title: 1982 Ms. Olympia

abstract: The 1982 Ms. Olympia contest was an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition was held in 1982 in Atlantic City, New Jersey. It was the 3rd Ms. Olympia competition held.

text:
# 1982 Ms. Olympia

The **1982 Ms. Olympia** contest was an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition was held in 1982 in Atlantic City, New Jersey. It was the 3rd Ms. Olympia competition held.

## Rounds

* Round 1 (Symmetry Round): Judging the balance and proportion of contestants' physiques.
* Round 2 (Muscularity Round): Focused on muscle size and definition.
* Round 3 (Posing Routine Round): Contestants performed a choreographed routine to music, showcasing their presentation skills.

## Results

| Place | Prize | Name |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 |  | Rachel McLish |
| 2 |  | Carla Dunlap |
| 3 |  | Kike Elomaa |
| 4 |  | Lynn Conkwright |
| 5 |  | Deborah Diana |
| 6 |  | Laura Combes |
| 7 |  | Candy Csencsits |
| 8 |  | Kay Baxter |
| 9 |  | Sherry Atton |
| 10 |  | Lisser Frost-Larsen |
| 11 |  | Georgia Fudge |
| 12 |  | Shelley Gruwell |
| 13 |  | Corinne Machado-Ching |
| 14 |  | Carolyn Cheshire |
| 15 |  | Marie Frances Misat |
| 16 |  | Jacqueline Roos |
| 17 |  | Claudia Wilbourn |
| 18 |  | Marjo Selin |
| 19 |  | Anita Gandol |
| 19 |  | Laura Davies |
| 19 |  | Susan Koch |
| 19 |  | Kazuko Nakao |
| 19 |  | Kyle Newman |
| 19 |  | Lena Trulsson |
| 19 |  | Cathy Chang |
| 19 |  | Patsy Chapman |
|

## InfoBox

| 1982 Ms. Olympia | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotion | IFBB |
| Date | 1982 |
| City | Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States |
| Event chronology | |
| 1981 Ms. Olympia 1982 Ms. Olympia 1983 Ms. Olympia | |


title: 1996 All-SEC football team

abstract: The 1996 All-SEC football team consists of American football players selected to the All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) chosen by various selectors for the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season. The Florida Gators won the conference, beating the Alabama Crimson Tide 45 to 30 in the SEC Championship game. The Gators then won the national championship, defeating the Florida State Seminoles 52 to 20 in the Sugar Bowl. Florida quarterback Danny Wuerffel repeated as SEC Player of the Year.

text:
# 1996 All-SEC football team

The **1996 All-SEC football team** consists of American football players selected to the All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) chosen by various selectors for the 1996 NCAA Division I-A football season.

The Florida Gators won the conference, beating the Alabama Crimson Tide 45 to 30 in the SEC Championship game. The Gators then won the national championship, defeating the Florida State Seminoles 52 to 20 in the Sugar Bowl.

Florida quarterback Danny Wuerffel repeated as SEC Player of the Year.

## Offensive selections

### Quarterbacks

### Running backs

* Kevin Faulk, LSU (AP-1)
* Duce Staley, South Carolina (AP-1)
* Dennis Riddle, Alabama (AP-2)
* Robert Edwards, Georgia (AP-2)

### Wide receivers

### Centers

### Guards

* Alan Faneca, LSU (AP-1)
* Donnie Young, Florida (AP-1, FN)
* Victor Riley, Auburn (AP-2)
* Will Friend, Alabama (AP-2)

### Tackles

* Adam Meadows, Georgia (AP-1)
* Brent Smith, Miss. St. (AP-1)
* Jamar Nesbit, South Carolina (AP-1)
* Randy Wheeler, South Carolina (AP-2)
* Ben Bordelon, LSU (AP-2)

### Tight ends

## Defensive selections

### Defensive ends

### Defensive tackles

### Linebackers

* Dwayne Rudd, Alabama (AP-1)
* Takeo Spikes, Auburn (AP-1)
* Jamie Duncan, Vanderbilt (AP-1)
* James Bates, Florida (AP-1)
* Paul Lacoste, Miss. St. (AP-2)
* Ralph Staten, Alabama (AP-2)
* Greg Bright, Georgia (AP-2)

### Cornerbacks

### Safeties

## Special teams

### Kickers

* Jaret Holmes, Auburn (AP-1)
* Jeff Hall, Tennessee (AP-2)

### Punters

* Bill Marinangel, Vanderbilt (AP-1)
* Andy Russ, Miss. St. (AP-2)

### Return specialist

* Terry Fair, Tennessee (AP-1)
* John Avery, Ole Miss (AP-2)

## Key

AP = Associated Press

FN = Football News


title: Equal-loudness contour

abstract: An equal-loudness contour is a measure of sound pressure level, over the frequency spectrum, for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones. The unit of measurement for loudness levels is the phon and is arrived at by reference to equal-loudness contours. By definition, two sine waves of differing frequencies are said to have equal-loudness level measured in phons if they are perceived as equally loud by the average young person without significant hearing impairment. The Fletcher–Munson curves are one of many sets of equal-loudness contours for the human ear, determined experimentally by Harvey Fletcher and Wilden A. Munson, and reported in a 1933 paper entitled "Loudness, its definition, measurement and calculation" in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. Fletcher–Munson curves have been superseded and incorporated into newer standards. The definitive curves are those defined in ISO 226 from the International Organization for Standardization, which are based on a review of modern determinations made in various countries. Amplifiers often feature a "loudness" button, known technically as loudness compensation, that boosts low and high-frequency components of the sound. These are intended to offset the apparent loudness fall-off at those frequencies, especially at lower volume levels. Boosting these frequencies produces a flatter equal-loudness contour that appears to be louder even at low volume, preventing the perceived sound from being dominated by the mid-frequencies where the ear is most sensitive.

text:
# Equal-loudness contour

An **equal-loudness contour** is a measure of sound pressure level, over the frequency spectrum, for which a listener perceives a constant loudness when presented with pure steady tones. The unit of measurement for loudness levels is the phon and is arrived at by reference to equal-loudness contours. By definition, two sine waves of differing frequencies are said to have equal-loudness level measured in phons if they are perceived as equally loud by the average young person without significant hearing impairment.

The **Fletcher–Munson curves** are one of many sets of equal-loudness contours for the human ear, determined experimentally by Harvey Fletcher and Wilden A. Munson, and reported in a 1933 paper entitled "Loudness, its definition, measurement and calculation" in the *Journal of the Acoustical Society of America*. Fletcher–Munson curves have been superseded and incorporated into newer standards. The definitive curves are those defined in **ISO 226** from the International Organization for Standardization, which are based on a review of modern determinations made in various countries.

Amplifiers often feature a "loudness" button, known technically as loudness compensation, that boosts low and high-frequency components of the sound. These are intended to offset the apparent loudness fall-off at those frequencies, especially at lower volume levels. Boosting these frequencies produces a flatter equal-loudness contour that appears to be louder even at low volume, preventing the perceived sound from being dominated by the mid-frequencies where the ear is most sensitive.

## Fletcher–Munson curves

The first research on the topic of how the ear hears different frequencies at different levels was conducted by Fletcher and Munson in 1933. Until recently, it was common to see the term *Fletcher–Munson* used to refer to equal-loudness contours generally, even though a re-determination was carried out by Robinson and Dadson in 1956, which became the basis for an ISO 226 standard.

The generic term *equal-loudness contours* is now preferred, of which the Fletcher–Munson curves are now a sub-set, and especially since a 2003 survey by ISO redefined the curves in a new standard.

## Experimental determination

The human auditory system is sensitive to frequencies from about 20 Hz to a maximum of around 20,000 Hz, although the upper hearing limit decreases with age. Within this range, the human ear is most sensitive between 2 and 5 kHz, largely due to the resonance of the ear canal and the transfer function of the ossicles of the middle ear.

Fletcher and Munson first measured equal-loudness contours using headphones (1933). In their study, test subjects listened to pure tones at various frequencies and over 10 dB increments in stimulus intensity. For each frequency and intensity, the listener also listened to a reference tone at 1000 Hz. Fletcher and Munson adjusted the reference tone until the listener perceived that it had the same loudness as the test tone. Loudness, being a psychological quantity, is difficult to measure, so Fletcher and Munson averaged their results over many test subjects to derive reasonable averages. The lowest equal-loudness contour represents the quietest audible tone—the *absolute threshold of hearing*. The highest contour is the *threshold of pain*.

Churcher and King carried out a second determination in 1937, but their results and Fletcher and Munson's showed considerable discrepancies over parts of the auditory diagram.

In 1956 Robinson and Dadson produced a new experimental determination that they believed was more accurate. It became the basis for a standard (ISO 226) that was considered definitive until 2003, when ISO revised the standard on the basis of recent assessments by research groups worldwide.

## Recent revision aimed at more precise determination – ISO 226:2023

Perceived discrepancies between early and more recent determinations led the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to revise the standard curves in ISO 226. They did this in response to recommendations in a study coordinated by the Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Japan. The study produced new curves by combining the results of several studies—by researchers in Japan, Germany, Denmark, UK, and the US. (Japan was the greatest contributor with about 40% of the data.)

This has resulted in the recent acceptance of a new set of curves standardized as ISO 226:2003. The report comments on the surprisingly large differences, and the fact that the original Fletcher–Munson contours are in better agreement with recent results than the Robinson–Dadson, which appear to differ by as much as 10–15 dB, especially in the low-frequency region, for reasons not explained.

According to the ISO report, the Robinson–Dadson results were the odd one out, differing more from the current standard than did the Fletcher–Munson curves. The report states that it is fortunate that the 40-phon Fletcher–Munson curve on which the A-weighting standard was based turns out to have been in agreement with modern determinations.

The report also comments on the large differences apparent in the low-frequency region, which remain unexplained. Possible explanations are:

* The equipment used was not properly calibrated.
* The criteria used for judging equal loudness at different frequencies had differed.
* Subjects were not properly rested for days in advance, or were exposed to loud noise in traveling to the tests, which tensed the tensor tympani and stapedius muscles controlling low-frequency mechanical coupling.

## Side versus frontal presentation

Real-life sounds from a reasonably distant source arrive as planar wavefronts. If the source of sound is directly in front of the listener, then both ears receive equal intensity, but at frequencies above about 1 kHz the sound that enters the ear canal is partially reduced by the head shadow, and also highly dependent on reflection off the pinna (outer ear). Off-centre sounds result in increased head masking at one ear, and subtle changes in the effect of the pinna, especially at the other ear. This combined effect of head-masking and pinna reflection is quantified in a set of curves in three-dimensional space referred to as head-related transfer functions (HRTFs). Frontal presentation is now regarded as preferable when deriving equal-loudness contours, and the latest ISO standard is specifically based on frontal and central presentation.

Because no HRTF is involved in normal headphone listening, equal-loudness curves derived using headphones are valid only for the special case of what is called *side-presentation*, which is not how we normally hear.

The Robinson–Dadson determination used loudspeakers, and for a long time the difference from the Fletcher–Munson curves was explained partly on the basis that the latter used headphones. However, the ISO report actually lists the latter as using *compensated* headphones, though it doesn't make clear how Robinson–Dadson achieved *compensation*.

## Headphones versus loudspeaker testing

Good headphones, well sealed to the ear, provide a flat low-frequency pressure response to the ear canal, with low distortion even at high intensities. At low frequencies, the ear is purely pressure-sensitive, and the cavity formed between headphones and ear is too small to introduce modifying resonances. Headphone testing is, therefore, a good way to derive equal-loudness contours below about 500 Hz, though reservations have been expressed about the validity of headphone measurements when determining the actual threshold of hearing, based on the observation that closing off the ear canal produces increased sensitivity to the sound of blood flow within the ear, which the brain appears to mask in normal listening conditions. At high frequencies, headphone measurement becomes unreliable, and the various resonances of pinnae (outer ears) and ear canals are severely affected by proximity to the headphone cavity.

With speakers, the opposite is true. A flat low-frequency response is hard to obtain—except in free space high above ground, or in a very large and anechoic chamber that is free from reflections down to 20 Hz. Until recently, it was not possible to achieve high levels at frequencies down to 20 Hz without high levels of harmonic distortion. Even today, the best speakers are likely to generate around 1 to 3% of total harmonic distortion, corresponding to 30 to 40 dB below fundamental. This is not good enough, given the steep rise in loudness (rising to as much as 24 dB per octave) with frequency revealed by the equal-loudness curves below about 100 Hz. A good experimenter must ensure that trial subjects really hear the fundamental and not harmonics—especially the third harmonic, which is especially strong as a speaker cone's travel becomes limited as its suspension reaches the limit of compliance. A possible way around the problem is to use acoustic filtering, such as by resonant cavity, in the speaker setup. A flat free-field high-frequency response up to 20 kHz, on the other hand, is comparatively easy to achieve with modern speakers on-axis. These effects must be considered when comparing results of various attempts to measure equal-loudness contours.

## Relevance to sound level and noise measurements

The A-weighting curve—in widespread use for noise measurement—is said to have been based on the 40-phon Fletcher–Munson curve. However, research in the 1960s demonstrated that determinations of equal-loudness made using pure tones are not directly relevant to our perception of noise. This is because the cochlea in our inner ear analyzes sounds in terms of spectral content, each "hair-cell" responding to a narrow band of frequencies known as a critical band. The high-frequency bands are wider in absolute terms than the low-frequency bands, and therefore "collect" proportionately more power from a noise source. However, when more than one critical band is stimulated, the signals to the brain add the various bands to produce the impressions of loudness. For these reasons equal-loudness curves derived using noise bands show an upwards tilt above 1 kHz and a downward tilt below 1 kHz when compared to the curves derived using pure tones.

Various weighting curves were derived in the 1960s, in particular as part of the DIN 4550 standard for audio quality measurement, which differed from the A-weighting curve, showing more of a peak around 6 kHz. These gave a more meaningful subjective measure of noise on audio equipment, especially on the newly invented compact cassette tape recorders with Dolby noise reduction, which were characterized by a noise spectrum dominated by the higher frequencies.

BBC Research conducted listening trials in an attempt to find the best weighting curve and rectifier combination for use when measuring noise in broadcast equipment, examining the various new weighting curves in the context of noise rather than tones, confirming that they were much more valid than A-weighting when attempting to measure the subjective loudness of noise. This work also investigated the response of human hearing to tone-bursts, clicks, pink noise and a variety of other sounds that, because of their brief impulsive nature, do not give the ear and brain sufficient time to respond. The results were reported in BBC Research Report EL-17 1968/8 entitled *The Assessment of Noise in Audio Frequency Circuits*.

The ITU-R 468 noise weighting curve, originally proposed in CCIR recommendation 468, but later adopted by numerous standards bodies (IEC, BSI, JIS, ITU) was based on the research, and incorporates a special quasi-peak detector to account for our reduced sensitivity to short bursts and clicks. It is widely used by Broadcasters and audio professionals when they measure noise on broadcast paths and audio equipment, so they can subjectively compare equipment types with different noise spectra and characteristics.

* *Audio Engineer's Reference Book*, 2nd Ed., 1999, edited Michael Talbot Smith, Focal Press.
* *An Introduction to the Psychology of Hearing* 5th ed, Brian C.J. Moore, Elsevier Press.


title: 2011–12 New Jersey Nets season

abstract: The 2011–12 New Jersey Nets season was the 45th season of the franchise, their 36th in the National Basketball Association (NBA), and their 35th and final season in New Jersey before moving to Brooklyn, New York and changing their name to the Brooklyn Nets for the 2012–13 season. The Nets finished 22–44, last in the Atlantic Division and 12th overall in the Eastern Conference and failed to make the playoffs for a fifth consecutive season. Point guard Deron Williams led the team in scoring (21.0), assists (8.7), and minutes per game (36.3) and was the team's lone selection in the 2012 NBA All-Star Game. Forward Kris Humphries led the team with 11.0 rebounds and 1.19 blocks per game and games played (62).

text:
# 2011–12 New Jersey Nets season

The **2011–12 New Jersey Nets season** was the 45th season of the franchise, their 36th in the National Basketball Association (NBA), and their 35th and final season in New Jersey before moving to Brooklyn, New York and changing their name to the **Brooklyn Nets** for the 2012–13 season. The Nets finished 22–44, last in the Atlantic Division and 12th overall in the Eastern Conference and failed to make the playoffs for a fifth consecutive season. Point guard Deron Williams led the team in scoring (21.0), assists (8.7), and minutes per game (36.3) and was the team's lone selection in the 2012 NBA All-Star Game. Forward Kris Humphries led the team with 11.0 rebounds and 1.19 blocks per game and games played (62).

## Key dates

## Draft picks

| Round | Pick | Player | Position | Nationality | College/Club Team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 25 | MarShon Brooks | G | United States | Providence |
| 2 | 31 | Bojan Bogdanović | F | Croatia | Fenerbahçe Ülker |
| 2 | 36 | Jordan Williams | F | United States | Maryland |
|

## Roster

**2011–12 New Jersey Nets roster**
| Players | Coaches |
| --- | --- |
| Pos. No. Name Height Weight DOB From  G/F 9 Brooks, MarShon 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) 200 lb (91 kg) 1989-01-26 Providence  2 Farmar, Jordan 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) 180 lb (82 kg) 1986-11-30 UCLA  PG 1 Gaines, Sundiata 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) 200 lb (91 kg) 1986-04-18 Georgia  SF 14 Green, Gerald 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) 200 lb (91 kg) 1986-01-26 Gulf Shores Academy (TX)  PF 43 Humphries, Kris 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m) 235 lb (107 kg) 1985-02-06 Minnesota  SF 10 James, Damion 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) 220 lb (100 kg) 1987-10-07 Texas  PG 7 Johnson, Armon 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) 195 lb (88 kg) 1989-02-23 Nevada  11 Lopez, Brook 7 ft 0 in (2.13 m) 265 lb (120 kg) 1988-04-01 Stanford  SG 22 Morrow, Anthony 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) 210 lb (95 kg) 1985-09-27 Georgia Tech  27 Petro, Johan 7 ft 0 in (2.13 m) 247 lb (112 kg) 1986-01-27 France  G/F 92 Stevenson, DeShawn 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) 218 lb (99 kg) 1981-04-03 Washington Union HS (CA)  SF 45 Wallace, Gerald 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) 220 lb (100 kg) 1982-07-03 Alabama  8 Williams, Deron 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) 209 lb (95 kg) 1984-06-26 Illinois  F/C 20 Williams, Jordan 6 ft 10 in (2.08 m) 260 lb (118 kg) 1990-10-11 Maryland  F/C 33 Williams, Shelden 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m) 250 lb (113 kg) 1983-10-21 Duke | Head coach Assistant coach(es)   ---  Legend * **(DP)** Unsigned draft pick * **(FA)** Free agent * **(S)** Suspended * **(DL)** On assignment to
D-League affiliate * Injured |

## Pre-season

Due to the 2011 NBA lockout negotiations, the programmed pre-season schedule, along with the first two weeks of the regular season were scrapped, and a two-game pre-season was set for each team once the lockout concluded.

| 2011 pre-season game log |
| --- |
|
| Pre-season: 0–2 (home: 0–1; road: 0–1)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Record  1 December 17 New York L 83–92 Brook Lopez
Anthony Morrow (15) Brook Lopez (11) Deron Williams (6) Prudential Center
13,027 0–1  2 December 21 @ New York L 82–88 Deron Williams (21) Shelden Williams
Johan Petro (10) Deron Williams (7) Madison Square Garden 0–2 |
| 2011–12 season schedule | |

## Regular season

### Standings

|  | W | L | PCT | GB | Home | Road | Div | GP |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **y**-Boston Celtics | 39 | 27 | .591 |  | 24–9 | 15–18 | 8–6 | 66 |
| **x**-New York Knicks | 36 | 30 | .545 | 3 | 22–11 | 14–19 | 8–6 | 66 |
| **x**-Philadelphia 76ers | 35 | 31 | .530 | 4 | 19–14 | 16–17 | 7–6 | 66 |
| Toronto Raptors | 23 | 43 | .348 | 16 | 13–20 | 10–23 | 7–8 | 66 |
| New Jersey Nets | 22 | 44 | .333 | 17 | 9–24 | 13–20 | 5–9 | 66 |

| Eastern Conference | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| # | Team | W | L | PCT | GB | GP |
| 1 | **z-**Chicago Bulls | 50 | 16 | .758 |  | 66 |
| 2 | **y-**Miami Heat * | 46 | 20 | .697 | 4.0 | 66 |
| 3 | **x-**Indiana Pacers * | 42 | 24 | .636 | 8.0 | 66 |
| 4 | **y-**Boston Celtics | 39 | 27 | .591 | 11.0 | 66 |
| 5 | **x-**Atlanta Hawks | 40 | 26 | .606 | 10.0 | 66 |
| 6 | **x-**Orlando Magic | 37 | 29 | .561 | 13.0 | 66 |
| 7 | **x-**New York Knicks | 36 | 30 | .545 | 14.0 | 66 |
| 8 | **x-**Philadelphia 76ers | 35 | 31 | .530 | 15.0 | 66 |
|  | | | | | | |
| 9 | Milwaukee Bucks | 31 | 35 | .470 | 19.0 | 66 |
| 10 | Detroit Pistons | 25 | 41 | .379 | 25.0 | 66 |
| 11 | Toronto Raptors | 23 | 43 | .348 | 27.0 | 66 |
| 12 | New Jersey Nets | 22 | 44 | .333 | 28.0 | 66 |
| 13 | Cleveland Cavaliers | 21 | 45 | .318 | 29.0 | 66 |
| 14 | Washington Wizards | 20 | 46 | .303 | 30.0 | 66 |
| 15 | Charlotte Bobcats | 7 | 59 | .106 | 43.0 | 66 |

### Game log

| 2011–12 game log
Total: 22–44 (Home: 9–24; Road: 13–20) |
| --- |
|
| December: 1–3 (home: 0–1; road: 1–2)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Record  1 December 26 @ Washington W 90–84 Deron Williams (23) Kris Humphries (16) Deron Williams (9) Verizon Center
17,102 1–0  2 December 27 Atlanta L 70–106 Marshon Brooks (17) Kris Humphries (6) Sundiata Gaines (4) Prudential Center
18,711 1–1  3 December 29 @ Orlando L 78–94 Marshon Brooks (17) Kris Humphries (10) Deron Williams (7) Amway Center
18,954 1–2  4 December 30 @ Atlanta L 98–105 Deron Williams (23) Kris Humphries (13) Deron Williams (6) Philips Arena
16,300 1–3 |
| January : 6–12 (home: 2–5; road: 4–7)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Record  5 January 1 @ Cleveland L 82–98 Anthony Morrow (15) Mehmet Okur (8) Deron Williams (5) Quicken Loans Arena
15,084 1–4  6 January 2 Indiana L 94–108 Deron Williams (22) Marshon Brooks (7) Deron Williams (8) Prudential Center
12,519 1–5  7 January 4 @ Boston L 70–89 MarShon Brooks (17) Shelden Williams (9) Farmar & Gaines (6) TD Garden
18,624 1–6  8 January 6 @ Toronto W 97–85 Morrow & D. Williams (24) Kris Humphries (16) Deron Williams (6) Air Canada Centre
16,771 2–6  9 January 7 Miami L 90–101 Kris Humphries (25) Shelden Williams (13) Deron Williams (10) Prudential Center
18,711 2–7  10 January 9 Atlanta L 101–106 Anthony Morrow (20) Marshon Brooks (10) Deron Williams (14) Prudential Center
12,259 2–8  11 January 11 @ Denver L 115–123 Jordan Farmar (26) Kris Humphries (9) Deron Williams (13) Pepsi Center
14,139 2–9  12 January 13 @ Phoenix W 110–103 Deron Williams (35) Mehmet Okur (7) Deron Williams (14) US Airways Center
15,191 3–9  13 January 14 @ Utah L 94–107 Kris Humphries (18) Kris Humphries (10) Deron Williams (5) EnergySolutions Arena
19,557 3–10  14 January 16 @ L. A. Clippers L 91–101 Marshon Brooks (19) Brooks & S. Williams (8) Jordan Farmar (7) Staples Center
19,060 3–11  15 January 18 Golden State W 107–100 Monta Ellis (30) Kris Humphries (15) Deron Williams (10) Prudential Center 4–11  16 January 21 Oklahoma City L 74–84 Russell Westbrook (21) Kris Humphries (16) Deron Williams (6) Prudential Center 4–12  17 January 22 Charlotte W 97–87 MarShon Brooks (20) Kris Humphries (10) Deron Williams (10) Prudential Center 5–12  18 January 23 @ Chicago L 95–110 Richard Hamilton (22) Joakim Noah (10) Richard Hamilton (10) United Center 5–13  19 January 25 @ Philadelphia W 97–90 (OT) Deron Williams (34) Kris Humphries (19) Deron Williams (11) Wells Fargo Center 6–13  20 January 27 @ Cleveland W 99–96 Kyrie Irving (32) Kris Humphries (11) Deron Williams (10) Quicken Loans Arena 7–13  21 January 29 Toronto L 73–94 DeMar DeRozan (27) Shelden Williams (9) José Calderón (9) Prudential Center 7–14  22 January 31 @ Indiana L 99–106 Deron Williams (34) Roy Hibbert (14) Deron Williams (7) Bankers Life Fieldhouse 7–15 |
| February : 4–10 (home: 1–7; road: 3–3)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Record  23 February 1 Detroit W 99–96 Deron Williams (26) Shelden Williams (11) Deron Williams (9) Prudential Center 8–15  24 February 3 Minnesota L 105–108 Anthony Morrow (42) Nikola Peković (11) Deron Williams (14) Prudential Center 8–16  25 February 4 New York L 92–99 Jeremy Lin (25) Kris Humphries (12) Deron Williams (11) Madison Square Garden 8–17  26 February 6 Chicago L 87–108 Deron Williams (25) Joakim Noah (12) CJ Watson (11) Prudential Center 8–18  27 February 8 Detroit L 92–99 Deron Williams (34) Kris Humphries (16) Deron Williams (7) Prudential Center 8–19  28 February 10 @ Detroit L 92–109 Jonas Jerebko (20) Greg Monroe (11) Sundiata Gaines (6) The Palace of Auburn Hills 8–20  29 February 11 San Antonio L 89–103 Deron Williams (27) Tim Duncan (10) Deron Williams (8) Prudential Center 8–21  30 February 15 Memphis L 100–105 Deron Williams (26) Marreese Speights (18) Deron Williams (11) Prudential Center 8–22  31 February 16 @ Indiana L 88–93 Danny Granger (32) Roy Hibbert (11) Paul George (5) Bankers Life Fieldhouse 8–23  32 February 18 @ Chicago W 97–85 Deron Williams (29) Kris Humphries (18) Deron Williams (8) United Center 9–23  33 February 19 Milwaukee L 85–92 Ersan İlyasova (29) Ersan İlyasova (25) Shaun Livingston (6) Prudential Center 9–24  34 February 20 @ New York W 100–92 Deron Williams (38) Kris Humphries (14) Jeremy Lin (9) Madison Square Garden 10–24  35 February 22 Orlando L 91–108 Marshon Brooks (24) Dwight Howard (17) Deron Williams (8) Prudential Center 10–25  **All-Star Break**  36 February 28 @ Dallas W 93–92 Brook Lopez (38) Kris Humphries (15) Deron Williams (12) American Airlines Center 11–25 |
| March: 8–10 (home: 4–6; road: 4–4)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Record  37 March 2 @ Boston L 94–107 Brook Lopez (28) Kevin Garnett (10) Rajon Rondo (13) TD Garden 11–26  38 March 4 @ Charlotte W 104–101 Deron Williams (57) Kris Humphries (13) Boris Diaw (8) Time Warner Cable Arena 12–26  39 March 6 @ Miami L 78–108 Deron Williams (16) Johan Petro (8) Deron Williams (4) American Airlines Arena
19,600 12–27  40 March 7 L. A. Clippers W 101–100 Deron Williams (21) Kris Humphries (11) Deron Williams (10) Prudential Center
18,711 13–27  41 March 9 @ Charlotte W 83–74 Kris Humphries (20) Kris Humphries (15) Jordan Farmar (7) Time Warner Cable Arena
14,672 14–27  42 March 10 Houston L 106–112 Gerald Green (26) Johan Petro (9) MarShon Brooks (7) Prudential Center
14,834 14–28  43 March 12 Milwaukee L 99–105 Kris Humphries (31) Kris Humphries (18) Jordan Farmar (7) Prudential Center
12,930 14–29  44 March 14 Toronto W 98–84 Gerald Green (26) Kris Humphries (21) Marshon Brooks (5) Prudential Center
10,701 15–29  45 March 16 @ Orlando L 70–86 Dwight Howard (18) Ryan Anderson (11) Jameer Nelson (6) Amway Center
18,938 15–30  46 March 17 New Orleans L 94–102 Chris Kaman (20) Kris Humphries (16) Deron Williams (12) Prudential Center
11,271 15–31  47 March 19 Cleveland L 100–105 Deron Williams (28) Antawn Jamison (13) Deron Williams (8) Prudential Center
11,254 15–32  48 March 21 Washington L 89–108 Jordan Crawford (23) Kris Humphries (16) John Wall (8) Prudential Center
10,097 15–33  49 March 23 @ Atlanta L 84–93 Josh Smith (30) Josh Smith (12) Deron Williams (8) Philips Arena
14,129 15–34  50 March 24 Charlotte W 102–89 Kris Humphries (20) Kris Humphries (16) Deron Williams (14) Prudential Center
13,297 16–34  51 March 26 Utah L 84–105 Paul Millsap (24) Paul Millsap (13) Devin Harris (11) Prudential Center
10,310 16–35  52 March 28 Indiana W 100–84 Deron Williams (30) Kris Humphries (8) Deron Williams (9) Prudential Center
10,817 17–35  53 March 30 @ Golden State W 102–100 Gerald Wallace (24) Gerald Wallace (18) Deron Williams (20) Oracle Arena
19,596 18–35  54 March 31 @ Sacramento W 111–99 Anthony Morrow (24) Kris Humphries (12) Deron Williams (15) Power Balance Pavilion
14,370 19–35 |
| April : 3–9 (home: 2–5; road: 1–4)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Record  55 April 3 @ L. A. Lakers L 87–91 Deron Williams (20) Kris Humphries (15) Deron Williams (6) Staples Center
18,997 19–36  56 April 4 @ Portland L 88–101 Kris Humphries (21) Kris Humphries (11) MarShon Brooks (6) Rose Garden
20,464 19–37  57 April 6 Washington W 110–98 Gerald Wallace
Deron Williams (19) Kris Humphries (12) Deron Williams (13) Prudential Center
12,783 20–37  58 April 8 Cleveland W 122–117 (OT) Gerald Green (32) Kris Humphries (11) Deron Williams (10) Prudential Center
11,341 21–37  59 April 10 Philadelphia L 88–107 Kris Humphries (20) Kris Humphries (10) Deron Williams (5) Prudential Center
15,376 21–38  60 April 13 @ Philadelphia W 95–89 Johan Petro (23) Kris Humphries (13) Deron Williams (10) Wells Fargo Center
19,169 22–38  61 April 14 Boston L 82–94 Gerald Green (15) Jordan Williams (14) Deron Williams (14) Prudential Center
18,711 22–39  62 April 16 Miami L 98–101 Kris Humphries (29) Kris Humphries (8) Sundiata Gaines (7) Prudential Center
18,711 22–40  63 April 18 New York L 95–104 Gerald Wallace (21) Kris Humphries (15) Sundiata Gaines (6) Prudential Center
18,711 22–41  64 April 21 @ Milwaukee L 95–106 Gerald Wallace (18) Gerald Wallace (11) Gerald Wallace (4) Bradley Center
15,939 22–42  65 April 23 Philadelphia L 87–105 MarShon Brooks (18) Kris Humphries (12) MarShon Brooks
Gerald Wallace (4) Prudential Center
18,711 22–43  66 April 26 @ Toronto L 67–98 Armon Johnson
Anthony Morrow (11) Johan Petro (12) Armon Johnson (5) Air Canada Centre
18,161 22–44 |
| 2011–12 season schedule | |

## Player statistics

Legend
| GP | Games played | GS | Games started | MPG | Minutes per game |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| FG% | Field-goal percentage | 3P% | 3-point field-goal percentage | FT% | Free-throw percentage |
| RPG | Rebounds per game | APG | Assists per game | SPG | Steals per game |
| BPG | Blocks per game | PPG | Points per game |  |  |

### Season

New Jersey Nets statistics
| Player | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Keith Bogans\[1\] | 5 | 1 | 18.8 | .381 | .250 | .400 | 2.2 | .6 | .4 | .0 | 4.2 |
| **MarShon Brooks** | 56 | 47 | 29.4 | .428 | .313 | .764 | 3.6 | 2.3 | .9 | .3 | 12.6 |
| Andre Emmett\[1\] | 6 | 0 | 7.5 | .571 | .000 | .625 | 1.0 | 0.2 | .3 | .2 | 2.2 |
| Jordan Farmar | 39 | 5 | 21.3 | .467 | .440 | .905 | 1.6 | 3.3 | .6 | .1 | 10.4 |
| Sundiata Gaines | 57 | 12 | 13.9 | .376 | .341 | .615 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 1.0 | .0 | 5.1 |
| Gerald Green | 31 | 2 | 25.2 | .481 | .391 | .754 | 3.5 | 1.1 | .9 | .5 | 12.9 |
| Dennis Horner\[1\] | 8 | 0 | 2.8 | .250 | .000 | .750 | .6 | .0 | .0 | .0 | .6 |
| **Kris Humphries** | 62 | 62 | 34.9 | .481 |  | .752 | 11.0 | 1.5 | .8 | 1.2 | 13.8 |
| Damion James | 7 | 7 | 24.3 | .371 | .000 | .667 | 4.7 | .4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 4.9 |
| Armon Johnson\[1\] | 8 | 0 | 14.9 | .452 | .333 | 1.000 | 1.5 | 1.4 | .5 | .0 | 5.6 |
| Brook Lopez | 5 | 5 | 27.2 | .494 |  | .625 | 3.6 | 1.2 | .2 | .8 | 19.2 |
| Anthony Morrow | 62 | 18 | 26.4 | .413 | .371 | .933 | 2.0 | 1.0 | .7 | .1 | 12.0 |
| Mehmet Okur | 17 | 14 | 26.7 | .374 | .319 | .600 | 4.8 | 1.8 | .5 | .3 | 7.6 |
| Larry Owens\[1\] | 7 | 0 | 10.7 | .364 | .400 | .750 | 1.9 | .6 | .0 | .1 | 1.9 |
| **Johan Petro** | 59 | 10 | 15.6 | .419 | 1.000 | .838 | 3.8 | .8 | .4 | .4 | 4.2 |
| Jerry Smith\[1\] | 5 | 0 | 9.2 | .214 | .167 |  | 1.4 | .8 | 1.0 | .0 | 1.4 |
| DeShawn Stevenson | 51 | 30 | 18.8 | .285 | .283 | .563 | 2.0 | .8 | .4 | .1 | 2.9 |
| **Gerald Wallace** | 16 | 16 | 35.8 | .416 | .385 | .859 | 6.8 | 3.1 | 1.4 | .7 | 15.2 |
| **Deron Williams** | 55 | 55 | 36.3 | .407 | .336 | .843 | 3.3 | 8.7 | 1.2 | .4 | 21.0 |
| Jordan Williams | 43 | 5 | 14.8 | .507 |  | .652 | 3.6 | .3 | .5 | .3 | 4.6 |
| Shawne Williams | 25 | 6 | 20.6 | .286 | .241 | .727 | 2.7 | .6 | .4 | .4 | 4.5 |
| Shelden Williams | 58 | 35 | 22.0 | .478 |  | .731 | 6.0 | .6 | .8 | .7 | 4.6 |

* **1**  Statistics with the New Jersey Nets.

## Awards, records and milestones

## Injuries

* Brook Lopez had a fracture in his right foot during the pre-season that required surgery and ended up missing the first 32 games of the regular season. He returned on February 19, 2012, and played five games before twisting his right ankle, an injury that ultimately aggravated the previous one sustained before the regular season. The Nets decided to place him on the injured list for the remainder of the season.
* Shawne Williams had surgery on February to remove bone fragments from his left foot and missed the remainder of the season.
* On February 8, Keith Bogans fractured his left ankle and tore his deltoid ligament in a game against the Detroit Pistons and missed the remainder of the season.
* Damion James had surgery on his right foot and was out for the season after playing in seven games.

## Transactions

### Overview

### Trades

### Free agents

| Additions | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Player | Date signed | Former team |
| Dennis Horner | December 9 | Springfield Armor
(D-League) |
| Shelden Williams | December 13 | New York Knicks |
| Shawne Williams | December 16 | New York Knicks |
| Kris Humphries | December 21 | Re-signed |
| DeShawn Stevenson | December 23 | Dallas Mavericks |
| Larry Owens | January 18 | Tulsa 66ers
(D-League) |
| Keith Bogans | January 31 | Chicago Bulls |
| Gerald Green | March 18 | After signing two 10-day contracts |

| Subtractions | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Player | Date signed | New team |
| Sasha Vujačić | July 15 | Anadolu Efes (Turkey) |
| Mario West | August 2 | Tezenis Verona (Italy) |
| Brandan Wright | December 9 | Dallas Mavericks |
| Ben Uzoh | December 19 | Charlotte Bobcats |

Many players signed with teams from other leagues due to the 2011 NBA lockout. FIBA allows players under NBA contracts to sign and play for teams from other leagues if the contracts have opt-out clauses that allow the players to return to the NBA if the lockout ends. The Chinese Basketball Association, however, only allows its clubs to sign foreign free agents who could play for at least the entire season.

| Played in other leagues during lockout | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Player | Date signed | New team | Opt-out clause |
| Deron Williams | July 16 | Beşiktaş Milangaz (Turkey) | Yes |
| Jordan Farmar | August 3 | Maccabi Tel Aviv (Israel) | Yes |
| Ben Uzoh | October 1 | Lokomotiv-Kuban (Russia) | No |
| Dan Gadzuric | October 4 | Jiangsu Dragons (China) | No |
| Jordan Williams | November 20 | Zastal Zielona Góra (Poland) | Yes |

1. "Report: NBA draft moving to Newark". *ESPN.com*. October 27, 2010. Archived from the original on October 30, 2010. Retrieved October 27, 2010.
2. Deron Williams sets franchise record with 57 points to lead New Jersey Nets past Charlotte Bobcats, Toronto Star. March 5, 2012. Retrieved May 19, 2012.
3. Brook Lopez to have foot surgery, ESPN.com. December 22, 2011. Retrieved May 19, 2012.
4. Nets shut down C Brook Lopez for the season Archived 2012-04-11 at the Wayback Machine, NBA.com. April 6, 2012.Retrieved May 19, 2012.
5. Nets F Shawne Williams has surgery on left foot, Yahoo! Sports, February 22, 2012. Retrieved May 19, 2012.
6. Source: Keith Bogans out for season, ESPN.com, February 9, 2012. Retrieved May 19, 2012.
7. Damion James done for season, ESPN.com, January 24, 2012. Retrieved May 19, 2012.
8. "FIBA: NBA stars can play overseas". *ESPN.com*. ESPN Internet Ventures. July 30, 2011. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
9. Sun Xiaochen (August 21, 2011). "New rule shuts door on NBA stars". *China Daily*. Archived from the original on August 30, 2011.
10. "Deron Williams inks deal with Beşiktaş". *ESPN.com*. July 16, 2011. Retrieved July 16, 2011.
11. "Jordan Farmar signs with Tel Aviv". *ESPN.com*. August 3, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2011.
12. "Lokomotiv-Kuban". *EurocupBasketball.com*. Euroleague. October 1, 2011. Archived from the original on October 9, 2011. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
13. "Chinees avontuur Gadzuric" \[Chinese Adventure for Gadzuric\]. *De Telegraaf* (in Dutch). Telegraaf Media Nederland. October 4, 2011. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
14. "Nets rookie Williams to play in Poland". *FOX Sports*. Fox Sports Interactive Media, LLC. November 21, 2011. Retrieved November 25, 2011.

## InfoBox

| 2011–12 New Jersey Nets season | |
| --- | --- |
| Head coach | Avery Johnson |
| Owners | Mikhail Prokhorov |
| Arena | Prudential Center |
| Results | |
| Record | 2244 (.333) |
| Place | Division: 5th (Atlantic)
Conference: 12th (Eastern) |
| Playoff finish | Did not qualify |
| ---  Stats at **Basketball-Reference.com** | |
| Local media | |
| Television | YES Network, WWOR |
| Radio | WFAN |
|


title: Evan Bartels

abstract: Evan George Bartels is an American singer-songwriter, musician, and writer from Nashville, Tennessee.

text:
# Evan Bartels

**Evan George Bartels** is an American singer-songwriter, musician, and writer from Nashville, Tennessee.

## Biography

Bartels grew up in Tobias, Nebraska as the second youngest of four kids. At the age of 5 years old he developed an interest in music and began learning piano during his early elementary school years. Around the age of 12 years old, Bartels received his first acoustic guitar and began teaching himself how to play. Through his teenage years he gained experience songwriting by playing in bands.

In 2017, Bartels spent a considerable amount of time on the road, performing 110 dates on his *Great Americana Tour*. Amidst his 2017 touring, while in Red Hook, Brooklyn, Bartels performed on NPR Music’s Night Owl music series via Facebook live.

Evan Bartels released his debut album, *‘The Devil, God & Me’*, on Sower Records, on September 23, 2017. The album spent one week at No. 5 on the Billboard Heatseekers – West North Central chart.

## Discography

* *The Devil, God & Me* (2017)—Released September 23, 2017
* *Promised Land* (2019) - Released April 26, 2019
* “Lonesome” (2021) Released September 17, 2021

## InfoBox

| Evan Bartels | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Evan George Bartels |
| Origin | Tobias, Nebraska, United States |
| Genres | Americana, Rock and Roll, pop |
| Occupation(s) | Singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, writer |
| Years active | 2010—present |
|  | |
| Website | https://www.evanbartels.com |


abstract: The 2001–02 Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 season was the 76th season of top-tier football in Tunisia.

text:
# 2001–02 Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1

The **2001–02 Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1** season was the 76th season of top-tier football in Tunisia.

## Results

### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Espérance de Tunis | 22 | 13 | 7 | 2 | 40 | 19 | +21 | 46 | Qualification to the 2003 CAF Champions League |
| 2 | Étoile du Sahel | 22 | 11 | 6 | 5 | 28 | 18 | +10 | 39 | Qualification to the 2003 African Cup Winners' Cup |
| 3 | Club Africain | 22 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 31 | 26 | +5 | 35 | Qualification to the 2003 CAF Cup |
| 4 | CS Sfaxien | 22 | 7 | 10 | 5 | 29 | 29 | 0 | 31 |  |
| 5 | CS Hammam-Lif | 22 | 6 | 10 | 6 | 23 | 27 | 4 | | 28 |
| 6 | Stade Tunisien | 22 | 5 | 13 | 4 | 26 | 19 | +7 | | 28 |
| 7 | Olympique Béja | 22 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 17 | 21 | 4 | | 28 |
| 8 | CA Bizertin | 22 | 5 | 12 | 5 | 16 | 17 | 1 | | 27 |
| 9 | ES Zarzis | 22 | 7 | 4 | 11 | 23 | 25 | 2 | | 25 |
| 10 | US Monastir | 22 | 5 | 8 | 9 | 22 | 20 | +2 | | 23 |
| 11 | CO Médenine | 22 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 15 | 26 | 11 | 23 | Relegation to the Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 2 |
| 12 | CO Transports | 22 | 1 | 10 | 11 | 15 | 38 | 23 | | 13 |

Updated to match(es) played on 1 May 2002. Source: Ligue 1
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
Notes:

### Result table

| Home \ Away | CA | CAB | COM | COT | CSHL | CSS | EST | ESZ | ESS | OB | ST | USM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Club Africain |  | 2–1 | 3–0 | 1–0 | 3–3 | 1–1 | 1–2 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 3–1 |
| CA Bizertin | 1–0 |  | 2–0 | 0–0 | 0–1 | 2–2 | 2–1 | 2–0 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 0–0 |
| CO Médenine | 3–0 | 0–1 |  | 1–0 | 1–0 | 0–1 | 0–0 | 2–0 | 1–3 | 1–0 | 1–1 | 1–0 |
| Club Olympique des Transports | 0–0 | 0–0 | 2–1 |  | 2–3 | 2–2 | 0–2 | 0–1 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 0–4 | 1–6 |
| CS Hammam-Lif | 1–2 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 2–2 |  | 3–3 | 0–3 | 2–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 1–0 |
| CS Sfaxien | 1–3 | 1–1 | 2–2 | 2–1 | 1–0 |  | 1–3 | 1–0 | 0–0 | 1–0 | 0–0 | 2–1 |
| ES Tunis | 3–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 2–2 | 1–1 |  | 2–0 | 3–2 | 1–0 | 3–1 | 2–1 |
| ES Zarzis | 1–2 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 5–0 | 3–0 | 2–1 | 1–1 |  | 1–2 | 1–3 | 1–2 | 0–1 |
| Étoile du Sahel | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–0 | 1–0 | 2–0 | 3–2 | 2–0 | 1–2 |  | 3–1 | 2–0 | 1–0 |
| Olympique Béja | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 0–0 | 2–1 | 0–2 | 1–0 | 1–0 |  | 1–0 | 1–0 |
| Stade Tunisien | 1–1 | 4–1 | 4–0 | 1–1 | 0–1 | 1–1 | 2–2 | 1–1 | 0–0 | 1–0 |  | 0–0 |
| US Monastir | 3–1 | 0–0 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 0–0 | 1–2 | 2–2 | 0–0 | 2–0 | 1–2 | 0–0 |  |

Updated to match(es) played on 1 May 2002. Source: Ligue 1
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.

Source:

## Leaders

1. "Tunisia 2001/02". *RSSSF*. Retrieved 2021-07-29.

## InfoBox

Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1
| Season | 2001–02 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Espérance de Tunis |
| Relegated | CO Médenine<br>CO Transports |
| Champions League | Espérance de Tunis |
| Cup Winners' Cup | Étoile du Sahel |
| CAF Cup | Club Africain |
| Matches played | 132 |
| Goals scored | 285 (2.16 per match) |
| Top goalscorer | Kandia Traoré (13 goals) |
| Biggest home win | ES Zarzis 5–0 COT |
| Biggest away win | COT 1–6 US Monastir |
| Highest scoring | COT 1–6 US Monastir |
| 2000–01 2002–03 | |


abstract: The Executive Agency for Exploration and Maintenance of the Danube River (EAEMDR) of Bulgaria was established as an organization in 1935 under the name Danube Hydrographical Service within the structure of the Ministry of Railways, Post Offices and Telegraphs. The headquarters were situated in the city of Lom and the responsibilities of the Service were related to the maintenance of the waterway, creation of maps of the Danube River, conduction of hydro meteorological surveys in the Bulgarian section of the river.

text:
# Executive Agency for Exploration and Maintenance of the Danube River

The **Executive Agency for Exploration and Maintenance of the Danube River** (EAEMDR) of Bulgaria was established as an organization in 1935 under the name **Danube Hydrographical Service** within the structure of the Ministry of Railways, Post Offices and Telegraphs. The headquarters were situated in the city of Lom and the responsibilities of the Service were related to the maintenance of the waterway, creation of maps of the Danube River, conduction of hydro meteorological surveys in the Bulgarian section of the river.

## History

The Danube Hydrographical Service was established in 1935 to maintain the Bulgarian section of the Danube. In 1949, after the ratification of the “Convention for the sailing regime on the Danube River”, the Danube Hydrographical Service passed over to the Ministry of Defense – Danube Fleet.

Four years later the service was reinstated as a part of the Ministry of Railways, Post Offices and Telegraphs, and the Navigational Waterway Office was established in Ruse. In the year 1955 the organization passed over under the structure of the Bulgarian River Fleet and in the next year the Council of Ministers adopted a decree, by the force of which the Navigational Waterway Office was restructured into the “Administration for the Maintenance of the Navigational Waterway and Exploration of the Danube River” within the Ministry of Transport, Information technology and communications.

In December 1999 the Administration was transformed into the Executive Agency for Exploration and Maintenance of the Danube River.

## Functions

The functions of EAEMDR are related to:

* Ensuring safety of navigation in the common Bulgarian-Romanian section of the river;
* Studying the hydro morphological and hydrological conditions of the river in the Bulgarian section, processing the data from the studies and, on its basis, issuing guides, navigational maps, plans, yearbooks, reference books and other river navigational aids for the purposes of the Danube Commission and the Joint Bulgarian-Romanian commissions;
* Collecting and disseminating information regarding the condition of the waterway and navigational routes and for the hydro meteorological conditions;
* Alerting the respective authorities, ministries and administrations to the need of precautionary steps in case of foreseeable danger of flooding, banc erosions and others;
* Studying and approving projects for the construction of hydro technical and other infrastructure along the Danube River;
* Monitoring and approving the position of mining equipment with a view over navigational safety and the possibility of corrosion of banks and islands.

## International activities

The Agency works in cooperation with the inland waterway administrations in the other states along the Danube River. It takes part in workshops in the field of navigation and inland waterway maintenance and implements projects in the frames of the Danube Strategy of the EU, Bulgarian-Romanian commissions, the Danube Commission, GIS Forum.


title: 1972–73 Los Angeles Sharks season

abstract: 1972–73 Los Angeles Sharks season was the Los Angeles Sharks inaugural season in the World Hockey Association.

text:
# 1972–73 Los Angeles Sharks season

**1972–73 Los Angeles Sharks season** was the Los Angeles Sharks inaugural season in the World Hockey Association.

## Offseason

The WHA awarded a franchise to Los Angeles and it was originally called the "Los Angeles Aces," while the San Francisco franchise was called the Sharks. However, when funding fell through and the San Francisco franchise was then moved to Quebec to become the Nordiques, the Los Angeles group took the name Sharks and created the stylized menacing shark logo. The team colors of red and black were based on the original nickname "aces", being that the two colors in a deck of cards are red and black.

## Regular season

The Sharks hung around the .500 mark for much of the season. The Winnipeg Jets, led by Bobby Hull, were clearly the class of the WHA's Western Division. Four teams (the Houston Aeros, Minnesota Fighting Saints, Alberta Oilers, and Sharks staged a season long see-saw battle for 2nd through 5th place, with only the top four making the playoffs (The Chicago Cougars finished in a distant 6th place).

The Sharks strength was their defense, which ranked 3rd in the league. Bart Crashley, Gerry Odrowski, and Jim Watson anchored the blue line. George Gardner (GAA 3.30) was a capable #1 goalie for the first half of the season, while 32-year-old rookie Russ Gillow (2.91 GAA) took over the top spot for most of the second half. In fact, Gillow was second in the WHA to Gerry Cheevers in GAA.

The offense had quality but lacked depth. It was led by 43 goal scorer Gary Veneruzzo while Alton White was 2nd on the team in goals with 20. Veneruzzo also led the team in points with 73, followed by playmaking center J.P. LeBlanc (19 goals and 50 assists for 69 points), and defenseman Bart Crashley, who anchored the power play and chipped in 18 goals and 27 assists.

Sharks special teams were solid, ranking 4th in the league in power play and 5th in penalty killing.

Ultimately, the Sharks went 6–3–1 in their last 10 games, including winning their last two to climb from 5th place to 3rd.

### Final standings

Western Division
|  | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA | PIM | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Winnipeg Jets** | 78 | 43 | 31 | 4 | 285 | 249 | 757 | 90 |
| **Houston Aeros** | 78 | 39 | 35 | 4 | 284 | 269 | 1363 | 82 |
| **Los Angeles Sharks** | 78 | 37 | 35 | 6 | 259 | 250 | 1477 | 80 |
| **Minnesota Fighting Saints** | 78 | 38 | 37 | 3 | 250 | 269 | 843 | 79 |
| Alberta Oilers | 78 | 38 | 37 | 3 | 269 | 256 | 1134 | 79 |
| Chicago Cougars | 78 | 26 | 50 | 2 | 245 | 295 | 811 | 54 |

### Game log

| Regular season schedule | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| No. | R | Date | Score | Opponent | Record |
| 1 | L | October 13, 1972 | 2–3 | Houston Aeros (1972–73) | 0–1–0 |
| 2 | W | October 15, 1972 | 5–1 | @ Houston Aeros (1972–73) | 1–1–0 |
| 3 | W | October 17, 1972 | 5–1 | @ Minnesota Fighting Saints (1972–73) | 2–1–0 |
| 4 | W | October 19, 1972 | 4–2 | Philadelphia Blazers (1972–73) | 3–1–0 |
| 5 | L | October 22, 1972 | 2–4 | Chicago Cougars (1972–73) | 3–2–0 |
| 6 | L | October 25, 1972 | 5–8 | Ottawa Nationals (1972–73) | 3–3–0 |
| 7 | L | October 27, 1972 | 4–5 | @ Philadelphia Blazers (1972–73) | 3–4–0 |
| 8 | W | October 28, 1972 | 4–3 OT | @ New York Raiders (1972–73) | 4–4–0 |
| 9 | W | October 31, 1972 | 4–2 | @ Quebec Nordiques (1972–73) | 5–4–0 |
| 10 | T | November 2, 1972 | 1–1 | @ Ottawa Nationals (1972–73) | 5–4–1 |
| 11 | W | November 4, 1972 | 3–2 OT | @ Chicago Cougars (1972–73) | 6–4–1 |
| 12 | W | November 5, 1972 | 4–0 | Houston Aeros (1972–73) | 7–4–1 |
| 13 | W | November 8, 1972 | 2–1 | New York Raiders (1972–73) | 8–4–1 |
| 14 | L | November 9, 1972 | 2–7 | @ Alberta Oilers (1972–73) | 8–5–1 |
| 15 | L | November 11, 1972 | 3–5 | @ Alberta Oilers (1972–73) | 8–6–1 |
| 16 | L | November 12, 1972 | 2–5 | @ Winnipeg Jets (1972–73) | 8–7–1 |
| 17 | L | November 14, 1972 | 0–8 | @ Winnipeg Jets (1972–73) | 8–8–1 |
| 18 | W | November 15, 1972 | 6–4 | @ Houston Aeros (1972–73) | 9–8–1 |
| 19 | L | November 17, 1972 | 1–5 | Winnipeg Jets (1972–73) | 9–9–1 |
| 20 | L | November 19, 1972 | 3–4 | Winnipeg Jets (1972–73) | 9–10–1 |
| 21 | L | November 21, 1972 | 2–5 | Cleveland Crusaders (1972–73) | 9–11–1 |
| 22 | L | November 23, 1972 | 3–4 | @ Minnesota Fighting Saints (1972–73) | 9–12–1 |
| 23 | L | November 24, 1972 | 2–3 OT | @ Cleveland Crusaders (1972–73) | 9–13–1 |
| 24 | W | November 26, 1972 | 6–2 | @ New York Raiders (1972–73) | 10–13–1 |
| 25 | L | November 28, 1972 | 3–4 | @ Philadelphia Blazers (1972–73) | 10–14–1 |
| 26 | W | November 30, 1972 | 6–3 | Houston Aeros (1972–73) | 11–14–1 |
| 27 | W | December 1, 1972 | 5–3 | @ Chicago Cougars (1972–73) | 12–14–1 |
| 28 | W | December 2, 1972 | 4–2 | @ Chicago Cougars (1972–73) | 13–14–1 |
| 29 | W | December 8, 1972 | 4–2 | Alberta Oilers (1972–73) | 14–14–1 |
| 30 | W | December 10, 1972 | 5–3 | Alberta Oilers (1972–73) | 15–14–1 |
| 31 | T | December 12, 1972 | 3–3 | Minnesota Fighting Saints (1972–73) | 15–14–2 |
| 32 | L | December 14, 1972 | 2–5 | New England Whalers (1972–73) | 15–15–2 |
| 33 | T | December 17, 1972 | 4–4 | @ Houston Aeros (1972–73) | 15–15–3 |
| 34 | L | December 19, 1972 | 5–7 | @ Houston Aeros (1972–73) | 15–16–3 |
| 35 | T | December 21, 1972 | 4–4 | @ Ottawa Nationals (1972–73) | 15–16–4 |
| 36 | L | December 23, 1972 | 1–2 | @ Quebec Nordiques (1972–73) | 15–17–4 |
| 37 | W | December 24, 1972 | 5–3 | @ New England Whalers (1972–73) | 16–17–4 |
| 38 | L | December 28, 1972 | 2–4 | Minnesota Fighting Saints (1972–73) | 16–18–4 |
| 39 | W | December 29, 1972 | 5–2 | Minnesota Fighting Saints (1972–73) | 17–18–4 |
| 40 | L | December 31, 1972 | 1–3 | Philadelphia Blazers (1972–73) | 17–19–4 |
| 41 | W | January 9, 1973 | 4–3 OT | @ Minnesota Fighting Saints (1972–73) | 18–19–4 |
| 42 | W | January 10, 1973 | 8–5 | @ Chicago Cougars (1972–73) | 19–19–4 |
| 43 | L | January 12, 1973 | 1–2 | Alberta Oilers (1972–73) | 19–20–4 |
| 44 | L | January 13, 1973 | 1–4 | Alberta Oilers (1972–73) | 19–21–4 |
| 45 | W | January 15, 1973 | 4–3 | @ Alberta Oilers (1972–73) | 20–21–4 |
| 46 | L | January 16, 1973 | 5–6 OT | @ Alberta Oilers (1972–73) | 20–22–4 |
| 47 | L | January 19, 1973 | 1–4 | Cleveland Crusaders (1972–73) | 20–23–4 |
| 48 | W | January 21, 1973 | 3–2 | Cleveland Crusaders (1972–73) | 21–23–4 |
| 49 | L | January 26, 1973 | 4–5 OT | New York Raiders (1972–73) | 21–24–4 |
| 50 | W | January 28, 1973 | 9–2 | New York Raiders (1972–73) | 22–24–4 |
| 51 | W | January 30, 1973 | 5–2 | @ Houston Aeros (1972–73) | 23–24–4 |
| 52 | W | February 2, 1973 | 3–1 | New England Whalers (1972–73) | 24–24–4 |
| 53 | W | February 4, 1973 | 4–3 | New England Whalers (1972–73) | 25–24–4 |
| 54 | W | February 8, 1973 | 3–1 | Minnesota Fighting Saints (1972–73) | 26–24–4 |
| 55 | L | February 10, 1973 | 5–6 OT | Winnipeg Jets (1972–73) | 26–25–4 |
| 56 | L | February 11, 1973 | 0–3 | Winnipeg Jets (1972–73) | 26–26–4 |
| 57 | L | February 13, 1973 | 1–6 | Chicago Cougars (1972–73) | 26–27–4 |
| 58 | L | February 15, 1973 | 5–6 | @ New England Whalers (1972–73) | 26–28–4 |
| 59 | T | February 16, 1973 | 2–2 | @ Quebec Nordiques (1972–73) | 26–28–5 |
| 60 | W | February 18, 1973 | 4–1 | @ Philadelphia Blazers (1972–73) | 27–28–5 |
| 61 | W | February 20, 1973 | 4–2 | @ Ottawa Nationals (1972–73) | 28–28–5 |
| 62 | L | February 24, 1973 | 3–5 | Quebec Nordiques (1972–73) | 28–29–5 |
| 63 | W | February 25, 1973 | 4–2 | Quebec Nordiques (1972–73) | 29–29–5 |
| 64 | W | March 1, 1973 | 4–1 | @ Minnesota Fighting Saints (1972–73) | 30–29–5 |
| 65 | L | March 2, 1973 | 1–2 | @ Winnipeg Jets (1972–73) | 30–30–5 |
| 66 | L | March 4, 1973 | 1–2 | @ Winnipeg Jets (1972–73) | 30–31–5 |
| 67 | W | March 6, 1973 | 3–2 OT | Quebec Nordiques (1972–73) | 31–31–5 |
| 68 | L | March 7, 1973 | 1–3 | Houston Aeros (1972–73) | 31–32–5 |
| 69 | W | March 9, 1973 | 5–1 | Houston Aeros (1972–73) | 32–32–5 |
| 70 | W | March 11, 1973 | 4–2 | Ottawa Nationals (1972–73) | 33–32–5 |
| 71 | L | March 13, 1973 | 1–3 | Ottawa Nationals (1972–73) | 33–33–5 |
| 72 | W | March 15, 1973 | 6–2 | @ New York Raiders (1972–73) | 34–33–5 |
| 73 | W | March 17, 1973 | 2–0 | @ Cleveland Crusaders (1972–73) | 35–33–5 |
| 74 | T | March 19, 1973 | 5–5 | @ Cleveland Crusaders (1972–73) | 35–33–6 |
| 75 | L | March 20, 1973 | 1–4 | @ New England Whalers (1972–73) | 35–34–6 |
| 76 | L | March 23, 1973 | 3–7 | Philadelphia Blazers (1972–73) | 35–35–6 |
| 77 | W | March 25, 1973 | 1–0 | Chicago Cougars (1972–73) | 36–35–6 |
| 78 | W | March 27, 1973 | 4–1 | Chicago Cougars (1972–73) | 37–35–6 |

## Playoffs

The Sharks' 3rd place finish enabled them to avoid a first round matchup with Bobby Hull's powerful Winnipeg Jets and earned them a series with the 2nd place Houston Aeros, who finished 2 points ahead of the Sharks in the standings.

After opening in Houston with an uninspired 7–2 loss, the Sharks bounced back to win game two by a 4–2 score. Heading back to L.A. with a split, the Sharks won a thrilling game three by a score of 3–2; goalie Russ Gillow made several spectacular saves to preserve the win. The turning point was game four. The clubs battled through regulation tied at 2; if the Sharks scored the next goal, they would have a commanding 3–1 series lead but if Houston scored, the series would be tied going back to Houston. Winger Murray Hall scored for Houston, and the Sharks didn't win another game, losing game five 6–3 and game six, 3–2. After the series, coach Terry Slater was criticized for starting George Gardner in games 1 and 5 despite the fact Gillow played better the second half of the season. Gardner was pulled in game 1 (a 7–2 loss) and did not play well in game 5 (a 6–3 loss). Garnder's GAA for the series was 5.69 while Gillow's was 2.91. Slater stated he wanted the veteran Gardner to start game 1 over the rookie Gillow.

### Houston Aeros 4, Los Angeles Sharks 2 - Semifinals

| **#** | **Date** | **Visitor** | **Score** | **Home** | **Record** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | April 5 | Los Angeles Sharks | 2–7 | Houston Aeros | 0–1 |
| 2 | April 7 | Los Angeles Sharks | 4–2 | Houston Aeros | 1–1 |
| 3 | April 11 | Houston Aeros | 2–3 | Los Angeles Sharks | 2–1 |
| 4 | April 13 | Houston Aeros | 3–2 OT | Los Angeles Sharks | 2–2 |
| 5 | April 15 | Los Angeles Sharks | 3–6 | Houston Aeros | 2–3 |
| 6 | April 17 | Houston Aeros | 3–2 | Los Angeles Sharks | 2–4 |

## Player stats

| Regular season |
| --- |
| **Scoring** |
| Player Pos GP G A Pts PIM +/- PPG SHG GWG  Gary Veneruzzo W 78 43 30 73 34 0 13 0 5  J.P. LeBlanc C 77 19 50 69 49 0 2 1 3  Bart Crashley D 70 18 27 45 10 0 7 0 0  Joe Szura C 73 13 32 45 25 0 3 0 0  Alton White RW 57 20 17 37 22 0 2 0 0  Tom Serviss C 73 11 26 37 32 0 0 3 0  Gerry Odrowski D 78 6 31 37 89 0 0 1 0  Mike Byers RW 56 19 17 36 20 0 2 0 0  Tom Gilmore LW 71 17 18 35 191 0 6 0 0  Earl Heiskala LW 70 12 17 29 150 0 2 0 0  Jim Niekamp D 78 7 22 29 155 0 0 1 0  Bill Young LW 50 14 12 26 46 0 6 0 0  Peter Slater RW 73 12 12 24 87 0 3 0 0  Ralph MacSweyn D 78 0 23 23 39 0 0 0 0  Ted McCaskill C 73 11 11 22 150 0 0 2 0  Jim Watson D 75 5 15 20 123 0 1 0 0  Steve Sutherland LW 44 11 6 17 98 0 0 0 0  Fred Speck C 28 3 13 16 22 0 0 0 0  Mike Hyndman RW 19 8 7 15 11 0 1 0 0  Bernie MacNeil LW 42 4 7 11 48 0 0 0 0  Bob Jones LW 20 2 7 9 8 0 1 0 0  Howie Heggedal LW 8 2 1 3 0 0 1 0 0  Jarda Krupicka RW 6 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0  Larry Mavety D 2 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 0  George Gardner G 49 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0  Russ Gillow G 38 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0  Mike Jakubo C 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  Bob Perreault G 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  Jerry Zrymiak D 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |
| **Goaltending** |
| Player MIN GP W L T GA GAA SO  George Gardner 2713 49 19 22 4 149 3.30 1  Russ Gillow 1982 38 17 13 2 96 2.91 2  Bob Perreault 60 1 1 0 0 2 2.00 0  **Team:** 4755 78 37 35 6 247 3.12 3 |

| Playoffs |
| --- |
| **Scoring** |
| Player Pos GP G A Pts PIM PPG SHG GWG  Fred Speck C 6 3 2 5 2 1 0 0  Ted McCaskill C 6 2 3 5 12 0 0 0  J.P. LeBlanc C 6 0 5 5 2 0 0 0  Tom Gilmore LW 5 1 3 4 2 0 0 0  Gary Veneruzzo W 6 3 0 3 4 1 0 1  Jim Niekamp D 6 2 1 3 10 0 0 0  Ralph MacSweyn D 6 1 2 3 4 0 0 0  Gerry Odrowski D 6 1 2 3 6 0 0 1  Mike Hyndman RW 6 0 3 3 17 0 0 0  Earl Heiskala LW 5 1 1 2 4 1 0 0  Bart Crashley D 6 0 2 2 2 0 0 0  Steve Sutherland LW 6 0 2 2 8 0 0 0  Alton White RW 6 1 0 1 0 1 0 0  Jerry Zrymiak D 2 1 0 1 2 0 0 0  Jim Watson D 4 0 1 1 2 0 0 0  George Gardner G 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  Russ Gillow G 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  Howie Heggedal LW 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  Bernie MacNeil LW 3 0 0 0 4 0 0 0  Tom Serviss C 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  Peter Slater RW 6 0 0 0 2 0 0 0  Joe Szura C 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 |
| **Goaltending** |
| Player MIN GP W L GA GAA SO  George Gardner 116 3 1 2 11 5.69 0  Russ Gillow 247 5 1 2 12 2.91 0  **Team:** 363 6 2 4 23 3.80 0 |

Note: Pos = Position; GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/- = plus/minus; PIM = Penalty minutes; PPG = Power-play goals; SHG = Short-handed goals; GWG = Game-winning goals
MIN = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals-against; GAA = Goals-against average; SO = Shutouts;

## Awards and records

## Transactions

## Draft picks

3rd round, 8th pick (32nd overall pick) – Robert Klein, D – Kamloops

## Farm teams

## InfoBox

| 1972–73 Los Angeles Sharks | |
| --- | --- |
| Division | 3rd Western |
| 1972–73 record | 37–35–6 |
| Home record | 18–20–1 |
| Road record | 19–15–5 |
| Goals for | 259 |
| Goals against | 250 |
| Team information | |
| General manager | Dennis Murphy |
| Coach | Terry Slater |
| Captain | Ted McCaskill |
| Alternate captains | Earl Heiskala
Gerry Odrowski
Jim Watson |
| Arena | Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena (35 games)
Long Beach Arena (4 games) |
| Average attendance | 5,982 (41.7%) |
| Team leaders | |
| Goals | Gary Veneruzzo (43) |
| Assists | J.P. LeBlanc (50) |
| Points | Gary Veneruzzo (73) |
| Penalty minutes | Tom Gilmore (191) |
| Wins | George Gardner (19) |
| Goals against average | Russ Gillow (2.88) |
|


title: 2010 UK quango reforms

abstract:
Following the 2010 United Kingdom general election, the UK Government under the Cameron–Clegg coalition
announced plans to curb public spending through the abolition of a large number of quasi-autonomous non-governmental organisations (quangos). This was styled in the national press as a "bonfire of the quangos", making reference to Girolamo Savonarola's religiously inspired Bonfire of the Vanities. On 23 May 2010, Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne unveiled a £500 million plan to reduce the budget deficit by abolishing or merging many quangos. The cuts and closures received criticism in some quarters, but was generally welcomed by the business community. A decade later in 2021, the UK Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee claimed in a report that the reforms “failed to spark” and that the Cabinet Office has “not been enforcing the code for public appointments”.

text:
# 2010 UK quango reforms

Following the 2010 United Kingdom general election, the UK Government under the Cameron–Clegg coalition announced plans to curb public spending through the abolition of a large number of quasi-autonomous non-governmental organisations (quangos). This was styled in the national press as a "**bonfire of the quangos**", making reference to Girolamo Savonarola's religiously inspired Bonfire of the Vanities ("falò delle vanità").

On 23 May 2010, Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne unveiled a £500 million plan to reduce the budget deficit by abolishing or merging many quangos. The cuts and closures received criticism in some quarters, but was generally welcomed by the business community. A decade later in 2021, the UK Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee claimed in a report that the reforms “failed to spark” and that the Cabinet Office has “not been enforcing the code for public appointments”.

## Categorisation of reform

On 14 October 2010, the government released a document *Public Bodies Reform – Proposals for Change* outlining plans for each quango. The document broadly classified each quango into one of four groups:

Retainthe government thought it expedient to retain the organisation Mergethe organisation would be merged with another organ of state or its function could be replicated by a third sector organisation Abolishthe organisation would be abolished Under considerationfirm plans were not drawn up for organisations in this category, but deadlines were set for complete consideration.

The document also contained a description of which ministry of state or government department the organisation was part of.

## Quangos to be abolished

*The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills*

*The Cabinet Office*

*The Department for Communities and Local Government*

*The Department for Culture, Media and Sport*

*The Department of Energy and Climate Change*

*The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs*

*The Department for Education*

*The Foreign and Commonwealth Office*

*The Ministry of Justice*

*The Department for Transport*

## Quangos to be abolished with reservations

Some or all functions of these quangos was to be transferred to civil service, local government, other quangos, expert committees, charity or the private sector.

*The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills*

*The Cabinet Office*

*The Department for Communities and Local Government*

*The Department for Culture, Media and Sport*

*The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs*

*Department for Education*

*The Department of Health*

*The Ministry of Justice*

*The Department for Transport*

*The Department for Work and Pensions*

## Quangos to be merged

*The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills*

*The Department for Culture, Media and Sport*

*The Ministry of Justice*

*The Department for Work and Pensions*

## Quangos to be reviewed

*The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills*

*The Cabinet Office*

*The Department for Culture, Media and Sport*

*The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs*

*The Department of Education*

*The Foreign and Commonwealth Office*

*The Ministry of Justice*

*The Home Office*


title: 1993 in the decathlon

abstract: This page lists the World Best Year Performance in the year 1993 in the men's decathlon. One of the main events during this season were the 1993 World Championships in Stuttgart, Germany, where the competition started on Thursday August 19, 1993, and ended on Friday August 20, 1993.

text:
# 1993 in the decathlon

This page lists the **World Best Year Performance** in the year **1993** in the men's **decathlon**. One of the main events during this season were the 1993 World Championships in Stuttgart, Germany, where the competition started on Thursday August 19, 1993, and ended on Friday August 20, 1993.

## Records

| Standing records prior to the 1993 season in track and field | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| World record | Dan O'Brien (USA) | **8891** | September 5, 1992 | Talence, France |

## 1993 World Year Ranking

| Rank | Points | Athlete | Venue | Date | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **8817** | Dan O'Brien (USA) | Stuttgart, Germany | August 20 |  |
| 2 | **8724** | Eduard Hämäläinen (BLR) | Stuttgart, Germany | August 20 |  |
| 3 | **8548** | Paul Meier (GER) | Stuttgart, Germany | August 20 | PB |
| 4 | **8500** | Christian Schenk (GER) | Stuttgart, Germany | August 20 | PB |
| 5 | **8444** | Alain Blondel (FRA) | Stuttgart, Germany | August 20 |  |
| 6 | **8398** | Christian Plaziat (FRA) | Stuttgart, Germany | August 20 |  |
| 7 | **8362** | Michael Smith (CAN) | Götzis, Austria | May 30 |  |
| 8 | **8324** | Steve Fritz (USA) | Stuttgart, Germany | August 20 |  |
| 9 | **8297** | Vitaliy Kolpakov (UKR) | Kyiv, Ukraine | June 6 | PB |
| 10 | **8296** | Sheldon Blockburger (USA) | Brescia, Italy | May 16 |  |
| 11 | **8237** | Rob Muzzio (USA) | Stuttgart, Germany | August 20 | PB |
| 12 | **8188** | Robert Změlík (CZE) | Götzis, Austria | May 30 |  |
| 13 | **8156** | Lev Lobodin (RUS) | Götzis, Austria | May 30 |  |
| 14 | **8146** | Mikhail Medved (UKR) | Götzis, Austria | May 30 |  |
| 15 | **8101** | Dezső Szabó (HUN) | Brescia, Italy | May 16 |  |
| 16 | **8076** | Petri Keskitalo (FIN) | Oulu, Finland | July 11 |  |
| 17 | **8075** | Michael Kohnle (GER) | Stuttgart, Germany | August 20 |  |
| 18 | **8074** | Torsten Voss (GER) | Vaterstetten, Germany | June 20 |  |
| 19 | **8061** | Stefan Schmid (GER) | Aachen, Germany | August 8 |  |
| 20 | **8054** | Tomáš Dvořák (CZE) | Tours, France | August 30 |  |
| 21 | **8052** | Kip Janvrin (USA) | Aachen, Germany | August 8 |  |
| 22 | **8013** | Aric Long (USA) | Eugene, United States | June 16 |  |
| 23 | **8007** | Chris Huffins (USA) | New Orleans, United States | June 5 |  |
| 24 | **7995** | Munehiro Kaneko (JPN) | Shanghai, China | May 14 | NR |
| 25 | **7986** | Alex Kruger (GBR) | Alhama de Murcia, Spain | May 2 |  |


title: Balanjar

abstract: Balanjar was a medieval city located in the North Caucasus region, between the cities of Derbent and Samandar, probably on the lower Sulak River. It flourished between the seventh and tenth centuries. The legendary founder of Balanjar, according to the Persian and Kurdish chroniclers Ibn al-Faqih and Abu al-Fida, was named Balanjar ibn Yafith.

text:
# Balanjar

**Balanjar** (*Baranjar*, *Belenjer*, *Belendzher*, *Bülünjar*) was a medieval city located in the North Caucasus region, between the cities of Derbent and Samandar, probably on the lower Sulak River. It flourished between the seventh and tenth centuries. The legendary founder of Balanjar, according to the Persian and Kurdish chroniclers Ibn al-Faqih and Abu al-Fida, was named Balanjar ibn Yafith.

## History

In the 630s Balanjar was a capital of the Baranjar state. Some scholars speculate that the name derives from the Turkic root "Bala" or "Great", and the clan-name "Endzhar". With the rest of the Baranjar domains the city became part of the Khazar Khaganate around 650; until the early 720s, Balanjar served as the capital of Khazaria. During the First Arab-Khazar War in the 650s, a Muslim army under Abd ar-Rahman ibn Rabiah was defeated outside the town (see Battle of Balanjar).

Around 722 or 723, Umayyad soldiers under Al-Jarrah ibn Abdallah crossed the Caucasus Mountains and attacked Balanjar. The inhabitants of Balanjar tried to defend their town by fastening 3,000 wagons together and circling them around the key fortress on high terrain, but were defeated in the attack. The Arabs massacred much of the town's population; survivors fled to other towns, including Samandar. The victorious Arab army stole much booty and the soldiers received large sums of money.

The city was rebuilt after the war, but the capital of Khazaria was thereafter moved to Samandar and later to Atil. Nevertheless, Balanjar continued to be a city of great importance within the Khaganate. After the fall of Khazaria, Balanjar lost much of its importance and declined steadily until it vanished from the record around 1100.

The exact location of Balanjar has not yet been established precisely. Soviet archeologist Mikhail Artamonov initially placed Balanjar on the site of the modern Daghestani city of Buynaksk, but when later the ruins of a town to the south of Makhachkala were found, he identified them as being those of Balanjar.

* Brook, Kevin Alan (2018). *The Jews of Khazaria, Third Edition*. London: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. ISBN 9781538103425.
* Dunlop, Douglas Morton (1997). "Balanjar". *Encyclopaedia Judaica* (CD-ROM Edition Version 1.0). Ed. Cecil Roth. Keter Publishing House. ISBN 965-07-0665-8


abstract: The 2020 Alabama Democratic presidential primary took place on March 3, 2020, as one of 15 contests scheduled on Super Tuesday in the Democratic Party primaries for the 2020 presidential election. The open primary allocated 52 pledged delegates towards the 2020 Democratic National Convention, distributed in proportion to the results of the primary, statewide and within each congressional district. The state was also given an additional 8 unpledged delegates (superdelegates), whose votes at the convention were not bound to the result of the primary. Five candidates ran in this primary, including former vice president Joe Biden, senator Bernie Sanders from Vermont, former New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg, senator Elizabeth Warren from Massachusetts, and representative Tulsi Gabbard from Hawaii. Nine other candidates who withdrew prior to the contest were also on the ballot. Joe Biden won by an overwhelming landslide, winning every county and congressional district in the state. He received 63% of the vote and was awarded 44 delegates. Senator Sanders came in second place, with roughly 17% of the vote and 8 delegates. No other candidate received any delegates: Bloomberg missed the threshold with 12% and Warren only got 6%. All other candidates received under 1% of the vote.

text:
# 2020 Alabama Democratic presidential primary

| Pledged national
convention delegates | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Del. |
| CD1 | 5 |
| CD2 | 5 |
| CD3 | 4 |
| CD4 | 3 |
| CD5 | 5 |
| CD6 | 4 |
| CD7 | 8 |
| PLEO | 7 |
| At-large | 11 |
| Total pledged delegates | 52 |

The **2020 Alabama Democratic presidential primary** took place on March 3, 2020, as one of 15 contests scheduled on Super Tuesday in the Democratic Party primaries for the 2020 presidential election. The open primary allocated 52 pledged delegates towards the 2020 Democratic National Convention, distributed in proportion to the results of the primary, statewide and within each congressional district. The state was also given an additional 8 unpledged delegates (superdelegates), whose votes at the convention were not bound to the result of the primary.

Five candidates ran in this primary, including former vice president Joe Biden, senator Bernie Sanders from Vermont, former New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg, senator Elizabeth Warren from Massachusetts, and representative Tulsi Gabbard from Hawaii. Nine other candidates who withdrew prior to the contest were also on the ballot. Joe Biden won by an overwhelming landslide, winning every county and congressional district in the state. He received 63% of the vote and was awarded 44 delegates. Senator Sanders came in second place, with roughly 17% of the vote and 8 delegates. No other candidate received any delegates: Bloomberg missed the threshold with 12% and Warren only got 6%. All other candidates received under 1% of the vote.

## Procedure

Alabama was part of 14 states and one territory holding primaries on March 3, 2020, also known as "Super Tuesday," having joined other southern states on the date after a bill signed on June 10, 2015, shifted the date.

Voting took place from 7 a.m. until 7 p.m CST. In the open primary, candidates had to meet a threshold of 15 percent at the congressional district or statewide level in order to be considered viable for delegates. The 52 pledged delegates to the 2020 Democratic National Convention were allocated proportionally on the basis of the results of the primary. Of these, between 3 and 8 were allocated to each of the state's 7 congressional districts and another 7 were allocated to party leaders and elected officials (PLEO delegates), in addition to 11 at-large delegates. The Super Tuesday primary as part of Stage I on the primary timetable received no bonus delegates, in order to disperse the primaries between more different date clusters and keep too many states from hoarding on the first shared date or on a March date in general.

Should presidential candidates have been allocated more delegates based on the results of the primary than delegate candidates presented, then supplemental delegates would be elected at caucuses on March 28, 2020. Regular national convention district delegates, whose names were electable on the primary ballot beneath the presidential candidates they were pledged for, were elected on the day of the primary and published on March 28, 2020. The state executive committee meeting was held on June 6, 2020, to vote on the 11 at-large and 7 pledged PLEO delegates for the Democratic National Convention; the meeting had been postponed from April 4, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The delegation also included 8 unpledged PLEO delegates: 6 members of the Democratic National Committee and 2 members of Congress (senator Doug Jones and representative Terri Sewell).

## Candidates

The following people filed for the presidential primary and were on the ballot in Alabama:

**Running**

**Withdrawn**

There was an uncommitted option on the ballot, as well.

## Fundraising

According to the Federal Election Commission, between April 1, 2019, and November 23, 2020, Joe Biden raised $2,412,420.93 from Alabama-based contributions. Bernie Sanders raised $306,101.54, Michael Bloomberg raised $212.82, Elizabeth Warren raised $129,887.99, and Tulsi Gabbard raised $19,775.81.

## Polling

| Polling aggregation | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Source of poll aggregation | Date
updated | Dates
polled | Joe
Biden | Bernie
Sanders | Michael
Bloomberg | Elizabeth
Warren | Tulsi
Gabbard | Other/
Undecided |
| 270 to Win | March 3, 2020 | February 28 – March 2, 2020 | **44.5%** | 21.0% | 18.0% | 11.0% | 1.0% | 4.5% |
| RealClear Politics | March 3, 2020 | Insufficient recent polling to supply an average. | | | | | | |
| FiveThirtyEight | March 3, 2020 | until March 2, 2020 | **40.2%** | 18.4% | 15.9% | 10.9% | 0.5% | 14.1% |
| **Average** | | | **42.35%** | 19.7% | 16.95% | 10.95% | 0.75% | 9.3% |
| *Alabama primary results (March 3, 2020)* | | | ***63.3%*** | *16.5%* | *11.7%* | *5.7%* | *0.2%* | *2.6%* |

| Tabulation of individual polls of the 2020 Alabama Democratic Primary | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Poll source | Date(s)
administered | Sample
size | Margin
of error | Joe
Biden | Michael
Bloomberg | Cory
Booker | Pete
Buttigieg | Kamala
Harris | Beto
O'Rourke | Bernie
Sanders | Elizabeth
Warren | Other | Undecided |
|  | Mar 1–2, 2020 | Buttigieg and Klobuchar withdraw from the race | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Swayable | Mar 1–2, 2020 | 949 (LV) | ± 5.0% | **42%** | 18% |  | 3% |  |  | 20% | 10% | 8% |  |
| Data for Progress | Feb 28 – Mar 2, 2020 | 237 (LV) | ± 6.4% | **47%** | 18% |  |  |  |  | 22% | 12% | 2% |  |
|  | Jan 13, 2020 | Booker withdraws from the race | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | Dec 3, 2019 | Harris withdraws from the race | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | Nov 1, 2019 | O'Rourke withdraws from the race | | | | | | | | | | | |
| SurveyMonkey | July 2–16, 2019 | 257 | ± 7.8% | **36%** |  | 2% | 5% | 13% | 1% | 15% | 9% | 10% |  |
| Change Research | March 20–23, 2019 | 1,200 | ± 2.8% | **42%** |  | 9% | 3% | 12% | 10% | 13% | 6% | 4% |  |
| | | | |  |  | 14% | 4% | 16% | 17% | **27%** | 12% | 9% |  |

## Results

2020 Alabama Democratic presidential primary
| Candidate | Votes | % | Delegates |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Joe Biden** | **286,065** | **63.28** | **44** |
| Bernie Sanders | 74,755 | 16.54 | 8 |
| Michael Bloomberg | 52,750 | 11.67 |  |
| Elizabeth Warren | 25,847 | 5.72 | |
| Michael Bennet (withdrawn) | 2,250 | 0.50 | |
| Pete Buttigieg (withdrawn) | 1,416 | 0.31 | |
| Tom Steyer (withdrawn) | 1,048 | 0.23 | |
| Tulsi Gabbard | 1,038 | 0.23 | |
| Amy Klobuchar (withdrawn) | 907 | 0.20 | |
| Andrew Yang (withdrawn) | 875 | 0.19 | |
| Cory Booker (withdrawn) | 740 | 0.16 | |
| John Delaney (withdrawn) | 294 | 0.07 | |
| Marianne Williamson (withdrawn) | 224 | 0.05 | |
| Julian Castro (withdrawn) | 184 | 0.04 | |
| *Uncommitted* | 3,700 | 0.82 | |
| Total | 452,093 | 100% | 52 |

### Results by county

| 2020 Alabama Democratic primary (results by county) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| County | Biden | | Sanders | | Bloomberg | | Warren | | Others | | Uncommitted | | Total votes |
| | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |
| Autauga | **2,239** | **63.03** | 604 | 17.00 | 427 | 12.02 | 193 | 5.43 | 68 | 1.91 | 21 | 0.59 | **3,552** |
| Baldwin | **7,321** | **58.24** | 2,475 | 19.69 | 1,516 | 12.06 | 892 | 7.10 | 282 | 2.24 | 84 | 0.67 | **12,570** |
| Barbour | **1,899** | **74.97** | 202 | 7.97 | 287 | 11.33 | 57 | 2.25 | 71 | 2.80 | 17 | 0.67 | **2,533** |
| Bibb | **559** | **56.18** | 138 | 13.87 | 243 | 24.42 | 34 | 3.42 | 15 | 1.51 | 6 | 0.60 | **995** |
| Blount | **654** | **50.86** | 336 | 26.13 | 147 | 11.43 | 91 | 7.08 | 35 | 2.72 | 23 | 1.79 | **1,286** |
| Bullock | **1,569** | **70.20** | 149 | 6.67 | 356 | 15.93 | 44 | 1.97 | 85 | 3.80 | 32 | 1.43 | **2,235** |
| Butler | **1,451** | **65.92** | 171 | 7.77 | 507 | 23.03 | 28 | 1.27 | 32 | 1.45 | 12 | 0.55 | **2,201** |
| Calhoun | **4,855** | **61.42** | 1,506 | 19.05 | 881 | 11.14 | 457 | 5.78 | 163 | 2.06 | 43 | 0.54 | **7,905** |
| Chambers | **1,835** | **65.19** | 285 | 10.12 | 569 | 20.21 | 61 | 2.17 | 53 | 1.88 | 12 | 0.43 | **2,815** |
| Cherokee | **455** | **53.85** | 163 | 19.29 | 147 | 17.40 | 42 | 4.97 | 24 | 2.84 | 14 | 1.66 | **845** |
| Chilton | **856** | **62.25** | 231 | 16.80 | 168 | 12.22 | 63 | 4.58 | 40 | 2.91 | 17 | 1.24 | **1,375** |
| Choctaw | **1,351** | **59.33** | 216 | 9.49 | 440 | 19.32 | 30 | 1.32 | 104 | 4.57 | 136 | 5.97 | **2,277** |
| Clarke | **1,968** | **59.93** | 258 | 7.86 | 932 | 28.38 | 43 | 1.31 | 63 | 1.92 | 20 | 0.61 | **3,284** |
| Clay | **486** | **67.03** | 74 | 10.21 | 94 | 12.97 | 27 | 3.72 | 30 | 4.14 | 14 | 1.93 | **725** |
| Cleburne | **219** | **60.16** | 60 | 16.48 | 43 | 11.81 | 25 | 6.87 | 11 | 3.02 | 6 | 1.65 | **364** |
| Coffee | **1,597** | **63.80** | 433 | 17.30 | 276 | 11.03 | 118 | 4.71 | 55 | 2.20 | 24 | 0.96 | **2,503** |
| Colbert | **2,996** | **63.58** | 783 | 16.62 | 603 | 12.80 | 181 | 3.84 | 98 | 2.08 | 51 | 1.08 | **4,712** |
| Conecuh | **1,214** | **48.85** | 254 | 10.22 | 704 | 28.33 | 52 | 2.09 | 149 | 6.00 | 112 | 4.51 | **2,485** |
| Coosa | **574** | **65.98** | 99 | 11.38 | 156 | 17.93 | 21 | 2.41 | 14 | 1.61 | 6 | 0.69 | **870** |
| Covington | **856** | **66.36** | 184 | 14.26 | 166 | 12.87 | 45 | 3.49 | 30 | 2.33 | 9 | 0.70 | **1,290** |
| Crenshaw | **554** | **62.81** | 70 | 7.94 | 221 | 25.06 | 17 | 1.93 | 14 | 1.59 | 6 | 0.68 | **882** |
| Cullman | **1,262** | **49.86** | 633 | 25.01 | 317 | 12.52 | 173 | 6.84 | 82 | 3.24 | 64 | 2.53 | **2,531** |
| Dale | **1,656** | **68.57** | 401 | 16.60 | 203 | 8.41 | 86 | 3.56 | 50 | 2.07 | 19 | 0.79 | **2,415** |
| Dallas | **6,236** | **66.90** | 897 | 9.62 | 1,070 | 11.48 | 237 | 2.54 | 371 | 3.98 | 510 | 5.47 | **9,321** |
| DeKalb | **1,193** | **53.62** | 571 | 25.66 | 267 | 12.00 | 114 | 5.12 | 54 | 2.43 | 26 | 1.17 | **2,225** |
| Elmore | **3,089** | **64.77** | 737 | 15.45 | 591 | 12.39 | 259 | 5.43 | 66 | 1.38 | 27 | 0.57 | **4,769** |
| Escambia | **1,462** | **68.74** | 218 | 10.25 | 341 | 16.03 | 48 | 2.26 | 43 | 2.02 | 15 | 0.71 | **2,127** |
| Etowah | **3,749** | **62.14** | 1,048 | 17.37 | 808 | 13.39 | 258 | 4.28 | 114 | 1.89 | 56 | 0.93 | **6,033** |
| Fayette | **401** | **51.15** | 98 | 12.50 | 217 | 27.68 | 39 | 4.97 | 24 | 3.06 | 5 | 0.64 | **784** |
| Franklin | **633** | **57.49** | 222 | 20.16 | 155 | 14.08 | 38 | 3.45 | 31 | 2.82 | 22 | 2.00 | **1,101** |
| Geneva | **511** | **62.62** | 107 | 13.11 | 138 | 16.91 | 32 | 3.92 | 21 | 2.57 | 7 | 0.86 | **816** |
| Greene | **1,782** | **72.38** | 191 | 7.76 | 406 | 16.49 | 21 | 0.85 | 53 | 2.15 | 9 | 0.37 | **2,462** |
| Hale | **1,327** | **51.67** | 175 | 6.81 | 950 | 36.99 | 44 | 1.71 | 54 | 2.10 | 18 | 0.70 | **2,568** |
| Henry | **1,020** | **74.83** | 167 | 12.25 | 108 | 7.92 | 22 | 1.61 | 37 | 2.71 | 9 | 0.66 | **1,363** |
| Houston | **3,912** | **69.23** | 928 | 16.42 | 432 | 7.64 | 238 | 4.21 | 104 | 1.84 | 37 | 0.65 | **5,651** |
| Jackson | **1,039** | **55.56** | 403 | 21.55 | 267 | 14.28 | 89 | 4.76 | 49 | 2.62 | 23 | 1.23 | **1,870** |
| Jefferson | **67,575** | **66.44** | 16,149 | 15.88 | 8,729 | 8.58 | 7,311 | 7.19 | 1,529 | 1.50 | 411 | 0.40 | **101,704** |
| Lamar | **324** | **61.48** | 55 | 10.44 | 117 | 22.20 | 11 | 2.09 | 16 | 3.04 | 4 | 0.76 | **527** |
| Lauderdale | **3,568** | **54.83** | 1,547 | 23.77 | 740 | 11.37 | 470 | 7.22 | 136 | 2.09 | 46 | 0.71 | **6,507** |
| Lawrence | **1,355** | **65.59** | 256 | 12.39 | 343 | 16.60 | 68 | 3.29 | 33 | 1.60 | 11 | 0.53 | **2,066** |
| Lee | **7,369** | **58.81** | 2,609 | 20.82 | 1,070 | 8.54 | 1,218 | 9.72 | 222 | 1.77 | 43 | 0.34 | **12,531** |
| Limestone | **4,127** | **60.89** | 1,411 | 20.82 | 701 | 10.34 | 400 | 5.90 | 103 | 1.52 | 36 | 0.53 | **6,778** |
| Lowndes | **2,406** | **69.74%** | 386 | 11.19 | 433 | 12.55 | 54 | 1.57 | 120 | 3.48 | 51 | 1.48 | **3,450** |
| Macon | **3,067** | **67.45** | 481 | 10.58 | 654 | 14.38 | 166 | 3.65 | 121 | 2.66 | 58 | 1.28 | **4,547** |
| Madison | **25,916** | **57.54** | 10,487 | 23.28 | 4,113 | 9.13 | 3,622 | 8.04 | 720 | 1.60 | 181 | 0.40 | **45,039** |
| Marengo | **2,120** | **62.12** | 241 | 7.06 | 882 | 25.84 | 52 | 1.52 | 90 | 2.64 | 28 | 0.82 | **3,413** |
| Marion | **398** | **56.86** | 134 | 19.14 | 104 | 14.86 | 35 | 5.00 | 12 | 1.71 | 17 | 2.43 | **700** |
| Marshall | **1,581** | **52.52** | 777 | 25.81 | 364 | 12.09 | 190 | 6.31 | 82 | 2.72 | 16 | 0.53 | **3,010** |
| Mobile | **26,923** | **66.73** | 6,612 | 16.39 | 4,277 | 10.60 | 1,585 | 3.93 | 744 | 1.84 | 207 | 0.51 | **40,348** |
| Monroe | **1,716** | **69.87** | 205 | 8.35 | 405 | 16.49 | 38 | 1.55 | 70 | 2.85 | 22 | 0.90 | **2,456** |
| Montgomery | **23,465** | **67.94** | 4,502 | 13.04 | 4,178 | 12.10 | 1,484 | 4.30 | 629 | 1.82 | 278 | 0.80 | **34,536** |
| Morgan | **3,954** | **59.56** | 1,250 | 18.83 | 917 | 13.81 | 339 | 5.11 | 133 | 2.00 | 46 | 0.69 | **6,639** |
| Perry | **2,094** | **74.97** | 178 | 6.37 | 296 | 10.60 | 69 | 2.47 | 92 | 3.29 | 64 | 2.29 | **2,793** |
| Pickens | **1,142** | **52.77** | 196 | 9.06 | 752 | 34.75 | 29 | 1.34 | 41 | 1.89 | 4 | 0.18 | **2,164** |
| Pike | **1,786** | **68.32** | 433 | 16.56 | 219 | 8.38 | 105 | 4.02 | 57 | 2.18 | 14 | 0.54 | **2,614** |
| Randolph | **522** | **49.86** | 122 | 11.65 | 326 | 31.14 | 28 | 2.67 | 37 | 3.53 | 12 | 1.15 | **1,047** |
| Russell | **3,221** | **69.75** | 566 | 12.26 | 634 | 13.73 | 111 | 2.40 | 64 | 1.39 | 22 | 0.48 | **4,618** |
| Shelby | **9,543** | **56.87** | 3,795 | 22.62 | 1,415 | 8.43 | 1,672 | 9.96 | 283 | 1.69 | 71 | 0.42 | **16,779** |
| St. Clair | **2,268** | **57.40** | 835 | 21.13 | 457 | 11.57 | 283 | 7.16 | 83 | 2.10 | 25 | 0.63 | **3,951** |
| Sumter | **2,012** | **61.19** | 289 | 8.79 | 706 | 21.47 | 57 | 1.73 | 120 | 3.65 | 104 | 3.16% | **3,288** |
| Talladega | **4,617** | **69.12** | 803 | 12.02 | 917 | 13.73 | 197 | 2.95 | 127 | 1.90 | 19 | 0.28% | **6,680** |
| Tallapoosa | **1,762** | **65.70** | 302 | 11.26 | 438 | 16.33 | 83 | 3.09 | 84 | 3.13 | 13 | 0.48 | **2,682** |
| Tuscaloosa | **11,825** | **60.26** | 3,552 | 18.10 | 2,175 | 11.08 | 1,684 | 8.58 | 303 | 1.54 | 84 | 0.43 | **19,623** |
| Walker | **1,390** | **57.44** | 538 | 22.23 | 260 | 10.74 | 136 | 5.62 | 66 | 2.73 | 30 | 1.24 | **2,420** |
| Washington | **1,109** | **60.17** | 156 | 8.46 | 246 | 13.35 | 37 | 2.01 | 98 | 5.32 | 197 | 10.69 | **1,843** |
| Wilcox | **1,864** | **60.28** | 284 | 9.18 | 654 | 21.15 | 62 | 2.01 | 159 | 5.14 | 69 | 2.23% | **3,092** |
| Winston | **266** | **52.36** | 117 | 23.03 | 75 | 14.76 | 32 | 6.30 | 13 | 2.56 | 5 | 0.98 | **508** |
| Total | 286,065 | 63.28 | 74,755 | 16.54 | 52,750 | 11.67 | 25,847 | 5.72 | 8,976 | 1.99 | 3,700 | 0.82 | 452,093 |

## Analysis

Joe Biden's victory in Alabama was near-guaranteed. Four years earlier, Hillary Clinton carried the state with 77.84% against Bernie Sanders and won every county and congressional district, a feat repeated by Biden. FiveThirtyEight, which made state-by-state predictions prior to the primaries, gave Biden a 92% chance at winning Alabama, a landslide over Sanders' 5% chance. Aggregate polling from FiveThirtyEight right before election day showed Biden up with 40.2%, Sanders at 18.4%, Bloomberg at 15.9%, Warren at 10.9%, Gabbard at 0.5%, and other/undecided 14.1%. 270toWin had Biden ahead as well with 44.5% of support, 23.5 percentage points ahead of Bernie Sanders at 21%.

The week before, Biden swept the South Carolina primary by a 28.88% margin over Sanders, reviving Biden's candidacy after crushing losses in Iowa, New Hampshire, and Nevada. Additionally, the moderate wing of the primary, consisting of former South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg, Senator Amy Klobuchar from Minnesota, representative Beto O'Rourke from Texas's 16th district, and Senator Kamala Harris from California coalesced behind and endorsed Biden while the progressive wing, consisting of Senators Sanders and Warren, remained fractured. Thus, right before Super Tuesday, Biden's support surged.

Biden's best performance, regionally, was in the Black Belt, a historically Democratic region due to high proportions of African Americans.

On the same day, Biden carried all of the other southern Super Tuesday states of Arkansas, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia, and his upset victories in Maine, Massachusetts, and Minnesota catapulted him to frontrunner status. He would go on to lose the state in the general election, but retained his resounding victories among Black voters in the Black Belt.

### Exit polls

| 2020 Alabama Democratic presidential primary by subgroup (Edison exit polling) | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Demographic subgroup | Biden | Sanders | Bloomberg | Warren | % of total vote |
| Total vote | 63.28 | 16.54 | 11.67 | 5.72 | 97 |
| Ideology | | | | | |
| Liberals | 55 | 24 | 11 | 8 | 54 |
| Moderates | 74 | 8 | 10 | 4 | 36 |
| Conservatives | 60 | 5 | 22 | 0 | 9 |
| Party | | | | | |
| Democrats | 67 | 14 | 11 | 6 | 74 |
| Republicans |  |  |  |  | 3 |
| Independents | 51 | 24 | 12 | 7 | 23 |
| Gender | | | | | |
| Men | 61 | 20 | 11 | 5 | 39 |
| Women | 65 | 14 | 12 | 6 | 61 |
| Race/ethnicity | | | | | |
| White | 57 | 22 | 10 | 7 | 46 |
| Black | 72 | 10 | 13 | 4 | 49 |
| Latino |  |  |  |  | 3 |
| Asian |  |  |  |  | 0 |
| Other |  |  |  |  | 2 |
| Age | | | | | |
| 18–29 years old | 30 | 46 | 12 | 10 | 10 |
| 30–44 years old | 54 | 24 | 9 | 8 | 23 |
| 45–64 years old | 67 | 11 | 13 | 7 | 38 |
| 65 and older | 78 | 6 | 12 | 1 | 28 |
| Sexual orientation | | | | | |
| LGBT |  |  |  |  | 7 |
| Heterosexual | 64 | 15 | 12 | 5 | 93 |
| Education | | | | | |
| Never attended college | 66 | 15 | 13 | 4 | 18 |
| Some college education | 64 | 19 | 11 | 3 | 28 |
| Associate degree | 64 | 14 | 14 | 5 | 17 |
| Bachelor's degree | 56 | 20 | 12 | 9 | 19 |
| Postgraduate degree | 67 | 13 | 7 | 10 | 18 |
| Issue regarded as most important | | | | | |
| Racial inequality | 69 | 8 | 12 | 6 | 18 |
| Healthcare | 62 | 15 | 15 | 5 | 47 |
| Climate change | 64 | 26 | 6 | 3 | 11 |
| Income inequality | 53 | 26 | 7 | 10 | 18 |
| Region | | | | | |
| North | 57 | 22 | 13 | 7 | 19 |
| North Central | 59 | 18 | 14 | 6 | 19 |
| Birmingham/South Central | 68 | 14 | 9 | 5 | 44 |
| South | 64 | 15 | 14 | 4 | 18 |
| Area type | | | | | |
| Urban | 73 | 12 | 10 | 3 | 41 |
| Suburban | 66 | 21 | 5 | 5 | 20 |
| Rural | 52 | 19 | 17 | 8 | 38 |

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## InfoBox

2020 Alabama Democratic presidential primary
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| ---  60 Democratic National Convention delegates (52 pledged with 34 on district-level and 18 statewide; 8 unpledged)
The number of pledged delegates won is determined by the popular vote | |
| Candidate **Joe Biden** Bernie Sanders  Home state Delaware Vermont  Delegate count **44** 8  Popular vote **286,065** 74,755  Percentage **63.28%** 16.54%   ---  Candidate Michael Bloomberg Elizabeth Warren  Home state New York Massachusetts  Delegate count 0 0  Popular vote 52,750 25,847  Percentage 11.67% 5.72% | |
| ---  Congressional district results
Joe Biden | |