title: Ben Geraghty

abstract: Benjamin Raymond Geraghty was an American infielder in Major League Baseball and one of the most successful and respected minor league managers of the 1950s. A Jersey City native, Geraghty went right from Villanova University to the 1936 Brooklyn Dodgers, appearing in 51 games with the team in his rookie season. He appeared in 19 more games with the Boston Braves over the 1943 and 1944 seasons, compiling a batting average of.199 in 146 at bats with 29 hits in 71 career games. In 1946, he survived a horrific bus crash that killed nine of his Spokane Indians teammates. As he wound up his playing career, Geraghty started managing. He was part of the Milwaukee Braves system for nine years from 1953 through 1961, during which time Hank Aaron played for him. Aaron considered Geraghty the best manager he ever had. In his 18-year managing career, Geraghty won 1,432 games and lost 1,154 (.554). He won five pennants in seven years (1953–59) while piloting Braves affiliates. In the ten seasons of 1953 through 1962, a Geraghty-managed team never finished lower than second place. He was managing the Jacksonville Suns in 1963 when he suffered a fatal heart attack on June 18, just shy of his 51st birthday.

text:
# Ben Geraghty

**Benjamin Raymond Geraghty** (July 19, 1912 – June 18, 1963) was an American infielder in Major League Baseball and one of the most successful and respected minor league managers of the 1950s.

A Jersey City native, Geraghty went right from Villanova University to the 1936 Brooklyn Dodgers, appearing in 51 games with the team in his rookie season. He appeared in 19 more games with the Boston Braves over the 1943 and 1944 seasons, compiling a batting average of .199 in 146 at bats with 29 hits in 71 career games. In 1946, he survived a horrific bus crash that killed nine of his Spokane Indians teammates.

As he wound up his playing career, Geraghty started managing. He was part of the Milwaukee Braves system for nine years from 1953 through 1961, during which time Hank Aaron played for him. Aaron considered Geraghty the best manager he ever had. In his 18-year managing career, Geraghty won 1,432 games and lost 1,154 (.554). He won five pennants in seven years (1953–59) while piloting Braves affiliates. In the ten seasons of 1953 through 1962, a Geraghty-managed team never finished lower than second place. He was managing the Jacksonville Suns in 1963 when he suffered a fatal heart attack on June 18, just shy of his 51st birthday.

## Early life

Benjamin Raymond Geraghty was born on July 19, 1912, in Jersey City, New Jersey. He was the youngest of eight children of Patrick and Ida Geraghty, Irish immigrants to the United States. Patrick held several jobs during Ben's childhood; he was employed for over ten years as a teamster, then as a chauffeur for a tea factory, and finally as a night manager at the garage for the National Grocery Company. The Geraghtys lived on 157 Grand Street in Jersey City, along with two of Ida's brothers, the four-member Greaves family, and a boarder from Sweden. Patrick died in an accident not long after Ben's 14th birthday, when he was crushed between two trucks at work. Thomas, the second-oldest boy who worked as a policeman in the community, helped raise the younger children after Patrick's death.

During his freshman and sophomore years of high school, Geraghty attended St. Peter's Preparatory School in Jersey City, where he played baseball as a pitcher and also was part of the basketball team. He transferred to St. Benedict's Preparatory School in Newark as junior. By this time, he had begun playing football as well, though his high school yearbook implied that basketball was his best sport. He graduated in 1932.

Geraghty then attended Villanova University, majoring in journalism. He continued to play baseball and basketball, both of which were coached by George Jacobs. Standing 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m) tall and weighing 170 pounds (77 kg), Geraghty was shorter than average for a basketball player, but he scored a great deal of points and was named the team captain as a senior. For the baseball team, he played third base, though he had to battle Frank Skaff for playing time.

## Brooklyn Dodgers (1936)

While Geraghty was playing baseball for Villanova, scout Mel Logan recommended him to the Brooklyn Dodgers. Geraghty attended spring training for the Dodgers in 1936 and made a strong impression with manager Casey Stengel. Lonny Frey, the incumbent shortstop for the team, was error-prone and missed time in mid-March with an injury. At the close of spring training, Stengel decided to move Frey to second base and added Geraghty to the Opening Day roster.

Jimmy Jordan made the first three starts of the year at shortstop; then, Geraghty played 15 straight games at the position. Making his MLB debut on April 17, he played all 10 innings of a game against the Philadelphia Phillies, recording two hits and a run batted in (RBI) in a 4–3 Dodger victory. He batted .429 in his first 10 games. On April 19, Jimmie Wilson of the Phillies kicked the baseball away from Geraghty as he stole second base. "He won't pull that again on me. The next time I'll just take that throw and tag him on the nose with the ball," Geraghty informed Stengel. Seven days later, also against Philadelphia, Geraghty became the first of a handful of players to reach first base on catcher's interference twice during a game. Phillies catcher Earl Grace wrongly calculated that the rookie Geraghty and an inexperienced umpire would not notice him block Geraghty's swing.

A hand injury caused Geraghty to miss five games in May. Upon his return, he struggled to hit. He made just one start at shortstop after June 9, though he began getting playing time at other infield positions, such as second base and third base. After July 29, the Dodgers sent him to the Allentown Brooks of the Class A New York-Penn League. In 51 games with Brooklyn, he had batted .194 with 11 runs scored, 25 hits, and 9 RBIs. He hit no home runs for the Dodgers; in fact, Geraghty would never hit a home run professionally. Later recalling his rookie year in 1963, Geraghty said, "I knew, the first month I was up with Brooklyn, that I was not good enough to play this game. I made up my mind that if I was going to stay in baseball I'd have to do it with my head."

Finishing the 1936 season with Allentown, Geraghty batted .246 with 28 hits in 35 games. That fall, he returned to Villanova, finishing his journalism degree. He did not play at all in 1937. The exact reasons for this are unknown; though two articles from 1943 said he was in an automobile accident that year, the Dodgers placed him on their ineligible list in February. Geraghty had to appeal to commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis for reinstatement in order to make his return in 1938. Meanwhile, Geraghty secured a job off the field as a cemetery superintendent, which would remain his offseason occupation for several years.

## Washington Senators organization, break from the game (1937–42)

Geraghty's rights had been acquired by the Trenton Senators, a Class A Eastern League affiliate of the Washington Senators, in August 1937. He debuted with the team in 1938, batting .264 with 117 hits in 120 games. Trenton moved to Springfield in 1939, and Geraghty played 38 games for them, batting .233. His time was limited by a broken elbow. Another injury occurred on July 28, against the Williamsport Grays. Geraghty scored from first base on a dropped pop fly, but his celebration was short-lived, as he collapsed because of a hemorrhage. Williamsport purchased his contract after the game, and Baseball-Reference.com indicates he was under contract to the Grays in 1940, though no statistics are recorded. He sat out the 1941 and 1942 seasons, taking a job with a California shipyard before Stengel, now manager of the Boston Braves encouraged him to return east and make a comeback in 1943.

## Boston Braves (1943–44)

Due to World War II, all MLB teams except the St. Louis ones trained east of the Mississippi River and north of the Potomac and Ohio River, not in the south like they normally did. Training in Wallingford, Connecticut, the Braves tried to do most of their work indoors initially, but they ended this practice after Geraghty and two others suffered minor leg injuries because of the slick floor. Geraghty made the team and was still with them by the time the All-Star Game was played. However, he only appeared in eight games and only had one at bat. Mostly, he was utilized as a pinch runner; he scored two runs in this capacity. The Braves optioned him to the Eastern League's Hartford Bees on July 18, and Geraghty batted .312 in 39 games.

Geraghty started 1944 with the Braves, appearing in seven games through mid-May before again getting sent to the minors, this time to the Syracuse Chiefs of the Class AA International League. He played 84 games for the Chiefs, batting .224 with 22 RBI. Recalled by Boston in September, he played in four more games, the last appearances of his MLB career. His final game was against the Dodgers on September 14; pinch-running for Buck Etchison, he scored to give the Braves the lead, though Boston allowed runs in the eighth and ninth and lost 5–4. After going hitless with the Braves in 1943, Geraghty had four hits in 16 at bats for them in 1944. He actually began the 1945 season on Boston's roster but was sent to the minors in mid-May without having played. In 70 total MLB games, he compiled a batting average of .199 in 146 at bats with 29 hits, four of which were doubles, and nine RBI.

## Minor league player-manager (1945–48)

### Indianapolis Indians

After being demoted in 1945, Geraghty finished out the year playing 117 games for the Indianapolis Indians of the Class AA American Association. In 117 games, he batted .270 with 63 runs scored, 111 hits, and 25 RBI. Heading west in 1946, he joined the Sacramento Solons of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League but only lasted four games before getting released. Geraghty then signed with the Spokane Indians of the Class B Western International League, with whom his life would be forever altered.

### Survived 1946 Spokane bus tragedy

On June 24, 1946, Geraghty survived one of the greatest tragedies in baseball history, when the bus carrying the Spokane Indians crashed and caught fire after attempting to avert an oncoming car on a rain-slicked mountain pass. Nine players were killed; Geraghty was among the injured. He sustained a severe head wound when he was thrown through a window before the bus burst into flames, but he was able to climb up the hillside and signal for help. The Spokane club was decimated and could only continue the season with players loaned from other teams and organizations. "I guess I'm pretty lucky", Geraghty told the Associated Press the day after the crash. "I was thrown right out a window. I took the window frame right with me. I remember flying out the window, but I must have been knocked out because I don't remember landing." Geraghty's head wound required 28 stitches to close, and he was on crutches as the result of a broken kneecap.

Despite his head injury, Geraghty was named the immediate replacement for Mel Cole—the team's catcher and player-manager who perished in the crash—as the Indians' first post-accident skipper. But his injuries were too serious, and former big-leaguer Glenn Wright assumed the reins for the rest of 1946. Geraghty was able to return to Spokane to play for and manage the Indians in 1947. He appeared in 31 games for the Indians, batting .348. Meanwhile, he led them to a second-place finish and 87 victories. His health, however, would never be the same. He would manage in the minors for the next 16 seasons, but he was troubled by heart disease, cardiovascular disease and ulcers, and developed a reputation as a heavy drinker.

### 1947–48

Geraghty was released after the 1947 season. He had come into conflict with team owner Sam Collins when he criticized the release of an outfielder, but his popularity with the fans had helped him last the rest of the season before getting released. Hired by the Cleveland Indians in 1948, he started the year playing for and managing the Meridian Peps of the Class B Southeastern League. In 15 games, he batted .128 before getting released on May 30. Those games were the last time in his career he would be an active player. Later in the year, he managed the Palatka Azaleas of the Class D Florida State League as they finished the season in eighth place.

## New York Giants affiliates (1949–52)

Over the next four years, Geraghty managed New York Giants minor league teams. He guided the Class D Bristol Twins of the Appalachian League to a third-place finish (76–41) in 1949 and a second-place finish (74–47) in 1950. In 1951, he moved up to Class A, managing the Jacksonville Tars of the South Atlantic League (SAL). George Booker of *The Sporting News* wrote in August, "A great deal of the Tar success this season must be attributed to Ben Geraghty, who, with his magic touch, has turned a poor spring team into a 1951 pennant contender for the first time in years." The Tars finished second in the SAL with a 79–58 record, but they slumped to seventh in 1952 with a 69–85 record. Geraghty remained on with the team in 1953, when they changed their name to "Braves" as a result of their new affiliation with Milwaukee. That year, Geraghty managed his most famous prospect.

## Milwaukee Braves affiliates (1953–61)

### Manager of young Hank Aaron (1953)

One of the 1953 Jacksonville Braves was 19-year-old Hank Aaron. "He was the greatest manager I ever played for, perhaps the greatest manager who ever lived, and that includes managers in the big leagues. I've never played for a guy who could get more out of every ballplayer than he could. He knew how to communicate with everybody and to treat every player as an individual," Aaron said. Baseball's future home run king also recalled that "he chewed me out when I needed it, but he told me how good I could be and – most important – he taught me how to study the game, and never make the same mistake twice." Pat Jordan, another 1953 Jacksonville Brave, remembered that Geraghty, a white man, would regularly confront the rigid racial segregation of the times. Geraghty would insist that he and his minority players (Aaron, Horace Garner, and Felix Mantilla) be served as equals at the finest restaurants. "Invariably, they would be refused service", Jordan wrote. "While Aaron waited nervously outside, Geraghty complained loudly to the management ... They \[would go\] to the next best restaurant, and the next and the next, until Geraghty finally located one that would serve \[them\]." The Braves won the SAL pennant with a 93–44 record in 1953, and Geraghty was named the league's best manager.

### Further years with Jacksonville (1954–58)

By the 1953-54 offseason, Geraghty's offseason occupation was selling TV sets. He led the Braves to another pennant in 1954, with an 83–57 record. Over the 1954-55 offseason, Geraghty managed the Caguas-Guayama Criollos of the Puerto Rican Winter League, a last-minute replacement for Mickey Owen, who chose to play for a Venezuelan team instead. In 1955, Geraghty expressed his desire that players pay attention to the game: "A guy who doesn't study to improve himself has got no place in baseball. We got enough rockheads already." He had to take several days off in June due to stomach problems. Jacksonville finished second in 1955 with a 79–61 record, and Geraghty returned to the Criollos over the offseason. Guiding them to a second-place finish, he tied Herman Franks in voting for the league's best manager, a deadlock that was settled when Franks asked that Geraghty be given the honor. Caguas-Guayama won the league title and tied for second in the subsequent Caribbean Series, played against teams from surrounding nations.

Jacksonville won their third pennant under Geraghty in 1956 with an 87–53 record. Charlie Grimm was fired as Milwaukee's manager that year, and Geraghty later noted that he was passed over when Fred Haney was named the replacement, though no articles at the time mentioned that Geraghty was a candidate. While managing Caguas-Guayama in the offseason, he discovered that he had been promoted to manage the American Association's Wichita Braves, Milwaukee's top minor league affiliate.

Geraghty's promotion brought immediate results to a team that had finished seventh the year before. "Look at what Ben Geraghty's done to that club" was a remark Frank Haraway of *The Sporting News* overheard many times in the season's first two months; he attributed the improvement to a change in the team's attitude. As it battled for the title, Wichita dealt with injuries to key players and saw several of their regulars promoted to the major league club, which was also in a pennant race. In fact, Geraghty recommended to Milwaukee general manager John Quinn that the team promote Bob Hazle, one of Wichita's starting outfielders. Hazle went on to bat .403 in the season's final two months, helping the parent club win the National League (NL) pennant and ultimately the 1957 World Series. Despite losing key players, Geraghty secured his fourth minor league pennant, as Wichita won the American Association title with a record of 93–61 before losing in the first round of the playoffs. He was named the league's top manager, and *The Sporting News* named him their Minor League Manager of the Year.

In the winter of 1957–58, Geraghty went to the Dominican Republic to manage the Estrellas Orientales. During the 1958 season, Geraghty again saw several of his star players called up by Milwaukee. Wichita got off to a slow start, improved as the year went on, but only managed to finish second this time, posting an 83–71 record. Wichita still qualified for the playoffs but lost in the first round again. That offseason, Geraghty managed Caguas-Guayama in his most physically demanding offseason yet. Geraghty first suffered a knee injuring while demonstrating a double play, then had to go to Milwaukee for treatment after getting struck by a foul ball during batting practice. This would mark the last time he managed in Latin America over the offseason.

### Louisville Colonels (1959–61)

The Braves American Association affiliate became the Louisville Colonels in 1959, and Geraghty moved to Kentucky with the franchise. Dave Roberts called him Milwaukee's most respected minor league manager. Louisville won the pennant a 97–65 record, but they lost in the first round of the playoffs. Instead of managing winter ball after the season, Geraghty instructed Braves prospects in Bradenton, Florida, that fall.

When Fred Haney stepped down as Milwaukee's manager following the 1959 season, Geraghty was strongly considered for the Braves' managerial opening. Reporters noted that he was an excellent manager but that he lacked the big-name reputation of other candidates. Ultimately, Chuck Dressen was hired instead. "I think Dressen coming into our organization will mean a big difference to our personnel in Milwaukee. The boys will be better off," Geraghty graciously said in January 1960. "I know how badly he wanted to manage in the big leagues, so I know how much it hurt when he didn't get the job," Aaron recalled in 1972.

Before the 1960 season, Geraghty developed some pre-spring training routines for the young players. "This could do the boys a lot of good. ... They can accomplish more working together like this than on their own at some gymnasium. Otherwise, people hang around and talk to them and they kill a lot of time." Grimm made him part of his strategy board in Milwaukee's 1960 spring training. He started the season as Louisville's manager, but ulcers led to his hospitalization in May, and a six-month rest prescribed by doctors sidelined Geraghty for the rest of the 1960 season. He started instructing prospects again that fall and told reporters, "When my chance in the majors comes, I'll be ready."

Returning to Louisville in 1961, Geraghty managed the team for the whole year, leading the Colonels to an 80–70 record and a second-place finish. This time, the Colonels won in the American Association playoffs, allowing them to advance to the Junior World Series, where the Buffalo Bisons swept them. That September, Grimm stepped down as Milwaukee's manager. However, Birdie Tebbetts was chosen as his replacement instead. Convinced that he would never advance in Milwaukee's organization, as the Braves viewed him as more valuable as a developmental coach than a major league manager, Geraghty left the Braves' organization, having managed their teams for nine years.

## Return to Jacksonville (1962–63)

On October 11, 1961, Geraghty signed a three-year contract to manage Cleveland's new Class AAA team, the Jacksonville Suns. Jacksonville fans were glad to have their old manager back. That January, he underwent a four-hour operation in a Jacksonville hospital to correct a circulatory condition. Recovering in time for spring training, he led his 1962 Suns to 94 victories and earned his second *Sporting News* Minor League Manager of the Year Award and final pennant, although his Suns were defeated in seven games by the Atlanta Crackers in the finals of the Governors' Cup playoffs. "You've got to be lucky in this game to win," Geraghty said upon receiving the award.

Tommy John played for Geraghty in 1962 and 1963 with the Suns. He heard that Geraghty had once been a great instructor in the minor leagues, but by the time John joined the team, Geraghty tended to favor the veterans over the younger players, since the veterans needed less instruction. John also observed the impact the bus accident had on Geraghty. "I noticed that Ben never slept on long bus trips. He'd sit in his seat all night, wide awake, just staring out the window. Or when the club was at home, he'd go into his office, which was directly opposite my locker, and sit there silently chain-smoking cigarettes and swigging his beer. He'd stare at nothing, as if trying to remember something...or maybe trying to forget."

The Suns got off to a slow start in 1963, with a 26–39 record through June 17. Bobby Maduro, the team owner, discussed with Geraghty which players the club might obtain to help their performance. That night, he suffered shoulder pain. Next morning, he awoke with chest pain. His wife phoned for medical help, but Geraghty was stricken with a fatal heart attack, dying at 4:15 A.M., one month shy of his 51st birthday. "I don't know of another manager in baseball whom the paying fans held in so much respect", Bill Foley, the *Florida Times-Union's* sports editor, wrote upon Geraghty's death. He is interred in Jacksonville's Evergreen Cemetery.

In his 18-year managing career, Geraghty won 1,432 games and lost 1,154 (.554). He won five pennants in seven years (1953–59) while piloting Braves affiliates. In the ten seasons of 1953 through 1962, a Geraghty-managed team never finished lower than second place.

## Personal life

Geraghty married Mary Dowd, of Livingston, New Jersey, on November 17, 1938. They had five children: Patrick, Elizabeth, Barry, Thomas, and Benjamin Jr. (or "Benjie"). He was very superstitious, once having a lucky rabbit's foot flown to a visiting city on a Trans World Airlines flight when he forgot to bring it with him on the team's road trip. The 1946 bus crash left him in a state of constant anxiety whenever he rode buses. Jordan recalled that he would wear a lucky shirt, drink an entire case of beer, and chatter incessantly with the bus driver. "He had an amazing capacity for beer...the unusual thing about him, though, was that he never seemed to show the effects of it at all," Aaron recalled.

* Aaron, Henry; Bisher, Furman (1974). *Aaron*. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company. ASIN B0039KGHEQ.
* Jordan, Pat, *A False Spring.* New York: Dodd, Mead, 1975. ISBN 978-0-396-07078-8.

## InfoBox

| Ben Geraghty | |
| --- | --- |
| Geraghty as manager of the Jacksonville Braves in 1953 | |
| **Infielder** | |
| **Born:** (1912-07-19)July 19, 1912<br>Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S. | |
| **Died:** June 18, 1963(1963-06-18) (aged 50)<br>Jacksonville, Florida, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| April 17, 1936, for the Brooklyn Dodgers | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| September 14, 1944, for the Boston Braves | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .199 |
| Home runs | 0 |
| Runs batted in | 9 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Austrostipa crinita

abstract: Austrostipa crinita is a species of grass that grows in coastal parts of midwest Western Australia.

text:
# Austrostipa crinita

***Austrostipa crinita*** is a species of grass that grows in coastal parts of midwest Western Australia.

## Description

It is a tufted perennial bunchgrass from 40 centimetres to 70 centimetres in height. Flowers are yellow or brown. It reproduces asexually by short rhizomes.

## Taxonomy

It was first collected from Shark Bay in Western Australia by Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré, botanist to the expedition of Louis de Freycinet. It was published by Gaudichaud-Beaupré in 1829 under the name *Stipa crinita*. That name remained current until 1996, when the Australian species of *Stipa* were recognised as meriting their own genus. Thus *Austrostipa* was erected, and this and other species were transferred into it.

## Distribution and habitat

It occurs on sand and limestone in coastal areas of midwest Western Australia, including offshore islands such as those of the Houtman Abrolhos.

## InfoBox

| *Austrostipa crinita* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Pooideae |
| Genus: | *Austrostipa* |
| Species: | ***A. crinita*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Austrostipa crinita***<br>(Gaudich.) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett | |
|


title: Basil the Confessor

abstract: There are two individuals known as Basil the Confessor; one was a monk and the other Bishop of Parium.

text:
# Basil the Confessor

There are two individuals known as **Basil the Confessor** (Greek: Βασιλείος ό Ομολογητής); one was a monk and the other Bishop of Parium.

## Venerable Basil the Confessor

Venerable Basil the Confessor was an Eastern Orthodox saint who lived in the 8th century. During the iconoclast controversy, Basil and his teacher Procopius of Decapolis, were imprisoned by the Byzantine Emperor Leo III the Isaurian. Both languished in prison until the death of the emperor in 741, when they were released and returned to their monastery. He died peacefully in 750 and is venerated February 28 (New Style; March 13 Old Style).

## Basil the Confessor, Bishop of Parium

Basil was a monk who was elected Bishop of Parium. In February 754 Emperor Constantine V convened a synod at Hieria to condemn the veneration of icons. Basil refused to sign the orders for their destruction, He subsequently avoided any dealings with the iconoclasts. For this he suffered much persecution, hunger and deprivation. He is commemorated April 12.

## InfoBox

| Basil the Confessor | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Confessor | |
| Feast | February 28 |


title: 2002 Women's Pro Softball League season

abstract:
The 2002 Women's Pro Softball League season was a year after the WPSL suspended play in 2001 and before it rebranded, toured, and resumed competitive play as National Pro Fastpitch in 2003 and 2004. From 1997 to 2002, the league operated under the names Women's Pro Fastpitch (WPF) and Women's Pro Softball League (WPSL). In December 2001 WPSL announced that Commissioner/CEO John D. Carroll was stepping down to be replaced by Richard A. Levine as the WPSL President and CEO. Levine had been a WPSL executive vice president and had experience marketing the 1994 FIFA World Cup and as the first general manager of MLS' Colorado Rapids. Initially, WPSL intended to reorganize the league's ownership structure and resume play in 2003 with 6 to 10 teams.
By August 2002, tryouts for the new teams, originally planned for December 2002, were postponed to December 2003. WPSL announced a 2003 Fastpitch Festival Tour as a marketing and promotional tool to bring exposure and local support to the league in advance of the 2004 relaunch. The only games played by WPSL in 2003 were a double header, as part of the 2002 National Softball Association (NSA) Fastpitch World Series activities, featuring WPSL All-Stars playing Tennessee All-Stars on July 20 at Jim Frost Stadium in Chattanooga, TN. The WPSL All-Stars won both games by scores of 13-1 and 7-1. On November 21, WPSL announced its new name: National Pro Fastpitch (NPF).

text:
# 2002 Women's Pro Softball League season

The **2002 Women's Pro Softball League season** was a year after the WPSL suspended play in 2001 and before it rebranded, toured, and resumed competitive play as National Pro Fastpitch in 2003 and 2004. From 1997 to 2002, the league operated under the names Women's Pro Fastpitch (WPF) and Women's Pro Softball League (WPSL).

In December 2001 WPSL announced that Commissioner/CEO John D. Carroll was stepping down to be replaced by Richard A. Levine as the WPSL President and CEO. Levine had been a WPSL executive vice president and had experience marketing the 1994 FIFA World Cup and as the first general manager of MLS' Colorado Rapids.

Initially, WPSL intended to reorganize the league's ownership structure and resume play in 2003 with 6 to 10 teams. By August 2002, tryouts for the new teams, originally planned for December 2002, were postponed to December 2003. WPSL announced a 2003 Fastpitch Festival Tour as a marketing and promotional tool to bring exposure and local support to the league in advance of the 2004 relaunch.

The only games played by WPSL in 2003 were a double header, as part of the 2002 National Softball Association (NSA) Fastpitch World Series activities, featuring WPSL All-Stars playing Tennessee All-Stars on July 20 at Jim Frost Stadium in Chattanooga, TN. The WPSL All-Stars won both games by scores of 13-1 and 7-1.

On November 21, WPSL announced its new name: **National Pro Fastpitch (NPF).**

## Roster

The roster of the 2002 WPSL All-Star softball team is listed below:

| Name | Position | College | Hometown |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Allison Andrade | SS | Arizona | Morgan Hill, CA |
| Lisa Carey | 1B/SS | Oklahoma | Topeka, KS |
| Nancy Evans | 3B/UT | Arizona | Glendale, CA |
| Chrissy Gil | OF | Arizona | West Covina, CA |
| Erika Hanson | OF | Arizona | Thousand Oaks, CA |
| Lisa Iancin | 2B | California | Covina, CA |
| Becky Lemke | P | Arizona | Fountain Hills, AZ |
| Julie Marshall | C/1B | UCLA | Bethel Island, CA |
| Scia Maumausolo | DP/C | CSU Northridge | San Diego, CA |
| Amanda Renfro | P | Texas Tech | Houston, TX |
| Kendall Richards | 3B | Texas A&M | Eugene, OR |
| Cheri Shinn | OF/UT | CSU Northridge | Olivehurst, CA |

**Head coach** Tim Kiernan

**Assistant coach** Chuck Windmiller

## InfoBox

| 2002 WPSL Season | |
| --- | --- |
| League | Women's Pro Softball League |
| Sport | softball |
| Number of games | 2 |


title: Fred Fredericks

abstract: Harold "Fred" Fredericks, Jr. was an American cartoonist who drew the Mandrake the Magician comic strip from June 1965, taking over for the late Phil Davis. Creator Lee Falk modernized the comic when Fredericks took over the strip, making it more reality-based by focusing less on science fiction and fantasy, and making Mandrake operate more like a secret agent, often helping out the police with cases they could not solve. Fredericks is also well known for inking The Phantom Sunday strips 1995 to 2000; Graham Nolan succeeded Fredericks when he decided to concentrate fully on Mandrake. He was also known for writing the comic strip "Rebel" for Scholastic Magazine from 1964 to the early 1990s, and for drawing the following comic books: Nancy, Boris Karloff, The Twilight Zone, Mighty Mouse, Barney Google and Snuffy Smith, O.G. Whiz presents Tubby, Bullwinkle, Mister Ed and The Munsters. Fredericks also inked several comic books for Marvel Comics and DC Comics, including The Punisher War Journal, Nth Man: the Ultimate Ninja, Defenders of the Earth, Daredevil, Quasar and G.I. Joe. After Mandrake creator Lee Falk died in 1999, Fredericks became responsible for writing the scripts for the Mandrake strip by himself. The Mandrake Sunday page continued until the final (187th) story, "Shadows on Devil Road", ending December 29, 2002. In 2013, Fredericks retired, and the Mandrake daily comic strip went into reprints from 1995 beginning on July 8, 2013. He died March 10, 2015.

text:
# Fred Fredericks

**Harold "Fred" Fredericks, Jr.** (August 9, 1929 – March 10, 2015) was an American cartoonist who drew the *Mandrake the Magician* comic strip from June 1965, taking over for the late Phil Davis. Creator Lee Falk modernized the comic when Fredericks took over the strip, making it more reality-based by focusing less on science fiction and fantasy, and making Mandrake operate more like a secret agent, often helping out the police with cases they could not solve.

Fredericks is also well known for inking *The Phantom* Sunday strips 1995 to 2000 (pencilled by George Olesen); Graham Nolan succeeded Fredericks when he decided to concentrate fully on Mandrake.

He was also known for writing the comic strip "Rebel" for Scholastic Magazine from 1964 to the early 1990s, and for drawing the following comic books: *Nancy*, *Boris Karloff*, *The Twilight Zone*, *Mighty Mouse*, *Barney Google and Snuffy Smith*, *O.G. Whiz presents Tubby,* *Bullwinkle*, *Mister Ed* and *The Munsters*. Fredericks also inked several comic books for Marvel Comics and DC Comics, including *The Punisher War Journal*, *Nth Man: the Ultimate Ninja*, *Defenders of the Earth*, *Daredevil*, *Quasar* and *G.I. Joe*.

After Mandrake creator Lee Falk died in 1999, Fredericks became responsible for writing the scripts for the Mandrake strip by himself. The Mandrake Sunday page continued until the final (187th) story, "Shadows on Devil Road", ending December 29, 2002.

In 2013, Fredericks retired, and the Mandrake daily comic strip went into reprints from 1995 beginning on July 8, 2013. He died March 10, 2015.

## Legacy

In *Big Hero 6*, as well as its follow up *Big Hero 6: The Series*, the comic book loving character of Fred reveals that his full name is Frederick Frederickson IV, most likely a reference to Fred Fredericks.

## InfoBox

| Fred Fredericks | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Harold Fredericks, Jr.<br>August 9, 1929 |
| Died | March 10, 2015(2015-03-10) (aged 85) |
| Nationality | American |
| Area(s) | Penciller, Inker |
| Notable works | Mandrake the Magician, The Phantom, Nth Man |


title: Bathurst Parish, New Brunswick

abstract: Bathurst is a geographic parish in Gloucester County, New Brunswick, Canada. For governance purposes, the parish is divided between the city of Bathurst, the town of Belle-Baie, and the Chaleur rural district, as well as the Pabineau 11 Indian reserve; the city, town, and village are all part of the Chaleur Regional Service Commission. Prior to the 2023 governance reform, the parish was divided between Bathurst, the town of Beresford, the Indian reserve, and six local service districts: Allardville, Big River, Dunlop, New Bandon-Salmon Beach, North Tetagouche, and the parish of Bathurst; In the 2023 reform, Bathurst annexed most of North Tetagouche, the northern part of Big River, a part of New Bandon-Salmon Beach along Currie Street, and parts of the LSD of the parish of Bathurst including the communities of Chamberlain Settlement, Gloucester Junction, and Sainte-Anne; Beresford became part of Belle-Baie, annexing Dunlop and small parts of the parish LSD; Allardville and the remaining parts of Big River, New Bandon-Salmon Beach, and the parish LSD became part of the rural district.

text:
# Bathurst Parish, New Brunswick

**Bathurst** is a geographic parish in Gloucester County, New Brunswick, Canada.

For governance purposes, the parish is divided between the city of Bathurst, the town of Belle-Baie, and the Chaleur rural district, as well as the Pabineau 11 Indian reserve; the city, town, and village are all part of the Chaleur Regional Service Commission.

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, the parish was divided between Bathurst, the town of Beresford, the Indian reserve, and six local service districts: Allardville, Big River, Dunlop, New Bandon-Salmon Beach, North Tetagouche, and the parish of Bathurst; In the 2023 reform, Bathurst annexed most of North Tetagouche, the northern part of Big River, a part of New Bandon-Salmon Beach along Currie Street, and parts of the LSD of the parish of Bathurst including the communities of Chamberlain Settlement, Gloucester Junction, and Sainte-Anne; Beresford became part of Belle-Baie, annexing Dunlop and small parts of the parish LSD; Allardville and the remaining parts of Big River, New Bandon-Salmon Beach, and the parish LSD became part of the rural district.

## Origin of name

The parish was named in honour of Earl Bathurst, British Secretary of State for War and the Colonies at the time of its erection.

## History

Bathurst was erected in 1827 from the western part of Saumarez Parish. Its eastern boundary followed Teagues Brook to its head and ran south "to the county line", which it doesn't actually reach.

In 1850 the eastern boundary was altered to match the northern end of the modern parish line then along its prolongation to the county line, trading areas with New Bandon Parish.

In 1947 a large area in the southeastern part of the parish was included in the newly erected Allardville Parish.

## Boundaries

Bathurst Parish is bounded:

* on the north by Nepisiguit Bay;
* on the east by a grant line that crosses the junction of Route 11 and Route 340 near Janeville, then southerly by the line and its prolongation to Tier 1 of the Allardville East Settlement, which runs along the northern side of Route 160, then briefly westerly along Tier 1 to the prolongation of the boundary of the Tracadie River Game Management area, at a right angle and northerly along the boundary of the GMA, then at a right angle and westerly along the prolongation of the southern line of two grants south of Goodwin Mills Road to the Canadian National Railway line, then southerly along the railway to the Northumberland County line;
* on the south by the county line;
* on the northwest by the prolongation of the northern lines of two grants on the north side of Kent Lodge Road in Beresford from Nepisiguit Bay to the county line;
* the parish also includes any islands in front of it.

## Former governance

The LSDs all assessed for community & recreation services; all except New Bandon-Salmon Beach also had street lighting.

* Bathurst is located around Bathurst Harbour and contains most of the population. Population in 2016 was 11,897.
* Beresford extended into the parish on the northwestern corner of Bathurst, between the railway and the coast. No separate population figure for Bathurst Parish portion.
* **Pabineau 11** Indian reserve straddles the Nepisiguit River at the mouth of the Pabineau River. Population in 2016 was 134.
* **Big River** extended inland from the southern edge of Bathurst, along Route 340 past the Pabineau reserve, and along the Little River Road. It was established in 1989 to add street lighting. Population in 2016 was 721.
* North Tetagouche sat between the Beresford Parish line and the Tetagouche River from Bathurst to the end of North Tetagouche Road, excluding a small area that was included in Dunlop. It was established in 1987 to provide community services. Population in 2016 was 945.
* Allardville, mainly in Allardville Parish, included about 200 hectares along Route 134, south of Goodwin Mill Road. 2016 population not profiled for this portion.
* Dunlop, mainly in Beresford Parish, extended into the parish about a half kilometre along Route 315. 2016 population not profiled for this portion.
* New Bandon-Salmon Beach, partly in New Bandon Parish, included all of the parish east of Bathurst and the rear line of the tier of grants along Route 134. Population of the Bathurst Parish portion in 2016 was 354.
* The local service district of **the parish of Bathurst** comprised the remainder of the parish. It was established in 1969 and originally included all of the parish outside Bathurst and Beresford. Several service areas were formerly defined to provide street lighting but were deleted in 2008 after residents of the remainder of the LSD voted to add street lighting; These were sometimes erroneously called LSDs.
    + *Poirier Subdivision*, established 1985. A subdivision off Route 134 near the southern border of Bathurst.
    + *Lone Pine and Napier Heights*, established 1987. A subdivision area on the south bank of the Tetagouche River, near the western boundary of Bathurst.
    + *Sainte-Anne*, established 1990. On the western border of Bathurst, from the Tetagouche River to Sainte-Anne Road south of Power Drive.
    + *Tetagouche Falls Estates*, established 1990. Subdivision off Route 180, including Apple Street and Birch Drive.
    + *Rough Waters-Gloucester Junction-Chamberlain Settlement*, established 1990. On southern border of Bathurst, along Chamberlain Settlement Road and Gloucester Junction Road.
    + *Middle River-Rio Grande*, established 1995. On the southwestern border of Bathurst and extending along Thériault Road and Rio Grande Road.

## Communities

Communities at least partly within the parish; (brackets) indicate the LSD; *italics* indicate a name not used on modern provincial government maps

* Allardville (A) straddles the parish line along Route 134
* Bathurst
    + Bass River, Carron Point, Cross Roads, East Bathurst, Rough Waters, Roy Settlement, St. Mary, Sand Hill, South Bathurst, Vallée-Lourdes, West Bathurst, Youghall
* Bathurst Mines (B) is about 20 km south-southwest of Bathurst, on the Nepisiguit River
* Beresford straddles the parish line on the northwestern corner of Bathurst
* Big River (BR) is along Route 430 on the southern border of Bathurst
* Blue Mountain Settlement (BR) is along Route 430, north of the Pabineau 11 reserve
* Brunswick Mines (B) is about 15 km southwest of Bathurst, on the South Branch Little River
* Chamberlain Settlement (B) is south of Bathurst, east of the Nepisiguit River
* *Glen Anglin* (NBSB) is now part of Janeville
* Gloucester Junction (B) is along the Gloucester Junction Road, south of Chamberlain Settlement
* Goodwin Mill (B) is along Goodwin Mill Road, north of Allardville
* Janeville (NBSB) is on Chaleur Bay, straddling the eastern parish line
* Middle Landing (B) is inland where Route 360 crosses the Nepisiguit River
* *Miller Brook* is now part of Salmon Beach
* Nepisiguit Junction (BR) is at the junction of Route 430 and the CN railway
* North Tetagouche (NT)
* Pabineau 11
* Pabineau Falls (BR) is north of the Indian reserve
* Rio Grande (B) is west of Bathurst
* *Rosehill* is now part of South Tetagouche
* Sainte-Anne (B) is on the western border of Bathurst
* Salmon Beach (NBSB) in on Chaleur Bay, on eastern border of Bathurst
* South Tetagouche (B)
* *Upper Rosehill* was along Daigle Road, now part of South Tetagouche
* railway points along the eastern edge of the parish: Bartibog Station, Bruce Siding, *Red Pine*, Russell

## Bodies of water

Bodies of water at least partly within the parish.

* Bass River
* Big Tracadie River
* Little River
* Little Bass River
* Middle River
* Nepisiguit River
* Pabineau River
* Peters River
* Portage River
* Tetagouche River
* Bathurst Basin
* Bathurst Harbour
* Nepisiguit Bay
* at least 8 officially named lakes

## Islands

Islands at least partly within the parish.

* Indian Island (in Bathurst Harbour)
* Pabineau Island
* Sipisgoatagantjitjg (group of islets in Bathurst Harbour)
* at least 7 other named river islands

## Other notable places

Parks, historic sites, and other noteworthy places at least partly within the parish.

* Allardville Protected Natural Area
* Bass Brook Protected Natural Area
* Bathurst Mines
* Bathurst Regional Airport
* Brunswick Mines
* East Branch Portage River Protected Natural Area
* Gordon Meadow Brook Protected Natural Area
* Key Anacon Mine
* Tracadie River Wildlife Management Area

## Demographics

### Population

Parish population total does not include former municipalities or Indian reserve. Revised census figures based on the 2023 local governance reforms have not been released.

Canada census – Bathurst community profile

|  | 2021 | 2016 | 2011 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Population | 4,761 (-0.8% from 2016) | 4,797 (-3.7% from 2011) | 4,979 (-3.2% from 2006) |
| Land area | 1,502.74 km2 (580.21 sq mi) | 1,504.87 km2 (581.03 sq mi) | 1,504.80 km2 (581.01 sq mi) |
| Population density | 3.2/km2 (8.3/sq mi) | 3.2/km2 (8.3/sq mi) | 3.3/km2 (8.5/sq mi) |
| Median age | 52.4 (M: 52.8, F: 52.0) | 50.1 (M: 50.1, F: 50.1) | 47.1 (M: 47.7, F: 46.7) |
| Private dwellings | 2,293 (total)  2,103 (occupied) | 2,292 (total) | 2,223 (total) |
| Median household income | $72,500 | $64,597 | $54,540 |

References: 2021 2016 2011 earlier

Historical Census Data - Bathurst Parish, New Brunswick
| Year Pop. ±%  1991  5,929       1996  5,785 −2.4% | Year Pop. ±%  2001  5,494 −5.0%  2006  5,144 −6.4% | Year Pop. ±%  2011  4,979 −3.2%  2016  4,797 −3.7% |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | | |

### Language

| Canada Census Mother Tongue – Bathurst Parish, New Brunswick | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Census |  | Total |  | French | | |  | English | | |  | French & English | | |  | Other | | |
| Year |  | Responses |  | Count | Trend | Pop % |  | Count | Trend | Pop % |  | Count | Trend | Pop % |  | Count | Trend | Pop % |
| 2021 |  | 4,750 |  | 2,225 | 5.52% | 46.84% |  | 2,315 | 1.09% | 48.73% |  | 170 | 61.90% | 3.58% |  | 45 | 28.57% | 0.95% |
| 2016 |  | 4,780 |  | 2,355 | 1.23% | 49.27% |  | 2,290 | 1.04% | 47.91% |  | 105 | 0.0% | 2.20% |  | 35 | 16.67% | 0.73% |
| 2011 |  | 4,965 |  | 2,435 | 4.7% | 49.04% |  | 2,395 | 10.0% | 48.24% |  | 105 | 40.0% | 2.11% |  | 30 | 57.1% | 0.60% |
| 2006 |  | 5,130 |  | 2,325 | 14.2% | 45.32% |  | 2,660 | 1.1% | 51.85% |  | 75 | 34.8% | 1.46% |  | 70 | 133.3% | 1.36% |
| 2001 |  | 5,485 |  | 2,710 | 10.7% | 49.41% |  | 2,630 | 1.2% | 47.95% |  | 115 | 11.5% | 2.10% |  | 30 | 200.0% | 0.55% |
| 1996 |  | 5,775 |  | 3,035 | n/a | 52.55% |  | 2,600 | n/a | 45.02% |  | 130 | n/a | 2.25% |  | 10 | n/a | 0.17% |

1. "Census Profile". *Statistics Canada*. 26 October 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
2. "Chapter T-3 Territorial Division Act". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
3. "Chapter I-13 Interpretation Act". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
4. The Territorial Division Act divides the province into 152 parishes, the cities of Saint John and Fredericton, and one town of Grand Falls. The Interpretation Act clarifies that parishes include any local government within their borders.
5. "Chaleur Regional Service Commission: RSC 3". *Government of New Brunswick*. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
6. "Chaleur rural district: RD 3". *Government of New Brunswick*. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
7. "Regions Regulation – Regional Service Delivery Act". *Government of New Brunswick*. 21 July 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
8. "Local Service Districts Regulation - Municipalities Act". *Government of New Brunswick*. 25 June 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
9. The original white paper maps showed the existing and proposed governance boundaries; these maps are still visible as thumbnails on the provincial government map page.
10. Ganong, William F. (1896). *A Monograph of the Place-Nomenclature of the Province of New Brunswick*. Royal Society of Canada. p. 219. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
11. "7 Geo. IV c. 31 An Act for the division of the County of Northumberland into three Counties, and to provide for the Government and Representation of the two new Counties.". *Acts of the General Assembly of His Majesty's Province of New-Brunswick, Passed in the Year 1827*. Fredericton: Government of New Brunswick. 1827. pp. 97–103. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
12. "13 Vic. c. 51 An Act to consolidate all the Laws now in force for the division of the Province into Counties, Towns and Parishes.". *Acts of the General Assembly of Her Mjaesty's Province of New Brunswick, Passed in the Year 1850*. Fredericton: Government of New Brunswick. 1850. pp. 142–152, 145–149. Retrieved 27 March 2021. Book was poorly proofread, resulting in title typo and reuse of page numbers 145–152.
13. "10 Geo. VI. c. 90 An Act to amend the Act respecting the division of the Province into Counties, Towns and Parishes, in so far as it relates to the County of Gloucester". *Acts of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick Passed During the Session of 1946*. Fredericton: Government of New Brunswick. 1946. pp. 301–309.
14. "No. 16". *Provincial Archives of New Brunswick*. Department of Natural Resources and Energy Development. Retrieved 8 June 2021. Remainder of parish on maps 17, 26, 27, 28, 29, 40, 41, 50, and 51 at same site.
15. "069" (PDF). *Transportation and Infrastructure*. Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 8 June 2021. Remainder of parish on mapbooks 070–072, 088–093, 109–111, 131–133, 154, and 155 at same site.
16. "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data". *Statistics Canada*. 7 February 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
17. New Brunswick Regulation 89-195 under the Municipalities Act
18. "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and designated places, 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data". *Statistics Canada*. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
19. "Regulation 87-42 under the Municipalities Act (O.C. 87-278)". *The Royal Gazette*. **145**. Fredericton: The Queen's Printer: 547–564. 6 May 1987.
20. "Regulation 69–95 under the Municipalities Act (O. C. 69–986)". *The Royal Gazette*. **127**. Fredericton: 599. 8 October 1969.
21. "Regulation 2008-156 under the Municipalities Act (O. C. 2008-552)" (PDF). *The Royal Gazette*. **167**. Fredericton: 95. 14 January 2009. ISSN 1714-9428.
22. Mallory, James (9 September 2008). "LSD residents vote in favour of street lights". *The Northern Light*. Bathurst, New Brunswick. p. A5.
23. Regulation 85-103 under the Municipalities Act
24. New Brunswick Regulation 87-104 under the Municipalities Act
25. Regulation 90-66 under the Municipalities Act.
26. Regulation 90-133 under the Municipalities Act.
27. Regulation 90-176 under the Municipalities Act.
28. Regulation 95-79 under the Municipalities Act.
29. "Search the Canadian Geographical Names Database (CGNDB)". *Government of Canada*. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
30. "GeoNB Map Viewer". *Government of New Brunswick*. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
31. "Explore New Brunswick's Protected Natural Areas". *GeoNB*. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
32. "New Brunswick Regulation 94-43 under the Fish and Wildlife Act (O.C. 94-231)". *Government of New Brunswick*. 5 June 2006. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
33. "2021 Community Profiles". *2021 Canadian census*. Statistics Canada. 4 February 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
34. "2016 Community Profiles". *2016 Canadian census*. Statistics Canada. 12 August 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2019.
35. "2011 Community Profiles". *2011 Canadian census*. Statistics Canada. 21 March 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
36. "2006 Community Profiles". *2006 Canadian census*. Statistics Canada. 20 August 2019.
37. "2001 Community Profiles". *2001 Canadian census*. Statistics Canada. 18 July 2021.
38. Statistics Canada: 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011 census
39. "Census Profile, 2016 Census: Bathurst, Parish \[Census subdivision\], New Brunswick". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 9 September 2019.

47°46′00″N 65°51′36″W / 47.76667°N 65.86000°W / 47.76667; -65.86000 (Bathurst Parish, New Brunswick)

## InfoBox

| Bathurst | |
| --- | --- |
| Parish | |
| Location within Gloucester County, New Brunswick | |
| Coordinates: 47°28′N 65°52′W / 47.46°N 65.86°W / 47.46; -65.86 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | New Brunswick |
| County | Gloucester |
| Erected | 1827 |
| Area | |
| Land | 1,502.74 km2 (580.21 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 4,761 |
| Density | 3.2/km2 (8/sq mi) |
| Change 2016-2021 | 0.8% |
| Dwellings | 2,293 |
| Time zone | UTC-4 (AST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-3 (ADT) |
| Figures do not include portions within the city of Bathurst, the town of Beresford, and the Pabineau 11 Indian reserve | |


title: Auschwitz Supermarket

abstract: Auschwitz Supermarket was the name given to a development plan proposed to be built across the street from the Auschwitz Concentration Camp Museum. For over 60 years, the land directly across the street from the Museum has been an area of warehouses and other industry facilities. In 1995, a plan was proposed to change this area into an area which the museum could better utilize. The developer, Janusz Marszałek, submitted "a proposal for a parking and retail development." This plan, also known as the Maja Development, was fully supported by the museum. The plan came into conflict shortly after being submitted. The town where the museum is, Oświęcim, placed more weight behind the retail portion of the project than the parking portion. There was also a translation issue. In Polish, the word 'supermarket' refers to small "mom and pop" shops. When this term was attached to newspaper headlines in Western countries, it conjured the wrong image, bringing scrutiny to the project. One year later, opposition to the plan was growing. Amidst protests from both international Jewish groups and Israeli politicians, the Polish government decided to halt any further development on the plan. Later that year, Marszałek dropped all plans for the project, with the company leading the development stating it "was abandoning plans for a supermarket."

text:
# Auschwitz Supermarket

**Auschwitz Supermarket** was the name given to a development plan proposed to be built across the street from the Auschwitz Concentration Camp Museum. For over 60 years, the land directly across the street from the Museum has been an area of warehouses and other industry facilities. In 1995, a plan was proposed to change this area into an area which the museum could better utilize. The developer, Janusz Marszałek, submitted "a proposal for a parking and retail development." This plan, also known as the Maja Development, was fully supported by the museum.

The plan came into conflict shortly after being submitted. The town where the museum is (and the development was to take place in), Oświęcim, placed more weight behind the retail portion of the project than the parking portion. There was also a translation issue. In Polish, the word 'supermarket' refers to small "mom and pop" shops. When this term was attached to newspaper headlines in Western countries, it conjured the wrong image, bringing scrutiny to the project.

One year later, opposition to the plan was growing. Amidst protests from both international Jewish groups and Israeli politicians, the Polish government decided to halt any further development on the plan. Later that year, Marszałek dropped all plans for the project, with the company leading the development stating it "was abandoning plans for a supermarket."


title: Ben Gautrey

abstract:
Benedict "Ben" Gautrey is an English singer-songwriter, formerly the frontman of the band The Cooper Temple Clause. He currently fronts Type Two Error. Gautrey grew up in Reading, Berkshire, but was born in Tokyo, Japan, where his father was, at the time, an employee of the United Nations University. Following the split of The Cooper Temple Clause, Gautrey became chairman of local amateur cricket club Wokingham Chestnuts Cricket Club, and also became the player manager of Ashridge Park F.C. Gautrey featured on a track called Brain by Black Onassis, a project started by Christopher Karloff, formerly of Kasabian. He is currently a member of Type Two Error, with fellow former Cooper Temple Clause bandmate Kieran Mahon. Gautrey is now managing director at Great Place to Work UK. Gautrey sings lead vocals on the following Cooper Temple Clause songs:
  - "A.I.M."
  - "Amber"
  - "Been Training Dogs"
  - "Before The Moor"
  - "Blind Pilots"
  - "Damage"
  - "The Devil Walks in the Sand"
  - "Did You Miss Me?"
  - "Digital Observations"
  - "Film-Maker"
  - "Habit of a Lifetime"
  - "Head"
  - "Homo Sapiens"
  - "Let's Kill Music"
  - "Murder Song"
  - "Music Box"
  - "New Toys"
  - "On. Off. On."
  - "Our Eyes Are Bright"
  - "Panzer Attack"
  - "Promises, Promises"
  - "Resident Writer"
  - "Safe Enough Distance Away"
  - "Talking to a Brick Wall"
  - "The Lake"
  - "The Same Mistakes"
  - "Way Out West"
  - "Who Needs Enemies?"
  - "Written Apology"

text:
# Ben Gautrey

**Benedict "Ben" Gautrey** (born 21 November 1980) is an English singer-songwriter, formerly the frontman of the band The Cooper Temple Clause. He currently fronts Type Two Error.

Gautrey grew up in Reading, Berkshire, but was born in Tokyo, Japan, where his father was, at the time, an employee of the United Nations University.

Following the split of The Cooper Temple Clause, Gautrey became chairman of local amateur cricket club Wokingham Chestnuts Cricket Club, and also became the player manager of Ashridge Park F.C.

Gautrey featured on a track called Brain by Black Onassis, a project started by Christopher Karloff, formerly of Kasabian.

He is currently a member of Type Two Error, with fellow former Cooper Temple Clause bandmate Kieran Mahon.

Gautrey is now managing director at Great Place to Work UK.

Gautrey sings lead vocals on the following Cooper Temple Clause songs:

## InfoBox

| Ben Gautrey | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Benedict Gautrey |
| Also known as | Ben |
| Born | (1980-11-21) 21 November 1980<br>Tokyo, Japan |
| Genres | Alternative rock |
| Occupations | Musician |
| Instruments | Singer, guitar |
| Years active | 1998–present |


title: Austrostipa nodosa

abstract: Austrostipa nodosa is a widespread species of grass found in Australia and New Zealand. This bunchgrass may reach 1.0 metre (3.3 ft) tall. Flowering occurs after rain.

text:
# Austrostipa nodosa

***Austrostipa nodosa*** is a widespread species of grass found in Australia and New Zealand. This bunchgrass may reach 1.0 metre (3.3 ft) tall. Flowering occurs after rain.

Media related to **Austrostipa scabra** at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| *Austrostipa nodosa* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Pooideae |
| Genus: | *Austrostipa* |
| Species: | ***A. nodosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Austrostipa nodosa***<br>(S.T.Blake) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Stipa nodosa* S.T.Blake | |


abstract: Banque pour le Commerce et l'Industrie – Mer Rouge (BCIMR) is a bank in Djibouti. It has a market share of around 45%, and is the largest bank in the Horn of Africa. BCIMR is a subsidiary of the French bank BRED Banque populaire, which owns a 51% share in the company. The Government of Djibouti and a Yemeni bank own the remaining 33% and 16% shares, respectively. BCIMR has a branch in Hargeisa, situated in the self-declared Republic of Somaliland, internationally considered to be part of Somalia.

text:
# Banque pour le Commerce et l'Industrie – Mer Rouge

**Banque pour le Commerce et l'Industrie – Mer Rouge** (**BCIMR**) is a bank in Djibouti. It has a market share of around 45%, and is the largest bank in the Horn of Africa. BCIMR is a subsidiary of the French bank BRED Banque populaire, which owns a 51% share in the company. The Government of Djibouti and a Yemeni bank own the remaining 33% and 16% shares, respectively. BCIMR has a branch in Hargeisa, situated in the self-declared Republic of Somaliland, internationally considered to be part of Somalia.

## History

In 1943, BNCI, an ancestor of BNP Paribas, took over Crédit Foncier de Madagascar et de la Réunion, which it renamed BNCI Océan Indien in 1954. BNCI Océan Indien opened a branch in Djibouti the same year. In 1977, when Djibouti achieved independence from France, BNP converted the branch into a subsidiary.

In July 2007, BNP Paribas sold BCIMR to the French banking group Banques Populaires.

In February 2009, BCIMR opened a branch in Hargeisa, becoming the first bank there since the dissolution of the Commercial and Savings Bank of Somalia in 1990.

## Citations and references

**Citations**

**References**

* Alwan, Daoud Aboubakern, and Yohanis Mibrathu (2000) *Historical Dictionary of Djibouti*. (Scarecrow Press). ISBN 9780810838734


title: 2013 World Taekwondo Championships

abstract: The 2013 World Taekwondo Championships was the 21st edition of the World Taekwondo Championships, and was held in Puebla, Mexico from July 15 to July 21, 2013.

text:
# 2013 World Taekwondo Championships

The **2013 World Taekwondo Championships** was the 21st edition of the World Taekwondo Championships, and was held in Puebla, Mexico from July 15 to July 21, 2013.

## Medal summary

### Men

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Finweight
(−54 kg) | Kim Tae-hun
South Korea | Hsu Chia-lin
Chinese Taipei | Jerranat Nakaviroj
Thailand |
| | | | Hussein Sherif
Egypt |
| Flyweight
(−58 kg) | Cha Tae-moon
South Korea | Hadi Mostaan
Iran | Damián Villa
Mexico |
| | | | Guilherme Dias
Brazil |
| Bantamweight
(−63 kg) | Lee Dae-hoon
South Korea | Abel Mendoza
Mexico | Wei Chen-yang
Chinese Taipei |
| | | | Stevens Barclais
France |
| Featherweight
(−68 kg) | Behnam Asbaghi
Iran | Kim Hun
South Korea | Balla Dièye
Senegal |
| | | | José Antonio Rosillo
Spain |
| Lightweight
(−74 kg) | Uriel Adriano
Mexico | Albert Gaun
Russia | Kim Yoo-jin
South Korea |
| | | | Saifeddine Trabelsi
Tunisia |
| Welterweight
(−80 kg) | Tahir Güleç
Germany | René Lizárraga
Mexico | Anton Kotkov
Russia |
| | | | Nicolás García
Spain |
| Middleweight
(−87 kg) | Rafael Alba
Cuba | Ma Zhaoyong
China | Yassine Trabelsi
Tunisia |
| | | | Radik Isayev
Azerbaijan |
| Heavyweight
(+87 kg) | Anthony Obame
Gabon | Sajjad Mardani
Iran | Ivan Trajkovič
Slovenia |
| | | | Robelis Despaigne
Cuba |

### Women

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Finweight
(−46 kg) | Kim So-hui
South Korea | Anastasia Valueva
Russia | Ren Dandan
China |
| | | | Fadia Farhani
Tunisia |
| Flyweight
(−49 kg) | Chanatip Sonkham
Thailand | Dana Haidar
Jordan | Lucija Zaninović
Croatia |
| | | | Yania Aguirre
Cuba |
| Bantamweight
(−53 kg) | Kim Yu-jin
South Korea | Ana Zaninović
Croatia | Yamisel Núñez
Cuba |
| | | | Floriane Liborio
France |
| Featherweight
(−57 kg) | Kim So-hee
South Korea | Mayu Hamada
Japan | Anna-Lena Frömming
Germany |
| | | | Eva Calvo
Spain |
| Lightweight
(−62 kg) | Carmen Marton
Australia | Kim Hwi-lang
South Korea | Rabia Gülec
Germany |
| | | | Nina Kläy
Switzerland |
| Welterweight
(−67 kg) | Haby Niaré
France | Chuang Chia-chia
Chinese Taipei | Farida Azizova
Azerbaijan |
| | | | Franka Anić
Slovenia |
| Middleweight
(−73 kg) | Glenhis Hernández
Cuba | Lee In-jong
South Korea | Jasmine Vokey
Canada |
| | | | Casandra Ikonen
Sweden |
| Heavyweight
(+73 kg) | Olga Ivanova
Russia | Briseida Acosta
Mexico | Anne-Caroline Graffe
France |
| | | | Ana Bajić
Serbia |

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | South Korea | 6 | 3 | 1 | 10 |
| 2 | Cuba | 2 | 0 | 3 | 5 |
| 3 | Mexico | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
| 4 | Russia | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| 5 | Iran | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 6 | France | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 |
| 7 | Germany | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 8 | Thailand | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 9 | Australia | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| | Gabon | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 11 | Chinese Taipei | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 12 | China | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| | Croatia | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 14 | Japan | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Jordan | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 16 | Spain | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| | Tunisia | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 18 | Azerbaijan | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| | Slovenia | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 20 | Brazil | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Canada | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Egypt | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Senegal | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Serbia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Sweden | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Switzerland | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (26 entries) | | 16 | 16 | 32 | 64 |

## Team ranking

## Participating nations

A total of 812 athletes from 130 nations competed.

*
* a Athletes from India competed as *World Taekwondo Federation (WTF)* due to the suspension of the country's Olympic Committee

## InfoBox

| 2013 World Taekwondo Championships | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Venue | Exhibition Center of Puebla |
| Location | Puebla, Mexico |
| Dates | 15–21 July 2013 |
| Champions | |
| Men | South Korea |
| Women | South Korea |
|


abstract: The women's 150m individual medley events at the 2019 World Para Swimming Championships were held in the London Aquatics Centre at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in London between 9–15 September.

text:
# 2019 World Para Swimming Championships – Women's 150 metre individual medley

The **women's 150m individual medley** events at the **2019 World Para Swimming Championships** were held in the London Aquatics Centre at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in London between 9–15 September.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| SM4 | Leanne Smith
United States | Maryna Verbova
Ukraine | Arjola Trimi
Italy |

## Results


title: 1999 Rajya Sabha elections

abstract: Rajya Sabha elections were held on various dates in 1999, to elect members of the Rajya Sabha, Indian Parliament's upper chamber. 1 member from Goa, 3 members from Gujarat and 6 members from West Bengal were elected.

text:
# 1999 Rajya Sabha elections

**Rajya Sabha elections** were held on various dates in 1999, to elect members of the Rajya Sabha, Indian Parliament's upper chamber. 1 member from Goa, 3 members from Gujarat and 6 members from West Bengal were elected.

## Elections

Elections were held to elect members from various states.

### Members elected

The following members are elected in the elections held in 1999. They are members for the term 1999–2005 and retire in year 2005, except in case of the resignation or death before the term. *The list is incomplete.*

State - Member - Party

Rajya Sabha members for term 1999–2005
| State | Member Name | Party | Remark |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| Goa | Faleiro Eduardo Martinho | INC | R |
|
| Gujarat | Ahmed Patel | INC |
| Gujarat | Lalitbhai Mehta | BJP |
| Gujarat | Savitaben V Sharda | BJP |
|
| West Bengal | Abani Roy | RSP |
| West Bengal | Chandrakala Pandey | CPM |
| West Bengal | Chittabrata\_Majumdar | CPM |
| West Bengal | Jibon Bihari Roy | CPM |
| West Bengal | Sarla Maheshwari | CPM |
| West Bengal | Shankar Roy Chowdhury | IND. |
|
|

## Bye-elections

The following bye elections were held in the year 1999.

State - Member - Party

* Bye-elections were held on 30.08.1999 for vacancy from Assam due to death of seating member Parag Chaliha on 22 June 1999 with term ending on 14 June 2001 Joyasree Goswami Mahanta of AGP became the member on 24/08/1999.

## InfoBox

1999 Rajya Sabha elections
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  (of 228 seats) to the Rajya Sabha | |
| First party Second party   Leader Jaswant Singh Manmohan Singh  Party BJP INC | |


title: 1990 OFC U-20 Championship

abstract: The OFC U-20 Championship 1990 was held in Fiji. It also served as qualification for the intercontinental play-off for the 1991 FIFA World Youth Championship.

text:
# 1990 OFC U-20 Championship

The **OFC U-20 Championship 1990** was held in Fiji. It also served as qualification for the intercontinental play-off for the 1991 FIFA World Youth Championship.

## Teams

The following teams entered the tournament:

## Standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Australia | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 0 | +22 | 8 | Advance to Inter-continental play-off |
| 2 | New Zealand | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 9 | 4 | 4 |  |
| 3 | Vanuatu | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 10 | 6 | | 4 |
| 4 | Tahiti | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 10 | 7 | | 3 |
| 5 | Fiji (H) | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 5 | | 1 |

Source: RSSSF
(H) Hosts

## Matches

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Australia | 6–0 | New Zealand |
|  | Australia | 6–0 | Vanuatu |
|  | Australia | 7–0 | Tahiti |
|  | Australia | 3–0 | Fiji |
|  | New Zealand | 3–1 | Vanuatu |
|  | New Zealand | 0–1 | Tahiti |
|  | New Zealand | 2–1 | Fiji |
|  | Vanuatu | 2–1 | Tahiti |
|  | Vanuatu | 1–0 | Fiji |
|  | Tahiti | 1–1 | Fiji |

| 1990 OFC U-20 Championship |
| --- |
| **
Australia
Sixth title** |

## Inter-continental play-off

Australia qualified for the 1991 FIFA World Youth Championship by beating Israel in an intercontinental play-off. Matches were played on 6 and 9 March 1991 in Sydney, Australia. Despite both matches being played in the same Australian city, Australia still won on away goals.

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Australia** | 2–2 | Israel | 0–1 | 2–1 |

## InfoBox

1990 OFC U-20 Championship
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Host country | Fiji |
| Teams | 5 |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Australia (6th title) |
| Runners-up | New Zealand |
| Third place | Vanuatu |
| Fourth place | Tahiti |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 10 |
| Goals scored | 36 (3.6 per match) |
|


title: Augusto Pollastri

abstract:
Augusto Pollastri was an Italian violin maker, older brother to Gaetano Pollastri.
Started his career as an apprentice in Raffaele Fiorini's studio. Augusto's father was a miller and an amateur musician. Augusto was exposed to music early on, he also enjoyed visiting the shop of a famous violin maker Raffaele Fiorini, where he started to perform small services in the shop, which led to an apprenticeship with maestro Fiorini. By the age of 20, Augusto had devoted himself entirely to the activity which had inspired him, showing remarkable artistic gifts. Towards the end of Raffaele Fiorini's life, Augusto took over the workshop.
He quickly became famous as maker and restorer. By 1927, Augusto obtained official recognition in his art:
the Cross of Merit and Gold Medals at the Geneva Exhibition and the United Exhibitions of the "Littriale' in Bologna". For thirty years Augusto Pollastri managed one of the most important luthier's Atelier in Bologna. After the passing of Raffaele Fiorini, his brother Gaetano Pollastri joined him. Augusto's production was of an astounding quality and class, but unfortunately not very high in numbers. Today, Pollastri's instruments are considered legendary and most copied in the world aside from the Classics. "In fact the number of fake instruments and imitations one could come across is much greater than the number of originals. " His students include his brother Gaetano Pollastri and Marco Dobresovitch. He collaborated with Carlo Carletti.

text:
# Augusto Pollastri

**Augusto Pollastri** (11 March 1877, in Bologna – 9 November 1927, in Bologna) was an Italian violin maker, older brother to Gaetano Pollastri. Started his career as an apprentice in Raffaele Fiorini's studio. Augusto's father was a miller and an amateur musician. Augusto was exposed to music early on, he also enjoyed visiting the shop of a famous violin maker Raffaele Fiorini, where he started to perform small services in the shop, which led to an apprenticeship with maestro Fiorini.

By the age of 20, Augusto had devoted himself entirely to the activity which had inspired him (violin making), showing remarkable artistic gifts. Towards the end of Raffaele Fiorini's life, Augusto took over the workshop. He quickly became famous as maker and restorer.

By 1927 (the year of his death), Augusto obtained official recognition in his art: the Cross of Merit and Gold Medals at the Geneva Exhibition and the United Exhibitions of the "Littriale' in Bologna".

For thirty years Augusto Pollastri managed one of the most important luthier's Atelier in Bologna.  After the passing of Raffaele Fiorini, his brother Gaetano Pollastri joined him.

Augusto's production was of an astounding quality and class, but unfortunately not very high in numbers.

Today, Pollastri's instruments are considered legendary  and most copied in the world  aside from the Classics (Stradivari, Guarnerius etc.). "In fact the number of fake instruments and imitations one could come across is much greater than the number of originals. "

His students include his brother Gaetano Pollastri and Marco Dobresovitch. He collaborated with Carlo Carletti.

## Bibliography

* Augusto e Gaetano Pollastri / Bologna 1877-1960 by Cesare Magrini about the Pollastri family. Cremona 1990.
* *Il Suono di Bologna, Da Raffaele Fiorini ai grandi maestri del Novecento". Catalogo della Mostra nella chiesa di San Giorgio in Poggiale*, Bologna 2002, ISBN 88-85250-06-8
* Eric Blot, *Un secolo di Liuteria Italiana 1860-1960 - A century of Italian Violin Making - Emilia e Romagna I*, Cremona 1994 and 2003, ISBN 88-7929-026-6, ISBN 88-88360-05-0
* Marlin Brinser, *Dictionary of 20th Century Italian Violin Makers*, 1978
* The Strad, January 1984, *Bologna - A living tradition of Violin Making*
* Vannes, Rene (1985) \[1951\]. *Dictionnaire Universel del Luthiers (vol.3)*. Bruxelles: Les Amis de la musique. OCLC 53749830.
* Henley, William (1969). *Universal Dictionary of Violin & Bow Makers*. Brighton; England: Amati. ISBN 0-901424-00-5.
* Pollastri, Mariarosa (2002). *Gaetano Pollastri: una biografia. Gaetano Pollastri: a biography*. San Giovanni in Persiceto ; Italy: Aspasia.

## Living Museum

Discover the history of the Bolognese School Bolognese Violin Makers\[usurped\]

'Up to the first half of the nineteenth century, Violin Making in Italy was in a standstill cycle; yet, during the second half of the century, Raffaele Fiorini it:Fiorini Raffaele gave new impulse to it. Thanks to him, born in Musiano di Pianoro, the luthier's ancient Art was brought back to a new life.' - History\[usurped\]


title: 1958 Winnipeg Blue Bombers season

abstract: The 1958 Winnipeg Blue Bombers finished in first place in the WIFU division with a 13–3 record. In a rematch of the previous season's Grey Cup Final, the Blue Bombers defeated the Hamilton Tiger-Cats to win the 46th Grey Cup, and their first since 1941.

text:
# 1958 Winnipeg Blue Bombers season

The **1958 Winnipeg Blue Bombers** finished in first place in the WIFU division with a 13–3 record. In a rematch of the previous season's Grey Cup Final, the Blue Bombers defeated the Hamilton Tiger-Cats to win the 46th Grey Cup, and their first since 1941.

## Preseason

| Game | Date | Opponent | Results | | Venue | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Score | Record | | |
| A | Tue, July 29 | at Montreal Alouettes | L 7–40 | 0–1 | McGill Stadium | 21,347 |
| A | July 31 | at Toronto Argonauts | L 15–22 | 0–2 | Varsity Stadium | 12,584 |

## Regular season

### Standings

**Western Interprovincial Football Union**
| Team | GP | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Winnipeg Blue Bombers** | 16 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 361 | 182 | 26 |
| **Edmonton Eskimos** | 16 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 312 | 292 | 19 |
| **Saskatchewan Roughriders** | 16 | 7 | 7 | 2 | 320 | 324 | 16 |
| Calgary Stampeders | 16 | 6 | 9 | 1 | 314 | 312 | 13 |
| BC Lions | 16 | 3 | 13 | 0 | 202 | 399 | 6 |

### Schedule

| Week | Game | Date | Opponent | Results | | Venue | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Score | Record | | |
| 1 | 1 | Thu, Aug 14 | vs. Edmonton Eskimos | W 29–21 | 1–0 | Winnipeg Stadium | 18,166 |
| 2 | 2 | Thu, Aug 21 | at Saskatchewan Roughriders | L 13–21 | 1–1 | Taylor Field | 13,233 |
| 2 | 3 | Mon, Aug 25 | at Edmonton Eskimos | W 15–8 | 2–1 | Clarke Stadium | 17,000 |
| 3 | 4 | Thu, Aug 28 | vs. BC Lions | W 31–1 | 3–1 | Winnipeg Stadium | 16,611 |
| 3 | 5 | Mon, Sept 1 | at Calgary Stampeders | L 3–11 | 3–2 | Mewata Stadium | 17,750 |
| 4 | 6 | Sat, Sept 6 | vs. Saskatchewan Roughriders | W 27–6 | 4–2 | Winnipeg Stadium | 18,336 |
| 5 | 7 | Sat, Sept 13 | at Calgary Stampeders | W 20–7 | 5–2 | Mewata Stadium | 15,700 |
| 5 | 8 | Mon, Sept 15 | at BC Lions | W 18–9 | 6–2 | Empire Stadium | 20,000 |
| 6 | 9 | Sat, Sept 20 | vs. Calgary Stampeders | W 36–9 | 7–2 | Winnipeg Stadium | 20,059 |
| 7 | 10 | Mon, Sept 29 | vs. Edmonton Eskimos | W 43–13 | 8–2 | Winnipeg Stadium | 18,559 |
| 8 | 11 | Sat, Oct 4 | at Edmonton Eskimos | W 21–15 | 9–2 | Clarke Stadium | 20,000 |
| 8 | 12 | Mon, Oct 6 | at Saskatchewan Roughriders | W 14–13 | 10–2 | Taylor Field | 11,581 |
| 9 | 13 | Sat, Oct 11 | vs. BC Lions | L 8–10 | 10–3 | Winnipeg Stadium | 14,484 |
| 10 | 14 | Mon, Oct 20 | vs. Saskatchewan Roughriders | W 21–15 | 11–3 | Winnipeg Stadium | 16,319 |
| 11 | 15 | Mon, Oct 27 | vs. Calgary Stampeders | W 37–10 | 12–3 | Winnipeg Stadium | 15,564 |
| 13 | 16 | Sat, Nov 1 | at BC Lions | W 24–14 | 13–3 | Winnipeg Stadium | 18,918 |

## Playoffs

| Round | Date | Opponent | Results | | Venue | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Score | Record | | |
| West Final #1 | Sat, Nov 15 | at Edmonton Eskimos | W 30–7 | 1–0 | Clarke Stadium | 17,000 |
| West Final #2 | Wed, Nov 19 | vs. Edmonton Eskimos | L 7–30 | 1–1 | Winnipeg Stadium | 16,880 |
| West Final #3 | Sat, Nov 22 | vs. Edmonton Eskimos | W 23–7 | 2–1 | Winnipeg Stadium | 15,671 |
| 46th Grey Cup | Nov 29 | Hamilton Tiger-Cats | W 35–28 | 3–1 | Empire Stadium | 36,567 |

### Grey Cup

| Team | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Winnipeg Blue Bombers | 0 | 20 | 7 | 8 | 35 |
| Hamilton Tiger-Cats | 14 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 28 |

## InfoBox

| 1958 Winnipeg Blue Bombers season | |
| --- | --- |
| General manager | Jim Ausley |
| President | Ralph Parliament |
| Head coach | Bud Grant |
| Home field | Winnipeg Stadium |
| Results | |
| Record | **13–3** |
| Division place | **1st, WIFU** |
| Playoff finish | **Won Grey Cup** |
|


title: Ben Geddes

abstract: Benedict Brodie Albert Geddes is an English cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut on 21 June 2021, for Surrey in the 2021 T20 Blast. He had previously been awarded a two-year deal with the team. On 6 July 2021, he made his first-class debut, for Surrey in the 2021 County Championship, as a replacement player for Will Jacks. He made his List A debut on 22 July 2021, for Surrey in the 2021 Royal London One-Day Cup. In October 2024 it was announced Geddes had left Surrey. Later that month, Geddes signed a three year contract with Middlesex County Cricket Club.

text:
# Ben Geddes

**Benedict Brodie Albert Geddes** (born 31 July 2001) is an English cricketer. He made his Twenty20 debut on 21 June 2021, for Surrey in the 2021 T20 Blast. He had previously been awarded a two-year deal with the team. On 6 July 2021, he made his first-class debut, for Surrey in the 2021 County Championship, as a replacement player for Will Jacks. He made his List A debut on 22 July 2021, for Surrey in the 2021 Royal London One-Day Cup.

In October 2024 it was announced Geddes had left Surrey. Later that month, Geddes signed a three year contract with Middlesex County Cricket Club.

## Early life

Formerly a pupil at St John's School, Leatherhead, he joined Surrey’s youth cricket teams at the under-9 age group. He played grade cricket in New South Wales across the 2019-20 Australian summer and was made first-team captain at Ashtead Cricket Club in the Surrey Championship.

## InfoBox

Ben Geddes
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Benedict Brodie Albert Geddes |
| Born | (2001-07-31) 31 July 2001<br>Epsom, Surrey, England |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Role | Batsman |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 2021–2024 | Surrey *(squad no. 14)* |
| 2023 | Kent (on loan) |
|  | |
| FC debut | 4 July 2021 Surrey v Hampshire |
| LA debut | 22 July 2021 Surrey v Yorkshire |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition FC LA T20  Matches 8 27 7  Runs scored 389 777 51  Batting average 32.41 29.88 8.50  100s/50s 2/1 0/7 0/0  Top score 124 92 28  Balls bowled 12 70   Wickets 0 1   Bowling average  58.00   5 wickets in innings  0   10 wickets in match  0   Best bowling  1/30   Catches/stumpings 4/– 10/– 1/– | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 29 September 2024 | |


title: Austrostipa multispiculis

abstract: Austrostipa multispiculis, commonly known as small-seed spear grass, is a species of perennial grass in the family Poaceae. It is endemic to South Australia, with records from the Northern Lofty, Southern Lofty, Kangaroo Island and Murray regions. It flowers mainly from October to November. It most often occurs in Eucalyptus woodland, but also along creeklines and in grassland. It is listed as rare under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972. It is a C3 grass, and mammals are the primary seed disperser. It grows up to a height of 1 metre. The species was first described by John McConnell Black as Stipa multispiculis in 1941, and assigned to the genus Austrostipa in 1996.

text:
# Austrostipa multispiculis

***Austrostipa multispiculis***, commonly known as **small-seed spear grass**, is a species of perennial grass in the family Poaceae. It is endemic to South Australia, with records from the Northern Lofty, Southern Lofty, Kangaroo Island and Murray regions. It flowers mainly from October to November. It most often occurs in *Eucalyptus* woodland, but also along creeklines and in grassland. It is listed as rare under the *National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972*. It is a C3 (winter growing) grass, and mammals are the primary seed disperser. It grows up to a height of 1 metre.

The species was first described by John McConnell Black as *Stipa multispiculis* in 1941, and assigned to the genus *Austrostipa* in 1996.

## InfoBox

| *Austrostipa multispiculis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Pooideae |
| Genus: | *Austrostipa* |
| Species: | ***A. multispiculis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Austrostipa multispiculis***<br>(J.M.Black) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Stipa multispiculis* J.M.Black | |


title: Banquet

abstract: A banquet is a formal large meal where a number of people consume food together. Banquets are traditionally held to enhance the prestige of a host, or reinforce social bonds among joint contributors. Modern examples of these purposes include a charitable gathering, a ceremony, or a celebration. They often involve speeches in honor of the topic or guest of honour. The older English term for a lavish meal was feast, and "banquet" originally meant a specific and different kind of meal, often following a feast, but in a different room or even building, which concentrated on sweet foods of various kinds. These became highly fashionable as sugar became much more common in Europe at the start of the 16th century. It was a grand form of the dessert course, and special banqueting houses, often on the roof or in the grounds of large houses, were built for them. Such meals are also called a "sugar collation".

text:
# Banquet

A **banquet** (/ˈbæŋkwɪt/; French: \[bɑ̃kɛ\]) is a formal large meal where a number of people consume food together. Banquets are traditionally held to enhance the prestige of a host, or reinforce social bonds among joint contributors. Modern examples of these purposes include a charitable gathering, a ceremony, or a celebration. They often involve speeches in honor of the topic or guest of honour.

The older English term for a lavish meal was **feast**, and "banquet" originally meant a specific and different kind of meal, often following a feast, but in a different room or even building, which concentrated on sweet foods of various kinds. These became highly fashionable as sugar became much more common in Europe at the start of the 16th century. It was a grand form of the dessert course, and special banqueting houses, often on the roof or in the grounds of large houses, were built for them. Such meals are also called a "sugar collation".

## Social meanings

Banquets feature luxury foods, often including animal meat. Feasts can be divided into two fundamental types: solidarity (or alliance, or empowering) and promotional (or aggrandisive, competitive, or diacritical). Solidarity feasts are a joint effort in which families or communities bring equivalent contributions together to reinforce the social ties of all concerned. Promotional feasts are intended to enhance the social status of the host, who provides the food in order to create obligations to themselves among the guests.

## Historical examples

Communal feasting is evidenced from the early Neolithic in Britain. In Ancient Greece, symposia formed a routine part of life, involving the celebratory drinking of wine, conversation and performances of poetry and music.

Notable historical and legendary examples of banquets include Belshazzar's Feast, the Last Supper, the Manchu Han Imperial Feast, and mead halls.

A luau is one variety of traditional banquet originally used in Hawaii.

Many cultures have developed structures for banquets. In the European Middle Ages, comprehensive ritualised elements were involved in a traditional three-course menu, having up to 25 dishes in each course (this structure persisted into the 19th century). The structure was later altered to two courses, with the pre-existing third course changed to the serving of fruit and nuts.

Banqueting rooms varied greatly with location, but tended to be on an intimate scale, either in a garden room, banquet hall or inside such as the small banqueting turrets in Longleat House.

Art historians have often noted that banqueters on iconographic records of ancient Mediterranean societies almost always appear to be lying down on their left sides. One possible explanation could lie in the anatomy of the stomach and in the digestive mechanism. When lying on the left, the food has room to expand because the curvature of the stomach is enhanced in that position.

## Contemporary examples

Contemporary banquets serve many new purposes in addition to their traditional purposes. These can include anything from during workplace training sessions and formal business dinners to birthday parties and social gatherings. It is common for a banquet to be organized at the end of academic conferences.

## Government intervention

The State Council of the People's Republic of China levied a tax on banquets on September 2, 1988, at a tax rate calculated per occasion between 15% and 20% of the banquet's value.

## Banquets held over time

## Further reading


title: FinanzArchiv

abstract:
FinanzArchiv is an international academic journal of economics published quarterly by Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, Germany.
The journal publishes high quality papers in all fields of public finance, such as taxation, public debt, public goods, public choice, federalism, market failure, social policy and the welfare state.

text:
# FinanzArchiv

**FinanzArchiv** (Public Finance Analysis) is an international academic journal of economics published quarterly by Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, Germany. The journal publishes high quality papers in all fields of public finance, such as taxation, public debt, public goods, public choice, federalism, market failure, social policy and the welfare state.

## Overview

FinanzArchiv was first published in 1884, which makes it one of the world's oldest professional journals in economics. In 2006 the traditional title was complemented by the English sub-title Public Finance Analysis.

Its founder and first editor from 1884 to 1931 was Georg von Schanz, the inventor of the Schanz-Haig-Simons concept of comprehensive income. The list of subsequent editors includes Hans Teschemacher, Fritz Neumark, Norbert Andel, Helga Pollak, Wolfgang Wiegard, Wolfram F. Richter, Hans-Werner Sinn, James R. Hines, Peter Birch Sørensen, Bernd Genser, Harry Huizinga, Jenny Ligthart, and Christian Keuschnigg.

The current editors of FinanzArchiv are Katherine Cuff, McMaster University, Ronnie Schöb, Freie Universität Berlin, and Alfons J. Weichenrieder (managing editor), Goethe University Frankfurt.

The journal is well-established in public economics and keeps close relations to the International Institute of Public Finance (IIPF). 26 to 30 original scientific papers from various fields in public economics are published each year to serve the international readers. Manuscripts must be in English and are accepted for publication subject to a peer-review process. Online submission is required.

FinanzArchiv is listed in the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI five year impact factor: 0.312), in Current Contents/Social and Behavioral Sciences, in the Journal of Economic Literature (CD and online), in IDEAS and RePEc (IDEAS impact factor 2013: 3.234), and in the International Bibliography of the Social Sciences.

For the contents of volumes published after 1999 visit the websites of FinanzArchiv  or IDEAS/RePEc .

The contents of all previous volumes of FinanzArchiv starting with volume 1 (1884) to volume 48 (1932) and restarting with volume 1 (1932) to volume 59 (2002/03) are available from DigiZeitschriften .

## InfoBox

*FinanzArchiv*
| Discipline | Economics |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1884 – present; volumes from 1884 through 1931 are numbered 1-48; the numbering was restarted for volumes edited by the successors of Georg von Schanz. |
| Publisher | Mohr Siebeck Verlag, Tübingen (Germany) |
| Frequency | quarterly |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *FinanzArchiv* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 0015-2218
 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: 1999 RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards

abstract: The 1999 RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards was held in 2000 for the 1999 music season.

text:
# 1999 RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards

The **1999 RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards** (Chinese: 第二十二屆十大中文金曲頒獎音樂會) was held in 2000 for the 1999 music season.

## Top 10 song awards

The top 10 songs (十大中文金曲) was expanded to top 13.

| Song name in Chinese | Artist | Composer | Lyricist |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 每一個明天 | Eason Chan | Lau cung-gat (柳重吉) | Richard Lam |
| 對你太在乎 | Kelly Chen | Eddie Ng Kwok King | Albert Leung |
| 真心真意 | Andy Hui | Eddie Ng Kwok King | Canny Leung |
| 木魚與金魚 | Andy Lau | Tsui ga-leong (徐嘉良) | Preston Lee (李安修)

Chan fu-wing (陳富榮) |
| 抬起我的頭來 | Miriam Yeung | Chan Fai-young | Albert Leung |
| 非走不可 | Nicholas Tse | Ronald Ng (伍樂城) | Albert Leung |
| 償還 | Faye Wong | Lau cung-gat (柳重吉) | Albert Leung |
| 遊園驚夢 | Aaron Kwok | Davy Tam (譚國政) | Siu mei (小美) |
| 插曲 | Sammi Cheng | C.Y.Kong | Yan kwai (因葵) |
| 教我如何不愛他 | Andy Hui

Deanie Ip | Mark Lui | Albert Leung |
| 眼睛想旅行 | Leon Lai | Mark Lui | Albert Leung |
| 左右手 | Leslie Cheung | Jimmy Ye | Albert Leung |
| 有個人 | Jacky Cheung | Eric Kwok | Keith Chan (陳少琪) |
|

## Other awards

The top 10 outstanding artist was also extended to 11 artists.

| Award | Song or album (if available) | Recipient |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Top 10 outstanding artists award
(十大優秀流行歌手大獎) |  | Faye Wong, Andy Hui, Eason Chan, Aaron Kwok, Kelly Chen, Jacky Cheung, William So, Sammi Cheng, Andy Lau, Nicholas Tse, Leon Lai |
| Best commercial song award
(最佳中文廣告歌曲獎) | - | (gold) Danny Chan, Cheng Kwok Kong (鄭國江)

(silver) J. Jackson, Siu mei (小美)

(bronze) Duck Lau (劉祖德), Andy Lau |
| Best karaoke song award
(最愛歡迎卡拉ok歌曲獎) | 插曲 | Sammi Cheng |
| Best new male prospect award
(最有前途新人獎) |  | (gold) Leehom Wang

(silver) David Tao

(bronze) Peter Ho |
| Best new female prospect award
(最有前途新人獎) |  | (gold) Cecilia Cheung

(silver) Joey Yung

(bronze) Ruby Lin |
| Best C-pop song award
(最佳中文流行歌曲獎) | 郵差 | Adrian Chan |
| Best C-pop lyrics award
(最佳中文流行歌詞獎) | 陰天 | Ruby Lin |
| Best original creation song award
(最佳原創歌曲獎) | 天氣會變 | Leo Ku |
| Best revision song award
(最佳改編歌曲獎) | 未知 | Joey Yung |
| Outstanding Mandarin song award
(優秀國語歌曲獎) | 木魚與金魚

許願

有一個姑娘 | (gold) Andy Lau

(silver) Leo Ku, Gigi Leung

(bronze) Vicky Zhao |
| Sales award
(全年最高銷量歌手大獎) |  | (gold) Andy Lau

(silver) Sammi Cheng

(bronze) Andy Hui |
| Sales award
(全年銷量冠軍大獎) | 有個人 | Jacky Cheung |
| Leap award for male singer
(飛躍大獎) |  | (gold) Nicholas Tse

(silver) Andy Hui

(bronze) Eason Chan |
| Leap award for female singer
(飛躍大獎) |  | (gold) Kelly Chen

(silver) Cecilia Cheung

(bronze) Miriam Yeung |
| International Chinese award
(全球華人至尊金曲) | 渴望無限Ask For More | Aaron Kwok |
| International most popular Chinese award
(全球華人最受歡迎歌手獎) |  | Andy Lau

Faye Wong |
| Four channel award (四台聯頒獎項) |  | Andy Lau, Eric Kwok, Albert Leung |
| RTHK Golden needle award (金針獎) |  | Leslie Cheung |