title: Dickcissel

abstract: The dickcissel is a small seed-eating migratory bird in the family Cardinalidae. It breeds on the prairie grasslands of the Midwestern United States and winters in Central America, northern Colombia, and northern Venezuela. It is the only member of the genus Spiza, though some sources list another supposedly extinct species.

text:
# Dickcissel

The **dickcissel** (***Spiza americana***) is a small seed-eating migratory bird in the family Cardinalidae. It breeds on the prairie grasslands of the Midwestern United States and winters in Central America, northern Colombia, and northern Venezuela. It is the only member of the genus ***Spiza***, though some sources list another supposedly extinct species (see below).

## Taxonomy

The dickcissel was formally described in 1789 by German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin under the binomial name *Emberiza americana*. Gmelin based his account on the "black throated bunting" which the Welsh naturalist Thomas Pennant had described and illustrated in 1785 in his *Arctic Zoology*. The dickcissel is now the only species placed in the genus *Spiza* that was introduced in 1824 by French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte. The genus name *Spiza* is the Ancient Greek word for a common type of finch, now assumed to be a chaffinch. The species is monotypic; no subspecies are recognised.

The dickcissel is part of a group of the Cardinalidae that also includes *Amaurospiza, Cyanocompsa, Cyanoloxia*, and *Passerina*. *Spiza* is the only one among these that lacks blue structural colors in its plumage. Though the color pattern and habits of the dickcissel make it stand apart from other Cardinalidae, its robust, cone-shaped bill – stouter than in American sparrows or true finches, which it somewhat resembles at first glance – gives away its relationships.

### "Townsend's dickcissel"

A problematic specimen is often discussed under the name of ***Spiza townsendi*** (or *Spiza townsendii*, the original misspelt specific name proposed by John James Audubon). This individual was collected on May 11, 1833, by Audubon's colleague John Kirk Townsend in New Garden Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. The specimen remains unique and nothing is known about what it represents with certainty; it had thus even been suggested to be an extinct relative. In 2014, Kyle Blaney photographed the bird in Ontario, proving its continuing existence.

It is commonly called "Townsend's dickcissel" (or "Townsend's bunting", "Townsend's finch") in reference to the collector whom the scientific name honors. Rather than a distinct species or subspecies, it is (as certainly as this can be said in absence of direct proof) a color variant. Comparing the birds, it is immediately obvious that the yellow lipochrome pigments are entirely absent in "Townsend's dickcissel". The specimen has foxed today, giving it an altogether beige hue, but when originally shot, the olive areas of the head were grey as the cheeks, and the yellow and buff on face and underside was pure white. The brown wings and tail were rufous, due to the pheomelanins not being tinged by lipochromes.

Thus, this bird is very likely certainly the result of a simple genetic change, perhaps just a single point mutation, affecting some part of the carotinoid metabolism – essentially the same thing that happens in albinism, but in a different metabolic pathway. Though the bird seemed to be healthy and had survived to maturity when it found its untimely end through Townsend's gun, no other such specimens have been documented before, nor ever since. Albinism and other pigment aberrations are not infrequently seen in birds, and the lack of further specimens is somewhat puzzling in that respect.

No specific details are known about the dickcissel's lipochrome metabolism; it may be more fine-tuned than in other birds, so that most mutations therein will be lethal and Audubon's bird was simply one of the very few individuals that survived. In wild birds, varying from species to species, some color aberrations are less frequently seen than others, and in captive birds such as canaries, some color mutations have only arisen a handful of times at most during several centuries of dedicated breeding and screening for novel color variants (see also Budgerigar colour genetics). While only a complete molecular biological study of the dickcissel's metabolism and the specimen's ancient DNA stands any reasonable chance to resolve the question with certainty, the hypothesis of an extremely uncommon color mutation is plausible, and such phenomena certainly occur in other Passeroidea.

Alternatively, the bird was considered a hybrid, but the present state of knowledge of the dickcissel's relations makes this not very plausible; a number of species exist with which *Spiza* could conceivably produce hybrids, such as *Passerina*, but the lack of even the slightest hint of blue structural colors in Townsend's specimen and it moreover being not different from a dickcissel in habitus makes the hybrid theory suspect. Regardless, Townsend observed the bird making vocalizations reminiscent more of an indigo bunting (*Passerina cyanea*), and by comparing mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences of the specimen with those of the dickcissel, the indigo bunting, and perhaps other *Passerina*, the hybridization hypothesis should be far more easy to prove or reject than a color aberration. On the other hand, not enough is known on whether dickcissels pick up their characteristic vocalizations from conspecific males or whether they are innate, thus no firm conclusion regarding Townsend's observations has been made.

## Description

Their length is 5.5–6.3 in (140–160 mm), wingspan is 9.8–10.2 in (250–260 mm), and weight is0.9–1.4 oz (26–40 g). Dickcissels have a large, pale bill, a yellow line over the eyes, brownish upperparts with black streaks on the back, dark wings, a rust patch on the shoulders, and light underparts. Adult males have a black throat patch, a yellow breast, and grey cheeks and crown. This head and breast pattern is especially brilliant in the breeding plumage, making it resemble an eastern meadowlark. Females and juveniles are brownish on the cheeks and crown, and are somewhat similar in appearance to house sparrows; they have streaked flanks.

In flight, they make a low, "electric", buzzing *fpppt*. From an open perch in a field, this bird's song is a sharp *dick dick* followed by a buzzed *cissel*, also transcribed as *skee-dlees chis chis chis* or *dick dick ciss ciss ciss*.

## Distribution and habitat

Their breeding habitat is fields in midwestern North America. Following the breeding season the species migrates in large flocks to southern Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. They may occur as vagrants well outside of their normal range. From 1966 to 2015 the dickcissel experienced a greater than 1.5% population reduction in the northern part of its breeding range and throughout the Midwestern United States.

## Behaviour and ecology

### Breeding

The birds migrate to their breeding range rather late, with the first arriving only in May, with most birds only arriving in early June. They nest near the ground in dense grasses or small shrubs, or up to 3–4 ft (91–122 cm) high in bushes and trees. Males may have up to six mates, with most attracting only one or two, and several failing to attract any mates at all. Yet if such "bachelors" survive until the next summer, they will get another try to attract females, as the partners only stay together for raising one brood. Dickcissels are thus among the few songbirds that are truly polygynous. When they leave for winter quarters by early August or so, what little pair bond existed during the summer is broken up.

### Feeding

Dickcissels forage on the ground or in fields. They mainly eat insects and seeds. Outside of the nesting season, they usually feed in flocks. They are considered a pest by farmers in some regions because flocks can consume large quantities of cultivated grains.

Dickcissel populations frequently fluctuate in numbers, even to the extent that their range changes notably. In the early 19th century, dickcissels expanded eastward, establishing a population in New England and the mid-Atlantic states that disappeared around the end of the century. Both appearance and disappearance were probably related to changes in land use.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Dickcissel | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Male in breeding plumage | |
|  | |
| Female | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Cardinalidae |
| Genus: | *Spiza*
Bonaparte, 1824 |
| Species: | ***S. americana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Spiza americana***
(Gmelin, 1789) | |
|
|  | |
| Breeding   Breeding (scarce)   Migration   Nonbreeding   Nonbreeding (scarce) | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Emberiza townsendi*
*Emberiza townsendii* (*lapsus*)
*Spiza townsendi*
*Spiza townsendii* (*lapsus*)
(see text) | |


title: DiMatteo Vineyards

abstract: DiMatteo Vineyards is a winery located in Hammonton in Atlantic County, New Jersey. Formerly a family produce farm, the vineyard was first planted in 2000, and opened to the public in 2002. In 2010, the winery moved its headquarters to a new location in Hammonton. DiMatteo has 14 acres of grapes under cultivation, and produces 1,500 cases of wine per year. The winery is named after the family that owns it.

text:
# DiMatteo Vineyards

**DiMatteo Vineyards** is a winery located in Hammonton in Atlantic County, New Jersey. Formerly a family produce farm, the vineyard was first planted in 2000, and opened to the public in 2002. In 2010, the winery moved its headquarters to a new location in Hammonton. DiMatteo has 14 acres of grapes under cultivation, and produces 1,500 cases of wine per year. The winery is named after the family that owns it.

## Wines

DiMatteo Vineyards is in the Outer Coastal Plain AVA, and produces wine from Cabernet Franc, Cayuga White, Chambourcin, Chancellor, Chardonnay, Concord, Diamond, Ives noir, Merlot, Niagara, Syrah, Traminette, and Vidal blanc grapes. DiMatteo also makes fruit wines from apples, blueberries, cranberries, peaches, pumpkins, and strawberries. It is the only winery in New Jersey that produces wine from Diamond, which is a white hybrid grape developed in New York in the 1880s.

## Licensing and associations

DiMatteo has a farm winery license from the New Jersey Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control, which allows it to produce up to 50,000 gallons of wine per year, operate up to 15 off-premises sales rooms, and ship up to 12 cases per year to consumers in-state or out-of-state. The winery is a member of the Garden State Wine Growers Association and the Outer Coastal Plain Vineyard Association.

39°35′38″N 74°48′05″W / 39.593872°N 74.801525°W / 39.593872; -74.801525

## InfoBox

| DiMatteo Vineyards | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | 951 8th Street, Hammonton, New Jersey, USA |
| Coordinates | 39.593872 N, 74.801525 W |
| Appellation | Outer Coastal Plain AVA |
| First vines planted | 2000 |
| Opened to the public | 2002 |
| Key people | Frank DiMatteo Jr.,<br>Frank DiMatteo III (owners) |
| Acres cultivated | 14 |
| Cases/yr | 1,500 (2011) |
| Distribution | On-site, wine festivals, NJ liquor stores, NJ restaurants, home shipment |
| Tasting | Tastings Thursday to Tuesday |
| Website | https://www.dimatteofamilyvineyards.com/ |


title: Dichomeris gausapa

abstract: Dichomeris gausapa is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Ronald W. Hodges in 1986. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Madera Canyon in the Santa Rita Mountains of Arizona.

text:
# Dichomeris gausapa

***Dichomeris gausapa*** is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Ronald W. Hodges in 1986. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Madera Canyon in the Santa Rita Mountains of Arizona.

## InfoBox

| *Dichomeris gausapa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Dichomeris* |
| Species: | ***D. gausapa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dichomeris gausapa***<br>Hodges, 1986 | |
|


title: Admiral (train)

abstract: The Admiral was a named passenger train of the Pennsylvania Railroad and its successor Penn Central which operated between Chicago, Illinois and New York City. The Admiral began on April 27, 1941, when the Pennsylvania renamed the eastbound Advance General.

text:
# Admiral (train)

The ***Admiral*** was a named passenger train of the Pennsylvania Railroad and its successor Penn Central which operated between Chicago, Illinois and New York City. The *Admiral* began on April 27, 1941, when the Pennsylvania renamed the eastbound *Advance General*.

## *Advance General*

The ***Advance General*** was a train operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR). It was inaugurated in 1940, and was a second section of the PRR's popular *General*, and was meant to take the coaches, then only being carried eastbound, and make that train an all-Pullman train. In 1941, it was renamed the *Admiral*.

## *Admiral*

The new train was eastbound-only until a year later on April 26, 1942, when the Pennsylvania added a westbound counterpart. The *Admiral* carried both sleepers and coaches plus a diner. After World War II, the Pennsylvania put the *Admiral* on a 17-hour schedule between Chicago and New York along with the *Broadway Limited*, *Trail Blazer*, *General* and *Pennsylvanian*. At the time the *Admiral* carried transcontinental sleeping cars which it exchanged in Chicago with the *California Zephyr* and other California-bound trains. Mounting losses on its passenger operations led the Pennsylvania to reduce service on the *Admiral*. From April 29, 1956, onwards the *Admiral* operated as a local, making more intermediate stops with a longer overall running time. The westbound train ended altogether in 1958. The remaining eastbound *Admiral* lost its dining car in 1966 and the last of its sleeping cars in 1967, leaving it with mail and express cars, coaches and a snack bar. The eastbound *Admiral* remained after the merger of the Pennsylvania with the New York Central Railroad as the Penn Central and the train was discontinued on the formation of Amtrak on May 1, 1971.

## InfoBox

*Admiral*
| Overview | |
| --- | --- |
| Service type | Inter-city rail |
| Status | Discontinued |
| Locale | Midwestern United States/Northeastern United States |
| First service | June 30, 1940 |
| Last service | April 30, 1971 |
| Former operator(s) | Pennsylvania Railroad
From 1968: Penn Central |
| Route | |
| Termini | New York City, New York
Chicago, Illinois |
| Distance travelled | 907.7 miles (1,460.8 km) (1955) |
| Service frequency | Daily (1955) |
| Train number(s) | Eastbound: 70
Westbound: 71 |
| On-board services | |
| Seating arrangements | Reclining seat coaches |
| Sleeping arrangements | Roomettes, double bedrooms and duplex rooms (1955) |
| Catering facilities | Dining car |
| Entertainment facilities | Lounge car |
| Technical | |
| Rolling stock | Streamlined passenger cars by Pullman Standard |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) |


title: Diadegma consumtor

abstract: Diadegma consumtor is a wasp first described by Johann Ludwig Christian Gravenhorst in 1829.No subspecies are listed.

text:
# Diadegma consumtor

***Diadegma consumtor*** is a wasp first described by Johann Ludwig Christian Gravenhorst in 1829.No subspecies are listed.

## InfoBox

| *Diadegma consumtor* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Ichneumonidae |
| Genus: | *Diadegma* |
| Species: | ***D. consumtor*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Diadegma consumtor***
(Gravenhorst, 1829) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Diadegma alpestrator* Aubert, 1971
*Diadegma varians* (Brischke, 1880) | |


title: Adib Qaddoura

abstract: Adib Qaddoura is a Syrian actor who achieved the status of a sex symbol in Syria, often mentioned alongside Ighraa. One of his most notable roles was in "The Cheetah". He also made notable appearances in Italian cinema.

text:
# Adib Qaddoura

**Adib Qaddoura** (Arabic: أديب قدورة) is a Syrian actor who achieved the status of a sex symbol in Syria, often mentioned alongside Ighraa. One of his most notable roles was in "The Cheetah". He also made notable appearances in Italian cinema.

## Early life

Born in Palestine to a family with both Syrian and Palestinian heritage.

## Acting career

Initially focusing on figurative art, he ventured into the realms of décor and later transitioned into the field of theatre. His breakthrough came in 1972 when he was discovered and introduced by the director Nabil Maleh. A prolific career in the theatre followed, with notable contributions to plays such as "The Days We Forget," "The Angel Landed in Babylon," and "The Tragedy of Guevara." His extensive resume includes over 60 television series, 37 films, and notable appearances in Italian cinema. In Italy, director Tueni organized a symposium where critics, directors, and artists from academic institutes analyzed Adib Qaddoura's facial expressions in three-dimensional shots. This unique ability led to his involvement in Italian films. During an international film festival, a Swiss film critic inquired about the writer, and playwright Mahmoud Diab praised Qaddoura, likening him to the Anthony Quinn of Syria.

## Personal life

He got married and has seven children.

## Filmography

* Blazing Nights (1960)
* Torment Journey (1972)
* A Woman of Fire (1971)
* The Cheetah (1972)
* The World in 2000 (1972)
* Another Face of Love (1973)
* Remains of Pictures (1973)
* One Man Wanted (1973)
* Liberation Knights (1974)
* Jewels James Bond (1974)
* Girls for Love (1974)
* The Loving Gypsy (1974)
* The Shame (1974)
* No Time for Deception (1975)
* Beauty and the Four Eyes (1975)
* The Belle & the Space Conqueror (1975)
* Night of Men (1976)
* Forbidden Love (1976)
* Lovers on the Road (1977)
* Love and Winter (1977)
* Earth Wedding (1978)
* Shajar Al-Durr (1979)
* Fake Love (1980)
* Khalil's father (1980)
* Ezz Al Din Al Qassam (1981)
* Tragedy of a Middle Eastern Girl (1983)
* Love's Revenge (1983)
* Harvest Years (1985)
* Eastern Girl (1986)
* Sisban Wolfs (1987)
* A Woman Who Doesn't Know Despair (1987)
* The Orphan (1988)
* Lost in Disappointed Eyes (1989)
* Valley of the Deers (1990)
* Sand Maiden (1990)
* Arab Biography (1992)
* The Outsider (1992)
* Dulama's Father's Anecdotes (1993)
* Tears of Asayel (1994)
* Gun Smoke (1994)
* Oleander Mornings (1995)
* The Snake (1995)
* We Were Friends (1996)
* Hill of Ash (1997)
* Under the Blue Sky (1997)
* Yaqut (1998)
* Mot'eb (1998)
* Travel (1998)
* Mazar District (1999)
* Night Horse (1999)
* Winter Flowers (1999)
* Mystery Tales (2000)
* The Charm of the East (2001)
* Omar El Khayyam (2002)
* Edge of the Abyss (2002)
* Playing with the Bad Guys (2002)
* Midnight Nightmares (2003)
* The Finish Line (2003)
* Story of a Mother (2003)
* Mother Of Hashem (2003)
* The Candle and the Pin (2003)
* My God (2005)
* Return My Morning (2006)

## Awards

In 1976, he was nominated for Best Actor by the Syrian newspaper Al-Thawra through a public referendum. In 1979, a similar nomination for Best Arab Actor came from the Jordanian newspaper Al-Dustour. His international recognition continued in 1980 when he received a nomination for Best Actor from Asia and Africa at the Carthage Film Festival.

## InfoBox

| Adib Qaddoura | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1948-07-01)July 1, 1948<br>Ma'alot-Tarshiha, Israel |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1960-2006 |


title: Adrian Stroe

abstract: Adrian Stroe, known as The Taxi Driver of Death, is a Romanian serial killer responsible for the murders of three women in the vicinity of Bucharest, committed between January and September 1992. Sentenced to life imprisonment for these murders in 1996, he was paroled in 2018.

text:
# Adrian Stroe

**Adrian Stroe** (born 24 October 1959), known as **The Taxi Driver of Death**, is a Romanian serial killer responsible for the murders of three women in the vicinity of Bucharest, committed between January and September 1992. Sentenced to life imprisonment for these murders in 1996, he was paroled in 2018.

## Early life

Adrian Stroe was born on 24 October 1959, in Bucharest. Little is known about his early life, but he would later claim that he grew up without feeling any love towards his mother. He studied as an engineer at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, from where he successfully graduated, but instead opted to work as a taxi driver, because he claimed that he'd "earn in one evening as \[he\] would earn after a month in the construction site". At the age of 22, he married a local woman and had a daughter.

In 1991, the couple divorced. Stroe started to feel embittered by the separation, as he still loved his wife, and eventually turned his anger towards his female passengers.

## Murders

In the evening of 29 January 1992, Stroe picked up 26-year-old Lavinia Stoian, and drove her to Lake Cernica. When they got to the destination, he asked her if she would like to have sex with him, which she refused. Annoyed by her refusal, Stroe strangled her to death. After picking off all her jewellery and undressing her body, he threw it into the lake and promptly left.

On 29 March, he was driving down a street in Bucharest, when he picked up 25-year-old Russian tourist Elvira Vasilieva in front of a hotel. Stroe drove to Lake Cernica again, where he attempted to kiss the woman in a state of arousal. Vasilieva rebuffed his advances, and in a blind rage, Stroe strangled her. He then undressed her body, leaving only her blouse on, and threw it into the lake.

On 9 September, Stroe picked up his final victim, 25-year-old Mariana Baltac, a saleswoman working at the Unirea store. With this victim, Stroe claimed that he had attempted to befriend first, with the pair going to two restaurants and him buying her expensive perfume and shoes. When they reached Lake Cernica, he attempted to court her, but Baltac refused his advances. Enraged by her refusal, Stroe raped and then strangled Baltac. He then got the body out of his car, doused it in gasoline and lit it on fire. After letting the fire disfigure her body for some time, he put it in the taxi's trunk and drove to nearby Glina, where he discarded it in a ditch.

## Discovery, arrest and trial

Between March and April, the decomposing bodies of two women were found within two weeks of each other in Lake Pantelimon. Authorities were able to identify both victims as Stoian and Vasilieva, but were unable to determine whether the case was related. This suspicion was confirmed when the badly burned body of another woman was found near Glina. Despite most of her body being burned up, some of her fingers had miraculously avoided any damage, and thus she was identified via fingerprints as Mariana Baltac.

Sensing that the killer might've had a more personal connection to this victim than the previous two, investigators started reconstructing the girl's final day by interviewing friends and acquaintances, among whom was Adrian Stroe. While he was being interviewed in his apartment on 17 September, he denied any involvement, but this came into question when the woman's brand new shoes were found hidden behind the toilet bowl. Stroe was brought to the police station, whereupon he confessed to the three murders, claiming that he had killed the women because he was angry that they rejected his advances. He was transferred to the Jilava Penitentiary Hospital for a psychiatric examination, where he was diagnosed with a psychopathic disorder.

He was brought to trial, where he readily admitted that he was responsible and would wish for appropriate punishment, but claimed that he "only regretted the acts, not the victims". After a lengthy trial lasting four years, he was sentenced to life imprisonment.

## Imprisonment and release

Shortly after his conviction, Stroe became a media sensation, and was often sought after for interviews. Within the first three years of his detention, he openly professed that he felt no remorse, and the only things he missed were his wife, daughter and their German shepherd. In 1999, he was transferred to Rahova Penitentiary, where he began reading the Bible and turned towards Adventism, claiming to have repented for his crimes.

Over the following years of his imprisonment, Stroe became an active member of Rahova Penitentiary's religious community, and in 2007, he became the leader of the Community of Christian Prisoners in Romania. During his time in prison, he wrote three books focusing on religious scripture and the influence of Latin in the Romanian language, and by the end of 2007, he also married an English teacher from Târgoviște. In 2012, however, he was found guilty of trafficking heroin and given an additional 15-year sentence, which was merged with his life sentence.

In June 2018, the Găești District Court ordered that Stroe be paroled, as a review of his activities during his imprisonment, which included participating in 16 prisoner programs for recreational and work activities, made him eligible for release. He was subsequently released, with this controversial decision causing a debate on whether lifers with violent criminal records be released back into public life.

## InfoBox

| Adrian Stroe | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1959-10-24) 24 October 1959
Bucharest, Romania |
| Other names | "The Taxi Driver of Death" |
|  | |
| Conviction(s) | Murder x3
Drug trafficking x1 |
| Criminal penalty | Life imprisonment (murders)
15 years (drug trafficking) |
| Details | |
| Victims | 3 |
| Span of crimes | January  September 1992 |
| Country | Romania |
| State(s) | Bucharest |
| Date apprehended | 17 September 1992 |
|  | |


title: Aerokurier

abstract:
Aerokurier is a monthly magazine founded in 1957 covering international civil aviation published in the German language by Motor Presse Stuttgart, a large European publisher of special interest magazines. The magazine concentrates on the following subjects:
  - General aviation
  - Business aviation
  - Air sports
  - Gliding
  - Ultralight aviation
  - Flight training
  - Developments in aviation technology
  - Airports
  - Political topics concerning aviation Aerokurier is the principal sponsor of the Online Contest (OLC), a worldwide decentralized soaring competition for glider, hang glider, and paraglider pilots.

text:
# Aerokurier

***Aerokurier*** is a monthly magazine founded in 1957 covering international civil aviation published in the German language by Motor Presse Stuttgart, a large European publisher of special interest magazines. The magazine concentrates on the following subjects:

*Aerokurier* is the principal sponsor of the Online Contest (OLC), a worldwide decentralized soaring competition for glider, hang glider, and paraglider pilots.

## InfoBox

**Aerokurier**
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Categories | Aviation |
| Frequency | Monthly |
| Publisher | Motor Presse Stuttgart |
| Founded | 1957 |
| Language | German |
| Website | www.aerokurier.de |


title: Adinath Lokeshwar

abstract: Anandadi Lokeshwar Mandir is a temple sacred to Hindus and Buddhists in the village of Chobar, outside Kathmandu in Nepal. The temple is dedicated to Anandadi Lokeshwar, one of four principal Bodhisattvas honored as Lokeshwars in the Kathmandu Valley. It was built in the 15th century, then rebuilt in 1640. Tourists often refer to this as the "pots and pans" temple, due to all of the domestic implements affixed to its walls. Accounts for this custom vary, but all relate to the welfare of the deceased in the afterlife. "There are various legends connected to the deity. The story begins with the coming of Manjusri to the valley to drain the lake and make the valley habitable. Manjusri, who has taken the name of Manjudeva for his sojourn, comes to the valley and cuts the rim of the hills near a low hill called Kacchapala Giri, the hill of Chobar. The deity inhabiting the hill is angry because he is being cut by Manjudeva, but Manju retorts that he should be glad as once the lake has been drained away, the Valley will become the seat of a great civilization and one day Sri Tin Lokeshvara will come to take up residence on the hill of Chobar. Many eons later, when the Valley had become a center of civilization and was being ruled by a king called Dharmakara, Manjusri decided to return to the valley as Manjudeva to pay a visit to Sri Tin Jyotirupa Swoyambhu. He brought with him Kasyapa Tathagata. The two of them decided to set up a Vihara in the Valley to teach and advise the people. They set up a vihara called Pim Baha, located in a place thereafter called Manjupattana. In order that the proper worship of himself and Kasyapa Tathagata might be insured he selected a certain acharya, instructed him in the ritual and appointed him and his descendants as official deo palas. Manjusri became known to the people there as Adinath. "After several generations, disputes arose among the descendants of this Acharya about who had the right to serve as dea palas in the temple. It was finally decided that the dependents would serve in the temple by turn. By this time, it was Kali Yuga and the two deities decided that if they continued to reside in the temple and converse openly and freely with men as they had been doing, the people will eventually give them a lot of trouble. So they decided to disappear into their images and communicate no more with the people except by work, i.e. they would continue to grant favors to the people but would not speak and converse with them. The next morning when the deo pala came to perform the customary worship he found only dumb statues. He began to cry and people gathered. Finally, the relatives of the deo palas held a council and decided that this disaster must be due to some failing of the del palas and killed them all, except for one old man. The old man went up to the temple and rebuked the gods: "What is the use of doing puja to gods like you; my whole family has been destroyed. Henceforth I will not worship you." In a rage, he took out the images and all ornaments and threw the image of Kasyapa Tathagata into the river at Shanti Tirtha and that of Adinath he cast into the river at Arya Tirtha. In the bank of the river one Hem Acharya, was meditating and saw these articles flowing down the river. By force of his Sadhana removed the image of Kasyapa Tathagata from the river, took it to Patan and installed it in a Baha which is called Hemavarna Mahavihara or Kwa Baha. "The image of Adinath carried on down the river to a place called Jaya Tirtha where a man called Suval Acharya was meditating. Seeing this thing washed along by the river, he realized the life of Adinath Karunamaya and put it into a Kalasa. The life came floating to him in the form of a jasmine flower. Taking the Kalasa to the Kacchapala Hill at Chobhar, he transferred it into an image and called it Anandadi Lokeshvara. At the end of a year, he decided to have an annual bathing ceremony for the image and set the date as the first day of the bright half of the month of Chaitra, the anniversary of the day on which he had removed the life of god from the image in the river."

text:
# Adinath Lokeshwar

**Anandadi Lokeshwar Mandir** is a temple sacred to Hindus and Buddhists in the village of Chobar, outside Kathmandu in Nepal. The temple is dedicated to Anandadi Lokeshwar, one of four principal Bodhisattvas honored as Lokeshwars in the Kathmandu Valley (or Adinath for Nepali speakers, who regard this deity as one of four Matsyendranaths). It was built in the 15th century, then rebuilt in 1640. Tourists often refer to this as the "pots and pans" temple, due to all of the domestic implements affixed to its walls. Accounts for this custom vary, but all relate to the welfare of the deceased in the afterlife.

"There are various legends connected to the deity. The story begins with the coming of Manjusri to the valley to drain the lake and make the valley habitable. Manjusri, who has taken the name of Manjudeva for his sojourn, comes to the valley and cuts the rim of the hills near a low hill called Kacchapala Giri, the hill of Chobar. The deity inhabiting the hill is angry because he is being cut by Manjudeva, but Manju retorts that he should be glad as once the lake has been drained away, the Valley will become the seat of a great civilization and one day Sri Tin Lokeshvara will come to take up residence on the hill of Chobar. Many eons later, when the Valley had become a center of civilization and was being ruled by a king called Dharmakara, Manjusri decided to return to the valley as Manjudeva to pay a visit to Sri Tin Jyotirupa Swoyambhu. He brought with him Kasyapa Tathagata. The two of them decided to set up a Vihara in the Valley to teach and advise the people. They set up a vihara called Pim Baha, located in a place thereafter called Manjupattana. In order that the proper worship of himself and Kasyapa Tathagata might be insured he selected a certain acharya, instructed him in the ritual and appointed him and his descendants as official deo palas (priestly attendant, dyah pālā in Newa). Manjusri became known to the people there as Adinath.

"After several generations, disputes arose among the descendants of this Acharya about who had the right to serve as dea palas in the temple. It was finally decided that the dependents would serve in the temple by turn. By this time, it was Kali Yuga and the two deities decided that if they continued to reside in the temple and converse openly and freely with men as they had been doing, the people will eventually give them a lot of trouble. So they decided to disappear into their images and communicate no more with the people except by work, i.e. they would continue to grant favors to the people but would not speak and converse with them. The next morning when the deo pala came to perform the customary worship he found only dumb statues. He began to cry and people gathered. Finally, the relatives of the deo palas held a council and decided that this disaster must be due to some failing of the del palas and killed them all, except for one old man. The old man went up to the temple and rebuked the gods: "What is the use of doing puja to gods like you; my whole family has been destroyed. Henceforth I will not worship you." In a rage, he took out the images and all ornaments and threw the image of Kasyapa Tathagata into the river at Shanti Tirtha and that of Adinath he cast into the river at Arya Tirtha. In the bank of the river one Hem Acharya, was meditating and saw these articles flowing down the river. By force of his Sadhana removed the image of Kasyapa Tathagata from the river, took it to Patan and installed it in a Baha which is called Hemavarna Mahavihara or Kwa Baha.

"The image of Adinath carried on down the river to a place called Jaya Tirtha where a man called Suval Acharya was meditating. Seeing this thing washed along by the river, he realized the life of Adinath Karunamaya and put it into a Kalasa. The life came floating to him in the form of a jasmine flower. Taking the Kalasa to the Kacchapala Hill at Chobhar, he transferred it into an image and called it Anandadi Lokeshvara. At the end of a year, he decided to have an annual bathing ceremony for the image and set the date as the first day of the bright half of the month of Chaitra, the anniversary of the day on which he had removed the life of god from the image in the river."

*This article incorporates material from the Citizendium article "Adinath Lokeshwar", which is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License but not under the GFDL.*

## InfoBox

| Adinath Lokeshwar Temple<br>आदिनाथ लोकेश्वर मन्दिर | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Buddhism |
| Location | |
| Location | Kathmandu district |
| Country | Nepal |
| Shown within Nepal | |
| Geographic coordinates | 27°39′57″N 85°17′29″E / 27.6657°N 85.2913°E / 27.6657; 85.2913 |


title: Admete (Oceanid)

abstract: In Greek mythology, Admete was one of the 3,000 Oceanids, daughters of the Titans Oceanus and his sister-wife Tethys. The name of Admete/ Admeta was the female form of Admetus. Along with her other sisters, Admete was one of the companions of Persephone in Sicily when the god Hades abducted the daughter of Demeter.

text:
# Admete (Oceanid)

In Greek mythology, **Admete** (/ædˈmt/; Ancient Greek: Ἀδμήτη means 'the unbroken, unwedded or untamed') was one of the 3,000 Oceanids, daughters of the Titans Oceanus and his sister-wife Tethys. The name of Admete/ Admeta was the female form of Admetus. Along with her other sisters, Admete was one of the companions of Persephone in Sicily when the god Hades abducted the daughter of Demeter.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). "Admete". *Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology*.


title: Admesturius

abstract: Admesturius is a genus of South American jumping spiders that was first described by María Elena Galiano in 1988. As of June 2019 it contains only three species, found only in Argentina and Chile: A. bitaeniatus, A. mariaeugeniae, and A. schajovskoyi.

text:
# Admesturius

***Admesturius*** is a genus of South American jumping spiders that was first described by María Elena Galiano in 1988. As of June 2019 it contains only three species, found only in Argentina and Chile: *A. bitaeniatus*, *A. mariaeugeniae*, and *A. schajovskoyi*.

## InfoBox

| *Admesturius* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Salticidae |
| Subfamily: | Salticinae |
| Genus: | *Admesturius*
Galiano, 1988 |
|
| Type species | |
| *A. schajovskoyi*
Galiano, 1988 | |
| Species | |
|  | |


title: Admestina wheeleri

abstract: Admestina wheeleri, also known as the thick-legged jumping spider, is a species of jumping spider found in the northern United States and southern Canada. The species was first described in 1888 by George and Elizabeth Peckham.

text:
# Admestina wheeleri

***Admestina wheeleri***, also known as the thick-legged jumping spider, is a species of jumping spider found in the northern United States and southern Canada.

The species was first described in 1888 by George and Elizabeth Peckham.

## InfoBox

| *Admestina wheeleri* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Salticidae |
| Subfamily: | Salticinae |
| Genus: | *Admestina* |
| Species: | ***A. wheeleri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Admestina wheeleri***<br>Peckham & Peckham, 1888 | |
|


title: Dick Cocks

abstract: Michael Richard Cocks is an Australian former rugby union international. A Gosford High School product, Cocks played as a loose forward and was capped 10 times for the Wallabies between 1972 and 1975. After first gaining experience as a reserve on the 1969 tour of South Africa, he made his Wallabies debut in the 1972 home Tests against France, featuring in both matches. His international career included caps on the 1972 tour of New Zealand and the 1973 tour of Britain, where he captained the Wallabies in a tour match against the South and South-West Counties side in Bath. Cocks, a teacher by profession, has had a long association with South Africa. He played club rugby for Cape Town club Villagers in 1971, making three representative appearances for Western Province at this time, then captained Natal on his return to the country after the end of his Wallabies career. His wife is a South African. They met during his time as a teacher at Westville Boys' High School in the 1980s.

text:
# Dick Cocks

**Michael Richard Cocks** (born 1 March 1945) is an Australian former rugby union international.

A Gosford High School product, Cocks played as a loose forward and was capped 10 times for the Wallabies between 1972 and 1975. After first gaining experience as a reserve on the 1969 tour of South Africa, he made his Wallabies debut in the 1972 home Tests against France, featuring in both matches. His international career included caps on the 1972 tour of New Zealand and the 1973 tour of Britain, where he captained the Wallabies in a tour match against the South and South-West Counties side in Bath.

Cocks, a teacher by profession, has had a long association with South Africa. He played club rugby for Cape Town club Villagers in 1971, making three representative appearances for Western Province at this time, then captained Natal on his return to the country after the end of his Wallabies career. His wife is a South African. They met during his time as a teacher at Westville Boys' High School in the 1980s.

## InfoBox

Dick Cocks
| Full name | Michael Richard Cocks |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1945-03-01) 1 March 1945 |
| Place of birth | New South Wales, Australia |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)**  Flanker / No. 8  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1972–75 Australia  10  (0) | |


title: Dieze West

abstract: Dieze West is a football club from Zwolle, Netherlands.

text:
# Dieze West

**Dieze West** is a football club from Zwolle, Netherlands.

## History

During the years 2015–2017, Dieze West played in Sunday Hoofdklasse. Since 2017, it plays in the Saturday Vierde Klasse.

## InfoBox

Dieze West
| Full name | Voetbalvereniging Dieze West |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 11 November 1982 |
| Ground | Sportpark Het Hoge Laar, Zwolle |
| Manager | Tom IJzerman |
| League | Eerste Klasse Sunday (2017–18) |
| Website | Club website |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Didier

abstract: Didier is a French masculine given name and surname common throughout the Romance languages. It comes from the Ancient Roman name Didius. During the 5th century AD, with the Christianisation of ancient pagan names, it became associated with the name Desiderius, related to Latin desiderium – which can be translated as "ardent desire" or "the longed-for".

text:
# Didier

**Didier** is a French masculine given name and surname common throughout the Romance languages. It comes from the Ancient Roman name Didius. During the 5th century AD, with the Christianisation of ancient pagan names, it became associated with the name *Desiderius*, related to Latin *desiderium* – which can be translated as "ardent desire" or "the longed-for".

## List

Notable people with the name include:

### Given name

### Surname


title: Adventuress (schooner)

abstract: Adventuress is a 133-foot (41 m) gaff-rigged schooner launched in 1913 in East Boothbay, Maine. She has since been restored, and is listed as a National Historic Landmark. She is one of two surviving San Francisco bar pilot schooners. Adventuress is currently operated by Sound Experience, a non-profit organization based in Port Townsend, Washington.

text:
# Adventuress (schooner)

***Adventuress*** is a 133-foot (41 m) gaff-rigged schooner launched in 1913 in East Boothbay, Maine. She has since been restored, and is listed as a National Historic Landmark. She is one of two surviving San Francisco bar pilot schooners.

*Adventuress* is currently operated by Sound Experience, a non-profit organization based in Port Townsend, Washington.

## History

*Adventuress* was built for John Borden at the Rice Brothers' yard in East Boothbay, Maine, and was designed by B.B. Crowninshield. Borden intended to sail to Alaska to catch a bowhead whale for the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Aboard this maiden voyage sailed the famed naturalist Roy Chapman Andrews. During the voyage, Chapman stopped on the Pribilof Islands and captured film of fur seals, which led to efforts to protect their colonies. Borden's efforts to catch a whale failed and he sold *Adventuress* to the San Francisco Bar Pilots Association, which marked the beginning of her career as a workboat. For 35 years, she transferred pilots to and from cargo vessels near the Farallon Islands. During World War II, she was a United States Coast Guard vessel, guarding San Francisco Bay.

Around 1952, *Adventuress* was brought to Seattle, where she went through several owners. Eventually, she wound up in the care of Monty Morton and Ernestine Bennett, who managed a non-profit sail training organization called Youth Adventure. Under their ownership, the boat was restored to most of her original lines, which had been altered during her years as a working vessel. In 1988, Sound Experience began conducting educational programs on the vessel, and the following year she was listed as a National Historic Landmark.

## Sound Experience

Today *Adventuress* is operated by the non-profit organization Sound Experience, as a platform for environmental education about Puget Sound. She sails from March into October, on trips ranging from 3 hours to 7 days. Paid employees and volunteers perform office, crew, and maintenance work.

## InfoBox

| *Adventuress* Participating in the 2008 Tacoma Tall Ships Festival. | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | *Adventuress* |
| Builder | Rice Brothers |
| Launched | 1913 |
| Homeport | Port Townsend, WA |
| Identification |  |
| Nickname(s) | "The A" |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Schooner |
| Displacement | 115 tons |
| Length | 133 ft (41 m) |
| Beam | 21 ft (6.4 m) |
| Height | 110 ft (34 m) |
| Draft | 12 ft (3.7 m) |
| Propulsion | 5,478 sq ft (508.9 m2) of Sail & auxiliary diesel engine |
| Sail plan | Gaffrigged |
|  | |
| *Adventuress* (Schooner) | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. National Historic Landmark | |
|  | |
| Location | Seattle, Washington |
| Built | 1913 |
| Architect | Bowdoin B. Crowninshield
Rice Brothers |
| NRHP reference No. | 89001067 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | April 11, 1989 |
| Designated NHL | April 11, 1989 |


title: Différance (album)

abstract: Différance is the debut studio album by South Korean post-rock band Jambinai. The album was released on 2 February 2012. The album's name comes from Différance, a concept created by French philosopher Jacques Derrida. The album won the best jazz and crossover crossover album at the 2013 Korean Music Award. In 2014, the album was re-released as a remastered version.

text:
# Différance (album)

***Différance*** (Korean: 차연; RR: *Chayeon*) is the debut studio album by South Korean post-rock band Jambinai. The album was released on 2 February 2012. The album's name comes from Différance, a concept created by French philosopher Jacques Derrida. The album won the best jazz and crossover crossover album at the 2013 Korean Music Award. In 2014, the album was re-released as a remastered version.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| IZM |  |

Kim Banya of IZM described the album as "*Différance* is the album that unravel the scope and boundaries of expression by crushing and destroying musical instruments." The member of the selection committee for the Korean Music Awards Cho Ildong reviewed "Jambinai's *Différance* is a wake-up call for those who have fixed crossover as a genre as well as its own musical completeness," and the album won the best jazz and crossover crossover album.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Time Of Extinction" ("소멸의 시간") | 2:56 |
| 2. | "Grace Kelly" | 3:21 |
| 3. | "Glow Upon Closed Eyes" ("감긴 눈 위로 비추는 불빛") | 6:30 |
| 4. | "Paramita Pt. 1" ("바라밀다 Part. 1") | 4:20 |
| 5. | "Paramita Pt. 2" ("바라밀다 Part. 2") | 4:16 |
| 6. | "Hand Of Redemption" ("구원의 손길") | 4:48 |
| 7. | "Empty Pupil Pt. 1" ("텅빈 눈동자 Part. 1") | 3:57 |
| 8. | "Empty Pupil Pt. 2" ("텅빈 눈동자 Part. 2") | 4:44 |
| 9. | "Connection" | 9:40 |

## InfoBox

| Différance | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Jambinai | |
| Released | 2 February 2012 (2012-02-02) |
| Genre | Post-rock |
| Length | 44:32 |
| Label | GMC Records |
| Jambinai chronology | |
| *Jambinai*
(2010) ***Différance***
(2012) *A Hermitage*
(2016) | |
|  | |
| Re-mastered version cover | |
|  | |
| Re-mastered version cover | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: 1963 North Korean local elections

abstract: Elections to provincial, city, county, district, town, neighborhood, village and workers' district people's assemblies(도·시·군·구역·리·읍·로동자구 인민회의 대의원 선거) were held in North Korea on December 3, 1963. In the elections, 2,517 provincial people's assembly deputies, 14,303 city, county and district people's assembly deputies and 70,250 town, neighborhood, village and workers' district people's assembly deputies were elected. Voter turnout was reported to be 100%, with candidates allegedly receiving a 100% approval rate.

text:
# 1963 North Korean local elections

**Elections to provincial, city, county, district, town, neighborhood, village and workers' district people's assemblies**(도·시·군·구역·리(동)·읍·로동자구 인민회의 대의원 선거) were held in North Korea on December 3, 1963.

In the elections, 2,517 provincial people's assembly deputies, 14,303 city, county and district people's assembly deputies and 70,250 town, neighborhood, village and workers' district people's assembly deputies were elected.

Voter turnout was reported to be 100%, with candidates allegedly receiving a 100% approval rate.


title: Dylan Zink

abstract: Dylan Zink is an American ice hockey executive and former defenseman. He was an All-American for Massachusetts Lowell.

text:
# Dylan Zink

**Dylan Zink** is an American ice hockey executive and former defenseman. He was an All-American for Massachusetts Lowell.

## Playing career

Zink's college career began in 2013 when he debuted for the ice hockey team at the University of Massachusetts Lowell. His first season was rather unimpressive, scoring just a single point in 26 games, but he did help the team capture the Hockey East Tournament. Zink found his game as a sophomore and led the team's defense in scoring, retaining that honor for the remainder of his time with the River Hawks. After helping the team return to the NCAA Tournament as a junior, Zink had his best offensive season in 2017 and was named an All-American. He led the team to a first place finish as well as its third Hockey East championship.

Zink signed with the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins after Lowell was eliminated and he finished out the year in the AHL. In his first full season as a professional, Zink started in Wilkes-Barre but was demoted to the ECHL after just 7 appearances. He found much greater success with the Wheeling Nailers, averaging nearly a point every other game, but decided to head to Europe after the season. He played well in a top Norwegian league but his production suffered when he moved over to the second Swedish league, HockeyAllsvenskan. After just 20 games, Zink returned to the ECHL and finished out the season before retiring as a player.

In 2020, Zink returned to his alma mater as the Director of Hockey Operations, a position he continues to hold as of 2021.

## Career statistics

### Regular season and playoffs

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2010–11 | Monona Grove High School | WI-HS | | 24 | 13 | 48 | 61 | 66 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2011–12 | Alexandria Blizzard | NAHL | | 50 | 6 | 16 | 22 | 20 | | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| 2012–13 | Alexandria Blizzard | NAHL | | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 12 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2012–13 | Jamestown Ironmen | NAHL | | 52 | 15 | 17 | 32 | 47 | | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 2013–14 | Massachusetts Lowell | Hockey East | | 26 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 12 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2014–15 | Massachusetts Lowell | Hockey East | | 37 | 10 | 16 | 26 | 42 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2015–16 | Massachusetts Lowell | Hockey East | | 39 | 11 | 13 | 24 | 22 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2016–17 | Massachusetts Lowell | Hockey East | | 41 | 10 | 26 | 36 | 53 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2016–17 | Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins | AHL | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2017–18 | Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins | AHL | | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2017–18 | Wheeling Nailers | ECHL | | 46 | 4 | 18 | 22 | 25 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2018–19 | Sparta Warriors | GET-ligaen | | 48 | 5 | 31 | 36 | 48 | | 6 | 1 | 7 | 8 | 8 |
| 2019–20 | Karlskrona HK | HockeyAllsvenskan | | 20 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 12 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2019–20 | South Carolina Stingrays | ECHL | | 18 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 6 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2019–20 | Toledo Walleye | ECHL | | 19 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 29 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| NAHL totals | | | | 106 | 22 | 35 | 57 | 79 | | 7 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 4 |
| NCAA totals | | | | 143 | 31 | 56 | 87 | 129 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| ECHL totals | | | | 83 | 8 | 25 | 33 | 60 | |  |  |  |  |  |

## Awards and honors

| Award | Year |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| All-Hockey East Second Team | 2016–17 |  |
| AHCA East Second Team All-American | 2016–17 |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Dylan Zink | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1992-10-08) October 8, 1992
Madison, Wisconsin, USA | | |
| Height | 5 ft 11 in (180 cm) | | |
| Weight | 183 lb (83 kg; 13 st 1 lb) | | |
| Position | Defenseman | | |
| Shot | Left | | |
| Played for | Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins
Wheeling Nailers
Sparta Warriors
Karlskrona HK
South Carolina Stingrays
Toledo Walleye | | |
| Playing career | 20132020 | | |
| **Coaching career** | | | |
| Current position | |
| Title | Assistant coach |
| Team | UMass Lowell |
| Conference | Hockey East |
| Biographical details | |
| Alma mater | UMass Lowell |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 2023–present | UMass Lowell (asst) |
|  | |
| Administrative career (AD unless noted) | |
| 2020–2023 | UMass Lowell (Dir. of Hockey Ops) |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Edmund Steward

abstract: Edmund Steward otherwise Stewart or Stewarde was an English lawyer and clergyman who served as Chancellor and later Dean of Winchester Cathedral until his removal in 1559.

text:
# Edmund Steward

**Edmund Steward** (died 1559) otherwise **Stewart** or **Stewarde** was an English lawyer and clergyman who served as Chancellor and later Dean of Winchester Cathedral until his removal in 1559.

## Biography

Edmund Steward received his Bachelor of Civil Law in 1515 at Cambridge University. Despite being trained in civil law, Steward went on almost exclusively serve the Church. In 1521 Steward was recorded as serving the Archdeacon of Sudbury as a Commissary. A Commissary represented the authority of the Archdeacon and could exercise ecclesiastical jurisdiction in his name, without taking clerical orders. Steward would go on to be Vicar of Dedham, Essex in 1523, and Rector of Laxfield, Suffolk by 1534. Soon after receiving the Rectory, Steward would become Archdeacon of Suffolk twice between 1524 and 1528. He was first ejected from the position by Thomas Cranmer, then Archbishop of York, in 1526 in favor of Thomas Wynter, a favorite of Cardinal Wolsey. Wynter would transfer to the Archdeaconry of Norwich in 1527, and Steward returned to his position as Archdeacon of Suffolk until his resignation in 1529. At the time of his resignation in early 1529, Steward is a trusted confidant of Bishop Richard Nykke or Norwich, and Nykke states that he "has shown his full mind" to Steward on a few high level political issues. Steward continued to work under Wolsey as a clerk until the latter's death in 1530. Stephen Gardiner was appointed to replace Wolsey as Bishop of Winchester, and Gardiner made Steward his Vicar General and Chancellor in December, 1531. As Gardiner was often abroad or out of his diocese on royal business, Steward ran the diocese in his stead for much of the 1530s.

Steward maintained his position as Chancellor of Winchester for the next decade, corresponding with leading clergymen and politicians like Thomas Cromwell, and gaining several benefices, including the Rectory of Easton, and the Rectory of Wonston. Steward also served directly in matters of state, despite his conservative opinions, as when he was a member of a clerical council debating the merits of translating the Bible into English. At some point in 1541, Steward returned to his studies and received a Doctorate in Civil Law from Cambridge in 1541. Until 1541, Winchester Cathedral was a Priory, but the monastery was dissolved in March 1541. The former Prior, William Kingsmill was appointed Dean, and Steward was first prebendary priest among twelve. By this time, Steward was well ingratiated within the Royal Court, and served as one of King Henry VIII's Chaplains. In 1544, Steward claimed the title of Doctor of Sacred Theology when he loaned the crown £66, along with hundreds of other high clergy in September of that year.

With the death of Henry VIII, the Church of England began a more thorough Reformation or a move away from older traditional practices into a more international Protestant church. Steward remained more attached to the traditional church practices as espoused by Bishop Gardiner, and for that he was stripped of his power and imprisoned in Marshalsea. Steward had refused to recant his statements against the new Articles issued by Lord Protector Northumberland. Steward was released sometime later, and at the ascension of the new Catholic Queen Mary Steward was restored to his chancellorship of Winchester. In less than a year, Steward was promoted to Dean of Winchester, and given a commission as Justice of the Peace for Hampshire.

Steward lived out the next five years peacefully as Dean of Winchester. Queen Mary died in 1558, and with the coronation of her more Protestant sister, Elizabeth, Steward was deprived of his position in 1559. Steward died in August 1559, a few months after his deprivation by Elizabeth.


title: Department of Lambayeque

abstract: Lambayeque is a department and region in northwestern Peru known for its rich Moche and Chimú historical past. The region's name originates from the ancient pre-Inca civilization of the Lambayeque. It is the second-smallest department in Peru after Tumbes, but it is also its most densely populated department and its eighth most populous department.

text:
# Department of Lambayeque

**Lambayeque** (Spanish pronunciation: \[lambaˈʝeke\]) is a department and region in northwestern Peru known for its rich Moche and Chimú historical past. The region's name originates from the ancient pre-Inca civilization of the *Lambayeque*. It is the second-smallest department in Peru after Tumbes, but it is also its most densely populated department and its eighth most populous department.

## Etymology

The name *Lambayeque* is a Spanish derivation of the god *Yampellec*, said to have been worshipped by the first Lambayeque king, *Naymlap*. The Spanish gave the name to the early people.

## Geography

The vast plains that make up the department of Lambayeque's territory are watered by rivers that originate in the Andes; cultivation is only possible in a small portion of this parched region with irrigation. The fertile river valleys produce half of the sugar cane crop of Peru. In addition, Lambayeque and the department of Piura provide most of the rice crops consumed in Peru.

Increased agricultural harvest is expected with completion of the Olmos Transandino Project. The water supply project will transfer up to 2 billion m3 annually of water from the Huancabamba River in the department of Cajamarca east of Lambayeque.

In the smaller scale farming of earlier centuries, the Olmos Carob Tree Forest supported goat herds that fed on carobs. The fine goatskins were tanned to create the fine, pale, leather known as "cordoban" or "cordovan", from the Spanish town of Córdoba, where the process was developed. Goat fat was used to make soap.

There are two small islands off the Pacific coast of the department of Lambayeque: Lobos de Afuera, and Lobos de Tierra; there was a dispute with the department of Piura over ownership of the latter island.

The region is bordered by the Piura Region on the north, the Cajamarca Region on the southeast, the La Libertad Region on the south and the Pacific Ocean on the west.

## History

Legend tells that in ancient times, a great float of balsa rafts arrived at the beaches of the existing San José cove. Formed by a brilliant cortege of nine foreign warriors, this float was led by a man of great talent and courage, named Naymlap, the mythical founder of the first northwest civilization.

Among the descendants of Naymlap were the Moche and the Chimú, the latter builders of a great civilization forged in Lambayeque before being conquered by the later Inca Empire. The Chimú grew to acquire a notable state parallel to the Inca. The Chimú moved their capital to the northern area, establishing great urban centers there. They were great farmers, textile experts and, wonderful goldsmiths, with extraordinary works in gold.

The Inca conquest of what today is Lambayeque, lasted almost four decades. Pachacuti, Tupac Inca Yupanqui and Huayna Cápac, successively, ruled during the process.

In the 16th century, the Spaniard leader Francisco Pizarro took his conquistadors across the region on the way to Cajamarca to conclude the defeat of the Inca empire. He was amazed by the gold exposed in vases and utensils.

During Colonial times, a rivalry started between the people of the towns of Lambayeque and Santiago de Miraflores de Saña. The reason of the conflict was the opulence in which the latter lived, even provoking the greed of pirates. A flood in 1720, however, destroyed Saña and marked the end of a flourishing city.

The people of Lambayeque followed Juan Manuel Iturregui as their leader in the struggles for emancipation and independence from Spain. He spread the libertarian ideas and helped get arms for the cause.

### Archaeology

In November 2019, Peruvian archaeologists led by Walter Alva discovered a 3,000-year-old, 130 feet long megalithic 'water cult' temple with 21 tombs in the Oyotún district in the Zaña Valley. Archaeologists assumed that the temple was abandoned around 250 BC and later used as a burial ground by the Chumy people. Twenty of the tombs belonged to the people of Chumy, and one to an adult male buried during the Formative period with a ceramic bottle with two spouts and a bridge handle. According to the excavations, as many as three construction phases took place in the temple: the first was between 1500 BC–800 BC, when people built the foundations of the building from cone-shaped clay; second, between 800 BC–400 BC, when the megalithic temple was built under the influence of the pre-Inca civilization known as the Chavin; and finally 400 BC–100 BC, when people added circular pillars used to hold the roof of the temple.

## Political division

The department is divided into 3 provinces (*provincias*, singular: *provincia*), which are composed of 38 districts (*distritos*, singular: *distrito*). The provinces, with their capitals in parentheses, are:

## Places of interest

## Music from Lambayeque

The most famous composer from Lambayeque was Luis Abelardo Nuñez, born in Ferreñafe on 22 November 1926. His songs are among the most popular ones in Peruvian music. These included the following:

6°26′S 79°52′W / 6.433°S 79.867°W / -6.433; -79.867

## InfoBox

| Lambayeque Departamento de Lambayeque (Spanish)
Lampalliqi suyu (Quechua) | |
| --- | --- |
| Department | |
| Chaparri Conservation Area | |
|  | |
| Location of the department of Lambayeque in Peru | |
| Country | Peru |
| Subdivisions | 3 provinces and 38 districts |
| Capital | Chiclayo |
| Government | |
| Governor | Jorge Pérez Flores
(2023–2026) |
| Area | |
| Total | 14,231.3 km2 (5,494.7 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 3,078 m (10,098 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Population (2017) | |
| Total | 1,197,260 |
| Density | 84.13/km2 (217.9/sq mi) |
| UBIGEO | 14 |
| Dialing code | 074 |
| ISO 3166 code | PE-LAM |
| Principal resources | Rice, sugarcane and fruit |
| Poverty rate | 30% |
| Percentage of Peru's GDP | 3.89% |
| Website | www.regionlambayeque.gob.pe |


title: 1969–70 Japan Ice Hockey League season

abstract: The 1969–70 Japan Ice Hockey League season was the fourth season of the Japan Ice Hockey League. Five teams participated in the league, and the Oji Seishi Hockey won the championship.

text:
# 1969–70 Japan Ice Hockey League season

The **1969–70 Japan Ice Hockey League season** was the fourth season of the Japan Ice Hockey League. Five teams participated in the league, and the Oji Seishi Hockey won the championship.

## Regular season

|  | Team | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Oji Seishi Hockey | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 62 | 13 | **14** |
| 2. | Seibu Tetsudo | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 63 | 26 | **12** |
| 3. | Iwakura Ice Hockey Club | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 45 | 37 | **8** |
| 4. | Furukawa Ice Hockey Club | 8 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 22 | 63 | **4** |
| 5. | Fukutoku Ice Hockey Club | 8 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 11 | 64 | **2** |


title: Eau Claire Dam

abstract: Eau Claire Dam is a dam in Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, United States. The concrete gravity dam was dedicated on August 12, 1937, as the result of the largest Depression-era Works Progress Administration project in the entire state. Also known as the Eau Claire River 2WP224 Dam or the Augusta Dam, the dam was developed on the site of the previous "Main River Dam" as a 24-foot-high, 251-foot-long structure impounding the Eau Claire River. The reservoir it creates, Eau Claire Lake, has a normal surface area of 1.7 square miles, with a maximum capacity of 17,000 acre-feet and normal storage of 7200 acre-feet. Recreation includes fishing, boating and swimming. The county operates two units of its Lake Eau Claire County Park north and south of the lake itself. The dam is one of several in the Eau Claire – Chippewa Falls metropolitan area on the Eau Claire and Chippewa Rivers. As of 2010 the possibility of developing hydroelectric power at this dam was being investigated.

text:
# Eau Claire Dam

**Eau Claire Dam** is a dam in Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, United States.

The concrete gravity dam was dedicated on August 12, 1937, as the result of the largest Depression-era Works Progress Administration project in the entire state. Also known as the **Eau Claire River 2WP224 Dam** or the **Augusta Dam** (it stands about six miles north of Augusta, Wisconsin), the dam was developed on the site of the previous "Main River Dam" as a 24-foot-high, 251-foot-long structure impounding the Eau Claire River.

The reservoir it creates, **Eau Claire Lake**, has a normal surface area of 1.7 square miles, with a maximum capacity of 17,000 acre-feet and normal storage of 7200 acre-feet. Recreation includes fishing (for musky and walleyed pike), boating and swimming. The county operates two units of its Lake Eau Claire County Park north and south of the lake itself.

The dam is one of several in the Eau Claire – Chippewa Falls metropolitan area on the Eau Claire and Chippewa Rivers. As of 2010 the possibility of developing hydroelectric power at this dam was being investigated.

44°45′24″N 91°08′30″W / 44.756663°N 91.141706°W / 44.756663; -91.141706

## InfoBox

| Eau Claire Dam | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | United States |
| Location | Eau Claire County, Wisconsin |
| Status | Operational |
| Opening date | August 12, 1937 |


title: 1999 Uruguayan presidential primaries

abstract: Presidential primary elections were held in Uruguay on 25 April 1999 in order to nominate the presidential candidate for every political party taking part in the 1999 Uruguayan general election.

text:
# 1999 Uruguayan presidential primaries

**Presidential primary elections** were held in **Uruguay** on 25 April 1999 in order to nominate the presidential candidate for every political party taking part in the 1999 Uruguayan general election.

## Background

The formally called *elecciones internas* (Spanish for 'Internal elections') are the first stage of the electoral system established by the Constitution of 1997. This was the first election in whico the single candidates for President of Uruguay per party for the general election were elected. In addition, the integration of the National Deliberative Body and the different Departmental Deliberative Bodies of the different parties, which have the function of nominating the candidate for president and vice president of each party, and the candidates for mayors for the municipal elections of 2000 are also elected.

In accordance with the transitory provisions of the Constitution, the primary elections are held on the last Sunday of June of the electoral year, and those "qualified to vote"—all those over 18 years of age and registered in the Civic Registry and with a civic credential―can participate in the secret and non-compulsory suffrage.

In order to win the primary election and be proclaimed a presidential candidate, the pre-candidate must obtain an absolute majority of the party's valid votes. In the event that no pre-candidate obtains that majority, the winner will be the one that exceeds 40% of the votes and leads the second by no less than 10 percentage points. If none of these circumstances occur, the deliberative body elected in the election will nominate the party's candidate for president by an absolute majority of its members.

The participation of the parties in the elections is mandatory. In addition, each one had to obtain at least 500 votes to participate in the general elections.

## Candidates

The requirement to choose a single presidential candidate created tension in some parties.

* The National Party had five candidates:
    + **Luis Alberto Lacalle** (winner), who had been president from 1990 to 1995.
    + Juan Andrés Ramírez, former minister in Lacalle's cabinet (and afterwards an archenemy).
    + Alberto Volonté, former chair of UTE.
    + Álvaro Ramos, former minister in the cabinets of Lacalle and Sanguinetti.
    + Alem García, representative.

* The Colorado Party had five candidates:
    + **Jorge Batlle** (winner), member of a notable political family and senator.
    + Luis Hierro López, minister in Sanguinetti's cabinet.
    + Víctor Vaillant, former representative.
    + Federico Bouza, former senator.
    + César Cabrera.

* The Civic Union had two candidates:
    + **Luis Pieri** (winner)
    + Aldo Lamorte

Other parties had unopposed candidates running:


title: 1893 Transvaal presidential election

text:
# 1893 Transvaal presidential election

Presidential elections were held in the South African Republic in 1893. The result was a victory for Paul Kruger, although there were concerns that agents of Kruger had manipulated the electoral roll.

## Results

| Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Paul Kruger | 7,881 | 52.66 |
| Piet Joubert | 7,009 | 46.83 |
| John Gilbert Kotzé | 76 | 0.51 |
| Total | 14,966 | 100.00 |
|  | | |
| Source: Annual Register | | |

## InfoBox

1893 Transvaal presidential election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Paul Kruger** Piet Joubert   Popular vote **7,881** 7,009  Percentage **52.66%** 46.83% | |
| ---  **President before election**
Paul Kruger
 **Elected President**
Paul Kruger
 | |


title: Ed Konetchy

abstract: Edward Joseph Konetchy, nicknamed "Big Ed" and "the Candy Kid", was an American first baseman in Major League Baseball for a number of teams, primarily in the National League, from 1907 to 1921. He played for the St. Louis Cardinals (1907–1913), Pittsburgh Pirates (1914), Pittsburgh Rebels of the Federal League (1915), Boston Braves (1916–1918), Brooklyn Robins (1919–1921), and Philadelphia Phillies (1921). He batted and threw right-handed.

text:
# Ed Konetchy

**Edward Joseph Konetchy** (September 3, 1885 – May 27, 1947), nicknamed "**Big Ed**" and "**the Candy Kid**", was an American first baseman in Major League Baseball for a number of teams, primarily in the National League, from 1907 to 1921. He played for the St. Louis Cardinals (1907–1913), Pittsburgh Pirates (1914), Pittsburgh Rebels of the Federal League (1915), Boston Braves (1916–1918), Brooklyn Robins (1919–1921), and Philadelphia Phillies (1921). He batted and threw right-handed.

## Baseball career

Ed Konetchy was born on September 3, 1885, in La Crosse, Wisconsin, the son of immigrant Bohemian (Czech) parents. In his youth, he would play ball in the sandlots of La Crosse. For at least some time he attended Lincoln Middle School, and worked in a candy factory where he joined the factory's baseball team. At 19 he joined the La Crosse Pinks of the Class-D Wisconsin State League, playing with the team at a park in what is now the 23rd and 24th Street Historic Neighborhood, at the current site of Heeter's Car Care. While he was considered an above-average hitter (he batted over .300 four times) he was more known around the league for his supreme consistency, his never-faltering speed, and his high degree of defensive skill at first base.

Konetchy made his Major League debut with the St. Louis Cardinals in 1907, and went on to acquire 25 stolen bases in 1909, hit .302 in 1910, and pick up 88 RBIs in 1911. He also had a 20-game hitting streak in 1910. In 1911, with the Cards only three games out of first place in early July, the team was involved in a train crash on its way from Philadelphia to Boston. 47 passengers were injured, while twelve died. None of the Cardinals were seriously injured, due to a pre-trip change in the location of their car to the rear of the train. Konetchy and Cards manager Roger Bresnahan led the rescue effort, carrying many passengers to safety, some of whom may have died. Despite posting their first winning season since 1901, the Cardinals never recovered from the incident, finishing a distant fifth; but Konetchy led the NL with 38 doubles, and his own team with six home runs and 88 RBIs. He led the Cardinals in hits in 1909, 1910, 1911, and 1912. When Konetchy moved to the Pirates in 1914, he had a below-average season, followed by an above-average one in the same city, but on a different team in a different league. Playing for Pittsburgh of the Federal League, he tied his career high with a .314 average, with 10 home runs and 93 RBIs.

Soon, he was back in the National League, and he was picking up hits in droves. In 1920 with Brooklyn, Konetchy got his only shot at postseason play during his career, although Brooklyn (93-61) lost the World Series in seven games to the 98–56 Cleveland Indians. In the Series, Konetchy picked up four hits in 23 at bats, a .174 average. However, he did have 2 RBIs in the Series, and three walks.

By the end of 1920, he had surpassed 2000 career hits and was quite high on the all-time leaderboard (into the top 25). His final season was spent in Brooklyn and then Philadelphia, when the Phillies selected him off waivers on July 4, 1921.

Konetchy's major league career ended there. Besides playing first base, he had tried out pitching, having thrown in 3 games. One of them, at Chicago in 1918, was a fairly bad start in which he pitched a complete game and allowed 8 runs (6 earned). This is believed to be the last instance of a non-pitcher pitching even the first two innings of a game: Alvin Dark and César Tovar pitched a first inning, once each. His two relief appearances were more successful: in one, he went 4+23 innings and gave up no runs on one hit to get the win.

In 2085 games, he batted a solid .281 with 74 home runs and 992 RBIs. He had 2150 career hits in 7649 at bats. Konetchy also picked up 255 career stolen bases. He ended with a total of 344 doubles, and after having reached doubles figures in triples ten times, retired with 182, tying him for the 11th highest total in history. He finished his career with a .990 fielding percentage.

After leaving the majors, he played with Fort Worth of the Texas League from 1922 through 1927, batting .345 with 41 home runs in 1925. After retiring, he went into business with pitching star Joe Pate.

He died in Fort Worth, Texas, at the age of 61. The cause was heart disease. He was posthumously inducted into the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 1961. His interment was located at Fort Worth's cemetery Greenwood Memorial Park.

## Highlights

* Stole home twice on September 30, 1907, against Boston
* Broke up four no-hitters over the course of his career
* Hit two inside-the-park home runs against Brooklyn on August 5, 1912
* Picked up hits in 10 consecutive at bats in 1919, tying a record which would later be broken
* Led the league in total bases in 1915 (278)
* Made the Top 10 in the league in batting average six times (1909, 1910, 1912, 1915, 1919, 1920)
* Recorded the third-most career putouts in MLB history
* Has the most career triples of any player not in the Hall of Fame

## Quotes

* "I know I tried to play baseball as soon as I was big enough to raise a bat from the ground." – Konetchy
* "Hard work. I made it my business to study closely the pitchers who bothered me most, particularly Nap Rucker's high fastball." – Konetchy, when asked how he improved his batting
* "I suppose every player had the ambition to be a pitcher, and it may be that I might have had some chance to succeed if I had ever tried." – Konetchy
* "I'm the most traded man in baseball without getting anywhere." – Konetchy on swirling trade rumors while in St. Louis
* "The Federal League is the best league I have ever been connected with." – Konetchy
* "Ed Koney's still a kid first baseman, just getting limbered up. You tell 'em." – Konetchy on being the oldest player in the NL
* “One of the fellows stepped forward, shook my hand and greeted me cordially. Then he began speaking in what I later found out was Greek. I stopped him and told him that I was very sorry, but that I happened to be Bohemian. He looked puzzled, then disappointed, glanced at me, then the big floral piece, which was fully as tall as I am, and said, ‘You take it, kid, and the best of luck to you.’” – Konetchy on being approached by a group of Greek fans at a Cardinals/Pirates game, Pittsburgh, 1907

## InfoBox

| Ed Konetchy | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **First baseman** | |
| **Born:** September 3, 1885
La Crosse, Wisconsin, U.S. | |
| **Died:** May 27, 1947(1947-05-27) (aged 61)
Fort Worth, Texas, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| June 29, 1907, for the St. Louis Cardinals | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| October 1, 1921, for the Philadelphia Phillies | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .281 |
| Hits | 2,150 |
| Home runs | 74 |
| Runs batted in | 992 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: 1911 Cleveland Naps season

abstract: The 1911 Cleveland Naps season was a season in American major league baseball. It involved the Cleveland Naps attempting to win the American League pennant and finishing in third place. They had a record of 80 wins and 73 losses. The Naps played their home games at League Park II.

text:
# 1911 Cleveland Naps season

The **1911 Cleveland Naps season** was a season in American major league baseball. It involved the Cleveland Naps attempting to win the American League pennant and finishing in third place (22 games back). They had a record of 80 wins and 73 losses.

The Naps played their home games at League Park II.

## Regular season

### Addie Joss

Addie Joss, the ace starting pitcher for the Naps, experienced fainting spells while training for the 1911 season. He died of tubercular meningitis on April 14, at his home in Toledo, Ohio, leaving behind his wife and two young children. Joss's funeral took place on April 17 in Toledo, when the Naps were scheduled to play the Detroit Tigers. The players declared their intention to strike if the game that day was not postponed. Though American League president Ban Johnson initially did not agree, he cancelled the game. Several Tigers players attended the funeral as well.

Charles Sommers, the owner of the Naps, began to plan the Addie Joss Benefit Game, which was held at League Park in Cleveland on July 24, a mutual off day for all teams in the American League. An all-star team played against Cleveland, defeating the Naps by a score of 5–3. In total, nine players from the game were later inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame: Cy Young and Nap Lajoie for Cleveland, Walter Johnson, Ty Cobb, Eddie Collins, Tris Speaker, Sam Crawford, Home Run Baker, and Bobby Wallace for the all-stars. The game raised $12,914 for Joss's widow ($422,288 in current dollar terms); the sum was more than double Joss's annual salary.

### Season highlights

In his rookie season, Shoeless Joe Jackson hit .408, which ranked second in the American League. He also finished in the league top 10 in home runs, RBI, runs scored, and stolen bases. Jackson was fourth in the Chalmers MVP Award voting.

Vean Gregg led the starting pitchers of the team in several categories: he had a total of 23 wins and seven losses; he pitched 244+23 innings, yet maintained a league-leading 1.80 ERA, while striking out 125 batters.

Young, 44 years old at the time, played part of his final season with the 1911 Cleveland Naps team.

### Season standings

American League
| Team |  |  | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Philadelphia Athletics | 101 | 50 | .669 |  | 5420 | 4730 |
| Detroit Tigers | 89 | 65 | .578 | 13½ | 5125 | 3840 |
| Cleveland Naps | 80 | 73 | .523 | 22 | 4630 | 3443 |
| Boston Red Sox | 78 | 75 | .510 | 24 | 3937 | 3938 |
| Chicago White Sox | 77 | 74 | .510 | 24 | 4037 | 3737 |
| New York Highlanders | 76 | 76 | .500 | 25½ | 3640 | 4036 |
| Washington Senators | 64 | 90 | .416 | 38½ | 3938 | 2552 |
| St. Louis Browns | 45 | 107 | .296 | 56½ | 2553 | 2054 |

### Record vs. opponents

| <br>Sources: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | BOS | CWS | CLE | DET | NYH | PHA | SLB | WSH |
| Boston |  | 11–11 | 11–11 | 10–12 | 12–10 | 9–13 | 12–9 | 13–9 |
| Chicago | 11–11 |  | 6–15–2 | 8–14 | 13–9 | 9–11–1 | 17–5 | 13–9 |
| Cleveland | 11–11 | 15–6–2 |  | 6–16 | 14–8–1 | 5–17 | 15–7 | 14–8 |
| Detroit | 12–10 | 14–8 | 16–6 |  | 7–15 | 12–10 | 14–8 | 14–8 |
| New York | 10–12 | 9–13 | 8–14–1 | 15–7 |  | 6–15 | 16–5 | 12–10 |
| Philadelphia | 13–9 | 11–9–1 | 17–5 | 10–12 | 15–6 |  | 20–2 | 15–7 |
| St. Louis | 9–12 | 5–17 | 7–15 | 8–14 | 5–16 | 2–20 |  | 9–13 |
| Washington | 9–13 | 9–13 | 8–14 | 8–14 | 10–12 | 7–15 | 13–9 |  |

### Roster

| 1911 Cleveland Naps | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Roster** | | | | | | | | | |
| **Pitchers** |  | **Catchers** **Infielders** |  | **Outfielders** |  | **Managers** |

## Player stats

### Batting

#### Starters by position

*Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Pos | Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C | Gus Fisher | 70 | 203 | 53 | .261 | 0 | 12 |
| 1B | George Stovall | 126 | 458 | 124 | .271 | 0 | 79 |
| 2B | Neal Ball | 116 | 412 | 122 | .296 | 3 | 45 |
| 3B | Terry Turner | 117 | 417 | 105 | .252 | 0 | 28 |
| SS | Ivy Olson | 140 | 545 | 142 | .261 | 1 | 50 |
| OF | Joe Jackson | 147 | 571 | 233 | .408 | 7 | 83 |
| OF | Jack Graney | 146 | 527 | 142 | .269 | 1 | 45 |
| OF | Joe Birmingham | 125 | 447 | 136 | .304 | 2 | 51 |

#### Other batters

*Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Nap Lajoie | 90 | 315 | 115 | .365 | 2 | 60 |
| Ted Easterly | 99 | 287 | 93 | .324 | 1 | 37 |
| Syd Smith | 58 | 154 | 46 | .299 | 1 | 21 |
| Hank Butcher | 38 | 133 | 32 | .241 | 1 | 11 |
| Grover Land | 35 | 107 | 15 | .140 | 0 | 10 |
| Art Griggs | 27 | 68 | 17 | .250 | 1 | 7 |
| Bill Lindsay | 19 | 66 | 16 | .242 | 0 | 5 |
| Cotton Knaupp | 13 | 39 | 4 | .103 | 0 | 0 |
| Steve O'Neill | 9 | 27 | 4 | .148 | 0 | 1 |
| Jack Mills | 13 | 17 | 5 | .294 | 0 | 1 |
| Dave Callahan | 6 | 16 | 4 | .250 | 0 | 0 |
| Tim Hendryx | 4 | 7 | 2 | .286 | 0 | 0 |
| Herman Bronkie | 2 | 6 | 1 | .167 | 0 | 0 |
| Bert Adams | 2 | 5 | 1 | .200 | 0 | 0 |
| Ben Demott | 2 | 4 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 0 |

### Pitching

#### Starting pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Vean Gregg | 34 | 244.2 | 23 | 7 | 1.80 | 125 |
| Gene Krapp | 35 | 222.0 | 13 | 9 | 3.41 | 132 |
| Willie Mitchell | 30 | 177.1 | 7 | 14 | 3.76 | 78 |
| Cy Falkenberg | 15 | 106.2 | 8 | 5 | 3.29 | 46 |
| Bill James | 8 | 51.2 | 2 | 4 | 4.88 | 21 |
| Cy Young | 7 | 46.1 | 3 | 4 | 3.88 | 20 |
| Earl Yingling | 4 | 22.1 | 1 | 0 | 4.33 | 6 |
| Ben Demott | 1 | 3.2 | 0 | 1 | 12.27 | 2 |

#### Other pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Fred Blanding | 29 | 176.0 | 7 | 11 | 3.68 | 80 |
| George Kahler | 30 | 154.1 | 9 | 8 | 3.27 | 97 |
| Hi West | 13 | 64.2 | 3 | 4 | 3.76 | 17 |
| Spec Harkness | 12 | 53.1 | 2 | 2 | 4.22 | 25 |
| Jim Baskette | 4 | 21.1 | 1 | 2 | 3.38 | 8 |
| Josh Swindell | 4 | 17.1 | 0 | 1 | 2.08 | 6 |
| Pat Paige | 2 | 16.0 | 1 | 0 | 4.50 | 6 |
| Bugs Reisigl | 2 | 13.0 | 0 | 1 | 6.23 | 6 |

## Awards and honors

### League top ten finishers

**Vean Gregg**

* MLB leader in ERA (1.80)
* #2 in AL in shutouts (5)
* #4 in AL in wins (23)
* #8 in AL in complete games (22)

**Shoeless Joe Jackson**

* MLB leader in on-base percentage (.468)
* #2 in AL in batting average (.408)
* #2 in AL in slugging percentage (.590)
* #2 in AL in runs scored (126)
* #2 in AL in hits (233)
* #2 in AL in doubles (45)
* #3 in AL in triples (19)
* #4 in AL in home runs (7)
* #6 in AL in stolen bases (41)
* #9 in AL in RBI (83)

**Gene Krapp**

* #10 in AL in strikeouts (132)

## InfoBox

| 1911 Cleveland Naps | |
| --- | --- |
| League | American League |
| Ballpark | League Park II |
| City | Cleveland, Ohio |
| Owners | Charles Somers |
| Managers | Deacon McGuire, George Stovall |
|  | |


title: 1911 Cisleithanian legislative election

abstract:
Legislative elections to elect members of the Imperial Council were held in Cisleithania, the Austrian section of Austria-Hungary over several days in June and July 1911.
A coalition of German national and liberal parties, the Deutscher Nationalverband, emerged as the largest bloc in Parliament, holding 100 of the 516 seats. Voter turnout was 80.2%. This was the second election under universal male suffrage, and the last before the dissolution of the empire as a result of World War I. At that dissolution it was the German representatives that formed the first truly Austrian legislative body of the Republic of German-Austria. In the German-speaking areas the results however were similar to the previous elections in 1907, with the Christian Socials as the largest party, followed by the Social Democrats (43) and the German People's Party (32). Both the major parties lost seats, and the parties which gained were the moderate centre and the radicals. Results varied by province, with Lower Austria providing the political base for the two largest parties. There was a wide difference between rural areas and urban, a split that had become more evident since 1907, with the Christian Socials losing their support in the outer belt of Viennese districts. Support for the German People's Party was more even. The German People's Party found its support in the middle strata of Austrian society. On the other hand, industrialists rejected this party in favour of the Freisinnige group, particularly the German Progressive Party, as did the more prosperous merchants. Among the non-German nationalities, the results also differed widely between nations.

text:
# 1911 Cisleithanian legislative election

Legislative elections to elect members of the Imperial Council were held in Cisleithania, the Austrian section of Austria-Hungary over several days in June and July 1911. A coalition of German national and liberal parties, the *Deutscher Nationalverband*, emerged as the largest bloc in Parliament, holding 100 of the 516 seats. Voter turnout was 80.2%.

This was the second election under universal male suffrage, and the last before the dissolution of the empire as a result of World War I. At that dissolution it was the German representatives that formed the first truly Austrian legislative body of the Republic of German-Austria.

In the German-speaking areas the results however were similar to the previous elections in 1907, with the Christian Socials as the largest party (76 seats), followed by the Social Democrats (43) and the German People's Party (32). Both the major parties lost seats, and the parties which gained were the moderate centre and the radicals. Results varied by province, with Lower Austria providing the political base for the two largest parties. There was a wide difference between rural areas (Christian Social) and urban (Social Democrat), a split (social cleavage) that had become more evident since 1907, with the Christian Socials losing their support in the outer belt of Viennese districts. Support for the German People's Party was more even. The German People's Party found its support in the middle strata of Austrian society. On the other hand, industrialists rejected this party in favour of the *Freisinnige* group, particularly the German Progressive Party, as did the more prosperous merchants.

Among the non-German nationalities, the results also differed widely between nations.

## Results

| Party | | Votes | % | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Croatian Nation | | | | |
|  | People's Party | 33,565 | 0.74 | 5 |
|  | Pure Party of Rights | 28,254 | 0.62 | 4 |
|  | Croatian Nationalists | 20,770 | 0.46 | 3 |
|  | Social Democratic Party of Croatia and Slavonia | 329 | 0.01 | 0 |
| Czech Nation | | | | |
|  | Social Democratic Party (Autonomists) | 357,234 | 7.87 | 25 |
|  | Czech Agrarian Party | 257,717 | 5.68 | 37 |
|  | Catholic-National Conservative Parties in Bohemia and Moravia | 128,056 | 2.82 | 7 |
|  | Czech National Social Party | 95,901 | 2.11 | 13 |
|  | Christian Social Parties in Bohemia and Moravia | 83,124 | 1.83 | 0 |
|  | Young Czech Party | 56,673 | 1.25 | 14 |
|  | Czech Progressive People's Party | 34,443 | 0.76 | 5 |
|  | Czech Constitutionalist Progressive Party | 20,881 | 0.46 | 4 |
|  | Social Democratic Party (Centralists) | 19,374 | 0.43 | 1 |
|  | Czech Independents | 10,832 | 0.24 | 1 |
|  | Old Czech Party | 9,872 | 0.22 | 1 |
|  | Paper candidates | 9,836 | 0.22 | 0 |
|  | Czech Realist Party | 4,984 | 0.11 | 0 |
|  | Officials’ Party | 3,201 | 0.07 | 0 |
|  | Czech National Party | 1,893 | 0.04 | 0 |
| German Nation | | | | |
|  | Christian Social Party | 608,346 | 13.41 | 75 |
|  | Social Democratic Party | 542,549 | 11.96 | 44 |
|  | Agrarian Party | 106,548 | 2.35 | 22 |
|  | German Radical Party | 90,523 | 2.00 | 22 |
|  | German People's Party | 71,882 | 1.58 | 21 |
|  | German Progressive Party | 71,114 | 1.57 | 15 |
|  | Deutschfreiheitliche Partei | 66,738 | 1.47 | 15 |
|  | German-National Party | 28,689 | 0.63 | 5 |
|  | German Workers' Party | 26,670 | 0.59 | 3 |
|  | Upper Austrian Farmers' Club | 22,009 | 0.49 | 0 |
|  | Pan-German Association | 20,527 | 0.45 | 4 |
|  | German Miners and Farmers' Association | 15,301 | 0.34 | 0 |
|  | German Independents | 14,934 | 0.33 | 2 |
|  | German Conservatives | 14,597 | 0.32 | 0 |
|  | Independent Christian Socials | 10,299 | 0.23 | 1 |
|  | Paper candidates | 7,569 | 0.17 | 0 |
|  | Central Industrial Committee | 6,422 | 0.14 | 0 |
|  | Free Socialists | 4,074 | 0.09 | 1 |
|  | German Conservative Farmers' Party | 3,623 | 0.08 | 0 |
|  | Imperial Economic Policy Party | 2,885 | 0.06 | 1 |
|  | Social Politicians | 2,735 | 0.06 | 1 |
|  | German Economic Party | 1,893 | 0.04 | 0 |
| Italian Nation | | | | |
|  | Italian Liberal Party | 41,928 | 0.92 | 5 |
|  | Italian People's Party | 40,543 | 0.89 | 10 |
|  | Italian Social Democratic Party | 23,068 | 0.51 | 3 |
|  | Italian National-Liberal Party | 5,925 | 0.13 | 1 |
|  | Italian Liberal Farmers' Association | 3,685 | 0.08 | 0 |
|  | Italian Independents | 436 | 0.01 | 0 |
|  | Democratic Party | 321 | 0.01 | 0 |
| Jewish Candidates | | | | |
|  | Jewish National Party | 31,781 | 0.70 | 1 |
| Polish Nation | | | | |
|  | Polish People's Party | 185,674 | 4.09 | 24 |
|  | Polish Conservative Party | 137,199 | 3.02 | 17 |
|  | Polish National Democratic Party | 98,460 | 2.17 | 10 |
|  | Polish Democratic Party | 84,181 | 1.86 | 13 |
|  | Polish Social Democratic Party | 64,569 | 1.42 | 8 |
|  | Polish Independents | 38,028 | 0.84 | 3 |
|  | Polish Centre Party | 23,139 | 0.51 | 1 |
|  | Galician Christian Social Party | 21,982 | 0.48 | 3 |
|  | Independent Socialists | 6,515 | 0.14 | 2 |
|  | Polish Pro-German Party | 5,902 | 0.13 | 0 |
|  | Independent Democrats | 4,302 | 0.09 | 1 |
|  | Polish Progressive Democratic Party | 2,933 | 0.06 | 1 |
| Romanian Nation | | | | |
|  | Romanian National (Defense) Party | 38,408 | 0.85 | 4 |
|  | Romanian National (Democratic) Party | 11,810 | 0.26 | 1 |
|  | Romanian Independents | 5,728 | 0.13 | 0 |
| Ruthenian Nation | | | | |
|  | Ukrainian Party–Young Ruthenian Party | 326,955 | 7.21 | 23 |
|  | Russian National Party | 128,160 | 2.82 | 2 |
|  | Ukrainian Radical Party | 54,701 | 1.21 | 5 |
|  | Ukrainian Social Democratic Party | 21,618 | 0.48 | 1 |
| Serbian Nation | | | | |
|  | Serb People's Party | 11,460 | 0.25 | 2 |
| Slovenian Nation | | | | |
|  | Slovene People's Party | 54,089 | 1.19 | 10 |
|  | Slovene Christian Social Party | 43,203 | 0.95 | 10 |
|  | Slovene Liberal Party | 33,170 | 0.73 | 2 |
|  | Slovenian Nationalists | 16,858 | 0.37 | 1 |
|  | Slovene Social Democratic Party | 14,368 | 0.32 | 0 |
|  | Slovenian Pro-Germans | 5,260 | 0.12 | 0 |
|  | Slovenian Independents | 3,408 | 0.08 | 0 |
| Unknown or split | | | | |
| Unknown or split votes | | 30,453 | 0.67 |  |
| Total | | 4,537,086 | 100.00 | 516 |
|  | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 4,537,086 | 98.10 |  |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 87,996 | 1.90 |  |
| Total votes | | 4,625,082 | 100.00 |  |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 5,767,065 | 80.20 |  |
| Source: ANNO | | | | |

### By parliamentary grouping

| Party | | Seats | +/– |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Deutscher Nationalverband | 100 | +49 |
|  | Uniform Bohemian Club | 84 | New |
|  | Christian Social Union | 73 | –23 |
|  | Poland Club | 70 | +15 |
|  | Club of German Social Democrats | 49 | –1 |
|  | Ukrainian Association | 28 | +3 |
|  | Croatian-Slovenian Club | 27 | New |
|  | Club of Bohemian Social Democrats | 25 | +1 |
|  | Latin Union | 21 | New |
|  | Club of Polish Social Democrats | 9 | +3 |
|  | Dalmatian Club | 7 | New |
|  | Independents | 23 | +11 |
| Total | | 516 | 0 |
|  | | | |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | | | |

1. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) *Elections in Europe: A data handbook*, p196 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
2. Nohlen & Stöver, p209
3. Stanley Z. Pech (1989) "Political Parties among Austrian Slavs: A Comparative Analysis of the 1911 *Reichsrat* Election Results" Canadian Slavonic Papers, Vol. 31, No. 2, Essays in Honour of Peter Brock (June, 1989), pp170–193

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

1911 Cisleithanian legislative election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  All 516 seats in the Imperial Council
259 seats needed for a majority | |
| Turnout | 4,625,082 (80.20%) |
| First party Second party Third party   Leader Prince Louis Victor Adler Antonín Švehla  Party CS SPÖ RSZML  Alliance Christian Social Union Club of German Social Democrats Uniform Bohemian Club  Leader since 1910 1 January 1889 1909  Leader's seat House of Lords Lower Austria Bohemian Diet  Last election 65 seats, 11.73% 50 seats, 11.12% 27 seats, 4.48%  Seats won 75 46 36  Seat change  10  4  9  Popular vote 608,346 542,549 257,717  Percentage 13.41% 11.96% 5.68%  Swing  1.68%  0.84%  1.20%   ---  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Antonín Němec Gustav Groß Jan Stapiński  Party ČSSD DFP PSL  Alliance Club of Bohemian Social Democrats German National Association Poland Club  Leader since 1904  1908  Leader's seat Bohemia Moravia Galicia  Last election 22 seats, 8.45% 19 seats, 2.24% 16 seats, 3.60%  Seats won 25 25 24  Seat change  3  6  8  Popular vote 357,234 71,114 185,674  Percentage 7.87% 1.57% 4.09%  Swing  0.58%  0.67%  0.49% | |
| ---  Seats of the House of Deputies of the Imperial Austro-Hungarian Council. Situation after the November 1911 **Cisleithanian legislative elections**. The seats are marked by nationality. | |
| ---  **Minister-President of Cisleithania before election**
Richard von Bienerth-Schmerling
Independent **Elected Minister-President of Cisleithania**
Paul Gautsch von Frankenthurn
CS | |