title: Antient Grand Lodge of England

abstract: The Ancient Grand Lodge of England, as it is known today, or The Grand Lodge of the Most Ancient and Honourable Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons as they described themselves on their warrants, was a rival Grand Lodge to the Premier Grand Lodge of England. It existed from 1751 until 1813 when the United Grand Lodge of England was created from the two Grand Lodges. They are now called the Antients, in contrast to the Moderns, the original Grand Lodge which its critics, notably Laurence Dermott, said had moved away from the ritual of Scotland, Ireland, and now the Antient Grand Lodge. This Grand Lodge was also informally called the Atholl Grand Lodge because the Third and Fourth Dukes of Atholl presided over it as Grand Masters for half of its 62-year existence. The Antients were founded on the same religious and class tensions that underpinned Methodism's success in challenging the Church of England. In addition, the Antient Grand Lodge forged closer links than the Premier Grand Lodge with the Grand Lodges of Scotland and Ireland, and the sought to recruit members from the lower classes in the English provinces unlike the more metropolitan and elite Premier Grand Lodge. The Premier Grand Lodge was Whig and rationalist, while the Antient Grand Lodge has been seen reflecting counter-enlightenment tendencies. Although the Grand Lodge never spelled Antient with a "t", the convention was followed by the Moderns, and continues to be used by United Grand Lodge. Some confusion arises from the Ancients' own documentation. Their seals are inscribed Grand Lodge in London of Free and Accepted Masons According to the Old Institution(s), while in their masonic certificates, issued to new members, they called themselves the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of England according to the Old Constitutions.

text:
# Antient Grand Lodge of England

The **Ancient Grand Lodge of England**, as it is known today, or *The Grand Lodge of the Most Ancient and Honourable Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons (according to the Old Constitutions granted by His Royal Highness Prince Edwin, at York, Anno Domini nine hundred and twenty six, and in the year of Masonry four thousand nine hundred and twenty six)* as they described themselves on their warrants, was a rival Grand Lodge to the Premier Grand Lodge of England. It existed from 1751 until 1813 when the United Grand Lodge of England was created from the two Grand Lodges. They are now called the *Antients*, in contrast to the *Moderns*, the original Grand Lodge which its critics, notably Laurence Dermott, said had moved away from the ritual of Scotland, Ireland, and now the Antient Grand Lodge. This Grand Lodge was also informally called the *Atholl Grand Lodge* because the Third and Fourth Dukes of Atholl presided over it as Grand Masters for half of its 62-year existence.

The Antients were founded on the same religious and class tensions that underpinned Methodism's success in challenging the Church of England. In addition, the Antient Grand Lodge forged closer links than the Premier Grand Lodge with the Grand Lodges of Scotland and Ireland, and the sought to recruit members from the lower classes in the English provinces unlike the more metropolitan and elite Premier Grand Lodge. The Premier Grand Lodge was Whig and rationalist, while the Antient Grand Lodge has been seen reflecting counter-enlightenment tendencies.

Although the Grand Lodge never spelled Antient with a "t", the convention was followed by the Moderns, and continues to be used by United Grand Lodge. Some confusion arises from the Ancients' own documentation. Their seals are inscribed **Grand Lodge in London of Free and Accepted Masons According to the Old Institution(s)**, while in their masonic certificates, issued to new members, they called themselves the **Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of England according to the Old Constitutions**.

## History

From about 1721, the new Grand Lodge which had been formed in London in 1717, and would soon spread to the rest of England, Wales, and abroad, pursued a policy of self-publicity and expansion that did not always sit well with other Freemasons. They abandoned the old methods of "drawing" lodges with chalk, (erased with a mop) in favour of tape and portable metal letters. In 1735 they refused admission to the Master and Wardens of an Irish lodge who claimed to be a deputation from Lord Kingston, then Grand Master of Ireland and past Grand Master of the English Grand Lodge. The Irish masons were offered admission if they would accept the English constitution, which they refused. In the 1730s the English Grand Lodge had changed their ritual to stay ahead of public exposures. During this period, London absorbed many economic migrants from Ireland. Those who were already masons were often repelled by the changes introduced by the English Grand Lodge, and either formed their own lodges, or joined one of the many unaffiliated lodges in the capital. In 1751, five of these, and a sixth that had just been formed, united to form a rival Grand Lodge, which quickly became an umbrella organisation for the other unaffiliated lodges in England.

This success must be seen as a triumph of the energy, wit, and sheer belligerence of their second Grand Secretary, Laurence Dermott. Most of what we know of him comes from the minutes of Grand Lodge and from his book of constitutions. The Grand Committee met on the first Wednesday of every month, and on 5 February 1752, Dermott replaced John Morgan as Grand Secretary. The next month he dealt with the "Leg of Mutton" masons, two men who had initiated masons into the Royal Arch for the price of a leg of mutton, but on examination by Dermott, knew nothing of the degree. They also claimed to teach a masonic method of achieving invisibility. In April he persuaded his brethren to replace Morgan's bye-laws with those of his own lodge in Dublin. June saw Dermott installing the Grand Officers. The lodge met as usual on Wednesday 2 September, and were treated to a lecture on their ritual by Dermott. Due to the change that year from the Julian to the Gregorian Calendar, the next day was Thursday 14 September, losing 11 days. The actual business of the lodge was conducted at an "emergency" meeting on the 14th, ensuring both dates appeared in the minutes.

Dermott gave them a book of constitutions, inexplicably entitled "Ahiman Rezon, or a Help to a Brother". It was modeled on Spratt's Irish Constitutions, which in turn were modeled on Anderson's constitutions. The introductory history was replaced by a satirical account of Dermott's attempt to write a better one (which would trace Freemasonry to before the Creation). The publication of the first edition, in 1756, may have been delayed until the society had found a noble sponsor to act as Grand Master. He arrived in the form of the Earl of Blessington, who had already served as Grand Master in Ireland. The second edition, in 1764, compared the ancient practices of the new Grand Lodge with the works of the "Moderns". The older Grand Lodge had been castigated as the "Moderns" since the 1720s, and the term is still used today. Dermott's characterisation of the Moderns is scathing and satirical, and with each succeeding edition during his lifetime, more scorn is heaped on the society that deviated from the established landmarks of the order, and whose greatest masonic symbols were the knife and fork. After his death, in 1791, successive editors of Ahiman Rezon progressively excised the insults.

The Ahiman Rezon, although divisive, proved popular, and the Ancients flourished. They were recognised by the Grand Lodges of Ireland and Scotland, who continued to view the innovations of the Moderns with suspicion. A low point in relations between the two Grand Lodges was reached in the 1770s, when William Preston, then assistant Grand Secretary of the Moderns, attempted to poison the relationship between the Ancients and the Grand Lodge of Scotland.

After Dermott's death, the two Grand Lodges moved slowly towards union. The need for unity was underlined during the Napoleonic wars, when the leaders of the Ancients, Moderns, and the Grand Lodge of Scotland acted together to prevent their lodges becoming proscribed organisations. However, the actual process of unification did not start until 1811, when the Moderns started the administrative process of returning their ritual to a form acceptable to the other British Grand Lodges. The final union was in the hands of two sons of the King, the Duke of Sussex, the Grand Master of the Moderns, and the Duke of Kent. Kent had already effected a union in Canada by simply abolishing the Moderns, and merging their lodges with those of the Ancients. The new Grand Lodge, the United Grand Lodge of England, retained the infrastructure of the Moderns, and the ritual of the Ancients.

## Revival in Lancashire

In 1823, the mishandling of grievances of a few Lancastrian masons led to an attempt to revive the Ancients in what has come to be known as the **Wigan Grand Lodge**. Mistrust of the new Grand Lodge was already simmering when the Provincial Grand Lodge meeting at Manchester in 1818 asked that the book of constitutions be amended to state that a lodge must hand back its warrant if membership falls below 7, instead of the 5 stated. Further concern was shown when some masons in Bath were told that it was "not desirable to make the Number of (Royal Arch) Chapters in any place equal to the Number of Lodges." The low minimum implied that it was possible to run a lodge without Deacons, in the manner of the Moderns ritual, and the Ancients had looked on the Royal Arch as the fourth degree, making the formation of a Chapter the duty of every lodge. These queries, prompted by a concern as to a creeping return, or even imposition, of Modernism on old Ancient's lodges, were ignored by Grand Lodge. This led to a more strongly worded remonstrance in 1820. As the local province failed to deal with increasing animosity, in 1822 the 34 masons who signed the last document were suspended by Grand Lodge, and one Liverpool lodge was erased. Although many of the rebels returned to the fold or left masonry altogether, the harshness of their treatment drew support from other lodges in the North West of England. A new Grand Lodge was formed in Liverpool in 1823, calling itself the **Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of England according to the Old Constitutions**. From 1825, it met only in Wigan. As the original dispute was gradually forgotten, its twelve or more lodges were re-absorbed by UGLE, although the last did not rejoin until 1913. It ceased to function as a Grand Lodge in 1866.

## Grand Masters

## Grand Secretaries

* 1751, John Morgan
* 1752–1770, Laurence Dermott
* 1771–1776, William Dickey
* 1777–1778, James Jones
* 1779–1782, Charles Bearblock
* 1783–1784, Robert Leslie
* 1785–1789, John McCormick
* 1790–1813, Robert Leslie


title: Elisabeth Schmierer

abstract: Elisabeth Schmierer is a German musicologist. She researches and teaches at the Folkwang University of the Arts in Essen.

text:
# Elisabeth Schmierer

**Elisabeth Schmierer** (born in 1955) is a German musicologist. She researches and teaches at the Folkwang University of the Arts in Essen.

## Career

Born in Tübingen, Schmierer graduated from high school in Freudenstadt and initially studied school music at the State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart. This was followed by studies in musicology, history and art history at the University of Kiel, where she also received her doctorate in 1989. Her habilitation was completed at the Technische Universität Berlin. She has been teaching at Essen since 2000. She is married to Matthias Brzoska.

## Publications

* *Die Orchesterlieder Gustav Mahlers*. Kassel: Bärenreiter 1991 (Dissertation).
* *Die Tragédies lyriques Niccolò Piccinnis. Zur Synthese französischer und italienischer Oper im späten 18. Jahrhundert*. Laaber: Laaber-Verlag 1999 (Habilitationsschrift).
* *Kleine Geschichte der Oper*. Stuttgart: Reclam 2001.
* *Komponisten-Porträts*. Stuttgart: Reclam 2003, 2010
* *Geschichte des Liedes*. Laaber: Laaber-Verl. 2007. 2nd continuous edition 2016. ISBN 978-3-89007-673-7
* *Geschichte des Konzerts*. Laaber: Laaber-Verlag 2015. ISBN 978-3-89007-843-4

**As publisher**

* with Matthias Brzoska, Susanne Fontaine, Werner Grünzweig: *Töne – Farben – Formen. Über Musik und die Bildenden Künste, Festschrift für Elmar Budde zum 60. Geburtstag*. Laaber: Laaber Verlag 1995. 2. Auflage 1998
* *Lexikon der Oper. Komponisten – Werke – Interpreten – Sachbegriffe*. 2 Vols. Laaber: Laaber Verlag 2002.
* *Lexikon der Musik der Renaissance*. Laaber: Laaber-Verlag 2015, and Darmstadt: Wiss. Buchgesellschaft (Lizenzausgabe) 2012.


title: 1863 Belgian general election

text:
# 1863 Belgian general election

Partial general elections were held in Belgium on 9 June 1863. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 59 of the 116 seats in the Chamber of Representatives and 33 of the 58 seats in the Senate. Voter turnout was 74.5%, although only 52,519 people were eligible to vote.

Under the alternating system, elections for the Chamber of Representatives were only held in five out of the nine provinces: Antwerp, Brabant, Luxembourg, Namur and West Flanders. Additionally, special elections were held in the arrondissements of Tournai, Ghent and Hasselt.

## Results

### Chamber of Representatives

|  | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Votes | % | Seats | | | | |
| | Won | | | Total | +/– |
|  | Catholics | 21,310 | 54.49 | 34 | 57 | +7 |
|  | Liberal Party | 17,799 | 45.51 | 24 | 59 | –7 |
| Total | | 39,109 | 100.00 | 58 | 116 | 0 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Total votes | | 39,109 |  |  | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 52,519 | 74.47 |  | | |
| Source: Mackie & Rose, Sternberger *et al*. | | | | | | |

### Senate

|  | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Seats |
|  | Liberal Party | 33 |
|  | Catholics | 25 |
| Total | | 58 |
|  | | |
| Source: Sternberger *et al*. | | |

## InfoBox

1863 Belgian general election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  58 of the 116 seats in the Chamber of Representatives
57 seats needed for a majority | |
| First party Second party   Leader Charles Rogier   Party Liberal Catholic  Leader since *Candidate for PM*   Seats before 66 seats 50 seats  Seats won 24 34  Seats after 59 57  Seat change  7  7  Popular vote 17,799 21,310  Percentage 45.51% 54.49% | |
| ---  **Government before election**
Rogier II
Liberal **Government after election**
Rogier II
Liberal | |


title: 1977 Iona Gaels football team

abstract: The 1977 Iona Gaels football team was an American football team that represented Iona University as a member of the Metropolitan Seven Conerence (Met-7) during the 1977 National Collegiate Association football season. In their third year under head coach Tony DeMeo, the Gaels compiled a perfect 7–0 record, won the Met-7 championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 210 to 80. The team's captains were Tom McCormick, Bob Tunney, and Tom Nolin. Iowa played home games at Memorial Field in Mount Vernon, New York. The Gaels employed a wishbone offense.

text:
# 1977 Iona Gaels football team

The **1977 Iona Gaels football team** was an American football team that represented Iona University as a member of the Metropolitan Seven Conerence (Met-7) during the 1977 National Collegiate Association football season. In their third year under head coach Tony DeMeo, the Gaels compiled a perfect 7–0 record, won the Met-7 championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 210 to 80. The team's captains were Tom McCormick, Bob Tunney, and Tom Nolin. Iowa played home games at Memorial Field in Mount Vernon, New York. The Gaels employed a wishbone offense.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 17 |  | at Fairfield | Fairfield, CT | W 65–0 |  |  |
| September 30 |  | Pace |  | W 22–16 |  |  |
| October 8 |  | at St. John's | New York, NY | W 24–14 |  |  |
| October 16 |  | at Marist |  | W 12–9 |  |  |
| October 21 | 8:00 p.m. | Brooklyn | * Memorial Field * Mount Vernon, NY | W 15–13 |  |  |
| October 28 |  | Manhattan | * Memorial Field * Mount Vernon, NY | W 40–22 |  |  |
| November 4 |  | Fairleigh Dickinson | * Memorial Field * Mount Vernon, NY | W 32–6 |  |  |
|  | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1977 Iona Gaels football | |
| --- | --- |
| Met-7 champion | |
| Conference | Metropolitan Seven Conference |
| Record | 7–0 (5–0 Met-7) |
| Head coach |  |
| Offensive scheme | Wishbone |
| Captains | * Tom McCormick * Bob Tunney * Tom Nolin |
| Home stadium | Memorial Field |
|


abstract: The 1977 Inverclyde District Council election was held on 3 May 1977 alongside the local elections taking place all over Scotland.

text:
# 1977 Inverclyde District Council election

**The 1977 Inverclyde District Council election** was held on 3 May 1977 alongside the local elections taking place all over Scotland.

## Results

1977 Inverclyde District Council election result
| Party | | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | 13 | 9 | 0 | 9 | 56.5 | 43.8 | 16,052 | 6.3 |
|  | Labour | 8 | 0 | 7 | 7 | 34.8 | 35.0 | 12,801 | 9.7 |
|  | Conservative | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4.3 | 9.9 | 3,611 | 4.5 |
|  | SNP | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4.3 | 8.3 | 3,055 | *New* |
|  | Independent | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.0 | 2.6 | 954 | 0.6 |
|  | Independent Labour | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | 0.0 | 0.4 | 143 | *New* |

Source:

1. "Scottish District Elections 1977" (PDF). *Elections Centre*. Retrieved 24 August 2024.

## InfoBox

1977 Inverclyde District Council election
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| ---  All 23 Seats to Inverclyde District District Council<br>12 seats needed for a majority | |
| First party Second party   Party Liberal Labour  Last election 4 seats, 37.5% 15 seats, 44.7%  Seats won 13 8  Seat change  9  7  Popular vote 16,052 12,801  Percentage 43.8% 35.0%  Swing  6.3%  9.7%   ---  Third party Fourth party   Party Conservative SNP  Last election 3 seats, 14.4% *Did not contest*  Seats won 1 1  Seat change  2  1  Popular vote 3,611 3,055  Percentage 9.9% 8.3%  Swing  4.5% *New* | |


title: Eleutherodactylus albipes

abstract:
Eleutherodactylus albipes is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae endemic to Cuba. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Eleutherodactylus albipes

***Eleutherodactylus albipes*** is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae endemic to Cuba. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Eleutherodactylus albipes* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Eleutherodactylidae |
| Genus: | *Eleutherodactylus* |
| Species: | ***E. albipes*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eleutherodactylus albipes***
Barbour & Shreve, 1937 | |
|


title: Elin Borg

abstract: Elin Borg is a Swedish football defender who currently plays for Södersnäckornas BK. She has played Damallsvenskan football for Linköpings FC, AIK, Kristianstads DFF.

text:
# Elin Borg

**Elin Borg** (born 27 February 1990) is a Swedish football defender who currently plays for Södersnäckornas BK. She has played Damallsvenskan football for Linköpings FC, AIK, Kristianstads DFF.

## InfoBox

Elin Borg
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1990-02-27) 27 February 1990 | | |
| Place of birth | Sweden | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Södersnäckornas BK | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2011 | Linköping | 7 | (0) |
| 2011 | Linköping Kenty | 15 | (0) |
| 2012 | AIK | 22 | (0) |
| 2013 | Kristianstad | 8 | (0) |
| 2014–2015 | Djurgården | 47 | (1) |
| 2018–2019 | Södersnäckornas BK |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 7 September 2016 | | | |


title: Elin Bergkvist

abstract: Elin Bergkvist is a Swedish football defender currently playing for IF Brommapojkarna in the Elitettan.

text:
# Elin Bergkvist

**Elin Bergkvist** (born 21 January 1994) is a Swedish football defender currently playing for IF Brommapojkarna in the Elitettan.

## InfoBox

Elin Bergvist
|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Elin Bergvist | | |
| Date of birth | (1994-01-21) 21 January 1994 | | |
| Place of birth | Sweden, | | |
| Height | 1.72 m (5 ft 8 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Brommapojkarna | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2011–2016 | Piteå IF | 44 | (1) |
| 2015 | Sunnanå SK | 3 | (0) |
| 2017–2018 | IFK Kalmar | 43 | (0) |
| 2019 | Hammarby IF | 15 | (0) |
| 2020- | Brommapojkarna | 35 | (2) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 3 July 2020 | | | |


title: 1852 Belgian general election

text:
# 1852 Belgian general election

Partial general elections were held in Belgium on 8 June 1852. In the elections for the Chamber of Representatives the result was a victory for the Liberal Party, who won 57 of the 108 seats. Voter turnout was 69.2%, although only 42,053 people were eligible to vote.

Under the alternating system, Chamber elections were only held in four out of the nine provinces: East Flanders, Hainaut, Liège and Limburg. Thus, 54 of the 108 Chamber seats were up for election.

## Results

### Chamber of Representatives

|  | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Votes | % | Seats | | | | |
| | Won | | | Total | +/– |
|  | Liberal Party | 16,688 | 57.36 | 31 | 57 | –12 |
|  | Catholics | 12,404 | 42.64 | 23 | 51 | +12 |
| Total | | 29,092 | 100.00 | 54 | 108 | 0 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Total votes | | 29,092 |  |  | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 42,053 | 69.18 |  | | |
| Source: Mackie & Rose, Sternberger *et al*. | | | | | | |

## Constituencies

The division of seats among the electoral districts was as follows:

| Province | Arrondissement | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Antwerp | Antwerp | 5 |
| | Mechelen | 3 |
| | Turnhout | 2 |
| Limburg | Hasselt | 2 |
| | Maaseik | 1 |
| | Tongeren | 2 |
| East Flanders | Aalst | 3 |
| | Oudenaarde | 3 |
| | Gent | 7 |
| | Eeklo | 1 |
| | Dendermonde | 3 |
| | Sint-Niklaas | 3 |
| West Flanders | Bruges | 3 |
| | Roeselare | 2 |
| | Tielt | 2 |
| | Kortrijk | 3 |
| | Ypres | 3 |
| | Veurne | 1 |
| | Diksmuide | 1 |
| | Ostend | 1 |
| Brabant | Leuven | 4 |
| | Brussels | 9 |
| | Nivelles | 4 |
| Hainaut | Tournai | 4 |
| | Ath | 2 |
| | Charleroi | 3 |
| | Thuin | 2 |
| | Mons | 4 |
| | Soignies | 3 |
| Liège | Huy | 2 |
| | Waremme | 1 |
| | Liège | 5 |
| | Verviers | 3 |
| Luxembourg | Arlon | 1 |
| | Marche | 1 |
| | Bastogne | 1 |
| | Neufchâteau | 1 |
| | Virton | 1 |
| Namur | Namur | 3 |
| | Dinant | 2 |
| | Philippeville | 1 |

## InfoBox

1852 Belgian general election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  54 of the 108 seats in the Chamber of Representatives
55 seats needed for a majority | |
| First party Second party   Leader Charles Rogier   Party Liberal Catholic  Leader since *Candidate for PM*   Seats before 69 seats 39 seats  Seats won 31 23  Seats after 57 51  Seat change  12  12  Popular vote 16,688 12,404  Percentage 57.36% 42.64% | |
| ---  **Government before election**
Rogier I
Liberal **Government after election**
Rogier I
Liberal | |


title: 14 Street W (Calgary)

abstract: 14 Street W is the name of two major arterial roads and a short collector road in Calgary, Alberta, separated by the Elbow River and the West Nose Creek valley. Originally proposed as a continuous route and north-south freeway, the plans were cancelled in favor of 24 Street W, which became Crowchild Trail.

text:
# 14 Street W (Calgary)

| Neighborhoods |
| --- |
| **Southern section** **Central section**
**Northern section** |

**14 Street W** is the name of two major arterial roads and a short collector road in Calgary, Alberta, separated by the Elbow River and the West Nose Creek valley. Originally proposed as a continuous route and north-south freeway, the plans were cancelled in favor of 24 Street W, which became Crowchild Trail.

## Route description

### Southern segment

The south segment begins at Canyon Meadows Drive and is an expressway between Anderson Road and Glenmore Trail, passing by Heritage Park Historical Village and Rockyview General Hospital. Prior to the completion of Tssut'ina Trail, 14 Street SW was part of bypass route which connected Highway 1 west and Highway 2 south.

The City of Calgary opened a 3-kilometre (2 mi) long dedicated bus-only transitway on December 23, 2019 as part of the city's MAX BRT network. The transitway, which carries MAX Yellow and MAX Teal, begins just west of 14 Street SW at the intersection of 75 Avenue SW and Eagle Ridge Drive near Rockyview General Hospital, and travels parallel to 14 Street SW, ending at the intersection Southland Drive and Bradbury Drive.

### Central segment

The central portion of 14 Street W travels between the communities of Altadore and Elbow Park in the south and Hidden Valley in the north, passing through Calgary's inner city west of downtown. A short segment intersects 50 Avenue SW at the south end of River Park, providing access to the Emily Follensbee School. The arterial road starts at the north end of the park, at the intersection of 38 Avenue SW as 14 Street SW and travels north where it crosses the Bow River on the Mewata Bridge and becomes 14 Street NW. It continues north past SAIT and North Hill Centre, crossing 16 Avenue NW (Highway 1) and John Laurie Boulevard. It continues along the eastern edge of Nose Hill Park, ending in the community of Hidden Valley north of Country Hills Boulevard.

14 Street W used to be part of Highway 1A between 9 Avenue SW and 16 Avenue NW, but the designation was dropped in the 1970s.

### Northern segment

The extreme northern portion of 14 Street NW connects the communities of Panorama Hills and Evanston. The northern segment is split by Stoney Trail, where ramps allow for right-in/right-out access; however grading is in place for a future partial-cloverleaf interchange. North of Symons Valley Parkway, 14 Street NW becomes a rural road and ends at the Calgary city limits at the Highway 566 intersection; continuing as Range Road 14 in Rocky View County. The roadway will be expanded to a four lane, arterial road as the future community of Keystone Hills, located to the east, is developed.

## Major intersections

From south to north. The entire route is in Calgary.

| km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 0.0 | 0.0 | Canyon Meadows Drive | Roadway turns east. |
| 1.1 | 0.68 | Anderson Road |  |
| 2.4 | 1.5 | Southland Drive | South end of Southwest Transitway |
| 3.6 | 2.2 | 90 Avenue SW | 90 Avenue SW station |
| 4.4 | 2.7 | Heritage Drive | Heritage Park station; access to Heritage Park Historical Village |
| 5.3 | 3.3 | 75 Avenue SW | Rockyview station; north end of Southwest Transitway; no westbound to southbound access; access to Rockyview General Hospital |
| 6.0 | 3.7 | Glenmore Trail | Semi-directional T interchange |
| 2.9 km (1.8 mi) gap in 14 Street SW | | | | | | | |
| 8.9 | 5.5 | 38 Avenue SW |  |
| 9.4 | 5.8 | 33 Avenue SW / Council Way |  |
| 10.9 | 6.8 | 17 Avenue SW |  |
| 11.4 | 7.1 | 12 Avenue SW | One-way; eastbound |
| 11.6 | 7.2 | 11 Avenue SW | One-way; westbound |
| 11.6 | 7.2 | 10 Avenue SW | Access to  Sunalta station |
| 11.7–
11.9 | 7.3–
7.4 | 9 Avenue SW east / Bow Trail west City Centre | Interchange; exit to 9 Ave SW, entrance from Bow Trail (6 Ave SW) only |
| 11.9–
12.2 | 7.4–
7.6 | *Mewata Bridge* crosses the Bow River | |
| 12.2 | 7.6 | Memorial Drive | Interchange; northbound to westbound exit, eastbound to southbound entrance |
| 12.5 | 7.8 | Kensington Road |  |
| 13.8 | 8.6 | 14 Avenue NW | Diamond interchange; access to  SAIT/ACAD/Jubilee station, SAIT, Alberta University of the Arts, Jubilee Auditorium |
| 14.1 | 8.8 | 16 Avenue NW (Highway 1) | Diamond interchange |
| 15.9 | 9.9 | Northmount Drive |  |
| 16.6 | 10.3 | John Laurie Boulevard | Single-point urban interchange; traffic signals |
| 19.1 | 11.9 | 64 Avenue NW | Access to Nose Hill Park |
| 23.5 | 14.6 | Country Hills Boulevard |  |
| 23.9 | 14.9 | Hidden Valley Drive |  |
| 2.7 km (1.7 mi) gap in 14 Street NW | | | | | | | |
| 26.6 | 16.5 | Panatella Boulevard |  |
| 27.2 | 16.9 | Stoney Trail (Highway 201) | Partial cloverleaf interchange; Hwy 201 exit 52 |
| 27.7 | 17.2 | Symons Valley Parkway |  |
| 31.1 | 19.3 | Highway 566 (146 Avenue NW) | Calgary city limits; continues north as Range Road 14 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/14 Street W (Calgary)KML is not from Wikidata

## InfoBox

14 Street W
| 14 St NW along Nose Hill Park (2013). | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Calgary, Alberta |
| ----**Southern section** | |
| 14 Street SW | |
| Length | 6.0 km (3.7 mi) |
| South end | Canyon Meadows Drive |
| Major
junctions | Anderson Road
Southland Drive |
| North end | Glenmore Trail |
| ----**Central section** | |
| 14 Street SW, 14 Street NW | |
| Length | 15.0 km (9.3 mi) |
| South end | 38 Avenue SW |
| Major
junctions |  |
| North end | Hidden Valley Drive |
| ----**Northern section** | |
| 14 Street NW | |
| Length | 4.5 km (2.8 mi) |
| South end | Panatella Boulevard |
| Major
junctions | Stoney Trail (Highway 201) |
| North end | Hwy 566
(Calgary city limits) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Anti-Evolution League of America

abstract: The Anti-Evolution League of America was a biblical creationist organization created in 1924 a year after William Bell Riley founded the Anti-Evolution League of Minnesota. The first president was the Kentucky preacher Dr. J. W. Porter and T. T. Martin of Mississippi was field secretary and editor of the organization's official organ, The Conflict. The organization was behind anti-evolution legislation in Kentucky, where its efforts were supported by William Jennings Bryan. Following Bryan's death after the Scopes Trial, his son, William Jennings Bryan, Jr., briefly accepted the presidency of the league.

text:
# Anti-Evolution League of America

The **Anti-Evolution League of America** was a biblical creationist organization created in 1924 a year after William Bell Riley founded the Anti-Evolution League of Minnesota. The first president was the Kentucky preacher Dr. J. W. Porter and T. T. Martin of Mississippi was field secretary and editor of the organization's official organ, *The Conflict*. The organization was behind anti-evolution legislation in Kentucky, where its efforts were supported by William Jennings Bryan. Following Bryan's death after the Scopes Trial, his son, William Jennings Bryan, Jr., briefly accepted the presidency of the league.


title: Elina Kahla

abstract: Elina Kahla is a Finnish philologist and academic who works at the Aleksanteri Institute at the University of Helsinki. She was the former President of the St. Petersburg EUNIC in 2015-2016 and Director of the Finnish Institute in St. Petersburg in 2012–2016. Kahla matriculated in 1979; completed a Master of Arts at Helsinki University in 1985, Licentiate in 2001 and a doctorate in 2007. She worked as a freelance travel guide, translator, interpreter and teacher. From 1991 to 1996, she worked at Aalto Executive Education as project manager and consult. From 1996 to 2012, Kahla worked for the Aleksanteri Institute at the University of Helsinki, and from 2009 as an associate professor at the UH with a focus on Russian cultural history. She was also a fellow (2012-2017) at the Center of Excellence in Russian Studies funded by the Academy of Finland.

text:
# Elina Kahla

**Elina Kahla** is a Finnish philologist and academic who works at the Aleksanteri Institute at the University of Helsinki. She was the former President of the St. Petersburg EUNIC in 2015-2016 and Director of the Finnish Institute in St. Petersburg in 2012–2016.

Kahla matriculated in 1979 (Helsingin Suomalainen yhteiskoulu SYK); completed a Master of Arts at Helsinki University in 1985, Licentiate in 2001 and a doctorate in 2007. She worked as a freelance travel guide, translator, interpreter and teacher. From 1991 to 1996, she worked at Aalto Executive Education as project manager and consult. From 1996 to 2012, Kahla worked for the Aleksanteri Institute at the University of Helsinki, and from 2009 as an associate professor at the UH with a focus on Russian cultural history. She was also a fellow (2012-2017) at the Center of Excellence in Russian Studies funded by the Academy of Finland.

## Selected publications

### Articles

* The Russian Orthodox Church Today: Transformations between secular and sacred. - Philosophical and Cultural Interpretations of Russian Modernisation. Ed. by Arto Mustajoki and Katja Lehtisaari.Routledge.2017. p. 59-74.
* "Keitä me olemme? Keihin me kuulumme? Suomi - Ortodoksia - Venäjänkielisyys" *Ortodoksia* v. 64, p. 7-41. (2015) (In Finnish)
* "Отшельники Импиваары возващаются к общинной жизни (предисловие к А. Киви Семеро братьев)" *Семеро братьев* St. Petersburg: Limbus, p 6. (2014) (in Russian)
* "Civil religion in Russia A choice for Russian modernization?" *Baltic Worlds*, September 2014, Vol VII 2–3, p. 56-64. (in English)
* "Why are Hegumen Paisii and St Maria of Paris not Included in the ROC Calendar of Saints? *Orthodox Paradoxes: Heterogeneities and Complexities in Contemporary Russian Orthodoxy*. Tolstaya, K. (ed.). Amsterdam: Brill, p. 154-166 13 p. (Brill's Series in Church History and Religious Culture; vol. 66) (in English)
* "The new female saints of Russia" *Northern Byzantine Icons*. Usvasalo, M. & Hicks, M. (eds.). Helsinki: Suomen Bysanttikomitea ry, Vol. 2014, p 19 (in English)
* "Venäjän uudet pyhät naiset" *Bysantin kuva Pohjolassa*. Usvasalo, M. (ed.). 1 ed. Helsinki: Suomen Bysanttikomitea ry, Vol. 2014, p. 19 (In Finnish)
* "Kaupunki muistaa keisaria: Romanovien dynastian 400 vuotta" Venäjän aika. 2013, 3, p. 24-27 4 p. (In Finnish)
* "Aitoa kohtaamassa" *Yliopisto: Helsingin yliopiston tiedelehti* 2013, 4, p. 46-48 3 p. (In Finnish)
* "Жизнь и подвиг св. преподобномученицы Елисаветы Феодоровны: между традицией и современностью" *Романовы в истории. Пятые Феодоритовские чтения*. Badanin, I. M. (ed.). 1 ed. Murmansk, St. Petersburg: Ladan, Vol. 2013, p. 248-259 12 p (in Russian)

### Books

* *Sandarmohista Skolkovoon* (co-ed.with Kaarina Aitamurto and Jussi Lassila). Helsinki: Into (2020).
* *Petsamon marttyyri ja maailman pohjoisin luostari* Helsinki: SKS (2020)
* *Between utopia and apocalypse : essays on social theory and Russia* Helsinki: Aleksanteri Institute. (2011) (In English)
* *Tuli ja valo: kertomuksia pyhistä naisista* Helsinki: Maahenki. (2010) (in Finnish)
* *The unlimited gaze: essays in honour of professor Natalia Baschmakoff* Helsinki: Aleksanteri Institute. (2009) (In English)
* *Life as exploit: representations of twentieth-century saintly women in Russia* Helsinki: Kikimora Publications, (2007) (in English)
* *Мой Питер: эссе финских авторов/Moĭ Piter: ėsse finskikh avtorov* Sankt-Peterburg: Izd. dom "Kolo" (2004)(in Russian)

## InfoBox

| Elina Kahla | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1960-04-24)24 April 1960<br>Espoo Finland |
| Nationality | Finnish |
| Occupation(s) | philologist, professor |


title: Elizabeth Cadbury-Brown

abstract: Elizabeth Cadbury-Brown was an American-born British architect. She moved to London in 1948 and from then on worked mostly with H. T. Cadbury-Brown, her husband and professional partner.

text:
# Elizabeth Cadbury-Brown

**Elizabeth Cadbury-Brown** (born **Elizabeth Romeyn Elwyn**; 28 March 1922 – 17 March 2002) was an American-born British architect. She moved to London in 1948 and from then on worked mostly with H. T. Cadbury-Brown, her husband and professional partner.

## Early life

Elizabeth Elwyn was born in 1922 in Manhattan, New York. Her father, Adolf Elwyn, was a neuro-anatomy professor at Columbia University, and her mother was a social and environmental activist. She was raised in Croton-on-Hudson, New York, and attended Hessian Hills School. She studied English briefly at Columbia but transferred to a degree in architecture after a year.

## Career

Cadbury-Brown worked in a New York practice until 1948, when she decided to visit Europe. While in London she met Bill Dale, a lawyer whom she would later marry, and decided to stay and work there. Although she was told by the Royal Institute of British Architects that she would have difficulty finding work in London as an American with little experience, she found an unpaid position at the practice of Ernő Goldfinger. She began working for H. T. Cadbury-Brown in 1949, assisting him on plans for the Festival of Britain which would be held in 1951. They married and later went into practice together.

Together, the Cadbury-Browns collaborated on a number of projects. At the new buildings for the Royal College of Art in Kensington Gore, London, designed by H. T. Cadbury-Brown with Hugh Casson and Robert Goodden and built between 1960 and 1963, Elizabeth was assistant architect for Gulbenkian Hall, where her influence is clearly visible. The couple also worked together on Gravesend Civic Centre in Gravesend; on a controversial council housing project at World's End, Chelsea, from 1963; on the hexagonal lecture theatres for the University of Essex in 1965–1967; on the library and print room of the Royal Academy of Arts in Burlington House on Piccadilly from 1985 to 1987; and on the Cadbury-Browns' own home in Aldeburgh, Suffolk.

National Life Stories conducted an oral history interview (C467/55) with Betty Cardbury-Brown in 1998 for its Architects Lives' collection held by the British Library.

## Personal life

Cadbury-Brown married English lawyer William Dale in 1949. She divorced Dale and remarried H. T. Cadbury-Brown in 1953. Her first marriage ended amicably and she remained close friends with Dale. She died in Aldeburgh in 2002.

## InfoBox

| Elizabeth Cadbury-Brown | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Elizabeth Romeyn Elwyn
(1922-03-28)28 March 1922
Manhattan |
| Died | 17 March 2002(2002-03-17) (aged 79) |
| Nationality | USA
British |
| Alma mater | Columbia University |
| Occupation | Architect |
| Spouses | * Bill Dale * H. T. Cadbury-Brown |
|  | |
| Practice | Ernő Goldfinger
H. T. Cadbury-Brown |
|  | |


title: 1872–73 in English football

abstract: The 1872–73 season was the second season of competitive football in England. When the Football Association football was formed in 1863, the sport was played mainly by public schools, or teams with public school roots, and amateurism was the norm. This remained the case until the 1880s, when working-class teams began to vie for supremacy. The Football Association staged the second edition of the FA Cup, with Wanderers retaining the trophy by defeating Oxford University in the final. The first officially recognised international football match took place on 30 November 1872 when Scotland hosted England.

text:
# 1872–73 in English football

The **1872–73 season** was the second season of competitive football in England. When the Football Association football was formed in 1863, the sport was played mainly by public schools, or teams with public school roots, and amateurism was the norm. This remained the case until the 1880s, when working-class teams began to vie for supremacy. The Football Association staged the second edition of the FA Cup, with Wanderers retaining the trophy by defeating Oxford University in the final.

The first officially recognised international football match took place on 30 November 1872 when Scotland hosted England.

## International matches

### First official international

The Scotland v England match in November 1872 is now officially recognised by FIFA as the first-ever international football match. The Football Association (FA) had initiated five matches between English and Scottish players since 1870, but those are now rated as representative games only because the Scotland teams consisted entirely of Anglo-Scots.

Illustrations of the first international at Hamilton Crescent, by William Ralston.

The first international match that is now officially recognised took place after Queen's Park, the leading Scottish club at the time, invited the FA to select an England team to face a Scotland team (which, as they selected it, consisted entirely of Queen's Park players). The match took place at the Hamilton Crescent cricket ground in Partick, Glasgow on 30 November 1872 and ended in a 0–0 draw in front of around 4,000 spectators. England's team was captained by Cuthbert Ottaway of Oxford University and consisted of players from eight different clubs and one Army regiment.

### Return fixture

The FA hosted a return match at Kennington Oval on 8 March 1873, now officially rated the first international match in England. England adopted Scotland's 2–2–6 formation but retained only two of the players who had appeared in the November match. These were Harwood Greenhalgh of Notts County in defence and Charles Chenery of the original Crystal Palace club in attack. This team had a strong Wanderers influence with Leonard Howell, Walpole Vidal, Alexander Bonsor, William Kenyon-Slaney and Hubert Heron all selected (there were no Wanderers players in the Glasgow match). Of those, however, only Heron would play more than two matches for England. The other players selected were Alexander Morten in goal, William Clegg (whose brother Charlie had played in the previous match) and two Royal Engineers, Pelham von Donop and Alfred Goodwyn.

### Summary of England results

| Date | Opposition | Venue | Competition | Result | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 30 November 1872 | Scotland | Hamilton Crescent, Partick, Glasgow | Friendly | Drew | 0–0 |
| 8 March 1873 | Scotland | Kennington Oval, London | Friendly | Won | 4–2 |
|

### Scottish FA founded

The Scotland team lacked funding and could only raise enough money to cover rail fares for eight players to travel. Their team was augmented by three of the Anglo-Scots who had appeared in the representative matches: A. F. Kinnaird, John Blackburn and Henry Renny-Tailyour. The match ended in a 4–2 victory for England with Kenyon-Slaney scoring the first-ever international goal. The Scottish Football Association was belatedly formed on 13 March, five days after the second match, and assumed responsibility for running the Scotland team.

## FA Cup

In the second edition of the FA Cup, the rules granted automatic qualification to the final for the holders, Wanderers, on a challenge basis similar to that employed in boxing. The final was played on 29 March 1873 at Lillie Bridge, a ground which the Wanderers sometimes used as their home venue. Wanderers retained the trophy with a 2–0 victory over Oxford University. The challenge rule was scrapped after this match so that, in 1874, Wanderers began their defence in the first round with all other entrants.

Oxford University came through four rounds to reach the final. In turn, they defeated Crystal Palace at home 3–2, Clapham Rovers away 0–3 and Royal Engineers at home 1–0. In the semi-final, they were due to play Queen's Park but the Scottish club withdrew and Oxford University went into the final on a walkover.

## Honours

| Competition | Winners | Runners-up | Venue | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| FA Cup | Wanderers (2\*/0) | Oxford University (0/1) | Lillie Bridge | 2–0 |
|

(*Note*: figures in parentheses display the club's tournament record as winners/runners-up. * indicates a new record for most competition wins.)

## InfoBox

Football in England
| Season | 1872–73 |
| --- | --- |
| Men's football | |
| FA Cup | Wanderers |
|  | |


title: 1873

abstract: 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1873rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 873rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 73rd year of the 19th century, and the 4th year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1873, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

text:
# 1873

1873 in various calendars
| Gregorian calendar | 1873
*MDCCCLXXIII* |
| --- | --- |
| Ab urbe condita | 2626 |
| Armenian calendar | 1322
ԹՎ ՌՅԻԲ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6623 |
| Baháʼí calendar | 29–30 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1794–1795 |
| Bengali calendar | 1280 |
| Berber calendar | 2823 |
| British Regnal year | 36 Vict. 1  37 Vict. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2417 |
| Burmese calendar | 1235 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7381–7382 |
| Chinese calendar | 壬申年 (Water Monkey)
4570 or 4363
*to*
癸酉年 (Water Rooster)
4571 or 4364 |
| Coptic calendar | 1589–1590 |
| Discordian calendar | 3039 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1865–1866 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5633–5634 |
| Hindu calendars |  |
| \- *Vikram Samvat* | 1929–1930 |
| \- *Shaka Samvat* | 1794–1795 |
| \- *Kali Yuga* | 4973–4974 |
| Holocene calendar | 11873 |
| Igbo calendar | 873–874 |
| Iranian calendar | 1251–1252 |
| Islamic calendar | 1289–1290 |
| Japanese calendar | Meiji 6
(明治６年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1801–1802 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 12 days |
| Korean calendar | 4206 |
| Minguo calendar | 39 before ROC
民前39年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 405 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2415–2416 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳水猴年
(male Water-Monkey)
1999 or 1618 or 846
*to*
阴水鸡年
(female Water-Rooster)
2000 or 1619 or 847 |

**1873** (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1873rd year of the Common Era (CE) and *Anno Domini* (AD) designations, the 873rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 73rd year of the 19th century, and the 4th year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1873, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

## Events

### JanuaryMarch

### AprilJune

### JulySeptember

### OctoberDecember

### Date unknown

## Births

### JanuaryMarch

### AprilJune

### JulySeptember

### OctoberDecember

### Date unknown

## Deaths

### JanuaryJune

### JulyDecember

## Further reading and year books

* *1873 Annual Cyclopedia* (1874) highly detailed coverage of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry" for year 1873; massive compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage; 831pp

## InfoBox

| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
| --- | --- |
| Centuries: |  |
| Decades: |  |
| Years: |  |


title: Elizabeth Joan Stokes

abstract: Elizabeth Joan Stokes was an English bacteriologist. She spent the majority of her career as a clinical bacteriologist at University College Hospital in London.

text:
# Elizabeth Joan Stokes

**Elizabeth Joan Stokes** (*née* Rooke; 6 May 1912 – 28 January 2010) was an English bacteriologist. She spent the majority of her career as a clinical bacteriologist at University College Hospital in London.

## Biography

Elizabeth Joan Stokes was born on 6 May 1912 in Hampstead, London, to Thomas Rooke, an engineer, and Elizabeth Frances Pearce, whose father was the Liberal MP Robert Pearce. She attended University College Hospital Medical School (now a part of UCL Medical School) and graduated with an MBBS in 1937. She worked at UCH as a house physician, house surgeon and casualty officer before becoming a medical registrar under Thomas Lewis in 1940. When UCH was evacuated to Cardiff in 1941, Stokes decided to make a career change from clinical medicine to pathology. She began training as a pathologist at the London Public Health Laboratory in Watford, where she worked with Arnold Ashley Miles. She was promoted to the role of public health bacteriologist in 1944 and returned to UCH as a clinical bacteriologist in 1946. She was the first person to hold that position at UCH, and remained there until her retirement in 1977.

Stokes is credited as a pioneer in turning bacteriology into a clinical subspecialty of medicine, rather than a strictly scientific branch of pathology. She developed a standardised method for testing antibiotic sensitivity, which was named the Stokes method and was the standard test until the 1980s. Her textbook, titled *Clinical Bacteriology* and later *Clinical Microbiology*, was first published in 1955 and continued until its seventh edition in 1993. Stokes was elected Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians (FRCP) in 1958. She was a founding fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists in 1963, and later served on its council. She served as president of the Royal Society of Medicine's pathology division in 1967–68, and in 1971 she became a fellow of University College London. She retired in 1977 and died on 28 January 2010, at the age of 97.

In 1940 in Chelsea, London, she married the physician John Fisher Stokes, who was elected FRCP in 1947. The marriage lasted 69 years. They were the first husband and wife who were both elected FRCP. They had a son, a daughter, and five grandchildren.

## InfoBox

| Elizabeth Joan StokesFRCP | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Elizabeth Joan Rooke
(1912-05-06)6 May 1912
Hampstead, London |
| Died | 28 January 2010(2010-01-28) (aged 97) |
| Alma mater | University College Hospital |
| Known for | Stokes method |
| Spouse | John Fisher Stokes (m. 1940) |
| Relatives | Robert Pearce (grandfather) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields |  |
| Institutions | University College Hospital |
|  | |


title: Elijah Landsofer

abstract: Rabbi Elija or Elia Bumsla was born to Karmi Bumsla in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. Karmi moved to Prague from Mladá Boleslav, and took on the Yiddish and Latin pronunciation Bumsla. Elija was a professional scribe and received the title "sofer medina" or Land-Sofer for being well known throughout the Bohemian region. His youngest son, Jonah, who became a well known scribe as well, adopted his father's title for his surname as well. Elija married Gittele Brandeis granddaughter of Rabbi Samuel Brandeis HaLevi, President of Prague Gemeinde. Both Samuel and his wife were grandchildren of Judah Loew ben Bezalel, the famed Maharal of Prague. Gittele and Elija had four sons. The eldest son was Rabbi Bezalel, Rabbi Leib Bumsla (1655–1734) the second son, the third was Rabbi Gershon Brandeis, known as "Rosh Hakahal", and the youngest son was Rabbi Jonah Landsofer (1678–1712). Rabbi Jonah was the author of numerous books and responsa including the sefer "me'il tzedaka". Originally authored anonymously, it wasn't till nearly 100 years later that the Noda Biyhuda revealed the author's name. "Even that the author hid his name due to his great humility...it appears to me that he is one of the early sages...HaRov HaGaon the famous, the pious, our teacher, Jona Landsofer...". Among his descendants are Rabbi Wolf Bumslau, Rabbi Samuel Bondi (1794–1877), founder of the orthodox congregation of Mainz, father-in-law of the author, Rabbi Marcus Lehmann, and grandfather-in-law of Rabbi Eliezer Liepman Philip Prins (1835–1915), progenitor of the Jewish Prins family. It is likely that Elija is also the ancestor of the Bomze and Bomzer families, but further research is required.

text:
# Elijah Landsofer

Rabbi **Elija** or **Elia Bumsla** (died 1702) was born to Karmi Bumsla in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. Karmi moved to Prague from Mladá Boleslav (Czech pronunciation: \[ˈmladaː ˈbolɛslaf\]; German: Jungbunzlau, Latin: Bumsla), and took on the Yiddish and Latin pronunciation Bumsla. Elija was a professional scribe and received the title "sofer medina" or **Land-Sofer** for being well known throughout the Bohemian region. His youngest son, Jonah, who became a well known scribe as well, adopted his father's title for his surname as well.

Elija married Gittele Brandeis granddaughter of Rabbi Samuel Brandeis HaLevi, President of Prague Gemeinde. Both Samuel and his wife were grandchildren of Judah Loew ben Bezalel, the famed Maharal of Prague. Gittele and Elija had four sons. The eldest son was Rabbi Bezalel, Rabbi Leib Bumsla (1655–1734) the second son, the third was Rabbi Gershon Brandeis, known as "Rosh Hakahal", and the youngest son was Rabbi Jonah Landsofer (1678–1712). Rabbi Jonah was the author of numerous books and responsa including the sefer "me'il tzedaka". Originally authored anonymously, it wasn't till nearly 100 years later that the Noda Biyhuda revealed the author's name. "Even that the author hid his name due to his great humility...it appears to me that he is one of the early sages...HaRov HaGaon the famous, the pious, our teacher, Jona Landsofer...".

Among his descendants are Rabbi Wolf Bumslau, Rabbi Samuel Bondi (1794–1877), founder of the orthodox congregation of Mainz, father-in-law of the author, Rabbi Marcus Lehmann, and grandfather-in-law of Rabbi Eliezer Liepman Philip Prins (1835–1915), progenitor of the Jewish Prins family. It is likely that Elija is also the ancestor of the Bomze and Bomzer families, but further research is required.


title: Elijah List

abstract: The Elijah List is a non-denominational Christian prophetic website based in Oregon, US. The website was created by Steve Shultz in 1997 and has over 250,000 subscribers as of 2021. The name of the site comes from the Old Testament prophet, Elijah. The list's mission statement says that it "is called to transmit around the world, in agreement with Holy Scripture, fresh daily prophetic 'manna' from the Lord, regarding the days in which we live." The site states that it "receives content from a large number of American 'prophets' and 'seers'." and contains links to many of their sites. The Elijah List has been referred to as "influential" among the New Apostolic Reformation movement, a Charismatic Christian movement. Various members of the prophetic movement have credited their exposure and/or popularity to their writings on the Elijah List, including Catherine Brown, Chuck Pierce, Kim Clement, Kathie Walters and Victoria Boyson. The Elijah List was holding conferences as early as November 2000. In a March 2006 profile, Charisma noted that "The Elijah List has more than 127,000 subscribers and has become the largest platform for prophetic ministers."

text:
# Elijah List

The **Elijah List** is a non-denominational Christian prophetic website based in Oregon, US.

The website was created by Steve Shultz in 1997 and has over 250,000 subscribers as of 2021. The name of the site comes from the Old Testament prophet, Elijah. The list's mission statement says that it "is called to transmit around the world, in agreement with Holy Scripture, fresh daily prophetic 'manna' from the Lord, regarding the days in which we live." The site states that it "receives content from a large number of American 'prophets' and 'seers'." and contains links to many of their sites. The Elijah List has been referred to as "influential" among the New Apostolic Reformation movement, a Charismatic Christian movement.

Various members of the prophetic movement have credited their exposure and/or popularity to their writings on the Elijah List, including Catherine Brown, Chuck Pierce, Kim Clement (now deceased), Kathie Walters and Victoria Boyson.

The Elijah List was holding conferences as early as November 2000. In a March 2006 profile, *Charisma* noted that "The Elijah List has more than 127,000 subscribers and has become the largest platform for prophetic ministers."

## Controversy

As of 2023, a minor rift has emerged among figures associated with Elijah List and Pentecostalism more broadly, with some Pentecostals and self-proclaimed prophets accusing others of promoting false theological teachings.

## InfoBox

The Elijah List
| Founded | 1997 (1997) |
| --- | --- |
| Founder | Steve Shultz |
| Headquarters | Albany, Oregon, U.S. |
| Owner | Steve Shultz |


title: 1975 Croke Cup

abstract: The 1975 Croke Cup was the 24th staging of the Croke Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1944. The competition ran from 23 March to 20 April 1975. St Finbarr's College were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Thurles CBS in the Harty Cup first round. The final was played on 20 April 1975 at Semple Stadium in Thurles, between St Kieran's College and Coláiste Iognáid Rís, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. St Kieran's College won the match by 6–09 to 2–03 to claim a seventh Croke Cup title overall and a first title in four years.

text:
# 1975 Croke Cup

The **1975 Croke Cup** was the 24th staging of the Croke Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1944. The competition ran from 23 March to 20 April 1975.

St Finbarr's College were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Thurles CBS in the Harty Cup first round.

The final was played on 20 April 1975 at Semple Stadium in Thurles, between St Kieran's College and Coláiste Iognáid Rís, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. St Kieran's College won the match by 6–09 to 2–03 to claim a seventh Croke Cup title overall and a first title in four years.

## Qualification

| Province | Champions |
| --- | --- |
| Connacht | Our Lady's College |
| Leinster | St Kieran's College |
| Munster | Coláiste Iognáid Rís |

## Results

### Semi-final

| 23 March 1975 Semi-final | **Coláiste Iognáid Rís** | **8-10 - 5-02** | **Our Lady's College** | Gaelic Grounds |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

### Final

| 20 April 1975 Final | **St Kieran's College** | **6-09 - 2-03** | **Coláiste Iognáid Rís** | Semple Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | K Brennan 2-3, P Brennan 2-0, K O'Shea 1-1, J Prendergast 1-1, P Prendergast 0-1, D Fitzgerald 0-1, G Ryan 0-1, S Brennan 0-1. |  | J Barry 1-1, J Murphy 1-1, P Crowley 0-1. | Referee: J Moloney (Tipperary) |

## InfoBox

1975 Croke Cup
| Dates | 23 March - 20 April 1975 |
| --- | --- |
| Teams | 3 |
| Champions | St Kieran's College (7th title)<br>Kieran Brennan (captain) |
| Runners-up | Coláiste Iognáid Rís |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 2 |
| Goals scored | 21 (10.5 per match) |
| Points scored | 24 (12 per match) |
| 1974 (Previous) (Next) 1976 | |


title: Anthony Davis (politician)

abstract: Anthony Davis is an American politician from Tennessee. He is a Democrat and represented District 51 in the Tennessee House of Representatives from June to October 2023. Davis attended Martin Luther King Magnet at Pearl High School and received a marketing degree from Lambuth University. He represented District 7 on the Nashville Metro Council from 2011 to 2019. Davis established the East Nashville Beer Works craft brewery in 2016. Following the death of Representative Bill Beck, the Nashville Metro Council appointed Davis to represent the 51st district until a special election could be held; he was defeated in the August 3 primary by Aftyn Behn.

text:
# Anthony Davis (politician)

**Anthony Davis** (born August 8, 1980) is an American politician from Tennessee. He is a Democrat and represented District 51 in the Tennessee House of Representatives from June to October 2023. Davis attended Martin Luther King Magnet at Pearl High School and received a marketing degree from Lambuth University. He represented District 7 on the Nashville Metro Council from 2011 to 2019. Davis established the East Nashville Beer Works craft brewery in 2016. Following the death of Representative Bill Beck, the Nashville Metro Council appointed Davis to represent the 51st district until a special election could be held; he was defeated in the August 3 primary by Aftyn Behn.

## Personal life

Davis lives in Nashville with his partner Kim and their two children.

## InfoBox

| Anthony Davis | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Tennessee House of Representatives
from the 51st district | |
| **In office**
June 20, 2023  October 4, 2023 | |
| Appointed by | Nashville Metro Council |
| Preceded by | Bill Beck |
| Succeeded by | Aftyn Behn |
| Member of the Nashville Metro Council
from the 7th district | |
| **In office**
2011–2019 | |
| Preceded by | Erik Cole |
| Succeeded by | Emily Benedict |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1980-08-08) August 8, 1980 |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Children | 2 |
| Education | Lambuth University (BBA) |
|  | |


title: Anthony Dawson

abstract: Anthony Douglas Gillon Dawson was a Scottish actor, best known for his supporting roles as villains in films such as Alfred Hitchcock's Dial M for Murder (1954) and Midnight Lace (1960), and playing Professor Dent in the James Bond film Dr. No (1962). He also appeared as Ernst Stavro Blofeld in From Russia with Love (1963) and Thunderball (1965).

text:
# Anthony Dawson

**Anthony Douglas Gillon Dawson** (18 October 1916 – 8 January 1992) was a Scottish actor, best known for his supporting roles as villains in films such as Alfred Hitchcock's *Dial M for Murder* (1954) and *Midnight Lace* (1960), and playing Professor Dent in the James Bond film *Dr. No* (1962). He also appeared as Ernst Stavro Blofeld in *From Russia with Love* (1963) and *Thunderball* (1965).

## Life

Dawson was born in Edinburgh, the son of Ida Violet (Kittel) and Eric Francis Dawson.

## Career

Following Royal Academy of Dramatic Art training and World War II service, he made his film debut in 1943's *They Met in the Dark*. He went on to appear in such classic British films as *The Way to the Stars* (1945), *The Queen of Spades* (1948) and *The Wooden Horse* (1950), before moving to America in the early 1950s.

It was while there that he appeared on Broadway in the play, and then the subsequent Alfred Hitchcock film of *Dial M for Murder* (1954), playing C. A. Swann/Captain Lesgate. In the film, he is blackmailed by Tony Wendice (Ray Milland) into murdering his wife Margot (Grace Kelly). In his unpublished memoirs, *Rambling Recollections*, Dawson reminisced about getting the part:

> ... I had never met Hitchcock before, and yet he was about to do me the most fantastic good turn I could imagine. In that wonderful fat man's Cockney voice, he said, slowly, drooping every word separately, as though he had all day: 'Tony, I just called to let you know that I want you for this picture, so you're quite safe to make yourself a nice deal.' What could I say? I mumbled my thanks and put the phone down, feeling rather dazed, electrified, stunned; all of these. The full impact of this call from Hitch was very soon to come home to me.

He had two other memorable roles on his return to Britain, including the evil Marques Siniestro in Hammer's *The Curse of the Werewolf* (1961) and henchman Professor Dent in the first James Bond film, *Dr. No* (1962).

Throughout his career he could often be found in the films of director Terence Young, including the aforementioned *Dr. No*, *They Were Not Divided* (1950), *Valley of Eagles* (1951), *The Amorous Adventures of Moll Flanders* (1965), *Triple Cross* (1966), *Red Sun* (1971), *Inchon* (1982) and *The Jigsaw Man* (1983). Young also cast him as the physical presence of Ernst Stavro Blofeld in his Bond films *From Russia with Love* (1963) and *Thunderball* (1965), stroking the ubiquitous white cat. His face was never seen, however, and Blofeld's voice was provided by Eric Pohlmann. Dawson appeared alongside fellow Bond veterans Adolfo Celi, Lois Maxwell and Bernard Lee in the Italian Bond knockoff *O.K. Connery*.

After the early 1960s, his roles got progressively smaller, but he continued to act until his death.

## Death

He died in East Sussex of cancer at the age of 75 in January 1992.

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Anthony Dawson | |
| --- | --- |
| Dawson as Professor Dent in the James Bond film *Dr. No* (1962) | |
| Born | Anthony Douglas Gillon Dawson
(1916-10-18)18 October 1916
Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Died | 8 January 1992(1992-01-08) (aged 75)
Lewes, England |
| Alma mater | Royal Academy of Dramatic Art |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1940–1991 |


title: 14th King George's Own Ferozepore Sikhs

abstract:
The 14th King George's Own Ferozepore Sikhs was a regiment of the British Indian Army; they can trace their origins to the Regiment of Ferozepore formed in 1846. The regiment had a number of different titles over the following years: the 14th Bengal Native Infantry 1861–1864, the 14th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry 1864–1885, the 14th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry 1885–1901, the 14th (Ferozepore) Sikh Infantry 1901–1903 and finally, after the Kitchener reforms of the Indian Army in 1903, the 14th Ferozepore Sikhs. The regiment was part of the international force compiled in China to fight the Boxer Rebellion 1900, and left China two years later. Further changes in name followed: the 14th Prince of Wales's Own Ferozepore Sikhs 1906–1910, the 14th King George's Own Ferozepore Sikhs 1910–1922.
To honour the visit of the Prince and Princess of Wales to Indian they took part in the Rawalpindi Parade 1905. In World War I they took part in the Gallipoli Campaign with the 29th Indian Brigade and the Mesopotamia Campaign with the 51st Indian Brigade, 17th Indian Division. In the post World War I reforms of the Indian Army they were amalgamated into a large regiment and became the 1st Battalion 11th Sikh Regiment. After the independence of India the regiment was allocated to the present-day Indian Army.

text:
# 14th King George's Own Ferozepore Sikhs

The **14th King George's Own Ferozepore Sikhs** was a regiment of the British Indian Army; they can trace their origins to the *Regiment of Ferozepore* formed in 1846. The regiment had a number of different titles over the following years: the 14th Bengal Native Infantry 1861–1864, the 14th (The Ferozepore) Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry 1864–1885, the 14th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry (Ferozepore Sikhs) 1885–1901, the 14th (Ferozepore) Sikh Infantry 1901–1903 and finally, after the Kitchener reforms of the Indian Army in 1903, the 14th Ferozepore Sikhs.

The regiment was part of the international force compiled in China to fight the Boxer Rebellion 1900, and left China two years later.

Further changes in name followed: the 14th Prince of Wales's Own Ferozepore Sikhs 1906–1910, the 14th King George's Own Ferozepore Sikhs 1910–1922. To honour the visit of the Prince and Princess of Wales to Indian they took part in the Rawalpindi Parade 1905.

In World War I they took part in the Gallipoli Campaign with the 29th Indian Brigade and the Mesopotamia Campaign with the 51st Indian Brigade, 17th Indian Division.

In the post World War I reforms of the Indian Army they were amalgamated into a large regiment and became the 1st Battalion 11th Sikh Regiment. After the independence of India the regiment was allocated to the present-day Indian Army.

## Battle and theatre honours

*Lucknow, 1878 Afghanistan, 1878 Ali Masjid, Defence of Chitral 1895, China 1900*, *The Great War*

## Name changes

* Regiment of Ferozepore (1846–1861)
* 15th Regiment (1861)
* 14th Bengal Native Infantry (1861–1864)
* 14th (The Ferozepore) Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry (1864–1885)
* 14th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry (Ferozepore Sikhs) (1885–1901)
* 14th (Ferozepore) Sikh Infantry (1901–1903)
* 14th Ferozepore Sikhs (1903–1906)
* 14th Prince of Wales's Own Ferozepore Sikhs (1906–1910)
* 14th King George's Own Ferozepore Sikhs (1910–1922)

## Campaigns

## Sources

* Barthorp, Michael; Burn, Jeffrey (1979). *Indian infantry regiments 1860–1914*. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 0-85045-307-0.
* Sumner, Ian (2001). *The Indian Army 1914-1947*. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-196-6.

## InfoBox

| 14th Sikhs | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Active | 1846–1922 |
| Country | Indian Empire |
| Branch | Army |
| Type | Infantry |
| Part of | Bengal Army (to 1895)
Bengal Command |
| Uniform | Red; faced yellow |
| Engagements | Lucknow
1878–80 Afghanistan
1878 Ali Masjid
Defence of Chitral
1900 China |
| Commanders | |
| Colonel-in-Chief | Edward VII (1904) |


title: 14th Kujavian Infantry Regiment

abstract: 14th Infantry Regiment of the Land of Kujawy was an infantry regiment of the Polish Army. It existed from 1918 until 1939. Garrisoned in Włocławek, the unit belonged to the 4th Infantry Division from Toruń.

text:
# 14th Kujavian Infantry Regiment

**14th Infantry Regiment of the Land of Kujawy** (Polish language: **14 Pułk Piechoty Ziemi Kujawskiej, 14 pp**) was an infantry regiment of the Polish Army. It existed from 1918 until 1939. Garrisoned in Włocławek, the unit belonged to the 4th Infantry Division from Toruń.

## Beginnings

On October 26, 1918, in Jicin (Austrian Kingdom of Bohemia), ethnic Poles, serving in the reserve battalion of Austro-Hungarian 90th Infantry Regiment, rebelled against Austrian authorities and took control of the unit.

On October 27, 1918 in Kryvyi Rih, which was occupied by Austro-German forces, ethnic Polish soldiers of the 90th Austro-Hungarian Infantry Regiment also rebelled against their superiors, and decided to return on their own to their hometowns of Rzeszów and Jarosław. In the night of November 10/11, 1918, the soldiers clashed with the Ukrainians at the rail station of Chodorow. The battle resulted with 13 Poles KIA.

On November 6, the reserve battalion returned from Jicin to Jarosław, and soon afterwards, all battalions joined forces in a new, Polish 90th Infantry Regiment, commanded by Colonel Ignacy Misiag. At the same time, officers of the Austro-Hungarian 34th Infantry Regiment from Jarosław, decided to form 1st Infantry Regiment of the Land of Jarosław, commanded by Colonel Wiktor Jarosz-Kamionka. Facing the Polish-Ukrainian War, both units merged into the 9th Infantry Regiment. In February 1919, its name was changed into the 14th Infantry Regiment. As part of the 7th Infantry Brigade, the regiment fought in the Polish–Soviet War, after which it was moved to Zambrów. Finally, in 1921, the unit took barracks in Włocławek, remaining there until 1939.

In August 1920, the soldiers of the 14th Regiment defended Włocławek from Soviet invaders, and to commemorate this event, a monument dedicated to them was unveiled on December 15, 1923.

## 1939 Invasion of Poland

On August 14, 1939, the mobilization of the regiment began, and on August 26, after the oath, the soldiers marched to their positions near Golub-Dobrzyń, in the village of Debowa Laka. On September 1, the regiment clashed with the advancing Wehrmacht, covering the wing of the retreating 16th Infantry Division. Due to difficult situation of Polish units, the regiment regrouped and withdrew behind the Drweca river, near Golub-Dobrzyń.

Following a long march southwards, the regiment clashed with the enemy on September 11, near the village of Sobota. During the battle, Colonel Wlodzimierz Brayczewski, who commanded the unit was wounded. Brayczewski was replaced by Colonel Bohdan Soltys, who himself was killed during the attack on Głowno. New commandant, Major Jan Lobza, ordered the regiment to take defensive positions along the Bzura river (see Battle of Bzura).

On September 16, after several clashes with the enemy, the regiment was forced to retreat to the village of Witusza. It was then ordered to march to a forest near Brzeziny, to join other Polish units in the area. Due to enemy activity, the regiment was unable to reach the new positions, and concentrated in a forest near Stare Budy. Since the situation of Polish forces was desperate, General Władysław Bortnowski ordered all units to disperse into small groups, and try to reach Warsaw. The 14th Infantry Regiment of the Land of Kujawy ceased to exist as a cohesive unit.

## Commandants

* Colonel Ignacy Misiag (1918),
* Colonel Wiktor Jarosz-Kamionka (1918–1919),
* Colonel Waclaw Fara (1919),
* Major Alfred Kawecki (1920),
* Major Ignacy Misiag (1920),
* Colonel Stefan Iwanowski (1920),
* Major Ignacy Misiag (1920–1933),
* Colonel Franciszek Sudol (1933 – V 1939),
* Colonel Wladyslaw Dziobek (V – VII 1939),
* Colonel Wlodzimierz Brayczewski (VII – 11 IX 1939),
* Colonel Bohdan Soltys (11 – 12 IX 1939),
* Major Jan Lobza (13 – 18 IX 1939).

## Symbols

The flag, funded by the residents of Włocławek, was handed to the regiment on October 27, 1923 in Włocławek, by President Stanislaw Wojciechowski.

The badge approved in 1929, was in the shape of the Cross of Valour with the inscription 14 PP 1929, and the Polish Eagle in the middle.

## Sources

* Kazimierz Satora: Opowieści wrześniowych sztandarów. Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy Pax, 1990
* Zdzisław Jagiełło: Piechota Wojska Polskiego 1918–1939. Warszawa: Bellona, 2007


title: 14th King's Hussars

abstract: The 14th King's Hussars was a cavalry regiment in the British Army, first raised in 1715. It saw service for two centuries, including the First World War, before being amalgamated with the 20th Hussars to form the 14th/20th King's Hussars in 1922.

text:
# 14th King's Hussars

The **14th King's Hussars** was a cavalry regiment in the British Army, first raised in 1715. It saw service for two centuries, including the First World War, before being amalgamated with the 20th Hussars to form the 14th/20th King's Hussars in 1922.

## History

### Early wars

The regiment was raised in the south of England by Brigadier-General James Dormer as **James Dormer's Regiment of Dragoons**, and ranked as the 14th Dragoons, in 1715 as part of the response to the Jacobite rebellion. It took part in the Battle of Preston in November 1715 after which it escorted some of the rebels to Lancaster Gaol. The regiment was sent to Ireland in 1717 and remained there until 1742. It fought but was completely outflanked at the Battle of Prestonpans in September 1745 and then took part in the equally disastrous Battle of Falkirk Muir in January 1746 during the Jacobite rising of 1745. The regiment returned to Ireland in 1747 and it was formally renamed as the **14th Regiment of Dragoons** in 1751. It became a light dragoon regiment in 1776, as the **14th Regiment of (Light) Dragoons**, and two troops were detached and joined 8th Light Dragoons in the Low Countries in 1794 for service in the Flanders Campaign. Then seven troops were detached and deployed to the French colony of Saint-Domingue in 1795 during the Haitian Revolution; they took part in an action at Mirebalais in June 1797 in which they helped defeat 1,200 ex-slaves who were sympathetic to new regime in France.

The regiment was renamed for Princess Frederica in 1798 as the **14th (The Duchess of York's Own) Regiment of (Light) Dragoons** and allowed to use the Prussian Eagle as its badge. The regiment was dispatched to Lisbon in December 1808 to join Sir Arthur Wellesley's Army which was engaged in the Peninsular War. The regiment fought at the Second Battle of Porto in May 1809 during which one of the French brigade commanders, General Maximilien Foy, was wounded in an action involving a squadron of the regiment.

The regiment fought at the Battle of Talavera in July 1809 and saw hard action at Barquilla on 11 July 1810 during which the commanding officer of the regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel Neil Talbot, and eight of his men were killed. The regiment, now under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Felton Hervey-Bathurst, then took part in a skirmish on the Coa river on 24 July 1810 and, in pressing home a frontal attack on a French artillery battery, a squadron of the regiment was badly mauled at the Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro in May 1811. The following year was a very busy one for the regiment: the regiment fought at the Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo in January 1812, the Siege of Badajoz in March 1812, the Battle of Villagarcia in April 1812 and the Battle of Salamanca in July 1812.

During the Battle of Vitoria in June 1813 the regiment captured a silver chamberpot belonging to King Joseph Bonaparte, brother of the Emperor Napoleon, which resulted in the regimental nickname of *"The Emperor's Chambermaids"*. The regiment advanced into France performing a supporting role at the Battle of Orthez in February 1814 and at the Battle of Toulouse in April 1814. The regiment went back to England in July 1814, but deployed two squadrons to North America where, dismounted, they took part in the Battle of New Orleans on 8 January 1815 in the closing stages of the War of 1812. The regiment served in Ireland between January 1816 and June 1819 and between April 1825 and March 1828.

### The Victorian era

The regiment was renamed in July 1830, to mark the coronation of William IV as the **14th (The King's) Regiment of (Light) Dragoons,** and it took part in the suppression of the Bristol riots in October 1831. It was dispatched to India in May 1841. The regiment marched from Kirkee in the west of the country to Ambala in the north of the country through the winter of 1845 during the First Anglo-Sikh War.

The commanding officer of the regiment, Colonel William Havelock, led a charge, apparently without orders, at the Battle of Ramnagar in November 1848 during the Second Anglo-Sikh War. Havelock and his leading troopers were surrounded and cut down. After a further charge failed, Brigadier Charles Cureton, the commander of the cavalry division to which the troops belonged, galloped up and ordered a retreat. Cureton himself was then killed by musket fire. The regiment were routed at the Battle of Chillianwala in January 1849 but redeemed themselves at the Battle of Gujrat in February 1849. It also took part in an expedition under Lieutenant-General Sir James Outram against Persia in spring 1857 during the Anglo-Persian War.

The regiment returned to India in May 1857 and took part in the Central Indian campaign during 1858 in the latter stages of the Indian Rebellion. Major James Leith was awarded the Victoria Cross during this campaign; the regiment were ordered home in February 1860. The title of the regiment was simplified in August 1861 to the **14th (King's) Hussars**.

### 20th century

The regiment arrived in South Africa in January 1900 and took part in the relief of Kimberley in February 1900 during the Second Boer War. The regiment, which was serving in Mhow in India as part of the Meerut Cavalry Brigade in the Meerut Divisional Area at the start of the First World War landed in Mesopotamia in November 1915. It was involved in most of the actions during the Mesopotamian campaign before moving to Persia in May 1918. The regiment retitled as the **14th King's Hussars** in January 1921 and was amalgamated with the 20th Hussars to form the 14th/20th King's Hussars in October 1922.

## Regimental museum

The Museum of the 14th/20th King's Hussars was in the Museum of Lancashire in Preston until it closed in 2016.

## Battle honours

The regiment's battle honours were as follows:

* *Early wars*: Douro, Talavera, Fuentes d'Onor, Salamanca, Vittoria, Pyrenees, Orthes, Peninsula, Chillianwallah, Goojerat, Punjaub, Persia, Central India, Relief of Ladysmith, South Africa 1900-02
* *The Great War*: Tigris 1916, Kut al Amara 1917, Baghdad, Mesopotamia 1915-18, Persia 1918

## Victoria Crosses

## Regimental Colonels

Colonels of the Regiment were:

James Dormer's Regiment of Dragoons 14th Regiment of Dragoons (1751) 14th Regiment of (Light) Dragoons (1776) 14th (The Duchess of York's Own) Regiment of (Light) Dragoons (1798) 14th (The King's) Regiment of (Light) Dragoons (1830) * 1830–1853: Gen. Sir Edward Kerrison, Bt, KCB, GCH
* 1853–1860: Gen. Hon. Sir Henry Murray, KCB
* 1860: Lt-Gen. Allan Thomas Maclean
* 1860–1871: Gen. William Beckwith

14th (King's) Hussars (1861) 14th King's Hussars (1921)

### Sources

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| 14th King's Hussars | |
| --- | --- |
| Badge of the 14th King's Hussars | |
| Active | 1715-1922 |
| Country | Kingdom of Great Britain (1715–1800)
United Kingdom (1801–1922) |
| Branch | British Army |
| Type | Cavalry |
| Role | Line Cavalry |
| Size | 1 Regiment |
| Nickname(s) | *Hawks*
*The Emperor's Chambermaids* |


title: Arctohyalopoa

abstract: Arctohyalopoa is a genus of grass in the family Poaceae. It is native to the eastern Russian oblasts of Krasnoyarsk, Sakha, and Zabaykalsky Krai.

text:
# Arctohyalopoa

***Arctohyalopoa*** is a genus of grass in the family Poaceae. It is native to the eastern Russian oblasts of Krasnoyarsk, Sakha, and Zabaykalsky Krai.

## Taxonomy

*Arctohyalopoa* was first described in the scientific journal *Taxon* by the authors Martin Röser and Natalia Tkach in 2020. The genus *Arctohyalopoa* consists of four species: *A. ivanovae*, *A. jurtzevii*, *A. lanatiflora*, and *A. momica*. Its type species is *A. lanatiflora*, which was originally described as *Poa lanatiflora* in 1932.

## InfoBox

| *Arctohyalopoa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Pooideae |
| Tribe: | Poeae |
| Genus: | *Arctohyalopoa*<br>Röser & Tkach |
|
| Species | |
|  | |


title: 1894 Bathurst colonial by-election

abstract: A by-election for the seat of Bathurst in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 14 August 1894 because Sydney Smith had been appointed Secretary for Mines and Agriculture in the Reid ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested and four ministers were re-elected unopposed, James Brunker, Joseph Carruthers, Jacob Garrard (Sherbrooke) and James Young. A poll was required in Bathurst, Hartley, Singleton and Sydney-King however all were comfortably re-elected.

text:
# 1894 Bathurst colonial by-election

A by-election for the seat of Bathurst in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly was held on 14 August 1894 because Sydney Smith (Free Trade) had been appointed Secretary for Mines and Agriculture in the Reid ministry. Such ministerial by-elections were usually uncontested and four ministers were re-elected unopposed, James Brunker (East Maitland), Joseph Carruthers (St George), Jacob Garrard (Sherbrooke) and James Young (The Manning). A poll was required in Bathurst, Hartley (Joseph Cook), Singleton (Albert Gould) and Sydney-King (George Reid) however all were comfortably re-elected.

## Dates

| Date | Event |
| --- | --- |
| 17 July 1894 | 1894 New South Wales colonial election |
| 3 August 1894 | Reid ministry appointed. |
| 4 August 1894 | Writ of election issued by the Governor. |
| 9 August 1894 | Day of nomination |
| 11 August 1894 | Polling day |
| 24 August 1894 | Return of writ |

## Result

1894 Bathurst by-election
Saturday 11 August
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Free Trade | Sydney Smith **(re-elected)** | 951 | 77.4 | +27.7 |
|  | Independent Labour | James Walker | 277 | 22.6 | +10.6 |
| Total formal votes | | | 1,228 | 99.1 | +0.1 |
| Informal votes | | | 11 | 0.9 | −0.1 |
| Turnout | | | 1,239 | 51.5 | −32.7 |
|  | Free Trade **hold** | |  | | |

1. Green, Antony. "1894 Bathurst by-election". *New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007*. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
2. "The Hon. Sydney Smith (1856–1934)". *Former members of the Parliament of New South Wales*. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
3. Green, Antony. "1894 to 1895 by-elections". *New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007*. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
4. "Appointment of ministers". *New South Wales Government Gazette*. No. 506. 3 August 1894. p. 4891. Retrieved 25 September 2020  via Trove.
5. "Writ of election: Bathurst". *New South Wales Government Gazette*. No. 507. 4 August 1894. p. 4895. Retrieved 20 April 2021  via Trove.
6. Green, Antony. "1894 Bathurst". *New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007*. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 22 November 2019.


title: Ellington, Wisconsin

abstract: Ellington is a town in Outagamie County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 3,174 at the 2020 census. The unincorporated community of Stephensville is located in the town.

text:
# Ellington, Wisconsin

**Ellington** is a town in Outagamie County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 3,174 at the 2020 census. The unincorporated community of Stephensville is located in the town.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 35.0 square miles (90.7 km2), of which, 34.9 square miles (90.3 km2) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.4 km2) of it (0.46%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,535 people, 847 households, and 704 families residing in the town. The population density was 72.7 people per square mile (28.1/km2). There were 870 housing units at an average density of 25.0 per square mile (9.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98.46% White, 0.08% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.67% Asian, 0.20% from other races, and 0.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.55% of the population.

There were 847 households, out of which 42.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.8% were married couples living together, 3.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.8% were non-families. 13.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.99 and the average family size was 3.32.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 31.2% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 31.9% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 7.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $53,750, and the median income for a family was $56,152. Males had a median income of $39,784 versus $26,538 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,698. About 1.8% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.6% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

## Notable people

1. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
2. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
3. *COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD OF THE FOX RIVER VALLEY COUNTIES OF BROWN, OUTAGAMIE AND WINNEBAGO*. Chicago: J. H. Beers & Co. 1895. pp. 610–611.
4. 'Wisconsin Blue book 1915, Biographical Sketch of Charles F. Ploeger, pg. 528
5. 'Wisconsin Blue Book 1921,' Biographical Sketch of Burt W. Rynders, pg. 274

## InfoBox

| Ellington, Wisconsin | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Ellington Community Center | |
| Location of Ellington, Wisconsin | |
| Coordinates: 44°21′59″N 88°33′29″W / 44.36639°N 88.55806°W / 44.36639; -88.55806 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Wisconsin |
| County | Outagamie |
| Area | |
| Total | 35.0 sq mi (90.7 km2) |
| Land | 34.9 sq mi (90.3 km2) |
| Water | 0.2 sq mi (0.4 km2) |
| Elevation | 768 ft (234 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 3,174 |
| Density | 72.7/sq mi (28.1/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| FIPS code | 55-23425 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1583154 |
| Website | http://townofellington.org/default.aspx |


title: Aruba–Curaçao–Bonaire cactus scrub

abstract: The Aruba-Curaçao-Bonaire cactus scrub ecoregion covers the dry land on the semi-arid islands of Aruba, Curaçao, and Bonaire in the southern Caribbean Sea, about 80 km from the mainland of Venezuela. In low-lying coastal areas the islands also support mangrove wetlands. The landscape features a range of cactus species and acacia trees.

text:
# Aruba–Curaçao–Bonaire cactus scrub

The **Aruba-Curaçao-Bonaire cactus scrub** ecoregion (WWF ID: NT1302) covers the dry land on the semi-arid islands of Aruba, Curaçao, and Bonaire in the southern Caribbean Sea, about 80 km from the mainland of Venezuela. In low-lying coastal areas the islands also support mangrove wetlands. The landscape features a range of cactus species and acacia trees.

## Location and description

The three islands are on the coastal shelf of South America, with bedrock of limestone and quartz diorite. Aruba has an area of 179 km2, with the highest population density. Curaçao, the middle island, has its highest point at Mt Christoffel of 372 metres (1,220 ft). Bonaire, the farthest island to the east, features a ringing coral reef and numerous inlets, lagoons, and mangrove forests. Some parts of the islands transition into the Guajira–Barranquilla xeric scrub ecoregion.

## Climate

The climate of the ecoregion is *Hot semi-arid* (Köppen climate classification (BSh)). This climate is characteristic of steppes, and in these islands supports a relatively even warm temperature of near 26.7 degrees C year-round. The trade winds from the Atlantic are a notable feature of the climate. Precipitation averages 350-550 mm/year, with a wet season from October to December.

## Flora and fauna

Most of the terrain is sparsely vegetated with cactus scrub. Common species of cactus are dagger cactus (*Stenocereus griseus*), Peruvian apple cactus (*Cereus repandus*), *Pilosocereus lanuginosus* (which is endemic to this ecoregion), melon cactus (*Melocactus*), and prickly pear (*Opuntia*). The columnar cactus can reach heights of 6 meters. *Aloe vera* is an important commercial plant. The national tree of Curaçao is the distinctive divi divi tree (*Libidibia coriaria*), which is often contorted by the trade winds on the coast. Interspersed with the cactus are scrub or small trees such as twisted acacia (*Vachellia tortuosa*).

## Protected areas

Officially protected areas on the islands include:

## InfoBox

| Aruba-Curaçao-Bonaire cactus scrub | |
| --- | --- |
| Hooiberg Mountain on Aruba | |
| Ecoregion territory (islands in inset boxes) | |
| Ecology | |
| Realm | Neotropic |
| Biome | Deserts and xeric shrublands |
| Geography | |
| Area | 518 km2 (200 sq mi) |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Coordinates | 12°08′13″N 68°53′35″W / 12.137°N 68.893°W / 12.137; -68.893 |


title: 1989 Major League Baseball draft

abstract: The 1989 Major League Baseball draft took place in June 1989. The draft saw the Baltimore Orioles select Ben McDonald first overall.

text:
# 1989 Major League Baseball draft

The **1989 Major League Baseball draft** took place in June 1989. The draft saw the Baltimore Orioles select Ben McDonald first overall.

## First-round selections

The following are the first round picks in the 1989 Major League Baseball draft on June 5.

|  | = All-Star |  |  | = Baseball Hall of Famer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| Pick | Player | Team | Position | School |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ben McDonald | Baltimore Orioles | RHP | LSU |
| 2 | Tyler Houston | Atlanta Braves | C | Valley High School (NV) |
| 3 | Roger Salkeld | Seattle Mariners | RHP | Saugus High School (CA) |
| 4 | Jeff Jackson | Philadelphia Phillies | OF | Simeon High School (IL) |
| 5 | Donald Harris | Texas Rangers | OF | Texas Tech |
| 6 | Paul Coleman | St. Louis Cardinals | OF | Frankston High School (TX) |
| 7 | Frank Thomas | Chicago White Sox | 1B | Auburn |
| 8 | Earl Cunningham | Chicago Cubs | OF | Lancaster High School (SC) |
| 9 | Kyle Abbott | California Angels | LHP | Long Beach State |
| 10 | Charles Johnson | Montreal Expos | C | Westwood High School (FL) |
| 11 | Calvin Murray | Cleveland Indians | 3B | W.T. White High School (TX) |
| 12 | Jeff Juden | Houston Astros | RHP | Salem High School (MA) |
| 13 | Brent Mayne | Kansas City Royals | C | Cal State Fullerton |
| 14 | Steve Hosey | San Francisco Giants | OF | Fresno State |
| 15 | Kiki Jones | Los Angeles Dodgers | RHP | Hillsborough High School (FL) |
| 16 | Greg Blosser | Boston Red Sox | OF | Sarasota High School (FL) |
| 17 | Cal Eldred | Milwaukee Brewers | RHP | Iowa |
| 18 | Willie Greene | Pittsburgh Pirates | SS | Jones County High School (GA) |
| 19 | Eddie Zosky | Toronto Blue Jays | SS | Fresno State |
| 20 | Scott Bryant | Cincinnati Reds | OF | Texas |
| 21 | Greg Gohr | Detroit Tigers | RHP | Santa Clara |
| 22 | Tom Goodwin | Los Angeles Dodgers | OF | Fresno State |
| 23 | Mo Vaughn | Boston Red Sox | 1B | Seton Hall |
| 24 | Alan Zinter | New York Mets | C | Arizona |
| 25 | Chuck Knoblauch | Minnesota Twins | 2B | Texas A&M |
| 26 | Scott Burrell | Seattle Mariners | RHP | Hamden High School (CT) |

## Supplemental first round selections

| Pick | Player | Team | Position | School |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 27 | Todd Jones | Houston Astros | RHP | Jacksonville State |
| 28 | Jamie McAndrew | Los Angeles Dodgers | RHP | Florida |
| 29 | Kevin Morton | Boston Red Sox | LHP | Seton Hall |
| 30 | Gordon Powell | Milwaukee Brewers | 3B | Hughes HS (Cincinnati) |
|

## Other notable players

† All-Star
‡ Hall of Famer

### NBA/NFL players drafted

## InfoBox

| 1989 Major League Baseball draft | |
| --- | --- |
| General information | |
| Date(s) | June 5-x, 1989 |
| Overview | |
| **1490** total selections | |
| First selection | Ben McDonald<br>Baltimore Orioles |
| First round selections | 30 |
| Hall of Famers | 4 |
|  | |


# 1975 Northern Mariana Islands status referendum

A referendum on becoming a US commonwealth was held in the Northern Mariana Islands on 17 June 1975. The proposal was approved by 79% of voters. As a result, the United States Congress approved the change of status on 24 March 1976.

## Background

Four previous referendums on either integration with Guam or the islands' status had been held in 1958, 1961, 1963 and 1969. On each occasion a majority of Northern Mariana Islands voters had been in favor of integration with Guam, but Guamanian voters rejected integration in a 1969 referendum.

On 20 February 1975 the Northern Marianas' District Legislature put forward proposals to become a US commonwealth. A threshold of 55% in favor was set in order for the referendum to pass.

## Results

| Choice | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| For | 3,945 | 78.82 |
| Against | 1,060 | 21.18 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 4 |  |
| **Total** | **5,009** | **100** |
| Registered voters/turnout | 5,379 | 93.12 |
| Source: Direct Democracy | | |


title: 1918 Faroese general election

text:
# 1918 Faroese general election

General elections were held in the Faroe Islands on 24 April 1918, the first in which women had the right to vote. Although the Union Party narrowly received the most votes, the result was a victory for the Self-Government Party, which won 11 of the 20 seats in the Løgting.

## Results

|  | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
|  | Union Party | 2,969 | 50.26 | 9 | –1 |
|  | Self-Government Party | 2,938 | 49.74 | 11 | +2 |
| Total | | 5,907 | 100.00 | 20 | 0 |
|  | | | | | |
| Source: Løgting | | | | | |

## InfoBox

1918 Faroese general election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Party Leader Vote % Seats +/–  Union Oliver Effersøe 50.26 9 −1  Self-Government Jóannes Patursson 49.74 11 +2   This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. | |


title: Avraham Brandwein

abstract: Rabbi Avraham Brandwein, Admor of Stretin, was an Israeli Kabbalah scholar.

text:
# Avraham Brandwein

Rabbi **Avraham Brandwein** (died February 20, 2013), *Admor* of Stretin, was an Israeli Kabbalah scholar.

## Family and early life

Brandwein's family includes many chassidic masters, including the Maggid of Mezritsch, Elimelech of Lizhensk and Levy Yitschak of Berditshev, and he was directly descended from the first *Admor* of Stretin. Brandwein was born in Israel, the seventh generation in his family to live there. His family originally settled in Tsfat, the city of Kabbalists.

His father, Rav Yehudah Tzvi, was the previous *Admor* and a scholar of Kabbalah.

Brandwein served in the Israel Defense Forces in artillery and was among the soldiers that crossed the Suez Canal into Egypt during the Yom Kippur war.

## Ordination

Brandwein was ordained as a Rabbi by *Gedolim* representing the entire Orthodox community in Israel, and also holds an M.A. He integrated Charedi life with active participation in the life of the modern state. Brandwein served as a rabbi in the Absorption and Immigration Department of the Jewish Agency, providing spiritual assistance to recent immigrants.

## Teaching and writing

From 1985, Brandwein taught Torah and Chassidut throughout Israel. He edited more than 20 volumes of classical Kabbalistic texts. He established a *yeshiva* in the Jewish Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem where he taught Kabbalah. He wrote the book "The Essence of Religion and its Purpose" Commentary by "Or Hadash" Hebrew for New Light (Book Title in Hebrew "Mehut HaDat UMatrata") based on Rav Ashlag's article of the same name.

## Death

Brandwein died on February 20, 2013 (Hebrew Date Lunar Calendar is 10th of Adar), aged 67, in the Hadassah Medical Center in Ein Kerem in Jerusalem, after several months' illness. He was buried in the Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery, next to his wife, Tzipora, who had died four years earlier.


title: Alvariella

abstract: Alvariella is a monotypic genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Orculidae. The sole species in the genus is Alvariella multiplicata Hausdorf 1996.

text:
# Alvariella

**Alvariella** is a monotypic genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the family Orculidae. The sole species in the genus is ***Alvariella multiplicata*** Hausdorf 1996.

## InfoBox

| *Alvariella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Orculidae |
| Genus: | *Alvariella*
Hausdorf, 1996 |
| Species: | ***A. multiplicata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Alvariella multiplicata***
Hausdorf, 1996 | |
|