title: Education in Texas

abstract: Texas has over 1,000 public school districts—all but one of the school districts in Texas are independent, separate from any form of municipal or county government. School districts may cross city and county boundaries. Independent school districts have the power to tax their residents and to assert eminent domain over privately owned property. The Texas Education Agency (TEA) oversees these districts, providing supplemental funding, but its jurisdiction is limited mostly to intervening in poorly performing districts. 36 separate and distinct public universities exist in Texas, of which 32 belong to one of the six state university systems. The Carnegie Foundation classifies 11 of Texas's universities as research universities with very high research activity: Rice University, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas Tech University, University of Houston, University of North Texas, Texas A&M University, University of Texas at Dallas, University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at Arlington, Baylor University, and University of Texas at San Antonio.

text:
# Education in Texas

Texas has over 1,000 public school districtsall but one of the school districts in Texas are *independent*, separate from any form of municipal or county government. School districts may (and often do) cross city and county boundaries. Independent school districts have the power to tax their residents and to assert eminent domain over privately owned property. The Texas Education Agency (TEA) oversees these districts, providing supplemental funding, but its jurisdiction is limited mostly to intervening in poorly performing districts.

36 separate and distinct public universities exist in Texas, of which 32 belong to one of the six state university systems. The Carnegie Foundation classifies 11 of Texas's universities as research universities with very high research activity (Tier One status): Rice University, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas Tech University, University of Houston, University of North Texas, Texas A&M University, University of Texas at Dallas, University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at Arlington, Baylor University, and University of Texas at San Antonio.

## History

Education in Texas began in the late 1830s. In breaking away from Texas in 1836 the grievances in the Declaration of Independence complained of the failure of the Mexican government "to establish any public system of education, although possessed of almost boundless resources."

### Higher education

During World War II the main universities like University of Texas and Texas A&M University gained a new national role. The wartime financing of university research, curricular change, campus trainee programs, and postwar veteran enrollments changed the tenor and allowed Texas schools to gain national stature.

From 1950 through the 1960s, Texas modernized and dramatically expanded its system of higher education. Under the leadership of Governor Connally, the state produced a long-range plan for higher education, a more rational distribution of resources, and a central state apparatus that managed state institutions with greater efficiency. Because of these changes, Texas universities received federal funds for research and development during the John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson administrations.

## Primary and secondary education

Texas has over 1,000 school districts—ranging in size from the gigantic Houston Independent School District to the Divide Independent School District in rural south Texas, which has had as few as eight students at one time in the district. All but one of the school districts in Texas are separate from any form of municipal government, hence they are called "independent school districts", or "ISD" for short. School districts may (and often do) cross city and county boundaries. School districts have the power to tax their residents and to use eminent domain. The sole exception to this rule is Stafford Municipal School District, which serves all of the city of Stafford.

The Texas Education Agency (TEA) has oversight of the public school systems as well as the charter schools. Because of the *independent* nature of the school districts the TEA's actual jurisdiction is limited. The TEA is divided into twenty Educational Service Center "regions" that serve the local school districts. The *Robin Hood plan* is a controversial tax redistribution system that provides court-mandated equitable school financing for all school districts in the state. Property tax revenue from property-wealthy school districts is distributed to those in property-poor districts, in an effort to equalize the financing of all districts throughout Texas.

Especially in the metropolitan areas, Texas also has numerous private schools of all types (non-sectarian, Catholic, and Protestant). The TEA has no authority over private school operations; private schools may or may not be accredited, and achievement tests are not required for private school graduating seniors. Many private schools will obtain accreditation and perform achievement tests as a means of encouraging future parents that the school is genuinely interested in educational performance.

It is generally considered to be among the least restrictive states in which to home school. Neither the TEA nor the local school district has authority to regulate home school activities; state law only requires that the curriculum 1 must teach "reading, spelling, grammar, mathematics and a study of good citizenship" (the latter interpreted to mean a course in civics) and 2) must be taught in a *bona fide* manner. There are no minimum number of days in a year, or hours in a day, that must be met, and achievement tests are not required for home school graduating seniors. The validity of home schooling was challenged in Texas, but a landmark case, *Leeper v. Arlington ISD*, ruled that home schooling was legal and that the state had little or no authority to regulate the practice.

As of 2010 49% of children enrolled in public Pre-K through 12 primary and secondary schools in Texas are classified as Hispanic. In the decade from the 1999–2000 school year to the 2009–2010 school year, Hispanics made up 91% of the growth in the state's public K-12 schools. The overall student body increased by 856,061 students, with 775,075 of those students being Hispanic.

Although unusual in the West, school corporal punishment is not uncommon in more conservative areas of the state, with 28,569 public school students paddled in Texas at least one time during the 2011–2012 school year, according to government data. The rate of school corporal punishment in Texas is surpassed only by Mississippi, Alabama, and Arkansas.

### Textbooks and curriculum

The state curriculum in Texas is specified in the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS), which are updated and maintained Texas State Board of Education (SBOE). The state has never adopted the Common Core State Standards Initiative. The State Board of Education also selects the textbooks that are used in public schools; many other states also use textbooks developed in Texas.

#### Bias and accuracy

Social studies textbooks and curricula in Texas have often been criticized for having a conservative Christian bias and lack of factual accuracy with regards to history and religions, and for portraying Islam and conflicts in the Middle East in a negative manner. Notably, the curriculum for American history teaches that Moses was an important influence on the Founding Fathers. A 2014 report by the Texas Freedom Network also found, among other issues, that the then-proposed American history textbooks downplayed the role of conquest and slavery; gave an inadequate and unbalanced overview of LGBT people and Native Americans; and gave undue praise of *laissez-faire* capitalism. SBOE panels who select textbooks are rarely teachers or academics, and are chosen in elections with minimal turnout.

In 2021, the state legislature passed Texas House Bill 3979, which bans the teaching of critical race theory. The American Historical Association, among others, expressed concern that the bill's broad scope could lead to omission or whitewashing of controversial race or gender topics in social studies. The Carroll Independent School District school board came under fire for claiming that books about the Holocaust would have to be balanced with ones "that \[have\] other perspectives" under the new law, though education experts and the district's superintendent disagree that the law will affect the factual accuracy of educational material.

The science curriculum adopted in 2009 was the first to include a full overview of the theory of evolution, but faced backlash after the final version included a loophole that allowed schools to dismiss evolution in favor of creationism. The current 2017 science curriculum in Texas does not mandate the teaching of evolution over creationism, but removed language that was perceived to have discouraged the teaching of evolution.

### Standardized tests

The State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness (STAAR) are a series of standardized tests used in Texas primary and secondary schools to assess students' attainment of reading, writing, math, science, and social studies skills required under Texas education standards. It is developed and scored by Pearson Educational Measurement with close supervision by the Texas Education Agency. Though created before the No Child Left Behind Act was passed, it complies with the law. It replaced the previous test, called the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills, or TAKS test, in 2017. The TAKS test replaced the Texas Assessment of Academic Skills, or TAAS test, in 2003.

## Public colleges and universities

Texas' controversial alternative affirmative action plan, Texas House Bill 588, guarantees Texas students who graduated in the top 10 percent of their high school class automatic admission to state-funded universities. The bill encourages demographic diversity while avoiding problems stemming from the *Hopwood v. Texas* (1996) case.

Thirty-five (35) separate and distinct public universities exist in Texas, of which 33 belong to one of the six state university systems. Discovery of minerals on Permanent University Fund land, particularly oil, has helped fund the rapid growth of the state's two largest university systems: The University of Texas System and the Texas A&M System. The five other university systems: the University of Houston System, the University of North Texas System, the Texas State System, the Texas Tech System, and the Texas Woman's University System are not funded by the Permanent University Fund.

Both the University of Texas and Texas A&M University were established by the Texas Constitution and hold stakes in the Permanent University Fund. The state has been putting effort to expand the number of flagship universities by elevating some of its seven institutions designated as emerging research universities. The two that are expected to emerge first are the University of Houston and Texas Tech University, likely in that order according to discussions on the House floor of the 82nd Texas Legislature.

### University of Houston System

The University of Houston System has four separate and distinct institutions; each institution is a stand-alone university and confers its own degrees. Its flagship institution is the University of Houston, a research university. The three other institutions in the System are stand-alone universities; they are not branch campuses of the University of Houston.

The flagship institution of the System, the University of Houston, ranks No. 189 in the National University Rankings of *U.S. News & World Report*, and No. 106 among top public universities.

The University of Houston System's annual impact on the Texas economy equates to that of a major corporation: $1.1 billion in new funds attracted annually to Texas, $3.13 billion in total economic benefit, and 24,000 local jobs generated. This is in addition to the 12,500 new graduates the UH System produces every year who enter the workforce throughout Texas.

### University of North Texas System

The University of North Texas System (UNT System) has three schools in the North Texas region, all of which are in the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex.

The flagship institution is the University of North Texas (UNT) located in Denton. UNT is the largest university in the Metroplex and third largest in the state. The fields taught at UNT focus on such areas as business management, education, engineering, hospitality, music and science.

The UNT System also oversees the University of North Texas at Dallas, the only public university located in the city limits of Dallas, and the University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, the only college in Texas that specializes in osteopathic medicine.

### University of Texas System

The University of Texas System, established by the Texas Constitution in 1883, consists of eight academic universities and six health institutions, with a seventh health institution to be established and a ninth academic institution to be added in the near future. UT System institutions enrolled a total of 182,752 students in fall 2004 making it one of the largest systems of higher education in the nation. In 2018, the system's flagship and largest institution, University of Texas at Austin, maintained an enrollment of 51,832 students. The University of Texas at Austin was once the largest institution in the United States, but it is now one of the top 10 largest by population. It is ranked as the 34th best global university by *U.S. News & World Report*. Seven doctoral programs at UT Austin rank in the top 10 in the nation and 22 degree programs rank in the top 25, according to a comprehensive study of the quality of graduate schools conducted by the United States National Research Council. Six of the 12 medical schools of Texas are within the University of Texas System. In 2004, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas was ranked the 12th highest ranking medical school in the United States, with four of Texas's 11 Nobel laureates.

Stephen F. Austin State University in Nacogdoches, which operates one of two schools of forestry and the only one in the state's main timber-producing region of East Texas, joined the University of Texas System in 2023.

### Texas A&M University System

The Texas A&M University System, established by the 1871 Texas legislature, is the largest state university system of higher learning in Texas. Its flagship institution, Texas A&M University located in College Station, opened in 1876, is the state's oldest public institution of higher education, and, at over 62,000 students, has the largest student enrollment in the state of Texas. As opposed to the University of Texas System, which is primarily focused in urban centers, the Texas A&M System generally serves rural areas of the state.

Prairie View A&M University is a historically black university located in Prairie View, Texas (northwest of Houston) and is a member of the Texas A&M University System. PVAMU offers baccalaureate degrees in 50 academic majors, 37 master's degrees and four doctoral degree programs through nine colleges and schools. Founded in 1876, Prairie View A&M University is the second oldest state-sponsored institution of higher education in Texas.

### Texas State University System

The Texas State University System, created in 1911 to oversee the state's normal schools (teachers' colleges), is the oldest multi-system University System in Texas. The system is the only one of the six Texas state university systems to be a horizontal system: it does not have a flagship institution and considers every campus to be unique in its own way. Over the years, several member schools have been moved to other university systems. Today, the system encompasses seven institutions; Texas State University, located halfway between Austin and San Antonio in San Marcos, Texas, is the largest university in the system with an enrollment of 38,694 students. Lamar University located in Beaumont, Texas and previously in its own system, joined the TSUS in 1995. It boast an enrollment of 14,384 students as of spring 2010 and is most notable for its highly respected engineering program. Sam Houston State University located in Huntsville, Texas is the 2nd largest university in the TSUS with 18,478 students and is home to one of the world's largest and best Criminal Justice Programs.

### Texas Tech University System

The Texas Tech University System was established in 1996, though the system's oldest institution, was founded in 1923. The system comprises four separate universities, of which two are academic institutions: Angelo State University and Texas Tech University, and two are health institutions: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, and Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso.

Texas Tech University, founded as Texas Technological College in 1923, is the system's flagship institution located in Lubbock. The institution originally comprised only four schools: Agriculture, Engineering, Home Economics, and Liberal Arts. Today, the university includes eleven academic colleges, a graduate school and a school of law. The campus in Lubbock is shared with the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center.

In 1969, a separate university named the Texas Tech University School of Medicine (now Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC)), was founded as a multi-campus institution with Lubbock as the administrative center and with regional campuses at Amarillo, El Paso, and Odessa. The university was expanded to include nursing, pharmacy, and allied health sciences programs in 1979. The university has expanded to include campuses in Abilene, and Dallas.

In 2007, Angelo State University joined the Texas Tech University System leaving the Texas State University System, which it had been a member of since 1975.

On May 18, 2013, the former branch campus of TTUHSC in El Paso was established as the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso (TTUHSC El Paso) a separate university from TTUHSC with schools of medicine and nursing.

On August 6, 2020, the Texas Tech University System and Midwestern State University agreed to a memorandum of understanding to begin the process of MSU Texas becoming the fifth university to join the system. The process was completed on June 8, 2021, when Governor Greg Abbott signed HB 1522 into law.

### Texas Woman's University System

On May 26, 2021, Texas Woman's University was established as the Texas Woman's University system according to a bill signed into law by Governor Greg Abbott This law headquarters the system in Denton and allows the former Dallas and Houston Centers to become autonomous campuses.

### Independent universities

* Texas Southern University in Houston is unaffiliated with any of the seven systems. Texas Southern is the only historically black university in Texas to house a law and pharmacy school and one of only two public historically black universities in the state. Texas Southern was also the first state-supported institution in the city of Houston.

### Texas State Technical College System

The state also operates the Texas State Technical College System, a group of two-year technical colleges located throughout the state. System headquarters are co-located with the flagship campus in Waco.

### Community colleges

Several community colleges operate throughout the state of Texas. Although the state has established territorial jurisdictions for each college, the colleges themselves are governed by local boards of trustees, and are financed mainly through local property taxes.

The taxing area and the jurisdiction are not necessarily the same in all cases. As an example, the jurisdiction of North Central Texas College includes the counties of Cooke, Denton, and Montague, but only Cooke County property is subject to the property tax assessment. On the other hand, the jurisdiction and tax base for Tarrant County College are the same: Tarrant County.

## Private colleges and universities

### Austin area

Institutions of higher education include Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Concordia University Texas, Huston–Tillotson University, St. Edward's University, the Seminary of the Southwest, the Acton School of Business, Austin Graduate School of Theology, Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Virginia College's Austin Campus, The Art Institute of Austin, and a branch of Park University.

### Central Texas (excluding Austin)

Baylor University, chartered in 1845 by the Republic of Texas, is the oldest university in Texas operating under its original charter. Baylor University purports to be the largest Baptist university in the world, having an enrollment of over 14,000 students. Baylor is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and is a member of the Association of Southern Baptist Colleges and Schools. The 735-acre (2.97 km<sup>2</sup>) campus is located just southeast of downtown Waco, roughly bounded by Interstate 35, Speight Avenue, Eighth Street and the Brazos River.

Howard Payne University is a Christian university in Brownwood, Texas.

Hardin-Simmons University, McMurry University, and Abilene Christian University are Christian universities in Abilene, Texas.

The University of Mary Hardin–Baylor is a Christian university in Belton, Texas.

Southwestern University is a private university in Georgetown, Texas. Southwestern is the oldest university that was established on Texas land, but it was founded as several different universities from 1840 - 1865 and did not become Southwestern University until 1873, when the charters of these universities were revitalized and merged into one university.

### Dallas–Fort Worth area

The Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex is home to several private universities such as Paul Quinn College, University of Dallas, Texas Wesleyan University, Texas Christian University, Dallas Baptist University, and Southern Methodist University.

#### Austin College

Austin College is a private liberal arts college affiliated with the Presbyterian Church USA and located in Sherman, Texas, an hour north of Dallas. Chartered in November 1849, it is the oldest college in Texas under original charter and name as recognized by the State Historical Survey Committee. The school is named after Texas hero Stephen F. Austin, who along with his sister Emily, deeded 1,500 acres (6 km<sup>2</sup>) of land to the college. Another important figure in Texas history, Sam Houston, served on the original board of trustees for the school. *U.S. News & World Report* ranked Austin College among the top 100 colleges in the category of "Best Liberal Arts Colleges" for 2006. Austin College also ranked among the "Best 361 Colleges" in the *2006 Princeton Review*, was profiled in Loren Pope's *Colleges That Change Lives*, and was profiled in the 2005 edition of Kaplan's *Unbiased Guide to the 331 Most Interesting Colleges*. Austin College is also ninth on the *U.S. News'* 2006 list for "most students studying abroad." It is a member of the International 50, a group of the top colleges in the nation for international focus.

### Houston area

Houston is the location of Rice University, which boasts a substantial financial endowment. The small undergraduate student body has one of the highest percentages of National Merit Scholarship winners in the United States. Rice University maintains a variety of research facilities and laboratories.

The University of St. Thomas is a liberal arts college in Houston. It was founded by the Basilian Order in 1947 as a Roman Catholic university. Former UST President Archbishop J. Michael Miller currently serves in the Roman Curia as the prefect of Catholic universities throughout the world. The campus is also home to some major historic buildings, such as the Link-Lee Mansion (once the largest house in Texas) and Hughes House (the childhood home of Howard Hughes).

Houston Christian University is a Baptist university founded in 1960 that enrolls approximately 3,500 students.

### Panhandle area

Lubbock Christian University is a Christian university in Lubbock, Texas.

Wayland Baptist University is a private university affiliated with the Baptist church and is located in Plainview, Texas. In addition to the main campus in Plainview, Wayland maintains campuses in Amarillo, Lubbock, San Antonio, and Wichita Falls in Texas, It also maintains campuses out of Texas in Albuquerque, NM; Altus, OK; Anchorage, AK; Clovis, NM; Fairbanks, AK; Mililani, HI; Phoenix, AZ; and Sierra Vista, AZ. Several of the campuses have satellite locations in other cities in their area and on many of the military bases nearby. The university also offers courses in American Samoa, Kenya, and on-line. In 2016, Wayland began offering their first doctorate program, a Doctor of Management degree.

### San Antonio area

Private universities in the area are Trinity University, St. Mary's University, University of the Incarnate Word, Texas Lutheran University, and Our Lady of the Lake University.

## Presidential libraries

Texas has three presidential libraries: the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum at The University of Texas at Austin, the George Bush Presidential Library at Texas A&M University, and the George W. Bush Presidential Center at Southern Methodist University.

## Medical research

Texas is home to several research medical centers. The state has 12 allopathic medical schools, three osteopathic medical schools, four dental schools, and two optometry schools. Texas has two Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories: one at The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) in Galveston, and the other at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research in San Antoniothe first privately owned BSL-4 lab in the United States.

The Texas Medical Center, in Houston, is the world's largest concentration of research and healthcare institutions, with 45 member institutions in the Texas Medical Center. More heart transplants are performed at Texas Medical Center than anywhere else in the world. San Antonio's South Texas Medical Center facilities rank sixth in clinical medicine research impact in the United States. The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center is one of the world's highly regarded academic institutions devoted to cancer patient care, research, education and prevention.

## Texas Digital Library

The Texas Digital Library is a consortium of institutions of higher education in the state of Texas. The consortium provides an infrastructure for scholarly activity of its members. Support currently includes an Electronic Theses and Dissertations system and Institutional Repository support.

## Further reading

* Berger, Max. "Stephen F. Austin and Education in Early Texas, 1821–1835." *Southwestern Historical Quarterly* 48 (January 1948): 387–394 online.
* Cashion, Ty. *Pigskin pulpit: A social history of Texas high school football coaches* (Texas State Historical Assoc., 1998).
* Cottrell, Debbie Mauldin. *Pioneer Woman Educator: The Progressive Spirit of Annie Webb Blanton* (Texas A&M University Press, 1993)
* Eby, Frederick. *Development of education in Texas* (1925) online, a standard scholarly history
* Moore, George W. et al. "High School Students and Their Lack of Preparedness for College: A Statewide Study." *Education & Urban Society.* (Nov 2010), Vol. 42 Issue 7, pp. 817–838.
* Preuss, Gene B. "Public education comes of age." in *Twentieth-Century Texas: A Social and Cultural History,* edited by John W. Storey and Mary L. Kelley, (2008) pp: 358–386. online
* Preuss, Gene B. *To Get a Better School System : One Hundred Years of Education Reform in Texas* (Texas A&M University Press, 2009) online
* Sand, Thad, and Milam C. Rowold. *Ringing the Children In: Texas Country Schools* (Texas A&M University Press. 1987) summary
* Shine, Kenneth I., and Amy Shaw Thomas. *Paths to Excellence: The Dell Medical School and Medical Education in Texas* (U of Texas Press, 2022).

### Ethnicity and race

* Blanton, Carlos Kevin. *The strange career of bilingual education in Texas, 1836-1981* (Texas A&M University Press, 2007) online
* Crouch, Barry A. *The Freedmen's Bureau and Black Texans.* (1992).
* Heilig, Julian Vasquez; et al. "Immigrant DREAMs: English Learners, the Texas 10% Admissions Plan, and College Academic Success." *Journal of Latinos & Education* (2011), Vol. 10 Issue 2, pp. 106–126.
* Hornsby, Alton Jr. "The Freedmen's Bureau Schools in Texas, 1865–1870." *Southwestern Historical Quarterly* 76 (April 1973): 397–417.
* Hurd, Michael. *Thursday night lights: the story of black high school football in Texas* (University of Texas Press, 2019).
* Kellar, William Henry. *Make haste slowly : moderates, conservatives, and school desegregation in Houston* (1999) online
* Ladino, Robyn Duff. *Desegregating Texas Schools: Eisenhower, Shivers, and the Crisis at Mansfield High* (University of Texas Press, 1996)
* Rice, Lawrence D. *The Negro in Texas, 1874–1900* (1971), pp 209–239.
* San Miguel, Guadalupe. *Brown, not white: School integration and the Chicano movement in Houston* (Texas A&M University Press, 2005) online.
* Shabazz, Amilcar. *Advancing Democracy: African Americans and the Struggle for Access and Equity in Higher Education in Texas* (University of North Carolina Press, 2004);
* Tajalli, Hassan; and Marta Ortiz. "An examination of Hispanic college enrollment and graduation: Has the Texas Closing the Gaps plan been successful?" *Journal of Latinos & Education* (Oct-Dec 2018), Vol. 17 Issue 4, pp. 330–343.
* Valencia, Richard R. "Inequalities and the Schooling of Minority Students in Texas: Historical and Contemporary Conditions" *Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences* (Nov 2000, Vol. 22 Issue 4, p445-459.

### Primary sources

* Clegg, Luther Bryan, ed. *The empty schoolhouse: Memories of one-room Texas schools* (Texas A&M University Press, 1997) online.


title: Andrea Bramhall

abstract: Andrea Bramhall is a British writer. Her novel Clean Slate won the Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Romance. She's also been a finalist for the Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Romance twice and Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Mystery twice.

text:
# Andrea Bramhall

**Andrea Bramhall** (born 26 January 1979) is a British writer. Her novel *Clean Slate* won the Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Romance. She's also been a finalist for the Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Romance twice and Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Mystery twice.

## Biography

Bramhall was born in Stockport, England, though she currently lives in Norfolk with her partner.

Bramhill received a Bachelor of Arts in Contemporary Arts from Manchester Metropolitan University in 2002.

## Awards

Awards for Bramhall's writing
| Year | Title | Award | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 | *Ladyfish* | Alice B. Lavender Certificate | Recipient |  |
| | | Rainbow Award for Debut Lesbian Novel | Finalist |  |
| 2014 | *Clean Slate* | Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Romance | **Winner** |  |
| 2015 | *Nightingale* | Goldie Award for Traditional Contemporary Romance | **Winner** |  |
| | | Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Romance | Finalist |  |
| 2016 | *The Chameleon’s Tale* | Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Romance | Finalist |  |
| 2017 | *Collide-O-Scope* | Goldie Award for Mystery/Thriller | Finalist |  |
| | | Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Mystery | Finalist |  |
| 2018 | *The Last First Time* | Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Mystery | Finalist |  |
| | *Rock and a Hard Place* | Goldie Award for Contemporary Romance (Long Novels) | Finalist |  |

## Publications

* *Clean Slate* (2013)
* *Nightingale* (2014)
* *The Chameleon's Tale* (2015)
* *Just My Luck* (2016)
* *Rock and a Hard Place* (2017)
* *Lost for Words* (2018)

### Finnsbury series

* *Ladyfish* (2012)
* *Swordfish* (2015)

### Norfolk Coast Investigation series

* *Collide-O-Scope* (2016)
* *Under Parr* (2017)
* *The Last First Time* (2017)

### Anthology contributions

* *L Is For: A UK Lesfic Anthology*, edited by Jayne Fereday (2014)
* *Language of Love*, edited by Astrid Ohletz and Lee Winter (2018)


title: Andrea Bowen

abstract: Andrea Bowen is an American actress. She began her career appearing on Broadway musicals such as Les Misérables and The Sound of Music. In 2004, she began playing the role of Julie Mayer on the ABC comedy-drama series Desperate Housewives, a role she played on a regular basis until 2008. She later appeared on a recurring basis until the show ended in 2012. Bowen later went on to star in a number of Lifetime television movies.

text:
# Andrea Bowen

**Andrea Bowen** (born March 4, 1990) is an American actress. She began her career appearing on Broadway musicals such as *Les Misérables* and *The Sound of Music*. In 2004, she began playing the role of Julie Mayer on the ABC comedy-drama series *Desperate Housewives*, a role she played on a regular basis until 2008. She later appeared on a recurring basis until the show ended in 2012. Bowen later went on to star in a number of Lifetime television movies.

## Life and career

### Early life

Bowen was born on March 4, 1990. Bowen is of Welsh, English, and German descent. She is the younger sister of Graham Bowen, Alex Bowen, Cameron Bowen, Jessica Bowen, and Jillian Bowen (who are also actors). Bowen briefly attended the Professional Performing Arts School in New York alongside best friend Sarah Hyland.

She made her Broadway debut in 1996 as Young Cosette/Young Éponine in *Les Misérables*. At six, she was the youngest actress ever to play the role. From 1996 to 2001 Bowen was a consistent presence on Broadway. She appeared in the original company of the 1998 revival of *The Sound of Music* as Marta von Trapp, and created the role of Adèle in the musical version of *Jane Eyre* in 2000. She returned to *The Sound of Music* in 2006 for the Hollywood Bowl production, this time playing Liesl. Bowen was also a member of The Broadway Kids concert group. Several of Bowen's siblings have also been heavily involved in musical theatre, performing roles in various other Broadway shows.

Bowen has also had recurring or guest starring roles on such shows as *One Tree Hill* (with friend Sophia Bush), *Boston Public* and *Law & Order: Special Victims Unit*.

### *Desperate Housewives*

From 2004 to 2012, Bowen portrayed Julie Mayer on *Desperate Housewives*. Prior to being cast in the role, Bowen did not think she would get it, explaining "they were looking for a 12-year-old brunette ... and I was a 13-year-old blonde." As a result, Bowen was asked to dye her hair for the role. Bowen was initially attracted to the series because of the amount of attention paid to the younger characters. She stated, "If you watch a lot of other television shows, the kids don't have that much \[of a\] part in it. On this show, the writers give us each our own individual storylines that have a lot of layers to them." For season three, the character's storylines began revolving around themes of teenage rebellion and angst. Bowen commented: "She’s going to have, you know, primarily one love interest, and he’s a bit of a bad boy. We’re going to see if she has a positive effect on him, or if he has a negative effect on her. I’m definitely very excited about it ... because you kind of get to see a different side to her." Her character was written off the series after season four. Teri Hatcher expressed disappointment in the decision, but series creator Marc Cherry promised that Bowen would return to the series. Bowen returned to the series for one episode during season five and rejoined the main cast as a series regular for season six. She appeared once in season seven and returned for a string of episodes in the final season.

In the 2006 film *Red Riding Hood*, she appears as one of "The Three Ashleys". Also that year, she played the role of Candace in the esoteric adventure film *Eye of the Dolphin*. She also starred in the Lifetime Original film *Girl, Positive*, an experience that allowed her to help spread the message among youth that "HIV is something you can protect yourself from."

### Later years

After leaving *Desperate Housewives*, Bowen guest starred on *The Closer*, *Ghost Whisperer*, *Hawaii Five-0* and *Scandal*. She found work playing leading roles in a number of television movies for Lifetime and Hallmark. Her films include *After the Fall* (2010), *The Preacher's Daughter* (2013), *Zoe Gone* (2014), *Under Fire* (2016), *Pretty Little Addict* (2016) and *A Family for the Holidays* (2017). In 2013, she went to star in a teen comedy film *G.B.F.*. She is currently engaged to former Desperate Housewives co-star Josh Zuckerman, with their wedding set for August 2024.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1996 | *New York Crossing* | Child | Television film |
| 1997 | *Highball* | Witch, Fairy |  |
| 2004 | *Luckey's Quarter* | Patsy | Short film |
| 2004 | *Party Wagon* | Billie Bartley / Manifest Destiny (voice) | Television film |
| 2006 | *Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children* | Moogle Girl (voice) | English version |
| 2006 | *Bambi II* | Faline (voice) | Direct-to-video |
| 2006 | *Red Riding Hood* | Ashley #2 |  |
| 2006 | *Eye of the Dolphin* | Candace |  |
| 2007 | *Girl, Positive* | Rachel Sandler | Television film |
| 2010 | *After the Fall* | Jenna Danville | Television film |
| 2012 | *Twinkle Toes* | Pretty Tall (voice) | Direct-to-video |
| 2012 | *Divorce Invitation* | Melanie |  |
| 2013 | *The Preacher's Daughter* | Hannah White | Television film |
| 2013 | *G.B.F.* | 'Shley |  |
| 2013 | *Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters* |  | Voice artist |
| 2013 | *Stoker* |  | Voice artist |
| 2014 | *Zoe Gone* | Tammy Roberts |  |
| 2016 | *Who Killed My Husband?* | Sophie Howell | Television film |
| 2016 | *Pretty Little Addict* | Jennifer Philips | Television film |
| 2017 | *Jonny's Sweet Revenge* | Nikki |  |
| 2017 | *A Winter Wedding* | Hailey Reynolds |  |
| 2020 | *Psycho Sister-In-Law* | Haley Downes | Television film |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1996–1997 | *Law & Order* | Rankin Toddler, Bess | 2 episodes |
| 2001 | *Law & Order: Special Victims Unit* | Sophie Douglas | Episode: "Countdown" |
| 2001 | *Third Watch* | Rachel | Episode: "Adam 55-3" |
| 2002 | *Arliss* | Ginny | Episode: "In with the News" |
| 2002 | *That Was Then* | Zooey Glass | 7 episodes |
| 2003 | *Boston Public* | Riley Ellis | 3 episodes |
| 2003 | *One Tree Hill* | Stella | Episode: "With Arms Outstretched" (deleted scenes only) |
| 2003 | *Strong Medicine* | Sara Buck | Episode: "Seize the Day" |
| 2004–2012 | *Desperate Housewives* | Julie Mayer | Main Role (Season 1-)
Recurring Role (Season 5-); 95 episodes |
| 2006–2007, 2009 | *King of the Hill* | Sandy, Teen Girl (voice) | 3 episodes |
| 2005 | *Without a Trace* | Becky Grolnick | Episode: "A Day in the Life" |
| 2008 | *The Closer* | Michelle Clark | Episode: "Cherry Bomb" |
| 2009 | *Ghost Whisperer* | Rebecca Kelly | Episode: "Greek Tragedy" |
| 2010 | *Batman: The Brave and the Bold* | Talia al Ghul (voice) | Episode: "Sidekicks Assemble!" |
| 2011 | *Hawaii Five-0* | Amy / Pauline Lucero | Episode: "Ho'ohuli Na'au" |
| 2012 | *The Secret Life of the American Teenager* | Jackie | Episode: "Allies" |
| 2013 | *Scandal* | Maybell Doyle | Episode: "Snake in the Garden" |
| 2021 | *Station 19* | Amy | Episode: "All I Want for Christmas Is You" |

### Video games

| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | *The Longest Journey* | Young April, Alatien Child | English version |  |
| 2003 | *The Cat in the Hat* | Sally |  |  |
| 2008 | *Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII* | Aerith Gainsborough | English version |  |
| 2011 | *Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy* | Aerith Gainsborough | English version |  |
| 2016 | *Final Fantasy Explorers* | Aerith Gainsborough | English version, Archived audio |  |
| 2019 | *Mobius Final Fantasy* | Aerith Gainsborough | English version |  |
| 2020 | *Kingdom Hearts III Re Mind* | Aerith Gainsborough | English version |  |

## Discography

* *The Night of the Hunter,* concept album
* *The Sound of Music* original Broadway revival cast recording, 1998
* *Jane Eyre* original Broadway cast recording, 2001
* *Sugar Beats*
* *The Broadway Kids*
* *Preachers Daughter (2011)*

## Awards

Bowen has 3 wins and 4 nominations

Interviews

## InfoBox

| Andrea Bowen | |
| --- | --- |
| Bowen in 2009 | |
| Born | (1990-03-04) March 4, 1990
Columbus, Ohio, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1996–present |


title: Eduardo Betancourt

abstract: Eduardo Betancourt is a Venezuelan harpist from Caracas and one of the most recognized interpreters of Arpa llanera. He generally uses Camac Harps in his contemporary and traditional interpretations. He has played as a soloist and as a member of the bands of artists like Huáscar Barradas, Simón Díaz, Ilan Chester, Rafael "Pollo" Brito and Gilberto Santa Rosa. He won the Latin Grammy in 2010 with the Album "Tesoros de la Música Venezolana" and was nominated in 2016 with the album "Pa' Tío Simón" with Rafael "Pollo" Brito. He is sponsored by the French harp luthiers Camac Harps and is a professor at the Harp School. In the past, Eduardo Betancourt also participated in teaching with El Sistema, helping design a method to teach how to play instruments of traditional Venezuelan music.

text:
# Eduardo Betancourt

**Eduardo Betancourt** (born 1976) is a Venezuelan harpist from Caracas and one of the most recognized interpreters of Arpa llanera. He generally uses Camac Harps in his contemporary and traditional interpretations. He has played as a soloist and as a member of the bands of artists like Huáscar Barradas, Simón Díaz, Ilan Chester, Rafael "Pollo" Brito and Gilberto Santa Rosa. He won the Latin Grammy in 2010 with the Album "Tesoros de la Música Venezolana" and was nominated in 2016 with the album "Pa' Tío Simón" with Rafael "Pollo" Brito. He is sponsored by the French harp luthiers Camac Harps and is a professor at the Harp School. In the past, Eduardo Betancourt also participated in teaching with El Sistema, helping design a method to teach how to play instruments of traditional Venezuelan music.

1. Eduardo Betancourt: Venezuelan Harp, from Traditional to Contemporary at Berklee College of Music Eduardo Betancourt: Venezuelan Harp, from Traditional to Contemporary | Berklee

1. Chacón, Eudomar. "Eduardo Betancourt, un arpista tan versátil como su instrumento" (in Spanish), Venezuela Analitica, February 9, 2018.

2. El Planeta Boston Eduardo Betancourt: "El arpa no tiene límites"

3. Les Harpes Camac France, Eduardo Betancourt and the Venezuelan Project

4. Arpista venezolano presentará su nuevo disco en East Boston


title: Anything Anything with Rich Russo

abstract: Anything Anything with Rich Russo is a weekly two-hour freeform radio program that airs on Sunday nights at 9 pm in the New York City market. The program's weekly playlists range from deep tracks of known artists, punk, non-album b-sides, bubblegum pop, TV themes, jazz, blues, country, novelty and unsigned local artists. Dramarama's "Anything, Anything" is the theme song and the Live at the China Club version begins 99% of the shows. The show has world premiered tracks by Bruce Springsteen, Green Day, and Tegan and Sara. fun.'s "We Are Young" had its first airing in October 2011 on Anything Anything with Rich Russo. The show has also had numerous guests including Andrew WK, Joan Jett, Mike Ness, Brandon Flowers, Jim James of My Morning Jacket, The Buried Life, Darryl "DMC" McDaniels, Girl in a Coma, Little Steven Van Zandt, Alejandro Escovedo, Steel Train, The Bangles, Urge Overkill, The Smithereens, Jesse Malin, Paul Collins, Garland Jeffreys, Lucero and Prima Donna.

text:
# Anything Anything with Rich Russo

***Anything Anything with Rich Russo*** is a weekly two-hour freeform radio program that airs on Sunday nights at 9 pm in the New York City market. The program's weekly playlists range from deep tracks of known artists, punk, non-album b-sides, bubblegum pop, TV themes, jazz, blues, country, novelty and unsigned local artists. Dramarama's "Anything, Anything (I'll Give You)" is the theme song and the *Live at the China Club* version begins 99% of the shows (occasionally an acoustic or piano version is played). The show has world premiered tracks by Bruce Springsteen, Green Day, and Tegan and Sara. fun.'s "We Are Young" had its first airing in October 2011 on *Anything Anything with Rich Russo*. The show has also had numerous guests including Andrew WK, Joan Jett, Mike Ness, Brandon Flowers, Jim James of My Morning Jacket, The Buried Life, Darryl "DMC" McDaniels, Girl in a Coma, Little Steven Van Zandt, Alejandro Escovedo, Steel Train, The Bangles, Urge Overkill, The Smithereens, Jesse Malin, Paul Collins, Garland Jeffreys, Lucero and Prima Donna.

## Broadcast history

The show began on November 9, 2008, on WRXP. Upon their sale and format switch in July 2011, the show moved to WXPK-FM on September 25, 2011.

Russo also hosts and curates The Jersey Guy Does Jersey on Sirius/XM's Little Steven's Underground Garage and also the Midnight Malfeasance on the same channel.

## Influences

Host Rich Russo cites as his influences the following radio personalities and shows:

## Notable on-air events

August 30, 2009 Brandon Flowers of The Killers calls in and gives the show an exclusive live version of "A Dustland Fairytale" to play on the air.

February 28, 2010 Andrew WK was a guest in studio for the first ever extended broadcast of the show.

May 15, 2011, Darryl DMC McDaniels was a guest on the show. Rich read Sara Quin's entire letter about Tyler the Creator and there was spirited dialogue that followed.

October 9, 2011, As a tribute to the passing of Steve Jobs, Rich played only songs that began with the word "I"

October 21, 2012, For John Wesley Harding's birthday Rich played an hour of his music

July 28, 2013, As a tribute to Hoboken Music Venue Maxwell's closing, Rich only played songs that were recorded live at the club on his WDHA show

Every Super Bowl Sunday since 2011, Dr. Demento serves as the co-host for a special all novelty edition show.

## Notable off-air events

As an extension of the radio show, Russo began doing events with local unsigned bands on Staten Island, which then led to events in Brooklyn and New Jersey and then New York City.

An Anything Anything show at Santos Party House drew over 700 people for a group of unsigned bands and featured a guest appearance by Andrew WK for the encore.

Russo also hosted a series of residency shows with Jesse Malin at Bowery Electric. Every show in the concert series sold out and featured guests including Billie Joe Armstrong from Green Day, Moby, and Eugene Hutz from Gogol Bordello

Anything Anything was given the exclusive on both Foxboro Hot Tubs (Green Day) shows to announce, promote and give away tickets.

A special secret show was held to celebrate Alejandro Escovedo's appearance on Letterman; it sold out immediately and was featured in a write up in Rolling Stone by David Fricke.

November 2010, the Anything Anything 2nd Anniversary Show was featured in the gossip pages of the Daily News (due to Lady Gaga, Madonna and Joan Jett being in attendance).

For Record store day 2010, a special limited edition of 500 copies of live performances from the Anything Anything radio show featuring all unsigned local acts, sold 468 copies in one day and was the 68th best selling album of the week in the NY Market. There was an Anything Anything bus tour visiting local record stores that day and received local TV coverage. 100% of the profits of the record went directly to the record stores.

Russo serves as emcee with Vincent Pastore of the annual Light of Day concerts in Asbury Park, NJ where he has brought Bruce Springsteen on stage on two different occasions.

Russo also served as emcee with Vincent Pastore and Maureen Van Zandt at Little Kids Rock Benefit at Hammerstein Ballroom on October 20, 2014, performers included Joan Jett, Alice Cooper, Cheap Trick, Billie Joe Armstrong, Mike Ness, Darlene Love, Jake Clemons, Tommy James and Brody Dalle,

The Anything Anything 4th Anniversary Party with Social Distortion at Starland Ballroom was cancelled due to Hurricane Sandy.

The Anything Anything 5th Anniversary Party with Tegan and Sara, Willie Nile and Plastiq Passion was on September 27, 2013, at Starland Ballroom.

The Anything Anything 6th Anniversary Party Part 1 with Social Distortion, The Whigs and Jonny Two Bags was September 4, 2014, at Starland Ballroom.

The Anything Anything 6th Anniversary Party Part 2 With Joan Jett and the Blackhearts and Jesse Malin was October 11, 2014, at the Count Basie Theatre.

The Anything Anything 8th Anniversary Party Part 1 with Lucero, Cory Branan and was October 21, 2016, at the House of Independents, Asbury Park

The Anything Anything 8th Anniversary Party Part 2 with David Cassidy, The Battery Electric and Hell Yeah Babies was October 27, 2016, at the Count Basie Theatre

## Reception and reviews

Rich was voted the best DJ in the October 19–25, 2011 Village Voice Best of NYC Issue

> "Anything Anything has the kind of creative freedom that is unrivaled on mainstream radio -- no mandated playlist, ever. Rich has complete control over the music he plays and the result is a free form show that recalls radio's glory days of the 70's - raw, gutsy, opinionated, fun. Anything, Anything was also a huge ratings success in an era when terrestrial radio seems to be on its last legs. When the show started three years ago, Russo was a completely unknown underdog, up against established shows on huge radio stations in the biggest radio market in the world -- New York City. Through guerrilla marketing he built the brand into a roaring success, becoming a Sunday night ratings juggernaut by the time the station folded." – Holly Cara Price, *The Huffington Post*

> "The third floor of Russo's home is the scientist's lab, the place where he transfers songs from vinyl to CD, then to iPod, and ultimately, onto the set list for his shows. He makes lists, listens to them as he travels around, adding and deleting to best manage the mood. Among the white boxes of tunes, the built-in shelves that contain more music, Russo sits at a simple office chair, swiveling to propel him into the area where he knows particular songs can be found. Resting in a cradle is one of Springsteen's guitars, with the inscription, "To Rich, Thanks," and the Boss's signature. In the corner by the turntables, a cutout of Elvis — Costello, this time — watches eagerly with a "put me in, coach" look — as Russo builds his set." – David Chmiel, *The Cranford Patch*

> "Tegan and Sara headlined a bill that accurately reflected Russo's eclectic tastes: a pinch of imaginative homegrown talent, a solid block of meat-and-potatoes, Springsteen-style guitar rock, and pure new-wave ear candy." - Tris McCall, *The Star Ledger*

## InfoBox

Anything Anything with Rich Russo
| Genre | Music show |
| --- | --- |
| Running time | 2 hours per episode, weekly |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Home station | 107.1 The Peak |
| Created by | Rich Russo |
| Original release | November 9, 2008 (2008-11-09) |


title: Endoceras

abstract: Endoceras is an extinct genus of large, straight shelled cephalopods that gives its name to the Nautiloid order Endocerida. The genus lived during the middle and upper Ordovician 470 to 443 million years ago. The cross section in the mature portion is slightly wider than high, but is narrower laterally in the young. Sutures are straight and transverse. Endoceras has a large siphuncle, located close to the ventral margin, composed of concave segments, especially in the young but which may be tubular in the adult stage. Endocones are simple, subcircular in cross section, and penetrated by a narrow tube which may contain diaphragms reminiscent of the Ellesmerocerid ancestor. Endoceras was named by Hall in 1847. Distribution is widespread, especially in North America and Europe; and fossils have been found in Australia. Endoceras is similar to Cameroceras, the two may be synonymous, but differs from the genus Nanno in that the siphuncle in Nanno fills the entire apical portion of the shell while in Endoceras the siphuncle is ventral even there with septa formed at the onset. Mature, full grown, Endoceras were most likely ambush predators that lay in wait on the sea floor, moving when necessary to gain the advantage. Younger individuals with compressed cross sections may have been more actively mobile.

text:
# Endoceras

***Endoceras*** (Ancient Greek for "inner horn") is an extinct genus of large, straight shelled cephalopods that gives its name to the Nautiloid order Endocerida. The genus lived during the middle and upper Ordovician 470 to 443 million years ago. The cross section in the mature portion is slightly wider than high, but is narrower laterally in the young. Sutures are straight and transverse. *Endoceras* has a large siphuncle, located close to the ventral margin, composed of concave segments, especially in the young but which may be tubular in the adult stage. Endocones are simple, subcircular in cross section, and penetrated by a narrow tube which may contain diaphragms reminiscent of the Ellesmerocerid ancestor.

*Endoceras* was named by Hall in 1847. Distribution is widespread, especially in North America and Europe; and fossils have been found in Australia. *Endoceras* is similar to *Cameroceras*, the two may be synonymous, but differs from the genus *Nanno* in that the siphuncle in *Nanno* fills the entire apical portion of the shell while in *Endoceras* the siphuncle is ventral even there with septa formed at the onset.

Mature, full grown, *Endoceras* were most likely ambush predators that lay in wait on the sea floor, moving when necessary to gain the advantage. Younger individuals with compressed cross sections may have been more actively mobile.

## Size

A specimen of *Endoceras giganteum* at the Museum of Comparative Zoology measures 3 meters (9.8 feet) as preserved. The most recent estimate puts its complete size at approximately 5.73 meters (18.8 feet). This would make it the largest cephalopod by length in the fossil record. There is additionally an unconfirmed report of a 9.1-meter (30-foot) shell that was destroyed.

## InfoBox

| *Endoceras*
Temporal range: M-U Ordovician | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Specimens in Milan | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Cephalopoda |
| Subclass: | Nautiloidea |
| Order: | Endocerida |
| Family: | Endoceratidae |
| Genus: | *Endoceras*
Hall, 1847 |
|


title: Ards Upper

abstract: Ards Upper is a barony in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies on the southern half of the Ards Peninsula in the east of the county, with the Irish Sea to its east and Strangford Lough to its west. It is bordered by two other baronies: Ards Lower to the north; and Lecale Lower just across the mouth of Strangford Lough to the south. The barony of Ards Upper was created in 1851 when the barony of Ards was split into two, the other part being Ards Lower. The territory includes the lands of that part of the ancient barony of Ards known as Mid or Middle Ards, which is located in the north of Ards Upper.

text:
# Ards Upper

**Ards Upper** (named after the former barony of Ards) is a barony in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies on the southern half of the Ards Peninsula in the east of the county, with the Irish Sea to its east and Strangford Lough to its west. It is bordered by two other baronies: Ards Lower to the north; and Lecale Lower just across the mouth of Strangford Lough to the south.

The barony of Ards Upper was created in 1851 when the barony of Ards was split into two, the other part being Ards Lower. The territory includes the lands of that part of the ancient barony of Ards known as Mid or Middle Ards, which is located in the north of Ards Upper.

## List of settlements

Below is a list of settlements in Ards Upper:

### Towns

### Villages

## List of civil parishes

Below is a list of civil parishes in Ards Upper:

## InfoBox

| Ards Upper *An Aird Uachtarach* (Irish) | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Ards Upper, County Down, Northern Ireland. | |
| Coordinates: 54°27′18.00″N 5°30′21.92″W / 54.4550000°N 5.5060889°W / 54.4550000; -5.5060889 | |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Country | Northern Ireland |
| County | Down |


title: Elliot Williams

abstract: Elliot Jerell Williams is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball for Duke and Memphis. He was selected with the 22nd overall pick in the 2010 NBA draft by the Portland Trail Blazers.

text:
# Elliot Williams

**Elliot Jerell Williams** (born June 20, 1989) is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball for Duke and Memphis. He was selected with the 22nd overall pick in the 2010 NBA draft by the Portland Trail Blazers.

## High school career

Considered a five-star recruit by Rivals.com, Williams was listed as the No. 3 shooting guard and the No. 16 player overall in the nation in 2008.

## College career

### Duke

For the Duke Blue Devils, Williams saw action in 34 of Duke's 37 games, starting in 12 contests, with 11 coming in the Blue Devils' final 12 games of the season (including ACC and NCAA tournaments), averaging 4.2 points and 2.3 rebounds per game. Williams also recorded 23 assists and 21 steals, and shot 44.1 percent from the field, 25 percent from the three-point arc, and 50 percent from the foul line, in helping lead Duke to a 30–7 overall record, an ACC Tournament crown, and an NCAA Tournament Sweet 16 appearance.

### Memphis

Williams received an NCAA waiver in August 2009, which allowed him to play immediately for the Memphis Tigers, for the 2009–10 season, after he played with the Duke Blue Devils during the 2008–09 season. With Memphis, Williams played in a total of 68 career games, with 46 starts, and averaged 11.1 points, 2.3 rebounds, and 2.2 assists per game.

## Professional career

### Portland Trail Blazers (2010–2013)

Williams was selected 22nd overall in the 2010 NBA draft by the Portland Trail Blazers. After playing in the preseason for the Trail Blazers, Williams missed the entire 2010–11 season due to a knee injury.

Williams also missed a significant portion of the 2011–12 NBA season after dislocating his shoulder during an early March practice. Williams had made 24 appearances over the course of the season, averaging 3.7 points per game.

Williams missed the entire 2012–13 season due to an Achilles tendon injury.

### Philadelphia 76ers (2013–2014)

In September 2013, Williams signed with the Cleveland Cavaliers. He was later waived on October 25. On November 20, 2013, Williams signed with the Philadelphia 76ers. On January 5, 2014, he was assigned to the Delaware 87ers. He was recalled the next day. On October 27, 2014, he was waived by the 76ers.

### Santa Cruz Warriors (2014–2015)

On November 1, 2014, Williams was selected by the Santa Cruz Warriors with the second overall pick in the 2014 NBA Development League Draft.

### Utah Jazz (2015)

On January 7, 2015, Williams signed a 10-day contract with the Utah Jazz. On January 17, he signed a second 10-day contract with the Jazz, but after the contract expired, the Jazz decided to not retain him.

### Return to Santa Cruz (2015)

Williams subsequently returned to Santa Cruz on January 27. On February 4, 2015, he was named to the Futures All-Star team for the 2015 NBA D-League All-Star Game. That same day, he signed a 10-day contract with the Charlotte Hornets. On February 10, he was waived by the Hornets before appearing in a game for them, and again returned to Santa Cruz.

### New Orleans Pelicans (2015)

On March 4, Williams signed a 10-day contract with the New Orleans Pelicans. On March 14, he signed a second 10-day contract with the Pelicans.

### Third stint with Santa Cruz (2015–2016)

Williams was not retained by the Pelicans following the expiration of his second 10-day contract on March 24, and subsequently returned to Santa Cruz two days later. On April 26, the Warriors claimed their first D-League championship as they defeated the Fort Wayne Mad Ants 2 games to 0. Along with his first D-League championship, Williams received the Finals MVP award.

On July 28, 2015, Williams signed with the Charlotte Hornets, returning to the team for a second stint. However, he was waived on October 23, after appearing in two preseason games. On November 12, he was reacquired by the Santa Cruz Warriors.

### Memphis Grizzlies (2016)

On January 8, 2016, Williams signed a 10-day contract with the Memphis Grizzlies. He made his Grizzlies' debut that night in a 91–84 win over the Denver Nuggets, recording two points in nine minutes of action. After the contract expired, the Grizzlies decided to not retain him.

### Fourth stint with Santa Cruz (2016)

On January 22, 2016, Williams returned to Santa Cruz. On January 29, he was named in the West All-Star team for the 2016 NBA D-League All-Star Game, earning his second straight All-Star nod.

### Panathinaikos (2016)

On February 9, 2016, Williams left Santa Cruz and signed with Greek club Panathinaikos. In 10 EuroLeague games, he averaged 13.1 points, 2.8 rebounds, 1.0 assists, and 0.6 steals, in 26.3 minutes per game. In 17 Greek Basket League games, he averaged 11.5 points, 2.1 rebounds, 1.8 assists, and 0.8 steals, in 21.4 minutes per game.

### Golden State Warriors (2016)

On September 16, 2016, Williams signed with the Golden State Warriors. However, he was later waived by the Warriors on October 20; he missed all six preseason games, due to right knee surgery.

## NBA career statistics

Legend
| GP | Games played | GS | Games started | MPG | Minutes per game |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| FG% | Field goal percentage | 3P% | 3-point field goal percentage | FT% | Free throw percentage |
| RPG | Rebounds per game | APG | Assists per game | SPG | Steals per game |
| BPG | Blocks per game | PPG | Points per game | **Bold** | Career high |

### Regular season

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011–12 | Portland | 24 | 0 | 6.2 | **.500** | .296 | .333 | .8 | .3 | .3 | **.1** | 3.7 |
| 2013–14 | Philadelphia | **67** | **2** | **17.3** | .415 | .296 | .731 | **1.9** | **1.1** | **.5** | .0 | **6.0** |
| 2014–15 | Utah | 5 | 0 | 8.4 | .462 | **.714** | .500 | .6 | .8 | .4 | .0 | 3.6 |
| 2014–15 | New Orleans | 8 | 0 | 9.6 | .333 | .273 | .000 | .6 | 1.0 | .3 | .0 | 2.4 |
| 2015–16 | Memphis | 5 | 0 | 9.0 | .200 | .250 | **.750** | .8 | .8 | .0 | .0 | 1.6 |
| **Career** | | 109 | 2 | 13.5 | .421 | .310 | .669 | 1.5 | .9 | .4 | .1 | 4.9 |

## InfoBox

Elliot Williams
| Williams (left) playing for Duke in 2009 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1989-06-20) June 20, 1989
Memphis, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Listed height | 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) |
| Listed weight | 190 lb (86 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school | St. George's Independent School
(Collierville, Tennessee) |
| College |  |
| NBA draft | 2010: 1st round, 22nd overall pick |
| Selected by the Portland Trail Blazers | |
| Playing career | 2010–2016 |
| Position | Shooting guard |
| Career history | |
| 20102013 | Portland Trail Blazers |
| 2013–2014 | Philadelphia 76ers |
| 2014 | Delaware 87ers |
| 2014–2015 | Santa Cruz Warriors |
| 2015 | Utah Jazz |
| 2015 | New Orleans Pelicans |
| 2015–2016 | Santa Cruz Warriors |
| 2016 | Memphis Grizzlies |
| 2016 | Panathinaikos |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Stats  at NBA.com | |
| Stats  at Basketball-Reference.com | |


title: Anaplectidae

abstract: Anaplectidae is a family of cockroaches in the order Blattodea. Previously placed as a subfamily of the Ectobiidae there are presently (2020) two genera and more than 90 described species in Anaplectidae.

text:
# Anaplectidae

**Anaplectidae** is a family of cockroaches in the order Blattodea. Previously placed as a subfamily of the Ectobiidae there are presently (2020) two genera and more than 90 described species in Anaplectidae.

## Genera

These two genera belong to the family Anaplectidae:

## InfoBox

| Anaplectidae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Anaplecta hemiscotia* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Blattodea |
| Superfamily: | Blattoidea |
| Epifamily: | Blattoidae |
| Family: | Anaplectidae<br>Walker, 1868 |
|


abstract: The 1992 World Juniors Track Cycling Championships were the 18th annual Junior World Championships for track cycling held in Athens, Greece in August 1992. The Championships had five events for men and two for women.

text:
# 1992 World Juniors Track Cycling Championships

The **1992 World Juniors Track Cycling Championships** were the 18th annual Junior World Championships for track cycling held in Athens, Greece in August 1992.

The Championships had five events for men (Sprint, Points race, Individual pursuit, Team pursuit and 1 kilometre time trial) and two for women (Individual pursuit and Sprint).

## Events

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Men's Events** | | | |
| Sprint
 | **Ivan Quaranta
Italy** | Serguei Bokhanisev
CIS | Florian Rousseau
France |
| Points race
 | **Bernard Panton
Australia** | Alexander Simonenko
CIS | Mirko Mariani
Italy |
| Individual pursuit
 | **Roman Saprykhine
CIS** | Alexander Simonenko
CIS | Bogdan Bondariew
CIS |
| Kilo
 | **Florian Rousseau
France** | Darryn Hill
Australia | Michael Scheurer
Germany |
| Team pursuit
 | **CIS
Roman Saprykhine
Anton Shantyr
Igor Soloviev
Alexei Bjakov** | Germany
Marc Obermann
Rüdiger Knispel
Markus Köcknitz
Danilo Hondo | Australia
Matthew White
Bernard Panton
Rodney McGee
Nathan O'Neill |

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Women's Events** | | | |
| Sprint
 | **Katrin Freitag
East Germany** | Yan Wang
China | Chris Witty
United States |
| Individual pursuit
 | **Hanka Kupfernagel
Germany** | Elena Tchalykh
CIS | Anke Wichmann
Germany |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | CIS (CIS) | 2 | 4 | 1 | 7 |
| 2 | Germany (GER) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| 3 | Australia (AUS) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 4 | France (FRA) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| | Italy (ITA) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 6 | China (CHN) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | United States (USA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (7 entries) | | 7 | 7 | 7 | 21 |

## InfoBox

1992 World Juniors Track Cycling Championships
| Venue | Athens,  Greece |
| --- | --- |
| Date(s) | (1992-08)August 1992 |
|


title: 1958 British West Indies Championships

abstract: The 1958 British West Indies Championships was the second edition of the track and field competition between British colony nations in the Caribbean. A total of eighteen events were contested, all of them by men – women's events were not added until the following year. George de Peana of British Guiana defended his 5000 metres/10,000 metres double from the previous edition. Trinidadian sprinters Hendrickson Harewood and Clifton Bertrand also defended their titles in the 100 metres and 200 metres, respectively. Betrand added the 400 metres title to his 200 m to become the first person to win two different sprint events at the competition. The Trinidad and Tobago national championships were not held that year, as the country's governing body focused on hosting the wider regional tournament. The host nation topped the medal table at the competition, winning ten of the eighteen events on offer. Jamaica came second, with four gold medals, followed by British Guiana on three. William Gittens's gold for Grenada in the 400 metres hurdles made his country's first medallist at the championships, and also the first winner from outside of the three aforementioned nations.

text:
# 1958 British West Indies Championships

The **1958 British West Indies Championships** was the second edition of the track and field competition between British colony nations in the Caribbean. A total of eighteen events were contested, all of them by men – women's events were not added until the following year.

George de Peana of British Guiana defended his 5000 metres/10,000 metres double from the previous edition. Trinidadian sprinters Hendrickson Harewood and Clifton Bertrand also defended their titles in the 100 metres and 200 metres, respectively. Betrand added the 400 metres title to his 200 m to become the first person to win two different sprint events at the competition.

The Trinidad and Tobago national championships were not held that year, as the country's governing body focused on hosting the wider regional tournament. The host nation topped the medal table at the competition, winning ten of the eighteen events on offer. Jamaica came second, with four gold medals, followed by British Guiana on three. William Gittens's gold for Grenada in the 400 metres hurdles made his country's first medallist at the championships, and also the first winner from outside of the three aforementioned nations.

## Medal summary

| Event | Gold | | Silver | | Bronze | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 100 metres | Hendrickson Harewood (TRI) | 10.4 | Joe Goddard (TRI) | 10.4 | Ralph Lewis (TRI) | 10.5 |
| 200 metres | Clifton Bertrand (TRI) | 21.2 | Hendrickson Harewood (TRI) | 21.3 | Joe Goddard (TRI) | 21.7 |
| 400 metres | Clifton Bertrand (TRI) | 47.3 | Middleton Archibald (SKN) | 47.4 | Wilton Jackson (TRI) | 48.5 |
| 800 metres | Hugh Hyland (TRI) | 1:53.5 | Charles Boney (TRI) | 1:55.0 | Goodleigh (JAM) | 1:55.5 |
| 1500 metres | Ralph Gomes (BGU) | 3:56.2 | Hugh Hyland (TRI) | 4:00.6 | Christie (JAM) | 4:02.8 |
| 5000 metres | George de Peana (BGU) | 15:10.0 | Harry Prowell (BGU) | 15:15.0 | Ralph Gomes (BGU) | 15:21.3 |
| 10,000 metres | George de Peana (BGU) | 32:58 | Harry Prowell (BGU) | 34:08 | Moses Dwarika (BGU) | 36:17 |
| 110 m hurdles | Bill Phillips (JAM) | 14.6 | Hollis Regis (TRI) | 14.8 | Deryck Taylor (JAM) | 15.0 |
| 400 m hurdles | William Gittens (GRN) | 53.8 | Ray Davis (TRI) | 53.8 | Charles Boney (TRI) | 55.1 |
| 4×100 m relay | Trinidad and Tobago (TRI) | 41.6 | Jamaica (JAM) | 42.0 | British Guiana (BGU) | 42.2 |
| 4×400 m relay | Trinidad and Tobago (TRI) | 3:21.2 | Jamaica (JAM) | ??? | British Guiana (BGU) | ??? |
| High jump | Learie Scipio (TRI) | 1.90 m | William Gittens (GRN) | 1.88 m | Pat Arthurs (JAM) | 1.83 m |
| Pole vault | Pat Arthurs (JAM) | 3.71 m | Gregor Hinkson (TRI) | 3.50 m | Ken Jones (TRI) | 3.43 m |
| Long jump | George Hislop (TRI) | 7.12 m | Deryck Taylor (JAM) | 7.02 m | Guilford James (JAM) | 7.00 m |
| Triple jump | Learie Scipio (TRI) | 14.37 m | Audley Hewitt (JAM) | 14.33 m | Deryck Taylor (JAM) | 14.16 m |
| Shot put | Conrad Derrick (TRI) | 13.01 m | Keith Fraser (BGU) | 12.79 m | Philippian Young (TRI) | 12.60 m |
| Discus throw | William Hall (JAM) | 37.73 m | Hugh Malcolm (JAM) | 37.48 m | Calvin Downie (JAM) | 36.87 m |
| Javelin throw | Hugh Malcolm (JAM) | 54.61 m | Calvin Downie (JAM) | 49.53 m | Hugh Garrick (TRI) | 48.13 m |

Medallists


title: 2010 UMass Minutemen football team

abstract: The 2010 UMass Minutemen football team represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 2010 NCAA Division I FCS football season as a member of the Colonial Athletic Association. The team was coached by Kevin Morris and played its home games at Warren McGuirk Alumni Stadium in Hadley, Massachusetts. The Minutemen played their road opener on September 18 against the Michigan Wolverines at Michigan Stadium in a game that drew the largest crowd ever to attend a UMass football game. UMass also played their first game in program history at Gillette Stadium, their future home beginning in 2012, on October 23 in the Colonial Clash against New Hampshire. The team finished with a record of 6–5, 4–4 in CAA play.

text:
# 2010 UMass Minutemen football team

2010 Colonial Athletic Association football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team |  | W |  | L |  |  |  |  | W |  | L |  |
| No. 2 Delaware +^ |  | 6 |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 12 |  | 3 |  |
| No. 10 William & Mary +^ |  | 6 |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 8 |  | 4 |  |
| No. 3 Villanova ^ |  | 5 |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 9 |  | 5 |  |
| No. 7 New Hampshire ^ |  | 5 |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 8 |  | 5 |  |
| UMass |  | 4 |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  | 5 |  |
| Richmond |  | 4 |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  | 5 |  |
| Rhode Island |  | 4 |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 5 |  | 6 |  |
| James Madison |  | 3 |  | 5 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  | 5 |  |
| Maine |  | 3 |  | 5 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  | 7 |  |
| Towson |  | 0 |  | 8 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 10 |  |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * \+  Conference co-champions * ^  FCS playoff participant Rankings from The Sports Network poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **2010 UMass Minutemen football team** represented the University of Massachusetts Amherst in the 2010 NCAA Division I FCS football season as a member of the Colonial Athletic Association. The team was coached by Kevin Morris and played its home games at Warren McGuirk Alumni Stadium in Hadley, Massachusetts. The Minutemen played their road opener on September 18 against the Michigan Wolverines at Michigan Stadium in a game that drew the largest crowd ever to attend a UMass football game. UMass also played their first game in program history at Gillette Stadium, their future home beginning in 2012, on October 23 in the Colonial Clash against New Hampshire. The team finished with a record of 6–5, 4–4 in CAA play.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Rank | Site | TV | Result | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 4 | 3:30 p.m. | No. 4 William & Mary |  |  | CSNNE | W 27–23 | 10,072 |
| September 11 | 6:00 p.m. | Holy Cross* | No. 18 | * McGuirk Stadium * Hadley, MA | WSHM | W 31–7 | 16,352 |
| September 18 | 12:00 p.m. | at No. 20 (AP/FBS) Michigan* | No. 16 |  | BTN | L 37–42 | 110,187 |
| September 25 | 6:00 p.m. | at Stony Brook* | No. 11 |  |  | W 26–21 | 5,309 |
| October 2 | 7:00 p.m. | at Towson | No. 8 |  |  | W 27–14 | 5,560 |
| October 16 | 3:30 p.m. | No. 20 Richmond | No. 8 | * McGuirk Stadium * Hadley, MA | WSHM | L 10–11 | 16,421 |
| October 23 | 3:30 p.m. | vs. No. 10 New Hampshire | No. 12 |  | CSNNE | L 13–39 | 32,848 |
| October 30 | 3:30 p.m. | at No. 15 James Madison | No. 18 |  | CSNNE | W 21–14 | 16,664 |
| November 6 | 3:30 p.m. | Maine | No. 15 | * McGuirk Stadium * Hadley, MA | CSNNE | W 39–24 | 12,121 |
| November 13 | 1:00 p.m. | No. 2 Delaware | No. 14 | * McGuirk Stadium * Hadley, MA | WSHM | L 27–45 | 10,057 |
| November 20 | 12:30 p.m. | at Rhode Island | No. 19 |  |  | L 34–37 | 3,156 |
|  | | | | | | | |

## Roster

| 2010 UMass Minutemen roster | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Quarterbacks***  * 3 Ian Shultis, *So* *  * 7 Brandon Hill, *Fr* *  * 12 Kyle Havens, *Sr* *  * 14 Raymond Pendagast, *Fr* *  * 17 Jesse Hunt, *RS Fr*  **Tailbacks**
*  * 5 Jamar Smith, *RS Fr* *  * 22 Jonathan Hernandez, *RS Jr* *  * 24 Mike Delaney, *Fr* *  * 28 John Griffin, *Sr* *  * 43 Alan Williams, *RS So*  **Fullbacks**
*  * 26 Thad McCummings, *RS Fr* *  * 40 Scott Duggan, *RS Sr*  **Wide receivers**
*  * 1 Julian Talley, *RS Jr* *  * 2 Anthony Nelson, *Sr* *  * 15 Shawn Campbell, *Fr* *  * 16 Jesse Julmiste, *Jr* *  * 18 Tom Gilson, *RS Jr* *  * 20 Dan Sheeran, *RS Sr* *  * 48 Calvin Belfon, *Sr* *  * 81 Julian Colarusso, *RS So* *  * 84 Dominic Wooten, *Fr* *  * 86 Dominique Price, *RS Jr* *  * 88 James Lizotte, *So* *  * 89 Aaron Fears, *RS Sr*  **Tight ends**
*  * 80 Nick Jablonski, *RS Fr* *  * 82 Andrew Krevis, *RS Sr* *  * 83 **Emil Igwenagu**, *RS Jr* *  * 87 Rob Blanchflower, *RS Fr* |  | **Offensive linemen***  * 50 Josh Samuda, *RS Jr* *  * 51 Quinton Sales, *RS So* *  * 61 John Ihne, *RS Sr* *  * 64 Nicholas Gottshall, *RS So* *  * 66 Anthony Dima, *RS Fr* *  * 67 Brian Ostaszewski, *RS Jr* *  * 68 Mike Kahale, *Fr* *  * 70 Greg Niland, *RS So* *  * 71 Ryan Young, *Fr* *  * 72 Nick Speller, *RS So* *  * 73 Jeff Skoog, *Fr* *  * 74 Stephane Milhim, *RS So* *  * 75 John Moran, *RS So* *  * 77 Travis Poston, *RS So* *  * 78 Sean O'Connor, *RS So* *  * 79 Vincent Westcam, *RS Fr* *  * 85 Travis Tripurka, *RS Jr*  **Defensive linemen**
*  * 49 Galen Clemons, *RS Fr* *  * 52 Bill Besselt, *RS Fr* *  * 57 Matt Heilig, *Fr* *  * 59 Giddens Rateau, *RS Fr* *  * 62 Brandon Flanagan, *RS Sr* *  * 63 Kevin Byrne, *RS Fr* *  * 76 Tyler Major, *RS Fr* *  * 90 Theo Agnew, *RS Fr* *  * 91 Courtney Jackson, *RS Jr* *  * 93 Bob McLaughlin, *RS Sr* *  * 95 Brandon Potvin, *RS Fr* *  * 98 Daniel Maynes, *Fr* *  * 99 Charles Thompson, *RS So* |  | **Linebackers***  * 25 Matt Campbell, *Fr* *  * 33 Mike Mele, *Sr* *  * 35 Stanley Andre, *Fr* *  * 36 **Tyler Holmes**, *Jr* *  * 37 Tom Brandt, *RS Fr* *  * 42 Devin Lindsey, *RS Fr* *  * 44 Perry McIntyre, *So* *  * 46 Chad Hunte, *So* *  * 47 Tim Brandt, *RS Fr* *  * 53 D.J. Abeoba, *RS So* *  * 54 David Ramsden, *RS Jr* *  * 55 Ryan Delaire, *Fr*  **Defensive backs**
*  * 4 Torrey Esalomi, *RS Sr* *  * 6 Antoine Tharpe, *Fr* *  * 8 Mike Lee, *RS Fr* *  * 9 Christian Birt, *RS Fr* *  * 11 Ke'Mon Bailey, *RS Sr* *  * 13 David Cozzo, *RS Sr* *  * 19 Woody Carter IV, *Jr* *  * 21 Kirk Nelms, *Fr* *  * 23 Shane Viveiros, *RS Jr* *  * 27 Darren Thellen, *RS So* *  * 29 Ryan Carter, *RS Fr* *  * 31 Ed Saint-Vil, *Fr* *  * 32 Ryan Collins, *Fr* *  * 34 Kumar Davis, *RS So* *  * 39 James Carven, *RS Sr* |  | **Kickers***  * 30 Igor Garcia **K**, *Fr* *  * 41 Jeff Strait **P**, *RS Fr* *  * 92 Jeffrey Lingenfelter **P/WR**, *RS Fr* *  * 94 Caleb Violette **K/P**, *So* *  * 96 Brendon Levengood **K/P**, *RS Fr*  **Classes Key:**
*Fr* – Freshman; first year player.
*So* – Sophomore; second year player.
*Jr* – Junior; third year player.
*Sr* – Senior; fourth year player.
**Bold**Team captain.
*RS* – Used a redshirt this season or previously.
Roster |

## InfoBox

| 2010 UMass Minutemen football | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conference | Colonial Athletic Association |
| Record | 6–5 (4–4 CAA) |
| Head coach |  |
| Offensive coordinator | Brian Picucci (2nd season) |
| Offensive scheme | Pro-style |
| Defensive coordinator | Keith Dudzinski (7th season) |
| Base defense | 4–3 |
| Home stadium | Warren McGuirk Alumni Stadium |
|


title: 1924 Hong Kong sanitary board election

abstract: The 1923 Hong Kong Sanitary Board election was supposed to be held on 11 December 1924 for an elected seat in the Sanitary Board of Hong Kong. The election was held for two of the elected seats on the board due to the resignation of Filomeno Maria Graca Ozorio. J. C. Macgown was elected to the Board uncontested.

text:
# 1924 Hong Kong sanitary board election

The **1923 Hong Kong Sanitary Board election** was supposed to be held on 11 December 1924 for an elected seat in the Sanitary Board of Hong Kong.

The election was held for two of the elected seats on the board due to the resignation of Filomeno Maria Graca Ozorio. J. C. Macgown was elected to the Board uncontested.

## InfoBox

1924 Hong Kong sanitary board election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **J. C. Macgown**    Party Nonpartisan   Popular vote ***Uncontested*** | |
| ---  **Member before election**
F. M. G. Ozorio
 **Elected Member**
J. C. Macgown
 | |


title: 1922 Latvian presidential election

abstract: The 1922 presidential elections in Latvia took place on November 14, 1922. By agreement between the Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party and the Latvian Farmers' Union, Jānis Čakste was nominated as the sole candidate and elected the 1st President of Latvia with 92 votes in favor and 6 abstentions. The President was elected by the 1st Saeima.

text:
# 1922 Latvian presidential election

The **1922 presidential elections** in Latvia took place on November 14, 1922. By agreement between the Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party and the Latvian Farmers' Union, Jānis Čakste was nominated as the sole candidate and elected the 1st President of Latvia with 92 votes in favor and 6 abstentions. The President was elected by the 1st Saeima.

## Candidates

| Candidate |
| --- |
| Jānis Čakste |

## Election process and results

Prior to the elections, the former Chairman of the Constitutional Assembly Jānis Čakste; the organizer of the Latvian Riflemen Battalions, the former Minister of Agriculture Jānis Goldmanis and the Minister of Justice Jānis Pauļuks were all considered as possible candidates for the presidency. Kārlis Ulmanis had refused to run for office, but there were still rumors that the Social Democrats could run the famous poet Rainis as their candidate. In the end, only Čakste was nominated, and with 92 votes (the largest support for a candidate in the history of presidential elections), he became the first President of Latvia.

| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Jānis Čakste | Democratic Centre | 92 | 93.88 |
| Against | | | 6 | 6.12 |
| Total | | | 98 | 100.00 |

## InfoBox

1922 Latvian presidential election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Jānis Čakste**    Party Democratic Centre   Popular vote **92** | |
| ---  Votes by MPs | |
| ---  **Elected President**
Jānis Čakste
Democratic Centre | |


title: 1913–14 Scottish Districts season

abstract: The 1913–14 Scottish Districts season is a record of all the rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.

text:
# 1913–14 Scottish Districts season

The **1913–14 Scottish Districts season** is a record of all the rugby union matches for Scotland's district teams.

## History

Glasgow District and Edinburgh District drew in the Inter-City match, each scoring 1 drop goal.

## Results

| Date | Try | Conversion | Penalty | Dropped goal | Goal from mark | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1905–1947 | 3 points | 2 points | 3 points | 4 points | 3 points |

### Inter-City

| Glasgow District | 4 - 4 | Edinburgh District |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

**Glasgow District**:
**Edinburgh District**:

### Other Scottish matches

| Provinces District | v | Anglo-Scots |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Preview
Report |  |

**Provinces**:
**Anglo-Scots**: \[

### Trial matches

| Blues Trial | v | Whites Trial |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Preview
Report |  |

**Blues Trial**:
**Whites Trial**: \[

### English matches

No other District matches played.

### International matches

No touring matches this season.

## InfoBox

| 1913–14 Scottish Districts season | |
| --- | --- |
| Countries | Scotland |
| Date | 1913–14 |
| Matches played | 1 |
|  | |


title: 1913–14 Sheffield Shield season

abstract: The 1913–14 Sheffield Shield season was the 22nd season of the Sheffield Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition of Australia. New South Wales won the championship.

text:
# 1913–14 Sheffield Shield season

The **1913–14 Sheffield Shield season** was the 22nd season of the Sheffield Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition of Australia. New South Wales won the championship.

## Table

| Team | Pld | W | L | D | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| New South Wales | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| South Australia | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Victoria | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | -2 |

## Fixtures

* South Australia won the toss and elected to bat.

---

* South Australia won the toss and elected to bat.

---

* New South Wales won the toss and elected to bat.

---

* South Australia won the toss and elected to bat.

---

* New South Wales won the toss and elected to bat.

---

* South Australia won the toss and elected to bat.

## Statistics

### Most Runs

Charlie Macartney 445

### Most Wickets

Jack Crawford 33

## InfoBox

1913–14 Sheffield Shield
| Cricket format | First-class |
| --- | --- |
| Tournament format(s) | Double round-robin |
| Champions | New South Wales (13th title) |
| Participants | 3 |
| Matches | 6 |
| Most runs | Charlie Macartney (New South Wales) – 445 runs |
| Most wickets | Jack Crawford (South Australia) – 33 wickets |
|


title: 1926–27 Prima Divisione

abstract: The 1926–27 Prima Divisione was the 1st edition of a second tier tournament of the Italian Football Championship which was organized at national level.

text:
# 1926–27 Prima Divisione

The **1926–27 Prima Divisione** was the 1st edition of a second tier tournament of the Italian Football Championship which was organized at national level.

## The *Carta di Viareggio*

AstiBiellese
Derthona           └LegnanoUS MilaneseNovara┐            Speranza
Savona Sestrese
SpeziaAtalanta              ┌ComenseFiumanaMantova           ┌MonfalconesePro Patria
Treviso
TriestinaUdinese
VeneziaAnconitana
Carpi
Fiorentina
LuccheseParma
Pisa           ┌Pistoiese─PratoReggiana         SPALTaranto
AudaceT. Liberty
Ideale Lazio
Roman BagnoleseCasertanaFoggiaPalermoclass=notpageimage|1926-27 Prima Divisione teams location map.
Group A;  Group B;  Group C;  Group D.

In 1926 the *Viareggio Charter* reformed the Italian football organization. This important document introduced in the Italian football the status of the *non-amatour player* receiving a  *reimbursement of expenses*. In this way FIGC managed to mislead FIFA, that defended strenuously sportive amateurism.

The fascist Charter transformed the old *Northern League* into an authoritarian and national committee, the Direttorio Divisioni Superiori, appointed by the FIGC. The second level championship, which took the diminished name of Prima Divisione, consequently had to be reformed to give space to a group of clubs from the southern half of Italy.

## Teams selection

The old Northern *Seconda Divisione* second-level championship had four local groups, so it was decided to reserve one of them for the clubs from Southern Italy in the new national *Prima Divisione*. More, some teams from the South were put in the first level championship too, so some Northern clubs were relegated from it. Consequently, solely half of the clubs of the old Northern second level joined the revamped *cadet* tournament, to give space to their Southern counterparts.

In Southern Italy the situation was different. There, the previous reform of 1921-1922 did not take place, so the pyramid of 1912 had been maintained, with the *Prima Divisione*, former *Prima Categoria*, as the sole tournament above the regional level. So, in a lexical continuity, the old Prima Divisione remained the bulk of new one, excluding three promoted teams and the last relegated ones, but with the relevant difference of the elimination of the regional qualifications.

| 29 Northern clubs | 11 Southern clubs |
| --- | --- |
| 7 worst clubs of the Northern League's First Division | 11 out of 20 clubs of the Southern League's First Division |
| 22 best clubs of the Northern League's Second Division | |

## Group A

|  |  | Classification | Pts | P | W | D | L | GF | GA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1. | **Novara** | **30** | 18 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
|  | 2. | Biellese | **24** | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 3. | Legnano | **23** | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 4. | Sestrese | **19** | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 5. | US Milanese | **18** | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 6. | Savona | **16** | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 7. | Spezia | **16** | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 8. | Derthona | **16** | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 9. | Asti | **14** | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 10. | **Speranza** | **4** | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |

## Group B

|  |  | Classification | Pt | P | W | D | L | GF | GA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1. | **Pro Patria** | **27** | 18 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
|  | 2. | Atalanta | **26** | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 3. | Triestina | **24** | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 4. | Treviso | **20** | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 5. | Fiumana | **19** | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 6. | Venezia | **17** | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 7. | Mantova | **15** | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 8. | Monfalcone | **14** | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 9. | Comense | **12** | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 10. | **Udinese** | **6** | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |

### Results

| **Pro Patria results** | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Andata |  |  |  | Ritorno |
| 1-1 | Pro Patria | - | Monfalcone | 3-1 |
| 0-2 | Mantova | - | Pro Patria | 0-2 |
| 1-0 | Pro Patria | - | Udinese | 2-1 |
| 0-1 | Fiumana | - | Pro Patria | 1-2 |
| 2-1 | Atalanta | - | Pro Patria | 0-7 |
| 2-3 | Pro Patria | - | Triestina | 0-2 |
| 6-1 | Pro Patria | - | Comense | 1-0 |
| 1-1 | Venezia | - | Pro Patria | 0-1 |
| 5-2 | Pro Patria | - | Treviso | 1-1 |

## Group C

|  |  | Classification | Pt | P | W | D | L | GF | GA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1. | **Reggiana** | **28** | 18 | 13 | 2 | 3 | 43 | 17 |
|  | 2. | SPAL | **25** | 18 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 42 | 26 |
|  | 3. | Pistoiese | **24** | 18 | 11 | 2 | 5 | 39 | 22 |
|  | 4. | Parma | **20** | 18 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 27 | 25 |
|  | 5. | Prato | **18** | 18 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 30 | 28 |
|  | 6. | Fiorentina | **17** | 18 | 7 | 3 | 8 | 24 | 30 |
|  | 7. | Lucchese | **15** | 18 | 7 | 1 | 10 | 27 | 27 |
|  | 8. | Pisa | **12** | 18 | 5 | 2 | 11 | 16 | 33 |
|  | 9. | Carpi | **11** | 18 | 4 | 3 | 11 | 18 | 36 |
|  | 10. | **Ancona** | **10** | 18 | 3 | 4 | 11 | 14 | 24 |

### Results

## Group D

|  |  | Classification | Pt | P | W | D | L | GF | GA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1. | **Lazio** | **30** | 18 | 15 | 0 | 3 | 34 | 11 |
|  | 2. | Liberty Bari | **29** | 18 | 12 | 5 | 1 | 34 | 12 |
|  | 3. | **Bagnolese** | **25** | 18 | 11 | 3 | 4 | 42 | 16 |
|  | 4. | **Casertana** | **23** | 18 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 28 | 18 |
|  | 5. | **Pro Italia Taranto** | **18** | 18 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 20 | 19 |
|  | 6. | Ideale Bari | **18** | 18 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 20 | 20 |
|  | 7. | Foggia | **16** | 18 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 19 | 20 |
|  | 8. | Audace Taranto | **11** | 18 | 5 | 1 | 12 | 13 | 35 |
|  | 9. | **Roman** | **10** | 18 | 3 | 4 | 11 | 23 | 39 |
|  | 10. | **Palermo** | **0** | 18 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 1 | 44 |

### Events

Prima Divisione Sud
| Season | 1926–27 |
| --- | --- |
| Lega Sud 1927–28 | |

**Bankruptcies**

* **Ilva Bagnolese** and **Casertana** both bankrupted.
* **Palermo** relegated and bankrupted.

**Mergers**

## Final Group

|  |  | Finals | Pt | P | W | D | L | GF | GA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1. | **Novara** | **8** | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 20 | 10 |
|  | 2. | Pro Patria | **6** | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 11 | 12 |
|  | 3. | Reggiana | **5** | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 10 |
|  | 4. | Lazio | **5** | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 11 | 19 |

* **Novara** champions 1926-27.

### Results

## InfoBox

Prima Divisione
| Season | 1926–27 |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 3 October 1926 – 22 May 1927 |
| Champions | Novara (1st title) |
| Promoted | Novara
Pro Patria
Reggiana
Lazio |
| Relegated | 6 clubs in bankruptcy or disbandment |
| Matches played | 372 |
| 1925–26 1927–28 | |


title: Amin Hafeez

abstract: Amin Hafeez is a Pakistani freelance journalist, news reporter and YouTuber, known for his humorous style of reporting. Based in Lahore, Hafeez received the Pride of Performance award from the president of Pakistan in 2018 for journalism.

text:
# Amin Hafeez

**Amin Hafeez** is a Pakistani freelance journalist, news reporter and YouTuber, known for his humorous style of reporting. Based in Lahore, Hafeez received the Pride of Performance award from the president of Pakistan in 2018 for journalism.

## Career

Hafeez started his career in journalism in 1986. His electronic media career began in 2002 with GEO TV. Throughout his career, he has been known for his unique and funny news reports. In 2018, his news report of discussing age-old relations between humans and donkeys, while riding a donkey, went viral. His interview with a buffalo also went viral in 2021.

He left Jang Media Group in February 2022, to focus on his YouTube career. His YouTube channel has 154K subscribers.

## Award(s)

## InfoBox

| Amin Hafeez | |
| --- | --- |
| امین حفیظ | |
| Occupation(s) | content creator, journalist, reporter, writer |
| Years active | 1986–present |
| Organization | Geo TV (2002–2022) |
| Known for | reporting style |
| Awards | Pride of Performance by the President of Pakistan in 2018 |


title: Amin Hot

abstract: Amin Hot is a Kosovan professional basketball player for Peja of the Kosovo Superleague. He is a 1.95 m tall shooting guard. Born in Montenegro, he represents Kosovo.

text:
# Amin Hot

**Amin Hot** (born 27 March 1992) is a Kosovan professional basketball player for Peja of the Kosovo Superleague. He is a 1.95 m tall shooting guard. Born in Montenegro, he represents Kosovo.

## Professional career

### Apollon Patras (2013–2014)

On 5 September 2013, Hot signed for Apollon Patras of the Greek Basket League.

### Return to KK Ibar (2020–2021)

Hot returned to his hometown club KK Ibar on 16 November 2020.

### Trepça (2021–2024)

On 1 July 2021, Hot signed for Trepça of the Kosovo Basketball Superleague. He helped Trepça to win the Kosovo Cup after one decade by recording 15 points, 8 rebounds and 7 assists against Bashkimi.

## International career

### Montenegro

Hot represented the Montenegro men's national under-18 basketball team in the 2010 European Championship Division B.

### Kosovo

Hot was part of the Kosovan national team in the EuroBasket 2025 qualification in the game against Denmark.

## InfoBox

Amin Hot
| Peja | |
| --- | --- |
| Position | Shooting guard |
| League | Kosovo Superleague |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1992-03-27) 27 March 1992<br>Rožaje, FR Yugoslavia |
| Nationality | Kosovan/Montenegrin |
| Listed height | 1.95 m (6 ft 5 in) |
| Listed weight | 86 kg (190 lb) |
| Career information | |
| NBA draft | 2014: undrafted |
| Playing career | 2011–present |
| Career history | |
| 2011–2012 | Bosna Royal |
| 2012–2013 | Vogošća |
| 2013–2014 | Apollon Patras |
| 2014–2015 | Ibar |
| 2015–2016 | Enosis Neon Paralimni |
| 2016–2017 | BC Balkan |
| 2017–2018 | MAFC |
| 2018–2019 | Ibar |
| 2019–2020 | Patrioti Levice |
| 2020–2021 | Ibar |
| 2021–2024 | Trepça |
| 2024–present | Peja |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |