title: Ayanna Witter-Johnson

abstract: Ayanna Mose Witter-Johnson is an English composer, singer, songwriter and cellist. Her notable performances include opening for the MOBO Awards "Pre-Show" in 2016, and playing the Royal Albert Hall, London, on 6 March 2018.

text:
# Ayanna Witter-Johnson

**Ayanna Mose Witter-Johnson** (born Apr–Jun 1985, London Borough of Islington) is an English composer, singer, songwriter and cellist. Her notable performances include opening for the MOBO Awards "Pre-Show" in 2016, and playing the Royal Albert Hall, London, on 6 March 2018.

## Background and career

Ayanna Witter-Johnson was born in London, England, of Jamaican heritage; her mother is a teacher and her father is a television, film and theatre actor Wil Johnson. She began playing the piano when she was four years old and the cello at 13.

Witter-Johnson completed a first-class degree in Classical Composition at the Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance in the UK and won the Trinity Laban Silver Award in 2008, subsequently earning a master's of Music (MMus) degree in Composition at the Manhattan School of Music in the USA. While in America in 2010, she became the first non-American to win first place at the Apollo Theater's famous Amateur Night, whose previous winners included Ella Fitzgerald and Jimi Hendrix. Witter-Johnson (who shared first place) was the only non-American to have won the competition. She was a MOBO award shortlist nominee ("Best Jazz Act") in 2012.

Performing both classical and contemporary music – she sings while playing the cello and has described her song-writing style as "a bit of soul, hip-hop and reggae" – Witter-Johnson has toured with artists including Anoushka Shankar, Courtney Pine, Andrea Bocelli and Peter Gabriel. She recorded with Akala and composed for the London Symphony Orchestra.

She has said: "Some of my inspirations both musical and non-musical are Maya Angelou, Nina Simone, Eckhart Tolle, Bach, Stevie Wonder, Steely Dan, Sojourner Truth, Berio, Stravinsky, Oprah Winfrey, Michael Jackson, Ligeti, Jill Scott, Marcus Garvey and Sting....They have encouraged me to celebrate my authenticity, to explore my unique mode of expression and to write from a place of personal truth."

## Awards

* 2008: Trinity Silver Award
* 2008: Vivian Prindl Outreach Prize
* 2010: Winner of Amateur Night Live at the Apollo Theater in Harlem
* 2011: Edward & Sally Van Lier Fund
* 2012: Shortlist nominee for "Best Jazz Act" at the MOBO Awards

## Selected discography

* 2011: *Truthfully* (EP)
* 2014: *Black Panther* (EP)
* 2018: *Truthfully Still* (EP)
* 2019: *Road Runner* (Album)
* 2020: Crossroads (Single)
* 2023: Ocean Floor (Album)

## InfoBox

| Ayanna Witter-Johnson | |
| --- | --- |
| Witter-Johnson with cello | |
| Background information | |
| Born | 1980s<br>London, England |
| Genres | Soul, Jazz, Blues |
| Occupation(s) | Composer, singer, songwriter, cellist, arranger, pianist and producer |
| Instrument(s) | Cello, voice, piano |
| Labels | Hill & Gully |
|  | |
| Website | www.ayannamusic.com |


title: 1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom)

abstract: The 1st Airlanding Brigade was an airborne infantry brigade of the British Army during the Second World War and the only glider infantry formation assigned to the 1st Airborne Division, serving alongside the 1st Parachute Brigade and 4th Parachute Brigade. The brigade was formed in late 1941 during the Second World War, through the conversion of an existing infantry brigade previously stationed in India, the 31st Independent Infantry Brigade. Two of the initial four infantry battalions left in May 1943 to form the new 6th Airlanding Brigade of the 6th Airborne Division and were replaced by a single new battalion, thereby reducing the brigade's strength by one quarter. The brigade only saw action on two occasions during the Second World War, in Operation Ladbroke, as part of the Allied invasion of Sicily, in July 1943 and later in Operation Market Garden in September 1944. During the second operation, in the fighting around Arnhem, 1st Airlanding Brigade along with the rest of 1st Airborne Division held out against overwhelming German odds, sustaining very heavy losses. Only around 20 percent of the brigade were evacuated south of the River Rhine. The rest had either been killed, were missing or became prisoners of war. Following the German surrender in mid-1945, 1st Airlanding Brigade were sent to Norway to disarm the German garrison. Later the same year the brigade was disbanded.

text:
# 1st Airlanding Brigade (United Kingdom)

The **1st Airlanding Brigade** was an airborne infantry brigade of the British Army during the Second World War and the only glider infantry formation assigned to the 1st Airborne Division, serving alongside the 1st Parachute Brigade and 4th Parachute Brigade.

The brigade was formed in late 1941 during the Second World War, through the conversion of an existing infantry brigade previously stationed in India, the 31st Independent Infantry Brigade. Two of the initial four infantry battalions left in May 1943 to form the new 6th Airlanding Brigade of the 6th Airborne Division and were replaced by a single new battalion, thereby reducing the brigade's strength by one quarter.

The brigade only saw action on two occasions during the Second World War, in Operation Ladbroke, as part of the Allied invasion of Sicily, in July 1943 and later in Operation Market Garden in September 1944. During the second operation, in the fighting around Arnhem, 1st Airlanding Brigade along with the rest of 1st Airborne Division held out against overwhelming German odds, sustaining very heavy losses. Only around 20 percent of the brigade were evacuated south of the River Rhine. The rest had either been killed, were missing or became prisoners of war.

Following the German surrender in mid-1945, 1st Airlanding Brigade were sent to Norway to disarm the German garrison. Later the same year the brigade was disbanded.

## Formation

Under the command of Brigadier George Hopkinson, the 1st Airlanding Brigade Group was formed on 10 October 1941 through the re-designation of the 31st Independent Infantry Brigade, which had just returned to the United Kingdom after training for mountain warfare in British India. Upon formation, the brigade consisted of the 1st Battalion, Border Regiment (Borders), the 2nd Battalion, South Staffordshire Regiment (Staffords), the 2nd Battalion, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry (OBLI), the 1st Battalion, Royal Ulster Rifles (Ulsters) and supporting units. These were the brigade's original infantry battalions and all remained part of its order of battle. Men in the battalions who were unsuitable for airborne service were weeded out and replaced by volunteers.

The strength of the airlanding brigade almost equalled that of an airborne division's two parachute brigades. To support the four infantry battalions, the brigade also had its own artillery, engineer and reconnaissance units until 1942, when they became divisional assets. Another change that affected the brigade occurred in May 1943, when the Ulsters and the OBLI left to form the 6th Airlanding Brigade, of the 6th Airborne Division. When the brigade returned to the United Kingdom, it was assigned the 7th Battalion, King's Own Scottish Borderers (KOSB) in December 1943, a 2nd Line Territorial Army unit, which had until then been on home defence duties, stationed in the Orkney and Shetland islands.

The brigade's glider infantry battalions consisted of 806 men in four rifle companies, each with four platoons along with a support company consisting of two Anti-tank platoons each with four 6 pounder guns, two mortar platoons armed with six 3 inch mortars, and two Vickers machine gun platoons.

Transport for the brigade was normally the Airspeed Horsa glider, piloted by two men from the Glider Pilot Regiment. With a wingspan of 88 feet (27 m) and a length of 67 feet (20 m), the Horsa had a maximum load capacity of 15,750 pounds (7,140 kg)—space for two pilots, a maximum of twenty-eight troops or two jeeps, one jeep and an artillery gun or one jeep with a trailer. Sixty–two Horsa and one General Aircraft Hamilcar gliders were required to carry the airlanding battalion into action. The Hamilcar carried the battalion's two Universal Carriers used to support the mortar and machine-gun platoons.

## Operations

### Sicily

The 1st Airborne Division, including the 1st Airlanding Brigade, left England for North Africa in June 1943. The brigade now comprised only two battalions, the 1st Border Regiment and the 2nd South Staffordshire Regiment, with Brigadier Philip "Pip" Hicks, in command, Brigadier Hopkinson having been promoted to major-general and given command of the 1st Airborne Division from Major-General Browning. The 1st Ulster Rifles and the 2nd Ox and Bucks remained in England to help create the 6th Airlanding Brigade. Once they arrived in the theatre the brigade was based in the Oran area on the north-western Mediterranean coast of Algeria. Now part of the British Eighth Army, training for the Allied invasion of Sicily, code-named Operation Husky, started in earnest.

Major-General Hopkinson had persuaded General Bernard Montgomery, commander of the Eighth Army, to include the 1st Airborne Division in the invasion of Sicily, against the wishes of both the commander of the British Airborne Forces, Major-General Browning and the commander of the Glider Pilot Regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Chatterton. Both men were concerned that they had insufficient aircraft for the complete division to take part while British pilots and infantry were not familiar with the Waco CG-4 gliders that were to be used. Their concerns proved correct as there were only enough aircraft for two of the division's four brigades to take part in the invasion. The 1st Parachute Brigade was assigned to Operation Fustian with orders to seize and hold the Primosole Bridge over the River Simeto. Prior to that, the 1st Airlanding Brigade was to take part in Operation Ladbroke, a glider assault on the Ponte Grande bridge across the Anapo river south of Syracuse. The brigade was to hold the bridge until relieved by the advance of the British 5th Infantry Division. The 1st Airlanding Brigade was allocated 136 Waco and eight Airspeed Horsa gliders for the operation. Six of the Horsas carrying two infantry companies were scheduled to land at the bridge at 23:15 on 9 July in a coup-de-main operation. The remainder of the brigade would arrive at 01:15 on 10 July using a number of landing-zones between 1.5 and 3 miles (2.4 and 4.8 km) away, then converge on the bridge to reinforce the defence.

On 9 July, 2,075 men of the brigade along with seven Willys MBs, six artillery guns and ten mortars, boarded their gliders in Tunisia and took off at 18:00 bound for Sicily. En route they encountered strong winds, poor visibility and at times were subjected to anti-aircraft fire. To avoid gunfire and searchlights, pilots of the towing aircraft climbed higher or took evasive action. In the confusion surrounding these manoeuvres, some gliders were released too early and 65 of them crashed into the sea, drowning around 252 men. Of the remaining gliders only 12 landed at the correct landing-zones. Another 59 landed up to 25 miles (40 km) away while the remainder were either shot down or failed to release and returned to Tunisia. Only one Horsa with a platoon of infantry from the Staffords landed near the bridge. Its commander, Lieutenant Louis Withers, divided his men into two groups then swam across the river with half of them to take up positions on the opposite bank. Thereafter the bridge was captured following a simultaneous assault from both sides. The platoon then dismantled demolition charges that had been fitted to the bridge and dug in to wait for reinforcement or relief. Another Horsa landed about 200 yards (180 m) from the bridge but exploded on landing, killing all on board. Three of the other Horsas carrying the coup-de-main party, landed within 2 miles (3.2 km) of the bridge—their occupants eventually finding their way to the site. Reinforcements began to arrive at the bridge but by 06:30 they numbered only 87 men.

Elsewhere, about 150 men landed at Cape Murro di Porco and captured a radio station. Based on a warning of imminent glider landings transmitted by the station's previous occupants, the local Italian commander ordered a counter-attack but his troops failed to get the message. The scattered nature of the landings now worked in the brigade's favour as they were able to cut all telephone wires in the immediate area. Forces at the bridge came under repeated attacks from the Italians while the expected 5th Infantry Division relief did not appear at 10:00 as planned. By 15:30 only 15 of men at the bridge remained fit to fight and they were out of ammunition, as a result the Italians then recaptured the bridge. The first unit from the 5th Division, the 2nd Northamptonshire Regiment of the 17th Brigade, arrived at the bridge at 16:15 and mounted a successful counterattack. The prior removal of demolition charges from the bridge had prevented the Italians from destroying it. The brigade then took no further part in the fighting and was withdrawn back to North Africa on 13 July. During the landings in Sicily, the losses by the 1st Airlanding Brigade were the worst of all the British units involved so far. They amounted to 313 killed and 174 missing or wounded. The accompanying glider pilots lost 14 killed, and a further 87 were missing or wounded.

### Arnhem

After service in the Mediterranean the brigade returned to Woodhall Spa in Lincolnshire, where it was reinforced by the arrival of the 7th Battalion, King's Own Scottish Borderers in November 1943. During the Normandy landings, the 1st Airlanding Brigade was part of the strategic reserve, on standby to deploy wherever they were needed to support the invasion. The division and brigade were next assigned to Operation Market Garden at Arnhem in the Netherlands. This entailed three airborne divisions capturing bridges to be used subsequently by the British Second Army. Prior to the operation, more than 15 planned airborne missions into France and Belgium had been cancelled due to the speed of the Allied advance.

A shortage of transport aircraft meant that it would take three days to transport the division to Arnhem. The plan called for the majority of the 1st Airlanding Brigade and the 1st Parachute Brigade to land on day one. The parachute brigade would head for Arnhem and capture the bridges over the Lower Rhine while the airlanding brigade secured drop zones for units arriving on the second and third days. When all the division's units had arrived the brigade would take up defensive positions to the west of Arnhem. The 1st Airlanding Brigade units arriving on the second lift were to be two companies plus one mortar, one machine gun and one anti-tank platoon of the Staffords, along with three platoons and sections from the mortar, machine gun and anti-tank platoons of the KOSB. The Borders contingent amounted to a further eight platoons.

On 17 September 1944, the first lift successfully carried the majority of the brigade to Arnhem—only 12 gliders failed to arrive due to technical problems. While the 1st Parachute Brigade headed for Arnhem the airlanding brigade dug in to secure the landing grounds. The Staffords dug in around landing zone 'S', the KOSB around drop zone 'Y' and the Borders around landing zone 'X'. Also under command of the brigade, co-located with brigade headquarters at Wolfheze were the Glider pilots of No. 2 Wing, Glider Pilot Regiment, the equivalent of a small infantry battalion.

On the night of 17–18 September, divisional commander Major-General Roy Urquhart was reported missing. Brigadier Philip Hugh Whitby Hicks assumed command of the division while Colonel Hilaro Barlow replaced Hicks as brigade commander.

On day two, problems in Arnhem forced Hicks to change the divisional plan. Only the 2nd Parachute Battalion had reached the road bridge—strong German defences had halted the other battalions so Hicks decided that the Staffords would link up with the 1st Parachute Brigade in an attempt to reach their objective. However, the Staffords also failed to break through the German defenders. Bad weather over England kept the planned second lift on the ground. The first troops did not arrive until 15:00, a delay that gave the Germans time to approach the landing grounds and engage the KOSB in numerous probing attacks on the northern perimeter. At one stage KOSB commanding officer Lieutenant Colonel Payton-Reid led a bayonet charge to clear the Germans from the area. Meanwhile, the Borders were repeatedly attacked from the south of landing zone's 'X' and 'Z', and were eventually forced to call on the 75 mm guns of the 1st Airlanding Light Regiment to break up the attacks. Hicks had previously decided to send the Staffords on the second lift to join their battalion fighting in Arnhem, while he also sent the 11th Parachute Battalion on the same lift to support 1st Parachute Brigade. The KOSB, until then responsible for defending the landing ground, were attached to 4th Parachute Brigade to replace the 11th Parachute Battalion. However they were still responsible for defending landing ground 'L', for the arrival of the Poles gliders on day three. This left only the Borders, No. 2 Wing GPR and the field ambulance under brigade command.

As day three dawned, the Staffords, and the 1st Parachute Battalion attacked at 04:00, their first objective being to link up with the 3rd Parachute Battalion trapped around St Elizabeth's Hospital. The attack failed but allowed Urquhart to rejoin the division from a position where he had been trapped by the Germans. This allowed Hicks to resume command of the brigade, whereupon Urquhart dispatched Colonel Barlow to take over command of 1st Parachute Brigade and co-ordinate the attack in Arnhem. He left in a jeep and was killed in a mortar barrage just outside Arnhem. The 1st Airlanding Brigade, still holding landing zone 'L' for the expected Polish and resupply gliders, then came under attack from the west and north-west. During the night the KOSB had tried to take the high ground at Koepel, but were stopped by heavy machine gun fire and instead dug in. The remainder of 4th Parachute Brigade advancing north of the railway line also encountered a strong German defence line and were unable to progress any further. All three battalions were ordered to withdraw south of the railway line towards Wolfheze. Although the northernmost battalion of the KOSB had thus far enjoyed a quiet morning, in the two hours it took them to advance south of the railway, two companies were now cut off and the entire battalion transport lost. Still under fire from the pursuing Germans, the battalions crossed landing zone 'L' just as the third lift gliders were landing. While attempting to unload the gliders the Poles came under fire. Assuming the approaching men were Germans, they opened fire and caused some casualties.

With no one in command, around 100 men, the remnants of the Staffords, along with about 400 troops from the 1st Parachute Brigade, pulled back towards Oosterbeek. Here they were gathered together in an ad hoc formation known as the "Lonsdale Force" after Major Richard Lonsdale who was put in command. The Lonsdale Force deployed to the south-east of Oosterbeek to defend the division's artillery line. Here, as dusk approached, Lance Serjeant John Baskeyfield of the Staffords, although wounded and with the rest of his men dead or wounded, engaged three tanks as they emerged from the woods with his anti-tank gun. He destroyed the first tank and disabled the second before his own weapon was destroyed. Moving to a nearby gun where the crew were already dead, he continued to fight the third tank alone. Shortly after he managed to disable it, he was killed a shell from a German tank. For his actions Baskeyfield received a posthumous Victoria Cross, the highest British military decoration. The KOSB had by now arrived at the perimeter being formed around Oosterbeek and took up positions south of the railway line just north of division headquarters.

By day four, the battalions of the 1st Airlanding Brigade were dispersed over a wide area. While the Borders were to the west on a line from the River Rhine east of Heveadorp to the Heelsum road, the remaining KOSB companies lay to the north with the remnants of the Staffords forming part of Lonsdale Force in the east. Brigade headquarters was established on open ground at the centre of the divisional area. On day five (21 September), defence of the divisional area was divided between the two remaining brigade headquarters. The 1st Airlanding Brigade in the west now commanded the remaining three companies of Borders, the remnants of the KOSB, and what remained of the Royal Engineers, 21st Independent Company, Glider Pilots and Poles. Lonsdale Force Major Robert Henry Cain of the Staffords disabled a tank with a PIAT and then, although wounded by machine gun fire, positioned one of the division's artillery guns and destroyed it. This was the first of a number of actions by Major Cain which led to the award of a Victoria Cross. This second medal for the Staffords meant it became the only British battalion to receive two Victoria Crosses in one battle during the Second World War.

The Germans did not mount an all-out infantry assault on the divisional area, which was under continuous mortar and artillery attack. Instead, each sector was subjected to small scale assaults at times supported by tanks or self-propelled guns. Enemy troops first attacked the Independent Company, then the Borders who were forced off the high ground overlooking the river, and finally the KOSB. The Germans mounted a strong assault following the landing of the 1st Polish Parachute Brigade south of the river beside Driel. This attack forced the KOSB out of their positions, which were only regained after a bayonet charge. Fighting was so fierce that first reports suggested the KOSB had been annihilated, although it turned out that the counter-attack had in fact reduced the battalion's strength to only 150 men.

By day six, 22 September, the battle had settled into a routine of mortaring and small probing attacks at times supported by armoured vehicles and sniper fire. The Poles, dug in south of the river, relieved part of the pressure on the division, as some German forces were diverted to confront them. The following day began in a similar way to previous days with a mortar and artillery bombardment, followed by infantry and armour trying to find a gap in the perimeter. The KOSB, Glider Pilots and the 21st Independent Company who were all defending the brigade area were repeatedly attacked. Furthermore, food and water shortages also took their toll on the men, with foraging parties subjected to sniper fire. On day eight, 24 September, although German attacks continued, the enemy were engaged by artillery of the XXX Corps south of the river and aircraft from the Royal Air Force. This broke up most assaults before they got started.

On 25 September Lieutenant-General Brian Horrocks, commander of XXX Corps, decided not to reinforce the position north of the Rhine and instead prepare for the evacuation of all survivors in Operation Berlin. The evacuation took place on the night of 25–26 September. Of the 2,526 men of 1st Airlanding Brigade that left England for Operation Market Garden, there were 230 killed, 476 evacuated and 1,822 were missing or prisoners of war.

### Norway

After Arnhem, replacements for the 1st Airlanding Brigade began to bring the brigade up to strength. Among the replacements was Brigadier Roger Bower who took the place of the injured Brigadier Hicks. However, the Germans surrendered before they were involved in further action. The 1st Airborne Division including the airlanding brigade, the Special Air Service Brigade and an ad hoc brigade formed from the divisional artillery were sent to disarm the German occupation forces in Norway in May 1945. On entering Norway, the division would be responsible for maintaining law and order in the areas it occupied, ensuring that German units followed the terms of their surrender, securing and then protecting captured airfields, and finally preventing the sabotage of essential military and civilian structures. After landing nearby, 1st Airlanding Brigade occupied the Norwegian capital Oslo, where Brigadier Bower became Commander, Oslo Area for the duration of the division's time in Norway. The city was chosen because as well as being the Norwegian capital it was also the centre of the Norwegian and German administration. The brigade returned to the United Kingdom in August 1945, when the 1st Airborne Division was disbanded and the airlanding battalions returned to a conventional infantry role.

## Brigade composition

### Commanding Officers

### On formation 1941

### From December 1943

### Notes

### Citations

1. Ferguson, p. 6
2. "1 Airlanding Brigade subordinates". Order of Battle. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
3. Blockwell and Clifton, p. 63
4. Guard, p. 37
5. "6 Airlanding Brigade subordinates". Order of Battle. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
6. Blockwell and Clifton, p. 58
7. Peters and Buist, p. 55
8. Tugwell, p. 39
9. Fowler, p. 9
10. Peters and Buist, p. 9
11. "1 Airlanding Brigade Unit appointments". Order of Battle. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
12. Ferguson, p. 11
13. Ferguson, p. 10
14. Mitcham and Von Stauffenberg, p. 73
15. Tugwell, p. 159
16. Mitcham and Von Stauffenberg, pp. 73–74
17. Mitcham and Von Stauffenberg, p. 74
18. Tugwell, p. 160
19. Mitcham and Von Stauffenberg, p. 75
20. Tugwell, p. 161
21. Mitcham and Von Stauffenberg, p. 78
22. Tugwell, p. 162
23. Blockwell and Clifton, p. 61
24. Urquhart, p. 16
25. Urquhart, pp. 1–3
26. Peters and Buist, pp. 18–28
27. Urquhart, pp. 5–10
28. Tugwell, p. 239
29. Peters and Buist, p. 328
30. Peters and Buist, pp. 328–330
31. Nigl, p. 75
32. Peters and Buist, p. 80
33. Tugwell, p. 244
34. Peters and Buist, p. 127
35. Peters and Buist, p. 57
36. Tugwell, p. 258
37. Urquhart, p. 61
38. Urquhart, p. 72
39. Urquhart, p. 76
40. Urquhart, p. 60
41. Clark, p. 170
42. Middlebrook, p. 211
43. Urquhart, p. 85
44. Urquhart, p. 91
45. Clark, pp. 170–171
46. Urquhart, p. 101
47. Clark, p. 173
48. Urquhart, p. 95
49. "No. 36807". *The London Gazette* (Supplement). 23 November 1944. pp. 5375–5376.
50. Urquhart, p. 118
51. Urquhart, p. 121
52. "No. 36774". *The London Gazette* (Supplement). 2 November 1944. pp. 5015–5016.
53. "The Staffordshire Regiment" (PDF). Ministry of Defence. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 September 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
54. Clark, p. 195
55. Urquhart, p. 124
56. Urquhart, p. 128
57. Urquhart, p. 127
58. Urquhart, p. 135
59. Clark, p. 220
60. Clark, p. 219
61. Clark, p. 224
62. Clark, p. 228
63. Clark, pp. 232–234
64. "Bower, Sir Roger Herbert (1903–1990), Lieutenant General". Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives: King's College London. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
65. Otway, p. 325
66. Otway, pp. 325–326
67. Hickman, Mark. "1st Airlanding Brigade". Pegasus archive. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
68. Ferguson, p. 15

## Bibliography

* Blockwell, Albert; Clifton, Maggie (2005). *Diary of a Red Devil: By Glider to Arnhem with the 7th King's Own Scottish Borderers*. Solihill, United Kingdom: Helion & Company Limited. ISBN 1-874622-13-2.
* Clark, Lloyd (2008). *Arnhem: Jumping the Rhine 1944 and 1945*. St Ives, United Kingdom: Headline Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-7553-3637-1.
* Ferguson, Gregory (1984). *The Paras 1940–84*. Volume 1 of Elite series. Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 0-85045-573-1.
* Flint, Keith (2006). *Airborne Armour: Tetrarch, Locust, Hamilcar and the 6th Airborne Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment 1938–1950*. Solihull, United Kingdom: Helion & Company Ltd. ISBN 1-874622-37-X.
* Fowler, Will (2010). *Pegasus Bridge — Benouville, D-Day 1944*. Raid Series. Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-848-8.
* Guard, Julie (2007). *Airborne: World War II Paratroopers in Combat*. Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-196-0.
* Harclerode, Peter (2005). *Wings Of War – Airborne Warfare 1918–1945*. London. United Kingdom: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-36730-3.
* Lynch, Tim (2008). *Silent Skies: Gliders At War 1939–1945*. Barnsley, United Kingdom: Pen & Sword Military. ISBN 978-0-7503-0633-1.
* Middlebrook, Martin (1994). *Arnhem 1944: the Airborne Battle, 17–26 September*. New York, New York: Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-2498-X.
* Mitcham, Samuel W; Von Stauffenberg, Friedrich (2007). *The Battle of Sicily: How the Allies Lost Their Chance for Total Victory*. Stackpole Military History Series. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-3403-5.
* Moreman, Timothy Robert (2006). *British Commandos 1940–46*. Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-986-X.
* Nigl, Alfred J (2007). *Silent Wings Savage Death*. Santa Ana, California: Graphic Publishers. ISBN 978-1-882824-31-1.
* Otway, Lieutenant-Colonel T.B.H. (1990). *The Second World War 1939–1945 Army Airborne Forces*. London, United Kingdom: Imperial War Museum. ISBN 0-901627-57-7.
* Peters, Mike; Buist, Luuk (2009). *Glider Pilots at Arnhem*. Barnsley, United Kingdom: Pen & Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-84415-763-1.
* Shortt, James; McBride, Angus (1981). *The Special Air Service*. Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 0-85045-396-8.
* Smith, Claude (1992). *History of the Glider Pilot Regiment*. London, United Kingdom: Pen & Sword Aviation. ISBN 1-84415-626-5.
* Tugwell, Maurice (1971). *Airborne to Battle: A History of Airborne Warfare, 1918–1971*. London, United Kingdom: Kimber. ISBN 0-7183-0262-1.
* Urquhart, Robert (2007). *Arnhem*. Barnsley, United Kingdom: Pen and Sword Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84415-537-8.

## InfoBox

| 1st Airlanding Brigade | |
| --- | --- |
| 1st Battalion, Border Regiment, at Arnhem | |
| Active | 1941–1945 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | British Army |
| Type | Airborne forces |
| Role | Glider infantry |
| Size | 4 battalions (maximum) |
| Part of | 1st Airborne Division |
| Engagements | Sicily landings<br>Battle of Arnhem<br>Operation Doomsday |
| Commanders | |
| Notable<br>commanders | Pip Hicks |
| Insignia | |
| Emblem of the British airborne forces |  |


title: Angermund

abstract: Angermund is an urban quarter of Düsseldorf, part of Borough 5. Angermund is the northernmost part of Düsseldorf, neighbouring to Kalkum, Kaiserswerth, Ratingen and Duisburg. Having the second largest income in Düsseldorf, it provides a home to many corporate managers and foreign, mainly American, British and Dutch employees. Angermund has an area of 13.29 km⁲ (5.13 sq mi), and 6,746 inhabitants (2020), population density 506 inhabitants per km⁲.

text:
# Angermund

**Angermund** is an urban quarter of Düsseldorf, part of Borough 5. Angermund is the northernmost part of Düsseldorf, neighbouring to Kalkum, Kaiserswerth, Ratingen and Duisburg. Having the second largest income in Düsseldorf, it provides a home to many corporate managers and foreign, mainly American, British and Dutch employees. Angermund has an area of 13.29 km2 (5.13 sq mi), and 6,746 inhabitants (2020), population density 506 inhabitants per km2.

## Name and History

The name comes from the Anger rivulet, flowing into the river Rhine near Angermund. Angermund was mentioned in writings for the first time in 960 A.D. The Angermund Castle was built in the 14th century A.D. Angermund became a part of Düsseldorf in 1975.

## Sights

Heltorf Castle and its park are well known in that region with its rhododendron plants. The old Angermund Castle from the 14th century is the other sight of Angermund.

### St. Agnes Church

The first small chapel in Angermund was built in the 9. century and was dedicated to Saint George. 1632 the chapel was destroyed by soldiers in the Thirty Years' War.

On request of the citizens Duke Wolfgang Wilhelm of Berg provided a piece of land and ordered a construction plan for a new church. Although construction started immediately it took until 1646 to erect the exterior walls. It took five additional years to complete the interior. In 1658 the first church service took place. On the 9. of August 1697 the church was consecrated. Saint Agnes became patron saint of the church giving the church its name. 1703 Angermund became an own Parish.

## Infrastructure

There is one S-Bahn line (S1) connecting Düsseldorf-Angermund station southbound with Düsseldorf Airport and Düsseldorf Hbf as well as with Duisburg Hbf and the Ruhrgebiet, northbound. In addition to the railway service, there are two bus lines (728, 751) connecting Angermund with Ratingen Hösel and Düsseldorf Kaiserswerth. Two Autobahns are accessible via Duisburg Rahm and Ratingen Lintorf, as well as a southbound highway going straight downtown. Subway service is accessible via Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth, and the airport railway station is one S-Bahn stop south of Angermund.

51°19′48″N 6°46′48″E / 51.33000°N 6.78000°E / 51.33000; 6.78000


title: Elijah Litana

abstract: Elijah Litana is a Zambian former professional footballer who played as a defender. He was part of the Zambia national team that reached the final in the 1994 African Nations Cup. Litana spent five seasons with Al-Hilal, helping the club win the 1995–96 Saudi Premier League. He was sidelined from playing football after a firearm accident in July 2000.

text:
# Elijah Litana

**Elijah Litana** (born 5 December 1970) is a Zambian former professional footballer who played as a defender. He was part of the Zambia national team that reached the final in the 1994 African Nations Cup.

Litana spent five seasons with Al-Hilal, helping the club win the 1995–96 Saudi Premier League. He was sidelined from playing football after a firearm accident in July 2000.

## InfoBox

Elijah Litana
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1970-12-05) 5 December 1970 | | |
| Place of birth | Zambia | | |
| Height | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 0000–1995 | Roan United |  |  |
| 1995–2000 | Al-Hilal |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1993–2000 | Zambia | 31 | (2) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Astragalus stocksii

abstract: Astragalus stocksii is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae. It was named after the botanist and teacher Dayna L. Stocks. It is one of the most common plants found in the Thal Desert of Pakistan.

text:
# Astragalus stocksii

***Astragalus stocksii*** is a species of milkvetch in the family Fabaceae. It was named after the botanist and teacher Dayna L. Stocks. It is one of the most common plants found in the Thal Desert of Pakistan.

## InfoBox

| *Astragalus stocksii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Genus: | *Astragalus* |
| Species: | ***A. stocksii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Astragalus stocksii***<br>Bunge | |
|


title: 2000–01 Hazfi Cup

text:
# 2000–01 Hazfi Cup

The 2000–01 Hazfi Cup was the 14th season of the Iranian football knockout competition. The tournament is organised annually by the Football Federation Islamic Republic of Iran.

## Final

## InfoBox

2000–01 Hazfi Cup
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Iran |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Fajr Sepasi |
| Runner-up | Zob Ahan |
|  | |


title: Ann-Britt Ryd Pettersson

abstract: Ann-Britt Ryd Pettersson, born 19 March 1954, is a Swedish news reporter at Sveriges Television. She began working for SR Blekinge by the late 1970s, before becoming host for regional news programme Östnytt. In 1980, she became first female employed by the SVT sports section. During the 2018 Kristallen Awards, she was awarded the special prize.

text:
# Ann-Britt Ryd Pettersson

**Ann-Britt Ryd Pettersson**, born 19 March 1954, is a Swedish news reporter at Sveriges Television. She began working for SR Blekinge by the late 1970s, before becoming host for regional news programme *Östnytt*. In 1980, she became first female employed by the SVT sports section.

During the 2018 Kristallen Awards, she was awarded the special prize.

## InfoBox

| Ann-Britt Ryd Pettersson | |
| --- | --- |
| Ann-Britt Ryd Pettersson during Svenska idrottsgalan 2014. | |
| Born | (1954-03-10) 10 March 1954 |
| Nationality | Swedish |
| Occupation(s) | news reporter, sports journalist |


title: 1942 Ottawa Rough Riders season

abstract: The 1942 Ottawa Rough Riders finished in first place in the Ottawa City Senior Rugby Football Union with a 3–1 record while the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union suspended operations due to World War II. The Rough Riders lost the OCSRFU Final to the Ottawa RCAF Uplands.

text:
# 1942 Ottawa Rough Riders season

The **1942 Ottawa Rough Riders** finished in first place in the Ottawa City Senior Rugby Football Union with a 3–1 record while the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union suspended operations due to World War II. The Rough Riders lost the OCSRFU Final to the Ottawa RCAF Uplands.

## Regular season

### Standings

**OCSRFU**
| Team | GP | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Ottawa Rough Riders** | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 66 | 13 | 6 |
| **Ottawa RCAF Uplands** | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 53 | 31 | 6 |
| Ottawa Civil Service | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 8 | 83 | 0 |

### Schedule

| **Week** | **Date** | **Opponent** | **Result** | **Record** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Oct 10 | Ottawa RCAF Uplands | W 17–0 | 1–0 |
| 2 | Oct 24 | Ottawa Civil Service | W 43–0 | 2–0 |
| 3 | Oct 31 | Ottawa RCAF Uplands | L 6–13 | 2–1 |
| 4 | Nov 14 | Ottawa Civil Service | W 6–0 | 3–1 |

## Postseason

### Playoffs

| **Round** | **Date** | **Opponent** | **Result** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| OCSRFU Final #1 | Nov 21 | Ottawa RCAF Uplands | L 0–9 |

## InfoBox

| 1942 Ottawa Rough Riders season | |
| --- | --- |
| Head coach | George Fraser |
| Home field | Lansdowne Park |
| Results | |
| Record | **3–1** |
| Division place | **1st, OCSRFU** |
| Playoff finish | **Lost in OCSRFU Final** |
|


title: Enrique Landaida

abstract: Orlando Enrique Landaida Franco is a Paraguayan football manager. He is the current technical coordinator of Recoleta.

text:
# Enrique Landaida

**Orlando Enrique Landaida Franco** (born 14 September 1974) is a Paraguayan football manager. He is the current technical coordinator of Recoleta.

## Career

Landaida began his career with Cerro Porteño, being a youth football coordinator while also a manager of the youth setup. In 2012 he moved to Club Nacional, under the same role.

In August 2012, Landaida took a role in the Paraguayan Football Association as a youth coordinator. In 2013, he was also in charge of the under-15 team in the 2013 South American U-15 Championship, and was subsequently named FIFA development director in the association.

After returning to Cerro in 2013, Landaida was appointed sporting director of the club in 2016, but left in March 2017. In May, he moved to Club Olimpia as a technical coordinator.

In December 2017, Landaida was named manager of Olimpia's youth setup. In 2020, he also had a brief spell as Roberto Torres' assistant at Sportivo San Lorenzo.

On 26 October 2020, after the dismissal of Daniel Garnero, Landaida was appointed interim manager of Olimpia's main squad. He left the role after the appointment of Néstor Gorosito, with three wins in three matches.

On 11 March 2021, Landaida was named at the helm of River Plate Asunción in the place of sacked Mario Jara.

## InfoBox

Enrique Landaida
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Orlando Enrique Landaida Franco | | |
| Date of birth | (1974-09-14) 14 September 1974 | | |
| Place of birth | Paraguay | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Recoleta (technical coordinator) | | |
| Managerial career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | | |
| 2005–2012 | Cerro Porteño (youth) | | |
| 2012 | Nacional Asunción (youth) | | |
| 2013 | Paraguay U15 | | |
| 2018–2021 | Olimpia (interim) | | |
| 2020 | Sportivo San Lorenzo (assistant) | | |
| 2020 | Olimpia (interim) | | |
| 2021 | River Plate Asunción | | |
| 2021 | Olimpia | | |
| 2021–2022 | Olimpia (youth) | | |
| 2023 | Independiente FBC | | |
| 2023 | Recoleta (interim) | | |


title: European Air Transport Command

abstract: The European Air Transport Command (EATC) is the command centre that exercises the operational control of the majority of the aerial refueling capabilities and military transport fleets of a consortium of seven European Union (EU) member states. As of January 2015, the combined fleet under the authority of the EATC represents 75% of the European air transport capacity. Located at Eindhoven Airbase in the Netherlands, the command also bears a limited responsibility for exercises, aircrew training and the harmonisation of relevant national air transport regulations. The command was established in 2010 with a view to provide a more efficient management of the participating nations' assets and resources in this field. The EATC is presently not established at the EU level; it is for instance not a project of the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) of the CSDP. The EATC and its assets may however contribute in the implementation of the CSDP, when made available as a multinational force in accordance with article 42.3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU).

text:
# European Air Transport Command

The **European Air Transport Command** (**EATC**) is the command centre that exercises the operational control of the majority of the aerial refueling capabilities and military transport fleets of a consortium of seven European Union (EU) member states. As of January 2015, the combined fleet under the authority of the EATC represents 75% of the European air transport capacity. Located at Eindhoven Airbase in the Netherlands, the command also bears a limited responsibility for exercises, aircrew training and the harmonisation of relevant national air transport regulations.

The command was established in 2010 with a view to provide a more efficient management of the participating nations' assets and resources in this field.

The EATC is presently not established at the EU level (referred to as the Common Security and Defence Policy, CSDP); it is for instance not a project of the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) of the CSDP. The EATC and its assets may however contribute in the implementation of the CSDP, when made available as a *multinational force* in accordance with article 42.3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU).

## History

### Franco-German initiative

In 1999 France and Germany started a politico-military initiative to *"prepare the establishment of a European Air Transport Command"*. The conclusions from the meeting of the European Council in Helsinki the same year, mentions the expressed will of the Union's member states to develop collective goals for rapid capability, including in the area of strategic transport. This was to be achieved voluntarily, to better co-ordinate national and international efforts for the carrying-out of the full range of so-called Petersberg tasks.

A study conducted by the European Air Group (EAG) in 2000 came to the conclusion, that it would be beneficial to co-ordinate the international military airlift requirements and the means to meet them between the EAG nations to exploit all possible synergies. It finally recommended to establish a permanent co-ordination element managing the airlift co-ordination needs of nations in an evolutionary approach by smoothly transferring competencies from existing national structures. This multinational management structure should be developed step by step from purely co-ordination to a combined entity with full command authority.

### Airlift Coordination Cell

The member states of the EAG decided in June 2001 to establish the European Airlift Coordination Cell (EACC) as a first step on this way with the objective to improve the efficiency by identifying spare military airlift capacities and sharing this information with interested nations as offer for additional opportunities. The idea was to improve the utilisation of European military air transport and aerial refueling capabilities and hereby gaining synergetic effects. This entity proved its success as the savings exceeded the operating costs of this cell in the first year.

#### Airlift Centre

Consequently, as a next step EACC member Nations decided in June 2003 to further develop this cell by increasing the mission scope and responsibility. The European Airlift Centre (EAC) was established, which indeed on paper received an increased responsibility over the planning of air transport requests and additionally in the field of harmonisation of air transport related regulations. However the political will to transfer adequate levels of authority towards the EAC to fulfil these additional tasks was not strong enough. Therefore, France and Germany agreed on the next step expressing their aspiration for the creation of a multinational air transport command.

On the seventh Franco-German Ministerial Council on 12 October 2006 it was decided to create a common strategic command for airlifts. Other member states of the EAC (Belgium, Spain, the United Kingdom, Italy, the Netherlands and Norway) were invited to join. Belgium and Netherlands did so by signing a note of accession. In May 2007 the chiefs of defence staffs of the four participating nations approved the EATC concept which set the framework for the working process as well as the defined levels of responsibilities and gave the stimulus for further negotiations for the implementation of this new headquarter. An international implementation team based in Beauvechain (Belgium) facilitated the final decision to locate the command in Eindhoven, as well as in getting the Technical Arrangement as the interim legal framework signed by the nations in summer 2010.

### Establishment

The European Air Transport command was officially established on 1 July 2010. On 1 September 2010 the inauguration took place at Eindhoven, in the presence of political and military leaders of the four participating nations; France, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. 22 November 2012, Luxembourg acceded to the EATC, and in July 2014 Spain followed suit. Italy formalised in December 2014 to join EATC with 37 aircraft per January 2015 raising the EATC managed fleet to approx. 220 aircraft.

On 1 September 2010 the EATC took over the operational control of most of the participating nation's military cargo aircraft (excluding helicopters) of which the existing fleet of Transall C-160 and Lockheed C-130 Hercules form the largest part. In the future all Airbus A400M shall be put under the command of the EATC (beginning with the official delivery to the nations). A strong motivation for the establishment of the EATC was the limited availability of assets and the operational necessity to co-operate very closely. The A400M is considerably delayed while the inclusion of European troops in combat missions has increased over the years including many overseas missions.

Germany reorganises its *Lufttransportkommando* (LTKdo) in Münster – the aircraft personnel will be assigned back to the *Luftwaffendivision* air combat groups and the LTKdo command center itself will retire on 31 December 2010. The EATC takes over authority on 15 October 2010 after being implemented on 1 September 2010. 65 members of the LTKdo have been moved to Eindhoven and Major General Jochen Both takes over the command of the EATC coordination center which has a total staff of 200 members. The command is supposed to switch to a French air force general after two years.

## Participating nations

HQ EindhovenZaragozaGetafeOrléansÉvreuxPisaPratica di MareMelsbroekHohnWunstorfKöln-WahnLandsbergclass=notpageimage|Location of air bases directed by the European Air Transport Command as of September 2017

The following countries have signalled their interest in joining the EATC:

## Structure

### Commander

The Commander of the EATC is a two-star general. The post rotates biennially between France and Germany.

List of Commanders
| Name | Country | Took office | Left office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Major General Jochen Both | Germany | July 2010 | July 2012 |
| Major General Pascal Valentin | France | July 2012 | July 2014 |
| Major General Christian Badia | Germany | July 2014 | July 2017 |
| Major General Pascal Chiffoleau | France | July 2017 | September 2018 |
| Major General Laurent Marboeuf | France | September 2018 | September 2020 |
| Major General Andreas Schick | Germany | September 2020 | September 2023 |
| Major General Franck Mollard | France | September 2023 | Present |

List of Deputy Commanders
| Name | Country | Took office | Left office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Brigadier General Alain Rouceau | France | July 2010 | July 2012 |
| Brigadier General Jörg Lebert | Germany | July 2012 | July 2014 |
| Brigadier General Pascal Chiffoleau | France | July 2014 | July 2017 |
| Brigadier General Andreas Schick | Germany | July 2017 | September 2020 |
| Brigadier General Paul Desair | Belgium | September 2020 | December 2023 |
| Brigadier General Patrick Mollet | Belgium | January 2023 | January 2024 |
| Major General José Luis Ortiz-Cañavate Levenfeld | Spain | February 2024 | Present |

### Multinational Air Transport Committee

The Multinational Air Transport Committee (MATraC) is the highest level of decision-making, composed of the air chiefs of the member states. The chairman of the committee is chosen among the air chiefs for a two-year term.

### Advisory Group

The Advisory Group meets on a regular basis and is composed of representatives of each member nation. The group prepares the MATraC meetings and advises the EATC Commander in implementing commonly decided policy. Expert groups may be set up on an ad hoc basis. They report to the Advisory Group.

### Budget and Finance Committee

The Budget and Finance Committee comprises one representative from each member nation. The committee prepares the EATC budget and advises the MATraC on all budget and financial matters.

## Fleet

EATC fleet (March 2018)

Fleet (November 2022)
| Aircraft | Belgium | Luxembourg | Germany | Italy | France | Netherlands | Spain | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Airbus A310 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Airbus A321 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Airbus A330 MRTT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 7 | 3 | 18 |
| Airbus A330 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Airbus A400M Atlas | 6 | 1 | 38 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 11 | 75 |
| Alenia C-27J Spartan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| Boeing KC-767 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| CASA/IPTN CN-235 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 27 |
| Dassault Falcon 7X | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| EADS CASA C-295 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 13 |
| Gulfstream IV | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Lockheed C-130 Hercules | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 4 | 0 | 18 |
| Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules | 0 | 0 | 3 | 20 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 25 |
| Lockheed Martin KC-130 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Total | 8 | 1 | 43 | 31 | 75 | 12 | 29 | 200 |

## Coat of arms

Based on the given description, the blazon is: Argent, a terrestrial globe Azure encircled by twelve mullets Or and charged in pale with the letters "EATC" Or and a bridge Argent. Blue is the main colour of the Flag of Europe, and represents the sky, which is the general domain of air forces. The bridge symbolises the creation of connections and the overcoming of gaps and distances, and is something which can be used to reach far shores quickly and safely which is the core business of military air transport. The lettering is the abbreviation of the command. The globe expresses the global reach of air bridges. The 12 mullets are also drawn from the European Flag, and are considered a symbol of completeness and perfection.

## Relationship with EU defence policy

The EATC is presently not established at the EU level (referred to as the Common Security and Defence Policy, CSDP); it is for instance not a project of the Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) of the CSDP. The EATC and its assets may however contribute in the implementation of the CSDP, when made available as a *multinational force* in accordance with article 42.3 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU).

1. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2015.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
2. Eindhoven regelt internationale militaire luchtvaart (in Dutch)
3. "Claude-France Arnould Visits EATC Headquarters". *www.eda.europa.eu*.
4. "GEN". Consilium.europa.eu. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
5. "p. 37" (PDF). Retrieved 13 February 2012.
6. "p. 37". Retrieved 13 February 2012.
7. "p. 38". Retrieved 13 February 2012.
8. "Luxembourg joined the EATC - articles - EATC | European Air Transport Command". Archived from the original on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
9. "Spain is now member of the EATC - Articles - EATC | European Air Transport Command". Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
10. "Europe's Air Transport Command Agreements". Defenseindustrydaily.com. 21 November 2011. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
11. http://eatc-mil.com/user\_uploads/page\_contents/downloads/EATC%20fleet%202017%2021-09-2017.jpg
12. "Spain to join EATC next summer - Articles - EATC | European Air Transport Command". Archived from the original on 8 January 2018. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
13. "EATC Change of Command". 12 July 2012. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2013. The change of command from German Major General Jochen Both to French Major General Pascal Valentin is being done – on command of the Dutch Air Force Commander and Chairman of the Multinational Air Transport Committee (MATraC), Lieutenant General Alexander Schnitger. \[..\] The positions either of Commander and Chief of staff rotate as planned every two years between Germany and France
14. "EATC welcomes the new commander". 3 September 2018.
15. "EATC fleet and bases". European Air Transport Command. 5 May 2018.
16. "Coat of arms - EATC | European Air Transport Command". Archived from the original on 27 October 2012. Retrieved 27 May 2012.

51°27′00″N 005°22′28″E / 51.45000°N 5.37444°E / 51.45000; 5.37444

## InfoBox

| European Air Transport Command | |
| --- | --- |
| EATC insignia | |
| Active | since 1 July 2010
(predecessor founded September 2001) |
| Country | Belgium
France
Germany
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Spain |
| Allegiance | European Union (made available to the Common Security and Defence Policy in accordance with TEU, Article 42.3) |
| Type | Military Air Transport |
| Role | multinational command center |
| Size | 160–200 |
| Garrison/HQ | Eindhoven Airbase |
| Motto(s) | Integrated, Innovative, Effective |
| Engagements | 2011 military intervention in Libya
2012 intervention in Mali |
| Website | eatc-mil.com |
| Commanders | |
| Current
commander | Major General Andreas Schick (Germany) |


title: 2014 Open GDF Suez Nantes Atlantique

abstract: The 2014 Open GDF Suez Nantes Atlantique is a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It is the 12th edition of the tournament which is part of the 2014 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000+H in prize money. It takes place in Nantes, France between 27 October to 2 November 2014.

text:
# 2014 Open GDF Suez Nantes Atlantique

The **2014 Open GDF Suez Nantes Atlantique** is a professional tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts. It is the 12th edition of the tournament which is part of the 2014 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000+H in prize money. It takes place in Nantes, France between 27 October to 2 November 2014.

## Singles main-draw entrants

### Seeds

| Country | Player | Rank1 | Seed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| SVK | Anna Schmiedlová | 73 | 1 |
| FRA | Pauline Parmentier | 74 | 2 |
| BEL | Alison Van Uytvanck | 76 | 3 |
| ESP | Lara Arruabarrena | 82 | 4 |
| CZE | Kateřina Siniaková | 86 | 5 |
| CZE | Tereza Smitková | 92 | 6 |
| BLR | Aliaksandra Sasnovich | 95 | 7 |
| UKR | Lesia Tsurenko | 98 | 8 |

* 1 Rankings are as of October 20, 2014

### Other entrants

The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:

The following player received entry from a lucky loser spot:

## Champions

### Singles

### Doubles

## InfoBox

| 2014 Open GDF Suez Nantes Atlantique | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 27 October–2 November |
| Edition | 12th |
| Category | ITF Women's Circuit |
| Prize money | 50,000+H |
| Surface | Hard / Indoor |
| Location | Nantes, France |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Kateřina Siniaková | |
| Doubles | |
| Lyudmyla Kichenok /  Nadiia Kichenok | |
|  | |


title: 1968 in Canada

abstract: Events from the year 1968 in Canada.

text:
# 1968 in Canada

Events from the year **1968 in Canada**.

## Incumbents

### Crown

### Federal government

### Provincial governments

#### Lieutenant governors

#### Premiers

### Territorial governments

#### Commissioners

## Events

### January to June

### July to December

### Full date unknown

## Arts and literature

### New works

### Poetry

### Awards

### Theatre

### Art

## Sport

## Births

### January to March

### April to June

### July to September

### October to December

## Deaths

1. "Queen Elizabeth II | The Canadian Encyclopedia". *www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca*. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
2. Lentz, Harris M. (4 February 2014). *Heads of States and Governments Since 1945*. Routledge. p. 143. ISBN 978-1-134-26490-2.
3. Idiot box channeling the Prime Ministers
4. "Pierre Elliott Trudeau." Prime Minister of Canada. August 26, 2013. Accessed April 8, 2015.
5. Hubbard, Linda S.; Steen, Sara; O'Donnell, Owen (1989). *Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television*. Gale. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-8103-2070-3. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
6. "Celine Dion | Biography, Songs, Awards, & Facts". *Encyclopedia Britannica*. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
7. "Mary DEPIERO - Olympic Diving | Canada". *International Olympic Committee*. 17 June 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
8. Biographical information and career statistics from
9. Kuiper, Kathleen (1995). *Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature*. Springfield: Merriam-Webster. p. 498. ISBN 978-0-87779-042-6.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: |  |


title: 1925 Portuguese presidential election

text:
# 1925 Portuguese presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Portugal on 11 December 1925. Following Portugal's 1911 constitution, the Congress of the Republic must elect the president in Lisbon instead of the Portuguese people.

There were a total of seven candidates. Bernardino Machado won against his opponents and he was granted a second term as the President of Portugal.

## Results

| Candidate | | Party | First round | | Second round | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | | % | Votes | % |
|  | Bernardino Machado | Democratic | 124 | 70.86 | 148 | 93.08 |
|  | Duarte Leite | Republican Liberal | 33 | 18.86 | 5 | 3.14 |
|  | Francisco Gomes Teixeira | Republican Liberal | 5 | 2.86 |  | |
|  | José Jacinto Nunes | Republican Liberal | 5 | 2.86 |  | |
|  | António Maria de Bettencourt Rodrigues | Republican Liberal | 1 | 0.57 | 1 | 0.63 |
|  | Afonso Costa | Democratic | 1 | 0.57 |  | |
|  | Carlos Belo de Morais | Independent | 1 | 0.57 |  | |
| Blank votes | | | 5 | 2.86 | 5 | 3.14 |
| Total | | | 175 | 100.00 | 159 | 100.00 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Source: CPHRC | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

1925 Portuguese presidential election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Candidate **Bernardino Machado** Duarte Leite  Party Democratic PLR  Electoral vote **148** 5  Percentage **93.08%** 3.14% | |
| ---  **President before election**
Manuel Teixeira Gomes
Democratic **Elected President**
Bernardino Machado
Democratic | |


title: Epigomphus clavatus

abstract: Epigomphus clavatus is a species of dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It is endemic to Guatemala. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Epigomphus clavatus

***Epigomphus clavatus*** is a species of dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It is endemic to Guatemala. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Epigomphus clavatus* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Odonata |
| Infraorder: | Anisoptera |
| Family: | Gomphidae |
| Genus: | *Epigomphus* |
| Species: | ***E. clavatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Epigomphus clavatus***
Belle, 1980 | |
|


title: 1936 in Denmark

abstract: Events from the year 1936 in Denmark.

text:
# 1936 in Denmark

Events from the year **1936 in Denmark**.

## Incumbents

## Events

### Undated

## Sports

### Cycling

### Football

## Births

### JanuaryMarch

### AprilJune

### JulySeptember

* 17 September – Jan Gehl, architect, urban planner

### OctoberDecember

## Deaths

### JanuaryMarch

### AprilJune

### JulySeptember

### OctoberDecember

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: | Other events of 1936<br>List of years in Denmark |


title: Arrondissement of Lille

abstract: The arrondissement of Lille is an arrondissement of France in the Nord department in the Hauts-de-France region. It has 124 communes. Its population is 1,237,472 (2016), and its area is 879.5 km⁲ (339.6 sq mi).

text:
# Arrondissement of Lille

The **arrondissement of Lille** is an arrondissement of France in the Nord department in the Hauts-de-France region. It has 124 communes. Its population is 1,237,472 (2016), and its area is 879.5 km2 (339.6 sq mi).

## Composition

The communes of the arrondissement of Lille, and their INSEE codes, are:

1. Allennes-les-Marais (59005)
2. Annœullin (59011)
3. Anstaing (59013)
4. Armentières (59017)
5. Attiches (59022)
6. Aubers (59025)
7. Avelin (59034)
8. Bachy (59042)
9. Baisieux (59044)
10. La Bassée (59051)
11. Bauvin (59052)
12. Beaucamps-Ligny (59056)
13. Bersée (59071)
14. Bois-Grenier (59088)
15. Bondues (59090)
16. Bourghelles (59096)
17. Bousbecque (59098)
18. Bouvines (59106)
19. Camphin-en-Carembault (59123)
20. Camphin-en-Pévèle (59124)
21. Capinghem (59128)
22. Cappelle-en-Pévèle (59129)
23. Carnin (59133)
24. La Chapelle-d'Armentières (59143)
25. Chemy (59145)
26. Chéreng (59146)
27. Cobrieux (59150)
28. Comines (59152)
29. Croix (59163)
30. Cysoing (59168)
31. Deûlémont (59173)
32. Don (59670)
33. Emmerin (59193)
34. Englos (59195)
35. Ennetières-en-Weppes (59196)
36. Ennevelin (59197)
37. Erquinghem-le-Sec (59201)
38. Erquinghem-Lys (59202)
39. Escobecques (59208)
40. Faches-Thumesnil (59220)
41. Forest-sur-Marque (59247)
42. Fournes-en-Weppes (59250)
43. Frelinghien (59252)
44. Fretin (59256)
45. Fromelles (59257)
46. Genech (59258)
47. Gondecourt (59266)
48. Gruson (59275)
49. Hallennes-lez-Haubourdin (59278)
50. Halluin (59279)
51. Hantay (59281)
52. Haubourdin (59286)
53. Hem (59299)
54. Herlies (59303)
55. Herrin (59304)
56. Houplin-Ancoisne (59316)
57. Houplines (59317)
58. Illies (59320)
59. Lambersart (59328)
60. Lannoy (59332)
61. Leers (59339)
62. Lesquin (59343)
63. Lezennes (59346)
64. Lille (59350)
65. Linselles (59352)
66. Lompret (59356)
67. Loos (59360)
68. Louvil (59364)
69. Lys-lez-Lannoy (59367)
70. La Madeleine (59368)
71. Le Maisnil (59371)
72. Marcq-en-Barœul (59378)
73. Marquette-lez-Lille (59386)
74. Marquillies (59388)
75. Mérignies (59398)
76. Moncheaux (59408)
77. Mons-en-Barœul (59410)
78. Mons-en-Pévèle (59411)
79. Mouchin (59419)
80. Mouvaux (59421)
81. La Neuville (59427)
82. Neuville-en-Ferrain (59426)
83. Noyelles-lès-Seclin (59437)
84. Ostricourt (59452)
85. Pérenchies (59457)
86. Péronne-en-Mélantois (59458)
87. Phalempin (59462)
88. Pont-à-Marcq (59466)
89. Prémesques (59470)
90. Provin (59477)
91. Quesnoy-sur-Deûle (59482)
92. Radinghem-en-Weppes (59487)
93. Ronchin (59507)
94. Roncq (59508)
95. Roubaix (59512)
96. Sailly-lez-Lannoy (59522)
97. Sainghin-en-Mélantois (59523)
98. Sainghin-en-Weppes (59524)
99. Saint-André-lez-Lille (59527)
100. Salomé (59550)
101. Santes (59553)
102. Seclin (59560)
103. Sequedin (59566)
104. Templemars (59585)
105. Templeuve-en-Pévèle (59586)
106. Thumeries (59592)
107. Toufflers (59598)
108. Tourcoing (59599)
109. Tourmignies (59600)
110. Tressin (59602)
111. Vendeville (59609)
112. Verlinghem (59611)
113. Villeneuve-d'Ascq (59009)
114. Wahagnies (59630)
115. Wambrechies (59636)
116. Wannehain (59638)
117. Warneton (59643)
118. Wasquehal (59646)
119. Wattignies (59648)
120. Wattrelos (59650)
121. Wavrin (59653)
122. Wervicq-Sud (59656)
123. Wicres (59658)
124. Willems (59660)

## History

The arrondissement of Lille was created in 1800.

As a result of the reorganisation of the cantons of France which came into effect in 2015, the borders of the cantons are no longer related to the borders of the arrondissements. The cantons of the arrondissement of Lille were, as of January 2015:

1. Armentières
2. La Bassée
3. Cysoing
4. Haubourdin
5. Lannoy
6. Lille-Centre
7. Lille-Est
8. Lille-Nord
9. Lille-Nord-Est
10. Lille-Ouest
11. Lille-Sud
12. Lille-Sud-Est
13. Lille-Sud-Ouest
14. Lomme
15. Marcq-en-Barœul
16. Pont-à-Marcq
17. Quesnoy-sur-Deûle
18. Roubaix-Centre
19. Roubaix-Est
20. Roubaix-Nord
21. Roubaix-Ouest
22. Seclin-Nord
23. Seclin-Sud
24. Tourcoing-Nord
25. Tourcoing-Nord-Est
26. Tourcoing-Sud
27. Villeneuve-d'Ascq-Nord
28. Villeneuve-d'Ascq-Sud

50°37′N 3°4′E / 50.617°N 3.067°E / 50.617; 3.067

## InfoBox

| Lille | |
| --- | --- |
| Arrondissement | |
| Location within the region Hauts-de-France | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Hauts-de-France |
| Department | Nord |
| No. of communes | 124 |
| Prefecture | Lille |
| Area | 879.5 km2 (339.6 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 1,260,060 |
| Density | 1,433/km2 (3,710/sq mi) |
| INSEE code | 595 |


title: Batman/The Spirit

abstract: Batman/The Spirit is a 2007 one-shot comic book written by Jeph Loeb with art by Darwyn Cooke and J. Bone. Published by DC Comics, the comic is a crossover between Batman and the Spirit.

text:
# Batman/The Spirit

***Batman/The Spirit*** is a 2007 one-shot comic book written by Jeph Loeb with art by Darwyn Cooke and J. Bone. Published by DC Comics, the comic is a crossover between Batman and the Spirit.

## Plot summary

When the American Criminologist Association (police officers from Gotham City and Central City) holds its annual convention in Hawaii, America's criminals hold a gathering of their own Crime Convention. Batman teams up with the Spirit, and together, put an end to the villains' plan for mayhem and disaster.

## Awards

*Batman/The Spirit* won the 2007 Eisner Award for Best Single Issue. Colorist Dave Stewart won the Eisner for Best Coloring in part for his work on *Batman/The Spirit*.

Darwyn Cooke won the 2007 Joe Shuster Award for Outstanding Artist for both *Batman/The Spirit* and his *The Spirit* ongoing series which followed.

## Collected editions

*Batman/The Spirit* is included in the trade paperback *Will Eisner's The Spirit Vol. 1* (ISBN 1401214614).

## InfoBox

| *Batman/The Spirit* | |
| --- | --- |
| Textless cover of *Batman/The Spirit*, art by Darwyn Cooke. | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | DC Comics |
| Format | One-shot |
| Publication date | January 2007 |
| No. of issues | 1 |
| Main character(s) | Batman<br>The Spirit |
| Creative team | |
| Written by | Jeph Loeb |
| Penciller(s) | Darwyn Cooke |
| Inker(s) | J. Bone |
| Letterer(s) | Comicraft |
| Colorist(s) | Dave Stewart |
| Editor(s) | Mark Chiarello |
| Collected editions | |
| *Will Eisner's The Spirit Vol. 1* | ISBN 1-4012-1461-4 |


title: 10th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)

abstract: The 10th Armoured Division was an armoured formation of division-size of the British Army, raised during the Second World War and was active from 1941–1944 and after the war from 1956–1957. It was formed from the 1st Cavalry Division, a 1st Line Yeomanry unit of the Territorial Army (TA) which had previously been serving in Palestine. The division was converted from cavalry to armour and redesignated from 1 August 1941.

text:
# 10th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)

The **10th Armoured Division** was an armoured formation of division-size of the British Army, raised during the Second World War and was active from 1941–1944 and after the war from 1956–1957. It was formed from the 1st Cavalry Division, a 1st Line Yeomanry unit of the Territorial Army (TA) which had previously been serving in Palestine. The division was converted from cavalry to armour and redesignated from 1 August 1941.

## History

The divisional sign was a fox's mask, representing the hunting tradition of the formation's cavalry and Yeomanry units. The division was originally under command of HQ British Troops Palestine and Transjordan, but transferred to Ninth Army when the headquarters was redesignated on 1 November 1941. It was later transferred into Egypt, serving under HQ Middle East, XXX Corps, British Eighth Army, and X Corps. The division fought at the Battles of Alam Halfa and El Alamein. It was disbanded on 15 June 1944 in Egypt.

The 10th Armoured Division was also briefly active after the war ended in Libya in the 1950s, incorporating 25th Armoured Brigade, but was disbanded in July 1957. The 25th Armoured Brigade was formed in 1952 to provide an operational headquarters for the troops in Libya. Also 1st RTR & 3rd RHA in Canal Zone, Egypt 1954/56 (Not listed on Orbat site). The Royal Scots Greys arrived in Libya in 1952, and stayed until 1955. Other units of the brigade from 1952 were the 4th/7th Royal Dragoon Guards, 1st Battalion, Grenadier Guards, 1st Battalion, East Surrey Regiment, 3rd Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery and the 14th/20th King's Hussars. Also the Queens Bays at Sabratha 5th Royal Tank Regiment became part of 25th Armd Bde Gp in Cyrenaica from December 1954 to March 1957 .

In May and June 1956 the brigade was hastily expanded to division status as 10th Armoured Division, with the intention of invading Egypt from the west during the Suez Canal Crisis. Planning was halted when it was found that such an invasion was banned under the terms of Britain's treaty with Libya. The Armoured Brigade Signals Squadron was expanded to 10th Armd Div Signals in May–June 1956, based in Tripoli. It began to wind up in April 1957, and disbanded completely in September 1957.

From 1948 to 1957 22 Engineer Regiment was in Libya, with a short stint in Egypt in October 1951 . It was under the command of 1st Infantry Division and 10th Armoured Division.

5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards was at Wavell Barracks, Benghazi from December 1965, operating armoured cars, with "A" Squadron at Ziyyi Camp in Cyprus, until the end of 1967.

## General Officer Commanding

| **Appointed** | **General Officer Commanding** |
| --- | --- |
| 1 August 1941 | Major-General John Clark |
| 26 June 1942 | Major-General Alexander Gatehouse |
| 18 December 1942 | Major-General Charles Norman |
| 12 January 1943 | Major-General Horace Birks |
| 1955 | Major-General Rodney Moore |

## Order of battle

The 10th Armoured Division was constituted as follows during the war:

**8th Armoured Brigade** (*left 16 February 1942, rejoined 27 March 1942, left 30 June 1942, rejoined 17 July 1942, left 21 November 1942*)

**9th Armoured Brigade** (*from 9 October 1941, left 25 March 1942, rejoined 14 November 1942, left 27 May 1943*)

**7th Armoured Brigade** (*from 3 June 1943, left 11 April 1944*)

**23rd Armoured Brigade** (*from 1 June 1944, left 14 June 1944*)

**7th Motor Brigade** (*from 12 September 1942, left 23 September 1942*)

* 2nd Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps
* 2nd Battalion, Rifle Brigade (The Prince Consort's Own)
* 7th Battalion, Rifle Brigade (The Prince Consort's Own)

**133rd Lorried Infantry Brigade** (*from 29 September 1942, left 25 November 1942*)

**201st Guards Motor Brigade** (*from 9 January 1943, left 1 February 1943*)

**Divisional Troops**

**Royal Armoured Corps**

**Royal Engineers**

* 2nd Field Squadron, Royal Engineers (*from 21 November 1941, left 10 June 1943*)
* 3rd Field Squadron, Royal Engineers (*from 22 September 1942, left 15 May 1944*)
* 622nd Field Squadron, Royal Engineers (*from 11 June 1943, left 31 May 1944*)
* 141st Field Park Squadron, Royal Engineers (*from 20 November 1941, left 1 April 1944*)
* 6th Bridging Troop, Royal Engineers (*from 20 November 1943, left 1 April 1944*)

**Royal Corps of Signals**

10th Armoured Divisional Signals, Royal Corps of Signals

**Royal Artillery**

Footnotes Citations  1. Cole p. 34
2. Joslen, p. 25
3. Joslen, p. 129
4. Joslen, p. 7
5. Joslen, p. 26
6. "10th Armoured Division". *Orders of Battle.com*., accessed October 2011
7. Doherty, Richard (2013). *British Armoured Divisions and their Commanders, 1939-1945*. Pen and Sword. p. 233. ISBN 978-1848848382.
8. "WN1-10053 British War Office". austinchamp.com. Archived from the original on 14 March 2008.
9. Hansard, March 1958
10. Orbat.com, Order of Battle, British Army, 1952 Archived 28 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine
11. "Britain, Libya and the Suez Crisis", Journal of Strategic Studies, April 2007.
12. Cliff Lord, Graham Watson, The Royal Corps of Signals, 2004, p. 47
13. Mead, p. 101
14. Army Commands Archived 5 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine
15. Joslen, p. 160
16. Joslen, p. 162
17. Joslen, p. 158
18. Joslen, p. 179
19. Joslen, p. 244
20. Joslen, p. 319
21. Joslen, p. 265
* Cole, Howard (1973). *Formation Badges of World War 2. Britain, Commonwealth and Empire*. London: Arms and Armour Press.
* Joslen, Lieutenant-Colonel H.F. (1960) \[1960\]. *Orders of Battle Second World War 1939–1945*. Naval & Military Press Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84342-474-1.
* Mead, Richard (2007). *Churchill's Lions: A biographical guide to the key British generals of World War II*. Stroud (UK): Spellmount. ISBN 978-1-86227-431-0.

## InfoBox

| 10th Armoured Division | |
| --- | --- |
| Formation sign of the 10th Armoured Division. | |
| Active | 1 August 1941 – 15 June 1944
1956–1957 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | British Army |
| Type | Armoured |
| Size | **Second World War**
13,225–14,964 men
186 tanks |
| Garrison/HQ | Western Desert
Tripoli |
| Engagements | North African Campaign |
| Battle honours | 30 August–7 September 1942 Alam el Halfa
23 October–4 November 1942 El Alamein |
| Commanders | |
| Notable
commanders | Alexander Gatehouse |


title: 1977–78 Midland Football League

abstract: The 1977–78 Midland Football League was the 78th in the history of the Midland Football League, a football competition in England.

text:
# 1977–78 Midland Football League

The **1977–78 Midland Football League** was the 78th in the history of the Midland Football League, a football competition in England.

## Premier Division

The Premier Division featured 18 clubs which competed in the previous season, no new clubs joined the division this season.

### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Brigg Town | 32 | 26 | 5 | 1 | 70 | 23 | +47 | 57 |  |
| 2 | Eastwood Town | 32 | 20 | 5 | 7 | 66 | 29 | +37 | | 45 |
| 3 | Louth United | 32 | 18 | 8 | 6 | 77 | 54 | +23 | | 44 |
| 4 | Alfreton Town | 32 | 20 | 2 | 10 | 52 | 37 | +15 | | 42 |
| 5 | Mexborough Town Athletic | 32 | 14 | 9 | 9 | 55 | 41 | +14 | | 37 |
| 6 | Boston | 32 | 15 | 5 | 12 | 50 | 37 | +13 | | 35 |
| 7 | Skegness Town | 32 | 12 | 9 | 11 | 52 | 48 | +4 | | 33 |
| 8 | Long Eaton United | 32 | 12 | 8 | 12 | 45 | 34 | +11 | | 32 |
| 9 | Belper Town | 32 | 9 | 13 | 10 | 39 | 42 | 3 | | 31 |
| 10 | Arnold | 32 | 11 | 8 | 13 | 42 | 51 | 9 | | 30 |
| 11 | Sutton Town | 32 | 10 | 9 | 13 | 43 | 50 | 7 | | 29 |
| 12 | Heanor Town | 32 | 8 | 11 | 13 | 40 | 50 | 10 | | 27 |
| 13 | Bridlington Trinity | 32 | 7 | 10 | 15 | 30 | 55 | 25 | | 24 |
| 14 | Retford Town | 32 | 8 | 6 | 18 | 49 | 74 | 25 | | 22 |
| 15 | Ashby Institute | 32 | 5 | 10 | 17 | 40 | 64 | 24 | | 20 |
| 16 | Ilkeston Town | 32 | 5 | 9 | 18 | 46 | 74 | 28 | | 19 |
| 17 | Kimberley Town | 32 | 5 | 7 | 20 | 33 | 66 | 33 | | 17 |
| 18 | Clifton All Whites | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Resigned from the league, record expunged |

Source: nonleaguematters
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
The points system until the 1990–91 season: 2 points for a win, 1 point for a draw and 0 points for losing.

## Division One

Midland Football League
Division One
| Season | 1977–78 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Staveley Works |
| Matches played | 272 |
| Goals scored | 906 (3.33 per match) |
| 1976–77 1978–79 | |

Division One featured 15 clubs which competed in the previous season, along with three new clubs:

### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Staveley Works | 32 | 21 | 5 | 6 | 87 | 26 | +61 | 47 |  |
| 2 | Linby Colliery | 32 | 21 | 4 | 7 | 78 | 29 | +49 | | 46 |
| 3 | Long Eaton Grange | 32 | 19 | 8 | 5 | 65 | 23 | +42 | | 46 |
| 4 | Carrvale United | 32 | 17 | 8 | 7 | 63 | 34 | +29 | | 42 |
| 5 | Ripley Town | 32 | 17 | 7 | 8 | 56 | 38 | +18 | | 41 |
| 6 | TI Chesterfield | 32 | 17 | 7 | 8 | 57 | 43 | +14 | | 41 |
| 7 | Oakham United | 32 | 17 | 3 | 12 | 50 | 43 | +7 | | 37 |
| 8 | Clay Cross Works | 32 | 15 | 5 | 12 | 52 | 47 | +5 | | 35 |
| 9 | Arnold reserves | 32 | 14 | 6 | 12 | 71 | 58 | +13 | | 34 |
| 10 | Arnold Kingswell | 32 | 12 | 8 | 12 | 47 | 42 | +5 | | 32 |
| 11 | Long Eaton United reserves | 32 | 14 | 4 | 14 | 42 | 40 | +2 | | 32 |
| 12 | Attenborough | 32 | 12 | 4 | 16 | 55 | 54 | +1 | | 28 |
| 13 | Eastwood Town reserves | 32 | 7 | 5 | 20 | 52 | 81 | 29 | | 19 |
| 14 | Dinnington Colliery | 32 | 7 | 5 | 20 | 34 | 65 | 31 | 19 | Resigned from the league |
| 15 | Ilkeston Town reserves | 32 | 7 | 4 | 21 | 31 | 71 | 40 | | 18 |
| 16 | Belper Town reserves | 32 | 5 | 5 | 22 | 38 | 90 | 52 | | 15 |
| 17 | Kimberley Town reserves | 32 | 4 | 4 | 24 | 28 | 122 | 94 | 12 |  |
| 18 | Clifton All Whites reserves | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Resigned from the league, record expunged |

Source: nonleaguematters
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
The points system until the 1990–91 season: 2 points for a win, 1 point for a draw and 0 points for losing.

## InfoBox

Midland Football League
Premier Division
| Season | 1977–78 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Brigg Town |
| Matches played | 272 |
| Goals scored | 829 (3.05 per match) |
| 1976–77 1978–79 | |


title: Art Delaney

abstract: Arthur Dewey Delaney was an American professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1924 to 1929 for the St. Louis Cardinals and Boston Braves.

text:
# Art Delaney

**Arthur Dewey Delaney** (January 5, 1897 – May 2, 1970) was an American professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1924 to 1929 for the St. Louis Cardinals and Boston Braves.

## InfoBox

| Art Delaney | |
| --- | --- |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:** (1897-01-05)January 5, 1897
Chicago, Illinois | |
| **Died:** May 2, 1970(1970-05-02) (aged 73)
Hayward, California | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| April 16, 1924, for the St. Louis Cardinals | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| September 27, 1929, for the Boston Braves | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Win–loss record | 13–22 |
| Earned run average | 4.26 |
| Strikeouts | 64 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Equity Library Theatre

abstract: The Equity Library Theatre (ELT) was a New York City theatre company active from 1943 until 1989.

text:
# Equity Library Theatre

The **Equity Library Theatre** (**ELT**) was a New York City theatre company active from 1943 until 1989.

## The original company

Founded in 1943 by Sam Jaffe, representing Actors' Equity, and George Freedley, at the time curator of the New York Public Library Theatre Collection, Equity Library Theatre was designed to provide a showcase for young actors, directors, and technicians and to create an audience from among those who could not afford commercial theatre. A non‐profit organization, it originally presented its plays at libraries and charged no admission but asked instead for a contribution to help sustain it. Beginning in 1949, it operated its own theatre, first at the Lenox Hill Playhouse and later at other auditoriums. Financial problems forced its closure during the 1989–90 season.

Since its founding, some 12,000 actors, directors, and stage technicians have worked for no pay in more than 600 company productions at Equity Library Theatre. The theater's philosophy was to mount nonprofit productions to provide exposure for actors seeking paying roles in commercial shows. Because a substantial number of actors obtained future paid acting jobs as a result of their appearances, as many as 700 people would show up to audition for each production. Actors who performed at the ELT early in their careers include Martin Balsam, John Cazale, Danny DeVito, Lee Grant, James Earl Jones, Richard Kiley, Sidney Poitier, Tony Randall, Jason Robards, Jean Stapleton, and Rod Steiger.

## The new Equity Library Theater

New York playwright and director Johnny Culver resurrected the name and ideals of ELT and currently provides new playwrights a chance to present their works in New York City library performance spaces, in a casual play festival format, at no cost to anyone. Many up-and-coming New York actors have performed with the new Equity Library Theater. The company performs at the New York Public Library's George Bruce Theater on West 125th street and at the Alvin Ailey Auditorium on West 115th Street. ELT holds an annual new play festival, free for all to participate. As of 2020, ELT has premiered more than 200 new plays.

In 2014, ELT produced a reading of David Garrick's *Catherine and Petruchio*, a rarely-performed 18th Century adaptation of Shakespeare's *The Taming of the Shrew*, as well as a presentation of short plays by John Ladd and KK Gordon. In 2015, they presented a reading of short plays by writers from the Provincetown Playhouse and other early 20th century NYC writers, including *Overtones* by Alice Gerstenberg, as well as a new play by Pamela Robbins, and a staged reading of *The Father*. The Village Light Opera Guild joined them for a musical cabaret in 2016 as a benefit. In December 2016, they presented *Songs of My Father*, short plays written by fathers of celebrated New York actors, and in early 2017, a reading of a screenplay by Tom Meade.

ELT has also created a "spinoff" company, the **Woodside Players of Queens**, which presents rare short plays from late-19th century Broadway at Queens Public Library branches. The Woodside Players produced a staged reading of *Keep Calm, Camilla*, a Broadway comedy from 1918, in the fall of 2017 at the ELT space at the Harry Belafonte branch of the NYPL. In December of that year, ELT presented a comedy by Cricket Daniel, *The Night Before the Night Before Christmas*, at the new NYPL branch on West 53rd Street. In 2018, ELT produced a reading of *The Retreat* by Enzo Gattuccio, *Aunt Maggie's Will* from 1910, and in the fall of 2018, a reading of a play by Carol Hollenbeck (Holland).The Woodside Players have been nominated for several Josephine awards and won last year for best director.

2019 and 2020 have been busy for ELT, with their online summer play festival, live and virtual readings, free online writing classes, and a new group, **Fifth Avenue Theatre of New York**, geared towards local (NYC) writers and their works. More information and events can be seen at www.equitylibrarytheater.info.

ELT is not associated with either the Actors' Equity Association or the Dramatists Guild of America.


title: Eric Daels

abstract: Eric Daels is a retired Belgian footballer.

text:
# Eric Daels

**Eric Daels** (born 4 August 1936 in Wevelgem, West Flanders) is a retired Belgian footballer.

## Career

Daels started playing football at the age of 14 with his local team SV Wevelgem. He soon made fame as a speedy forward. Daels was discovered by Club Brugge in a match against Wevelgem. Club got a hard time winning, and afterwards, Club Brugge coach Lucien Masyn insisted on the recruitment of Eric Daels in the blue and black ranks. However, the Club Brugge board considered the transfer fee too high. A few season later, Daels got his transfer to Bruges: Cercle Brugge bought the player. Daels made his debut for Cercle against White Star in a 3–1 home victory. He had an important role in Cercle winning Belgian Second Division that season.

Daels was transferred to Excelsior Mouscron after the 1964–65 season, a transfer Daels actually did not want. After 1 season at Mouscron and 3 seasons with White Star Lauwe, he became player-coach for SV Moorsele, KEG Gistel, HO Wingene and KWS Houthulst. After Daels quit his playing career, he became manager for FC Knokke, Club Roeselare, Daring Ruddervoorde, FC Moerkerke, SC Beernem and FC Varsenare.

## InfoBox

Eric Daels
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Eric Daels | | |
| Date of birth | (1936-08-04)4 August 1936 | | |
| Place of birth | Wevelgem, Belgium | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | SV Wevelgem | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | SV Wevelgem |  |  |
| 1960–1965 | Cercle Brugge | 98 | (34) |
| 1965–1966 | Excelsior Mouscron |  |  |
| 1966–1969 | WS Lauwe |  |  |
| 1969–1972 | SV Moorsele |  |  |
| 1972–1973 | KEG Gistel |  |  |
| 1973–1974 | HO Wingene |  |  |
| 1974–1975 | KWS Houthulst |  |  |
| International career | | | |
|  | Belgium | 0 | (0) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 1969–1972 | SV Moorsele | | |
| 1972–1973 | KEG Gistel | | |
| 1973–1974 | HO Wingene | | |
| 1974–1975 | KWS Houthulst | | |
| 1977–1979 | FC Knokke | | |
| 1979–1981 | Club Roeselare | | |
| 1981–1982 | Daring Ruddervoorde | | |
| 1982–1984 | FC Moerkerke | | |
| 1984–1985 | SC Beernem | | |
| 1985–1986 | FC Varsenare | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 24 October 2009<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 24 October 2009 | | | |


title: 13 Ceti

abstract: 13 Ceti is a triple star system in the equatorial constellation of Cetus. It is dimly visible to the naked eye with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 5.20. The system is located at a distance of approximately 69 light years from the Sun based on stellar parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +10.4 km/s. It shares a common motion with the Hyades moving group, although it is too old to be a member. This star was identified as a visual binary system by G. W. Hough in 1844 and given the identifier HO 212. The pair have an orbital period of 6.9 years and an eccentricity of 0.77. The brighter member, designated component A, is an F-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of F6 V and a visual magnitude of 5.61. It appears to have an active chromosphere and is classified as an RS Canum Venaticorum variable with a variable star designation of BU Cet. The star was detected as a source of soft X-ray emission by EXOSAT. It has 18% more mass than the Sun and is estimated to be about four billion years old. In 1907, E. B. Frost discovered the primary is a spectroscopic binary, making this a triple star system. This is a double-lined spectroscopic binary with a period of 2.1 days and a circularized orbit. The companion signature was confirmed using the separated fringe packet technique with the CHARA array. It is most likely a K-type main-sequence star with a class of K3.5 V and 70% of the mass of the Sun. The secondary member of the visual binary, designated component B, is a G-type main-sequence star with a class of G4 V. It has 90% of the Sun's mass and a visual magnitude of 6.90. A distant visual companion to this system was detected by S. W. Burnham in 1877. Designated component C, this star is a background object of magnitude 12.50. As of 1999, it was located at an angular separation of 24.0″ from the primary along a position angle of 322°.

text:
# 13 Ceti

**13 Ceti** is a triple star system in the equatorial constellation of Cetus. It is dimly visible to the naked eye with a combined apparent visual magnitude of 5.20. The system is located at a distance of approximately 69 light years from the Sun based on stellar parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +10.4 km/s. It shares a common motion with the Hyades moving group, although it is too old to be a member.

This star was identified as a visual binary system by G. W. Hough in 1844 and given the identifier HO 212. The pair have an orbital period of 6.9 years and an eccentricity of 0.77. The brighter member, designated component A, is an F-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of F6 V and a visual magnitude of 5.61. It appears to have an active chromosphere and is classified as an RS Canum Venaticorum variable with a variable star designation of BU Cet. The star was detected as a source of soft X-ray emission by EXOSAT. It has 18% more mass than the Sun and is estimated to be about four billion years old.

In 1907, E. B. Frost discovered the primary is a spectroscopic binary, making this a triple star system. This is a double-lined spectroscopic binary with a period of 2.1 days and a circularized orbit. The companion signature was confirmed using the separated fringe packet technique with the CHARA array. It is most likely a K-type main-sequence star with a class of K3.5 V and 70% of the mass of the Sun.

The secondary member of the visual binary, designated component B, is a G-type main-sequence star with a class of G4 V. It has 90% of the Sun's mass and a visual magnitude of 6.90. A distant visual companion to this system was detected by S. W. Burnham in 1877. Designated component C, this star is a background object of magnitude 12.50. As of 1999, it was located at an angular separation of 24.0 from the primary along a position angle of 322°.

## InfoBox

13 Ceti
|
A light curve for BU Ceti, plotted from *TESS* data | |
| --- | --- |
| Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 | |
| Constellation | Cetus |
|
| Right ascension | 00h 35m 14.87968s |
| Declination | −03° 35 34.2367 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 5.20 (5.61 + 6.90) |
| Characteristics | |
| Evolutionary stage | Main sequence |
| Spectral type | F6 V + G4 V + K3.5 V |
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| B−V color index | 0.567±0.008 |
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| Variable type | RS CVn |
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| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | +10.37±0.40 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: +408.34 mas/yr
Dec.: −35.22 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 47.05 ± 0.67 mas |
| **Distance** | 69.3 ± 1.0 ly
(21.3 ± 0.3 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | 3.56 |
|  | |
| Orbit | |
| **Primary** | A |
| **Companion** | B |
| **Period (P)** | 2,516.6163±2.7808 d |
| **Eccentricity (e)** | 0.77300 |
| **Periastron epoch (T)** | 56,935.2034 MJD |
| **Argument of periastron (ω)**
(secondary) | 283.8°° |
| Orbit | |
| **Primary** | Aa |
| **Companion** | Ab |
| **Period (P)** | 2.081891±0.000005 d |
| **Semi-major axis (a)** | ≥1.260±0.010 Mm |
| **Eccentricity (e)** | 0.0 (fixed) |
| **Periastron epoch (T)** | 2,443,400.4573±0.0032 HJD |
| **Argument of periastron (ω)**
(secondary) | 0.0° |
| **Semi-amplitude** (K1)
(primary) | 43.98±0.39 km/s |
| Details | |
| Aa | |
| **Mass** | 1.18±0.09 |
| **Luminosity** | 2.63 |
| **Temperature** | 6,457 |
| **Age** | 3.8+1.8
−0.3 Gyr |
| B | |
| **Mass** | 0.90±0.09 |
| **Luminosity** | 0.83 |
| **Temperature** | 5,754 |
| **Age** | 2.5 Gyr |
| Other designations | |
| HO 212, 13 Cet, BU Cet, NSV 212, BD−04°62, GC 696, GJ 23, HD 3196, HIP 2762, HR 142, SAO 128839, WDS 00352-0336 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |