | John I. Platt* | Republican |  |
| Erie | 1st | William F. Sheehan* | Democrat | Minority Leader |
| | 2nd | Frank M. Giese* | Democrat |  |
| | 3rd | Edward Gallagher* | Republican |  |
| | 4th | Henry H. Guenther | Democrat |  |
| | 5th | Edward K. Emery | Republican |  |
| Essex | | Spencer G. Prime | Republican |  |
| Franklin | | Floyd J. Hadley* | Republican |  |
| Fulton and Hamilton | | Alden W. Berry* | Republican |  |
| Genesee | | Charles A. Seaver* | Republican |  |
| Greene | | Francis G. Walters | Republican |  |
| Herkimer | | Patrick H. McEvoy | Republican |  |
| Jefferson | 1st | Anson S. Thompson | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | Edward B. Bulkley* | Republican |  |
| Kings | 1st | Moses J. Wafer* | Democrat |  |
| | 2nd | William H. McLaughlin* | Democrat |  |
| | 3rd | Peter K. McCann* | Democrat |  |
| | 4th | Henry F. Haggerty* | Democrat |  |
| | 5th | James A. McMahon* | Democrat |  |
| | 6th | Thomas F. Farrell* | Democrat |  |
| | 7th | John Reitz | Republican |  |
| | 8th | John H. Bonnington | Democrat |  |
| | 9th | Alexander S. Bacon | Republican |  |
| | 10th | John B. Longley* | Democrat |  |
| | 11th | James P. Graham | Democrat |  |
| | 12th | Richard V. B. Newton* | Democrat |  |
| Lewis | | Rutson Rea* | Republican |  |
| Livingston | | William Y. Robinson* | Republican |  |
| Madison | | William S. Leete* | Republican |  |
| Monroe | 1st | Fletcher A. Defendorf | Democrat |  |
| | 2nd | Edward W. Maurer | Republican |  |
| | 3rd | George W. Sime* | Republican |  |
| Montgomery | | Robert Wemple | Democrat |  |
| New York | 1st | Daniel E. Finn* | Democrat |  |
| | 2nd | Timothy D. Sullivan | Tammany Dem. |  |
| | 3rd | James E. Power* | Democrat |  |
| | 4th | Jeremiah Hayes* | Democrat |  |
| | 5th | Michael Brennan* | Tammany Dem. |  |
| | 6th | William J. McKenna | Democrat |  |
| | 7th | George H. Henry | Republican |  |
| | 8th | Charles Smith* | Republican |  |
| | 9th | John Martin | Democrat |  |
| | 10th | George F. Langbein | Democrat |  |
| | 11th | Robert Ray Hamilton* | Republican |  |
| | 12th | Leonard A. Giegerich | Tammany Dem. |  |
| | 13th | William P. Mulry | Democrat |  |
| | 14th | Jacob Kunzenman | Tammany Dem. |  |
| | 15th | George H. McAdam | Tammany Dem. |  |
| | 16th | Edward P. Hagan* | Democrat |  |
| | 17th | William Dalton* | Democrat |  |
| | 18th | John F. Kenny | Tammany Dem. |  |
| | 19th | Eugene S. Ives | Democrat |  |
| | 20th | William H. Hornidge | Tammany Dem. |  |
| | 21st | Ernest H. Crosby | Republican |  |
| | 22nd | John F. McIntyre | Democrat |  |
| | 23rd | Jacob A. Cantor* | Democrat |  |
| | 24th | John B. Shea* | County Dem. |  |
| Niagara | 1st | Christian F. Goerss | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | Peter A. Porter* | Republican |  |
| Oneida | 1st | Benjamin Hall* | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | Robert W. Evans* | Republican |  |
| | 3rd | John C. Davies | Republican |  |
| Onondaga | 1st | Hector B. Johnson | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | Alfred E. Stacey* | Republican |  |
| | 3rd | Thomas McCarthy* | Republican |  |
| Ontario | | Edward P. Babcock* | Republican |  |
| Orange | 1st | Robert H. Smith* | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | George W. Greene* | Democrat |  |
| Orleans | | Samuel A. Bates* | Republican |  |
| Oswego | 1st | Henry C. Howe* | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | Danforth E. Ainsworth* | Republican |  |
| Otsego | 1st | Lowell S. Henry* | Democrat |  |
| | 2nd | Frank B. Arnold* | Republican |  |
| Putnam | | Henry Mabie* | Republican |  |
| Queens | 1st | Joseph Fitch* | Democrat |  |
| | 2nd | William J. Hines | Democrat |  |
| Rensselaer | 1st | Michael F. Collins* | Democrat |  |
| | 2nd | J. Irving Baucus | Republican |  |
| | 3rd | James Ryan Jr. | Democrat |  |
| Richmond | | Edward A. Moore | Democrat |  |
| Rockland | | George Dickey* | Democrat |  |
| St. Lawrence | 1st | N. Martin Curtis* | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | William H. Kimball | Republican |  |
| | 3rd | George Z. Erwin* | Republican |  |
| Saratoga | 1st | John H. Burke | Democrat |  |
| | 2nd | Bartlett B. Grippin | Republican |  |
| Schenectady | | Edward D. Cutler* | Democrat |  |
| Schoharie | | Emory Stevens | Democrat |  |
| Schuyler | | Fremont Cole* | Republican |  |
| Seneca | | William L. Sweet | Republican |  |
| Steuben | 1st | Azariah C. Brundage | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | Charles D. Baker* | Republican |  |
| Suffolk | | Henry A. Reeves | Democrat |  |
| Sullivan | | Martin A. Smith | Republican |  |
| Tioga | | Jonathan C. Latimer | Republican |  |
| Tompkins | | Walter G. Smith | Republican |  |
| Ulster | 1st | Thomas Maxwell | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | Willet I. Van Demark | Republican |  |
| | 3rd | Davis Winne | Democrat |  |
| Warren | | James C. Eldridge | Republican |  |
| Washington | 1st | J. Warren Fort | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | James H. Manville* | Republican |  |
| Wayne | 1st | Charles T. Saxton | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | Barnet H. Davis* | Republican |  |
| Westchester | 1st | J. Irving Burns | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | Samuel Conover | Democrat |  |
| | 3rd | James W. Husted* | Republican | elected Speaker |
| Wyoming | | Edward A. Pierce* | Republican |  |
| Yates | | George R. Cornwell | Republican |  |
|

### Employees

1. Except New York City where the wards were apportioned into election districts, and then some whole wards and some election districts of other wards were gerrymandered together into Assembly districts.
2. "Senate No. 33". *Documents of the Senate of the State of New York*. Vol. II - Nos. 15-34, Inclusive. Albany: The Argus Company. 1887. p. 3.
3. John Clinton Hogeboom (born 1857), grandson of state senator John C. Hogeboom (1801–05)
4. Thomas McCarthy (born 1848), son of Dennis McCarthy

## Sources

## InfoBox

| 110th New York State Legislature | |
| --- | --- |
| 109th 111th | |
| New York State Capitol (2009) | |
| Overview | |
| Legislative body | New York State Legislature |
| Jurisdiction | New York, United States |
| Term | January 1 – December 31, 1887 |
| Senate | |
| Members | 32 |
| President | Lt. Gov. Edward F. Jones (D) |
| Temporary President | Edmund L. Pitts (R) |
| Party control | Republican (20-12) |
| Assembly | |
| Members | 128 |
| Speaker | James W. Husted (R) |
| Party control | Republican (74-54) |
| Sessions | |
| 1st January 4 – May 26, 1887 | |


title: Eleazar García

abstract: Eleazar García Sáenz was a Mexican character actor best remembered as Antonio Aguilar's comic sidekick. Eleazar originally is from a ranch called, El Rancho de Los Guerras, current municipality of Miguel Aleman near Mier, Tamaulipas Mexico. García was known professionally as Chelelo and was one of the three main norteño comedians of Mexican cinema, along with Eulalio González and Alejandro Reyna. He died on 24 August 1999 after three years of struggle to recover from embolism. His son Eleazar Lorenzo García Gutiérrez (1957-2011) was known as Chelelo Jr.

text:
# Eleazar García

**Eleazar García Sáenz** (September 28, 1924  August 24, 1999) was a Mexican character actor best remembered as Antonio Aguilar's comic sidekick. Eleazar originally is from a ranch called, El Rancho de Los Guerras, current municipality of Miguel Aleman near Mier, Tamaulipas Mexico. García was known professionally as **Chelelo** and was one of the three main norteño comedians of Mexican cinema, along with Eulalio González and Alejandro Reyna.

He died on 24 August 1999 after three years of struggle to recover from embolism. His son Eleazar Lorenzo García Gutiérrez (1957-2011) was known as Chelelo Jr.

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Eleazar "El Chelelo" García | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | September 28, 1924
El Rancho de Las Guerras, Mier, Tamaulipas, Mexico |
| Died | August 24, 1999
Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico |
| Occupation | Actor |


title: 1972 in comics

abstract: Notable events of 1972 in comics.

text:
# 1972 in comics

Notable events of **1972 in comics**.

## Events

### Year overall

### January

### February

### March

### April

### May

### June

### July

### August

### September

### October

### November

### December

### Specific date unknown

## Births

### April

### November

* **November 22**: Cyril Pedrosa, French comic book artist, colorist and writer.

## Deaths

### January

* **January 5**: Bud Counihan, American comics artist (*Betty Boop* comics, *Henry Hasenpfeffer*, *The Big Little Family*, *Little Napoleon*), dies at age 84.
* **January 28**: Dino Buzzati, Italian novelist, author also, as writer and illustrator (*Poem strip*), dies at age 65.

### February

* **February 2**: István Pesthy, AKA Falus, Hungarian dentist, cartoonist and comic artist, dies at age 65.

### March

* **March 4**: Charles Biro, American comics artist (*Airboy*, *Steel Sterling*, *Daredevil Comics*), dies at age 60.
* **March 5**: Frans Meijer, also published under the name *Jaap van Loon*, *Ko Koster*, *F.M.*, *Piet Pion* and *Henk*, Dutch comics artist (created various one-shot comics and continued *Fred en Minet*), dies at age 71.
* **March 17**: Antonio Rubio, Cuban cartoonist and comics artist (*El Monguito*, *El Marcianito*, *Angelitos*, *Angeles de la Guardia*), dies at age 51.
* **March 31**: Aleksandar Denkov, Bulgarian illustrator, animator and comics artist (*Hrabriat Eskimos*, *Zagovor v Dvoreca*, *Ban Ianuka*), dies at age 47.

### May

* **May 5**: Frank Tashlin, aka Tish Tash, aka Frank Tash, American animator, cartoonist, illustrator, screenwriter, film director and comics artist (*Van Boring*), dies at age 59.
* **May 23**: Louis Salvérius, Belgian comics artist (*Les Tuniques Bleues*), unexpectedly dies from a heart attack at the age of 38.
* **May 23**: Nino Pagot, Italian comics artist and animator (*Calimero*), dies at the age of 64.
* **May 26**: Robert Dansler, aka Bob Dan, Bobby, Erdé or Hoberdon (*Jim Mystère*, *Bill Tornade*, *Jack Sport*, *Tarou*, *Maxime*), French comics artist, dies at age 71.
* **May 28**: Rea Irvin, American illustrator, graphic artist and comics artist (*The Smythes*, designed the mascot of *The New Yorker*: Eustace Tilley), dies at age 90 from a stroke.

### June

### July

* **July 8**: John Henry Gordon Freeman, aka Don Freeman, British comics writer (*Buck Ryan*, *Jane*, *Garth*, *Belinda Blue Eyes*) and novelist, dies at age 69.
* **July 28**: Fanny Cory, American illustrator and comics artist (*Sonnysayings*, *Little Miss Muffet*), dies at age 94.

### August

* **August 9**: Noël Bissot, Belgian comics artist (*Le Baron*, *Youk et Yak*, *Le Picrate*, *Croquemitron*, *Juju*), dies at age 55.
* **Specific date unknown**: Lovrien Gregory, American comics artist (*The Pioneers*), dies at age 84.

### September

* **September 12**:
    + Harry S. Anderson, American comics artist (*Robin Hood & Company*, *T-Man*), dies at age 61.
    + Max Fleischer, American animator and comics artist (*Koko the Clown*, *Betty Boop*, *Popeye the Sailor*), dies at age 89.
    + Ivar Mauritz-Hansen, Norwegian illustrator and comics artist (*Nils og Blåmann*, *Onkell Brombass*, *Detektiv Luresen*, *Råd for Uråd*, *Jumbo*, *Professor Tanke*), dies at age 75.
* **September 20**: William Ritt, American comics writer and journalist (*Brick Bradford*), dies at the age of 69 or 70.
* **Specific date unknown: September**: Regino Bernad, Spanish-French comics artist (comics based on the novels of Gaston Leroux), dies at age 70.

### October

* **October 31**: John L. Jukes, British comics artist (*Ben and Bert the Kid Cops*, *Popgun Pete*, continued *Alfie the Air Tramp* and *George the Jolly Gee-Gee*), dies at age 71.
* **Specific date unknown**: Sid Greene, American comic artist (worked for Funnies Inc., Ace Periodicals, Hillman, DC Comics), dies at age 64.

### December

### Specific date unknown

* Gaspar Bolaños, Mexican comics artist (*Rolando el Rabioso*), dies at age 63 or 64.
* Paul Braig, French painter and comics artist (*La Vie Imaginée de Pablo Picasso*), dies at age 65 or 66.
* C.H. Chapman, British comics artist (*Billy Bunter*) dies at the age of 92 or 93.
* Allen Dean, American comics artist, painter and illustrator (*King of the Royal Mounted*), dies at age 82 or 83.
* Francis Kirn, American comics artist (*Uncle Wiggily*), dies at age 67 or 68.
* Hans Nije, Dutch musician and comics artist (*Tim Tuimel*, *Lodewijk*, *Boudewijn*), dies at age 54.

## Conventions

## Awards

### Goethe Awards

*Published in* The Buyer's Guide to Comics Fandom (TBG) *#38 (June 15, 1973) (for comics published in 1972).* Ballots were printed in *TBG*, *Comic Crusader*, *The Comic Reader*, the *Gazette Advertiser*, *The Menomonee Falls Gazette*, and *Rocket's Blast Comicollector*. 1,011 fans cast their votes. Winners in each category are listed in boldface, along with other fan-selected nominees in order of finish.

### Shazam Awards

*Presented in 1973 for comics published in 1972*:

## First issue by title

### DC Comics

***The Demon***

*Release*: August /September *Writer/Artist*: Jack Kirby. *Inker*: Mike Royer.

***Kamandi, The Last Boy On Earth***

*Release*: October /November *Writer/Artist*: Jack Kirby. *Inker*: Mike Royer.

***Supergirl***

*Release*: November. *Editor*: Dorothy Woolfolk.

***Swamp Thing***

*Release*: October /November *Writer*: Len Wein. *Artist*: Bernie Wrightson.

***Weird Mystery Tales***

*Release*: July/August *Editor*: E. Nelson Bridwell.

***Weird Worlds***

*Release*: September. *Editor*: Dennis O'Neil.

### Marvel Comics

***The Cat***

*Release*: November. *Writers*: Roy Thomas and Linda Fite. *Artists*: Marie Severin and Wally Wood.

***Chamber of Chills***

*Release*: November *Writer*: Steve Englehart. *Editor*: Roy Thomas.

***The Defenders***

*Release*: August. *Writer*: Steve Englehart. *Artists*: Sal Buscema and Frank Giacoia.

***Doc Savage: The Man of Bronze***

*Release*: October. *Writers*: Roy Thomas (plot) and Steve Englehart (script). *Artists*: Ross Andru and Jim Mooney.

***Hero for Hire***

*Release*: June. *Writers*: Roy Thomas, John Romita, and Archie Goodwin. *Artists*: George Tuska and Billy Graham.

***Journey into Mystery*** (vol. 2)

*Release*: October. *Editor*: Roy Thomas.

***Jungle Action***

*Release*: October. *Editor*: Roy Thomas.

***Marvel Premiere***

*Release*: April. *Writer*: Roy Thomas. *Artists*: Gil Kane and Dan Adkins.

***Marvel Team-Up***

*Release*: March. *Writer*: Roy Thomas. *Artists*: Ross Andru and Mike Esposito.

***Marvel Triple Action***

*Release*: February. Reprints early issues of *The Avengers* and *Fantastic Four*.

***The Mighty World of Marvel***

*Release*: October 7 (weekly) by Marvel UK.

***Night Nurse***

*Release*: November. *Writer*: Jean Thomas. *Artist*: Winslow Mortimer.

***Shanna the She-Devil***

*Release*: September. *Writers*: Carole Seuling and Steve Gerber. *Artists*: George Tuska and Vince Colletta.

***Supernatural Thrillers***

*Release*: December. *Writers*: Theodore Sturgeon (original story) and Roy Thomas (adaptation). *Artists*: Marie Severin and Frank Giacoia.

***The Tomb of Dracula***

*Release*: April. *Writer*: Gerry Conway. *Artist*: Gene Colan.

***Werewolf by Night***

*Release*: September. *Writer*: Gerry Conway. *Artists*: Mike Ploog and Frank Chiaramonte.

### Other publishers

***Archie at Riverdale High***

*Release*: August by Archie Comics.

***Binky Brown Meets the Holy Virgin Mary***

*Release*: March by Last Gasp. *Writer/Artist*: Justin Green.

***Captain Paragon***

*Release*: by Paragon Publications. *Writer/Artist*: Bill Black.

***Death Rattle***

*Release*: June by Kitchen Sink Press.

***Midnight Tales***

*Release*: December by Charlton. *Artist*: Wayne Howard.

***The People's Comics***

*Release*: September by Golden Gate Publishing Company. *Artist/Writer*: Robert Crumb.

***Mystery Comics Digest***

*Release:* March by Gold Key Comics.

***The Rip Off Review of Western Culture***

Release: June by Rip Off Press. Editor: J. David Moriaty.

***The Rose of Versailles (Berusaiyu no Bara)***

Release: May 21 by *Margaret* magazine (Shueisha). Writer/artist: Riyoko Ikeda.

***Tits & Clits Comix***

*Release*: July by Nanny Goat Productions. *Writers/Artists/Editors*: Joyce Farmer & Lyn Chevli

***Wimmen's Comix***

*Release*: November by Last Gasp.

## Initial appearance by character name

### DC Comics

### Marvel Comics

### Independent publishers


title: Ann Shipley

abstract: Marie Ann Shipley was a Canadian politician.

text:
# Ann Shipley

**Marie Ann Shipley** (April 8, 1899  March 22, 1981) was a Canadian politician.

## Biography

Born in Lawrence Station in Southwold, Ontario, she moved to Ottawa when she was 12, attended country school, Osgood Public School. She was then educated at Ottawa's Lisgar Collegiate and married Dr. Manley Adair Shipley.

### Municipal politics

Shipley and her husband, Dr. Manley Shipley, settled in Kirkland Lake in 1928 where she was an administrative secretary for the Kirkland District Mines Medical Plans. For two years, she was an administrator of the public school board. As a result of contradictory sources, the year of Dr. Shipley's death is not definitive but occurred between 1940 and 1942.

From 1943 to 1952, she was reeve of Teck Township. Shipley was president of the Association of Municipalities of Ontario, in 1951.

After Shipley's term in 1952, she left her position in municipal politics. Shipley was a member within multiple organizations such as the Children's Aid Society, the Victorian Order of Nurses, the Hospital Board and the Red Cross Society, the Royal Canadian Legion, the Association of Canadian Travellers, the Girl Guides and the Business and Professional Women's Club. She was Protestant, and a member of the Young Women's Christian Association.

On January 28, 1953, the Township of Teck hosted a testimonial dinner in honour of Shipley's ongoing presence in the several organizations she has helped. The dinner consisted of "Approximately 200 citizens of the town \[...\] representing some 85 organizations" there to support and recognize her contributions to the community. She was also the administrator of the Canadian Federation of Municipalities and Mayors.

### Member of Parliament

In August 1953, she joined the second administration of Louis St. Laurent and the 22nd Canadian Parliament as the Liberal Party Member of Parliament from the northeastern Ontario riding of Timiskaming.

In 1955, she became the first woman to move acceptance in the House of Commons of a Speech from the Throne.

Shipley ran for re-election in 1957, and lost her seat to Arnold Peters. She soldiered on and contested the seat again (unsuccessfully) for the 25th Canadian Parliament in 1963 before finally retiring from public life.

## InfoBox

| Ann Shipley | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament
for Timiskaming | |
| **In office**
November 12, 1953  April 12, 1957 | |
| Preceded by | Walter Little |
| Succeeded by | Arnold Peters |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Marie Ann Killins
April 8, 1899
Lawrence Station, Ontario, Canada |
| Died | March 22, 1981(1981-03-22) (aged 81) |
| Political party | Liberal |
| Relations | William Dennis Killins (father), Mary Ann Lamont (mother) |
| Residence | Kirkland Lake, Ontario |
|  | |


title: Electoral reform in Michigan

abstract: Electoral reform in Michigan refers to efforts, proposals and plans to change the election and voting laws of Michigan. In 2021, a Sixth Court panel held that Ballot access laws in Michigan curtail independents, as they currently require a political party to submit 38,024 signatures, including 100 signatures from half of all Michigan Congressional districts. The Michigan Third Parties Coalition is seeking to relax those requirements. So far, no bills have been introduced in the Michigan Legislature to join the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact. However in 2023, such legislation was initiated.

text:
# Electoral reform in Michigan

**Electoral reform in Michigan** refers to efforts, proposals and plans to change the election and voting laws of Michigan. In 2021, a Sixth Court panel held that Ballot access laws in Michigan curtail independents, as they currently require a political party to submit 38,024 signatures, including 100 signatures from half of all Michigan Congressional districts. The Michigan Third Parties Coalition is seeking to relax those requirements. So far, no bills have been introduced in the Michigan Legislature to join the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact. However in 2023, such legislation was initiated.

## Voting systems

Michigan currently uses First-past-the-post voting to elect the governor, state legislatures, and members of congress. However attempts have been made to introduce Preferential voting systems. In 2004, Ferndale residents overwhelmingly passed Proposal B, implementing instant-runoff voting for the city major and council members.

Ballot initiatives in 2023, supported wider use of the voting system.

## Proposal 2

In 2023, Gretchen Whitmer signed into law 2022 Michigan Proposal 2, commonly referred to as 'Prop 2', which aimed to expand voting rights in Michigan. The new laws include nine days of early voting, prepaid postage for absentee ballots, an updated ballot tracking system, and acceptance of more ID types for voting.


title: 14th (Light) Division

abstract:
The 14th (Light) Division was an infantry division of the British Army, one of the Kitchener's Army divisions raised from volunteers by Lord Kitchener during the First World War. All of its infantry regiments were originally of the fast marching rifle or light infantry regiments, hence the title "Light". It fought on the Western Front for the duration of the First World War.
The division was disbanded by March 1919, and was not reformed in the Second World War.

text:
# 14th (Light) Division

The **14th (Light) Division** was an infantry division of the British Army, one of the Kitchener's Army divisions raised from volunteers by Lord Kitchener during the First World War. All of its infantry regiments were originally of the fast marching rifle or light infantry regiments, hence the title "Light". It fought on the Western Front for the duration of the First World War.
The division was disbanded by March 1919, and was not reformed in the Second World War.

## Order of battle

The division comprised the following infantry brigades, which underwent major changes between February 1918 (the Army's brigade reorganisation from 4 to 3 infantry battalions) and June 1918 (rebuilt after the losses of the German spring offensive).

**41st Brigade** **42nd Brigade** **43rd Brigade** **Divisional Troops** * 11th Battalion The King's Regiment (Liverpool) (pioneers) (*left June 1918*)
* 15th Battalion The Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) (pioneers) (*joined June 1918*)
* 249th Machine Gun Company (*joined July 1917, left October 1917*)
* 224th Machine Gun Company (*joined November 1917, left to move into 14th MG Battalion March 1918'*)
* 14th Battalion Machine Gun Corps (*formed March 1918*)
* 14th Divisional Train ASC (100, 101, 102 and 103 Companies)
* 26th Mobile Veterinary Section AVC
* 215th Divisional Employment Company, Labour Corps (*joined June 1917*)

**Artillery**

* XLVI Brigade RFA
* XLVII Brigade RFA
* XLVIII Brigade RFA (*left January 1917*)
* XLIX (Howitzer) Brigade, RFA (*broken up October 1916*)
* V.14 Heavy Trench Mortar Battery RFA (*joined July 1916, left January 1918*)
* X.14, Y.14 and Z.14 Medium Mortar Batteries RFA (*formed March 1916; Z broken up February 1918, redistributed to X and Y*)
* 14th Heavy Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery (*left 8 June 1915*)

**Engineers**

* 61st, 62nd and 89th Field Companies
* 14th Divisional Signals Company

**Royal Army Medical Corps**

* 42nd, 43rd and 44th Field Ambulances
* 25th Sanitary Section (*left April 1917*)

## Battles

Second Battle of Ypres

* Hooge (German Liquid Fire Attack) – 30 and 31 July 1915
* Second Attack on Bellewaarde – 25 September 1915

Battle of the Somme

Battle of Arras (1917)

* The First Battle of the Scarpe – 9–14 April 1917
* The Third Battle of the Scarpe – 3–4 May 1917

Third Battle of Ypres

* The Battle of Langemark – 22–27 August 1917
* The First Battle of Passchendaele October 1917
* The Second Battle of Passchendaele November 1917

First Battles of the Somme 1918

* The Battle of St Quentin – 23–25 March 1918
* The Battle of the Avre – 4 April 1918

Hundred Days Offensive

* The Battle of Ypres 1918
* The advance in Flanders

## Commander

* Major-General Thomas Morland (7 September – 17 October 1914)
* Brigadier-General Francis Alexander Fortescue (17–22 October 1914) *acting*
* Major-General General Victor Arthur Couper (22 October – 30 December 1914)
* Brigadier-General Francis Alexander Fortescue (30 December 1914 – 3 January 1915) *acting*
* Major-General Victor Arthur Couper (3 January 1915 – 22 March 1918)
* Major-General Walter Howarth Greenly (22–27 March 1918)
* Major-General Sir Victor Arthur Couper (27–31 March 1918)
* Major-General Percy Cyriac Burrell Skinner (31 March 1918)

## InfoBox

| 14th (Light) Division | |
| --- | --- |
| Insignia of the division. | |
| Active | September 1914 – March 1919 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | British Army |
| Type | Infantry |
| Size | Division |
| Engagements | World War I |


title: Anna Herdenstam

abstract: Anna Maria Ingeborg Herdenstam born Magnusson 21 October 1965 in Malmö, Sweden is a Fashion Model, Journalist and news anchor who works at Expressen. She has also been a News Anchor at TV4 Nyheterna. Herdenstam was stationed in the United States as the Foreign Correspondent for TV4 Nyheterna 2014–2015. She hosted Expressen TV's coverage from the US Presidential Election in 2016. Herdenstam has also reported live onsite from the Terror Attacks in Paris 2015, Brussels 2016 and Stockholm 2017. In 2000, Herdenstam wrote along with Olle Bergman the book Den lilla sorgen: en bok om missfall. Anna Herdenstam married film director Måns Herngren in 1988. In 2007, she got remarried and changed her last name from Normelli to Herdenstam. She is married to Mika Packalén since 2017.

text:
# Anna Herdenstam

**Anna Maria Ingeborg Herdenstam** born *Magnusson* 21 October 1965 in Malmö, Sweden is a Fashion Model, Journalist and news anchor who works at Expressen. She has also been a News Anchor at TV4 Nyheterna. Herdenstam was stationed in the United States as the Foreign Correspondent for TV4 Nyheterna 2014–2015. She hosted Expressen TV's coverage from the US Presidential Election in 2016. Herdenstam has also reported live onsite from the Terror Attacks in Paris 2015, Brussels 2016 and Stockholm 2017.

In 2000, Herdenstam wrote along with Olle Bergman the book *Den lilla sorgen: en bok om missfall*.

Anna Herdenstam married film director Måns Herngren in 1988. In 2007, she got remarried and changed her last name from Normelli (which she had at the time) to Herdenstam. She is married to Mika Packalén since 2017.

## Bibliography

* 2000 – Den lilla sorgen: en bok om missfall


title: Anjou, Quebec

abstract: Anjou is a borough (arrondissement) of the Canadian city of Montreal. Prior to its 2002 merger it was an independent city. Although it is no longer an independent city, it is still commonly known as known as Ville d'Anjou. Anjou has a predominantly Francophone population.

text:
# Anjou, Quebec

**Anjou** (French pronunciation: \[ɑ̃ʒu\]) is a borough (*arrondissement*) of the Canadian city of Montreal. Prior to its 2002 merger it was an independent city. Although it is no longer an independent city, it is still commonly known as known as *Ville d'Anjou*. Anjou has a predominantly Francophone population.

## Geography

The borough is located in the eastern end of the island of Montreal. The borough largely retained its former municipality logo, although the borough's logo is used on fleet vehicles without Montreal's logo. On fleet vehicles, the text reads "Ville de Montréal, arrondissement Anjou."

The borough is bordered to the north and east by Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles, to the south by Mercier—Hochelaga-Maisonneuve and Montréal-Est, to the west by Saint-Léonard, and at the northwestern corner by Montréal-Nord.

It has an area of 13.7 km2 and a population of nearly 42,796.

## Features

The borough is traversed by Autoroute 40 (Metropolitan Aut.) exits 80 and 82 located within its borders. Exits 6,7,8, (9 and 10 Northbound only) of Autoroute 25 (Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine Aut.) are also located in Anjou. Among other attractions, it contains the large Les Galeries d'Anjou shopping mall which is one of the few mega malls located within the city of Montreal. The Blue line extension of the Montreal Metro which is expected to be completed in 2029 will have one new station located in Anjou with two entrances located on both sides of Autoroute 25.

## Federal and provincial elections

The entire borough is located within the federal riding of Honoré-Mercier, and within the provincial electoral district of Anjou–Louis-Riel. It is represented in the House of Commons by Pablo Rodriguez of the Liberal Party and in the National Assembly by Karine Boivin Roy of Coalition Avenir Québec.

## Borough council

Following the 2021 Montreal municipal election, the current borough council consists of the following councilors:

| District | Position | Name |  | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Borough mayor
City councillor | Luis Miranda |  | Équipe Anjou |
|  | City councillor | Andrée Hénault |  | Équipe Anjou |
| Centre | Borough councillor | Kristine Marsolais |  | Équipe Anjou |
| East | Borough councillor | Richard Leblanc |  | Équipe Anjou |
| West | Borough councillor | Marie Josée Dubé |  | Équipe Anjou |

## Demographics

Historical populations
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1966 | 22,477 |  |
| 1971 | 33,885 | +50.8% |
| 1976 | 36,596 | +8.0% |
| 1981 | 37,346 | +2.0% |
| 1986 | 36,916 | −1.2% |
| 1991 | 37,210 | +0.8% |
| 1996 | 37,308 | +0.3% |
| 2001 | 38,015 | +1.9% |
| 2006 | 40,891 | +7.6% |
| 2011 | 41,928 | +2.5% |
| 2016 | 42,796 | +2.1% |

|
|  |
**Home language** (2016)
| Language | Population | Percentage (%) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| French | 28,825 | 76% |
| English | 2,905 | 8% |
| Other languages | 6,280 | 16% |

|
|  |
**Mother tongue** (2016)
| Language | Population | Percentage (%) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| French | 25,555 | 63% |
| English | 1,630 | 4% |
| Other languages | 13,220 | 33% |

|
|  |
**Visible Minorities** (2016)
| Ethnicity | Population | Percentage (%) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Not a visible minority | 28,410 | 68.1% |
| Visible minorities | 13,300 | 31.9% |

## Education

The Centre de Service Scolaire de la Pointe-de-l'Île operates French-language public schools. The secondary school is the *École secondaire d'Anjou*.

Primary schools

* *Albatros*
* *Cardinal-Léger*
* *Chénier*
* *Des Roseraies*
* *Jacques-Rousseau*
* *St-Joseph*
* *Wilfrid-Pelletier*

The English Montreal School Board operates Anglophone public schools:

* Dalkeith Elementary School

The borough has two libraries of the Montreal Public Libraries Network: Haut-Anjou and Jean-Corbeil.

45°36′N 73°33′W / 45.600°N 73.550°W / 45.600; -73.550

## InfoBox

| Anjou | |
| --- | --- |
| Borough | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Anjou's location in Montreal | |
| Coordinates: 45°36′24″N 73°33′20″W / 45.60667°N 73.55556°W / 45.60667; -73.55556 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Quebec |
| City | Montreal |
| Region | Montréal |
| Established | February 23, 1956 |
| Merged into
Montreal | January 1, 2002 |
| Electoral Districts
Federal |
Honoré-Mercier |
| Provincial | Anjou–Louis-Riel |
| Government | |
| Type | Borough |
| Mayor | Luis Miranda |
| Federal MP(s) | Pablo Rodríguez (LPC) |
| Quebec MNA(s) | Karine Boivin Roy (CAQ) |
| Area | |
| Land | 13.7 km2 (5.3 sq mi) |
| Population (2016) | |
| Total | 42,796 |
| Density | 3,128.4/km2 (8,103/sq mi) |
| Dwellings | 18,810 |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Postal code(s) | H1J, H1K |
| Area codes | (514) and (438) |
| Access Routes | **A-25 (TCH)
A-40 (TCH)** |
| Website | www.ville.montreal.qc.ca/anjou |


title: Anne Cécile Lequien

abstract: Anne Cécile Lequien is a former French Paralympic swimmer. She had her forearms and her right leg amputated after suffering from meningitis when she was two years old.

text:
# Anne Cécile Lequien

**Anne Cécile Lequien** (born 24 December 1977) is a former French Paralympic swimmer. She had her forearms and her right leg amputated after suffering from meningitis when she was two years old.

## InfoBox

Anne Lequien
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Anne Cécile Lequien |
| Born | (1977-12-24) 24 December 1977<br>Clamart, France |
| Sport | |
| Country | France |
| Sport | Para swimming |
| Disability | Meningitis survivor |
| Disability class | S4 |
| Medal record      Women's para swimming  Representing  France  Paralympic Games  2000 Sydney 4x50m medley relay 20pts  1992 Barcelona 4x50m medley relay S1-6  2000 Sydney 50m backstroke S4  1992 Barcelona 50m backstroke S5  1992 Barcelona 4x50m freestyle relay S1-6  2004 Athens 50m backstroke S4  2004 Athens 50m butterfly S4  World Championships  2002 Mar del Plata 50m backstroke S4  2002 Mar del Plata 50m butterfly S4 | |


title: Anne Dalgarno

abstract: Anne Patricia Dalgarno MBE was an Australian politician, nurse and community leader. Dalgarno was born Anne Patricia Smith in Wrentham, Suffolk, to farmer Henry Patrick Smith and Mabel Christina, née Edwards. Cardinal Patrick Moran was her uncle. She had governesses before attending the Convent of the Holy Family in Littlehampton, Sussex, and migrated to Western Australia with her family when she was sixteen. Smith trained at the Children's and Perth hospitals and became a registered nurse in 1933. She married Kenneth John Dalgarno, a civil engineer, on 1 July 1937 at St Mary's Cathedral in Sydney. They had two children before moving to Canberra in 1948. Dalgarno established the Nurses Club in 1954 and was a board member of Canberra Community Hospital (1954–59) and president of the ACT branch of the Royal Australian Nursing Federation. She unsuccessfully ran for the division of Australian Capital Territory as a Liberal in 1958 and an independent in 1966. She was elected as an independent to the Australian Capital Territory Advisory Council in 1959 and served until 1967, and again from 1970 until 1974. She was the only woman on the council and encouraged women to become involved in politics. Dalgarno was an opponent of self-government, supporting a lord mayor as opposed to a chief minister. She presided over the Foundation for Youth Ltd from 1972 and established the Emergency Housing Committee in 1973. Dalgarno, a proponent of Christian values and vigorous opponent of abortion, was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1977. She died at Royal Canberra Hospital in 1980 of chronic asthma and was buried in Canberra Cemetery. Dalgarno Close in the Canberra suburb of Macquarie is named in her honour.

text:
# Anne Dalgarno

**Anne Patricia Dalgarno** MBE (6 July 1909  6 May 1980) was an Australian politician, nurse and community leader.

Dalgarno was born **Anne Patricia Smith** in Wrentham, Suffolk, to farmer Henry Patrick Smith and Mabel Christina, *née* Edwards. Cardinal Patrick Moran was her uncle. She had governesses before attending the Convent of the Holy Family in Littlehampton, Sussex, and migrated to Western Australia with her family when she was sixteen. Smith trained at the Children's and Perth hospitals and became a registered nurse in 1933. She married Kenneth John Dalgarno, a civil engineer, on 1 July 1937 at St Mary's Cathedral in Sydney. They had two children before moving to Canberra in 1948.

Dalgarno established the Nurses Club in 1954 and was a board member of Canberra Community Hospital (195459) and president of the ACT branch of the Royal Australian Nursing Federation. She unsuccessfully ran for the division of Australian Capital Territory as a Liberal in 1958 and an independent in 1966. She was elected as an independent to the Australian Capital Territory Advisory Council in 1959 and served until 1967, and again from 1970 until 1974. She was the only woman on the council (Mary Stevenson having been a member until 1959 and Lyndall Ryan being a member from 1967 to 1968 when Dalgarno was not on the council) and encouraged women to become involved in politics.

Dalgarno was an opponent of self-government, supporting a lord mayor as opposed to a chief minister. She presided over the Foundation for Youth Ltd from 1972 and established the Emergency Housing Committee in 1973. Dalgarno, a proponent of Christian values and vigorous opponent of abortion, was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1977. She died at Royal Canberra Hospital in 1980 of chronic asthma and was buried in Canberra Cemetery.

Dalgarno Close in the Canberra suburb of Macquarie is named in her honour.

## Achievements


title: Anne D. Neal

abstract: Anne deHayden Neal is the former president of the American Council of Trustees and Alumni (ACTA), a non-profit organization with a stated mission of advancing academic quality, accountability and affordability at colleges and universities in the United States.

text:
# Anne D. Neal

**Anne deHayden Neal** is the former president of the American Council of Trustees and Alumni (ACTA), a non-profit organization with a stated mission of advancing academic quality, accountability and affordability at colleges and universities in the United States.

## Early life

Neal spent her childhood in Indiana, where her father was the editor of the *Noblesville Daily Ledger*, a small-town newspaper. She graduated *magna cum laude* as a member of Phi Beta Kappa from Harvard College in 1977 with an A.B. in American history and literature. Neal earned her J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1980. Neal served as the first female editor of the *Harvard Journal on Legislation*.

## Career

Neal began her career as an attorney at the firm of Rogers & Wells in New York City, where she specialized in First Amendment law. She also served as an associate at Wiley Rein in Washington, D.C. Neal later served as senior vice president of corporate legal affairs for the Recording Industry Association of America where she was involved in the RIAA's campaign to oppose mandatory lyrics labeling.

In the early 1990s, Neal served as general counsel and congressional liaison for the National Endowment for the Humanities under Lynne V. Cheney, where she addressed issues including academic freedom, intellectual diversity, and historical literacy. Along with Cheney, Joe Lieberman, former Colorado governor Richard Lamm, former University of Colorado at Boulder president and U.S. Senator Hank Brown, Nobel Laureate Saul Bellow, and sociologist David Riesman, Neal co-founded the American Council of Trustees and Alumni (then known as the National Alumni Forum) in 1995. Neal served as vice president and general counsel of the organization from 1995–2003 before succeeding Jerry L. Martin as president in 2003.

In both 2007 and 2010, Neal was appointed to the National Advisory Committee on Institutional Quality and Integrity, an advisory body that makes recommendations to the United States Secretary of Education.

Neal’s writing has been published in the *Washington Examiner*, *Inside Higher Ed*, *The Washington Post*, and *National Review Online*. Neal has appeared on Fox Business News, CNN, Fox News, WGN-TV, and NPR.

Neal has testified before the Commission on the Future of Higher Education, the United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, the Louisiana Postsecondary Education Commission, and the California Advisory Committee to the U.S. Civil Rights Commission. She has presented at conferences sponsored by the American Enterprise Institute, the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), the University of Notre Dame, the Foreign Policy Association, the Association of American Colleges and Universities, Montana State University, the American Association of University Professors and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation.

Neal serves on the boards of the Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association, the United States Capitol Historical Society, and Casey Trees.

## Personal life

Neal is married to former U.S Congressman Tom Petri (R-Wisconsin). Their daughter is *The Washington Post* humor columnist Alexandra Petri.

## InfoBox

| Anne D. Neal | |
| --- | --- |
| Neal at a conference in June 2008 | |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Former president of the American Council of Trustees and Alumni |
| Spouse | Tom Petri |