title: 1989 in the sport of athletics

text:
# 1989 in the sport of athletics

This article contains an overview of the year 1989 in athletics.

## International Events

## World records

### Men

| EVENT | ATHLETE | MARK | DATE | VENUE |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 3,000 metres | Said Aouita (MAR) | **7:29.45** | 20 August | Köln, West Germany |
| 10,000 metres | Arturo Barrios (MEX) | **27:08.23** | 18 August | Berlin, West Germany |
| 110 m hurdles | Roger Kingdom (USA) | **12.92** | 16 August | Zürich, Switzerland |
| 3,000 m steeplechase | Peter Koech (KEN) | **8:05.35** | 3 July | Stockholm, Sweden |
| 4 × 200 metres relay | Santa Monica TC  United States
Danny Everett
Leroy Burrell
Floyd Heard
Carl Lewis | **1:19.38** | 23 August | Koblenz, West Germany |
| High Jump | Javier Sotomayor (CUB) | **2.44m** | 29 July | San Juan, Puerto Rico |

### Women

| EVENT | ATHLETE | MARK | DATE | VENUE |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mile | Paula Ivan (ROU) | **4:15.61** | 10 July | Nice, France |
| Half Marathon | Ingrid Kristiansen (NOR) | **1:08:31** | 16 September | New Bedford, United States |

## Men's Best Year Performers

### 100 metres

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Leroy Burrell (USA) | **9.94** |
| 2. | Raymond Stewart (JAM) | **9.97** |
| 3. | Frank Fredericks (RSA) | **10.02** |
| 4. | Dennis Mitchell (USA) | **10.03** |
| 5. | Andre Cason (USA) | **10.04** |

### 200 metres

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Robson da Silva (BRA) | **19.96** |
| 2. | Dennis Mitchell (USA) | **20.09** |
| | Floyd Heard (USA) | |
| 4. | Mark Witherspoon (USA) | **20.12** |
| 5. | Joe DeLoach (USA) | **20.13** |

### 400 metres

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Antonio Pettigrew (USA) | **44.27** |
| 2. | Butch Reynolds (USA) | **44.30** |
| 3. | Danny Everett (USA) | **44.36** |
| 4. | Steve Lewis (USA) | **44.47** |
| 5. | Roberto Hernández (CUB) | **44.58** |

### 800 metres

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Paul Ereng (KEN) | **1:43.16** |
| 2. | Nixon Kiprotich (KEN) | **1:43.38** |
|  | Sebastian Coe (GBR) | **1:43.38** |
| 4. | Johnny Gray (USA) | **1:43.39** |
| 5. | Abdi Bile (SOM) | **1:43.60** |

### 1,500 metres

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Abdi Bile (SOM) | **3:30.55** |
| 2. | Saïd Aouita (MAR) | **3:30.63** |
| 3. | Wilfred Kirochi (KEN) | **3:32.57** |
| 4. | Gennaro di Napoli (ITA) | **3:32.98** |
| 5. | José Luis González (ESP) | **3:33.33** |

### Mile

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Abdi Bile (SOM) | **3:49.90** |
| 2. | Saïd Aouita (MAR) | **3:50.09** |
| 3. | Wilfred Kirochi (KEN) | **3:50.49** |
| 4. | Joe Falcon (USA) | **3:51.07** |
| 5. | Dieter Baumann (FRG) | **3:51.15** |

### 3,000 metres

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Saïd Aouita (MAR) | **7:29.45** |
| 2. | Yobes Ondieki (KEN) | **7:35.01** |
| 3. | Arturo Barrios (MEX) | **7:35.71** |
| 4. | Dieter Baumann (FRG) | **7:38.93** |
| 5. | Vincent Rousseau (BEL) | **7:39.41** |

### 5,000 metres

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Yobes Ondieki (KEN) | **13:04.24** |
| 2. | Saïd Aouita (MAR) | **13:06.26** |
| 3. | Arturo Barrios (MEX) | **13:07.79** |
| 4. | Brahim Boutayeb (MAR) | **13:12.10** |
| 5. | Sydney Maree (USA) | **13:13.84** |

### 10,000 metres

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Arturo Barrios (MEX) | **27:08.23** |
| 2. | Salvatore Antibo (ITA) | **27:16.50** |
| 3. | Addis Abebe (ETH) | **27:17.82** |
| 4. | Francesco Panetta (ITA) | **27:24.16** |
| 5. | John Ngugi (KEN) | **27:28.07** |

### Half Marathon

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Matthew Temane (RSA) | **1:01:10** |

### Marathon

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Juma Ikangaa (TAN) | **2:08:01** |
| 2. | Belayneh Dinsamo (ETH) | **2:08:40** |
| 3. | Douglas Wakiihuri (KEN) | **2:09:03** |
| 4. | Abebe Mekonnen (ETH) | **2:09:06** |
|  | Steve Moneghetti (AUS) | **2:09:06** |

### 110m Hurdles

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Roger Kingdom (USA) | **12.92** |
| 2. | Colin Jackson (GBR) | **13.11** |
| 3. | Greg Foster (USA) | **13.19** |
| 4. | Renaldo Nehemiah (USA) | **13.20** |
| 5. | Tonie Campbell (USA) | **13.22** |

### 400m Hurdles

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Kevin Young (USA) | **47.86** |
| 2. | Andre Phillips (USA) | **47.94** |
| 3. | Winthrop Graham (JAM) | **48.20** |
| 4. | Danny Harris (USA) | **48.27** |
| 5. | David Patrick (USA) | **48.33** |

### 3,000m Steeplechase

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Peter Koech (KEN) | **8:05.35** |
| 2. | Patrick Sang (KEN) | **8:06.03** |
| 3. | Julius Kariuki (KEN) | **8:12.18** |
| 4. | Joseph Mahmoud (FRA) | **8:13.38** |
| 5. | Graeme Fell (CAN) | **8:15.80** |

### High Jump

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | HEIGHT |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Javier Sotomayor (CUB) | **2.44** |
| 2. | Patrik Sjöberg (SWE) | **2.40** |
| 3. | Hollis Conway (USA) | **2.39** |
| 4. | Hennadiy Avdyeyenko (URS) | **2.37** |
| 5. | Carlo Thränhardt (FRG) | **2.34** |
| | Rudolf Povarnitsyn (URS) | |
| | Dalton Grant (GBR) | |

### Long Jump

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | DISTANCE |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Larry Myricks (USA) | **8.70** |
| 2. | Carl Lewis (USA) | **8.54** |
| 3. | Mike Powell (USA) | **8.49** |
| 4. | Leroy Burrell (USA) | **8.37** |
| 5. | Vladimir Ratushkov (URS) | **8.33** |

### Triple Jump

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | DISTANCE |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Volodymyr Inozemtsev (URS) | **17.62** |
| 2. | Oleg Sakirkin (URS) | **17.58** |
| 3. | Mike Conley (USA) | **17.57** |
| 4. | Charles Simpkins (USA) | **17.53** |
| 5. | Kenny Harrison (USA) | **17.47** |

### Discus

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | DISTANCE |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Wolfgang Schmidt (GDR) | **70.92** |
| 2. | Mike Buncic (USA) | **68.88** |
| 3. | Luis Delís (CUB) | **68.28** |
| 4. | Jürgen Schult (GDR) | **68.12** |
| 5. | Vésteinn Hafsteinsson (ISL) | **67.64** |

### Shot Put

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | DISTANCE |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Ulf Timmermann (GDR) | **22.19** |
| 2. | Randy Barnes (USA) | **22.18** |
| | Werner Günthör (SUI) | |
| 4. | Jim Doehring (USA) | **21.57** |
| 5. | Aleksandr Bagach (URS) | **21.42** |

### Hammer

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | DISTANCE |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Heinz Weis (FRG) | **82.84** |
| 2. | Igor Astapkovich (URS) | **82.52** |
| 3. | Vasiliy Sidorenko (URS) | **82.30** |
| 4. | Yuriy Syedikh (URS) | **81.92** |
| 5. | Andrey Abduvaliyev (URS) | **81.00** |

### Javelin (new design)

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | DISTANCE |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Kazuhiro Mizoguchi (JPN) | **87.60** |
| 2. | Steve Backley (GBR) | **85.90** |
| 3. | Tom Petranoff (USA) | **85.34** |
| 4. | Volker Hadwich (GDR) | **84.84** |
| 5. | Peter Borglund (SWE) | **84.76** |

### Pole Vault

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | HEIGHT |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Sergey Bubka (URS) | **6.00** |
|  | Rodion Gataullin (URS) | **6.00** |
| 3. | Joe Dial (USA) | **5.90** |
| 4. | Grigoriy Yegorov (URS) | **5.81** |
| | Tim Bright (USA) | |

### Decathlon

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | POINTS |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Dave Johnson (USA) | **8549** |
| 2. | Christian Plaziat (FRA) | **8485** |
| 3. | Richardas Malakhovskis (URS) | **8437** |
| 4. | Christian Schenk (GDR) | **8351** |
| 5. | Michael Smith (CAN) | **8317** |

## Women's Best Year Performers

### 60 metres

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Nelli Cooman (NLD) | **7.05** |
| 2. | Gwen Torrence (USA) | **7.07** |
| 3. | Merlene Ottey (JAM) | **7.10** |
| 4. | Alice Brown (USA) | **7.11** |
| 5. | Olga Bogoslovskaya (URS) | **7.12** |

### 100 metres

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Dawn Sowell (USA) | **10.78** |
| 2. | Merlene Ottey (JAM) | **10.95** |
| 3. | Laurence Bily (FRA) | **11.04** |
| 4. | Evelyn Ashford (USA) | **11.05** |
| 5. | Sheila Echols (USA) | **11.07** |

### 200 metres

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Dawn Sowell (USA) | **22.04** |
| 2. | Evette de Klerk (RSA) | **22.06** |
| 3. | Merlene Ottey (JAM) | **22.21** |
| 4. | Silke Möller (GDR) | **22.23** |
| 5. | Dannette Young (USA) | **22.29** |

### 400 metres

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Ana Fidelia Quirot (CUB) | **50.01** |
| 2. | Pauline Davis (BAH) | **50.18** |
| 3. | Grit Breuer (GDR) | **50.48** |
| 4. | Grace Jackson (JAM) | **50.63** |
| 5. | Tatyana Alekseyeva (URS) | **50.74** |

### 800 metres

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Ana Fidelia Quirot (CUB) | **1:54.44** |
| 2. | Sigrun Wodars (GDR) | **1:55.70** |
| 3. | Doina Melinte (ROU) | **1:56.55** |
| 4. | Dalia Matuseviciene (URS) | **1:57.27** |
| 5. | Olga Dogadina (URS) | **1:58.0** |

### 1,500 metres

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Paula Ivan (ROU) | **3:59.23*** |
| 2. | Doina Melinte (ROU) | **4:00.89** |
| 3. | Svetlana Kitova (URS) | **4:02.08** |
| 4. | Yvonne Murray (GBR) | **4:03.13** |
| 5. | Yvonne Mai (GDR) | **4:03.15** |

* Ivan ran 3:59.23 for 1500m on her way to the mile world record of 4:15.61 in Nice.

### Mile

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Paula Ivan (ROU) | **4:15.61** |
| 2. | Doina Melinte (ROU) | **4:20.39** |
| 3. | Svetlana Kitova (URS) | **4:22.52** |
| 4. | Lynn Williams (CAN) | **4:24.75** |
| 5. | Bev Nicholson (GBR) | **4:27.19** |

### 3,000 metres

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Paula Ivan (ROU) | **8:38.48** |
| 2. | Yvonne Murray (GBR) | **8:38.51** |
| 3. | Marie-Pierre Duros (FRA) | **8:38.97** |
| 4. | Elly van Hulst (NED) | **8:40.85** |
| 5. | PattiSue Plumer (USA) | **8:42.12** |

### 5,000 metres

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Kathrin Ulrich (GDR) | **14:59.01** |
| 2. | PattiSue Plumer (USA) | **15:00.00** |
| 3. | Lynn Williams (CAN) | **15:01.30** |
| 4. | Liz McColgan (GBR) | **15:14.54** |
| 5. | Päivi Tikkanen (FIN) | **15:15.76** |

### 10,000 metres

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Ingrid Kristiansen (NOR) | **30:48.51** |
| 2. | Kathrin Ulrich (GDR) | **31:33.92** |
| 3. | Viorica Ghican (ROU) | **31:46.43** |
| 4. | Iris Biba (GDR) | **31:52.09** |
| 5. | Akemi Matsuno (JPN) | **31:54.0** |

### Half Marathon

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Ingrid Kristiansen (NOR) | **1:08:31** |

### Marathon

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Ingrid Kristiansen (NOR) | **2:24:33** |
| 2. | Veronique Marot (GBR) | **2:25:56** |
| 3. | Wanda Panfil (POL) | **2:27:05** |
| 4. | Mun Gyong-Ae (PRK) | **2:27:16** |
| 5. | Kim Jones (USA) | **2:27:54** |

### 60m Hurdles

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Cornelia Oschkenat (GDR) | **7.73** |
| 2. | Ludmila Narozhilenko (URS) | **7.77** |
| 3. | Yordanka Donkova (BUL) | **7.78** |
| 4. | Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA) | **7.81** |
| 5. | Yelizaveta Chernyshova (URS) | **7.82** |

### 100m Hurdles

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Cornelia Oschkenat (GDR) | **12.60** |
| 2. | Monique Éwanjé-Épée (FRA) | **12.65** |
| 3. | Yelizaveta Chernyshova (URS) | **12.68** |
| | Mihaela Pogăcean (ROU) | |
| 5. | Ludmila Narozhilenko (URS) | **12.69** |

### 400m Hurdles

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Sandra Farmer-Patrick (USA) | **53.37** |
| 2. | Myrtle Bothma (RSA) | **53.82** |
| 3. | Petra Krug (GDR) | **54.35** |
| 4. | Debbie Flintoff-King (AUS) | **54.42** |
| 5. | Sally Gunnell (GBR) | **54.64** |

### High Jump

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | HEIGHT |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Silvia Costa (CUB) | **2.04 m** |
| 2. | Heike Balck (GDR) | **2.01 m** |
| 3. | Jan Wohlschlag (USA) | **2.00 m** |
| | Alina Astafei (ROU) | |
| | Heike Henkel (FRG) | |

### Long Jump

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | DISTANCE |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Galina Chistyakova (URS) | **7.24 m** |
| 2. | Helga Radtke (GDR) | **7.15 m** |
| 3. | Larisa Berezhnaya (URS) | **7.12 m** |
| 4. | Marieta Ilcu (ROU) | **7.08 m** |
| 5. | Nijolé Medvedeva (URS) | **6.98 m** |

### Shot Put

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | DISTANCE |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Li Meisu (CHN) | **20.82 m** |
| 2. | Heike Hartwig (GDR) | **20.78 m** |
| 3. | Zhihong HuangCHN (25x17px) | **20.73 m** |
| 4. | Astrid Kumbernuss (GDR) | **20.54 m** |
| 5. | Natalya Lisovskaya (URS) | **20.50 m** |

### Javelin (old design)

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | DISTANCE |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Petra Felke (GDR) | **76.88** |
| 2. | Trine Hattestad (NOR) | **71.12** |
| 3. | Beate Koch (GDR) | **70.76** |
| 4. | Karen Forkel (GDR) | **70.12** |
| 5. | Natalya Shikolenko (URS) | **69.38** |

### Heptathlon

| RANK | 1989 WORLD BEST PERFORMERS | POINTS |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Larisa Nikitina (URS) | **7007** |
| 2. | Anke Behmer (GDR) | **6686** |
| 3. | Remigija Nazaroviené (URS) | **6604** |
| 4. | Liliana Nastase (ROU) | **6602** |
| 5. | Sabine Braun (GDR) | **6575** |

## Marathons

### International Races

| DATE | MARATHON | NATION | MEN'S WINNER | TIME | WOMEN'S WINNER | TIME |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| January 15 | Hamilton | Bermuda | James Doig | **2:26:46** | Sally Zimmer | **2:58:40** |
| January 15 | Marrakech | Morocco | Jean Weyts | **2:15:49** | Janis Klecker | **2:39:19** |
| January 29 | Osaka | Japan |  |  | Lorraine Moller | **2:30:21** |
| February 5 | Oita | Japan | Satoru Shimizu | **2:12:26** |  |  |
| February 5 | Valencia | Spain | Miroslaw Dzienisik | **2:19:09** | Elisenda Pucurull | **2:46:19** |
| February 12 | Manila | Philippines | Osmiro Souza da Silva | **2:24:35** | Cesarina Taroni | **2:55:00** |
| February 26 | Seville | Spain | Suleiman Nyambui | **2:16:59** | Consuelo Alonso | **2:51:33** |
| March 5 | Los Angeles | United States | Arthur Boileau | **2:13:01** | Zoya Ivanova | **2:34:42** |
| March 12 | Arusha | Tanzania | Simon Naali | **2:14:40** | Blanka James | **3:23:03** |
| March 12 | Hong Kong | Hong Kong | Kevin Ball | **2:38:44** | Ko Funglong | **3:41:59** |
| March 19 | Barcelona | Spain | Douglas Kurtis | **2:16:37** | Martine Vandegehuchte | **2:37:41** |
| March 19 | Tokyo | Japan | Hiromi Taniguchi | **2:09:34** |  |  |
| April 9 | Bremem | West Germany | Heinz-Bernhardt Burger | **2:16:42** | Ewa Wrzosek | **2:48:46** |
| April 16 | Rotterdam | Netherlands | Belayneh Dinsamo | **2:08:39** | Elena Murgoci | **2:32:03** |
| April 16 | Vienna | Austria | Alfredo Shahanga | **2:10:28** | Christa Vahlensieck | **2:34:46** |
| April 17 | Boston | United States | Abebe Mekonnen | **2:09:06** | Ingrid Kristiansen | **2:24:33** |
| April 23 | Budapest | Hungary | Stefan Seidemann | **2:19:52** | Dana Hajna | **2:45:50** |
| April 23 | London | United Kingdom | Douglas Wakiihuri | **2:09:03** | Veronique Marot | **2:25:56** |
| April 23 | Lyon | France | Mohamed Youkmane | **2:14:42** | M Carrara | **2:58:59** |
| April 23 | Munich | West Germany | Herbert Steffny | **2:11:30** | Janete Mayal | **2:37:04** |
| April 23 | Rotorua | New Zealand | Paul Ballinger | **2:18:21** | Bernardine Portenski | **2:46:02** |
| April 30 | Les Herbiers | France | Csaba Szűcs | **2:14:29** | Lydia Camberg | **2:43:07** |
| April 30 | Madrid | Spain | Jose Cesar Sousa | **2:15:16** | Elena Cobos | **2:41:14** |
| April 30 | Paris | France | Steve Brace | **2:13:03** | Kazue Kojima | **2:29:23** |
| May 1 | Belfast | Northern Ireland | Ian Bloomfield | **2:20:45** | Rosaleen Hayden | **2:58:31** |
| May 1 | Rome | Italy | Guido Genicco | **2:20:43** | Pascaline Wangui | **2:46:28** |
| May 7 | Amsterdam | Netherlands | Gerard Genicco | **2:13:52** | Gabriela Gorzynska | **2:47:16** |
| May 7 | Long Beach | United States | Rex Wilson | **2:12:27** | Wen Yanming | **2:43:33** |
| May 7 | Pittsburgh | United States | Kenneth Martin | **2:15:28** | Margareth Groos | **2:32:39** |
| May 7 | Vancouver | Canada | Shem-Tov Sabag | **2:19:41** | Anne Mangal | **2:50:05** |
| May 21 | Hamburg | West Germany | Nivaldo Filho | **2:13:21** | Jolanda Homminga | **2:40:28** |
| June 3 | Stockholm | Sweden | David Clarke | **2:13:24** | Evy Palm | **2:33:26** |
| June 4 | Auckland | New Zealand | Murray Fleming | **2:18:28** | Helen Moros | **2:46:35** |
| June 11 | Redcliffe | Australia | Lawrence Adams | **2:22:51** | Jan Fedrick | **2:51:09** |
| June 25 | Rio de Janeiro | Brazil | Joao de Souza | **2:16:07** | Evany Souza | **2:53:47** |
| July 9 | San Francisco | United States | Ernest Tjela | **2:15:01** | Stephanie Robertson | **3:09:08** |
| July 15 | Nuremberg | West Germany | Andreas Achleitner | **2:32:03** | Ulrike Pietzsch | **3:03:07** |
| July 23 | Brisbane | Australia | Bradley Camp | **2:10:11** | Jan Fedrick | **2:51:30** |
| July 30 | Blumenau | Brazil | Valmir de Carvalho | **2:17:52** | Nercy Freitas de Costa | **2:47:47** |
| August 12 | Helsinki | Finland | Jouni Kortelainen | **2:18:58** | Ritva Lemettinen | **2:40:30** |
| August 13 | Adelaide | Australia | John Duck | **2:25:50** | Leslie Watson | **2:49:49** |
| August 20 | Reykjavik | Iceland | Robin Nash | **2:25:49** | Wilma Rusman | **2:47:25** |
| August 26 | Rio de Janeiro | Brazil | Jose Carlos Santana | **2:18:19** | Marinete Quintanilha | **2:56:44** |
| September 9 | Oslo | Norway | Ronald Boreham | **2:19:05** | Olga Durynina | **2:38:15** |
| September 17 | Buenos Aires | Argentina | Juan Pablo Juarez | **2:16:03** | Ana Maria Nielsen | **2:43:58** |
| September 24 | Brussels | Belgium | Pavel Klimes | **2:16:46** | Nelly Aerts | **2:36:49** |
| September 24 | Ciudad Mexico | Mexico | Tesfaye Tafa | **2:17:54** | Maria Flora Morena | **2:44:34** |
| September 24 | Montreal | Canada | Peter Maher | **2:20:07** | Helene Rochefort | **2:39:46** |
| September 24 | Portland | United States | Tsugumichi Sadakata | **2:18:45** | Debra Myra | **2:44:09** |
| October 1 | Berlin |  | Alfredo Shahanga | **2:10:11** | Päivi Tikkanen | **2:28:45** |
| October 8 | Melbourne | Australia | Takeshi Soh | **2:18:13** | Colleen Stephens | '*2:49:18* |
| October 8 | Penang | Malaysia | Amaran Raman | **2:35:09** | Sunita Anand Godara | **3:03:02** |
| October 8 | Venice | Italy | Marco Milani | **2:16:08** | Emma Scaunich | **2:36:02** |
| October 15 | Beijing | China | Peter Dall | **2:12:47** | Mun Gyong-Ae | **2:27:16** |
| October 15 | Istanbul | Turkey | Aydin Ceken | **2:27:41** |  |  |
| October 22 | Athens | Greece | Jan van Rijthoven | **2:23:19** | Leslie Lewis | **2:37:42** |
| October 22 | Frankfurt | West Germany | Herbert Steffny | **2:13:51** | Iris Biba | **2:33:14** |
| October 22 | Hamilton | New Zealand | Robert Schuddeboom | **2:25:23** | Irene Wilson | **3:23:45** |
| October 22 | Split | Croatia | Michel de Maat | **2:26:16** | Tatyana Ulyanova | **3:10:18** |
| October 29 | Chicago | United States | Paul Davies-Hale | **2:11:25** | Lisa Weidenbach | **2:28:15** |
| October 30 | Dublin | Ireland | John Griffin | **2:16:45** | Pauline Nolen | **2:44:32** |
| November 5 | New York City | United States | Juma Ikangaa | **2:08:01** | Ingrid Kristiansen | **2:25:30** |
| November 6 | Lisbon | Portugal | Joaquim Silva | **2:16:56** | Evany Souza | **2:47:27** |
| November 12 | Iraklion | Greece | Christopher Prior | **2:19:05** | Glynis Penny | **2:45:27** |
| November 19 | Rome | Italy | Mohamed Salmi | **2:13:17** | Pascaline Wangui | **2:39:10** |
| November 19 | Tokyo | Japan |  |  | Lyubov Klochko | **2:31:33** |
| November 26 | Bangkok | Thailand | Douglas Kurtis | **2:20:15** | Cesarina Taroni | **2:47:53** |
| November 26 | Kawaguchiko | Japan | Wieslaw Perszke | **2:18:10** | Reiko Hirosawa | **2:53:55** |
| December 3 | Fukuoka | Japan | Manuel Matias | **2:12:54** |  |  |
| December 10 | Honolulu | United States | Simon Naali | **2:11:47** | Carla Beurskens | **2:31:50** |

## Births

## Deaths

* June 22 — Lee Calhoun (56), American athlete (b. 1933)

## InfoBox

| 1989 in athletics | |
| --- | --- |
| Major world events | World Indoor Championships |
| 1988 1990 | |


title: 2000 Tour de Romandie

abstract: The 2000 Tour de Romandie was the 54th edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 2 May to 7 May 2000. The race started in Locarno and finished in Geneva. The race was won by Paolo Savoldelli of the Saeco team.

text:
# 2000 Tour de Romandie

The **2000 Tour de Romandie** was the 54th edition of the Tour de Romandie cycle race and was held from 2 May to 7 May 2000. The race started in Locarno and finished in Geneva. The race was won by Paolo Savoldelli of the Saeco team.

## Route

Stage schedule
| Stage | Date | Route | Distance | Type | | Winner |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| P | 2 May | Locarno | 6.5 km (4.0 mi) |  | Prologue | Paolo Savoldelli (ITA) |
| 1 | 3 May | Locarno to Le Bouveret | 224.3 km (139.4 mi) |  | Flat stage | Mario Cipollini (ITA) |
| 2 | 4 May | Montreux to La Chaux-de-Fonds | 162.1 km (100.7 mi) |  | Hilly stage | Laurent Dufaux (SUI) |
| 3a | 5 May | Neuchatel to Orbe | 66.6 km (41.4 mi) |  | Flat stage | Eddy Mazzoleni (ITA) |
| 3b | 5 May | Orbe to Orbe | 24.2 km (15.0 mi) |  | Individual time trial | Joseba Beloki (ESP) |
| 4 | 6 May | Orbe to Leysin | 160.6 km (99.8 mi) |  | Mountain stage | Andrea Noè (ITA) |
| 5 | 7 May | Aigle to Geneva | 177.8 km (110.5 mi) |  | Flat stage | Mario Cipollini (ITA) |

## Stages

### Prologue

2 May 2000 Locarno, 6.5 km (4.0 mi), individual time trial (ITT)

Prologue Result
| Rank | Rider | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Paolo Savoldelli (ITA) | Saeco–Valli & Valli | 7' 31" |
| 2 | Miguel Ángel Peña (ESP) | ONCE–Deutsche Bank | \+ 10" |
| 3 | Íñigo Cuesta (ESP) | ONCE–Deutsche Bank | \+ 11" |
| 4 | Pavel Padrnos (CZE) | Saeco–Valli & Valli | \+ 12" |
| 5 | Dirk Müller (GER) | Post Swiss Team | \+ 13" |
| 6 | Gabriele Missaglia (ITA) | Lampre–Daikin | \+ 13" |
| 7 | David Millar (GBR) | Cofidis | \+ 13" |
| 8 | Nicolas Jalabert (FRA) | ONCE–Deutsche Bank | \+ 14" |
| 9 | Romāns Vainšteins (LAT) | Vini Caldirola–Sidermec | \+ 15" |
| 10 | Matthias Buxhofer (AUT) | Phonak | \+ 15" |

## General classification

| **Final general classification**  Rank Rider Team Time  1  Paolo Savoldelli (ITA) Saeco–Valli & Valli 21h 01' 41"  2  Joseba Beloki (ESP) Festina \+ 12"  3  Laurent Dufaux (SUI) Saeco–Valli & Valli \+ 27"  4  Andrea Noè (ITA) Mapei–Quick-Step \+ 37"  5  Chann McRae (USA) Mapei–Quick-Step \+ 1' 02"  6  Gilberto Simoni (ITA) Lampre–Daikin \+ 1' 25"  7  José Luis Rubiera (ESP) Kelme–Costa Blanca \+ 1' 31"  8  Roland Meier (SUI) Cofidis \+ 1' 37"  9  Raimondas Rumšas (LTU) Fassa Bortolo \+ 1' 38"  10  Wladimir Belli (ITA) Fassa Bortolo \+ 1' 38" |
| --- |

## InfoBox

2000 Tour de Romandie
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 2–7 May 2000 |
| Stages | 5 + Prologue |
| Distance | 821.5 km (510.5 mi) |
| Winning time | 21h 01' 41" |
| Results | |
| Winner  Paolo Savoldelli (ITA)  (Saeco–Valli & Valli)  Second  Joseba Beloki (ESP)  (Festina)  Third  Laurent Dufaux (SUI)  (Saeco–Valli & Valli) | |
|


title: Backhaul Adaptation Protocol

abstract:
Backhaul Adaptation Protocol (BAP) is a layer 2 Routing protocol used in 5G for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB). This protocol is specified by 3GPP in TS 38.340. The purpose of BAP is to deliver packets to a destination node over multiple hops. BAP is located on top of the 3GPP RLC-layer. A BAP PDU is either a Data PDU or a Control PDU. Data PDUs are used to transport upper layer data along a path towards a destination.
A BAP Data PDU has the following format:
  - D/C bit to indicate if the PDU is BAP Control PDU or a BAP Data PDU
  - 3 Reserved bits
  - 10 bits destination BAP address
  - 10 bits path id
  - Data to be transported, e.g. an IP packet Control PDUs are used to indicate backhaul radio link failures, to poll for flow control information and to provide flow control feedback. A BAP Control PDU has the following format:
  - D/C bit to indicate if the PDU is BAP Control PDU or a BAP Data PDU
  - 4 bits PDU type
    - 0000 = Flow control feedback per BH RLC channel
    - 0001 = Flow control feedback per routing ID
    - 0010 = Flow control feedback polling
    - 0011 = Backhaul Radio Link Failure indication
  - 3 Reserved bits Further information is dependent on PDU type.
For flow control feedback per BH RLC channel, available buffer size is given per BH RLC channel. For flow control feedback per routing ID, available buffer size is given per BAP routing ID. No further information is given in the flow control feedback polling and the BH RLF indication.

text:
# Backhaul Adaptation Protocol

**Backhaul Adaptation Protocol (BAP)** is a layer 2 Routing protocol used in 5G for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) .

This protocol is specified by 3GPP in TS 38.340.

The purpose of BAP is to deliver packets to a destination node over multiple hops. BAP is located on top of the 3GPP RLC-layer.

A BAP PDU is either a Data PDU or a Control PDU.

Data PDUs are used to transport upper layer data along a path towards a destination. A BAP Data PDU has the following format:

* D/C bit to indicate if the PDU is BAP Control PDU (value 0) or a BAP Data PDU (value 1)
* 3 Reserved bits
* 10 bits destination BAP address
* 10 bits path id
* Data to be transported, e.g. an IP packet

Control PDUs are used to indicate backhaul radio link failures, to poll for flow control information and to provide flow control feedback. A BAP Control PDU has the following format:

* D/C bit to indicate if the PDU is BAP Control PDU (value 0) or a BAP Data PDU (value 1)
* 4 bits PDU type
    + 0000 = Flow control feedback per BH RLC channel
    + 0001 = Flow control feedback per routing ID
    + 0010 = Flow control feedback polling
    + 0011 = Backhaul Radio Link Failure (BH RLF) indication
* 3 Reserved bits

Further information is dependent on PDU type. For flow control feedback per BH RLC channel, available buffer size is given per BH RLC channel. For flow control feedback per routing ID, available buffer size is given per BAP routing ID (which consists of BAP address and path ID). No further information is given in the flow control feedback polling and the BH RLF indication.


title: Françoise Deslogères

abstract: Françoise Deslogères was a French ondist.

text:
# Françoise Deslogères

**Françoise Deslogères** (9 May 1929 – 20 September 2020) was a French ondist.

## Life and career

Françoise Deslogères was born in Boulogne-Billancourt on 9 May 1929. She studied music (harmony, piano) with Henri Challan, Geneviève Joy and Jeanne Blancard. She began working on the ondes Martenot in 1957 with inventor Maurice Martenot. In 1968 she founded a trio for ondes Martenot, piano and percussions, the Trio Deslogères. From 1971, she taught the ondes Martenot in Boulogne-Billancourt and at the Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour. Deslogères died in Boulogne-Billancourt on 20 September 2020, at the age of 91.

## Premieres

## Sources

* Alain Pâris: *Dictionnaire des interprètes* Bouquins/Laffont 1989 p. 320


title: 2014 Metro Manila Film Festival

abstract: The 40th Metro Manila Film Festival was the edition of the annual film festival that is held in Metro Manila, Philippines and is organized by the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA). During the film festival, no foreign films are shown in Philippine cinemas and theaters in order to showcase locally produced films. The film festival began on December 23, 2014 and was kicked off by the yearly Parade of Stars' float parade starting from the Quirino Grandstand. It is expected to run until January 7 of the following year. The awards night commenced on December 27, 2014 at the Philippine International Convention Center, and was hosted by Edu Manzano and Kris Aquino. It was also aired via delayed telecast on ABS-CBN.

text:
# 2014 Metro Manila Film Festival

The **40th Metro Manila Film Festival** was the edition of the annual film festival that is held in Metro Manila, Philippines and is organized by the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA). During the film festival, no foreign films are shown in Philippine cinemas and theaters (except IMAX theaters) in order to showcase locally produced films. The film festival began on December 23, 2014 and was kicked off by the yearly Parade of Stars' float parade starting from the Quirino Grandstand. It is expected to run until January 7 of the following year.

The awards night commenced on December 27, 2014 at the Philippine International Convention Center, and was hosted by Edu Manzano and Kris Aquino. It was also aired via delayed telecast on ABS-CBN.

## Official Entries

The official list of entries were announced on June 21, 2014. From the 13 submissions, 8 were chosen for the festival;

| Title | Starring | Studio | Director | Genre |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ***The Amazing Praybeyt Benjamin*** | Vice Ganda, Richard Yap, Tom Rodriguez, Alex Gonzaga, Bimby Aquino-Yap | Star Cinema & Viva Films | Wenn Deramas | Comedy, action |
| ***Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo*** | Robin Padilla, Vina Morales, Daniel Padilla | Philippians Productions | Enzo Williams | Historical drama, action |
| ***English Only, Please*** | Jennylyn Mercado, Derek Ramsay | Quantum Films, Buchi Boy Films & Tuko Film Productions and MJM Productions | Dan Villegas | Romantic comedy |
| ***Feng Shui 2*** | Kris Aquino, Coco Martin | Star Cinema and K Productions | Chito Roño | Horror |
| ***Kubot: The Aswang Chronicles 2*** | Dingdong Dantes, Isabelle Daza, Joey Marquez, KC Montero, Lotlot de Leon | Reality Entertainment, GMA Films and AgostoDos Pictures | Erik Matti | Comedy, horror, action |
| ***Muslim Magnum .357: To Serve and Protect*** | ER Ejercito, Sam Pinto | Scenema Concept International and Viva Films | Francis "Jun" Posadas | Action |
| ***My Big Bossing*** | Ryzza Mae Dizon, Vic Sotto, Marian Rivera, Nikki Gil, Alonzo Muhlach | OctoArts Films, M-Zet Productions and APT Entertainment | Joyce Bernal, Marlon Rivera & Tony Reyes | Comedy, Fantasy |
| ***Shake, Rattle & Roll XV*** | JC de Vera, Erich Gonzales, Dennis Trillo, Carla Abellana, Lovi Poe, Matteo Guidicelli | Regal Entertainment | Dondon Santos, Jerrold Tarog and Perci Intalan | Horror anthology |

## New Wave entries

MMDA started to accept entries for the New Wave category until October 7, 2014. On October 24, 2014, the official list of entries were announced. Films were screened on selected cinemas from December 17 to 24, 2014.

| Title | Starring | Studio | Director | Genre |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ***Gemini*** | Sheena McBride, Brigitte McBride, Mon Confiado, Lance Raymundo, Alvin Anson, Sarah Gaugler | Blackswan Pictures | Ato Bautista | Psychological thriller |
| ***M (Mother's Maiden Name)*** | Zsa Zsa Padilla, Nico Antonio, Dennis Padilla, Gloria Sevilla | Eight Films | Zig Madamba Dulay | Drama |
| ***Magkakabaung*** | Allen Dizon, Gladys Reyes, Chanel Latorre, Emilio Garcia | ATD Entertainment Productions | Jason Paul Laxamana | Drama |
| ***Maratabat: Pride and Honor*** | Julio Diaz, Ping Medina, Chanel Latorre | Blank Pages Productions | Arlyn dela Cruz | Political drama |
| ***Mulat*** | Jake Cuenca, Ryan Eigenmann, Loren Burgos | Dvent Productions | Maria Diane Ventura | Drama, romance |

## Awards

| 2014 Metro Manila Film Festival<br>Gabi ng Parangal | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | December 27, 2014 (2014-12-27) |
| Site | Philippine International Convention Center, Pasay |
| Hosted by | Edu Manzano and Kris Aquino |
| Highlights | |
| Best Picture | *Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo* |
| Most awards | *Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo* (9) |
| Television coverage | |
| Network | ABS-CBN |
|

### Major awards

The following are the winners of the mainstream category:

| Best Picture | Best Director |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
| Best Actor | Best Actress |
|  |  |
| Best Supporting Actor | Best Supporting Actress |
|  |  |
| Best Child Performer | Best Cinematography |
|  |  |
| Best Screenplay | Best Original Story |
|  |  |
| Best Production Design | Best Editing |
|  |  |
| Best Visual Effects | Best Make-up Artist |
|  |  |
| Best Original Theme Song | Best Musical Score |
|  |  |
| Best Sound Engineering | Gatpuno Antonio J. Villegas Cultural Award |
|  |  |
| Best Float | Fernando Poe Jr. Memorial Award for Excellence |
|  |  |
| Youth Choice Award |
|  |

#### Other awards

### New Wave category

The following are the winners of the New Wave category:

* Best Picture – ***Magkakabaung***
* Best Director – **Jason Paul Laxamana, *Magkakabaung***
* Best Actor – **Allen Dizon, *Magkakabaung***
* Best Actress – **Zsa Zsa Padilla, *M (Mother's Maiden Name)***
* Best Supporting Actor – **Kristoffer King, *Maratabat (Pride and Honor)***
* Best Supporting Actress – **Gloria Sevilla, *M (Mother's Maiden Name)***
* Special Jury Prize – ***M (Mother's Maiden Name)***
* Best Student Film – ***Bundok Chubibo* by Glenn Barit**
* Student Film Special Jury Prize – ***Kalaw* by Immy Rempis**
* Best Animation Film – ***An Maogmang Lugar* by Mary Espedido**
* Animation Film Special Jury Prize – ***Cherry* by Dustin Uy**

## Multiple awards

## Box office gross

The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority was criticized for releasing incomplete official earnings of each film. This led to some film studios releasing their own earnings.

| Entry | Gross Ticket Sales | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | December 25 | January 7 |
| *The Amazing Praybeyt Benjamin* | ₱ 53,300,000\* | ₱ 402,000,000\* |
| *Feng Shui 2* | ₱ 31,400,000 |  |
| *My Big Bossing* | ₱ 28,000,000 |  |
| *English Only, Please* |  |  |
| *Kubot: The Aswang Chronicles 2* | ₱ 11,000,000 |  |
|  | **TOTAL** | ₱ 1,014,000,000 |

## InfoBox

2014 Metro Manila Film Festival
40th Metro Manila Film Festival
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Awards | Gabi ng Parangal (lit.'Awards Night') |
| No. of films | 8 |
| Festival date | December 25, 2014 (2014-12-25) to January 7, 2015 (2015-01-07) |


title: 1972 Uber Cup squads

abstract: This article lists the squads for the 1972 Uber Cup participating teams. The age listed for each player is on 6 June 1972 which was the first day of the tournament.

text:
# 1972 Uber Cup squads

This article lists the squads for the **1972 Uber Cup** participating teams. The age listed for each player is on 6 June 1972 which was the first day of the tournament.

## Teams

### Canada

Seven players represented Canada in the 1972 Uber Cup.

| Name | DoB/Age |
| --- | --- |
| Marjory Shedd | 17 March 1926 (aged 46) |
| Mimi Nilsson | 1935 (aged 36–37) |
| Barbara Welch | 28 February 1948 (aged 24) |
| Nancy McKinley | 1945 (aged 26–27) |
| Barb O'Brien | 1943 (aged 28–29) |
| Jane Youngberg | 25 December 1948 (aged 23) |
| Judy Rollick | 17 August 1944 (aged 27) |

### Denmark

Six players represented Denmark in the 1972 Uber Cup.

| Name | DoB/Age |
| --- | --- |
| Annie Bøg Jørgensen | 30 January 1951 (aged 21) |
| Imre Nielsen | 1945 (aged 26–27) |
| Pernille Kaagaard | 1945 (aged 26–27) |
| Karin Jørgensen | 1940 (aged 31–32) |
| Ulla Strand | 21 March 1943 (aged 29) |
| Anne Flindt | 1 February 1943 (aged 29) |

### Indonesia

Eight players represented Indonesia in the 1972 Uber Cup.

| Name | DoB/Age |
| --- | --- |
| Utami Dewi | 16 January 1951 (aged 21) |
| Taty Sumirah | 9 February 1952 (aged 20) |
| Intan Nurtjahja | 1947 (aged 24–25) |
| Regina Masli | 1940 (aged 31–32) |
| Poppy Tumengkol | 1945 (aged 26–27) |
| Retno Kustijah | 19 June 1942 (aged 29) |
| Theodora | 1948 (aged 23–24) |
| Hesty Lianawati | 27 July 1945 (aged 26) |

### Japan

Six players represented Japan in the 1969 Uber Cup.

| Name | DoB/Age |
| --- | --- |
| Noriko Nakayama | 30 May 1943 (aged 29) |
| Hiroe Yuki | 15 November 1948 (aged 23) |
| Kaoru Takasaka | 1949 (aged 22–23) |
| Machiko Aizawa | 1949 (aged 22–23) |
| Etsuko Takenaka | 1950 (aged 21–22) |
| Kiyoko Shibayama | 1952 (aged 19–20) |

### New Zealand

Five players represented New Zealand in the 1973 Uber Cup.

| Name | DoB/Age |
| --- | --- |
| Heather Robson | 6 May 1928 (aged 44) |
| Alison Branfield | 1945 (aged 26–27) |
| Robin Denton | 1950 (aged 21–22) |
| Glenys Waller | 1948 (aged 23–24) |
| Frances Walters | 1947 (aged 24–25) |


title: Baby on Board (film)

abstract: Baby on Board is a 2009 comedy film starring Heather Graham, John Corbett, Jerry O'Connell, Anthony Starke and Lara Flynn Boyle.

text:
# Baby on Board (film)

***Baby on Board*** is a 2009 comedy film starring Heather Graham, John Corbett, Jerry O'Connell, Anthony Starke and Lara Flynn Boyle.

## Plot

The film centers around Angela Marks, an ambitious, image-conscious businesswoman working for over-demanding boss Mary. When Angela becomes unexpectedly pregnant at the peak of her career, her life with her divorce attorney husband, Curtis, is turned upside-down. The film begins with an inconvenient pregnancy that leads to a nine-month roller coaster ride as Angela and Curtis try to cope  even as the interference of best friends Danny and Sylvia escalate the situation into a battle of the sexes.

## Credits

Although credited as *Lara Flynn Boyle* in the opening credits, her name is spelled *Laura Flynn Boyle* in the closing credits. The film's opening credits scene features British singer Natasha Bedingfield's song *I Wanna Have Your Babies.*

## Reception

On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a 20% approval rating based on 5 reviews, with an average score of 4.1/10.

## InfoBox

| Baby on Board | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster | |
| Directed by | Brian Herzlinger |
| Written by | Michael Hamilton-Wright
Russell Scalise |
| Produced by | Emilio Ferrari
Russell Scalise |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Denis Maloney |
| Edited by | Ross Albert |
| Music by | Teddy Castellucci |
| Production
company | Screen Media |
| Distributed by | Lucky Monkey Pictures
National Entertainment Media |
| Release date | * June 9, 2009 (2009-06-09) |
| Running time | 95 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $8 million |


title: 2006 Perth V8 400

abstract: The 2006 Perth V8 400 was a motor race for V8 Supercars held on the weekend of 12–14 May 2006. The event was held at Barbagallo Raceway in Perth, Western Australia, and consisted of three races culminating in 400 kilometres. It was the third round of thirteen in the 2006 V8 Supercar Championship Series.

text:
# 2006 Perth V8 400

The **2006 Perth V8 400** was a motor race for V8 Supercars held on the weekend of 12–14 May 2006. The event was held at Barbagallo Raceway in Perth, Western Australia, and consisted of three races culminating in 400 kilometres. It was the third round of thirteen in the 2006 V8 Supercar Championship Series.

## Background

Britek Motorsports' second car returned to the track after José Fernández' heavy accident in the Adelaide 500, this time with local Sports Sedan driver Tony Ricciardello behind the wheel. The entry's Pukekohe replacement, Mark Porter and his MSport team, returned to the Fujitsu Series.

The only other change occurred at Paul Morris Motorsport; Alan Gurr was back in the teams' Holden Commodore VZ having been replaced by New Zealander Fabian Coulthard at the preceding round across the Tasman.

## Results

### Qualifying

| Pos. | No. | Driver | Team | Car | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 16 | Garth Tander | HSV Dealer Team | Holden Commodore VZ | 56.0401 |
| 2 | 2 | Mark Skaife | Holden Racing Team | Holden Commodore VZ | +0.1492 |
| 3 | 22 | Todd Kelly | Holden Racing Team | Holden Commodore VZ | +0.1874 |
| 4 | 51 | Greg Murphy | Paul Weel Racing | Holden Commodore VZ | +0.3306 |
| 5 | 15 | Rick Kelly | HSV Dealer Team | Holden Commodore VZ | +0.3629 |
| 6 | 888 | Craig Lowndes | Triple Eight Race Engineering | Ford Falcon BA | +0.4088 |
| 7 | 5 | Mark Winterbottom | Ford Performance Racing | Ford Falcon BA | +0.4231 |
| 8 | 7 | Steven Richards | Perkins Engineering | Holden Commodore VZ | +0.4348 |
| 9 | 6 | Jason Bright | Ford Performance Racing | Ford Falcon BA | +0.4541 |
| 10 | 17 | Steven Johnson | Dick Johnson Racing | Ford Falcon BA | +0.4566 |
| 11 | 18 | Will Davison | Dick Johnson Racing | Ford Falcon BA | +0.4747 |
| 12 | 11 | Paul Dumbrell | Perkins Engineering | Holden Commodore VZ | +0.4756 |
| 13 | 8 | Max Wilson | WPS Racing | Ford Falcon BA | +0.5385 |
| 14 | 4 | James Courtney | Stone Brothers Racing | Ford Falcon BA | +0.5840 |
| 15 | 50 | Cameron McConville | Paul Weel Racing | Holden Commodore VZ | +0.6076 |
| 16 | 67 | Paul Morris | Paul Morris Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | +0.6509 |
| 17 | 1 | Russell Ingall | Stone Brothers Racing | Ford Falcon BA | +0.6886 |
| 18 | 55 | Steve Owen | Rod Nash Racing | Holden Commodore VZ | +0.7361 |
| 19 | 021 | Paul Radisich | Team Kiwi Racing | Holden Commodore VZ | +0.7633 |
| 20 | 3 | Jason Richards | Tasman Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | +0.7940 |
| 21 | 88 | Jamie Whincup | Triple Eight Race Engineering | Ford Falcon BA | +0.8161 |
| 22 | 34 | Dean Canto | Garry Rogers Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | +0.8696 |
| 23 | 23 | Andrew Jones | Tasman Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | +0.9380 |
| 24 | 12 | John Bowe | Brad Jones Racing | Ford Falcon BA | +1.0115 |
| 25 | 10 | Jason Bargwanna | WPS Racing | Ford Falcon BA | +1.0478 |
| 26 | 25 | Warren Luff | Britek Motorsport | Ford Falcon BA | +1.0560 |
| 27 | 39 | Alan Gurr | Paul Morris Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | +1.3064 |
| 28 | 33 | Lee Holdsworth | Garry Rogers Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | +1.3797 |
| 29 | 14 | Brad Jones | Brad Jones Racing | Ford Falcon BA | +1.4689 |
| 30 | 20 | Marcus Marshall | Paul Cruickshank Racing | Ford Falcon BA | +1.4793 |
| 31 | 26 | Tony Ricciardello | Britek Motorsport | Ford Falcon BA | +1.8126 |
| Source: | | | | | |

### Top Ten Shootout

| Pos. | No. | Driver | Team | Car | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2 | Mark Skaife | Holden Racing Team | Holden Commodore VZ | 55.8667 |
| 2 | 16 | Garth Tander | HSV Dealer Team | Holden Commodore VZ | +0.0604 |
| 3 | 22 | Todd Kelly | Holden Racing Team | Holden Commodore VZ | +0.3312 |
| 4 | 15 | Rick Kelly | HSV Dealer Team | Holden Commodore VZ | +0.3730 |
| 5 | 888 | Craig Lowndes | Triple Eight Race Engineering | Ford Falcon BA | +0.4076 |
| 6 | 7 | Steven Richards | Perkins Engineering | Holden Commodore VZ | +0.6484 |
| 7 | 51 | Greg Murphy | Paul Weel Racing | Holden Commodore VZ | +0.6874 |
| 8 | 6 | Jason Bright | Ford Performance Racing | Ford Falcon BA | +0.7018 |
| 9 | 5 | Mark Winterbottom | Ford Performance Racing | Ford Falcon BA | +0.8269 |
| 10 | 17 | Steven Johnson | Dick Johnson Racing | Ford Falcon BA | +0.8543 |
| Source: | | | | | |

### Race 1

| Pos. | No. | Driver | Team | Car | Laps | Time/Retired | Grid | Pts. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2 | Mark Skaife | Holden Racing Team | Holden Commodore VZ | 50 | 49:00.3114 | 1 | **128** |
| 2 | 7 | Steven Richards | Perkins Engineering | Holden Commodore VZ | 50 | +0.4609 | 6 | **124** |
| 3 | 888 | Craig Lowndes | Triple Eight Race Engineering | Ford Falcon BA | 50 | +0.6810 | 5 | **120** |
| 4 | 16 | Garth Tander | HSV Dealer Team | Holden Commodore VZ | 50 | +1.1123 | 2 | **116** |
| 5 | 6 | Jason Bright | Ford Performance Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 50 | +1.4786 | 8 | **112** |
| 6 | 5 | Mark Winterbottom | Ford Performance Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 50 | +6.2393 | 9 | **108** |
| 7 | 15 | Rick Kelly | HSV Dealer Team | Holden Commodore VZ | 50 | +7.4305 | 4 | **104** |
| 8 | 8 | Max Wilson | WPS Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 50 | +21.1999 | 13 | **100** |
| 9 | 17 | Steven Johnson | Dick Johnson Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 50 | +21.4416 | 10 | **96** |
| 10 | 1 | Russell Ingall | Stone Brothers Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 50 | +21.4562 | 17 | **92** |
| 11 | 11 | Paul Dumbrell | Perkins Engineering | Holden Commodore VZ | 50 | +21.8253 | 12 | **88** |
| 12 | 4 | James Courtney | Stone Brothers Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 50 | +22.5419 | 14 | **84** |
| 13 | 50 | Cameron McConville | Paul Weel Racing | Holden Commodore VZ | 50 | +22.6972 | 15 | **80** |
| 14 | 51 | Greg Murphy | Paul Weel Racing | Holden Commodore VZ | 50 | +25.4009 | 7 | **76** |
| 15 | 10 | Jason Bargwanna | WPS Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 50 | +26.1558 | 25 | **72** |
| 16 | 18 | Will Davison | Dick Johnson Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 50 | +26.5473 | 11 | **68** |
| 17 | 55 | Steve Owen | Rod Nash Racing | Holden Commodore VZ | 50 | +26.8804 | 18 | **64** |
| 18 | 3 | Jason Richards | Tasman Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | 50 | +27.5268 | 20 | **60** |
| 19 | 67 | Paul Morris | Paul Morris Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | 50 | +28.4120 | 16 | **56** |
| 20 | 23 | Andrew Jones | Tasman Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | 50 | +31.2429 | 23 | **52** |
| 21 | 88 | Jamie Whincup | Triple Eight Race Engineering | Ford Falcon BA | 50 | +32.6532 | 21 | **48** |
| 22 | 34 | Dean Canto | Garry Rogers Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | 50 | +35.5518 | 22 | **44** |
| 23 | 25 | Warren Luff | Britek Motorsport | Ford Falcon BA | 50 | +41.8765 | 26 | **40** |
| 24 | 33 | Lee Holdsworth | Garry Rogers Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | 50 | +47.8426 | 28 | **36** |
| 25 | 12 | John Bowe | Brad Jones Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 50 | +51.8122 | 24 | **32** |
| 26 | 39 | Alan Gurr | Paul Morris Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | 50 | +53.7270 | 27 | **28** |
| 27 | 14 | Brad Jones | Brad Jones Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 49 | +1 Lap | 29 | **24** |
| 28 | 20 | Marcus Marshall | Paul Cruickshank Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 49 | +1 Lap | 30 | **20** |
| 29 | 26 | Tony Ricciardello | Britek Motorsport | Ford Falcon BA | 49 | +1 Lap | 31 | **16** |
| 30 | 22 | Todd Kelly | Holden Racing Team | Holden Commodore VZ | 45 | +5 Laps | 3 | **12** |
| 31 | 021 | Paul Radisich | Team Kiwi Racing | Holden Commodore VZ | 45 | +5 Laps | 19 | **8** |
| *Fastest lap: Todd Kelly (Holden Racing Team), 57.5198* | | | | | | | | |
| Source: | | | | | | | | |

### Race 2

| Pos. | No. | Driver | Team | Car | Laps | Time/Retired | Grid | Pts. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 34 | Dean Canto | Garry Rogers Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | 57:13.4263 | 10 | **64** |
| 2 | 7 | Steven Richards | Perkins Engineering | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +1.4663 | 30 | **62** |
| 3 | 51 | Greg Murphy | Paul Weel Racing | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +2.6490 | 18 | **60** |
| 4 | 88 | Jamie Whincup | Triple Eight Race Engineering | Ford Falcon BA | 58 | +2.7649 | 11 | **58** |
| 5 | 4 | James Courtney | Stone Brothers Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 58 | +6.1706 | 20 | **56** |
| 6 | 021 | Paul Radisich | Team Kiwi Racing | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +8.3044 | 1 | **54** |
| 7 | 23 | Andrew Jones | Tasman Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +11.6166 | 12 | **52** |
| 8 | 1 | Russell Ingall | Stone Brothers Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 58 | +12.8829 | 22 | **50** |
| 9 | 3 | Jason Richards | Tasman Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +13.6690 | 14 | **48** |
| 10 | 16 | Garth Tander | HSV Dealer Team | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +14.3248 | 28 | **46** |
| 11 | 15 | Rick Kelly | HSV Dealer Team | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +14.6516 | 25 | **44** |
| 12 | 33 | Lee Holdsworth | Garry Rogers Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +16.0840 | 8 | **42** |
| 13 | 5 | Mark Winterbottom | Ford Performance Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 58 | +16.1545 | 26 | **40** |
| 14 | 888 | Craig Lowndes | Triple Eight Race Engineering | Ford Falcon BA | 58 | +16.5377 | 29 | **38** |
| 15 | 55 | Steve Owen | Rod Nash Racing | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +20.9543 | 15 | **36** |
| 16 | 10 | Jason Bargwanna | WPS Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 58 | +22.6251 | 17 | **34** |
| 17 | 17 | Steven Johnson | Dick Johnson Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 58 | +23.2394 | 23 | **32** |
| 18 | 2 | Mark Skaife | Holden Racing Team | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +23.6195 | 31 | **30** |
| 19 | 8 | Max Wilson | WPS Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 58 | +27.8559 | 24 | **28** |
| 20 | 11 | Paul Dumbrell | Perkins Engineering | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +28.2460 | 21 | **26** |
| 21 | 67 | Paul Morris | Paul Morris Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +28.5144 | 13 | **24** |
| 22 | 18 | Will Davison | Dick Johnson Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 58 | +31.6303 | 16 | **22** |
| 23 | 39 | Alan Gurr | Paul Morris Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +34.9483 | 6 | **20** |
| 24 | 14 | Brad Jones | Brad Jones Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 58 | +37.2739 | 5 | **18** |
| 25 | 50 | Cameron McConville | Paul Weel Racing | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +38.6798 | 19 | **16** |
| 26 | 25 | Warren Luff | Britek Motorsport | Ford Falcon BA | 57 | +1 Lap | 9 | **14** |
| 27 | 26 | Tony Ricciardello | Britek Motorsport | Ford Falcon BA | 57 | +1 Lap | 3 | **12** |
| 28 | 22 | Todd Kelly | Holden Racing Team | Holden Commodore VZ | 56 | +2 Laps | 2 | **10** |
| Ret | 6 | Jason Bright | Ford Performance Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 52 | Crash | 27 |  |
| Ret | 12 | John Bowe | Brad Jones Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 43 |  | 7 |  |
| Ret | 20 | Marcus Marshall | Paul Cruickshank Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 28 | Steering | 4 |  |
| *Fastest lap: Todd Kelly (Holden Racing Team), 57.4096* | | | | | | | | |
| Source: | | | | | | | | |

### Race 3

| Pos. | No. | Driver | Team | Car | Laps | Time/Retired | Grid | Pts. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2 | Mark Skaife | Holden Racing Team | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | 58:24.7679 | 4 | **128** |
| 2 | 888 | Craig Lowndes | Triple Eight Race Engineering | Ford Falcon BA | 58 | +0.6652 | 3 | **124** |
| 3 | 5 | Mark Winterbottom | Ford Performance Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 58 | +2.7055 | 6 | **120** |
| 4 | 22 | Todd Kelly | Holden Racing Team | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +3.2827 | 30 | **116** |
| 5 | 16 | Garth Tander | HSV Dealer Team | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +3.5633 | 2 | **112** |
| 6 | 1 | Russell Ingall | Stone Brothers Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 58 | +10.0528 | 7 | **108** |
| 7 | 7 | Steven Richards | Perkins Engineering | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +10.5181 | 1 | **104** |
| 8 | 3 | Jason Richards | Tasman Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +12.6366 | 15 | **100** |
| 9 | 88 | Jamie Whincup | Triple Eight Race Engineering | Ford Falcon BA | 58 | +13.7725 | 16 | **96** |
| 10 | 17 | Steven Johnson | Dick Johnson Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 58 | +14.5604 | 10 | **92** |
| 11 | 50 | Cameron McConville | Paul Weel Racing | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +14.5810 | 20 | **88** |
| 12 | 11 | Paul Dumbrell | Perkins Engineering | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +16.6426 | 12 | **84** |
| 13 | 55 | Steve Owen | Rod Nash Racing | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +18.2739 | 19 | **80** |
| 14 | 15 | Rick Kelly | HSV Dealer Team | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +19.0230 | 5 | **76** |
| 15 | 021 | Paul Radisich | Team Kiwi Racing | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +22.9977 | 24 | **72** |
| 16 | 18 | Will Davison | Dick Johnson Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 58 | +23.2502 | 21 | **68** |
| 17 | 39 | Alan Gurr | Paul Morris Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +26.3637 | 26 | **64** |
| 18 | 23 | Andrew Jones | Tasman Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +27.0892 | 18 | **60** |
| 19 | 51 | Greg Murphy | Paul Weel Racing | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +30.3115 | 9 | **56** |
| 20 | 10 | Jason Bargwanna | WPS Racing | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +33.9339 | 17 | **52** |
| 21 | 12 | John Bowe | Brad Jones Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 58 | +34.1764 | 28 | **48** |
| 22 | 34 | Dean Canto | Garry Rogers Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | 58 | +34.7252 | 14 | **44** |
| 23 | 14 | Brad Jones | Brad Jones Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 58 | +52.4033 | 27 | **40** |
| 24 | 33 | Lee Holdsworth | Garry Rogers Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | 57 | +1 Lap | 23 | **36** |
| 25 | 67 | Paul Morris | Paul Morris Motorsport | Holden Commodore VZ | 57 | +1 Lap | 22 | **32** |
| 26 | 20 | Marcus Marshall | Paul Cruickshank Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 57 | +1 Lap | 31 | **28** |
| 27 | 25 | Warren Luff | Britek Motorsport | Ford Falcon BA | 57 | +1 Lap | 25 | **24** |
| 28 | 6 | Jason Bright | Ford Performance Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 55 | +3 Laps | 13 | **20** |
| Ret | 4 | James Courtney | Stone Brothers Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 29 | Engine | 8 |  |
| Ret | 26 | Tony Ricciardello | Britek Motorsport | Ford Falcon BA | 19 |  | 29 |  |
| Ret | 8 | Max Wilson | WPS Racing | Ford Falcon BA | 18 | Suspension | 11 |  |
| *Fastest lap: Garth Tander (HSV Dealer Team), 57.2925* | | | | | | | | |
| Source: | | | | | | | | |

## Round standings

| Pos. | Driver | R1 | R2 | R3 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Steven Richards | 2 | 2 | 7 | 290 |
| 2 | Mark Skaife | **1** | 18 | 1 | 286 |
| 3 | Craig Lowndes | 3 | 14 | 2 | 282 |
| 4 | Garth Tander | 4 | 10 | *5* | 274 |
| 5 | Mark Winterbottom | 6 | 13 | 3 | 268 |
| 6 | Russell Ingall | 10 | 8 | 6 | 250 |
| 7 | Rick Kelly | 7 | 11 | 14 | 224 |
| 8 | Steven Johnson | 9 | 17 | 10 | 220 |
| 9 | Jason Richards | 18 | 9 | 8 | 208 |
| 10 | Jamie Whincup | 21 | 4 | 9 | 202 |
| 11 | Paul Dumbrell | 11 | 20 | 12 | 198 |
| 12 | Greg Murphy | 14 | 3 | 19 | 192 |
| 13 | Cameron McConville | 13 | 25 | 11 | 184 |
| 14 | Steve Owen | 17 | 15 | 13 | 180 |
| 15 | Andrew Jones | 20 | 7 | 18 | 164 |
| 16 | Will Davison | 16 | 22 | 16 | 158 |
| = | Jason Bargwanna | 15 | 16 | 20 | 158 |
| 18 | Dean Canto | 22 | 1 | 22 | 152 |
| 19 | James Courtney | 12 | 5 | Ret | 140 |
| 20 | Todd Kelly | *30* | *28* | 4 | 138 |
| 21 | Paul Radisich | 31 | 6 | 15 | 134 |
| 22 | Jason Bright | 5 | Ret | 28 | 132 |
| 23 | Max Wilson | 8 | 19 | Ret | 128 |
| 24 | Lee Holdsworth | 24 | 12 | 24 | 114 |
| 25 | Alan Gurr | 26 | 23 | 17 | 112 |
| = | Paul Morris | 19 | 21 | 25 | 112 |
| 27 | Brad Jones | 27 | 24 | 23 | 82 |
| 28 | John Bowe | 25 | Ret | 21 | 80 |
| 29 | Warren Luff | 23 | 26 | 27 | 78 |
| 30 | Marcus Marshall | 28 | Ret | 26 | 48 |
| 31 | Tony Ricciardello | 29 | 27 | Ret | 28 |
| Source: | | | | | |

## Championship standings

| Pos. | Driver | Pts | Gap |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Russell Ingall | 780 |  |
| 2 | Garth Tander | 776 | -4 |
| 3 | Steven Richards | 772 | -8 |
| 4 | Rick Kelly | 763 | -17 |
| 5 | Craig Lowndes | 710 | -70 |

| Supercars Championship | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Previous race:
2006 PlaceMakers V8 International | **2006 Supercars Championship** | Next race:
2006 V8 Supercars Winton round |
| Previous year:
2005 Perth 400 | **Perth SuperSprint** | Next year:
2007 BigPond 400 |

## InfoBox

**2006 Perth V8 400**
| Event Information | |
| --- | --- |
| Round 3 of 13 in the 2006 V8 Supercar Championship Series | |
|  | |
| Date | 12–14 May 2006 |
| Location | Perth, Western Australia |
| Venue | Barbagallo Raceway |
| Results | |
| Race 1  Distance  50 laps  120.500 km  Pole position  Mark Skaife
Holden Racing Team  55.8667  Winner  Mark Skaife
Holden Racing Team  49:00.3114 | |
| Race 2  Distance  58 laps  139.780 km  Winner  Dean Canto
Garry Rogers Motorsport  57:13.4263 | |
| Race 3  Distance  58 laps  139.780 km  Winner  Mark Skaife
Holden Racing Team  58:24.7679 | |
| Round Results  First   290 pts  Second   286 pts  Third   282 pts | |


title: Epidendrum philocremnum

abstract: Epidendrum philocremnum is a species of orchid in the genus Epidendrum. The plant is native to Ecuador, in western South America.

text:
# Epidendrum philocremnum

***Epidendrum philocremnum*** is a species of orchid in the genus *Epidendrum*. The plant is native to Ecuador, in western South America.

## InfoBox

| *Epidendrum philocremnum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Tribe: | Epidendreae |
| Subtribe: | Laeliinae |
| Genus: | *Epidendrum* |
| Species: | ***E. philocremnum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Epidendrum philocremnum***<br>Hágsater & Dodson | |
|


abstract: These are the official results of the Women's 400 metres event at the 1982 European Championships in Athens, Greece, held at Olympic Stadium "Spiros Louis" on 7 and 8 September 1982.

text:
# 1982 European Athletics Championships – Women's 400 metres

These are the official results of the **Women's 400 metres** event at the **1982 European Championships** in Athens, Greece, held at Olympic Stadium "Spiros Louis" on 7 and 8 September 1982.

## Medalists

| **Gold** | Marita Koch
*East Germany* |
| --- | --- |
| **Silver** | Jarmila Kratochvílová
*Czechoslovakia* |
| **Bronze** | Taťána Kocembová
*Czechoslovakia* |

## Final

| Rank | Final | Time |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Marita Koch (GDR) | **48.16** WR |
|  | Jarmila Kratochvílová (TCH) | **48.85** NR |
|  | Taťána Kocembová (TCH) | **50.55** |
| 4. | Sabine Busch (GDR) | **50.57** |
| 5. | Irina Baskakova (URS) | **50.58** |
| 6. | Dagmar Rübsam (GDR) | **50.76** |
| 7. | Gaby Bußmann (FRG) | **50.93** |
| 8. | Judit Forgács (HUN) | **52.49** |

## Qualifying heats

| Rank | Heat 1 | Time |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Marita Koch (GDR) | **50.22** |
| 2. | Irina Baskakova (URS) | **51.03** |
| 3. | Taťána Kocembová (TCH) | **51.69** |
| 4. | Judit Forgács (HUN) | **51.88** |
| 5. | Erica Rossi (ITA) | **52.01** |
| 6. | Grażyna Oliszewska (POL) | **53.15** |
| 7. | Claudia Steger (FRG) | **53.56** |
| 8. | Charlotte Holmström (SWE) | **55.22** |

| Rank | Heat 2 | Time |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Jarmila Kratochvílová (TCH) | **50.38** |
| 2. | Dagmar Rübsam (GDR) | **50.55** |
| 3. | Gaby Bußmann (FRG) | **50.64** |
| 4. | Sabine Busch (GDR) | **50.80** |
| 5. | Yelena Korban (URS) | **50.83** |
| 6. | Linsey MacDonald (GBR) | **52.09** |
| 7. | Michelle Scutt (GBR) | **52.11** |
| 8. | Elżbieta Kapusta (POL) | **53.83** |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 16 athletes from 9 countries participated in the event.

## InfoBox

| Women's 400 metres
at the European Athletics Championships | |
| --- | --- |


title: Ashby Folville

abstract: Ashby Folville is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Gaddesby, in the Melton district of Leicestershire, England, south west of Melton Mowbray. In 1931 the parish had a population of 123.

text:
# Ashby Folville

**Ashby Folville** is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Gaddesby, in the Melton district of Leicestershire, England, south west of Melton Mowbray. In 1931 the parish had a population of 123.

## History

The village of 'Ashby' was recorded in the Domesday Book as consisting of twenty-four villagers, three smallholders, two slaves, one priest and being owned by the Countess Judith.

By the time of the Leicestershire Survey of 1124-29 the manor had passed from Judith to her daughter Maud, Countess of Huntingdon and her husband King David I of Scotland.

On 1 April 1936 the parish was abolished and its 1,796 acres (727 ha) were merged with Gaddesby.

### The Folville Family

The Folville element of the placename comes from a family that had its seat here since at least 1137 when its lordship was held of the Honour of Huntingdon by Fulk de Folville. The family name, ultimately derived from Folleville in the French region of Picardy, was attached to several other sites in Leicestershire, including the deserted village of Newbolt Folville.

They seem to have gained most their estate at the beginning of the 12th century. Several of their possessions, such as Ashby and the manor at Teigh in Rutland, were in the hands of other parties at the time of the Domesday survey, but had passed to the Folvilles by the reign of Stephen (1135-1154). The family were certainly well-established in Leicestershire by the mid 13th century. In 1240 a member of the family donated a large sum to the church at Cranoe.

The Folvilles were rebels during both Barons Wars; Sir William Folville (died about 1240) had his lands seized for his part in the First Barons' War in 1216 and Sir Eustace Folville (murdered in 1274) was one of the knights appointed to enforce the Provisions of Oxford in 1258 and stoutly defended Kenilworth Castle after the Battle of Evesham in 1265.

The family gained renown during the reign of Edward II, when they ambushed and killed the Baron of the Exchequer, Roger de Beler. Hugh le Despenser, 1st Earl of Winchester had been stealing people's lands in Leicestershire, using Roger de Beler as an enforcer, and in 1325 de Beler had threatened the Folville family with violence. By the beginning of 1326 much of the country had turned against Edward and the Despencers and preparations for a rebellion led by Edward's wife, Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer had started. The Folville family, headed by Eustace Folville, and encouraged by Sir Roger la Zouch, Lord of Lubbesthorpe murdered de Beler before fleeing to Paris. Following Isabella and Mortimer's successful invasion of England, Edward III was crowned and rebels were pardoned including the Folville family who were celebrated locally with the Folville Cross, said to be located at the site of de Beler's murder.

The Folville Gang flitted in and out of outlawry for many years, but, apart from Richard Folville, vicar of Teigh, who was beheaded in his own churchyard, they ended with their freedom intact.

The manor of Ashby eventually passed via marriage from the Folvilles to the Woodfords and then Smiths.

## Landmarks

After World War II, a resettlement camp for displaced people from Poland was established in a former US Army base in the grounds of Ashby Folville Manor.

## Religious sites

St Mary's Church, Ashby Folville is a Grade I listed building. The Ashby Folville estate was bought in 1890 by Herbert Smith-Carington, then mayor of Worcester (died 1917), who built cottages and a village institute and restored the church. The old wooden roofs of the nave and the new oak panels of the chancel and screen of the Woodford chapel are among the features of interest. In the chancel are memorials to Ralph Woodford (a descendant of the Folvilles) and Elizabeth Woodford. Monuments in the Woodford chapel include a stone knight known as "Old Folville" and the fine monument of Sir Francis Smith and his wife. Stained glass windows by Veronica Whall and Edward Woore were erected in memory of members of the Smith-Carington family.

Cites Sources

## InfoBox

| Ashby Folville | |
| --- | --- |
| St Mary's Church, Ashby Folville | |
| Ashby FolvilleLocation within Leicestershire | |
| OS grid reference | SK706120 |
| Civil parish |  |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | MELTON MOWBRAY |
| Postcode district | LE14 |
| Dialling code | 01664 |
|  | |
| Police | Leicestershire |
| Fire | Leicestershire |
| Ambulance | East Midlands |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
| Website | http://www.ashbyfolville.com |
|


title: Ezekiel 5

abstract: Ezekiel 5 is the fifth chapter of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet/priest Ezekiel, and is one of the Prophetic Books. This chapter contains the prophecies using the division of the prophet's shaved hair as a sign, showing God's judgment upon Jerusalem, by pestilence, by famine, by the sword, and by dispersion. The siege is described again in chapter 6.

text:
# Ezekiel 5

**Ezekiel 5** is the fifth chapter of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet/priest Ezekiel, and is one of the Prophetic Books. This chapter contains the prophecies using the division of the prophet's shaved hair as a sign (Ezekiel 5:1-4), showing God's judgment upon Jerusalem (verses 5–11), by pestilence, by famine, by the sword, and by dispersion (verses 12–17). The siege is described again in chapter 6.

## Text

The original text was written in the Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 17 verses.

### Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008). Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 1Q9 (1QEzek; Pre 68 CE) with the extant verse 1; and 11Q4 (11QEzek; 50 BCE–50 CE) with extant verses 11–17.

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (**B**; $\mathfrak {G}$B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (**A**; $\mathfrak {G}$A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (**Q**; $\mathfrak {G}$Q; 6th century).

## The outcome of the siege (5:1–4)

This section records the 'third acted prophecy of siege' to depict the fate of the people under siege. Isaiah has prophesied over a century earlier that 'Judah would be shaved by the razor of Assyria' (Isaiah 7:20). Ezekiel is to act out the prophecy, giving it a fresh meaning for its fulfilment in the immediate future.

### Verse 1

*"And you, son of man, take a sharp sword, take it as a barber's razor, and pass it over your head and your beard; then take scales to weigh and divide the hair."*

Methodist commentator Joseph Benson notes that hair was "then accounted an ornament, and baldness a token of sorrow, therefore shaving denoted calamity or desolation". It was contrary to Leviticus 21:5 for a Jewish priest to cut his hair or shave his beard:

*Speak to the priests, the sons of Aaron, and say to them: ... 'They shall not make any bald place on their heads, nor shall they shave the edges of their beards nor make any cuttings in their flesh'.*

### Verse 3

*"You shall also take a small number of them \[his hair\] and bind them in the edge of your garment."*

This small number symbolises the remnant of the people of Judah who survived.

## The meaning of the siege signs (5:5–17)

Having described the complete disaster that would soon befall the besieged city, the identity of the city is finally revealed to be Jerusalem (verse 5). It is followed by the reason for the prophecies (verses 5–6a) and God's judgements for the city (verses 8ff).

1. Carley 1974, pp. 35–39.
2. Theodore Hiebert *et al.*, 1996. *The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume VI*. Nashville: Abingdon.
3. Clements 1996, p. 26.
4. Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
5. Ulrich 2010, p. 586.
6. Dead sea scrolls - Ezekiel
7. Fitzmyer 2008, p. 19.
8. 1Q9 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
9. Fitzmyer 2008, p. 110.
10. 11Q4 - 11QEzek at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
11. Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
12. Shepherd, Michael (2018). *A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets*. Kregel Exegetical Library. Kregel Academic. p. 13. ISBN 978-0825444593.
13. Carley 1974, p. 35.
14. Ezekiel 5:1 NKJV
15. Bromiley 1995, p. 574.
16. Coogan 2007, p. 1187 Hebrew Bible.
17. Benson, J., Benson Commentary on Ezekiel 5, accessed 28 October 2019
18. Leviticus 21:1,5
19. Ezekiel 5:3 NKJV
20. Poole, M., Matthew Poole's Commentary on Ezekiel 5, accessed 28 October 2019
21. Carley 1974, p. 38.

## Sources

### Jewish

### Christian

## InfoBox

| Ezekiel 5 | |
| --- | --- |
| chapter 4chapter 6 | |
| A page containing Book of Ezekiel 5:12-17 in Codex Marchalianus (from 6th century CE). | |
| Book | Book of Ezekiel |
| Hebrew Bible part | Nevi'im |
| Order in the Hebrew part | 7 |
| Category | Latter Prophets |
| Christian Bible part | Old Testament |
| Order in the Christian part | 26 |


title: Françoise Dior

abstract: Marie Françoise Suzanne Dior was a French socialite and neo-Nazi underground financier. She was the niece of French fashion designer Christian Dior and Resistance fighter Catherine Dior, who publicly distanced herself from her niece after she married British neo-Nazi activist Colin Jordan in 1963. She was a close friend of Savitri Devi.

text:
# Françoise Dior

**Marie Françoise Suzanne Dior** (7 April 1932 – 20 January 1993) was a French socialite and neo-Nazi underground financier. She was the niece of French fashion designer Christian Dior and Resistance fighter Catherine Dior, who publicly distanced herself from her niece after she married British neo-Nazi activist Colin Jordan in 1963. She was a close friend of Savitri Devi.

## Early life and family

Marie Françoise Suzanne Dior was born on 7 April 1932, the daughter of Madeline Leblanc and Raymond Dior, a left-wing journalist and the brother of French couturier Christian Dior and Resistance fighter Catherine Dior. Her father Raymond, who had been employed at the family business headquarters in Paris for some years, was a Communist International sympathizer, to the despair of his own father Maurice Dior, a fertilizer industrialist. Raymond was involved with the satirical gazette *Le Crapouillot* and embraced radical ideas, advocating the '200 families' conspiracy theory, that is the belief that 200 French industrial and financial families are responsible, in his own words, "for all the ills of the land". Raymond was bisexual, and scholar Graham Macklin notes that Françoise's biological father could have been Valentin de Balla, a Hungarian nobleman.

Dior's attraction to Nazism emerged in her childhood, during the Nazi occupation of France. According to historian Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, "one of the sweetest memories" of Dior was the compliment "What a beautiful little Aryan girl" made to her by an SS-man in Paris. She was initially a fervent royalist and took an interest in the study of pre-Revolutionary France. Dior came to believe that the ideals of the French Revolution were in reality a cover for a global conspiracy led by international elites whose aim was national degeneracy.

On 27 April 1955, Dior married Count Robert-Henri de Caumont-la-Force, a Grimaldi descendant of Prince of Monaco Honoré III, with whom she had a daughter.

## World Union of National Socialists

Dior came to be disappointed by traditional aristocracy and her marriage turned out to be unhappy. The couple divorced in 1960. Having heard in the press of the Trafalgar Square rally held by British neo-Nazi activist Colin Jordan, she travelled to England in the summer of 1962 and became a frequent visitor of the London headquarters of the National Socialist Movement (NSM), a neo-Nazi organisation led by Jordan. The latter began courting Dior and introduced her to Savitri Devi; Dior and Devi became close friends from that moment.

Dior used her fortune and social network to support the creation of the French chapter of the World Union of National Socialists (WUNS), an Anglo-American neo-Nazi organisation established by Jordan and George Lincoln Rockwell at the Cotswold Camp in August 1962. Upon her return to France, she began to head the national section of the WUNS. Dior brought former Waffen SS officer Claude Jeanne to the movement, who founded the West European Federation (FOE) in 1963 – a WUNS branch encompassing France, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Spanish Basque Country and Romandy. However, her success in recruiting former high-ranking Nazis and members of the social elite turned out to be limited. By the time the police dissolved the FOE in May 1964, the group had only 42 members, most of them social misfits.

## Marriage to Colin Jordan

While Jordan was imprisoned following a 1962 conviction for establishing a paramilitary group, Dior became engaged for around a month in June 1963 to another NSM member and friend of Jordan, John Tyndall. That event contributed to a growing feud between the two allies, which led to a split within the NSM in 1964. Upon Jordan's release, however, Dior chose to marry him instead. Jordan proposed to her in September 1963 during a flight to Britain; his relationship with Dior soon took priority over the movement.

After a civil ceremony held in Coventry on 5 October 1963, where demonstrators hurled rotten eggs and apples at the couple as they gave the Nazi salute, Dior and Jordan had a second wedding on 6 October at the NSM headquarters in London. The photographs and newsreel footage of the ceremony – illustrating them mingling blood after cutting their ring fingers with a dagger before letting a "unity drop" fall over an open copy of *Mein Kampf* – were published widely by the press. The guests gave the Hitler salute and the "Horst-Wessel-Lied" was played. Dior also stated, "All I want is little Nazi children." Dior's mother rejected the marriage, saying, "We want to have as little to do with this sad affair", and adding that she would not allow Jordan into her home. Following the media coverage of the events, her aunt Catherine Dior, a Ravensbrück concentration camp survivor, issued a press release denouncing "the publicity given by the press and television to \[her\] niece Françoise Dior's nonsensical statements. The fame of \[her\] brother Christian Dior must not be used to highlight the scandal and risk tarnishing a name carried with honor and patriotism by members of my family." Savitri Devi was unable to attend the wedding; she had been banned from Britain following the Cotswold founding camp of the WUNS in 1962.

Only three months after her wedding to Jordan, the couple separated, again attracting sensational coverage in the press. Dior-Jordan, as she was by then calling herself, was rapidly disillusioned by her husband's leadership qualities and publicly dismissed him as a "middle-class nobody". The *Daily Mirror* ran a front-page headline reading, "Nazi Told: 'Marriage is Over'", with the subheading "You're no Leader, says Françoise". The next day, the paper ran another story with the headline "Please – I love you says Führer", quoting Jordan as he reportedly begged Dior to "please, please, please come home". Dior and Jordan reconciled once she was convinced of his ability to lead the NSM, which had proven to easily fall into factionalism.

## Arrests

Dior remained influential within the NSM in London. On 31 July 1965, she was involved in an arson committed by six NSM members against the Ilford and Lea Bridge Road synagogues. Dior was also the official WUNS representative in France by that year. On 4 June 1965, she was convicted in absentia to a 4-month jail sentence for having displayed neo-Nazi leaflets on the walls of the British embassy in Paris on a previous occasion. Dior then returned to France, where she was arrested in Nice on 4 October 1966 and held in custody for the Paris event.

She was released in February 1967, then eloped to Jersey with her new lover, Terence Cooper, whom she had met at the NSM. The couple soon relocated to Normandy, where they were visited by Savitri Devi, then reappeared in the summer of 1967 in a council house of Dagenham, East London rented by Cooper's family. Both of them had been expelled from the NSM at this point. Dior was questioned by the police and charged with inciting NSM members to set fire to the synagogues in London two years earlier. She received an 18-month jail sentence in January 1968 and was sent to Holloway prison. While in jail, Dior was nicknamed "Nazi Nell" by the other inmates. Jordan divorced his wife in October 1967 on grounds of adultery with Cooper.

In 1969 Dior entered in contact with French neo-Nazi Mark Fredriksen and the FANE to create an antisemitic movement called the Front Uni Antisioniste ('Anti-Zionist United Front'). A meeting was held on 6 February 1969 with Dior, Fredriksen, Henry Coston and Pierre Sidos in order to organise the fight against "Jewish influence and Zionist propaganda", but the organisation never came to light. In October 1970 Dior invited Savitri Devi to stay in her home in Ducey, Normandy. Devi spent 9 months there, working on her memoirs; then returned to New Delhi in August 1971.

## Later life and death

Cooper and Dior lived together in Ducey, Normandy, in a home that had been a former presbytery, from August 1970 until July 1980, when their relationship ended. By the early 1980s, Dior was financially ruined after a bad investment in a Parisian nightclub, and she had to sell the home in 1982.

She joined the mainstream right-wing Rally for the Republic (R.P.R.) and married in 1983 Count Hubert de Mirleau. A leading member of French ethnonationalist think tank GRECE, de Mirleau belonged to one of France's oldest noble houses – although he was not particularly wealthy. He later joined the far-right Front National in 1985.

When British fascist Martin Webster started his short-lived group Our Nation following his expulsion from the National Front in December 1983, Dior allegedly paid some of his legal expenses.

She died of lung cancer on 20 January 1993 in the American Hospital of Neuilly-sur-Seine, aged 60.

In his 2013 autobiographical account of the relationship, entitled *Death by Dior*, Terry Cooper, her partner for 13 years, states that Françoise had incestuous relations with her daughter Christiane, who committed suicide in 1978. Cooper also claims in his book that Françoise was responsible for Christiane's death: after becoming displeased with her daughter, Dior allegedly "brainwashed" her into committing suicide.

### Bibliography

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Françoise Dior | |
| --- | --- |
| Dior and Colin Jordan on their wedding day (1963) | |
| Born | Marie Françoise Suzanne Dior
7 April 1932
Paris, France |
| Died | 20 January 1993(1993-01-20) (aged 60)
Neuilly sur Seine, France |
| Other names | * Françoise de Caumont La Force * Françoise Dior-Jordan * Françoise Dior-de Mirleau |
| Known for | Heiress, post-war neo-Nazi underground financier |
| Spouses | * Robert-Henri Nompar, Comte de Caumont La Force  (m. 1955; div. 1960) * Colin Jordan  (m. 1963; div. 1967) * Comte Hubert de Mirleau  (m. 1983) |
| Children | 1 |
| Relatives |  |


title: Filodrillia ornata

abstract: Filodrillia ornata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Borsoniidae.

text:
# Filodrillia ornata

***Filodrillia ornata*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Borsoniidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 7.5 mm, its width 3.0 mm.

(Original description) The small shell is rather solid, turreted and has a subcylindrical shape. Its colour is uniform buff. The six whorls are rounded, inclusive of the bulbous protoconch.

Sculpture:— The flattened and conspicuous fasciole carries three or four small spiral threads. The remaining spirals are sharp cords, narrower than their interspaces, larger and wider apart on the periphery, about fifteen on the body whorl and five on the penultimate. The radial riblets, so faint as to scarcely appear in the intercostal furrows, form beads on these spirals. These riblets are most developed on the fourth and fifth whorls, and vanish gradually on the body whorl. The aperture is open. The sinus is wide and deep. The inner lip has a thin callus. The siphonal canal is short and broad.

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to Australia and occurs off Tasmania.

## InfoBox

| *Filodrillia ornata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Original image of a shell of *Filodrillia ornata* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Borsoniidae |
| Genus: | *Filodrillia* |
| Species: | ***F. ornata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Filodrillia ornata***<br>Hedley, 1922 | |
|


title: 1972 United Kingdom budget

abstract: The 1972 United Kingdom budget was a budget delivered by Anthony Barber, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, on 21 March 1972. The budget is remembered for its large tax cuts, and led to high inflation and demands for higher wages, as well as the 1976 sterling crisis when the UK government was forced to ask the International Monetary Fund for financial help. It also led the Conservative Party to abandon "Post-war consensus" policies.

text:
# 1972 United Kingdom budget

The **1972 United Kingdom budget** (also known as the **dash for growth budget**) was a budget delivered by Anthony Barber, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, on 21 March 1972. The budget is remembered for its large tax cuts, and led to high inflation and demands for higher wages, as well as the 1976 sterling crisis when the UK government was forced to ask the International Monetary Fund for financial help. It also led the Conservative Party to abandon "Post-war consensus" policies.

## History

The Conservative government of Edward Heath came to power at the 1970 general election held in June of that year, with a plan for free-market–oriented policies as solutions to the country's unemployment and inflation problems, but subsequent events would force the government to largely abandon this strategy. Unemployment had increased considerably by 1972, and in January of that year, the number of unemployed had reached a million, the highest level for more than two decades. Opposed to unemployment on moral grounds, Heath encouraged a famous "U-Turn" in economic policy that precipitated what became known as the "Barber boom". This was a two-range process involving the budgets of 1972 and 1973, the former of which pumped £2.5 billion into the economy in increased pensions and benefits and tax reductions, all of it largely paid for through government borrowing. Among the tax cuts was a £1bn cut in income tax and incentives to business to retain jobs. In terms of government borrowing, £3.4bn would be required to pay for the 1972 budget. With inflation standing at 7.3%, Prime Minister Heath and Chancellor Barber had introduced an official growth target of 5%, with Barber forecasting UK growth would be at 10% within two years. Public expenditure controls were also lifted, with Barber describing his objective as being "To achieve a rate of growth twice as fast as in the past decade".

Within 15 months, with sterling's peg with the dollar having become indefensible, Barber was forced to float the pound, resulting in its rapid depreciation and a consequent increase in inflation. His next budget would see the introduction of wage freezes in an attempt to control inflation, something that led to confrontation with the miners. The UK found itself plunged into the first recession since World War II.

By early 1974, and as a result of the government's Keynesian economic strategy, unemployment had fallen to under 550,000. The economic boom did not last, and the Heath government implemented various cuts that led to the abandonment of policy goals such as a planned expansion of nursery education. The situation was worsened by industrial unrest, as well as the 1973 oil crisis. Inflation eventually reached double digits, and by 1979, interest rates had increased to 11.3%; they would average 12.7% between 1980 and 1989.

Against this background, Heath called a general election in February 1974, which saw the Conservatives replaced by a Labour government. The UK economy continued to perform poorly and in 1976 the government of James Callaghan was required to go to the International Monetary Fund for a loan to help keep the economy afloat. The 1972 budget also led to Heath's defeat at the 1975 Conservative leadership election, which saw Margaret Thatcher elected to lead the party. She would go on to win the 1979 general election. The fallout from the budget throughout the 1970s also convinced many Conservatives that " Keynesian measures which used government spending to boost the economy and cut unemployment, no longer worked".

The mini-budget held on 23 September 2022 has been compared to the 1972 budget because of the large tax cuts announced by the Chancellor, Kwasi Kwarteng, and the negative impact it had on international markets.

1. "BUDGET BRIEFING | Budget blunders". *BBC News*. 9 March 1999. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
2. The Five Giants: A Biography of the Welfare State by Nicholas Timmins
3. "Why the 'Barber boom' that Kwasi Kwarteng's mini-budget recalls was destined for disaster". *The Guardian*. 25 September 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
4. Gausden, Grace (23 September 2022). "Why the biggest tax-cutting budget since 1972 means we're all worse off". *inews.co.uk*. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
5. Macpherson, Nicholas (30 September 2022). "Outlier Britain needs a credible economic plan in a hurry". *The Financial Times*. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
6. "Not yet a crisis, but it doesn't look especially good as chancellor's mini-budget sees pound plummet and sparks extraordinary response from financial markets". *Sky News*. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
7. Waller, Martin (24 September 2022). "Why the economy is now in uncharted territory". Retrieved 2 October 2022.
8. Haslett, Emma (23 September 2022). "Kwasi Kwarteng's plan for growth was a bad idea 50 years ago". Retrieved 2 October 2022.
9. Aldrick, Philip (23 September 2022). "UK's Biggest Tax Cuts Since 1972 Trigger Crash in Pound, Bonds". *Bloomberg News*. Retrieved 23 September 2022.

## InfoBox

1972 (1972) United Kingdom budget
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Presented | 21 March 1972 |
| Parliament | 45th |
| Party | Conservative Party |
| Chancellor | Anthony Barber |
| 19711973› | |


title: 2008 Woking Borough Council election

abstract:
The 2008 Woking Council election took place on 1 May 2008 to elect members of Woking Borough Council in Surrey, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Conservative Party stayed in overall control of the council. After the election, the composition of the council was:
  - Conservative 19
  - Liberal Democrat 17

text:
# 2008 Woking Borough Council election

The **2008 Woking Council election** took place on 1 May 2008 to elect members of Woking Borough Council in Surrey, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Conservative Party stayed in overall control of the council.

After the election, the composition of the council was:

## Background

13 seats were contested in the election with 42 candidates from the Conservatives, Liberal Democrats, Labour and United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP). Labour only put forward 6 candidates, while UKIP had candidates in every ward for the first time. Since the 2007 election the Conservatives had held a majority on the council after a long period with no party holding a majority.

## Election result

The results saw the Conservatives maintain their majority on the council with 19 seats compared to 17 for the Liberal Democrats. Seven new councillors were elected after five sitting councillors stood down and 2 Liberal Democrats lost in the election. The Conservatives gained seats from the Liberal Democrats in Brookwood and Horsell West, while the Liberal Democrats won seats back in Knaphill and Maybury and Sheerwater. Overall turnout in the election at 43.46%, was almost the same as the 43.6% seen in 2007.

Woking Local Election Result 2008
| Party | | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | 7 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 53.8 | 44.1 | 11,230 | +8.7% |
|  | Conservative | 6 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 46.2 | 46.7 | 11,885 | -4.2% |
|  | Labour | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.6 | 1,178 | -4.1% |
|  | UKIP | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.6 | 1,160 | +0.1% |

## Ward results

Brookwood
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | Glynis Preshaw | 488 | 48.7 | +3.4 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Michael Peel | 477 | 47.6 | −1.7 |
|  | UKIP | William March | 19 | 1.9 | +1.9 |
|  | Labour | Richard Ford | 19 | 1.9 | −0.1 |
| Majority | | | 11 | 1.1 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,003 | 52.9 | −1.6 |
|  | Conservative **gain** from Liberal Democrats | | Swing |  |  |

Byfleet
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Anne Roberts | 1,204 | 50.6 | +7.6 |
|  | Conservative | Simon Farrant | 1,106 | 46.5 | −10.5 |
|  | UKIP | Richard Squire | 68 | 2.9 | +2.9 |
| Majority | | | 98 | 4.1 |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,378 | 44.1 | +0.1 |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Goldsworth East
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Rosie Sharpley | 1,261 | 58.4 | +6.5 |
|  | Conservative | David Roe | 654 | 30.3 | −7.1 |
|  | UKIP | Robert Burberry | 126 | 5.8 | +2.5 |
|  | Labour | John Scott-Morgan | 120 | 5.6 | −1.8 |
| Majority | | | 607 | 28.1 | +13.6 |
| Turnout | | | 2,161 | 40.0 | −0.9 |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Goldsworth West
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Ian Eastwood | 661 | 55.3 | −8.9 |
|  | Conservative | Anthony Casey | 369 | 30.9 | +1.7 |
|  | Labour | Paul Brown | 116 | 9.7 | +3.1 |
|  | UKIP | Leo Dix | 50 | 4.2 | +4.2 |
| Majority | | | 292 | 24.4 | −10.6 |
| Turnout | | | 1,196 | 31.3 | −1.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Horsell East and Woodham
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | Michael Smith | 1,100 | 70.3 | −0.8 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | John Doran | 334 | 21.4 | +3.0 |
|  | UKIP | Marion Free | 130 | 8.3 | +1.8 |
| Majority | | | 766 | 48.9 | −3.8 |
| Turnout | | | 1,564 | 44.5 | −3.4 |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Horsell West
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | Anthony Branagan | 1,249 | 48.0 | −2.7 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Ann-Marie Barker | 1,153 | 44.3 | +4.5 |
|  | UKIP | Timothy Shaw | 117 | 4.5 | +0.3 |
|  | Labour | Audrey Worgan | 82 | 3.2 | −0.4 |
| Majority | | | 96 | 3.7 | −7.2 |
| Turnout | | | 2,601 | 49.3 | −2.5 |
|  | Conservative **gain** from Liberal Democrats | | Swing |  |  |

Kingfield and Westfield
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Derek McCrum | 699 | 39.4 | +7.5 |
|  | Conservative | Carl Thomson | 509 | 28.7 | −7.7 |
|  | Labour | John Martin | 478 | 26.9 | +1.7 |
|  | UKIP | Dennis Davey | 88 | 5.0 | −1.4 |
| Majority | | | 190 | 10.7 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,774 | 44.9 | +1.9 |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Knaphill
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Oliver Wells | 1,380 | 49.8 | +7.3 |
|  | Conservative | Beryl Dunham | 1,258 | 45.4 | +1.1 |
|  | UKIP | Duncan Clarke | 131 | 4.7 | −3.1 |
| Majority | | | 122 | 4.4 |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,769 | 39.5 | +2.3 |
|  | Liberal Democrats **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |

Maybury and Sheerwater
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Mohammed Bashir | 1,551 | 49.1 | +14.9 |
|  | Conservative | Rashid Mohammed | 1,104 | 35.0 | −3.8 |
|  | Labour | Nicholas Trier | 363 | 11.5 | −10.4 |
|  | UKIP | Marcia Taylor | 139 | 4.4 | +1.4 |
| Majority | | | 447 | 14.1 |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,157 | 48.6 | +2.8 |
|  | Liberal Democrats **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |

Mount Hermon East
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | David Bittleston | 942 | 54.3 | +10.1 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Philip Goldenberg | 736 | 42.4 | −6.0 |
|  | UKIP | Judith Squire | 56 | 3.2 | −0.7 |
| Majority | | | 206 | 11.9 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,734 | 47.4 | −1.3 |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Mount Hermon West
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Ian Johnson | 965 | 61.0 | +4.3 |
|  | Conservative | Valerian Hopkins | 568 | 35.9 | +0.7 |
|  | UKIP | Mary Kingston | 48 | 3.0 | −1.5 |
| Majority | | | 397 | 25.1 | +3.6 |
| Turnout | | | 1,581 | 37.9 | −5.4 |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Pyrford
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | Ashley Bowes | 1,379 | 70.5 | −5.8 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Andrew Grimshaw | 466 | 23.8 | +6.2 |
|  | UKIP | Robin Milner | 112 | 5.7 | −0.5 |
| Majority | | | 913 | 46.7 | −12.0 |
| Turnout | | | 1,957 | 39.2 | −12.2 |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

West Byfleet
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | Gary Elson | 1,159 | 73.4 | −3.8 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Michael Wilson | 343 | 21.7 | +8.1 |
|  | UKIP | Graham Wood | 76 | 4.8 | +0.7 |
| Majority | | | 816 | 51.7 | −11.9 |
| Turnout | | | 1,578 | 39.2 | −4.0 |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |


title: AutoPro Plaque

abstract: The AutoPro Plaque was awarded annually to the player with the best plus/minus total in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The award was initiated in 1989–90, then known as the Transamerica Plaque, and discontinued in 2001–02.

text:
# AutoPro Plaque

The **AutoPro Plaque** was awarded annually to the player with the best plus/minus total in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The award was initiated in 1989–90, then known as the **Transamerica Plaque,** and discontinued in 2001–02.

## Winners

| Season | Player | Team | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Transamerica Plaque | | | |
| 1989–90 | Martin St. Amour | Trois-Rivières Draveurs | +64 |
| 1990–91 | Christian Lariviere | Saint-Hyacinthe Laser | +50 |
| 1991–92 | Carl Boudreau | Trois-Rivières Draveurs | +49 |
| 1992–93 | Claude Savoie | Victoriaville Tigres | +47 |
| 1993–94 | Michel St. Jacques | Chicoutimi Saguenéens | +64 |
| AutoPro Plaque | | | |
| 1994–95 | Frederic Chartier | Laval Titan Collège Français | +54 |
| 1995–96 | Daniel Goneau | Granby Prédateurs | +82 |
| 1996–97 | Pavel Rosa | Hull Olympiques | +59 |
| 1997–98 | David Thibeault | Victoriaville Tigres | +53 |
| 1998–99 | Simon Tremblay | Québec Remparts | +71 |
| 1999–2000 | Brad Richards | Rimouski Océanic | +80 |
| 2000–01 | Simon Gamache | Val-d'Or Foreurs | +64 |
| 2001–02 | Jonathan Bellemare | Shawinigan Cataractes | +43 |


title: 1933 in architecture

abstract: The year 1933 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.

text:
# 1933 in architecture

The year **1933 in architecture** involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.

## Events

## Buildings and structures

### Buildings opened

### Buildings completed

## Awards

## Publications

* John Betjeman*Ghastly Good Taste, or the depressing story of the rise and fall of British architecture*.
* *The Information Book of Sir John Burnet, Tait & Lorne*.

## Births

## Deaths

## InfoBox

| List of years in architecture (table) |
| --- |
|  |
| Buildings and structures *+...* |