title: 2004 Toronto Blue Jays season

abstract: The 2004 Toronto Blue Jays season was the franchise's 28th season of Major League Baseball. It resulted in the Blue Jays finishing fifth in the American League East with a record of 67 wins and 94 losses, their worst record since 1980. The Blue Jays' radio play-by-play announcer, Tom Cheek, called every Blue Jays game from the team's inaugural contest on April 7, 1977, until June 3, 2004, when he took two games off following the death of his father – a streak of 4,306 consecutive regular season games and 41 postseason games. It was the team's first season where Ace is the sole mascot, following the removal of Diamond at the end of the previous season.

text:
# 2004 Toronto Blue Jays season

The **2004 Toronto Blue Jays** season was the franchise's 28th season of Major League Baseball. It resulted in the Blue Jays finishing fifth in the American League East with a record of 67 wins and 94 losses, their worst record since 1980. The Blue Jays' radio play-by-play announcer, Tom Cheek, called every Blue Jays game from the team's inaugural contest on April 7, 1977, until June 3, 2004, when he took two games off following the death of his father  a streak of 4,306 consecutive regular season games and 41 postseason games. It was the team's first season where Ace is the sole mascot, following the removal of Diamond at the end of the previous season.

## Transactions

Transactions by the Toronto Blue Jays during the off-season before the 2004 season.

### September 2003

| September 29 | Ken Huckaby granted free agency (signed with Texas Rangers to a one-year contract on November 19, 2003).
Doug Linton granted free agency (signed with Kansas City Royals to a one-year contract on January 16, 2004).
John Wasdin granted free agency (signed with Texas Rangers to a one-year contract on October 22, 2003). |
| --- | --- |
| September 30 | DeWayne Wise granted free agency (signed with Atlanta Braves to a one-year, $325,000 contract on October 25, 2003). |

### October 2003

| October 8 | Released Doug Creek. |
| --- | --- |
| October 15 | Bruce Aven granted free agency.
Brian Bowles granted free agency (signed with Milwaukee Brewers to a one-year contract on December 12, 2003).
Mike Colangelo granted free agency (signed with Florida Marlins to a one-year contract on January 28, 2004).
Dan Reichert granted free agency (signed with Milwaukee Brewers to a one-year contract on February 25, 2004).
Anthony Sanders granted free agency (signed with Colorado Rockies to a contract on February 5, 2004).
Tanyon Sturtze granted free agency (signed with Los Angeles Dodgers to a contract on December 19, 2003).
Corey Thurman granted free agency (signed with Cincinnati Reds to a contract on November 26, 2003).
Scott Wiggins granted free agency (signed with Milwaukee Brewers to a contract on November 24, 2003). |
| October 26 | Kelvim Escobar granted free agency (signed with Anaheim Angels to a three-year, $18.75 million contract on November 24, 2003).
Cory Lidle granted free agency (signed with Cincinnati Reds to a one-year, $2.75 million contract on January 6, 2004). |
| October 28 | Re-signed Frank Catalanotto to a one-year, $2.3 million contract. |

### November 2003

| November 18 | Signed free agent Pat Hentgen from the Baltimore Orioles to a one-year, $2.2 million contract.
Acquired Ted Lilly from the Oakland Athletics for Bobby Kielty. |
| --- | --- |
| November 20 | Signed free agent Dave Maurer to a one-year contract. |
| November 26 | Signed free agent Bruce Chen from the Boston Red Sox to a contract. |

### December 2003

| December 9 | Signed free agent Kerry Ligtenberg from the Baltimore Orioles to a two-year, $4.5 million contract. |
| --- | --- |
| December 14 | As part of three-team trade: Acquired Justin Speier from the Colorado Rockies. Traded a player to be named later to the Colorado Rockies (Sandy Nin on December 15, 2003). Traded Mark Hendrickson to the Tampa Bay Devil Rays. In addition, the Tampa Bay Devil Rays sent Joe Kennedy to the Colorado Rockies. |
| December 18 | Signed free agent Miguel Batista from the Arizona Diamondbacks to a three-year, $13.1 million contract. |
| December 21 | Trever Miller granted free agency (signed with Tampa Bay Devil Rays to a one-year, $650,000 contract on January 7, 2004).
Cliff Politte granted free agency (signed with Chicago White Sox to a one-year, $800,000 on January 7, 2004). |
| December 27 | Signed free agent Valerio De Los Santos from the Philadelphia Phillies to a one-year, $850,000 contract. |

### January 2004

| January 1 | Signed free agent Jayson Durocher from the Milwaukee Brewers to a one-year contract. |
| --- | --- |
| January 7 | Signed free agent Terry Adams from the Philadelphia Phillies to a one-year, $1.7 million contract.
Signed free agent Chris Gomez from the Minnesota Twins to a one-year, $750,000 contract.
Signed free agent Chad Hermansen from the Los Angeles Dodgers to a one-year contract.
Signed Mark Lukasiewicz from the Anaheim Angels to a one-year contract.
Tom Wilson selected off of waivers by the San Diego Padres. |
| January 14 | Re-signed Ted Lilly to a two-year, $5 million contract. |
| January 20 | Re-signed Justin Speier to a one-year, $1.6 million contract. |
| January 22 | Re-signed Roy Halladay to a four-year, $42 million contract. |

### March 2004

| March 5 | Released Pete Walker. |
| --- | --- |
| March 29 | Acquired Jason Frasor from the Los Angeles Dodgers for Jayson Werth. |
| March 31 | Selected Sean Douglass off waivers from the Minnesota Twins. |

## Regular season

### Summary

The 2004 season was a disappointing year for the Blue Jays right from the beginning. They started the season 0–8 at SkyDome and never started a lengthy winning streak. Much of that was due to injuries to All-Stars Carlos Delgado, Vernon Wells and Roy Halladay among others. Although the additions of starting pitchers Ted Lilly and Miguel Batista and reliever Justin Speier were relatively successful, veteran Pat Hentgen faltered throughout the season and retired on July 24. Rookies and minor league callups David Bush, Jason Frasor, Josh Towers and others filled the void in the rotation and the bullpen; however, inconsistent performances were evident. Most starting pitchers did not pitch further than the sixth inning; thus, the overused bullpen contributed to the frequent relinquishing of early scoring leads.

The offense really sputtered due to the injuries of Wells, Delgado, Catalanotto and others, although in their absence, Josh Phelps emerged as the team's go to guy, hitting 12 homers and driving in 51 runs before being limited to playing against left-handed pitching and was traded to the Cleveland Indians. Five different catchers were used: Greg Myers, Bobby Estalella, Kevin Cash, Gregg Zaun, and rookie Guillermo Quiróz. Greg Myers was injured running the bases in Minnesota, early in the season, and was lost for the year. Bobby Estalella was called up, but he proved to be brittle as well. Gregg Zaun landed the starting catching job for the rest of the season. Kevin Cash continued to struggle from an offensive standpoint and would be moved in the offseason. The highly touted Guillermo Quiróz was promoted from the minors near the end of the season.

With the team struggling in last place and mired in a five-game losing streak, manager Carlos Tosca was fired on August 8, 2004, and was replaced by first-base coach John Gibbons through the end of the season. The Jays' trying year would also touch long-time radio announcer Tom Cheek, who had to break his streak of calling all 4,306 regular season games in franchise history, upon the death of his father. Cheek had to take more time off later to remove a brain tumor, and by the end of the season, Cheek only called the home games.

Nevertheless, prospects Russ Adams, Gabe Gross, and Alex Ríos provided excitement for the fans. Adams hit his first major league home run in his second game, in which Gross also earned his own first major league grand slam. Alex Ríos was among the MLB Rookie of the Year Award candidates. However, the award went to Bobby Crosby of the Oakland Athletics. Rookie pitchers David Bush, Gustavo Chacín and Jason Frasor also showed promise for the club's future. The Blue Jays' lone MLB All-Star Game representative in 2004 was pitcher Ted Lilly.

On October 2, 2004, the Toronto Blue Jays announced the dismissals of pitching coach Gil Patterson and first-base coach Joe Breeden, effective at the end of the season. One day later, the Blue Jays finished the 2004 campaign with a 3–2 loss against the New York Yankees in front of an announced crowd of 49,948. However, the Jays' *annus horribilis* continued after the game, when it was announced that former pitcher and current TV broadcaster John Cerutti died suddenly of natural causes at the age of only 44.

More losses to the Jays family came in the offseason. Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame member Bobby Mattick, the manager from 1980 to 1981 and perhaps the best baseball man in the organization, suffered a stroke and died at the age of 89. Mattick had also served as the Vice President of Baseball Operations for the Blue Jays. A few days before Christmas, the Jays also mourned the loss of former first baseman Doug Ault, who had hit two home runs in the team's inaugural game in 1977; he was only 54 years old.

Rogers Communications, the owner of the Jays, purchased SkyDome from Sportsco International in November 2004 for approximately $25 million CAD ($21.24 million USD), just a fraction of the construction cost.

Just days after superstar Carlos Delgado became a free agent after the club refused arbitration, the Jays announced the signing of Manitoban third baseman Corey Koskie, formerly of the Minnesota Twins. One month after Koskie was inked, the Jays traded pitching prospect Adam Peterson to the Arizona Diamondbacks for corner infielder/DH Shea Hillenbrand.

### Season standings

AL East
| Team |  |  | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| New York Yankees | 101 | 61 | .623 |  | 5724 | 4437 |
| Boston Red Sox | 98 | 64 | .605 | 3 | 5526 | 4338 |
| Baltimore Orioles | 78 | 84 | .481 | 23 | 3843 | 4041 |
| Tampa Bay Devil Rays | 70 | 91 | .435 | 30½ | 4139 | 2952 |
| Toronto Blue Jays | 67 | 94 | .416 | 33½ | 4041 | 2753 |

### Record vs. opponents

|
Sources: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | ANA | BAL | BOS | CWS | CLE | DET | KC | MIN | NYY | OAK | SEA | TB | TEX | TOR | NL |
| Anaheim |  | 6–3 | 4–5 | 5–4 | 4–5 | 7–2 | 7–0 | 5–4 | 5–4 | 10–9 | 13–7 | 6–1 | 9–10 | 4–5 | 7–11 |
| Baltimore | 3–6 |  | 10–9 | 2–4 | 3–3 | 6–0 | 6–3 | 4–5 | 5–14 | 0–7 | 7–2 | 11–8 | 5–2 | 11–8 | 5–13 |
| Boston | 5–4 | 9–10 |  | 4–2 | 3–4 | 6–1 | 4–2 | 2–4 | 11–8 | 8–1 | 5–4 | 14–5 | 4–5 | 14–5 | 9–9 |
| Chicago | 4–5 | 4–2 | 2–4 |  | 10–9 | 8–11 | 13–6 | 9–10 | 3–4 | 2–7 | 7–2 | 4–2 | 6–3 | 3–4 | 8–10 |
| Cleveland | 5–4 | 3–3 | 4–3 | 9–10 |  | 9–10 | 11–8 | 7–12 | 2–4 | 6–3 | 5–4 | 3–3 | 1–8 | 5–2 | 10–8 |
| Detroit | 2–7 | 0–6 | 1–6 | 11–8 | 10–9 |  | 8–11 | 7–12 | 4–3 | 4–5 | 5–4 | 3–3 | 4–5 | 4–2 | 9–9 |
| Kansas City | 0–7 | 3–6 | 2–4 | 6–13 | 8–11 | 11–8 |  | 7–12 | 1–5 | 2–7 | 2–5 | 3–6 | 4–5 | 3–3 | 6–12 |
| Minnesota | 4–5 | 5–4 | 4–2 | 10–9 | 12–7 | 12–7 | 12–7 |  | 2–4 | 2–5 | 5–4 | 4–5 | 5–2 | 4–2 | 11–7 |
| New York | 4–5 | 14–5 | 8–11 | 4–3 | 4–2 | 3–4 | 5–1 | 4–2 |  | 7–2 | 6–3 | 15–4 | 5–4 | 12–7 | 10–8 |
| Oakland | 9–10 | 7–0 | 1–8 | 7–2 | 3–6 | 5–4 | 7–2 | 5–2 | 2–7 |  | 11–8 | 7–2 | 11–9 | 6–3 | 10–8 |
| Seattle | 7–13 | 2–7 | 4–5 | 2–7 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 5–2 | 4–5 | 3–6 | 8–11 |  | 2–5 | 7–12 | 2–7 | 9–9 |
| Tampa Bay | 1–6 | 8–11 | 5–14 | 2–4 | 3–3 | 3–3 | 6–3 | 5–4 | 4–15 | 2–7 | 5–2 |  | 2–7 | 9–9 | 15–3 |
| Texas | 10–9 | 2–5 | 5–4 | 3–6 | 8–1 | 5–4 | 5–4 | 2–5 | 4–5 | 9–11 | 12–7 | 7–2 |  | 7–2 | 10–8 |
| Toronto | 5–4 | 8–11 | 5–14 | 4–3 | 2–5 | 2–4 | 3–3 | 2–4 | 7–12 | 3–6 | 7–2 | 9–9 | 2–7 |  | 8–10 |

### Transactions

Transactions for the Toronto Blue Jays during the 2004 regular season.

#### April 2004

| April 9 | Signed free agent Gregg Zaun from the Montreal Expos to a one-year contract.
Selected Micheal Nakamura off waivers from the Minnesota Twins. |
| --- | --- |
| April 18 | Sent Scott Cassidy to the Boston Red Sox as part of a conditional deal. |

#### May 2004

| May 1 | Sent Bruce Chen to the Baltimore Orioles as part of a conditional deal. |
| --- | --- |
| May 3 | Received Stubby Clapp from the Cleveland Indians as part of a conditional deal. |
| May 12 | Received Frank Menechino from the Oakland Athletics as part of a conditional deal. |
| May 21 | Signed free agent Bobby Estalella from the Arizona Diamondbacks to a one-year contract. |
| May 27 | Signed free agent Marvin Benard from the Chicago White Sox to a one-year contract. |

#### June 2004

| June 2 | Signed free agent Ryan Glynn from the Atlanta Braves to a contract. |
| --- | --- |
| June 16 | Acquired Julius Matos from the Montreal Expos for G.J. Raymundo. |
| June 23 | Received Anthony Sanders from the Colorado Rockies as part of a conditional deal. |

#### July 2004

| July 14 | Released Mark Lukasiewicz. |
| --- | --- |
| July 24 | Acquired John Hattig from the Boston Red Sox for Terry Adams. |

#### August 2004

| August 2 | Signed free agent Jesús Sánchez from the Cincinnati Reds to a contract. |
| --- | --- |
| August 4 | Acquired Eric Crozier from the Cleveland Indians for Josh Phelps. |

#### September 2004

| September 2 | Released Marvin Benard. |
| --- | --- |
| September 13 | Re-signed Frank Catalanotto to a two-year, $5.4 million contract. |

### 2004 Draft picks

*Source*

The 2004 MLB draft was held on June 78. The Blue Jays had two compensation picks.

| Round | Pick | Player | Position | College/School | Nationality | Signed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1 | 16 | David Purcey | LHP | Oklahoma |  | 2004–07–20 |
| 1 | 32\* | Zach Jackson | LHP | Texas A&M |  | 2004–07–23 |
| 2 | 57 | Curtis Thigpen | C | Texas |  | 2004–07–09 |
| 3 | 83\* | Adam Lind | 1B | South Alabama |  | 2004–06–16 |
| 3 | 87 | Danny Hill | RHP | Missouri |  | 2004–06–16 |
| 4 | 117 | Casey Janssen | RHP | UCLA |  | 2004–06–16 |
| 5 | 147 | Ryan Klosterman | SS | Vanderbilt |  | 2004–06–22 |
| 6 | 177 | Preston Patton | OF | Texas A&M |  |  |
| 7 | 207 | Randy Dicken | RHP | Shippensburg |  | 2004–06–16 |
| 8 | 237 | Rhame Cannon | 1B | The Citadel |  | 2004–06–16 |
| 9 | 267 | Joseph Metropoulos | 1B | Southern California |  | 2004–06–16 |
| 10 | 297 | Brian Hall | 2B | Stanford |  | 2004–06–16 |
| 24 | 717 | Jesse Litsch | RHP | South Florida Community College |  |  |

### Roster

| 2004 Toronto Blue Jays | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Roster** | | | | | | | | | |
| **Pitchers** |  | **Catchers** **Infielders** |  | **Outfielders** **Other batters** |  | **Manager**
**Coaches** |

### Game log

| 2004 Game Log |
| --- |
|
| April: 7–15 (Home: 1–8; Away: 6–7)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Attendance Record  1 April 5 Tigers 7–0 Johnson (1–0) **Halladay** (0–1)  47,817 0–1  2 April 6 Tigers 7–3 Maroth (1–0) **Batista** (0–1) Robertson (1) 21,003 0–2  3 April 7 Tigers 6–3 Bonderman (1–0) **Hentgen** (0–1)  13,100 0–3  4 April 9 @ Red Sox 10–5 **Speier** (1–0) Timlin (0–1)  34,337 1–3  5 April 10 @ Red Sox 4–1 Martínez (1–1) **Halladay** (0–2) Foulke (2) 35,305 1–4  6 April 11 @ Red Sox 6–4 (12) Malaska (1–0) **López** (0–1)  34,286 1–5  7 April 13 @ Tigers 7–5 **Adams** (1–0) Patterson (0–1) **Speier** (1) 8,804 2–5  8 April 14 @ Tigers 5–3 Robertson (1–0) **Lilly** (0–1) Patterson (1) 15,129 2–6  9 April 15 @ Tigers 11–0 **Halladay** (1–2) Johnson (1–2)  17,572 3–6  10 April 16 Orioles 11–2 Riley (1–0) **Batista** (0–2)  14,239 3–7  11 April 17 Orioles 5–3 Ryan (1–0) **Speier** (1–1) Julio (1) 20,177 3–8  12 April 18 Orioles 7–0 DuBose (1–2) **Hentgen** (0–2)  16,842 3–9  13 April 20 Red Sox 4–2 Martínez (2–1) **Halladay** (1–3) Foulke (4) 26,010 3–10  14 April 21 Red Sox 4–2 Wakefield (2–0) **Lilly** (0–2) Foulke (5) 16,163 3–11  15 April 22 Red Sox 7–3 **Adams** (2–0) Schilling (2–1)  16,480 4–11  16 April 23 @ Orioles 11–3 DuBose (2–2) **Towers** (0–1)  26,827 4–12  17 April 24 @ Orioles 5–4 (12) **Ligtenberg** (1–0) DeJean (0–1)  41,093 5–12  18 April 25 @ Orioles 15–3 **Halladay** (2–3) Ponson (2–1)  31,028 6–12  19 April 26 @ Twins 6–1 **Lilly** (1–2) Radke (2–2)  13,859 7–12  20 April 27 @ Twins 7–4 Rincón (3–0) **Speier** (1–2)  14,029 7–13  21 April 28 @ Twins 9–5 Rincón (4–0) **Frasor** (0–1)  15,164 7–14  22 April 29 @ White Sox 6–4 Loaiza (4–0) **Nakamura** (0–1) Koch (2) 11,210 7–15  -- April 30 @ White Sox *Postponed (rain)* Rescheduled for May 1 |
| May: 15–14 (Home: 13–6; Away: 2–8)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Attendance Record  23 May 1 @ White Sox 4–3 (10) Takatsu (1–0) **Speier** (1–3)   7–16  24 May 1 @ White Sox 10–6 **Lilly** (2–2) Wright (0–4)  22,072 8–16  25 May 2 @ White Sox 3–2 Garland (2–1) **Batista** (0–3) Koch (3) 15,550 8–17  26 May 3 Royals 3–2 (10) Field (1–0) **Adams** (2–1) Cerda (1) 13,007 8–18  27 May 4 Royals 5–4 **Hentgen** (1–2) May (0–4) **Frasor** (1) 20,011 9–18  28 May 5 Royals 10–3 **Halladay** (3–3) Anderson (1–3)  14,103 10–18  29 May 7 White Sox 5–4 **Adams** (3–1) Politte (0–1)  15,661 11–18  30 May 8 White Sox 4–2 **Frasor** (1–1) Cotts (0–1) **Adams** (1) 18,368 12–18  31 May 9 White Sox 5–2 **Miller** (1–0) Loaiza (4–2) **Ligtenberg** (1) 17,546 13–18  32 May 10 @ Royals 9–3 **Hentgen** (2–2) Anderson (1–4)  13,803 14–18  33 May 11 @ Royals 5–1 Camp (2–0) **Halladay** (3–4)  15,779 14–19  34 May 12 @ Royals 4–3 Field (2–0) **Adams** (3–2)  29,309 14–20  35 May 13 Red Sox 12–6 **Batista** (1–3) Schilling (4–3)  20,876 15–20  36 May 14 Red Sox 9–3 Embree (2–0) **Ligtenberg** (1–1)  20,948 15–21  37 May 15 Red Sox 4–0 Arroyo (2–1) **Hentgen** (2–3)  36,841 15–22  38 May 16 Red Sox 3–1 **Halladay** (4–4) Martínez (4–3) **Adams** (2) 31,618 16–22  39 May 17 Twins 9–5 Rincón (6–2) **Nakamura** (0–2) Fultz (1) 13,502 16–23  40 May 18 Twins 5–3 **Batista** (2–3) Santana (2–1) **Adams** (3) 25,405 17–23  41 May 19 Twins 6–5 Fultz (2–1) **Adams** (3–3) Nathan (13) 25,675 17–24  42 May 21 @ Red Sox 11–5 Timlin (3–1) **Nakamura** (0–3)  35,287 17–25  43 May 22 @ Red Sox 5–2 Martínez (1–0) **Ligtenberg** (1–2) Foulke (9) 35,196 17–26  44 May 23 @ Red Sox 7–2 Wakefield (4–2) **Batista** (2–4)  35,239 17–27  45 May 24 Angels 6–5 (10) **Frasor** (2–1) Weber (0–2)  15,301 18–27  46 May 26 Angels 6–5 **Adams** (4–3) Percival (2–1)  14,515 19–27  47 May 27 Angels 3–2 **Halladay** (5–4) Washburn (7–2) **Frasor** (2) 14,773 20–27  48 May 28 Rangers 5–4 **Lilly** (3–2) Dickey (4–5) **Frasor** (3) 16,394 21–27  49 May 29 Rangers 6–2 **Batista** (3–4) Dominguez (0–1)  30,704 22–27  50 May 30 Rangers 4–2 Rogers (8–2) **Miller** (1–1) Cordero (16) 22,225 22–28  51 May 31 @ Mariners 6–2 Moyer (4–2) **Hentgen** (2–4)  27,856 22–29 |
| June: 12–15 (Home: 6–6; Away: 6–9)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Attendance Record  52 June 1 @ Mariners 6–5 **López** (1–1) Nageotte (0–1) **Frasor** (4) 24,848 23–29  53 June 2 @ Mariners 5–3 **Lilly** (4–2) Piñeiro (1–7) **Ligtenberg** (2) 25,317 24–29  54 June 3 @ Athletics 2–1 (11) Bradford (3–1) **Adams** (4–4)  10,879 24–30  55 June 4 @ Athletics 6–1 **Towers** (1–1) Bradford (3–2) **Chulk** (1) 12,822 25–30  56 June 5 @ Athletics 4–0 Hudson (6–2) **Hentgen** (2–5)  20,772 25–31  57 June 6 @ Athletics 8–3 Redman (4–3) **Kershner** (0–1)  24,092 25–32  58 June 8 Dodgers 7–1 **Lilly** (5–2) Nomo (3–6)  16,499 26–32  59 June 9 Dodgers 4–0 **Batista** (4–4) Lima (4–2)  18,003 27–32  60 June 10 Dodgers 6–1 Ishii (8–3) **Towers** (1–2)  16,267 27–33  61 June 11 Diamondbacks 3–2 Choate (1–0) **Frasor** (2–2) Valverde (7) 14,259 27–34  62 June 12 Diamondbacks 15–4 **Halladay** (6–4) Good (0–1) **Chulk** (2) 30,349 28–34  63 June 13 Diamondbacks 5–3 Johnson (9–4) **Lilly** (5–3) Valverde (8) 22,766 28–35  64 June 15 @ Giants 4–3 Schmidt (8–2) **Batista** (4–5) Herges (17) 36,737 28–36  65 June 16 @ Giants 10–2 Rueter (3–6) **Hentgen** (2–6)  36,834 28–37  66 June 17 @ Giants 8–5 Brower (4–3) **Speier** (1–4) Herges (18) 40,464 28–38  67 June 18 @ Padres 3–2 **Lilly** (6–3) Wells (2–5) **Frasor** (5) 40,511 29–38  68 June 19 @ Padres 3–2 Linebrink (3–1) **Speier** (1–5) Hoffman (15) 40,307 29–39  69 June 20 @ Padres 3–0 **Batista** (5–5) Lawrence (8–5) **Frasor** (6) 41,060 30–39  70 June 22 Devil Rays 5–1 Harper (2–0) **Hentgen** (2–7)  15,646 30–40  71 June 23 Devil Rays 2–1 (10) **Frasor** (3–2) Colomé (1–1)  14,713 31–40  72 June 24 Devil Rays 19–13 Halama (4–1) **Lilly** (6–4)  14,876 31–41  73 June 25 Expos 3–1 **Towers** (2–2) Day (5–8) **Frasor** (7) 16,484 32–41  74 June 26 Expos 10–5 **Batista** (6–5) Downs (0–1)  23,875 33–41  75 June 27 Expos 9–4 Hernández (5–7) **Hentgen** (2–8)  25,915 33–42  76 June 28 @ Devil Rays 10–2 Zambrano (8–4) **Halladay** (6–5)  11,218 33–43  77 June 29 @ Devil Rays 4–0 **Lilly** (7–4) Halama (4–2)  11,640 34–43  78 June 30 @ Devil Rays 6–2 Brazelton (2–0) **Towers** (2–3)  10,560 34–44 |
| July: 11–14 (Home: 7–5; Away: 4–9)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Attendance Record  79 July 1 @ Devil Rays 14–0 **Batista** (7–5) Hendrickson (5–6)  14,417 35–44  80 July 2 @ Expos 2–0 Hernández (6–7) **Bush** (0–1)  8,220 35–45  81 July 3 @ Expos 2–0 **Halladay** (7–5) Armas (1–3) **Frasor** (8) 8,831 36–45  82 July 4 @ Expos 6–4 Hill (1–1) **Lilly** (7–5) Horgan (1) 8,279 36–46  83 July 6 Mariners 7–6 **Batista** (8–5) Moyer (6–5) **Frasor** (9) 16,262 37–46  84 July 7 Mariners 12–4 **Towers** (3–3) Blackley (1–1)  18,513 38–46  85 July 8 Mariners 10–8 **Speier** (2–5) Guardado (2–1)  16,188 39–46  86 July 9 Angels 5–4 Colón (6–8) **Halladay** (7–6) Percival (14) 15,071 39–47  87 July 10 Angels 11–2 Escobar (5–5) **Lilly** (7–6)  20,635 39–48  88 July 11 Angels 5–2 Lackey (7–8) **Batista** (8–6) Percival (15) 17,573 39–49  89 July 16 @ Rangers 11–2 Drese (5–5) **Halladay** (7–7)  44,348 39–50  90 July 17 @ Rangers 4–0 Rodríguez (3–0) **Lilly** (7–7)  43,189 39–51  91 July 18 @ Rangers 7–5 Brocail (1–1) **Chulk** (0–1) Cordero (28) 24,334 39–52  92 July 19 @ Athletics 5–3 **Towers** (4–3) Saarloos (1–1) **Frasor** (10) 15,480 40–52  93 July 20 @ Athletics 1–0 (14) Lehr (1–1) **Speier** (2–6)  18,885 40–53  94 July 21 @ Yankees 10–3 Vázquez (11–6) **Hentgen** (2–9)  53,031 40–54  95 July 22 @ Yankees 1–0 Rivera (1–0) **Chulk** (0–2)  53,657 40–55  96 July 23 Devil Rays 7–4 **Batista** (9–6) Hendrickson (7–8) **Frasor** (11) 16,633 41–55  97 July 24 Devil Rays 4–2 **Towers** (5–3) Bell (3–4) **Frasor** (12) 18,841 42–55  98 July 25 Devil Rays 5–3 **Bush** (1–1) Zambrano (9–7) **Ligtenberg** (3) 15,784 43–55  99 July 26 Yankees 6–5 (10) Rivera (2–1) **Frasor** (3–3)  30,041 43–56  100 July 27 Yankees 7–4 Proctor (1–0) **Ligtenberg** (1–3) Gordon (3) 30,087 43–57  101 July 28 Yankees 3–2 (10) **Frasor** (4–3) Proctor (1–1)  31,385 44–57  102 July 30 @ Devil Rays 3–0 **Towers** (6–3) Halama (5–5) **Frasor** (13) 10,531 45–57  103 July 31 @ Devil Rays 6–5 Sosa (3–0) **Bush** (1–2) Báez (21) 17,418 45–58 |
| August: 10–20 (Home: 5–10; Away: 5–10)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Attendance Record  104 August 1 @ Devil Rays 5–3 Brazelton (4–3) **Douglass** (0–1) Báez (22) 10,750 45–59  105 August 2 Indians 6–1 **Lilly** (8–7) Lee (10–4)  17,549 46–59  106 August 3 Indians 7–6 **Speier** (3–6) Betancourt (4–5) **Frasor** (14) 15,025 47–59  107 August 4 Indians 14–5 Westbrook (9–5) **Towers** (6–4)  15,675 47–60  108 August 5 Indians 6–3 (10) Betancourt (5–5) **Ligtenberg** (1–4) Wickman (2) 30,037 47–61  109 August 6 @ Yankees 11–4 Vázquez (13–6) **Douglass** (0–2)  48,900 47–62  110 August 7 @ Yankees 6–0 Hernández (4–0) **Lilly** (8–8)  54,025 47–63  111 August 8 @ Yankees 8–2 Lieber (8–7) **Batista** (9–7)  52,616 47–64  112 August 9 @ Yankees 5–4 **Towers** (7–4) Loaiza (9–6) **Frasor** (15) 49,853 48–64  113 August 10 @ Indians 2–0 Durbin (5–4) **Bush** (1–3) Wickman (5) 19,942 48–65  114 August 11 @ Indians 3–2 Sabathia (9–6) **Frederick** (0–1) Wickman (6) 23,696 48–66  115 August 12 @ Indians 6–2 Riske (6–2) **Ligtenberg** (1–5)  22,734 48–67  116 August 13 Orioles 4–0 Ponson (8–12) **Batista** (9–8)  21,234 48–68  117 August 14 Orioles 7–2 **Towers** (8–4) Borkowski (3–3)  35,768 49–68  118 August 15 Orioles 11–7 Groom (3–0) **Chulk** (0–3)  26,132 49–69  119 August 16 @ Red Sox 8–4 Lowe (11–10) **Miller** (1–2) Foulke (20) 35,271 49–70  120 August 17 @ Red Sox 5–4 Foulke (3–3) **Frederick** (0–2)  35,105 49–71  121 August 18 @ Red Sox 6–4 Wakefield (9–7) **Batista** (9–9)  34,867 49–72  122 August 20 @ Orioles 14–4 **Towers** (9–4) Borkowski (3–4)  35,024 50–72  123 August 21 @ Orioles 10–4 **Bush** (2–3) Cabrera (9–6)  38,079 51–72  124 August 22 @ Orioles 8–5 **Miller** (2–2) Bédard (5–8) **Frasor** (16) 44,482 52–72  125 August 23 Red Sox 3–0 **Lilly** (9–8) Martínez (13–5)  27,145 53–72  126 August 24 Red Sox 5–4 Wakefield (10–7) **Batista** (9–10) Foulke (23) 22,217 53–73  127 August 25 Red Sox 11–5 Schilling (16–6) **Towers** (9–5)  22,479 53–74  128 August 26 Yankees 7–4 Nitkowski (1–1) **Frasor** (4–4) Rivera (44) 35,682 53–75  129 August 27 Yankees 8–7 Sturtze (5–2) **Miller** (2–3) Gordon (4) 35,436 53–76  130 August 28 Yankees 18–6 Brown (10–3) **Lilly** (9–9) Rivera (45) 43,541 53–77  131 August 29 Yankees 6–4 **Batista** (10–10) Mussina (9–8) **Frasor** (17) 44,072 54–77  132 August 31 Mariners 7–5 Atchison (2–2) **Ligtenberg** (1–6) Putz (6) 21,174 54–78 |
| September: 10–15 (Home: 6–5; Away: 4–10)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Attendance Record  133 September 1 Mariners 4–2 **Bush** (3–3) Villone (5–5) **Speier** (2) 22,310 55–78  134 September 2 Mariners 8–6 **File** (1–0) Baek (1–1) **Speier** (3) 23,374 56–78  135 September 3 Athletics 7–4 Hudson (11–4) **Lilly** (9–10) Dotel (18) 28,488 56–79  136 September 4 Athletics 9–5 Hammond (4–1) **Frasor** (4–5)  29,149 56–80  137 September 5 Athletics 13–5 **Glynn** (1–0) Harden (9–6)  28,327 57–80  138 September 7 @ Angels 5–2 Colón (14–11) **Bush** (3–4) Percival (27) 36,277 57–81  139 September 8 @ Angels 1–0 **Miller** (3–3) Escobar (9–10) **Speier** (4) 36,905 58–81  140 September 9 @ Angels 5–4 **Lilly** (10–10) Washburn (11–6) **Speier** (5) 37,514 59–81  141 September 10 @ Rangers 10–3 Drese (12–8) **Batista** (10–11)  24,617 59–82  142 September 11 @ Rangers 10–7 Mahay (3–0) **Frasor** (4–6) Cordero (43) 40,587 59–83  143 September 12 @ Rangers 7–6 Brocail (3–1) **Speier** (3–7) Cordero (44) 20,434 59–84  144 September 13 Orioles 9–1 Chen (1–0) **Miller** (3–4)  18,372 59–85  145 September 15 Orioles 3–0 **Lilly** (11–10) Riley (1–4) **Speier** (6) 19,942 60–85  146 September 16 Orioles 9–5 López (13–8) **Batista** (10–12)  21,451 60–86  147 September 17 Devil Rays 11–4 Waechter (4–7) **Towers** (9–6)  25,987 60–87  148 September 18 Devil Rays 4–2 **Bush** (4–4) Ritchie (0–1) **Batista** (1) 33,432 61–87  149 September 19 Devil Rays 9–7 **Chulk** (1–3) Kazmir (2–2) **Speier** (7) 30,714 62–87  150 September 20 @ Yankees 6–3 **Chacín** (1–0) Vázquez (14–10) **Batista** (2) 10,732 63–87  151 September 21 @ Yankees 5–3 Loaiza (10–7) **Halladay** (7–8) Rivera (50) 36,675 63–88  152 September 22 @ Yankees 5–4 **Lilly** (12–10) Hernández (8–1) **Batista** (3) 49,560 64–88  153 September 24 @ Devil Rays 4–2 Hendrickson (10–15) **Towers** (9–7) Báez (29) 13,003 64–89  154 September 25 @ Devil Rays 6–5 Báez (4–3) **Batista** (10–13)  20,978 64–90  -- September 26 @ Devil Rays *Cancelled (Hurricane Jeanne)* Not rescheduled  155 September 27 @ Orioles 4–1 **League** (1–0) Ponson (11–15) **Batista** (4) 17,809 65–90  -- September 28 @ Orioles *Postponed (rain)* Rescheduled for September 29  156 September 29 @ Orioles 7–6 Ryan (4–6) **Speier** (3–8)   65–91  157 September 29 @ Orioles 4–0 Bauer (2–1) **Chacín** (1–1)  20,600 65–92  158 September 30 @ Orioles 9–3 Riley (3–4) **Towers** (9–8)  18,793 65–93 |
| October: 1–2 (Home: 0–0; Away: 1–2)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Attendance Record  159 October 1 Yankees 7–0 **Bush** (5–4) Hernández (8–2)  48,914 66–93  160 October 2 Yankees 4–2 **Halladay** (8–8) Brown (10–6) **Batista** (5) 50,498 67–93  161 October 3 Yankees 3–2 Proctor (2–1) **Towers** (9–9) Sturtze (1) 49,948 67–94 |
| † At Hiram Bithorn Stadium in San Juan, Puerto Rico. |

## Player stats

### Batting

#### Starters by position

*Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Pos | Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C | Gregg Zaun | 107 | 338 | 91 | .269 | 6 | 36 |
| 1B | Carlos Delgado | 128 | 458 | 123 | .269 | 32 | 99 |
| 2B | Orlando Hudson | 135 | 489 | 132 | .270 | 12 | 58 |
| SS | Chris Gomez | 109 | 341 | 96 | .282 | 3 | 37 |
| 3B | Eric Hinske | 155 | 570 | 140 | .246 | 15 | 69 |
| LF | Reed Johnson | 141 | 537 | 145 | .270 | 10 | 61 |
| CF | Vernon Wells | 134 | 536 | 146 | .272 | 23 | 67 |
| RF | Alex Ríos | 111 | 426 | 122 | .286 | 1 | 28 |
| DH | Josh Phelps | 79 | 295 | 70 | .237 | 12 | 51 |

#### Other batters

*Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Frank Catalanotto | 75 | 249 | 73 | .293 | 1 | 26 |
| Frank Menechino | 71 | 236 | 71 | .301 | 9 | 25 |
| Chris Woodward | 69 | 213 | 50 | .235 | 1 | 24 |
| Kevin Cash | 60 | 181 | 35 | .193 | 4 | 21 |
| Dave Berg | 58 | 154 | 39 | .253 | 3 | 23 |
| Gabe Gross | 44 | 129 | 27 | .209 | 3 | 16 |
| Howie Clark | 40 | 115 | 25 | .217 | 3 | 12 |
| Russ Adams | 22 | 72 | 22 | .306 | 4 | 10 |
| Guillermo Quiróz | 17 | 52 | 11 | .212 | 0 | 6 |
| Simon Pond | 16 | 49 | 8 | .163 | 1 | 6 |
| Eric Crozier | 14 | 33 | 5 | .152 | 2 | 4 |
| Greg Myers | 8 | 18 | 4 | .222 | 0 | 1 |
| Bobby Estalella | 5 | 13 | 3 | .231 | 0 | 0 |
| Chad Hermansen | 4 | 7 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 0 |

### Pitching

#### Starting pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Miguel Batista | 38 | 198.2 | 10 | 13 | 4.80 | 104 |
| Ted Lilly | 32 | 197.1 | 12 | 10 | 4.06 | 168 |
| Roy Halladay | 21 | 133.0 | 8 | 8 | 4.20 | 95 |
| Josh Towers | 21 | 116.1 | 9 | 9 | 5.11 | 51 |
| Dave Bush | 16 | 97.2 | 5 | 4 | 3.69 | 64 |
| Justin Miller | 19 | 81.2 | 3 | 4 | 6.06 | 47 |
| Pat Hentgen | 18 | 80.1 | 2 | 9 | 6.95 | 33 |
| Gustavo Chacin | 2 | 14.0 | 1 | 1 | 2.57 | 6 |

#### Other pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sean Douglass | 14 | 38.2 | 0 | 2 | 6.28 | 36 |
| Ryan Glynn | 6 | 20.0 | 1 | 0 | 4.05 | 14 |

#### Relief pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | W | L | SV | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Jason Frasor | 63 | 4 | 6 | 17 | 4.08 | 54 |
| Justin Speier | 62 | 3 | 8 | 7 | 3.91 | 52 |
| Kerry Ligtenberg | 57 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 6.38 | 49 |
| Vinnie Chulk | 47 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4.66 | 44 |
| Terry Adams | 42 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3.98 | 35 |
| Bob File | 24 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4.81 | 15 |
| Jason Kershner | 24 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6.04 | 15 |
| Kevin Frederick | 22 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6.59 | 22 |
| Micheal Nakamura | 19 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 7.36 | 24 |
| Aquilino López | 18 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6.00 | 13 |
| Valerio De Los Santos | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.17 | 10 |
| Brandon League | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 |
| Adam Peterson | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16.88 | 2 |
| Dave Maurer | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54.00 | 1 |
| Frank Menechino | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 |

## Award winners

**All-Star Game**

* Ted Lilly, pitcher

## Farm system

| Level | Team | League | Manager |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| AAA | Syracuse SkyChiefs | International League | Marty Pevey |
| AA | New Hampshire Fisher Cats | Eastern League | Mike Basso |
|  | Dunedin Blue Jays | Florida State League | Omar Malavé |
|  | Charleston Alley Cats | South Atlantic League | Ken Joyce |
| A-Short Season | Auburn Doubledays | New York–Penn League | Dennis Holmberg |
| Rookie | Pulaski Blue Jays | Appalachian League | Gary Cathcart |

LEAGUE CHAMPIONS: New Hampshire

1. "2004 Toronto Blue Jays Trades and Transactions". *baseball-reference.com*. Retrieved July 21, 2023.
2. "2004 Toronto Blue Jays Trades and Transactions". *baseball-reference.com*. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
3. "Feature: 2004 Free Agent Draft Pick Compensation". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
4. Blue Jays All-Stars | bluejays.com: History
5. Johnson, Lloyd, and Wolff, Miles, ed., *The Encyclopedia of Minor League Baseball*, 3rd edition. Durham, North Carolina: Baseball America, 2007

## InfoBox

| 2004 Toronto Blue Jays | |
| --- | --- |
| League | American League |
| Division | East |
| Ballpark | SkyDome |
| City | Toronto |
| Record | 67–94 (.414) |
| Divisional place | 5th |
| Owners | Rogers; Paul Godfrey (CEO) |
| General managers | J. P. Ricciardi |
| Managers | Carlos Tosca, John Gibbons |
| Television | The Sports Network
(Pat Tabler, Rod Black)
Rogers Sportsnet
(Rob Faulds, John Cerutti) |
| Radio | CJCL (AM)
(Jerry Howarth, Tom Cheek, Mike Wilner) |
|  | |


title: Ernie Jones (wide receiver)

abstract: Ernest Lee Jones is an American former professional football wide receiver who played in the National Football League (NFL) and the World League of American Football (WLAF). He played for the Phoenix Cardinals and the Los Angeles Rams of the NFL, and the Amsterdam Admirals of the WLAF. Jones played college football for the Indiana Hoosiers and was selected by the Cardinals in the seventh round of the 1988 NFL draft.

text:
# Ernie Jones (wide receiver)

**Ernest Lee Jones** (born December 15, 1964) is an American former professional football wide receiver who played in the National Football League (NFL) and the World League of American Football (WLAF). He played for the Phoenix Cardinals and the Los Angeles Rams of the NFL, and the Amsterdam Admirals of the WLAF. Jones played college football for the Indiana Hoosiers and was selected by the Cardinals in the seventh round of the 1988 NFL draft.

## NFL career statistics

| Legend | |
| --- | --- |
| **Bold** | Career high |

| Year | Team | Games | | Receiving | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | GP | GS | Rec | Yds | Avg | Lng | TD |
| 1988 | PHO | **16** | 0 | 23 | 496 | **21.6** | **93** | 3 |
| 1989 | PHO | 15 | 9 | 45 | 838 | 18.6 | 72 | 3 |
| 1990 | PHO | 15 | 8 | 43 | 724 | 16.8 | 68 | **4** |
| 1991 | PHO | **16** | **16** | **61** | **957** | 15.7 | 53 | **4** |
| 1992 | PHO | 11 | 5 | 38 | 559 | 14.7 | 72 | **4** |
| 1993 | RAM | 10 | 0 | 5 | 56 | 11.2 | 21 | 2 |
|  | | 83 | 38 | 215 | 3,630 | 16.9 | 93 | 20 |

## InfoBox

Ernie Jones
| No. 86, 83 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Wide receiver |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1964-12-15) December 15, 1964
Elkhart, Indiana, U.S. |
| Height: | 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) |
| Weight: | 191 lb (87 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Memorial
(Elkhart, Indiana) |
| College: | Indiana (1984–1987) |
| NFL draft: | 1988 / round: 7 / pick: 179 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Receptions: 215  Receiving yards: 3,630  Receiving touchdowns: 20 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Atraumatic restorative treatment

abstract: Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) is a method for cleaning out tooth decay from teeth using only hand instruments and placing a filling. It does not use rotary dental instruments to prepare the tooth and can be performed in settings with no access to dental equipment. No drilling or local anaesthetic injections are required. ART is considered a conservative approach, not only because it removes the decayed tissue with hand instruments, avoiding removing more tissue than necessary which preserves as much tooth structure as possible, but also because it avoids pulp irritation and minimises patient discomfort. ART can be used for small, medium and deep cavities caused by dental caries. In shallow to medium-sized cavities (lesions), the decayed tissue removal is carried out until the soft tissue is completely removed and harder tissue is reached. In deeper cavities, the removal of the decay must be carried out more carefully in order to avoid reaching the tooth's pulp. Soft tissue should be left on the cavity floor. The decision on how much decay to remove depends on the depth of the cavity ; and the possibility of reaching the tooth's pulp. Dental radiographs need to be taken to evaluate the depth of the cavity and extension of decay. If too deep and close to the pulp, only the soft decayed tissue is removed from the cavity floor to avoid the risk of pulp exposure. ART is suitable for both primary and permanent dentition and has a large evidence base supporting it.

text:
# Atraumatic restorative treatment

**Atraumatic restorative treatment** (**ART**) is a method for cleaning out tooth decay (dental caries) from teeth using only hand instruments (dental hatchet and spoon-excavator) and placing a filling. It does not use rotary dental instruments (dental drills) to prepare the tooth and can be performed in settings with no access to dental equipment. No drilling or local anaesthetic injections are required. ART is considered a conservative approach, not only because it removes the decayed tissue with hand instruments, avoiding removing more tissue than necessary which preserves as much tooth structure as possible, but also because it avoids pulp irritation and minimises patient discomfort. ART can be used for small, medium and deep cavities (where decay has not reached the tooth nerve dental pulp) caused by dental caries.

In shallow to medium-sized cavities (lesions), the decayed tissue removal is carried out until the soft tissue (demineralised dentine) is completely removed and harder tissue is reached (firm dentine). In deeper cavities (lesions that reach more than two-thirds of dentine thickness on a radiograph), the removal of the decay must be carried out more carefully in order to avoid reaching the tooth's pulp (dental nerve). Soft tissue should be left on the cavity floor. The decision on how much decay to remove (whether to carry out the decay removal to firm dentine or stop when soft dentine has been reached) depends on the depth of the cavity (a filling needs to have a minimum thickness of material to remain strong); and the possibility of reaching the tooth's pulp (the nerve is exposed sometimes when deep cavities are accessed with rotary burs or vigorously with hand instruments, compromising the tooth's vitality).

Dental radiographs need to be taken to evaluate the depth of the cavity and extension of decay. If too deep and close to the pulp, only the soft decayed tissue is removed from the cavity floor to avoid the risk of pulp exposure.

ART is suitable for both primary (baby teeth) and permanent dentition (adult teeth) and has a large evidence base supporting it.

## Background and history

ART was firstly introduced by the dentist Jo Frencken in 1985. It was introduced in Tanzania, where access to dental treatments using drills was restricted by limited dentist availability and a lack of electricity and or piped water. As a result, children's teeth generally decayed until they caused pain or infection and removal was required. At that time, the dentists tried to use only hand instruments to open and/or enlarge small cavities and selectively remove the decayed tissue, followed by the placement of a glass ionomer cement, an adhesive filling that also releases fluoride and helps the tooth's "recovery" from decay (remineralisation). This treatment was tested in clinical trials and found to be effective.

Although ART was initially developed in response to the needs of populations with less access to dental care, it had similar outcomes to more invasive treatments (local anaesthetic and drilling the tooth with dental bur). This means that it is suitable for use in any type of setting (from deprived communities to dental clinics) and it has been widely adopted into mainstream care. Due to its "atraumatic approach", it has also been proven to be beneficial for patients with dental anxiety or learning disabilities, even where there is adequate dental care, as neither drilling nor local anaesthetics are required.

During the International Caries Consensus Collaboration (ICCC) meeting held in Leuven in 2015, ART was recommended by an international group of experts in cariology, restorative and paediatric dentistry as an option to treat decayed primary and permanent teeth with decay where restorative options were indicated, such as cavities that were difficult to clean using only toothbrushes and fluoride toothpaste.

## Concept

There are two different ART procedures with different aims: preventive (ART fissure sealant for non-cavitated teeth); and restorative (ART filling for decayed and cavitated teeth)

### Preventive

Adult teeth that erupt behind the baby back teeth have deep grooves (fissures) and are more susceptible to accumulating food debris and dental plaque which can stagnate and lead to decay. They are also difficult to toothbrush properly. While they are erupting, they are very susceptible to decay and it is very difficult to keep them dry enough to use a resin-based sealant material successfully. However, sealing the tooth pits and fissures helps make cleaning the tooth easier and stops the accumulation of plaque biofilm, so a high viscosity glass ionomer cement (HVGIC) is used to seal these teeth, covering the pits and fissures. This is done by cleaning the tooth, placing a layer of HVGIC over the back teeth and using finger pressure to keep it in place and dry until the HVGIC material sets. Excess material is removed. If necessary, it is adjusted to fit the bite using hand instruments.

### Restorative

Where the enamel (the hard outer surface of the tooth) has cavitated or even has a small breach due to tooth decay, the cavity can be enlarged with special hand instruments when necessary to enable access to the soft decayed tooth tissue. After removing as much decay as necessary, the cavity is cleaned with water, dried and filled with the HVGIC. The filling seals the cavity preventing food debris and dental plaque stagnating inside the cavity. It also promotes remineralisation of the dental tissues affected by decay. When the cavity is sealed any decay and bacteria that has been left on the floor of the cavity cannot get access to oxygen and sugar and will not continue.

## Effectiveness of sealants

1. The retention rate of ART sealants using HVGIC has improved significantly compared to low and medium viscosity-viscosity glass-ionomers previously used.
2. ART sealants appear to have a high caries preventive effect.
3. ART/HVGIC sealants are effective in controlling dentine-carious-lesion development in pits and fissures.
4. Occurrence of secondary carious lesions are rare at the tooth-restoration interface of single-surface ART/HVGIC restorations in primary teeth.

### ART sealants versus resin-based sealants

1. Compared to resin composite sealants, ART/HVGIC sealants appear to be more effective in erupting permanent molars where moisture control is hard to achieve due to the water-like nature of the glass-ionomer material and less sensitive technique. However, moisture control should always be attempted as much as possible for a better material survival.
2. The full- and partial-retention survival of ART/HVGIC is lower compared to resin-based sealants.
3. 4 systematic reviews and meta-analyses, one of which is a Cochrane review. show that there is no difference in terms of dentine caries-lesion preventive effects between both types of sealants.

## Indications

ART fillings can be used in multiple situations, such as for single-surface cavities in primary (baby teeth) and permanent (adult) teeth, and multiple-surface cavities in primary teeth, if no other option is available or suitable (e.g. Hall Technique). They can also be used for non-frankly cavitated lesions (presenting a shadow under the enamel) that are not suitable for sealing. In addition, the procedure is particularly suitable for children, uncooperative, disabled and anxious patients.

## Contraindications

ART fillings should not be used when there is:

1. Swelling or a fistula near the decayed tooth;
2. Pulpal exposure (the nerve of the tooth is visible);
3. History of pain from the teeth to be treated;
4. Lesions that cannot be accessed with hand instruments (proximal side);
5. Multi-surface cavities in permanent teeth; and
6. Teeth that are badly broken down, which are unrestorable.

## Effectiveness

1. ART is effective for restoring single-surface cavities in both primary and permanent dentition and should be considered as the preferred option.
2. ART shows higher failure rates for multi-surface carious lesions restorations when compared to single-surface lesions. Meta-analysis concluded that the mean annual failure rate for multiple-surface ART restorations in primary teeth are still high.
3. Very few studies have investigated the survival (success) of ART restorations in multiple-surface cavities in permanent teeth, and it is not possible to draw conclusions yet.
4. ART preserves the tooth structure as only the soft demineralised tissue in deep cavities is removed.
5. Low pain and discomfort are experienced. Dental anxiety is lower when performing ART when compared to conventional drill-and-fill methods.

### Comparison with conventional fillings

1. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses show that there are no differences between ART/HVGIC restorations in terms of longevity in primary teeth (for both single- and multiple-surface lesions) compared to the conventional methods using either amalgam or resin composite.
2. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have shown that there are no differences between ART restorations for single-surface lesions in permanent teeth when compared to conventional filling methods.
3. However, a 2017 Cochrane Review on ART could not draw any conclusions about ART/HVGIC restorations compared to amalgam or composite restoration due to the low quality of the evidence.

## Evidence

Below is the summary of success of ART/HVGIC restorations in different type of cavities.

| Type of cavities using ART/HVGIC | Evidence of restoration success |
| --- | --- |
| Single-surface in posterior primary teeth (baby back teeth) for first 2 years | High (survival percentage = 94.3% \[± 1.5\]) |
| Multiple-surface in posterior primary teeth for first 2 years | Medium to low (survival percentage = 65.4% \[± 3.9\]) |
| Single-surface in posterior permanent teeth (back adult teeth) for first 3 years | High (survival percentage = 87.1% \[± 3.2\]) |
| Multiple-surface in posterior permanent teeth | No conclusion can be drawn due to insufficient data |

Although originally developed for use in developing countries, due to its "atraumatic" approach, ART has become increasingly well accepted in developed countries. Although ART alone is insufficient to improve the oral health of people in low- and middle-income countries in a sustainable manner, the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre of Oral Health Care Planning and Future Scenarios in Nijmegen has included it in the Basic Package of Oral Care (BPOC). This aims to improve the oral health of deprived communities in a cost-effective manner. This package comprises three components:

* **Oral urgent treatment (OUT)** – relief of oral pain (through extracting non-repairable painful teeth; and other urgent treatment), first aid for oral infections and dental trauma;
* **Affordable fluoride toothpaste (AFT)** – through oral health promotion and prevention of caries and gingivitis through toothbrushing using toothpaste fluoride; and
* **Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART)** – operative and preventive caries management through the use of the ART approach (sealants and fillings), introduction of dental care to young children and patients with dental fear or anxiety, presenting with mental or physical disabilities or home-bound elderly and those stay in nursing homes; and ART as an intermediate treatment to stabilize conditions in high-risk caries clinical situations.

### ART in multiple-surface cavities

ART/HVGIC restorations can be successfully used in single-surface lesions in both primary (SDCEP) and permanent teeth. For multi-surface lesions (tooth decay that has spread across more than one surface of the tooth), systematic reviews and meta-analyses show that the mean failure rate of ART/HVGIC restorations is higher than occlusal lesions and with a wide range of success. In these cases, there is evidence that the Hall Technique may be more successful.

As for multiple-surface cavities in posterior permanent teeth, there is insufficient data to draw conclusions about its use and effectiveness. Therefore, in this case, alternative treatments should be attempted. These might include selective caries removal followed by restoration using conventional filling materials (usually resin composite) depending on the clinical situation.

## Advantages and limitations

### Advantages

* Conserves tooth structure;
* Non-aerosol generating (considered important in the acute COVID-19 pandemic situation and maybe similar for other respiratory infectious disease outbreaks);
* Does not require a dental surgery and can be carried out in school or some settings;
* Minimises trauma (related to dental anxiety);
* Biologically friendly approach;
* As an introduction of dental care to young children, it is more acceptable than the conventional drill-and-fill method;
* Is a patient-friendly approach for children, adults with dental anxiety or phobia, elderly and special-needs patients; and
* Low cost as hand instruments and HVGIC which are relatively cheaper are used.

### Reasons for using hand instruments

* More patient-friendly as hand instruments cause less pain and discomfort compared to rotary instruments;
* Increases accessibility of restorative care to wider populations (can be carried out in deprived communities, clinics, patient's home or hospital);
* Minimally invasive, therefore causes less trauma to the teeth and preserve teeth structure;
* Hand instruments are easily available and less expensive compared to electrically driven dental equipment;
* Because no "live" dentine is removed and pressure on the dentinal tubules is avoided, local anaesthetic (LA) is not required, reducing psychological trauma to patients; and
* Infection control is more straightforward; hand instruments can be cleaned and sterilised easily.

### Reasons for using HVGIC

* Low cost;
* Allows the use of "press-finger" method to place the material into the cavity – some excess will spread along the margins and over the pits and fissures, acting as an ART sealant and providing extra preventive benefit;
* Releases fluoride that may be sustained for very long period of time which helps in tissue remineralisation;
* Adhesive and bio-compatible, i.e. does not irritate pulp or gingiva and has a co-efficient of thermal expansion similar to tooth structure;
* Less potential for recurrent caries;
* Since HVGIC relies on chemical adhesion to the tooth there is less need to remove healthy tissue to create mechanical retention;
* Easy to manipulate and repair if there are any defects or excess material;
* Can achieve good cavity seal;
* Seals decay into the tooth away from sugar and oxygen which it needs to progress. This helps in managing dental carious lesions without removing additional tooth and without damaging the pulp.

### Limitations

* No conclusion has been made on the long-term survival rates of GIC ART restorations and sealants; the longest study reported so far is of three years duration although this is likely to be a good lifespan for primary teeth;
* The technique might not be readily accepted by oral healthcare personnel because they may not be prepared to carry out selective removal of decay;
* The possibility of hand fatigue from the use of hand instruments; and
* GIC produced by hand mixing might be relatively unstandardized, even if the manufacturer's instructions are followed.

## In combination with other approaches

### Use with conditioner

HVGIC has been proven to perform better when a dentine conditioner (cavity conditioner; GC) in used prior to placement of the restorative material. The conditioner is made up of 20% polyacrylic acid and 3% aluminum chloride hexahydrate. It helps to improve the bonding of GIC to the tooth surface by eliminating the smear layer and debris. It also has the advantage of sealing the dentinal tubules to eliminate sensitivity.

### Chemo-mechanical approach

This approach comprises the use of chemical material (e.g. Papacarie and Carisolv) which contains enzymes and proteases that soften the decayed tooth structure before removing the decay mechanically. In ART, these chemical materials can be used in conjunction with hand instruments while removing dental caries as they have the advantage of improving treatment comfort by reducing the pain, heat and vibration experienced, and making ART more accepted for children.

## Examples of use in different countries

| Brazil | Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) for a disadvantaged Brazilian community: "Training oral health personnel in October 2001, three oral health teams were included in the Family Health Programme in this area. These teams and other dentists in the public health network were trained by a university teacher in the area, to perform ART restorations using glass ionomer cement." |
| --- | --- |
| South Africa | Introducing the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) approach in Liberian Refugee Services: "In 1997, twelve lay refugees in the Liberian refugee camp were trained in basic oral health care including ART according to WHO training module. This primary oral health programme for refugees were revisited after 3 years in December 1999. The 12 trained refugees maintained an oral health clinic in the camp, where patients were treated with ART." |
| **Sri Lanka** | Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) programme in Sri Lanka (based on WHO 2008 Oral Health Database): "Once a month a team of dentists and about 10 dental students from the Division of Community Dentistry visit a primary school in the Kandy area. The faculty receive requests from the Principals of schools, mainly from impoverished areas where the schoolchildren otherwise will not receive any dental care. The students, supervised by the doctors, carry out the examination and treatment in a well-lit classroom or outside in the school premises. While the children are waiting for treatment, they are given oral health education by the dental students. ART is carried out on about 25-30 children on one visit. Around 250 students are provided with ART per year." |
| **Turkey** | Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) programme in some rural areas of Turkey: "From year 1997, dentists and often dental students visit the rural areas including Bagivar, a small town in Anatolia. ART restorations are performed in school children, farm worker’s children living in tents or children working in cotton fields." |

## In minimal intervention dentistry

ART is one part of the minimal intervention dentistry (MID) concept and is minimally invasive. It consists of both preventive and restorative components. In ART, the preventive component involves using ART sealants for vulnerable pits and fissures of teeth, whereas the restorative treatment part of the MID involves selective removal of the infected dentine using hand instruments while conserving the affected dentine that can be remineralized, preserving as much tooth structure as possible. This is followed by cavity restoration with HVGIC.


abstract: The 1996 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship was the 66th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. The championship began on 1 May 1996 and ended on 29 September 1996. Cork entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Tipperary in the Munster semi-final. On 29 September 1996 Tipperary won the championship following a 2-14 to 2-12 defeat of Galway in a replay of the All-Ireland final. This was their 16th All-Ireland title and their first title since 1982. Tipperary's Eugene O'Neill was the championship's top scorer with 3-48.

text:
# 1996 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship

The **1996 All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship** was the 66th staging of the All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1928. The championship began on 1 May 1996 and ended on 29 September 1996.

Cork entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Tipperary in the Munster semi-final.

On 29 September 1996 Tipperary won the championship following a 2-14 to 2-12 defeat of Galway in a replay of the All-Ireland final. This was their 16th All-Ireland title and their first title since 1982.

Tipperary's Eugene O'Neill was the championship's top scorer with 3-48.

## Results

### Leinster Minor Hurling Championship

**First round**

| 11 May 1996 First round | **Dublin** | **4-18 - 1-03** | **Westmeath** | O'Connor Park, Tullamore |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | R Farrelly 2-1, E Carroll 1-4, S McDonnell 1-2, S Martin 0-4, T McGrane 0-3, L Ryan 0-2, M Kenny 0-1, S Ryan 0-1. |  | G Briody 1-1, D McCormack 0-2. | Referee: O O'Neill (Meath) |

**Quarter-final**

| 25 May 1996 Quarter-final | **Laois** | **3-06 - 2-12** | **Dublin** | O'Connor Park, Tullamore |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | G Walsh 1-1, D Rooney 1-1, B Delaney 1-0, N O'Shaughnessy 0-3, T Doran 0-1. |  | E Carroll 1-3, R Farrelly 1-2, T McGrane 0-3, M Kenny 0-2, S Martin 0-2. |  |

**Semi-finals**

| 29 June 1996 Semi-final | **Offaly** | **2-06 - 0-12** | **Dublin** | O'Moore Park, Portlaoise |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | P Leonard 1-1, D Kelly 1-0, G Oakley 0-2, R McRedmond 0-1, T Spain 0-1, J Greene 0-1. |  | T McGrane 0-5, S McDonnell 0-3, E Carroll 0-2, S Ryan 0-2. | Referee: C Byrne (Wicklow) |

| 29 June 1996 Semi-final | **Wexford** | **2-10 - 3-07** | **Kilkenny** | Wexford Park, Wexford |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | M Redmond 1-2, J Kenny 0-5, J O'Loughlin 1-0, C Carey 0-3. |  | J Coogan 1-2, S Millea 1-1, JP O'Neill 1-1, R Cahill 0-2, M Kavanagh 0-1. | Referee: O O'Neill (Meath) |

| 6 July 1996 Semi-final | **Offaly** | **3-12 - 3-15** | **Dublin** | O'Moore Park, Portlaoise |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | R McRedmond 2-2, M Hand 1-0, P Carroll 0-3, E McGuinness 0-2, C Cassidy 0-1, P Leonard 0-1, Darragh Kelly 0-1, Declan Kelly 0-1, T Spain 0-1. |  | T McGrane 0-7, E Carroll 1-3, S McDonnell 0-4, D Foley 1-0, L Ryan 1-0, S Ryan 0-1. | Referee: C Byrne (Wicklow) |

| 6 July 1996 Semi-final replay | **Kilkenny** | **2-13 - 0-04** | **Wexford** | Nowlan Park, Kilkenny |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | J Coogan 0-4, R Cahill 0-4, J Hickey 1-0, JP O'Neill 1-0, M Hoyne 0-3, R Mullally 0-2. |  | J Kenny 0-2, M Redmond 0-1, J Hendrick 0-1. | Referee: O O'Neill (Meath) |

**Final**

| 14 July 1996 Final | **Kilkenny** | **1-16 - 1-11** | **Dublin** | Croke Park, Dublin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | R Cahill 0-8, J Coogan 0-4, S Millea 1-0, M Hoyne 0-1, H Shefflin 0-1, JP O'Neill 0-1, G Kirwan 0-1. |  | T McGrane 0-9, E Carroll 1-1, D Carew 0-1. | Referee: P Delaney (Laois) |

### Munster Minor Hurling Championship

**First round**

| 1 May 1996 First round | **Tipperary** | **2-14 - 0-05** | **Limerick** | Semple Stadium, Thurles |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | E O'Neill 1-4, P Kelly 1-1, M Kennedy 0-3, W Maher 0-2, A Doyle 0-1, J Carroll 0-1, D Fahy 0-1, M Ryan 0-1. |  | M Mangan 0-3, N Hayes 0-2. | Referee: M Wadding (Waterford) |

| 10 May 1996 First round | **Kerry** | **2-08 - 2-13** | **Clare** | Ballyduff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | L Boyle 1-2, B McElligott 1-0, M Murphy 0-2, T Roche 0-2, M Murnane 0-1, P Galvin 0-1. |  | S Ryan 0-8, D Fitzgerald 2-0, A Markham 0-2, P Moloney 0-1, B O'Halloran 0-1, A Markham 0-1. | Referee: J Sexton (Limerick) |

**Second round**

| 26 June 1996 Semi-final | **Tipperary** | **0-16 - 1-09** | **Cork** | Semple Stadium, Thurles |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | E O'Neill 0-7, A Doyle 0-4, S Ryan 0-2, M Kennedy 0-1, M Ryan 0-1, P O'Brien 0-1. |  | A Beale 1-3, J Murphy 0-2, N Ronan 0-1, S O'Connor 0-1, N Morrissey 0-1, J O'Connor 0-1. |  |

| 26 June 1996 Semi-final | **Waterford** | **2-13 - 2-13** | **Clare** | Semple Stadium, Thurles |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | K McGrath 1-9, R Walsh 1-0, S O'Flynn 0-1, O Murphy 0-1, A Heffernan 0-1, O Bennett 0-1. |  | S Ryan 1-4, C McKeogh 1-0, A Markham 0-3, D Fitzgerald 0-2, J Horan 0-2, J Reddan 0-1, A Markham 0-1. | Referee: J McDonald (Tipperary) |

| 29 June 1996 Semi-final replay | **Waterford** | **1-14 - 1-11** | **Clare** | Semple Stadium, Thurles |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | K McGrath 0-9, R Walsh 1-0, S Flynn 0-3, O Bennett 0-1, K Reid 0-1. |  | D Fitzgrald 1-0, S Ryan 0-3, A Markham 0-3, O Plunkett 0-2, G O'Donnell 0-1, C McKeogh 0-1, J Reddan 0-1. | Referee: J McDonald (Tipperary) |

**Final**

| 7 July 1996 Final | **Tipperary** | **2-19 - 1-11** | **Waterford** | Gaelic Grounds, Limerick |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | E O'Neill 1-11, A Doyle 1-0, M Kennedy 0-3, M Ryan 0-2, P Kelly 0-1, E Carey 0-1, D Browne 0-1. |  | K McGrath 0-7, F Halpin 1-0, E Murphy 0-3, E Bennett 0-1. | Referee: S McMahon (Clare) |

### Ulster Minor Hurling Championship

**Semi-finals**

| 7 July 1996 Semi-final replay | **Derry** | **2-09 - 1-10** | **Down** | Casement Park, Belfast |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | E Farren 1-3, D Collins 1-2, P McCloskey 0-2, R Kennedy 0-1, D Kearney 0-1. |  | S McGrattan 0-4, C Branniff 1-0, P Mulligan 0-2, P Matthews 0-2, E Trainor 0-1, D Curran 0-1. |  |

**Final**

| 14 July 1996 Final | **Antrim** | **3-13 - 2-10** | **Derry** | Casement Park, Belfast |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

### All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship

**Semi-finals**

| 4 August 1996 Semi-final | **Galway** | **3-16 - 1-14** | **Kilkenny** | Croke Park, Dublin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | E Cloonan 0-11, A Poniard 2-0, R Cullinane 1-1, D Loughrey 0-2, M Blake 0-1, E McEntee 0-1. |  | J Coogan 0-6, R Cahill 0-5, J Hickey 1-0, T O'Dowd 0-1, J Hoyne 0-1, M Hoyne 0-1. |  |

| 11 August 1996 Semi-final | **Tipperary** | **2-25 - 3-03** | **Antrim** | Croke Park, Dublin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | M Kennedy 2-5, S O'Neill 0-10, P O'Brien 0-4, P Kelly 0-2, M Ryan 0-2, E Carey 0-2. |  | C McGrath 2-1, G Ward 1-0, J Flynn 0-2. | Referee: P Horan (Offaly) |

**Finals**

| 1 September 1996 Final | **Tipperary** | **0-20 - 3-11** | **Galway** | Croke Park, Dublin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | E O'Neill 0-8, A Doyle 0-4, M Kennedy 0-2, D Fahy 0-2, W Maher 0-1, E Carey 0-1, P Kelly 0-1, M Ryan 0-1. |  | A Poniard 2-1, E Cloonan 0-7, M Kerins 1-1, E McEntee 0-1, D Loughrey 0-1. | Referee: J O'Leary (Cork) |

| 29 September 1996 Final replay | **Tipperary** | **2-14 - 2-12** | **Galway** | Croke Park, Dublin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | E O'Neill 1-8, M Kennedy 1-2, W Maher 0-2, D Browne 0-1, D Fahy 0-1. |  | E Cloonan 2-5, R Cullinane 0-2, E McEntee 0-1, M Kerins 0-1, R Gantley 0-1, D Loughrey 0-1, A Poniard 0-1. |  |

## Championship statistics

### Top scorers

Top scorer overall

| Rank | Player | Club | Tally | Total | Matches | Average |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Eugene O'Neill | Tipperary | 3-48 | 57 | 6 | 9.50 |
| 2 | Eugene Cloonan | Galway | 2-23 | 29 | 3 | 9.66 |
| 3 | Ken McGrath | Waterford | 1-25 | 28 | 3 | 9.33 |
| 4 | Tomás McGrane | Dublin | 0-27 | 27 | 5 | 5.40 |
| 5 | Michael Kennedy | Tipperary | 3-16 | 25 | 6 | 3.83 |

### Miscellaneous

* The All-Ireland final ended in a draw for the first time since 1984.

## InfoBox

All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship 1996
| Championship Details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 1 May 1996 - 29 September 1996 |
| All Ireland Champions | |
| Winners | Tipperary (16th win) |
| Captain | William Maher |
| Manager | Dinny Cahill |
| All Ireland Runners-up | |
| Runners-up | Galway |
| Captain | Michael Healy |
| Manager | Noel Lane |
| Provincial Champions | |
| Munster | Tipperary |
| Leinster | Kilkenny |
| Ulster | Antrim |
| Connacht | Not Played |
| Championship Statistics | |
| Top Scorer | Eugene O'Neill (3-48) |
| 1995  1997 | |


title: 2008 Minato mayoral election

text:
# 2008 Minato mayoral election

Minato, Tokyo held a mayoral election on June 8, 2008. Incumbent mayor Masaaki Takei, supported by all major parties except the Japanese Communist Party, was re-elected with a clear majority. Polling turnout was low with only about 25% of the electorate voting.

## Results

Mayoral election 2008: Minato City
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent, *LDP*, *DPJ*, *NKP*, *SDP* | Masaaki Takei (武井 雅昭) | 29,334 |  |  |
|  | Independent, *JCP* | Takashige Kaneko (金子 孝重) | 11,803 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 42,098 | 25,75% |  |


title: Emlichheim

abstract: Emlichheim is a municipality in the district of Grafschaft Bentheim in Lower Saxony, Germany, roughly 20 km south of Emmen, and 25 km northwest of Nordhorn.

text:
# Emlichheim

**Emlichheim** (Low German: **Emmelkamp**) is a municipality in the district of Grafschaft Bentheim in Lower Saxony, Germany, roughly 20 km south of Emmen, and 25 km northwest of Nordhorn.

## Geography

Emlichheim lies right on the German-Dutch border. The community is bordered on the south by the river Vechte and on the north by the Coevorden-Picardy Canal. It is the administrative seat of the *Samtgemeinde Emlichheim*, whose members also include Hoogstede, Laar and Ringe. The village has experienced massive growth due to the inflow of Dutch nationals.

## History

Emlichheim has existed at least since Charlemagne’s time. In a document from 1312, the community crops up under the name *Emminchem*.

In old Dutch documents (16th to 19th century), and even today in the Low Saxon dialects, Emlichheim is called *Emmelkamp*.

## Politics

### Municipal council

Council’s current composition (19 seats in total):

* CDU \- 8 seats
* SPD \- 7 seats
* FDP \- 2 seats
* Grafschafter Bürger Forum (gbf) - 2 seats

(State: municipal election by 11. September 2011)

### Partner communities

## Economy

The firm Emsland-Stärke, with its location in Emlichheim, is one of Europe’s starch producers. Over a million metric tons of potatoes delivered from within a region with a radius of some 150 km are processed here every year, thereby making Emsland-Stärke the community’s largest employer.

Some 8 km west of Emlichheim lies the border-straddling industrial park within the communities of Laar in Germany and Coevorden in the Netherlands called EUROPARK. Here, a hotly disputed rubbish burning site, the *Müllverbrennungsanlage Emlichheim*, is supposed to be built by a private Dutch investor.

Another economic factor of the Emlichheim *Samtgemeinde* is the plastics processing industry. Among these businesses are Synco and BekuPlast in Ringe and Ringoplast in Ringe-Neugnadenfeld.

## Education

Emlichheim has a primary school, a Hauptschule-Realschule, a Gymnasium for secondary level 1 and a special school. These schools supply basic educational needs, but further needs must be sought either in Neuenhaus (Lise-Meitner-Gymnasium) or in the district seat of Nordhorn. In Nordhorn learners have almost every possibility at their disposal (general-education Gymnasien, specialized Gymnasien, vocational training schools, and so on).

## Famous people

### Sons and daughters of the community

## Further reading

* Herbert Wagner: Die Gestapo war nicht allein... Politische Sozialkontrolle und Staatsterror im deutsch - niederländischen Grenzgebiet 1929 - 1945. LIT Verlag. Münster 2004 (contains, among other things, illegal border crossings, struggle between church and state)

## InfoBox

| Emlichheim | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location of Emlichheim within Grafschaft Bentheim district | |
| Emlichheim Emlichheim | |
| Coordinates: 52°37′N 6°50′E / 52.617°N 6.833°E / 52.617; 6.833 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Lower Saxony |
| District | Grafschaft Bentheim |
| Municipal assoc. | Emlichheim |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Arne Jan Helmweg (CDU) |
| Area | |
| Total | 48.52 km2 (18.73 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 14 m (46 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 7,606 |
| Density | 160/km2 (410/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 49824 |
| Dialling codes | 0 59 43 |
| Vehicle registration | NOH |
| Website | www.emlichheim.de |


title: 1975 Sun Bowl

abstract: The 1975 Sun Bowl was a college football postseason bowl game that featured the Pittsburgh Panthers and the Kansas Jayhawks.

text:
# 1975 Sun Bowl

The **1975 Sun Bowl** was a college football postseason bowl game that featured the Pittsburgh Panthers and the Kansas Jayhawks.

## Background

With a surprising fourth-place finish in the Big Eight Conference, the Jayhawks had a highlight victory over eventual national champion Oklahoma (breaking the Sooners' 37-game unbeaten streak), and walloped Missouri 41-24 to clinch the Sun Bowl bid. Head coach Bud Moore (in his first year at Kansas) was named Big Eight Coach of the Year and finished runner-up to Woody Hayes for the Football Writers Association of America's National Coach of the Year award. This was their third bowl appearance in eight seasons and only their fifth ever. The highlight of the season for the Panthers was beating No. 9 Notre Dame in the final game of the season. This was their second bowl game in three years.

## Game summary

Kansas had an opportunity to take the lead on an 82-yard touchdown play on an option run by Nolan Cromwell and a pitch to Bill Campfield, but Cromwell's pitch was ruled an illegal forward pass, and the Jayhawks punted soon after. A Panther missed field goal led to Kansas driving to the Pittsburgh 16, but they were stopped short on 4th and inches. Soon after, fullback Elliot Walker caught a pitchout and broke three tackles for sixty yards on his way to a touchdown to make it 7–0 Pittsburgh with 2:11 in the 1st. A penalty on Kansas during a punt return and a Cromwell fumble led to two Tony Dorsett touchdowns, the latter occurring with :26 left in the second quarter. Kansas narrowed the lead with 4 minutes left in the third quarter on a Laverne Smith 55-yard touchdown run that made it 19–7. With 12:49 left in the game, Walker plunged for a two-yard score to make it 26–7. With 6:11 to go, Smith scored on a 17-yard dash to make it 26-13. Quarterback Robert Haygood finished the Pittsburgh scoring with his 7-yard touchdown pass to make it 33–13 with 3:15 to go. By the time Kansas scored on a Scott McMichael pass to Skip Sharp from 38 yards out, there was only 2:02 left as Pittsburgh won their first bowl game since 1937. For the first time ever in a bowl game, a team had three players rush for 100 yards in the same game: Tony Dorsett (142 yards on 27 carries), Eliot Walker (123 yards on 11 carries) and Robert Haygood (101 yards on 14 carries).

## Aftermath

Johnny Majors’ Panthers would start the following season ranked No. 9, en route to a national championship. They returned to the Sun Bowl in 1989, while Kansas has not returned since. Kansas started 4-0 in 1976 and earned a #7 national ranking before Cromwell suffered a season-ending knee injury and the Jayhawks slid to a 6-5 finish.

## Statistics

| Statistics | Pittsburgh | Kansas |
| --- | --- | --- |
| First downs | 16 | 19 |
| Yards rushing | 372 | 342 |
| Yards passing | 60 | 76 |
| Total yards | 432 | 418 |
| Punts-Average | 5-35 | 5-37 |
| Fumbles lost | 0 | 2 |
| Interceptions thrown | 2 | 1 |
| Penalties-Yards | 10-95 | 5-25 |
|

## InfoBox

| 1975 Sun Bowl | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 1 2 3 4 Total  **Pittsburgh** 7 12 0 14 33  **Kansas** 0 0 7 12 19 | |
| Date | December 26, 1975 |
| Season | 1975 |
| Stadium | Sun Bowl |
| Location | El Paso, Texas |
| MVP | QB Robert Haygood (Pittsburgh) |
| Attendance | 30,272 |
| United States TV coverage | |
| Network | CBS |
| Announcers | Paul Hornung and Johnny Morris |
|


abstract: The Men's sprint competition at the 2017 FIL World Luge Championships was held on 27 January 2017. A qualification was held to determine the 15 participants.

text:
# 2017 FIL World Luge Championships – Men's sprint

| 2017 FIL World Luge Championships
 | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Individual |  | men |  | women |
| Doubles |  | doubles |  |  |
| Sprint |  | men | doubles | women |
| Relay |  |  | mixed |  |

The **Men's sprint** competition at the 2017 FIL World Luge Championships was held on 27 January 2017.

A qualification was held to determine the 15 participants.

## Results

The final was started at 15:16.

| Rank | Bib | Name | Country | Time | Diff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 14 | Wolfgang Kindl | Austria | 32.467 |  |
|  | 13 | Roman Repilov | Russia | 32.479 | +0.012 |
|  | 15 | Dominik Fischnaller | Italy | 32.590 | +0.123 |
| 4 | 10 | Semen Pavlichenko | Russia | 32.594 | +0.127 |
| 5 | 2 | Taylor Morris | United States | 32.611 | +0.144 |
| 6 | 9 | Andi Langenhan | Germany | 32.643 | +0.176 |
| 7 | 3 | Theo Gruber | Italy | 32.661 | +0.194 |
| 8 | 6 | Riks Rozītis | Latvia | 32.670 | +0.203 |
| 9 | 8 | Kevin Fischnaller | Italy | 32.676 | +0.209 |
| 10 | 7 | Felix Loch | Germany | 32.677 | +0.210 |
| 11 | 11 | Stepan Fedorov | Russia | 32.722 | +0.255 |
| 12 | 1 | David Gleirscher | Austria | 32.728 | +0.261 |
| | 4 | Armin Frauscher | Austria | 32.728 | +0.261 |
| 14 | 5 | Tucker West | United States | 32.791 | +0.324 |
| 15 | 12 | Johannes Ludwig | Germany | 35.585 | +3.118 |

## InfoBox

| Men's sprint
at the 2017 FIL World Luge Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Olympic Sliding Centre Innsbruck |
| Location | Igls, Austria |
| Dates | 27 January |
| Competitors | 15 from 6 nations |
| Winning time | 32.467 |
| Medalists | |
| Austria  Russia  Italy | |
|


title: Apfelstädt (river)

abstract: Apfelstädt is a river which flows for 34 km through Thuringia, Germany.

text:
# Apfelstädt (river)

**Apfelstädt** is a river which flows for 34 km through Thuringia, Germany.

## Geography

The source of the Apfelstädt is around 5 km south-west of Tambach-Dietharz at an elevation of 728 m. The Apfelstädt marks the western boundary of the Elbe river system in the Thuringian Forest. Its main tributary is the Ohra, which joins it just north of Ohrdruf. The river flows into the Gera close to the town of Ingersleben.

## InfoBox

| Apfelstädt | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Thuringia |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Gera |
| coordinates | 50°55′17″N 10°57′50″E / 50.9213°N 10.9639°E / 50.9213; 10.9639 |
| Length | 34 km |
| Basin size | 372.2 km² |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | GeraUnstrutSaaleElbeNorth Sea |


abstract: The men's marathon event was held on 8 October 1982. It started and finished at South Brisbane, next to the Brisbane River in Stanley Street.Brisbane, Australia. Two of the Tanzanians, Juma Ikangaa and reigning champion Gidamis Shahanga, opened up a large lead, but Rob de Castella closed the gap in the final kilometres to win.

text:
# Athletics at the 1982 Commonwealth Games – Men's marathon

The **men's marathon** event was held on 8 October 1982. It started and finished at South Brisbane, next to the Brisbane River in Stanley Street.Brisbane, Australia.

Two of the Tanzanians, Juma Ikangaa and reigning champion Gidamis Shahanga, opened up a large lead (58 seconds at the 30 km mark), but Rob de Castella closed the gap in the final kilometres to win.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Robert de Castella | Australia | 2:09:18 |  |
|  | Juma Ikangaa | Tanzania | 2:09:30 |  |
|  | Mike Gratton | England | 2:12:06 |  |
| 4 | John Graham | Scotland | 2:13:04 |  |
| 5 | Kevin Ryan | New Zealand | 2:13:42 |  |
| 6 | Gidamis Shahanga | Tanzania | 2:14:25 |  |
| 7 | Graham Laing | Scotland | 2:14:54 |  |
| 8 | Ian Ray | England | 2:15:11 |  |
| 9 | Mike Dyon | Canada | 2:15:22 |  |
| 10 | Robert Wallace | Australia | 2:15:24 |  |
| 11 | Raymond Smedley | England | 2:15:50 |  |
| 12 | Samuel Hlawe | Swaziland | 2:16:32 |  |
| 13 | Dennis Fowles | Wales | 2:16:49 |  |
| 14 | Greg Hannon | Northern Ireland | 2:17:32 |  |
| 15 | Peter Butler | Canada | 2:18:17 |  |
| 16 | Sipho Gamedze | Swaziland | 2:18:44 |  |
| 17 | Emmanuel Ndiemandoi | Tanzania | 2:19:16 |  |
| 18 | Marios Kassianidis | Cyprus | 2:19:51 |  |
| 19 | Sammy Mogere | Kenya | 2:21:44 |  |
| 20 | Wilson Theleso | Botswana | 2:23:10 |  |
| 21 | Esau Zwane | Swaziland | 2:26:38 |  |
| 22 | Motsemme Kgaotsang | Botswana | 2:27:39 |  |
| 23 | Musaope Phiri | Zimbabwe | 2:28:27 |  |
| 24 | James Maweu | Kenya | 2:29:15 |  |
| 25 | Esau Magwaza | Zimbabwe | 2:30:34 |  |
| 26 | Matthews Kambale | Malawi | 2:33:34 |  |
| 27 | Mackay Talasasa | Solomon Islands | 2:36:16 |  |
| 28 | Abel Manumanua | Papua New Guinea | 2:42:07 |  |
| 29 | Nicholas Akers | Cayman Islands | 3:02:33 |  |
|  | Lawrence Whitty | Australia | DNF |  |
|  | Shiri Chand | Fiji | DNF |  |
|  | Wayne Madden | Fiji | DNF |  |
|  | Gary Palmer | New Zealand | DNF |  |
|  | Donald Greig | New Zealand | DNF |  |
|  | Tau Tokwepota | Papua New Guinea | DNF |  |
|  | David Bonn | Cayman Islands | DNS |  |
|  | Bineshwar Prasad | Fiji | DNS |  |
|  | Nada Meta | Tanzania | DNS |  |
|  | Steve Jones | Wales | DNS |  |

## InfoBox

| Men's marathon <br>at the Commonwealth Games | |
| --- | --- |


title: Fast track (FDA)

abstract: Fast track is a designation by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of an investigational drug for expedited review to facilitate development of drugs that treat a serious or life-threatening condition and fill an unmet medical need. Fast track designation must be requested by the drug company. The request can be initiated at any time during the drug development process. FDA will review the request and attempt to make a decision within sixty days.

text:
# Fast track (FDA)

**Fast track** is a designation by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of an investigational drug for expedited review to facilitate development of drugs that treat a serious or life-threatening condition and fill an unmet medical need. Fast track designation must be requested by the drug company. The request can be initiated at any time during the drug development process. FDA will review the request and attempt to make a decision within sixty days.

## Purpose

Fast track is one of five FDA approaches to make new drugs available as rapidly as possible: the others are priority review, breakthrough therapy, accelerated approval and regenerative medicine advanced therapy.

Fast track was introduced by the FDA Modernization Act of 1997.

## Requirements

Fast track designation is designed to aid in the development and expedite the review of drugs which show promise in treating a serious or life-threatening disease and address an unmet medical need.

Serious condition: determining whether a disease is serious is a matter of judgment, but generally is based on whether the drug will affect such factors as survival, day-to-day functioning, or the likelihood that the disease, if left untreated, will progress from a less severe condition to a more serious one.

Unmet medical need: for a drug to address an unmet medical need, the drug may be developed as a treatment or preventative measure for a disease that does not have a current therapy. The type of information necessary to demonstrate unmet medical need varies with the stage of drug development: early in development, nonclinical data, mechanistic rationale, or pharmacologic data will suffice; later in development, clinical data should be utilized. If there are existing therapies, a fast track eligible drug must show some advantage over available treatment, such as:

* Showing superior effectiveness
* Avoiding serious side effects of an available treatment
* Improving the diagnosis of a serious disease where early diagnosis results in an improved outcome
* Decreasing a clinically significant toxicity of an available treatment
* Addressing an expected public health need.

## Incentives

A drug that receives a fast track designation is eligible for some or all of the following:

* More frequent meetings with FDA to discuss the drug's development plan and ensure collection of appropriate data needed to support drug approval
* More frequent written correspondence from FDA about such things as the design of the proposed clinical trials
* Accelerated approval or priority review if the requisite criteria are met. Accelerated approval is meant for drugs that demonstrate an effect on a surrogate, or intermediate endpoint reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. Priority review shortens the FDA review process for a new drug from ten months to six months, and is appropriate for drugs that demonstrate significant improvements in both safety and effectiveness of an existing therapy. A fast track application is automatically considered for both of these designations.
* Rolling review, which means that a drug company can submit completed sections of its New Drug Application (NDA) for review by FDA, rather than waiting until every section of the application is completed before the entire application can be reviewed. NDA review usually does not begin until the drug company has submitted the entire application to the FDA

An FDA decision not to grant fast track status, or any other general dispute, may be appealed to the division responsible for reviewing the application within the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. The drug sponsor can subsequently utilize the Agency's procedures for internal review or dispute resolution if necessary.

Once a drug receives fast track designation, early and frequent communication between the FDA and a drug company is encouraged throughout the entire drug development and review process. The frequency of communication assures that questions and issues are resolved quickly, often leading to earlier drug approval and access by patients.


title: Ethel Spears

abstract: Ethel Spears (1903–1974) was an American artist known for her humorous paintings of Depression-era urban life.

text:
# Ethel Spears

**Ethel Spears** (1903–1974) was an American artist known for her humorous paintings of Depression-era urban life.

## Education

Ethel Spears was born in Chicago, Illinois, on October 5, 1903, and grew up in the Beverly area. After high school, she entered the School of the Art Institute of Chicago (SAIC), where she studied textiles and earned a certificate after completing a three-year program. Having already lost interest in textiles, she immediately re-enrolled in SAIC to study fine arts. Spears chose to study under the most avant-garde member of the faculty, muralist John W. Norton. With his mentorship, she won the opportunity to paint two murals in the SAIC tearoom.

Around 1925, Spears graduated from SAIC and decided to move to Woodstock, New York to study with the sculptor Alexander Archipenko. Nine months later she moved to New York City, where she stayed for some five years. She took classes at the Art Students League and New York University and supported herself with odd jobs.

Around 1929–30, she spent time in Paris, France, afterwards moving back to Chicago. Enrolling once more at SAIC, she earned her master's degree.

## Art and teaching

Spears became known for her cartoonish, droll watercolors of daily life in Chicago and New York: in streets and parks, on playgrounds and beaches, and inside schools and apartments. She also painted a few rural landscapes. Like some of Ilonka Karasz's *New Yorker* covers, the outdoor scenes often show a bird's eye view of people all going their separate ways. The critic C. J. Bulliet wrote that her canvases "are alive with tiny figures" who are "doing humorous things without knowing it." A master of composition, Spears packs her images with vivid and telling details. Her style has been compared to that of Peggy Bacon, though Spears's caricatures are less harsh. Spears worked mostly in watercolor, but also in oil and gouache.

Spears exhibited regularly throughout her life, mostly in Chicago and New York, at galleries and museums such as the Brooklyn Museum, the Whitney Museum of American Art, and the Corcoran Gallery. She was very active as a muralist, completing more than two dozen murals in the Chicago area alone, many of them through the Works Progress Administration. These included murals at the University of Illinois and at public buildings like schools and post offices; for example, she painted a mural of the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus at a school named for him. She was a member of the National Society of Mural Painters.

In 1937, Spears was hired as an art teacher at SAIC, and she continued to teach classes there for 24 years. She taught a range of subjects, including design, painting, and ceramics. She established SAIC's departments of enamelling and silkscreen printing and taught those courses as well.

### Murals

The Flagg-Rochelle Public Library contains a mural, *Merry Go Round* by Ethel Spears, painted and installed in 1938. Murals were produced from 1934 to 1943 in the United States through the Section of Painting and Sculpture, later called the Section of Fine Arts, of the Treasury Department. The WPA was the largest and most ambitious American New Deal agency, employing individuals to carry out public works projects.

In 2019 several of Spears' WPA murals were removed from Chicago area middle schools because of concern that the subjects depicted are primarily white and do not match the diversity of the student body today.

By the late 1950s, Spears was suffering from an illness that may have been lead poisoning from her work with enamelling. With her life partner and fellow SAIC teacher Kathleen Blackshear, she retired to Blackshear's home town of Navasota, Texas.

Spears died August 2, 1974, in Navasota. Her papers and those of Blackshear are held by the Smithsonian Institution's Archives of American Art in Washington, D.C.

## InfoBox

| Ethel Spears | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1903-10-15)October 15, 1903
Chicago, Illinois |
| Died | August 2, 1974(1974-08-02) (aged 70)
Navasota, Texas |
| Nationality | American |
| Known for | painter |


abstract: The 1921 Mississippi College Choctaws football team represented Mississippi College as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) during the 1921 college football season. The team was led by second-year head coach Stanley L. Robinson and College Football Hall of Famer, halfback Goat Hale. "Ten other players are on Hale's teams, but they are there merely to conform with gridiron rules." Hale scored 161 points and gained 2,160 yards as he was selected All-Southern. The team's stadium is today named Robinson-Hale stadium, for coach Robinson and Goat Hale.

text:
# 1921 Mississippi College Choctaws football team

1921 Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| Centre \+ | 5 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 10 |  | 1 |  | 0 |
| Georgia \+ | 6 |  | 0 |  | 1 |  |  | 7 |  | 2 |  | 1 |
| Georgia Tech \+ | 5 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 8 |  | 1 |  | 0 |
| Vanderbilt \+ | 5 |  | 0 |  | 1 |  |  | 7 |  | 0 |  | 1 |
| Tennessee | 4 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |  | 6 |  | 2 |  | 1 |
| Florida | 4 |  | 1 |  | 2 |  |  | 6 |  | 3 |  | 2 |
| Mississippi College | 3 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |  | 7 |  | 2 |  | 1 |
| Sewanee | 4 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 6 |  | 2 |  | 0 |
| Transylvania | 2 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 4 |  | 4 |  | 0 |
| LSU | 2 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |  | 6 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
| South Carolina | 2 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |  | 5 |  | 1 |  | 2 |
| Furman | 4 |  | 2 |  | 1 |  |  | 7 |  | 2 |  | 1 |
| Auburn | 3 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 3 |  | 0 |
| Mississippi A&M | 2 |  | 3 |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |  | 4 |  | 1 |
| Tulane | 3 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  |  | 4 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
| Alabama | 2 |  | 4 |  | 2 |  |  | 5 |  | 4 |  | 2 |
| Oglethorpe | 2 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 4 |  | 0 |
| Chattanooga | 2 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  |  | 4 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
| The Citadel | 1 |  | 2 |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  | 3 |  | 2 |
| Kentucky | 1 |  | 3 |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |  | 3 |  | 1 |
| Ole Miss | 1 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
| Howard (AL) | 1 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
| Mercer | 1 |  | 5 |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
| Louisville | 0 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 2 |  | 2 |  | 1 |
| Wofford | 0 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 2 |  | 7 |  | 0 |
| Georgetown (KY) | 0 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 2 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
| Millsaps | 0 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 1 |  | 5 |  | 1 |
| Clemson | 0 |  | 5 |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  | 6 |  | 2 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * \+  Conference co-champions | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1921 Mississippi College Choctaws football team** represented Mississippi College as a member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) during the 1921 college football season. The team was led by second-year head coach Stanley L. Robinson and College Football Hall of Famer, halfback Goat Hale. "Ten other players are on Hale's teams, but they are there merely to conform with gridiron rules." Hale scored 161 points and gained 2,160 yards as he was selected All-Southern. The team's stadium is today named Robinson-Hale stadium, for coach Robinson and Goat Hale.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| October 1 | at Tulane |  | W 14–0 |  |
| October 8 | Louisiana College* |  | W 68–0 |  |
| October 14 | vs. Mississippi A&M |  | L 13–14 |  |
| October 22 | Union (TN)* | * Provine Field * Clinton, MS | W 35–0 |  |
| October 29 | at Birmingham–Southern* |  | W 27–6 |  |
| November 5 | vs. Ole Miss |  | W 27–7 |  |
| November 11 | vs. Millsaps | * State Fairgrounds * Jackson, MS (Rivalry) | W 56–0 |  |
| November 18 | at Florida |  | T 7–7 |  |
| November 24 | at Spring Hill* |  | W 28–7 |  |
| December 3 | vs. Baylor* |  | L 0–24 |  |
| * \*Non-conference game | | | | |

* Schedule sources:

## Season summary

### Tulane

**Mississippi College at Tulane**
| 1 2 3 4 Total  **Mississippi** 0 14 0 0 14  Tulane 0 0 0 0 **0** |
| --- |

Goat Hale nearly single-handedly defeated Tulane 14–0. Hale scored first on a 25-yard run around right end, and the second touchdown came on a run of 80 yards. Soon after, he signed a large baseball contract.

### Louisiana College

In the second week of play the Choctaws beat Louisiana College 68–0.

### Mississippi A&M

The season's only SIAA loss came in the third week against in-state rival Mississippi A&M by a single point, 14–13.

### Union

The Union Bulldogs were defeated 35–0.

### Birmingham–Southern

**Mississippi College at Birmingham-Southern**
| 1 2 3 4 Total  **Mississippi** 14 6 0 7 27  Birmingham 0 0 6 0 **6**   * **Date:** October 29 * **Location:** Birmingham |
| --- |

Hale scored three touchdowns in a 27–6 victory over Birmingham–Southern. The first was a 60-yard punt return. The Panthers scored in the third quarter on a 55-yard touchdown pass from Gandy to Griffin.

The starting lineup was Simmons (left end), Hudson (left tackle), Everett (left guard), Sheffield (center), Fortenberry (right guard), Stuart (right tackle), Austin (right end), Lambright (quarterback), Hale (left halfback), Tyler (right halfback), Keith (fullback).

### Ole Miss

The Choctaws defeated the Mississippi team 27–7 at a game in Vicksburg.

### Millsaps

Nearby rival Millsaps was beaten 56–0.

### Florida

Mississippi College at Florida
| 1 2 3 4 Total  Mississippi 0 7 0 0 7  Florida 0 0 0 7 **7**   * **Date:** November 18 * **Location:** Gainesville, Florida |
| --- |

The Choctaws battled coach William G. Kline's Florida Gators to a 7–7 tie. Florida had the greater weight and Mississippi College the greater speed.

Led by Hale, the Choctaws controlled the first half. In the middle of the fourth quarter, Florida led a comeback with a series of forward passes, scoring its touchdown. Ark Newton had a 92-yard punt in this game.

### Spring Hill

On Thanksgiving Day, Mississippi College beat the Spring Hill Badgers of Mobile 28–7. Hale ran for four touchdowns. Spring Hill's Frank Bogue picked up a fumble and, with no one in front of him and most players down, raced towards the goal. Hale chased him down from behind, saving a touchdown. "It was a sensational run, and probably the fastest ever seen in Mobile."

### Baylor

The final game of the season was a 24–0 loss to Baylor in Dallas.

## InfoBox

| 1921 Mississippi College Choctaws football | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association |
| Record | 7–2–1 (3–1–1 SIAA) |
| Head coach |  |
| Home stadium | Provine Field |
|


title: 1975 Svenska Cupen final

abstract: The 1975 Svenska Cupen final took place on 8 May 1975 at Malmö Stadion in Malmö. The match was contested by Allsvenskan sides Malmö FF and Djurgårdens IF. Djurgården played their first final since 1951 and their second in total, Malmö FF played their third consecutive final and their 11th final in total. Malmö FF won their 9th title with a 1–0 victory.

text:
# 1975 Svenska Cupen final

**The 1975 Svenska Cupen final** took place on 8 May 1975 at Malmö Stadion in Malmö. The match was contested by Allsvenskan sides Malmö FF and Djurgårdens IF. Djurgården played their first final since 1951 and their second in total, Malmö FF played their third consecutive final and their 11th final in total. Malmö FF won their 9th title with a 1–0 victory.

## Match details

| Malmö FF | 1–0 | Djurgårdens IF |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Andersson  47' |  |  |

Malmö Stadion, MalmöAttendance: 6,913Referee: Karl-Gösta Björkman (Lagan)

| **MALMÖ FF:**   GK   Jan Möller  DF   Christer Jacobsson  DF   Krister Kristensson  DF   Roy Andersson  DF   Harry Jönsson  MF   Staffan Tapper  MF   Anders Ljungberg  MF   Bo Larsson  MF   Conny Andersson   64'  FW   Thomas Sjöberg  FW   Tommy Larsson  **Substitutes:**  FW   Tore Cervin  MF   Christer Malmberg   64'  **Manager:**  Bob Houghton |  | **DJURGÅRDENS IF:**   GK   Björn Alkeby  DF   Roland Andersson  DF   Tommy Davidsson  DF   Birger Jakobson  DF   Tommy Berggren  MF   Curt Olsberg  MF   Sven Lindman  MF   Kjell Samuelsson  MF   Håkan Stenbäck  FW   Harry Svensson  FW   Kjell Karlsson   65'  **Substitutes:**  FW   Per Lövfors   65'  ??   Per-Olof Erixon  **Manager:**  Bengt Persson |
| --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

1975 Svenska Cupen final
| Event | 1974–75 Svenska Cupen |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Date | 8 May 1975 |
| Venue | Malmö Stadion, Malmö |
| Referee | Karl-Gösta Björkman (Lagan) |
| Attendance | 6,913 |
|