title: 1951 Maryland Terrapins football team

abstract: The 1951 Maryland Terrapins football team represented the University of Maryland in 1951 college football season as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon). Maryland outscored its opponents, 381–74, and finished the season with a 10–0 record, including three shut outs, and held seven opponents to seven points or less. It was the school's first perfect undefeated and untied season since 1893. Maryland also secured its first berth in a major postseason bowl game, the 1952 Sugar Bowl, where it upset first-ranked Tennessee under head coach Robert Neyland. Maryland was led by fifth-year head coach Jim Tatum, whom Time magazine called "the most successful major college coach in the game" during his nine-year tenure at College Park. To date, Tatum remains the winningest Maryland football coach of the modern era, with a winning percentage of 0.819. The team returned experienced junior quarterback Jack Scarbath, who was the runner-up for the Heisman Trophy in the following season. Other key returning players included Ed Modzelewski, Ed Fullerton, Bob Ward, and Bob Shemonski. The team was selected national champion by NCAA-designated major selectors of Dunkel, Football Research, National Championship Foundation, Sagarin, and Sagarin (ELO-Chess).

text:
# 1951 Maryland Terrapins football team

1951 Southern Conference football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| No. 3 Maryland \+ | 5 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 10 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
| VMI \+ | 5 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 7 |  | 3 |  | 0 |
| Washington and Lee | 5 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 6 |  | 4 |  | 0 |
| William & Mary | 5 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 7 |  | 3 |  | 0 |
| No. 19 Clemson | 3 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 7 |  | 3 |  | 0 |
| Duke | 4 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 4 |  | 1 |
| South Carolina | 5 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 6 |  | 4 |  | 0 |
| Wake Forest | 5 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 6 |  | 4 |  | 0 |
| George Washington | 2 |  | 3 |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  | 6 |  | 1 |
| North Carolina | 2 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 2 |  | 8 |  | 0 |
| West Virginia | 2 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 5 |  | 0 |
| NC State | 2 |  | 6 |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  | 7 |  | 0 |
| Richmond | 2 |  | 6 |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  | 8 |  | 0 |
| The Citadel | 1 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 4 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
| Furman | 1 |  | 4 |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  | 6 |  | 1 |
| Davidson | 1 |  | 5 |  | 0 |  |  | 1 |  | 8 |  | 0 |
| VPI | 1 |  | 7 |  | 0 |  |  | 2 |  | 8 |  | 0 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * \+  Conference co-champions Rankings from AP Poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1951 Maryland Terrapins football team** represented the University of Maryland in 1951 college football season as a member of the Southern Conference (SoCon). Maryland outscored its opponents, 381–74, and finished the season with a 10–0 record, including three shut outs, and held seven opponents to seven points or less. It was the school's first perfect undefeated and untied season since 1893. Maryland also secured its first berth in a major postseason bowl game, the 1952 Sugar Bowl, where it upset first-ranked Tennessee under head coach Robert Neyland.

Maryland was led by fifth-year head coach Jim Tatum, whom *Time* magazine called "the most successful major college coach in the game" during his nine-year tenure at College Park. To date, Tatum remains the winningest Maryland football coach of the modern era, with a winning percentage of 0.819. The team returned experienced junior quarterback Jack Scarbath, who was the runner-up for the Heisman Trophy in the following season. Other key returning players included Ed Modzelewski, Ed Fullerton, Bob Ward, and Bob Shemonski.

The team was selected national champion by NCAA-designated major selectors of Dunkel, Football Research, National Championship Foundation, Sagarin, and Sagarin (ELO-Chess).

## Before the season

Maryland had ended the previous season on a two-game winning streak, which it extended through the duration of the 1951 season. The following year, the Terrapins continued that streak for seven additional games before a loss to 11th-ranked Mississippi. In total, Maryland won 22 straight games from 1950 to 1952, which remains the longest winning streak in program history. One Associated Press writer characterized the 1950 season's 721 record as a disappointment to "never-satisfied alumni" who had hoped for an undefeated season and first-ever Southern Conference championship.

Respected sports prognosticator Grantland Rice picked North Carolina under Carl Snavely as the frontrunner to win the Southern Conference championship and predicted they would finish as the 18th ranked team in the nation. Rice estimated Maryland would finish second in the league and 20th in the rankings. Robert Moore of the Associated Press named Maryland the favorite to win the Southern Conference championship and stated it was "undoubtedly ... the team to beat", although he acknowledged that at least eight other teams would also be in contention: North Carolina, Clemson, Duke, North Carolina State, South Carolina, VMI, Wake Forest, and William & Mary. Moore was more subdued in his assessments of George Washington, Richmond, Virginia Tech, Washington & Lee, and predicted rebuilding seasons for Davidson, Furman, The Citadel, and West Virginia.

The Associated Press later called Maryland's preseason favorite title a "dubious distinction", to which few teams in the Mid-Atlantic had been able to live up. Tatum expressed confidence and said it was "the best team I've ever coached," but acknowledged the team could lose as many as seven games in a worst-case scenario. Another Associated Press article said most people expected a big season from Maryland as the culmination of five years of Tatum's high-caliber recruiting. A United Press article had high confidence in Maryland, because of its experienced team and what it assessed as an easier schedule than previous seasons. It predicted Georgia, LSU, Navy, and North Carolina as the "only rough spots" on the schedule.

### Personnel

Maryland lost several players, including fifteen lettermen, from the previous season due to the exhaustion of their college eligibility. These included ends Elmer Wingate and Pete Augsburger, tackles Chet Gierula and Ray Krouse, center Jack Rowden, and kicker Jack Targarona. Notably, Maryland did not lose a single back "worthy of mention", and all of the linemen aside from the ends had ready replacements.

On the whole, Maryland returned a seasoned team that included 22 lettermen, and the United Press described the team as "bigger and bruisier than ever." They were led by junior quarterback Jack Scarbath who gained significant experience in the split-T the previous season, in which he started the first six games before suffering an injury. He was backed up by a capable reservist in sophomore quarterback Bernie Faloney. (In 1952, Scarbath was the Heisman Trophy runner-up, and the following year, Faloney finished fourth in the voting.)

Scarbath was accompanied in the backfield by several other capable players, including "one of the biggest fullbacks in captivity" Ed Modzelewski and halfbacks Chet "the Jet" Hanulak and Ed Fullerton. Halfback Bob Shemonski, the previous season's conference-scoring leader, was shifted to play mostly on defense, but would rank as the team leader in kick returns with six for 126 yards. The Terrapins' line was anchored by co-captains Bob Ward, a guard, and Dave Cianelli, the center. At tackle, it featured Ed's brother, Dick Modzelewski, and Bob Morgan. The defense was described as particularly deep, anchored by Ward, Cianelli, and Jeff Keith, and with good reserves available into even the third string.

The position(s) for each player are annotated in parentheses (for an explanation of the abbreviations used see American football positions).

#### Coaching staff

Jim Tatum served as the head coach for his fifth year at Maryland in the 1951 season. All told, he served a nine-year tenure at College Park and compiled a 73–15–4 record for a winning percentage of 0.819, the highest among Maryland coaches in the modern era. Tatum later gained national recognition, with *Time* magazine later calling him "the most successful major college coach in the game", and 1951 proved to be his breakout season. Tatum employed the split-T, which he had learned firsthand as the protégé of its pioneer, Don Faurot. This new offensive system sought to emulate the "two-on-one" fast break of basketball, with the aim of creating an undefended back.

| Name | Position | Year | Alma mater |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Jim Tatum | Head coach | 5th | North Carolina (1935) |
| Tommy Mont | Backfield coach | 1st | Maryland (1947) |
| Warren Giese | Ends coach | 3rd | Oklahoma (1947) |
| Jack Hennemier | Line coach | 4th | Duke |
| Duke Wyre | Head trainer |  |  |
|

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 29 | at Washington and Lee | No. 16 |  | W 54–14 | 9,000 |  |
| October 6 | George Washington | No. 9 |  | W 33–6 | 25,732 |  |
| October 13 | at Georgia* | No. 10 |  | W 43–7 | 30,000 |  |
| October 20 | North Carolina | No. 7 | * Byrd Stadium * College Park, MD | W 14–7 | 31,237 |  |
| October 27 | at LSU* | No. 5 |  | W 27–0 | 38,000 |  |
| November 3 | Missouri* | No. 4 | * Byrd Stadium * College Park, MD | W 35–0 | 23,612 |  |
| November 10 | vs. Navy* | No. 3 |  | W 40–21 | 38,000 |  |
| November 17 | NC State | No. 5 | * Byrd Stadium * College Park, MD | W 53–0 | 17,140 |  |
| November 24 | West Virginia | No. 4 | * Byrd Stadium * College Park, MD (rivalry) | W 54–7 | 14,385 |  |
| January 3 | vs. No. 1 Tennessee* | No. 3 |  | W 28–13 | 82,271 |  |
| * \*Non-conference game * Homecoming * Rankings from AP Poll released prior to the game | | | | | | |

## Game summaries

### Washington & Lee

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Maryland** | 14 | 13 | 7 | 20 | **54** |
| Washington & Lee | 0 | 7 | 0 | 7 | **14** |

The season opened against Washington & Lee, the defending 1950 Southern Conference champions. In the first quarter, the Generals' fumbled in their own end zone, which was converted into a Maryland touchdown when Pete Ladygo recovered it. Tatum used his alternates generously: fifty Terrapin players saw action in the game and nine scored. Quarterbacks Jack Scarbath, Bob DeStefano, Bernie Faloney, and Lynn Beightol all saw action.

### George Washington

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| George Washington | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | **6** |
| **Maryland** | 14 | 13 | 6 | 0 | **33** |

To open the game against George Washington, Scarbath led a five-play drive that culminated in a one-yard rush by Ed Modzelewski for a score. Don Decker made the extra point. Later, Ed Modzelewski scored again on a 62-yard touchdown break. In the second quarter, back-up quarterback Faloney scored on a quarterback keeper. Then, Ralph Felton connected with Ed Fullerton with a 27-yard pass for another touchdown to close the half, 27–0. In the third quarter, Scarbath threw a pass to Felton for the final Maryland score. In the fourth quarter, G.W.'s Bino Varreira scored in the last minute of play, for a final result of 33–6.

### Georgia

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Maryland** | 10 | 7 | 19 | 7 | **43** |
| Georgia | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | **7** |

The year prior, Georgia had soundly beaten an unprepared and unconditioned Maryland team in the season-opener. In 1951, the Bulldogs were supposed to be one of the Terrapins' toughest tests. Maryland tallied first with a field goal by Don Decker, which was an unusual method to score at the time. Later in the first quarter, Chet Hanulak rushed for a touchdown. In the second quarter, Hanulak scored again. Georgia's only score of the game came on a four-yard rush by Lauren Hargrove. Halftime expired with a score of 17–7. In the third quarter, Ed Modzelewski, Ralph Felton, and Scarbath each scored. Fullerton scored the final touchdown on a then school-record 86-yard run.

### North Carolina

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| North Carolina | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **7** |
| **Maryland** | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | **14** |

In the first quarter, Maryland engineered a 79-yard drive. Ralph Felton gained the last 27 yards for the score. North Carolina responded with a 41-yard drive capped by a touchdown by Bob Gantt. In the second quarter, Bob Shemonski broke the stalemate with a touchdown pass to Lou Weidensaul for the go-ahead. In the final minutes of the fourth quarter, Maryland's Joe Petruzzo broke up a pass in the end zone to preserve the victory, 14–7.

It was the 18th game of the series and the first Maryland win in eleven meetings. The previous one had been in 1926.

### Louisiana State

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Maryland** | 0 | 13 | 7 | 7 | **27** |
| LSU | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** |

Maryland then traveled to Baton Rouge to face Southeastern Conference powerhouse Louisiana State. A tough LSU defense held Maryland scoreless through the first and most of the second quarter. Late in the first half, LSU's Jim Barton and Bernie Faloney exchanged several punts, until Maryland gained good field position on the Tigers' 43-yard line. Ed Modzelewski helped lead a five-play drive capped by a quarterback sneak by Scarbath for the first score of the game. On the next Maryland possession, Scarbath dodged several LSU tacklers and ran for a 56-yard touchdown. At halftime, the Terrapins led, 13–0. In the third quarter, Maryland executed a sweep and double reverse, which allowed Bob Shemonski to rush for a touchdown. In the fourth quarter, Ed Modzelewski tossed the ball to Chet Hanulak for the final score of the game. Maryland won, 27–0.

### Missouri

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Missouri | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** |
| **Maryland** | 7 | 7 | 14 | 7 | **35** |

Missouri was led by head coach Don Faurot, inventor of the split-T offense and former mentor of Jim Tatum. The Terrapin defense shut-down the Tigers' spread offense and held it to seven completions on 28 attempts. Joe Horning intercepted a Tiger pass and returned it 100 yards for a score. All told, Maryland compiled 350 rushing yards and zero passing yards on three incomplete pass attempts. Missouri recorded 103 passing yards and 92 rushing yards.

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Maryland** | 7 | 7 | 20 | 6 | **40** |
| Navy | 7 | 0 | 0 | 14 | **21** |

Early in the first quarter, Navy's Frank Brady returned a punt 100 yards for a touchdown and gave the Mids a 7-0 lead, marking the only time during the entire 1951 season that Maryland trailed an opponent in a game. Scarbath connected with receivers on 16 of 34 pass attempts for 285 passing yards and two interceptions. Ed Modzelewski and Paul Weidensaul each scored touchdowns.

### NC State

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| NC State | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** |
| **Maryland** | 14 | 19 | 6 | 14 | **53** |

At College Park, Maryland sought revenge against NC State for ending their bowl game opportunity the previous year. Ralph Felton ran for 186 yards and a touchdown. Ed Kensler returned an interception for a score. Ed Modzelewski rushed for a total of 89 yards. Don Decker kicked five extra points.

Shortly before the game, Maryland accepted an invitation to play in the Sugar Bowl.

### West Virginia

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| West Virginia | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | **7** |
| **Maryland** | 21 | 14 | 6 | 13 | **54** |

In the first quarter, Ed Modzelewski rushed 16 yards for the opening touchdown. Maryland scored three more touchdowns on each of its subsequent possessions. Lloyd Colteryahn caught a ten-yard pass from Scarbath for the fifth and final Terrapins' touchdown of the first half. In the second, Maryland scored 19 unanswered points, which culminated in a 77-yard run by Joe Horning.

### Tennessee (Sugar Bowl)

|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Maryland** | 7 | 14 | 7 | 0 | **28** |
| Tennessee | 0 | 6 | 0 | 7 | **13** |

*The Washington Post* called the 1952 Sugar Bowl the second "game of the century," with the first having been between the undefeated Army and Notre Dame teams in 1946. The Associated Press called it possibly "the greatest bowl game of them all." Tennessee was a period powerhouse and its roster included five All-Americans. Maryland was viewed as a heavy underdog going into the game. Terrapins halfback Chet Hanulak said, "Nobody expected us to get that far. But Jim Tatum was a coach who could work wonders." After mechanical issues delayed Maryland's flight, the team became the first to practice at night for a Sugar Bowl. Tatum said, "\[Tennessee is\] so much better than we are that they probably don't need the practice. But we do—and we'll get it."

Tennessee was led by triple-threat quarterback and Heisman runner-up Hank Lauricella. Head coach Neyland's offensive linemen were described as not large but "squatty" and "bruiser\[s\], not flashy, but slightly murderous." Neyland considered the split-T offense used by Tatum gimmicky and relied on the more traditional single-wing formation. He subscribed to the adage that, when the ball was thrown, "three things could happen, and two of them were bad." For the game, Tatum himself abandoned the split-T in favor of a smashmouth approach to run it up the middle, where he thought "they least expected \[it\]." Neyland's strategy focused heavily on punting the ball to pin the opponent in their own territory with a goal of creating turnovers, and Tatum likewise adopted it.

The game started with both teams exchanging several punts in the first quarter. Maryland gained good field position after Lauricella kicked a short punt. Running backs Ed Modzelewski and Ed Fullerton then led an 11-play, 56-yard rushing drive for a touchdown. On the kickoff, Bob Ward hit Lauricella and forced a fumble that Maryland recovered on Tennessee's 13-yard line. After four plays, Jack Scarbath pitched to Fullerton who then threw a six-yard forward pass to Bob Shemonski in the end zone and expanded the Maryland lead to 14–0. Scarbath then engineered a 48-yard drive and ran it in himself for the Terrapins' third touchdown within seven minutes. Late in the second quarter, Tennessee back Bert Rechichar caught a four-yard pass for a touchdown, but the extra point was no good. At the end of the first half, Maryland had stunned Tennessee by gaining a 21–6 lead. In the third quarter, Fullerton intercepted a pass and returned it 46 yards for a touchdown. In the final minutes, Tennessee's goal-line quarterback Herky Payne ran it in from the one-yard line. Maryland won the game with a final result of 28–13.

## After the season

Maryland finished as the nation's only untied, undefeated team that had played a ten-game schedule. The final wire service rankings, however, were released prior to the bowl games at the time. Therefore, Maryland held a final ranking as the number-three team in the nation, behind first-ranked Tennessee (10–1) and second-ranked Michigan State (9–0). To date, the 1951 Terrapins remain Maryland's only undefeated, untied team of the modern era.

Several championship selectors have named Maryland the 1951 national champions. These include the following NCAA-recognized sources: Jeff Sagarin's computer ranking system, the College Football Researchers Association, the DeVold System, the Dunkel System, and the National Championship Foundation. In 2002, *The Washington Post* called the 1951 season the greatest in Maryland football history, ranking it above the 1953 national championship team. The season saw Maryland compile its first (and, to date, only) undefeated, untied season since 1893.

### Awards

Bob Ward was named a consensus first-team All-American and Dick Modzelewski and Ed Modzelewski were named second-team All-Americans. Dave Cianelli, Tom Cosgrove, Joe Petruzzo, and Jack Scarbath were named honorable mention All-Americans. Jim Tatum was named the Southern Conference Coach of the Year. Bob Ward received the Knute Rockne Award and was named the Southern Conference Player of the Year. Ward and Ed Modzelewski were named All-Southern Conference.

1. Several selectors have named Maryland the 1951 national champion. At the time, the Associated Press and United Press wire services selected the championship team before the postseason bowl games.
2. The Coach, *Time*, August 3, 1959.
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8. Granny Rice Makes Annual Grid Forecast For Look, *The Dispatch*, August 31, 1951.
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## InfoBox

| 1951 Maryland Terrapins football | |
| --- | --- |
| Team photograph in front of Byrd Stadium | |
| National champion (five selectors)<br>SoCon co-champion<br>Sugar Bowl champion | |
| Sugar Bowl, W 28–13 vs. Tennessee | |
| Conference | Southern Conference |
| Ranking | |
| Coaches | No. 4 |
| AP | No. 3 |
| Record | 10–0 (5–0 SoCon) |
| Head coach |  |
| Offensive scheme | Split-T |
| Captain | Bob Ward, Dave Cianelli and John Alderton |
| Home stadium | Byrd Stadium |
|


title: 1990 AFL season

abstract: The 1990 AFL season was the 94th season of the Australian Football League (AFL) and the first under this name, having been known as the Victorian Football League until 1989. It was the highest level senior Australian rules football competition and administrative body in Victoria; and, as it featured clubs from New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia, it was the de facto highest level senior competition in Australia. The season featured fourteen clubs, ran from 31 March until 6 October, and comprised a 22-game home-and-away season followed by a finals series featuring the top five clubs. The premiership was won by the Collingwood Football Club for the 14th time, after it defeated Essendon by 48 points in the 1990 AFL Grand Final.

text:
# 1990 AFL season

The **1990 AFL season** was the 94th season of the Australian Football League (AFL) and the first under this name, having been known as the Victorian Football League until 1989. It was the highest level senior Australian rules football competition and administrative body in Victoria; and, as it featured clubs from New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia, it was the *de facto* highest level senior competition in Australia. The season featured fourteen clubs, ran from 31 March until 6 October, and comprised a 22-game home-and-away season followed by a finals series featuring the top five clubs.

The premiership was won by the Collingwood Football Club for the 14th time, after it defeated Essendon by 48 points in the 1990 AFL Grand Final.

## Club leadership

| Club | Coaches | Chairman/President | Executive Director/General Manager | Football Manager | Leadership group | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Brisbane Bears | Norm Dare (senior)
Rodney Eade (reserves) | Noel Gordon | Andrew Ireland | Shane O'Sullivan | Roger Merrett (captain)
Scott McIvor (v/captain)
Martin Leslie (deputy v/c) |  |
| Carlton | Alex Jesaulenko (senior)
Rod Ashman (reserves)
Ross Henshaw (under 19s) | John Elliott | Ian Collins | Stephen Gough | Stephen Kernahan (captain)
Craig Bradley (v/captain)
David Rhys-Jones (deputy v/c) |  |
| Collingwood | Leigh Matthews (senior)
Michael Taylor (reserves)
Keith Burns (under 19s) | Allan McAlister | Rob Petrie | Graeme Allan | Tony Shaw (captain)
Peter Daicos (v/captain)
Brian Taylor, Gavin Crosisca, Darren Millane (deputy v/captains) |  |
| Essendon | Kevin Sheedy (senior)
Mervyn Keane (reserves)
Ray Jordon (under 19s) | Ron Evans | David Shaw (exec. director)
Roger Hampson (gen. manager) | Kevin Egan | Tim Watson (captain)
Simon Madden (v/captain)
Mark Thompson (deputy v/c) |  |
| Fitzroy | Rod Austin (senior)
Robert Shaw (reserves)
Leigh Carlson (under 19s) | Leon Wiegard | Max Kelleher | Arthur Wilson | Paul Roos (captain)
Gary Pert (v/captain) |  |
| Footscray | Terry Wheeler (senior)
Trevor Fletcher (reserves)
Neil Clarke (under 19s) | Peter Gordon | Dennis Galimberti | Gary Merrington | Doug Hawkins (captain)
Stephen Wallis (v/captain)
Tony McGuinness (deputy v/c) |  |
| Geelong | Malcolm Blight (senior)
Dennis Davey (reserves)
Brendan Tinkler (under 19s) | Ron Hovey | Ken Gannon | Garry Fletcher | Andrew Bews (captain)
Steve Hocking (v/captain)
Barry Stoneham (deputy v/c) |  |
| Hawthorn | Allan Jeans (senior)
Des Meagher (reserves)
Russell Greene (under 19s) | Trevor Coote | John Lauritz | John Hook (football manager)
Alan Joyce (director of football) | Michael Tuck (captain)
Gary Ayres (v/captain) |  |
| Melbourne | John Northey (senior)
Mark Cross (reserves & under 19s) | Stuart Spencer | Tony King | John Sell | Greg Healy (captain)
Garry Lyon (v/captain)
Jim Stynes (deputy v/c) |  |
| North Melbourne | Wayne Schimmelbusch (senior)
Laurie Dwyer (reserves)
Denis Pagan (under 19s) | Bob Ansett | Ken Montgomery | Greg Miller | Matthew Larkin (captain)
Ben Buckley (v/captain) |  |
| Richmond | Kevin Bartlett (senior)
Emmett Dunne (reserves)
Doug Searl (under 19s) | Neville Crowe | Cameron Schwab | John Wardrop | Dale Weightman (captain)
Michael Pickering (v/captain) |  |
| St Kilda | Ken Sheldon (senior)
Warren Jones (reserves)
Gary Colling (under 19s) | Travis Payze | Rick Watt | Peter Hudson | Danny Frawley (captain) |  |
| Sydney | Colin Kinnear (senior)
Mark Maclure (reserves)
Greg Harris (under 19s) | Michael Willesee | Geoff Slade (exec. director)
Barry Breen (gen. manager) | John Reid | Dennis Carroll (captain)
Gerard Healy (v/captain)
Greg Williams (deputy v/c) |  |
| West Coast | Michael Malthouse (senior) | Terry O'Connor | Brian Cook | Trevor Nisbett | Steve Malaxos (captain)
John Worsfold (v/captain)
Phil Scott (deputy v/c) |  |

## Foster's Cup

Essendon defeated North Melbourne 17.10 (112) to 10.16 (76) in the final.

## Home-and-away season

### Round 1

### Round 2

### Round 3

### Round 4

### Round 5

### Round 6

### Round 7

### Round 8

### Round 9

### Round 10

### Round 11

### Round 12

### Round 13

### Round 14

### Round 15

### Round 16

### Round 17

### Round 18

### Round 19

### Round 20

### Round 21

### Round 22

* The St Kilda-Essendon game was the only one in which all 4 Daniher brothers (Anthony, Terry, Neale, and Chris) played in the same match.

## Ladder

| **(P)** | Premiers |
| --- | --- |
|  | Qualified for finals |

| # | Team | P | W | L | D | PF | PA | % | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Essendon | 22 | 17 | 5 | 0 | 2526 | 1815 | 139.2 | **68** |
| 2 | Collingwood **(P)** | 22 | 16 | 6 | 0 | 2376 | 1825 | 130.2 | **64** |
| 3 | West Coast | 22 | 16 | 6 | 0 | 2274 | 1920 | 118.4 | **64** |
| 4 | Melbourne | 22 | 16 | 6 | 0 | 2339 | 2066 | 113.2 | **64** |
| 5 | Hawthorn | 22 | 14 | 8 | 0 | 2414 | 2002 | 120.6 | **56** |
| 6 | North Melbourne | 22 | 12 | 10 | 0 | 2519 | 2210 | 114.0 | **48** |
| 7 | Footscray | 22 | 12 | 10 | 0 | 2016 | 2031 | 99.3 | **48** |
| 8 | Carlton | 22 | 11 | 11 | 0 | 2277 | 2187 | 104.1 | **44** |
| 9 | St Kilda | 22 | 9 | 13 | 0 | 2328 | 2313 | 100.6 | **36** |
| 10 | Geelong | 22 | 8 | 14 | 0 | 2248 | 2398 | 93.7 | **32** |
| 11 | Richmond | 22 | 7 | 15 | 0 | 1988 | 2530 | 78.6 | **28** |
| 12 | Fitzroy | 22 | 7 | 15 | 0 | 1874 | 2389 | 78.4 | **28** |
| 13 | Sydney | 22 | 5 | 17 | 0 | 1904 | 2704 | 70.4 | **20** |
| 14 | Brisbane Bears | 22 | 4 | 18 | 0 | 1733 | 2426 | 71.4 | **16** |

Rules for classification: 1. premiership points; 2. percentage; 3. points for
Average score: 100.1
Source: AFL Tables

## Finals series

### Finals week 1

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Elimination Final | | |  |  |
| Sunday, 9 September 2:30pm | Melbourne | def. | Hawthorn | MCG (crowd: 74,954) |  |
|  | 1.2 (8)
3.6 (24)
9.10 (64)
10.13 (73) | Q1
Q2
Q3
Final | 2.6 (18)
4.7 (31)
5.10 (40)
8.16 (64) | **Umpires:** Carey, Sawers
**Television broadcast:** Seven Network
 | |
|  | |  |  | |
|  | |  |  | |
| Bennett **4**
Stretch **2**
Eishold, Healy, Jackson, Spalding **1** | | **Goals** | **2** Brereton, Dunstall, Hall
**1** Platten, Pritchard | |
| Eishold, Stynes, Campbell, Yeats, Rohde, Newport, Healy | | **Best** | Hall, Tuck, Mew, Pritchard | |
|  | |  |  | |
|  | |  |  | |
|
|  |
|
|  | | | | | |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Qualifying Final | | |  |  |
| Saturday, 8 September 2:30pm | Collingwood | drew with | West Coast | Waverley Park (crowd: 57,546) |  |
|  | 3.6 (24)
7.11 (53)
10.12 (72)
13.12 (90) | Q1
Q2
Q3
Final | 3.1 (19)
6.5 (41)
10.10 (70)
13.12 (90) | **Umpires:** Ball, Rich
**Television broadcast:** Seven Network
 | |
|  | |  |  | |
|  | |  |  | |
| Daicos **4**
Barwick, Brown **3**
Taylor **2**
Manson **1** | | **Goals** | **4** Sumich
**2** Lewis, Heady, Langdon
**1** Kemp, Keene, Waterman | |
| Brown, Wright, Francis, Millane, A. Richardson, Gayfer, Daicos | | **Best** | Lewis, Heady, Lamb, Mainwaring, Hart, Langdon, Watters | |
|  | |  |  | |
|  | |  |  | |
|
|  |
|
|  | | | | | |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Qualifying Final Replay | | |  |  |
| Saturday, 15 September 2:30pm | Collingwood | def. | West Coast | Waverley Park (crowd: 53,520) |  |
|  | 8.1 (49)
12.6 (78)
14.9 (93)
19.12 (126) | Q1
Q2
Q3
Final | 2.1 (13)
4.5 (29)
9.9 (63)
9.13 (67) | **Umpires:** Mitchell, Sheehan
**Television broadcast:** Seven Network
 | |
|  | |  |  | |
|  | |  |  | |
| Brown, Daicos **4**
Manson, Crosisca, Francis **2**
Kelly, Russell, McGuane, Christian, Millane **1** | | **Goals** | **4** Sumich
**2** Keene
**1** Langdon, Turley, Kemp | |
| Christian, Francis, Wright, Morwood, Brown, Gayfer, McGuane | | **Best** | Turley, Sumich, Lamb, Keene, Worsfold, Lewis | |
|  | |  |  | |
|  | |  |  | |
|
|  |
|
|  | | | | | |

### Finals week 2

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | First Semi-final | | |  |  |
| Saturday, 22 September 2:30pm | West Coast | def. | Melbourne | Waverley Park (crowd: 43,458) |  |
|  | 4.2 (26)
10.5 (65)
16.10 (106)
19.16 (130) | Q1
Q2
Q3
Final | 2.1 (13)
2.8 (20)
8.9 (57)
15.10 (100) | **Umpires:** Sawers, Rich
**Television broadcast:** Seven Network
 | |
|  | |  |  | |
|  | |  |  | |
| **6** Waterman
**4** Sumich
**3** Jackson
**2** Mainwaring
**1** Lewis, Keene, Langdon, Kemp | | **Goals** | Grinter **4**
Bennett, Yeats, Jackson **2**
Tingay, Campbell, Spalding, Healy, Eishold **1** | |
| Turley, Keene, Mainwaring, Waterman, McKenna, Jackson, Lewis | | **Best** | B. Lovett, Spalding, Campbell, Eishold, Stynes, Grinter | |
|  | |  |  | |
|  | |  |  | |
|
|  |
|
|  | | | | | |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Second Semi-final | | |  |  |
| Sunday, 23 September 2:30pm | Collingwood | def. | Essendon | MCG (crowd: 91,555) |  |
|  | 4.5 (29)
7.7 (49)
12.8 (80)
17.15 (117) | Q1
Q2
Q3
Final | 2.3 (15)
5.7 (37)
7.10 (52)
7.12 (54) | **Umpires:** Carey, Sheehan
**Television broadcast:** Seven Network
 | |
|  | |  |  | |
|  | |  |  | |
| Brown **5**
Daicos, Barwick **3**
Starcevich, Russell **2**
Francis, Crosisca **1** | | **Goals** | **3** Salmon
**1** Harvey, Kickett, Vander Haar, Thompson | |
| McGuane, Brown, Banks, Morwood, Russell, Francis, Christian | | **Best** | Salmon, T. Daniher, Thompson, Bewick, Ezard | |
|  | |  |  | |
|  | |  |  | |
|
|  |
|
|  | | | | | |

### Preliminary final

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Preliminary Final | | |  |  |
| Saturday, 29 September 2:30pm | Essendon | def. | West Coast | Waverley Park (crowd: 55,813) |  |
|  | 4.1 (25)
11.3 (69)
13.10 (88)
18.13 (121) | Q1
Q2
Q3
Final | 1.2 (8)
5.3 (33)
6.8 (44)
8.10 (58) | **Umpires:** Carey, Sheehan
**Television broadcast:** Seven Network
 | |
|  | |  |  | |
|  | |  |  | |
| Ezard, Harvey **3**
Salmon, Madden, Vander Haar **2**
Anderson, Bewick, Kickett, Long, Manning, Watson **1** | | **Goals** | **3** Jackson
**2** Sumich
**1** Heady, Langdon, Mainwaring | |
| Madden, T. Daniher, Anderson, Grenvold, Ezard, Hamilton, Bewick | | **Best** | Mainwaring, Lewis, Scott, Hart, Heady, Brennan, McKenna | |
|  | |  |  | |
|  | |  |  | |
|
|  |
|
|  | | | | | |

### Grand final

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1990 AFL Grand Final | | |  |  |
| Saturday, 6 October 2:30pm | Collingwood | def. | Essendon | MCG (crowd: 98,944) |  |
|  | 2.5 (17)
8.9 (57)
11.10 (76)
13.11 (89) | Q1
Q2
Q3
Final | 2.2 (14)
3.5 (23)
5.6 (36)
5.11 (41) | **Umpires:** Sawers, Rich
**Norm Smith Medal:** Tony Shaw
**Television broadcast:** Seven Network
**National anthem:** Normie Rowe
 | |
|  | |  |  | |
|  | |  |  | |
| Brown 2, Barwick 2, Crosisca 2, Russell 2, Daicos 2, Monkhorst, Starcevich, McGuane | | **Goals** | Salmon 2, Kickett, Somerville, Grenvold | |
| Shaw, Russell, Monkhorst, Millane, Francis, Kerrison, Starcevich, Crosisca, McGuane | | **Best** | Watson, Sporn, T. Daniher, Kickett, Ezard, O'Donnell | |
| Brown (concussion), Starcevich (concussion) | | **Injuries** | Nil | |
| See Tribunal | | **Reports** | See Tribunal | |
|
|  |
|
|  | | | | | |

## Season notes

* The Victorian Football League (VFL) was renamed and re-badged, with a new logo, as the Australian Football League in 1990.
* VFL Park was re-designated as Waverley Park, although it took about two or three years for football commentators and sporting editors to stop using the old name for the ground.
* Prior to the season, it was announced that Fitzroy and Footscray – both in serious financial difficulty – would be merging to form a single club known as the Fitzroy Bulldogs, which was to have commenced in the AFL in 1990. Less than three weeks after the announcement, a successful grass-roots campaign by Footscray supporters restored their club to a position of financial viability, and the merger was cancelled.
* Five minutes into the third quarter of the Round 1 game between Geelong and Hawthorn, the Cats led the Hawks 10.6 (66) to 9.11 (65): Hawthorn then outscored Geelong 19.13 (127) to 1.5 (11) in the rest of the game to win by 115 points.
* Under the AFL rules at the time, the drawn qualifying final between Collingwood and West Coast was replayed on the following weekend. This meant that minor premier Essendon was given a second consecutive bye week, giving them three weeks between games: Essendon ultimately reached the grand final through the preliminary final, but they were soundly beaten in both the second semi-final and grand final, to which many laid partial blame upon the extended layoff. Additionally, the one-week delay caused scheduling issues for venues and hotels, as a large number of league and corporate events related to the finals, and particularly in the week of the grand final, had to be rescheduled: the extent of this was unprecedented, as the number and scale of such events had increased significantly since the last drawn early weeks finals match, the 1972 second semi-final. The AFL introduced the provision to play extra time in drawn finals matches, except the grand final, in future years to prevent any repeat of these logistical problems; extra time was implemented in the grand final from 2016.
* The Port Adelaide Football Club from the South Australian National Football League made a bid to join the AFL; the application was rejected, with a composite SANFL team, christened the "Adelaide Crows", being admitted to the AFL competition in the 1991 season. Port Adelaide ultimately entered the competition in 1997.
* The Brisbane-Melbourne game in round 5 was the 10,000th VFL/AFL match.
* North Melbourne won the Under 19's premiership. North Melbourne 16.12 (108) defeated Melbourne 5.14 (44) in the Grand Final, held as a curtain-raiser to the reserves grand final on 6 October at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.
* Carlton won the reserves premiership. Carlton 14.14 (98) defeated Melbourne 11.15 (81) in the Grand Final, held as a curtain-raiser to the seniors grand final on 6 October at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.

## Awards

* Stephen Rodgers: *Every Game Ever Played* VFL/AFL Results 1897–1991 3rd Edition 1992. Penguin Books Australia ISBN 0-670-90526-7.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| 1990 AFL premiership season | |
| --- | --- |
| Teams | 14 |
| Premiers | Collingwood
14th premiership |
| Minor premiers | Essendon
13th minor premiership |
| Pre-season cup | Essendon
1st pre-season cup win |
| Brownlow Medallist | Tony Liberatore (Footscray) |
| Coleman Medallist | John Longmire (North Melbourne) |
| Attendance | |
| Matches played | 161 |
| Total attendance | 4,086,283 (25,381 per match) |
| Highest | 98,944 (Grand final, Collingwood vs. Essendon) |
|  | |


title: Alur language

abstract: Alur is a Western Nilotic language spoken in the southern West Nile region of Uganda and the northeastern Ituri Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The language's subdialects are Jokot, Jonam/Lo-Naam, Mambisa and Wanyoro.

text:
# Alur language

**Alur** (Dho-Alur \[d̟ɔ.a.lur\]) is a Western Nilotic language spoken in the southern West Nile region of Uganda and the northeastern Ituri Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The language's subdialects are Jokot, Jonam/Lo-Naam (mainly spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo), Mambisa and Wanyoro.

## Phonology

### Vowels

Alur has 9 vowels.

|  | Front | Central | Back |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Close |  |  |  |
| Near-close |  |  |  |
| Close-mid |  |  |  |
| Open-mid |  |  |  |
| Open |  |  |  |

### Consonants

Alur has 23 consonants.

|  | Labial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Palato-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Nasal |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Plosive |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Fricative |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Affricate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Trill |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Approximant |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## Grammar

Alur has an SVO word order.

## Orthography

The Alur language has no officially accepted orthography. However, informal conventions have been established in written materials and road signs.

First, there is usually no written tonal distinction. Second, the phonemic distinction between // and /ng/ is occasionally reflected in the orthography, with // represented by 'ŋ' and /ng/ represented by 'ng'. However, // is also frequently written as 'ng', confusing it orthographically with /ng/.

## InfoBox

| Alur | |
| --- | --- |
| *Lur* | |
| Region | Orientale Province (Democratic Republic of Congo), Nebbi and Zombo districts of Uganda |
| Ethnicity | Alur |
| Native speakers | 1.7 million (2001–2014) |
| Language family | Nilo-Saharan? |
| Dialects | * Jonam * Mambisa * Wanyoro |
| Writing system | Latin |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | `alz` |
| *Glottolog* | `alur1250` |


title: 1969–70 Kentucky Colonels season

abstract: The 1969–70 Kentucky Colonels season was the third season of the Colonels in the American Basketball Association. On April 15, 1969, the Colonels were bought by a group of Louisville investors that included H. Wendell Cherry, Bill DeWitt, J. David Grissom, Stuart P. Jay, David A. Jones, John Y. Brown Jr. and Mike Storen. The Colonels won their first ever playoff series, beating the New York Nets 4 games to 3. In the Eastern Division Finals. with the chance to go to the ABA Finals, they lost to the eventual champion Indiana Pacers 4 games to 1.

text:
# 1969–70 Kentucky Colonels season

The **1969–70 Kentucky Colonels season** was the third season of the Colonels in the American Basketball Association. On April 15, 1969, the Colonels were bought by a group of Louisville investors that included H. Wendell Cherry, Bill DeWitt, J. David Grissom, Stuart P. Jay, David A. Jones, John Y. Brown Jr. and Mike Storen. The Colonels won their first ever playoff series, beating the New York Nets 4 games to 3. In the Eastern Division Finals. with the chance to go to the ABA Finals, they lost to the eventual champion Indiana Pacers 4 games to 1.

## Roster

## Final standings

### Eastern Division

| Eastern Division | W | L | PCT | GB |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Indiana Pacers *** | 59 | 25 | .702 | - |
| Kentucky Colonels * | 45 | 39 | .536 | 14.0 |
| Carolina Cougars * | 42 | 42 | .500 | 17.0 |
| New York Nets * | 39 | 45 | .464 | 20.0 |
| Pittsburgh Pipers | 29 | 55 | .345 | 30.0 |
| Miami Floridians | 23 | 61 | .274 | 36.0 |

## Playoffs

**Eastern Division Semifinals**

| **Game** | **Date** | **Location** | **Score** | **Record** | **Attendance** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | April 17 | Kentucky | 118–122 (OT) | 0–1 | 2,105 |
| 2 | April 18 | Kentucky | 113–111 | 1–1 | 3,178 |
| 3 | April 19 | New York | 99–107 | 1–2 | 2,106 |
| 4 | April 22 | New York | 128–101 | 2–2 | 4,721 |
| 5 | April 26 | Kentucky | 112–127 | 2–3 | 2,045 |
| 6 | April 28 | New York | 116–113 | 3–3 | 5,039 |
| 7 | April 29 | Kentucky | 112–101 | 4–3 | 2,876 |

*Colonels win series, 4–3*

**Eastern Division Finals**

| **Game** | **Date** | **Location** | **Score** | **Record** | **Attendance** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | May 1 | Indiana | 114–110 | 1–0 | 5,939 |
| 2 | May 2 | Indiana | 110–121 | 1–1 | 7,007 |
| 3 | May 3 | Kentucky | 110–114 | 1–2 | 3,024 |
| 4 | May 5 | Kentucky | 103–111 | 1–3 | 3,476 |
| 5 | May 6 | Indiana | 103–117 | 1–4 | 5,453 |

*Colonels lose series, 4–1*

## Awards and honors

**1970 ABA All-Star Game selections (game played on January 24, 1970)**

## InfoBox

| 1969–70 Kentucky Colonels season | |
| --- | --- |
| Head coach | Gene Rhodes |
| Arena | Louisville Convention Center |
| Results | |
| Record | 4539 (.536) |
| Place | Division: 2nd (Eastern) |
| Playoff finish | Lost in the Eastern Division Finals |
|


title: Elatophilus

abstract: Elatophilus is a genus of minute pirate bugs in the family Anthocoridae. There are about 15 described species in Elatophilus.

text:
# Elatophilus

***Elatophilus*** is a genus of minute pirate bugs in the family Anthocoridae. There are about 15 described species in *Elatophilus*.

## Species

These 15 species belong to the genus *Elatophilus*:

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Elatophilus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Family: | Anthocoridae |
| Tribe: | Anthocorini |
| Genus: | *Elatophilus*<br>Reuter, 1884 |
|
| Subgenera | |
|  | |
| Synonyms | |
| * Xenotracheliella  Drake and Harris, 1926 | |


title: Anne Marthe Mvoto

abstract: Anne Marthe Mvoto is a Cameroonian journalist and politician, the second woman to anchor television news after Dénise Epoté.

text:
# Anne Marthe Mvoto

**Anne Marthe Mvoto** is a Cameroonian journalist and politician, the second woman to anchor television news after Dénise Epoté.

## Early life

Anne Marthe Mvoto hails from Atok, the village of General Angouand situated between Abong-Mbang and Ayos. She has a fervent interest in the audiovisual and journalism professions and pursued her studies at the Lille school in France. Marthe Mvoto initiated her career at Radio Cameroon in the 1980.

## Career

Between 1991 and 2008 Anne Marthe Mvoto served as the presenter of television news at Cameroon Radio and Television (CRTV).

After nearly 20 years of anchoring television news, she was dismissed by her employer two years before her retirement. She engaged a lawyer, and eventually, both parties reached an amicable settlement.

In 2010, following her departure from public television, she launched her own magazine to express herself differently.

In December 2016, eight years after departing CRTV, she made a comeback on screen as a guest on the morning show to discuss her new professional endeavors.

In 2016 she managed the commercial aspect of a new weekly magazine.

In 2020 former TV anchor Anne Marthe Mvoto contested as a member of the regional council of the Eastern region, her hometown, but unfortunately, she lost the election.

1. "journalisme politique". *bernardbangda.centerblog.net*. Retrieved 2023-05-30.
2. Stephanie (2020-06-17). "Anne Marthe Mvoto". *Médias Du Cameroun* (in French). Retrieved 2023-05-05.
3. "Anne Marthe Mvoto: De l'écran à la presse écrite". *Journal du Cameroun* (in French). 2010-02-05. Retrieved 2023-05-05.
4. "Cameroon-Info.Net". *www.cameroon-info.net* (in French). Retrieved 2023-05-05.
5. "Cameroon-Info.Net". *www.cameroon-info.net* (in French). Retrieved 2023-05-05.
6. "Cameroun : Les retraités de la Crtv créent un journal". *DIAF TV* (in French). 2016-02-02. Retrieved 2023-05-05.
7. Etoundi, Elsa (2020-12-24). "Régionales au Cameroun : comment le RDPC a lâché ses favoris". *Monde Actuel* (in French). Retrieved 2023-05-30.

## InfoBox

| Anne Marthe Mvoto | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Atok, Cameroon |
| Nationality | Cameroonian |
| Occupation(s) | Journalist, politician |
| Years active | 1980s–present |
| Notable work | Second woman to present television news in Cameroon |


title: Alsike, Alberta

abstract: Alsike is an unincorporated place in central Alberta in Leduc County, located on Highway 39, Highway 22. It is 61 kilometres (38 mi) west of Leduc. The first general store opened in 1938. Alsike is notable for its horse farms and dude ranches. The Fort Saskatchewan Correctional Facility has an affiliated Alsike Camp. The Alsike area has been studied for its fungus outbreaks, first Ambrosiella and Raffaelea in certain trees, spread by symbiotic host beetles. In 1983, the area's clover was struck by a fungus epidemic of Olpidium brassicae and Ligniera species, previously not seen in Canada.

text:
# Alsike, Alberta

Alsikeclass=notpageimage|Location of Alsike Alberta

**Alsike** is an unincorporated place in central Alberta in Leduc County, located on Highway 39, Highway 22. It is 61 kilometres (38 mi) west of Leduc. The first general store opened in 1938.

Alsike is notable for its horse farms and dude ranches.

The Fort Saskatchewan Correctional Facility has an affiliated Alsike Camp.

The Alsike area has been studied for its fungus outbreaks, first *Ambrosiella* and *Raffaelea* in certain trees, spread by symbiotic host beetles. In 1983, the area's clover (which is a major part of horses' diet) was struck by a fungus epidemic of *Olpidium brassicae* and *Ligniera* species, previously not seen in Canada.

53°11′30″N 114°27′50″W / 53.19167°N 114.46389°W / 53.19167; -114.46389 (Alsike)


title: Alfred Teitel

abstract:
Alfred Bernard Teitel (1900–1980) was a Romanian pharmacologist. He was posthumously elected a member of the Romanian Academy in 2006.
Born on January 25, 1900, in Bukovina, into a Jewish family, Alfred Bernard Teitel became a pharmacist. He obtained his medical degree from Charles University in Prague in 1926 and then worked at the University of Bucharest as an assistant professor of pharmacology. In 1938, aged 32, Teitel was deported to Transnistria and subsequently to Auschwitz concentration camp, where he died in early 1980. He is considered a pioneer of pharmacology in Romanian. Like his father, Teitel was also a writer. He published several books, including "Pharmacology" (1951), "Patrimoniul Corpului. Efecte de medicamente" (1960), "Toxicologia" (1967), "Efectele medicamentelor asupra organismului. Teoria totala" (1970), and "Din medicina si farmacie. Carti de Apicultura" (1977). In 2006, Alfred Bernard Teitel was posthumously elected as a member of the Romanian Academy.

text:
# Alfred Teitel

**Alfred Bernard Teitel** (19001980) was a Romanian pharmacologist.

He was posthumously elected a member of the Romanian Academy in 2006. Born on January 25, 1900, in Bukovina, into a Jewish family, Alfred Bernard Teitel became a pharmacist. He obtained his medical degree from Charles University in Prague in 1926 and then worked at the University of Bucharest as an assistant professor of pharmacology.

In 1938, aged 32, Teitel was deported to Transnistria and subsequently to Auschwitz concentration camp, where he died in early 1980. He is considered a pioneer of pharmacology in Romanian .

Like his father, Teitel was also a writer. He published several books, including "Pharmacology" (1951), "Patrimoniul Corpului. Efecte de medicamente" (1960), "Toxicologia" (1967), "Efectele medicamentelor asupra organismului. Teoria totala" (1970), and "Din medicina si farmacie. Carti de Apicultura" (1977).

In 2006, Alfred Bernard Teitel was posthumously elected as a member of the Romanian Academy.


title: Erzulie Maketh Scent

abstract: Erzulie Maketh Scent is a live album featuring a solo performance by pianist Cecil Taylor recorded in Berlin on July 16, 1988 as part of month-long series of concerts by Taylor and released on the FMP label. In the album liner notes, Bert Noglik described the music as "something like a resume of the different musical sides of Cecil Taylor. A music full of determination and at the same time extraordinarily gentle. Nowadays he plays more from 'a feeling of joy', Taylor had confessed to me. On the question of fantasy, Taylor talked about Magic. Here at least the terms interlock: Magic is to be found in the essence of fantasy. Cecil Taylor has said that improvisation represent the raising of Man's spiritual capacities, in the trance state. This state, which exists outside the bounds of 'reason' does not mean a reduction in, but an intensification of one's capacity for awareness. The Berlin concert gave such an idea. Clarity, the feeling of something glimmering, integrity. All this may sound a bit euphoric, requiring some additional explanation: It is the music that stands out, no ideology, no personality cult, no over-interpreted idea, no New-Age."

text:
# Erzulie Maketh Scent

***Erzulie Maketh Scent*** is a live album featuring a solo performance by pianist Cecil Taylor recorded in Berlin on July 16, 1988 as part of month-long series of concerts by Taylor and released on the FMP label.

In the album liner notes, Bert Noglik described the music as "something like a resume of the different musical sides of Cecil Taylor. A music full of determination and at the same time (despite the cliché) extraordinarily gentle. Nowadays he plays more from 'a feeling of joy', Taylor had confessed to me. On the question of fantasy, Taylor talked about Magic. Here at least the terms interlock: Magic is to be found in the essence of fantasy. Cecil Taylor has said that improvisation represent the raising of Man's spiritual capacities, in the trance state. This state, which exists outside the bounds of 'reason' does not mean a reduction in, but an intensification of one's capacity for awareness. The Berlin concert gave such an idea. Clarity, the feeling of something glimmering, integrity. All this may sound a bit euphoric, requiring some additional explanation: It is the music that stands out, no ideology, no personality cult, no over-interpreted idea, no New-Age."

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| *The Penguin Guide to Jazz* |  |

The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek states "This solo concert, performed on the second to last day of a monthlong stay in Berlin in which Taylor performed in every conceivable setting, is perhaps the most satisfying of his recording career. Taylor's many influences, interests, and obsessions are engaged here: They are mused upon, debated, and underscored for emphasis. His exploratory range has never been greater than it is on this three-part set, with two short and very delightful "songs" tagged on at the end. Taylor's sense of playfulness seldom comes through in his solo work, and this piece is full of it. Here is the place where the man truly lives as an artist... Of all the solo work Taylor did in the '80s — and there was plenty — this is the one to own. Go ahead. Be amazed".

## Track listing

*All compositions by Cecil Taylor.* 1. "Erzulie Maketh Scent Part 1" - 33:15
2. "Erzulie Maketh Scent Part 2" - 22:06
3. "Erzulie Maketh Scent Part 3" - 16:46
4. "Water" - 1:33
5. "Stone" - 1:03

* + Recorded in Berlin on July 16, 1988

## Personnel

* Cecil Taylor – piano

## InfoBox

| Erzulie Maketh Scent | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Cecil Taylor | |
| Released | 1989 |
| Recorded | July 16, 1988 |
| Venue | Kongresshalle, Berlin |
| Genre | Free jazz |
| Label | FMP |
| Producer | Jost Gebers |
| Cecil Taylor chronology | |
| *Legba Crossing*
(1989) ***Erzulie Maketh Scent***
(1989) *Leaf Palm Hand*
(1989) | |


title: 1990 Swiss Indoors

abstract: The 1990 Swiss Indoors was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the St. Jakobshalle in Basel, Switzerland that was part of the World Series of the 1990 ATP Tour. It was the 21st edition of the tournament and took place from 24 September until 30 September 1990. Third-seeded John McEnroe won the singles title.

text:
# 1990 Swiss Indoors

The **1990 Swiss Indoors** was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts at the St. Jakobshalle in Basel, Switzerland that was part of the World Series of the 1990 ATP Tour. It was the 21st edition of the tournament and took place from 24 September until 30 September 1990. Third-seeded John McEnroe won the singles title.

## Finals

### Singles

John McEnroe defeated  Goran Ivanišević 6–7(4–7), 4–6, 7–6(7–3), 6–3, 6–4

* It was McEnroe's 1st singles title of the year and the 76th of his career.

### Doubles

Stefan Kruger /  Christo van Rensburg defeated  Neil Broad /  Gary Muller 4–6, 7–6, 6–3

## InfoBox

| 1990 Swiss Indoors | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 24–30 September |
| Edition | 21st |
| Category | World Series |
| Draw | 32S / 16D |
| Prize money | 450,000 |
| Surface | Hard / indoor |
| Location | Basel, Switzerland |
| Venue | St. Jakobshalle |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| John McEnroe | |
| Doubles | |
| Stefan Kruger
Christo van Rensburg | |
|  | |


title: Anna Finocchiaro

abstract: Anna Finocchiaro Fidelbo is an Italian politician. She was the Democratic Party's leader in the Senate from 2007 to 2013. She served as Minister for Equal Opportunities in the cabinet of Romano Prodi from 1996 to 1998.

text:
# Anna Finocchiaro

**Anna Finocchiaro Fidelbo** (Italian pronunciation: \[ˈanna finokˈkjaːro\]; born 31 March 1955) is an Italian politician. She was the Democratic Party's leader in the Senate from 2007 to 2013. She served as Minister for Equal Opportunities in the cabinet of Romano Prodi from 1996 to 1998.

## Biography

Born in Modica, Finocchiaro graduated in law in 1978, and she worked for the Banca d'Italia's branch in Savona before becoming a magistrate in Leonforte in 1982. She served as a magistrate until 1985, when she was appointed as a deputy public prosecutor at the court of Catania. She was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a member of the Italian Communist Party in 1987; she was elected to Catania's council in 1988. Finocchiaro was later a member of both the Democratic Party of the Left and the Democrats of the Left, and she was a founding member of the Democratic Party (PD) in 2007.

Finocchiaro served as Minister for Equal Opportunities in the first cabinet of Romano Prodi from 1996 to 1998. She stood for the Senate for the first time in the 2006 Italian general election; she was named as the group chair of the Olive Tree coalition following her election. Finocchiaro was named the leader of the PD in the Senate following the party's creation in 2007 and was reconfirmed as leader following the 2008 Italian general election. In 2008 she also stood unsuccessfully to be President of Sicily.

After being under investigation by the Italian courts for abuse of office aggravated fraud, her husband was completely acquitted on all counts in 2018.

## InfoBox

| Anna Finocchiaro | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Minister for Parliamentary Relations | |
| **In office**
12 December 2016  1 June 2018 | |
| Prime Minister | Paolo Gentiloni |
| Preceded by | Maria Elena Boschi |
| Succeeded by | Riccardo Fraccaro |
| Minister for Equal Opportunities | |
| **In office**
17 May 1996  21 October 1998 | |
| Prime Minister | Romano Prodi |
| Preceded by | *Position established* |
| Succeeded by | Laura Balbo |
| Member of the Senate | |
| **In office**
28 April 2006  22 March 2018 | |
| Constituency | Sicily (2006–2008)
Emilia-Romagna (2008–2013)
Apulia (2013–2018) |
| Member of the Chamber of Deputies | |
| **In office**
2 July 1987  27 April 2006 | |
| Constituency | Sicily |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1955-03-31) 31 March 1955
Modica, Italy |
| Political party | PCI (before 1991)
PDS (1991–1998)
DS (1998–2007)
PD (since 2007) |
|  | |


title: Alvesia

abstract:
Alvesia is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, first described in 1869. It is native to central Africa.
  - Species
  - Alvesia clerodendroides (T.C.E.Fr.) B.Mathew - Burundi, Tanzania
  - Alvesia cylindricalyx (B.Mathew) B.Mathew - Zaïre, Zambia
  - Alvesia rosmarinifolia Welw. - Congo-Brazzaville, Zaïre, Zambia Angola

text:
# Alvesia

***Alvesia*** is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, first described in 1869. It is native to central Africa.

Species

## InfoBox

| *Alvesia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Lamiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Nepetoideae |
| Tribe: | Ocimeae |
| Genus: | *Alvesia*<br>Welw. |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Plectranthastrum* T.C.E.Fr. | |


title: 1969–70 Kent Football League

abstract:
The 1969–70 Kent Football League season was the fourth in the history of the Kent Football League, a football competition based in and around the county of Kent in England. The league comprised one division and there was also a league cup competition, the Challenge Cup. The league featured teams from 15 clubs including five reserves teams. Fourteen of the clubs had competed in the league the previous season and they were joined by one additional club:
  - Kent Police, joined from the Kent County Amateur League The league was won by Faversham Town, the first of two successive Kent League titles.

text:
# 1969–70 Kent Football League

The **1969–70 Kent Football League season** was the fourth in the history of the Kent Football League, a football competition based in and around the county of Kent in England.

The league comprised one division and there was also a league cup competition, the Challenge Cup.

The league featured teams from 15 clubs including five reserves teams. Fourteen of the clubs had competed in the league the previous season and they were joined by one additional club:

The league was won by Faversham Town, the first of two successive Kent League titles.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GAv | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Faversham Town | 28 | 21 | 5 | 2 | 67 | 21 | 3.190 | 47 |
| 2 | Kent Police | 28 | 18 | 3 | 7 | 80 | 55 | 1.455 | 39 |
| 3 | Tunnel Sports | 28 | 15 | 7 | 6 | 58 | 25 | 2.320 | 37 |
| 4 | Sittingbourne | 28 | 15 | 7 | 6 | 60 | 36 | 1.667 | 37 |
| 5 | Tunbridge Wells | 28 | 10 | 11 | 7 | 56 | 50 | 1.120 | 31 |
| 6 | Margate Reserves | 28 | 11 | 8 | 9 | 47 | 49 | 0.959 | 30 |
| 7 | Chatham Town | 28 | 13 | 2 | 13 | 62 | 53 | 1.170 | 28 |
| 8 | Snowdown Colliery Welfare | 28 | 11 | 5 | 12 | 54 | 52 | 1.038 | 27 |
| 9 | Whitstable Town | 28 | 10 | 7 | 11 | 44 | 50 | 0.880 | 27 |
| 10 | Deal Town Reserves | 28 | 9 | 7 | 12 | 41 | 47 | 0.872 | 25 |
| 11 | Ramsgate Athletic Reserves | 28 | 8 | 7 | 13 | 53 | 62 | 0.855 | 23 |
| 12 | Brett Sports | 28 | 6 | 9 | 13 | 32 | 55 | 0.582 | 21 |
| 13 | Sheppey United Reserves | 28 | 5 | 7 | 16 | 44 | 71 | 0.620 | 17 |
| 14 | Crockenhill | 28 | 6 | 4 | 18 | 40 | 77 | 0.519 | 16 |
| 15 | Folkestone Reserves | 28 | 5 | 5 | 18 | 35 | 70 | 0.500 | 15 |

Source: "Kent League Final Table". *Faversham News*. 5 June 1970. p. 10. Retrieved 25 March 2024  via British Newspaper Archive.
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal average; 3) number of goals scored.

## Challenge Cup

The 1969–70 **Kent Football League Challenge Cup** was won by newly admitted club Kent Police, their sole winners trophy whilst playing in the Kent League.

The competition was contested by the 15 teams from the league over four rounds, the first and second where two leg home and away aggregate score ties followed by single match knock-out semi-finals to reach the final, played on a neutral ground (at Sittingbourne F.C. this season).

### Quarter-finals, Semi-finals and Final

|  | **Quarter-finals** | | | | |  |  | **Semi-finals** | | | | |  |  | **Final** | | | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Ramsgate Athletic Reserves | | 1 | 1 | 2 |  |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |
|  | || | | | | |
|  | Chatham Town | | 1 | 6 | 7 |  | ||
|  | |  | | | | | **Chatham Town** | | | | 3 |  ||
|  | | |  | | | | | | |  ||
|  | |  |  | Faversham Town | | | | 2 |  ||
|  | Faversham Town | | | | 1 | 3 | | | 4 |  ||
|  | |  | | | | | | | | | | ||
|  | | Whitstable Town | | 1 | 2 | 3 |  ||
|  | |  | | | | | Chatham Town | | | | 0 |  |
|  | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  |
|  | |  |  | **Kent Police** | | | | 2 |  |
|  | Sittingbourne | | | | 4 | 2 | | | 6 |  |  | | | | | | |
|  | |  | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | Deal Town Reserves | | 0 | 1 | 1 | |  |
|  | |  | | | | | Sittingbourne | | | | 0 |  |
|  | | |  | | | | | | |  |
|  | |  |  | **Kent Police** | | | | 5 |  |
|  | | | | Kent Police | | 3 | | | 1 | 4 |  |
|  | |  | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | Tunnel Sports | | 1 | 1 | 2 |  |

### First Round

Sources:

1. "Police Recruits". *East Kent Times and Mail*. Ramsgate. 16 May 1969. p. 15.
2. "First Division past winners / runners-up". *kentleague.com*. 2013. Archived from the original on 17 April 2013. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
3. "League Cup Winners since 1923". SCEFL. February 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
4. "Your weekend fixture guide: Tomorrow: Soccer: Kent League Cup Final". *Evening Post*. Chatham. 15 May 1970. p. 31.

## InfoBox

Kent Football League
| Season | 1969–70 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Faversham Town |
| Matches played | 210 |
| Goals scored | 773 (3.68 per match) |
| 1968–69 1970–71 | |


title: 0.8Syooogeki

abstract: 0.8Syooogeki were a two-member Japanese independent band, who debuted in 2009 with the single "Postman John".

text:
# 0.8Syooogeki

**0.8Syooogeki** (0.8秒と衝撃。, *Reitenhachi-byō to Shōgeki.*, "0.8 Seconds and a Crash.") were a two-member Japanese independent band, who debuted in 2009 with the single "Postman John".

## Biography

The band was formed in 2008, with the members J.M. and Tadaomi Tōyama. J.M. was signed to an exclusive contract with *Pinky* fashion magazine, however the magazine disbanded in late 2009. Tōyama also works as a radio personality on Tokyo FM. Tadaomi Tōyama writes and produces the majority of the band's songs, with J.M. occasionally adding additional arrangement. Both members feature as vocalists, and Tōyama also performs guitar in the band.

Throughout 2008, the band entered music competitions, and applied to record company auditions. The band began performing lives in late August 2010, and released their debut single "Postman John" in September. The band's debut album, *Zoo & Lennon* was released a month later in October 2010, under independent label Evol Records' sub-label, Actwise.

The band released an extended play, *Ethnofunky Dostoyevsky Comecome Club EP*, in August 2010, and at the same time Tōyama began writing a column for alternative magazine *Skream!*. The band's *Ichi-bō Ni-bō San-bō Yon-bō Go-bō Roku-bō, Tōyō no Techno.* was released in May 2011, preceded by the single "Machizō, Machiko, Hakai" in March 2011. These two releases were the first to chart on *Oricon*'s singles and albums chart, reaching numbers 72 and 80 respectively.

In 2017, they announced that they were to end their activities together after a series of live shows.

## Discography

### Albums

| Year | Album Information | Oricon
Albums
Charts
 | Reported
sales
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | ***Zoo & Lennon*** |  |  |
| 2011 | ***Blast 1 Blast 2 Blast 3 Blast 4 Blast 5 Blast 6, Far East Techno.*** (1暴2暴3暴4暴5暴6暴、東洋のテクノ。, *
Ichi-bō Ni-bō San-bō Yon-bō Go-bō Roku-bō, Tōyō no Techno.*)* Released: May 18, 2011 * Label: Actwise (EVOL-1015) * Formats: CD, digital download | 72 | 1,500 |
| 2013 | ***\[Patron Deity of Electric Music\]*** (【電子音楽の守護神】, *\[Denshi Ongaku no Shugoshin\]*)* Released: February 6, 2013 * Label: Actwise (EVOL-1030) * Formats: CD, digital download | 49 | 3,200 |
| 2013 | ***NEW GERMAN WAVE4**** Released: November 6, 2013 * Label: Actwise (EVOL-1033) * Formats: CD, digital download |  |  |
| 2013 | ***Destruction Pop*** (破壊POP, *Hakai Pop*)* Released: August 8, 2015 * Label: Hagata (HAGT-003) * Formats: CD, digital download |  |  |

### Extended plays

| Year | Album Information | Oricon
Albums
Charts
 | Reported
sales
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | ***Ethnofunky Dostoyevsky Comecome Club EP*** (エスノファンキードストエフスキーカムカムクラブEP, *Esunofankī Dosuroefusukī Kamukamu Kurabu Ī Pī*)* Released: August 4, 2010 * Label: Actwise (EVOL-1010) * Formats: CD, digital download |  |  |
| 2012 | ***Vertical JM Yayayard EP*** (バーティカルJ.M.ヤーヤーヤードEP, *Bātikaru Jei Em Yāyāyādo Ī Pī*)* Released: June 6, 2012 * Label: Actwise (EVOL-1020) * Formats: CD, digital download | 28 | 2,800 |
| 2014 | ***Inari Sushi Girl's Tears,,, EP*** (いなり寿司ガールの涙、、、EP, *Inarizushi gāru no namida,,, Ī Pī*)* Released: September 10, 2014 * Label: Hagata (HAGT-001) * Formats: CD, digital download |  |  |
| 2015 | ***Jasmine Lover*** (ジャスミンの恋人, *Jasumin no koibito*)* Released: March 18, 2015 * Label: Hagata (HAGT-002) * Formats: CD, digital download |  |  |
| 2017 | ***Tara, Tu, Sutra*** (つぁら、とぅ、すとら, *Tsuara, tou, su tora*)* Released: March 15, 2017 * Label: Hagata (HAGT-004) * Formats: CD |  |  |

### Singles

| Release | Title | Notes | Chart positions | | Oricon
sales
 | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | *Oricon* Singles Charts
 | *Billboard* Japan Hot 100
 | | |
| 2009 | "Postman John" | Released exclusively at Tower Records, Disk Union and indiesmusic.com |  |  |  | *Zoo & Lennon* |
| 2011 | "Machizō, Machiko, Hakai" (「町蔵・町子・破壊」, "Town Storage, Town Kid, Destruction") | Limited 2,000 copy production run | 80 |  | 1,200 | *Ichi-bō Ni-bō San-bō Yon-bō Go-bō Roku-bō, Tōyō no Techno.* |

## InfoBox

| 0.8Syooogeki | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Japan |
| Genres | New wave, post-punk, folk |
| Years active | 2008–2017 |
| Labels | Actwise (2009—2017) |
|  | |
| Past members | Tadaomi Tōyama
J.M. |
|  | |
| Website | syooogeki.com |


title: Ann Allen Shockley

abstract: Ann Allen Shockley is an American journalist, editor and author, specialising in themes of interracial lesbian love, especially the plight of black lesbians living under what she views as the "triple oppression" of racism, sexism, and homophobia. She has also encouraged libraries to place special emphasis on Afro-American collections.

text:
# Ann Allen Shockley

**Ann Allen Shockley** (born June 21, 1927) is an American journalist, editor and author, specialising in themes of interracial lesbian love, especially the plight of black lesbians living under what she views as the "triple oppression" of racism, sexism, and homophobia. She has also encouraged libraries to place special emphasis on Afro-American collections.

## Life and career

Shockley was born in 1927 in Louisville, Kentucky. Shockley was encouraged to read and write creatively at a young age and was heavily influenced by Richard Wright's short-story form in *Uncle Tom's Children*. Her eighth-grade teacher, Harriet La Forest, was said to serve as Shockley's early mentor and had a large influence on Shockley's writing.

She started writing for an audience in high school, where she worked as the editor for her school's newspaper. She continued to work as a journalist and column writer for various newspapers in her undergraduate studies and later graduated with a bachelor's degree from Fisk University in 1948. Shockley went on to receive her master's degree in library science from Case Western Reserve University in 1959.

She married teacher William Shockley in 1948, and had two children named William Leslie Jr. and Tamara Ann. The couple later divorced but Shockley kept her ex-husband's last name.

Shockley worked as a librarian at Delaware State College and the University of Maryland Eastern Shore, before working for Special Negro Collection at Fisk University in 1969. She served as a professor of library science, university archivist, as well as an associate librarian for special collections at Fisk and founded the Black Oral History Program until she later retired in 1988. Throughout her career, Shockley published several books on librarianship and special collections, particularly related to African-American collections. She became a writer of more than thirty short stories, novels, and articles that address issues of racism and homophobia.

Shockley wrote numerous articles on the literature of the time, especially within Black feminist circles and was a noted literary critic and feminist theorist.

Shockley was awarded the Lee Lynch Classics Award for her novel *Loving Her*, originally published in 1974 and republished in 2014. The award was awarded in 2019 as a part of the 15th Annual Goldie Literary Awards held by the United States's only lesbian literary organization, the Golden Crown Literary Society (GCLS).

## Major works

### Newspaper columns

Throughout July 1945 through March 1954, Shockley worked as a freelance newspaper columnist. She has several works in newspaper columns documented in the *Louisville Defender*, *Fisk University Herald*, *Federalsburg \[MD\] Times*, and *Bridgeville \[DE\] News* that centered primarily around issues in the African-American community and LGBT community. Her writings can be found under "Mostly Teen Talk", "Duffy's Corner", and "Ebony's Topics".

### Short stories

Shockley has also written many short stories, most of which center on issues surrounding homosexuality, being African American, and being a woman. Through these short stories, Shockley sheds light on the conditions in which these people live and the impact these conditions have on their lives. These short stories include "Holly Craft Isn't Gay" (1980), "A Meeting of Sapphic Daughters" (Spring 1979), which can be found in *The Black and White of It* (1980), as well as "The Eternal Triangle" (1948), "The Curse of Kapa" (1951), and "Monday Will Be Better" (1964), posted in various outlets such as *Afro-American \[Baltimore\]* and *Negro Digest*. Most of Shockley's short stories were controversial for their time.

### Non-fiction

* *A History of Public Library Services to Negroes in the South, 1900–1955* (1960)
* *A Handbook for the Administration of Special Black Collections* (1970)
* *Living Black American Authors: A Biographical Directory* (comp. and ed. with Sue P. Chandler) (1973)
* *A Handbook of Black Librarianship* (comp. and ed., with E. J. Josey) (1977)
* "The Black Lesbian in American Literature: An Overview", *Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology* (ed. by Barbara Smith)(1983)
* *Afro-American Women Writers, 1746–1933: An Anthology and Critical Guide* (1988)

### Fiction

* *Not to Be Alone* (unpublished novel) (1950b)
* *A World of Lonely Strangers* (unpublished novel) (1950b)
* *Loving Her* (1974)
* *The Black and White of It* (1980)
* *Say Jesus and Come to Me* (1982)
* *Celebrating Hotchclaw* (2005)

## Major themes in works

### Racism, homophobia, and sexism

Throughout most of her writings, Shockey explores contemporary racism and the everyday struggles of being African-American. She often writes about LGBT+ women who are in the African-American community and facing triple oppression. In writing on these topics, Shockley hoped to make people in the African-American community realize their similarities as well as differences.

Her first novel, *Loving Her*, was the first of its kind as it worked to validate interracial lesbian love. It was also the first novel to use a female, same-gender-loving/lesbian, African-American protagonist. Through her character Renay, who leaves her abusive husband for a white, rich woman, Shockley explores what being an African American, female and homosexual is like in America in the twentieth century, whom she tries to "normalize". In her collection of short stories, *The Black and White of It*, Shockley also stages an African-American lesbian as the main characters, using successful women who are professional and strong in nature face struggles with sexuality. In "Play It but Don't Say it", Shockley places a Congresswoman as her protagonist, and in "Holly Craft Isn't Gay", the character, a successful singer, goes as far as attempting to have a child in order to appear straight. *Say Jesus and Come to Me* works to also confront homophobia, however it is largely critiquing the church, a theme not yet explored in *Loving Her* or *The Black and White of It*. Shockley's nonfiction works such as her section in *Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology* edited by Barbara Smith also confront these same issues revolving around sexuality in the African-American community.

*Celebrating Hotchclaw* looks to Historically Black Colleges to explore power relationships and conflicts within Black communities, especially relating to financial hardship and corruption.

## Criticism

*The Black and White of It* (1980), although generally unknown, received better response from critics as well as her short story collection *Say Jesus and Come to Me* (1982). *Say Jesus and Come to Me* in particular was said to introduce and recognize a character that typically lacks representation and appeared on the *Christopher Street* best seller's list, however Shockley was still criticized for her writing style and lack of structure in the stories. The collection takes a focus on the character Reverend Black, a lesbian aged forty who tries to hide her sexuality. Shockley claimed to have written the piece in order to shed light on the black church's hypocrisy of shaming homosexuals yet partaking in all other acts deemed as sins.

Although recognized by authors such as Alice Walker, who gave *Loving Her* praise in her review of the novel in 1974 as well as Nellie McKay and Rita B. Dandridge who have acknowledged the writer, Shockley's fictional works has been often ignored by the masses if not criticized. Shockley herself attributes this lack of recognition due to the subject matter that she writes about. She claims that works addressing lesbian themes were rare at the time, as most publishers were not interested and writers were too fearful to admit to their own sexuality to push for publishing.

Journals have come out that go as far to say that Shockley complicates same-gender loving as well as problematizes it through her characterizations of African-American people who also happen to be homosexual. Along with this, some argue that Shockley uses too many generalizations in her texts, has a poor stylistic choice, and did not work to battle common stereotypes about black lesbianism. In her first novel, *Loving Her*, the main character, Renay, chooses to live her life as a lesbian but still performs stereotypically heteronormative notions on romance, which works against Shockley's supposed intentions of exposing what a lesbian relationship really is like in the late twentieth-century. However, as the first novel representing an interracial relationship between two women, *Loving Her* does not exist within a historical framework in which it could serve as a satirical response to, and so is sometimes have been interpreted as a naive reinforcement of heteronormative and racist ideas about queer relationships and black women, rather than a potentially self-aware piece. Nonetheless, the fictional novel is still admit-tingly one of the first of its kind.

## InfoBox

| Ann Allen Shockley | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1927-06-21) June 21, 1927
Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. |
| Occupation | Author, editor, librarian, critic |
| Alma mater | Fisk University (BA); Case Western Reserve University (MA) |
| Subject | African-American literature Lesbian literature |
| Notable works | *Loving Her* (1974) *The Black and White of It* (1980)
*Say Jesus and Come to Me* (1982)

*Celebrating Hotchclaw* (2005) |
| Partner | William Shockley (divorced) |
| Children | 2 |


title: Ann Bressington

abstract: Ann Marie Bressington is an Australian politician. She was elected to the South Australian Legislative Council at the 2006 South Australian election as Nick Xenophon's running mate on his Independent No Pokies ticket. Her election was a surprise as it was not expected that two people on the ticket would be elected.

text:
# Ann Bressington

**Ann Marie Bressington** (born 12 September 1955) is an Australian politician. She was elected to the South Australian Legislative Council at the 2006 South Australian election as Nick Xenophon's running mate on his Independent No Pokies ticket. Her election was a surprise as it was not expected that two people on the ticket would be elected.

## Political career

Bressington was the Founder and CEO of DrugBeat South Australia, a drug treatment and rehabilitation centre. DrugBeat was founded after the 1998 death of her 22-year-old daughter, Shay-Louise, from a heroin overdose two days before moving to Adelaide for treatment. Bressington resigned from DrugBeat following her election to the Legislative Council, in order to avoid any potential conflict of interest over DrugBeat funding.

After her election to the South Australian Legislative Council, in early 2006, Bressington introduced legislation to State Parliament that would make the sale of "drug taking equipment" illegal, Definitions of drug-using paraphernalia (pipes, bongs, waterpipes and cocaine kits) were prescribed in her bill. It was subsequently reintroduced in 2008 and, receiving majority support in both the Legislative Council and the House of Assembly, was enacted shortly after.

In August 2006, Bressington announced that she would introduce a bill into Parliament which, if passed, would enforce random twice-annual drug tests of every South Australian school student from Year 8 to Year 12. The draft was amended after a consultation process involving students, parents, teachers and other politicians. When introducing her bill, Bressington warned parents to "watch closely who opposes the measure ... it will be an indication of who is soft on drugs". Dr David Caldicott, a toxicologist and research fellow of the Royal Adelaide Hospital's Emergency and Trauma Department, slammed the proposed bill as "ludicrous" and the South Australian branch of the Australian Education Union stated its opposition to the bill. However, Bressington claimed the response from parents has been "overwhelmingly positive and supportive". The bill was not passed.

On 30 August 2006, Bressington discussed the possibility of introducing a bill to raise the legal drinking age in South Australia from 18 to 21. That bill has not been introduced.

After Xenophon resigned from state parliament to pursue election federal parliament, Bressington lashed out at him during the joint sitting to appoint his replacement, questioning his integrity and suitability for federal parliament. Bressington claimed Xenophon demanded she contribute $50,000 towards his campaign expenses (for which Bressington had to take out a loan) and had mismanaged campaign funds. She implied that he had made requests to State Treasury for illegal funding and said that he ignored her once she entered parliament. Xenophon denied the claims. Bressington also questioned why Xenophon had avoided the media scrutiny that other politicians are subjected to, alleging that many of his core 'anti-politician' promises warranted further investigation.

In October 2013, Bressington announced that she would be sponsoring the registration of Katter's Australian Party for the 2014 state election, at which it received a 0.1 percent upper house vote. Bressington did not re-contest her seat at the 2014 state election.

## InfoBox

| Ann Bressington | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the South Australian
Legislative Council | |
| **In office**
18 March 2006 (2006-03-18)  15 March 2014 (2014-03-15) | |
| Preceded by | Terry Cameron |
| Succeeded by | Andrew McLachlan |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Ann Marie Bressington
(1955-09-12) 12 September 1955
Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia |
| Political party | Independent |
| Children | 5 |
| Education | Mater Dei College, Toowoomba |
| Occupation | Chief executive officer
(Drug Beat South Australia) |
| Profession | Advocate
Politician |
|  | |


title: Animal Park (1991 TV series)

abstract: Animal Park is a 1991 children's television series on the Seven Network. The series follows the adventures of three children who rebuild a run-down animal park on the central Queensland coast.

text:
# Animal Park (1991 TV series)

***Animal Park*** is a 1991 children's television series on the Seven Network. The series follows the adventures of three children who rebuild a run-down animal park on the central Queensland coast.

## Cast

* Anthony Hayes as Damien Halliday
* Zoe Bertram as Sarah Halliday
* Mark Hembrow as Jim Pryor
* Alyce Platt as Christina Hoffman
* Erin Coombs as Becky Halliday
* Goran Ristovski as Tony Medotti
* Janelle Owen as Jenny Halliday
* Christopher Elliott as Dad

## InfoBox

| *Animal Park* | |
| --- | --- |
| Starring | Zoe Bertram
Mark Hembrow
Alyce Platt |
| Country of origin | Australia |
| Original language | English |
| No. of episodes | 16 |
| Production | |
| Producer | Ken Methold |
| Original release | |
| Release | 1 December 1991 (1991-12-01)
15 March 1992 (1992-03-15) |


title: 1971 Belgian Open Championships

abstract: The 1971 Belgian Open Championships was a men's tennis tournament staged at the Leopold Club in Brussels, Belgium that was part of the Grand Prix circuit and categorized as a Group B event. The tournament was played on outdoor clay courts and was held from 17 May until 23 May 1971. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and Cliff Drysdale won the singles title.

text:
# 1971 Belgian Open Championships

The **1971 Belgian Open Championships** was a men's tennis tournament staged at the Leopold Club in Brussels, Belgium that was part of the Grand Prix circuit and categorized as a Group B event. The tournament was played on outdoor clay courts and was held from 17 May until 23 May 1971. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and Cliff Drysdale won the singles title.

## Finals

### Singles

Cliff Drysdale defeated  Ilie Năstase 6–0, 6–1, 7–5

* It was Drysdale's 2nd singles title of the year and the 3rd of his career in the Open Era.

### Doubles

Marty Riessen /  Tom Okker and  Ilie Năstase /  Ion Țiriac divided

## InfoBox

| 1971 Belgian Open Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 17–23 May |
| Edition | 5th |
| Category | Grand Prix (Group B) |
| Draw | 32S / 16D |
| Prize money | $25,000 |
| Surface | Clay / outdoor |
| Location | Brussels, Belgium |
| Venue | Leopold Club |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Cliff Drysdale | |
| Doubles | |
| Tom Okker /  Marty Riessen <br>Ilie Năstase /  Ion Țiriac | |
|  | |


title: Ann Donnelly

abstract: Ann Marie Donnelly is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York.

text:
# Ann Donnelly

**Ann Marie Donnelly** (born 1959) is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York.

## Education

Donnelly received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1981 from the University of Michigan and a Juris Doctor in 1984 from the Ohio State University Moritz College of Law.

## Career

From 1984 to 2009, she was a prosecutor in the New York County District Attorney's office. From 1997 to 2005, she served as senior trial counsel and from 2005 to 2009, she served as chief of the Family Violence and Child Abuse Bureau.

As an assistant district attorney, Donnelly successfully prosecuted former Tyco International CEO L. Dennis Kozlowski for securities fraud and grand larceny, among other crimes. Kozlowski served 8 1/2 years for his crimes. Donnelly was also part of the prosecution team in the murder trial of Sante Kimes and her son, Kenneth Kimes.

### State judicial service

From 2009 to 2015, she served as a judge of the New York Court of Claims. Concurrently, she served at various points on the New York Supreme Court (the state trial court) in Bronx County, Kings County (Brooklyn), and New York County (Manhattan), as well as on a special term for election matters.

As a state court judge, Donnelly presided over the trial of Adam Tang, a day trader convicted of reckless endangerment and reckless driving for his illegal high-speed street racing around Manhattan (circling the island in 24 minutes) and posting videos of the stunt on YouTube. After Tang fled the country during his trial, Donnelly issued a warrant for his arrest and sentenced him *in absentia* to a year in jail.

### Federal judicial service

On November 20, 2014, President Barack Obama nominated Donnelly to serve as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, to the seat vacated by Judge Sandra L. Townes, who assumed senior status on May 1, 2015. Senator Charles Schumer recommended Donnelly for the position.

On December 16, 2014, her nomination was returned to the President due to the *sine die* adjournment of the 113th Congress. On January 7, 2015, President Obama renominated her to the same position. She received a hearing before the United States Senate Judiciary Committee on May 6, 2015. On June 4, 2015, her nomination was reported out of committee by a voice vote. On October 20, 2015, the Senate confirmed her nomination by a 95–2 vote. She received her judicial commission on October 21, 2015. An investiture ceremony was held on January 22, 2016.

#### Notable cases

On January 28, 2017, Donnelly issued an emergency stay blocking part of an executive order issued by President Donald Trump from going into effect. The ruling enjoined the federal government from deporting individuals who had arrived in the country with valid visas or refugee status. Several minutes after Donnelly entered her order, another judge, Leonie Brinkema of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, issued a temporary restraining order blocking the Trump administration from preventing the return of lawful permanent residents at Dulles International Airport.

She also tried the singer R. Kelly in his sex trafficking trial, where he was convicted of all charges. On June 29, 2022, Donnelly sentenced Kelly to 30 years in prison.

In June 2022, The United States Supreme Court unanimously vacated Judge Donnelly's decision that a minor child be compelled to return to Italy despite the child "facing a grave risk of harm" if returned. The Supreme Court returned the matter to Judge Donnelly, who again ordered the child returned to Italy, in August 2022. The child's mother, Narkis Aliza Golan, who had settled at a New York domestic violence shelter after fleeing Italy to protect the child, was found dead weeks after Judge Donnelly's August 2022 decision. At the time of her death, Golan was preparing to appeal Donnelly's August 2022 decision.

## InfoBox

| Ann Donnelly | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
October 21, 2015 | |
| Appointed by | Barack Obama |
| Preceded by | Sandra L. Townes |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1959 (age 6465)
Royal Oak, Michigan, U.S. |
| Education | University of Michigan (BA)
Ohio State University (JD) |
|  | |