title: Düren (electoral district)

abstract: Düren is an electoral constituency represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 89. It is located in western North Rhine-Westphalia, comprising the Düren district. Düren was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. Since 2005, it has been represented by Thomas Rachel of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).

text:
# Düren (electoral district)

**Düren** is an electoral constituency (German: *Wahlkreis*) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 89. It is located in western North Rhine-Westphalia, comprising the Düren district.

Düren was created for the inaugural 1949 federal election. Since 2005, it has been represented by Thomas Rachel of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).

## Geography

Düren is located in western North Rhine-Westphalia. As of the 2021 federal election, it is coterminous with the Düren district.

## History

Düren was created in 1949, then known as *Düren – Monschau – Schleiden*. It acquired its current name in the 1965 election. In the 1949 election, it was North Rhine-Westphalia constituency 4 in the numbering system. In the 1953 through 1961 elections, it was number 63. From 1965 through 1998, it was number 56. From 2002 through 2009, it was number 91. In the 2013 through 2021 elections, it was number 90. From the 2025 election, it has been number 89.

Originally, the constituency comprised the districts of Düren, Monschau, and Schleiden. In the 1972 election, it was coterminous with Düren district. In the 1976 election, it also contained the municipalities of Bedburg and Elsdorf from the Erftkreis district. It acquired its current borders in the 1980 election.

| Election | No. | Name | Borders |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1949 | 4 | Düren – Monschau – Schleiden | * Düren district * Monschau district * Schleiden district |
| 1953 | | | 63 |
| | | | 1957 |
| | | | 1961 |
| 1965 | 56 | | Düren |
| | | | 1969 |
| | | 1972 |  |
| | | 1976 |  |
| | | 1980 |  |
| | | 1983 |
| | | 1987 |
| | | 1990 |
| | | 1994 |
| | | 1998 |
| | | 2002 | 91 |
| | | 2005 |
| | | 2009 |
| | | 2013 | 90 |
| | | 2017 |
| | | 2021 |
| | | 2025 | 89 |

## Members

The constituency has been held by the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) during all but two Bundestag terms since its creation. It was first represented by Bernhard Günther from 1949 to 1965, followed by Bert Even and Herbert Hermesdorf, each for a single term. Wolfgang Vogt was elected in 1972 and served until 1994. Thomas Rachel was elected in the 1994 election but defeated in 1998, when Dietmar Nietan of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) won the constituency. In 2005, Rachel regained it for the CDU. He was re-elected in 2009, 2013, 2017, and 2021.

| Election | | Member | Party | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1949 | Bernhard Günther | CDU | 61.5 |
| | 1953 | | | 69.3 |
| | 1957 | | | 73.0 |
| | 1961 | | | 66.6 |
|  | 1965 | Bert Even | CDU | 64.7 |
|  | 1969 | Herbert Hermesdorf | CDU | 60.0 |
|  | 1972 | Wolfgang Vogt | CDU | 51.2 |
| | 1976 | | | 52.8 |
| | 1980 | | | 50.1 |
| | 1983 | | | 54.6 |
| | 1987 | | | 49.2 |
| | 1990 | | | 44.8 |
|  | 1994 | Thomas Rachel | CDU | 46.2 |
|  | 1998 | Dietmar Nietan | SPD | 47.1 |
| | 2002 | | | 45.5 |
|  | 2005 | Thomas Rachel | CDU | 45.0 |
| | 2009 | | | 46.4 |
| | 2013 | | | 50.4 |
| | 2017 | | | 41.9 |
| | 2021 | | | 36.7 |

## Election results

### 2021 election

| Federal election (2021): Düren | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Notes: | | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | | | | | | | |
| Party | | Candidate | | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% |
|  | CDU | Y Thomas Rachel | | 55,719 | 36.7 | 5.2 | 46,217 | 30.4 | 4.5 |
|  | SPD | Dietmar Nietan | | 46,734 | 30.8 | 1.0 | 44,058 | 29.0 | 0.2 |
|  | Greens | Chris Andrä | | 14,174 | 9.3 | 3.8 | 16,951 | 11.1 | 5.7 |
|  | AfD | Wolfgang Kochs | | 12,947 | 8.5 | 0.4 | 13,171 | 8.7 | 1.0 |
|  | FDP | Laura Jacobsen-Littig | | 11,237 | 7.4 | 1.5 | 17,104 | 11.2 | 0.2 |
|  | Left | Valentin Veithen | | 3,449 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 4,570 | 3.0 | 2.9 |
|  | Human Environment Animal Protection |  | | | | | 2,465 | 1.6 | 0.8 |
|  | PARTEI | Stephan Staß | | 2,298 | 1.5 |  | 1,387 | 0.9 | 0.3 |
|  | FW | Frank Bank | | 2,196 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 1,296 | 0.9 | 0.5 |
|  | dieBasis | Werner Hürttlen | | 1,565 | 1.0 |  | 1,545 | 1.0 |  |
|  | Pirates | Philipp Eismar | | 1,146 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 730 | 0.5 | 0.0 |
|  | Team Todenhöfer |  | | | | | 641 | 0.4 |  |
|  | Volt |  | | | | | 514 | 0.3 |  |
|  | Unabhängige | Peter Helmer | | 473 | 0.3 |  |  | | |
|  | LIEBE |  | | | | | 260 | 0.2 |  |
|  | Gesundheitsforschung |  | | | | | 222 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
|  | NPD |  | | | | | 179 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
|  | LfK |  | | | | | 166 | 0.1 |  |
|  | Bündnis C |  | | | | | 162 | 0.1 |  |
|  | du. |  | | | | | 90 | 0.1 |  |
|  | ÖDP |  | | | | | 88 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
|  | Humanists |  | | | | | 87 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
|  | V-Partei3 |  | | | | | 83 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
|  | PdF |  | | | | | 54 | 0.0 |  |
|  | LKR |  | | | | | 34 | 0.0 |  |
|  | DKP |  | | | | | 32 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
|  | MLPD |  | | | | | 12 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
|  | SGP |  | | | | | 10 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Informal votes | | | | 1,707 |  |  | 1,516 |  |  |
| **Total valid votes** | | | | 151,938 |  |  | 152,129 |  |  |
| **Turnout** | | | | 153,645 | 77.0 | 1.0 |  | | |
|  | CDU **hold** | | **Majority** | 8,985 | 5.9 | 4.2 |  | | |

### 2017 election

| Federal election (2017): Düren | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Notes: | | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | | | | | | | |
| Party | | Candidate | | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% |
|  | CDU | Y Thomas Rachel | | 62,711 | 41.9 | 8.5 | 52,412 | 34.9 | 9.4 |
|  | SPD | Dietmar Nietan | | 47,543 | 31.7 | 2.5 | 43,816 | 29.2 | 0.5 |
|  | AfD | Bernd Essler | | 13,404 | 8.9 |  | 14,432 | 9.6 | 5.6 |
|  | FDP | Katharina Kloke | | 8,788 | 5.9 | 4.0 | 17,155 | 11.4 | 6.5 |
|  | Greens | Oliver Krischer | | 8,235 | 5.5 | 0.6 | 8,198 | 5.5 | 0.6 |
|  | Left | Valentin Veithen | | 6,611 | 4.4 | 0.7 | 8,809 | 5.9 | 0.5 |
|  | Human Environment Animal Protection |  | | | | | 1,293 | 0.9 |  |
|  | PARTEI |  | | | | | 844 | 0.6 | 0.1 |
|  | Pirates | Gunther Neubert | | 1,420 | 0.9 | 2.5 | 789 | 0.5 | 1.9 |
|  | FW | Walter Leo Schreinemacher | | 1,126 | 0.8 |  | 500 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
|  | NPD |  | | | | | 411 | 0.3 | 0.8 |
|  | AD-DEMOKRATEN |  | | | | | 392 | 0.3 |  |
|  | Volksabstimmung |  | | | | | 170 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
|  | Gesundheitsforschung |  | | | | | 143 | 0.1 |  |
|  | ÖDP |  | | | | | 142 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
|  | DiB |  | | | | | 133 | 0.1 |  |
|  | V-Partei³ |  | | | | | 129 | 0.1 |  |
|  | DM |  | | | | | 117 | 0.1 |  |
|  | BGE |  | | | | | 112 | 0.1 |  |
|  | Die Humanisten |  | | | | | 69 | 0.0 |  |
|  | MLPD |  | | | | | 32 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
|  | DKP |  | | | | | 27 | 0.0 |  |
|  | SGP |  | | | | | 9 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Informal votes | | | | 1,757 |  |  | 1,461 |  |  |
| **Total valid votes** | | | | 149,838 |  |  | 150,134 |  |  |
| **Turnout** | | | | 151,595 | 75.9 | 3.0 |  | | |
|  | CDU **hold** | | **Majority** | 15,168 | 10.2 | 6.0 |  | | |

### 2013 election

| Federal election (2013): Düren | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Notes: | | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | | | | | | | |
| Party | | Candidate | | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% |
|  | CDU | Y Thomas Rachel | | 71,903 | 50.4 | 4.0 | 63,532 | 44.3 | 6.6 |
|  | SPD | Dietmar Nietan | | 48,849 | 34.2 | 3.4 | 42,549 | 29.7 | 4.2 |
|  | Left | Michael Aggelidis | | 7,288 | 5.1 | 2.0 | 8,120 | 5.7 | 2.7 |
|  | Greens | Oliver Krischer | | 6,951 | 4.9 | 1.5 | 8,729 | 6.1 | 1.7 |
|  | Pirates | Marcus Friedrich | | 4,867 | 3.4 |  | 3,478 | 2.4 | 0.8 |
|  | FDP | Jörn Langefeld | | 2,722 | 1.9 | 5.7 | 7,102 | 5.0 | 10.1 |
|  | AfD |  | | | | | 5,732 | 4.0 |  |
|  | NPD |  | | | | | 1,565 | 1.1 | 0.4 |
|  | PARTEI |  | | | | | 652 | 0.5 |  |
|  | Volksabstimmung |  | | | | | 373 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
|  | FW |  | | | | | 344 | 0.2 |  |
|  | PRO |  | | | | | 311 | 0.2 |  |
|  | Nichtwahler |  | | | | | 238 | 0.2 |  |
|  | Independent | Mehmet Babatankuz | | 196 | 0.1 |  |  | | |
|  | REP |  | | | | | 183 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
|  | ÖDP |  | | | | | 148 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
|  | Party of Reason |  | | | | | 122 | 0.1 |  |
|  | RRP |  | | | | | 74 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
|  | BIG |  | | | | | 67 | 0.0 |  |
|  | Die Rechte |  | | | | | 46 | 0.0 |  |
|  | PSG |  | | | | | 40 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
|  | BüSo |  | | | | | 35 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
|  | MLPD |  | | | | | 31 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Informal votes | | | | 2,765 |  |  | 2,070 |  |  |
| **Total valid votes** | | | | 142,776 |  |  | 143,471 |  |  |
| **Turnout** | | | | 145,541 | 72.9 | 0.9 |  | | |
|  | CDU **hold** | | **Majority** | 23,054 | 16.2 | 0.6 |  | | |

### 2009 election

| Federal election (2009): Düren | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Notes: | | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | | | | | | | |
| Party | | Candidate | | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% |
|  | CDU | Y Thomas Rachel | | 65,662 | 46.4 | 1.3 | 53,597 | 47.7 | 0.8 |
|  | SPD | Dietmar Nietan | | 43,655 | 30.8 | 12.0 | 36,209 | 25.5 | 12.2 |
|  | FDP | Jörn Langefeld | | 10,745 | 7.6 | 3.9 | 21,383 | 15.1 | 5.6 |
|  | Left | Valentin Veithen | | 10,079 | 7.1 | 2.8 | 11,924 | 8.4 | 2.9 |
|  | Greens | Oliver Krischer | | 8,956 | 6.3 | 3.4 | 11,102 | 7.8 | 2.1 |
|  | Pirates |  | | | | | 2,273 | 1.6 |  |
|  | NPD | Ingo Haller | | 2,514 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 2,066 | 1.5 | 0.5 |
|  | Human Environment Animal Protection |  | | | | | 1,100 | 0.8 | 0.2 |
|  | FAMILIE |  | | | | | 891 | 0.6 | 0.1 |
|  | RENTNER |  | | | | | 592 | 0.4 |  |
|  | REP |  | | | | | 259 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
|  | RRP |  | | | | | 207 | 0.1 |  |
|  | Volksabstimmung |  | | | | | 201 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
|  | DVU |  | | | | | 74 | 0.1 |  |
|  | Centre |  | | | | | 72 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
|  | ÖDP |  | | | | | 62 | 0.0 |  |
|  | BüSo |  | | | | | 28 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
|  | MLPD |  | | | | | 20 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
|  | PSG |  | | | | | 19 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Informal votes | | | | 2,447 |  |  | 1,979 |  |  |
| **Total valid votes** | | | | 141,611 |  |  | 142,079 |  |  |
| **Turnout** | | | | 144,058 | 72.1 | 5.5 |  | | |
|  | CDU **hold** | | **Majority** | 22,007 | 15.6 | 13.4 |  | | |

## InfoBox

| 89 Düren | |
| --- | --- |
| Electoral district
for the Bundestag | |
| Düren in 2025 | |
| State | North Rhine-Westphalia |
| Population | 264,600 (2019) |
| Electorate | 199,656 (2021) |
| Major settlements | Düren
Jülich |
| Area | 941.5 km2 |
| Current electoral district | |
| Created | 1949 |
| Party | CDU |
| Member | Thomas Rachel |
| Elected | 2005, 2009, 2013, 2017, 2021 |


title: Dyschirius unipunctatus

abstract: Dyschirius unipunctatus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Fall in 1901.

text:
# Dyschirius unipunctatus

***Dyschirius unipunctatus*** is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Fall in 1901.

## InfoBox

| *Dyschirius unipunctatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Dyschirius* |
| Species: | ***D. unipunctatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dyschirius unipunctatus***<br>Fall, 1901 | |
|


title: 10 Years of Abuse (and Still Broke)

abstract: 10 Years of Abuse is sludge metal band Eyehategod's only live album, released on May 29, 2001. Although not all the tracks are live, it is still considered a live album, as the majority of tracks are live, and there are no studio tracks.

text:
# 10 Years of Abuse (and Still Broke)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal* | 7/10 |
| *Kerrang!* |  |

***10 Years of Abuse (and Still Broke)*** is sludge metal band Eyehategod's only live album, released on May 29, 2001. Although not all the tracks are live, it is still considered a live album, as the majority of tracks are live, and there are no studio tracks (the rest consist of demos and radio performances).

## Track listing

1. "Left To Starve" – 5:08
2. "Hit a Girl" – 5:16
3. "Depress" – 9:29
4. "Children of God" – 4:44
5. "White Nigger" – 4:08
6. "Depress" – 3:28
7. "Take as Needed for Pain" – 5:08
8. "My Name is God (I Hate You)" – 5:07
9. "Lack of Almost Everything" – 4:36
10. "Blood Money" – 3:47
11. "Children of God" – 4:52
12. "Sister Fucker, Pt. 1/Sister Fucker, Pt. 2" – 5:51
13. "30$ Bag" – 3:11
14. "Zero Nowhere" – 5:15
15. "Methamphetamine" – 5:37

Tracks 1–4 are taken from the original 1990 demo *Lack of Almost Everything*. Tracks 5–8 were recorded live on KXLU, August 2, 1994. Tracks 9–15 were recorded live in Europe, April 2000. All songs written by Eyehategod.

## Credits

### Tracks 1–4

### Tracks 5–8

* Jim Bower – Guitar
* Michael Williams – Vocals
* Joe LaCaze – Drums
* Marc Schultz – Bass
* Brian Patton – Guitar
* Chris Elder – Recording
* Phil Vera – Recording

### Tracks 9–15

* Jim Bower – Guitar
* Michael Williams – Vocals
* Joe LaCaze – Drums
* Danny Nick – Bass
* Brian Patton – Guitar
* Dave Fortman – Producer

### Others

* Angela Boatwright – Live Photo
* Tom Bejgrowicz – Design, Layout and Additional Photography

## InfoBox

| 10 Years of Abuse (and Still Broke) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Eyehategod | |
| Released | May 29, 2001 |
| Recorded | ? (1990)
KXLU Los Angeles (August 2, 1994)
Europe (April 2000) |
| Genre | Sludge metal |
| Length | 75:36 |
| Label | Century Media |
| Producer | Dave Fortman
Eyehategod |
| Eyehategod chronology | |
| *Confederacy of Ruined Lives*
(2000) ***10 Years of Abuse (and Still Broke)***
(2001) *Preaching the "End-Time" Message*
(2005) | |


title: 139 Tauri

abstract: 139 Tauri is a single, blue-white hued star in the zodiac constellation of Taurus. It is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.81. The distance to this star, as determined from an annual parallax shift of 2.10±0.19 mas, is roughly 1,600 light years. Because this star is located near the ecliptic, it is subject to occultations by the Moon. One such event was observed April 28, 1990. This is a massive B-type lower-luminosity supergiant or bright giant star with a stellar classification of B1 Ib or B0.5 II, respectively. It is around 22.5 million years old with a high rate of spin, showing a projected rotational velocity of 140 km/s. J. D. Rosendhal (1973) identified weak emission features associated with an asymmetric H-alpha absorption line, providing evidence of mass loss. The star has about 10 times the mass of the Sun and around 20 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating over 80,000 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of around 24,660 K. Stars such as this with 10 or more solar masses are expected to end their life by exploding as a Type II supernova.

text:
# 139 Tauri

**139 Tauri** is a single, blue-white hued star in the zodiac constellation of Taurus. It is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.81. The distance to this star, as determined from an annual parallax shift of 2.10±0.19 mas, is roughly 1,600 light years. Because this star is located near the ecliptic, it is subject to occultations by the Moon. One such event was observed April 28, 1990.

This is a massive B-type lower-luminosity supergiant or bright giant star with a stellar classification of B1 Ib or B0.5 II, respectively. It is around 22.5 million years old with a high rate of spin, showing a projected rotational velocity of 140 km/s. J. D. Rosendhal (1973) identified weak emission features associated with an asymmetric H-alpha absorption line, providing evidence of mass loss. The star has about 10 times the mass of the Sun and around 20 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating over 80,000 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of around 24,660 K. Stars such as this with 10 or more solar masses are expected to end their life by exploding as a Type II supernova.

## InfoBox

139 Tauri
| Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000 | |
| --- | --- |
| Constellation | Taurus |
|
| Right ascension | 05h 57m 59.65632s |
| Declination | +25° 57 14.0799 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 4.81 |
| Characteristics | |
|
| Spectral type | B1 Ib or B0.5 II |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| B−V color index | −0.088±0.003 |
|
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|
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|
|
| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | +8.0±4.2 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: −2.06 mas/yr
Dec.: −1.95 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 2.10 ± 0.19 mas |
| **Distance** | 1,600 ± 100 ly
(480 ± 40 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | −4.4 |
|  | |
| Details | |
|  | |
| **Mass** | 10.1±1.0 |
| **Radius** | 20.7 |
| **Luminosity** | 81,000 |
| **Surface gravity (log *g*)** | 3.559±0.059 cgs |
| **Temperature** | 24,660±1,620 |
| **Rotational velocity (*v* sin *i*)** | 140 km/s |
| **Age** | 22.5±2.6 Myr |
|  | |
| Other designations | |
| 139 Tau, BD+25° 1052, HD 40111, HIP 28237, HR 2084, SAO 77775 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: Dzielce

abstract: Dzielce is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radecznica, within Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Radecznica, 28 km (17 mi) west of Zamość, and 65 km (40 mi) south of the regional capital Lublin.

text:
# Dzielce

**Dzielce** \[ˈd͡ʑɛlt͡sɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Radecznica, within Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Radecznica, 28 km (17 mi) west of Zamość, and 65 km (40 mi) south of the regional capital Lublin.

## InfoBox

| Dzielce | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Dzielce | |
| Coordinates: 50°42′N 22°52′E / 50.700°N 22.867°E / 50.700; 22.867 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Zamość |
| Gmina | Radecznica |


title: Dziekuje Poland Live '83

abstract: Dziękuję Poland Live '83 is the sixteenth album by Klaus Schulze. It was originally released in 1983, and in 2006 was the seventeenth Schulze album reissued by Revisited Records. "Katowice" is essentially a live version of "Spielglocken" from Audentity. "Lodz" is essentially a live version of "Ludwig II von Bayern" from X. "Dzien dobry!" is an alternate take of "Katowice"/"Spielglocken".

text:
# Dziekuje Poland Live '83

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |

***Dziękuję Poland Live '83*** is the sixteenth album by Klaus Schulze. It was originally released in 1983, and in 2006 was the seventeenth Schulze album reissued by Revisited Records. "Katowice" is essentially a live version of "Spielglocken" from *Audentity*. "Lodz" is essentially a live version of "Ludwig II von Bayern" from . "Dzien dobry!" is an alternate take of "Katowice"/"Spielglocken".

## Track listing

All tracks composed by Klaus Schulze.

**Disc 1**

| No. | Title | Note | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Katowice" | on original release | 26:22 |
| 2. | "Warsaw" | on original release | 24:16 |
| 3. | "The Midas Hip Hop Touch" | reissue bonus track | 25:15 |

**Disc 2**

| No. | Title | Note | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Lodz" | on original release | 20:59 |
| 2. | "Gdansk" | on original release | 15:45 |
| 3. | "Dziekuje" | on original release | 5:52 |
| 4. | "Dzien Dobry!" | reissue bonus track | 35:58 |

## Personnel

* Klaus Schulze – synthesizer, guitar, keyboards, vocals, Moog synthesizer, Fairlight
* Rainer Bloss – synthesizer, keyboards, computers

## InfoBox

| Dziękuję Poland Live '83 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Klaus Schulze | |
| Released | 1983 |
| Recorded | 1983 |
| Genre | Electronic music, space music, trance music |
| Length | 94:30 (original)
154:27 (reissue) |
| Label | IC |
| Producer | Klaus Schulze |
| Klaus Schulze chronology | |
| *Audentity*
(1983) ***Dziękuję Poland Live '83***
(1983) *Angst*
(1984) | |


title: Eprhopalotus

abstract:
Eprhopalotus is a genus of hymenopteran insects of the family Eulophidae. Their distribution varies between species but ranges from Costa Rica, Mexico to Texas. There are currently 5 species of Eprhopalotus:
  - Eprhopalotus canaliculat Hansson, 2004
  - Eprhopalotus cordylatus Hansson, 2004
  - Eprhopalotus crinitus Hansson, 2004
  - Eprhopalotus hansoni Hansson, 2004
  - Eprhopalotus purpureithorax Girault, 1916 While Aabacharis is a synonym of Eprhopalotus, it applies in particular when referring to the species hansoni; hence it has been sourced as both Aabacharis hansoni and Eprhopalotus hansoni.

text:
# Eprhopalotus

***Eprhopalotus*** is a genus of hymenopteran insects of the family Eulophidae. Their distribution varies between species but ranges from Costa Rica, Mexico to Texas. There are currently 5 species of Eprhopalotus:

While *Aabacharis* is a synonym of *Eprhopalotus*, it applies in particular when referring to the species *hansoni*; hence it has been sourced as both *Aabacharis hansoni* and *Eprhopalotus hansoni*.

## Further reading

* Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington :Smithsonian Institution Press, \[etc.\];1877-1971.
* Catalog of hymenoptera in America north of Mexico / prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein ... \[et al.\]. Washington :Smithsonian Institution Press,1979-
* Experiment station record. Washington :G.P.O.,1889-1946.
* Journal of Hymenoptera research. Washington, D.C. :International Society of Hymenopterists,\[1992-
* Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington :Smithsonian Institution Press, \[etc.\]
* Key to Nearctic eulophid genera
* Universal Chalcidoidea Database Archived 2007-03-10 at the Wayback Machine

## InfoBox

| *Eprhopalotus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Eulophidae |
| Subfamily: | Entedoninae |
| Genus: | *Eprhopalotus*
Girault, 1916 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Eprhopalotus purpureithorax*
Girault, 1916 | |
| Species | |
| See text | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Aabacharis* (Schauff, M.E. 1991) | |


title: Arctosomma

abstract: Arctosomma is a monotypic genus of spiders in the family Lycosidae. It was first described by Carl Friedrich Roewer in 1960. As of 2023, it contains only one species, Arctosomma trochosiforme, found in Ethiopia.

text:
# Arctosomma

***Arctosomma*** is a monotypic genus of spiders in the family Lycosidae. It was first described by Carl Friedrich Roewer in 1960. As of 2023, it contains only one species, ***Arctosomma trochosiforme***, found in Ethiopia.

## InfoBox

| *Arctosomma* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Lycosidae |
| Genus: | *Arctosomma*
Roewer, 1960 |
| Species: | ***A. trochosiforme*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Arctosomma trochosiforme***
(Strand, 1906) | |
|


title: Elements (journal)

abstract:
Elements: An International Magazine of Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Petrology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by 18 scientific societies: Mineralogical Society of America, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Mineralogical Association of Canada, Clay Minerals Society, Geochemical Society, European Association of Geochemistry, International Association of GeoChemistry, Société Française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie, Association of Applied Geochemists, Deutsche Mineralogische Gesellschaft, Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia, International Association of Geoanalysts, Polskie Towarzystwo Mineralogiczne, Sociedad Española de Mineralogía, Swiss Society of Mineralogy and Petrology, Meteoritical Society, Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences and the International Association on the Genesis of Ore Deposits. It was established in January 2005. The editors-in-chief are Richard J. Harrison (2020-2022), Rebecca A. Lange (2021-2023), and Janne Blichert-Toft (2022-2024).
The journal covers all aspects of mineralogy, geochemistry, and petrology. Each issue is devoted to a particular topic and contains invited review articles, as well as society news and book reviews.

text:
# Elements (journal)

***Elements: An International Magazine of Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Petrology*** is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by 18 scientific societies: Mineralogical Society of America, Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Mineralogical Association of Canada, Clay Minerals Society, Geochemical Society, European Association of Geochemistry, International Association of GeoChemistry, Société Française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie, Association of Applied Geochemists, Deutsche Mineralogische Gesellschaft, Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia, International Association of Geoanalysts, Polskie Towarzystwo Mineralogiczne (Mineralogical Society of Poland), Sociedad Española de Mineralogía (Spanish Mineralogical Society), Swiss Society of Mineralogy and Petrology, Meteoritical Society, Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences and the International Association on the Genesis of Ore Deposits. It was established in January 2005.

The editors-in-chief are Richard J. Harrison (2020-2022), Rebecca A. Lange (2021-2023), and Janne Blichert-Toft (2022-2024). The journal covers all aspects of mineralogy, geochemistry, and petrology. Each issue is devoted to a particular topic and contains invited review articles, as well as society news and book reviews.

## Abstracting and indexing

The journal is abstracted and indexed in Chemical Abstracts Service, Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences, Ei Compendex, GEOBASE, Science Citation Index Expanded, and Scopus. According to the *Journal Citation Reports*, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.632.

## InfoBox

*Elements*
| Discipline | Mineralogy, geochemistry, petrology |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Edited by | Richard Harrison, Rebecca Lange, Janne Blichert-Toft |
| Publication details | |
| History | 2005-present |
| Publisher | Consortium of scientific societies |
| Frequency | Bimonthly |
| Impact factor | 3.632 (2020) |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Elements* |
| Indexing
 | |
| CODEN | EOOCAG |
| ISSN | 1811-5209 (print)
1811-5217 (web)
 |
| LCCN | cn2005390011 |
| OCLC no. | 314493749 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Avondale, Chicago

abstract: Avondale is one of Chicago's 77 officially designated community areas. It is on the Northwest Side of the city. The northern border is Addison Street from the north branch of the Chicago River in the east to Pulaski Road in the west. The neighborhood extends further west along Belmont Avenue to the Union Pacific/Northwest Line. Its southern border is Diversey Avenue from the Union Pacific/Northwest Line to the Chicago River.

text:
# Avondale, Chicago

**Avondale** (/ˈævəndl/) is one of Chicago's 77 officially designated community areas. It is on the Northwest Side of the city. The northern border is Addison Street from the north branch of the Chicago River in the east to Pulaski Road in the west. The neighborhood extends further west along Belmont Avenue to the Union Pacific/Northwest Line. Its southern border is Diversey Avenue from the Union Pacific/Northwest Line to the Chicago River.

## History

The first European settler in Avondale was Abraham Harris who settled the area three years after its 1850 incorporation into Jefferson Township. In 1869, Avondale was incorporated as a village. It has been speculated that developer and Pennsylvania native John Lewis Cochran named the village in honor of the miners and rescue workers who died in the Avondale coal mine fire. Atypical for the time, Avondale was racially integrated in the nineteenth century with twenty African American families moving to the area and building Avondale's first church in the 1880s. Avondale, along with the rest of Jefferson Township, was annexed by the City of Chicago in 1889.

Factories and other industries sprang up around the start of the 20th century due to the Chicago River and Avondale's dense network of transportation corridors that were built in the 1870s and improved after its annexation into Chicago including replacement of cable cars with electric powered streetcars. The resulting jobs in the area were responsible for drawing the initial wave of European immigrants.

Avondale was the site of one of Chicago's "Seven Lost Wonders", the Olson Park and Waterfall complex at Diversey and Pulaski.

Beginning in the 1980s, Latino settlement began in Avondale. A multiplicity of other diverse Eastern European ethnicities came to the area following the End of Communism in 1989, leading to Avondale's nickname as the neighborhood *"Where Eastern Europe meets Latin America"*.

Starting in the mid-2000s, gentrification began to take hold in the Avondale area as it had in neighboring Wicker Park, Logan Square and Bucktown.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1930 | 48,433 |  |  |
| 1940 | 47,684 |  | −1.5% |
| 1950 | 45,313 |  | −5.0% |
| 1960 | 39,748 |  | −12.3% |
| 1970 | 35,714 |  | −10.1% |
| 1980 | 33,527 |  | −6.1% |
| 1990 | 35,579 |  | 6.1% |
| 2000 | 43,085 |  | 21.1% |
| 2010 | 39,262 |  | −8.9% |
| 2020 | 36,257 |  | −7.7% |
|  | | | |

Avondale has traditionally had a large Polish population, with patches of German, Scandinavian, and Italians settlement as well. In recent years this blue-collar neighborhood has witnessed an increase in its social diversity. The collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe witnessed an influx of Eastern European immigrants such as Czechs, Slovaks, Ukrainians and Belarusians, particularly alongside Poles in the "Polish Village". The emigration of peoples from the Soviet Bloc in Avondale since then has grown to include Russophone nationals from Central Asia and even Mongolia. A strong Filipino community is present in Avondale as well, which is home to Chicago's Filipino TV outlet. Latino settlement beginning in the 1980s led to an increase in Avondale's Hispanic population from 37.6% in 1990 to 62.0% in 2000, with increased numbers of Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Central American immigrants. Because of gentrification, the last decade has seen a reversal of this trend, as the non-Hispanic white population has been expanding faster than the Hispanic population.

## Transportation

Avondale is served by the 'L' at two stations along the Blue Line. The Belmont station is on the northeastern edge next to the Kennedy Expressway at the intersection of Kimball Avenue and Belmont, less than three blocks away from St. Hyacinth's former mission of Our Lady of Lourdes; the Addison station is located in the median of the same expressway adjacent to the neighboring Villa District.

Avondale is also accessible by a number of bus routes run by the CTA.

## Neighborhoods

### Polish Village

The **Polish Village** or **Jackowo** \[jat͡sˈkɔvɔ\] and **Wacławowo** \[vat͡swaˈvɔvɔ\], together make up one of Chicago's largest and most vibrant *Polish Patches*. The neighborhoods derive their Polish names from the two contiguous Polish Roman Catholic parishes- Saint Hyacinth's Basilica (*Bazylika Św. Jacka*) and St. Wenceslaus Church (*Kościół Świętego Wacława*). Milwaukee Avenue is the district's main commercial strip, which includes a number of sausage shops, restaurants, and bakeries. In English the area is usually referred to as the **Polish Village** \- the name featured on signs hung on street lamps over the district. Pulaski Avenue, named after the Polish Revolutionary War hero, runs through the area.

The Polish communities of Jackowo and Wacławowo appeared in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as Polish settlement spread further northwest along Milwaukee Avenue. The neighborhood experienced its heyday as the cultural nexus of Chicago's Polonia during the 1980s and 1990s with the so-called Solidarity and Post-Solidarity waves of Polish migration to Chicago, including a number of political refugees. Until the recent installation of an automated system, on Sunday mornings the CTA driver would announce "Yats- koh- voh", signaling the stop for St. Hyacinth Basilica as Poles shuttled off the bus on their way to Mass. Local landmarks and institutions increasingly became revitalized and renewed while taking on an increasingly ethnic hue by catering to these recent arrivals from Poland. The historic Milford Theatre served as the central Polish cinema arts venue like Jefferson Park's Gateway Theater today, with locals giving it the nickname *"Cinema Polski"*, drawing even street photographer **Vivian Maier**.

A distinct flowering of Polish arts and culture took place here in Avondale, an environment where Poles could finally freely express themselves without worrying about incurring the wrath of government censors or political repression. The events and activities organized here by Chicago's Polish community played a key role in shaping the chain of events that eventually resulted in the collapse of the Communist government in Poland, bringing down the Iron Curtain that had divided Europe since after World War II. An expressive and now decaying mural in the McDonald's parking lot combining Polish patriotic and folkloric motifs by Caryl Yasko titled *"Razem"*, or together in Polish, was painted thanks in part to funds furnished by the Polish American Congress in 1975. It now stands near the corners of Belmont and Pulaski in mute testament to this bygone renaissance.

Just to the north of Jackowo is Wacławowo and the parish of St. Wenceslaus, with its impressive church. Housing stock there primarily consists of brick two-flats built in the first half of the 20th century prior to World War II, although there are a number of bungalows present in the area neighboring the Villa District to the north.

### Belmont Gardens

**Belmont Gardens** spans the Chicago Community Areas of Logan Square and Avondale like neighboring Kosciuszko Park, located within its northwest portion, where the Pulaski Industrial Corridor abuts these residential areas. The boundaries of Belmont Gardens are generally held to be Pulaski Road to the East, the Union Pacific/Northwest rail line to the West, Belmont Avenue to the North, and Fullerton Avenue to the South.

Most of the land between Fullerton Avenue and Diversey Avenue as well as Kimball Avenue to the Union Pacific/Northwest rail line was empty as late as the 1880s, mostly consisting of the rural "truck farms" that peppered much of Jefferson Township. This began to change with the annexation of this rustic hinterland to the city in 1889 in anticipation of the World's Columbian Exposition that would focus the country's eyes on Chicago just a few years later in 1893.

Belmont Gardens's first urban development began thanks to Homer Pennock, who founded the industrial village of Pennock, Illinois. Centered on Wrightwood Avenue, which was originally laid out as "Pennock Boulevard", was planned to be a hefty industrial and residential district. The development was so renowned that the village was highlighted in a "History of Cook County, Illinois" authored by Weston Arthur Goodspeed and Daniel David Healy. Thwarted by circumstances as well as the decline of Homer Pennock's fortune, this district declined to the point that the Chicago Tribune wrote about the neighborhood in an article titled *"A Deserted Village in Chicago"* in 1903. The original name of the Healy Metra Station was originally named after this now lost settlement.

While Homer Pennock's industrial suburb failed, Chicago's rapid expansion transformed the area's farms into clusters of factories and homes. At the start of the 20th century as settlement was booming, Belmont Gardens and Avondale were at the Northwestern edge of the Milwaukee Avenue "Polish Corridor"- a contiguous stretch of Polish settlement which spanned this thoroughfare all the way from Polonia Triangle at Milwaukee, Division and Ashland to Irving Park Road.

Belmont Gardens offered more than just a less congested setting for its new residents. Due to its proximity to rail along the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad, the area developed a plethora of industry that still survives in the city's Pulaski Industrial Corridor. It was adjacent to his own factory that Mr. Walter E. Olson built what the Chicago Tribune put at the top of its list of the "Seven Lost Wonders of Chicago", the Olson Park and Waterfall Complex, a 22-acre garden and waterfall remembered by Chicagoans citywide as the place they fondly reminisce heading out to for family trips on the weekend. The ambitious project took 200 workers more than six months to fashion it out of 800 tons of stone and 800 yards of soil.

Latino settlement in the neighborhood began in the 1980s. Today the area still retains its blue collar feel as much of surrounding Logan Square and Avondale undergo increased gentrification.

### Kosciuszko Park

**Kosciuszko Park** spans the Chicago Community Areas of Logan Square and Avondale like neighboring Belmont Gardens, located within its northwest portion, where the Pulaski Industrial Corridor abuts these residential areas. Colloquially known by locals as "Koz Park", or even the "Land of Koz", the area is a prime example of a local identity born thanks to the green spaces created by Chicago's civic leaders of the Progressive Era.

The boundaries of Kosciuszko Park are generally held to be Central Park Avenue to the East, Pulaski Road to the West, George Street to the North, and Altgeld to the South.

Most of the land between Fullerton Avenue and Diversey Avenue as well as Kimball Avenue to Pulaski Road was empty as late as the 1880s, mostly consisting of the rural "truck farms" that peppered much of Jefferson Township. This began to change with the annexation of this rustic hinterland to the city in 1889 in anticipation of the World's Columbian Exposition that would focus the country's eyes on Chicago just a few years later in 1893.

Kosciuszko Park's first urban development began thanks to Homer Pennock, who founded the industrial village of Pennock, Illinois. Centered on Wrightwood Avenue, which was originally laid out as "Pennock Boulevard", was planned to be a hefty industrial and residential district. The development was so renowned that the village was highlighted in a "History of Cook County, Illinois" authored by Weston Arthur Goodspeed and Daniel David Healy. Thwarted by circumstances as well as the decline of Homer Pennock's fortune, this district declined to the point that the Chicago Tribune wrote about the neighborhood in an article titled "A Deserted Village in Chicago" in 1903.

While Homer Pennock's industrial suburb failed, Chicago's rapid expansion transformed the area's farms into clusters of factories and homes. At the start of the 20th century as settlement was booming, Kosciuszko Park and Avondale were at the Northwestern edge of the Milwaukee Avenue "Polish Corridor"- a contiguous stretch of Polish settlement which spanned this thoroughfare all the way from Polonia Triangle at Milwaukee, Division and Ashland to Irving Park Road.

Kosciuszko Park offered more than just a less congested setting for its new residents. Due to its proximity to rail along the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad, the area developed a plethora of industry that still survives in the city's Pulaski Industrial Corridor.

Adjacent to Kosciuszko Park's border with Avondale proper near the intersection of George Street and Lawndale Avenue is St. Hyacinth Basilica, which began in 1894 as a refuge for locals to tend to their spiritual needs. A local shrine, St. Hyacinth's features relics associated with Pope John Paul II, as well as an icon with an ornate jeweled crown that was blessed by the late pontiff. Other institutions further enriched the institutional fabric of the Polish community in the area. In 1897, the Polish Franciscan Sisters began building an expansive complex on Schubert and Hamlin Avenues with the construction of St. Joseph Home for the Aged and Crippled, a structure that would also serve as the motherhouse for the order. When it opened in 1898, it became the city's first and oldest Catholic nursing home. One of the industries the nuns took upon themselves to support these charitable activities was a church vestment workshop which opened in 1909 on the second floor. In 1928 the Franciscan Sisters further expanded the complex by building a new St. Joseph Home of Chicago, a structure that stood until recently at 2650 North Ridgeway. Designed by the distinguished firm of Slupkowski and Piontek who built many of the most prestigious commissions in Chicago's Polish community such as the Art Deco headquarters of the Polish National Alliance and Holy Trinity High School among others, the brick structure was an imposing edifice. One of the building's highlights was a chapel with an altar that was dedicated to the Black Madonna. The entire complex was sold to a developer who subsequently razed the entire complex, while the new "St. Joseph Village" opened in 2005 on the site of the former Madonna High School and now operates at 4021 W. Belmont Avenue. The park later became home to one of the two first Polish language Saturday schools in Chicago. While the school has since moved out of their small quarters at the park fieldhouse, the Tadeusz Kościuszko School of Polish Language continues to educate over 1,000 students to the present day, reminding all of its origins in Kosciuszko Park with its name.

It was the park of Kosciuszko Park however that weaved together the disparate subdivisions and people into one community. Dedicated in 1916, Kosciuszko Park owes its name to the Polish patriot **Tadeusz Kosciuszko**. Best known as the designer and builder of West Point, Kosciuszko fought in the American Revolution and was awarded with U.S. citizenship and the rank of brigadier general as a reward. Kosciuszko was one of the original parks of the Northwest Park District which was established in 1911. One of the ambitious goals of the Northwest Park District that was in keeping with the spirit of the Progressive Movement popular at the time was to provide one park for each of the ten square miles under its jurisdiction. Beginning in 1914, the district began to purchase land for what would eventually become Mozart, Kelyvn, and Kosciuszko Parks, and improvement on these three sites began almost immediately. For Kosciuszko, noted architect Albert A. Schwartz designed a Tudor revival-style fieldhouse, expanded in 1936 to include an assembly hall, just two years after the 22 separate park districts were consolidated into the Chicago Park District. The park complex expanded during the 1980s with the addition of a new natatorium at the corner of Diversey and Avers.

The green space afforded by the park quickly became the backdrop for community gatherings. Residents utilized the grounds at Kosciuszko Park for bonfires, festivals and neighborhood celebrations, and for a time, even an ice skating rink that would be set up every winter. Summertime brought the opportunity for outdoor festivities, peppered with sports and amateur shows featuring softball games, social dancing, a music appreciation hour, and the occasional visit by the city's "mobile zoo".

Today "The Land of Koz" is a diverse neighborhood, and becoming even more so as gentrification advances further northwest. New people are entering Kosciuszko Park and joining earlier residents whose roots trace back to Latin America and Poland. Yet the park that lent the neighborhood its name still serves its residents, where through play, performance, and even the occasional outdoor film screening it functions as the venue where the community can come together.

## Economy

In 1937, Dad's Root Beer was founded in Avondale by Ely Klapman and Barney Berns. The company operated a bottling plant in the community before the company moved operations. The factory has since been converted into condominiums.

As of 2014, the top 5 employing industry sectors in Avondale are retail trade (20.9%), manufacturing (14.8%), utilities (12.4%), accommodation and food service (9.8%), and finance (7.4%). Over half of these workers come from outside of Chicago and 45.5% come from outside of Avondale within the city. The top 5 employing industry sectors of community residents are accommodation and food service (11.5%), healthcare (11%), professional (10.1%), retail trade (9.6%), and administration (8.3%).

## Education

Avondale residents are served by Chicago Public Schools, which includes neighborhood and citywide options for students. There are also a number of private parochial schools run by Roman Catholic congregations in the area.

Carl Von Linne School, 3221 N. Sacramento, on Sacramento between Belmont and School is a neighborhood school. The school features a comprehensive gifted program and a dual language program. There is an emphasis on fine arts including visual arts, ceramic, music, dance, digital arts, and culinary arts. The school has a "sprouting teens garden" on the east side of the building and a "kitchen community culinary garden" in the main playground.

The United Neighborhood Organization operates the Carlos Fuentes School in Avondale.

## Public libraries

The Chicago Public Library operates no branches located in the Avondale community area. Although the branch in nearby Kosciuszko Park was one of the system's most utilized branches, it was closed by the 1950s. Branches are available nearby in adjacent neighborhoods, such as Logan Square, Irving Park, and Belmont Cragin.

## Politics

The Avondale community area has supported the Democratic Party in the past two presidential elections. In the 2016 presidential election, Avondale cast 10,290 votes for Hillary Clinton and cast 1,345 votes for Donald Trump (83.77% to 10.95%). In the 2012 presidential election, Avondale cast 7,940 votes for Barack Obama and 1,415 votes for Mitt Romney (82.43% to 14.69%).

## Parks

Avondale was cited by the *Chicago Tribune* as being in the top tier of Chicago's "park poor" neighborhoods. This situation was further aggravated when Avondale Park was reduced to just over one acre in size during the building of the Kennedy Expressway, taking over most of its green space, including the park's playfield, separate boys' and girls' playgrounds, a wading pool, a sand box and tennis courts while leaving the fieldhouse designed by Clarence Hatzfeld intact.

The substantial green spaces in the Avondale community area are Brands Park, followed by Avondale Park. Parks adjacent to Avondale such as Kosciuszko Park, Athletic Field Park and Ken-Well Park are heavily utilized by residents as well. Additionally, there are playlots under the supervision of other parks such as Grape Playlot, Park-view Playlot, Nelson Playlot, Elston Playlot, and Sacramento Playlot, found within Avondale.

## Culture

Avondale has a number of strong and simultaneously diverse cultural centers. **St. Hyacinth Basilica** continues to be a strong cultural and civic institution for Chicago's Polish Community. True to stereotype, the neighborhood "where Eastern Europe meets Latin America" is also home to the new second location of the **Puerto Rican Arts Alliance** in the former firehouse of Engine 91. The **Hairpin Arts Center** is located in Avondale near its border with Logan Square at the gateway to **Chicago's Polish Village**, serving all of the diverse communities who make their home in these neighborhoods.

## Notable people

* Vivian Maier, photographer who achieved posthumous fame. A resident of various neighborhoods including Rogers Park, she took photos in Chicago's Polish Village.
* Lucy Parsons, labor organizer and founder of Industrial Workers of the World. She perished in a fire in Avondale in 1942.
* Carlos Ramirez-Rosa, member of the Chicago City Council representing the 35th Ward and the first openly gay, Latino alderman. He is a resident of Avondale.
* Louise Schaaf (1906-2020), supercentenarian notable for being, at the time of her death, the oldest person in Illinois and the oldest known person born in Germany. She resided near Belmont and California in Avondale until 1959 when she moved to the Norwood Park neighborhood.

## InfoBox

| Avondale | |
| --- | --- |
| Community area | |
| Community Area 21 - Avondale | |
| St. Hyacinth Basilica towers over the Avondale neighborhood. | |
| Location within the city of Chicago | |
| Coordinates: 41°56.4′N 87°42.6′W / 41.9400°N 87.7100°W / 41.9400; -87.7100 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | Cook |
| City | Chicago |
| Neighborhoods | List |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.00 sq mi (5.18 km<sup>2</sup>) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 36,257 |
| Density | 18,000/sq mi (7,000/km<sup>2</sup>) |
| Demographics 2018 | |
| White | 34.75% |
| Black | 1.96% |
| Hispanic | 57.12% |
| Asian | 3.74% |
| Other | 2.43% |
| Educational Attainment 2018 | |
| High School Diploma or Higher | 78.44% |
| Bachelor's Degree or Higher | 35.18% |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP Codes | 60618 |
| Median household income | $60,000 |
| Source: U.S. Census, Record Information Services | |


title: Elegy (The Nice album)

abstract: Elegy was the final official album release by The Nice, Keith Emerson having since moved on to Emerson, Lake & Palmer, Lee Jackson to Jackson Heights and Brian Davison to Every Which Way. It consists of live versions of songs from earlier releases, a studio take of a Tchaikovsky piece ("Pathetique") that had been released live on the previous album and a previously unheard cover of Dylan's "My Back Pages". Released a year after The Nice's final show in March 1970 in an attempt to capitalize on ELP's burgeoning success, the album achieved number 5 in the UK album chart. "Hang on to a Dream" and "America" were recorded live at Fillmore East, New York during the group's 1969 tour. It was during this tour that The Nice shared a bill with King Crimson, which led to Keith Emerson and Greg Lake hooking up to form a new band, Emerson, Lake & Palmer. "Hang On To A Dream" features extensive use of Emerson striking the interior piano strings, while "America" closes with several minutes of Hammond organ feedback. The two studio outtakes, "My Back Pages" and "Third Movement, Pathetique" had been recorded in 1969; "My Back Pages" featured a section which would be requoted on ELP's "Blues Variations" while a live orchestrated version of "Pathetique" had already seen release on Five Bridges.

text:
# Elegy (The Nice album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| George Starostin's Only Solitaire | 8/15 |

***Elegy*** was the final official album release by The Nice, Keith Emerson having since moved on to Emerson, Lake & Palmer, Lee Jackson to Jackson Heights and Brian Davison to Every Which Way. It consists of live versions of songs from earlier releases, a studio take of a Tchaikovsky piece ("Pathetique") that had been released live on the previous album and a previously unheard cover of Dylan's "My Back Pages". Released a year after The Nice's final show in March 1970 in an attempt to capitalize on ELP's burgeoning success, the album achieved number 5 in the UK album chart.

"Hang on to a Dream" and "America" were recorded live at Fillmore East, New York during the group's 1969 tour. It was during this tour that The Nice shared a bill with King Crimson, which led to Keith Emerson and Greg Lake hooking up to form a new band, Emerson, Lake & Palmer. "Hang On To A Dream" features extensive use of Emerson striking the interior piano strings, while "America" closes with several minutes of Hammond organ feedback. The two studio outtakes, "My Back Pages" and "Third Movement, Pathetique" had been recorded in 1969; "My Back Pages" featured a section which would be requoted on ELP's "Blues Variations" while a live orchestrated version of "Pathetique" had already seen release on *Five Bridges*.

## Cover art

The UK edition came in a gatefold sleeve. It was designed by Hipgnosis (Storm Thorgerson and Aubrey Powell), well known as designers of album covers for Pink Floyd and other progressive rock bands. The front and back covers show a Sahara desert scene with a line of fifty red footballs (credited to Mettoy Playcraft) receding towards a distant dune. The inside of the cover shows, in the distance, a mesa or plateau; in front is a gravelly landscape strewn with memorabilia of the Nice such as older album covers, publicity shots, press releases and a scrapbook of press cuttings.

## Track listing

### Side one

1. "Hang On to a Dream" (Live) (Tim Hardin) – 12:43
2. "My Back Pages" (Bob Dylan) – 9:12

### Side two

1. "Third Movement, Pathetique" (Group Only) (Tchaikovsky; arranged by The Nice) – 7.05
2. "America" (Live) (Leonard Bernstein, Stephen Sondheim, The Nice)  – 10:27

CD release 1990

The CD release 1990 contains six additional bonus tracks taken from 1972 compilation *Autumn '67 – Spring '68* and the length of the original four tracks is slightly different.

1. "Hang On to a Dream" (Live) (Tim Hardin) – 12:42
2. "My Back Pages" (Bob Dylan) – 9:10
3. "Third Movement, Pathetique" (Group Only) (Tchaikovsky; arranged by The Nice) – 7;05
4. "America" (Live) (Bernstein, Sondheim, The Nice)  – 10:17
5. "Diamond-Hard Blue Apples of the Moon" (Emerson, Jackson) – 2:46
6. "Dawn" (Davison, Emerson, Jackson) – 5:05
7. "Tantalising Maggie" (Emerson, Jackson) – 4:19
8. "Cry of Eugene" (O'List, Emerson, Jackson) – 4:30
9. "Daddy Where Did I Come From?" (Emerson, Jackson) – 2:46
10. "Azirial" (Emerson, Jackson) – 3:46

"Azrial" had been the B-side of the single release "The Thoughts of Emerlist Davjack," and "Diamond-Hard Blue Apples of the Moon" that of "America."

The arrangement of "My Back Pages" was inspired by Keith Jarrett's 1968 Vortex recording of the song but the majority is Emerson's creation. The performance is in two parts with the first featuring piano and the second featuring Hammond organ. 2009 Digital Remaster

The 2009 Digital Remastered CD contains only two additional bonus tracks and the length of the original four tracks is slightly different.

1. "Hang On to a Dream" (Live) (Tim Hardin) – 12:41
2. "My Back Pages" (Bob Dylan) – 9:12
3. "Third Movement, Pathetique" (Group Only) (Tchaikovsky; arranged by The Nice) – 7;07
4. "America" (Live) (Bernstein, Sondheim, The Nice)  – 10:22
5. "Country Pie" (BBC Radio 1's "Sounds of the Seventies") (Bob Dylan) – 4:57
6. "Pathetique (Symphony No. 6, 3rd Movement)" (BBC Radio 1's *Sounds of the Seventies*) (Tchaikovsky; arranged by The Nice) – 6:59

## Personnel

The Nice

## Charts

| Chart (1971) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 5 |

## InfoBox

| Elegy | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by The Nice | |
| Released | April 1971 |
| Recorded | 19–20 December 1969 |
| Venue | Fillmore East, New York City |
| Genre | Progressive rock |
| Length | 39:27 |
| Label | UK: Charisma CAS 1030
US: Mercury SR 61324
France, Germany: Philips |
| Producer | The Nice |
| The Nice chronology | |
| *Five Bridges*
(1970) ***Elegy***
(1971) *Autumn '67 – Spring '68*
(1972) | |


title: 17th parallel south

abstract: The 17th parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 17 degrees south of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses the Atlantic Ocean, Africa, the Indian Ocean, Australasia, the Pacific Ocean and South America.

text:
# 17th parallel south

17°class=notpageimage|17th parallel south

The **17th parallel south** is a circle of latitude that is 17 degrees south of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses the Atlantic Ocean, Africa, the Indian Ocean, Australasia, the Pacific Ocean and South America.

## Around the world

Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 17° south passes through:

| Coordinates | Country, territory or ocean | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 17°0′S 0°0′E / 17.000°S 0.000°E / -17.000; 0.000 (Prime Meridian) | Atlantic Ocean |  |
| 17°0′S 11°46′E / 17.000°S 11.767°E / -17.000; 11.767 (Angola) | Angola |  |
| 17°0′S 12°58′E / 17.000°S 12.967°E / -17.000; 12.967 (Namibia) | Namibia |  |
| 17°0′S 13°25′E / 17.000°S 13.417°E / -17.000; 13.417 (Angola) | Angola |  |
| 17°0′S 22°40′E / 17.000°S 22.667°E / -17.000; 22.667 (Zambia) | Zambia | The border with Zimbabwe is in Lake Kariba |
| 17°0′S 27°48′E / 17.000°S 27.800°E / -17.000; 27.800 (Zimbabwe) | Zimbabwe |  |
| 17°0′S 32°53′E / 17.000°S 32.883°E / -17.000; 32.883 (Mozambique) | Mozambique |  |
| 17°0′S 35°3′E / 17.000°S 35.050°E / -17.000; 35.050 (Malawi) | Malawi |  |
| 17°0′S 35°18′E / 17.000°S 35.300°E / -17.000; 35.300 (Mozambique) | Mozambique |  |
| 17°0′S 39°5′E / 17.000°S 39.083°E / -17.000; 39.083 (Indian Ocean) | Indian Ocean | Mozambique Channel \- passing just north of Juan de Nova Island,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands |
| 17°0′S 44°14′E / 17.000°S 44.233°E / -17.000; 44.233 (Mozambique) | Madagascar |  |
| 17°0′S 49°33′E / 17.000°S 49.550°E / -17.000; 49.550 (Indian Ocean) | Indian Ocean |  |
| 17°0′S 49°51′E / 17.000°S 49.850°E / -17.000; 49.850 (Mozambique) | Madagascar | Île Sainte-Marie |
| 17°0′S 49°53′E / 17.000°S 49.883°E / -17.000; 49.883 (Indian Ocean) | Indian Ocean | Passing just south of Coco Island,  Mauritius |
| 17°0′S 122°21′E / 17.000°S 122.350°E / -17.000; 122.350 (Australia) | Australia | Western Australia |
| 17°0′S 123°15′E / 17.000°S 123.250°E / -17.000; 123.250 (King Sound) | Indian Ocean | King Sound |
| 17°0′S 123°49′E / 17.000°S 123.817°E / -17.000; 123.817 (Australia) | Australia | Western Australia
Northern Territory
Queensland \- mainland and Wellesley Islands |
| 17°0′S 139°5′E / 17.000°S 139.083°E / -17.000; 139.083 (Gulf of Carpentaria) | Indian Ocean | Gulf of Carpentaria |
| 17°0′S 139°16′E / 17.000°S 139.267°E / -17.000; 139.267 (Australia) | Australia | Queensland \- Horseshoe Island |
| 17°0′S 139°17′E / 17.000°S 139.283°E / -17.000; 139.283 (Gulf of Carpentaria) | Indian Ocean | Gulf of Carpentaria |
| 17°0′S 139°29′E / 17.000°S 139.483°E / -17.000; 139.483 (Australia) | Australia | Queensland \- Bentnick Island |
| 17°0′S 139°31′E / 17.000°S 139.517°E / -17.000; 139.517 (Gulf of Carpentaria) | Indian Ocean | Gulf of Carpentaria |
| 17°0′S 140°57′E / 17.000°S 140.950°E / -17.000; 140.950 (Australia) | Australia | Queensland |
| 17°0′S 145°53′E / 17.000°S 145.883°E / -17.000; 145.883 (Coral Sea) | Pacific Ocean | Passing through the Coral Sea Islands Territory,  Australia |
| 17°0′S 168°37′E / 17.000°S 168.617°E / -17.000; 168.617 (Vanuatu) | Vanuatu | Island of Tongariki |
| 17°0′S 168°38′E / 17.000°S 168.633°E / -17.000; 168.633 (Pacific Ocean) | Pacific Ocean |  |
| 17°0′S 177°20′E / 17.000°S 177.333°E / -17.000; 177.333 (Fiji) | Fiji | Yasawa Islands |
| 17°0′S 177°21′E / 17.000°S 177.350°E / -17.000; 177.350 (Pacific Ocean) | Pacific Ocean | Bligh Water |
| 17°0′S 178°42′E / 17.000°S 178.700°E / -17.000; 178.700 (Fiji) | Fiji | Vanua Levu island |
| 17°0′S 178°46′E / 17.000°S 178.767°E / -17.000; 178.767 (Pacific Ocean) | Pacific Ocean | Koro Sea |
| 17°0′S 179°55′E / 17.000°S 179.917°E / -17.000; 179.917 (Fiji) | Fiji | Taveuni island |
| 17°0′S 179°57′E / 17.000°S 179.950°E / -17.000; 179.950 (Pacific Ocean) | Pacific Ocean | Passing just north of the Lau Islands,  Fiji
Passing just south of Maupihaa atoll,  French Polynesia
Passing just south of Raiatea island,  French Polynesia
Passing just south of Huahine island,  French Polynesia |
| 17°0′S 149°35′W / 17.000°S 149.583°W / -17.000; -149.583 (French Polynesia) | French Polynesia | Tetiaroa atoll |
| 17°0′S 149°32′W / 17.000°S 149.533°W / -17.000; -149.533 (Pacific Ocean) | Pacific Ocean | Passing just south of Tahanea atoll,  French Polynesia
Passing just north of Motutunga atoll,  French Polynesia
Passing just south of Tepoto atoll,  French Polynesia |
| 17°0′S 143°5′W / 17.000°S 143.083°W / -17.000; -143.083 (French Polynesia) | French Polynesia | Marutea atoll |
| 17°0′S 143°4′W / 17.000°S 143.067°W / -17.000; -143.067 (Pacific Ocean) | Pacific Ocean | Passing just south of Rekareka atoll,  French Polynesia |
| 17°0′S 72°6′W / 17.000°S 72.100°W / -17.000; -72.100 (Peru) | Peru |  |
| 17°0′S 69°22′W / 17.000°S 69.367°W / -17.000; -69.367 (Bolivia) | Bolivia |  |
| 17°0′S 58°25′W / 17.000°S 58.417°W / -17.000; -58.417 (Brazil) | Brazil | Mato Grosso
Goiás \- passing just south of Goiânia
Minas Gerais
Bahia |
| 17°0′S 39°10′W / 17.000°S 39.167°W / -17.000; -39.167 (Atlantic Ocean) | Atlantic Ocean |  |
|


title: Alwata Ichata Sahi

abstract: Alwata Ichata Sahi is a Malian politician, born on the 27th in Gao.

text:
# Alwata Ichata Sahi

**Alwata Ichata Sahi** is a Malian politician, born on the 27th in Gao.

## Background

A teacher by training, with a degree in philosophy and a master's degree in English, Alwata Ichata Sahi has served as chief of staff of the Ministry of Housing, Land Affairs and Urban Planning. Alwata Ichata Sahi was appointed Minister of the Family and the Promotion of Women and Children on the 25th in the Government of Cheick Modibo Diarra. She was reappointed to this position in the national unity government of Cheick Modibo Diarra on his next term.

In 2013, leading up to Mali's general election in July, Alwata Ichata Sahi launched a campaign to facilitate the inclusion of women in the electoral process. Promoted by the slogan "Woman: It is Your Primary Right to Vote", the campaign was supported by UN Women. It started in two of Mali's regions before spreading to the rest of the country, involving more than 5000 women and young people.

Alwata Ichata Sahi represented her government in 2013 to receive Female Genital Mutilation complications kits from United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) to support affected girls in Mali following the armed rebellion in the north of the country that started in 2012.


abstract: The 1904 North Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1904. Democratic nominee Robert Broadnax Glenn defeated Republican nominee Charles Joseph Harris with 61.72% of the vote. At the time, Glenn was an attorney and former member of the state Senate, while Harris was a businessman and former member of the United States Industrial Commission.

text:
# 1904 North Carolina gubernatorial election

The **1904 North Carolina gubernatorial election** was held on November 8, 1904. Democratic nominee Robert Broadnax Glenn defeated Republican nominee Charles Joseph Harris with 61.72% of the vote. At the time, Glenn was an attorney and former member of the state Senate, while Harris was a businessman and former member of the United States Industrial Commission.

## Democratic convention

The Democratic convention was held on June 27, 1904.

### Candidates

### Results

Democratic convention results
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Robert Broadnax Glenn** | **653** | **46.98** |
|  | Democratic | Charles Manly Stedman | 458 | 32.95 |
|  | Democratic | Theodore F. Davidson | 158 | 11.37 |
|  | Democratic | Wilfred D. Turner | 121 | 8.71 |
| Total votes | | | **1,390** | **100.00** |

## General election

### Candidates

**Major party candidates**

* Robert Broadnax Glenn, Democratic
* Charles J. Harris, Republican

**Other candidates**

* James M. Templeton, Prohibition
* William A. Pegram, Socialist

### Results

1904 North Carolina gubernatorial election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Robert Broadnax Glenn** | **128,761** | **61.72%** |  |
|  | Republican | Charles J. Harris | 79,505 | 38.11% |  |
|  | Prohibition | James M. Templeton | 235 | 0.11% |  |
|  | Socialist | William A. Pegram | 109 | 0.05% |  |
| Majority | | | 49,256 |  |  |
| Turnout | | |  |  |  |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

## InfoBox

1904 North Carolina gubernatorial election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Robert Broadnax Glenn** Charles Joseph Harris   Party Democratic Republican  Popular vote **128,761** 79,505  Percentage **61.7%** 38.1% | |
| ---  **Governor before election**
Charles Brantley Aycock
Democratic **Elected Governor**
Robert Broadnax Glenn
Democratic | |


abstract: The 1904 North Dakota gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1904. Republican nominee Elmore Y. Sarles defeated Democratic nominee Marthinus F. Hegge with 70.71% of the vote.

text:
# 1904 North Dakota gubernatorial election

The **1904 North Dakota gubernatorial election** was held on November 8, 1904. Republican nominee Elmore Y. Sarles defeated Democratic nominee Marthinus F. Hegge with 70.71% of the vote.

## General election

### Candidates

**Major party candidates**

* Elmore Y. Sarles, Republican
* Marthinus F. Hegge, Democratic

**Other candidates**

* Arthur Basset, Socialist
* Hans H. Aaker, Prohibition

### Results

1904 North Dakota gubernatorial election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Elmore Y. Sarles** | **48,026** | **70.71%** |  |
|  | Democratic | Marthinus F. Hegge | 16,744 | 24.65% |  |
|  | Socialist | Arthur Basset | 1,760 | 2.59% |  |
|  | Prohibition | Hans H. Aaker | 1,388 | 2.04% |  |
| Majority | | | 31,282 |  |  |
| Turnout | | |  |  |  |
|  | Republican **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

## InfoBox

1904 North Dakota gubernatorial election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Elmore Y. Sarles** Marthinus F. Hegge   Party Republican Democratic  Popular vote **48,026** 16,744  Percentage **70.71%** 24.65% | |
| ---  County results
**Sarles:**      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      90–100% | |
| ---  **Governor before election**
Frank White
Republican **Elected Governor**
Elmore Y. Sarles
Republican | |


title: 1906 in Italy

abstract: Events from the year 1906 in Italy.

text:
# 1906 in Italy

Events from the year **1906 in Italy**.

## Kingdom of Italy

## Events

The Italian film industry takes shape, led by three major organizations: Cines, founded in 1906 in Rome; and the Turin-based companies Ambrosio Film, founded by pioneering filmmaker Arturo Ambrosio in 1906, and Itala Film. Other companies soon followed in Milan and Naples, and these early companies quickly attained a respectable production quality and were able to market their products both within Italy and abroad.
Giosuè Carducci is the first Italian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1906 "not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces".

### January

* January 9 – Mount Vesuvius near Naples initiates activity; indications are that the volcano is becoming increasingly active.

### February

### April

* April 5 – Mount Vesuvius in Campania erupts, killing over 100 people and ejecting the most lava ever recorded from a Vesuvian eruption. Italian authorities were preparing to hold the 1908 Summer Olympics when Mount Vesuvius erupted, devastating the province of Naples. Funds were diverted to the reconstruction of Naples, requiring a new location for the Olympics to be found.
* April 10 – The lava flow from Mount Vesuvius, which had almost ceased, starts again in the direction of Torre Annunziata; reaches the cemetery of that town and then turns in the direction of Pompeii.
* April 28 – The Milan International world's fair opens in Milan. It would receive 4,012,776 visits and covered 100 hectares (250 acres).

### May

### October

## Births

## Deaths

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: |  |


title: 1906 in Norway

abstract: Events in the year 1906 in Norway.

text:
# 1906 in Norway

Events in the year **1906 in Norway**.

## Incumbents

## Events

### Sports

* 28 August – Moss FK football club is founded.

### Music

### Film

### Literature

* The Knut Hamsund novel *Under Høststjærnen. En Vandrers Fortælling* (*Under the Autumn Star*), was published.

## Notable births

### Full date unknown

## Notable deaths

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Centuries: |  |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: | List of years in Norway |


title: 1904–05 FAHL season

abstract: The 1904–05 Federal Amateur Hockey League (FAHL) season lasted from December 31, 1904, until March 3. Teams played an eight-game schedule.

text:
# 1904–05 FAHL season

The **1904–05 Federal Amateur Hockey League (FAHL) season** lasted from December 31, 1904, until March 3. Teams played an eight-game schedule.

## League business

The Ottawa Hockey Club, who officially joined the FAHL prior to the end of the last season, played its first full season in the league. Montreal Le National left the league and joined the rival Canadian Amateur Hockey League (CAHL). Ottawa had negotiated with the CAHL to return, along with the Wanderers joining, but this was turned down. The Ottawa Capitals also left the FAHL.

## Pre-season

The Wanderers played an exhibition series in New York City in December 1904. One game, versus the New York Athletic Club, was noted for its rough play by the Wanderers.

## Regular season

The newly transferred Ottawa Hockey Club won the league championship – and retained the Stanley Cup – with a record of seven wins and one loss.

### Highlights

Ottawa's Frank McGee scored five goals against the Montagnards on February 4.

### Final standings

| Team | Games Played | Wins | Losses | Ties | Goals For | Goals Against |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ottawa Hockey Club | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 60 | 19 |
| Montreal Wanderers | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 44 | 27 |
| Brockville | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 34 | 30 |
| Cornwall HC | 8 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 18 | 37 |
| Montreal Montagnards | 8 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 19 | 62 |
|

### Results

| Month | Day | Visitor | Score | Home | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Dec. | 31 | Cornwall | 4 | **Wanderers** | 6 |
| Jan. | 2 | Montagnards | 3 | **Brockville** | 10 |
| | 7 | Wanderers | 3 | **Ottawa** | 9 |
| | 11 | Cornwall | 2 | **Brockville** | 3 |
| | 13 | **Wanderers** | 6 | Montagnards | 1 |
| | 21 | Montagnards | 2 | **Cornwall** | 4 |
| | 23 | Ottawa | 3 | **Brockville** | 5 |
| | 27 | **Cornwall** | 3 | Montagnards | 2 |
| | 28 | **Wanderers** | 3 | Brockville | 2 |
| Feb. | 1 | Brockville | 4 | **Wanderers** | 8 |
| | 1 | **Ottawa** | 7 | Cornwall | 2 |
| | 4 | Montagnards | 4 | **Ottawa** | 14 |
| | 8 | Brockville | 0 | **Ottawa** | 7 |
| | 11 | **Ottawa** | 4 | Wanderers | 2 |
| | 13 | Brockville | 1 | **Cornwall** | 2 |
| | 17 | **Brockville** | 9 | Montagnards | 2 |
| | 18 | **Wanderers** | 7 | Cornwall | 1 |
| | 24 | Cornwall | 0 | **Ottawa** | 9 |
| | 25 | Montagnards | 2 | **Wanderers** | 9 |
| Mar. | 3 (†) | **Ottawa** | 7 | Montagnards | 3 |
|

† Ottawa HC lock down League Championship, retain Stanley Cup.

### Goaltending averages

| Name | Club | GP | GA | SO | Avg. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Finnie, Dave | Ottawa | 8 | 19 | 2 | 2.4 |
| Baker, Bill | Wanderers | 7 | 23 | 0 | 3.3 |
| Bill Kerr | Brockville | 8 | 30 | 0 | 3.8 |
| Napoleon Lavigne | Montagnards | 1 | 4 | 0 | 4.0 |
| Broughton, George | Wanderers | 1 | 4 | 0 | 4.0 |
| Hunter, Jack | Cornwall | 8 | 37 | 0 | 4.6 |
| Menard, Henri | Montagnards | 7 | 58 | 0 | 8.3 |
|

### Scoring leaders

| Name | Club | GP | G |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| McGee, Frank | Ottawa | 6 | 17 |
| Marshall, Jack | Wanderers | 8 | 17 |
| Westwick, Harry | Ottawa | 8 | 15 |
| Smith, Alf | Ottawa | 8 | 13 |
| Blachford, Cecil | Wanderers | 7 | 10 |
| Glass, Frank | Wanderers | 6 | 9 |
| Lannon, Bill | Brockville | 8 | 7 |
| Shore, Hamby | Ottawa | 3 | 6 |
| Marks, Jack | Brockville | 8 | 6 |
| Mallette, Bob | Cornwall | 8 | 5 |
|

## Stanley Cup challenges

### Ottawa vs. Dawson City

The Klondike Hockey Club, in a letter dated August 24, 1904, from team president Weldy Young, a former Ottawa player, issued a challenge to the Ottawa Hockey Club. The Dawson City team had won no championships and was not a member of any recognized senior league, yet Stanley Cup trustees P.D. Ross and John Sweetland approved the challenge. Author Paul Kitchen has speculated that the series was approved because Young knew both Ross and federal government minister Clifford Sifton.

In January 1905, the Dawson City Nuggets travelled 4,000 miles (6,400 km) from the Yukon to Ottawa for a best-of-three Cup challenge series. The Nuggets actually left Dawson City on December 19, 1904, and travelled on a month-long journey by dog sled (Dawson to Whitehorse), ship (Skagway to Vancouver), and train (Whitehorse to Skagway, and Vancouver to Ottawa). The team was no match for the Silver Seven. Ottawa defeated them in the first game, 9–2. Numerous Stanley Cup records were then set in game two, including Frank McGee's 14 goals, which included eight consecutive goals scored in less than nine minutes, and a 23–2 rout, the largest margin of victory for any challenge game or Stanley Cup Finals game to date.

Several players playing for Dawson were from the Ottawa area. Jim Johnstone was from Ottawa. Norman Watt was from Aylmer, Quebec. Randy McLennan had played in a Stanley Cup challenge for Queen's University of Kingston, Ontario. Another player has Stanley Cup challenge experience: Lorne Hanna, "formerly of the Yukon", had played for Brandon Wheat City in their 1904 challenge of Ottawa.

| Date | Winning Team | Score | Losing Team | Location |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| January 13, 1905 | Ottawa HC | 9–2 | Dawson City Nuggets | Dey's Arena |
| January 16, 1905 | Ottawa HC | 23–2 | Dawson City Nuggets | |
| Ottawa wins best-of-three series 2 games to 0 | | | | |

| **Game One**
Dawson at Ottawa, January 13, 1905  Ottawa 9 P Dawson 2  Dave Finnie  G Albert Forrest   Arthur "Bones" Allen  P Jim Johnstone   Arthur Moore  CP Lorne Hanna   Harry Westwick 2 RO Randy McLennan 1  Frank McGee 1 C Hector Smith   Alf Smith 4 RW George Kennedy 1  Fred White 2 LW Norman Watt   Referee – Harlow Stiles, Cornwall |
According to ***The Globe***:
The score was 9 to 2 but Ottawa might have increased its proportions had they set to work to run up a score on the men who had travelled 4,000 miles from the far north in quest of the trophy. During the first twenty minutes of play, the challenging team made a remarkably fine showing against the champions, but after that they gradually faded away and were never seriously in the running, indicating that the chief fault with the team is that they are not in condition to stand the test of a hard battle after their long trip of 23 days from the north. While defeated to-night, it is undoubtedly the fact that the team will be a different proportion in the second game on Monday. |
| --- | --- |
|

Sources:

* *The Globe*, January 14, 1905
* Fischler

| **Game Two**
Dawson at Ottawa, January 16, 1905  Ottawa 23 P Dawson 2  Dave Finnie  G Albert Forrest   Harvey Pulford  P Jim Johnstone   Arthur Moore  CP Lorne Hanna   Harry Westwick 5 RO Dave Fairburn   Frank McGee 14 C Hector Smith 2  Alf Smith 3 RW George Kennedy   Fred White 1 LW Norman Watt   Referee – E. Butterworth, Ottawa   Source: Coleman, pg. 112 |
After the second game, ***The Globe*** reported:
The visiting team was outclassed to-night quite as decisively as the score indicates. In fact had it not been for the fact of Forrest's presence in the Dawson goal the score against them might have been a great deal larger. Ottawa simply skated away from them at the whistle and continued to pile up the goals with a merciless monotonous regularity which was farcical in the extreme. |
| --- | --- |
|

Sources:

* *The Globe*, January 17, 1905
* Fischler

After the series, Ottawa held a banquet for Dawson City at the Ottawa Amateur Athletic Association (OAAA) clubhouse. There is a Stanley Cup legend that after the banquet, the Stanley Cup was drop kicked into the frozen Rideau Canal nearby and retrieved the next day. However, Bill Westwick, *Ottawa Journal* sports editor and the son of Silver Seven player Rat Westwick, and NHL commissioner Frank Calder both deny it ever happened.

### Ottawa vs. Rat Portage Thistles

In March 1905, the Rat Portage Thistles issued another challenge to the Ottawas. McGee did not play in the first game and the Thistles crushed Ottawa, 9–3. However, he returned to lead Ottawa to 4–2 and 5–4 victories in games two and three, respectively. McGee returned in game two, with his good forearm wrapped in a cast, and only a light bandage on his broken wrist, to decoy the Thistles. Alf Smith scored three goals in game two on slow ice, which the Thistles claimed was salted to slow down the Thistles. There was hard ice in game three, and the lead exchanged hands several times. The Thistles led 2–1 at halftime and 3–2 midway through the second half. Ottawa took a 4–3 lead, before Tommy Phillips scored his third of the game to tie the score. However, McGee came through with the winning score late in the game to win it for Ottawa.

| Date | Winning Team | Score | Losing Team | Location |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| March 7, 1905 | Rat Portage Thistles | 9–3 | Ottawa | Dey's Arena |
| March 9, 1905 | Ottawa | 4–2 | Rat Portage Thistles | |
| March 11, 1905 | Ottawa | 5–4 | Rat Portage Thistles | |
| Ottawa wins best-of-three series two games to one. | | | | |

March 7, 1905
| Rat Portage Thistles 9 | |  | Ottawa HC 3 | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Player | G | Pos | Player | G |
| Eddie Geroux |  | G | Dave Finnie |  |
| Matt Brown |  | P | Harvey Pulford, Capt. |  |
| Theophile Bellefuille | 1 | CP | Arthur Moore |  |
| Si Griffis | 2 | R | Harry Westwick | 1 |
| Billy McGimsie |  | C | Horace Gaul |  |
| Tom Hopper | 1 | RW | Alf Smith |  |
| Tommy Phillips, Capt. | 5 | LW | Hamby Shore | 2 |
| **Referee** \- Hartland McDougall | | | | |

* Spare - Rat Portage - Roxy Beaudro -LW/D
* Spare - Ottawa - Arthur "Bones" Allen -D, Billy Bawlf -F Bill Gilmore -LW, Fred White -F

March 9, 1905
| Rat Portage Thistles 2 | |  | Ottawa HC 4 | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Player | G | Pos | Player | G |
| Eddie Geroux |  | G | Dave Finnie |  |
| Matt Brown |  | P | Harvey Pulford, Capt. |  |
| Theophile Bellefuille |  | CP | Arthur Moore |  |
| Si Griffis | 1 | R | Harry Westwick |  |
| Billy McGimsie |  | C | Frank McGee |  |
| Tom Hopper | 1 | RW | Alf Smith | 3 |
| Tommy Phillips, Capt. |  | LW | Billy Gilmour | 1 |
| **Referee** \- Mike Grant | | | | |

* Spare - Rat Portage - Roxy Beaudro - LW/D
* Spare - Ottawa - Arthur "Bones" Allen -D, Billy Bawlf -F, Hamby Shore -RW, Fred White -F

March 11, 1905
| Rat Portage Thistles 4 | |  | Ottawa HC 5 | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Player | G | Pos | Player | G |
| Eddie Geroux |  | G | Dave Finnie |  |
| Matt Brown |  | P | Harvey Pulford, Capt. |  |
| Theophile Bellefuille |  | CP | Arthur Moore |  |
| Si Griffis |  | R | Harry Westwick | 1 |
| Billy McGimsie |  | C | Frank McGee | 3 |
| Tom Hopper | 1 | RW | Alf Smith | 1 |
| Tommy Phillips, Capt. | 3 | LW | Billy Gilmour |  |
| **Referee** \- Mike Grant | | | | |

* Spare - Rat Portage - Roxy Beaudro - LW/D
* Spare - Ottawa - Arthur "Bones" Allen - D, Billy Bawft - F, Hamby Shore - RW, Fred White - F

## Stanley Cup engraving

The following Ottawa Hockey Club players and staff were members of the Stanley Cup winning team. **1905 Ottawa Hockey Club** Silver Sevens

### Players

Centres     Wingers     Defencemen     Goaltenders

### Coaching and administrative staff

* G.P. Murphy (President)&, Robert T. "Bob" Shillington (manager)
* Patrick Baskerville (treasurer), Thomas D'Arcy McGee (secretary)
* Halder Kirby (club doctor), David Barred (team dentist)
* Llewellyn Bates, John Proctor "J.P." Dickson, Martin Rosenthal, Charles Sparks (directors)
* Pete Green (trainer), Mac MacGilton (ass't trainer)

### Stanley Cup engraving

* Patrick "Paddy" Moran name was dotted P. MORAN under the Ottawa vs Dawson engraving on the bowl of the Stanley Cup. The engraving was most likely added during one of the Quebec Bulldogs' Stanley Cup wins in 1912 or 1913.
* Tommy Smith name was scratched T SMITH next to 1905 Ottawa vs Kenora. Tommy Smith won the Stanley Cup in 1906 with Ottawa, 1913 with Quebec. The name was likely added in 1913.
* Weldy Young, a former member of the Ottawa team in the 1890s, and the captain of the Dawson City team, engraved his name on the Cup with a penknife. He had missed playing for Dawson as he was working in the federal election, although he did arrive in Ottawa during the series.
* &- Unknown first Name

### Bibliography

* Coleman, Charles L. (1966). *The Trail of the Stanley Cup, Vol. 1, 1893–1926 inc*. NHL.
* Fischler, Stan (1990). *Golden ice : the greatest teams in hockey history*. Toronto: McGraw Hill Ryerson. ISBN 0-07-549963-0.
* Kitchen, Paul (2008). *Win, Tie or Wrangle: The Inside Story of the Old Ottawa Senators - 1883–1935*. Manotick, Ontario: Penumbra Press. ISBN 978-1-897323-46-5.
* Podnieks, Andrew (2004). *Lord Stanley's Cup*. Fenn Publishing Company, Ltd.
* Shea, Kevin; Wilson, John Jason (2006). *Lord Stanley: The Man Behind the Cup*. Fenn Publishing Company, Ltd. ISBN 1-55168-281-8.
* Zweig, Eric (2012). *Stanley Cup: 120 years of hockey supremacy*. Firefly Books. ISBN 978-1-77085-104-7.


title: Dörken MKS-Systeme

abstract: Dörken MKS-Systeme) is an international specialty chemical company headquartered in Herdecke, Germany. It is the European market leader for micro-layer corrosion protection systems and is represented in more than 150 countries worldwide.

text:
# Dörken MKS-Systeme

**Dörken MKS-Systeme** (Dörken MKS-Systeme GmbH & Co. KG)) is an international specialty chemical company headquartered in Herdecke, Germany. It is the European market leader for micro-layer corrosion protection systems and is represented in more than 150 countries worldwide.

## History

The Dörken MKS-Systeme GmbH & Co. KG was founded in 1980 in Herdecke. The start was with the production and distribution of a micro-layer corrosion protection system for a high-performance but heavy metal-free surface protection, from the beginning without the carcinogenic Chromium VI. Originally, small parts were coated with Zinc flake coating and organic topcoats.

Dörken MKS-Systeme has always been exclusively products in Herdecke. Since the year 2000, Dörken MKS started to open up local offices. Today, there are many offices in the U.S., China, South Korea, and locally working product managers in most European countries as well as in India, Taiwan and Brazil. Since 2002, Dörken MKS-Systeme GmbH & Co. KG is an independent business unit of Ewald Dörken AG. In the year 2010, Dörken has acquired a small company specialized in surface treatment, the LP-Oberflächntechnik GmbH (Schalksmüle).

## Products

Zinc flake coatings Zinc flake coating normally consist of a basecoat and topcoat, this is called a modular system.

## Basecoats

A basecoat determines the corrosion protection properties of the system and is responsible for cathodic protection. The inorganic basecoats are made of zinc flakes and protect parts with very thin – usually between 8-12 μm. The less noble zinc scarifies itself, and this is called cathodic protection. Due to this phenomenon the more noble steel is protected from for many parts and components, specially designed for fasteners in the automotive-, wind-, electrical-, construction- and aviation industry.

## Topcoats

A topcoat complements the properties of the basecoat and influences the chemical/ mechanical resistance of the whole system. They can be organic or inorganic, and offer the ideal seals for the basecoat. The resistance to liquids, chemicals or mechanical stress can be increased, but above all they allow a controlled coefficient of friction. The topcoat is available in many different colors.

## Other products

In addition to the most commonly used basecoat (DELTA®-TONE)) and topcoat (DELTA®-SEAL), there are other products of Dörken MKS e.g. DELTA-LUBE ® 10, which is a lubrication with multifunctional properties that match the basecoats.

Moreover, the product DELTACOLL® 80 was developed which is suitable as a top coat especially for electroplated substrates.

## Markets

The markets of Dörken MKS are mainly the Automotive industry and wind energy industry, others are electrical, Construction industry and aviation industry.

Dörken MKS is at the beginning of the value chain. At first there are the licensed coating companies and manufacturers of components (Tiers) and at the end are the end users (OEM), such as automobile manufacturers Nevertheless, there is a common interaction between all participants of the value chain, a products have to be developed to fulfill the needs of all players.


title: 144th Infantry Regiment (United States)

abstract: The 144th Infantry Regiment is an infantry regiment of the United States Army, Texas Army National Guard. It was formed in 1880 and served in several American wars including the present War on Terror. Currently, only the 3rd Battalion remains, and it is a part of the 56th Infantry Brigade Combat Team of the 36th Infantry Division.

text:
# 144th Infantry Regiment (United States)

The **144th Infantry Regiment (4th Texas)** is an infantry regiment of the United States Army, Texas Army National Guard. It was formed in 1880 and served in several American wars including the present War on Terror. Currently, only the 3rd Battalion remains, and it is a part of the 56th Infantry Brigade Combat Team of the 36th Infantry Division.

## History

The 144th Infantry Regiment was created in April 1880, when six volunteer militia companies of the Texas State Guard consolidated into the 4th Texas Infantry. The six companies were the Lamar Rifles from Dallas, the Fannin Light Guards from Bonham, the Frontier Rifles from Henrietta, the Gate City Guard from Denison, the Johnson County Guard from Cleburne, and the Queen City Guards from Dallas. In 1898, the 4th Texas Volunteers were mustered for federal service in the Spanish–American War, and they were redesignated as the Second Infantry, Texas Volunteers, but they never deployed or saw combat. In 1903, the regiment regained its 4th Texas moniker after a state military force reorganization.

### Border War

In 1916, the 4th Texas mobilized for service along the Mexico–United States border during the Border War, and they were responsible for the Big Bend region of Texas.

### World War I

The regiment was recalled to federal service soon after, in March 1917, and was combined with elements of the 6th Texas Infantry at Camp Bowie to form the new 144th Infantry Regiment. They were going to fight in World War I. They were assigned to the 72nd Brigade of the 36th Infantry Division, alongside the 143rd Infantry Regiment. Arriving in France in July 1918, it trained in Bar-sur-Aube until September where they served as a reserve for the French Army.

On 9 October 1918, the 144th relieved elements of the 2nd Infantry Division during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. By the time the Texans had reached the front, the Germans were engaging in a fighting retreat all along the front line. Enemy artillery, gas, and machine-gun, small arms fire hit the men of the regiment during their continuous advance, but they closed in on the Aisne River by 12 October. The next day, they swept south to clear out any stalwart defenders, and were moved off the line. They spent the rest of the war acting as a divisional reserve. They had lost 369 men in the Great War, the second largest toll of the infantry regiments in the division.

### Interwar period

The 144th Infantry arrived at the port of New York on 5 June 1919 on the troopship USS Pretoria and was demobilized on 3 July 1919 at Camp Travis, near San Antonio, Texas. Per the National Defense Act of 1920, the 144th Infantry was reconstituted in the National Guard on 3 December 1920, assigned to the 36th Division, and allotted to Texas. It was reorganized and federally recognized on 19 May 1922 with the regimental headquarters at Fort Worth. The regimental headquarters was relocated on 16 March 1937 to Dallas. The regiment, or elements thereof, was called up to perform the following state duties: elements for riot control at Dallas, 21–24 May 1925; 1st Battalion and Company L for crowd control during the race riot at Sherman, Texas, 9–24 May 1930; elements for tornado relief duties at Oak Cliff, Texas, 30–31 July 1933; elements for the New London School explosion in March 1937; elements for firefighting and crowd control during oil field fires at Kilgore, Texas, in January 1938; elements for riot control during a workers’ strike on the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad at Texarkana, Texas, in June 1939. Company E was awarded the national William Randolph Hearst Trophy for marksmanship in 1936. The 144th conducted annual summer training most years at Camp Mabry, Austin, Texas, 1922–25, and Camp Hulen, Palacios, Texas, 1926–39. The 144th Infantry was inducted into federal service at home stations on 25 November 1940 and moved to Camp Bowie, where it arrived on 7 January 1941.

### World War II

The day after the attack on Pearl Harbor, 8 December 1941, the regiment moved to Fort Lewis, Washington to guard the West Coast against possible Japanese attack under the Western Defense Command. Because of the restructuring of the US Army, the 144th was removed from the 36th Infantry Division command on 1 February 1942 and assigned to GHQ as a separate regiment. The regiment moved to San Francisco, California, on 20 April 1942, and to Santa Rosa, California, on 7 May 1942 under the Western Defense Command. The regiment moved to Atlantic Beach, Florida 21 January 1943 for coastal patrol duty with the Eastern Defense Command, and then was assigned to Camp Van Dorn. Mississippi on 23 March 1944. The 144th was reassigned to the XXI Corps on 18 April 1944. From March 1944, the regiment provided an accelerated six-week course of infantry training (four weeks of familiarization, qualification, and transition firing, and two weeks of tactical training) to men who were formerly members of disbanded anti-aircraft and tank destroyer units or who had volunteered for transfer to the infantry from other branches of the Army, and men from the 144th served as replacements in 48 different Army divisions. The 144th moved to Camp Swift, Texas, on 5 January 1945, and then to Camp Rucker, Alabama, on 4 April 1945 under the Replacement and School Command, where it was deactivated on 19 September 1945.

### After 1945

When the 49th Armored Division was being created, the 144th Infantry was reactivated by battalion from April to November 1947. The 1st-4th Battalions were redesignated as Mechanized infantry in 1959. The 144th was later mobilized in response to the Berlin Crisis of 1961 and deployed to Fort Polk, Louisiana before returning home in May 1962. It was returned to state service in June. The regiment was briefly deactivated from 1968–1973, where it remained a component of the Texas National Guard.

### Global War on Terror

In 2006, as part of the 56th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, Company B of the 3d Battalion, 144th Infantry Regiment deployed to Iraq after pre-deployment training at Fort Dix, New Jersey and were actively engaged in combat operations. They returned in late 2007. Five Army Commendation Medals with Valor Devices were awarded to soldiers of 1st Platoon, Second Squad in recognition of the defeat of an ambush on a State Department convoy in central Baghdad. On 7 May 2007, 3rd Battalion, 144th Infantry Regiment mobilized as Task Force Panther in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Task Force Panther trained at Camp Shelby, Mississippi, and, after validation, deployed to Kuwait, and then into combat operations in Iraq. The 3rd Battalion, 144th Infantry deployed to Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom in 2012 as Task Force Bowie.

In October 2017, the battalion deployed under Task Force Bayonet in support of Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa, with headquarters out of Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti. The Task Force’s organizational structure was 8 companies, to include one active duty company from the 10th Mountain Division, totaling nearly 1000 Soldiers. 3-144 Infantry redeployed to the United States in July 2018.

In 2016, the headquarters and headquarters company of the battalion were at Fort Worth, Company A at Greenville, Company B at Kilgore, Company C at Seagoville, and Company D at Palestine. By 2018 the battalion Headquarters and Headquarters Company had relocated to Wylie.

## InfoBox

| 144th Infantry Regiment | |
| --- | --- |
| Coat of arms | |
| Active | 1880–1919, 1921–1945, 1947–1968, 1973–present |
| Country | United States |
| Allegiance | Texas |
| Branch | Texas Army National Guard |
| Type | Infantry |
| Nickname(s) | Fourth Texas, Bayonet Battalion |
| Motto(s) | *Par Oneri* (Equal to the Task) |
| Engagements | Border War (1910–19)
World War I
World War II
Iraq War |
| Commanders | |
| Current
commander | LTC John Pearson |
| Notable
commanders | LTC Stan W. Poe LTC Monie Ulis LTC Greg M. Barrow
LTC Michael Houston |
| Insignia | |
| Distinctive unit insignia |  |


abstract: "100%" is a Swedish language song, written by Torgny Söderberg and Monica Forsberg. The song was sung by Lotta Engberg of the group Triple & Touch at the Swedish Melodifestivalen 1988, where it finished third with 47 points. The song text describes the days as a roller coaster, but it's also about love. In 1988, the songs 100% and Lång natt mot gryning from the album 100% were also released on a single record, peaking at #13 at the Swedish singles chart. The song was tested at Svensktoppen, where it stayed for 10 weeks during the time April 3-June 5, 1988. It charted at number one during the first two weeks.

text:
# 100% (Lotta Engberg and Triple & Touch song)

"**100%**" is a Swedish language song, written by Torgny Söderberg and Monica Forsberg. The song was sung by Lotta Engberg of the group *Triple & Touch* at the Swedish Melodifestivalen 1988, where it finished third with 47 points. The song text describes the days as a roller coaster, but it's also about love.

In 1988, the songs *100%* and *Lång natt mot gryning* from the album *100%* were also released on a single record, peaking at #13 at the Swedish singles chart.

The song was tested at Svensktoppen, where it stayed for 10 weeks during the time April 3-June 5, 1988. It charted at number one during the first two weeks.

## Cover versions

## Track listing and formats

* **Swedish 7-inch single**

A. "100%" – 2:55 B. "Lång natt mot gryning" – 3:15

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for "100%"
| Chart (1988) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 13 |
|

## InfoBox

| "100%" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Lotta Engberg and Triple & Touch | |
| from the album  *100%* | |
| Language | Swedish |
| B-side | "Lång natt mot gryning" |
| Released | 1988 |
| Genre | Schlager |
| Length | 2:55 |
| Label | Big Bag |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | * Anders Engberg * Torgny Söderberg |
| Lotta Engberg singles chronology | |
| "Fyra Bugg & en Coca Cola"
(1987) "**100%**"
(1988) "Ringar på vatten"
(1988) | |
|  | |
| Triple & Touch singles chronology | |
| "**100%**"
(1988) "Pata-pata"
(1989) | |
| Audio | |
| "100%" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: 12th Asia Pacific Screen Awards

abstract: The 12th Asia Pacific Screen Awards were held on 29 November 2018 in Brisbane, Australia.

text:
# 12th Asia Pacific Screen Awards

The **12th Asia Pacific Screen Awards** were held on 29 November 2018 in Brisbane, Australia.

## Winners and nominees

Nominees and winners were:

| Best Feature Film | Jury Grand Prize |
| --- | --- |
| ***Shoplifters*** | ***Burning*** |
| Achievement in Directing | Best Screenplay |
| **Nadine Labaki*Capharnaüm*** | **Dan Kleinman and Sameh Zoabi*Tel Aviv on Fire*** |
| Best Actor | Best Actress |
| **Nawazuddin Siddiqui*Manto*** | **Zhao Tao*Ash Is Purest White*** |
| Achievement in Cinematography | Best Youth Feature Film |
| **Hideho Urata – *A Land Imagined*** | ***The Pigeon*** |
| UNESCO Award | Best Animated Feature Film |
| ***Memories of My Body***
* *Ala Changso* * *Balangiga: Howling Wilderness* * *The Lord Eagle* * *The Taste of Rice Flower* | ***Rezo*** |
| Best Documentary Feature Film | Best Original Score |
| ***Gurrumul*** | **Hildur Gudnadottir and Johann Johannsson*Mary Magdalene*** |
|

## InfoBox

| 12th Asia Pacific Screen Awards | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 29 November 2018 |
| Site | Brisbane Conventions and Exhibition Centre, Brisbane
Australia |
| Highlights | |
| Most nominations | *Shoplifters* (3) |
|