title: 200 metres straight

abstract: The 200 metres straight is a track and field outdoor event of 200 metres on a straight track. In the 1960s, the straight 200 metres was a separate world record event for men until IAAF deleted this variation from its list of official records. The race was more common during the early to mid 20th century, when panhandle tracks, with 200 metre straightaways, were common. The United States Olympic Trials held the event on a straight until 1932. Interest in the event was revived around 2009. Several street events, primarily in Manchester, Brussels and Boston have constructed special tracks to hold the races, inviting elite sprinters.

text:
# 200 metres straight

The **200 metres straight** is a track and field outdoor event of 200 metres on a straight track.

In the 1960s, the straight 200 metres was a separate world record event for men until IAAF deleted this variation from its list of official records. The race was more common during the early to mid 20th century, when panhandle tracks, with 200 metre straightaways, were common. The United States Olympic Trials held the event on a straight until 1932.

Interest in the event was revived around 2009. Several street events, primarily in Manchester, Brussels and Boston have constructed special tracks to hold the races, inviting elite sprinters.

## Record progression

### Men

| Time | Wind | Athlete | Nationality | Date | Place | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 21.2 |  | Bernard Wefers | United States | 30 May 1896 | New York City, United States |  |
| 21.2 |  | Ralph Craig | United States | 28 May 1910 | Philadelphia, United States |  |
| 21.2 |  | Donald Lippincott | United States | 31 May 1913 | Cambridge, United States |  |
| 21.2 |  | Howard Drew | United States | 28 February 1914 | Claremont, United States |  |
| 21.2 |  | George Parker | United States | 2 October 1914 | Fresno, United States |  |
| 20.8 |  | Charlie Paddock | United States | 26 March 1921 | Berkeley, United States |  |
| 20.8 |  | Charlie Paddock | United States | 6 September 1924 | West Orange, United States |  |
| 20.6 |  | Roland Locke | United States | 1 May 1926 | Lincoln, United States |  |
| 20.6 |  | Ralph Metcalfe | United States | 12 August 1933 | Budapest, Hungary |  |
| 20.3 |  | Jesse Owens | United States | 25 May 1935 | Ann Arbor, United States |  |
| 20.2 |  | Mel Patton | United States | 7 May 1949 | Los Angeles, United States |  |
| 20.1 |  | Dave Sime | United States | 11 May 1956 | Durham, United States |  |
| 20.0 |  | Dave Sime | United States | 9 June 1956 | Sanger, United States |  |
| 20.0 |  | Frank Budd | United States | 12 May 1962 | Villanova, United States |  |
| 20.0 |  | Tommie Smith | United States | 13 March 1965 | San Jose, United States |  |
| 19.5 |  | Tommie Smith | United States | 7 May 1966 | San Jose, United States |  |
| 19.41 | -0.4 m/s | Tyson Gay | United States | 16 May 2010 | Manchester, United Kingdom |  |

### Women

| Time | Wind | Athlete | Nationality | Date | Place | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 22.55 | +0.2 m/s | Allyson Felix | United States | 16 May 2010 | Manchester, United Kingdom |  |
| 21.76 | +0.5 m/s | Shaunae Miller-Uibo | Bahamas | 4 June 2017 | Boston, United States |  |

## All-time top 25

* h = hand timing
* NWI = no wind measurement

### Men

| Rank | Result | Wind (m/s) | Athlete | Nationality | Date | Place | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 19.41 | −0.4 | Tyson Gay | United States | 16 May 2010 | Manchester |  |
| 2 | 19.5 | NWI | Tommie Smith | United States | 7 May 1966 | San Jose |  |
| 3 | 19.84 | +0.6 | Wayde van Niekerk | South Africa | 4 June 2017 | Boston |  |
| 4 | 19.88 | +0.3 | Steven Gardiner | Bahamas | 20 May 2018 | Boston |  |
| 5 | 19.89 | -0.3 | Jerome Blake | Canada | 23 May 2021 | Boston |  |
| 6 | 19.93 | -0.3 | Zharnel Hughes | Great Britain | 23 May 2021 | Boston |  |
| 7 | 20.0 | NWI | Frank Budd | United States | 12 May 1962 | Villanova |  |
| | | Dave Sime | United States | 9 June 1956 | Sanger |  |
| 9 | 20.03 | +0.3 | Alonso Edward | Panama | 20 May 2018 | Boston |  |
| | +0.3 | Jereem Richards | Trinidad and Tobago | 20 May 2018 | Boston |  |
| 11 | 20.09 | -0.2 | Kyle Greaux | Trinidad and Tobago | 16 June 2019 | Boston |  |
| 12 | 20.17 | +0.6 | BeeJay Lee | United States | 4 June 2017 | Boston |  |
| 13 | 20.2 | NWI | Mel Patton | United States | 7 May 1949 | Los Angeles |  |
| 14 | 20.3 | NWI | Jesse Owens | United States | 25 May 1935 | Ann Arbor |  |
| 15 | 20.36 | +0.3 | Josephus Lyles | United States | 20 May 2018 | Boston |  |
| 16 | 20.48 | −0.6 | Solomon Bockarie | Netherlands | 4 September 2016 | Brussels |  |
| 17 | 20.59 | −0.4 | Kim Collins | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 16 May 2010 | Manchester |  |
| | +0.6 | Wallace Spearmon | United States | 4 June 2017 | Boston |  |
| 19 | 20.6 | NWI | Roland Locke | United States | 1 May 1926 | Lincoln |  |
| | | Ralph Metcalfe | United States | 12 August 1933 | Budapest |  |
| 21 | 20.64 | +0.2 | Jaysuma Saidy Ndure | Norway | 20 May 2012 | Manchester |  |
| | -0.2 | Tony McQuay | United States | 16 June 2019 | Boston |  |
| 23 | 20.66 | -0.4 | Paul Hession | Ireland | 16 May 2010 | Manchester |  |
| 24 | 20.67 | +0.2 | James Ellington | Great Britain | 20 May 2012 | Manchester |  |
| 25 | 20.71 | +0.2 | David Neville | United States | 20 May 2012 | Manchester |  |

#### Notes

Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 20.71:

### Women

* Correct as of June 2021.

| Rank | Result | Wind (m/s) | Athlete | Nationality | Date | Place | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 21.76 | +0.5 | Shaunae Miller-Uibo | Bahamas | 4 June 2017 | Boston |  |
| 2 | 22.16 | +0.9 | Anastasia Le-Roy | Jamaica | 20 May 2018 | Boston |  |
| 3 | 22.31 | +0.9 | Joanna Atkins | United States | 20 May 2018 | Boston |  |
| 4 | 22.40 | -0.1 | Kortnei Johnson | United States | 23 May 2021 | Boston |  |
| 5 | 22.43 | +0.9 | Shakima Wimbley | United States | 20 May 2018 | Boston |  |
| 6 | 22.50 | +0.5 | Natasha Hastings | United States | 4 June 2017 | Boston |  |
| 7 | 22.55 | +0.2 | Allyson Felix | United States | 16 May 2010 | Manchester |  |
| 8 | 22.57 | -0.1 | Wadeline Jonathas | United States | 23 May 2021 | Boston |  |
| 9 | 22.62 | -0.1 | Michelle-Lee Ahye | Trinidad and Tobago | 23 May 2021 | Boston |  |
| 10 | 22.71 | −0.3 | Sanya Richards-Ross | United States | 20 May 2012 | Manchester |  |
| 11 | 22.81 | +0.5 | Kimberlyn Duncan | United States | 4 June 2017 | Boston |  |
| 12 | 22.86 | +0.9 | Tynia Gaither | Bahamas | 20 May 2018 | Boston |  |
| 13 | 22.96 | +0.2 | Debbie Ferguson-McKenzie | Bahamas | 16 May 2010 | Manchester |  |
| 14 | 23.10 | +0.5 | Phyllis Francis | United States | 4 June 2017 | Boston |  |
| 15 | 23.24 | +0.1 | Lynna Irby | United States | 16 June 2019 | Boston |  |
| 16 | 23.29 | +0.2 | Emily Freeman | Great Britain | 16 May 2010 | Manchester |  |
| 17 | 23.31 | +0.1 | Felicia Brown | United States | 16 June 2019 | Boston |  |
| 18 | 23.46 | +0.1 | Jessica Beard | United States | 16 June 2019 | Boston |  |
| 19 | 23.53 | −0.3 | Denisa Rosolova | Czech Republic | 20 May 2012 | Manchester |  |
| 20 | 23.56 | −0.3 | Margaret Adeoye | Great Britain | 20 May 2012 | Manchester |  |
| 21 | 23.75 | +0.2 | Lee McConnell | Great Britain | 16 May 2010 | Manchester |  |
| 22 | 23.79 | −0.3 | Nicola Sanders | Great Britain | 20 May 2012 | Manchester |  |
| 23 | 24.20 | +0.6 | Olivia Borlée | Belgium | 4 September 2016 | Brussels |  |
| 24 | 25.06 | +0.6 | Elke Vereecken | Belgium | 4 September 2016 | Brussels |  |
| 25 | 25.25 | +0.6 | Ine Hugaerts | Belgium | 4 September 2016 | Brussels |  |

#### Notes

Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 25.25:


title: 2006 Mnet KM Music Festival

abstract: The 2006 Mnet KM Music Festival (MKMF) was the eighth of the annual music awards in Seoul, South Korea that took place on November 25, 2006, at the Olympic Gymnastics Arena. Leading the nominees were boy bands TVXQ and SG Wannabe, and solo artist Rain with five nominations each. The boy bands secured two wins each by the end of the ceremony, while the latter received only one award out of 5 nominations.

text:
# 2006 Mnet KM Music Festival

The **2006 Mnet KM Music Festival** (MKMF) was the eighth of the annual music awards in Seoul, South Korea that took place on November 25, 2006, at the Olympic Gymnastics Arena.

Leading the nominees were boy bands TVXQ and SG Wannabe, and solo artist Rain with five nominations each. The boy bands secured two wins each by the end of the ceremony, while the latter received only one award out of 5 nominations.

## Background

The award ceremony was held for the eighth consecutive time. Starting this year, however, three grand prizes (or *daesang*) were introduced including Artist of the Year, Song of the Year, and Album of the Year awards. The event took place at the Olympic Gymnastics Arena once again with Shin Dong-yup as a returning host and Kim Ok-bin as his co-host.

## Criteria

The following criteria for winners include:

| Preference by Professional Research Organizations | 30% |
| --- | --- |
| Viewers' Vote via the Internet Mobile | 20% |
| Professional Jury Screening | 20% |
| Album Sales | 10% |
| Integrated Digital Sales Chart | 10% |
| Nominations Selection Committee Score | 10% |
| Total | 100% |

## Winners and nominees

Winners are listed first and highlighted in **boldface.**

| Artist of the Year
(*daesang*) | Song of the Year
(*daesang*) |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
| Album of the Year
(*daesang*) | Best Music Video |
|  | * **Psy – "Entertainer" (Director: Cha Eun-taek)**     + Dynamic Duo – "Go Back" (Director: Min Bang-chaeng)     + Vibe – "The Man The Woman" (Director: Park Myung-jin)     + Rain – "I'm Coming" (Director: Jang Jae-hyeok)     + YB – "Today" (Director: Hwang Bom-seon) |
| New Singer of the Year | New Group of the Year |
|  |  |
| Best Group | Best Dance Performance |
|  |  |
| Best Male Artist | Best Female Artist |
|  |  |
| Best R&B Performance | Best Rock Performance |
|  |  |
| Best Hip Hop Performance | Best Ballad Performance |
|  |  |
| Music Video Acting | Best Music Video Director |
|  | * **Cha Eun-taek – "Entertainer" by Psy & "Hard To Say" by Lee Seung-gi**     + Min Bang-chaeng -"Go Back" By Dynamic Duo     + Park Myung-jin – "The Man The Woman" By Vibe     + Jang Jae-hyeok – "I'm Coming" By Rain     + Hwang Bom-seon – "Today" By YB |
| Best International Artist | Best OST |
|  | * **SeeYa – "Crazy Love Song"** |

Special awards * Digital Popularity Award: **SG Wannabe** – "Partner for Life"
* YEPP Netizen Popularity Award: **Shinhwa** – "Once in a Lifetime"
* Creative Sector
    + Composition Award: **Jo Young-su (조영수)** – "Partner for Life" (by SG Wannabe)
    + Lyrics Award: **Ahn Young-min (안영민)** – "Crazy Love Song" (by SeeYa)
    + Arrangement Award: **Ryu Jae-hyun (류재현)** – "The Man The Woman" (by Vibe)
* Mnet.com Award: **TVXQ** – "'O'-Jung.Ban.Hap."
* Overseas Viewers' Award: **Shinhwa** – "Once In A Lifetime"
* Mnet Plus Mobile Popularity Award: **TVXQ** – "'O'-Jung.Ban.Hap."
* Best Asia Pop Artist: **W-inds**

## Multiple awards

### Artist(s) with multiple wins

The following artist(s) received two or more wins (excluding the special awards):

| Awards | Artist(s) |
| --- | --- |
| 2 | TVXQ |
| | SG Wannabe |

### Artist(s) with multiple nominations

The following artist(s) received more than two nominations:

| Nominations | Artist(s) |
| --- | --- |
| 5 | TVXQ |
| | Rain |
| | SG Wannabe |
| 4 | Baek Ji-young |
| | Buzz |
| | Vibe |
| 3 | The SeeYa |

## Performers and presenters

The following individuals and groups, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers.

### Performers

| Name(s) | Performed | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| DJ Seo Jungeum, Harim ( Trans Fixion ) & Lee Sangwoo ( No Brain ) | "Mr. Brightside", "You're Falling in to Me" | Performance #1: I Love Punk |
| SS501, 스키조(Schizo) | "Unlock" | Performance #2: Break Through |
| Uhm Jung-hwa, CocoBoys and DodoGirls | Uhm Jung-Hwa House Mix, "Boogie Wonderland", "Friday Night" | Performance #3: Return of the Queen |
| Super Junior | "U", "Don't Go Away", "Miracle" | Performance #4: Super Idol |
| Lee Seung-gi and Kim Ok-bin | "Like I Love You", "Don't Cha", "Get Up" | Performance #5: Crazy For U" |
| SG Wannabe, Kim Tae-woo, Kim Jo Han | "My Reflection In My Heart", "Gloomy Letter", "Cause I Love You", "Old Days" | Performance #6: Because I Love |
| Yen (Kinetic Music Group), Baek Ji-young | "I Won't Love" | Performance #7: Living Thing Like A Flower |
| TVXQ | "'O'-Jung.Ban.Hap." | Performance #8: Five Star Story |
| W-inds | "Boogie Woogie 66", "Four Seasons" | Performance #9: Friend, Tomo |
| Brown Eyed Girls, Cho PD, SeeYa, Super Junior, SS501 | "Free Music" | Performance #10: Free Music Kills Musician |
| Westlife | "You Raise Me Up" | Background song: End credits |

### Presenters

| Name(s) | Role |
| --- | --- |
| Shin Dong-yup and Kim Ok-bin | Main hosts of the show |
| Jang Keun-suk and Go Eun-ah | Presenters for the award for New Singer of the Year |
| SS501 | Presenters for the award for New Group of the Year |
| Park Si-yeon, Shin Yi (신이) and Jae Hee | Presenters for the special award for Digital Popularity Award |
| Kim Cheol-min and Kim Mi-Ryeo with Son Jeong-hwan (손정환) | Presenters for the special award for YEPP Netizen Popularity Award |
| Ha Seok-jin and Cha Ye-ryun | Presenters for the award for Best R&B Performance |
| Kang Ho-dong and Kim Ah-joong | Presenters for the award for Best Dance Performance |
| Daniel Henney | Introduced the comeback of "The Queen of K-pop" Uhm Jung-hwa |
| Jung Jae-young | Segment host |
| Oh Hyemi (나헤미) and Noh Hong-chul | Presenters for the special award for Mnet.com Award |
| Denis Kang and Hye-kyung | Presenters for the award for Best Rock Performance |
| Park Si-hoo and So Yoo-jin | Presenters for the award for Best Group |
| Ryu Deok-hwan and Uhm Jung-hwa | Presenters for the award for Music Video Acting |
| Lee So-yeon and Park Kwang-hyun (박광현) | Presenters for the award for Best Music Video |
| Lee Beom-soo | Presenter for the award for Album of the Year |
| Jisun of Loveholic | Introduced the sixth performance |
| Namolla Family | Presenters for the award for Best Hip Hop Performance |
| Ji Hyun-woo and Im Jung-eun | Presenters for the award for Best Ballad Performance |
| Baek Sung-hyun, Ayumi, and Kim Ji-hoon | Presenters for the Overseas Viewers' Award |
| On Joo-wan | Introduced Performance #8 |
| MC Mong and Kim Soo-mi | Presenters for the Mnet Plus Mobile Popularity Award |
| Uhm Ji-won and Yoo Gun | Presenters for the award for Best Female Artist |
| Jang Yoon-ju, 박둘선, and Kyung A-song (송경아) | Presenters for the award for Best Male Artist |
| BoA | Introduced Performance #9 and presenter for the award for Best Asia Pop Artist |
| Kim Jin-pyo | Introduced Mnet KM's Selection Awards Committee – Radio Star (Lee Joon-ik) |
| Lee Dong-wook and Lee Da-hae | Presenters for the award for Song of the Year |
| Kim Jung-eun | Presenter for the award for Artist of the Year |

## InfoBox

| 2006 Mnet KM Music Festival | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Date | November 25, 2006 (2006-11-25) |
| Location | Olympic Gymnastics Arena, Seoul, South Korea |
| Hosted by | Shin Dong-yup and Kim Ok-bin |
| Most awards | TVXQ, SG Wannabe (2) |
| Most nominations | TVXQ, Rain, SG Wannabe (5) |
| Website | Mnet Asian Music Awards |
| Television/radio coverage | |
| Network | **South Korea**: Mnet
**Japan**: Mnet Japan |
| Runtime | around 210 minutes |
|


title: Auckland City Council

abstract: Auckland City Council was the local government authority for Auckland City, New Zealand, from 1871 to 1 November 2010, when it and Auckland's six other city and district councils were amalgamated to form the Auckland Council. It was an elected body representing the 404,658 residents of the city, which included some of the Hauraki Gulf islands, such as Waiheke Island and Great Barrier Island. It was chaired by the Mayor of Auckland City.

text:
# Auckland City Council

**Auckland City Council** was the local government authority for Auckland City, New Zealand, from 1871 to 1 November 2010, when it and Auckland's six other city and district councils were amalgamated to form the Auckland Council. It was an elected body representing the 404,658 residents (2006 census) of the city, which included some of the Hauraki Gulf islands, such as Waiheke Island and Great Barrier Island. It was chaired by the Mayor of Auckland City.

## Elections

The councillors and the mayor of Auckland City were elected every three years. In the 2007 elections, the voter turnout was 39.4%, down from 48% in 2004 and 43% in 2001.

## Functions

Amongst its other functions, the city council administered more than 700 parks and reserves throughout the country (2008 data). It also had, amongst other things, 2214 km of footpaths, though these were often in bad condition (30% being rated as "poor" or "very poor" quality), a matter often discussed in the media, especially after the 2008 elected council chose to reduce the annual upgrade budget by NZ$39 million to $218 million and reduced the budget for new footpaths from NZ$39.5 million to $5.7 million, as part of their campaign to reduce rates increases.

Auckland City, as part of its landscaping programmes, had planted more than 103,000 trees since 2002, with about 16,000 new trees in 2008, a rate that was estimated at four times the trimming and removal rate of public and private trees.

## Finances

In the financial year ending June 2007, Auckland City Council had operating revenue of NZ$552 million, of which 68% came from Council rates, which were NZ$859 per ratepayer on average. It expended NZ$343 million on capital projects, of which 45% went to 'transport' expenses, 19% to 'property and asset management' and 17% to 'open spaces, parks and streetscapes', while 10% were spent on 'stormwater and waste management'. Another 7% were spent on 'arts and culture' and 2% on 'zoo, recreational facilities and community development'. The operating surplus was NZ$40.3 million.

## Controversies

In 2002 then mayor John Banks announced plans to sell 1570 of its 1700 pensioner flats. A coalition called Council Housing Action Group (CHAG) fought the privatisation. Initially Banks sought to sell the flats on the private market, and the coalition protests included disrupting private auctions. While the coalition was unable to prevent the sell-off, they achieved a substantial "compromise" where the flats were not sold off privately but instead sold to Housing New Zealand. All 1542 pensioner flats and 129 residential houses owned by Auckland City Council were sold to Housing NZ for $83million in 2002-3. The "book value" for all was $132million at the time of sale.

## Further reading

* Bassett, Michael (2013). *City of sails: the history of Auckland City Council, 1989–2010*. ISBN 1927262003.
* Bush, Graham (1991). *Advance in order: the Auckland City Council from centenary to reorganisation, 1971-1989*. Auckland City Council. ISBN 0908834039.
* Bush, Graham (1971). *Decently and in order: the Government of the City of Auckland, 1840-1971*. Auckland City Council. ISBN 9780002111676.

## InfoBox

| Auckland City Council | |
| --- | --- |
| The coat of arms of the Auckland City Council | |
|  | |
| Type | |
| Type | City council of Auckland City |
| History | |
| Founded | 1871 |
| Disbanded | 1 November 2010 |
| Succeeded by | Auckland Council |
| Leadership | |
| First Mayor | Philip Philips |
| Last Mayor | John Banks |
| Elections | |
| Last election | 2007 |
| Footnotes | |
| In 1989, amalgamated with:
Eden County
Ellerslie
Grey Lynn
Mount Albert
Mount Eden
Mount Roskill
Newmarket
Onehunga
One Tree Hill
Tamaki City
Waiheke County | |


title: Armchair revolutionary

abstract: Armchair revolutionary is a description, often pejorative, of a speaker or writer who professes radical aims without taking any action to realize them, as if pontificating "from the comfort of the armchair".

text:
# Armchair revolutionary

**Armchair revolutionary** (or **armchair activist** and **armchair socialist**) is a description, often pejorative, of a speaker or writer who professes radical aims without taking any action to realize them, as if pontificating "from the comfort of the armchair".

## Examples

In 1937, Nikolai Berdyaev wrote: "After years of living in Western Europe, Plekhanov became entirely a Western and of a very rationalist sort, fairly cultured, although his culture was not of the highest kind; more of an armchair revolutionary than a practical one. He could be a leader of a Marxist school of thought, but he could not be a leader of a revolution; that was made clear at the time of the revolution".

Columnist Julie Burchill highlighted the relative level of energy exhibited in this lede: "During a long hard winter, nothing warms the cold blood of the Western armchair revolutionary more than the sight of a bunch of attractive dark-skinned people out on the streets having a right old revolution".

Left Communists have frequently been called this by the more Marxist-Leninist wings of Marxist movements. Amadeo Bordiga, a notable Italian left communist, particularly has been ascribed this title due to his frequent critique of the Soviet economic model.

## In culture

*The Guardian* used the cliche in this headline: "We’re a nation of armchair activists—and that's OK, says Bridget Christie".

William Graham titled his travel book *Latin America: Notes from an Armchair Revolutionary*.

In December 2014, *The BMJ* published a study, possibly satirical in intent and described as "lighthearted" in *NHS Choices*, with the purported purpose of determining how political affiliation correlates with literal physical activity levels. The study's stated conclusion was that literal "armchair socialists" as a class do not exist as holders of political views toward either end of the spectrum (left or right) tend to be more physically active than political centrists.


title: Eusebia Palomino Yenes

abstract: Eusebia Palomino Yenes was a Spanish Roman Catholic professed religious and a professed member from the Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco. Palomino worked as a domestic in her adolescence having withdrawn from her education in order to support her parents though she later worked with the Salesian Sisters before she began the process of becoming a religious of that order in the 1920s; she afterwards continued most of the same duties and became known for her devotion to the five wounds of Jesus Christ and to the Via Crucis. Palomino's beatification cause commenced on 15 December 1981 and the late religious became titled as a Servant of God while the ratification of a decree recognizing her life of heroic virtue allowed for Pope John Paul II to name her as Venerable on 17 December 1996; that same pope confirmed a miracle attributed to her intercession and beatified Palomino on 25 April 2004 in Saint Peter's Square.

text:
# Eusebia Palomino Yenes

**Eusebia Palomino Yenes** (15 December 1899 – 10 February 1935) was a Spanish Roman Catholic professed religious and a professed member from the Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco. Palomino worked as a domestic in her adolescence having withdrawn from her education in order to support her parents though she later worked with the Salesian Sisters before she began the process of becoming a religious of that order in the 1920s; she afterwards continued most of the same duties and became known for her devotion to the five wounds of Jesus Christ and to the Via Crucis.

Palomino's beatification cause commenced on 15 December 1981 and the late religious became titled as a Servant of God while the ratification of a decree recognizing her life of heroic virtue allowed for Pope John Paul II to name her as Venerable on 17 December 1996; that same pope confirmed a miracle attributed to her intercession and beatified Palomino on 25 April 2004 in Saint Peter's Square.

## Life

Eusebia Palomino Yenes was born in Cantalpino on 15 December 1899 as the third of four children to Agustin Palomino and Juana Yenes de Villaflores; an older sister was Dolores. Her father worked as a seasonal farmhand and during winter - when there was no work - he would go to towns close to home to beg for food; she would go with him on these trips around 1909 and he would often teach her catechism. Palomino made her First Communion aged eight and dubbed this her first "encounter" with Jesus Christ. In 1906 she entered a girls school but withdrew to support her parents.

Palomino first worked as a domestic servant in a rich household before serving in an orphanage in 1911 alongside her older sister Dolores. Once a week she would go to the Sancti Spiritus school chapel that the Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco managed and she came to know them; the sisters asked if she would work for them and so she served as a maid and a cook the religious. School cleaning and collecting firewood also formed part of this job in addition to getting to know the students who came to admire her and seek her out for her sage advice.

But she fostered a secret desire: to join the religious but she did not ask for she feared she would be refused on the grounds of being a poor woman with a limited education; a visiting superior discussed this with her and told her she would be accepted soon. Her acceptance came when she was admitted as a postulant on 31 January 1921 and she would receive the order's religious habit on 5 May 1922. Palomino began her novitiate on 5 August 1922 in Barcelona and made her initial profession in August 1924 before being transferred to the Salesian house at Valverde del Camino. Her arrival saw the students mock her for her appearance and she remained indifferent to this as she tended to her domestic duties. The students came to see her spiritual learning and her piousness and were captivated with stories of the saints she would tell them as well as stories from the life of Giovanni Bosco. She made her solemn profession in 1930. Priests and religious came to her for advice on numerous occasions. The nun liked the so-called 'Marian servitude' of Louis Grignion de Montfort and spread devotion to the wounds of Jesus Christ as well as the Via Crucis.

In the thirties there was an air of anti-religious sentiment in the nation and she offered herself as a victim to God for the salvation of the state. In August 1932 she contracted an unknown illness that doctors were unable to diagnose; her limbs often would wind up and her mild asthma worsened and made her sufferings more. On 4 October 1934 she had a pale complexion and told her sisters to beg God to save Catalonia and to keep it safe.

Palomino died in 1935 and had predicted not long prior that the anti-religious sentiment would transcend to conflict - this happened not long after as the Spanish Civil War.

## Beatification

The beatification process commenced on 15 December 1981 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued the official "nihil obstat" and titled her as a Servant of God; the diocesan process opened in the Diocese of Huelva and Bishop Rafael González Moralejo oversaw the diocesan process from 12 April 1982 until 15 September 1984. The C.C.S. validated this process in Rome on 20 December 1985 and received the Positio from postulation officials in 1990. Theologians approved the cause on 14 May 1996 as did the C.C.S. on 5 November 1996 which later allowed for Pope John Paul II to confirm her heroic virtue and name her as Venerable on 17 December 1996.

The miracle for beatification was investigated prior to C.C.S. validation on 5 February 1999; a medical board approved it on 22 November 2001 as did theologians on 30 May 2003 and the C.C.S. on 16 December 2003. John Paul II approved this miracle on 20 December 2003 and later beatified Palomino on 25 April 2004 in Saint Peter's Square.

The current postulator for this cause is the Salesian priest Pierluigi Cameroni.

## InfoBox

| Blessed
Eusebia Palomino Yenes
F.M.A. | |
| --- | --- |
| Eusebia Palomino Yenes, c. 1930. | |
| Religious | |
| Born | (1899-12-15)15 December 1899
Cantalpino, Salamanca, Kingdom of Spain |
| Died | 10 February 1935(1935-02-10) (aged 35)
Valverde del Camino, Huelva, Second Spanish Republic |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church |
| Beatified | 25 April 2004, Saint Peter's Square, Vatican City by Pope John Paul II |
| Feast | * 9 February (Salesians) * 10 February |
| Attributes | Religious habit |


abstract: The 1906 Minnesota Secretary of State election was held on 6 November 1906 in order to elect the Secretary of State of Minnesota. Republican nominee Julius A. Schmahl defeated Democratic nominee Peter M. Magnusson and Prohibition nominee Nels C. Hendricks.

text:
# 1906 Minnesota Secretary of State election

The **1906 Minnesota Secretary of State election** was held on 6 November 1906 in order to elect the Secretary of State of Minnesota. Republican nominee Julius A. Schmahl defeated Democratic nominee Peter M. Magnusson and Prohibition nominee Nels C. Hendricks.

## General election

On election day, 6 November 1906, Republican nominee Julius A. Schmahl won the election by a margin of 40,959 votes against his foremost opponent Democratic nominee Peter M. Magnusson, thereby retaining Republican control over the office of Secretary of State. Schmahl was sworn in as the 13th Minnesota Secretary of State on 7 January 1907.

### Results

Minnesota Secretary of State election, 1906
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Julius A. Schmahl** | **142,266** | **54.83** |
|  | Democratic | Peter M. Magnusson | 101,307 | 39.04 |
|  | Prohibition | Nels C. Hendricks | 15,900 | 6.13 |
| Total votes | | | **259,473** | **100.00** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

## InfoBox

1906 Minnesota Secretary of State election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Julius A. Schmahl** Peter M. Magnusson Nels C. Hendricks  Party Republican Democratic Prohibition  Popular vote **142,266** 101,307 15,900  Percentage **54.83%** 39.04% 6.13% | |
| ---  **Secretary of State before election**
Peter E. Hanson
Republican **Elected Secretary of State**
Julius A. Schmahl
Republican | |


title: Enugu North senatorial district

abstract: Enugu North senatorial district in Enugu State is made up of six local government areas of Igbo-Etiti, Igboeze North, Igboeze South, Nsukka, Udenu and Uzo-Uwani.

text:
# Enugu North senatorial district

**Enugu North senatorial district** in Enugu State is made up of six local government areas of Igbo-Etiti, Igboeze North, Igboeze South, Nsukka, Udenu and Uzo-Uwani.

## List of senators representing Enugu North

| Senator | Party | Year | Assembly |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Fidelis Okoro | PDP | 1999-2007 | 4th 5th |
| Ayogu Eze | PDP | 2007 - 2015 | 6th 7th |
| Utazi Chukwuka | PDP | 2015–present | 8th 9th |

1. "Enugu North election dispute: APC, PDP know fate September 3". *The Sun Nigeria*. 2019-08-07. Retrieved 2020-06-07.
2. publisher (2014-08-29). "The Race for Enugu North Senatorial Seat". *Realnews Magazine*. Retrieved 2020-06-07.
3. "APC, PDP in test of will over Enugu North » Politics » Tribune Online". *Tribune Online*. 2019-08-22. Retrieved 2020-06-07.
4. "Enugu North: Senate anti-graft chair in battle with ex-Speaker". *Punch Newspapers*. Retrieved 2020-06-07.


abstract: Even Murderers Take Holidays and Other Mysteries is a collection of mystery stories by British thriller writer Michael Gilbert, first published in 2007 by the British company Robert Hale and unpublished in the United States. It contains 25 previously uncollected stories, as well as an introduction by John Cooper and an appendix. The first twelve stories feature Inspector Petrella, one of the many recurring characters that Gilbert created throughout his long career of writing both novels and short stories. Its next story has Mr. Calder and Mr. Behrens, and there are four stories about Inspector Hazlerigg. Gilbert, who was appointed CBE in 1980, was a founder-member of the British Crime Writers' Association. The Mystery Writers of America named him a Grand Master in 1988 and in 1990 he was presented Bouchercon's Lifetime Achievement Award. The locales are mostly set in London and its environs. A number of the stories, such as "Somebody" and "Old Mr Martin", have an unexpected grimness about them. "Michael was an exceptionally fine storyteller, but he's hard to classify," said one of his American publishers after his death. "He's not a hard-boiled writer in the classic sense, but there is a hard edge to him, a feeling within his work that not all of society is rational, that virtue is not always rewarded."

text:
# Even Murderers Take Holidays and Other Mysteries

***Even Murderers Take Holidays and Other Mysteries*** is a collection of mystery stories by British thriller writer Michael Gilbert, first published in 2007 by the British company Robert Hale and unpublished in the United States. It contains 25 previously uncollected stories, as well as an introduction by John Cooper and an appendix. The first twelve stories feature Inspector Petrella, one of the many recurring characters that Gilbert created throughout his long career of writing both novels and short stories. Its next story has Mr. Calder and Mr. Behrens, and there are four stories about Inspector Hazlerigg. Gilbert, who was appointed CBE in 1980, was a founder-member of the British Crime Writers' Association. The Mystery Writers of America named him a Grand Master in 1988 and in 1990 he was presented Bouchercon's Lifetime Achievement Award. The locales are mostly set in London and its environs. A number of the stories, such as "Somebody" and "Old Mr Martin", have an unexpected grimness about them. "Michael was an exceptionally fine storyteller, but he's hard to classify," said one of his American publishers after his death. "He's not a hard-boiled writer in the classic sense, but there is a hard edge to him, a feeling within his work that not all of society is rational, that virtue is not always rewarded."

## Stories in order

*This article incorporates material from the Citizendium article "Even Murderers Take Holidays and Other Mysteries", which is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License but not under the GFDL.*


abstract: The 1st Aircraft Carrier Squadron was a formation of Royal Navy aircraft carriers assigned to the British Pacific Fleet in November 1943. They were: HMS Formidable, HMS Indomitable, HMS Victorious, HMS Illustrious and HMS Indefatigable. It was disbanded in 1947.

text:
# 1st Aircraft Carrier Squadron (Royal Navy)

The **1st Aircraft Carrier Squadron** was a formation of Royal Navy aircraft carriers assigned to the British Pacific Fleet in November 1943. They were: HMS *Formidable*, HMS *Indomitable*, HMS *Victorious*, HMS *Illustrious* and HMS *Indefatigable*. It was disbanded in 1947.

## Second World War and aftermath

The squadron was formed in November 1943 under the command of Rear-Admiral, Clement Moody, Flag Officer, Aircraft Carriers (British Pacific Fleet), who also held the title of Rear-Admiral, 1st Aircraft Carrier Squadron, at the same time. While serving in the Pacific within the U.S. Fifth Fleet, the squadron was designated "Task Group 57.2". During Operation Iceberg off Okinawa, the squadron received heavy Kamikaze attacks.

*Theseus* served as squadron flagship for the squadron in 1947.

## Korean War

After the war, the "1st Aircraft Carrier Squadron, Far East Fleet" consisting of the carriers *Triumph* and *Unicorn*, with the cruiser *Belfast* as flagship, was en route to Hong Kong from Japan when the Korean War broke out and was sent back to Japan.

## Flag Officer commanding

Included:

|  | Rank | Flag | Name | Term | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Rear-Admiral, 1st Aircraft Carrier Squadron** | | | | | |
| 1 | Rear-Admiral |  | Clement Moody | November 1943 – November 1944 |  |
| 2 | Rear-Admiral |  | Sir Philip L. Vian | November 1944 – 1945 |  |
|

1. Hobbs, David (2012). *The British Pacific Fleet: The Royal Navy's Most Powerful Strike Force*. Barnsley, England: Seaforth Publishing. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-84832-048-2.
2. Naval-history.net, HMS Theseus, accessed October 2011
3. ""The Forgotten Cruise" HMS Triumph and the 13th Carrier Air Group in Korea". *royalnavyresearcharchive.org.uk*. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
4. Watson, Dr. "Royal Navy Organisation in World War 2, 1939–1945". *www.naval-history.net*. Gordon Smith, 19 September 2015. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
5. Hobbs, David (2012). *The British Pacific Fleet: The Royal Navy's Most Powerful Strike Force*. Barnsley, England: Seaforth Publishing. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-84832-048-2.

## InfoBox

| 1st Aircraft Carrier Squadron | |
| --- | --- |
| White Ensign | |
| Active | 1943 – 1947 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Allegiance | British Empire |
| Branch | Royal Navy |
| Type | Squadron |
| Commanders | |
| Notable<br>commanders | Admiral of the Fleet Sir Philip Louis Vian, GCB, KBE, DSO & Two Bars |


abstract: These are the official results of the Women's Long Jump event at the 1982 European Championships in Athens, Greece, held at Olympic Stadium "Spiros Louis" on 6 and 7 September 1982.

text:
# 1982 European Athletics Championships – Women's long jump

These are the official results of the **Women's Long Jump** event at the **1982 European Championships** in Athens, Greece, held at Olympic Stadium "Spiros Louis" on 6 and 7 September 1982.

## Medalists

| **Gold** | Valy Ionescu
*Romania* |
| --- | --- |
| **Silver** | Anișoara Cușmir
*Romania* |
| **Bronze** | Yelena Ivanova
*Soviet Union* |

## Results

### Final

7 September

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Valy Ionescu | Romania | 6.79
(w: -0.3 m/s) |  |
|  | Anișoara Cușmir | Romania | 6.73
(w: 0.2 m/s) |  |
|  | Yelena Ivanova | Soviet Union | 6.73
(w: 1.1 m/s) |  |
| 4 | Heike Daute | East Germany | 6.71
(w: 0.4 m/s) |  |
| 5 | Anna Włodarczyk | Poland | 6.69
(w: 1.1 m/s) |  |
| 6 | Sabine Everts | West Germany | 6.67
(w: 0.3 m/s) |  |
| 7 | Christine Schima | East Germany | 6.64
(w: 0.4 m/s) |  |
| 8 | Karin Antretter | West Germany | 6.55
(w: 0.8 m/s) |  |
| 9 | Zsuzsa Vanyek | Hungary | 6.52
(w: -0.2 m/s) |  |
| 10 | Brigitte Wujak | East Germany | 6.47
(w: -1 m/s) |  |
| 11 | Jarmila Strejčková | Czechoslovakia | 6.43
(w: -0.2 m/s) |  |
| 12 | Irena Dukhnovich | Soviet Union | 6.33
(w: 0.2 m/s) |  |

### Qualification

6 September

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Heike Daute | East Germany | 6.77
(w: 0.9 m/s) | **Q** |
| 2 | Sabine Everts | West Germany | 6.68
(w: 0.5 m/s) | **Q** |
| 3 | Brigitte Wujak | East Germany | 6.67
(w: 0.3 m/s) | **Q** |
| 4 | Anișoara Cușmir | Romania | 6.62
(w: -0.7 m/s) | **Q** |
| 5 | Valy Ionescu | Romania | 6.58
(w: 1.1 m/s) | **q** |
| 6 | Yelena Ivanova | Soviet Union | 6.55
(w: 1.8 m/s) | **q** |
| 7 | Jarmila Strejčková | Czechoslovakia | 6.54
(w: 0.5 m/s) | **q** |
| 8 | Irena Dukhnovich | Soviet Union | 6.52
(w: 0.8 m/s) | **q** |
| 9 | Zsuzsa Vanyek | Hungary | 6.51 **w**
(w: 2.2 m/s) | **q** |
| 10 | Anna Włodarczyk | Poland | 6.47
(w: 0.6 m/s) | **q** |
| 11 | Christine Schima | East Germany | 6.46
(w: -0.6 m/s) | **q** |
| 12 | Karin Antretter | West Germany | 6.45
(w: 0.9 m/s) | **q** |
| 13 | Maroula Lambrou | Greece | 6.38
(w: 1.2 m/s) |  |
| 14 | Svetlana Zorina | Soviet Union | 6.35
(w: -0.8 m/s) |  |
| 15 | Ludmila Jimramovská | Czechoslovakia | 6.33
(w: -0.1 m/s) |  |
| 16 | Gina Ghioroaie | Romania | 6.30
(w: 1.1 m/s) |  |
| 17 | Anne Kyllönen | Finland | 6.28
(w: 0.8 m/s) |  |
| 18 | Eva Murková | Czechoslovakia | 6.25
(w: 0.4 m/s) |  |
| 19 | Dorthe Rasmussen | Denmark | 6.18
(w: -0.9 m/s) |  |
| 20 | Snežana Dančetović | Yugoslavia | 6.16
(w: 0.5 m/s) |  |
| 21 | Lena Wallin | Sweden | 5.75
(w: -0.4 m/s) |  |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 21 athletes from 12 countries participated in the event.

## InfoBox

| Women's long jump
at the European Athletics Championships | |
| --- | --- |


title: 2017–18 FC Ingolstadt 04 season

abstract: The 2017–18 FC Ingolstadt 04 season is the 14th season in the football club's history. The season covers a period from 1 July 2017 to 30 June 2018.

text:
# 2017–18 FC Ingolstadt 04 season

The **2017–18 FC Ingolstadt 04 season** is the 14th season in the football club's history. The season covers a period from 1 July 2017 to 30 June 2018.

## Players

### Squad information

*As of 26 January 2018*

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  1 GK  NOR Ørjan Nyland  2 DF  GER Frederic Ananou  3 DF  GER Tobias Levels  4 DF  BRA Paulo Otávio  5 MF  GER Max Christiansen  6 MF  USA Alfredo Morales  7 FW  GER Patrick Ebert  8 MF  ISR Almog Cohen  9 FW  GER Moritz Hartmann  10 MF  GER Sonny Kittel  11 FW  PAR Darío Lezcano  13 FW  GER Robert Leipertz  14 FW  GER Stefan Lex  16 GK  AUT Marco Knaller | No. Pos. Nation Player  17 MF  GER Maximilian Thalhammer  19 MF  GER Marcel Gaus  20 FW  GER Stefan Kutschke  21 MF  GER Tobias Schröck  22 MF  JPN Takahiro Sekine  23 MF  JPN Ryoma Watanabe  24 GK  CRO Fabijan Buntić  25 DF  GER Hauke Wahl  26 DF  GER Phil Neumann  27 DF  GER Lukas Gerlspeck  28 MF  GER Christian Träsch  30 MF  GER Thomas Pledl  34 DF  CMR Marvin Matip *(captain)* |
| --- | --- |

## Friendly matches

Win   Draw   Loss

| 1 July 2017 | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | **1–0** | **Karlsruher SC** | Ingolstadt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 |  | Summary |  | Stadium: ASP-Trainingsplatz |

| 2 July 2017 | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | **4–0** | **VfB Eichstätt** | Ingolstadt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 |  | Summary |  | Stadium: Audi Sportpark |

| 9 July 2017 | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | **2–1** | **Wehen Wiesbaden** | Karlshuld |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:30 |  | Summary |  | Stadium: Sporttenne Stelzer Stadion |

| 12 July 2017 | **Sparta Prague** | **2–2** | **FC Ingolstadt 04** |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:30 |  | Summary |  |  |

| 18 July 2017 | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | **0–0** | **Bursaspor** |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16:00 |  | Summary |  |  |

| 22 July 2017 | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | **2–0** | **Nantes** | Ingolstadt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 |  | Summary |  | Stadium: Audi Sportpark |

| 31 August 2017 | **Stuttgart** | **0–1** | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | Stuttgart |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:30 |  | Summary |  | Stadium: Robert-Schlienz-Stadion |

| 6 October 2017 | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | **2–0** | **Unterhaching** |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:00 |  | Summary |  |  |

## Competitions

Win   Draw   Loss

### 2. Bundesliga

#### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7 | MSV Duisburg | 34 | 13 | 9 | 12 | 52 | 56 | 4 | 48 |
| 8 | Union Berlin | 34 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 54 | 46 | +8 | 47 |
| 9 | FC Ingolstadt | 34 | 12 | 9 | 13 | 47 | 45 | +2 | 45 |
| 10 | Darmstadt 98 | 34 | 10 | 13 | 11 | 47 | 45 | +2 | 43 |
| 11 | SV Sandhausen | 34 | 11 | 10 | 13 | 35 | 33 | +2 | 43 |

Source: DFB
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Goals scored

#### Results summary

| Overall | | | | | | | | Home | | | | | | Away | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 27 | 20 | +7 | 29 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 12 | 11 | +1 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 15 | 9 | +6 |

Last updated: 23 January 2018.
Source:

#### Results by round

| Matchday | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ground | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | A | H | A | H | A | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | A | H | H | A | H | A | H |
| Result | L | L | L | W | L | W | D | L | W | D | W | W | W | W | D | L | D | W | D | L | W | D | L | L | L | D | W | W | D | D | L | L | W | L |
| Position | 16 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 11 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 9 |

Updated to match(es) played on 23 January 2018. Source:
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss

#### Matches

| 29 July 2017 1 | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | **0–1** | **Union Berlin** | Ingolstadt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:00 |  | Report | Polter  58'
Trimmel  59'
Pedersen  77'
Marc Torrejón  88' | Stadium: Audi Sportpark
Attendance: 10,870
Referee: Sascha Stegemann |

| 4 August 2017 2 | **SV Sandhausen** | **1–0** | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | Sandhausen |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:30 | Vollmann  21'
Daghfous  62'
Wooten  70' | Report | Gaus  38'
Kutschke  43' | Stadium: BWT-Stadion am Hardtwald
Attendance: 5,321
Referee: Christof Günsch |

| 20 August 2017 3 | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | **2–4** | **Jahn Regensburg** | Ingolstadt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:30 | Kittel  52'  90+1'
Matip  57'
Schröck  64'
Paulo Otávio  86' | Report | Mees  27'
Grüttner  55'
George  73'  79'
Sørensen  75'
Nietfeld  90+3' | Stadium: Audi Sportpark
Attendance: 13,060
Referee: Marco Fritz |

| 25 August 2017 4 | **Greuther Fürth** | **0–1** | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | Fürth |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:30 | Langer  49'
Caligiuri  84' | Report | Kittel  55'
Lex  68' | Stadium: Sportpark Ronhof Thomas Sommer
Attendance: 8,655
Referee: Manuel Gräfe |

| 9 September 2017 5 | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | **1–2** | **Erzgebirge Aue** | Ingolstadt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:00 | Lezcano  55'  84'
Gaus  78' | Report | Köpke  15'
Bertram  50'
Rizzuto  55'
Fandrich  73'
Kempe  78' | Stadium: Audi Sportpark
Attendance: 10,176
Referee: Tobias Reichel |

| 16 September 2017 6 | **FC St Pauli** | **0–4** | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | Hamburg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:00 |  | Report | Kittel  6'  45+3'  70'
Wahl  10'
Matip  18'
Träsch  33'
Lezcano  40'
Gaus  43'
Christiansen  87' | Stadium: Millerntor-Stadion
Attendance: 29,380
Referee: Robert Schröder |

| 19 September 2017 7 | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | **2–2** | **MSV Duisburg** | Ingolstadt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:30 | Wahl  42'  52'
Lezcano  74' | Report | Tashchy  17'  54'
Fröde  45+1' | Stadium: Audi Sportpark
Attendance: 8,199
Referee: Frank Willenborg |

| 24 September 2017 8 | **Bochum** | **2–0** | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | Bochum |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:30 | Bastians  24'
Kruse  27'
Stöger  30'
Danilo Soares  53' | Report | Cohen  33'
Lezcano  65'
Lex  76'
Träsch  80' | Stadium: Vonovia Ruhrstadion
Attendance: 11,251
Referee: Daniel Schlager |

| 29 September 2017 9 | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | **3–0** | **Darmstadt 98** | Ingolstadt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:30 | Kutschke  30' (pen.)  34'
Pledl  39'  79'
Kittel  60' | Report | Höhn  37'
Sirigu  44'
Marvin Mehlem  53' | Stadium: Audi Sportpark
Attendance: 8,746
Referee: Timo Gerach |

| 14 October 2017 10 | **Dynamo Dresden** | **2–2** | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | Dresden |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:00 | Mlapa  30' (pen.)  49'
Hartmann  47' | Report | Christiansen  10'
Gaus  13'
Morales  23'  59'
Cohen  63'
Matip  83' | Stadium: DDV-Stadion
Attendance: 28,484
Referee: Sven Jablonski |

| 20 October 2017 11 | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | **3–0** | **Heidenheim** | Ingolstadt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:30 | Wahl  45'
Kittel  70'
Kutschke  79' (pen.) | Report | Titsch-Rivero  84' | Stadium: Audi Sportpark
Attendance: 9,242
Referee: Thorben Siewer |

| 27 October 2017 12 | **Arminia Bielefeld** | **1–3** | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | Bielefeld |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:30 | Behrendt  26'
Börner  29'  90'
Prietl  68'
Ortega  86' | Report | Gaus  7'
Pledl  11'
Kittel  14'  85'
Kutschke  45+1' (pen.)
Matip  84' | Stadium: SchücoArena
Attendance: 15,005
Referee: Timo Gerach |

| 6 November 2017 13 | **Nürnberg** | **1–2** | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | Nuremberg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:30 | Möhwald  36' | Report | Kutschke  14'
Lezcano  81' (pen.) | Stadium: Max-Morlock-Stadion
Attendance: 24,191
Referee: Felix Zwayer |

| 19 November 2017 14 | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | **1–0** | **Fortuna Düsseldorf** | Ingolstadt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:30 | Morales  3'  45'
Gaus  53'
Cohen  71'
Träsch  84'
Kittel  87' | Report | Hoffmann  55'
Hennings  86'
Sobottka  87' | Stadium: Audi Sportpark
Attendance: 11,648
Referee: Daniel Schlager |

| 25 November 2017 15 | **Holstein Kiel** | **0–0** | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | Kiel |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:00 | Kinsombi  28' | Report | Lezcano  66'
Cohen  73' | Stadium: Holstein-Stadion
Attendance: 9,701
Referee: Harm Osmers |

| 4 December 2017 16 | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | **0–2** | **Eintracht Braunschweig** | Ingolstadt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:30 | Cohen  54'
Träsch  83' | Report | Breitkreuz  10'
Reichel  26'
Zuck  32'  76'
Fejzić  52'
Abdullahi  65' | Stadium: Audi Sportpark
Attendance: 8,714
Referee: Robert Kampka |

| 10 December 2017 17 | **Kaiserslautern** | **1–1** | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | Kaiserslautern |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:30 | Andersson  7'
Kessel  11'
Borrello  23'
Müller  68' | Report | Levels  73'
Träsch  78'
Lezcano  79' | Stadium: Fritz-Walter-Stadion
Attendance: 16,074
Referee: Matthias Jöllenbeck |

| 15 December 2017 18 | **Union Berlin** | **1–2** | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | Berlin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:30 | Skrzybski  59' (pen.)
Kroos  60'
Fürstner  63' | Report | Leipertz  73'  74'
Lezcano  77' (pen.)
Levels  90+2' | Stadium: Stadion An der Alten Försterei
Attendance: 20,170
Referee: Martin Petersen |

| 26 February 2018 (2018-02-26) 20 | **Jahn Regensburg** | **3–2** | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | Regensburg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:30 | Wahl  72' (o.g.)
Stolze  78'
Nietfeld  88' | Report | Morales  3'
Lezcano  37' (pen.) | Stadium: Continental Arena
Attendance: 13,010
Referee: Timo Gerach |

| 3 February 2018 (2018-02-03) 21 | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | **3–0** | **Greuther Fürth** | Ingolstadt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:00 | Kittel  33'
Morales  70'
Pledl  88' | Report |  | Stadium: Audi Sportpark
Attendance: 9,658
Referee: Sven Jablonski |

| 11 February 2018 (2018-02-11) 22 | **Erzgebirge Aue** | **0–0** | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | Aue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:30 |  | Report |  | Stadium: Sparkassen-Erzgebirgsstadion
Attendance: 6,850
Referee: Robert Schröder |

| 17 February 2018 (2018-02-17) 23 | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | **0–1** | **FC St. Pauli** | Ingolstadt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:00 |  | Report | Allagui  30' | Stadium: Audi Sportpark
Attendance: 10,071
Referee: Sven Waschitzki |

| 24 February 2018 (2018-02-24) 24 | **MSV Duisburg** | **2–1** | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | Duisburg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:00 | Engin  13'
Tashchy  66' (pen.) | Report | Kutschke  18' | Stadium: MSV-Arena
Attendance: 12,446
Referee: Johann Pfeifer |

| 5 March 2018 (2018-03-05) 25 | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | **0–1** | **VfL Bochum** | Ingolstadt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:30 |  | Report | Tesche  32' | Stadium: Audi Sportpark
Attendance: 7,934
Referee: Tobias Stieler |

| 10 March 2018 26 | **Darmstadt 98** | **1–1** | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | Darmstadt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:00 | Kempe  67' | Report | Leipertz  18' | Stadium: Merck-Stadion am Böllenfalltor
Attendance: 14,000
Referee: Thorben Siewer |

| 18 March 2018 (2018-03-18) 27 | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | **4–2** | **Dynamo Dresden** | Ingolstadt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:30 | Pledl  16'
Schröck  28'
Kittel  90+1'
Cohen  90+4' | Report | Koné  59' (pen.)
Ballas  79' | Stadium: Audi Sportpark
Attendance: 11,388
Referee: Manuel Gräfe |

| 31 March 2018 (2018-03-31) 28 | **Heidenheim** | **1–2** | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | Heidenheim an der Brenz |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:00 | Thiel  80' | Report | Cohen  62'
Leipertz  67' | Stadium: Voith-Arena
Attendance: 11,300
Referee: Dr. Martin Thomsen |

| 8 April 2018 (2018-04-08) 29 | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | **2–2** | **Arminia Bielefeld** | Ingolstadt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:30 | Kutschke  59'
Leipertz  62' | Report | Klos  60'
Voglsammer  77' | Stadium: Audi Sportpark
Attendance: 10,213
Referee: Patrick Alt |

| 15 April 2018 (2018-04-15) 30 | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | **1–1** | **1. FC Nürnberg** | Ingolstadt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:30 | Leipertz  50' | Report | Zreľák  74' | Stadium: Audi-Sportpark
Attendance: 15,200
Referee: Frank Willenborg |

| 22 April 2018 (2018-04-22) 31 | **Fortuna Düsseldorf** | **3–0** | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | Düsseldorf |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:30 | Hennings  7'
Gießelmann  39'
Bormuth  65' | Report |  | Stadium: Esprit Arena
Attendance: 33,925
Referee: Manuel Gräfe |

| 29 April 2018 (2018-04-29) 32 | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | **1–5** | **Holstein Kiel** | Ingolstadt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13:30 | Kittel  43' | Report | Kinsombi  25'
Ducksch  60'
Levels  68' (o.g.)
Schindler  72'
Drexler  74' | Stadium: Audi Sportpark
Attendance: 9,649
Referee: Bibiana Steinhaus |

| 6 May 2018 (2018-05-06) 33 | **Eintracht Braunschweig** | **0–2** | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | Braunschweig |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 |  | Report | Leipertz  56'
Kutschke  67' | Stadium: Eintracht-Stadion
Attendance: 21,400
Referee: Martin Petersen |

| 13 May 2018 34 | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | **1–3** | **Kaiserslautern** | Ingolstadt |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:30 | Gaus  49' | Report | Mwene  40', 42'
Andersson  47' | Stadium: Audi Sportpark
Attendance: 11,721
Referee: Sven Waschitzki |

### DFB-Pokal

| 13 August 2017 First round | **1860 Munich** | **1–2** | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | Munich |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Weber  17'  66'
Andermatt  32'
Killian Jakob  57'
Wein  57'
Mauersberger  72'
Berzel  82' | Report | Lezcano  20'  80'
Kittel  40'
Wahl  60'
Lex  65'
Kutschke  83' (pen.) | Stadium: Grünwalder Stadion
Attendance: 12,500
Referee: Tobias Stieler |

| 24 October 2017 Second round | **Greuther Fürth** | **1–3** | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | Fürth |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:45 | Raum  46'
Ayçiçek  72' | Report | Sekine  27'
Cohen  48' (pen.)  51'
Morales  71'  87'
Gaus  73'
Lex  83' | Stadium: Sportpark Ronhof Thomas Sommer
Attendance: 4,925
Referee: Harm Osmers |

| 19 December 2017 Round of 16 | **SC Paderborn** | **1–0** | **FC Ingolstadt 04** | Paderborn |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18:30 | Zolinski  56'
Boeder  66'
Krauße  90+2' | Report | Pledl  22'
Gaus  39'
Cohen  41'
Kittel  67' | Stadium: Benteler-Arena
Attendance: 14,800
Referee: Felix Zwayer |

## InfoBox

FC Ingolstadt
| 2017–18 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Chairman | Peter Jackwerth |
| Manager | Stefan Leitl |
| Stadium | Audi Sportpark |
| 2. Bundesliga | 9th |
| DFB-Pokal | Round of 16 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| All statistics correct as of 28 January 2018. | |


title: Audrey Rigby

abstract: Audrey Rigby is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level. Rigby made her Football Ferns as a substitute in a 0–0 draw with Australia on 28 November 1983, and finished her international career with 14 caps to her credit. In 1972–73 Rigby was in England, playing for an early incarnation of Nottingham Forest Ladies. She was allotted 32 when the FA announced their legacy numbers scheme to honour the 50th anniversary of England’s inaugural international.

text:
# Audrey Rigby

**Audrey Rigby** (née **Allen**; born 17 September 1957) is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.

Rigby made her Football Ferns as a substitute in a 0–0 draw with Australia on 28 November 1983, and finished her international career with 14 caps to her credit.

In 1972–73 Rigby was in England, playing for an early incarnation of Nottingham Forest Ladies.

She was allotted 32 when the FA announced their legacy numbers scheme to honour the 50th anniversary of England’s inaugural international.

## InfoBox

Audrey Rigby
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Audrey Rigby | | |
| Date of birth | (1957-09-17) 17 September 1957 | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Nottingham Forest L.F.C. |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1983–1987 | New Zealand | 14 | (1) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Armchair Theatre

abstract: Armchair Theatre is a British television drama anthology series of single plays that ran on the ITV network from 1956 to 1974. It was originally produced by ABC Weekend TV. Its successor Thames Television took over from mid-1968. The Canadian-born producer Sydney Newman was in charge of Armchair Theatre between September 1958 and December 1962, during what is generally considered to have been its best era, and produced 152 episodes.

text:
# Armchair Theatre

***Armchair Theatre*** is a British television drama anthology series of single plays that ran on the ITV network from 1956 to 1974. It was originally produced by ABC Weekend TV. Its successor Thames Television took over from mid-1968.

The Canadian-born producer Sydney Newman was in charge of *Armchair Theatre* between September 1958 and December 1962, during what is generally considered to have been its best era, and produced 152 episodes.

## History

### Intent

*Armchair Theatre* filled a Sunday-evening slot on ITV, Britain's only commercial network at the time, in which contemporary dramas were the most common form, though this was not immediately apparent.

The series was launched by Howard Thomas, head of ABC at the time, who argued that "Television drama is not so far removed from television journalism, and the plays which will grip the audience are those that face up to the new issues of the day as well as to the problems as old as civilisation."

The original producer of the series was Dennis Vance, who was in charge for the first two years. In its early years the series drew heavily on North American sources. The first play, *The Outsider*, was a medical drama adapted from the stage play by Dorothy Brandon, which was transmitted live on 8 July 1956 from ABC's Manchester studios in Didsbury. Reportedly Vance had a preference for classical adaptations, though some of these—such as a version of *The Emperor Jones* (30 March 1958) by the American dramatist Eugene O'Neill—were not conservative choices. Vance was succeeded by Sydney Newman, who was ABC's Head of Drama from April 1958.

The perils of live transmission caught up with the production team on 28 November 1958, early in Newman's tenure. Whilst *Underground* was being broadcast, 33-year-old actor Gareth Jones suddenly collapsed and died in between his scenes. Such nightmare situations could be handled more easily when *Armchair Theatre* was able to benefit from prerecording on videotape, after production of the series moved from Manchester to Teddington Studios near London in the summer of 1959.

Migrating from his native Canada to take up his responsibilities with ABC, Sydney Newman objected to the basis of British television drama at the time he arrived:

> "The only legitimate theatre was of the 'anyone for tennis' variety, which, on the whole, presented a condescending view of working-class people. Television dramas were usually adaptations of stage plays, and invariably about upper classes. I said 'Damn the upper classes - they don't even own televisions!'"

He converted *Armchair Theatre* into a vehicle for the generation of "Angry Young Men" that was emerging after John Osborne's play *Look Back in Anger* (1956) had become a great success, although older writers such as Ted Willis were not excluded. Willis' 1958 play *Hot Summer Night* (1 February 1959) was adapted to shift its focus, from an unhappy marriage of parents in the original stage version, onto their daughter's mixed-race relationship with a Jamaican man and the problems they might face if they got married. It was one of the earliest British television plays to have race as a theme.

### Writers and production staff

A script editor, Peter Luke, was the first to become aware of the writers Clive Exton, who contributed eight plays to the series, Alun Owen, who wrote *No Trams to Lime Street* (18 October 1959),) and Harold Pinter, who contributed *A Night Out* (24 April 1960).) Owen's play was the first of a trilogy transmitted during 1959 and 1960, which was completed by *After the Funeral* (3 April 1960) and *Lena, O My Lena* (26 September 1960).

Ratings for the series were regularly about 15 million with the series frequently in the week's top ten; it was broadcast immediately after the variety show *Sunday Night at the London Palladium*. Even so, Pinter once estimated that his stage play *The Caretaker*, enjoying its first run at the time, would have to be performed for thirty years before matching *A Night Out*'s audience of 6,380,000.

The German Jewish dramatist Robert Muller, who had arrived in Britain as a refugee in 1938, contributed seven plays to the series, three being transmitted in 1962 and directed by Philip Saville, including *Afternoon of a Nymph*. Saville worked on more than forty episodes in the series, while Muller's wife in his later years, the actress Billie Whitelaw, had a part in eleven episodes.

Newman's three-and-a-half-season involvement in *Armchair Theatre* concluded at the end of December 1962. He was succeeded by Leonard White, an early producer of *The Avengers*. In *Armchair Theatre*'s last years Lloyd Shirley was the series producer. A holdover from the Newman era, Clive Exton's legal satire *The Trial of Dr Fancy* (13 September 1964), was among the first television plays on ITV to be suppressed. The deliberately absurd and savage play was a conscious break on Exton's part from the social realism of which he had grown tired. Although the Independent Television Authority (ITA), the regulator of the commercial channel at the time, had not objected to the production, Howard Thomas of ABC feared that it would give offence to viewers. The programme controller at ABC, Brian Tesler, explained the later change of heart: "We believe that the climate of opinion concerning black comedy has changed in the past two years. When the play was recorded we felt that many people might fail to appreciate the compassion which underlies the irony in Mr Exton's play."

Another play from this period was not so lucky. *The Blood Knot* (recorded 18 May 1963), a two-hander by the South African writer Athol Fugard with apartheid as its theme, was never scheduled.

### Spin-offs and influence

The programme occasionally spun off ideas into full-blown series such as *Armchair Mystery Theatre*, hosted by Donald Pleasence, which specialised in crime and mystery thrillers. A 1962 adaptation of John Wyndham's short story *Dumb Martian*, scripted by Clive Exton, was a deliberate showcase for the spin-off science fiction anthology *Out of This World*. Two 1967 episodes became series. One of these was developed into the sitcom *Never Mind the Quality, Feel the Width*, while the other, *A Magnum for Schneider*, became the pilot for the spy series *Callan*.

After the 1968 ITV franchise changes and ABC's merger into Thames, the programme continued until 1974. Hugely popular at its peak, with audiences occasionally touching twenty million, *Armchair Theatre* had an important influence on later programmes such as the BBC's *The Wednesday Play* (1964–70), a series initiated by Sydney Newman after he had moved to the BBC.

Overall, 426 plays were made and broadcast under the *Armchair Theatre* banner between 1956 and 1974. As with much early British television, not all of the plays from the original ABC series survive in the archives, owing either to live plays not being recorded or to recordings being destroyed. Two later Thames series used the *Armchair...* prefix: *Armchair Cinema*, effectively a series of TV movies, and *Armchair Thriller* (1978–80), which used a serial format.

*Armchair Theatre* was satirised on the BBC Radio comedy series *Round the Horne* as *Armpit Theatre*.

## Home media

A DVD boxset featuring eight colour episodes from 1970 to 1973 was released by Network DVD in January 2010. It contains the following episodes:

* *Say Goodnight to Your Grandma*
* *Office Party*
* *Brown Skin Gal, Stay Home and Mind Bay-Bee*
* *Detective Waiting*
* *Will Amelia Quint Continue Writing 'A Gnome Called Shorthouse'?*
* *The Folk Singer*
* *A Bit of a Lift*
* *Red Riding Hood*

Volume 2, with another eight colour episodes, appeared in 2012:

* *Wednesday's Child*
* *Competition*
* *The Left Overs*
* *High Summer*
* *The Creditors* (modernised version of the play by Strindberg)
* *The Death of Glory*
* *The Square of Three*
* *According to the Rules*

Volume 3 contains episodes ranging from 1957 to 1967:

* *Now Let Him Go*
* *The Criminals*
* *A Night Out*
* *Lena, O My Lena*
* *The Man Out There*
* *The Omega Mystery*
* *Tune on the Old Tax Fiddle*
* *Afternoon of a Nymph*
* *The Snag*
* *Living Image*
* *Poor Cherry*
* *Old Man’s Fancy*

Volume 4 contains:

Network subsequently released further episodes under the *Armchair Theatre Archive* label.

Volume 1:

* *Nothing to Pay* (1962)
* *The Cherry on the Top* (1964)
* *Light the Blue Touch Paper* (1966)
* *Edward the Confessor* (1969)

Volume 2:

* *Worm in the Bud* (1959)
* *The Invasion* (1963)
* *The Chocolate Tree* (1963)
* *What's Wrong With Humpty Dumpty?* (1967)

Volume 3:

* *The Bird, the Bear, and the Actress* (1959)
* *The Fishing Match* (1962)
* *The Man Who Came to Die* (1965)
* *Dead Silence* (1966)

Volume 4:

* *The Thought of Tomorrow* (1959)
* *Toff and Fingers* (1960)
* *Late Summer* (1963)
* *The Gong Show* (1965)

*Armchair Cinema*, which included the pilot of the police series *The Sweeney* (*Regan*) in its run, was released by Network DVD in autumn 2009.

Studiocanal Vintage Classics' blu-ray release of *The Family Way* included *Honeymoon Postponed* (1961) as a bonus feature too.

## InfoBox

| *Armchair Theatre* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Starring | Harry H. Corbett
Paul Whitsun-Jones
Billie Whitelaw
Neil McCallum
Madge Ryan
Ronald Lewis
Ann Lynn
Paul Curran
Donald Morley
Donald Houston
Peter Sallis
George Baker
Eddie Byrne |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| No. of episodes | 426 (258 missing) (list of episodes) |
| Production | |
| Production companies |  |
| Original release | |
| Network | ITV |
| Release | 8 July 1956 (1956-07-08)
9 July 1974 (1974-07-09) |
| Related | |
|  | |


title: Austrostipa hemipogon

abstract: Austrostipa hemipogon is a tufted, perennial grass (a member of the family Poaceae. It is native to Australia, and found in Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, and Tasmania. It was first described as Stipa hemipogon by George Bentham in 1878 from a specimen collected in Western Australia by James Drummond and in 1996 was transferred to the genus, Austrostipa, by Surrey Jacobs and Joy Everett.

text:
# Austrostipa hemipogon

***Austrostipa hemipogon*** is a tufted, perennial grass (a member of the family Poaceae. It is native to Australia, and found in Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, and Tasmania.

It was first described as *Stipa hemipogon* by George Bentham in 1878 from a specimen collected in Western Australia by James Drummond and in 1996 was transferred to the genus, *Austrostipa*, by Surrey Jacobs and Joy Everett.

## InfoBox

| *Austrostipa hemipogon* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Pooideae |
| Genus: | *Austrostipa* |
| Species: | ***A. hemipogon*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Austrostipa hemipogon***<br>(Benth.) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Stipa hemipogon* Benth. | |


title: 1921 Muncie Flyers season

abstract: The 1921 Muncie Flyers season was their second and final season in the young American Professional Football Association (APFA). The team failed to improve on their prior season's record against league opponents of 0–1, losing two games. They tied for eighteenth place in the league. The team folded after the season, finishing an overall 0–3 in league play.

text:
# 1921 Muncie Flyers season

The **1921 Muncie Flyers season** was their second and final season in the young American Professional Football Association (APFA). The team failed to improve on their prior season's record against league opponents of 0–1, losing two games. They tied for eighteenth place in the league. The team folded after the season, finishing an overall 0–3 in league play.

## Schedule

| Week | Date | Opponent | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | October 2 | *at Elwood American Legion* | **W** 74–0 |
| 1 | October 9 | at Evansville Crimson Giants | **L** 0–14 |
| 2 | October 16 | Cincinnati Celts | **L** 0–14 |

* Game in *italics* is against a non-NFL team.

## Standings

| APFA standings | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | W | L | T | PCT | PF | PA | STK |
| Chicago Staleys | 9 | 1 | 1 | .900 | 128 | 53 | T1 |
| Buffalo All-Americans | 9 | 1 | 2 | .900 | 211 | 29 | L1 |
| Akron Pros | 8 | 3 | 1 | .727 | 148 | 31 | W1 |
| Canton Bulldogs | 5 | 2 | 3 | .714 | 106 | 55 | W1 |
| Rock Island Independents | 4 | 2 | 1 | .667 | 65 | 30 | L1 |
| Evansville Crimson Giants | 3 | 2 | 0 | .600 | 89 | 46 | W1 |
| Green Bay Packers | 3 | 2 | 1 | .600 | 70 | 55 | L1 |
| Dayton Triangles | 4 | 4 | 1 | .500 | 96 | 67 | L1 |
| Chicago Cardinals | 3 | 3 | 2 | .500 | 54 | 53 | T1 |
| Rochester Jeffersons | 2 | 3 | 0 | .400 | 85 | 76 | W2 |
| Cleveland Indians | 3 | 5 | 0 | .375 | 95 | 58 | L1 |
| Washington Senators | 1 | 2 | 0 | .334 | 21 | 43 | L1 |
| Cincinnati Celts | 1 | 3 | 0 | .250 | 14 | 117 | L2 |
| Hammond Pros | 1 | 3 | 1 | .250 | 17 | 45 | L2 |
| Minneapolis Marines | 1 | 3 | 0 | .250 | 37 | 41 | L1 |
| Detroit Tigers | 1 | 5 | 1 | .167 | 19 | 109 | L5 |
| Columbus Panhandles | 1 | 8 | 0 | .111 | 47 | 222 | W1 |
| Tonawanda Kardex | 0 | 1 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 45 | L1 |
| Muncie Flyers | 0 | 2 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 28 | L2 |
| Louisville Brecks | 0 | 2 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 27 | L2 |
| New York Brickley Giants | 0 | 2 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 72 | L2 |

**Note:** Tie games were not officially counted in the standings until 1972.

## InfoBox

| 1921 Muncie Flyers season | |
| --- | --- |
| Head coach | Cooney Checkaye |
| Home field | Walnut Street Stadium |
| Results | |
| Record | 1–2 Overall<br>0–2 APFA |
| League place | T-18th in APFA |
|


title: Arthur Lamb

abstract: Arthur Lamb was an English cricketer. Lamb's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Cheltenham, Gloucestershire. He made two first-class appearances for Gloucestershire. The first of these came against Yorkshire in the 1895 County Championship. His second appearance was against Lancashire in the 1896 County Championship. Lamb had little success in either match, scoring 24 runs and taking no wickets. He died at Cliftonville, Kent on 26 July 1908.

text:
# Arthur Lamb

**Arthur Lamb** (17 December 1868  26 July 1908) was an English cricketer. Lamb's batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born at Cheltenham, Gloucestershire.

He made two first-class appearances for Gloucestershire. The first of these came against Yorkshire in the 1895 County Championship. His second appearance was against Lancashire in the 1896 County Championship. Lamb had little success in either match, scoring 24 runs and taking no wickets.

He died at Cliftonville, Kent on 26 July 1908.

## InfoBox

Arthur Lamb
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Arthur Lamb |
| Born | (1868-12-17)17 December 1868
Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England |
| Died | 26 July 1908(1908-07-26) (aged 39)
Cliftonville, Kent, England |
| Batting | Unknown |
| Bowling | Unknown |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1957 | Lancashire |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class  Matches 2  Runs scored 24  Batting average 6.00  100s/50s /  Top score 10  Balls bowled 20  Wickets   Bowling average   5 wickets in innings   10 wickets in match   Best bowling   Catches/stumpings / | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 12 October 2011 | |


abstract: The 2009 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes was a horse race held at Ascot Racecourse on Saturday 25 July 2009. It was the 59th King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes. The winner was the Ballymacoll Stud's Conduit, a four-year-old chestnut colt trained at Newmarket, Suffolk by Michael Stoute and ridden by Ryan Moore. Conduit's victory was the first for his jockey and the fourth for Stoute after Shergar (1981), Opera House (1993) and Golan (2002). He was the first King George winner to officially race for Ballymacoll Stud although Troy, Ela-Mana-Mou and Golan had won in the same colours.

text:
# 2009 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes

The **2009 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes** was a horse race held at Ascot Racecourse on Saturday 25 July 2009. It was the 59th King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes.

The winner was the Ballymacoll Stud's Conduit, a four-year-old chestnut colt trained at Newmarket, Suffolk by Michael Stoute and ridden by Ryan Moore. Conduit's victory was the first for his jockey and the fourth for Stoute after Shergar (1981), Opera House (1993) and Golan (2002). He was the first King George winner to officially race for Ballymacoll Stud although Troy, Ela-Mana-Mou and Golan had won in the same colours.

## The contenders

The race attracted nine runners with Michael Stoute and Aidan O'Brien each fielding three runners. The Stoute team consisted of Conduit, the winner of the St Leger Stakes and Breeders' Cup Turf in 2008, Tartan Bearer (runner-up in the 2008 Epsom Derby) and the Coronation Cup winner Ask. Conduit and Tartan Bearer were both owned and bred by the Irish Ballymacoll Stud and had shared a paddock as foals before Conduit was removed for his own safety after being "bullied" by his companion. The O'Brien contenders were the Irish Derby winner Frozen Fire, the Chester Vase winner Golden Sword and Rockhampton who was running as a pacemaker. The other runners were the 2008 Epsom Oaks winner Look Here, the John Gosden-trained Awaary and the 66/1 outsider Scintillo. There were no challengers from continental Europe. Conduit was made the 13/8 favourite ahead of Tartan Bearer (7/2) and Golden Sword (9/2).

## The race

Rockhampton set the pace as expected from Frozen Fire and Golden Sword, with Conduit towards the rear of the field in the early stages. Golden Sword took the lead on the turn into the straight but the three Stoute runners immediately moved up to challenge. Tartan Bearer gained a slight advantage a furlong from the finish but was quickly overtaken by, Conduit racing on the outside. In the closing stages Conduit drifted to the right, hampering Tartan Bearer before winning by one and three-quarter lengths. Tartan Bearer beat Ask by a head for second place to complete a 1–2–3 for the Stoute stable. The racecourse stewards conducted an inquiry into the interference caused by the winner to the runner-up, but allowed the result to stand.

## Race details

* **Sponsor:** Betfair
* **Purse:** £984,700; **First prize:** £567,700
* **Surface:** Turf
* **Going:** Good
* **Distance:** 12 furlongs
* **Number of runners:** 9
* **Winner's time:** 2:28.73

## Full result

| **Pos.** | **Marg.** | **Horse (bred)** | **Age** | **Jockey** | **Trainer (Country)** | **Odds** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1** |  | Conduit (IRE) | 4 | Ryan Moore | Michael Stoute (GB) | 13/8 fav |
| **2** |  | Tartan Bearer (IRE) | 4 | Mick Kinane | Michael Stoute (GB) | 7/2 |
| **3** | *hd* | Ask (GB) | 6 | Olivier Peslier | Michael Stoute (GB) | 9/1 |
| **4** |  | Alwaary (USA) | 3 | Richard Hills | John Gosden (GB) | 12/1 |
| **5** | *4* | Golden Sword (GB) | 3 | Johnny Murtagh | Aidan O'Brien (IRE) | 9/2 |
| **6** |  | Look Here (GB) | 4 | Seb Sanders | Ralph Beckett (GB) | 7/1 |
| **7** | *2* | Frozen Fire (GER) | 4 | Seamie Heffernan | Aidan O'Brien (IRE) | 20/1 |
| **8** | *8* | Rockhampton (IRE) | 3 | Colm O'Donoghue | Aidan O'Brien (IRE) | 125/1 |
| **9** | *87* | Scintillo (GB) | 4 | Richard Hughes | Richard Hannon, Sr. (GB) | 66/1 |

* Abbreviations: **nse** = nose; **nk** = neck; **shd** = head; **hd** = head

## Winner's details

Further details of the winner, Conduit

* **Sex:** Colt
* **Foaled:** 23 March 2005
* **Country:** Ireland
* **Sire:** Dalakhani; **Dam:** Well Head (Sadler's Wells)
* **Owner:** Ballymacoll Stud
* **Breeder:** Ballymacoll Stud

## InfoBox

59th King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes
| King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes | |
| --- | --- |
| **Conduit****Tartan Bearer****Ask** | |
| Location | Ascot Racecourse |
| Date | 25 July 2009 |
| Winning horse | **Conduit** (IRE) |
| Jockey | Ryan Moore |
| Trainer | Michael Stoute (GB) |
| Owner | Ballymacoll Stud |
|  | |


title: Frank Christian (politician)

abstract: Frank Claus Christian was a Social Credit party member of the House of Commons of Canada. Born in Vancouver, British Columbia, he was a lawyer by career. He was first elected at the Okanagan Boundary riding in the 1957 general election. As he completed his only term, the 23rd Canadian Parliament, Christian stated that he would not seek re-election in the 1958 election due to the need to spend six or seven months a year from his family while in Parliament. Christian served for four years in municipal politics as a councillor and alderman of Penticton, British Columbia.

text:
# Frank Christian (politician)

**Frank Claus Christian** (28 April 1911  26 July 1988) was a Social Credit party member of the House of Commons of Canada. Born in Vancouver, British Columbia, he was a lawyer by career.

He was first elected at the Okanagan Boundary riding in the 1957 general election. As he completed his only term, the 23rd Canadian Parliament, Christian stated that he would not seek re-election in the 1958 election due to the need to spend six or seven months a year from his family while in Parliament.

Christian served for four years in municipal politics as a councillor and alderman of Penticton, British Columbia.

## InfoBox

| Frank Christian | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament
for Okanagan Boundary | |
| **In office**
June 1957  February 1958 | |
| Preceded by | Owen Lewis Jones |
| Succeeded by | David Vaughan Pugh |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Frank Claus Christian
(1911-04-28)28 April 1911
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada |
| Died | 26 July 1988(1988-07-26) (aged 77)
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada |
| Political party | Social Credit |
| Spouse(s) | Vera Grace Bedlow
m. 5 October 1936 |
| Profession | lawyer |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Audrey Reid (actress)

abstract: Audrey Reid is a Jamaican film actress and a mother of three children. She is best known for appearing in Dancehall Queen as Marcia and BUPS as Vennette. Audrey has starred in various different Jamaican films such as Third World Cop (1999), Almost Heaven, Obeah Wedding, Higglers, Some Like It Hot, Boy Blue, Irie Neighbour, Con Man, Scandal, Strength of a Woman, It's A Dancehall Ting, and Wicked Bitches.

text:
# Audrey Reid (actress)

**Audrey Reid** (born 16 January 1970) is a Jamaican film actress and a mother of three children. She is best known for appearing in *Dancehall Queen* as Marcia and *BUPS* as Vennette. Audrey has starred in various different Jamaican films such as *Third World Cop* (1999), *Almost Heaven*, *Obeah Wedding*, *Higglers*, *Some Like It Hot*, *Boy Blue*, *Irie Neighbour*, *Con Man*, *Scandal*, *Strength of a Woman*, *It's A Dancehall Ting*, and *Wicked Bitches*.

## InfoBox

| Audrey Reid | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1970-09-20) 20 September 1970<br>East Kingston, Jamaica |
| Occupation(s) | Actress, Producer |
| Years active | 1997- Present |


title: Auguścin

abstract: Auguścin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyrzysk, within Piła County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Wyrzysk, 41 km (25 mi) east of Piła, and 92 km (57 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.

text:
# Auguścin

**Auguścin** \[auˈɡuɕt͡ɕin\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wyrzysk, within Piła County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Wyrzysk, 41 km (25 mi) east of Piła, and 92 km (57 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.

## InfoBox

| Auguścin | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Auguścin | |
| Coordinates: 53°11′N 17°20′E / 53.183°N 17.333°E / 53.183; 17.333 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Piła |
| Gmina | Wyrzysk |


title: Armchair cricket

abstract: Armchair cricket is a card game that is inspired by the bat and ball sport cricket. It is played by either two or four people. Depending on the version of the game being played, a game can last a few minutes to several hours. It was produced commercially in England but is no longer made.

text:
# Armchair cricket

**Armchair cricket** is a card game that is inspired by the bat and ball sport cricket. It is played by either two or four people. Depending on the version of the game being played, a game can last a few minutes to several hours. It was produced commercially in England but is no longer made (although unused sets are still available for sale by private and specialist traders).

## The cards

The game is not played with a standard deck of playing cards. Two identical decks of 55 cards, comprising five suits of 11, are used instead (the 110 cards together are referred to as a pack). The suits are named after important pieces of cricketing equipment – bats, balls, stumps, gloves and pads – and numbered simply 1 to 11. The cards numbered 1 are called ‘dollies’ (cricketing slang for an easy catch) and those numbered 11 are called ‘beauts’ (referring to excellent deliveries or shots).

## Basic gameplay

In the two player game, both players hold six cards, unseen by their opponent (one player may hold seven or eight cards as a way of evening up the odds where there is a wide difference in ability). One player will be ‘bowling’ and the other ‘batting’. The bowler plays a card – corresponding to bowling a delivery – and the batsman responds by playing a card – corresponding to playing a shot. Depending on the cards, the outcome may be runs for the batsman or a wicket to the bowler (or, of course, a dot ball).

## Different versions

There are a number of versions of the game, which allow for games of varying length and intensity to be played.

### Quicket

This is a fast, simple version, which might be thought of as an equivalent to French cricket. Only four of the five suits are used, and once the pack has been exhausted an innings is over (since there are 88 cards in this pack and a delivery requires a card to be played by both players, the maximum length of a Quicket innings is 44 balls). The standard way to play this version is for the innings to end immediately if a wicket falls.

### Limited overs

Just as in cricket, with one innings per team, innings ending with the fall of ten wickets or after the allotted overs have been bowled. When a pack is exhausted, the cards that have been played (the discard pile) are turned face down, shuffled and reused.

### Full cricket

Each team has two innings, with scores aggregated to determine the victor. Instead of the match length being determined by counting overs, it is done by counting how often packs are exhausted – players can think of a pack as representing half an hour of play. So, for instance, playing a five-day Test match involves 30 ‘hours’ of play, and so the pack needs to be exhausted 60 times.

## Rules

When the batsman is faced with a delivery, he or she will be out by playing a card that is different in suit and lower in value. To score runs he or she needs to play a card that is in the same suit and higher in value. (Anything else is a dot ball.) The number of runs is determined by the difference in value. Roughly, if the batsman's card exceeds the bowler's by 1, 2 or 3, one run is scored; if by 4 or 5, two runs; if by 6, three runs; if by 7, 8, 9, four runs; if by 10, six runs. (So the only way to score a six is to play a beaut on a dolly.) There are some complications if other rules are being played, especially the two-card shot.

The manufacturer says that with this basic rule, a game can be played but the scores will be unrealistically low (compared to real cricket). There are a number of rules, which are best introduced gradually, which make the game more and more realistic (and require more sophisticated thinking from the players).

The most important are the no-ball rule, the extras, lower-order batsmen and the two-card shot.

### No-ball rule

Playing the basic rule only soon reveals that bowling is too easy (or batting is too difficult). The no-ball rule redresses this by reducing the number of cards that the bowler is allowed to use. Every over there is a no-ball suit, determined by the suit used by the bowler in the last delivery of the previous over. If a bowler plays a card in the no-ball suit then the batsman automatically gets a run, and is entitled to play any card without penalty. The bowler has to bowl an extra delivery. In fact, armchair cricket played simply with the no-ball rule is a challenging game and reasonable simulation of cricket already.

### The extras

These are more restrictions on the bowler. If the bowler bowls a card equal in value to the last card played then a wide is called, runs added to the batsman and the ball has to be bowled again. If, instead, the bowler's card exceeds the last card played by one, then byes are called (the number of byes or wides depends on the value of the bowler's card). The other extra from real cricket, the leg bye, is a feature of the two card shot.

### Lower-order batsmen

To simulate the fact that in real cricket some batsmen are worse than others, there are restrictions on the cards the batsman is allowed to use when the lower order batsmen are in play. Specifically, there are no extra restrictions on the first five batsmen, then the next three are not allowed to use dollies to defend a higher card in the same suit, and the last three batsmen cannot use dollies or twos to defend higher cards. There is no similar way of simulating different bowlers’ abilities.

### The two-card shot

This is a relatively complicated procedure, whereby the batsman plays two cards in response to the bowler's delivery, and forces the bowler to play another card, called the fielding card. With the two-card shot rule in place, armchair cricket can simulate several more features of the real game, including run outs, overthrows, out obstructing the field, out hit the ball twice and scrambled singles (called suicide singles).

## Four player games

There are some differences in the four player game, where players play in pairs. The major differences are that for the batting side, each player holds seven cards not six, and represents one of the batsmen for the duration of that batsman's innings, whereas the two players on the bowling side always alternate overs. So in the course of one over a bowler may well bowl to both his or her opponents.

## Keeping score

Because of the game's attempt to simulate real cricket so closely, players tend to keep score in much the same way as real cricket scorers do, performing the so-called ball by ball analysis onto a specially prepared scoring pad. In this way, individual batsmen's and bowler's performances can be given (e.g. scoring rate, number of runs conceded etc.). However, this is not vital for determining the result of the game. The bare minimum is to know how many balls have been bowled in the over, how far the game has progressed (in terms of overs or packs), the team's score, and which individual batsman is facing any particular delivery (if players are playing the lower-order batsmen rule). In the Quicket version, all that's needed is to keep track of the team's score, and (as suggested in the game's documentation) players can use the unused suit to display the score.

## Skill and luck

Although there is an element of luck in a game where you pick up cards face down from a shuffled deck, armchair cricket is a game of skill, and it is interesting to consider to what extent real cricketing knowledge and experience is useful in playing the game. Perhaps experience in how to pace an innings, especially in the limited overs version, is a relevant skill. The right time to make a declaration in the two innings version may be another example.

## Realism

Bearing in mind the complicated nature of real cricket, in its technical details, armchair cricket does a remarkable job of simulating the game. There are many details which can be ignored by the players without affecting the game, or instead savoured by cricket fans who enjoy these details. For example, the precise values of the cards played allow players to distinguish between dot balls that are (i) defensive shots where the bat struck the ball, (ii) ‘leaves’ where the batsman deliberately does not strike the ball, and (iii) instances where the ball has ‘beaten the bat’ without taking a wicket. Whichever of these three possibilities is the case makes no substantial difference to the game, but the detail is there nevertheless for those who wish to know. Similarly, when a wicket falls there is a procedure for determining how the batsman was out (deciding between bowled, LBW, caught out etc.), but ultimately, the nature of the dismissal is irrelevant to the outcome of the game.

## Factors that are not simulated

There are, of course, some aspects of the real game of cricket which are not simulated in armchair cricket, which players may like to think about how to incorporate into their house rules.

### Weather

Rain does not stop play in armchair cricket, nor will umpires offer the batting team bad light.

### Pitch conditions

Perhaps the most serious missing aspect is there is no simulation of pitch conditions. The rule book describes the act of looking at your cards at the start of the game after winning the toss as 'inspecting the pitch’, but unless you get to see your opponent's hand as well, this is not that realistic. The most serious drawback is that in a long two innings game, where traditionally the team batting last suffers on a deteriorating pitch, there is no real reason why in armchair cricket the fourth innings is any harder for the batting team than the previous three. Perhaps you could adapt the lower-order batsmen rule to make it harder in the latter stages of a game?

### Bowler styles

In real cricket, the bowler styles are varied and important, but there is no appreciable difference in the card game between a fast bowler, a wristy leg-spinner or a swing-and-seam merchant. (There is a very minor differentiation, which is that when a bowler takes a wicket that is caught behind, the bowler can decide it was a stumping if the bowler was a spinner.) This all ties up with earlier problems regarding weather and pitch conditions. One can imagine a complicated refinement to the rules where fast bowlers on bouncy pitches in sunny weather have the odds stacked slightly in their favour, or spinners have an advantage when bowling to left-handers in the fifth day of a test, but it would need a lot of playtesting and perhaps would not add much to the game.

### Setting the field

An important role played by the captain of the fielding side in cricket is deciding where each of your teammates should stand - this affects the bowler's behaviour, how easy it is for the batsman to score runs, how risky certain shots are etc. There is no way of simulating this in armchair cricket, except to say that it falls under the general concept of how aggressively the bowler is bowling.

### Fatigue

Similarly to how the pitch does not deteriorate in armchair cricket, bowlers do not get tired. Nothing stops the bowling team using the same two bowlers for the entire duration of a Test match. When to deploy one's bowlers is a crucial part of the captain's role in real cricket, but is irrelevant in armchair cricket.


title: Austrostipa

abstract:
Austrostipa is a primarily Australian genus of plants in the grass family, commonly called speargrass. The genus includes species formerly included in the genus Stipa. All known species are native to Australia, most of them found nowhere else. One species (A. variabilis) is, however, found in South Africa as well as in Australia, and two species (A. setacea + A. stipoides) are native to Australia and New Zealand. The group likely originated in Australia approximately 20 million years ago.
  - Species

text:
# Austrostipa

***Austrostipa*** is a primarily Australian genus of plants in the grass family, commonly called **speargrass.**

The genus includes species formerly included in the genus *Stipa.* All known species are native to Australia, most of them found nowhere else. One species *(A. variabilis)* is, however, found in South Africa as well as in Australia, and two species *(A. setacea + A. stipoides)* are native to Australia and New Zealand. The group likely originated in Australia approximately 20 million years ago.

Species

## InfoBox

| Speargrass | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Austrostipa nodosa* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Pooideae |
| Supertribe: | Stipodae |
| Tribe: | Stipeae |
| Genus: | *Austrostipa*
S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett |
|
| Type species | |
| *Austrostipa mollis*
(R.Br.) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett | |


abstract: The women's 200 metres at the 1978 European Athletics Championships was held in Prague, then Czechoslovakia, at Stadion Evžena Rošického on 31 August and 1 September 1978.

text:
# 1978 European Athletics Championships – Women's 200 metres

The **women's 200 metres** at the 1978 European Athletics Championships was held in Prague, then Czechoslovakia, at Stadion Evžena Rošického on 31 August and 1 September 1978.

## Medalists

| **Gold** | Lyudmila Kondratyeva
*Soviet Union* |
| --- | --- |
| **Silver** | Marlies Göhr
*East Germany* |
| **Bronze** | Carla Bodendorf
*East Germany* |

## Results

### Final

1 September Wind: -0.2 m/s

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Lyudmila Kondratyeva | Soviet Union | 22.52 |  |
|  | Marlies Göhr | East Germany | 22.53 |  |
|  | Carla Bodendorf | East Germany | 22.64 |  |
| 4 | Monika Hamann | East Germany | 22.76 |  |
| 5 | Chantal Réga | France | 22.77 |  |
| 6 | Lyudmila Maslakova | Soviet Union | 22.89 |  |
| 7 | Linda Haglund | Sweden | 23.07 |  |
| 8 | Liliyana Ivanova | Bulgaria | 23.23 |  |

### Semi-finals

31 August

#### Semi-final 1

Wind: -0.2 m/s

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Marlies Göhr | East Germany | 22.86 | **Q** |
| 2 | Lyudmila Maslakova | Soviet Union | 22.86 | **Q** |
| 3 | Monika Hamann | East Germany | 22.99 | **Q** |
| 4 | Liliyana Ivanova | Bulgaria | 23.12 | **Q** |
| 5 | Sonia Lannaman | Great Britain | 23.36 |  |
| 6 | Zofia Bielczyk | Poland | 23.41 |  |
| 7 | Raymonde Naigre | France | 23.89 |  |
| 8 | Claudia Steger | West Germany | 24.18 |  |

#### Semi-final 2

Wind: -0.3 m/s

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Lyudmila Kondratyeva | Soviet Union | 22.83 | **Q** |
| 2 | Carla Bodendorf | East Germany | 22.92 | **Q** |
| 3 | Chantal Réga | France | 22.98 | **Q** |
| 4 | Linda Haglund | Sweden | 23.11 | **Q** |
| 5 | Kathy Smallwood | Great Britain | 23.12 |  |
| 6 | Tatyana Prorochenko | Soviet Union | 23.30 |  |
| 7 | Bev Goddard | Great Britain | 23.37 |  |
| 8 | Irén Orosz | Hungary | 23.56 |  |

### Heats

31 August

#### Heat 1

Wind: -0.3 m/s

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Tatyana Prorochenko | Soviet Union | 23.23 | **Q** |
| 2 | Kathy Smallwood | Great Britain | 23.54 | **Q** |
| 3 | Marlies Göhr | East Germany | 23.73 | **Q** |
| 4 | Claudia Steger | West Germany | 23.96 | **Q** |
| 5 | Michelle Walsh | Ireland | 23.99 |  |
| 6 | Radislava Šoborová | Czechoslovakia | 24.55 |  |

#### Heat 2

Wind: 0 m/s

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Lyudmila Kondratyeva | Soviet Union | 23.11 | **Q** |
| 2 | Monika Hamann | East Germany | 23.35 | **Q** |
| 3 | Irén Orosz | Hungary | 23.46 | **Q** |
| 4 | Sonia Lannaman | Great Britain | 23.48 | **Q** |
| 5 | Dagmar Schenten | West Germany | 23.70 |  |
| 6 | Helinä Laihorinne | Finland | 23.84 |  |
| 7 | Tilly Verhoef | Netherlands | 24.12 |  |

#### Heat 3

Wind: 0 m/s

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Chantal Réga | France | 23.26 | **Q** |
| 2 | Linda Haglund | Sweden | 23.38 | **Q** |
| 3 | Zofia Bielczyk | Poland | 23.40 | **Q** |
| 4 | Bev Goddard | Great Britain | 23.54 | **Q** |
| 5 | Marisa Masullo | Italy | 23.62 |  |
| 6 | Silvia Schinzel | Austria | 24.30 |  |

#### Heat 4

Wind: 0.5 m/s

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Lyudmila Maslakova | Soviet Union | 22.92 | **Q** |
| 2 | Liliyana Ivanova | Bulgaria | 22.93 | **Q** |
| 3 | Carla Bodendorf | East Germany | 23.11 | **Q** |
| 4 | Raymonde Naigre | France | 23.56 | **Q** |
| 5 | Jolanta Stalmach | Poland | 23.96 |  |
| 6 | Ellie Henzen | Netherlands | 23.97 |  |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 25 athletes from 15 countries participated in the event.

## InfoBox

| Women's 200 metres
at the European Athletics Championships | |
| --- | --- |


abstract: The women's club throw at the 2014 IPC Athletics European Championships was held at the Swansea University Stadium from 18–23 August.

text:
# 2014 IPC Athletics European Championships – Women's club throw

The **women's club throw at the 2014 IPC Athletics European Championships** was held at the Swansea University Stadium from 18–23 August.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | | Silver | | Bronze | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| F32/51 | Joanna Butterfield (F51)
Great Britain | 17.68 **ER**
1110 pts | Josie Pearson (F51)
Great Britain | 14.02
941 pts | Gemma Prescott (F32)
Great Britain | 20.39
905 pts |