title: Edward Compton (cricketer)

abstract: Edward Denison Compton played first-class cricket for Somerset and Oxford University between 1894 and 1907. He was born at Frome, Somerset and died at Rye, East Sussex. Compton was the 11th child of the Rev Thomas Hoyle Compton and his wife, the former Eliza Sarah Winzar, and was educated at Lancing College and Keble College, Oxford. As a cricketer, Compton was a lower-order batsman and a wicketkeeper. He played for Somerset in one match in 1894 and two more in 1895, making little impression. At Oxford University, he won a blue for soccer in 1895-96, but had only two first-class cricket matches for the university team, in one of which he scored an unbeaten 22, his highest first-class score. From 1897 to 1902 he played Minor Counties cricket for Oxfordshire, and from 1903 to 1908 he played minor matches for MCC. He returned, 11 years after his previous first-class game, for a single final match for Somerset in 1907, against Sussex at Hastings. Compton married Annie Maude May in 1900. She died in 1952.

text:
# Edward Compton (cricketer)

**Edward Denison Compton** (11 April 1872 – 11 October 1940) played first-class cricket for Somerset and Oxford University between 1894 and 1907. He was born at Frome, Somerset and died at Rye, East Sussex.

Compton was the 11th child (of 17) of the Rev Thomas Hoyle Compton and his wife, the former Eliza Sarah Winzar, and was educated at Lancing College and Keble College, Oxford. As a cricketer, Compton was a lower-order batsman and a wicketkeeper. He played for Somerset in one match in 1894 and two more in 1895, making little impression. At Oxford University, he won a blue for soccer in 1895-96, but had only two first-class cricket matches for the university team, in one of which he scored an unbeaten 22, his highest first-class score. From 1897 to 1902 he played Minor Counties cricket for Oxfordshire, and from 1903 to 1908 he played minor matches for MCC. He returned, 11 years after his previous first-class game, for a single final match for Somerset in 1907, against Sussex at Hastings.

Compton married Annie Maude May in 1900. She died in 1952.

## InfoBox

Edward Compton
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Edward Denison Compton |
| Born | (1872-04-11)11 April 1872
Frome, Somerset, England |
| Died | 11 October 1940(1940-10-11) (aged 68)
Rye, East Sussex, England |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Role | Wicketkeeper |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1894–1907 | Somerset |
| 1896 | Oxford University |
|  | |
| First-class debut | 14 June 1894 Somerset v Gloucestershire |
| Last First-class | 26 July 1907 Somerset v Sussex |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class  Matches 6  Runs scored 51  Batting average 7.28  100s/50s –/–  Top score 22  Balls bowled   Wickets   Bowling average   5 wickets in innings   10 wickets in match   Best bowling   Catches/stumpings 4/1 | |
|  | |
| Source: CricketArchive, 26 March 2011 | |


title: Andrzej Kosztowniak

abstract: Andrzej Tomasz Kosztowniak is a Polish politician. He is a member of the Law and Justice party and was the mayor of Radom from November 2006 to November 2014, when he was succeeded by Radosław Witkowski.

text:
# Andrzej Kosztowniak

**Andrzej Tomasz Kosztowniak** (born 31 March 1976) is a Polish politician. He is a member of the Law and Justice party and was the mayor of Radom from November 2006 to November 2014, when he was succeeded by Radosław Witkowski.

## Biography

Kosztowniak was born on 31 March 1976 in Radom, Poland and attended the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University.

On 27 November 2023, he was appointed minister of finance in Mateusz Morawiecki's third government.

## InfoBox

| Andrzej Kosztowniak | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Minister of Finance | |
| **In office**
27 November 2023  13 December 2023 | |
| Prime Minister | Mateusz Morawiecki |
| Preceded by | Magdalena Rzeczkowska |
| Succeeded by | Andrzej Domański |
| Mayor of Radom | |
| **In office**
30 November 2006  30 November 2014 | |
| Preceded by | Zdzisław Marcinkowski |
| Succeeded by | Radosław Witkowski |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1976-03-31) 31 March 1976
Radom, Poland |
| Political party | Law and Justice |
| Spouse | Małgorzata Kosztowniak |
| Children | Piotr and Aleksandra Kosztowniak |
| Alma mater | Maria Curie-Skłodowska University |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Website | www.kosztowniak.radom.pl/ |
|  | |


title: Andrzej Kossakowski

abstract: Andrzej Marek Kossakowski was a Polish theoretical physicist and a professor at the Nicolaus Copernicus University. He was best known for his work on open quantum systems.

text:
# Andrzej Kossakowski

**Andrzej Marek Kossakowski** (20 February 1938 – 31 January 2021) was a Polish theoretical physicist and a professor at the Nicolaus Copernicus University. He was best known for his work on open quantum systems.

## Education

Andrzej Kossakowski was born on 20 February 1938 in Lwów, Poland (now Lviv, in Ukraine). He attended a primary and secondary school in Sopot.

In the years 1955-1960, he studied physics at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. Right after graduation, he got a job at the same university, first as an assistant, then as a senior assistant in 1962. In 1966, he defended his PhD thesis titled *On the entropy increase law in informational thermodynamics of density operators*, written under the supervision of Roman Stanisław Ingarden during the scientific internship in the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Wrocław in the academic year 1964/1965.

## Academic career

In 1967, Kossakowski was employed at the Nicolaus Copernicus University as an Assistant professor. In 1971, he was habilitated with a thesis titled *Informational decision scheme in statistical quantum mechanics*. He was promoted to docent in 1972, and after three years he became an associate director of the Institute of Physics in didactics. He became a full professor in 1992.

Andrzej Kossakowski lectured at the universities in Stuttgart (1973) Austin (1974), Milan (1975), Essen (1989), Leuven (1991), Naples, Santiago de Chile, and Tokyo.

He died in Toruń on 31 January 2021.

## Recognition

In 2019, Kossakowski received the Prize of the Foundation for Polish Science in the field of mathematics, physics, and engineering for his works on the theory of open quantum systems.

## Most influential publications

* Gorini, V.; Kossakowski, A.; Sudarshan, E.C.G. (1976). "Completely positive semigroups of N-level systems". *J. Math. Phys*. **17** (5): 821. Bibcode:1976JMP....17..821G. doi:10.1063/1.522979.

## InfoBox

| Andrzej Marek Kossakowski | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1938-02-20)20 February 1938
Lviv, Second Polish Republic |
| Died | 31 January 2021(2021-01-31) (aged 82)
Toruń, Poland |
| Citizenship | Polish |
| Alma mater | Nicolaus Copernicus University |
| Known for | Lindbladian |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Quantum informatics, Theoretical physics |
|  | |


title: Edwin Thanhouser

abstract: Edwin Thanhouser was an American actor, businessman, and film producer. He was most notable as a founder of the Thanhouser Company, which was one of the first motion picture studios. His wife Gertrude Thanhouser and brother-in-law Lloyd Lonergan were co-founders.

text:
# Edwin Thanhouser

**Edwin Thanhouser** (November 11, 1865 – March 21, 1956) was an American actor, businessman, and film producer. He was most notable as a founder of the Thanhouser Company, which was one of the first motion picture studios. His wife Gertrude Thanhouser and brother-in-law Lloyd Lonergan were co-founders.

## Biography

Thanhouser was born in Baltimore, Maryland. In 1893, he joined the traveling company of Alessandro Salvini. After Salvini's unexpected death in 1896, Thanhouser managed the Academy Theater in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, for the Shubert family and then the Bush Temple Theater in Chicago, Illinois. He formed a stock company that put on hundreds of theatrical productions.

On February 8, 1900, Thanhouser married actress Gertrude Homan.

In 1909, Thanhouser and his family moved to New Rochelle, New York, where he leased space in an old wooden skating rink to start the Thanhouser Company. This pioneering movie studio released its first commercial film on March 15, 1910.

Thanhouser brought actress Florence La Badie to the company in 1911. From 1911 to 1917, she was the company's most prominent star. In 1912, he sold the film company to group headed by Charles J. Hite. Early in 1915, after Hite's death in an accident, Thanhouser took charge of the company again, but was not as successful as he had been before. The Thanhouser Film Corporation was liquidated in 1920.

Edwin Thanhouser engaged in securities investments and collected art in his later years. He died March 21, 1956.

1. Alessandro Salvini; findagrave.com
2. "Thanhouser Films 2.1".
3. Slide, Anthony. *The New Historical Dictionary of the American Film Industry*. Routledge (2014) ISBN 9781135925611

## InfoBox

| Edwin Thanhouser | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1865-11-11)November 11, 1865
Baltimore, Maryland |
| Died | March 21, 1956(1956-03-21) (aged 90)
New York City |
| Years active | 1910–1917 |
| Spouse | Gertrude Thanhouser |


title: Edwin Thacker

abstract: Edwin Thomas Thacker was a South African athlete who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was born in Germiston. In 1936 he finished twelfth in the Olympic high jump event. At the 1934 Empire Games he won the gold medal high jump competition. Four years later at the 1938 Empire Games he won the gold medal in the high jump contest again.

text:
# Edwin Thacker

**Edwin Thomas Thacker** (24 July 1913  4 August 1974) was a South African athlete who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.

He was born in Germiston.

In 1936 he finished twelfth in the Olympic high jump event.

At the 1934 Empire Games he won the gold medal high jump competition. Four years later at the 1938 Empire Games he won the gold medal in the high jump contest again.

* Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Edwin Thacker". *Olympics at Sports-Reference.com*. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020.

## InfoBox

Edwin Thacker
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Men's athletics | | |
| Representing  South Africa | | |
| British Empire Games | | |
|  | 1934 London | High jump |
|  | 1938 Sydney | High jump |


title: Edward Wetherill

abstract: Edward Wetherill (1821–1908) was a prominent abolitionist in Philadelphia, a staunch Quaker, son of John Wetherill and Susan Garrison and grandson of Samuel Wetherill founder of the Free Quakers. He, along with his family and wife, Anna Thorpe Wetherill, helped African-American slaves escape from the South and found work for them in the North from the 1850s through the Civil War. Their homes, at 911 Clinton St. in the Washington Square West section of Philadelphia and at Chalkley Hall, an English Georgian-style country manor on the outskirts of Philadelphia in Frankford, were used as shelters along the Underground Railroad. Edward's father, John Wetherill purchased Chalkley Hall in 1817 and both Edward and his siblings were born there. During John Wetherill's time at Chalkley Hall, he hosted many gatherings attended by American leaders and writers, including Thomas Jefferson and John Leaf Whittier, who even wrote a poem about the mansion entitled “Chalkley Hall”. Later, Edward and Anna would host dinners with well-known abolitionists, including Harriet Beecher Stowe, William Lloyd Garrison and Thomas Garrett and leading suffragists like Lucretia Mott and Julia Ward Howe. Towards the turn of the century, the Wetherills vacated the home due to railroad encroachments and donated Chalkley Hall to be used as a country home for a College Settlement for single mothers, children and the poor. Over the years, the home fell into disrepair and eventually, the home was purchased by and demolished in 1954 to expand train lines. Before the home was demolished, several architectural structures were donated to museums, including the stairway between the second and third floors to the State Museum of Pennsylvania and the main granite, iron and wood entry doorway to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The doorway is currently on display in the Met's gallery 756. Of course like all stately homes, it was rumored to have a “little gray lady” ghost roaming its halls. Edward and Anna had five daughters, Edith, Marian, Blanche, Irma and Cora. Marian died by suicide in 1922 and Cora never married. Edith, Irma and Blanche continued their parents' activism and started their own families. Rebecca Wetherill, Edward's sister and a frequent correspondent with Harriet Beecher Stowe, saved family records on Chalkley Hall and their abolitionist activities. She also compiled scrapbooks with tributes to Queen Victoria for Edward's daughter Blanche and they can be found on view at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania in the Edward Wetherill Collection. As a tribute to his abolitionist work, in 1913 a horse fountain was dedicated in his memory and located at the intersection of Clinton and S. 9th Streets in Philadelphia.

text:
# Edward Wetherill

**Edward Wetherill** (1821–1908) was a prominent abolitionist in Philadelphia, a staunch Quaker, son of John Wetherill and Susan Garrison and grandson of Samuel Wetherill founder of the Free Quakers. He, along with his family and wife, Anna Thorpe Wetherill, helped African-American slaves escape from the South and found work for them in the North from the 1850s through the Civil War.

Their homes, at 911 Clinton St. in the Washington Square West section of Philadelphia and at Chalkley Hall, an English Georgian-style country manor on the outskirts of Philadelphia in Frankford, were used as shelters along the Underground Railroad. Edward's father, John Wetherill purchased Chalkley Hall in 1817 and both Edward and his siblings were born there. During John Wetherill's time at Chalkley Hall, he hosted many gatherings attended by American leaders and writers, including Thomas Jefferson and John Leaf Whittier, who even wrote a poem about the mansion entitled “Chalkley Hall”.

Later, Edward and Anna would host dinners with well-known abolitionists, including Harriet Beecher Stowe, William Lloyd Garrison and Thomas Garrett (who helped Harriet Tubman escape) and leading suffragists like Lucretia Mott and Julia Ward Howe.

Towards the turn of the century, the Wetherills vacated the home due to railroad encroachments and donated Chalkley Hall to be used as a country home for a College Settlement for single mothers, children and the poor. Over the years, the home fell into disrepair and eventually, the home was purchased by and demolished in 1954 to expand train lines. Before the home was demolished, several architectural structures were donated to museums, including the stairway between the second and third floors to the State Museum of Pennsylvania and the main granite, iron and wood entry doorway to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The doorway is currently on display in the Met's gallery 756. Of course like all stately homes, it was rumored to have a “little gray lady” ghost roaming its halls.

Edward and Anna had five daughters, Edith, Marian, Blanche, Irma and Cora. Marian died by suicide in 1922 and Cora never married. Edith, Irma and Blanche continued their parents' activism and started their own families. Rebecca Wetherill, Edward's sister and a frequent correspondent with Harriet Beecher Stowe, saved family records on Chalkley Hall and their abolitionist activities. She also compiled scrapbooks with tributes to Queen Victoria for Edward's daughter Blanche and they can be found on view at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania in the Edward Wetherill Collection.

As a tribute to his abolitionist work, in 1913 a horse fountain was dedicated in his memory and located at the intersection of Clinton and S. 9th Streets in Philadelphia.

## InfoBox

| Edward Wetherill | |
| --- | --- |
| portrait by George Hewitt Cushman, Wetherill's brother in law | |
|  | |
| Died | 2 October 1908 |
| Occupation | Abolitionist |


title: Edwin Chesley Estes Lord

abstract: Edwin Chesley Estes Lord was an American geologist and petrographer.

text:
# Edwin Chesley Estes Lord

**Edwin Chesley Estes Lord** (May 7, 1868 – September 25, 1954) was an American geologist and petrographer.

## Biography

Lord was born in Brooklyn, New York on May 7, 1868. He was educated in the public schools of New York City and in Brunswick and Heidelberg, Germany, and in Harvard University, Cambridge. Received the degrees of Ph.D. (Heidelberg) and M.S. (Harvard).

Lord served as field assistant in the United States Geological Survey, 1895–1897, was professor of Geology and mineralogy in Hamilton College, 1899–1900, Austin Teaching Fellow and assistant in mineralogy and petrography, Harvard University, 1900–1901. He was assistant in petrography and chemistry of the United States Department of Agriculture 1901–1904, and was a petrographer in the office of public roads and rural engineering of the United States Department of Agriculture from 1904.

## Works

He published a geological and petrographical paper on igneous rocks from Bavaria, Germany, Mexico, Texas and Maine, 1894–1900. After 1900 has published papers on the petrography of rocks for road building, and the relation of mineral composition and rock structure to the physical properties of road materiala:

* "Bulletins 31 and 37", Office of Public Roads
* "Bulletin 348", United States Department of Agriculture

He also gave a paper on the mineral composition and utilization of blast furnace and other slags, at the Seventh International Congress of Applied Chemistry, 1909.

## Personal life

Edwin married Ellen Sinclair Buck on August 31, 1905. He died on September 25, 1954, in Wilmington, Delaware.

## InfoBox

| Edwin Chesley Estes Lord | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1868-05-07)May 7, 1868
Brooklyn, New Tork |
| Died | September 25, 1954(1954-09-25) (aged 86)
Wilmington, Delaware |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Harvard University
Heidelberg University |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Geology |
|  | |


title: 1967–68 Soviet League season

abstract: The 1967–68 Soviet Championship League season was the 22nd season of the Soviet Championship League, the top level of ice hockey in the Soviet Union. 12 teams participated in the league, and CSKA Moscow won the championship.

text:
# 1967–68 Soviet League season

The **1967–68 Soviet Championship League season** was the 22nd season of the Soviet Championship League, the top level of ice hockey in the Soviet Union. 12 teams participated in the league, and CSKA Moscow won the championship.

## Standings

|  | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF | GA | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | CSKA Moscow | 44 | 39 | 4 | 1 | 278 | 90 | **82** |
| 2. | Spartak Moscow | 44 | 34 | 1 | 9 | 243 | 113 | **69** |
| 3. | Dynamo Moscow | 44 | 28 | 4 | 12 | 182 | 125 | **60** |
| 4. | Khimik Voskresensk | 44 | 21 | 5 | 18 | 147 | 126 | **47** |
| 5. | SKA Leningrad | 44 | 20 | 6 | 18 | 166 | 149 | **46** |
| 6. | Lokomotiv Moscow | 44 | 21 | 4 | 19 | 149 | 151 | **46** |
| 7. | Torpedo Gorky | 44 | 17 | 4 | 23 | 132 | 160 | **38** |
| 8. | Krylya Sovetov Moscow | 44 | 16 | 6 | 22 | 139 | 173 | **38** |
| 9. | Dynamo Kiev | 44 | 14 | 3 | 27 | 130 | 180 | **31** |
| 10. | Sibir Novosibirsk | 44 | 12 | 5 | 27 | 111 | 197 | **29** |
| 11. | Avtomobilist Sverdlovsk | 44 | 8 | 5 | 31 | 121 | 209 | **21** |
| 12. | Metallurg Novokuznetsk | 44 | 7 | 7 | 30 | 96 | 221 | **21** |


title: Allorhizobium vitis

abstract: Allorhizobium vitis is a plant pathogen that infects grapevines. The species is best known for causing a tumor known as crown gall disease. One of the virulent strains, A. vitis S4, is responsible both for crown gall on grapevines and for inducing a hypersensitive response in other plant species. Grapevines that have been affected by crown gall disease produce fewer grapes than unaffected plants. Though not all strains of A. vitis are tumorigenic, most strains can damage plant hosts. A. vitis shares many genetic and morphological characteristics with several Agrobacterium species, including A. tumefaciens. The two species have overlapping host ranges, and both A. vitis and A. tumefaciens may reduce the yield of infected crops. For this reason, research on A. vitis focuses on transmission and methods of control.

text:
# Allorhizobium vitis

***Allorhizobium vitis*** is a plant pathogen that infects grapevines. The species is best known for causing a tumor known as crown gall disease. One of the virulent strains, *A. vitis* S4, is responsible both for crown gall on grapevines and for inducing a hypersensitive response in other plant species. Grapevines that have been affected by crown gall disease produce fewer grapes than unaffected plants. Though not all strains of *A. vitis* are tumorigenic, most strains can damage plant hosts.

*A. vitis* shares many genetic and morphological characteristics with several *Agrobacterium* species, including *A. tumefaciens*. The two species have overlapping host ranges, and both *A. vitis* and *A. tumefaciens* may reduce the yield of infected crops. For this reason, research on *A. vitis* focuses on transmission and methods of control.

## Biology

### Identification

*A. vitis* is a Gram-negative bacterium with a thin peptidoglycan layer in its cell wall. The species is aerobic and mesophilic, with individual cells that are rod-shaped and motile. On culture, colonies are round, white, and translucent.

### Range and environment

The presence of *A. vitis* has been confirmed in Germany, France, Austria, Hungary, South Africa, and the United States. Crown gall disease outbreaks in Europe and North America in the mid-1980s have been linked to *A. vitis*, and the species has continued to survive in those regions. Additionally, a survey conducted in China from 2003 to 2009 identified strains of *A. vitis* on blighted banana plants.

## Genetic traits

### Chromosome and plasmids

The genome of *A. vitis* consists of two circular chromosomes and five plasmids. It is 6.32 Mb long and encodes 5549 proteins. Four rRNA operons have been identified. Tumorigenic strains contain a Ti plasmid (pTi). Ti plasmids in galls produce various opines that are then secreted from the gall. In a vitis, pTi codes for octopine and/or cucumopine. Tumorigenic strains also contain a plasmid that allows the bacterium to utilize tartrate.

### Classification

*A. vitis* was formerly referred to as *Agrobacterium* biovar III. Originally, the species included only biovar III strains found in grape hosts. Since then, *A. vitis* has been redefined to include all biovar III strains. It can be distinguished from biovars I and II, *A. tumefaciens* and *A. rhizogenes*, on the basis of its hosts and pathogenicity. Fatty acid analysis also reveals differences between *A. vitis* and other strains of tumorigenic bacteria.

*A. vitis* has also been classified in the genus *Rhizobium*. A 1999 study suggested that *A. vitis* is more closely related to *Rhizobium galegae* than to other *Agrobacterium* species, based on genetic sequence comparison. In 2001, Young *et al.* proposed that *A. vitis* be reclassified as *Rhizobium vitis*. More recently, *A. vitis* was transferred to the genus *Allorhizobium*.

## Pathogenicity

### Hosts

Grapevines are the plants most commonly infected with *A. vitis*. Though *A. vitis* may cause hypersensitive response in other plant species, crown gall disease induced by tumorigenic *A. vitis* is unique to grapevines. All strains of *A. vitis* induce grape root necrosis. Because *A. vitis* may remain latent, not all infected plants show symptoms.

An intraspecific taxon of *A. vitis* has been isolated from banana leaves in China. *A. vitis* may also infect tomato plants, and has been shown to cause leaf panel collapse in tobacco.

### Transmission

The Ti plasmid is responsible for transmission of crown gall disease in plants infected with *A. vitis*. Tumorigenic *A. vitis* transfers its Ti plasmid to other bacteria, and transfers T-DNA into plants. Virulence genes encoded by the Ti plasmid generate single-strand T-DNA molecules, which in turn are transferred to healthy hosts. Disorganized cell division occurs in infected hosts, leading to gall development instead of the formation of healthy vascular tissue.

Propagation of diseased wood often transmits *A. vitis*. Injuries to a grapevine caused by cutting or freezing may also make the plant more susceptible to crown gall infection. However, galls grow only on trunks or canes, and do not appear on the roots of infected plants.

## In Agriculture

### Crown gall disease

When *A. vitis* causes crown gall disease, several symptoms and tests can be used to identify its presence. On grapevines, young galls appear as soft green bumps, which later become brown and rough. Galls do not appear on all grapevines in which *A. vitis* is present.

Steps can be taken to control crown gall disease and reduce the risk of infection. Injured sites on vines, such as those caused by freezing or cutting injuries, are especially susceptible to infection. Planting in frost-prone areas or areas with poor drainage should therefore be avoided. Reducing other grapevine stressors, such as nutrient deprivation and low soil pH, also limits susceptibility. Additionally, some cultivars are resistant to crown gall disease. *Vitis vinifera* is generally susceptible to crown gall disease, but resistant grape species can be planted preferentially.

### Other diseases

Grape necrosis is a common symptom of *A. vitis* infection, caused by both tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic bacteria strains. Tobacco leaf panel collapse can be induced by the non-tumorigenic F2/5 strain of *A. vitis*. While the strain of *A. vitis* found in grapevines, *A. vitis pv. vitis*, is responsible for most diseases, banana leaf blights have been linked to *A. vitis pv. musae*.

### Nonpathogenic strains

Strains of bacteria can be used as biological control agents to limit the growth of pathogenic *A. vitis*. Grapevine roots that have been soaked in a suspension containing the inhibitory strain are less susceptible than those that have not. Several ACC deaminase-producing species found in the rhizosphere inhibit *A. vitis* tumor production in tomato plants. Non-tumorigenic strains of *A. vitis* (F2/5, ARK-1, and VAR03-1) have been shown to limit crown gall formation. In investigations involving these strains, F2/5 still induced necrosis but ARK-1 did not.

## Further reading

Kawaguchi, Akira (31 July 2014). "Reduction in Pathogen Populations at Grapevine Wound Sites is Associated with the Mechanism Underlying the Biological Control of Crown Gall by Rhizobium vitis Strain ARK-1". *Microbes and Environments*. **29** (3): 296–302. doi:10.1264/jsme2.ME14059. PMC 4159041. PMID 25077443.

Medina-Bolivar, Fabricio (4 December 2013). "Antioxidant Activity of Selected Stilbenoids and Their Bioproduction in Hairy Root Cultures of Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.)". *Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry*. **61** (48): 11744–11758. doi:10.1021/jf400760k. PMID 23668830.

## InfoBox

| *Allorhizobium vitis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Alphaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Hyphomicrobiales |
| Family: | Rhizobiaceae |
| Genus: | *Allorhizobium* |
| Species: | ***A. vitis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Allorhizobium vitis***<br>(Ophel and Kerr 1990) Mousavi *et al*. 2016 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Agrobacterium vitis* Ophel and Kerr 1990 * *Rhizobium vitis* (Ophel and Kerr 1990) Young *et al*. 2001 | |


title: 1949–50 Port Vale F.C. season

text:
# 1949–50 Port Vale F.C. season

The 1949–50 season was Port Vale's 38th season of football in the English Football League, and their fifth full season in the Third Division South. It was the last season to be played at The Old Recreation Ground – despite numerous clashes with the authorities over the construction of the new stadium. The sale of Ronnie Allen raised a massive £20,000.

## Overview

### Third Division South

The pre-season saw the arrival of experienced full-back Lol Hamlett from Bolton Wanderers, young keeper Ray King from Leyton Orient (brother of George). On his arrival King stated that The Old Recreation Ground was like 'some shanty town out west' and compared the dressing room to 'a dungeon', despite which somehow he 'felt completely at home'. The playing staff now stood at 59 amateurs and 27 full-time professionals.

The season opened with a 1–0 win over Bristol Rovers, which was followed by a 1–0 reverse to Southend United at Roots Hall three days later. This loss was thanks to an own goal from Garth Butler, who put the ball into his own net despite being some distance from any Southend players. A seven match unbeaten run followed, built upon a defence that leaked just five goals, King and Hamlett settling in well. Bad news off the field returned however, when Stoke-on-Trent City Council rejected the club's application to move two stands from *The Old Rec* to the new stadium. As a result, the club set up a 100,000 Shilling Fund to build the two stands from scratch. On the pitch results began to turn against the "Valiants", and so striker Cliff Pinchbeck was signed from Brighton & Hove Albion for a £3,500 fee. Pinchbeck marked his debut with a hat-trick over Millwall, receiving a standing ovation from his new fans. More off-field stadium troubles came when the Regional Officer of the Minister of Works refused a licence for the stadium on unspecified grounds. Club officials were forced to travel to London to discuss the matter with the minister, eventually convincing him to change his mind. The home match with Newport County on 15 October was notable as the first Vale match to offer a matchday programme.

A successful Christmas period took Vale into sixth place by mid-February. George King was then sold to Barrow for a four-figure fee, after which Pinchbeck was the only regular scorer. Six games without a win followed, ending the club's hopes of opening the new stadium in the Second Division. The Shilling Fund had only raised 17,738 shillings. So Ronnie Allen was sold to top-flight West Bromwich Albion for a massive £20,000, smashing the club's transfer record. Allen went on to play for England, whilst the fee went towards the new ground. Back to the league, the Vale were seventh at the start of April, but six defeats in their final eight games saw them tumble down the table.

They finished in thirteenth place with 41 points. The defence was the third strongest in the division. However, only Watford scored fewer goals. Pinchbeck was the only goalscorer of any consistency.

### Finances

On the financial side, a profit of £10,671 was made, another record: this was due to the sale of Allen, which gave them a transfer credit of £15,000. The wage bill had risen by £6,000 to £22,333, whereas gate receipts had risen by around £3,000 to £29,050. Eric Eastwood was the only major departure of the summer. Trouble with the new ground continued, as the Regional Officer of the Ministry of Works refused to permit the transfer of the stand from the old to the new stadium, despite having approved similar procedures at Liverpool and Millwall. Chairman William Holdcroft felt this was unfair and was supported by Stoke-on-Trent North MP Albert Davies. Despite this set-back the stadium was opened on 2 August in a ceremony attended by 12,000 rain-soaked people.

### Cup competitions

In the FA Cup, Vale progressed past Athenian League amateurs Wealdstone and Tranmere Rovers of the Third Division North with 1–0 home wins. Beating Newport County at Somerton Park with a Ronnie Allen brace, they came up against First Division Burnley in the Fourth Round at Turf Moor. There, they lost 2–1 in front of 49,692 spectators – including 12,000 Vale fans.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GAv | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 11 | Norwich City | 42 | 16 | 10 | 16 | 65 | 63 | 1.032 | 42 |
| 12 | Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic | 42 | 16 | 10 | 16 | 57 | 56 | 1.018 | 42 |
| 13 | Port Vale | 42 | 15 | 11 | 16 | 47 | 42 | 1.119 | 41 |
| 14 | Swindon Town | 42 | 15 | 11 | 16 | 59 | 62 | 0.952 | 41 |
| 15 | Bristol City | 42 | 15 | 10 | 17 | 60 | 61 | 0.984 | 40 |

Source:

## Results

*Port Vale's score comes first*

### Football League Third Division South

#### Results by matchday

| Round | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ground | H | A | A | H | H | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | A | A | H | H | A | A | H | A | H | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | H | A | A | H | H | A | H | A | A |
| Result | W | L | D | D | W | D | W | D | L | W | W | W | L | W | L | W | D | L | L | D | W | D | W | W | L | W | D | L | D | D | L | L | W | W | L | L | L | W | D | L | L | L |
| Position | 1 | 9 | 12 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 9 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 10 | 11 | 13 |

Source: Statto
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss

#### Matches

| Date | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20 August 1949 | Bristol Rovers | H | 1–0 | 15,097 | Allen |
| 23 August 1949 | Southend United | A | 0–1 | 9,434 |  |
| 27 August 1949 | Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic | A | 2–2 | 19,101 | King (2) |
| 29 August 1949 | Southend United | H | 0–0 | 14,686 |  |
| 3 September 1949 | Crystal Palace | H | 2–0 | 13,788 | Martin (2) |
| 5 September 1949 | Ipswich Town | H | 2–2 | 12,297 | Martin, Cheadle |
| 10 September 1949 | Watford | A | 2–0 | 10,583 | King, Aveyard |
| 17 September 1949 | Reading | H | 1–1 | 12,948 | o.g. |
| 24 September 1949 | Leyton Orient | A | 0–1 | 15,698 |  |
| 1 October 1949 | Exeter City | H | 1–0 | 11,499 | Martin |
| 8 October 1949 | Norwich City | A | 1–0 | 26,831 | Allen |
| 15 October 1949 | Newport County | H | 1–0 | 12,599 | Allen |
| 22 October 1949 | Bristol City | A | 0–2 | 19,855 |  |
| 29 October 1949 | Brighton & Hove Albion | H | 3–0 | 11,189 | Aveyard, Allen, Barber |
| 5 November 1949 | Walsall | A | 0–1 | 9,605 |  |
| 12 November 1949 | Millwall | H | 4–0 | 12,918 | Pinchbeck (3), Aveyard |
| 19 November 1949 | Swindon Town | A | 0–0 | 9,039 |  |
| 3 December 1949 | Aldershot | A | 0–1 | 4,043 |  |
| 17 December 1949 | Bristol Rovers | A | 1–2 | 10,105 | Palk |
| 24 December 1949 | Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic | H | 1–1 | 13,092 | Pinchbeck |
| 26 December 1949 | Northampton Town | H | 3–1 | 17,212 | Pinchbeck (2), Martin |
| 27 December 1949 | Northampton Town | A | 1–1 | 19,263 | Martin |
| 31 December 1949 | Crystal Palace | A | 1–0 | 12,609 | Pinchbeck |
| 14 January 1950 | Watford | H | 2–0 | 17,387 | Allen, Pinchbeck |
| 21 January 1950 | Reading | A | 1–2 | 11,284 | Pinchbeck |
| 4 February 1950 | Leyton Orient | H | 2–0 | 14,176 | Allen, Martin |
| 11 February 1950 | Nottingham Forest | H | 1–1 | 18,218 | Pinchbeck |
| 18 February 1950 | Exeter City | A | 1–3 | 9,632 | Pinchbeck |
| 25 February 1950 | Norwich City | H | 2–2 | 11,204 | Hayward, Palk |
| 4 March 1950 | Newport County | A | 1–1 | 8,762 | Aveyard |
| 11 March 1950 | Bristol City | H | 0–2 | 11,444 |  |
| 18 March 1950 | Brighton & Hove Albion | A | 1–2 | 11,852 | Aveyard |
| 25 March 1950 | Walsall | H | 2–0 | 9,763 | Aveyard, Pinchbeck |
| 27 March 1950 | Torquay United | H | 2–0 | 8,496 | Hulligan, Potts |
| 1 April 1950 | Millwall | A | 0–3 | 18,088 |  |
| 7 April 1950 | Notts County | A | 1–3 | 32,097 | Palk |
| 8 April 1950 | Swindon Town | H | 0–1 | 9,607 |  |
| 10 April 1950 | Notts County | H | 3–1 | 15,380 | Pinchbeck (2), Hulligan |
| 15 April 1950 | Torquay United | A | 0–0 | 8,037 |  |
| 22 April 1950 | Aldershot | H | 0–1 | 9,645 |  |
| 29 April 1950 | Nottingham Forest | A | 0–2 | 5,906 |  |
| 6 May 1950 | Ipswich Town | A | 1–2 | 12,451 | McGarry |

### FA Cup

| Round | Date | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Goalscorers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| R1 | 26 November 1949 | Wealdstone | H | 1–0 | 14,935 | Pinchbeck |
| R2 | 10 December 1949 | Tranmere Rovers | H | 1–0 | 14,716 | Pinchbeck |
| R3 | 7 January 1950 | Newport County | A | 2–1 | 17,781 | Allen (2) |
| R4 | 28 January 1950 | Burnley | A | 1–2 | 49,692 | Martin |

## Player statistics

### Appearances and goals

| Pos. | Name | Football League | | FA Cup | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| GK | George Heppell | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| GK | Ray King | 39 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 43 | 0 |
| DF | Basil Hayward | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| DF | Tommy Cheadle | 42 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 46 | 1 |
| DF | Garth Butler | 39 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 43 | 0 |
| DF | Reg Potts | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
| DF | Jim Elsby | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| DF | Lol Hamlett | 40 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 44 | 0 |
| MF | Jimmy Todd | 37 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 41 | 0 |
| MF | Alan Martin | 24 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 28 | 8 |
| MF | Bill McGarry | 42 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 46 | 1 |
| MF | Mick Hulligan | 38 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 42 | 2 |
| MF | Alan Bennett | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| MF | Norman Hallam | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| MF | Colin Askey | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| FW | Ronnie Allen | 27 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 31 | 8 |
| FW | Pat Raftery | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| FW | George King | 8 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 3 |
| FW | Stan Palk | 42 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 46 | 3 |
| FW | Walter Aveyard | 23 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 6 |
| FW | Cliff Pinchbeck | 27 | 14 | 4 | 2 | 31 | 16 |
| FW | Ken Griffiths | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| FW | Len Barber | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1 |
|

### Top scorers

| Place | Position | Nation | Name | Third Division South | FA Cup | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | FW | England | Cliff Pinchbeck | 14 | 2 | 16 |
| 2 | MF | England | Alan Martin | 7 | 1 | 8 |
|  | FW | England | Ronnie Allen | 6 | 2 | 8 |
| 4 | FW | England | Walter Aveyard | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 5 | FW | England | Stan Palk | 3 | 0 | 3 |
|  | FW | England | George King | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 7 | MF | England | Mick Hulligan | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 8 | FW | England | Len Barber | 1 | 0 | 1 |
|  | DF | England | Basil Hayward | 1 | 0 | 1 |
|  | DF | England | Reg Potts | 1 | 0 | 1 |
|  | DF | England | Tommy Cheadle | 1 | 0 | 1 |
|  | MF | England | Bill McGarry | 1 | 0 | 1 |
|  |  |  | Own goals | 1 | 0 | 1 |
|  | | | **TOTALS** | **47** | **5** | **52** |

## Transfers

### Transfers in

| Date from | Position | Nationality | Name | From | Fee | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| May 1949 | DF |  | John Abbotts | Ravenscliffe | Free transfer |  |
| May 1949 | GK |  | Ray King | Ashington | Free transfer |  |
| May 1949 | DF |  | Lol Hamlett | Bolton Wanderers | Free transfer |  |
| July 1949 | DF |  | Roy Sproson | Stoke City | Free transfer |  |
| November 1949 | FW |  | Cliff Pinchbeck | Brighton & Hove Albion | £3,500 |  |
| February 1950 | FW |  | Ken Griffiths | Northwood Mission | Free transfer |  |
| February 1950 | MF |  | Albert Leake | Stoke City | Free transfer |  |
| March 1950 | FW |  | Roland Lewis | Congleton Town | Free transfer |  |

### Transfers out

| Date from | Position | Nationality | Name | To | Fee | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| November 1949 | MF |  | Bernard Jones | Winsford United | Free transfer |  |
| February 1950 | FW |  | George King | Barrow | 'four-figure fee' |  |
| February 1950 | FW |  | Pat Raftery | Wellington Town | Free transfer |  |
| March 1950 | FW |  | Ronnie Allen | West Bromwich Albion | £20,000 |  |
| April 1950 | DF |  | Eric Eastwood |  | Released |  |
| April 1950 | MF |  | Wilf Smith | Buxton | Free transfer |  |

Specific General

## InfoBox

Port Vale
| 1949–50 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Chairman | William Holdcroft |
| Manager | Gordon Hodgson |
| Stadium | The Old Recreation Ground |
| Football League Third Division South | 13th (41 Points) |
| FA Cup | Fourth Round
(knocked out by Burnley) |
| Top goalscorer | League: Cliff Pinchbeck (14)
All: Cliff Pinchbeck (16) |
| Highest home attendance | 18,218 vs. Nottingham Forest, 11 February 1950 |
| Lowest home attendance | 8,496 vs. Torquay United, 27 March 1950 |
| Average home league attendance | 12,983 |
| Biggest win | 4–0 vs. Millwall, 12 November 1949 |
| Biggest defeat | 0–3 vs. Millwall, 1 April 1950 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Aithadi

abstract: Aithadi is a village in Chandpur District in the Chittagong Division of eastern Bangladesh.

text:
# Aithadi

**Aithadi** is a village in Chandpur District in the Chittagong Division of eastern Bangladesh.

## InfoBox

| Aithadi | |
| --- | --- |
| AithadiLocation in Bangladesh | |
| Coordinates: 23°24′N 90°38′E / 23.400°N 90.633°E / 23.400; 90.633 | |
| Country | Bangladesh |
| Division | Chittagong Division |
| District | Chandpur District |
| Time zone | UTC+6 (Bangladesh Time) |


title: 1942 Uruguayan Primera División

text:
# 1942 Uruguayan Primera División

Statistics of Primera División Uruguaya for the 1942 season.

## Overview

It was contested by 10 teams, and Nacional won the championship.

## League standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Nacional | 18 | 13 | 2 | 3 | 59 | 24 | +35 | 28 |
| 2 | Peñarol | 18 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 43 | 22 | +21 | 25 |
| 3 | Montevideo Wanderers | 18 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 24 | 21 | +3 | 22 |
| 4 | Sud América | 18 | 9 | 2 | 7 | 35 | 29 | +6 | 20 |
| 5 | Rampla Juniors | 18 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 27 | 29 | 2 | 18 |
| 6 | Liverpool | 18 | 7 | 3 | 8 | 31 | 34 | 3 | 17 |
| 7 | Racing Montevideo | 18 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 28 | 38 | 10 | 16 |
| 8 | Central | 18 | 7 | 1 | 10 | 31 | 39 | 8 | 15 |
| 9 | Defensor | 18 | 3 | 5 | 10 | 29 | 49 | 20 | 11 |
| 10 | River Plate | 18 | 2 | 4 | 12 | 17 | 39 | 22 | 8 |

Source: rsssf.com

## InfoBox

Uruguayan Primera División
| Nacional, champions | |
| --- | --- |
| Season | 1942 |
| Champions | Nacional (17th. title) |
| 1941 1943 | |


title: Andrzej Grzesik

abstract: Andrzej Marek Grzesik is a Polish politician. He was elected to Sejm on 25 September 2005, getting 9501 votes in 28 Częstochowa district as a candidate from Samoobrona Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej list. He was also a member of Sejm 2001-2005.

text:
# Andrzej Grzesik

**Andrzej Marek Grzesik** (born 4 January 1967) is a Polish politician. He was elected to Sejm on 25 September 2005, getting 9501 votes in 28 Częstochowa district as a candidate from Samoobrona Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej list.

He was also a member of Sejm 2001-2005.

## InfoBox

| Andrzej Grzesik | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| member of Sejm 2005-2007 | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
25 September 2005 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 4 January 1967 (1967-01-04) (age 57)
Lubliniec |
| Nationality | Polish |
| Political party | Samoobrona |
|  | |


title: Andia Chaves Fonnegra

abstract: Andia Chaves Fonnegra is a Colombian marine biologist known for her research on the marine sponge Cliona delitrix.

text:
# Andia Chaves Fonnegra

**Andia Chaves Fonnegra** is a Colombian marine biologist known for her research on the marine sponge *Cliona delitrix.*

## Education and career

Fonnegra earned her bachelor's degree (2003) in marine biology from the Jorge Tadeo Lozano University and her master's degree (2006) in marine biology from the National University of Colombia. In 2007 she taught at Colombia's Universidad Pedagogic Nacional before moving to the University of Alberta where she was a graduate student from 2007 to 2008. In 2009, she transferred to Nova Southeastern University, in Florida, where she graduated in 2014 with a PhD in oceanography and marine biology. Fonnegra's dissertation was "Increase of Excavating Sponges on Caribbean Coral Reefs: Reproduction, Dispersal, and Coral Deterioration".

Fonnegra was a postdoctoral researcher at the Coral Reef Restoration, Assessment & Monitoring (CRRAM) Laboratory - Nova Southeastern University in 2014-2015, later at the Center for Marine and Environmental Studies (CMES) - University of the Virgin Islands in 2016-2017, and also at the Department of Biomolecular Sciences - University of Mississippi in 2018. In 2018, she became an assistant professor at Florida Atlantic University, where she has a joint appointment between the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute and the Harriet Wilkes Honors College. She is known for her research on the marine sponge *Cliona delitrix*, an organism that grows between the calcium carbonate that forms the skeleton of coral reefs and that, through an excavating action, gradually deteriorates the coral. In the Caribbean Sea the development of this sponge has accelerated in recent years, resulting in the gradual erosion of corals, altering the ecosystem.

## Awards and honors

* 2002 – SIGMA XI Grant Award, Scientific Research Society
* 2006 – Meritorious Mention Master's Thesis, Universidad Nacional de Colombia
* 2008 – Donald Ross Academic Merit, University of Alberta
* 2010 – NSU Chancellor´s Faculty Research and Development Grant, Nova Southeastern University
* 2011 – L'Oréal-UNESCO Scholarship for Women in Science
* 2014 – Student Life Achievement Award, Nova Southeastern University
* 2019 – Gulf Research Program’s Early-Career Research Fellowships of The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine.
* 2023 - NSF Early Career Award, Florida Atlantic University

## Selected publications

* Chaves-Fonnegra, Andia; Castellanos, Leonardo; Zea, Sven; Duque, Carmenza; Rodríguez, Jaime; Jiménez, Carlos (2008). "Clionapyrrolidine A—A Metabolite from the Encrusting and Excavating Sponge *Cliona tenuis* that Kills Coral Tissue upon Contact". *Journal of Chemical Ecology*. **34** (12): 1565–1574. doi:10.1007/s10886-008-9565-5. PMID 19023625. S2CID 21404694.
* Chaves-Fonnegra, Andia; Zea, Sven (2011). "Coral colonization by the encrusting excavating Caribbean sponge *Cliona delitrix*". *Marine Ecology*. **32** (2): 162–173. Bibcode:2011MarEc..32..162C. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0485.2010.00416.x.
* Chaves-Fonnegra, Andia; Maldonado, Manuel; Blackwelder, Patricia; Lopez, Jose V. (2015). "Asynchronous reproduction and multi-spawning in the coral-excavating sponge *Cliona delitrix*". *Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom*. **96** (2): 515–528. doi:10.1017/S0025315415000636. hdl:10261/121387. ISSN 0025-3154. S2CID 52486029.
* Chaves-Fonnegra, A. (2014). *Increase of excavating sponges on Caribbean coral reefs: Reproduction, dispersal, and coral deterioration. Dissertation*. Nova Southeastern University.
* Chaves-Fonnegra, Andia; Feldheim, Kevin A.; Secord, Jesse; Lopez, Jose V. (2015). "Population structure and dispersal of the coral-excavating sponge *Cliona* delitrix". *Molecular Ecology*. **24** (7): 1447–1466. doi:10.1111/mec.13134. PMID 25732628. S2CID 4492547.
* Brandt, Marilyn E.; Olinger, Lauren K.; Chaves-Fonnegra, Andia; Olson, Julie B.; Gochfeld, Deborah J. (2019). "Coral recruitment is impacted by the presence of a sponge community". *Marine Biology*. **166** (4). doi:10.1007/s00227-019-3493-5. S2CID 91626018.

## InfoBox

| Andia Chaves Fonnegra | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Colombian |
| Alma mater | Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Nova Southeastern University |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | marine biology
marine ecology |
| Institutions | National University of Colombia
INVEMAR
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Universidad Pedagógica Nacional (Colombia)
University of Alberta
Nova Southeastern University
University of the Virgin Islands
University of Mississippi
Florida Atlantic University |
| Thesis | *Increases of excavating sponges on Caribbean coral reefs : reproduction, dispersal and coral deterioration* (2014) |
| Doctoral advisor | Jose V. Lopez |
| Other academic advisors | Bernard Riegl, Sven Zea, Mateo Lopez Victoria |
|  | |


title: Andrew Rutherfurd, Lord Rutherfurd

abstract: Andrew Rutherfurd, Lord Rutherfurd, was a Scottish advocate, judge and politician.

text:
# Andrew Rutherfurd, Lord Rutherfurd

**Andrew Rutherfurd, Lord Rutherfurd**, PC, FRSE (born **Andrew Greenfield**; 21 June 1791 – 13 December 1854) was a Scottish advocate, judge and politician.

## Early life

Rutherfurd was born at Bristo Port (near Greyfriars Kirkyard) in Edinburgh on 21 June 1791 to Janet Rutherfurd Bervie, and Reverend William Greenfield. In 1799, after his father was disgraced in a sex scandal, the family changed their name to Rutherfurd, his maternal grandmother's maiden name. His main house was Lauriston Castle near Cramond just north-west of the city. His sister married John Gordon FRSE, father of John Thomson Gordon FRSE.

He was educated at the High School in Edinburgh then studied law at the University of Edinburgh. He became an advocate in 1812.

## Career

In the 1830s he is listed as an advocate living at 9, St Colme Street, on the Moray Estate in Edinburgh's west end. His house was remodelled by William Notman in 1835, whilst working in the offices of William Henry Playfair.

He was appointed Solicitor General for Scotland from 1837, becoming Lord Advocate in 1839 and Member of Parliament for Leith burghs in the same year. He resigned office in September 1841 on William Peel's accession to power. He was appointed Rector of the University of Glasgow in 1844.

He played an active part in parliamentary proceedings relating to Scotland, and proposed the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846. He was reappointed Lord Advocate in 1846, and was responsible for legislation amending the law of entail in Scotland in 1848. He served on the Royal Commission on the British Museum (1847–49).

On 2 January 1849 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, his proposer being John Russell.

He was appointed a Senator of the College of Justice, as Lord Rutherfurd and a Privy Counsellor in May 1851. From 1851 to 1854 he was a Lord of Session.

## Personal life

In 1822, Rutherfurd married Sophia Frances Stewart, one of three daughters and two sons born to Mary Susanna (née Whaley) Stewart (a daughter of Richard Chapell Whaley, MP of Whaley Abbey) and Sir James Stewart, 7th Baronet, MP for Donegal. They had no children.

His wife died in 1852 and was buried with him. He died on 13 December 1854 at 9 St Colme Street, his Edinburgh townhouse. He is buried at Dean Cemetery in western Edinburgh.

### Legacy

At Dean Cemetery, he was buried on Lord's Row, against the western wall, beneath a red granite pyramid designed by William Henry Playfair and built by Stewart McGlashan. The monument is inscribed: **Uxori desideratissimae contra votum superstes moerens posuit Andreas Rutherfurd, et sibi, MDCCCLII.** ("Andrew Rutherfurd, surviving against his will, placed this tomb in mourning to his most beloved wife, and to himself, 1852".)

## Galley

## InfoBox

| The Right HonourableLord RutherfurdPC FRSE | |
| --- | --- |
| *Lord Rutherfurd, c.1852* | |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament for Leith Burghs | |
| **In office**
1839–1851 | |
| Preceded by | John Archibald Murray |
| Succeeded by | James Moncreiff |
| Lord Advocate | |
| **In office**
1846–1851 | |
| Preceded by | Duncan McNeill |
| Succeeded by | James Moncreiff |
| **In office**
1839–1841 | |
| Preceded by | John Murray |
| Succeeded by | Sir William Rae |
| Solicitor General for Scotland | |
| **In office**
1837–1839 | |
| Preceded by | John Cunninghame |
| Succeeded by | James Ivory |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Andrew Greenfield
(1791-06-21)21 June 1791
Bristo Port, Scotland |
| Died | 13 December 1854(1854-12-13) (aged 63) |
| Spouse | Sophia Frances Stewart
(m. 1822; died 1852) |
| Relations | John Thomson Gordon (nephew) |
| Parent(s) | William Greenfield
Janet Rutherfurd Bervie |
| Residence | Lauriston Castle |
| Education | Royal High School, Edinburgh |
| Alma mater | University of Edinburgh |
|  | |


title: Andrzej Kokowski

abstract: Andrzej Kokowski is a Polish archaeologist who is a Professor of Archaeology and Director of the Institute of Archaeology at Maria Curie-Skłodowska University.

text:
# Andrzej Kokowski

**Andrzej Kokowski** (born 1953) is a Polish archaeologist who is a Professor of Archaeology and Director of the Institute of Archaeology at Maria Curie-Skłodowska University.

## Biography

Andrzej Kokowski was born in Złotów in 1953. He received his PhD from the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań in 1996 with a thesis on the Wielbark culture. Since 2000, Kokowski has been Professor of Archaeology at Maria Curie-Skłodowska University. He is the Founder and Director of the Institute of Archaeology at Maria Curie-Skłodowska University.

Kokowski specializes in the archaeology of Poland in the Pre-Roman Iron Age and the Roman Iron Age, particularly cultures associated with the Goths, Vandals and Sarmatians, on which he has managed numerous projects. Kokowski is an internationally renowned authority on Gothic migrations. He is a fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the author of hundreds of scientific publications. Kokowski was awarded the Gold Cross of Merit in 2007, and the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta in 2014.

## Selected works

* *Lubelszczyzna w młodszym okresie przedrzymskim i w okresie rzymskim* (Lublin 1991)
* *Gródek nad Bugiem: cmentarzysko grupy masłomęckiej* (Lublin 1993)
* *Grupa masłomęcka. Z badań nad przemianami kultury Gotów w młodszym okresie rzymskim* (Lublin 1995)
* *Archeologia Gotów. Goci w Kotlinie Hrubieszowskiej* (Lublin 1999)
* *Starożytna Polska. Od trzeciego wieku przed narodzeniem Chrystusa do schyłku starożytności* (2005)
* *Goci. Od Skandzy do Campi Gothorum (od Skandynawii do Półwyspu Iberyjskiego)* (2007)
* *30 powodów do dumy z mieszkania w krainie Gotów* (Lublin 2007)
* *Przygoda z archeologią, czyli najstarsze dzieje Krajny Złotowskiej (do czasów lokacji miasta Złotowa)* (Warszawa 2011)

## InfoBox

| Andrzej Kokowski | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1953<br>Złotów, Poland |
| Nationality | Polish |
| Awards |  |
|  | |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Archaeology |
| Institutions |  |
|  | |


title: 1948–49 Swedish football Division 2

text:
# 1948–49 Swedish football Division 2

Statistics of Swedish football Division 2 for the 1948–49 season.

## League standings

### Division 2 Nordöstra 1948–49

Teams from a large part of northern Sweden, approximately above the province of Medelpad, were not allowed to play in the national league system until the 1953–54 season, and a championship was instead played to decide the best team in Norrland.

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Djurgårdens IF | 18 | 17 | 1 | 0 | 64 | 16 | +48 | 35 | Promoted to Allsvenskan |
| 2 | Åtvidabergs FF | 18 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 42 | 33 | +9 | 20 | League transfer within league level |
| 3 | Sundbybergs IK | 18 | 8 | 3 | 7 | 47 | 37 | +10 | 19 |  |
| 4 | IK Sleipner | 18 | 8 | 3 | 7 | 37 | 47 | 10 | 19 | League transfer within league level |
| 5 | Surahammars IF | 18 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 28 | 34 | 6 | 17 |  |
| 6 | Sandvikens AIK | 18 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 44 | 35 | +9 | | 16 |
| 7 | Karlskoga IF | 18 | 7 | 2 | 9 | 30 | 36 | 6 | | 16 |
| 8 | Reymersholms IK | 18 | 6 | 2 | 10 | 26 | 43 | 17 | | 14 |
| 9 | Sandvikens IF | 18 | 5 | 3 | 10 | 30 | 40 | 10 | 13 | Relegated to Division 3 |
| 10 | Ludvika FfI | 18 | 4 | 3 | 11 | 23 | 46 | 23 | | 11 |

Source:

### Division 2 Sydvästra 1948–49

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Kalmar FF | 18 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 36 | 27 | +9 | 25 | Promoted to Allsvenskan |
| 2 | IFK Malmö | 18 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 42 | 35 | +7 | 22 |  |
| 3 | Halmstads BK | 18 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 40 | 35 | +5 | | 21 |
| 4 | Höganäs BK | 18 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 30 | 23 | +7 | | 20 |
| 5 | Råå IF | 18 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 40 | 36 | +4 | | 20 |
| 6 | Örgryte IS | 18 | 8 | 3 | 7 | 44 | 23 | +21 | | 19 |
| 7 | Jonsereds IF | 18 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 44 | 34 | +10 | | 18 |
| 8 | Karlstads BIK | 18 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 28 | 34 | 6 | 17 | League transfer within league level |
| 9 | Tidaholms GIF | 18 | 4 | 2 | 12 | 22 | 48 | 26 | 10 | Relegated to Division 3 |
| 10 | Billingsfors IK | 18 | 3 | 2 | 13 | 24 | 55 | 31 | | 8 |

Source:

## InfoBox

Swedish League Division 2
| Season | 1948–49 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions |  |
| Promoted |  |
| Relegated |  |
| 1947–48 1949–50 | |


abstract: The 1942 Minnesota Attorney General election was held on 3 November 1942 in order to elect the attorney general of Minnesota. Republican nominee and incumbent attorney general Joseph A. A. Burnquist defeated Farmer–Labor nominee David J. Erickson and Democratic nominee Patrick A. Burke.

text:
# 1942 Minnesota Attorney General election

The **1942 Minnesota Attorney General election** was held on 3 November 1942 in order to elect the attorney general of Minnesota. Republican nominee and incumbent attorney general Joseph A. A. Burnquist defeated Farmer–Labor nominee David J. Erickson and Democratic nominee Patrick A. Burke.

## General election

On election day, 3 November 1942, Republican nominee Joseph A. A. Burnquist won re-election by a margin of 245,621 votes against his foremost opponent Farmer–Labor nominee David J. Erickson, thereby retaining Republican control over the office of attorney general. Burnquist was sworn in for his third term on 4 January 1943.

### Results

Minnesota Attorney General election, 1942
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Joseph A. A. Burnquist (incumbent)** | **432,695** | **58.94** |
|  | Farmer–Labor | David J. Erickson | 187,074 | 25.48 |
|  | Democratic | Patrick A. Burke | 114,385 | 15.58 |
| Total votes | | | **734,154** | **100.00** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

## InfoBox

1942 Minnesota Attorney General election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Joseph A. A. Burnquist** David J. Erickson Patrick A. Burke  Party Republican Farmer–Labor Democratic  Popular vote **432,695** 187,074 114,385  Percentage **58.94%** 25.48% 15.58% | |
| ---  **Attorney General before election**
Joseph A. A. Burnquist
Republican **Elected Attorney General**
Joseph A. A. Burnquist
Republican | |


title: Edward Rubin

abstract: Edward Rubin is the chief scientific officer at Metabiota, a company that works on epidemic risk and infectious diseases. From 2002 to 2016, he was a researcher at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the director of the Department of Energy's Joint Genome Institute. In 2012, he was named the Charles J. and Lois B. Epstein Visiting Professor at the University of California San Francisco. Rubin performed testing on the Neanderthal genome, which suggests human and Neanderthal DNA are some 99.5 percent to nearly 99.9 percent identical. He is on the board of directors of the Global Virome Project.

text:
# Edward Rubin

**Edward Rubin** is the chief scientific officer at Metabiota, a company that works on epidemic risk and infectious diseases. From 2002 to 2016, he was a researcher at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the director of the Department of Energy's Joint Genome Institute. In 2012, he was named the Charles J. and Lois B. Epstein Visiting Professor at the University of California San Francisco.

Rubin performed testing on the Neanderthal genome, which suggests human and Neanderthal DNA are some 99.5 percent to nearly 99.9 percent identical.

He is on the board of directors of the Global Virome Project.

1. "JGI Director to Step Down to Assume Scientific Helm of Startup - DOE Joint Genome Institute". *DOE Joint Genome Institute*. 10 March 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2018.
2. Norris, Jeffrey. "Personalized Medicine From Genomics and Bioinformatics Highlighted at UCSF Genetics Symposium". *UC San Francisco*. Retrieved 16 February 2018.
3. Than, Ker (15 November 2006). "Neanderthal: 99.5 Percent Human". *Live Science*. Retrieved 16 February 2018.
4. "Leadership Team".


title: Edwin Schneider

abstract: Edwin Schneider was an American pianist, teacher, and music editor. He is best known as the partner and accompanist of Irish tenor John McCormack. Before meeting McCormack, he was an editor and translator for the John Church Company.

text:
# Edwin Schneider

**Edwin Schneider** (May 20, 1874 - April 12, 1958) was an American pianist, teacher, and music editor. He is best known as the partner and accompanist of Irish tenor John McCormack. Before meeting McCormack, he was an editor and translator for the John Church Company.

## Musical education

Schneider enrolled at the Leipzig Conservatory on September 26 1902. He had previously studied the piano with Harrison Weld, Christian Balatka and Glenn Dillard Gunn. He had also received lessons in harmony from Hans Balatka and singing from Frederick W. Carbury before starting his studies in Leipzig.

At the Conservatory he was taught by Gustav Schreck in music theory, Gustav Ewald in singing and Friedrich Werder in Italian. His main subject was piano playing, which he studied under Robert Teichmüller.

Schneider graduated during Easter time 1903 with great references from his teachers.

## Songs

* When the Dew is Falling
* Your Eyes


title: 1954 Paris–Tours

abstract: The 1954 Paris–Tours was the 48th edition of the Paris–Tours cycle race and was held on 10 October 1954. The race started in Paris and finished in Tours. The race was won by Gilbert Scodeller.

text:
# 1954 Paris–Tours

The **1954 Paris–Tours** was the 48th edition of the Paris–Tours cycle race and was held on 10 October 1954. The race started in Paris and finished in Tours. The race was won by Gilbert Scodeller.

## General classification

| **Final general classification**  Rank Rider Time  1  Gilbert Scodeller (FRA) 6h 11' 19"  2  Louison Bobet (FRA) \+ 2"  3  Pierre Michel (FRA) \+ 2"  4  Briek Schotte (BEL) \+ 2"  5  Rik Van Steenbergen (BEL) \+ 2"  6  Fred De Bruyne (BEL) \+ 2"  7  Roger Decock (BEL) \+ 2"  8  Angelo Conterno (ITA) \+ 2"  9  Germain Derycke (BEL) \+ 2"  10  Loretto Petrucci (ITA) \+ 2" |
| --- |

## InfoBox

1954 Paris–Tours
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 10 October 1954 |
| Stages | 1 |
| Distance | 253 km (157.2 mi) |
| Winning time | 6h 11' 19" |
| Results | |
| Winner  Gilbert Scodeller (FRA)  Second  Louison Bobet (FRA)  Third  Pierre Michel (FRA) | |
|


title: Edwin Charles Tubb

abstract: Edwin Charles Tubb was a British writer of science fiction, fantasy and western novels. The author of over 140 novels and 230 short stories and novellas, Tubb is best known for The Dumarest Saga, an epic science-fiction saga set in the far future. Michael Moorcock wrote, "His reputation for fast-moving and colourful SF writing is unmatched by anyone in Britain." Much of Tubb's work was written under pseudonyms including Gregory Kern, Carl Maddox, Alan Guthrie, Eric Storm and George Holt. He used 58 pen names over five decades of writing, although some of these were publishers' house names also used by other writers: Volsted Gridban, Gill Hunt, King Lang, Roy Sheldon and Brian Shaw. Tubb's Charles Grey alias was solely his own and acquired a big following in the early 1950s.

text:
# Edwin Charles Tubb

**Edwin Charles Tubb** (15 October 1919 – 10 September 2010) was a British writer of science fiction, fantasy and western novels. The author of over 140 novels and 230 short stories and novellas, Tubb is best known for The Dumarest Saga (US collective title: *Dumarest of Terra*), an epic science-fiction saga set in the far future. Michael Moorcock wrote, "His reputation for fast-moving and colourful SF writing is unmatched by anyone in Britain."

Much of Tubb's work was written under pseudonyms including Gregory Kern, Carl Maddox, Alan Guthrie, Eric Storm and George Holt. He used 58 pen names over five decades of writing, although some of these were publishers' house names also used by other writers: Volsted Gridban (along with John Russell Fearn), Gill Hunt (with John Brunner and Dennis Hughes), King Lang (with George Hay and John W Jennison), Roy Sheldon (with H. J. Campbell) and Brian Shaw. Tubb's Charles Grey alias was solely his own and acquired a big following in the early 1950s.

## Life

Tubb was born in London and resided there until his death in 2010. He married Iris Kathleen Smith in 1944 and is survived by their two daughters, Jennifer and Linda, three grandsons, John Barham, Alan Barham and Steven, and two granddaughters, Lisa Elcomb and Julie Hickmott.

## Career

An avid reader of pulp science-fiction and fantasy in his youth, in 1938 Tubb made contact with other British fans and made his first attempts at writing in the genre. "My first attempts were written for my own pleasure," he later told *New Worlds*, "and they are now perfect examples of what not to do". Tubb found that he had a particular talent as a writer of stories in that genre when his short story "No Short Cuts" was published in *New Worlds* magazine in 1951. Previously a salesman of printing machinery, he opted for a full-time career as a writer and soon became renowned for the speed and diversity of his output.

Tubb wrote for many of the science fiction magazines of the 1950s including *Futuristic Science Stories*, *Science Fantasy*, *Nebula* and *Galaxy Science Fiction*. He contributed heavily to *Authentic Science Fiction*, editing the magazine for nearly two years from February 1956 until it folded in October 1957. During this time he found it so difficult to find good writers to contribute to the magazine that he often wrote most of the stories himself under a variety of pseudonyms.

His main work in the science fiction genre, the Dumarest series, appeared from 1967 to 1985, with two final volumes in 1997 and 2008. His second major series, the Cap Kennedy series, was written from 1973 to 1983.

Later in life Tubb updated many of his 1950s science fiction novels for 21st century readers.

Tubb was one of the co-founders of the British Science Fiction Association.

## Honors

Tubb was Guest of Honour at Heicon, the 1970 World Science Fiction Convention, in Heidelberg, Germany. He was a five-time winner of the *Nebula Science Fiction* Magazine Literary Award (1953–1958) and the recipient of the 1955 Cytricon Literary Award for Best British SF Writer. His short story "Lucifer!" won the Europa Prize in 1972. In 2010, his novel *The Possessed* (2005, revised version of *Touch of Evil* \[1959\]) won the Premio Italia Award for Best International Novel.

## Works

### The Dumarest saga

Tubb's best known series is The Dumarest Saga (US collective title: *Dumarest of Terra*), a far future epic science-fiction saga charting the adventures of traveler Earl Dumarest as he attempts to find his way back to his home planet, Earth, from a region of space so far distant that the existence of the planet is believed to be nothing more than a myth. Originally written in what Michael Moorcock has described as a "conscious and acknowledged imitation" of Leigh Brackett's Eric John Stark stories, the series subsequently developed a style of storytelling unique to Tubb.

Published over a span of more than 40 years, the Dumarest Saga comprised 33 novels. The 33rd, which brings closure to Dumarest's search for Earth, was published in 2008 by Homeworld Press of Chicago. A pair of Dumarest short stories, entitled "Child of Earth" and "Figona" and published in the science fiction anthologies *Fantasy Adventures 1* (2002) and *Fantasy Adventures 2* (2003), were extracts from this longer work.

### Cap Kennedy series

Tubb's other main novel series, *Cap Kennedy*, is space opera in the style of *Perry Rhodan*. Known as *F.A.T.E.* in the UK (where only the first six books have ever been published), the novels follow the adventures of Captain 'Cap' Kennedy, a Free Acting Terran Envoy (F.A.T.E.) with licence to act as judge, jury, and executioner, and the power to intervene in any situation which threatens the peace of the Terran Sphere, an interplanetary federation centred on Earth.

Independently wealthy and operating from his personal spaceship, the *Mordain*, Kennedy is assisted on his missions by engineer Penza Saratov, veteran scientist Professor Jarl Luden, and alien navigator Veem Chemile, a humanoid chameleon who claims to be descended from the Zheltyana, an ancient race which dominated the galaxy in the distant past before vanishing without trace. The discovery of mysterious artifacts left behind by the Zheltyana on different worlds often provided the spring-board for the stories in the series.

Lester del Rey found that although the first volume managed to "avoid the primitiveness and the formula" that spoiled many similar series, the virtues of such series were also missing, leaving him unenthusiastic. He later noted improvement in a subsequent installment.

Tubb wrote 17 *Cap Kennedy* novels, all under the pseudonym Gregory Kern.

These books were the basis for the Commander Scott series from German publishers Bastei Lübbe. This series included all of the Cap Kennedy books by Tubb as well as a number of further novels, written under pseudonym by different German authors. Published in the format of *romanheft* (a digest-sized version of pulp magazines), the series lasted for 42 issues from 1975 to 1976. (See the entry under the German Wikipedia, Commander Scott.)

### *Space: 1999* series

Tubb was the author of six novels based on Gerry Anderson's 1975 science fiction television series *Space: 1999*. *Breakaway* (1975), *Collision Course* (1975) and *Earthbound* (2003) are novelizations of 11 scripts written for the series' first season format (including two that were subsequently filmed as second-season episodes), while *Alien Seed* (1976), *Rogue Planet* (1976) and *Earthfall* (1977, revised 2002) are original novels set within the first season continuity. The latter rejected the format changes of the TV series' second season to provide a satisfactory conclusion to the *Space 1999* story.

Tubb's short story "Random Sample" from *New Writings in SF 29* (1976) was revised to become "Dead End", a short story in the *Space: 1999* anthology *Shepherd Moon* (2010). The original story's *Prometheus* starship crew are replaced by the Moonbase Alpha characters in the *Space: 1999* version. "Random Sample" was itself a revised version of a much earlier Tubb short, "Entrance Exam", originally published in *New Worlds* magazine (1951).

### Other science fiction

Tubb's best known standalone novel is *The Space-Born* (1956), which started life as a serial for *New Worlds Science Fiction* magazine entitled "Star Ship". An acknowledged masterpiece of the "generational starship" story, the book tells of a society who are the sixteenth generation of the original crew of a vast starship on a 300-year journey to Pollux from Earth. The plot centres on a protagonist whose job is to eliminate anyone who has become a burden to the society, through ill health, mental instability, or anyone over 40.

Other notable standalone novels include *Alien Dust* (1955), which charts the first 35 years of an Earth colony on Mars, and *Moon Base* (1964), a science fiction detective thriller set on a British Moonbase where a biochemical computer is under development. The short story collections *Ten From Tomorrow* (1966), *A Scatter of Stardust* (1972) and *The Best Science Fiction of E.C. Tubb* (2003) contain the best of Tubb's short form writing, including "The Last Day of Summer" (1955), "Little Girl Lost" (1955), "Vigil" (1956), "The Bells of Acheron" (1957), "Fresh Guy" (1958), "The Ming Vase" (1963), "J is for Jeanne" (1965), and "Evane" (1973).

### Other genres

Outside the field of science fiction, Tubb wrote 11 western novels, a detective novel and a Foreign Legion novel for Badger Books. Once again, many of these were published under a variety of pseudonyms, including the house name "Chuck Adams", which were also used by other authors. In the 1970s he wrote a trilogy of historical novels set in Ancient Rome under the pseudonym Edward Thomson.

### Dramatisations

Tubb's 1955 novel *The Space-Born* was dramatised for French television in 1962 as a 90-minute play for Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française. The production was directed by Alain Boudet from a script by Michael Subrela and broadcast on 11 December 1962.

The short story "Little Girl Lost", originally published in *New Worlds* magazine (1955), was dramatised as a segment of *Night Gallery* in 1972. Adapted by Stanford Whitmore and directed by Timothy Galfras, with a cast featuring William Windom and Ed Nelson, the segment originally aired on 1 March 1972, paired with *The Caterpillar* in the penultimate episode of the series' second season.

Tubb's award-winning short story "Lucifer!" (later published in a slightly revised version under the title "Fallen Angel") was adapted for the 2023 film, "57 Seconds" starring Morgan Freeman and Josh Hutcherson. The title "57 Seconds" refers to the amount of time that the ring possessed by the main character sets back time.

## Bibliography

### The Dumarest Saga (US: Dumarest of Terra)

1. *The Winds of Gath* (1967) (also published with slightly modified text as *Gath* \[1968, 2010\])
2. *Derai* (1968) (also published as *The Death Zone* \[2010\])
3. *Toyman* (1969)
4. *Kalin* (1969)
5. *The Jester at Scar* (1970)
6. *Lallia* (1971)
7. *Technos* (1972)
8. *Veruchia* (1973)
9. *Mayenne* (1973)
10. *Jondelle* (1973)
11. *Zenya* (1974)
12. *Eloise* (1975)
13. *Eye of the Zodiac* (1975)
14. *Jack of Swords* (1976)
15. *Spectrum of a Forgotten Sun* (1976)
16. *Haven of Darkness* (1977)
17. *Prison of Night* (1977)
18. *Incident on Ath* (1978)
19. *The Quillian Sector* (1978)
20. *Web of Sand* (1979)
21. *Iduna's Universe* (1979)
22. *The Terra Data* (1980)
23. *World of Promise* (1980)
24. *Nectar of Heaven* (1981)
25. *The Terridae* (1981)
26. *The Coming Event* (1982)
27. *Earth is Heaven* (1982)
28. *Melome* (1983) (published in UK with *Angado* \[1984\] as *Melome and Angado* \[1988\])
29. *Angado* (1984) (published in UK with *Melome* \[1983\] as *Melome and Angado* \[1988\])
30. *Symbol of Terra* (1984) (published in UK with *The Temple of Truth* \[1985\] as *Symbol of Terra and The Temple of Truth* \[1989\])
31. *The Temple of Truth* (1985) (published in UK with *Symbol of Terra* \[1985\] as *Symbol of Terra and The Temple of Truth* \[1989\])
32. *The Return* (1997) (written 1985 but previously only published in French language as *Le Retour* \[1992\])
33. *Child of Earth* (2008)

* *The Winds of Gath / Derai* (1973) (omnibus edition of *The Winds of Gath* \[1967\] and *Derai* \[1968\])
* *Mayenne and Jondelle* (1981) (omnibus edition of *Mayenne* \[1973\] and *Jondelle* \[1973\])
* *Dumarest of Terra Omnibus* (2005) (omnibus edition of *The Winds of Gath* \[1967\], *Derai* \[1968\], *Toyman* \[1969\] and *Kalin* \[1969\])

### Cap Kennedy (UK: F.A.T.E.)

All as by Gregory Kern

1. *Galaxy of the Lost* (1973)
2. *Slave Ship from Sergan* (1973)
3. *Monster of Metelaze* (1973)
4. *Enemy Within the Skull* (1974)
5. *Jewel of Jarhen* (1974)
6. *Seetee Alert!* (1974)
7. *The Gholan Gate* (1974)
8. *The Eater of Worlds* (1974)
9. *Earth Enslaved* (1974
10. *Planet of Dread* (1974)
11. *Spawn of Laban* (1974)
12. *The Genetic Buccaneer* (1974)
13. *A World Aflame* (1974)
14. *The Ghosts of Epidoris* (1975)
15. *Mimics of Dephene* (1975)
16. *Beyond the Galactic Lens* (1975)
17. *The Galactiad* (1983) (written 1976 but previously only published in German language as *Das kosmische Duell* \[1976\])

### *Space: 1999*

1. *Breakaway* (1975)
2. *Collision Course* (1975)
3. *Alien Seed* (1976)
4. *Rogue Planet* (1976)
5. *Earthfall* (1977) (also published in 25th anniversary revised edition \[2002\])
6. *Earthbound* (2003)
7. *Year One* (2020) (also published in a revised second edition \[2023\])

### The Chronicles of Malkar

1. *Death God's Doom* (1999)
2. *The Sleeping City* (1999)

### Other science fiction novels

* *Saturn Patrol* (1951), as by King Lang
    + also published as *Saturn Patrol* (1996) by E.C. Tubb
    + also published as *The Warbirds* (2021)
* *Planetfall* (1951), as by Gill Hunt
* *Argentis* (1952), as by Brian Shaw
    + also published as *Argentis* (1979) by E.C. Tubb
* *Alien Impact* (1952)
* *Alien Universe* (1952), as by Volsted Gridban
    + also published as *The Green Helix* (2009) by E.C. Tubb
* *Reverse Universe* (1952), as by Volsted Gridban
* *Atom War on Mars* (1952)
* *Planetoid Disposals Ltd.* (1953), as by Volsted Gridban
* *De Bracy's Drug* (1953), as by Volsted Gridban
    + also published as *De Bracy's Drug* (2004) by E.C. Tubb
    + also published as *The Freedom Army* (2009) by E.C. Tubb
* *Fugitive of Time* (1953), as by Volsted Gridban
* *The Wall* (1953), as by Charles Grey
    + also published as *The Wall* (1999, 2009) by E.C. Tubb
* *The Mutants Rebel* (1953)
    + also published as *World in Torment* (2008)
* *Dynasty of Doom* (1953), as by Charles Grey
* *The Tormented City* (1953), as by Charles Grey
    + also published as *Secret of the Towers* (2008) by E.C. Tubb
* *Space Hunger* (1953), as by Charles Grey
    + also published as *Earth Set Free* (1999) by E.C. Tubb
    + also published as *The Price of Freedom* (2008) by E.C. Tubb
* *I Fight for Mars* (1953), as by Charles Grey
    + also published as *I Fight for Mars* (1998) by E.C. Tubb
* *Venusian Adventure* (1953)
* *Alien Life* (1954)
* *The Living World* (1954), as by Carl Maddox
* *The Extra Man* (1954)
    + also published as *Fifty Days to Doom* (2010)
* *Menace from the Past* (1954), as by Carl Maddox
* *The Metal Eater* (1954), as by Roy Sheldon
* *Journey to Mars* (1954)
* *World at Bay* (1954)
    + also published as *Tide of Death* (2008)
* *City of No Return* (1954)
* *Hell Planet* (1954)
* *The Resurrected Man* (1954)
* *The Stellar Legion* (1954)
* *The Hand of Havoc* (1954), as by Charles Grey
* *Enterprise 2115* (1954), as by Charles Grey
    + also published as *The Mechanical Monarch* (1958) by E.C. Tubb
* *Alien Dust* (1955)
* *The Space-Born* (1956)
* *Touch of Evil* (1957), as by Arthur Maclean
    + also published in revised version as *The Possessed* (2005) by E.C. Tubb
* *Moon Base* (1964)
* *Death is a Dream* (1967)
* *The Life-Buyer* (1967)
    + also published as *The Life Buyer* (2006)
* *C.O.D. - Mars* (1968)
    + also published as *Fear of Strangers* (2007)
* *Escape into Space* (1969)
* *S.T.A.R. Flight* (1969)
* *Century of the Manikin* (1972)
* *The Primitive* (1977)
* *Death Wears a White Face* (1979)
    + also published as *Dead Weight* (2007)
* *Stellar Assignment* (1979)
* *The Luck Machine* (1980)
* *Pawn of the Omphalos* (1980)
    + also published in revised version as *Death God's Doom* (1999)
* *Stardeath* (1983)
* *Pandora's Box* (1996) (previously unpublished work written 1954)
* *Temple of Death* (1996) (previously unpublished work written 1954)
* *Alien Life* (1998) (revised and expanded version of *Alien Life* \[1954\])
    + also published as *Journey into Terror* (2009)
* *Alien Worlds* (1999) (collection of *Alien Dust* \[1955\] and *Alien Universe* \[1952\])
* *Footsteps of Angels* (2004) (previously unpublished work written c.1988)
* *Starslave* (2010) (previously unpublished work written 1984)
* *To Dream Again* (2011)
* *Fires of Satan* (2012)

### Short story collections

* *Supernatural Stories 9* (1957), as by various pseudonyms
* *Ten from Tomorrow* (1966)
* *A Scatter of Stardust* (1972)
* *Kalgan the Golden* (1996)
* *Murder in Space* (1997)
* *The Best Science Fiction of E.C. Tubb* (2003)
* *Mirror of the Night and Other Weird Tales* (2003)
* *The Wager: Science Fiction Mystery Tales* (2011)
* *The Ming Vase and Other Science Fiction Stories* (2011)
* *Enemy of the State: Fantastic Mystery Stories* (2011)
* *Tomorrow: Science Fiction Mystery Tales* (2011)
* *The Wonderful Day: Science Fiction Stories* (2012)
* *Only One Winner: Science Fiction Mystery Tales* (2013)
* *The Troublemaker and Other Stories* (2020)
* *Secret Weapon and Other Stories* (2020)

### Novellas

* *Freight* (1953, *Nebula* 3)
* *Subtle Victory* (1953, *Authentic Science Fiction* 39)
* *The Inevitable Conflict* (1954, *Vargo Statten Science Fiction* 1–3)
* *Forbidden Fruit* (1954, *Vargo Statten/British Science Fiction* 4–6)
* *Star Haven* (1954, *Authentic Science Fiction* 52)
* *Number Thirteen* (1956, *Authentic Science Fiction* 69), as by Douglas West
* *The Big Secret* (1956, *Authentic Science Fiction* 70), as by Ken Wainwright
* *The Give-Away Worlds* (1956, *Authentic Science Fiction* 72), as by Julian Cary
* *Enemy of the State* (1956, *Authentic Science Fiction* 74), as by Ken Wainwright
* *There's Only One Winner* (1957, *Authentic Science Fiction* 81), as by Nigel Lloyd
* *The Touch of Reality* (1958, *Nebula* 28)
* *Galactic Destiny* (1959, *SF Adventures* 10)
* *Spawn of Jupiter* (1970, *Vision of Tomorrow 11*)

### Non-SF novels

* *Assignment New York* (1955), as by Mike Lantry
    + also published as *Assignment New York* (1996) by E.C. Tubb
* *The Fighting Fury* (1955), as by Paul Schofield
    + also published as *The Fighting Fury* (1962), as by Chuck Adams
    + also published as *The Gold Seekers* (2000) by E.C. Tubb
* *Comanche Capture* (1955), as by E. F. Jackson
    + also published as *The Captive* (2000), as by E.F. Jackson
    + also published as *The Captive* (2010) by E.C. Tubb
* *Sands of Destiny* (1955), as by Jud Cary
    + also published as *Sands of Destiny* (2009) by E.C. Tubb
    + also published as *Sands of Destiny: A Novel of the French Foreign Legion* (2011) by E.C. Tubb
* *Men of the Long Rifle* (1955), as by J.F. Clarkson
    + also published as *The Pathfinders* (2000), as by Charles Grey
* *Scourge of the South* (1956), as by M.L. Powers
    + also published as *The Marauders* (1960), as by M.L. Powers
    + also published as *Scourge of the South* (2000), as by George Holt
* *Vengeance Trail* (1956), as by James Farrow
    + also published as *The Liberators* (2000), as by Brett Landry
* *Trail Blazers* (1956), as by Chuck Adams
    + also published as *The Last Outlaw* (1961), as by Chuck Adams
    + also published as *Trail Blazers* (2000), as by Eric Storm
    + also published as *Trail Blazers* (2007) by E.C. Tubb
* *Quest for Quantrell* (1956), as by John Stevens
    + also published as *Night Raiders* (1960), as by John Stevens
    + also published as *Curse of Quantrill* (2000), as by Carl Maddox
* *Drums of the Prairie* (1956), as by P. Lawrence
    + also published as *The Red Lance* (1959), as by L.P. Eastern
    + also published as *The Dying Tree* (2000), as by Edward Thomson
* *Men of the West* (1956), as by Chet Lawson
    + also published as *Massacre Trail* (1960), as by Chuck Adams
    + also published as *Hills of Blood* (2000), as by Frank Weight
* *Wagon Trail* (1957), as by Charles S. Graham
    + also published as *Cauldron of Violence* (2000), as by Gordon Kent
    + also published as *Cauldron of Violence* (2010) by E.C. Tubb
* *Colt Vengeance* (1957), as by James R. Fenner
    + also published as *Colt Law* (1962), as by Chuck Adams
    + also published as *The First Shot* (2000) by E.C. Tubb

### The Gladiators

All as by Edward Thomson

1. *Atilus the Slave* (1975)
2. *Atilus the Gladiator* (1975)
3. *Gladiator* (1978)

### Comic Books

* *Hellfire Landing* (*Commando* issue 5, 1961)
* *Target Death* (*Combat Library* issue 102, 1961)
* *Lucky Strike* (*War Picture Library* issue 124, 1961)
* *Calculated Risk* (*Air Ace Picture Library* issue 78, 1961)
* *Too Tough to Handle* (*War Picture Library* issue 134, 1962)
* *The Dead Keep Faith* (*War Picture Library* issue 140, 1962)
* *The Spark of Anger* (*Battle Picture Library* issue 52, 1962)
* *Full Impact* (*Air Ace Picture Library* issue 92, 1962)
* *I Vow Vengeance* (*War at Sea Picture Library* issue 7, 1962)
* *One Must Die* (*Battle Picture Library* issue 72, 1962)
* *Gunflash* (*War Picture Library* issue 157, 1962)
* *Hit Back* (*Battle Picture Library* issue 69, 1962)
* *Suicide Squad* (*War Picture Library* issue 172, 1962)
* *No Higher Stakes* (*Battle Picture Library* issue 89, 1963)
* *Penalty of Fear* (*Thriller Picture Library* issue 444, 1963)

### Anthologies

* *Gateway to the Stars* (ed. John Carnell, 1955) - 'Unfortunate Purchase'
* *SF: The Year's Greatest Science Fiction and Fantasy* (ed. Judith Merril, 1956) - 'The Last Day of Summer'
* *SF '59: The Year's Greatest Science Fiction and Fantasy* (ed. Judith Merril, 1959) - 'Fresh Guy'
* *The Vampire* (ed. Ornella Volta and Valerio Riva, 1963) - 'Fresh Guy'
* *The Year's Best SF: 9* (ed. Judith Merril, 1964) - 'The Ming Vase'
* *Dimension 4* (ed. Groff Conklin, 1964) - 'Sense of Proportion'
* *Best of New Worlds* (ed. Michael Moorcock, 1965) - 'New Experience'
* *Weird Shadows from Beyond* (ed. John Carnell, 1965) - 'Fresh Guy'
* *New Writings in SF 6* (ed. John Carnell, 1965) - 'The Seekers'
* *The Year's Best SF: 11th* (ed. Judith Merril, 1966) - 'J is for Jeanne'
* *SF Reprise 1* (ed. Michael Moorcock, 1966) - 'New Experience'
* *Window on the Future* (ed. Douglas Hill, 1966) - 'Sense of Proportion'
* *9th Annual S-F* (ed. Judith Merril, 1967) - 'The Ming Vase'
* *The Devil His Due* (ed. Douglas Hill, 1967) - 'Return Visit'
* *More Tales of Unease* (ed. John Burke, 1969) - 'Little Girl Lost'
* *The Best of Sci-fi 12* (ed. Judith Merril, 1970) - 'J is for Jeanne'
* *The Year's Best Horror Stories* (ed. Richard Davis, 1971) - 'Lucifer!'
* *New Writings in Horror and the Supernatural* (ed. David Sutton, 1971) - 'The Winner'
* *New Writings in SF 22* (ed. Kenneth Bulmer, 1973) - 'Evane'
* *Space 1* (ed. Richard Davis, 1973) - 'Mistaken Identity'
* *The 1974 Annual World's Best SF* (ed. Donald Wollheim, 1974) - 'Evane'
* *New Writings in SF 23* (ed. Kenneth Bulmer,1974) - 'Made to be Broken', 'Accolade'
* *History of the Science Fiction Magazine 1946-1955* (ed. Mike Ashley, 1974) - 'The Wager'
* *World's Best SF Short Stories 1* (ed. Donald Wollheim, 1975) - 'Evane'
* *New Writings in SF 28* (ed. Kenneth Bulmer, 1976) - 'Face to Infinity'
* *New Writings in SF 29* (ed. Kenneth Bulmer, 1976) - 'Random Sample'
* *Best of British SF Vol. 2* (ed. Mike Ashley, 1977) - 'Trojan Horse'
* *Strange Planets* (ed. A. Williams-Ellis and M. Pearson, 1977) - 'Made to be Broken'
* *New Writings in SF 30* (ed. Kenneth Bulmer, 1978) - 'Read Me This Riddle'
* *Perilous Planets* (ed. Brian Aldiss, 1978) - 'The Seekers'
* *The Androids Are Coming* (ed. Robert Silverberg, 1979) - 'The Captain's Dog'
* *Wollheim's World of Best SF* (ed. Donald Wollheim, 1979) - 'Evane'
* *Heroic Fantasy* (ed. Gerald Page and Hank Reinhardt, 1979) - 'Blood in the Mist'
* *Pulsar 2* (ed. George Hay, 1979) - 'The Knife'
* *Jewels of Wonder* (ed. Mike Ashley, 1981) - 'Blood in the Mist'
* *The Drabble Project* (ed. Rob Meades and David B Wake, 1988) - 'As it Really Was', 'The Very Small Knife'
* *Space Stories* (ed. Mike Ashley, 1996) - 'The Bells of Acheron'
* *Classical Stories: Heroic Tales from Ancient Greece and Rome* (ed. Mike Ashley, 1996) - 'The Sword of Freedom'
* *The New Random House Book of Science Fiction Stories* (ed. Mike Ashley, 1997) - 'The Bells of Acheron'
* *Fantasy Annual 1* (ed. Philip Harbottle and Sean Wallace, 1997) - 'Time and Again'
* *Heroic Adventure Stories: From the Golden Age of Greece and Rome* (ed. Mike Ashley, 1998) - 'The Sword of Freedom'
* *Giant Book of Heroic Adventure Stories* (ed. Mike Ashley, 1998) - 'The Sword of Freedom'
* *The Iron God/Tomorrow* Gryphon Double (ed. Philip Harbottle, 1998) - 'Tomorrow'
* *Fantasy Annual 2* (ed. Philip Harbottle and Sean Wallace, 1998) - 'Gift Wrapped'
* *Fantasy Annual 3* (ed. Philip Harbottle and Sean Wallace, 1999) - 'Fallen Angel'
* *Gryphon Science Fiction and Fantasy Reader 1* (ed. Philip Harbottle, 1999) - 'Talk Not at All'
* *Fantasy Annual 4* (ed. Philip Harbottle and Sean Wallace, 2000) - 'Afternoon'
* *Fantasy Quarterly 1* (ed. Philip Harbottle, 2001) - 'The Inevitable Conflict'
* *Fantasy Adventures 1* (ed. Philip Harbottle, 2002) - 'Child of Earth'
* *Fantasy Adventures 2* (ed. Philip Harbottle, 2002) - 'Figona', 'Emergency Exit'
* *Fantasy Annual 5* (ed. Philip Harbottle and Sean Wallace, 2003) - 'Lazarus'
* *Fantasy Adventures 3* (ed. Philip Harbottle, 2003) - 'Illusion'
* *Fantasy Adventures 4* (ed. Philip Harbottle, 2003) - 'The Greater Ideal'
* *Fantasy Adventures 5* (ed. Philip Harbottle, 2003) - 'The Answer'
* *Fantasy Adventures 6* (ed. Philip Harbottle, 2003) - 'Food for Friendship'
* *Fantasy Adventures 7* (ed. Philip Harbottle, 2003) - 'Sell Me a Dream'
* *Mammoth Book of New Terror* (ed. Stephen Jones, 2004) - 'Mirror of the Night'
* *Fantasy Adventures 8* (ed. Philip Harbottle, 2004) - 'Jackpot'
* *Fantasy Adventures 9* (ed. Philip Harbottle, 2004) - 'Spawn of Jupiter'
* *Fantasy Adventures 10* (ed. Philip Harbottle, 2004) - 'The Dilettantes'
* *Fantasy Adventures 11* (ed. Philip Harbottle, 2004) - 'Agent'
* *Fantasy Adventures 12* (ed. Philip Harbottle, 2006) - 'You Go'
* *Space:1999 - Shepherd Moon* (ed. Mateo Latosa, 2010) - 'Dead End'

## InfoBox

| Edwin Charles Tubb | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1919-10-15)15 October 1919<br>London, England |
| Died | 10 September 2010(2010-09-10) (aged 90)<br>London, England |
| Occupation | Author |
| Nationality | British |
| Genre | Science fiction, Fantasy, Westerns |


abstract: The 1966 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina were held on November 8, 1966, to select six Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. All six incumbents were re-elected and the composition of the state delegation remained five Democrats and one Republican.

text:
# 1966 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina

The **1966 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina** were held on November 8, 1966, to select six Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. All six incumbents were re-elected and the composition of the state delegation remained five Democrats and one Republican.

## 1st congressional district

Incumbent Democratic Congressman L. Mendel Rivers of the 1st congressional district, in office since 1941, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.

### General election results

South Carolina's 1st congressional district election results, 1966
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | L. Mendel Rivers (incumbent) | 59,055 | 100.0 | +0.4 |
| Majority | | | 59,055 | 100.0 | +0.8 |
| Turnout | | | 59,055 |  |  |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | | |

## 2nd congressional district

Incumbent Republican Congressman Albert Watson of the 2nd congressional district, in office since 1963, defeated Democratic challenger Fred LeClercq.

### General election results

South Carolina's 2nd congressional district election results, 1966
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | Albert Watson (incumbent) | 48,742 | 64.3 | +64.3 |
|  | Democratic | Fred LeClercq | 27,013 | 35.7 | −61.9 |
| Majority | | | 21,729 | 28.6 | −66.6 |
| Turnout | | | 75,755 |  |  |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | | |

## 3rd congressional district

Incumbent Democratic Congressman William Jennings Bryan Dorn of the 3rd congressional district, in office since 1951, defeated Republican challenger John Grisso.

### General election results

South Carolina's 3rd congressional district election results, 1966
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | William J.B. Dorn (incumbent) | 42,874 | 57.8 | −42.1 |
|  | Republican | John Grisso | 31,331 | 42.2 | +42.2 |
| Majority | | | 11,543 | 15.6 | −84.2 |
| Turnout | | | 74,205 |  |  |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | | |

## 4th congressional district

Incumbent Democratic Congressman Robert T. Ashmore of the 4th congressional district, in office since 1953, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.

### General election results

South Carolina's 4th congressional district election results, 1966
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | Robert T. Ashmore (incumbent) | 43,611 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Majority | | | 43,611 | 100.0 | 0.0 |
| Turnout | | | 43,611 |  |  |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | | |

## 5th congressional district

Incumbent Democratic Congressman Thomas S. Gettys of the 5th congressional district, in office since 1964, was unopposed in his bid for re-election.

### General election results

South Carolina's 5th congressional district election results, 1966
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | Thomas S. Gettys (incumbent) | 41,550 | 99.2 | +32.1 |
|  | *No party* | Write-Ins | 345 | 0.8 | +0.8 |
| Majority | | | 41,205 | 98.4 | +64.2 |
| Turnout | | | 41,895 |  |  |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | | |

## 6th congressional district

Incumbent Democratic Congressman John L. McMillan of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1939, defeated Republican challenger Archie C. Odom.

### General election results

South Carolina's 6th congressional district election results, 1966
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | John L. McMillan (incumbent) | 43,090 | 61.7 | −3.3 |
|  | Republican | Archie C. Odom | 26,702 | 38.3 | +3.3 |
| Majority | | | 16,388 | 23.4 | −6.6 |
| Turnout | | | 69,792 |  |  |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | | |

* "Supplemental Report of the Secretary of State to the General Assembly of South Carolina." *Reports and Resolutions of South Carolina to the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina*. Volume II. Columbia, SC: 1967, p. 17.

## InfoBox

1966 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  All 6 South Carolina seats to the United States House of Representatives | |
| Majority party Minority party   Party Democratic Republican  Last election **6** 0  Seats before **5** 1  Seats won **5** 1  Seat change    Popular vote **257,193** 106,775  Percentage **70.60%** 29.31%  Swing  17.66%  18.13% | |
| ---  District results | |


title: Anti-Everything

abstract: Anti-Everything is a punk band from Trinidad and Tobago. Anti-Everything is the only punk band in Trinidad and Tobago.

text:
# Anti-Everything

**Anti-Everything** is a punk band from Trinidad and Tobago. Anti-Everything is the only punk band in Trinidad and Tobago.

## History

Anti-Everything was founded in 2000 in St. Joseph, about 11 km east of the capital Port of Spain. At this time all members still were teenagers, and the band name was chosen due to a general attitude of denial. In the early 2010's singer Bryan Khan und guitarist Randy Ali moved to Europe; since then songs are mainly developed through online cooperation and recorded when temporarily all members are in Trinidad. 2021 Khan relocated to Trinidad while Randy Ali still lives in Belgium.

In 2019, Anti-Everything was the first Trinidadian rock band to complete a European tour (through Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain). In 2022 the band completed another European tour which lead through ten countries.

## Style

Anti-Everything play punk rock with elements of alternative rock. The band names several punk bands as influential - old school (Black Flag, Minor Threat) and new school (Pennywise, Strike Anywhere). In addition, the band names calypso interpreters as influential as in the past they were not afraid to broach controversial issues which were taboo in public at that time. References to reggae, dub and ska can be found, and occasionally a steel pan is being used. The lyrics of Anti-Everything mainly deal with political and social conflicts, often touching their home country Trinidad and Tobago. A minor part of their lyrics deals with personal topics such as the search for an identity, or has a pure fun character.

## Discography

### Albums

* 2009: *The International Conspiracy to Push You Down* (Boatshrimp Records)
* 2011: *Children of a Globalised World* (Boatshrimp Records)

### EPs

* 2010: *Decision 2010* (Boatshrimp Records)
* 2010: *Please Do Your Job (Properly)* (Boatshrimp Records)
* 2015: *A Folly of Its Own* (Boatshrimp Records)
* 2017: *Harbour Ties* (Boatshrimp Records)
* 2018: *Congestión* (Boatshrimp Records)
* 2020: *Fowl Fete* (Boatshrimp Records)
* 2021: *COAGX* (Boatshrimp Records)

### Sampler contributions

* 2007: *Boatshrimp Records Sampler Volume 1* (Boatshrimp Records, track "Way Too Long")
* 2007: *Boatshrimp Records Sampler Volume 2* (Boatshrimp Records, tracks "Jimmy" and "Crowded")
* 2007: *Greenlight Network Vol. 1* (Greenlight Network, track "The Way We Choose to Live Our Lives")
* 2011: *Punktology Vol. 1* (Punk Outlaw Records, tracks "New Generation" and "Ratchet Design")
* 2012: *Hardcore 4 Syria* (Hardcore 4 Syria, track "Gravity On Hold")

## InfoBox

| Anti-Everything | |
| --- | --- |
| Riaz Ali, Jon Otway, Bryan Khan, Allan Bachan 2019 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Trinidad and Tobago |
| Genres | Punk rock |
| Years active | 2000–present |
| Labels | Boatshrimp Records |
|  | |
| Members | Bryan "Blinky" Khan (vocals)
Riaz Amir Ali (guitar)
Allan "Alloz" Bachan (bass)
Jon "Otto" Otway (drums)
Randy Ali (guitar, trombone, steel pan) |
|  | |
| Past members | Adam Arneaud († 2003) (bass), Syam Nath (2010-2015, guitar) |
|  | |
| Website | www.antieverything.tt |


title: Eagle (steamboat)

abstract: Eagle was a passenger steamboat built in 1900 which served on Puget Sound until it was destroyed by fire.

text:
# Eagle (steamboat)

***Eagle*** was a passenger steamboat built in 1900 which served on Puget Sound until it was destroyed by fire.

## Design and construction

*Eagle* was a smaller type of steamboat called a "steam launch". The wooden vessel was built at Eagle Harbor, Washington to run on routes connecting Seattle and Bainbridge Island, Washington. *Eagle* was 53.8 feet (16.4 m) long, beam 15.5 feet (4.7 m), and a depth of hold of 5.4. The overall size of the vessel was 40 gross tons and 23 registered tons. The vessel's US steamboat registration number was 136812.

## Career

*Eagle* was destroyed by fire in 1902 at Eagle Harbor. The vessel was replaced in service by the *Florence K*.

## InfoBox

| *Eagle* in Elliott Bay circa 1901. | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Name | *Eagle* |
| Route | Puget Sound |
| In service | 1900 |
| Out of service | 1902 |
| Identification | US registry 136812 |
| Fate | Destroyed by fire |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | inland steamboat |
| Tonnage | 40 gross, 23 net tons |
| Length | 53.8 ft (16.40 m) |
| Beam | 15.5 ft (4.72 m) |
| Depth | 5.4 ft (1.65 m) |
| Installed power | steam engine |
| Propulsion | propeller |