title: 1948 Albanian National Championship

abstract: The 1948 Albanian National Championship was the eleventh season of the Albanian National Championship, the top professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1930.

text:
# 1948 Albanian National Championship

The **1948 Albanian National Championship** was the eleventh season of the Albanian National Championship, the top professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1930.

## Overview

It was contested by 14 teams, and Partizani won the championship.

## Regular season

### Group A

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GR | Pts | Qualification |  | PAR | VLL | 17N | YIK | BES | DIN |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Partizani (C) | 10 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 34 | 8 | 4.250 | 17 | Qualification for the final |  |  | 1–0 | 4–1 | 9–0 | 6–1 | 7–0 |
| 2 | Vllaznia | 10 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 26 | 7 | 3.714 | 17 |  |  | 4–1 |  | 1–0 | 2–0 | 6–0 | 4–1 |
| 3 | 17 Nëntori | 9 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 | 9 | 1.000 | | 10 |  | 1–2 | 0–0 |  | 1–0 | 3–1 | 1–0 |
| 4 | Ylli i Kuq Durrës | 9 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 12 | 16 | 0.750 | | 8 |  | 1–1 | 1–2 | 0–0 |  | 6–1 | 1–0 |
| 5 | Besa | 9 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 7 | 33 | 0.212 | | 1 |  | 0–1 | 2–5 | 1–2 | 0–3 |  | 1–1 |
| 6 | Dinamo Korça | 7 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 18 | 0.167 | | 1 |  | 0–2 | 1–2 |  |  |  |  |

Source: rsssf.com
(C) Champions

Note: '17 Nëntori' is SK Tirana, 'Ylli i Kuq Durrës' is KS Teuta Durrës and 'Dinamo Korça' is Skënderbeu

### Group B

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GR | Pts | Qualification or relegation |  | FLA | BAS | APO | SHQ | 8NË | TRA | TOM | SPA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Flamurtari | 14 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 47 | 19 | 2.474 | 20 | Qualification for the final |  |  | 1–1 | 6–2 | 5–0 | 5–1 | 5–1 | 5–3 | 9–0 |
| 2 | Bashkimi Elbasanas | 14 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 34 | 15 | 2.267 | 19 |  |  | 1–0 |  | 3–1 | 2–2 | 5–0 | 6–1 | 3–3 | 6–0 |
| 3 | Apolonia | 14 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 31 | 20 | 1.550 | | 19 |  | 2–2 | 1–1 |  | 4–0 | 1–1 | 4–1 | 4–0 | 2–0 |
| 4 | Shqiponja (R) | 14 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 31 | 23 | 1.348 | 16 | Relegation to the 1949 Kategoria e Dytë |  | 4–1 | 1–1 | 0–1 |  | 2–2 | 3–1 | 3–0 | 7–0 |
| 5 | 8 Nëntori | 14 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 23 | 25 | 0.920 | 15 |  |  | 1–4 | 2–0 | 0–0 | 2–2 |  | 0–0 | 5–1 | 4–2 |
| 6 | Traktori (R) | 14 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 22 | 34 | 0.647 | 10 | Relegation to the 1949 Kategoria e Dytë |  | 2–2 | 0–1 | 2–4 | 1–3 | 2–0 |  | 2–1 | 5–2 |
| 7 | Tomori (R) | 14 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 18 | 32 | 0.563 | | 9 |  | 0–0 | 0–2 | 1–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 2–1 |  | 3–1 |
| 8 | Spartak Kuçova (R) | 14 | 1 | 2 | 11 | 17 | 55 | 0.309 | | 4 |  | 1–2 | 1–4 | 3–3 | 3–2 | 1–3 | 1–3 | 2–2 |  |

Source: rsssf.com
(R) Relegated

Note: 'Bashkimi Elbasanas' is KS Elbasani, 'Shqiponja' is Luftëtari, '8 Nëntori' is Erzeni, 'Traktori' is KS Lushnja and 'Spartak Kuçova' is Naftëtari

## Final

| Partizani | 6–2 | Flamurtari |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Biçaku  25'
Gjinali  29', 43', 56', 72'
Shaqiri  74' |  | Bezhani  8'
Daija  88' |

Qemal Stafa Stadium, Tiranë

## Interrupted Championship 1948-49

In 1948 the AFA decided to employ a new formula for the championship, according to the 'western' calendar. For the first time in history, Albania's championship style would be compared to that of Western European countries, from autumn 1948-spring 1949; but on 31 March 1949, the Federata Sportive Shqiptare (Albanian Sports Federation) annulled the 1948-49 season under Soviet pressure. After disassociating itself from all Soviet influences (3 December 1961), Albania started a fall/spring season from 1962/63 on.

Table at abandonment:

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GR | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Partizani | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 26 | 2 | 13.000 | 11 |
| 2 | Tirana | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 4 | 2.500 | 9 |
| 3 | Shkodra | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 21 | 1 | 21.000 | 8 |
| 4 | Durrësi | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 7 | 1.143 | 7 |
| 5 | Kavaja | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 10 | 11 | 0.909 | 3 |
| 6 | Korça | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 10 | 0.700 | 2 |
| 7 | Elbasani | 6 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 27 | 0.185 | 2 |
| 8 | Vlora | 6 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 27 | 0.074 | 2 |

Source:

NB: apart from the last round, the matches Korça vs Kavaja and Korça vs Shkodra were not played.

All the police (Dinamo) and trade union (Spartaku) clubs changed their name to simply the town name, apart from Partizani and Dinamo Tirana.

## InfoBox

Albanian National Championship
| Season | 1948 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Partizani |
| 1947 1949 | |


abstract: The 1948 All-Big Nine Conference football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Big Nine Conference teams selected by the Associated Press (AP), United Press (UP) and the International News Service (INS) for the 1948 Big Nine Conference football season. Players selected as first-team honorees by the AP, UP and INS are displayed in bold. Michigan compiled a 9–0 record, won both the Big Nine Conference and national football championships, and had four players who were selected as consensus first-team All-Big Nine players. Michigan's consensus first-team honorees were quarterback Pete Elliott, end Dick Rifenburg, tackle Alvin Wistert, guard Dominic Tomasi. Other players receiving first-team honors from at least two of the three major selectors were Indiana halfback George Taliaferro, Purdue halfback Harry Szulborski, Northwestern fullback Art Murakowski, Minnesota end Bud Grant, Minnesota guard Leo Nomellini, and Northwestern center Alex Sarkisian.

text:
# 1948 All-Big Nine Conference football team

The **1948 All-Big Nine Conference football team** consists of American football players selected to the All-Big Nine Conference teams selected by the Associated Press (AP), United Press (UP) and the International News Service (INS) for the 1948 Big Nine Conference football season. Players selected as first-team honorees by the AP, UP and INS are displayed in bold.

Michigan compiled a 9–0 record, won both the Big Nine Conference and national football championships, and had four players who were selected as consensus first-team All-Big Nine players. Michigan's consensus first-team honorees were quarterback Pete Elliott, end Dick Rifenburg, tackle Alvin Wistert, guard Dominic Tomasi.

Other players receiving first-team honors from at least two of the three major selectors were Indiana halfback George Taliaferro, Purdue halfback Harry Szulborski, Northwestern fullback Art Murakowski, Minnesota end Bud Grant, Minnesota guard Leo Nomellini, and Northwestern center Alex Sarkisian.

## All Big-Nine selections

### Ends

* **Dick Rifenburg**, Michigan (AP-1, INS-1; UP-1)
* **Bud Grant**, Minnesota (AP-1, INS-1; UP-1)
* Bob McKenzie, Iowa (AP-2, UP-2)
* Walt Kersulis, Illinois (AP-2, UP-2)
* Charles Hagmann, Northwestern (INS-2)
* Tony Klimek, Illinois (INS-2)

### Tackles

* **Alvin Wistert**, Michigan (AP-1, INS-1; UP-1)
* Bill Kay, Iowa (AP-1, INS-2; UP-1)
* Phil O'Reilly, Purdue (AP-2, INS-1, UP-2)
* John Goldsberry, Indiana (AP-2, UP-2)
* William S. "Steve" Sawle, Northwestern (INS-2)

### Guards

### Centers

### Quarterbacks

* **Pete Elliott**, Michigan (AP-1, INS-1; UP-1)
* Don Burson, Northwestern (AP-2, UP-2)

### Halfbacks

### Fullbacks

* **Art Murakowski**, Northwestern (AP-1, INS-1; UP-1)
* Joe Whisler, Ohio State (AP-2, INS-1, UP-2)

## Key

AP = Associated Press, chosen by conference coaches

UP = United Press

INS = International News Service

**Bold** = Consensus first-team selection by the AP, UP and INS


title: 1942 Football League War Cup final

abstract: The 1942 Football League War Cup final was contested by Wolverhampton Wanderers and Sunderland. For the only time in the competition's history, the trophy was decided over a two-leg final, played on 23 May and 30 May 1942. Wolverhampton Wanderers won the tie 6–3 on aggregate. One week after winning the Cup, Northern winners Wolves played the 1942 London Cup winners Brentford in a North v South charity decider at Stamford Bridge - the first of four consecutive years that such a club championship game was played on Chelsea's ground between the winners of the London Cup which was played as a single game at Wembley, and the two-legged winners of the Football League (North) War Cup. Wolves and Brentford drew the 1942 match 1-1 on 6 June in front of a crowd of 20,174. No replays were played when these North v South end of season 'deciders' at Chelsea ended in draws.

text:
# 1942 Football League War Cup final

The **1942 Football League War Cup final** was contested by Wolverhampton Wanderers and Sunderland. For the only time in the competition's history, the trophy was decided over a two-leg final, played on 23 May and 30 May 1942. Wolverhampton Wanderers won the tie 6–3 on aggregate.

One week after winning the Cup, Northern winners Wolves played the 1942 London Cup winners Brentford in a North v South charity decider at Stamford Bridge - the first of four consecutive years that such a club championship game was played on Chelsea's ground between the winners of the London Cup (from 1943 to 1945 renamed the Football League (South) War Cup) which was played as a single game at Wembley, and the two-legged winners of the Football League (North) War Cup. Wolves and Brentford drew the 1942 match 1-1 on 6 June in front of a crowd of 20,174. No replays were played when these North v South end of season 'deciders' at Chelsea ended in draws.

## Match details

### First leg

First leg

| Sunderland | 2–2 | Wolverhampton Wanderers |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Carter  54'
Stubbins  77' |  | Westcott  11', 87' |

Roker Park, SunderlandAttendance: 34,776

| **1**  Albert Heywood  **2**  Jimmy Gorman  **3**  John Eves  **4**  Arthur Housam  **5**  Billy Hewison  **6**  Alexander Hastings  **7**  Johnny Spuhler  **8**  Albert Stubbins  **9**  Cliff Whitelum  **10**  Raich Carter  **11**  Bill Robinson  **Manager:**  Bill Murray |  | **1**  Cyril Sidlow  **2**  Eric Robinson  **3**  Jack Dowen  **4**  Dennis Thornhill  **5**  Tom Galley  **6**  Dicky Dorsett  **7**  Frank Broome  **8**  Alex McIntosh  **9**  Dennis Westcott  **10**  Ernest Stevenson  **11**  Jimmy Mullen  **Manager:**  Major Frank Buckley |
| --- | --- | --- |

---

### Second leg

Second leg

| Wolverhampton Wanderers | 4–1 | Sunderland |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Westcott
Broome  51'
Rowley  59', 70' |  | Carter  58' |

Molineux Stadium, WolverhamptonAttendance: 43,038

| **1**  Cyril Sidlow  **3**  Jack Dowen  **3**  Frank Taylor  **4**  Eric Robinson  **5**  Tom Galley  **6**  Dicky Dorsett  **7**  Frank Broome  **8**  Alex McIntosh  **9**  Dennis Westcott  **10**  Jack Rowley  **11**  Jimmy Mullen  **Manager:**  Major Frank Buckley |  | **1**  Albert Heywood  **2**  Jimmy Gorman  **3**  John Eves  **4**  Arthur Housam  **5**  Billy Hewison  **6**  Alexander Hastings  **7**  Johnny Spuhler  **8**  Albert Stubbins  **9**  Cliff Whitelum  **10**  Raich Carter  **11**  Bill Robinson  **Manager:**  Bill Murray |
| --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

1942 Football League War Cup final
| Event | 1942 Football League War Cup |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| on aggregate | |
| First leg | |
|  | |
| Date | 23 May 1942 |
| Venue | Roker Park, Sunderland |
| Second leg | |
|  | |
| Date | 30 May 1942 |
| Venue | Molineux Stadium, Wolverhampton |
|


title: 1948–49 Rangers F.C. season

abstract: The 1948–49 season was the 69th season of competitive football by Rangers.

text:
# 1948–49 Rangers F.C. season

The **1948–49** season was the 69th season of competitive **football** by **Rangers**.

## Overview

Rangers played a total of 44 competitive matches during the 1948–49 season becoming the first club to win The Treble.

Rangers won the league by a single point over second placed Dundee, winning 20 of the 30 matches.

The Scottish Cup was won thanks to a 4–1 win over Clyde with goals from Billy Williamson, Jimmy Duncanson and a brace from George Young.

The club won the League Cup with a 2–0 win over Raith Rovers.

## Transfers

16 August 1948: Billy Arnison to Luton Town.

21 September 1948: Charlie Watkins to Luton Town.

## Results

All results are written with Rangers' score first.

### Scottish League Division A

| Date | Round | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14 Aug 1948 | Motherwell | A | 1–1 | 35,000 | Thornton |
| 18 Aug 1948 | Falkirk | H | 4–3 | 40,000 | Gillick (2), Thornton, Findlay |
| 21 Aug 1948 | Celtic | A | 1–0 | 50,000 | Findlay |
| 28 Aug 1948 | Dundee | H | 1–1 | 55,000 | Findlay |
| 1 Sep 1948 | Partick Thistle | A | 1–1 | 40,000 | Thornton |
| 4 Sep 1948 | Third Lanark | H | 2–1 | 35,000 | Williamson, Duncanson |
| 23 Oct 1948 | Hearts | A | 0–2 | 42,000 |  |
| 6 Nov 1948 | Hibernian | H | 2–4 | 50,000 | Thornton, Gillick |
| 13 Nov 1948 | St Mirren | A | 2–0 | 40,000 | Gillick, Waddell |
| 27 Nov 1948 | East Fife | A | 2–1 | 20,737 | Thornton, Duncanson |
| 4 Dec 1948 | Clyde | A | 3–1 | 25,000 | Thornton (2), Paton |
| 11 Dec 1948 | Morton | H | 4–1 | 25,000 | Thornton (2), Findlay, Rutherford |
| 18 Dec 1948 | Queen of the South | A | 2–0 | 20,200 | Thornton, Rutherford |
| 25 Dec 1948 | Falkirk | A | 2–2 | 21,000 | Paton, Waddell |
| 1 Jan 1949 | Celtic | H | 4–0 | 95,000 | Thornton, Duncanson (3) |
| 3 Jan 1949 | Dundee | A | 1–3 | 39,000 | Marshall |
| 8 Jan 1949 | Motherwell | H | 2–0 | 55,000 | Paton, Thornton |
| 15 Jan 1949 | Third Lanark | A | 1–2 | 35,000 | Thornton |
| 29 Jan 1949 | Partick Thistle | H | 2–2 | 55,000 | Thornton, Cox |
| 12 Feb 1949 | Aberdeen | A | 2–0 | 42,000 | Thornton, Paton |
| 19 Feb 1949 | Hibernian | A | 1–0 | 50,000 | Paton |
| 26 Feb 1949 | St Mirren | H | 2–1 | 40,000 | Thornton, Duncanson |
| 19 Mar 1949 | Clyde | H | 4–1 | 50,000 | Paton (2), Thornton, Duncanson |
| 2 Apr 1949 | Queen of the South | H | 3–0 | 28,000 | Thornton (2), Duncanson |
| 5 Apr 1949 | Hearts | H | 2–1 | 45,000 | Cox, Paton |
| 13 Apr 1949 | East Fife | H | 3–1 | 35,000 | Young (2, 2 pen), Paton |
| 16 Apr 1949 | Aberdeen | H | 1–1 | 45,000 | Duncanson |
| 18 Apr 1949 | Albion Rovers | H | 3–1 | 16,000 | Williamson, Waddell, Young (pen) |
| 25 Apr 1949 | Morton | A | 1–0 | 40,000 | Thornton |
| 30 Apr 1949 | Albion Rovers | A | 4–1 | 15,000 | Thornton (3), Duncanson |

### Scottish Cup

| Date | Round | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 22 Jan 1949 | R1 | Elgin City | H | 6–1 | 29,000 | Thornton (2), Duncanson (2), Cox, Rutherford |
| 5 Feb 1949 | R2 | Motherwell | A | 3–0 | 31,000 | Young (pen), Paton, Thornton |
| 5 Mar 1949 | QF | Partick Thistle | H | 4–0 | 65,000 | Thornton (2), Duncanson, Paton |
| 26 Mar 1949 | SF | East Fife | N | 3–0 | 104,958 | Thornton (3) |
| 23 Apr 1949 | F | Clyde | N | 4–1 | 120,162 | Young (2, 2 pen), Williamson, Duncanson |

### League Cup

| Date | Round | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 11 Sep 1948 | SR | Clyde | H | 1–1 | 50,000 | Findlay |
| 18 Sep 1948 | SR | Hibernian | A | 0–0 | 47,000 |  |
| 25 Sep 1948 | SR | Celtic | A | 1–3 | 65,000 | Findlay |
| 2 Oct 1948 | SR | Clyde | A | 3–1 | 27,000 | Waddell (3, 2 pen) |
| 9 Oct 1948 | SR | Hibernian | H | 1–0 | 76,466 | Thornton |
| 16 Oct 1948 | SR | Celtic | H | 2–1 | 105,000 | Williamson, Waddell |
| 30 Oct 1948 | QF | St Mirren | H | 1–0 | 50,000 | Thornton |
| 20 Nov 1948 | SF | Dundee | N | 4–1 | 50,996 | Rutherford, McColl, Duncanson, Thornton |
| 12 Mar 1949 | F | Raith Rovers | N | 2–0 | 57,450 | Gillick, Paton |

## Appearances

| Player | Position | Appearances | Goals |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bobby Brown | GK | 44 | 0 |
| George Young | DF | 42 | 6 |
| Jock Shaw | DF | 41 | 0 |
| Ian McColl | DF | 41 | 1 |
| Willie Woodburn | DF | 42 | 0 |
| Sammy Cox | DF | 43 | 3 |
| William Waddell | MF | 33 | 7 |
| Willie Findlay | FW | 16 | 6 |
| Willie Thornton | FW | 43 | 34 |
| Jimmy Duncanson | FW | 37 | 15 |
| Jimmy Caskie | MF | 2 | 0 |
| Eddie Rutherford | MF | 35 | 4 |
| Torrance Gillick | MF | 12 | 5 |
| John Lindsay | DF | 6 | 0 |
| Jimmy Frame | MF | 1 | 0 |
| Dave Marshall | FW | 6 | 1 |
| Billy Williamson | FW | 11 | 4 |
| Willie Rae | MF | 4 | 0 |
| Willie Paton | MF | 24 | 12 |
| Willie Walmsley | MF | 1 | 0 |

## InfoBox

Rangers
| 1948–49 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Chairman | John Wilson |
| Manager | Bill Struth |
| Ground | Ibrox Park |
| Scottish League Division One | 1st
P30 W20 D6 L4 F63 A32 Pts46 |
| Scottish Cup | Winners |
| League Cup | Winners |
| Top goalscorer | League:
Willie Thornton (23)
All:
Willie Thornton (34) |
|  | |


abstract: The 1948–49 Salvadoran Football Championship was the 11th season of the first division of Salvadoran football. C.D. Once Municipal was the season's champion, the club's first title.

text:
# 1948–49 Salvadoran Football Championship

The **1948–49 Salvadoran Football Championship** was the 11th season of the first division of Salvadoran football. C.D. Once Municipal was the season's champion, the club's first title.

## Team information

### Personnel and sponsoring

| Team | Chairman | Head Coach | Captain | Kitmaker | Shirt sponsor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Alacranes | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Cuscatleco | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Dragon | TBD |  | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Espana | TBD |  |  | TBD | TBD |
| FAS | TBD | Armando Chacón | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Ferrocarril | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Independiente | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Juventud Olímpica | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Libertad F.C. | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| LA Firpo | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Once Municipal | TBD | Alberto Cevasco | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Quequeisque | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |
| Santa Anita | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD | TBD |

## League table

A total of 305 matches were held during the 1948–49 league season. Seven matches at the end of the season were not played as C.D. Once Municipal was already determined to be as the league's champion, leaving the remaining matches as unnecessary.

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Once Municipal (C) | 24 | 15 | 7 | 2 | 71 | 27 | +44 | 37 |
| 2 | Libertad F.C. | 24 | 14 | 8 | 2 | 59 | 22 | +37 | 36 |
| 3 | FAS | 23 | 13 | 3 | 7 | 59 | 47 | +12 | 29 |
| 4 | Juvetud Olimpica | 24 | 11 | 4 | 9 | 42 | 44 | 2 | 26 |
| 5 | Dragon | 22 | 10 | 5 | 7 | 37 | 31 | +6 | 25 |
| 6 | LA Firpo | 22 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 43 | 41 | +2 | 25 |
| 7 | Santa Anita | 21 | 10 | 4 | 7 | 38 | 28 | +10 | 24 |
| 8 | Alacranes | 24 | 7 | 6 | 11 | 31 | 41 | 10 | 20 |
| 9 | Espana | 21 | 8 | 4 | 9 | 36 | 43 | 7 | 20 |
| 10 | Independiente | 23 | 6 | 7 | 10 | 31 | 41 | 10 | 19 |
| 11 | C.D. Ferrocarril | 23 | 5 | 5 | 13 | 29 | 42 | 13 | 15 |
| 12 | Cuscatleco | 22 | 5 | 3 | 14 | 34 | 56 | 22 | 13 |
| 13 | Quequeisque | 23 | 2 | 3 | 18 | 23 | 76 | 53 | 7 |

Source: RSSSF
(C) Champions

## InfoBox

1948–49 Salvadoran Football Championship
| Season | 194849 |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 1948 – 1949 |
| Champions | Once Municipal (1st title) |
| Matches played | 305 |
| Goals scored | 553 or 539 (1 per match) |
| 1947 1950–51 | |


title: Equity Funding Corporation of America

abstract: Equity Funding Corporation of America was a Los Angeles-based U.S. financial conglomerate that marketed a package of mutual funds and life insurance to private individuals in the 1960s and 70s. It collapsed in scandal in 1973 after former employee Ronald Secrist and securities analyst Ray Dirks blew the whistle on massive accounting fraud, including a computer system dedicated exclusively to creating and maintaining fictitious insurance policies. Investigation found that from 1964 onward, as many as 100 company employees had engaged in organized deception of investors, auditors, reinsurers and regulatory authorities.

text:
# Equity Funding Corporation of America

**Equity Funding Corporation of America** was a Los Angeles-based U.S. financial conglomerate that marketed a package of mutual funds and life insurance to private individuals in the 1960s and 70s.

It collapsed in scandal in 1973 after former employee Ronald Secrist and securities analyst Ray Dirks blew the whistle on massive accounting fraud, including a computer system dedicated exclusively to creating and maintaining fictitious insurance policies. Investigation found that from 1964 onward, as many as 100 company employees had engaged in organized deception of investors, auditors, reinsurers and regulatory authorities.

## History

Equity Funding was founded in 1960. Its two top officials and shareholders were Stanley Goldblum and Michael Riordan (brother of future Mayor of Los Angeles Richard Riordan), who was killed in January 1969 in a mudslide that destroyed his home in Los Angeles. The company went public in 1964. By 1972, it was one of the ten largest life insurance companies in the United States, as well as the fastest growing one, with (claimed) assets of $500 million.

The company created more than 60,000 bogus life insurance policies that it sold to reinsurance companies for a fee. In order to pay the premiums on the policies, Equity Funding created additional bogus policies that they would also sell. Sometimes they would claim the bogus policyholder died and then receive the death benefits from the reinsurance company.

The company's stock was over $28 per share on March 9, 1973. Insiders began selling large positions of stock beginning March 13. The price dropped; following massive share trading volume on March 26, and the price fell to $14 the next day. NYSE suspended trading.

The company filed for bankruptcy on April 5, 1973. Indictments were served against 22 individuals in November 1973; Stanley Goldblum pled guilty and was sentenced to eight years in prison (of which he served four years) and was fined $20,000. Fred Levin, an executive vice president, was sentenced to seven years. In all, 22 people involved in the fraud either pled guilty or were convicted. Numerous other employees involved in the fraud were never charged.

An important sidelight was the filing of insider trading charges against whistleblower Dirks. The ensuing case of *Raymond L. Dirks v. Securities and Exchange Commission* went all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court where Dirks was finally acquitted. The case has been termed historic in helping to define insider trading, as well as the treatment of whistleblowers, analysts and the press.

* *The Great Wall Street Scandal.* By Raymond L. Dirks and Leonard Gross. New York: McGraw Hill Book Company, 1974. ISBN 978-0070170254
* *The Impossible Dream: The Equity Funding Story; The Fraud of the Century.* By Ronald L. Soble and Robert E. Dallos. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1975. ISBN 978-0399113789

## InfoBox

Equity Funding Corporation of America
| Company type | Public company |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Insurance |
| Founded | 1960 (1960) in Los Angeles, United States |
| Defunct | 1973 (1973) |
| Fate | Collapsed after fraud scandal |
| Headquarters | Los Angeles, United States |
| Area served | United States |
| Key people | Stanley Goldblum and Michael Riordan |
| Products | Mutual funds and life insurance |


title: Equity Bank Tanzania Limited

abstract: Equity Bank Tanzania Limited, is a commercial bank in Tanzania, the second-largest economy in the East African Community. It is licensed by the Bank of Tanzania, the country's central bank and national banking regulator. The bank is a member of the Equity Group Holdings Limited, a large financial services conglomerate, headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya, with subsidiaries in Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo and a representative office in Ethiopia.

text:
# Equity Bank Tanzania Limited

**Equity Bank Tanzania Limited**, is a commercial bank in Tanzania, the second-largest economy in the East African Community. It is licensed by the Bank of Tanzania, the country's central bank and national banking regulator. The bank is a member of the Equity Group Holdings Limited, a large financial services conglomerate, headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya, with subsidiaries in Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo and a representative office in Ethiopia.

## Overview

As of September 2014, Equity Bank Tanzania Limited owned total assets valued at US$143.42 million, with US$107.68 million in customer deposits and a loan book of US$87.1 million. As at 31 June 2016, his bank was the leading originator of mortgage loans in Tanzania, accounting for an estimated TSh96 billion (approx. US$45 million) in total mortgage loans. At that time, this translated in about 20 percent market share of all mortgage loans in the country.

In 2019, Equity Group Holdings Limited began talks to acquire four banks in Tanzania, Rwanda, Zambia and Mozambique from Atlas Mara in a share deal valued at KSh10.6 billion (US$965 million) where the company had recorded a pre-tax loss of KSh 559 million (US$5.09 million). The transaction deal was dropped so that Equity Group Holdings Limited could stock their reserves and have cash flow during the COVID-19 pandemic that was being reported worldwide.

By December 2020, Equity Bank Tanzania Limited recorded a total value of $162 million (KSh 17.8 billion) in customer deposits, a loan book worth $138 million( KSh 15.2 million) and asset value worth $259 million (KSh 28.5 billion).

## Equity Group Holdings Limited

Equity Group Holdings Limited is a large financial services group in East Africa. As of March 2014, As of August 2021, the group had an asset base valued at over US$10.2 billion (KSh 1.12 trillion), with a total customer base in excess of 14 million. The companies that comprise the Equity Bank Group include the following:

1. Equity Bank Kenya LimitedNairobi, Kenya
2. Equity Bank Rwanda LimitedKigali, Rwanda
3. Equity Bank South Sudan LimitedJuba, South Sudan
4. **Equity Bank Tanzania Limited**Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
5. Equity Bank Uganda LimitedKampala, Uganda
6. Equity Banque Commerciale du CongoKinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
7. Equity Consulting Group Limited – Nairobi, Kenya
8. Equity Insurance Agency Limited – Nairobi, Kenya
9. Equity Nominees Limited – Nairobi, Kenya
10. Equity Investment Services Limited – Nairobi, Kenya
11. Finserve Africa LimitedNairobi, Kenya
12. Equity Group FoundationNairobi, Kenya

Shares of the stock of Equity Group Holdings Limited, are listed on the Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE), under the symbol **EQTY**. The Group's stock is also cross-listed on the Uganda Securities Exchange (USE), under the symbol **EBL**.

## InfoBox

Equity Bank Tanzania Limited
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Financial services |
| Founded | 2012 |
| Headquarters | Golden Jubilee Towers, Ohio Street Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
| Number of locations | 14 branches (2020) |
| Area served | Tanzania |
| Key people | **Raymond Mbilinyi** \- Non-Executive Chairman<br>**Robert Kiboti** \- Managing Director |
| Products |  |
| Revenue | US$19.1 million (2020) |
| Total assets | US$259.1 million (2020) |
| Owner | Equity Group Holdings |
| Number of employees | 399 (Q4:2019) |
| Parent | Equity Group Holdings Limited |
| Website | tz.equitybankgroup.com |


abstract: The 1942 United States Senate election in Kentucky took place on November 3, 1942. Incumbent Democratic Senator Happy Chandler was re-elected to a full term in office over Republican Richard J. Colbert.

text:
# 1942 United States Senate election in Kentucky

The **1942 United States Senate election in Kentucky** took place on November 3, 1942. Incumbent Democratic Senator Happy Chandler was re-elected to a full term in office over Republican Richard J. Colbert.

## General election

### Candidates

* Happy Chandler, incumbent Senator since 1939 and former Governor (Democratic)
* Richard J. Colbert, Lexington attorney (Republican)

### Results

1942 U.S. Senate election in Kentucky
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Happy Chandler (incumbent)** | **216,958** | **55.34%** |  |
|  | Republican | Richard J. Colbert | 175,081 | 44.66% |  |
| Total votes | | | **392,039** | **100.00%** |  |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

1. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives (1943). "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1942" (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office.

## InfoBox

1942 United States Senate election in Kentucky
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Happy Chandler** Richard J. Colbert   Party Democratic Republican  Popular vote **216,958** 175,081  Percentage **55.34%** 44.66% | |
| ---  County results
**Chandler:**      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
**Colbert:**      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90% | |
| ---  **U.S. senator before election**
Happy Chandler
Democratic **Elected U.S. Senator**
Happy Chandler
Democratic | |


title: Edward Moon (MP)

abstract: Edward Robert Pacy Moon was a British barrister and Conservative MP for St Pancras North. He won the seat from the Liberals in 1895, held it in 1900, but lost it back to them in the 1906 landslide. He was educated at Winchester College and Oxford University, and qualified as a barrister. He married Frideswide, daughter of Sir Arthur Kekewich.

text:
# Edward Moon (MP)

**Edward Robert Pacy Moon** (1858  11 September 1949) was a British barrister and Conservative MP for St Pancras North.

He won the seat from the Liberals in 1895, held it in 1900, but lost it back to them in the 1906 landslide.

He was educated at Winchester College and Oxford University, and qualified as a barrister.

He married Frideswide, daughter of Sir Arthur Kekewich.

## Sources


title: Basie at Birdland

abstract: Basie at Birdland is a 1961 live album by the Count Basie Orchestra that was recorded at Birdland in New York City.

text:
# Basie at Birdland

***Basie at Birdland*** is a 1961 live album by the Count Basie Orchestra that was recorded at Birdland in New York City.

## Reception

The Allmusic review by Michael G. Nastos gave the album four stars, stating, "This has always been one of the more enjoyable live recordings from Basie and company, and still can be easily recommended for novices as well as aficionados of his unflappable ability to swing a band like nobody else."

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Allmusic* |  |
| *The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings* |  |

## Track listing

1. "Little Pony" (Neal Hefti) – 2:22
2. "Basie" (Ernie Wilkins) – 3:23
3. "Blues Backstage" (Frank Foster) – 4:58
4. "Blee Blop Blues" (A. K. Salim) – 2:17
5. "Whirly-Bird" (Hefti) – 3:59
6. "One O'Clock Jump" (Count Basie) – 0:55
7. "Good Time Blues" (Wilkins) – 6:40
8. "Segue in C" (Frank Wess) – 9:18
9. "One O'Clock Jump" – 4:41
10. "Easin' It" (Foster) – 5:41
11. "A Little Tempo, Please" (Hefti) – 3:02
12. "Corner Pocket" (Freddie Green) – 5:07
13. "I Needs to Be Bee'd With" (Quincy Jones) – 4:23
14. "Discommotion" (Foster) – 4:16
15. "Segue in C" (Wess) – 8:11
16. "Whirly-Bird" – 3:43
17. "One O'Clock Jump" – 1:02

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Basie at Birdland | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Count Basie | |
| Released | July 28, 1961 |
| Recorded | June 27–28, 1961 |
| Venue | Birdland, New York City |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 35:48 |
| Label | Roulette |
| Count Basie chronology | |
| *Count Basie/Sarah Vaughan*
(1961) ***Basie at Birdland***
(1961) *First Time! The Count Meets the Duke*
(1961) | |


abstract: The 1997–98 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens men's basketball team represented the University of Delaware during the 1997–98 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Fightin' Blue Hens, led by third-year head coach Mike Brey, played their home games at the Delaware Field House and were members of the America East Conference. They finished the season 20–10, 12–6 in AEC play to finish atop the conference regular season standings. They were champions of the AEC tournament to earn an automatic bid to the NCAA tournament where they lost in the opening round to No. 2 seed Purdue.

text:
# 1997–98 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens men's basketball team

1997–98 America East Conference men's basketball standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | PCT |  |  | W |  | L |  | PCT |
| Delaware | 12 |  | 6 |  | .667 |  |  | 20 |  | 10 |  | .667 |
| Boston University | 12 |  | 6 |  | .667 |  |  | 19 |  | 11 |  | .633 |
| Vermont | 11 |  | 7 |  | .611 |  |  | 16 |  | 11 |  | .593 |
| Hartford | 11 |  | 7 |  | .611 |  |  | 15 |  | 12 |  | .556 |
| Hofstra | 11 |  | 7 |  | .611 |  |  | 19 |  | 12 |  | .613 |
| Drexel | 10 |  | 8 |  | .556 |  |  | 13 |  | 15 |  | .464 |
| Northeastern | 9 |  | 9 |  | .500 |  |  | 14 |  | 14 |  | .500 |
| New Hampshire | 6 |  | 12 |  | .333 |  |  | 10 |  | 17 |  | .370 |
| Towson | 4 |  | 14 |  | .222 |  |  | 8 |  | 20 |  | .286 |
| Maine | 4 |  | 14 |  | .222 |  |  | 7 |  | 20 |  | .259 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1998 America East tournament winner
Rankings from AP poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1997–98 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens men's basketball team** represented the University of Delaware during the 1997–98 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Fightin' Blue Hens, led by third-year head coach Mike Brey, played their home games at the Delaware Field House and were members of the America East Conference. They finished the season 20–10, 12–6 in AEC play to finish atop the conference regular season standings. They were champions of the AEC tournament to earn an automatic bid to the NCAA tournament where they lost in the opening round to No. 2 seed Purdue.

## Roster

| 1997–98 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens men's basketball team | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| Pos. # Name Height Weight Year Hometown  3 Tyrone Perry 5 ft 11 in (1.8 m) 175 lb (79 kg) Jr Newport News, Virginia  5 Mike Pegues 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) 230 lb (104 kg) So Washington, D.C.  22 Darryl Presley 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) 215 lb (98 kg) So    John Bennett 6 ft 10 in (2.08 m) 225 lb (102 kg) Jr | Head coach Assistant coach(es)   ---  Legend* **(C)** Team captain * **(S)** Suspended * **(I)** Ineligible * **(W)** Walk-on |

## Schedule and results

| Date
time, TV | Rank# | Opponent# | Result | Record | Site (attendance)
city, state |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Regular season | | | | | | | | |
| Nov 15, 1997*
 |  | at George Washington | **L** 79–84 |
 | Charles E. Smith Athletic Center
Washington, D.C. |
| Nov 25, 1997*
7:30 p.m. |  | Virginia | **L** 57–64 |
 | Bob Carpenter Center (4,353)
Newark, Delaware |
| Dec 3, 1997
 |  | at Drexel | **L** 63–65 |
 | Daskalakis Athletic Center
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| America East tournament | | | | | | | | |
| NCAA tournament | | | | | | | | |
| Mar 13, 1998*
 | (15 MW) | vs. (2 MW) No. 11 Purdue
*First round* | **L** 56–95 | 20–10
 | United Center
Chicago, Illinois |
| *Non-conference game. #Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses.
MW=Midwest.
All times are in Eastern Time. | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1997–98 Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens men's basketball | |
| --- | --- |
| America East regular season champions
America East tournament champions | |
| NCAA tournament | |
| Conference | America East Conference |
| Record | 20–10 (12–6 AEC) |
| Head coach |  |
| Assistant coach | Kenny Blakeney |
| Home arena | Delaware Field House |
|


title: 10th Philippine Legislature

abstract: The 10th Philippine Legislature was the meeting of the legislature of the Philippines under the sovereign control of the United States from 1934 to 1935.

text:
# 10th Philippine Legislature

The **10th Philippine Legislature** was the meeting of the legislature of the Philippines under the sovereign control of the United States from 1934 to 1935.

## Sessions

* **First Regular Session**: July 16 – November 8, 1934
* **First Special Session**: April 8, 1935
* **Second Special Session**: June 12 – 22, 1935
* **Second Regular Session**: June 24 – October 17, 1935
* **Third Special Session**: November 12 – 21, 1935

## Leadership

### Senate

### House of Representatives

## Members

### Senate

The following are the terms of the elected senators of this Legislature, according to the date of election:

Senators of the 12th District were appointed for indefinite terms.

The inauguration of the Commonwealth of the Philippines on November 15, 1935 abolished the Senate and ended the terms of all the senators.

| District | Term ending | Senator | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1st District | 1937 | Elpidio Quirino |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 1940 | Melecio Arranz |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| 2nd District | 1937 | Alejo Mabanag |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| | 1940 | Teofilo Sison |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| 3rd District | 1937 | Sotero Baluyut |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 1940 | Hermogenes Concepcion |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| 4th District | 1937 | Juan Nolasco |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 1940 | Juan Sumulong |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| 5th District | 1937 | Claro M. Recto |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 1940 | Manuel L. Quezon |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| 6th District | 1937 | Jose O. Vera |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| | 1940 | Domingo Imperial |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| 7th District | 1937 | Ruperto Montinola |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| | 1940 | Potenciano Treñas |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| 8th District | 1937 | Gil Montilla |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 1940 | Isaac Lacson |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| 9th District | 1937 | Jose Maria Veloso |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 1940 | Jose Avelino |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| 10th District | 1937 | Manuel Briones |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| | 1940 | Sergio Osmeña |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| 11th District | 1937 | Juan Torralba |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 1940 | Jose Clarin |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| 12th District |  | Juan Gaerlan |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| |  | Datu Sinsuat Balabaran |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |

### House of Representatives

| Province/City | District | Representative | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Abra | Lone | Quintin Paredes |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Albay | 1st | Exequiel Kare |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 2nd | Justino N. Nuyda |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 3rd | Sulpicio V. Cea |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 4th | Jose T. Surtida |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Antique | Lone | Calixto Zaldivar |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| Bataan | Lone | Teodoro Camacho |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Batanes | Lone | Vicente Agan |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Batangas | 1st | Ramon Diokno |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 2nd | Luis Francisco |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 3rd | Emilio U. Mayo |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Bohol | 1st | Bernardo Josol |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 2nd | Macario Q. Falcon |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 3rd | Margarito E. Revilles |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| Bulacan | 1st | Francisco Afan Delgado |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 2nd | Pablo C. Payaual |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Cagayan | 1st | Nicanor Carag |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 2nd | Cosme Marzan |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Camarines Norte | Lone | Gabriel Hernandez |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Camarines Sur | 1st | Ignacio Meliton |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 2nd | Luis N. de Leon |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Capiz | 1st | Manuel Roxas |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| | 2nd | Jose A. Dorado |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| | 3rd | Rufino L. Garde |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| Cavite | Lone | Francisco Arca |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Cebu | 1st | Tereso Dosdos |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 2nd | Hilario Abellana |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| | 3rd | Vicente Rama |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 4th | Agustin Kintanar |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 5th | Miguel Cuenco |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| | 6th | Nicolas Rafols |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| | 7th | Buenaventura Rodriguez |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| Ilocos Norte | 1st | Vicente T. Lazo |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 2nd | Julio Nalundasan |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Ilocos Sur | 1st | Pedro Singson Reyes |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 2nd | Prospero Sanidad |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Iloilo | 1st | Jose Zulueta |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 2nd | Vicente R. Ybiernas |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 3rd | Atanasio Ampig |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| | 4th | Federico R. Tirador |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| | 5th | Venancio Cudillo |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| Isabela | Lone | Silvino M. Gumpal |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| La Union | 1st | Francisco I. Ortega |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 2nd | Enrique Rimando |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Laguna | 1st | Aurelio C. Almazan |  | Sakdalista |
| | 2nd | Mariano S. Untivero |  | Sakdalista |
| Leyte | 1st | Carlos Tan |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 2nd | Dominador M. Tan |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 3rd | Tomas Oppus |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 4th | Fortunato M. Sevilla |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 5th | Jorge B. Delgado |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Manila | 1st | Francisco Varona |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| | 2nd | Alfonso E. Mendoza |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| Marinduque | Lone | Jose A. Uy |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Masbate | Lone | Emilio B. Espinosa |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Mindanao and Sulu | Lone | Alauya Alonto |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | | Ombra Amilbangsa |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | | Manuel Fortich |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | | Doroteo Karagdag |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | | Julian A. Rodriguez |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Mindoro | Lone | Raul T. Leuterio |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Misamis Occidental | Lone | Jose Ozamiz |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Misamis Oriental | Lone | Segundo Gaston |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| Mountain Province | Lone | Emiliano P. Aguirre |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | | Felix P. Diaz |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | | Rodolfo Hidalgo |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Negros Occidental | 1st | Enrique Magalona |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 2nd | Ramon Torres |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 3rd | Agustin S. Ramos |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Negros Oriental | 1st | Guillermo Z. Villanueva |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 2nd | Jose E. Romero |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Nueva Ecija | 1st | Jose Robles Jr. |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| | 2nd | Isauro Gabaldon |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Nueva Vizcaya | Lone | Severino Purugganan |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Palawan | Lone | Claudio R. Sandoval |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Pampanga | 1st | Eligio G. Lagman |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| | | Maximo Dimson |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 2nd | Jose P. Fausto |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| Pangasinan | 1st | Potenciano Pecson |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 2nd | Eugenio Perez |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 3rd | Daniel Maramba |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 4th | Cipriano Primicias Sr. |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| | 5th | Narciso Ramos |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Rizal | 1st | Pedro Magsalin |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 2nd | Eulogio Rodriguez |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Romblon | Lone | Leonardo Festin |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Samar | 1st | Antolin D. Tan |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| | 2nd | Serafin S. Marabut |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 3rd | Gerardo Morrero |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Sorsogon | 1st | Adolfo Gerona |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 2nd | Fernando B. Duran |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Surigao | Lone | Ricardo Navarro |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| Tarlac | 1st | Jose Cojuangco |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 2nd | Feliciano B. Gardiner |  | Nacionalista Democrata Pro-Independencia |
| Tayabas | 1st | Jose A. Angara |  | Nacionalista Democratico |
| | 2nd | Antonio Z. Argosino |  | Sakdalista |
| Zambales | Lone | Felipe Estella |  | Nacionalista Democratico |

* "List of Senators". Senate of the Philippines. Archived from the original on September 14, 2006. Retrieved September 16, 2006.
* "The LAWPH*i*L Project – Philippine Laws and Jurispudance Databank". Arellano Law Foundation. Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. Retrieved September 16, 2006.

## Further reading

* Philippine House of Representatives Congressional Library
* Paras, Corazon L. (2000). *The Presidents of the Senate of the Republic of the Philippines*. ISBN 971-8832-24-6.
* Pobre, Cesar P. (2000). *Philippine Legislature 100 Years*. ISBN 971-92245-0-9.

## InfoBox

| 10th Philippine Legislature | |
| --- | --- |
| 9th 1st National Assembly | |
|  | |
| Overview | |
| Term | July 16, 1934 – November 21, 1935 |
| Governor-General | Frank Murphy |
| Senate | |
| Members | 24 |
| President | Manuel L. Quezon |
| President pro tempore |  |
| Majority leader | Claro M. Recto |
| House of Representatives | |
| Members | 92 |
| Speaker | Quintin Paredes |
| Speaker pro tempore | Jose Zulueta |
| Majority leader | Jose E. Romero |


title: Armed Forces Memorial

abstract: The Armed Forces Memorial is a national memorial in the United Kingdom, dedicated to the 16,000 servicemen and women of the British Armed Forces killed on duty or through terrorist action since after the Second World War. It is within the National Memorial Arboretum in Staffordshire.

text:
# Armed Forces Memorial

The **Armed Forces Memorial** is a national memorial in the United Kingdom, dedicated to the 16,000 servicemen and women of the British Armed Forces killed on duty or through terrorist action since after the Second World War. It is within the National Memorial Arboretum in Staffordshire.

## History

The creation of a national memorial for members of the Armed Forces killed on duty was announced by the Secretary of State for Defence in a statement in the House of Commons on 10 November 2000, to be funded by public subscription.

An international competition was held for the design of the Memorial, which was won by Liam O'Connor Architects and Planning Consultants, with Ian Rank-Broadley, Sculptor. The project design team consisted of Liam O'Connor (architect), Christopher Barrett (project manager), Alan Baxter & Associates (structural & civil engineers), Christina Godiksen, Robert Rhodes, and Daniel Benson. Liam O'Connor also designed the Commonwealth Memorial Gates on Constitution Hill in London. Ian Rank-Broadley conceived and executed the sculpture of the Memorial. He earlier sculpted the effigy of Queen Elizabeth II which has appeared on coins in the UK and Commonwealth coins since 1998. The letter cutting was done by Richard Kindersley. The design of the Memorial was officially unveiled at the Imperial War Museum, London on 6 April 2005.

The Memorial was officially dedicated on 12 October 2007 in a ceremony presided by Queen Elizabeth II and attended by Prime Minister Gordon Brown and Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams. It was opened to the public on 29 October 2007. At the unveiling Prince Charles, the Prince of Wales said:

> The magnificence of this new memorial will, at long last, provide a fitting recognition for all those killed on duty since the end of the Second World War. It does not differentiate between those killed in the heat of battle or on a training exercise, by terrorist action or on peace-keeping missions.

In addition to the Memorial in Staffordshire, a memorial without names will be added to the South Cloister of Westminster Abbey, dedicated to members of the Armed Forces killed in conflict and the members of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary and the Merchant Navy who died in conflict zones since the end of the Second World War; and rolls of honour will be displayed at the St Martin-in-the-Fields (for the Royal Navy) and the chapel of the Royal Hospital Chelsea (for the British Army), in addition to the existing Rolls of Honour for the Royal Air Force at St Clement Danes in the Strand.

## Design

The Memorial cost £6 million to build, principally funded by sales of a commemorative Trafalgar coin sold by the Royal Mint, and grants from the Millennium Commission. The Memorial takes the form of an earth tumulus (mound), 100 metres in diameter. Inspiration for the Memorial came from "the ancient burial mounds of our ancestors … that recollects monuments like Silbury Hill and the mounds around Stonehenge.

The mound is surmounted by a Portland stone circle, with openings to the east and west and an obelisk at the eastern end. Within the circle are two straight stone walls, with bronze sculptures at their centres. The names of the 16,000 service personnel are carved into the Memorial's stone walls, with space for an additional 15,000 names to be added. The names of all those killed in combat, in training, on peacekeeping operations and on exercise are included. It includes the dead from operations in Palestine, Korea, Malaya, the Falkland Islands, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Northern Ireland.

The earliest qualifying date for casualties being listed on the memorial is 1 January 1948. This follows on from the closing date for commemoration by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission of 31 December 1947, although the memorial also lists casualties of the 1947-48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine (pre-independence Israel). Names are grouped under year of death, within each year grouped under the force in which they served.

The bronze sculptures are the work of Ian Rank-Broadley. The Stretcher Bearers sculpture shows a wounded serviceman borne by comrades, watched by grieving family. It represents the cost of armed conflict on those left behind. The Gates sculpture group shows the body of a fallen serviceman taken into the arms of his comrades, and a figure pointing through the Great Gates of Eternity to Paradise. For this work Rank-Broadley received the 2008 Marsh Award for Excellence in Public Sculpture.

The structure is aligned so that at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month, the sun's rays will stream through the gap to illuminate the centre of the Memorial.

## Location

The Memorial is located on a 150-acre (0.61 km2) site at the National Memorial Arboretum, at Alrewas near Lichfield in Staffordshire, which opened in 2001, where there are already a number of Service-related memorials. A central location in the UK, outside London, was chosen deliberately to ensure that the memorial was accessible to all communities in the UK.

## Notable commemoratees

Those whose names are inscribed on the memorial include (chronological order):

## InfoBox

| Armed Forces Memorial | |
| --- | --- |
| United Kingdom | |
| The memorial, photographed on 15 October 2011 | |
| For all UK servicemen and women killed on duty since the Second World War | |
| Unveiled | 12 October 2007 (2007-10-12) |
| Location | 52°43′39″N 1°43′37″W / 52.7274°N 1.727°W / 52.7274; -1.727
National Memorial Arboretum
near Alrewas, Staffordshire |
| Designed by | Liam O'Connor,
Ian Rank-Broadley (sculptor) |
| We Will Remember Them; Today, Tomorrow, Forever. | |


title: Anthony Blue

abstract: Anthony Blue is a former Canadian Football League defensive back. Graduating from UNLV, Blue played 14 games with the Las Vegas Posse in 1994, making 23 tackles and returning 1 punt.

text:
# Anthony Blue

**Anthony Blue** is a former Canadian Football League defensive back.

Graduating from UNLV, Blue played 14 games with the Las Vegas Posse in 1994, making 23 tackles and returning 1 punt.

## InfoBox

Anthony Blue
| Born: | Sept. 19, 1964<br>Inglewood, CA |
| --- | --- |
| Career information | |
| Position(s) | Defensive back |
| College | UNLV |
| Career history | |
| As player | |
| 1987 | Seattle Seahawks |
| 1994 | Las Vegas Posse |
|  | |


title: Evotrochis

abstract: Evotrochis is a genus of flowering plants in the primula family, Primulaceae. It includes seven species of perennial plants native to western Asia and northeastern Africa, ranging from southeastern Turkey to Nepal, and to the southern Sinai Peninsula, the southwestern Arabian Peninsula, and the Horn of Africa.

text:
# Evotrochis

***Evotrochis*** is a genus of flowering plants in the primula family, Primulaceae. It includes seven species of perennial plants native to western Asia and northeastern Africa, ranging from southeastern Turkey to Nepal, and to the southern Sinai Peninsula, the southwestern Arabian Peninsula, and the Horn of Africa.

## Species

Seven species are accepted.

## InfoBox

| *Evotrochis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Primulaceae |
| Subfamily: | Primuloideae |
| Genus: | *Evotrochis*<br>Raf. (1837) |
|
| Species | |
|  | |


title: Energy amplifier

abstract: option making of extra gain from actinides and fission products In nuclear physics, an energy amplifier is a novel type of nuclear power reactor, a subcritical reactor, in which an energetic particle beam is used to stimulate a reaction, which in turn releases enough energy to power the particle accelerator and leave an energy profit for power generation. The concept has more recently been referred to as an accelerator-driven system (ADS) or accelerator-driven sub-critical reactor. None have ever been built.

text:
# Energy amplifier

In nuclear physics, an **energy amplifier** is a novel type of nuclear power reactor, a subcritical reactor, in which an energetic particle beam is used to stimulate a reaction, which in turn releases enough energy to power the particle accelerator and leave an energy profit for power generation. The concept has more recently been referred to as an **accelerator-driven system** (ADS) or accelerator-driven sub-critical reactor.

None have ever been built.

## History

The concept is credited to Italian scientist Carlo Rubbia, a Nobel Prize particle physicist and former director of Europe's CERN international nuclear physics lab. He published a proposal for a power reactor (nicknamed "Rubbiatron") based on a proton cyclotron accelerator with a beam energy of 800 MeV to 1 GeV, and a target with thorium as fuel and lead as a coolant. Rubbia's scheme also borrows from ideas developed by a group led by nuclear physicist Charles Bowman of the Los Alamos National Laboratory

## Principle and feasibility

The energy amplifier first uses a particle accelerator (e.g. linac, synchrotron, cyclotron or FFAG) to produce a beam of high-energy (relativistic) protons. The beam is directed to collide with nuclei of a heavy metal target, such as lead, thorium or uranium. Inelastic collisions between the proton beam and the target results in spallation, which produces twenty to thirty neutrons per event. It might be possible to increase the neutron flux through the use of a neutron amplifier, a thin film of fissile material surrounding the spallation source; the use of neutron amplification in CANDU reactors has been proposed. While CANDU is a critical design, many of the concepts can be applied to a sub-critical system. Thorium nuclei absorb neutrons, thus breeding fissile uranium-233, an isotope of uranium which is not found in nature. Moderated neutrons produce U-233 fission, releasing energy.

This design is entirely plausible with currently available technology, but requires more study before it can be declared both practical and economical.

OMEGA project (option making of extra gain from actinides and fission products (オメガ計画)) is being studied as one of methodology of accelerator-driven system (ADS) in Japan.

Richard Garwin and Georges Charpak describe the energy amplifier in detail in their book "Megawatts and Megatons: A Turning Point in the Nuclear Age?" (2001) on pages 153-163.

Earlier, the general concept of the energy amplifier, namely an accelerator-driven sub-critical reactor, was covered in "The Second Nuclear Era" (1985) pages 62–64, by Alvin M. Weinberg and others.

## Advantages

The concept has several potential advantages over conventional nuclear fission reactors:

* Subcritical design means that the reaction could not run away — if anything went wrong, the reaction would stop and the reactor would cool down. A meltdown could however occur if the ability to cool the core was lost.
* Thorium is an abundant element — much more so than uranium — reducing strategic and political supply issues and eliminating costly and energy-intensive isotope separation. There is enough thorium to generate energy for at least several thousand years at current consumption rates.
* The energy amplifier would produce very little plutonium, so the design is believed to be more proliferation-resistant than conventional nuclear power (although the question of uranium-233 as nuclear weapon material must be assessed carefully).
* The possibility exists of using the reactor to consume plutonium, reducing the world stockpile of the very-long-lived element.
* Less long-lived radioactive waste is produced — the waste material would decay after 500 years to the radioactive level of coal ash.
* No new science is required; the technologies to build the energy amplifier have all been demonstrated. Building an energy amplifier requires only engineering effort, not fundamental research (unlike nuclear fusion proposals).
* Power generation might be economical compared to current nuclear reactor designs if the total fuel cycle and decommissioning costs are considered.
* The design could work on a relatively small scale, and has the potential to load-follow by modulating the proton beam, making it more suitable for countries without a well-developed power grid system.
* Inherent safety and safe fuel transport could make the technology more suitable for developing countries as well as in densely populated areas.
* Desired nuclear transmutation could be employed deliberately (rather than as an unavoidable consequence of nuclear fission and neutron irradiation) either to transmute high level waste (such as long-lived fission products or minor actinides) into less harmful substances, for producing radionuclides for use in nuclear medicine or to produce precious metals from low-priced feedstocks.
* The lower fraction of delayed neutrons in the fission of 239
Pu compared to 235
U, which hampers the use of plutonium-containing fuels in critical reactors (which need to operate in the narrow band of neutron flux between prompt critical and delayed critical), is of no concern as no criticality of any kind is achieved or needed
* While nuclear reprocessing runs into the problem that MOX-fuel can not be further recycled for use in current light-water reactors as the reactor-grade plutonium concentration of fissile isotopes is not achieved due to 240
Pu impurities exceeding acceptable levels, all fissile and fertile isotopes of actinoids can be "burned" in a subcritical reactor, thus closing the nuclear fuel cycle without the need for fast breeder reactors

## Disadvantages

* Each reactor needs its own facility (particle accelerator) to generate the high energy proton beam, which is very costly. Apart from linear particle accelerators, which are very expensive, no proton accelerator of sufficient power and energy (\> ~12 MW at 1 GeV) has ever been built. Currently, the Spallation Neutron Source utilizes a 1.44 MW proton beam to produce its neutrons, with upgrades envisioned to 5 MW. Its 1.1 billion USD cost included research equipment not needed for a commercial reactor. Economies of scale might come into play if particle accelerators (which are currently only rarely built to the above mentioned strengths and then only for research purposes) become a more "mundane" technology. A similar effect can be observed when comparing the cost of the Manhattan Project up to the construction of Chicago Pile-1 to the costs of subsequent research or power reactors.
* The fuel material needs to be chosen carefully to avoid unwanted nuclear reactions. This implies a full-scale nuclear reprocessing plant associated with the energy amplifier.
* If, for whatever reason, neutron flux exceeds design specifications enough for the assembly to reach criticality, a criticality accident or power excursion can occur. Unlike a "normal" reactor, the scram mechanism only calls for the "switching off" of the neutron source, which wouldn't help if more neutrons are constantly produced than consumed (i.e. Criticality), as there is no provision to rapidly increase neutron consumption e.g. via the introduction of a neutron poison.
* Using lead as a coolant has similar disadvantages to those described in the article on lead cooled fast reactors
* Many of the current spallation-based neutron sources used for research are "pulsed" i.e. they deliver very high neutron fluxes for very short durations of time. For a power reactor a smaller but more constant neutron flux is desired. The European Spallation Source will be the strongest neutron source in the world (measured by peak neutron flux) but will only be capable of very short (on the order of milliseconds) pulses.


title: Arthur V. Dias

abstract: Arthur Vincent Dias, commonly known as Arthur V. Dias, was a philanthropist, temperance movement member and an independence activist of Sri Lanka. A planter by profession, he is known for the jackfruit propagation campaign he pioneered throughout the country, which earned him the name "Kos Mama". A national hero of Sri Lanka, Dias also helped a number of educational establishments in the country. Before Sri Lanka gained independence from British rule, he was imprisoned by the colonial government and sentenced to death, although he was later released.

text:
# Arthur V. Dias

**Arthur Vincent Dias** (10 February 1886  31 July 1960), commonly known as **Arthur V. Dias**, was a philanthropist, temperance movement member and an independence activist of Sri Lanka (then known as Ceylon). A planter by profession, he is known for the jackfruit propagation campaign he pioneered throughout the country, which earned him the name "Kos Mama" (*Sin.* ''Jack Fruit Uncle'). A national hero of Sri Lanka, Dias also helped a number of educational establishments in the country. Before Sri Lanka gained independence from British rule, he was imprisoned by the colonial government and sentenced to death, although he was later released.

## Personal life

Arthur Vincent Dias was born on 10 February 1886 to a wealthy family in Panadura. His father was P. Jeremias Dias, a plantation owner and a franchiser of arrack. His mother was Selestina Rodrigo, a philanthropist who later helped found the Visakha Vidyalaya. Dias received his primary education from St. John's College Panadura and his secondary education from St Thomas' College, Mt. Lavinia. His father died in 1902. After completing his education, Dias took over his family's plantation businesses. He later married Grace Salgado. The couple had nine children; five daughters and four sons. Dias died on 31 July 1960.

## Temperance movement

The British colonial government of Ceylon issued a decree in 1912, that permitted taverns to be opened throughout the country. This prompted a temperance movement, which was pioneered by some prominent personalities in the country such as Anagarika Dharmapala, D. S. Senanayake, F.R. Senanayake, W. A. de Silva and D. B. Jayatilaka. Dias was also a leading member of this group, which became the basis for the independence movement of the country.

When riots broke out in the country in 1915 between Sinhalese and Moors, Dias, along with the leaders of the temperance movement, was arrested on suspicion of supporting the riots. Dias was sentenced to death, which was later reduced to imprisonment for life. However, he was later fined and released, as were the others. After being freed from prison, he pledged to dedicate himself for gaining independence for Ceylon from British rule. Dias continued his temperance activities after the country gained independence as well, and strongly objected to Prime Minister D. S. Senanayake about serving liquor at the official independence day celebrations.

## Nationalism and philanthropy

Dias wore a white banian and cloth instead of western clothing, and encouraged writing and signing in Sinhala. He became a national hero after the country gained independence. He had declined a knighthood offered by Governor Andrew Caldecott, as well as a seat in the senate in 1957, offered to him by Prime Minister S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike.

He also contributed significantly to education in the country. Dias was a member of the first board of governors of Visakha Vidyalaya, and helped Ananda College financially. Other schools that received help from Dias include the Nalanda College, Dharmaraja College and Dharmasoka College. He also donated a plot of land for the Sri Sumangala College in Panadura, on which the school was built.

## Jackfruit propagation campaign

Dias started a jackfruit propagation campaign on 11 June 1918, with the aim of planting a million jackfruit trees. Having imported jackfruit seedlings from Johore, Malaysia, he proceeded to distribute packets of seedlings and plants free of charge. Although his campaign mainly focused on distributing jackfruit seedlings, he also distributed other plants such as papaw, mango, sapodilla, durian and golden apple. This campaign earned him the name "Kos Mama" or "Kos Ata Mama" which directly translates to ''Jack fruit uncle'' or ''Jack Fruit Seed Uncle''.

## InfoBox

| Arthur Vincent Dias | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1886-02-10)February 10, 1886
Panadura |
| Died | July 31, 1960(1960-07-31) (aged 74) |
| Nationality | Sri Lankan |
| Other names | Kos Mama |
| Education | St Thomas' College
St. John's College Panadura |
| Occupation | Planter |
| Known for | Independence activist
Pioneered jackfruit propagation campaign |
| Spouse | Grace Salgado |
| Parent(s) | P. Jeremias Dias
Selestina Rodrigo |


abstract: The 1942 United States Senate election in Maine was held on September 14, 1942. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Wallace White was re-elected to a third term over Fulton J. Redman.

text:
# 1942 United States Senate election in Maine

The **1942 United States Senate election in Maine** was held on September 14, 1942. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Wallace White was re-elected to a third term over Fulton J. Redman.

## Republican primary

### Candidates

### Results

Senator White was unopposed for re-nomination.

1942 Republican U.S. Senate primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Wallace H. White Jr. (inc.)** | **44,142** | **100.00%** |
| Total votes | | | **44,142** | **100.00%** |

## Democratic primary

### Candidates

### Results

Redman was unopposed for the Democratic nomination.

1942 Democratic U.S. Senate primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Fulton J. Redman** | **8,632** | **100.00%** |
| Total votes | | | **8,632** | **100.00%** |

## General election

### Results

1942 U.S. Senate election in Maine
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Wallace H. White Jr. (inc.)** | **111,520** | **66.67%** | **15.92** |
|  | Democratic | Fulton J. Redman | 55,754 | 33.33% | 15.92 |
| Total votes | | | **167,274** | **100.00%** |  |

## InfoBox

1942 United States Senate election in Maine
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Wallace White** Fulton J. Redman   Party Republican Democratic  Popular vote **111,520** 55,754  Percentage **66.67%** 33.33% | |
| ---  County Results
**White:**      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% | |
| ---  **U.S. senator before election**
Wallace H. White Jr.
Republican **Elected U.S. Senator**
Wallace H. White Jr.
Republican | |


title: Eremobates bixleri

abstract: Eremobates bixleri is a species of windscorpion in the family Eremobatidae.

text:
# Eremobates bixleri

***Eremobates bixleri*** is a species of windscorpion in the family Eremobatidae.

## InfoBox

| *Eremobates bixleri* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Solifugae |
| Family: | Eremobatidae |
| Genus: | *Eremobates* |
| Species: | ***E. bixleri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eremobates bixleri***<br>Muma & Brookhart, 1988 | |
|


title: Eric Cunningham (American football)

abstract: Eric Allan Cunningham was an American football offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) who played for the New York Jets. He played college football at Penn State University.

text:
# Eric Cunningham (American football)

**Eric Allan Cunningham** (March 16, 1957 – January 22, 1995) was an American football offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) who played for the New York Jets. He played college football at Penn State University.

## Early life

Cunningham attended at South High School in Akron, Ohio.

## College career

Cunningham attended and played college football at the Penn State from 1975 to 1978.

## Professional career

Cunningham was selected in the fourth round (#96 overall) of the 1979 NFL draft by the New York Jets.

## Personal life

Cunningham died at the age of 37 on January 22, 1995, in New Haven, Connecticut.

## InfoBox

Eric Cunningham
| No. 68 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Guard |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1957-03-16)March 16, 1957
Akron, Ohio, U.S. |
| Died: | January 22, 1995(1995-01-22) (aged 37)
New Haven, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) |
| Weight: | 257 lb (117 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | South (OH) |
| College: | Penn State |
| NFL draft: | 1979 / round: 4 / pick: 96 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Eric Cunningham Dax

abstract: Eric Cunningham Dax, AO, FRACP, FRANZCP, HonFRCPsych was a British-born Australian psychiatrist.

text:
# Eric Cunningham Dax

**Eric Cunningham Dax**, AO, FRACP, FRANZCP, HonFRCPsych (18 May 1908 – 29 January 2008) was a British-born Australian psychiatrist.

## Career

In England during the 1930s and 1940s, Dax worked with John Rawlings Rees, Francis Reitmann and other biological psychiatrists who advocated the use of somatic (physical) treatments for patients with mental problems. He contributed to the development of chemical shock, electroconvulsive therapy, and lobotomy while working at Netherne Hospital, Coulsdon, and continued to use lobotomy in Australia.

"Modified leucotomy was introduced into Victoria by Dr. Cunningham Dax .. By the end of 1959, 300 patients had had leucotomies.. but in the years immediately following \[this\] was reduced to a mere trickle, 23 in 1960, 6 in 1961. .. \[even by the dubious scientific standards of self assessment by the people doing this treatment\] 1955 was a 'bad' year with 38% failures, and 1958 .. was even less favourable with 45% failures." Overall 32% were rated "no improvement or had deteriorated further", \[a typical psychiatric tactic to include two categories for "marked" and "moderate" improvement and just one for the rest, which included deaths\]. Only 1% died immediately as a result of the operation but a total of 31 people, 10%, were dead from various causes when their cases were reviewed.

Between 1946 and 1951—when Dax was the Medical Superintendent of Netherne Hospital—he and Reitmann, continuing the 1930s research into art and psychosis at the Maudsley Hospital, pioneered the use of art as part of mainstream psychiatric treatment. Their interest was to research using art both for treatment and for assisting the diagnosis of mental disorder. Dax employed the artist Edward Adamson to facilitate a research art studio at Netherne, and 689 of the people compelled to live at Netherne painted with Adamson in this period, according to Robertson. Dax published his findings in 1953 in his "Experimental Studies in Psychiatric Art". He began a collection of artworks produced by psychiatric patients, taking about 20 objects from Netherne when he went to Melbourne, including paintings from the research art studio and tapestries made in occupational therapy. The Cunningham Dax Collection became one of the largest collections of its type in the world. The Collection can be viewed at the Dax Centre, located in Parkville, Victoria. The Centre runs public education programs and seeks to promote mental health and wellbeing by fostering a greater understanding of the mind, mental illness and trauma through art and creativity.

Adamson carried on the studio for 35 years, and is one of the pioneers of Art Therapy in Britain, and founded the Adamson Collection, now comprising approximately 6000 paintings, drawings, sculptures and ceramics created at Netherne, and currently almost all re-located to the Wellcome Library in anticipation of a securer future in several international institutions.

## Mental Hygiene Authority of Victoria

Dax emigrated to Melbourne, Australia at the end of 1951 to take up an appointment in the new year as founding Chairman of the Mental Hygiene Authority of Victoria (later known as the Mental Health Authority), at a salary of £3,200 a year. The Authority was formed as a response to public concern about the treatment and welfare of psychiatric patients, and particularly as a response to the Kennedy Report of 1950 which highlighted the plight of these patients in Victoria in the immediate post war era. Dax remained in this position until 1968, introducing major reforms of mental health services. These included the moving of psychiatric treatment from asylums to community settings and the introduction of art programs for patients. In 1961, the World Federation for Mental Health sponsored the publication of Dax's book *Asylum To Community*, which describes the rapid expansion of community psychiatric centres in Australia. In his introduction to this book the Federation's chairman, John Rawlings Rees, praised Dax's Mental Hygiene Authority as 'a major training ground in psychiatry and mental health work for all the English-speaking populations of the South-western Pacific region'. However, abuse of psychiatric patients was still occurring at such institutions as Newhaven Hospital.

As part of his general strategy to expand psychiatric services, the teaching of psychiatry and the education of doctors in psychiatric principles, Dax lobbied for the creation of a chair of Psychiatry at the University of Melbourne; this was achieved in 1963. He supported the establishment of the Parkville Psychiatric Unit as a teaching unit of the University.

Although health services in Australia were funded and administered at state level, Dax advocated federal intervention to co-ordinate and further resource psychiatric services.

## Opposition to Scientology

Dax used his position to campaign actively against the Church of Scientology in Australia, in response to that Church's criticism of the practices of shock therapy and psychosurgery. In 1962 he wrote to the Minister of Health in each Australian state, warning of what he considered to be the dangers of this new religion.

When the Government of Victoria convened a Board of Inquiry into Scientology in 1964, in addition to appearing as an expert witness, Dax conferred with other medical witnesses regarding their evidence. He also instructed one of his staff, Dr. M.B. Macmillan, to recruit and co-ordinate other expert witnesses appearing before the Board.

## Later career

From 1969 to 1978 Dax was Community Health Services Co-ordinator in the Mental Health Services Commission, Tasmania.

On retirement he returned to Victoria and became a Senior Associate in medical history at the University of Melbourne. However, he continued to provide diagnoses and recommendations for Tasmanian patients including in 1984 Martin Bryant, who went on to commit the Port Arthur massacre in 1996. Dax was admitted to the degree of Doctor of Medicine *honoris causa* at the university on 15 December 1984, and remained a Senior Fellow in Psychiatry at the Royal Melbourne Hospital.

* Dax, E.C. (1947). *Modern Mental Treatment: a handbook for nurses*. London: Faber.

## InfoBox

| Eric Cunningham Dax | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1908-05-18)18 May 1908
United Kingdom |
| Died | 29 January 2008(2008-01-29) (aged 99)
Melbourne, Australia |


title: Epistemologia

abstract: Epistemologia was a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal of philosophy. It was focused on analytical philosophy, publishing articles that deal with philosophy of science, epistemology, logic, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind. It published articles in English and Italian. In 2015, it was reported that the journal had been hijacked. Since 2016, Epistemologia is no longer published as a separate publication, becoming an annual English-language supplement to the journal Axiomathes.

text:
# Epistemologia

***Epistemologia*** was a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal of philosophy. It was focused on analytical philosophy, publishing articles that deal with philosophy of science, epistemology, logic, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind. It published articles in English and Italian. In 2015, it was reported that the journal had been hijacked.

Since 2016, *Epistemologia* is no longer published as a separate publication, becoming an annual English-language supplement to the journal *Axiomathes*.

## InfoBox

*Epistemologia*
| Discipline | Philosophy |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English, Italian |
| Edited by | Evandro Agazzi |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1978–2016 |
| Publisher | Tilgher-Genova (Italy) |
| Frequency | Biannual |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Epistemologia* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 0392-9760
 |


title: Erastus Salisbury Field

abstract: Erastus Salisbury Field was an American folk art painter of portraits, landscapes, and history pictures. Erastus Field and his twin sister, Salome, were born in Leverett, Massachusetts, on May 19, 1805. By the age of nineteen, Field had displayed sufficient talent in sketching portraits to be admitted as a student at the studio of Samuel F. B. Morse in New York. Morse closed his studio some three months later, and Field returned to Leverett in 1825. His earliest known painting is a portrait of his grandmother, Elizabeth Billings Ashley, painted around 1826. Field married Phebe Gilmur in Ware, Massachusetts, in 1831. They had one daughter, born in 1832. Field made a good living as a limner or itinerant portrait painter in the 1830s, traveling in western Massachusetts and the Connecticut Valley. He was known for his ability to capture "a good likeness" in a single sitting. In the 1840s, the family settled in Greenwich Village in New York City, where Field exhibited a few paintings and is thought to have taken up the new art of photography. He learned from David Acheson Woodward to use the latter's 1857 solar camera to make enlargements from collodion negatives of portraits onto photo-sensitized canvas which he would over-paint in oils. He remained in New York for about seven years before relocating to Sunderland, Massachusetts to manage his ailing father's farm. From about 1847 Field embarked on a new phase of his artistic career, creating landscapes and history paintings, as photography began to supplant painting as the preferred medium for portraiture. Following the death of his wife in 1859, Field and his daughter moved to the settlement of Plumtrees in Sunderland, where he built a studio and continued to paint biblical scenes and Romantic landscapes. From the end of the Civil War he painted mostly historical and patriotic works. His best-known work, the Historical Monument of the American Republic, is a fantastical architectural image of key aspects of American history, inspired by plans for the Centennial Exposition to be held in 1876. Field began work on the large canvas in 1867 and was still adding to it as late as 1888. Field died at Plumtrees, Sunderland, on June 28, 1900. All together, over 300 surviving works are attributed to Field.

text:
# Erastus Salisbury Field

**Erastus Salisbury Field** (May 19, 1805 in Leverett, Massachusetts – June 28, 1900 in Sunderland, Massachusetts) was an American folk art painter of portraits, landscapes, and history pictures.

Erastus Field and his twin sister, Salome, were born in Leverett, Massachusetts, on May 19, 1805. By the age of nineteen, Field had displayed sufficient talent in sketching portraits to be admitted as a student at the studio of Samuel F. B. Morse in New York. Morse closed his studio some three months later, and Field returned to Leverett in 1825. His earliest known painting is a portrait of his grandmother, Elizabeth Billings Ashley, painted around 1826.

Field married Phebe Gilmur in Ware, Massachusetts, in 1831. They had one daughter, born in 1832. Field made a good living as a limner or itinerant portrait painter in the 1830s, traveling in western Massachusetts and the Connecticut Valley. He was known for his ability to capture "a good likeness" in a single sitting. In the 1840s, the family settled in Greenwich Village in New York City, where Field exhibited a few paintings and is thought to have taken up the new art of photography. He learned from David Acheson Woodward to use the latter's 1857 solar camera to make enlargements from collodion negatives of portraits onto photo-sensitized canvas which he would over-paint in oils.

He remained in New York for about seven years before relocating to Sunderland, Massachusetts to manage his ailing father's farm. From about 1847 Field embarked on a new phase of his artistic career, creating landscapes and history paintings, as photography began to supplant painting as the preferred medium for portraiture.

Following the death of his wife in 1859, Field and his daughter moved to the settlement of Plumtrees in Sunderland, where he built a studio and continued to paint biblical scenes and Romantic landscapes. From the end of the Civil War he painted mostly historical and patriotic works. His best-known work, the *Historical Monument of the American Republic*, is a fantastical architectural image of key aspects of American history, inspired by plans for the Centennial Exposition to be held in 1876. Field began work on the large canvas in 1867 and was still adding to it as late as 1888.

Field died at Plumtrees, Sunderland, on June 28, 1900.

All together, over 300 surviving works are attributed to Field.

## Works

### Portraits

### Later works

### Notes

### Bibliography

* Maytham, Thomas N. (1963). "Two Faces of New England Portrait Painting: Erastus Field and Henry Darby". *Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts*. **61** (323). Museum of Fine Arts, Boston: 30–43. JSTOR 4171376.

## InfoBox

| External videos | |
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| Smarthistory – Erastus Salisbury Field's Portrait of a Young Woman | |


title: Erastus Wells

abstract: Erastus Wells was a 19th-century politician and businessman from Missouri. Wells was born in Jefferson County, New York, and was the only son of Otis Wells, a descendant of Hugh Welles, an early colonist of Wethersfield, Connecticut. Otis Wells was a farmer and died when Erastus was only fourteen. Erastus was the grandson of Ethelinda Otis and a relation of John Otis, who helped found the town of Hingham, Massachusetts in 1635. Other notable relatives include James Otis, a successful lawyer, Harrison Gray Otis, a statesman and orator, Samuel A. Otis, one of the framers of the constitution of Massachusetts, and George Otis, a clergyman and author. Wells married Isabella Bowman Henry, daughter of Captain John Henry of Jacksonville, Illinois, in 1850. Isabella and Erastus Wells were the parents of three children, including former St. Louis Mayor Rolla Wells. Wells' first wife died in 1877 and he was later remarried to Eleanor P. Bell of St. Louis in 1879.

text:
# Erastus Wells

**Erastus Wells** (December 2, 1823 – October 2, 1893) was a 19th-century politician and businessman from Missouri. Wells was born in Jefferson County, New York, and was the only son of Otis Wells, a descendant of Hugh Welles, an early colonist of Wethersfield, Connecticut. Otis Wells was a farmer and died when Erastus was only fourteen. Erastus was the grandson of Ethelinda Otis and a relation of John Otis, who helped found the town of Hingham, Massachusetts in 1635. Other notable relatives include James Otis, a successful lawyer, Harrison Gray Otis, a statesman and orator, Samuel A. Otis, one of the framers of the constitution of Massachusetts, and George Otis, a clergyman and author.

Wells married Isabella Bowman Henry, daughter of Captain John Henry of Jacksonville, Illinois, in 1850. Isabella and Erastus Wells were the parents of three children, including former St. Louis Mayor Rolla Wells. Wells' first wife died in 1877 and he was later remarried to Eleanor P. Bell of St. Louis in 1879.

## Professional career

Wells lived on a farm and attended district schools from ages 12 to 16. At 16, Wells left the farm and moved to Watertown, New York, later moving on to Lockport, New York. He moved to St. Louis, Missouri, in September, 1843. After being inspired by the omnibuses he observed in New York, he established the first omnibus line in St. Louis with the help of Calvin Case, a prominent resident of St. Louis. The omnibus was the first of its kind west of the Mississippi. In 1850, Wells and Case partnered with Robert O'Blennus and Lawrence Matthews on the bus lines. One of the most profitable lines for the business was a coach to Belleville, Illinois. Erastus Wells was a passenger on the Pacific Railroad excursion train that crashed through the temporary bridge over the Gasconade River on November 1, 1855, the Gasconade Bridge train disaster. He was uninjured but his partner, Calvin Case, was killed in the accident.

After the success of the bus lines, Wells helped in organizing another transportation venture, the Missouri Railway Company, and served as its president until 1881. The first Missouri Railway Company car operated on July 4, 1859. Evidence of Wells' changing profession can be seen in the St. Louis City Directories, in which he is listed as omnibus proprietor in 1859 and as pres. Mo. R.R. Co. in 1864. Wells eventually sold his interest in the Railway Company, but moved on to many other prominent positions. He was president of the Narrow-Gauge Railway, director in the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad, president of the Accommodation Bank, director and vice-president of the Commercial Bank, and president of the Laclede Gas-Light Company. Wells also had a part in the erection of the Southern Hotel.

### West End Narrow Gauge Railroad

The West End Narrow Gauge Railroad began as an idea with Wells and James C. Page. They lived in Wellston in an era when accommodation trains gave those in the suburbs easy access to the city. They sought better service in Wellston. In 1875, Wells spoke at a group who planned a narrow gauge railroad to compete with the Missouri Pacific Railroad serving Kirkwood and Webster Groves. He said narrow gauge roads were 50% less costly than standard gauge railroads. Narrow gauge required only 25 ft of right of way. He gave costs as: grading $3K/mi, ties $800, spikes $300, iron rails $3K, and construction $375 for a total of $7500/mi without real estate. Or with right of way about $12K/mi. The line could be completed in 6 months. Expenses on the West End Railroad were given as $15/day, receipts $35. Not more than 8 cars would be required at a cost of $15 to $16K. Locomotives would be more.

Wells and Page proposed construction of the West End Narrow Gauge line in 1871, and again in 1872. The original plan would run via Wellston from Grand Ave. 140 ft north of Olive to Florissant. The Florissant extension was to be funded by their issue of $25K in bonds. Florissant agreed but state law limited bonds to 10% of assessed valuation making the bonds illegal. A route to Creve Coeur Lake was surveyed as an alternate. In 1873, 100 men were grading the route. Construction was delayed by the Panic of 1873.

It was January 9, 1875 before final construction began. The first train ran on June 11, 1875 from Grand Avenue to Kienlan Avenue in Wellston, a distance of five miles. The line was formally opened on June 17. An excursion train brought guests in two passenger cars and a flat car to Wellston where they were met by Wells who escorted guests to his nearby residence. The 8 mile trip from 4th & Olive was expected to take 1.5 hr to Wellston. The road was equipped with two locomotives, two passenger cars, and 10 freight cars. Trains were to run every half hour.

In October 1876, they reached Normandy; October 1, 1878, Florissant. The Narrow Gauge Railroad was known as the St. Louis & Florissant Narrow Gauge Railroad. The line was sold under foreclosure on March 18, 1879, to the Missouri Horse Railroad Co. Erastus Wells was President and his son, Rolla Wells was Superintendent. The road had stations at Carsonville, Scudder, Graham's, Taylor Rd, and Florissant. An additional station was reportedly located at Union Ave. The roundhouse and machine shop was in St. Ferdinand.

Sale of the railroad by Erastus Wells to an unnamed buyer was first reported in 1882. It was never a “paying concern." It had 16 miles of track from Grand to Florissant. On June 7, 1883, the buyer was revealed as the Cable & Western Railway, an Indianapolis syndicate. They planned to build a cable car line to downtown St. Louis.

In 1887, the narrow gauge railroad was considered as a possible route to Forest Park. The city objected to the smoke of the railroad. They favored conversion of the line to cable with a branch to Forest Park down Taylor Ave. In return they required the railroad to stop using steam within the city limits. The width of the narrow gauge right of way did not allow two directional cable and was considered impractical. Wells' Missouri Railway was a cable car line that ran down Olive Street. A route down Boyle to Maryland Street, and then to Kingshighway was approved. Service began on June 1, 1889.

In June 1890, the Cable & Western Railway was sold to the St. Louis & Suburban Railway. The cable was abandoned in 1891; the route was converted to electric streetcars to Wellston. It was known as the Suburban line. The streetcar lines of St. Louis were consolidated under United Railways. In 1905, they were acquired by North American Co., which also owned Laclede Gas Light and Union Electric.

In 1906, Suburban was the only car line in St. Louis not operated by United Railways. United Railways acquired Suburban in December 1909. The streetcar line to Wellston was renamed the Hodiamont line.

## Political career

Erastus Wells's political career began in 1848, with an election to the city council. He retained his seat there for fourteen years until he resigned to take his seat in Congress in 1869. As a member of the city council, Wells was elected chairman of a special committee on water-works to initiate the building of a new water-works in St. Louis. Other members of the committee included Thomas C. Chester and L.W. Mitchell. As chairman, Wells visited several cities, including Boston, New York, and Washington, to research other water-works systems. After returning to St. Louis, the committee drafted a report of their findings, which spurred the legislature to pass an act authorizing the City of St. Louis to fund the construction of a new water-works, at a cost of three million dollars. He also made note of police systems in the cities he visited, as he thought the police system in St. Louis to be inadequate. Based on a metropolitan police bill passed by the Legislature of Maryland, Wells adapted it to fit the laws of Missouri and submitted the bill to the state Legislature during the 1860-1861 session. The Governor, Claiborn Jackson, signed the bill, beginning a new era for the St. Louis metropolitan police system.

On March 4, 1869 Wells took his seat in the United States House of Representatives, where he would remain for eight years, during the presidency of Ulysses S. Grant. Although Wells was a Democrat and disagreed with Grant politically, the two were friends during Wells' term in Congress. As a member of Congress, Wells secured four million dollars in funding towards the building of the St. Louis Post Office and Custom House. He also worked to improve the Mississippi River, working with Captain James B. Eads on legislation regarding the promotion of the Eads Jetties. Wells' interest in rail transportation continued into his service in Congress, with a speech he gave on February 24, 1875, supporting a bill that granted aid to the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad and the Texas and Pacific Railway. Wells's speech asked Congress to support this bill, which would assist in the construction of a central rail line from the Mississippi River to the Pacific coast. Wells also introduced one of many bills put forward between 1870 and 1873 to establish the Territory of Oklahoma.

## Death and legacy

Wells died on October 2, 1893, aged 69, at Wellston, his country home. He was buried at Bellefontaine Cemetery in St. Louis two days later.

The city of Wellston, Missouri, was named after him. Wells purchased 66 acres of land in St. Louis County in 1868 and built a three-story brick house on the property, which was the family's country home. That piece of land is part of what is now Wellston. A few years after his death in 1893, the house burned down; the cause of the fire was never determined.

## InfoBox

| Erastus Wells | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Missouri | |
| **In office**
March 4, 1869  March 3, 1877 | |
| Preceded by | William A. Pile |
| Succeeded by | Nathan Cole |
| Constituency | 1st district (1869–73)
2nd district (1873–77) |
| **In office**
March 4, 1879  March 3, 1881 | |
| Preceded by | Nathan Cole |
| Succeeded by | Thomas Allen |
| Constituency | 2nd district |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | December 2, 1823
Sackets Harbor, New York, US |
| Died | October 2, 1893(1893-10-02) (aged 69)
St. Louis, Missouri, US |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Isabella Bowman Henry Wells |
| Profession | Politician, Businessman |
|  | |