title: Fernando Sena

abstract: Fernando Belen Sena is considered the Father of the Philippine Art Workshop for his tireless efforts in sharing his knowledge and talent with those who wish to learn. An all-around painter, Sena was born in Tondo, Manila and earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree majoring in painting from the University of the East in 1971.

text:
# Fernando Sena

**Fernando Belen Sena** (born March 30, 1948) is considered the Father of the Philippine Art Workshop for his tireless efforts in sharing his knowledge and talent with those who wish to learn. An all-around painter, Sena was born in Tondo, Manila and earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree majoring in painting from the University of the East in 1971.

## Early life

Fernando "Nanding" Sena was born on March 30, 1948, in Tondo, Manila to Arturo Sena, a *plantsador*, whose livelihood was from ironing clothes, and Faustina Belen, a market vendor.

Sena's family was poor and struggled to provide an education to him. He worked part-time as a newspaper peddler from elementary until high school. This stint led him into honing his drawing skills as he copied illustrations from comics and movie ads from unsold papers before returning them to the dealer.

## Education

For his elementary studies, he attended Gregorio del Pilar Elementary School, where his teachers recognized Sena's artistic skills. They asked him to draw historical figures and posted his works at the school library. Sena later entered Arellano High School in Santa Cruz, Manila for a vocational course in commercial arts instead of a college preparatory course. This was a backup plan in case he could not enter college, as he would be employable in the print industry with the completion of the course. He graduated from Arellano in 1965.

Sena continued working as a newspaper peddler to save money. He returned to Arellano to take up a vocational certificate course in painting and later graduated as class valedictorian in 1966. He was able to save up money for at least one semester of college. However his mother was swindled, leaving his family in debt, so he gave the money he saved to his mother instead.

He joined a free workshop of the Children's Museum and Library while he began saving money for college once again. At the end of the workshop, he was given a painting scholarship to the School of Music and Fine Arts of the University of the East, following an interview with the museum's director. He obtained a Bachelor of Fine Arts, Major in Painting in 1971.

## The Teacher

After graduating, Sena volunteered to teach the CMLI art classes for almost a decade. As the number of his students grew, their parents suggested to him that he conduct classes of his own. Sena now conducts free workshops in underprivileged areas such as Tondo, Sapang Palay, Carmona in Cavite, San Bartolome in Malabon, Antipolo, Taytay, and as far away as Tabaco, Albay. He also teaches free workshops to the sick, such as cancer and leukemia patients, to prisoners in jail, and children in orphanages. To this day, organizations invite him to conduct art classes. Sena offers art workshops during the summer at the Philippine Heart Center, U.P. Vargas Museum, and at his own home among other places. Among his former students are Fidel Sarmiento, the incumbent president of the Art Association of the Philippines, whom he taught in 1975 in the CMLI art workshops, and Ronald Ventura whom Sena taught in Malabon. He has also taught in University of the East College of Fine Arts and the University of the Philippines College of Fine Arts.

## The Artist

Fernando Sena divides his time between his two passions, painting and teaching. In 1973, Sena held his first one-man show at the Little Gallery at the Tesoro Building in Makati. Other solo shows followed at the Sining Kamalig, Gallery One, the National Library, the City Gallery, the Manila Hotel, the SM Megamall, and the Shangri-La Galleria. He participated in group shows at the Cultural Center of the Philippines, the Hotel Intercontinental Manila, and the SM Megamall. Sena also sent his paintings to exhibitions in Germany, Belgium, and China.

As an artist, he is a versatile painter. He is adept in using different mediums and is able to shift from one style to another, from being a cubist-pointillist to realist-impressionist. Sena is recognized for his exquisite still lifes such as his trademark pandesal and toys but also tackles a whole range of subjects, such as landscapes, portraits, religious icons, and everyday people.

## Social involvement

To Sena, a painter serves two functions:

* Personal, to showcase one's masterpieces to the people and earn money. In realizing this function, Sena has his home surrounded with paintings of his own and of his children.
* Social, to share his knowledge in art and painting to others. To continue his vocation, Sena established the Kabataan Tondo (formerly Troso) Art Group (KATAG) in 1975 and Art Discovery and Learning Foundation Inc. (ADLFI) in December 2001 which aims to discover and support young emerging artists.

He is currently the president of the ADLFI and a member of multiple art groups such as the Saturday Group, the Wednesday Group, the Art Association of the Philippines, and the Iguhit Alaminos.

## Reception

Other than gaining the reputation of being the "Father of Philippine Art Workshops", Sena was named as one of the "Ten Outstanding Manilans" in 1979 for helping the youth develop their talent in art. He also received the "Outstanding UE College of Fine Arts Alumni" award and the "Most Distinguished UE Alumni" in 1986 and 1989 respectively. He was also awarded a Certificate of Recognition by the "Bow Kami sa 'Yo" segment of ABS-CBN's "Hoy Gising!" on January 27, 1995, and "Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan" in the field of painting by the City of Manila during the Araw ng Maynila in June 1995.

## Personal life

Sena was married to Nancy Canauay with whom he had three children. Sena first met Canauay, a UP College of Arts and Letters professor, at an all-women exhibit he organized at City Gallery in 1985. After two years he proposed to her and got married. Within the same year of their marriage, she became pregnant with a daughter, whom they named Nadine. Nadine died five days after birth. In 1993, Nancy gave birth to Oddin and later to Roald a few years later. Sena's wife was later diagnosed with breast cancer and later confined at the Philippine General Hospital. She died in 1998.

In 1999, he met Ester Tacayon, an elementary schoolteacher from Cotabato. Tacayon served as tutor to Sena's son Roald. In 2001, Sena and Tacayon got married. A year later they had a daughter, whom they named Christine.

## InfoBox

| Fernando B. Sena | |
| --- | --- |
| Sena in 2014 | |
| Born | Fernando Belen Sena
(1948-03-30) March 30, 1948
Tondo, Manila, Philippines |
| Nationality | Filipino |
| Alma mater | University of the East |
| Known for | Painting |


title: 2018 in Canadian soccer

text:
# 2018 in Canadian soccer

**2018 in Canadian soccer**
| 2017 ·  · 2019
Men's Domestic Leagues Div League Season Cup/Playoffs  I   MLS Vancouver Whitecaps FC (*None qualified*)  II   USL Ottawa Fury FC (*None qualified*)  III  L1O Vaughan Azzurri Vaughan Azzurri  PLSQ AS Blainville FC Lanaudière  IV   PDL Calgary Foothills FC Calgary Foothills FC   Women's Domestic Leagues Div League Season Cup/Playoffs  I  NWSL (*No Canadian teams*) (*No Canadian teams*)  II   UWS Calgary Foothills WFC Calgary Foothills WFC  WPSL TSS Rovers (*None qualified*)  III  L1O Durham United FC Woodbridge Strikers  PLSQF Dynamo de Québec (*No competition*)   Men's Domestic Cups Div Name Champion Runner-Up  I Canadian Championship Toronto FC Vancouver Whitecaps FC  II  III  IV Challenge Trophy Surrey BC Tigers Hurricanes Caledon SC   Women's Domestic Cups Div Name Champion Runner-Up  IV Jubilee Trophy Scarborough GS United Surrey United SC |
| --- |

The 2018 season was the 142nd season of competitive soccer in Canada.

## News and events

### 2026 FIFA World Cup

As part of the United 2026 World Cup bid with the United States and Mexico, the Canadian Soccer Association announced on March 15 that the three potential Canadian host cities were Edmonton, Montreal, and Toronto. The 2026 FIFA World Cup was awarded to the United bid on June 13.

### National teams

John Herdman was named as head coach of the men's national team in January, replacing Octavio Zambrano. Mauro Biello was later named assistant coach of the men's national team. Kenneth Heiner-Møller was named as head coach of the women's national team following Herdman's departure.

Women's National Team Assistant Coach Bev Priestman stepped down from her position at the end of August.

### Canadian Premier League

The Canadian Premier League announced that it will kick off in April 2019, with Paul Beirne as its president, David Clanachan as its commissioner, and James Easton as its head of soccer operations.

On March 28, the Canadian Premier League and the Canadian Soccer Association announced the creation of the *Canadian Soccer Business* (CSB); an organization "representing commercial assets and inventory for marquee soccer properties in Canada", including "all corporate partnerships and broadcast rights related to Canada Soccer's core assets including its national teams, along with all rights associated with the CPL".

The Canadian Premier League announced a number of new teams for its inaugural 2019 season, at present including York 9 FC (announced May 10), Cavalry FC (May 17),HFX Wanderers FC (May 25), Valour FC (June 6), FC Edmonton (June 8), Forge FC (July 12), and Pacific FC (July 20).

On November 14, the Canadian Premier League announced that it had acquired the Division 3 League1 Ontario.

### Awards and honours

Women's national team captain Christine Sinclair, was appointed to the Order of Canada on January 24.

Alphonso Davies and Christine Sinclair were named Canadian Player of the Year, while Davies was also named Postmedia Male Athlete of the Year.

## National teams

When available, the home team or the team that is designated as the home team is listed in the left column; the away team is in the right column.

Win   Draw   Loss

### Senior Men

#### 2019–20 CONCACAF Nations League qualifying

| September 9, 2018 CNL Qualifying | **U.S. Virgin Islands** | **0–8** | **Canada** | Bradenton, Florida |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 4:00 pm AST | Labrada  71' |  | Osorio  6' (Millar)
Cavallini  8'  44' (Arfield)
Jonathan David  32' (Hoillet)  37' (Hoillet)
Hoillet  50' (Jonathan David, Larin)
Larin  60' (Davies)  80' (Davies)
de Jong  69' | Stadium: IMG Soccer Complex
Attendance: 150
Referee: Moeth Gaymes |

| October 16, 2018 CNL Qualifying | **Canada** | **5–0** | **Dominica** | Toronto, Canada |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7:00 pm ET | Jonathan David  3'
Hoilett  14'
Cavallini  18' (pen.)
Joseph  47' (o.g.)
Larin  82' | Report |  | Stadium: BMO Field
Attendance: 10,523
Referee: Oscar Macías (Mexico) |

| November 18, 2018 CNL Qualifying | **Saint Kitts and Nevis** | **0–1** | **Canada** | Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9:00 pm AST |  | Report | Hutchinson  44' | Stadium: Warner Park
Attendance: 1,242
Referee: Kevin Morrison (Jamaica) |

#### Friendlies

| March 24, 2018 Friendly | **Canada** | **1–0** | **New Zealand** | Mercia, Spain |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 4:00 pm CET | Ricketts  54' | Report |  | Stadium: Pinatar Arena
Attendance: 75 |

### Senior Women

#### 2018 CONCACAF Women's Championship

| October 5, 2018 Group Stage | **Canada** | **2–0** | **Jamaica** | Edinburg, United States |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7:30 pm CT | Prince  33', 80' | Report |  | Stadium: H-E-B Park
Attendance: 1,379
Referee: Francia González (Mexico) |

| October 8, 2018 Group Stage | **Cuba** | **0–12** | **Canada** | Edinburg, United States |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7:30 pm CT |  | Report | Leon  11', 23', 55', 59'
Huitema  13', 37', 52', 71'
Rose  25'
Quinn  56'
Sinclair  63'
Matheson  72' | Stadium: H-E-B Park
Attendance: 414
Referee: Crystal Sobers (Trinidad and Tobago) |

| October 11, 2018 Group Stage | **Costa Rica** | **1–3** | **Canada** | Edinburg, United States |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9:00 pm CT | G. Villalobos  73' | Report | Beckie  25'
Prince  40'
Sinclair  57' | Stadium: H-E-B Park
Attendance: 330
Referee: Lucila Venegas (Mexico) |

| October 14, 2018 Semifinals | **Panama** | **0–7** | **Canada** | Frisco, United States |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 4:00 pm CT |  | Report | Sinclair  44', 49'
Fleming  47'
Beckie  58'
Quinn  63'
Leon  76', 78' | Stadium: Toyota Stadium
Referee: Odette Hamilton (Jamaica) |

| October 17, 2018 Final | **Canada** | **0–2** | **United States** | Frisco, United States |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7:00 pm CT |  | Report | Lavelle  2'
Morgan  89' | Stadium: Toyota Stadium
Attendance: 6,986
Referee: Lucila Venegas (Mexico) |

Canada finishes in  second place; qualifies for 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup.

#### 2018 Algarve Cup

| February 28, 2018 Group stage | **Canada** | **1–3** | **Sweden** | Lagos, Portugal |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7:00 pm WET | Beckie  46' | Report | Larsson  43'
Rolfö  51'
Blackstenius  87' | Stadium: Estádio Municipal da Bela Vista
Attendance: 100
Referee: Ledya Tafesse (Ethiopia) |

| March 2, 2018 Group stage | **Russia** | **0–1** | **Canada** | Algarve, Portugal |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7:00 pm WET |  | Report | Sinclair  25' (pen.) | Stadium: Estádio Algarve
Attendance: 50
Referee: Sandra Braz Bastos (Portugal) |

| March 5, 2018 Group stage | **South Korea** | **0–3** | **Canada** | Lagos, Portugal |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 3:00 pm WET |  | Report | Sinclair  24', 79'
Fleming  73' | Stadium: Estádio Municipal de Lagos
Referee: María Carvajal (Chile) |

| March 7, 2018 5th place match | **Canada** | **2–0** | **Japan** | Lagos, Portugal |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2:55 pm WET | Beckie  20'
Lawrence  50' | Report |  | Stadium: Estádio Municipal da Bela Vista
Referee: Casey Reibelt (Australia) |

Canada finishes in fifth place.

#### Friendlies

| April 9, 2018 Friendly | **France** | **1–0** | **Canada** | Rennes, France |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9:00 pm CET | Le Sommer  10' (pen) | Report |  | Stadium: Roazhan Park
Attendance: 11,058 |

| June 10, 2018 Friendly | **Canada** | **2–3** | **Germany** | Hamilton, Canada |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2:00 pm ET | Sinclair  59'
Fleming  69' | Report | Huth  1'
Däbritz  70'
Knaak  84' | Stadium: Tim Hortons Field
Attendance: 22,826 |

| September 2, 2018 Friendly | **Canada** | **1–0** | **Brazil** | Ottawa, Canada |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2:00 pm ET | Prince  49' | Report |  | Stadium: TD Place
Attendance: 16,128 |

## Domestic leagues

### Division 1 leagues

#### Major League Soccer

Three Canadian teams (Montreal Impact, Toronto FC, and Vancouver Whitecaps FC) play in this league, which also contains 20 teams from the United States. It is considered a Division 1 men's league in the United States soccer league system.

Overall standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | T | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | New York Red Bulls (S) | 34 | 22 | 7 | 5 | 62 | 33 | +29 | 71 | CONCACAF Champions League |
| 2 | Atlanta United FC (C) | 34 | 21 | 7 | 6 | 70 | 44 | +26 | | 69 |
| 3 | Sporting Kansas City | 34 | 18 | 8 | 8 | 65 | 40 | +25 | | 62 |
| 4 | Seattle Sounders FC | 34 | 18 | 11 | 5 | 52 | 37 | +15 | 59 |  |
| 5 | Los Angeles FC | 34 | 16 | 9 | 9 | 68 | 52 | +16 | | 57 |
| 6 | FC Dallas | 34 | 16 | 9 | 9 | 52 | 44 | +8 | | 57 |
| 7 | New York City FC | 34 | 16 | 10 | 8 | 59 | 45 | +14 | | 56 |
| 8 | Portland Timbers | 34 | 15 | 10 | 9 | 54 | 48 | +6 | | 54 |
| 9 | D.C. United | 34 | 14 | 11 | 9 | 60 | 50 | +10 | | 51 |
| 10 | Columbus Crew | 34 | 14 | 11 | 9 | 43 | 45 | 2 | | 51 |
| 11 | Philadelphia Union | 34 | 15 | 14 | 5 | 49 | 50 | 1 | | 50 |
| 12 | Real Salt Lake | 34 | 14 | 13 | 7 | 55 | 58 | 3 | | 49 |
| 13 | LA Galaxy | 34 | 13 | 12 | 9 | 66 | 64 | +2 | | 48 |
| 14 | Vancouver Whitecaps FC | 34 | 13 | 13 | 8 | 54 | 67 | 13 | | 47 |
| 15 | Montreal Impact | 34 | 14 | 16 | 4 | 47 | 53 | 6 | | 46 |
| 16 | New England Revolution | 34 | 10 | 13 | 11 | 49 | 55 | 6 | | 41 |
| 17 | Houston Dynamo | 34 | 10 | 16 | 8 | 58 | 58 | 0 | 38 | CONCACAF Champions League |
| 18 | Minnesota United FC | 34 | 11 | 20 | 3 | 49 | 71 | 22 | 36 |  |
| 19 | Toronto FC | 34 | 10 | 18 | 6 | 59 | 64 | 5 | 36 | CONCACAF Champions League |
| 20 | Chicago Fire | 34 | 8 | 18 | 8 | 48 | 61 | 13 | 32 |  |
| 21 | Colorado Rapids | 34 | 8 | 19 | 7 | 36 | 63 | 27 | | 31 |
| 22 | Orlando City SC | 34 | 8 | 22 | 4 | 43 | 74 | 31 | | 28 |
| 23 | San Jose Earthquakes | 34 | 4 | 21 | 9 | 49 | 71 | 22 | | 21 |

Source: MLS
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) total wins; 3) total goal differential; 4) total goals scored; 5) disciplinary points; 6) away goals scored; 7) away goal differential; 8) coin toss or drawing of lots
(C) MLS Cup Champion; (S) Supporters' Shield

#### National Women's Soccer League

No Canadian teams play in this league, though eleven players from the Canada women's national soccer team are allocated to its teams by the Canadian Soccer Association. It is considered a Division 1 women's league in the United States soccer league system.

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | North Carolina Courage (C) | 24 | 17 | 6 | 1 | 53 | 17 | +36 | 57 | NWSL Shield |
| 2 | Portland Thorns FC | 24 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 40 | 28 | +12 | 42 | NWSL Playoffs |
| 3 | Seattle Reign FC | 24 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 27 | 19 | +8 | | 41 |
| 4 | Chicago Red Stars | 24 | 9 | 10 | 5 | 38 | 28 | +10 | | 37 |
| 5 | Utah Royals FC | 24 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 22 | 23 | 1 | 35 |  |
| 6 | Houston Dash | 24 | 9 | 5 | 10 | 35 | 39 | 4 | | 32 |
| 7 | Orlando Pride | 24 | 8 | 6 | 10 | 30 | 37 | 7 | | 30 |
| 8 | Washington Spirit | 24 | 2 | 5 | 17 | 12 | 35 | 23 | | 11 |
| 9 | Sky Blue FC | 24 | 1 | 6 | 17 | 21 | 52 | 31 | | 9 |

Source: NWSL
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers
(C) Champions

### Division 2 leagues

#### United Soccer League

Two Canadian teams (Ottawa Fury FC and Toronto FC II) play in this league, which also contains 31 teams from the United States. It is considered a Division 2 men's league in the United States soccer league system.

Eastern Conference

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | FC Cincinnati (X) | 34 | 23 | 8 | 3 | 72 | 34 | +38 | 77 | Conference Playoffs |
| 2 | Louisville City FC (C) | 34 | 19 | 9 | 6 | 71 | 38 | +33 | | 66 |
| 3 | Pittsburgh Riverhounds SC | 34 | 15 | 14 | 5 | 47 | 26 | +21 | | 59 |
| 4 | Charleston Battery | 34 | 14 | 14 | 6 | 47 | 34 | +13 | | 56 |
| 5 | New York Red Bulls II | 34 | 13 | 13 | 8 | 71 | 59 | +12 | | 52 |
| 6 | Bethlehem Steel FC | 34 | 14 | 8 | 12 | 56 | 41 | +15 | | 50 |
| 7 | Indy Eleven | 34 | 13 | 10 | 11 | 45 | 42 | +3 | | 49 |
| 8 | Nashville SC | 34 | 12 | 13 | 9 | 42 | 31 | +11 | | 49 |
| 9 | North Carolina FC | 34 | 13 | 8 | 13 | 60 | 50 | +10 | 47 |  |
| 10 | Ottawa Fury | 34 | 13 | 6 | 15 | 31 | 43 | 12 | | 45 |
| 11 | Charlotte Independence | 34 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 44 | 57 | 13 | | 42 |
| 12 | Tampa Bay Rowdies | 34 | 11 | 8 | 15 | 44 | 44 | 0 | | 41 |
| 13 | Penn FC | 34 | 9 | 10 | 15 | 38 | 47 | 9 | | 37 |
| 14 | Atlanta United 2 | 34 | 7 | 10 | 17 | 37 | 72 | 35 | | 31 |
| 15 | Richmond Kickers | 34 | 6 | 4 | 24 | 30 | 80 | 50 | | 22 |
| 16 | Toronto FC II | 34 | 4 | 6 | 24 | 42 | 77 | 35 | | 18 |

Source: 2018 USL standings
Rules for classification: 1) total wins; 2) total goal differential; 3) total goals scored; 4) points earned against top four Conference finishers; 5) disciplinary points; 6) coin toss or drawing of lots
(C) Champions; (X) Regular Season League Champion

#### United Women's Soccer

One Canadian team (Calgary Foothills WFC) plays in this league, which also contains 21 teams from the United States. It is unofficially considered a Division 2 league in the United States soccer league system.

Western Conference
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | T | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Calgary Foothills WFC | 10 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 22 | 8 | +14 | 23 | 2018 UWS national playoffs |
| 2 | LA Galaxy Orange County | 10 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 28 | 10 | +18 | 22 |  |
| 3 | Santa Clarita Blue Heat | 10 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 19 | 11 | +8 | | 18 |
| 4 | Real Salt Lake | 10 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 21 | 20 | +1 | | 13 |
| 5 | Colorado Pride | 10 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 13 | 31 | 18 | | 5 |
| 6 | SoCal Crush | 10 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 9 | 32 | 23 | | 4 |

Source: UWS standings
Rules for classification: 1) Head-to-head based on total points; 2) Total wins; 3) Goal difference all league games; 4) Goals scored in league games

#### Women's Premier Soccer League

One Canadian team (TSS Rovers FC) plays in this league, which also contains 106 teams from the United States. It is unofficially considered a Division 2 league in the United States soccer league system.

### Division 3 leagues

#### League1 Ontario (Men)

17 teams play in this league, all of which are based in Canada. It is considered a Division 3 men's league in the Canadian soccer league system.

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | FC London | 16 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 49 | 19 | +30 | 38 | League Playoffs |
| 2 | Sigma FC | 16 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 33 | 9 | +24 | | 37 |
| 3 | Oakville Blue Devils | 16 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 41 | 9 | +32 | | 35 |
| 4 | Toronto FC III | 16 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 48 | 25 | +23 | 33 | No playoffs |
| 5 | Vaughan Azzurri (C, X) | 16 | 10 | 1 | 5 | 45 | 23 | +22 | 31 | League Playoffs |
| 6 | Woodbridge Strikers | 16 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 43 | 18 | +25 | | 28 |
| 7 | Alliance United FC | 16 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 34 | 24 | +10 | | 24 |
| 8 | Unionville Milliken SC | 16 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 25 | 21 | +4 | | 23 |
| 9 | Darby FC | 16 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 22 | 27 | 5 | | 21 |
| 10 | Master's Futbol | 16 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 28 | 28 | 0 | 19 |  |
| 11 | Sanjaxx Lions | 16 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 14 | 26 | 12 | | 18 |
| 12 | Toronto Skillz FC | 16 | 4 | 2 | 10 | 25 | 50 | 25 | | 14 |
| 13 | North Mississauga SC | 16 | 3 | 4 | 9 | 15 | 30 | 15 | | 13 |
| 14 | Ottawa South United | 16 | 3 | 4 | 9 | 19 | 50 | 31 | | 13 |
| 15 | Aurora FC | 16 | 3 | 3 | 10 | 20 | 40 | 20 | | 12 |
| 16 | ProStars FC | 16 | 2 | 4 | 10 | 14 | 34 | 20 | | 10 |
| 17 | Windsor TFC | 16 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 13 | 55 | 42 | | 8 |

Updated to match(es) played on September 23, 2018. Source: http://www.league1ontario.com/page/show/2309115-standings
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal differential; 3) head-to-head points; 4) head-to-head goal differential; 5) playoff match
(C) Champion and qualification to 2019 Canadian Championship; (X) L1 Cup winner
Notes: 1. Toronto FC III voluntarily withdrew from league playoffs.

#### League1 Ontario (Women)

13 teams play in this league, all of which are based in Canada. It is considered a Division 3 women's league in the Canadian soccer league system.

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | FC London | 12 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 31 | 9 | +22 | 34 | League Playoffs |
| 2 | Woodbridge Strikers | 12 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 32 | 9 | +23 | | 30 |
| 3 | Vaughan Azzurri | 12 | 8 | 0 | 4 | 31 | 16 | +15 | | 24 |
| 4 | Durham United FA (C) | 12 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 25 | 9 | +16 | | 23 |
| 5 | Oakville Blue Devils | 12 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 40 | 18 | +22 | 22 |  |
| 6 | DeRo United FC | 12 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 12 | +8 | | 21 |
| 7 | Hamilton United | 12 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 22 | 14 | +8 | | 18 |
| 8 | Unionville Milliken SC | 12 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 17 | 12 | +5 | | 18 |
| 9 | North Mississauga SC | 12 | 4 | 0 | 8 | 13 | 39 | 26 | | 12 |
| 10 | West Ottawa SC | 12 | 3 | 1 | 8 | 15 | 28 | 13 | | 10 |
| 11 | Aurora FC | 12 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 21 | 11 | | 8 |
| 12 | Darby FC | 12 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 9 | 38 | 29 | | 4 |
| 13 | Toronto Azzurri Blizzard | 12 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 4 | 44 | 40 | | 0 |

Updated to match(es) played on August 21, 2018. Source: http://www.league1ontario.com/page/show/2309115-standings
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) total wins; 3) head-to-head points; 4) head-to-head goal differential; 5) playoff match
(C) Champions

#### Première Ligue de soccer du Québec (Men)

Eight teams play in this league, all of which are based in Canada. It is considered a Division 3 league in the Canadian soccer league system.

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | AS Blainville (C) | 21 | 16 | 3 | 2 | 42 | 14 | +28 | 51 | 2019 Canadian Championship |
| 2 | CS Mont-Royal Outremont | 21 | 14 | 3 | 4 | 33 | 15 | +18 | 45 |  |
| 3 | FC Gatineau | 21 | 9 | 5 | 7 | 28 | 21 | +7 | | 32 |
| 4 | CS Longueuil | 21 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 20 | 22 | 2 | | 29 |
| 5 | Dynamo de Québec | 21 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 25 | 28 | 3 | | 27 |
| 6 | CS St-Hubert | 21 | 6 | 4 | 11 | 26 | 36 | 10 | | 22 |
| 7 | CS Fabrose | 21 | 3 | 6 | 12 | 19 | 31 | 12 | | 15 |
| 8 | FC Lanaudière | 21 | 2 | 5 | 14 | 12 | 38 | 26 | | 11 |

Source: http://plsq.ca/calendrier-resultats/plsq-masculine
(C) Champions

#### Première Ligue de soccer du Québec (Women)

Five teams play in this league, all of which are based in Canada. It is considered a Division 3 league in the Canadian soccer league system.

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Dynamo de Québec (C) | 12 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 30 | 11 | +19 | 29 |
| 2 | CS Monteuil | 12 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 14 | 23 | 9 | 17 |
| 3 | AS Blainville | 12 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 17 | 16 | +1 | 15 |
| 4 | FC Sélect Rive-Sud | 12 | 4 | 1 | 7 | 11 | 21 | 10 | 13 |
| 5 | Lakers du Lac Saint-Louis | 12 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 19 | 20 | 1 | 11 |

Updated to match(es) played on August 28, 2018. Source: http://www.tsisports.ca/soccer/ligue/l\_classam.aspx
(C) Champions

### Division 4 leagues

#### Premier Development League

Five Canadian teams play in this league, which also contains 69 teams from the United States. It is unofficially considered a Division 4 league in the United States soccer league system.

**Heartland Division** \-  Thunder Bay Chill, WSA Winnipeg

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | T | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Des Moines Menace | 14 | 13 | 0 | 1 | 37 | 6 | +31 | 40 | Advance to the Central Conference Championship |
| 2 | Chicago FC United | 14 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 23 | 20 | +3 | | 23 |
| 3 | Kaw Valley FC | 14 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 21 | 23 | 2 | 20 |  |
| 4 | St. Louis Lions | 14 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 26 | 24 | +2 | | 20 |
| 5 | Thunder Bay Chill | 14 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 21 | 20 | +1 | | 19 |
| 6 | WSA Winnipeg | 14 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 10 | 46 | 36 | | 0 |

Source: Premier Development League
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers

**Northwest Division** \-  Calgary Foothills FC, TSS FC Rovers, Victoria Highlanders

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | L | T | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Calgary Foothills FC | 14 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 30 | 7 | +23 | 35 | Advance to the Western Conference Championship |
| 2 | Seattle Sounders FC U-23 | 14 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 26 | 21 | +5 | 21 |  |
| 3 | Lane United FC | 14 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 28 | 22 | +6 | | 20 |
| 4 | TSS FC Rovers (J) | 14 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 19 | 27 | 8 | | 17 |
| 5 | Victoria Highlanders | 14 | 5 | 9 | 0 | 14 | 25 | 11 | | 15 |
| 6 | Portland Timbers U23 | 14 | 3 | 9 | 2 | 15 | 30 | 15 | | 11 |

Source: Premier Development League
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers
(J) Juan de Fuca Plate

### Non-FIFA leagues

#### Canadian Soccer League

Fifteen teams play in this league, all of which are based in Canada. It is a Non-FIFA league previously sanctioned by the Canadian Soccer Association and is now a member of the Soccer Federation of Canada (SFC).

First Division

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | FC Ukraine United (A, C) | 16 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 60 | 16 | +44 | 38 | Qualification for Playoffs |
| 2 | FC Vorkuta (A, O) | 16 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 55 | 16 | +39 | | 38 |
| 3 | SC Waterloo Region (A) | 16 | 9 | 2 | 5 | 34 | 33 | +1 | | 29 |
| 4 | Scarborough SC (A) | 16 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 34 | 20 | +14 | | 29 |
| 5 | Hamilton City SC (A) | 16 | 8 | 1 | 7 | 41 | 38 | +3 | | 25 |
| 6 | Serbian White Eagles (A) | 16 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 20 | 20 | 0 | | 19 |
| 7 | Real Mississauga SC (A) | 16 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 14 | 42 | 28 | | 11 |
| 8 | Brantford Galaxy (A) | 16 | 3 | 2 | 11 | 9 | 37 | 28 | | 11 |
| 9 | CSC Mississauga | 16 | 1 | 2 | 13 | 9 | 37 | 28 | 5 |  |

Updated to match(es) played on September 27, 2018. Source: http://canadiansoccerleague.ca/2018-csl-first-division-standings/
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
(A) Advance to a further round; (C) Champions; (O) Play-off winners Second Division

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | FC Vorkuta B (A, C, O) | 15 | 12 | 1 | 2 | 71 | 20 | +51 | 37 | Qualification for Playoffs |
| 2 | Halton United (A) | 15 | 10 | 0 | 5 | 48 | 20 | +28 | | 30 |
| 3 | Scarborough SC B (A) | 15 | 8 | 0 | 7 | 48 | 40 | +8 | | 24 |
| 4 | Milton SC (A) | 15 | 7 | 0 | 8 | 37 | 50 | 13 | | 21 |
| 5 | Brantford Galaxy B | 15 | 5 | 1 | 9 | 25 | 32 | 7 | 16 |  |
| 6 | Serbian White Eagles B | 15 | 2 | 0 | 13 | 13 | 80 | 67 | | 6 |

Updated to match(es) played on September 25, 2018. Source: http://canadiansoccerleague.ca/2018-second-division-standings/
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
(A) Advance to a further round; (C) Champions; (O) Play-off winners

## Domestic cups

### Canadian Championship

The **Canadian Championship** is a national cup contested by men's teams in divisions 1 through 3.

### Challenge Trophy

The Challenge Trophy is a national cup contested by men's teams at the division 4 level and below.

### Jubilee Trophy

The **Jubilee Trophy** is a national cup contested by women's teams at the division 4 level and below.

## Canadian clubs in international competition

### 2018 CONCACAF Champions League

| February 20, 2018 Round of 16 | **Colorado Rapids** | **0–2** | **Toronto FC** | Commerce City, United States |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8:00 pm MT |  | Report | Osorio  55'
Giovinco  73' | Stadium: Dick's Sporting Goods Park
Attendance: 2,673
Referee: Kimbell Ward (Saint Kitts and Nevis) |

| February 27, 2018 Round of 16 | **Toronto FC** | **0–0** | **Colorado Rapids** | Toronto, Canada |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8:00 pm ET |  | Report |  | Stadium: BMO Field
Attendance: 23,383
Referee: Luis Enrique Santander (Mexico) |

**Toronto FC** wins 2–0 on aggregate.

| March 7, 2018 Quarterfinals | **Toronto FC** | **2–1** | **UANL** | Toronto, Canada |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8:00 pm ET | Altidore  60'
Osorio  89' | Report | Vargas  52' | Stadium: BMO Field
Attendance: 25,587
Referee: Ricardo Montero (Costa Rica) |

| March 13, 2018 Quarterfinals | **UANL** | **3–2** | **Toronto FC** | San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8:00 pm CT | Vargas  69'
Gignac  84', 90+3' (pen.) | Report | Rafael Carioca  64' (o.g.)
Giovinco  73' | Stadium: Estadio Universitario
Attendance: 30,500
Referee: Héctor Rodríguez (Honduras) |

**Toronto FC** draws 4–4 on aggregate, wins 2–1 on away goals.

| April 3, 2018 Semifinals | **Toronto FC** | **3–1** | **América** | Toronto, Canada |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8:00 pm ET | Giovinco  9' (pen.)
Altidore  44'
Morgan  58' | Report | Ibargüen  21' | Stadium: BMO Field
Attendance: 23,463
Referee: Henry Bejarano (Costa Rica) |

| April 10, 2018 Semifinals | **América** | **1–1** | **Toronto FC** | Mexico City, Mexico |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9:00 pm CT | Uribe  90+2' (pen.) | Report | Osorio  12' | Stadium: Estadio Azteca
Referee: Ravshan Irmatov (Uzbekistan) |

**Toronto FC** wins 4–2 on aggregate.

| April 17, 2018 Finals | **Toronto FC** | **1–2** | **Guadalajara** | Toronto, Canada |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8:15 pm ET | Osorio  19' | Report | Pizarro  2'
Pulido  72' | Stadium: BMO Field
Attendance: 29,925
Referee: Ricardo Montero (Costa Rica) |

**Toronto FC** draws 3–3 on aggregate, draws 2–2 on away goals, loses 4–2 on penalties, and finishes in second place.

1. "History". *canadasoccer.com*. Canadian Soccer Association. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
2. "23 Candidate Host Cities to be Included in United Bid to Host the 2026 FIFA World Cup". *canadasoccer.com*. Canadian Soccer Association. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
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4. "Canada Soccer announces new leadership of Men's National Team Program under John Herdman". *canadasoccer.com*. Canadian Soccer Association. Archived from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
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6. "Canada Soccer confirms departure of Bev Priestman". *canadasoccer.com*. Canadian Soccer Association. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
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9. "David Clanachan named First Commissioner of CPL". *canpl.ca*. Canadian Premier League. 10 January 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
10. "James Easton Named Head of Soccer Operations for the Canadian Premier League". *canpl.ca*. Canadian Premier League. 31 January 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
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14. "HFX Wanderers Football Club Joins Canadian Premier League". *canpl.ca*. Canadian Premier League. 25 May 2018. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
15. "Valour FC Joins Canadian Premier League". *canpl.ca*. Canadian Premier League. 6 June 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
16. "The Supporters Have Rallied: FC Edmonton Welcomed into Canadian Premier League". *canpl.ca*. Canadian Premier League. 8 June 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
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19. "Canadian Premier League acquires Ontario Soccer's League1 Ontario". *canpl.ca*. Canadian Premier League. 14 November 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
20. "Christine Sinclair recognised with Order of Canada". *canadasoccer.com*. Canadian Soccer Association. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
21. "Alphonso Davies honoured with 2018 Canadian Player of the Year award". *canadasoccer.com*. Canadian Soccer Association. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
22. "Christine Sinclair honoured with 14th Canadian Player of the Year award". *canadasoccer.com*. Canadian Soccer Association. Archived from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
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25. Glover, Robin. "L1O Game of the Week: Woodbridge falls to Vaughan in League Cup quarter-final". *Waking The Red*. Retrieved July 16, 2018.


title: Auguste-Hyacinthe Debay

abstract: Auguste-Hyacinthe Debay was a French painter and sculptor.

text:
# Auguste-Hyacinthe Debay

**Auguste-Hyacinthe Debay** (French pronunciation: \[oɡyst jasɛ̃t dəbɛ\]; Nantes 2 April 1804 – 24 March 1865 Paris) was a French painter and sculptor.

## Life and career

Auguste-Hyacinthe Debay was born in Nantes, France on 2 April 1804. His father, Joseph Jan Baptiste de Bay, 1829, was an eminent sculptor who worked in Paris and locally in Nantes. Debay learned sculpting from his father at an early age, but started his career as a historical painter. On August 28, 1817, he was admitted to the Ecole des Beaux-Arts and exhibited his first portraits to The Salon at the age of thirteen. After studying under Gros, he obtained the *Prix de Rome* in 1823. Soon after this he gave up painting for sculpture, which he studied under his father, and in which he was successful. Some of his historical paintings are displayed at the Versailles.

**Attribution:**

Media related to Auguste-Hyacinthe Debay at Wikimedia Commons


title: Eucalyptus exilipes

abstract: Eucalyptus exilipes, commonly known as the fine-leaved ironbark, is a species of medium to tall tree and is endemic to Queensland. It has dark grey or black "ironbark", linear to narrow lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped to shortened spherical fruit. It is similar to E. crebra, differing only in the length of the pedicels.

text:
# Eucalyptus exilipes

***Eucalyptus exilipes***, commonly known as the **fine-leaved ironbark**, is a species of medium to tall tree and is endemic to Queensland. It has dark grey or black "ironbark", linear to narrow lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and cup-shaped to shortened spherical fruit. It is similar to *E. crebra*, differing only in the length of the pedicels.

## Description

*Eucalyptus exilipes* is a tree that typically grows to a height of 35 m (115 ft) and forms a lignotuber. It has rough, dark grey to black ironbark. Young plants and coppice regrowth have petiolate, dull greyish, linear leaves that are 25–90 mm (0.98–3.54 in) long and 2–6 mm (0.079–0.236 in) wide. Adult leaves are linear to narrow lance-shaped, 50–120 mm (2.0–4.7 in) long and 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) wide on a petiole 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven on an unbranched peduncle 5–11 mm (0.20–0.43 in) long, the individual buds on a pedicel 3–8 mm (0.12–0.31 in) long. Mature buds are oval to spindle-shaped, 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long and 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) wide with a conical operculum. Flowering occurs in July and August and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, cup-shaped to shortened spherical capsule 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long and wide with the valves near rim level. This species is very similar to *E. crebra*, differing only slightly in the dimensions of the pedicels.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Eucalyptus exilipes* was first formally described in 1987 by Ian Brooker and Anthony Bean from a specimen they collected in the White Mountains in 1985. The description was published in the journal *Brunonia*. The specific epithet (*exilipes*) is derived from Latin words *exilis* meaning "slender", "thin" or "small" and 'pes' meaning "stem", and refers to the slender pedicels of this species.

## Distribution

The fine-leaved ironbark is only known from a few locations in north Queensland, including the White Mountains, Blackbraes National Park and north of Cooktown.

## Conservation status

*Eucalyptus exilipes* is classified as "least concern" under the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act 1992.

## InfoBox

| Fine-leaved ironbark | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Eucalyptus* |
| Species: | ***E. exilipes*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eucalyptus exilipes***<br>Brooker & A.R.Bean | |
|


abstract: The men's shot put at the 1978 European Athletics Championships was held in Prague, then Czechoslovakia, at Stadion Evžena Rošického on 31 August and 1 September 1978.

text:
# 1978 European Athletics Championships – Men's shot put

The **men's shot put** at the 1978 European Athletics Championships was held in Prague, then Czechoslovakia, at Stadion Evžena Rošického on 31 August and 1 September 1978.

## Medalists

| **Gold** | Udo Beyer
*East Germany* |
| --- | --- |
| **Silver** | Aleksandr Baryshnikov
*Soviet Union* |
| **Bronze** | Wolfgang Schmidt
*East Germany* |

## Results

### Final

1 September

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Udo Beyer | East Germany | 21.08 | **CR** |
|  | Aleksandr Baryshnikov | Soviet Union | 20.68 |  |
|  | Wolfgang Schmidt | East Germany | 20.30 |  |
| 4 | Reijo Ståhlberg | Finland | 20.17 |  |
| 5 | Anatoliy Yarosh | Soviet Union | 20.03 |  |
| 6 | Jaromír Vlk | Czechoslovakia | 19.53 |  |
| 7 | Hreinn Halldórsson | Iceland | 19.34 |  |
| 8 | Jaroslav Brabec | Czechoslovakia | 19.27 |  |
| 9 | Valcho Stoev | Bulgaria | 19.23 |  |
| 10 | Mathias Schmidt | East Germany | 19.21 |  |
|  | Geoff Capes | Great Britain | DQ |  |
|  | Yevgeniy Mironov | Soviet Union | DQ | Doping |

Yevgeniy Mironov initially won the silver medal with 20.87m, but he was disqualified for drug use.
: Geoff Capes was not permitted to start in the final after he was disqualified for "disorderly conduct" for pushing an official during an argument.

### Qualification

31 August

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Reijo Ståhlberg | Finland | 20.25 | **Q** |
| 2 | Udo Beyer | East Germany | 20.03 | **Q** |
| 3 | Anatoliy Yarosh | Soviet Union | 19.80 | **Q** |
| 4 | Jaromír Vlk | Czechoslovakia | 19.76 | **Q** |
| 5 | Aleksandr Baryshnikov | Soviet Union | 19.74 | **Q** |
| 6 | Wolfgang Schmidt | East Germany | 19.72 | **Q** |
| 7 | Hreinn Halldórsson | Iceland | 19.62 | **Q** |
| 8 | Jaroslav Brabec | Czechoslovakia | 19.48 | **Q** |
| 9 | Mathias Schmidt | East Germany | 19.38 | **Q** |
| 10 | Valcho Stoev | Bulgaria | 19.26 | **Q** |
| 11 | Ralf Reichenbach | West Germany | 19.09 |  |
| 12 | Jean-Pierre Egger | Switzerland | 18.67 |  |
| 13 | Miroslav Janoušek | Czechoslovakia | 18.61 |  |
| 14 | Anders Arrhenius | Sweden | 18.48 |  |
| 15 | Vladimir Milić | Yugoslavia | 18.35 |  |
| 16 | Marco Montelatici | Italy | 18.14 |  |
| 17 | Angelo Groppelli | Italy | 18.04 |  |
|  | Yevgeniy Mironov | Soviet Union | DQ | **Q** |
|  | Geoff Capes | Great Britain | DQ | **Q** |

: Yevgeniy Mironov initially reached the final, but he was disqualified for drug use.
: Geoff Capes initially reached the final, but he was disqualified for "disorderly conduct" after pushing an official during an argument.

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 19 athletes from 12 countries participated in the event.

## InfoBox

| Men's shot put
at the European Athletics Championships | |
| --- | --- |


title: Enrique Leff

abstract: Enrique Leff is a Mexican economist, environmental sociologist and environmentalist. He has written 25 books and 180 articles on political ecology, environmental sociology, environmental economics, environmental epistemology and environmental education. He is regarded as one of the key environmental thinkers in Latin America.

text:
# Enrique Leff

**Enrique Leff** (born 1946) is a Mexican economist, environmental sociologist and environmentalist. He has written 25 books and 180 articles on political ecology, environmental sociology, environmental economics, environmental epistemology and environmental education. He is regarded as one of the key environmental thinkers in Latin America.

## Background

After a degree in chemical engineering from UNAM (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) in 1968. Leff graduated with a Doctorat de Troisième Cycle in development economics from the École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris, in 1975.

Leff lectured at UNAM (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) full-time from 1973-1986 before becoming coordinator of the Environmental Training Network for Latin America and the Caribbean (1986-2008) and coordinator of the Mexico City office of the Regional Office of Latin America and the Caribbean of the United Nations Environment Programme (2007-2008).

In 2008 he returned full-time as professor of political ecology and environmental politics at UNAM. He is also senior researcher at the Institute of Social Research (Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales) at the same university.

Leff works in Spanish, Portuguese, English and French. In addition to academic work he is an accomplished opera, Lieder and bolero singer. He has a Masters in Voice from the Manhattan School of Music (1983).

## Scholarly contributions

Leff works in the academic fields of epistemology, environmental economics, environmental sociology, political ecology, and environmental education.

He is best known for arguing that environmental problems result from a crisis of Western civilization's ways of knowing, understanding and transforming the world (Eschenhagen 2012). This masks other legitimate ways of thinking and acting in the world, namely forms of 'eco-development' and environmental rationality. His work is largely theoretical but his major books cite positive examples of the ethnobotanic practices of Prehispanic cultures in Latin America, sustainable agricultural practices in tropical ecosystems, etc.

## Recognition

## Key publications

* Leff E. 2012. Latin American environmental thinking: a heritage of knowledge for sustainability. *Environmental Ethics* 34:4.
* Leff E. 2010. *Imaginarios Sociales y Sustentabilidad*, Cultura y Representaciones Sociales Editora, No. 9.
* Leff E. 2009. *Ecologia, Capital e Cultura: a Territorialização da Racionalidade Ambiental*, Petrópolis, Brasil: Vozes Editora.
* Leff E. 2006. *Aventuras de la epistemología ambiental. De la articulación de las ciencias al diálogo de saberes*. México: Siglo XXI Editores.
* Leff E. 2004. *Racionalidad ambiental. La apropiación social de la naturaleza*. México: Siglo XXI Editores.
* Leff E. (coord.) 2002. *Ética, vida, sustentabilidad Archived 2021-12-01 at the Wayback Machine*. Serie Pensamiento Ambiental Latinoamericano No. 5. México: PNUMA.
* Leff, E. Escurra, E., Pisanty, I. and Romero Lankao, P. (Eds.) 2002. La transición hacia el desarrollo sustentable. Perspectivas de América Latina y el Caribe. México: SEMARNAT-INE-UAM-PNUMA (second edition).
* Leff, E. & M. Bastida 2001. *Comercio, medio ambiente y desarrollo sustentable: Perspectivas de América Latina y el Caribe*. Mexico: UNEP/ETU.
* Leff E. 2001. *Epistemologia ambiental*. São Paulo: Cortez Editora.
* Leff, E. (ed.). 2001. *Justicia ambiental: Construcción y defensa de los nuevos derechos ambientales culturales y colectivos en América Latina* Archived 2021-12-01 at the Wayback Machine. Mexico: UNEP.
* Leff, E. (ed.) 2000/2003. *La complejidad ambiental*. México: Siglo XXI.
* Leff, E. 2000. The scientific-technological revolution, the forces of nature, and Marx’s theory of value. *Capitalism, Nature, Socialism* 11(4): 109-129.
* Leff, E. 1999. On the social appropriation of nature. *Capitalism, Nature, Socialism* 10(3): 89-104.
* Leff, E. 1998. Murray Bookchin and the end of dialectical naturalism. *Capitalism, Nature, Socialism* 9(4):67-93.
* Leff, E. 1998/2002. *Saber ambiental. Racionalidad, sustentabilidad, complejidad, poder*. México: Siglo XXI Editores.
* Leff, E. 1995. *Green production. Towards an environmental rationality*. New York: Guilford Publications.
* Leff, E. 1994. *Ciencias sociales y formación ambiental*. Barcelona: GEDISA.
* Leff, E. 1994. *Ecología y capital. Racionalidad ambiental, democracia participativa y desarrollo sustentable*. Mexico: Siglo XXI.
* Leff, E. 1993. Marxism and the environmental question: from critical theory of production to an environmental rationality for sustainable development. *Capitalism, Nature, Socialism* 4(1):44-66.
* Leff, E. & J. Carabias (eds.) 1993. *Cultura y Manejo Sustentable de los Recursos Naturales*. 2 volumes. México: CIICH-UNAM/Miguel Ángel Porrúa.
* Leff, E. 1990. *Medio ambiente y desarrollo en México. Mexico: CIIH-UNAM/Miguel Ángel Porrúa.*. México: CIIH-UNAM/Miguel Ángel Porrúa.
* Leff, E. 1986. Ecotechnological productivity: a conceptual basis for the integrated management of natural resources. *Social science information* 25(3): 681-702.
* Leff, E. 1986. *Ecología y Capital: Hacia una Perspectiva Ambiental del Desarrollo*. México: UNAM.
* Leff, E. (Ed.). 1986. *Los problemas del conocimiento y la perspectiva ambiental del desarrollo*. México: Siglo XXI Editores.
* Leff, E. (Ed.). 1981. *Biosociologia y Articulacion de las Ciencias*. Mexico: UNAM.
* Leff, E. (Ed.). 1980. *Teoría del Valor*. México: UNAM.

## InfoBox

| Enrique Leff | |
| --- | --- |
| Leff in 2019 | |
| Born | 1946 (age 7778)<br>Mexico City, Mexico |
|  | |
| Era | 20th21st-century philosophy |
| Region | Western philosophy |
| School | Continental Philosophy, Philosophy of ecology |
| Main interests | epistemology, political ecology, environmental sustainability, ecology |
| Notable ideas | *Environmental knowledge* |
|  | |


title: Ashes Cricket

abstract: Ashes Cricket is a 2017 video game created by Big Ant Studios, and released worldwide on PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Windows. It was the first Big Ant cricket game to be officially licensed to modern teams and players after the Don Bradman Cricket titles, and had the full licence for the 2017-18 Ashes series, which took place in Australia. As part of this, the game contained the ability to take either England or Australia through the Ashes series, or play as an individual star player. As well as this, the game featured a player creation tool that could be used to either create real players and publish them on the game's "cricket academy", or use them in the series or personal player careers. Its sequel Cricket 19 was released in May 2019.

text:
# Ashes Cricket

***Ashes Cricket*** is a 2017 video game created by Big Ant Studios, and released worldwide on PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Windows. It was the first Big Ant cricket game to be officially licensed to modern teams and players after the Don Bradman Cricket titles, and had the full licence for the 2017-18 Ashes series, which took place in Australia. As part of this, the game contained the ability to take either England or Australia through the Ashes series, or play as an individual star player. As well as this, the game featured a player creation tool that could be used to either create real players and publish them on the game's "cricket academy", or use them in the series or personal player careers.

Its sequel *Cricket 19* was released in May 2019.

## Reception

*Ashes Cricket* was scored positively based on the authenticity and accuracy of the way it represents cricket, with IGN scoring the game 8/10 and noting "There has never been a cricket game this approachable, fully-featured, or fun, and the inclusion of licensed Ashes squads and stadia is just the icing on what is already an exceedingly customisable cricket cake". On Steam, it got a 9/10, from 309 reviews.

## InfoBox

| Ashes Cricket | |
| --- | --- |
| The Xbox One edition cover for **Ashes Cricket**. | |
| Developer(s) | Big Ant Studios |
| Publisher(s) | Big Ant Studios |
| Platform(s) | PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Windows |
| Release | November 2017 |
| Genre(s) | Sports |
| Mode(s) | Single-player, Multi-player |


title: 1981 Belgian Grand Prix

abstract: The 1981 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Zolder on 17 May 1981. It was the fifth race of the 1981 Formula One World Championship. It was the last of 12 victories for Carlos Reutemann and the last win for an Argentine driver as of 2024. It was also the first of 59 podiums for 1992 World Champion Nigel Mansell.

text:
# 1981 Belgian Grand Prix

The **1981 Belgian Grand Prix** was a Formula One motor race held at Zolder on 17 May 1981. It was the fifth race of the 1981 Formula One World Championship. It was the last of 12 victories for Carlos Reutemann and the last win for an Argentine driver as of 2024. It was also the first of 59 podiums for 1992 World Champion Nigel Mansell.

## Mechanic safety and chaotic first race

The race was marred by two serious incidents involving mechanics, one fatal. In Friday practice a mechanic from the Osella team, Giovanni Amadeo, stumbled off the pitwall into the path of the Williams of Carlos Reutemann. Reutemann was unable to avoid the mechanic, who suffered a fractured skull. He died from his injuries on the Monday after the race. Before the start of the race the mechanics of all the teams staged a protest over the safety measures protecting them, which was soon joined by several drivers (Villeneuve, Prost, Laffite, Pironi and Scheckter) who left their cars. According to 1976 World Champion James Hunt who was commentating live for BBC in *Sunday Grandstand*, the protest was largely over the narrow pits at Zolder and that the pits were overcrowded, especially with people who were nothing more than 'hangers on' who were there to be seen and not for the actual racing.

The race organisers nevertheless flagged the warm-up lap at the normal time, leaving several cars delayed on the grid, either stalled or with their cockpits vacant. The resulting chaos when the grid formed up again at the end of this lap was exacerbated when Nelson Piquet missed his starting position and was sent round on another lap, with the other cars being held in position. As the cars began to overheat, several drivers turned off their engines, among them Arrows driver Riccardo Patrese, expecting another formation lap due to Piquet's error. However, the organisers began the start sequence as usual once Piquet had regained his position. Patrese was unable to restart his car and waved his arms to signal that he could not take the start. His mechanic, Dave Luckett, came onto the track to restart the car from behind. As he did so, the Clerk of the Course had already started the lighting sequence to start the race, and the race went ahead despite his presence and Patrese's gesticulations. The other Arrows driver, Siegfried Stohr, ploughed into the back of his teammate's car, hitting Luckett. Luckett suffered a broken leg and lacerations but survived the incident. The race continued, and as the field was about to start the second lap, Stohr's disabled car was still on the circuit, and some of the furious marshals, who did not have the official authority to stop the race jumped onto the track and frantically waved at the drivers to stop while the cars passed by with very little space on the narrow track. The confused drivers waved back at the marshals, and on the next lap the drivers did stop at their own accord.

As a result of these events, a new rule was introduced forbidding mechanics from being on the grid within fifteen seconds of the formation lap, and the race starter would use greater caution.

## Race report

In the race, Reutemann was passed by Didier Pironi going into the first corner. Then Alan Jones nudged off Nelson Piquet at the early stages of the race and Piquet crashed into some catch fencing at the chicane. A few laps later, Jones's gearbox failed, and he ploughed into the barriers and badly burned his left thigh after the gearbox oil leaked into his cockpit. Following Jones's retirement, Piquet, still furious after their previous incident, stormed to the Williams garage and had an altercation with Jones and the Williams personnel. Pironi had fallen back and after Jones's accident, Reutemann took the lead, keeping it until the race was called off early because of rain starting to fall on the track. It was his second victory of the season and the 12th and ultimately final victory of his career.

## Classification

### Qualifying

| Pos | No | Driver | Constructor | Q1 | Q2 | Gap |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2 | Carlos Reutemann | Williams-Ford | **1:22.28** | 1:36.27 |  |
| 2 | 5 | Nelson Piquet | Brabham-Ford | **1:23.13** | no time | +0.85 |
| 3 | 28 | Didier Pironi | Ferrari | **1:23.47** | 1:36.76 | +1.19 |
| 4 | 29 | Riccardo Patrese | Arrows-Ford | **1:23.67** | 1:38.28 | +1.39 |
| 5 | 7 | John Watson | McLaren-Ford | **1:23.73** | 1:30.92 | +1.45 |
| 6 | 1 | Alan Jones | Williams-Ford | **1:23.82** | 1:27.43 | +1.54 |
| 7 | 27 | Gilles Villeneuve | Ferrari | **1:23.94** | 1:27.33 | +1.66 |
| 8 | 3 | Eddie Cheever | Tyrrell-Ford | **1:24.38** | 1:31.00 | +2.10 |
| 9 | 26 | Jacques Laffite | Ligier-Matra | **1:24.41** | 1:44.07 | +2.13 |
| 10 | 12 | Nigel Mansell | Lotus-Ford | **1:24.44** | no time | +2.16 |
| 11 | 20 | Keke Rosberg | Fittipaldi-Ford | **1:24.46** | no time | +2.18 |
| 12 | 15 | Alain Prost | Renault | **1:24.63** | 1:43.35 | +2.35 |
| 13 | 30 | Siegfried Stohr | Arrows-Ford | **1:24.66** | no time | +2.38 |
| 14 | 11 | Elio de Angelis | Lotus-Ford | **1:24.96** | no time | +2.68 |
| 15 | 14 | Marc Surer | Ensign-Ford | **1:25.19** | no time | +2.91 |
| 16 | 25 | Jean-Pierre Jabouille | Ligier-Matra | **1:25.28** | 1:38.87 | +3.00 |
| 17 | 23 | Bruno Giacomelli | Alfa Romeo | **1:25.31** | 1:37.77 | +3.03 |
| 18 | 22 | Mario Andretti | Alfa Romeo | **1:25.56** | 1:32.17 | +3.28 |
| 19 | 4 | Michele Alboreto | Tyrrell-Ford | **1:25.91** | 1:32.21 | +3.63 |
| 20 | 21 | Chico Serra | Fittipaldi-Ford | **1:25.93** | no time | +3.65 |
| 21 | 6 | Héctor Rebaque | Brabham-Ford | **1:26.52** | 2:49.14 | +4.24 |
| 22 | 32 | Beppe Gabbiani | Osella-Ford | **1:26.69** | no time | +4.41 |
| 23 | 8 | Andrea de Cesaris | McLaren-Ford | **1:26.95** | 1:30.99 | +4.67 |
| 24 | 31 | Piercarlo Ghinzani | Osella-Ford | **1:27.48** | no time | +5.20 |
| 25 | 16 | René Arnoux | Renault | **1:27.93** | 1:30.71 | +5.65 |
| 26 | 18 | Eliseo Salazar | March-Ford | **1:28.38** | 1:35.66 | +6.10 |
| 27 | 9 | Slim Borgudd | ATS-Ford | **1:28.98** | 1:35.79 | +6.70 |
| 28 | 33 | Patrick Tambay | Theodore-Ford | no time | **1:32.47** | +10.19 |
| 29 | 36 | Derek Warwick | Toleman-Hart | **1:35.97** | no time | +13.69 |
| 30 | 35 | Brian Henton | Toleman-Hart | **1:36.37** | 1:42.95 | +14.09 |
| 31† | 17 | Derek Daly | March-Ford |  |  |  |
| Source: | | | | | | |

* † — time disallowed.

### Race

| Pos | No | Driver | Constructor | Tyre | Laps | Time/Retired | Grid | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2 | **Carlos Reutemann** | **Williams-Ford** |  | 54 | 1:16:31.61 | 1 | **9** |
| 2 | 26 | **Jacques Laffite** | **Ligier-Matra** |  | 54 | \+ 36.06 | 9 | **6** |
| 3 | 12 | **Nigel Mansell** | **Lotus-Ford** |  | 54 | \+ 43.69 | 10 | **4** |
| 4 | 27 | **Gilles Villeneuve** | **Ferrari** |  | 54 | \+ 47.64 | 7 | **3** |
| 5 | 11 | **Elio de Angelis** | **Lotus-Ford** |  | 54 | \+ 49.20 | 14 | **2** |
| 6 | 3 | **Eddie Cheever** | **Tyrrell-Ford** |  | 54 | \+ 52.51 | 8 | **1** |
| 7 | 7 | John Watson | McLaren-Ford |  | 54 | \+ 1:01.66 | 5 |  |
| 8 | 28 | Didier Pironi | Ferrari |  | 54 | \+ 1:32.04 | 3 |  |
| 9 | 23 | Bruno Giacomelli | Alfa Romeo |  | 54 | \+ 1:35.58 | 17 |  |
| 10 | 22 | Mario Andretti | Alfa Romeo |  | 53 | \+ 1 Lap | 18 |  |
| 11 | 14 | Marc Surer | Ensign-Ford |  | 52 | \+ 2 Laps | 15 |  |
| 12 | 4 | Michele Alboreto | Tyrrell-Ford |  | 52 | \+ 2 Laps | 19 |  |
| 13 | 31 | Piercarlo Ghinzani | Osella-Ford |  | 50 | \+ 4 Laps | 24 |  |
| Ret | 6 | Héctor Rebaque | Brabham-Ford |  | 39 | Accident | 21 |  |
| Ret | 25 | Jean-Pierre Jabouille | Ligier-Matra |  | 35 | Transmission | 16 |  |
| Ret | 21 | Chico Serra | Fittipaldi-Ford |  | 29 | Engine | 20 |  |
| Ret | 32 | Beppe Gabbiani | Osella-Ford |  | 22 | Engine | 22 |  |
| Ret | 1 | Alan Jones | Williams-Ford |  | 19 | Accident | 6 |  |
| Ret | 8 | Andrea de Cesaris | McLaren-Ford |  | 11 | Gearbox | 23 |  |
| Ret | 5 | Nelson Piquet | Brabham-Ford |  | 10 | Accident | 2 |  |
| Ret | 20 | Keke Rosberg | Fittipaldi-Ford |  | 10 | Gearbox | 11 |  |
| Ret | 15 | Alain Prost | Renault |  | 2 | Clutch | 12 |  |
| Ret | 29 | Riccardo Patrese | Arrows-Ford |  | 0 | Collision | 4 |  |
| Ret | 30 | Siegfried Stohr | Arrows-Ford |  | 0 | Collision | 13 |  |
| DNQ | 18 | Derek Daly | March-Ford |  |  |  |  |  |
| DNQ | 16 | René Arnoux | Renault |  |  |  |  |  |
| DNQ | 17 | Eliseo Salazar | March-Ford |  |  |  |  |  |
| DNQ | 9 | Slim Borgudd | ATS-Ford |  |  |  |  |  |
| DNQ | 33 | Patrick Tambay | Theodore-Ford |  |  |  |  |  |
| DNQ | 36 | Derek Warwick | Toleman-Hart |  |  |  |  |  |
| DNQ | 35 | Brian Henton | Toleman-Hart |  |  |  |  |  |
| Source: | | | | | | | | |

* This was the Formula One World Championship debut for Italian driver Piercarlo Ghinzani.
* This was the 10th Grand Slam for an Argentinian driver.
* This was the 50th Grand Prix start for Williams.
* This was the 100th Grand Prix start for a Matra-powered car. In those 100 races, Matra-powered cars had won 1 Grand Prix, achieved 14 podium finishes, 3 pole positions and 5 fastest laps.

## Championship standings after the race

* **Note**: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.

## InfoBox

| 1981 Belgian Grand Prix | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Race 5 of 15 in the 1981 Formula One World Championship | | | |
|  | | | |
| Race details | | | |
| Date | 17 May 1981 | | |
| Location | Circuit Zolder, Heusden-Zolder, Belgium | | |
| Course length | 4.262 km (2.648 miles) | | |
| Distance | 54 laps, 230.148 km (143.007 miles) | | |
| Scheduled distance | 70 laps, 298.340 km (185.380 miles) | | |
| Weather | Dry, then wet at the end | | |
| Pole position | | | |
| Driver |  | Williams-Ford |
| Time | 1:22.28 | | |
| Fastest lap | | | |
| Driver | Carlos Reutemann | Williams-Ford |
| Time | 1:23.30 on lap 37 | | |
| Podium | | | |
| First |  | Williams-Ford |
| Second |  | Ligier-Matra |
| Third |  | Lotus-Ford |
| Lap leaders * | | | |


title: Fei Ernanduo

abstract: Fei Ernanduo is a Chinese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Chinese Super League club Shanghai Shenhua.

text:
# Fei Ernanduo

**Fei Ernanduo** (Chinese: 费尔南多; pinyin: *Fèi Ěrnánduō*; born 20 July 2001) is a Chinese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Chinese Super League club Shanghai Shenhua.

## Early life

Fei's grandfather named him Fei Ernanduo, the Chinese transliteration of the Spanish and Portuguese name Fernando, while Fei and his family are fully Chinese. attended the No. 1 Central Primary School in Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu.

## Career

On 4 January 2023, Fei debuted for Chinese side Shanghai Shenhua and scored his first goal for the club during a 5–1 win over Cangzhou Mighty Lions.

## Personal life

Fei has regarded South Korea international Kim Shin-wook as his football idol.

## Honours

**Shanghai Shenhua**

## InfoBox

Fei Ernanduo
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (2001-07-20) 20 July 2001 | | |
| Place of birth | Huai'an, Anhui, China | | |
| Height | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Shanghai Shenhua | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2022– | Shanghai Shenhua | 4 | (3) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: 2018 in China

abstract: The following lists events that happened during 2018 in China.

text:
# 2018 in China

The following lists events that happened during **2018 in China**.

## Incumbents

### Governors

## Events

### January

* January 2 – Shaanxi, Henan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu and other places have been affected by heavy snow or blizzard, which has damaged housing, agriculture and power infrastructure in some areas, and traffic has been blocked.
* January 5 – As of 11:00, Blizzard snow caused 10 deaths in 5 provinces in Central China and East China, more than 567,000 people were affected.

### February

* February 15 – The CCTV Spring Festival Gala, which airs to millions around the country, sparks widespread criticism and faces accusations of racism after featuring a comedy sketch that featured an Asian actress in blackface and with exaggerated buttocks.

### March

### May

### June

### August

* August 18 to 19 - Tropical Storm Rumbia caused heavy rain in several province, causing 53 fatalities, including 2 policeman who were washed away by the flood.

### September

* September 15 — the annual routine Air Defense Alert originally scheduled for Guangzhou was cancelled.
* September 16 — Typhoon Mangkhut gradually approached Guangdong. Urban public transportation in Guangzhou and Shenzhen is also affected, in which part of the Guangzhou Metro is out of service; in Shenzhen, buses, subways, and taxis are all out of service, and pure electric taxi charging stations are also closed.

### October

* October 3  The PRC authorities ordered Fan Bingbing and the companies she controls to pay around 883 million yuan (around US$129 million) in taxes, fines, and penalties. She also broke silence on her Weibo account by apologizing for what she had done.

### November

* November 13 — “Great Change – A Large-Scale Exhibition Celebrating the 40th Anniversary of Reform and Opening-up” was grandly opened at the National Museum of the People’s Republic of China. On the afternoon of the same day, Xi Jinping came here to visit the exhibition, reviewing the glorious course of the 40 years of reform and opening up, and proclaiming the firm determination to carry out reform and opening up.

### Film

## Deaths

### January

### February

* 1 February – Su Bai, 95, archaeologist.
* 11 February – Sun Shu, 84, geologist.
* 12 February – Luo Haocai, 83, politician and legal scholar.
* 19 February – Zhang Junsheng, 81, optical engineer, politician, and academic administrator.
* 24 February – Yang Rudai, 91, politician.
* 25 February – Dai Fudong, 89, architect.
* 26 February – Li Boguang, 49, legal scholar and human rights activist.
* 28 February – Chen Xiaolu, 71, businessman and princeling.

### March

### April

### May

### June

### July

### August

### September

### October

### November

### December

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: | Other events of 2018<br>History of China    Timeline    Years |


title: Auguste-François Maunoury

abstract: Auguste-François Maunoury was a Catholic Hellenist and exegete.

text:
# Auguste-François Maunoury

**Auguste-François Maunoury** (b. at Champsecret, Orne, France, 30 October 1811; d. Séez, Orne, 17 November 1898) was a Catholic Hellenist and exegete.

## Biography

Maunoury studied classics at the preparatory seminary in Séez, to which institution he returned after his theological course, and where he spent the whole of his long priestly career. Until 1852, he taught the classics, and then became professor of rhetoric, a position which he occupied for twenty-two years. During this period, keeping abreast of the progress of Hellenistic studies in France and Germany, he composed, published and revised those of his works (*Grammaire de la Langue Grecque*, *Chrestomathie* etc.) which gained him a reputation as a Greek scholar. Towards 1866, Maunoury began his work as a biblical commentator, by treating some sections of the Gospel in the *Semaine Catholique* of his native diocese; but it was only after 1875, that he gave himself fully to the pursuit of biblical studies. In 1877, he became canon of the cathedral of Séez and, the following year, he began to publish his commentaries on all the Epistles of the New Testament.

These commentaries appeared in five volumes, as follows:

1. *Com. sur L'Epître aux Romains* (Paris, 1878)
2. *Com. sur les deux Epîtres aux Corinthiens* (Paris, 1879)
3. *Com. sur les Epîtres aux Galates, aux Ephésiens, aux Phillippiens, aux Colossiens, et aux Thessaloniciens* (Paris, 1880)
4. *Com. sur les Epîtres à Timothée, à Tite, à Philémon, aux Hébreux* (Paris, 1882)
5. *Com. sur les Epîtres Catholiques de St Jacques, St. Pierre, St. Jean et St. Jude* (Paris, 1888)

In explaining the biblical texts, Maunoury made use of his familiarity with Greek grammar and authors, availing himself chiefly of the commentaries of John Chrysostom and Theodoret. In 1894, he published his *Com. in Psalmos* (*Commentary on the Psalms;* 2 vols., Paris), a Latin work, written almost exclusively on the basis of the Vulgate and the Septuagint. His only contribution to apologetics is a volume entitled *Soirées d'Automne, ou la Religion prouvée aux gens du monde* (Paris, 1887).

* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Auguste-François Maunoury". *Catholic Encyclopedia*. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

## InfoBox

| Auguste-François Maunoury | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1811-10-30)October 30, 1811
Champsecret |
| Died | November 17, 1898(1898-11-17) (aged 87)
Sées |
| Occupation | Priest |


title: 1895 Faroese general election

abstract: Partial general elections were held in the Faroe Islands in 1895 to elect nine of the eighteen elected members of the Løgting. The Danish administrator (Amtmaður) and the local dean (Próstur) were also members, with the administrator serving as the speaker.

text:
# 1895 Faroese general election

Partial general elections were held in the Faroe Islands in 1895 to elect nine of the eighteen elected members of the Løgting. The Danish administrator (*Amtmaður*) and the local dean (*Próstur*) were also members, with the administrator serving as the speaker.

## Electoral system

Members of the Løgting were elected by first-past-the-post voting, with voters having as many votes as there were seats available in their constituency. Nine of the 18 seats were elected every two years. Voting was restricted to men aged 25 or over who met certain tax-paying criteria.

## Results

| Constituency | Elected members | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Eysturoy | Christian Jacobsen |  |
| | Gregers Joensen |  |
| | Jógvan Poulsen | Re-elected |
| | Magnus Poulsen |  |
| Norðurstreymoy | Ole Jacobsen | Re-elected |
| | Søren Emil Müller | Re-elected |
| Suðurstreymoy | Djóni í Geil | Re-elected |
| Vágar | Mikkjal Danielsen | Re-elected |
| | Daniel Niclasen | Re-elected |
| Source: Løgting | | |

### By constituency

Norðurstreymoy
| Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Ole Jacobsen** | 69 | 39.66 |
| **Søren Emil Müller** | 59 | 33.91 |
| Ole Johannes Olsen | 27 | 15.52 |
| Olaus Johan Michal Johnsen | 16 | 9.20 |
| Jacob Jacobsen | 1 | 0.57 |
| Joen Peter Gergoriussen | 1 | 0.57 |
| Johan Dam | 1 | 0.57 |
| Total | 174 | 100.00 |
|  | | |
| Total votes | 84 |  |
| Registered voters/turnout | 250 | 33.60 |
| Source: Løgting | | |

## Aftermath

Gregers Joensen died in 1897 and was replaced by Ole Hansen Dahl.


title: Arrondissement of Libourne

abstract: The arrondissement of Libourne is an arrondissement of France in the Gironde department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It has 129 communes. Its population is 154,067 (2016), and its area is 1,282.9 km⁲ (495.3 sq mi).

text:
# Arrondissement of Libourne

The **arrondissement of Libourne** is an arrondissement of France in the Gironde department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. It has 129 communes. Its population is 154,067 (2016), and its area is 1,282.9 km2 (495.3 sq mi).

## Composition

The communes of the arrondissement of Libourne, and their INSEE codes, are:

## History

The arrondissement of Libourne was created in 1800.

As a result of the reorganisation of the cantons of France which came into effect in 2015, the borders of the cantons are no longer related to the borders of the arrondissements. The cantons of the arrondissement of Libourne were, as of January 2015:

* Branne
* Castillon-la-Bataille
* Coutras
* Fronsac
* Guîtres
* Libourne
* Lussac
* Pujols
* Sainte-Foy-la-Grande

44°54′N 0°14′W / 44.900°N 0.233°W / 44.900; -0.233

## InfoBox

| Libourne | |
| --- | --- |
| Arrondissement | |
| Location within the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine |
| Department | Gironde |
| No. of communes | 129 |
| Subprefecture | Libourne |
| Area | 1,282.9 km2 (495.3 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 156,142 |
| Density | 122/km2 (320/sq mi) |
| INSEE code | 335 |


title: Ayur Rekha

abstract: Ayur Rekha is a 2007 Indian Malayalam film, directed by GM Manu, starring Sreenivasan, Mukesh, Indrajith, Lakshmi Sharma and Saikumar in the lead roles.

text:
# Ayur Rekha

***Ayur Rekha*** is a 2007 Indian Malayalam film, directed by GM Manu, starring Sreenivasan, Mukesh, Indrajith, Lakshmi Sharma and Saikumar in the lead roles.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

Music: Sabish George, Lyrics: O. N. V. Kurup

## InfoBox

| Ayur Rekha | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | GM Manu |
| Written by | K K Sudhakaran |
| Starring | Sreenivasan
Mukesh
Indrajith
Lakshmi Sharma
Saikumar |
| Release date | * November 8, 2007 (2007-11-08) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Malayalam |


abstract: The 1999 Uttlesford District Council election took place on 6 May 1999 to elect members of Uttlesford District Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections.

text:
# 1999 Uttlesford District Council election

The **1999 Uttlesford District Council election** took place on 6 May 1999 to elect members of Uttlesford District Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections.

## Summary

1999 Uttlesford District Council election
| Party | | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | **18** |  |  | 1 | 42.9 | 44.0 | 13,961 | –0.5 |
|  | Conservative | **16** |  |  | 4 | 38.1 | 37.4 | 11,876 | +4.1 |
|  | Independent | **6** |  |  | 1 | 14.3 | 9.7 | 3,077 | +3.1 |
|  | Labour | **2** |  |  | 2 | 4.8 | 9.0 | 2,844 | –6.6 |

## InfoBox

1999 Uttlesford District Council election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  All 42 seats to Uttlesford District Council
22 seats needed for a majority | |
| First party Second party   Party Liberal Democrats Conservative  Seats won **18** **16**  Seat change  1  4  Popular vote 13,961 11,876  Percentage 44.0% 37.4%  Swing  0.5%  4.1%   ---  Third party Fourth party   Party Independent Labour  Seats won **6** **2**  Seat change  1  2  Popular vote 3,077 2,844  Percentage 9.7% 9.0%  Swing  3.1%  6.6% | |
| ---  **Council control before election**

No overall control **Council control after election**

No overall control | |


title: 2010 Guatemala City sinkhole

abstract: The 2010 Guatemala City sinkhole was a disaster on 30 May 2010, in which an area approximately 20 m in diameter and 90 m deep collapsed in Guatemala City's Zona 2, swallowing a three-story factory. The sinkhole occurred because of a combination of reasons, including Tropical Storm Agatha, the Pacaya Volcano eruption, and leakage from sewer pipes. The sinkhole resulted in 1 death.

text:
# 2010 Guatemala City sinkhole

The **2010 Guatemala City sinkhole** was a disaster on 30 May 2010, in which an area approximately 20 m (65 feet) in diameter and 90 m (300 feet) deep collapsed in Guatemala City's Zona 2, swallowing a three-story factory. The sinkhole occurred because of a combination of reasons, including Tropical Storm Agatha, the Pacaya Volcano eruption, and leakage from sewer pipes. The sinkhole resulted in 1 death.

## Background

Overall, the risk of sinkholes occurring in Guatemala City is very high and often unpredictable. One recent, similar sinkhole had collapsed in 2007, forming a pit 100 m (330 feet) deep. The 2007 Guatemala City sinkhole was formed by fluid from a sewer eroding uncemented volcanic ash, limestone, and other pyroclastic deposits underlying Guatemala City. The hazards around the pipe have since then been mitigated, by improved handling of the city's wastewater and runoff. Several rainstorms also contributed to the sinkhole's collapse, as stormwater percolated into the ground, further dissolving the rocks beneath Guatemala City. The 2010 sinkhole was formed for similar reasons.

Sergio Morales, the human rights ombudsman for Guatemala City, verified that residents have been raising concerns about ground instability, including rumblings and fissures, since 2005. Additionally, in a discussion with the newspaper Prensa Libre, Augusto Lopez Rincon, president of a neighborhood association, suggested that heavy traffic from commercial trucks may have contributed to the 2007 sinkhole's development.

Some scientists were surprised by the 2010 Guatemala City sinkhole. "A lot of us who study sinkholes look at this and go, 'wow,' it does seem a little bit bizarre," stated Randall C. Orndorff, a U.S. Geological Survey program coordinator. Geologists familiar with Guatemala, including William Rose, a professor of geological engineering and sciences at Michigan Technological University, agree that the sinkhole was not caused by limestone, which typically plays a role in such disasters. "The area in the city is underlayed by volcanic deposits, and these volcanic deposits make very steep-bounded canyons," said Rose.

## Formation

### Sewage pipes

The sinkhole formed due to volcanic pumice deposits, upon which Guatemala City is built. These deposits were unconsolidated and of low density, allowing easy erosion. According to Sam Bonis, a geologist at Dartmouth College, leaking pipes went unfixed long enough to create the conditions necessary for sinkhole formation because of city zoning regulations and building codes. Bonis also says that the Guatemala City sinkhole is a misnomer: sinkholes have natural causes, but this one was mainly artificial. In addition, according to Bonis, sinkholes are usually formed from limestone, but there is no limestone hundreds of metres underneath Guatemala City. The sinkhole appeared almost perfectly round and seemed to defy reality, raising significant concerns about the structural integrity of the surrounding area and the impact of urban development on natural landscapes.

### Tropical Storm Agatha

Tropical Storm Agatha was first identified as a trough of low pressure off the western coast of Costa Rica on 24 May 2010. On May 29, the depression intensified into a tropical storm and was given the name Agatha. Later that day, the system intensified slightly before making landfall near the Mexico-Guatemala border with winds of 72 km/h (45 mph). By the morning of 30 May, the center of Agatha moved over the highest terrain in Central America, resulting in the dissipation of the low-level circulation. Torrential rains from the storm widened the cavity, eventually causing the collapse of the sinkhole.

### Pacaya volcano eruption

On 27 May, three days before Agatha became a tropical depression, the Pacaya volcano, located about 40 km (25 miles) south of Guatemala City, erupted, killing at least one person and blanketing nearby areas with layers of ash. The eruption prompted officials to shut down the country's international airport. Upon the formation of Agatha, people feared that excessive rainfall from the storm could exacerbate the situation and trigger lahars. This had the effect of clogging the underground pipes with soot, increasing the chances of pipe rupture.

## Collapse and aftermath

Mariela Castañón, a reporter for the daily newspaper *La Hora*, reported that the ground collapsed suddenly, taking a three-story house that was used as a factory, and possibly a security guard, along with it. Authorities said they could not confirm the security guard's death. One resident expressed their confusion and fear to Castañón, stating, “They \[the residents\] don’t know whether to stay or evacuate. CONRED hasn’t told them what to do.”

Because of the role played by sewage pipes in the sinkhole's collapse, Bonis, along with other geologists, has demanded that the government inspect the sewer system more regularly.

According to officials, the sinkhole had similarities with another Guatemalan sinkhole which collapsed in 2007, which may also have been formed by ruptured sewage pipes. Both collapses took place along a major stormwater collector/drainage tunnel constructed from volcanic tuff, known as pumice. Following the 2010 collapse, municipal authorities rebuilt the collectors and initiated inspections of the main collector, uncovering issues such as groundwater presence, caverns, and concrete cracks. These findings raised concerns about the stability of the collector and urged for comprehensive geophysical investigations to understand the subsoil conditions surrounding it.

There is controversy regarding the classification of the 2010 Guatemala City incident. Some experts believe it's a "piping feature" incident and should not be considered a sinkhole, because "the hole was not made by the same ecological processes as a sinkhole."

On a wider scale, immediately following reports of fatalities due to Agatha, a state of emergency was declared for Guatemala. On 31 May, the government started to deploy national aid, and donation centers for victims of the storm were opened across the country. According to the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), schools in Guatemala were to be closed until at least 4 June.

### Filling in the sinkhole

Immediately after the sinkhole's collapse, there were plans to fill it in with a soil cement made from cement, limestone, and water known locally as *lodocreto* ("mudcrete"). This substance was also used to fill in the 2007 Guatemala City sinkhole. However, another technique, which geologists call the graded-filter technique, in which the sinkhole is filled with successive layers of boulders, smaller rocks, and gravel, could possibly be a better solution. This is because filling the hole in with cement diverts water runoff to other areas, potentially increasing the risk of sinkholes occurring in other parts of the city. The graded-filter technique, on the other hand, allows water to seep through.

## InfoBox

2010 Guatemala City sinkhole
| The 2010 sinkhole in Zona 2 | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 30 May 2010 |
| Location | Guatemala City, Guatemala |
| Coordinates | 14°39′07.6″N 90°30′21″W / 14.652111°N 90.50583°W / 14.652111; -90.50583 |
| Type | Sinkhole |
| Deaths | 1 |


title: 2-Chloropyridine

abstract: 2-Chloropyridine is an aryl chloride with the formula C5H4ClN. It is a colorless liquid that is mainly used to generate fungicides and insecticides in industry. It also serves to generate antihistamines and antiarrythymics for pharmaceutical purposes. It is one of three isomers of chloropyridine.

text:
# 2-Chloropyridine

**2-Chloropyridine** is an aryl chloride with the formula C5H4ClN. It is a colorless liquid that is mainly used to generate fungicides and insecticides in industry. It also serves to generate antihistamines and antiarrythymics for pharmaceutical purposes. It is one of three isomers of chloropyridine.

## Preparation

2-Chloropyridine is produced by direct reaction of pyridine with chlorine. The initially formed 2-chloropyridine reacts further to give 2,6-dichloropyridine.

Alternatively, 2-chloropyridines can be conveniently synthesized in high yields from pyridine-N-oxides.

2-Chloropyridine was originally prepared by the chlorination of 2-hydroxypyridine with phosphoryl chloride.

## Main reactions and applications

2-Chloropyridine reacts with nucleophiles to generate pyridine derivatives substituted at the second and fourth carbons on the heterocycle. Therefore, many reactions using 2-chloropyridine generate mixtures of products which require further workup to isolate the desired isomer.

Some commercial products include pyrithione, pyripropoxyfen, chlorphenamine, and disopyramide. In these conversions, chloride is displaced. Pyrithione, the conjugate base of 2-mercaptopyridine-*N*-oxide, is a fungicide found in some shampoos. Oxidation 2-chloropyridine gives 2-chloropyridine-N-oxide. The antihistamine pheniramine may be generated via the reaction of phenylacetonitrile with 2-chloropyridine in the presence of a base.

## Environmental properties

Although pyridine is an excellent source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy for certain microorganisms, introduction of a halogen moiety significantly retards degradation of the pyridine ring. With the exception of 4-chloropyridine, each of the mono- and di-substituted chloropyridines were found to be relatively resistant to microbiological degradation in soil or liquid media. Estimated time for complete degradation was \> 30 days. 2-Chloropyridine exhibits extensive volatilization losses from water, less so when present in soil.

## Toxicity

The LD50 is 64 mg/kg (dermal, rabbit).

## InfoBox

2-Chloropyridine
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name 2-Chloropyridine | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| Beilstein Reference | 105788 |
| ChEBI |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.316 |
| EC Number | * 203-646-3 |
| Gmelin Reference | 130818 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| RTECS number | * US5950000 |
| UNII |  |
| UN number | 2822 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C5H4ClN/c6-5-3-1-2-4-7-5/h1-4H YKey: OKDGRDCXVWSXDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y * InChI=1/C5H4ClN/c6-5-3-1-2-4-7-5/h1-4HKey: OKDGRDCXVWSXDC-UHFFFAOYAI | |
| SMILES * Clc1ncccc1 | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C5H4ClN |
| Molar mass | 113.54 g/mol |
| Appearance | colorless liquid |
| Density | 1.2 g/mL |
| Melting point | −46 °C (−51 °F; 227 K) |
| Boiling point | 166 °C (331 °F; 439 K) |
| Solubility in water | 27 g/L |
| Acidity (p*K*a) | 0.49 |
| Hazards | |
| **GHS** labelling: | |
| Pictograms |  |
| Signal word | **Danger** |
| Hazard statements | H301, H310, H315, H319, H330, H400 |
| Precautionary statements | P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P310, P301+P312, P302+P350, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P311, P312, P314, P320, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P361, P362, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501 |
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | MSDS |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds | 3-Chloropyridine
3-Bromopyridine
2-Chloromethylpyridine |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


# 2005 Northern Cypriot parliamentary election

Early parliamentary elections were held in Northern Cyprus on 20 February 2005, after the coalition government led by Mehmet Ali Talat lost its majority in the House of Representatives. The vote was a resounding victory for Mehmet Ali Talat's CTP-United Forces alliance, although it fell just short of a majority. The UBP, Democratic Party and BDH also crossed the 5% election threshold and won seats in the House.

## Electoral system

The House had 50 members, elected for a five-year term by mitigated proportional representation. Under North Cyprus law, a party had to receive 5% of the total vote to get any seats in parliament.

## Results

|  | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
|  | Republican Turkish Party | 577,443 | 44.51 | 24 | +5 |
|  | National Unity Party | 410,813 | 31.67 | 19 | +1 |
|  | Democratic Party | 174,721 | 13.47 | 6 | –1 |
|  | Peace and Democracy Movement | 75,747 | 5.84 | 1 | –5 |
|  | Communal Liberation Party | 31,210 | 2.41 | 0 |  |
|  | New Party | 20,832 | 1.61 | 0 | New |
|  | Nationalist Justice Party | 6,519 | 0.50 | 0 | New |
|  | Independents | 58 | 0.00 | 0 | New |
| Total | | 1,297,343 | 100.00 | 50 | 0 |
|  | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 113,639 | 95.49 |  | |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 5,370 | 4.51 |  | |
| Total votes | | 119,009 | 100.00 |  | |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 147,249 | 80.82 |  | |
| Source: YSK | | | | | |

## Aftermath

Talat became Prime Minister, leading a coalition of the CTP and DP.

### June 2006 by-election

A by-election was held on 25 June 2006 to fill the positions left vacant by the death of Salih Miroğlu (UBP general secretary) and the election of Talat as president. The two parliamentary seats in contention were in Lefkoşa and Kyrenia. This by-election was held together with municipal elections, and the United States Department of State reported that both "were generally free and fair". Of the two vacant seats, one was held by the National Unity Party, the other by the CTP. The two elected candidates were Gülboy Beydağlı and Özkan Yorgancıoğlu, both of which belong to the CTP. The latter thus increased its representation in the Assembly from 24 to 25 seats. The ruling coalition of the CTP and DP had difficulty forming a government after this by-election. When three deputies (two from the National Unity Party and one from the Democratic Party) resigned to form the new, progovernment Freedom and Reform Party in September, the coalition collapsed and Serdar Denktaş quit the government. The CTP then formed a coalition government with the newly formed Freedom and Reform Party, in which it was the biggest partner, holding seven ministries.

## InfoBox

2005 Northern Cypriot parliamentary election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  50 seats in the Assembly of the Republic
26 seats needed for a majority | |
| Party Leader Vote % Seats +/–  CTP Mehmet Ali Talat 44.51 24 +5  UBP Derviş Eroğlu 31.67 19 +1  DP Serdar Denktaş 13.47 6 −1  BDH Mustafa Akıncı 5.84 1 −5   This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.  Prime Minister before Prime Minister after  Mehmet Ali Talat
CTP Mehmet Ali Talat
CTP | |


title: Espionage (1955 film)

abstract: Espionage is a 1955 Austrian historical spy drama film directed by Franz Antel and starring Ewald Balser, Barbara Rütting and Gerhard Riedmann. It was shot at the Sievering Studios and on location in Vienna. The film's sets were designed by the art director Felix Smetana. It was based on the real story of Alfred Redl, an officer serving with Austrian Military Intelligence who was also secretly spying for the hostile Russian Empire before the First World War.

text:
# Espionage (1955 film)

***Espionage*** (German: ***Spionage***) is a 1955 Austrian historical spy drama film directed by Franz Antel and starring Ewald Balser, Barbara Rütting and Gerhard Riedmann. It was shot at the Sievering Studios and on location in Vienna. The film's sets were designed by the art director Felix Smetana. It was based on the real story of Alfred Redl, an officer serving with Austrian Military Intelligence who was also secretly spying for the hostile Russian Empire before the First World War.

## Cast

1. Fritsche p.256

## Bibliography

* Fritsche, Maria. *Homemade Men in Postwar Austrian Cinema: Nationhood, Genre and Masculinity*. Berghahn Books, 2013.

## InfoBox

| Espionage | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Franz Antel |
| Written by | Alexander Lernet-Holenia
Kurt Nachmann |
| Produced by | Franz Hoffmann
Erich von Neusser |
| Starring | Ewald Balser
Barbara Rütting
Gerhard Riedmann |
| Cinematography | Hanns Matula
Hans Heinz Theyer |
| Edited by | Arnfried Heyne |
| Music by | Willy Schmidt-Gentner |
| Production
companies | Hope Film
Neusser-Film |
| Distributed by | Sascha Film
UFA (W. Germany) |
| Release date | * 18 April 1955 (1955-04-18) |
| Running time | 100 minutes |
| Country | Austria |
| Language | German |


title: Enea Benedetto

abstract: Enea Benedetto is an Italian businessman and entrepreneur. He is CEO of Vectorium, former president  of football club Unione Sportiva Alessandria Calcio 1912 and currently president and owner of the Italian football club AC Legnano

text:
# Enea Benedetto

**Enea Benedetto** (born 1975) is an Italian businessman and entrepreneur. He is CEO of Vectorium, former president (Italian: presidente) of football club Unione Sportiva Alessandria Calcio 1912 and currently president and owner of the Italian football club AC Legnano

## Early and career

Enea Benedetto was born in Turin, Italy, in 1975. He attended the Universite Paris Cite between 1993 and 1997 and graduated with a Doctor in Sociology. He also holds a master's degree in sociology from Universite Toulouse. In January 2016, Benedetto launched Vectorium, a company servicing the blockchain and AI development through the crypto carbon credits innovation. He is also the founder of benediXit which was launched in 2018.

In July 2020, Benedetto attempted to purchase the Serie A football club Torino FC. In July 2022, Benedetto re-established the old Torino Calcio, creating the AS Torino Calcio. He was subsequently appointed President of Unione Sportiva Alessandria Calcio 1912.

## InfoBox

| Enea Benedetto | |
| --- | --- |
| Photo of Enea Benedetto in 2022 | |
| Born | (1975-06-28) 28 June 1975<br>Torino, Italy |
| Occupation | entrepreneur |
| Known for | * Vectorium (owner) * BenediXit (main shareholder) |
| Board member of |  |


title: 1997 Tour de Hongrie

abstract: The 1997 Tour de Hongrie was the 26th edition of the Tour de Hongrie cycle race and was held from 22 to 27 July 1997. The race started and finished in Budapest. The race was won by Zoltán Bebtó.

text:
# 1997 Tour de Hongrie

The **1997 Tour de Hongrie** was the 26th edition of the Tour de Hongrie cycle race and was held from 22 to 27 July 1997. The race started and finished in Budapest. The race was won by Zoltán Bebtó.

## General classification

| **Final general classification**  Rank Rider Team Time  1  Zoltán Bebtó (HUN) Stollwerck-FTC 21h 28' 55"  2  Yuri Zajac (UKR) Schwinn-Csepel \+ 10"  3  Balázs Rohtmer (HUN) Siófok-Cora \+ 12" |
| --- |

## InfoBox

1997 Tour de Hongrie
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 22–27 July |
| Stages | 5 + Prologue |
| Distance | 854 km (530.7 mi) |
| Winning time | 21h 28' 55" |
| Results | |
| Winner  Zoltán Bebtó (HUN)  (Stollwerck-FTC)  Second  Yuri Zajac (UKR)  (Schwinn-Csepel)  Third  Balázs Rohtmer (HUN)  (Siófok-Cora)   ---  Points  Arno van Hattem (NED)  (Postás-Matáv)  Mountains  Boris Ljujić (FRY)  (Čukarički)  Team Stollwerck-FTC | |
|