title: Amax Eagle

abstract: The Amax Eagle is an Australian autogyro that was designed and produced by Amax Engineering of Donvale, Victoria, introduced in the early 1990s. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

text:
# Amax Eagle

The **Amax Eagle** is an Australian autogyro that was designed and produced by Amax Engineering of Donvale, Victoria, introduced in the early 1990s. Now out of production, when it was available the aircraft was supplied as a kit for amateur construction.

## Design and development

The Eagle was designed to comply with amateur-built aircraft rules. It features a single main rotor, a single-seat open cockpit without a windshield, tricycle landing gear without wheel pants and a four-cylinder, liquid-cooled, four-stroke, single-ignition 110 hp (82 kW) Subaru EA81 automotive engine in pusher configuration.

The aircraft fuselage is made from welded 4130 steel tubing with some aluminum parts. Its two-bladed rotor has a diameter of 26.00 ft (7.9 m). The aircraft has a typical empty weight of 410 lb (190 kg) and a gross weight of 850 lb (390 kg), giving a useful load of 440 lb (200 kg). With full fuel of 12 U.S. gallons (45 L; 10.0 imp gal) the payload for the pilot and baggage is 368 lb (167 kg).

The standard day, sea level, no wind, take off with a 110 hp (82 kW) engine is 100 ft (30 m) and the landing roll is 10 ft (3 m).

The manufacturer estimated the construction time from the supplied kit as 100 hours.

The Eagle was later developed into the Eagle TT ("Tall Tail"). The Eagle TT has higher landing gear allowing the engine to be placed on the vertical center of gravity which eliminates pitch changes with throttle application.

## Operational history

The Eagle won *Most Outstanding Design* at the 1992 Popular Rotorcraft Association annual convention in Brookville, Ohio, United States.

The design is widely employed in Australia for cattle mustering.

## Specifications (Eagle)

*Data from* Purdy

**General characteristics**

* **Crew:** one
* **Length:** 10 ft 0 in (3.05 m)
* **Empty weight:** 410 lb (186 kg)
* **Gross weight:** 850 lb (386 kg)
* **Fuel capacity:** 12 U.S. gallons (45 L; 10.0 imp gal)
* **Powerplant:** 1 × Subaru EA81 four cylinder, liquid-cooled, four stroke automotive engine, 110 hp (82 kW)
* **Main rotor diameter:** 26 ft 0 in (7.92 m)
* **Main rotor area:** 531 sq ft (49.3 m2)
* **Propellers:** 3-bladed ground adjustable, composite

**Performance**

* **Maximum speed:** 90 mph (140 km/h, 78 kn)
* **Cruise speed:** 70 mph (110 km/h, 61 kn)
* **Range:** 300 mi (480 km, 260 nmi)
* **Service ceiling:** 14,000 ft (4,300 m)
* **Rate of climb:** 1,500 ft/min (7.6 m/s)
* **Disk loading:** 1.6 lb/sq ft (7.8 kg/m2)

## InfoBox

| Eagle | |
| --- | --- |
| Role | Autogyro |
| National origin | Australia |
| Manufacturer | Amax Engineering |
| Status | Production completed |
| Variants | Amax Eagle TT |


title: Amawihon

abstract: Amawihon is a village in the commune of Parakou in the Borgou Department of central-eastern Benin. It is located north of the city centre.

text:
# Amawihon

**Amawihon**  is a village in the commune of Parakou in the Borgou Department of central-eastern Benin. It is located north of the city centre.

## InfoBox

| Amawihon | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| AmawihonLocation in Benin | |
| Coordinates: 9°22′N 2°37′E / 9.367°N 2.617°E / 9.367; 2.617 | |
| Country | Benin |
| Department | Borgou Department |
| Commune | Parakou |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (WAT) |


title: Amawom

abstract: Amawom is a town in Oboro, Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria. The name is derived from two words; Ama meaning location and Awom meaning farm. Amawom is believed to have been discovered in the 18th century. Awom Oboro and Ibeuzo Ukwu are the autonomous communities of Amawom. English and Igbo are the languages spoken in the town.

text:
# Amawom

**Amawom** is a town in Oboro, Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria. The name is derived from two words*; Ama* meaning location and *Awom* meaning farm. Amawom is believed to have been discovered in the 18th century. Awom Oboro and Ibeuzo Ukwu are the autonomous communities of Amawom. English and Igbo are the languages spoken in the town.

## History

Amawom is made up of 10 villages namely; Mgbaja, Agbommiri, Umuobia, Mbachukwu, Umuokom, Mbakamanu, Mbaisara, Aga, Amaya and Aruamaeke.

History had it that the present composition of Amawom has not always been so, but that the different villages migrated from different areas to the present settlement. The present harmony in culture is as a result of age long years of social and cultural interaction. In the pre-colonial days when there were still vast unoccupied lands in different areas, people migrated from one location to another in search of better conditions of living. This could either be in quest for better land, portable water or just a more accommodating space. This movement could also be as a result of inter-tribal squabbles and wars. Such conditions aforementioned necessitated the migration of the present inhabitants of Amawom from their previous locations. Oral tradition has it that the first settlers in Amawom are the Mgbajas. They migrated and settled with other settlers first at Olori Oboro where presently there is a customary court. It is said that at a point in time, a member of one of the nuclear families in Olori called Igbo Nwanyi owned a cow. This cow grazed freely in the surrounding bushes. A time came when there was a drought and water became scarce. The cow started going long distances, sometimes staying some days out before returning home. They noticed however that each time the cow returned, it carried white clay (nzu) on its legs. So they suspected that there must be a stream wherever the cow went to drink water. With this reasoning, Igbo Nwanyi sent his slaves to trail the cow in its next grazing journey. The slaves followed the cow and were led to a stream where they saw earlier foot prints of the cow. The slaves reported back to their master, who then took his family and slaves and settled near the stream which he called ‘Iyi Ukwu” (big stream). That first spot in which they settled had many umbrella-like trees called ‘Uru’. Hence, the place is called ‘Mbara Uru' (Uru Arena). This spot consequently became the center for all socio-cultural and commercial activities in Amawom. The Mgbaja being the earliest settlers have the status of the first son (opara) in Amawom. After the Mgbajas, came another group migrating from Bende. They settled near Mgbaja and are known as Agbommiri. This reflects the location of the village acting as the water receptacle of the town (‘ndi mmiri na ebulatari aku’) as all waterfalls drain towards Agbommiri. Umuobia, the third settlers came from Ohokobe Ndume. Their ancestor, Obia settled north of Mgbaja. The people still maintain some links with their kinsmen at Ohokobe Ndume as they exchange visits during festivals. The next after Umuobia was Mbaisara. They migrated from Iyalu in Ibere. Next in sequence was Aga. They migrated from Bende too. The first man to settle from Ndiokoro Ukwu Bende in Aga was Maazi Ikpo. He as a result of a minor misunderstanding arising from the inception of exalted beings to hold and control certain offices of serving their juju which he was against, left to settle somewhere which he located at Ukpom Bende where he had old friends who previously occupied the town before him. He settled with his two sons; Amaobi and Nwulu. They later continued their journey leaving majority of their relatives at Ukpom Bende and finally settling at Amawom. He was a prominent farmer and blacksmith, he produced hoes, cutlasses and local guns. He acquired enough land for his descendants. Aga came with her own culture. Every child born in Aga must unfailingly have a nickname. This does not cause any dispute among them. It is inherited from their ancestors. After Aga followed, the Mbachukwu were next, they also migrated from Bende. Then followed the Mbakamanu, their ancestors first settled at Ekebedi in Oboro from where they eventually settled in Amawom at last. The next was Umuokom, their ancestor Okom, migrated from Mbom in Ibeku. The next was Amaya. They migrated from Isiala Oboro, formerly called Mbiopong. The last settlers were the Aru Amaeke people. They migrated from Arochukwu.

## Culture

Amawom is a town rich in culture. According to their customs, the hamlets share their rites commonly in order of merit in their activities holding in Amawom. Festivals in Amawom include: Igba Mgba, Iri Iji, Igbu Ehi, Uju Agbala, Igba Ikoro, Uju Ede, Iri Ero, Isi Okonko, Egwu Ikpa, Inya Agwo, Izu Ahia, Igba Ekpe etc. Among the cultural heritage of Amawom people is the Ekpe festival which has its climax at the beheading of a goat with one stroke of a matchet by a masquerade.

## Economy

Economically, Amawom is rich. They have enough farmland in which they cultivate to produce different kinds of food such as garri, melon, yam, maize, cocoyam, pumpkin, cocoa, plantain, banana, palm oil, timber and many others which are sold at cheap prices. When all these items are sold in their daily market which starts at 4pm and closes by 7pm, it yields a lot of revenue for the Amawom people. Amawom is also a commercial center, many villages in Oboro come to Amawom for trading. Mbara Uru Market is the center for commerce and trade. Amawom is blessed with different kinds of natural resources such as good drinking water, farmland, economic trees, wildlife, forests etc.

## Religion

There are two types of religions practiced in Amawom. They are Christianity and the Traditional religions. The Christians are to obey the commandments of God and follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. The traditionalists worship deities. The oracles in Amawom are Ogwuma, Ahia Njoku, Ala Isi Ama etc. The only person permitted to make sacrifices to these gods is a chief priest. When the priest dies, the next elderly person in the family succeeds him.

## Politics

During pre-colonial era, Amawom had no chief. The system of government was segmental. Decision making was based on different autonomous groups that are within the family level. Policy making was always carried out in the house of the eldest man of the family. The amalgamation of the Northern and Southern Protectorates in 1914 caused Amawom to have her first Chief in Chief Okukuru who was then succeeded by Chief Iroatu, then High Chief Nzeribe Orunta, then the last Chief before the creation of autonomy was Chief N.N. Okey. As a result of the creation of more autonomous communities, Amawom got two autonomous communities and they are: Ibe Uzo and Awom. The first Eze of Awom was Late HRH Eze U. Orunta, and Ibe Uzo's was Late HRH Major Irole. Presently, the central working committee has a cabinet in which there are representatives from each village, age grade, Ndi-Nkwo-Ukwu and the youth. All these groups act as the legislators of the community. The age grades act as policemen and tax collectors. The Ndi Nkwo-Ukwu settle disputes, they also act as the judiciary. There is no separation of power because the three arms of government work hand in hand. Amawom is politically organized. In political matters, it is not autocratic rather it is democratic because people are allowed to air their views before a decision is taken. The people’s reaction determines the type of decision to be taken. Decision making is by consensus. Whenever a decision is to be taken, the people and social groups are always consulted. Amawom Chiefs/Ezes don’t have power like the Emirs of Northern Nigeria. If he makes a wrong policy, the people must oppose him.

## Socio-political structure

The 10 villages of Amawom intermarry. They also intermarry with other neighboring villages, because of this they settle their disputes amicably for being related by blood in one way or the other. Different social groups contribute to/with political leaders to administer their duties. But if they are looked down on, opposition arises, and it may lead to political instability. Kindreds visit and entertain their people during the New Yam and Ekpe festivals. Amawom also organizes traditional wrestling in which neighboring villages come to witness. Mbara Uru market is the social centre of Amawom and different social activities take place there.

## Schools

• Awom Na Ebo Secondary Technical School

• Amawom Community School

• Amawom Central School

Umudike

## InfoBox

| Amawom Amawom | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Amawom | |
| AmawomLocation of Amawom in Nigeria | |
| Coordinates: 5°28′0″N 7°34′0″E / 5.46667°N 7.56667°E / 5.46667; 7.56667 | |
| Country | Nigeria |
| State | Abia State |
| L.G.A | Ikwuano |
| Clan | Oboro |
| Government | |
| Type | Monarchy |
| Eze | Eze HRM Elder Chukwudike Ebila Ironsi (Awom Oboro) & Eze HRM I.C. Ezeala (Ibeuzo Ukwu) |
| Elevation | 449 ft (137 m) |
| Population (2023) | |
| Total | 15,000 |
| Ethnicities | Igbo |
| Religion | Christianity |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (WAT) |
| 3-digit postal code prefix | 440109 |
| Area code | 440 |
| ISO 3166 code | NG.AB.IK |
| Website | https://ng.geoview.info/amawom,7073524 |


# 1836 Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district special election

On November 4, 1836, a special election was held in Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district to fill a vacancy left by the October 30th, 1836 resignation of Jesse Miller (J).

## Election results

| Candidate | Party | Votes | Percent |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| James Black | Jacksonian | 3,579 | 57.5% |
| Robert Elliott | Anti-Jacksonian | 2,742 | 42.5% |

Black took his seat December 5, 1836, at the start of the 2nd session of the 24th Congress.


title: Eastern Pact

abstract: The Eastern Pact was a proposed mutual-aid treaty, intended to bring France, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania together in opposition to Nazi Germany. The idea of the Eastern Pact was advanced early in 1934 by the French minister of foreign affairs, Louis Barthou, and was actively supported by the Soviet government. In May and June 1934, the Soviet Union and France agreed to conclude a bilateral treaty providing for France's guaranteeing of the Eastern Pact and the guaranteeing of the Locarno Treaties of 1925 by the Soviet Union. On 14 June 1934 the Soviet government invited all interested states to participate in the Eastern Pact. Czechoslovakia, Latvia and Estonia, and Lithuania declared their readiness to adhere to the pact. However, Estonia and Latvia made the adherence of Germany and Poland a condition of their own participation. The government of Finland avoided expressing its attitude toward the Eastern Pact. Barthou appealed to the British government in the name of the French government, but the British, while formally approving the idea of the Eastern Pact, made their support conditional on Germany's inclusion both in the regional mutual-aid treaty and in the Franco-Soviet Treaty so that Soviet and French guarantees would be extended to Germany. The Soviet and the French governments agreed, but the German government and subsequently the Polish government refused to participate in the Eastern Pact. After the assassination of Barthou by French police during the arrest of Vlado Chernozemski on 9 October 1934, British and French diplomacy turned away from the Soviets and adopted the appeasement policy towards Germany. The proposed Eastern Pact was thus never implemented.

text:
# Eastern Pact

The **Eastern Pact** was a proposed mutual-aid treaty, intended to bring France, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania together in opposition to Nazi Germany.

The idea of the Eastern Pact was advanced early in 1934 by the French minister of foreign affairs, Louis Barthou, and was actively supported by the Soviet government. In May and June 1934, the Soviet Union and France agreed to conclude a bilateral treaty providing for France's guaranteeing of the Eastern Pact and the guaranteeing of the Locarno Treaties of 1925 by the Soviet Union. On 14 June 1934 the Soviet government invited all interested states to participate in the Eastern Pact. Czechoslovakia (2 July), Latvia and Estonia (29 July), and Lithuania (3 August) declared their readiness to adhere to the pact. However, Estonia and Latvia made the adherence of Germany and Poland a condition of their own participation. The government of Finland avoided expressing its attitude toward the Eastern Pact. Barthou appealed to the British government in the name of the French government, but the British, while formally approving the idea of the Eastern Pact, made their support conditional on Germany's inclusion both in the regional mutual-aid treaty and in the Franco-Soviet Treaty so that Soviet and French guarantees would be extended to Germany. The Soviet and the French governments agreed, but the German government (11 September 1934) and subsequently the Polish government (27 September 1934) refused to participate in the Eastern Pact.

After the assassination of Barthou by French police during the arrest of Vlado Chernozemski on 9 October 1934, British and French diplomacy turned away from the Soviets and adopted the appeasement policy towards Germany. The proposed Eastern Pact was thus never implemented.


title: Alverstone Wildlife Park

abstract: Alverstone Wildlife Park is a 100 hectare nature reserve near Hillcrest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The reserve was created in 1997 by a group of neighbouring landowners. The wildlife park has a diverse ecosystem, which includes grasslands, a forest, and wetlands. A number of mammals can be found in the reserve, including duiker, bushbuck, bushpig, civet, genet, mongoose and rock hyrax. Herds of blesbok, blue wildebeest, impala and zebra have been introduced to the reserve.

text:
# Alverstone Wildlife Park

**Alverstone Wildlife Park** is a 100 hectare nature reserve near Hillcrest, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The reserve was created in 1997 by a group of neighbouring landowners.

The wildlife park has a diverse ecosystem, which includes grasslands, a forest, and wetlands. A number of mammals can be found in the reserve, including duiker, bushbuck, bushpig, civet, genet, mongoose and rock hyrax. Herds of blesbok, blue wildebeest, impala and zebra have been introduced to the reserve.

1. "Alverstone Wildlife Park | Open Green Map". *www.opengreenmap.org*. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
2. "Wild about Alverstone Wildlife Park". Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2016.

## InfoBox

| Alverstone Wildlife Park | |
| --- | --- |
| Map of KwaZulu-Natal | |
| Location | Hillcrest, South Africa |
| Coordinates | 29°46′47″S 30°43′51″E / 29.779833°S 30.7309149°E / -29.779833; 30.7309149 |
| Area | 100 ha (250 acres) |
| Established | 1997 |
| Governing body | eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality |


title: 1971 Campeonato Carioca

abstract: The 1971 edition of the Campeonato Carioca kicked off on March 6, 1971 and ended on June 27, 1971. It was organized by FCF. Twelve teams participated. Fluminense won the title for the 20th time. no teams were relegated.

text:
# 1971 Campeonato Carioca

The 1971 edition of the **Campeonato Carioca** kicked off on March 6, 1971 and ended on June 27, 1971. It was organized by FCF (Federação Carioca de Futebol, or Carioca Football Federation). Twelve teams participated. Fluminense won the title for the 20th time. no teams were relegated.

## System

The tournament would be divided in two stages:

* **First round**: The twelve teams were divided into two groups, each team playing in a single round-robin format against the teams of the other group. The four best teams in each group qualified to the Second round.
* **Final phase**: The remaining eight teams all played in a double round-robin format against each other. The team with the most points won the title.

The regulations also had stipulated that the qualification for the National Championship later that year would be partially defined by revenue, with the four teams with the best revenue qualifying along with the champion. The qualification for the Taça Guanabara would also follow similar criteria. However, that criterion proved controversial, as Olaria began complaining about the federation supposedly favouring its competitors, América and Bangu, and eventually that criterion was scrapped altogether, after the retail chain Ponto Frio bought all the tickets for Olaria's last home match against Flamengo, in Maracanã, guaranteeing Olaria fifth place in the revenue ranking and prompting protests from América and Bangu. In the end, América was invited to the National Championship in the place of Olaria, who withdrew from the Taça Guanabara as well.

## Championship

### First round

#### Group A

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | América | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 6 | +5 | 8 | Qualified |
| 2 | Flamengo | 6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 10 | 4 | +6 | | 7 |
| 3 | Vasco da Gama | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 0 | | 6 |
| 4 | Bonsucesso | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 2 | | 5 |
| 5 | Portuguesa | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 9 | 5 | 5 |  |
| 6 | Campo Grande | 6 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 12 | 5 | | 3 |

Updated to match(es) played on April 4, 1971. Source: RSSSF.com
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) wins; 4) number of goals scored.

#### Group B

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Botafogo | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 15 | 5 | +10 | 11 | Qualified |
| 2 | Olaria | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 2 | +6 | | 9 |
| 3 | Fluminense | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 3 | +4 | | 9 |
| 4 | Bangu | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 11 | 13 | 2 | | 4 |
| 5 | Madureira | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 4 |  |
| 6 | São Cristóvão | 6 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 11 | 11 | | 1 |

Updated to match(es) played on April 4, 1971. Source: RSSSF.com
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) wins; 4) number of goals scored.

### Final round

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Fluminense | 14 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 23 | 10 | +13 | 21 | Champions |
| 2 | Flamengo | 14 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 17 | 10 | +7 | 18 |  |
| 3 | Botafogo | 14 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 13 | 8 | +5 | | 18 |
| 4 | Olaria | 14 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 21 | 11 | +10 | | 17 |
| 5 | Bangu | 13 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 12 | 15 | 3 | | 10 |
| 6 | América | 13 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 12 | 4 | | 10 |
| 7 | Vasco da Gama | 14 | 3 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 19 | 11 | | 9 |
| 8 | Bonsucesso | 14 | 2 | 3 | 9 | 5 | 22 | 17 | | 7 |

Updated to match(es) played on June 27, 1971. Source: RSSSF.com
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) wins; 4) number of goals scored.
Notes:

### Taça Guanabara

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Fluminense | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 5 | +4 | 7 | Champions |
| 2 | Flamengo | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 5 |  |
| 3 | Botafogo | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | | 4 |
| 4 | América | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | | 4 |
| 5 | Vasco da Gama | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | | 3 |
| 6 | Bangu | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | Withdrew |

Updated to match(es) played on August 1, 1971. Source: RSSSF.com
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) wins; 4) number of goals scored.   1. "RSSSF – Championship of Rio de Janeiro 1971". Retrieved May 19, 2019.
2. "Futebolnacional.com.br – Championship of Rio de Janeiro 1971". Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved May 19, 2019.
3. "Trivela - A curta, porém intensa, "Era de Ouro do Alvianil da Rua Bariri"". Retrieved May 19, 2019.

## InfoBox

Campeonato Carioca
| Season | 1971 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Fluminense |
| Campeonato Nacional | Vasco da Gama
Flamengo
Fluminense
América
Botafogo |
| Matches played | 91 |
| Goals scored | 194 (2.13 per match) |
| Top goalscorer | Paulo César Caju (Botafogo) - 11 goals |
| Biggest home win | Vasco da Gama 3-0 São Cristóvão (March 16, 1971)
Olaria 4-1 Campo Grande (April 4, 1971)
Olaria 3-0 Bonsucesso (May 14, 1971)
Olaria 3-0 América (May 22, 1971)
América 3-0 Vasco da Gama (May 29, 1971) |
| Biggest away win | São Cristóvão 0-5 Flamengo (March 31, 1971) |
| Highest scoring | Bangu 3-5 América (March 30, 1971) |
| 1970 1972 | |


title: 1970–71 Birmingham City F.C. season

text:
# 1970–71 Birmingham City F.C. season

The 1970–71 Football League season was Birmingham City Football Club's 68th in the Football League, their 30th in the Second Division, and their first with Freddie Goodwin as manager. They finished in 9th position in the 22-team division. They entered the 1970–71 FA Cup in the third round proper and lost in that round after a replay to Huddersfield Town, and progressed from the first round of the League Cup to the fourth where they were eliminated by Bristol Rovers.

Twenty-six players made at least one appearance in nationally organised first-team competition, and there were twelve different goalscorers. Defender Roger Hynd played in 48 of the 50 first-team matches over the season, and Phil Summerill was leading goalscorer for the third consecutive season.

## Football League Second Division

| Date | League
position | Opponents | Venue | Result | Score
F–A | Scorers | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15 August 1970 | 4th | Queens Park Rangers | H | W | 2–1 | Summerill, Vowden | 30,785 |
| 22 August 1970 | 1st | Carlisle United | A | W | 3–0 | Vincent, R. Latchford 2 | 9,244 |
| 29 August 1970 | 1st | Luton Town | H | D | 1–1 | Vowden | 30,141 |
| 1 September 1970 | 1st | Middlesbrough | H | L | 0–1 |  | 27,769 |
| 5 September 1970 | 10th | Cardiff City | A | L | 0–2 |  | 22,081 |
| 12 September 1970 | 11th | Oxford United | H | D | 1–1 | Francis | 22,346 |
| 19 September 1970 | 15th | Portsmouth | A | L | 0–1 |  | 18,037 |
| 26 September 1970 | 16th | Charlton Athletic | H | D | 1–1 | Summerill | 20,767 |
| 29 September 1970 | 17th | Bristol City | A | L | 1–2 | Summerill | 15,975 |
| 3 October 1970 | 15th | Hull City | A | W | 1–0 | R. Latchford | 17,882 |
| 10 October 1970 | 16th | Sheffield United | H | L | 0–1 |  | 22,350 |
| 17 October 1970 | 19th | Queens Park Rangers | A | L | 2–5 | R. Latchford 2 | 13,074 |
| 20 October 1970 | 19th | Leicester City | H | D | 0–0 |  | 25,381 |
| 24 October 1970 | 19th | Watford | A | L | 1–2 | Vowden | 14,707 |
| 31 October 1970 | 18th | Swindon Town | H | W | 2–1 | Vincent, Robinson | 18,502 |
| 7 November 1970 | 19th | Sunderland | A | L | 1–2 | Summerill | 15,994 |
| 14 November 1970 | 16th | Orient | H | W | 1–0 | Page | 14,137 |
| 21 November 1970 | 18th | Bolton Wanderers | A | L | 0–3 |  | 7,141 |
| 28 November 1970 | 18th | Norwich City | H | D | 2–2 | Vincent, Summerill | 13,630 |
| 5 December 1970 | 18th | Millwall | A | L | 1–2 | Summerill | 8,489 |
| 12 December 1970 | 16th | Sheffield Wednesday | H | W | 1–0 | R. Latchford | 14,239 |
| 19 December 1970 | 15th | Carlisle United | H | W | 1–0 | Francis | 15,670 |
| 26 December 1970 | 15th | Blackburn Rovers | A | D | 2–2 | Bowker, Francis | 8,787 |
| 9 January 1970 | 14th | Bristol City | H | W | 2–0 | Taylor, R. Latchford | 15,292 |
| 16 January 1971 | 14th | Leicester City | A | W | 4–1 | R. Latchford 2, Bowker, Summerill | 25,657 |
| 30 January 1971 | 14th | Norwich City | A | D | 2–2 | Summerill 2 | 11,964 |
| 6 February 1970 | 12th | Millwall | H | W | 3–1 | Page, Summerill pen, Francis | 21,893 |
| 13 February 1971 | 11th | Sheffield Wednesday | A | D | 3–3 | Francis 2, R. Latchford | 13,138 |
| 20 February 1971 | 10th | Bolton Wanderers | H | W | 4–0 | Francis 4 | 25,600 |
| 27 February 1971 | 9th | Swindon Town | A | W | 2–1 | Francis 2 | 19,860 |
| 6 March 1971 | 8th | Watford | H | W | 2–0 | Summerill, Francis | 27,605 |
| 13 March 1971 | 8th | Orient | A | W | 2–0 | Francis, Summerill | 11,167 |
| 20 March 1971 | 8th | Sunderland | H | W | 3–1 | Summerill 2 (1 pen), Page | 34,194 |
| 27 March 1971 | 8th | Cardiff City | H | W | 2–0 | Francis, Summerill | 49,025 |
| 3 April 1971 | 9th | Luton Town | A | L | 2–3 | R. Latchford, Summerill | 25,172 |
| 9 April 1971 | 9th | Oxford United | A | L | 0–1 |  | 16,196 |
| 10 April 1971 | 9th | Blackburn Rovers | H | W | 1–0 | Campbell | 25,572 |
| 13 April 1971 | 9th | Hull City | H | D | 0–0 |  | 33,109 |
| 17 April 1971 | 10th | Sheffield United | A | L | 0–3 |  | 29,364 |
| 24 April 1971 | 9th | Portsmouth | H | D | 1–1 | R. Latchford | 19,440 |
| 27 April 1971 | 9th | Middlesbrough | A | D | 0–0 |  | 12,802 |
| 1 May 1971 | 9th | Charlton Athletic | A | D | 1–1 | R. Latchford | 10,723 |

### League table (part)

Final Second Division table (part)
| Pos | Club | Pld | W | D | L | F | A | GA | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7th | Middlesbrough | 42 | 17 | 14 | 11 | 60 | 43 | 1.40 | 48 |
| 8th | Millwall | 42 | 19 | 9 | 14 | 59 | 42 | 1.41 | 47 |
| 9th | Birmingham City | 42 | 17 | 12 | 13 | 58 | 48 | 1.21 | 46 |
| 10th | Norwich City | 42 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 44 | 52 | 1.04 | 44 |
| 11th | Queens Park Rangers | 42 | 16 | 11 | 15 | 58 | 53 | 1.09 | 43 |
| Key | Pos = League position; Pld = Matches played;
W = Matches won; D = Matches drawn; L = Matches lost;
F = Goals for; A = Goals against; GA = Goal average; Pts = Points | | | | | | | | |

## FA Cup

| Round | Date | Opponents | Venue | Result | Score
F–A | Scorers | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Third round | 2 January 1971 | Huddersfield Town | A | D | 1–1 | Summerill pen | 26,486 |
| Third round replay | 5 January 1971 | Huddersfield Town | H | L | 0–2 |  | 26,558 |

## League Cup

| Round | Date | Opponents | Venue | Result | Score
F–A | Scorers | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| First round | 18 August 1970 | Wrexham | H | D | 3–3 | Murray, Vowden, Vincent | 21,623 |
| First round replay | 26 August 1970 | Wrexham | A | W | 3–2 | Vowden, Vincent, Hockey | 17,019 |
| Second round | 9 September 1970 | Colchester United | A | D | 1–1 | Summerill | 8,085 |
| Second round replay | 15 September 1970 | Colchester United | H | W | 2–1 | Vowden, Summerill | 17,606 |
| Third round | 4 October 1970 | Nottingham Forest | H | W | 2–1 | Summerill 2 | 23,015 |
| Fourth round | 26 October 1970 | Bristol Rovers | A | L | 0–3 |  | 21,426 |

## Appearances and goals

Numbers in parentheses denote appearances made as a substitute. Players marked  left the club during the playing season. Key to positions: GK Goalkeeper; DF Defender; MF Midfielder; FW Forward

Players' appearances and goals by competition
| Pos. | Nat. | Name | League | | FA Cup | | League Cup | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| GK | ENG | Mike Kelly | 34 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 41 | 0 |
| GK | ENG | Dave Latchford | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| DF | WAL | Colin Green | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| DF | ENG | Mike Harrison | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| DF | SCO | Roger Hynd | 40 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 48 | 0 |
| DF | ENG | Ray Martin | 36 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 42 | 0 |
| DF | ENG | Garry Pendrey | 24 (4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 28 (4) | 0 |
| DF | ENG | Dave Robinson | 38 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 45 | 1 |
| DF | ENG | John Sleeuwenhoek | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (1) | 0 | 1 (1) | 0 |
| DF | ENG | Bobby Thomson | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
| MF | ENG | Malcolm Beard | 7 (1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8 (1) | 0 |
| MF | SCO | Alan Campbell | 29 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 1 |
| MF | WAL | Trevor Hockey | 24 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 32 | 1 |
| MF | ENG | Bert Murray | 8 | 0 | 0 (1) | 0 | 3 | 1 | 11 (1) | 1 |
| MF | WAL | Malcolm Page | 27 (1) | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 31 (1) | 3 |
| MF | ENG | George Smith | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| MF | ENG | Gordon Taylor | 21 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 1 |
| FW | ENG | Keith Bowker | 8 (2) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 (1) | 0 | 9 (3) | 2 |
| FW | ENG | Mick Darrell | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| FW | ENG | Trevor Francis | 21 (1) | 15 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 25 (1) | 15 |
| FW | ENG | Tony Hateley | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (1) | 0 | 2 (1) | 0 |
| FW | SCO | George Johnston | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| FW | ENG | Bob Latchford | 35 (1) | 13 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 41 (1) | 13 |
| FW | ENG | Phil Summerill | 38 (1) | 16 | 1 (1) | 1 | 5 | 4 | 44 (2) | 21 |
| FW | ENG | Johnny Vincent | 16 (1) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 21 (1) | 5 |
| FW | ENG | Geoff Vowden | 16 (1) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 22 (1) | 6 |

**General**

* Matthews, Tony (1995). *Birmingham City: A Complete Record*. Derby: Breedon Books. ISBN 978-1-85983-010-9.
* Matthews, Tony (2010). *Birmingham City: The Complete Record*. Derby: DB Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85983-853-2.
* Source for match dates and results: "Birmingham City 1970–1971: Results". Statto Organisation. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
* Source for lineups, appearances, goalscorers and attendances: Matthews (2010), *Complete Record*, pp. 376–77.
* Source for kit: "Birmingham City". *Historical Football Kits*. Retrieved 22 May 2018.

**Specific**

## InfoBox

Birmingham City F.C.
| 1970–71 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Chairman | Clifford Coombs |
| Manager | Freddie Goodwin |
| Ground | St Andrew's |
| Football League Second Division | 9th |
| FA Cup | Third round
(eliminated by Huddersfield Town) |
| Football League Cup | Fourth round
(eliminated by Bristol Rovers) |
| Top goalscorer | League: Phil Summerill (16)
All: Phil Summerill (21) |
| Highest home attendance | 49,025 vs Cardiff City, 27 March 1971 |
| Lowest home attendance | 13,630 vs Norwich City, 28 November 1970 |
| Average home league attendance | 24,164 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Antonio Marini

abstract: Antonio Marini was an Italian painter, mainly of sacred subjects for churches in Tuscany. He is distinct from the Antonio Maria Marini from Venice.

text:
# Antonio Marini

**Antonio Marini** (27 May 1788 – 10 September 1861) was an Italian painter, mainly of sacred subjects for churches in Tuscany. He is distinct from the Antonio Maria Marini from Venice.

## Biography

He was born in Prato. Early in his career, he painted frescoes, including one depicting *Zeus in Olympus*, for the Esterhazy Palace in Vienna. He developed an anachronistic style that imitated quattrocento painters, learned in part from his activity restoring such works. He is described by 1836 by the contemporary Luigi Mussini as having begun to paint *Madonnas weakly imitated after the neo-purism of the (pre-Raphaelite) Germans* such as Overbeck and his associates.

Among his frescoes are those depicting: *Sacred and Profane Music, Poetry, and a Choir of Putti* (1852) in a salon of the house of count Guicciardini and in the Palazzo Martelli in Florence. He painted the frescoes of the *Life of St Anne* for the chapel dei Giuntini in San Giuseppe. Among his canvases in oil is one of the *Virgin about to embrace her Jesus as a child* (1843) and a *Glory of the Virgin* (1847) for the church of Santa Maria delle Carceri in Prato.

Marini was employed in restoration (1840) of the frescoes in the Palazzo del Podesta of Prato.

His wife, Giulia Marini, painted landscapes and still-life. He died in Florence.


title: 1972 in ice hockey

abstract: The following is a chronicle of events during the year 1972 in ice hockey.

text:
# 1972 in ice hockey

The following is a chronicle of events during the year **1972 in ice hockey**.

## National Hockey League

* With the first overall pick in the 1972 NHL Expansion Draft, the Atlanta Flames selected goaltender Phil Myre.

## Canadian Hockey League

## International hockey

### Summit Series

## World Hockey Championship

## European hockey

## Minor League hockey

## Junior A hockey

## University hockey

```
NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament
```

## Deaths

## Season articles

| 1971–72 NHL season | 1972–73 NHL season |
| --- | --- |
| 1971–72 AHL season | 1972–73 AHL season |
|


title: 1952–53 Ulster Cup

abstract: The 1952–53 Ulster Cup was the fifth edition of the Ulster Cup, a cup competition in Northern Irish football. Glentoran won the tournament for the 2nd time, defeating Distillery 3–0 in the final.

text:
# 1952–53 Ulster Cup

The **1952–53 Ulster Cup** was the fifth edition of the Ulster Cup, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.

Glentoran won the tournament for the 2nd time, defeating Distillery 3–0 in the final.

## Group standings

### Section A

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GR | Pts | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Distillery | 10 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 17 | 8 | 2.125 | 15 | Advance to final |
| 2 | Glenavon | 10 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 19 | 10 | 1.900 | 14 |  |
| 3 | Ards | 10 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 13 | 15 | 0.867 | | 9 |
| 4 | Portadown | 10 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 11 | 16 | 0.688 | | 9 |
| 5 | Linfield | 10 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 14 | 13 | 1.077 | | 8 |
| 6 | Bangor | 10 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 11 | 23 | 0.478 | | 5 |

Source: Irish League Archive

### Section B

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GR | Pts | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Glentoran | 10 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 40 | 19 | 2.105 | 16 | Advance to final |
| 2 | Coleraine | 10 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 27 | 15 | 1.800 | 15 |  |
| 3 | Crusaders | 10 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 19 | 26 | 0.731 | | 10 |
| 4 | Ballymena United | 10 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 23 | 24 | 0.958 | | 9 |
| 5 | Cliftonville | 10 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 21 | 30 | 0.700 | | 6 |
| 6 | Derry City | 10 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 11 | 27 | 0.407 | | 4 |

Source: Irish League Archive

## Final

| Glentoran | 3–0 | Distillery |
| --- | --- | --- |
| McCarthy
Deakin
Lowry | Report |  |

Solitude, Belfast

## InfoBox

1952–53 Ulster Cup
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Northern Ireland |
| Teams | 12 |
| Defending champions | Ballymena United |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Glentoran (2nd win) |
| Runner-up | Distillery |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 61 |
| Goals scored | 229 (3.75 per match) |
|  | |


title: 1957–58 Dundee United F.C. season

abstract: The 1957–58 season was the 50th year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from 1 July 1957 to 30 June 1958. United finished in ninth place in the Second Division.

text:
# 1957–58 Dundee United F.C. season

The **1957–58 season** was the 50th year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from 1 July 1957 to 30 June 1958. United finished in ninth place in the Second Division.

## Match results

Dundee United played a total of 44 competitive matches during the 1957–58 season.

### Legend

|
|  |
| Win |
| Draw |
| Loss |

All results are written with Dundee United's score first. Own goals in italics

### Second Division

| Date | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 21 August 1957 | Cowdenbeath |  | 0–4 | 3,000 |  |
| 4 September 1957 | Arbroath |  | 1–3 | 3,000 |  |
| 7 September 1957 | Ayr United |  | 3–4 | 2,500 |  |
| 11 September 1957 | Cowdenbeath |  | 1–1 | 3,000 |  |
| 14 September 1957 | East Stirlingshire |  | 0–2 | 2,000 |  |
| 18 September 1957 | Arbroath |  | 5–5 | 6,000 |  |
| 21 September 1957 | St Johnstone |  | 2–1 | 4,000 |  |
| 28 September 1957 | Dumbarton |  | 0–2 | 4,000 |  |
| 5 October 1957 | Stenhousemuir |  | 1–5 | 3,500 |  |
| 12 October 1957 | Brechin City |  | 1–1 | 1,700 |  |
| 19 October 1957 | Alloa Athletic |  | 2–2 | 2,000 |  |
| 2 November 1957 | Dunfermline Athletic |  | 1–6 | 5,000 |  |
| 9 November 1957 | Forfar Athletic |  | 5–2 | 4,000 |  |
| 16 November 1957 | Berwick Rangers |  | 2–1 | 1,216 |  |
| 23 November 1957 | Stirling Albion |  | 1–2 | 5,000 |  |
| 30 November 1957 | Hamilton Academical |  | 2–1 | 3,000 |  |
| 7 December 1957 | Greenock Morton |  | 4–1 | 3,000 |  |
| 14 December 1957 | Albion Rovers |  | 1–3 | 1,000 |  |
| 21 December 1957 | Montrose |  | 2–3 | 1,000 |  |
| 28 December 1957 | Stranraer |  | 0–0 | 3,000 |  |
| 1 January 1958 | St Johnstone |  | 3–3 | 5,100 |  |
| 2 January 1958 | East Stirlingshire |  | 7–0 | 4,000 |  |
| 4 January 1958 | Ayr United |  | 1–1 | 5,000 |  |
| 11 January 1958 | Dumbarton |  | 1–2 | 5,000 |  |
| 18 January 1958 | Stenhousemuir |  | 6–1 | 500 |  |
| 22 February 1958 | Dunfermline Athletic |  | 3–3 | 6,500 |  |
| 1 March 1958 | Forfar Athletic |  | 1–1 | 1,000 |  |
| 15 March 1958 | Stirling Albion |  | 3–5 | 3,000 |  |
| 22 March 1958 | Hamilton Academical |  | 3–0 | 3,000 |  |
| 29 March 1958 | Greenock Morton |  | 2–3 | 1,000 |  |
| 5 April 1958 | Albion Rovers |  | 2–1 | 2,600 |  |
| 12 April 1958 | Montrose |  | 2–1 | 3,000 |  |
| 16 April 1958 | Alloa Athletic |  | 1–7 | 1,500 |  |
| 26 April 1958 | Stranraer |  | 4–1 | 1,000 |  |
| 28 April 1958 | Brechin City |  | 1–2 | 1,500 |  |
| 3 May 1958 | Berwick Rangers |  | 7–0 | 5,100 |  |

### Scottish Cup

| Date | Rd | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15 February 1958 | R1 | Hibernian |  | 0–0 | 15,543 |  |
| 19 February 1958 | R1 R | Hibernian |  | 0–2 | 24,550 |  |

### League Cup

| Date | Rd | Opponent | Venue | Result | Attendance | Scorers |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10 August 1957 | G5 | Clyde |  | 1–4 | 11,000 |  |
| 14 August 1957 | G5 | Dumbarton |  | 4–2 | 4,000 |  |
| 17 August 1957 | G5 | Stranraer |  | 4–2 | 2,300 |  |
| 24 August 1957 | G5 | Clyde |  | 1–8 | 5,000 |  |
| 28 August 1957 | G5 | Dumbarton |  | 0–3 | 5,000 |  |
| 31 August 1957 | G5 | Stranraer |  | 3–0 | 1,500 |  |

## InfoBox

Dundee United
| 1957–58 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Chairman | J. Johnston-Grant |
| Manager | Tommy Gray |
| Scottish Second Division | 9th <br>W12 D9 L15 F81 A77 P33 |
| Scottish Cup | Round 2 |
| League Cup | Group stage |
|  | |


title: 1989 Women's Hockey Champions Trophy

abstract: The 1989 Women's Champions Trophy is the 2nd edition of Hockey Champions Trophy for women. It was held from September 3–10, 1989 in Frankfurt, West Germany.

text:
# 1989 Women's Hockey Champions Trophy

The **1989 Women's Champions Trophy** is the 2nd edition of Hockey Champions Trophy for women. It was held from September 3–10, 1989 in Frankfurt, West Germany.

## Squads

Australia  1. Maree Fish (GK)
2. Christine Dobson
3. Juliet Haslam
4. Vanessa Barnes
5. Angela Kaaks (GK)
6. Michelle Capes
7. Alison Peek
8. Lisa Powell
9. Lee Capes
10. Kim Small
11. Sally Carbon
12. Jackie Pereira
13. Tracey Belbin
14. Rechelle Hawkes
15. Sharon Patmore (c)
16. Kim Rayner

Canada  1. Deb Whitten (GK)
2. Tina Farrar
3. Deb Covey
4. Sue Bond
5. Carmen Kirkness
6. Sandra Levy
7. Rochelle Low
8. Melanie Slade
9. Joan Robere
10. Joel Brough
11. Michelle Conn
12. Laurelee Kopeck
13. Bernie Casey
14. Milena Gaiga
15. Sara Ballantyne
16. Sharon Creelman (c)

Great Britain  1. Jill Atkins
2. Valerie Hallam (GK)
3. Gill Brown
4. Karen Brown
5. Mary Nevill (c)
6. Julie Elms (GK)
7. Vickey Dixon
8. Wendy Fraser
9. Sandy Lister
10. Gill Messenger
11. Tracy Fry
12. Watkin Lynda
13. Catherine Sterling
14. Jane Sixsmith
15. Kate Parker
16. Alison Ramsay

Netherlands  1. Carina Bleeker (GK)
2. Jacqueline Toxopeus (GK)
3. Willemijn Duyster
4. Annemieke Fokke
5. Terry Sibbing
6. Mieketine Wouters
7. Caroline Leenders
8. Daniëlle Koenen
9. Ingrid Wolff
10. Anneloes Nieuwenhuizen (c)
11. Suzan van der Wielen
12. Simone van Haarlem
13. Ingrid Appels
14. Helen Lejuene
15. Florentine Steenberghe
16. Wietske de Ruiter

South Korea  1. You Jae-sook (GK)
2. Han Gum-shil
3. Chang Eun-jung
4. Hee Kim-kuk
5. Kim Soon-duk
6. Son Jeong-im
7. Baek Beon-a
8. Kim Hyun
9. Soon Cho-kyu
10. Jin Won-sim
11. Kwon Chang-sook
12. Yang Hea-sook
13. Kim Young-sook
14. Young Ku-mun
15. Lim Kye-sook (c)
16. Kim Hyung-soon

West Germany  1. Susie Wollschläger (c, GK)
2. Bianca Weiß (GK)
3. Caren Jungjohann
4. Anke Wild
5. Eva Hagenbäumer
6. Kristina Peters
7. Irina Kuhnt
8. Tanja Dickenscheid
9. Heike Gehrmann
10. Melanie Cremer
11. Philippa Suxdorf
12. Britta Becker
13. Christine Ferneck
14. Franziska Hentschel
15. Dana Schurmann
16. Katrin Kauschke

## Results

### Pool standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | South Korea | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 3 | +8 | 9 |
|  | Australia | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 10 | +4 | 8 |
|  | West Germany | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 3 | +4 | 6 |
| 4 | Great Britain | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 11 | 4 | 3 |
| 5 | Netherlands | 5 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 9 | 5 | 2 |
| 6 | Canada | 5 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 10 | 7 | 2 |

Source: FIH

### Matches

| Netherlands  0–0  Canada  Report |
| --- |

| South Korea  1–0  West Germany  Lim  21' Report |
| --- |

| Australia  3–2  Great Britain  Pereira  18', 22'
Hawkes  67' Report K. Brown  24'
Nevill  44' |
| --- |

---

| Netherlands  2–3  Great Britain  Lejeune  40'
Van der Wielen  61' Report K. Brown  5'
Parker  52'
Sixsmith  58' |
| --- |

| Canada  0–3  West Germany  Report Jungjohann  38'
Ferneck  46'
Becker  66' |
| --- |

| Australia  3–3  South Korea  Pereira  3'
Patmore  24'
Small  51' Report Lim  35', 63'
Chang  64' |
| --- |

---

| Canada  2–2  Great Britain  Conn  46'
Covey  52' Report Dixon  9'
K. Brown  25' |
| --- |

| Netherlands  0–2  South Korea  Report Chang  5', 65' |
| --- |

---

| Australia  2–2  West Germany  Capes  43'
Pereira  70' Report Hentschel  10'
Jungjohann  46' |
| --- |

---

| Netherlands  2–4  Australia  Lejeune  17', 21' Report Hawkes  50'
Small  52'
Pereira  58', 62' |
| --- |

| Canada  0–3  South Korea  Report Jin  30'
Lim  61', 64' |
| --- |

| Great Britain  0–2  West Germany  Report Hentschel  13'
Jungjohann  16' |
| --- |

---

| Australia  2–1  Canada  Pereira  22'
Small  25' Report Low  70' |
| --- |

| Great Britain  0–2  South Korea  Report Chang  28'
Lim  64' |
| --- |

| Netherlands  0–0  West Germany  Report |
| --- |

## Statistics

### Final standings

1. South Korea
2. Australia
3. West Germany
4. Great Britain
5. Netherlands
6. Canada

### Goalscorers

There were 46 goals scored in 15 matches, for an average of 3.07 goals per match.

**7 goals**

**6 goals**

**4 goals**

**3 goals**

**2 goals**

**1 goal**

Source: FIH

## InfoBox

1989 Women's Hockey
Champions Trophy
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Host country | West Germany |
| City | Frankfurt |
| Dates | 3–10 September |
| Teams | 6 |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | South Korea (1st title) |
| Runner-up | Australia |
| Third place | West Germany |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 15 |
| Goals scored | 46 (3.07 per match) |
| Top scorer(s) | Jackie Pereira (7 goals) |
| 1987 (previous) (next) 1991 | |


title: Emperor Huan of Han

abstract: Emperor Huan of Han was the 27th emperor of the Han dynasty after he was enthroned by the Empress Dowager and her brother Liang Ji on 1 August 146. He was a great-grandson of Emperor Zhang. He was the 11th emperor of the Eastern Han dynasty. After Emperor Zhi was poisoned to death by the powerful official Liang Ji in July 146, Liang Ji persuaded his sister, the regent Empress Dowager Liang to make the 14-year-old Liu Zhi, the Marquess of Liwu, who was betrothed to their sister Liang Nüying (梁女瑩), emperor. As the years went by, Emperor Huan, offended by Liang Ji's autocratic and violent nature, became determined to eliminate the Liang family with the help of eunuchs. Emperor Huan succeeded in removing Liang Ji in September 159 but this only caused an increase in the influence of these eunuchs over all aspects of the government. Corruption during this period had reached a boiling point. In 166, university students rose up in protest against the government and called on Emperor Huan to eliminate all corrupt officials. Instead of listening, Emperor Huan ordered the arrest of all students involved. Emperor Huan has largely been viewed as an emperor who might have had some intelligence but lacked wisdom in governing his empire; and his reign contributed greatly to the downfall of the Eastern Han dynasty. Hou Hanshu recounts that one Roman envoy reached the Chinese capital Luoyang in 166 and was greeted by Emperor Huan. Emperor Huan died in January 168 after reigning for more than 21 years; he was 36. He was succeeded by Emperor Ling of Han.

text:
# Emperor Huan of Han

| Emperor Huan of Han | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 漢桓帝 |
| Simplified Chinese | 汉桓帝 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Hàn Huán Dì  Wade–Giles Han Huan-ti | |
|  | |

**Emperor Huan of Han** (Chinese: 漢桓帝; pinyin: ***Hàn Huán Dì***; Wade–Giles: ***Han Huan-ti***; 132 – 25 January 168) was the 27th emperor of the Han dynasty after he was enthroned by the Empress Dowager and her brother Liang Ji on 1 August 146. He was a great-grandson of Emperor Zhang. He was the 11th emperor of the Eastern Han dynasty.

After Emperor Zhi was poisoned to death by the powerful official Liang Ji in July 146, Liang Ji persuaded his sister, the regent Empress Dowager Liang to make the 14-year-old Liu Zhi, the Marquess of Liwu, who was betrothed to their sister Liang Nüying (梁女瑩), emperor. As the years went by, Emperor Huan, offended by Liang Ji's autocratic and violent nature, became determined to eliminate the Liang family with the help of eunuchs. Emperor Huan succeeded in removing Liang Ji in September 159 but this only caused an increase in the influence of these eunuchs over all aspects of the government. Corruption during this period had reached a boiling point. In 166, university students rose up in protest against the government and called on Emperor Huan to eliminate all corrupt officials. Instead of listening, Emperor Huan ordered the arrest of all students involved. Emperor Huan has largely been viewed as an emperor who might have had some intelligence but lacked wisdom in governing his empire; and his reign contributed greatly to the downfall of the Eastern Han dynasty.

*Hou Hanshu* (*Book of the Later Han*) recounts that one Roman envoy (perhaps sent by emperor Marcus Aurelius) reached the Chinese capital Luoyang in 166 and was greeted by Emperor Huan.

Emperor Huan died in January 168 after reigning for more than 21 years; he was 36. He was succeeded by Emperor Ling of Han.

## Family background and ascension

Liu Zhi was born in 132, to Liu Yi (劉翼), the Marquess of Liwu, and his concubine Yan Ming (匽明).

Liu Yi was the son of Liu Kai (劉開), Prince Xiao of Hejian (and therefore a grandson of Emperor Zhang), and he had initially been made the Prince of Pingyuan as the heir of his cousin Liu Sheng (劉勝) by Empress Dowager Deng Sui, the regent for Emperor An, who was impressed with his abilities. That led to rumors that Empress Deng was looking to replace Emperor An, Prince Yi's cousin, with Prince Yi. After Empress Dowager Deng died in April 121, Emperor An, bearing a grudge against Prince Yi, demoted him to the rank of Marquess of Duxiang and exiled him to his father's principality. During the reign of Emperor Shun, Prince Kai requested that he be allowed to give Liwu County, part of his principality, to his son, and Emperor Shun permitted it. Marquess Yi thus became the Marquess of Liwu.

By 146, Liu Zhi had inherited his father's title and was betrothed to Liang Nüying, the younger sister of the regent Empress Dowager Liang Na and her violent and corrupt brother, Grand Marshal Liang Ji. That year, Liang Ji, bearing a grudge against the eight-year-old Emperor Zhi for calling him an "arrogant general," murdered the young emperor by poison. The officials largely favored Emperor Zhi's first cousin Liu Suan (劉蒜) the Prince of Qinghe, who was described as a solemn and proper man. Prince Suan's age was not given in history, though he appeared to be an adult by this time. However, Liang Ji was hesitant to yield authority to an able emperor. Because Marquess Zhi was betrothed to his sister and relatively young, Liang Ji felt that he could control him and insisted on making him emperor. Marquess Zhi took the throne later that year as Emperor Huan.

## Early reign under Empress dowager Liang regency and under Liang Ji's shadow

After Emperor Huan's ascension at age 14, Empress Dowager Liang continued to serve as regent. However, her brother Liang Ji came to take on more and more control, even more than the empress dowager. Emperor Huan posthumously honored his grandfather and father as emperors but, because the empress dowager was regent, did not honor his mother Yan Ming as an empress dowager; rather, she was given the title of an imperial consort. His father's wife, Lady Ma, was belatedly honored as an imperial consort as well in 148. In 147, he married Empress Dowager Liang and Liang Ji's sister Liang Nüying, making her empress. It appeared that, while the Liangs were in control, Emperor Huan was not a complete puppet. Instead, as a sign of bad things to come, he trusted eunuchs in his decision-making.

That same year, Liang Ji, in conjunction with the eunuchs Tang Heng (唐衡) and Zuo Guan (左悺), but with Emperor Huan's clear approval, falsely accused the honest officials Li Gu (李固) and Du Qiao (杜喬) of conspiring to overthrow Emperor Huan and replace him with Prince Suan. Li and Du were executed, while Prince Suan was demoted to marquess status and committed suicide.

In 150, Empress Dowager Liang announced that she was retiring and returning imperial authority to Emperor Huan. Later that year, she died. Emperor Huan then honored his mother as an empress dowager. However, without his sister to curb his power, Liang Ji came to be even more powerful than before. His violence and corruption increased and he stamped out all dissent with threats of death. He even threw his humble and peace-loving brother Liang Buyi (梁不疑) out of the government.

In May 152, Empress Dowager Yan died. Because Emperor Huan had inherited the throne through a collateral line, he was not permitted by customs to be the mourner. Instead, his brother Liu Shi (劉石) the Prince of Pingyuan served as chief mourner.

In 153, the first major public confrontation between an official and a powerful eunuch occurred—foreshadowing many to come. Zhu Mu (朱穆), the governor of Ji Province (modern central and northern Hebei) had found out that the father of the powerful eunuch Zhao Zhong (趙忠) had been improperly buried in a jade vest, an honor that was reserved to imperial princes. He ordered an investigation: Zhao's father was exhumed and the jade vest was stripped away, an act that angered Zhao and Emperor Huan. Zhu was not only removed from his post but was sentenced to hard labor.

## Coup d'état against Liang Ji

As the years went by, Emperor Huan became increasingly disgruntled at Liang Ji's control of the government and was also angered by Empress Liang's behavior. Because of her position as Empress Dowager Liang and Liang Ji's sister, Empress Liang was wasteful in her luxurious living, far exceeding any past empress, and was exceedingly jealous. She did not have a son and, because she did not want any other imperial consorts to have sons, she would find some way to murder pregnant consorts. Emperor Huan did not dare to react to her due to Liang Ji's power, but rarely had sexual relations with her. In 159, angry and depressed that she had lost her husband's favor, Empress Liang died.

This death started a chain of events that led to Liang Ji's downfall later that year. Liang, in order to continue to control Emperor Huan, had adopted his wife's beautiful cousin (the stepdaughter of her uncle Liang Ji (梁紀—note different characters despite the same pronunciation)), Deng Mengnü (鄧猛女), as his own daughter, changing her family name to Liang. He and Sun gave Liang Mengnü to Emperor Huan as an imperial consort. After Empress Liang's death, they hoped that she would eventually be made empress. To completely control her, Liang Ji planned to have her mother, Lady Xuan (), killed: he sent assassins against her but the assassination was foiled by the powerful eunuch Yuan She (袁赦), a neighbor of Lady Xuan.

Lady Xuan reported the assassination attempt to Emperor Huan, who was greatly angered. He entered into a conspiracy with eunuchs Tang Heng, Zuo Guan, Shan Chao (單超), Xu Huang (徐璜), and Ju Yuan (具瑗) to overthrow Liang—sealing the oath by biting open Dan's arm and swearing by his blood. Liang Ji had some suspicions about what Emperor Huan and the eunuchs were up to, and began an investigation. The five eunuchs quickly reacted. They had Emperor Huan openly announce that he was taking back power from Liang Ji and mobilized the imperial guards to defend the palace against a counterattack by Liang. They surrounded Liang's house and forced him to surrender. Liang and Sun were unable to respond and committed suicide. The entire Liang and Sun clans (except for Liang Ji's brothers Liang Buyi and Liang Meng \[梁蒙\], who had previously already died) were arrested and slaughtered. A large number of officials were executed or deposed for close association with Liang—so many that the government was almost unable to function for some time. Liang and Sun's properties were confiscated by the imperial treasury, which allowed the taxes to be reduced by 50% for one year. The people greatly celebrated Liang Ji's death.

## Late reign: empowerment of the eunuchs

After Liang Ji's death, Emperor Huan made Liang Mengnü empress. However, he disliked her family name and therefore ordered her to take the family name Bo (). He later found out that her original family name was actually Deng, and therefore had her family name restored.

The people had great expectations for Emperor Huan's administration after the death of Liang Ji. However, having been unable to overthrow Liang Ji without the five eunuchs' help, Emperor Huan greatly rewarded them, making them and several other eunuchs who participated in the coup d'état marquesses and further giving them governmental posts that conferred tremendous power. Further, the five eunuch-marquesses openly engaged in massive corruption and became extremely wealthy with Emperor Huan's approval. A song written about the four remaining eunuch-marquesses following Dan's death described them in this way:

*Zuo can reverse heaven's decision. Ju sits by himself without match. Xu is a lying wolf. Tang's power is as prevalent as the falling rain.*

Emperor Huan himself was also corrupt and unwilling to accept any criticism. In 159, when the honest county magistrate Li Yun (李雲) submitted a petition urging him to curb the power of the eunuchs, Emperor Huan was deeply offended that he included the phrase, "Is the emperor turning blind?"; despite intercessions by a number of officials and even some fair-minded eunuchs, had Li and his friend Du Zhong (杜眾) both executed.

In 161, apparently in reaction to spending due to renewed Qiang rebellions and new agrarian revolts, Emperor Huan issued an edict offering minor offices for sale—including imperial guard officer positions. This practice set a bad precedent and would become even more prevalent and problematic under Emperor Huan's successor, Emperor Ling. While Emperor Huan actually was able to find competent generals to suppress the rebellions or to persuade the rebels to surrender, the rampant corruption came to cause new rebellions as soon as the old ones are quelled.

In 165, perhaps finally fed up with the eunuchs' excess, Emperor Huan demoted Ju, the only eunuch remaining of the original five. Several other corrupt eunuchs were also demoted or deposed. However, soon thereafter, the eunuchs' powers were restored again. For the rest of Emperor Huan's reign, there would be a cycle of rise and fall of power of the eunuchs after conflicts with officials, but inexorably the eunuchs would return, becoming more powerful than before. This cycle would continue until the reign of Emperor Ling, when an army led by the regent He Jin and the powerful noblemen Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu marched into the imperial capitol of Luoyang and massacred the eunuchs.

Later that year, apparently tired of Empress Deng and sick of her disputes with a favorite consort of his, Consort Guo, Emperor Huan deposed and imprisoned her. She died in anger, and several of her family members were executed. He wanted to make another consort, Tian Sheng (田聖) empress, but officials opposed this on the basis that she was of lowly birth. They recommended that he make Consort Dou Miao (竇妙), the daughter of Dou Wu (竇武), a Confucian scholar and a descendant of Dou Rong (竇融), who had contributed much to the establishment of the Eastern Han dynasty, empress. Even though he did not favor Consort Dou, Emperor Huan gave in to pressure and made her empress.

In 166, a major public confrontation between university students and eunuchs evolved into a major incident. The governor of the capital province (modern western Henan and central Shaanxi), Li Ying, had arrested and executed a fortuneteller named Zhang Cheng (張成), who had had his son kill a man, having predicted that a general pardon was coming. Li was arrested and 200 some university students signed a petition requesting his release. This further angered Emperor Huan, who had the students arrested. Only after about a year and Dou Wu's intercession were Li and the university students released, but all of them had their citizenship rights stripped. This incident was later known as the first Disaster of Partisan Prohibition.

In January 168, Emperor Huan died without a son. Empress Dou, jealous of how he favored Consort Tian, had her immediately put to death. She conducted a survey among the members of the imperial clan and decided on the 11-year-old Liu Hong (劉宏), the Marquess of Jieduting, who then ascended the throne as Emperor Ling. On 9 March 168, Emperor Huan was buried and given the temple name "**Weizong**", but this temple name was later revoked in 190 during the reign of Emperor Xian of Han.

## Era names

* *Jianhe* (建和) 147–149
* *Heping* (和平) 150
* *Yuanjia* (元嘉) 151–153
* *Yongxing* (永興) 153–154
* *Yongshou* (永壽) 155–158
* *Yanxi* (延熹) 158–167
* *Yongkang* (永康) 167

## Family

Consorts and Issue:

* Empress Yixian, of the Liang clan (懿獻皇后 梁氏; d. 159), personal name Nüying (女瑩)
* Empress, of the Deng clan (皇后 鄧氏; d. 165), personal name Mengnü (猛女)
* Empress Huansi, of the Dou clan of Fufeng (桓思皇后 扶風竇氏; d. 172), personal name Miao ()
* Guiren, of the Guo clan (贵人郭氏)
* Guiren, of the Tian clan (贵人田氏), personal name Sheng (圣)
* Guiren, of the Feng clan (贵人冯氏)
* Lady Kou, of the Kou clan (寇氏), granddaughter of Kou Rong (寇荣)
* Unknown
    + Princess Yang'an (陽安公主), personal name Hua (), first daughter
        - Married Fu Wan, Marquis Buqi (伏完; d. 209)
    + Princess Yingyin (潁陰公主), personal name Jian (), second daughter
    + Princess Yangdi (陽翟公主), personal name Xiu (), third daughter

## Ancestry

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## InfoBox

| Emperor Huan of Han
 | |
| --- | --- |
| Emperor of the Han dynasty | |
| Reign | 1 August 146 – 25 January 168 |
| Predecessor | Emperor Zhi |
| Successor | Emperor Ling |
|  | |
| Born | 132 |
| Died | 25 January 168 (aged 3536) |
| Consorts | Empress Yixian
Empress Deng
Empress Huansi |
| Issue | Princess Yang'an
Princess Yingyin
Princess Yangdi |
| Full name   Era dates  * Jianhe (建和) 147–149 * Heping (和平) 150 * Yuanjia (元嘉) 151–153 * Yongxing (永興) 153–154 * Yongshou (永壽) 155–158 * Yanxi (延熹) 158–167 * Yongkang (永康) 167  Posthumous name  Xiaohuan (孝桓)  Temple name  Weizong (威宗) (later revoked in 190) | |
| Dynasty | Han dynasty |
| Father | Liu Yi |
| Mother | Empress Xiaochong |


title: 1990 Lufthansa Cup German Open

abstract: The 1990 Lufthansa Cup German Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Rot-Weiss Tennis Club in West Berlin, West Germany that was part of the Tier I category of the 1990 WTA Tour. It was the 21st edition of the tournament and was held from 14 May until 20 May 1990. Second-seeded Monica Seles won the singles title, snapping world no.1 Steffi Graf's 66-match winning streak in the final.

text:
# 1990 Lufthansa Cup German Open

The **1990 Lufthansa Cup German Open** was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Rot-Weiss Tennis Club in West Berlin, West Germany that was part of the Tier I category of the 1990 WTA Tour. It was the 21st edition of the tournament and was held from 14 May until 20 May 1990. Second-seeded Monica Seles won the singles title, snapping world no.1 Steffi Graf's 66-match winning streak in the final (2nd in WTA history behind Martina Navratilova's 74-match winning streak).

## Finals

### Singles

Monica Seles defeated  Steffi Graf 6–4, 6–3

* It was Seles' 5th singles title of the year and the 6th of her career.

### Doubles

Nicole Provis /  Elna Reinach defeated  Hana Mandlíková /  Jana Novotná 6–2, 6–1

## InfoBox

| 1990 Lufthansa Cup German Open | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 14–20 May |
| Edition | 21st |
| Category | Tier I |
| Draw | 56S / 28D |
| Prize money | $500,000 |
| Surface | Clay / outdoor |
| Location | West Berlin, West Germany |
| Venue | Rot-Weiss Tennis Club |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Monica Seles | |
| Doubles | |
| Nicole Provis /  Elna Reinach | |
|  | |


abstract: The 1991 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team represented Jacksonville State University as a member of the Gulf South Conference (GSC) during the 1991 NCAA Division II football season. Led by seventh-year head coach Bill Burgess, the Gamecocks compiled an overall record of 12–1 with a mark of 6–0 in conference play, winning the GSC title. For the fourth consecutive season, Jacksonville State advanced to the NCAA Division II Football Championship playoffs, beating Winston-Salem State in the first round, Mississippi College in the quarterfinals, and IUP in the semifinals before losing to Pittsburg State in the championship game.

text:
# 1991 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team

1991 Gulf South Conference football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| No. 2 Jacksonville State $^ | 6 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 12 |  | 1 |  | 0 |
| No. 11 Mississippi College ^ | 4 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |  | 7 |  | 4 |  | 1 |
| Valdosta State | 4 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |  | 6 |  | 3 |  | 1 |
| Livingston | 2 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  |  | 6 |  | 5 |  | 0 |
| West Georgia | 2 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  |  | 6 |  | 5 |  | 0 |
| Delta State | 1 |  | 5 |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  | 7 |  | 0 |
| North Alabama | 1 |  | 5 |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  | 7 |  | 0 |
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| * $  Conference champion * ^  NCAA Division II playoff participant Rankings from NCAA Division II Football Committee poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1991 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football team** represented Jacksonville State University as a member of the Gulf South Conference (GSC) during the 1991 NCAA Division II football season. Led by seventh-year head coach Bill Burgess, the Gamecocks compiled an overall record of 12–1 with a mark of 6–0 in conference play, winning the GSC title. For the fourth consecutive season, Jacksonville State advanced to the NCAA Division II Football Championship playoffs, beating Winston-Salem State in the first round, Mississippi College in the quarterfinals, and IUP in the semifinals before losing to Pittsburg State in the championship game.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 7 | 7:00 pm | Alabama A&M* | No. 5 |  | W 44–18 | 15,500 |  |
| September 21 | 2:00 pm | West Georgia | No. 5 | * Paul Snow Stadium * Jacksonville, AL | W 50–24 | 14,000 |  |
| September 28 | 12:00 pm | at Valdosta State | No. 3 |  | W 24–3 | 4,361 |  |
| October 5 | 7:00 pm | No. 2 Mississippi College | No. 3 | * Paul Snow Stadium * Jacksonville, AL | W 17–6 | 15,500 |  |
| October 12 | 6:00 pm | at Delta State | No. 2 |  | W 9–0 | 1,577 |  |
| October 19 | 2:00 pm | North Alabama | No. 2 | * Paul Snow Stadium * Jacksonville, AL | W 48–13 | 12,900 |  |
| November 2 | 3:00 pm | No. 6 Wofford* | No. 2 | * Paul Snow Stadium * Jacksonville, AL | W 51–7 | 13,500 |  |
| November 9 | 1:00 pm | at Livingston | No. 2 |  | W 31–0 | 3,000 |  |
| November 16 | 12:30 pm | at Kentucky State* | No. 2 |  | W 42–7 | 1,500 |  |
| November 23 | 12:00 pm | at No. 12 Winston-Salem State* | No. 2 |  | W 49–24 | 7,908 |  |
| November 30 | 12:00 pm | No. 11 Mississippi College* | No. 2 | * Paul Snow Stadium * Jacksonville, AL (NCAA Division II Quarterfinal) | W 35–7 | 6,000 |  |
| December 7 | 12:00 pm | No. 1 IUP* | No. 2 | * Paul Snow Stadium * Jacksonville, AL (NCAA Division II Semifinal) | W 27–20 | 13,200 |  |
| December 14 | 1:00 pm | vs. No. 3 Pittsburg State* | No. 2 |  | L 6–23 | 11,682 |  |
|  | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1991 Jacksonville State Gamecocks football | |
| --- | --- |
| GSC champion | |
| NCAA Division II Championship Game, L 6–23 vs. Pittsburg State | |
| Conference | Gulf South Conference |
| Record | 12–1 (6–0 GSC) |
| Head coach |  |
| Offensive coordinator | Charles Maniscalco (7th season) |
| Defensive coordinator | Eddie Garfinkle (6th season) |
| Home stadium | Paul Snow Stadium |
|


title: 1989 Tel Aviv Open

abstract: The 1989 Tel Aviv Open was a men's tennis tournament played on hard courts that was part of the 1989 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was played at the Israel Tennis Centers in the Tel Aviv District city of Ramat HaSharon, Israel from October 16 through October 23, 1989. Second-seeded Jimmy Connors won the singles title.

text:
# 1989 Tel Aviv Open

The **1989 Tel Aviv Open** was a men's tennis tournament played on hard courts that was part of the 1989 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was played at the Israel Tennis Centers in the Tel Aviv District city of Ramat HaSharon, Israel from October 16 through October 23, 1989. Second-seeded Jimmy Connors won the singles title.

## Finals

### Singles

Jimmy Connors defeated  Gilad Bloom 2–6, 6–2, 6–1

* It was Connors' 2nd title of the year and the 109nd of his career.

### Doubles

Jeremy Bates /  Patrick Baur defeated  Rikard Bergh /  Per Henricsson 6–1, 4–6, 6–1

* It was Bates' only title of the year and the 1st of his career. It was Baur's only title of the year and the 2nd of his career.

## InfoBox

| 1989 Tel Aviv Open | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | October 16–23 |
| Edition | 10th |
| Category | Grand Prix |
| Draw | 32S / 16D |
| Prize money | $100,000 |
| Surface | Hard / outdoor |
| Location | Ramat HaSharon, Tel Aviv District, Israel |
| Venue | Israel Tennis Centers |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Jimmy Connors | |
| Doubles | |
| Jeremy Bates /  Patrick Baur | |
|  | |


title: Arkel International

abstract:
Arkel International is a privately held company based in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, that undertakes construction projects around the world. The company serves organizations, governments, and militaries.
In 2008 Arkel had about 300 employees and $85 million in annual sales.

text:
# Arkel International

**Arkel International** is a privately held company based in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, that undertakes construction projects around the world. The company serves organizations, governments, and militaries. In 2008 Arkel had about 300 employees and $85 million in annual sales.

## Foundation and expansion

The company was founded in 1954, at first undertaking construction of chemical and refinery complexes in the Mississippi River valley. It then expanded into other parts of the United States, and then internationally. Although Arkel is diverse, Arkel International specializes in construction in challenging environments, building secure facilities with self-contained power supplies.

## Sugar refineries

Arkel's first overseas project was a large sugar refinery in Sudan. The Kenana project was huge, involving a 40-megawatt power station, conduits, canals pumping stations, crushers and so on, and ended up costing $613 million. In 1974 it was awarded to Lonrho, but after cost overruns in 1977 the management contract was awarded to Arkel. Arkel won a government contract in Kenya for an overhaul and expansion of Nzoia Sugar Company in 1988. The project was troubled, with delays and cost overruns, and eventually a review committee recommended cancellation.

## Other contracts

A joint venture with a Sudanese investor, Arkel-Talab Cargo Services, provided air transport in the Sudan in the 1980s. They had supported Chevron Corporation until that company withdrew from oil exploration in Sudan in 1984. They were being considered in 1986 as a contractor to the U.S. government to deliver emergency supplies. In March 1986 Arkel was awarded a contract worth almost $6 million by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to build facilities for the Sudan Air Force. With a civil war in progress in the south, it was difficult to get materials to the construction site, and the project ran into a series of delays. As Arkel was finishing the job they got involved in a legal dispute with a subcontractor. Two of Arkel's employees were then arrested, common practice in Sudan legal disputes, but later released.

Arkel became a contractor to the U.S. Government in 2003. Projects in this role were to provide construction services in conflict, post-conflict and remote, underdeveloped regions of the world. The projects included integrated logistics and critical power solutions. In April 2006 Arkel won a contract from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security for maintenance and deactivation of manufactured homes and travel trailers. The contract was worth up to $100 million. These units are for use in disaster relief situations such as the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. In 2009, the company was a member of the International Stability Operations Association, which supports the private military industry. In April 2010 the company won a $6.4 million contract to supply 16 pre-engineered buildings, with electrical power and force protection barriers, to Camp Leatherneck in Helmand Province, Afghanistan.

## InfoBox

Arkel International
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Founded | 1954 |
| Headquarters | Baton Rouge, LA, USA |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Mr. George Knost, President<br>John Moore, CEO |


title: Arkell's Brewery

abstract: Arkell's Brewery was established in Swindon, England by John Arkell in 1843, and has been owned by members of the Arkell family since its establishment. It is Swindon's oldest company, built initially on the massive expansion of Swindon in the Victorian era with the arrival of the railways and the decision by Isambard Kingdom Brunel to site the Great Western Railway Works in Swindon in 1841.

text:
# Arkell's Brewery

**Arkell's Brewery** was established in Swindon, England by John Arkell in 1843, and has been owned by members of the Arkell family since its establishment. It is Swindon's oldest company, built initially on the massive expansion of Swindon in the Victorian era with the arrival of the railways and the decision by Isambard Kingdom Brunel to site the Great Western Railway Works in Swindon in 1841.

## Brewery

Originally a steam brewery, with the engines now being powered by electricity, Arkell's is a tower brewery which works on the principle that raw materials are fed into the top of the building and beer comes out in casks at the bottom.

The brewery building is a Grade II listed building and the site has been designated an Urban Conservation Area by Swindon Borough Council.

## Distribution

The brewery owns 92 pubs in the Swindon area and surrounds, including locations in Oxford, Newbury, Reading, Cheltenham, Gloucester and Ascot; and sells its products to free houses in the Thames Valley and London.

In 2005, the brewery entered into a contract with rail company First Great Western to have its beer stocked in their buffet cars.

## Promotion

Arkell's have sponsored events at Newbury Racecourse since 1979.

The brewery has been visited by the Duke of Kent and politicians including Michael Howard and William Hague.

## House beers

* *Honey Pale Ale*
* *2B*
* *3B*
* *Wiltshire Gold*
* *Kingsdown Ale*
* *Moonlight*
* *Mustang Black*
* *Hoperation IPA*
* *1843 Craft Lager*

* Arkell, Ontario, Canada, established by John Arkell

## InfoBox

Arkell's Brewery
|
|  |
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| Industry | Alcoholic beverage |
| Founded | 1843 |
| Headquarters | Swindon, England |
| Products | Beer |
| Website | www.arkells.com |


title: Amatsia Levkovich

abstract: Amatsia Levkovich was an Israeli footballer who played as a defender for Hapoel Tel Aviv. He made 42 appearances for the Israel national team from 1957 to 1965.

text:
# Amatsia Levkovich

**Amatsia Levkovich** (27 December 1937 – 4 November 2021) was an Israeli footballer who played as a defender for Hapoel Tel Aviv. He made 42 appearances for the Israel national team from 1957 to 1965.

## InfoBox

Amatsia Levkovich
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1937-12-27)27 December 1937 | | |
| Place of birth | Tel Aviv, Mandatory Palestine | | |
| Date of death | 4 November 2021(2021-11-04) (aged 83) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1954–1969 | Hapoel Tel Aviv |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1957–1965 | Israel | 42 | (1) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 1970–1971 | Israel U19 (assistant) | | |
| 1970–1973 | Hapoel Jerusalem | | |
| 1974–1976 | Hapoel Be'er Sheva | | |
| 1979–1980 | Hapoel Be'er Sheva | | |
| 1980–1981 | Hapoel Petah Tikva | | |
| 1981–1988 | Sierra Leone | | |
| 1988–1990 | Maccabi Haifa | | |
| 1992–1993 | Bnei Yehuda | | |
| 1993–1994 | Hapoel Haifa | | |
| 1994 | Beitar Jerusalem | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: 1971 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A

abstract: The 1971 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A was the 16th edition of the Brazilian Championship. However, from 1976 until 2010 this tournament was considered by the highest entity of national football as the first edition of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. The competition was won by Atlético Mineiro, thus winning its second Brazilian title. While the tournament represented the top tier of Brazilian football, its name was "Division Extra", with "First Division" instead used by the second-tier tournament.

text:
# 1971 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A

The **1971 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A** (officially the **Primeiro Campeonato Nacional de Clubes**, "First National Championship of Clubs") was the 16th edition of the Brazilian Championship. However, from 1976 until 2010 (when CBF unified the Brazilian titles prior to 1971, considering the 1959 Taça Brasil as the first edition of the championship) this tournament was considered by the highest entity of national football as the first edition of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. The competition was won by Atlético Mineiro, thus winning its second Brazilian title.

While the tournament represented the top tier of Brazilian football, its name was "Division Extra", with "First Division" instead used by the second-tier tournament (since known as Campeonato Brasileiro Série B).

## Background

During the 1960s, two tournaments were used to pick Brazil's representative at the Copa Libertadores: Taça Brasil (1959-1968), a single-elimination tournament between the state champions; and Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa (1967-1970), divided in two separate group phases with teams mostly from the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. Both tournaments had a format that barely covered the entire country and had regional phases that diminished fan support, leading to dissatisfaction from both the team owners and the Brazilian Confederation of Sports (CBD), who organized the championship. In 1970, the Brazil national football team won the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico, becoming the first three-time world champion. Seeing the valorization of Brazilian football, president Emílio Médici and the Brazilian media pushed CBD towards a true national tournament. With a format inspired by the European tournaments, the tournament would feature 20 teams. The format of the national tournament was still close to the 1970 Torneio Roberto Gomes Pedrosa, with the state of Ceará being the only addition to the seven featured in the Robertão's final edition. Some of the shunned federation states, led by Goiás, even created their own parallel national tournament, the Torneio Integração da CBD.

## Competition format

The season was divided into three phases:

* The First Phase saw the twenty teams divided into two groups of ten. Despite being divided into groups, the phase was contested in a single round-robin format, with each team playing the others once. The top six teams in each group advanced to the Second Phase.
* The Second Phase saw the twelve qualified teams divided into three groups of four. The teams within each group played each other in a double round-robin format. The top team from each group advanced to the Final Phase.
* The Final Phase saw the three team play each other team once. The team with the most points at the end of the round was declared the champion.

## Teams

Twenty clubs participated in this championship (home city in parentheses):

## First phase

### Group A standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Corinthians | 19 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 29 | 16 | +13 | 26 | Advanced to the Second Phase |
| 2 | Cruzeiro | 19 | 7 | 9 | 3 | 26 | 12 | +14 | | 23 |
| 3 | Internacional | 19 | 7 | 9 | 3 | 21 | 16 | +5 | | 23 |
| 4 | Coritiba | 19 | 10 | 2 | 7 | 21 | 18 | +3 | | 22 |
| 5 | Palmeiras | 19 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 20 | 14 | +6 | | 22 |
| 6 | Vasco da Gama | 19 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 11 | 12 | 1 | | 19 |
| 7 | Santa Cruz | 19 | 3 | 11 | 5 | 17 | 23 | 6 | 17 |  |
| 8 | Fluminense | 19 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 12 | 13 | 1 | | 16 |
| 9 | Portuguesa | 19 | 6 | 3 | 10 | 16 | 24 | 8 | | 15 |
| 10 | Ceará | 19 | 2 | 5 | 12 | 5 | 25 | 20 | | 9 |

Source:

### Group B standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Grêmio | 19 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 18 | 11 | +7 | 23 | Advanced to the Second Phase |
| 2 | Atlético Mineiro | 19 | 7 | 9 | 3 | 27 | 16 | +11 | | 23 |
| 3 | America-RJ | 19 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 23 | 17 | +6 | | 21 |
| 4 | Santos | 19 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 17 | 11 | +6 | | 21 |
| 5 | Botafogo | 19 | 5 | 10 | 4 | 15 | 16 | 1 | | 20 |
| 6 | São Paulo | 19 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 16 | 19 | 3 | | 19 |
| 7 | Bahia | 19 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 14 | 16 | 2 | 18 |  |
| 8 | Flamengo | 19 | 4 | 10 | 5 | 13 | 17 | 4 | | 18 |
| 9 | América-MG | 19 | 2 | 9 | 8 | 11 | 19 | 8 | | 13 |
| 10 | Sport Recife | 19 | 4 | 4 | 11 | 10 | 27 | 17 | | 12 |

Source:

## Second phase

### Group A

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | São Paulo | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 2 | +4 | 9 | Advanced to the Final Phase |
| 2 | Corinthians | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 5 |  |
| 3 | America-RJ | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 0 | | 5 |
| 4 | Cruzeiro | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 3 | | 5 |

Source:

### Group B

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Atlético Mineiro | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 6 | +4 | 7 | Advanced to the Final Phase |
| 2 | Internacional | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 7 |  |
| 3 | Santos | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 5 | +2 | | 6 |
| 4 | Vasco da Gama | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 10 | 6 | | 4 |

Source:

### Group C

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Botafogo | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 6 | +5 | 8 | Advanced to the Final Phase |
| 2 | Grêmio | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 6 |  |
| 3 | Palmeiras | 6 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 7 | 6 | +1 | | 6 |
| 4 | Coritiba | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 5 | | 4 |

Source:

## Final phase

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Atlético Mineiro | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | +2 | 4 |
| 2 | São Paulo | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 2 | +2 | 2 |
| 3 | Botafogo | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 0 |

Source:

| Atlético Mineiro | 10 | São Paulo |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Oldair  75' |  |  |

Mineirão, Belo HorizonteAttendance: 53.903Referee: Armando Marques

---

| São Paulo | 41 | Botafogo |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Forlán  61'
Terto  65' (86)
Toninho  71' |  | Ney de Oliveira  53' |

Morumbi, São PauloAttendance: 33.930Referee: Armando Marques

---

| Botafogo | 01 | Atlético Mineiro |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Dario  61' |

Maracanã, Rio de JaneiroAttendance: 46.458Referee: Armando Marques

## Final standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Atlético Mineiro | 27 | 12 | 10 | 5 | 39 | 22 | +17 | 34 | Finalists |
| 2 | São Paulo | 27 | 10 | 10 | 7 | 26 | 23 | +3 | | 30 |
| 3 | Botafogo | 27 | 8 | 12 | 7 | 27 | 27 | 0 | | 28 |
| 4 | Corinthians | 25 | 12 | 7 | 6 | 33 | 21 | +12 | 31 | Eliminated in the Second Phase |
| 5 | Internacional | 25 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 28 | 23 | +5 | | 30 |
| 6 | Grêmio | 25 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 24 | 18 | +6 | | 29 |
| 7 | Palmeiras | 25 | 9 | 10 | 6 | 27 | 20 | +7 | | 28 |
| 8 | Cruzeiro | 25 | 8 | 12 | 5 | 28 | 17 | +11 | | 28 |
| 9 | Santos | 25 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 24 | 16 | +8 | | 27 |
| 10 | Coritiba | 25 | 11 | 4 | 10 | 23 | 25 | 2 | | 26 |
| 11 | America-RJ | 25 | 8 | 10 | 7 | 27 | 21 | +6 | | 26 |
| 12 | Vasco da Gama | 25 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 15 | 22 | 7 | | 23 |
| 13 | Bahia | 19 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 14 | 16 | 2 | 18 | Eliminated in the First Phase |
| 14 | Flamengo | 19 | 4 | 10 | 5 | 13 | 17 | 4 | | 18 |
| 15 | Santa Cruz | 19 | 3 | 11 | 5 | 17 | 23 | 6 | | 17 |
| 16 | Fluminense | 19 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 12 | 13 | 1 | | 16 |
| 17 | Portuguesa | 19 | 6 | 3 | 10 | 16 | 24 | 8 | | 15 |
| 18 | América-MG | 19 | 2 | 9 | 8 | 11 | 19 | 8 | | 13 |
| 19 | Sport Recife | 19 | 4 | 4 | 11 | 10 | 27 | 17 | | 12 |
| 20 | Ceará | 19 | 2 | 5 | 12 | 5 | 25 | 20 | | 9 |

Source: rsssf.com

## Sources

## InfoBox

Campeonato Brasileiro Série A
| Season | 1971 |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 7 August 1971 – 19 December 1971 |
| Champions | Atlético Mineiro
1st Campeonato Brasileiro title
2nd Brazilian title |
| Copa Libertadores | Atlético Mineiro
São Paulo |
| Matches played | 229 |
| Goals scored | 419 (1.83 per match) |
| Top goalscorer | Dario (15 goals) |
| Average attendance | 20,360 |
| 1970 1972 | |