title: Alsager Town F.C.

abstract: Alsager Town Football Club is a football club, based in Alsager, Cheshire, England. The club are currently members of North West Counties League Division One South and play at Wood Park Stadium. Affiliated to the Cheshire County Football Association, they also operate a reserve team in the Staffordshire County Senior League and a youth team in the North West Youth Alliance.

text:
# Alsager Town F.C.

**Alsager Town Football Club** is a football club, based in Alsager, Cheshire, England. The club are currently members of North West Counties League Division One South and play at Wood Park Stadium. Affiliated to the Cheshire County Football Association, they also operate a reserve team in the Staffordshire County Senior League and a youth team in the North West Youth Alliance.

## History

Established in 1968, the club joined the Mid-Cheshire League in the 1971–72 season. In 1973 they were renamed **Alsager Town**, a name they retained until 1985 when they became **Alsager United**. In 1988 the club reverted to its original name. They finished as runners-up in the Mid-Cheshire League in 1987–88, but left the league at the end of the season as they disbanded.

The club reformed in 1989 and joined the Premier Division of the Crewe League. Two years later they moved up to the Mid-Cheshire League in 1991 and were placed in Division Two. After playing in the league for seven seasons, they switched to the Midland Football League in 1998. They finished as runners-up in their first season, earning promotion to Division Two of the North West Counties League. In 2001 the club were renamed for a fifth time, becoming **Alsager Town** again. They finished second in Division Two in North West Counties League, earning promotion to Division One. They won the Leek Cup in the same season.

The 2005–06 season saw Alsager finish third in Division One, resulting in promotion to Division One of the Northern Premier League (NPL). At the end of their first season in the NPL the league added an extra division, resulting in Alsager Town being placed in Division One South. Although they finished fourteenth in the eighteen-club division in 2007–08, the club were relegated back into the renamed Premier Division of the North West Counties League after failing ground grading criteria.

Alsager remained in the Premier Division until the end of the 2015–16 season when they were relegated to Division One. When the division was split in 2018, they were placed in Division One South

### League history

| Season | Division | Position | FA Cup | FA Trophy | FA Vase | Significant events |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1968–69 | Crewe League |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1969–70 | Crewe League |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1970–71 | Crewe League |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1971–72 | Mid-Cheshire League | 12/18 |  |  |  |  |
| 1972–73 | Mid-Cheshire League | 12/18 |  |  |  | Renamed Alsager Town. |
| 1973–74 | Mid-Cheshire League | 12/19 |  |  |  |  |
| 1974–75 | Mid-Cheshire League | 10/20 |  |  |  | League expanded, placed in Division One |
| 1975–76 | Mid-Cheshire League Division One | 16/17 |  |  |  |  |
| 1976–77 | Mid-Cheshire League Division One | 10/16 |  |  |  |  |
| 1977–78 | Mid-Cheshire League Division One | 4/16 |  |  |  |  |
| 1978–79 | Mid-Cheshire League Division One | 3/16 |  |  |  |  |
| 1979–80 | Mid-Cheshire League Division One | 9/16 |  |  |  |  |
| 1980–81 | Mid-Cheshire League Division One | 6/16 |  |  |  |  |
| 1981–82 | Mid-Cheshire League Division One | 15/16 |  |  |  |  |
| 1982–83 | Mid-Cheshire League Division One | 13/15 |  |  |  | Divisions abolished |
| 1983–84 | Mid-Cheshire League | 3/18 |  |  |  |  |
| 1984–85 | Mid-Cheshire League | 7/17 |  |  |  |  |
| 1985–86 | Mid-Cheshire League | 6/18 |  |  |  | Renamed Alsager United |
| 1986–87 | Mid-Cheshire League | 5/17 |  |  |  | League expanded, placed in Division One |
| 1987–88 | Mid-Cheshire League Division One | 2/16 |  |  |  | Renamed Alsager |
| 1988–89 | Did not compete | | | | | |
| 1989–90 | Crewe League Premier Division |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1990–91 | Crewe League Premier Division |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1991–92 | Mid-Cheshire League Division Two | 5/17 |  |  |  |  |
| 1992–93 | Mid-Cheshire League Division Two | 9/18 |  |  |  |  |
| 1993–94 | Mid-Cheshire League Division Two | 15/17 |  |  |  |  |
| 1994–95 | Mid-Cheshire League Division Two | 8/18 |  |  |  |  |
| 1995–96 | Mid-Cheshire League Division Two | 3/16 |  |  |  |  |
| 1996–97 | Mid-Cheshire League Division Two | 5/16 |  |  |  |  |
| 1997–98 | Mid-Cheshire League Division Two | 8/15 |  |  |  |  |
| 1998–99 | Midland League | 2/20 |  |  |  | Promoted |
| 1999–00 | North West Counties League Division Two | 12/18 |  |  |  |  |
| 2000–01 | North West Counties League Division Two | 7/20 |  |  |  | Renamed Alsager Town |
| 2001–02 | North West Counties League Division Two | 2/21 |  |  |  | Promoted |
| 2002–03 | North West Counties League Division One | 11/22 |  |  | Q2 |  |
| 2003–04 | North West Counties League Division One | 9/22 | P |  | R2 |  |
| 2004–05 | North West Counties League Division One | 7/22 | Q1 |  | Q2 |  |
| 2005–06 | North West Counties League Division One | 3/22 | EP |  | Q2 | Promoted |
| 2006–07 | Northern Premier League Division One | 14/24 | Q1 | Q2 |  | League expanded, placed in Division One South |
| 2007–08 | Northern Premier League Division One South | 14/18 | P | P |  | Relegated |
| 2008–09 | North West Counties League Premier Division | 7/22 | EP |  | R2 |  |
| 2009–10 | North West Counties League Premier Division | 18/22 | EP |  | R2 |  |
| 2010–11 | North West Counties League Premier Division | 20/22 | EP |  | Q2 |  |
| 2011–12 | North West Counties League Premier Division | 13/22 | EP |  | Q1 |  |
| 2012–13 | North West Counties League Premier Division | 15/22 | EP |  | Q2 |  |
| 2013–14 | North West Counties League Premier Division | 18/22 | EP |  | Q2 |  |
| 2014–15 | North West Counties League Premier Division | 17/21 | EP |  | Q1 |  |
| 2015–16 | North West Counties League Premier Division | 20/22 | Q1 |  | R3 | Relegated |
| 2016–17 | North West Counties League Division One | 7/22 | P |  | Q2 |  |
| 2017–18 | North West Counties League Division One | 8/22 | EP |  | R2 |  |
| 2018–19 | North West Counties League Division One South | 17/20 |  |  | Q1 |  |
| 2019–20 | North West Counties League Division One South |  |  |  | R1 | Season abandoned due to COVID-19 pandemic |
| 2020–21 | North West Counties League Division One South |  |  |  | Q1 | Season abandoned due to COVID-19 pandemic |
| Source: Football Club History Database | | | | | | |

## Ground

Alsager have played at Wood Park Stadium, originally known as the Town Ground, since 1968. The clubhouse suffered considerable damage by fire in July 2011, resulting in them largely playing away from home until November that year. The stadium currently has a capacity of 3,000, of which 250 is seated and 1,000 covered.

## Honours

* **Leek Cup**
    + Winners 2001–02

## Records

53°06′07″N 2°18′00″W / 53.10194°N 2.30000°W / 53.10194; -2.30000

## InfoBox

Alsager Town
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Alsager Town Football Club |
| Nickname(s) | The Bullets |
| Founded | 1968 |
| Ground | Wood Park Stadium, Alsager |
| Capacity | 3,500 (250 seated) |
| Chairman | Terry Greer |
| Manager | Dean Jones & Dom Johnson (joint) |
| League | North West Counties League Division One South |
| 2023–24 | North West Counties League Division One South, 12th of 18 |
| Website | Club website |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Earth–ionosphere waveguide

abstract:
The Earth–ionosphere waveguide is the phenomenon in which certain radio waves can propagate in the space between the ground and the boundary of the ionosphere.
Because the ionosphere contains charged particles, it can behave as a conductor. The earth operates as a ground plane, and the resulting cavity behaves as a large waveguide. Extremely low frequency (ELF) and very low frequency (VLF) (3–30 kHz) signals can propagate efficiently in this waveguide. For instance, lightning strikes launch a signal called radio atmospherics, which can travel many thousands of kilometers, because they are confined between the Earth and the ionosphere.
The round-the-world nature of the waveguide produces resonances, like a cavity, which are at ~7 Hz.

text:
# Earth–ionosphere waveguide

The **Earth–ionosphere waveguide** is the phenomenon in which certain radio waves can propagate in the space between the ground and the boundary of the ionosphere. Because the ionosphere contains charged particles, it can behave as a conductor. The earth operates as a ground plane, and the resulting cavity behaves as a large waveguide.

Extremely low frequency (ELF) (\< 3 kHz) and very low frequency (VLF) (3–30 kHz) signals can propagate efficiently in this waveguide. For instance, lightning strikes launch a signal called radio atmospherics, which can travel many thousands of kilometers, because they are confined between the Earth and the ionosphere. The round-the-world nature of the waveguide produces resonances, like a cavity, which are at ~7 Hz.

## Introduction

| Earth–ionosphere waveguide |
| --- |
| --- |
| --- |
| --- |
| --- |

Radio propagation within the ionosphere depends on frequency, angle of incidence, time of day, season, Earth's magnetic field, and solar activity. At vertical incidence, waves with frequencies larger than the electron plasma frequency ( $f\_{e}$ in Hz) of the F-layer maximum

( $N\_{e}$ in $m^{-3}$ is the electron density) can propagate through the ionosphere nearly undisturbed. Waves with frequencies smaller than $f\_{e}$ are reflected within the ionospheric D-, E-, and F-layers. $f\_{e}$ is of the order of 8–15 MHz during day time conditions. For oblique incidence, the critical frequency becomes larger.

Very low frequencies (VLF: 3–30 kHz), and extremely low frequencies (ELF: \<3  kHz) are reflected at the ionospheric D- and lower E-layer. An exception is whistler propagation of lightning signals along the geomagnetic field lines.

The wavelengths of VLF waves (10–100 km) are already comparable with the height of the ionospheric D-layer (about 70 km during the day, and 90  km during the night). Therefore, ray theory is only applicable for propagation over short distances, while mode theory must be used for larger distances. The region between Earth's surface and the ionospheric D-layer behaves thus like a waveguide for VLF- and ELF-waves.

In the presence of the ionospheric plasma and the geomagnetic field, electromagnetic waves exist for frequencies which are larger than the gyrofrequency of the ions (about 1 Hz). Waves with frequencies smaller than the gyrofrequency are called hydromagnetic waves. The geomagnetic pulsations with periods of seconds to minutes as well as Alfvén waves belong to that type of waves.

## Transfer function

The prototype of a short vertical rod antenna is a vertical electric Hertz dipole in which electric alternating currents of frequency f flow. Its radiation of electromagnetic waves within the Earth-ionospheric waveguide can be described by a transfer function T(ρ,ω):

where Ez is the vertical component of the electric field at the receiver in a distance ρ from the transmitter, Eo is the electric field of a Hertzian dipole in free space, and $\omega =2\pi f$ the angular frequency. In free space, it is $T=1$. Evidently, the Earth–ionosphere waveguide is dispersive because the transfer function depends on frequency. This means that phase- and group velocity of the waves are frequency dependent.

## Ray theory

In the VLF range, the transfer function is the sum of a ground wave which arrives directly at the receiver and multihop sky waves reflected at the ionospheric D-layer (Figure 1).

For the real Earth's surface, the ground wave becomes dissipated and depends on the orography along the ray path. For VLF waves at shorter distances, this effect is, however, of minor importance, and the reflection factor of the Earth is $R\_{e}=1$, in a first approximation.

At shorter distances, only the first hop sky wave is of importance. The D-layer can be simulated by a magnetic wall ( $R\_{i}=-1$) with a fixed boundary at a virtual height h, which means a phase jump of 180° at the reflection point. In reality, the electron density of the D-layer increases with altitude, and the wave is bounded as shown in Figure 2.

The sum of ground wave and first hop wave displays an interference pattern with interference minima if the difference between the ray paths of ground and first sky wave is half a wavelength (or a phase difference of 180°). The last interference minimum on the ground (z = 0) between the ground wave and the first sky wave is at a horizontal distance of

with c the velocity of light. In the example of Figure 3, this is at about 500 km distance.

## Wave mode theory

The theory of ray propagation of VLF waves breaks down at larger distances because in the sum of these waves successive multihop sky waves are involved, and the sum diverges. In addition, it becomes necessary to take into account the spherical Earth. Mode theory which is the sum of eigen-modes in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide is valid in this range of distances. The wave modes have fixed vertical structures of their vertical electric field components with maximum amplitudes at the bottom and zero amplitudes at the top of the waveguide. In the case of the fundamental first mode, it is a quarter wavelength. With decreasing frequency, the eigenvalue becomes imaginary at the cutoff frequency, where the mode changes to an evanescent wave. For the first mode, this happens at

below which that mode will not propagate (Figure 4).

The attenuation of the modes increases with wavenumber n. Therefore, essentially only the first two modes are involved in the wave propagation The first interference minimum between these two modes is at the same distance as that of the last interference minimum of ray theory (**Eq. 3**) indicating the equivalence of both theories As seen in Figure 3, the spacing between the mode interference minima is constant and about 1000 km in this example. The first mode becomes dominant at distances greater than about 1500 km, because the second mode is more strongly attenuated than the first mode.

In the range of ELF waves, only mode theory is appropriate. The fundamental mode is the zeroth mode (Figure 4). The D-layer becomes here an electric wall (Ri = 1). Its vertical structure is simply a vertical electric field constant with altitude.

In particular, a resonance zeroth mode exists for waves which are an integral part of the Earth's circumference and has the frequency

with the Earth's radius. The first resonance peaks are at 7.5, 15, and 22,5 Hz. These are the Schumann resonances. The spectral signals from lightning are amplified at those frequencies.

## Waveguide characteristics

The above discussion merely illustrates a simple picture of mode and ray theory. More detailed treatments require a large computer program. In particular, it is difficult to solve the problem of the horizontal and vertical inhomogeneities of the waveguide. The effect of the Earth's curvature is, that near the antipode the field strength slightly increases. Due to the influence of the Earth' magnetic field, the medium becomes anisotropic so that the ionospheric reflection factor in reality is a matrix. This means that a vertically polarized incident wave after reflection at the ionospheric D-layer converses to a vertically and a horizontally polarized wave. Moreover, the geomagnetic field gives rise to a nonreciprocity of VLF waves. Waves propagating from east to west are more strongly attenuated than vice versa. There appears a phase slipping near the distance of the deep interference minimum of **Eq. 3**. During the times of sunrise and/or sunset, there is sometimes a phase gain or loss of 360° because of the irreversible behavior of the first sky wave.

The dispersion characteristics of the Earth-ionospheric waveguide can be used for locating thunderstorm activity by measurements of the difference of the group time delay of lightning signals (sferics) at adjacent frequencies up to distances of 10000 km. The Schumann resonances allow to determine the global lightning activity.

## References and notes

*Notes*

*Citations*

1. Spies, Kenneth P. and James R. Wait, *Mode calculations for VLF propagation in the earth-ionosphere waveguide* (July 1961). U.S. National Bureau of Standards. QC100 .U5753 no.114 1961.
2. Davies, K., "Ionospheric Radio", Peregrinus Ltd, London, 1990
3. Rawer, K., "Wave Propagation in the Ionosphere", Kluwer Publ., Dordrecht, 1993
4. Robert A. Helliwell (2006). *Whistlers and Related Ionospheric Phenomena*. Dover Publications, Inc. ISBN 978-0-486-44572-4. Originally published by Stanford University Press, Stanford, California (1965).
5. Wait, J.R., Electromagnetic Waves in Stratified Media, McMillan, New York, 1979
6. Budden, K.G., "The Propagation of Radiowaves", Cambridge, University Press, Cambridge, 1985
7. Volland, H., "Atmospheric Electrodynamics", Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1984
8. Nickolaenko A. P.; M. Hayakawa (2002). *Resonances in the Earth–ionosphere cavity*. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht-Boston-London.
9. Heckman S. J.; E. Williams (1998). "Total global lightning inferred from Schumann resonance measurements". *J. Geophys. Res*. 103(D24) (D24): 31775–31779. Bibcode:1998JGR...10331775H. doi:10.1029/98JD02648.


title: Easaval

abstract: Easaval is one of the smallest hills on the island of South Uist in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland, with a height of 243 metres (797 ft). It is a small rounded hill located south of Lochboisdale near Pollachar in the southernmost part of South Uist, overlooking the Sound of Barra. There are good views from the top, including distant views of St Kilda on the northwestern horizon, almost 60 miles away. On a clear day one can also see Beinn Mhòr, the highest hill in South Uist, Skye, Rùm, Canna, Eigg and Muck. To the south there are views of Barra, Coll and Tiree, the Isle of Mull, and landmarks on the mainland such as the lighthouse on Ardnamurchan, all the great mainland hills between Glenelg and Ardnamurchan, and the peaks of Beinn Talaidh, Beinn Bhearnach and Dun da Ghaoith.

text:
# Easaval

**Easaval** (Scottish Gaelic: **Easabhal**) is one of the smallest hills on the island of South Uist in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland, with a height of 243 metres (797 ft). It is a small rounded hill located south of Lochboisdale near Pollachar in the southernmost part of South Uist, overlooking the Sound of Barra.

There are good views from the top, including distant views of St Kilda on the northwestern horizon, almost 60 miles (100 kilometres) away. On a clear day one can also see Beinn Mhòr, the highest hill in South Uist, Skye, Rùm, Canna, Eigg and Muck. To the south there are views of Barra, Coll and Tiree, the Isle of Mull, and landmarks on the mainland such as the lighthouse on Ardnamurchan, all the great mainland hills between Glenelg and Ardnamurchan, and the peaks of Beinn Talaidh, Beinn Bhearnach and Dun da Ghaoith.

## InfoBox

| Easaval | |
| --- | --- |
| Farm land behind the Pollachar Inn, looking towards Easabhal | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 243 m (797 ft) |
| Prominence | 239 m (784 ft) |
| Listing | Marilyn |
| Coordinates | 57°07′10″N 7°19′56″W / 57.1195°N 7.3322°W / 57.1195; -7.3322 |
| Naming | |
| Language of name | Gaelic |
| Geography | |
| EasavalSouth Uist, Outer Hebrides, Scotland | |
| OS grid | NF774158 |


title: 1561 in poetry

abstract: Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature.

text:
# 1561 in poetry

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or French).

## Events

## Works published

### England

### Other

* Jan Blahoslav, author and editor, *Šamotulský kancionál* ("Šamotulský hymn-book"), a "cantionale" or hymn-book; a Czech poet published in Polish (see also *Ivančice* hymn-book 1564, a revised edition)
* Julius Caesar Scaliger, *Poetices libri septem* ("Seven Books of Poetics"), Italian critic published in Lyon, France, very influential, but derivative criticism

## Births

Death years link to the corresponding "\[year\] in poetry" article:

## Deaths

Birth years link to the corresponding "\[year\] in poetry" article:

## InfoBox

| List of years in poetry (table) |
| --- |
|  |
| In literature 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 |
| *+...* |


title: East Africa Cup

abstract: The East Africa Cup (EAC) is one of two domestic cricket competitions launched by Cricket Kenya in the aftermath of the Kenya national cricket team's disastrous showing at the 2011 Cricket World Cup. It is a 50 over competition that features 6 franchises, 4 from Kenya and 2 from Uganda, that compete against each other home and away in a league before the two teams that come top in the league square off in a final. Its main objective is to improve the standard of the cricket played in Kenya, and spark a revival on the international stage once again.

text:
# East Africa Cup

The **East Africa Cup** (EAC) is one of two domestic cricket competitions launched by Cricket Kenya in the aftermath of the Kenya national cricket team's disastrous showing at the 2011 Cricket World Cup. It is a 50 over competition that features 6 franchises, 4 from Kenya and 2 from Uganda, that compete against each other home and away in a league before the two teams that come top in the league square off in a final. Its main objective is to improve the standard of the cricket played in Kenya, and spark a revival on the international stage once again.

## Tournament history

The tournament was started in the wake of Kenya's disastrous 2011 Cricket World Cup campaign. Its main aim is to develop the standard of cricket both in Kenya and Uganda. This idea was first believed to be mooted by Cricket Kenya CEO Tom Sears.

### 2011-12 season

This was the first running of the East Africa Cup and despite, some dominating performances in the group stage, Rwenzori Warriors, of Uganda came unstuck in the final versus Kongonis

### 2012 season

This edition saw Coast Pekee totally reverse their fortunes from the previous tournament and emerge winners against Ruwenzori Warriors in the final.

### 2013 season

This was launched on the 7th of August 2013 and ran from the second week of August until the second week of September. The tournament was won by Rwenzori Warriors.

## Franchises

4 Teams from Kenya plus two teams from Uganda has been taking part in the tournament. They are as follows:-

| Team Name | Province | Sponsors | Captain | Head Coach |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Rising Stars Chuis | Nairobi Province Cricket Association | Rising Star Commodities | Collins Obuya | Sibtain Kassamali |
| Express Ndovu | Nairobi Province Cricket Association | Express Kenya | Rakep Patel | Peter Ongondo |
| Sameer Simbas | Nairobi Province Cricket Association | Sameer Group | Morris Ouma | Martin Suji |
| I & M Nyatis | Nairobi Province Cricket Association | I & M Bank | Tanmay Mishra | Lameck Onyango |
| Rwenzori Warriors | Uganda |  | Lawrence Sematimba |  |
| Nile Knights | Uganda |  | Davis Arinaitwe | Martin Suji |

## Broadcasting rights

Initially, SuperSport became the broadcast partner for Cricket Kenya, and was broadcast the inaugural East African competitions which was a big boost for the tournament. Following the success of the inaugural tournaments, SuperSport extended their deal with the board to another two years to broadcast the tournament till 2013.

## Results

| Season | Winners | Runners-up | Teams |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011-12 | Kongonis | Nile Knights | 6 |
| 2012 | Coast Pekee | Rwenzori Warriors | 6 |

## InfoBox

East Africa Cup
| Countries | Kenya, Uganda |
| --- | --- |
| Administrator | Cricket Kenya |
| Headquarters | Nairobi, Kenya |
| Format | 50–over |
| First edition | 2011-12 |
| Latest edition | 2013 |
| Next edition | 2014 |
| Tournament format | Double round-robin and Knockout |
| Number of teams | 6 |
| Current champion | Rwenzori Warriors (1st title) |
| Most successful | Kongonis
Coast Pekee
Rwenzori Warriors (1 title) |
| Most runs | Rakep Patel (346) |
| Most wickets | Mitesh Sanghani (19) |


title: 1792 English cricket season

abstract: The 1792 English cricket season was the 21st in which matches have been awarded retrospective first-class cricket status and the sixth after the foundation of the Marylebone Cricket Club. The season saw 19 top-class matches played in the country. Elsewhere, the earliest known cricket club in India was formed at Calcutta.

text:
# 1792 English cricket season

The **1792 English cricket season** was the 21st in which matches have been awarded retrospective first-class cricket status and the sixth after the foundation of the Marylebone Cricket Club. The season saw 19 top-class matches played in the country.

Elsewhere, the earliest known cricket club in India was formed at Calcutta.

## Matches

A total of 19 top-class matches were played during the season. These included matches played by teams from Berkshire, Essex, Hampshire, Kent, Middlesex and Surrey. Club sides at Hornchurch in Essex and Brighton in Sussex also played at the top-level and MCC played eight first-class matches.

A number of matches below top-level were played, including one between Nottingham and a Leicestershire and Rutland side. A match in Sheffield may be the first in which a player is known to have been given out obstructing the field.

## First mentions

First-class matches were first played at Dartford Brent and Cobham Park in Kent and at Old Field, Bray in Berkshire. A military match is known to have been played at Dublin, the first cricket known to have been played in Ireland.

Players who made their first-class cricket debuts in 1792 include:

## Further reading

* Altham, H. S. (1962). *A History of Cricket, Volume 1 (to 1914)*. George Allen & Unwin.
* Birley, Derek (1999). *A Social History of English Cricket*. Aurum.
* Bowen, Rowland (1970). *Cricket: A History of its Growth and Development*. Eyre & Spottiswoode.
* Major, John (2007). *More Than A Game*. HarperCollins.

## InfoBox

1792 English cricket season
|
|  |


title: Eager learning

abstract:
In artificial intelligence, eager learning is a learning method in which the system tries to construct a general, input-independent target function during training of the system, as opposed to lazy learning, where generalization beyond the training data is delayed until a query is made to the system.
The main advantage gained in employing an eager learning method, such as an artificial neural network, is that the target function will be approximated globally during training, thus requiring much less space than using a lazy learning system. Eager learning systems also deal much better with noise in the training data. Eager learning is an example of offline learning, in which post-training queries to the system have no effect on the system itself, and thus the same query to the system will always produce the same result. The main disadvantage with eager learning is that it is generally unable to provide good local approximations in the target function.

text:
# Eager learning

In artificial intelligence, **eager learning** is a learning method in which the system tries to construct a general, input-independent target function during training of the system, as opposed to lazy learning, where generalization beyond the training data is delayed until a query is made to the system. The main advantage gained in employing an eager learning method, such as an artificial neural network, is that the target function will be approximated globally during training, thus requiring much less space than using a lazy learning system. Eager learning systems also deal much better with noise in the training data. Eager learning is an example of offline learning, in which post-training queries to the system have no effect on the system itself, and thus the same query to the system will always produce the same result.

The main disadvantage with eager learning is that it is generally unable to provide good local approximations in the target function.

| **Eager Learning** | **Lazy Learning** |
| --- | --- |
| Model is created as soon as possible | Model creation is waited until the last point possible |
| Processing power consumed sooner | Processing power consumed later |
| Model is ready for query at once | Waits to create a model until the query |
|


title: East Aurora High School (New York)

abstract: East Aurora High School located in East Aurora, Erie County, New York, United States. It is the only high school operated by the East Aurora Union Free School District.

text:
# East Aurora High School (New York)

**East Aurora High School** located in East Aurora, Erie County, New York, United States. It is the only high school operated by the East Aurora Union Free School District.

## InfoBox

| East Aurora High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 1003 Center Street
East Aurora, (Erie County), New York 14052
United States | |
| Coordinates | 42°44′06″N 78°37′27″W / 42.7350°N 78.6241°W / 42.7350; -78.6241 |
| Information | |
| School type | Public school (government funded), high school |
| Status | open |
| School district | East Aurora Union Free School District |
| NCES District ID | 3609540 |
| Superintendent | Brian Russ |
| CEEB code | 331685 |
| NCES School ID | 360954000726 |
| Principal | William Roberts |
| Teaching staff | 51.15 (FTE) |
| Grades | 12 |
| Gender | Coeducational |
| Enrollment | 528 (2022-23) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 10.32 |
| Language | English |
| Hours in school day | 7 |
| Campus | Rural: fringe |
| Color(s) |
Blue and white |
| Mascot | Blue Devils |
| Website | www.eastauroraschools.org/o/district/page/high-school-landing |


title: 15th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)

abstract: 15th Division The 15th Division was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army. Its tsūshōgō code name was the Festival Division, and its military symbol was 15D. The 15th Division was one of four new infantry divisions raised by the Imperial Japanese Army in the closing stages of the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905). With Japan's limited resources towards the end of that conflict, the entire IJA was committed to combat in Manchuria, leaving not a single division to guard the Japanese home islands from attack. The 15th Division was initially raised from men in the area surrounding Nagoya under the command of Lieutenant General Okihara Kofu.

text:
# 15th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)

The **15th Division** (第15師団, *Dai Jūgo Shidan*) was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army. Its tsūshōgō code name was the **Festival Division** (祭兵団, *Sai Heidan*), and its military symbol was 15D. The *15th Division* was one of four new infantry divisions raised by the Imperial Japanese Army in the closing stages of the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905). With Japan's limited resources towards the end of that conflict, the entire IJA was committed to combat in Manchuria, leaving not a single division to guard the Japanese home islands from attack. The 15th Division was initially raised from men in the area surrounding Nagoya under the command of Lieutenant General Okihara Kofu.

## Action

### Interwar period

The Treaty of Portsmouth was concluded before the *15th division* could be deployed to Manchuria, and it was sent instead to Korea as a garrison force. 24 March 1907, the logistics battalion was transferred to the military school in Ushigome, and entire division has moved to Narashino, Chiba on 28 March 1907. The division was re-assembled 15 November 1908 in its original divisional headquarters located in Toyohashi, Aichi prefecture.

However, on 1 May 1925, it was dissolved by Minister of War Ugaki Kazushige as part of a cost-saving measure during the Kato Takaaki administration, together with the 13th, 17th and 18th divisions.

### Second Sino-Japanese War

In July 1937, open hostilities broke out against China and the Second Sino-Japanese War commenced. The 15th Division was re-established in Kyoto on 4 April 1938 as a triangular division, from the reserve forces of the IJA 16th Division. Under the command of Lieutenant General Yoshio Iwamatsu, it was assigned to the Chinese mainland as a garrison force around Nanjing and to maintain public safety over Japanese-occupied areas.

### Battle of Imphal

On 17 June 1943 the *15th division* was reassigned to the IJA 15th Army in Burma as part of an impending offensive against British India, with Nanjing garrison taken by newly formed 61st division. The division was delayed with road-building in Thailand for several months. Arriving in Burma, the division took part in the attack on Imphal as part of the Operation U-Go along with the IJA 31st and 33rd Divisions, followed by the Battle of Meiktila and Mandalay. During these operations, the division lost more than half of its men in combat or due to disease, and was forced out of Burma into Thailand in August 1945 days before the end of the war, where it was officially disbanded.

Operation U-Go was planned to start in the beginning of March 1944, but because of 15th Division's slow arrival start of the offensive was postponed to 15 March. The 15th Division formed the central position of the three attacking divisions, and its primary objective was to cut the road between Imphal and Kohima at Kangpokpi. On the map this was the shortest and most direct route towards Imphal, but the division had to cross difficult terrain with only poor tracks. Because of the difficult terrain, the division’s field artillery was replaced with mountain guns and the anti-tank equipment was left behind. Of the division’s nine battalions, one had been detached to the force dealing with the second Chindits operation, and most of its 67th Regiment was still in Thailand.

Thus, the 15th Division started the campaign with 6 battalions, 18 guns and a commander, Lieutenant-General Masafumi Yamauchi, who mortally ill with tuberculosis. Soon it had to be urged onwards by the commander of 15th Army, General Renya Mutaguchi A British force at Sangshak was within 15th Division’s operational area, but because of its slow speed, units from the 31st Division assaulted this position on 23 March. The 60th Regiment arrived soon after, but was not allowed to take part in the final assault 27 March. The 15th Division cut the Imphal-Kohima road at Kangpokpi on 3 April. Soon the division occupied Nunshigum Ridge, which overlooked Imphal. From here the Japanese could threaten the headquarters of the IV Corps; this also marked the closest they would come to Imphal. The British counterattack on this ridge included M3 Lee tanks, which came as a shock to the Japanese as they had considered the terrain to be completely impassable to armored vehicles. The tanks proved decisive - although the British suffered heavy losses, the defending Japanese battalion was almost annihilated. Despite this setback Yamauchi continued his encirclement of Imphal from the north. The British commander, General Geoffry Scoones drew the conclusion that the 15th Division was the weakest link in the Japanese front and ordered Indian 23rd Infantry Division and Indian 5th Infantry Division to destroy it. In the following months the British with their superiority in numbers and almost unstoppable tanks drove the Japanese off one hill after another.

In the middle of June the Japanese 31st Division began retreating from Kohima after suffering heavy casualties. This left the 60th Regiment blocking the Imphal-Kohima road in an impossible situation and the British broke through and reopened the road on 22 June. The next day saw a change in command, with Yamauchi replaced by Lieutenant-General Ryuichi Shibata. On 7 July the division received orders for a last-ditch attack on Pallel, but by now it had been shattered as a military formation; its remnants retreated back across the Chindwin River to safety.

### Battle of Meiktila and Mandalay

After the defeat at Imphal and Allied advances in the north, the Japanese forces in Burma were forced on the defensive to try to stop the Allies from crossing the Irrawaddy. In January 1945 the 15th Division, together with the 53rd Division, was thrown into the defense of Mandalay. The division had received some reinforcements, but at 4500 men it was still less than half of nominal strength.

The opposing, Indian 19th Infantry Division, established its first bridgeheads on the eastern side of the Irrawaddy on 14 January and all attempts to dislodge them failed. After a rapid build-up, the British commander, General Thomas Wynford Rees ordered his men forward. Brushing aside all opposition, its forward elements were within sight of Mandalay 7 March. The 15th Division, now under the command of Major-General Kyoe Yamamoto, had received orders to defend the former Burmese capital to the last man. Of the two main positions, the Japanese were driven off Mandalay Hill by 12 March, but the thick walls of Fort Dufferin withstood artillery and air bombardment. On 18 March the division received new orders allowing its withdrawal, which it did through the sewers on the night of 19 March.

By this time the Japanese position in Burma had completely collapsed. The survivors of the 15th Division (less than half its original strength of 15,000 men) retreated via the territory of the hostile Karen people and through the Southern Shan States, back into Kachanaburi, Thailand, where it remained at the time of the surrender of Japan 15 August 1945.

## Reference and further reading

* Madej, W. Victor. *Japanese Armed Forces Order of Battle, 1937-1945* \[2 vols\] Allentown, PA: 1981
* Louis Allen, *Burma: The longest War*, Dent Publishing, 1984, ISBN 0-460-02474-4
* Jon Latimer, *Burma: The Forgotten War*, London: John Murray, 2004 ISBN 0-7195-6576-6
* This article incorporates material from the Japanese Wikipedia page 第15師団 (日本軍), accessed 18 February 2016

## InfoBox

| 15th Division | |
| --- | --- |
| former IJA 15th Division HQ in Toyohashi, Aichi | |
| Active | 1 April 1905 – May 1925
4 April 1938 – 1945 |
| Country | Empire of Japan |
| Branch | Imperial Japanese Army |
| Type | Infantry |
| Size | 25,000 men / 15,000 men |
| Garrison/HQ | Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan |
| Nickname(s) | *Festival Division* |
| Engagements | Russo-Japanese War
Second Sino-Japanese War
World War II |
| Commanders | |
| Notable
commanders | Prince Nashimoto Morimasa, Minami Jiro, and Kanji Ishiwara |


title: Am I Going Insane (Radio)

abstract: "Am I Going Insane (Radio)" is a single by the English rock band Black Sabbath from the 1975 album Sabotage. Although common conception is that the suffix "Radio" was said to be added to the title because it was made for the purpose of being played on the radio, drummer Bill Ward said that it was Cockney rhyming slang for "mental"—radio-rental. Critics have noted the coincidence of the title and the fact that all Black Sabbath members except Tony Iommi were later clinically depressed. Also, as the song fades, there is a disturbing cry that sounds like someone going 'mental.' It has been theorized that the recording was of Jessica, Ozzy's daughter, but a 1975 interview with him suggests that it was not Jessica. The engineer for Sabotage revealed that it came from an unmarked cassette found at the studio.

text:
# Am I Going Insane (Radio)

"**Am I Going Insane (Radio)**" is a single by the English rock band Black Sabbath from the 1975 album *Sabotage*. Although common conception is that the suffix "Radio" was said to be added to the title because it was made for the purpose of being played on the radio, drummer Bill Ward said that it was Cockney rhyming slang for "mental"—radio-rental. Critics have noted the coincidence of the title and the fact that all Black Sabbath members except Tony Iommi were later clinically depressed. Also, as the song fades, there is a disturbing cry that sounds like someone going 'mental.' It has been theorized that the recording was of Jessica, Ozzy's daughter, but a 1975 interview with him suggests that it was not Jessica. The engineer for Sabotage revealed that it came from an unmarked cassette found at the studio.

## Disappointments within the band and reception

Although happy with most of the songs on *Sabotage*, lead singer Ozzy Osbourne did not like the responses he got with "Am I Going Insane (Radio)" or "Supertzar." Osbourne felt the two tracks were distractions on what would otherwise be a perfect album. AllMusic reviewers claimed that the song was unrecognizable for Black Sabbath and that it was a reckless attempt to change the band's identity. Despite Osbourne's feeling towards the song and negative reviews its popularity caused it to appear as the only track from *Sabotage* on Sabbath's greatest hits album *We Sold Our Soul for Rock 'n' Roll*.

## Track listing

A side 1. "Am I Going Insane (Radio)" – 4:17

B side 1. "Hole in the Sky" – 4:00

## InfoBox

| "Am I Going Insane (Radio)" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Black Sabbath | |
| from the album  *Sabotage* | |
| Released | 13 February 1976 |
| Recorded | Morgan Studios in London, England |
| Genre | Hard rock |
| Length | 4:17 |
| Label | Vertigo |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Black Sabbath singles chronology | |
| "Sabbath Bloody Sabbath"
(1974) "**Am I Going Insane (Radio)**"
(1976) "Never Say Die!"
(1978) | |


title: Docirava flavilinata

abstract: Docirava flavilinata is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in Taiwan.

text:
# Docirava flavilinata

***Docirava flavilinata*** is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in Taiwan.

## InfoBox

| *Docirava flavilinata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Docirava* |
| Species: | ***D. flavilinata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Docirava flavilinata***<br>Wileman, 1915 | |
|


title: Hyalinobatrachinae

abstract:
Hyalinobatrachinae is a subfamily of glass frogs that was established in 2009. They are found in the Americas from Mexico south to southeastern Brazil and Argentina. The subfamily contains 32 species in two genera:
  - Celsiella Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009
  - Hyalinobatrachium Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991 AmphibiaWeb gives a slightly higher species count as it includes two additional Hyalinobatrachium species that are placed in synonymy in the Amphibian Species of the World.

text:
# Hyalinobatrachinae

**Hyalinobatrachinae** is a subfamily of glass frogs (family Centrolenidae) that was established in 2009. They are found in the Americas from Mexico south to southeastern Brazil and Argentina.

The subfamily contains 32 species in two genera:

* *Celsiella* Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (2 species)
* *Hyalinobatrachium* Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991 (30 species)

AmphibiaWeb gives a slightly higher species count as it includes two additional *Hyalinobatrachium* species that are placed in synonymy in the Amphibian Species of the World.

## InfoBox

| Hyalinobatrachinae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Centrolenidae |
| Subfamily: | Hyalinobatrachinae<br>Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 |
|


title: Endocellion glaciale

abstract: Endocellion glaciale is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native from central Siberia to the northern Russian Far East. It was first described by Carl Friedrich von Ledebour in 1845 as Nardosmia glacialis.

text:
# Endocellion glaciale

***Endocellion glaciale*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native from central Siberia to the northern Russian Far East. It was first described by Carl Friedrich von Ledebour in 1845 as ***Nardosmia glacialis***.

## InfoBox

| *Endocellion glaciale* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | *Endocellion* |
| Species: | ***E. glaciale*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Endocellion glaciale***<br>(Ledeb.) Toman | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Nardosmia billingsiana* Fisch. ex Herder * *Nardosmia glacialis* Ledeb. * *Petasites glacialis* (Ledeb.) Polunin | |


title: Alvin A. Lee

abstract: Alvin A. Lee, is a Canadian literary critic and former academic administrator.

text:
# Alvin A. Lee

**Alvin A. Lee** (born September 30, 1930), is a Canadian literary critic and former academic administrator.

## Career

The majority of his academic career—some 39 years—was spent at McMaster University in Hamilton; he served as President and vice-chancellor of that university from 1980 to 1990. He also served as Chairman of the Council of Ontario Universities. The McMaster Museum of Art is housed in a building named in his honour because of his work acquiring extensive and valuable art collections for McMaster University. He received honorary doctorates from Victoria University in the University of Toronto, and from McMaster University, and was made an honorary professor at Beijing University, the University of Science and Technology Beijing, and Heilongjiang University. Lee holds B.A., M.A., M.Div., and Ph.D. degrees.

His academic interests lie in the fields of Old English literature, the Bible and literature, and literary theory.

Lee served as the General Editor of the 30-volume Collected Works of Northrop Frye, being published by the University of Toronto Press (the final volume published in 2012); he has edited two volumes himself, including an annotated edition of Frye's *The Great Code*. He also wrote the introduction to the Penguin Modern Classics editions of *The Great Code* and *Words with Power*. He is perhaps best known for his work on Beowulf: *Gold-Hall and Earth-Dragon: Beowulf as Metaphor* (University of Toronto Press). He has written articles, reviews and another book on Old English poetry, *The Guest Hall of Eden: Four Essays on the Design of Old English Poetry* (Yale University Press), and one on the Canadian poet and playwright, James Reaney. He, along with his wife, Hope Lee, also edited several textbooks for Harcourt Brace: Wish and Nightmare, Circle of Stories: One, Circle of Stories: Two, The Temple and the Ruin, The Garden and the Wilderness, and The Peaceable Kingdom.

## InfoBox

| Alvin A. Lee | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 4th President and Vice-Chancellor of McMaster University | |
| **In office**
1980–1990 | |
| Preceded by | Arthur Bourns |
| Succeeded by | Geraldine A. Kenney-Wallace |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1930-09-30) September 30, 1930
Woodville, Ontario, Canada |
| Occupation | Academic administration |
| Profession | literary critic |
|  | |


title: I'll Never Forget You (film)

abstract: The House in the Square is a 1951 science fiction fantasy film starring Tyrone Power and Ann Blyth. It was an early film for director Roy Ward Baker. Power plays Peter Standish, an American atomic scientist who is transported to the 18th century, where he falls in love. It was adapted from the 1926 play Berkeley Square by John L. Balderston, which was also the basis of the 1933 film Berkeley Square. Irene Browne reprised her role as Lady Anne Pettigrew from the 1933 version. It used a similar technique to the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, presenting the reality of the opening and closing sequences in black-and-white, and the fantasy sequence of the film in Technicolor.

text:
# I'll Never Forget You (film)

***The House in the Square*** (also titled ***I'll Never Forget You*** in the United States and ***Man of Two Worlds***) is a 1951 science fiction fantasy film starring Tyrone Power and Ann Blyth. It was an early film for director Roy Ward Baker.

Power plays Peter Standish, an American atomic scientist who is transported to the 18th century, where he falls in love. It was adapted from the 1926 play *Berkeley Square* by John L. Balderston, which was also the basis of the 1933 film *Berkeley Square*. Irene Browne reprised her role as Lady Anne Pettigrew from the 1933 version.

It used a similar technique to the 1939 film *The Wizard of Oz*, presenting the reality of the opening and closing sequences in black-and-white, and the fantasy sequence of the film in Technicolor.

## Plot

Peter Standish is an American atomic scientist who is working in a nuclear laboratory in London. His co-worker Roger Forsyth, who is worried about Peter's lack of social activities, takes him to a house in Berkeley Square he inherited. It is there that Peter announces his wishes of living in the 18th century among the high-class family Petigrew he has studied the last years. Because of a lightning strike, he is brought back to 1784, where he is thought to be the first Peter Standish, the American cousin of the Petigrews who, according to history, will soon romance and marry Kate Petigrew.

Peter falls for Kate, but he is more interested in her sister Helen, of whom he has never found any records. Over the next few days, Peter makes several bad impressions on the family by using modern day language and revealing information he could not have known if he had actually grown up in the 18th century. Helen, however, is the only one not suspicious of Peter's presence and falls in love with him as well. Peter admits to her that the 18th century is not what he thought it would be. The narrow-minded people, the poverty and the dirt irritate him. Furthermore, he admits that he is from the future and shows Helen his hidden laboratory in the basement with modern inventions.

Rather than being afraid, Helen becomes even more interested in Peter. They fall in love, despite Peter's awareness that he has to marry Kate in order to not change history. Helen begs him not to say things which make him look odd, and that night, at a formal party, Peter tries to impress the famous Duchess of Devonshire, but he accidentally talks about her as if he is talking about her legacy, which makes her uneasy. Kate is fed up with Peter and announces that she will not marry him. Rather than trying to court her somehow, Peter is drawn to Helen, who is interested in finding out more about the future.

Things start to look bad for Peter when his laboratory is uncovered. He is committed to the Bethlem Royal Hospital. Before being taken away, he rushes to Helen's room, where she places a crux ansata to remind him of her love for him. While he is being taken away, lightning strikes again and Peter returns to the present. There, Forsyth tells him he has been acting like a madman for the past seven weeks. Peter is shocked when he meets Forsyth's sister Martha, who resembles Helen. He rushes out to the graveyard in front of his house, where he not only discovers Helen's grave, but that she died of grief shortly after he was taken away to the asylum.

## Cast

## Production

The film went into production in January 1945, with Gregory Peck and Maureen O'Hara in the lead roles. The project, however, was shelved and eventually abandoned, before it was taken up in 1950. On 13 July 1950, Tyrone Power was announced in the lead role. French actress Micheline Presle was originally set to co-star, but she dropped out in March 1951 due to illness. Constance Smith shortly stepped in as her replacement, but producer Darryl F. Zanuck decided she was not experienced enough and replaced her with Ann Blyth.

Initially, Jean Simmons was approached to co-star next to Power.

## Critical reception

Bosley Crowther of *The New York Times* wrote "Although there are obvious intimations of the lovely play, *Berkeley Square,* in the movie *I'll Never Forget You,* which came to the Roxy yesterday, there is little of its poetry or magic," and dismissed the film as "a thoroughly unmemorable event". Similarly, *TV Guide* wrote "It's a terrific story but less than a terrific film. Power is given little opportunity to show any of his humor and the entire mood of the film is lethargic and a bit sombre". However, Allmovie called it "A fairly haunting, if a bit slow romance"; and *Mystery File* wrote "It may seem at best a rather tired fantasy to you, and that’s fine. But if you let it, the film has a charm all its own."

## Home media

The film was released on DVD as part of the Tyrone Power Matinee Idol Collection on 29 July 2008.

## InfoBox

| The House in the Square | |
| --- | --- |
| American theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Roy Ward Baker |
| Written by | Ranald MacDougall |
| Based on | *Berkeley Square*
1926 play
by John L. Balderston |
| Produced by | Sol C. Siegel |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Georges Périnal |
| Edited by | Alan Osbiston |
| Music by | William Alwyn |
| Distributed by | Twentieth Century Fox |
| Release date | * 7 December 1951 (1951-12-07) (US) |
| Running time | 90 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |
| Box office | $1.75 million (US/Canada rentals) |


title: 1955 LeHi 300

abstract: The 1955 LeHi 300 was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on October 9, 1955, at Memphis-Arkansas Speedway in LeHi, Arkansas. The race car drivers still had to commute to the races using the same stock cars that competed in a typical weekend's race through a policy of homologation. This policy was in effect until roughly 1975. By 1980, NASCAR had completely stopped tracking the year model of all the vehicles and most teams did not take stock cars to the track under their own power any more.

text:
# 1955 LeHi 300

35°8.31486′N 90°18.9617′W / 35.13858100°N 90.3160283°W / 35.13858100; -90.3160283

The **1955 LeHi 300** (known officially in NASCAR as **1955-40**) was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on October 9, 1955, at Memphis-Arkansas Speedway in LeHi, Arkansas.

The race car drivers still had to commute to the races using the same stock cars that competed in a typical weekend's race through a policy of homologation (and under their own power). This policy was in effect until roughly 1975. By 1980, NASCAR had completely stopped tracking the year model of all the vehicles and most teams did not take stock cars to the track under their own power any more.

## Race report

The 200-lap race took three hours and thirty-four minutes to complete in front of 8500 live spectators. Speedy Thompson defeated Marvin Panch by ¾ of a single lap. Ford would win their first race as a manufacturer since 1950. Fonty Flock earned the pole position with a speed of 100.390 miles per hour (161.562 km/h) while the winner of the race achieved a speed of 83.948 miles per hour (135.101 km/h). Jim Reed was disqualified for using non-stock cylinder heads, and was considered a repeat violation according to NASCAR. The in-race disqualification resulted in Reed given the last-place finish on lap 8. All of the 41 drivers on the racing grid were Caucasian American-born males. This was the 40th racing event out of the 45 done in the 1955 NASCAR Grand National Series season.

Bob Flock would make his only NASCAR Grand National Series start under car owner Carl Kiekhafer. Due to strained relationships between Flock and Kiekhafer, Flock would never drive for him again. In this race, 21 of the drivers had previously won in the NASCAR Grand National Cup Series. This was also the 12th Of Buck Baker's 16 consecutive finishes to bring the 1955 NASCAR Grand National Series to a conclusion. It was also the 10th of 12 starts for Johnny Mantz.

The total amount of prize winnings that could have been earned from this racing event was $9,120 ($103,730.09 when adjusted for inflation). Smokey Yunick and Carl Kiekhaefer were the two notable crew chiefs that participated in the event.

Tiny Lund would make his career start during this event and would make $60 for his troubles ($682.43 when adjusted for inflation). Other drivers making their NASCAR Cup Series debut in this race included Johnny Allen, Bill Morton, Jim Murray, Norm Nelson, and Chuck Stevenson. A lot of drivers would make their grand exits from NASCAR after this race: this relatively long list included Floyd Curtis, Hooker Hood, Roscoe Rann and Leland Sewell. One-time race car drivers Bob Coleman, Al Hager, and Gene Rose would make their only NASCAR appearances during this race.

Even during the 1950s, it was unusual to see four cars fail to finish the race due to problems with the vapor lock. It occurs when the liquid fuel changes state from liquid to gas while still in the fuel delivery system. This disrupts the operation of the fuel pump, causing loss of feed pressure to the carburetor, resulting in transient loss of power or complete stalling. Restarting the engine from this state may be difficult. The fuel can vaporize due to being heated by the engine, by the local climate or due to a lower boiling point at high altitude.

### Qualifying

| Grid | No. | Driver | Manufacturer | Owner |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 301 | Fonty Flock | '55 Chrysler | Carl Kiekhaefer |
| 2 | 300 | Tim Flock | '55 Chrysler | Carl Kiekhaefer |
| 3 | 87 | Buck Baker | '55 Ford | Pete DePaolo |
| 4 | 99 | Billy Carden | '55 Ford | Charlie Schwam |
| 5 | 95 | Curtis Turner | '55 Ford | Charlie Schwam |
| 6 | 98 | Marvin Panch | '55 Ford | Pete DePaolo |
| 7 | 92 | Herb Thomas | '55 Chevrolet | Herb Thomas |
| 8 | 86 | Joe Weatherly | '55 Ford | Pete DePaolo |
| 8 | 308 | Bob Flock | '55 Chrysler | Carl Kiekhaefer |
| 10 | 297 | Speedy Thompson | '55 Ford | Pete DePaolo |
| 11 | 25 | Bill Widenhouse | '55 Chevrolet | Sam McCuthen |
| 12 | 04 | Jimmy Massey | '55 Chevrolet | Hubert Westmoreland |
| 13 | 2 | Gwyn Staley | '55 Chevrolet | Hubert Westmoreland |
| 14 | B-29 | Dink Widenhouse | '55 Ford | Dink Widenhouse |
| 15 | 68 | Chuck Stevenson | '55 Ford | Pete DePaolo |
| 16 | 17 | Russ Graham | '55 Chevrolet | Earl Wright |
| 17 | 70 | Joe Eubanks | '55 Chevrolet | Lancaster Brothers |
| 18 | 88 | Jimmie Lewallen | '55 Oldsmobile | Ernest Woods |
| 19 | 198 | Dave Terrell | '55 Oldsmobile | Dave Terrell |
| 20 | 49 | Bob Welborn | '55 Chevrolet | Bob Welborn |
| 21 | 15 | Johnny Mantz | '55 Ford | unknown |
| 22 | 188 | Hooker Hood | '54 Oldsmobile | Hooker Hood |
| 23 | 37 | Tiny Lund | '55 Chevrolet | Carl Rupert |
| 24 | 42 | Lee Petty | '55 Dodge | Petty Enterprises |
| 25 | 44 | Ralph Liguori | '55 Chevrolet | Julian Petty |

### Top 10 finishers

| Pos | Grid | No. | Driver | Manufacturer | Laps | Winnings | Laps led | Time/Status |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 10 | 297 | Speedy Thompson | '55 Ford | 200 | $2,900 | 158 | 3:34:25 |
| 2 | 6 | 98 | Marvin Panch | '55 Ford | 200 | $1,450 | 0 | +0.75 laps |
| 3 | 12 | 04 | Jimmy Massey | '55 Chevrolet | 196 | $1,000 | 0 | +4 laps |
| 4 | 2 | 300 | Tim Flock | '55 Chrysler | 195 | $850 | 42 | +5 laps |
| 5 | 8 | 308 | Bob Flock | '55 Chrysler | 195 | $650 | 0 | +5 laps |
| 6 | 3 | 87 | Buck Baker | '55 Ford | 194 | $525 | 0 | +6 laps |
| 7 | 18 | 18 | Jimmie Lewallen | '55 Oldsmobile | 190 | $400 | 0 | +10 laps |
| 8 | 25 | 44 | Ralph Liguori | '55 Chevrolet | 189 | $350 | 0 | +11 laps |
| 9 | 14 | B-29 | Dink Widenhouse | '55 Ford | 185 | $250 | 0 | +15 laps |
| 10 | 20 | 49 | Bob Welborn | '55 Chevrolet | 183 | $225 | 0 | +17 laps |

## Timeline

Section reference:

* Start of race: Tim Flock started the race with the pole position.
* Lap 3: A piston located inside Ted Cannady's vehicle stopped working properly.
* Lap 5: Radiator issues forced Fonty Flock into the sidelines for the remainder of the race.
* Lap 8: Jim Reed was disqualified from the race.
* Lap 10: The radiator on Floyd Curtis' vehicle no longer worked properly.
* Lap 13: The gasket on Eddie Skinner's vehicle fell off.
* Lap 19: The vapor lock on Curtis Turner's vehicle acted in an unusual manner.
* Lap 22: Russ Graham's vehicle overheated; Bill Widenhouse's radiator started acting strangely.
* Lap 27: Dave Terrell had a terminal crash.
* Lap 29: Joe Weatherly's vehicle developed vapor lock issues.
* Lap 38: Gwyn Staley's fuel pump started acting funny, forcing him off the track.
* Lap 43: Speedy Thompson takes over the lead from Tim Flock.
* Lap 46: Johnny Mantz suddenly had problems with his vapor lock along with Joe Eubanks.
* Lap 55: Billy Carden had a terminal crash.
* Lap 63: Jim Murray's fuel pump was giving him problems.
* Lap 65: Tiny Lund had a terminal crash.
* Lap 123: Bill Morton had a terminal crash.
* Lap 132: The rear end of Herb Thomas' vehicle fell off, forcing him to leave the event.
* Lap 162: Norm Nelson's engine became problematic, causing him to exit the race early.
* Finish: Speedy Thompson was declared the winner of the race.

## InfoBox

1955 LeHi 300
| Race details | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Race 40 of 45 in the 1955 NASCAR Grand National Series season | | | |
| Date | October 9, 1955 (1955-October-09) | | |
| Official name | LeHi 300 | | |
| Location | Memphis-Arkansas Speedway (LeHi, Arkansas) | | |
| Course | Permanent racing facility<br>1.500 mi (3.000 km) | | |
| Distance | 200 laps, 300.1 mi (452.8 km) | | |
| Weather | Mild with temperatures of 77 °F (25 °C); wind speeds of 10.1 miles per hour (16.3 km/h) | | |
| Average speed | 83.948 mph (135.101 km/h) | | |
| Attendance | 8,500 | | |
| Pole position | | | |
| Driver |  | Carl Keikhaefer |
| Most laps led | | | |
| Driver | Speedy Thompson | Pete DePaolo |
| Laps | 158 | | |
| Winner | | | |
| No. 297 | Speedy Thompson | Pete DePaolo |


title: Dyce Head Light

abstract: Dyce Head Light is a lighthouse in the town of Castine, Maine. First established in 1829, the light was deactivated in 1937 and replaced by a skeleton tower 475 feet (145 m) to the south. When that structure was destroyed by a storm in 2007, however, the old light was reactivated in 2008. The lighthouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing property to Castine Historic District.

text:
# Dyce Head Light

**Dyce Head Light** is a lighthouse in the town of Castine, Maine. First established in 1829, the light was deactivated in 1937 and replaced by a skeleton tower 475 feet (145 m) to the south. When that structure was destroyed by a storm in 2007, however, the old light was reactivated in 2008.

The lighthouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing property to Castine Historic District.

## InfoBox

Dyce Head Light
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Castine, Maine |
| Coordinates | 44°22′57.6″N 68°49′7.86″W / 44.382667°N 68.8188500°W / 44.382667; -68.8188500 |
| Tower | |
| Constructed | 1829 |
| Automated | 1937 |
| Shape | Rubble Tower |
| Markings | White |
| Heritage | National Register of Historic Places contributing property |
| Fog signal | none |
|  | |
| Light | |
| Deactivated | 1937-2008 |
| Focal height | 134 feet (41 m) |
| Range | 11 nautical miles (20 km; 13 mi) |
| Characteristic | Fl W 6s |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Dyce Head Light | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district<br>Contributing property | |
|  | |
| Part of | Castine Historic District |
| NRHP reference No. | 73000240 |
| Added to NRHP | February 23, 1973 |
|  | |


title: Eastern Military Academy

abstract: Eastern Military Academy (EMA) was a high school military academy founded in 1944 in Connecticut, United States, by Roland R. Robinson, a former mathematics teacher at Peekskill Military Academy, and his brother-in-law, Carleton Witham. The relationship with the local town was poor from the start, and in 1948 the school moved to Cold Spring Hills on Long Island, New York, until the school closed in 1979.

text:
# Eastern Military Academy

**Eastern Military Academy** (**EMA**) was a high school military academy founded in 1944 in Connecticut, United States, by Roland R. Robinson, a former mathematics teacher at Peekskill Military Academy (now also defunct), and his brother-in-law, Carleton Witham. The relationship with the local town was poor from the start, and in 1948 the school moved to Cold Spring Hills on Long Island, New York, until the school closed in 1979.

## History

At its new location, the school was based in one of the largest mansions ever constructed in the United States, Oheka Castle, built by Otto Kahn, a multimillionaire. Following Kahn's death in 1934, his heirs had little interest in the estate, and the town of Huntington briefly used it as a retirement home for municipal employees.

EMA was organized for most of its existence as a battalion, with a band company, troop (using horses stabled a few miles away), two infantry companies of high school and junior high school students, a company of children sixth grade and below, a company of day students, i.e. students who did not board in the school, battalion staff of two to four members, and a four-member color guard. For several years of very high enrollment, the school organized as a regiment.

Robinson and Witham died within six weeks of one another in the summer of 1968, leaving the school in the hands of Alice Robinson, who was Robinson's widow and Witham's sister. According to an article in Newsday on September 30, 1968, she was then the first woman ever to head a military academy in the USA. In 1970 she sold the school to three investors, without notifying the longtime dean and new Headmaster, Leopold Hedbavny, or alumni. These investors immediately took out a three million dollar bank mortgage, although they had paid Mrs. Robinson only $50,000 plus stock in their new corporation, and stock in several other of the ultimately nine schools they bought. All nine schools were eventually closed following the taking out of large mortgages.

In 1955 the Army granted EMA status as an honor Junior ROTC unit. From 1951 to 1968 students ninth grade and up were taken to a military training base, Camp Smith, for a week in May for riflery training and practice. This continued at a base in New Jersey until 1975, the same year the school lost its honor rating. In 1977 the Army struck it from the rolls of recognized Junior ROTC units, and removed all military supplied equipment, mostly M-1 Garand rifles (prior to 1955 cadets used Springfield M1903 rifles). In 1979, enrollment was down to just ninety from a high of over 350. The school closed in 1979 after a fire had been set in the dormitory floors.

In the late 1960s, as the school was declining, two groups of disgruntled staff broke away and founded the General Douglas MacArthur Military Academy and the Marine Military Academy.

For a few years EMA had an armored unit based on some surplus Armored Personnel Carriers. Operating these when gasoline prices began rising became prohibitively expensive, and two were given to the New York City police department. One was allegedly buried on the school grounds.  At the funeral of President John F. Kennedy the riderless horse following Kennedy's caisson bore a saber from EMA which had been presented to the White House by the senior class of 1962 on their class visit to Washington. EMA's sabers were engraved with a unique, copyrighted design.

## Extra-curricular

The school newspaper was called *The Guidon*. The yearbook was *The Saber*. The honor society (based on academic grades, military rank, being a class officer, and participation in sports and clubs) was the Order of the Key. At various points the school had a chess club, camera club, glee club, chorus, ham radio, equestrian, swimming, riflery, fencing, basketball, baseball, varsity and junior varsity football teams. EMA also hosted one of the first chapters of the Lions Club to be based in a school.

## Uniforms

Uniforms worn by cadets followed the style of the United States Military Academy at West Point. Shoes were black, and loafers were not permitted. Socks had to be black (medical exceptions allowed). The "uniform of the day" for all cadets included gray pants with a black stripe on each leg. The belt was black with a brass buckle that had to be kept polished. A gray long-sleeved shirt had a shield shaped patch on the right shoulder. This was the emblem of EMA, an open book atop a vertical saber, hilt down. The collars had indicia of which company each cadet was attached to, a harp for the band, cross sabers for the troop, and crossed rifles for all others. Officers had "pips" to indicate rank on the right collar, one circular pip for second lieutenant, two for first lieutenant, and three for captains. The cadet major had a single diamond shaped pip. A black tie completed the ensemble. It did not hang freely, but was tucked into the shirt between the second and third buttons. On Sundays and for some other occasions cadets wore a "choker" instead of the shirt and tie. This was a gray jacket with a high collar. Rank was shown by stripes on both shoulders. For parades and other very formal occasions such as dances and the graduation ceremony cadets wore a jacket known as a 44 for the brass buttons on it. These had to be kept polished. The 44 had the usual stripes for rank, plus cadets had any ribbons awarded them, as well as riflery medals. These medals were the ones used by the United States military for marksman, sharpshooter and expert.

## Alumni association

An alumni association was formed in 1969, and still exists with its own website. One of the former EMA cadets, Roger Hall, has written about his memories and about Oheka Castle.  The association's meetings (generally luncheons or dinners) were suspended in April 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but resumed in May 2021.

## InfoBox

| Eastern Military Academy | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Cold Spring Harbor, New York | |
| Coordinates | 40°49′44″N 73°26′54″W / 40.82889°N 73.44833°W / 40.82889; -73.44833 |
| Information | |
| Type | Military school |
| Motto | "Your doorway to college" |
| Opened | 1944 |
| Closed | 1979 |


title: Early Recordings Vol. 2

abstract: Early Recordings Vol. 2 is an album by blues musician Lightnin' Hopkins featuring tracks recorded at Gold Star Studios in Houston, Texas between 1946 and 1950, thirteen of which were originally released as 10-inch 78rpm records on the Gold Star and Dart labels, along with three others that were previously unissued. Arhoolie reissued The Gold Star Sessions on two CDs through Smithsonian Folkways in 1990.

text:
# Early Recordings Vol. 2

***Early Recordings Vol. 2*** is an album by blues musician Lightnin' Hopkins featuring tracks recorded at Gold Star Studios in Houston, Texas between 1946 and 1950, thirteen of which were originally released as 10-inch 78rpm records on the Gold Star and Dart labels, along with three others that were previously unissued. Arhoolie reissued *The Gold Star Sessions* on two CDs through Smithsonian Folkways in 1990.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

AllMusic reviewer Eugene Chadbourne stated: "The Arhoolie collection of recordings done for the Texas Gold Star label continued with a particularly well-assembled collection in which a few interesting variations in recording and backup musicians contribute to a sense of variety often missing from albums by this artist. There are also some vocal performances here that are among Hopkins' best committed to vinyl ... These recordings are all very typical of the Hopkins approach in that many songs were probably improvised on the spot, or at least whipped up around a framework or some kind of skeletal idea. Hopkins has quite a strange attention span, sometimes approaching a song with strong concentration until he is halfway through, then becoming casual and letting things drift off completely. Aspects like this, and his way of improvising instrumental breaks in which the chord structure or tempo can be transformed at whim, make this a kind of blues that is challenging not only for the listener but for the performer as well.".

## Track listing

All compositions by Sam "Lightnin'" Hopkins

1. "Short Haired Woman" – 2:22
2. "Old Woman Blues" – 3:04
3. "Untrue Blues" – 3:03
4. "T-Model Blues" – 2:39
5. "Jailhouse Blues" – 3:03
6. "Trying to Find a Friend" – 3:07
7. "Can't Be Successful" aka "Unsuccessful Blues" – 2:23
8. "Tom Moore Blues" – 2:41
9. "Fast Life Woman" – 2:25
10. "Grosebeck Blues" \[Take 2\] – 2:25 previously unreleased
11. "Grosebeck Blues" \[Take 3\] – 2:37 previously unreleased
12. "Rollin' Woman Blues" – 2:49
13. "Ain't It a Shame" – 2:56
14. "Somebody's Got to Go" – 2:48
15. "Automobile Blues" – 2:50
16. "All I Got Is Gone" – 3:06 previously unreleased

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Early Recordings Vol. 2 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Lightnin' Hopkins | |
| Released | 1971 |
| Recorded | late 1940s |
| Studio | Gold Star (Houston, Texas) |
| Genre | Blues |
| Length | 44:29 |
| Label | Arhoolie |
| Compiler | Bill Quinn, Chris Strachwitz |
| Lightnin' Hopkins chronology | |
| *Early Recordings*
(1965) ***Early Recordings Vol. 2***
(1971) *Lightnin' Hopkins Strums the Blues*
(1958) | |


title: Eagle Point, Victoria

abstract: Eagle Point is a small town in Victoria, Australia, in the Shire of East Gippsland, by Lake King. The area encompasses the red limestone cliffs by the Mitchell River and Mitchell River silt jetties. It is a popular tourist destination.

text:
# Eagle Point, Victoria

**Eagle Point** is a small town in Victoria, Australia, in the Shire of East Gippsland, by Lake King. The area encompasses the red limestone cliffs by the Mitchell River and Mitchell River silt jetties. It is a popular tourist destination.

## History

The Gunai name for Eagle Point is *Nurrung*, which translates to *moon*.

Eagle Point is associated with conflict between the local Gunai Aboriginal people and settlers. In 1840-41, Angus McMillan and his men killed an unknown number of Gunai people in skirmishes during "the defense of Bushy Park". In the mid to late 1840s, Eagle Point was the headquarters for the Border Police under Commissioner Tyers. In conjunction with the Native Police force based at nearby Boisdale, this force conducted regular raids upon Gunai camps across the region.

## Demographics

The Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016 Census reported the town had a ratio of 51 males to 49 females. The median age was 56 years of age, 18 years above the Australian average.

### Nationalities and Languages

At 79.2%, the majority of people living in Eagle Point were born in Australia. The other most common countries of birth were England, Germany, New Zealand, Netherlands and Scotland. In Eagle Point, 90.1% of people only spoke English at home. The percentage of Italian speakers was 0.8%, 0.7% spoke German, while Afrikaans, Finnish and Malay speakers each were 0.3%.

### Religion

The town of Eagle Point is 63.1% religious, with 19.4% identifying as Anglican, 15.8% as Catholic and 4.8% as belonging to the Uniting Church. 36.9% of the population were reported as having no religion.

### Relationship Status

59.1% of the population is married in Eagle Point, 19.4% have never married, 11.9% are divorced, 6.0% are widowed and 3.6% are separated.

### Employment Status

51.0% of people living in Eagle Point are employed full-time, and 35.3% are working part-time. Eagle Point has an unemployment rate of 4.0%.

## Education

\[\[File:D. R. Long - Eagle Point, Bairnsdale.jpg|left|thumb|*Eagle Point, Bairnsdale (Mitchell River and Lake King),* Daniel Long, between 1856 and 1883 \[State Library Victoria\]\]\] Eagle Point is served by a primary school, Eagle Point Primary School, founded in 1894. It is situated on School Road and Eagle Point Rd. In 2010, it completed a redevelopment project which included two new buildings.

## Tourism

Eagle Point is known for its tourism. It has two caravan parks: Eagle Point Caravan Park and the Lake King Caravan Park. Eagle Point's main attraction is the reserve. Kangaroos can regularly be seen on silt jetties. The other attraction is Lake King or The Mitchell River; Lake King is sometimes closed off to the public due to algal blooms. Bairnsdale Riviera Triathlon Club hosts an annual event in Eagle Point each summer.

## Arts & Culture

Although there are no art galleries in Eagle Point, the town has a small number of professional artists living and working in the area.

## InfoBox

| Eagle Point
Victoria | |
| --- | --- |
| Eagle Point | |
| Coordinates | 37°53′45″S 147°39′40″E / 37.8957697°S 147.661128°E / -37.8957697; 147.661128 |
| Population | 1,094 (2016 census) |
| Established | late 1840s |
| Postcode(s) | 3878 |
| Elevation | 11 m (36 ft) |
| Location |  |
| LGA(s) | Shire of East Gippsland |
| **Mean max temp** **Mean min temp** **Annual rainfall**  20.7 °C
69 °F 8.7 °C
48 °F 694.8 mm
27.4 in | |


title: I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive

abstract: "I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive" is a song written by Fred Rose and American country music singer-songwriter Hank Williams, released by Williams in 1952.

text:
# I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive

"**I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive**" is a song written by Fred Rose and American country music singer-songwriter Hank Williams, released by Williams in 1952.

## Background

The song was the last single to be released during Williams' lifetime. Co-writer Fred Rose, who died a year after the song's release, played a critical role in the development of Williams' songwriting; as Colin Escott points out, it was up to Rose "to separate the gold from the dross and work with Hank to transform the best ideas into integrated, complete statements, taut with commercial logic. If Rose contributed substantially, as he did on "A Mansion on the Hill" and later "Kaw-Liga," he took half-credit; if he simply doctored Hank's songs, he didn't take a share. Rose knew that he would get the publisher's half of the royalty, and there is consensus that he was not a greedy man."

Meant to be a humorous song, as evidenced by its ironic title and chorus, the composition took on additional poignancy following Williams' death early in the first hours of January 1953. Williams recorded the song at Castle Studio in Nashville on June 13, 1952, with backing provided by Jerry Rivers (fiddle), Don Helms (steel guitar), Chet Atkins (lead guitar), Chuck Wright (bass) and probably Ernie Newton (bass). Atkins recalled later, "We recorded 'I'll Never Get Out of this World Alive' and after each take, he'd sit down in a chair. I remember thinking, 'Hoss, you're not jivin',' because he was so weak that all he could do was just sing a few lines, and then just fall in the chair."

## Chart performance

"I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive" reached No. 1 on the *Billboard* Country Singles chart posthumously in January 1953.

### Hank Williams version

| Year | Chart | Position |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1952 | Billboard Country Singles | 1 |
|

## Cover versions

The song has been covered by artists such as

## In other media

* In 1999, the song was used as the theme for the BBC Radio 4 comedy series *Married*.
* In 2008, Williams' version of the song was used as the theme for the animated comedy series *The Life & Times of Tim*.
* Steve Earle released his first novel in May 2011, which takes its title from the song and tells the story of a doctor haunted by the ghost of Williams.
* The song was featured during a cutscene in the 2013 video game *The Last of Us*, in which Ellie reveals to Joel that she stole a cassette tape of the song and the two listen to it while driving.

1. "U.S. Copyright Office Virtual Card Catalog 1946-1954". *vcc.copyright.gov*. Retrieved 2021-09-09.
2. "Hank Williams 78rpm Issues". *jazzdiscography.com*. Retrieved 2021-09-23.
3. Escott, Merritt & MacEwen 2004, p. 347.
4. Escott, Merritt & MacEwen 2004, p. 132.
5. Whitburn, Joel (2004). *The Billboard Book Of Top 40 Country Hits: 1944-2006, Second edition*. Record Research. p. 387.
6. "The Delta Rhythm Boys - Inductees - The Vocal Group Hall of Fame Foundation". 5 January 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-01-05. Retrieved 1 May 2021.

## Bibliography

* Escott, Colin; Merritt, George; MacEwen, William (2004). *Hank Williams: The Biography*. New York: Little, Brown.

## InfoBox

| "I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Hank Williams With His Drifting Cowboys | |
| B-side | "I Could Never Be Ashamed of You" |
| Published | October 6, 1952 (1952-10-06) by Milene Music |
| Released | November 1952 (1952-11) |
| Recorded | June 13, 1952 (1952-06-13) |
| Studio | Castle Studio, Nashville |
| Genre | Country & Western, Honky-tonk, Country blues |
| Length | 2:25 |
| Label | MGM 11366 |
| Songwriter(s) | Hank Williams, Fred Rose |
| Hank Williams With His Drifting Cowboys singles chronology | |
| "Settin' the Woods on Fire"
(1952) "**I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive**"
(1952) "Kaw-Liga"
(1953) | |


abstract: I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive is the 14th studio album by American singer-songwriter Steve Earle, released in 2011, produced by T Bone Burnett. All of the songs are written by Earle, with the exception of the title track, which is included as a download-only bonus track. Four of the songs were originally written for other projects. "This City", was originally written for the David Simon show Treme and appears on its soundtrack. It was nominated for a Grammy in 2011 for "Best Song Written For Motion Picture, Television Or Other Visual Media". "Lonely are the Free" was written and recorded for the 2010 Tim Blake Nelson film Leaves of Grass, in which Earle had a small part. This earlier version was played over the closing credits and appeared on the film soundtrack. Earle originally wrote the tracks "God Is God" and "I am a Wanderer" for Joan Baez's Day After Tomorrow album. Earle has said that the title for the album was inspired by the Hank Williams song of the same name which is available as a bonus track from iTunes. Earle also wrote a novel with the same title.

text:
# I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive (album)

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 74/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| BBC | Mixed |
| *Telegraph* |  |

***I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive*** is the 14th studio album by American singer-songwriter Steve Earle, released in 2011, produced by T Bone Burnett. All of the songs are written by Earle, with the exception of the title track, which is included as a download-only bonus track.

Four of the songs were originally written for other projects. "This City", was originally written for the David Simon show *Treme* and appears on its soundtrack. It was nominated for a Grammy in 2011 for "Best Song Written For Motion Picture, Television Or Other Visual Media". "Lonely are the Free" was written and recorded for the 2010 Tim Blake Nelson film *Leaves of Grass*, in which Earle had a small part. This earlier version was played over the closing credits and appeared on the film soundtrack. Earle originally wrote the tracks "God Is God" and "I am a Wanderer" for Joan Baez's *Day After Tomorrow* album.

Earle has said that the title for the album was inspired by the Hank Williams song of the same name which is available as a bonus track from iTunes. Earle also wrote a novel with the same title.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Steve Earle, except Track 12 on the iTunes version

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Waitin' on the Sky" | 3:28 |
| 2. | "Little Emperor" | 2:58 |
| 3. | "The Gulf of Mexico" | 4:15 |
| 4. | "Molly-O" | 3:20 |
| 5. | "God Is God" | 3:59 |
| 6. | "Meet Me in the Alleyway" | 4:25 |
| 7. | "Every Part of Me" | 2:51 |
| 8. | "Lonely Are the Free" | 3:23 |
| 9. | "Heaven or Hell" | 3:26 |
| 10. | "I Am a Wanderer" | 2:53 |
| 11. | "This City" | 2:44 |

### iTunes exclusive

All tracks are written by Steve Earle, except Track 12

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12. | "I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive" | Fred Rose, Hank Williams | 2:37 |
| 13. | "The Making of I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive, Pt. 1" |  | 9:21 |
| 14. | "The Making of I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive, Pt. 2" |  | 9:21 |

## Chart performance

| Chart (2011) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| U.S. *Billboard* 200 | 24 |
| U.S. *Billboard* Top Country Albums | 4 |
| U.S. *Billboard* Top Independent Albums | 4 |
| U.S. *Billboard* Top Rock Albums | 7 |
| Canadian Albums Chart | 17 |
|

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Steve Earle | |
| Released | April 26, 2011 |
| Recorded | May, November 2010 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 37:42 |
| Label | New West |
| Producer | T Bone Burnett |
| Steve Earle chronology | |
| *Townes*
(2009) ***I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive***
(2011) *The Low Highway*
(2013) | |


title: IBM OfficeVision

abstract: OfficeVision was an IBM proprietary office support application.

text:
# IBM OfficeVision

**OfficeVision** was an IBM proprietary office support application.

## History

### PROFS, DISOSS and Office/36

OfficeVision started as a product for the VM operating system named **PROFS** (for PRofessional OFfice System) and was initially made available in 1981. Before that it was just a PRPQ (Programming Request for Price Quotation), an IBM administrative term for non-standard software offerings with unique features, support and pricing.

The first release of PROFS was developed by IBM in Endicott, NY in conjunction with Amoco Research, from a prototype named OFS developed earlier in Poughkeepsie, NY by Paul Gardner and others. Subsequent development took place in Dallas. The programmable editor XEDIT was the basis of the word processing function in PROFS, as well as in the PROFS document management functions.

PROFS itself had descended from OFS (Office System) developed also on the same laboratory and first installed in October 1974. This was a primitive solution for office automation created between 1970 and 1972, which was replacement for an in-house manual system for tracking inter-office communications.

Compared to Poughkeepsie's original in-house system, the distinctive new features added by OFS were a centralised database virtual machine (*data base manager* or *DBM*) for shared permanent storage of documents, instead of storing all documents in user's personal virtual machines; and a centralised virtual machine (*mailman master machine* or *distribution virtual machine*) to manage mail transfer between individuals, instead of relying on direct communication between the personal virtual machines of individual users. By 1981, IBM's Poughkeepsie site had over 500 PROFS users.

In 1983, IBM introduced release 2 of PROFS, along with auxiliary software to enable document interchange between PROFS, DISOSS, Displaywriter, IBM 8100 and IBM 5520 systems.

PROFS and its e-mail component, known colloquially as **PROFS Notes**, featured prominently in the investigation of the Iran-Contra scandal. Oliver North believed he had deleted his correspondence, but the system archived it anyway. Congress subsequently examined the e-mail archives.

Two wholly different systems also shared the OfficeVision name: OfficeVision/MVS originated from IBM DISOSS, and OfficeVision/400 from IBM Office/36.

IBM's European Networking Center (ENC) in Heidelberg, Germany, developed prototype extensions to OfficeVision/VM to support Open Document Architecture (ODA), in particular a converter between ODA and Document Content Architecture (DCA) document formats.

### OfficeVision Family

There were several versions of Office Vision.

OfficeVision/VM ran on IBM's VM operating system and its user interface CMS.

OfficeVison/MVS (OV/MVS) ran on the IBM MVS Operating System on the System/370 and System/390 IBM mainframe computers.

OfficeVision/400 (OV/400) ran on the IBM AS/400 midrange (mini) system.

As said earlier, all this versions were derived from different systems sharing no common code, only shared a common name.

In general an OfficeVision system (which ever the platform) provided e-mail, shared calendars, and shared document storage and management, and it provided the ability to integrate word processing applications such as Displaywrite/370 and/or the Document Composition Facility (DCF/SCRIPT). IBM introduced the OfficeVision name in their May 1989 announcement, followed by several other key releases later.

### OfficeVision/VM for Asian countries

OfficeVision/VM for the Far Eastern languages of Japanese, Korean and Chinese, had a different evolution.

It originated from IBM Office and Document Control System (ODPS), a DBCS-enabled porting from PROFS, plus document edit, store and search functions, similar to Displaywrite/370. It was an integrated office system for the Asian languages, that ran on IBM's mainframe computers under VM, offering such functions as email, calendar, and document processing and storing. IBM ODPS was later renamed as IBM OfficeVision/VM and its MVS version (using DISOSS) was not offered. After IBM's buyout of Lotus Development in 1995, the ODPS users were recommended to migrate to Lotus Notes.

IBM ODPS was developed in IBM Tokyo Programming Center, located in Kawasaki, Japan, later absorbed into IBM Yamato Development Laboratory, in conjunction with IBM Dallas Programming Center in Westlake, Texas, U.S., where PROFS was developed, and other programming centers. It first became available in 1986 for Japanese, and then was translated into Korean by IBM Korea and into Traditional Chinese by IBM Taiwan. It was not translated into Simplified Chinese for mainland China.

IBM ODPS consisted of four software components:

* The Office Support Program, or OFSP, was PROFS enabled to process the Double Byte Character Set of the Asian languages and added some more functions. It could handle email, address, scheduling, storing/search/distribution of documents, and switch to PROFS in English.
* The Document Composition Program, or DCP, was a porting from Document Composition Facility, enabled for processing the Double Byte Character Sets with additional functions. It allowed preparation and printing of documents, with a SCRIPT-type editing method.
* The Document Composition Program/Workstation allowed preparation of documents on IBM 5550, PS/55 and other "workstations" (personal computers), that offered IBM Kanji System functions.
* The Facsimile Program offered sending/receiving of facsimile data.

### OfficeVision/2

With the advent of the personal computer and the client–server paradigm changed the way organizations looked at office automation. In particular, office users wanted graphical user interfaces. Thus e-mail applications with PC clients became more popular.

IBM's initial answer was OfficeVision/2, which was released alon side its new generation of computers including PS/2, AS/400 and ES/390, which was a server-requestor system designed to be the strategic implementation of IBM's Systems Application Architecture.

The server, as said could run on the OS/2, VM, MVS (XA or ESA), or OS/400 operating systems, while the requester required OS/2 Extended Edition running on IBM PS/2 personal computers, or DOS. IBM also developed OfficeVision/2 LAN for workgroups, which failed to find market acceptance and was withdrawn in 1992.

IBM originally intended to deliver the Workplace Shell as part of the OfficeVision/2 LAN product, but in 1991 announced plans to release it as part of OS/2 2.0 instead:

> IBM last week said some features originally scheduled to ship in OfficeVision/2 LAN will be bundled into the current release of the product, while others will be either integrated into OS/2 or delayed indefinitely... IBM's Workplace Shell, an enhanced graphical user interface, is being lifted from OfficeVision/2 LAN to be included in OS/2 2.0... The shell offers the capability to trigger processes by dragging and dropping icons on the desktop, such as dropping a file into an electronic wastebasket. Porting that feature to the operating system will let any application take advantage of the interface.

## Migration to Lotus Notes

With the advent of Lotus Notes and Lotus cc:Mail as an OfficeVision/2 replacement, IBM began to resell it. Ultimately, IBM solved its OfficeVision problems through the hostile takeover of Lotus Software for its Lotus Notes product, one of the two most popular products for business e-mail and calendaring.

Users of IBM OfficeVision included the New York State Legislature and the European Patent Office.

IBM discontinued support of OfficeVision/VM as of October 6, 2003. IBM recommended that its OfficeVision/VM customers migrate to Lotus Notes and Lotus Domino environments, and IBM offered migration tools and services to assist. Guy Dehond, one of the beta-testers of the AS/400, developed the first migration tool. However, OfficeVision/MVS remained available for sale until March 2014, and was still supported until May 2015, and thus for a time was another migration option for OfficeVision/VM users. OfficeVision/MVS runs on IBM's z/OS operating system.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

IBM OfficeVision
| Original author(s) | IBM |
| --- | --- |
| Initial release | May 1989 |
|  | |
| Final release | 4 / 2003 |
|  | |
| Operating system | VM, MVS, OS/400, OS/2 |
| Type | Productivity software |
| License | Proprietary commercial software |


title: Həkəri, Zangilan

abstract: Həkəri (Hakari) is a village in the Zangilan District of Azerbaijan. On 20 October 2020 President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev announced that the village had been recaptured by the Azerbaijani forces.

text:
# Həkəri, Zangilan

**Həkəri** (*Hakari*) is a village in the Zangilan District of Azerbaijan. On 20 October 2020 President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev announced that the village had been recaptured by the Azerbaijani forces.

## InfoBox

| Həkəri | |
| --- | --- |
| Həkəri | |
| Coordinates: 39°07′38″N 46°48′48″E / 39.12722°N 46.81333°E / 39.12722; 46.81333 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| District | Zangilan |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) |


title: Lyman K. Bass

abstract: Lyman Kidder Bass was an American lawyer, politician, U.S. Representative from New York, and the 16th District Attorney of Erie County, New York.

text:
# Lyman K. Bass

**Lyman Kidder Bass** (November 13, 1836  May 11, 1889) was an American lawyer, politician, U.S. Representative from New York, and the 16th District Attorney of Erie County, New York.

## Early life

Born in the town of Alden, New York, Bass attended the common schools and was graduated from Union College, Schenectady, New York, in 1856. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1858. He commenced practice in Buffalo, New York.

## Career

In 1865, Bass ran against Grover Cleveland and was narrowly elected district attorney for Erie County. He served in this role from 1866 to 1871. He was renominated in 1871, but declined to accept. In 1870, he was an unsuccessful Republican candidate for election to the Forty-second Congress.

Bass was elected as a Republican U. S. Representative for the thirty-first district of New York to the Forty-third; and as Representative for the thirty-second district to the Forty-fourth Congresses. He served from March 4, 1873 to March 3, 1877. Because of ill health, he declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1876.

While in congress, Bass made a name for himself while serving on the House Committee on Expenditures in the War Department. During his time on the committee, it looked into spending by Secretary of War William Worth Belknap. In addition, Bass served on the Committee on Railways and Canals as well as the Joint Select Committee to Inquire into the Affairs of the District of Columbia. On June 22, 1874, President Ulysses S. Grant nominated Bass to be Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. He was confirmed by the Senate, but declined the position.

After moving to Colorado Springs, Colorado, in 1877, Bass was asked to be an associate counsel by the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad Co. Bass worked on a case against the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway regarding the right of way through the Arkansas Canon on the route from Denver to Leadville. The case went to the U.S. Supreme Court and was won due to Bass' argument. He was then appointed chief counsel of the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad Co. and principal counsel of the Mexican National Railway.

## Personal life

He married Frances Esther Metcalfe, a daughter of James Harvey Metcalfe and Erzelia Frances (née Stetson) Metcalfe. She was also the sister of critic James Stetson Metcalfe. Before his early death, they were the parents of one child:

Bass died of consumption, in New York City's Buckingham Hotel on May 11, 1889. He is interred at Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo, New York. After his death, his widow married U.S. Senator from Colorado, Edward O. Wolcott.

## InfoBox

| Lyman Kidder Bass | |
| --- | --- |
| From the May 19, 1889 edition of the *Buffalo Courier Express* | |
|  | |
| Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from New York | |
| **In office**
March 4, 1873  March 3, 1877 | |
| Preceded by | Walter L. Sessions |
| Succeeded by | Daniel N. Lockwood |
| Constituency | 31st district (1873–75)
32nd district (1875–77) |
| 16th District Attorney of Erie County, New York | |
| **In office**
January 1, 1866  December 31, 1871 | |
| Preceded by | Cyrenius C. Torrance |
| Succeeded by | Benjamin H. Williams |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | November 13, 1836 (1836-11-13)
Alden, New York |
| Died | May 11, 1889 (1889-05-12) (aged 52)
New York, New York |
| Citizenship | United States |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Frances Esther Metcalfe |
| Children | Lyman Metcalfe Bass |
| Alma mater | Union College |
| Profession | Attorney |
|  | |