title: Ashley Leitão

abstract: Ashley Leitão Is a Canadian recording artist. She was the ninth-place finisher on the third season of the reality show Canadian Idol in 2005. Her heritage is Portuguese. As of 2005, she resided in Burnaby, British Columbia. After Idol, she and two other contestants formed the group Braided, releasing an album in 2006, on which Leitão duetted with figure skating champion Elvis Stojko.

text:
# Ashley Leitão

**Ashley Leitão** (Portuguese pronunciation: \[ˈɛʃli lejˈtɐ̃w\], born December 6, 1986) Is a Canadian recording artist. She was the ninth-place finisher on the third season of the reality show *Canadian Idol* in 2005. Her heritage is Portuguese. As of 2005, she resided in Burnaby, British Columbia.

After *Idol*, she and two other contestants formed the group Braided, releasing an album in 2006, on which Leitão duetted with figure skating champion Elvis Stojko.

## Early life

Born in Winnipeg, Leitão is the daughter of a Portuguese baker. Her parents ran a bakery in Winnipeg. Leitão moved with her family to Portugal at age five, and her family ran a bakery there for ten months. They returned to Canada and lived in Burnaby, operating a bakery in North Vancouver. Leitão, musical from a young age, began formal singing lessons at age nine. She graduated from Burnaby's Alpha Secondary School in 2004.

## *Canadian Idol*

Performing on the third season of *Canadian Idol* in 2005, in the first group of the Top 32, Leitão performed the song "Colors of the Wind", which convinced viewers to vote her into the next stage of the competition. She got the second-highest number of votes that night, after Daryl Brunt.

Songs that Ashley performed during the season included:

On the July 27 episode, it was revealed that Leitão was a member of the "Bottom 3", along with Melissa O'Neil and Josh Palmer. Judge Jake Gold made the observation that all three of them were from Western Canada, and insinuated that regional voting might have been at play. Leitão had the lowest number of votes, and after giving a tearful goodbye to Canada, she performed a farewell rendition of "Sir Duke".

## Post-*Idol*

Leitão formed the group Braided with fellow former Season 3 contestants Casey LeBlanc and Amber Fleury. Their first single, entitled "A Little Bit Closer", was released to radio on June 15, 2006. She recorded a duet with Elvis Stojko, a former world champion Canadian figure skater. Braided released the album *Casey, Ashley and Amber* in August 2006.

## InfoBox

| Ashley Leitão | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1986-12-06) December 6, 1986<br>Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada |
| Origin | Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada |
| Genres | Pop |
| Occupation | Singer |
| Years active | 2005–present |


title: 1946 Belgian Grand Prix

abstract: The 1946 Belgian Grand Prix was a non-championship sportscar race held on 16 June 1946 in the public park of Bois de la Cambre in Brussels.

text:
# 1946 Belgian Grand Prix

The **1946 Belgian Grand Prix** was a non-championship sportscar race held on 16 June 1946 in the public park of Bois de la Cambre in Brussels.

## Report

There were two supporting races. The 2000 cc (1000 cc s/c) race, officially called the *Seaman Cup*, was won by St John Horsfall driving an Aston Martin, with Leslie Johnson coming second in a Frazer Nash and earning the *Winston Churchill Cup* for the fastest lap. The 1100 cc race was won by Franco Bertani in a Stanguellini, ahead of Simca-Gordini co-founder Amédée Gordini in a car of his own construction, the latter having turned around whilst leading.

## Entries

| No | Driver | Entrant | Constructor | Chassis |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 51 | T.A.S.O. Mathieson | T.A.S.O. Mathieson | Talbot-Lago |  |
| 52 | Louis Chiron | Lord Selsdon | Talbot-Lago | Talbot-Lago T26C |
| 53 | Harry Herkuleyns | Harry Herkuleyns | MG | MG Magnette K3 |
| 54 | Jacques Seylair |  | Delage |  |
| 55 | Pierre Levegh | Pierre Levegh | Talbot-Lago | Talbot-Lago T150C |
| 56 | Raymond Sommer | Raymond Sommer | Talbot-Lago | Talbot-Lago T26C |
| 58 | Henri Trillaud | Ecurie Henri Trillaud | Delahaye | Delahaye 135CS |
| 59 | Leslie Johnson | Leslie Johnson | Talbot-Lago | Talbot-Lago T150C |
| 60 | Pat Garland | Pat Garland | Delage | Delage D6-70 |
| 62 | "Borelli" |  | Alfa Romeo |  |
| 64 | Pierre Flahaut |  | Amilcar |  |
| 65 | Louis Villeneuve |  | Delahaye |  |
| 66 | Georges Grignard | Georges Grignard | Delahaye | Delahaye 135CS |
| 67 | Charles Pozzi |  | Delahaye |  |
| 68 | Eugène Chaboud | Eugène Chaboud | Delahaye | Delahaye 135CS |
| 69 | "Lascaud" |  | Amilcar |  |
| 70 | Joseph Chotard |  | Delahaye |  |
| Sources: | | | | |
|

## Classification

| Pos | No | Driver | Constructor | Laps | Time/retired |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 68 | Eugène Chaboud | Delahaye | 33 | 1:07.45.2 |
| 2 | 55 | Pierre Levegh | Talbot-Lago | 33 | +4.0 sec |
| 3 | 56 | Raymond Sommer | Talbot-Lago | 33 |  |
| 4 | 66 | Georges Grignard | Delahaye | 32 | +1 lap |
| 5 | 58 | Henri Trillaud | Delahaye | 31 | +2 laps |
| 6 | 60 | Pat Garland | Delage |  |  |
| 7 | 53 | Harry Herkuleyns | MG |  |  |
| Ret | 52 | Louis Chiron | Talbot-Lago |  | Fuel pump |
| Ret | 59 | Leslie Johnson | Talbot-Lago |  | Gearbox |
| DNS | 51 | T.A.S.O. Mathieson | Talbot-Lago |  |  |
| Sources: | | | | | |
|

## Footnotes

1. "1946 Belgian Grand Prix | Motorsport Database".
2. "1946 Belgian Grand Prix | Motorsport Database". *motorsportmagazine.com*. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
3. "GP Belgium - Sports 2000 cc or 1000 cc s/c 1946 - Racing Sports Cars". *racingsportscars.com*. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
4. "Reports of Recent Events". *Motor Sport*. August 1946. p. 171. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
5. "GP Belgium - Sports 1100 cc 1946 - Racing Sports Cars". *racingsportscars.com*. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
6. "Form on the Continent". *Motor Sport*. September 1946. pp. 200, 199. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
7. "GP Belgium - Sports 4500 cc or 2250 cc s/c 1946 - Racing Sports Cars". *racingsportscars.com*. Retrieved 24 August 2021.

## InfoBox

| 1946 Belgian Grand Prix | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Race details | | | |
| Date | 16 June 1946 | | |
| Official name | IX Grand Prix Automobile de Belgique | | |
| Location | Bois de la Cambre<br>Brussels, Belgium | | |
| Course | Street circuit | | |
| Course length | 3.7 km (2.3 miles) | | |
| Distance | 33 laps, 122.1 km (75.9 miles) | | |
| Fastest lap | | | |
| Driver | Leslie Johnson |
| Time | 1:58.6 | | |
| Podium | | | |
| First |  |
| Second |  |
| Third |  |


title: Ediacaria

abstract: Ediacaria is a fossil genus dating to the Ediacaran Period of the Neoproterozoic Era. Unlike most Ediacaran biota, which disappeared almost entirely from the fossil record at the end of the Period, Ediacaria fossils have been found dating from the Baikalian age of the Upper Riphean to 501 million years ago, well into the Cambrian Period. Ediacaria consists of concentric rough circles, radial lines between the circles and a central dome, with a diameter from 1 to 70 cm.

text:
# Ediacaria

***Ediacaria*** is a fossil genus dating to the Ediacaran Period of the Neoproterozoic Era. Unlike most Ediacaran biota, which disappeared almost entirely from the fossil record at the end of the Period, *Ediacaria* fossils have been found dating from the Baikalian age (850–650 Ma) of the Upper Riphean to 501 million years ago, well into the Cambrian Period. *Ediacaria* consists of concentric rough circles, radial lines between the circles and a central dome, with a diameter from 1 to 70 cm.

## Systematics and taxonomy

*Ediacaria* was named by Reg Sprigg in 1947, after the Ediacara Hills in South Australia. Two species are recognised: *E. flindersi*, described by Sprigg from the Pound Quartzite in the Ediacara Hills, and *E. booleyi*, described in 1995 from a Late Cambrian deposit at Booley Bay (County Wexford), Ireland. The species were named after the Flinders Ranges and Booley Bay, respectively.

*Ediacaria* is possibly a synonym for *Aspidella terranovica* described in 1872. Although *Ediacaria* is one of the first described organisms from the Precambrian, *Aspidella* was described earlier, although its age was not understood to be Precambrian. As *Aspidella* is apparently a form taxon, *Ediacaria* may yet be valid and denote one specific genus among several that seem to make up *Aspidella*. *Spriggia wadea* is quite likely a synonym of *Ediacaria* (and consequently, possibly *Aspidella*); the differences seem to be merely due to different substrate in which the animals were embedded. (Gehling *et al.* 2000)

*Ediacaria* was often classified as a jellyfish (a Scyphozoan Cnidarian), and has also been interpreted in many of the categories postulated to house the Ediacaran biota. A conspicuous filamentous microstructure preserved in some pyritised specimens suggests that it may have been a microbial colony, which disrupted the surrounding microbial mat to create the distinctive pattern (Grazhdankin, in press).

* Crimes, T.P.; Insole, A. & Williams, B.P.J. (1995): A rigid-bodied Ediacaran biota from Upper Cambrian strata in Co. Wexford, Éire. *Geological Journal* **30**(2): 89-109. doi:10.1002/gj.3350300202 (HTML abstract)
* Gehling, James G.; Narbonne, Guy M. & Anderson, Michael M. (2000): The first named Ediacaran body fossil, *Aspidella terranovica*. *Palaeontology* **43**(3): 427-456. doi:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2000.00134.x PDF fulltext
* Grazhdankin, D. (2001): Microbial origin of some of the Ediacaran fossils. GSA Annual Meeting 2001: Paper 177-0. HTML abstract
* Grazhdankin, D. (in press): Lethaia. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2007.00025.x
* Lindsley-Griffin, Nancy; Griffin, John R. & Farmer, Jack D. (2001): Paleogeographic links between Yreka Terrane (Klamath Mountains, Northern California) and Alaska's Nixon Fork and Alexander Terranes. GSA-AAPG-SPE Meeting 2006: Paper 24-6. HTML abstract Archived 2012-02-04 at the Wayback Machine
* Pickerill, R.K. (1982): Cambrian Medusoids from the St. John Group, southwestern New Brunswick. *Geological Survey of Canada Current Research Part B.* **82**(1): 71-76.
* Sprigg, R.C. (1947): Early Cambrian(?) Jellyfishes from the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. *Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia* **71**: 212-224. PDF fulltext
* Stasinska, A. (1960): *Velumbrella czarnockii* n. gen., n. sp. - Meduse du Cambrien Inferieur des Monts de Sainte-Croix. *Acta Palaeontologica Polonica* **5**: 337-346.
* Vanguestaine, Michel & Brück, Peter (2005): A Middle Cambrian age for the Ediacara-type fauna from the Booley Bay Formation, County Wexford, Ireland: new acritarch data and their implications. *In:* Steemans, P. & Javaux, E. (eds.): Pre-Cambrian to Palaeozoic Palaeopalynology and Palaeobotany. *Carnets de Géologie / Notebooks on Geology*, Memoir 2005/02, Abstract 11 PDF fulltext Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine

## InfoBox

| *Ediacaria*
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Genus: | *Ediacaria*
Sprigg, 1947 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Ediacaria flindersi*
 | |
| Species | |
| * *Ediacaria booleyi* MacGabhann 2007 * *Ediacaria flindersi* | |
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Aerosmith/ZZ Top Tour

abstract: The Aerosmith/ZZ Top Tour, sometimes referred to as the A to Z Tour or Guitar Hero: Aerosmith Tour, was a concert tour headlined by American hard rock bands Aerosmith and ZZ Top. The tour, presented by Guitar Hero: Aerosmith, took place in the summer of 2009 until it had to be cancelled unexpectedly due to shoulder injuries sustained by Aerosmith frontman Steven Tyler. For the first seven dates of the tour, Aerosmith played the entire Toys in the Attic album at every show, with the exception of the last track, "You See Me Crying". On June 26, 2009, while in Wantagh, New York's Jones Beach Theater, Aerosmith played "You See Me Crying", for the first time in the band's history; it was also the first time on the tour that every song on Toys in the Attic was played. Additionally, this tour marked the first time that the band performed "Round and Round" live. Other notable highlights of the show included guitarist Joe Perry singing lead vocals on "Combination", a deep-cut from the Rocks album, and playing against the animated version of himself in the Guitar Hero: Aerosmith video game. The tour also featured a select one or two fans at each show playing a song from Guitar Hero: Aerosmith live on-stage before the concert. ZZ Top was the co-headlining act for the tour, with 3 Doors Down opening the first two shows in Maryland Heights, Missouri and East Troy, Wisconsin, and Dropkick Murphys opening the Mansfield, Massachusetts show, as ZZ Top could not perform for the first three shows due to prior commitments. Several dates were canceled mid-tour after Steven Tyler injured his leg in Uncasville, Connecticut. Additionally, guitarist Brad Whitford and bassist Tom Hamilton had to sit out several of the dates due to injuries or surgeries; Whitford and Hamilton had substitutes perform in their places. Saving Abel opened for Aerosmith at their August 5 show in Sturgis, South Dakota, but Aerosmith cancelled the rest of the tour after Tyler fell off the stage in Sturgis. The band played three more shows in October and November after Tyler recovered, while ZZ Top booked alternate tour dates and venues and remained on tour alone for much of the rest of the year.

text:
# Aerosmith/ZZ Top Tour

The **Aerosmith/ZZ Top Tour**, sometimes referred to as the **A to Z Tour** or **Guitar Hero: Aerosmith Tour**, was a concert tour headlined by American hard rock bands Aerosmith and ZZ Top. The tour, presented by *Guitar Hero: Aerosmith*, took place in the summer of 2009 until it had to be cancelled unexpectedly due to shoulder injuries sustained by Aerosmith frontman Steven Tyler.

For the first seven dates of the tour, Aerosmith played the entire *Toys in the Attic* album at every show, with the exception of the last track, "You See Me Crying". On June 26, 2009, while in Wantagh, New York's Jones Beach Theater, Aerosmith played "You See Me Crying", for the first time in the band's history; it was also the first time on the tour that every song on *Toys in the Attic* was played. Additionally, this tour marked the first time that the band performed "Round and Round" live.

Other notable highlights of the show included guitarist Joe Perry singing lead vocals on "Combination", a deep-cut from the *Rocks* album, and playing against the animated version of himself in the *Guitar Hero: Aerosmith* video game. The tour also featured a select one or two fans at each show playing a song from *Guitar Hero: Aerosmith* live on-stage before the concert.

ZZ Top was the co-headlining act for the tour, with 3 Doors Down opening the first two shows in Maryland Heights, Missouri and East Troy, Wisconsin, and Dropkick Murphys opening the Mansfield, Massachusetts show, as ZZ Top could not perform for the first three shows due to prior commitments. Several dates were canceled mid-tour after Steven Tyler injured his leg in Uncasville, Connecticut. Additionally, guitarist Brad Whitford and bassist Tom Hamilton had to sit out several of the dates due to injuries or surgeries; Whitford and Hamilton had substitutes perform in their places. Saving Abel opened for Aerosmith at their August 5 show in Sturgis, South Dakota, but Aerosmith cancelled the rest of the tour after Tyler fell off the stage in Sturgis. The band played three more shows in October and November after Tyler recovered, while ZZ Top booked alternate tour dates and venues and remained on tour alone for much of the rest of the year.

## History

### Background

Steven Tyler announced on VH1 Classic Radio on September 4, 2008, that Aerosmith intended to enter the studio at the end of September 2008 to complete the band's 15th studio album. Tyler also confirmed that the band planned to begin a new US tour in June 2009, in support of the as-yet-untitled album. This tour was supposed to be preceded by a concert in Venezuela on February 1, 2009. However, on January 15, 2009, Tyler said the band would be unable to play the gig because of a second knee injury of guitarist Joe Perry. In mid-February 2009, it was announced that the album would be produced by the famed Brendan O'Brien and that the album would likely be recorded live, like their earlier records. Although the band had hoped to finish the album before the tour started in June 2009, Perry said that the group "realized there wasn't any chance of getting \[the album\] finished before we hit the road for the summer". The tour featured ZZ Top as the opening act for most of its performances. The Aerosmith/ZZ Top Tour, presented by *Guitar Hero: Aerosmith*, was officially announced and the first dates released on April 8, 2009.

The tour was slated to take the band across North America from June to September 2009. The Aerosmith/ZZ Top Tour represented the first time that Aerosmith and ZZ Top had performed on the same stage in 33 years.

### Tour and incidents

The tour featured the band performing nearly all of the songs on their 1975 album *Toys in the Attic* during the first seven dates, and also featured Joe Perry sing lead vocals on the 1976 "Combination". The band was plagued with several health problems, over the course of the summer, however. Guitarist Brad Whitford had to sit out the first seven dates of the tour in order to recover from head surgery, after injuring his head getting out of his car. On June 28, 2009, at the band's seventh show of the tour at the Mohegan Sun Arena in Uncasville, Connecticut, lead singer Steven Tyler injured his leg, which required seven shows to be postponed. A review of the Mohegan Sun show noted that Tyler "seemed frustrated by the sound and plagued by mic troubles, which caused him to disappear under the stage and miss his cues".

As soon as the band resumed the tour on July 15, Whitford returned to the fold. However, Tom Hamilton had to depart in order to recover from non-invasive surgery. David Hull filled in for Hamilton until he recovered. On August 5, 2009, at a concert in Sturgis, South Dakota, Tyler fell off the catwalk midway through the concert while dancing to entertain fans during a break in the show due to sound system failure. He was helped up by security staff and taken backstage, before guitarist Joe Perry told the audience the show was over. Tyler was airlifted to Rapid City Regional Hospital, where he received treatment for head and neck injuries and a broken shoulder. In the wake of Tyler's injuries, the band was forced to postpone five shows in Western Canada. On August 14, 2009, Aerosmith announced that they had decided to cancel the rest of their US tour dates with ZZ Top, due to Tyler's injuries. One of the cancelled dates was for 107.7 (KSAN) FM's tenth annual "Bone Bash" concert event, which was cancelled in its entirety.

### Post-cancellation developments

Within days after Aerosmith's withdrawal, ZZ Top issued a press release stating in part that it would immediately begin setting new tour dates, for which "routing will take ZZ Top to many of the markets that had been on that cancelled tour's itinerary, giving fans a second chance, in a manner of speaking, to see the band after all". ZZ Top "almost immediately began booking new gigs" entering into a "continuation tour" for the following several months. ZZ Top also made up for the missed Bone Bash concert in 2010, playing the date as the headliner with .38 Special opening.

In the midst of the tour, Perry completed work on his fifth solo album, *Have Guitar, Will Travel* and drummer Joey Kramer released his autobiography, *Hit Hard*. Perry's solo album was released on October 6, 2009. with one source noting that "it was the cancellation of the Aerosmith's tour because of lead singer Steven Tyler's stage accident that propelled Perry to finish his fifth solo effort".

In October, with Tyler having recovered from his injuries, Aeorsmith returned to performing with a previously-schedule private appearance for Oracle in San Francisco. Two shows were then played in Hawaii, one in Maui and one in Honolulu, with the show in Maui being played as part of a legal settlement after the band was sued for cancelling a performance there in 2007. In early November, the band played a concert in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, at the Grand Prix.

Relations between Tyler and Perry soured in wake of Tyler falling off the stage in Sturgis and reached a fever pitch in November when a heavily publicized feud erupted in which Tyler was supposedly going to leave the band and be replaced by another singer. On November 9, 2009, the media reported that Tyler had no contact with the other members of Aerosmith and that they were unsure if he was still in the band. On November 10, 2009, Joe Perry confirmed Tyler had quit Aerosmith to pursue a solo career and was unsure whether the move was indefinite. No replacement was announced. Despite rumors of leaving the band, and notwithstanding Perry's comment as reported earlier the same day, Tyler joined the Joe Perry Project onstage November 10, 2009, at the Fillmore New York at Irving Plaza and performed "Walk This Way". According to sources at the event, Tyler assured the crowd that despite rumors to the contrary, he is "not quitting Aerosmith". Tensions cooled after Tyler returned from rehab, where he was seeking treatment for an addiction to painkillers, and the band announced a world tour to take place in 2010, entitled the Cocked, Locked, Ready to Rock Tour. That tour would ultimately play in many locations that the band missed due to the cancellation of dates on 2009 tour.

## Personnel

### Aerosmith

**Additional personnel:**

* Russ Irwinkeyboards, backing vocals
* Bobby Schneck – guitar (substituted for Brad Whitford, June 10 – June 28)
* David Hull – bass (substituted for Tom Hamilton, July 15 – August 5)

### ZZ Top

## Tour dates

Tour dates announced as of April 2009 included:

| Date | City | Country | Venue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| June 10, 2009 | Maryland Heights | United States | Verizon Wireless Amphitheater (ZZ Top did not appear; 3 Doors Down was the opening act) |
| June 13, 2009 | East Troy | | Alpine Valley Music Theatre (ZZ Top did not appear; 3 Doors Down was the opening act) |
| June 16, 2009 | Mansfield | | Comcast Center (ZZ Top did not appear; Dropkick Murphys was the opening act) |
| June 21, 2009 | Bristow | | Nissan Pavilion |
| June 24, 2009 | Burgettstown | | Post-Gazette Pavilion |
| June 26, 2009 | Wantagh | | Nikon at Jones Beach Theater |
| June 28, 2009 | Uncasville | | Mohegan Sun Arena |
| July 1, 2009 | Cincinnati | | ~~Riverbend Music Center~~ CANCELED |
| July 3, 2009 | Hershey | | ~~Hersheypark Stadium~~ CANCELED |
| July 5, 2009 | Virginia Beach | | ~~Verizon Wireless Amphitheater~~ CANCELED |
| July 7, 2009 | Raleigh | | ~~The Time Warner Cable Music Pavilion at Walnut Creek~~ CANCELED |
| July 9, 2009 | Charlotte | | ~~Verizon Wireless Amphitheatre~~ CANCELED |
| July 11, 2009 | Tampa | | ~~Ford Amphitheatre~~ CANCELED |
| July 13, 2009 | Sunrise | | ~~BankAtlantic Center~~ CANCELED |
| July 15, 2009 | Atlanta | | Lakewood Amphitheatre |
| July 17, 2009 | The Woodlands | | Cynthia Woods Mitchell Pavilion |
| July 19, 2009 | Dallas | | SuperPages.com Center |
| July 25, 2009 | Paradise | | MGM Grand Garden Arena |
| July 27, 2009 | Phoenix | | Cricket Wireless Pavilion |
| July 30, 2009 | Tulsa | | BOK Center |
| August 1, 2009 | Greenwood Village | | Fiddler's Green Amphitheatre |
| August 5, 2009 | Sturgis | | Buffalo Chip at Sturgis Bike Rally (ZZ Top did not appear; Saving Abel was the opening act; show CANCELED mid-way when Tyler falls off stage) |
| August 7, 2009 | Winnipeg | Canada | ~~Canad Inns Stadium~~ CANCELED |
| August 9, 2009 | Regina | | ~~Mosaic Stadium at Taylor Field~~ CANCELED |
| August 11, 2009 | Edmonton | | ~~Commonwealth Stadium~~ CANCELED |
| August 13, 2009 | Calgary | | ~~McMahon Stadium~~ CANCELED |
| August 15, 2009 | Vancouver | | ~~BC Place Stadium~~ CANCELED |
| August 17, 2009 | Auburn | United States | ~~White River Amphitheatre~~ CANCELED |
| August 19, 2009 | Concord | | ~~Sleep Train Pavilion (Bone Bash 10)~~ CANCELED |
| August 21, 2009 | Los Angeles | | ~~Staples Center~~ CANCELED |
| August 23, 2009 | Irvine | | ~~Verizon Wireless Amphitheatre~~ CANCELED |
| August 28, 2009 | Tinley Park | | ~~First Midwest Bank Amphitheatre~~ CANCELED |
| August 30, 2009 | Noblesville | | ~~Verizon Wireless Music Center~~ CANCELED |
| September 1, 2009 | Kansas City | | ~~Sprint Center~~ CANCELED |
| September 3, 2009 | Toronto | Canada | ~~Air Canada Centre~~ CANCELED |
| September 5, 2009 | Ottawa | | ~~Scotiabank Place~~ CANCELED |
| September 8, 2009 | Saint Paul | United States | ~~Xcel Energy Center~~ CANCELED |
| September 10, 2009 | Cuyahoga Falls | | ~~Blossom Music Center~~ CANCELED |
| September 12, 2009 | Holmdel | | ~~PNC Bank Arts Center~~ CANCELED |
| September 14, 2009 | New York City | | ~~Madison Square Garden~~ CANCELED |
| September 16, 2009 | Auburn Hills | | ~~The Palace of Auburn Hills~~ CANCELED |
| September 18, 2009 | Camden | | ~~Susquehanna Bank Center~~ CANCELED |
| Post-tour shows | | | |
| October 14, 2009 | San Francisco | United States | Treasure Island (private show for Oracle) |
| October 18, 2009 | Honolulu | | Blaisdell Center |
| October 20, 2009 | Wailuku | | War Memorial Stadium (rescheduled from 2007 as part of a legal settlement) |
| November 1, 2009 | Abu Dhabi | United Arab Emirates | Yas Marina Circuit (2009 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix) |

ZZ Top continuation tour dates picked up after Aerosmith's departure included September 9 at South Bend, Indiana, Roanoke, Virginia on September 11, and nine shows in Canadian cities between November 17 and December 1.

## Set

### ZZ Top Set list

### Aerosmith performed songs

Below is a list of songs played on the tour:

| Album | Song | Times |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Aerosmith* (1973) | "Dream On" | 11 |
| | "Mama Kin" | 2 |
| | "Walkin' the Dog" | 7 |
| *Get Your Wings* (1974) | "Train Kept A-Rollin'" | 13 |
| | "Lord of the Thighs" | 1 |
| | "Same Old Song and Dance" | 4 |
| *Toys in the Attic* (1975) | "Toys in the Attic" | 7 |
| | "Uncle Salty" | 7 |
| | "Adam's Apple" | 7 |
| | "Walk This Way" | 13 |
| | "Big Ten Inch Record" | 7 |
| | "Sweet Emotion" | 11 |
| | "No More No More" | 7 |
| | "Round and Round" | 7 |
| | "You See Me Crying" | 1 |
| *Rocks* (1976) | "Combination" | 13 |
| | "Last Child" | 6 |
| | "Back in the Saddle" | 2 |
| *Draw the Line* (1977) | "Draw the Line" | 8 |
| *Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band soundtrack* (1978) | "Come Together" | 6 |
| *Permanent Vacation* (1987) | "Rag Doll" | 7 |
| *Pump* (1989) | "Love in an Elevator" | 13 |
| | "Monkey on My Back" | 1 |
| | "Janie's Got a Gun" | 4 |
| *Get a Grip* (1993) | "Eat the Rich" | 6 |
| | "Livin' on the Edge" | 11 |
| | "Cryin'" | 12 |
| *Nine Lives* (1997) | "Falling in Love (Is Hard on the Knees)" | 6 |
| | "Pink" | 8 |
| *Armageddon: The Album* (1998) | "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" | 2 |
| *Just Push Play* (2001) | "Jaded" | 4 |
| *Honkin' on Bobo* (2004) | "Stop Messin' Around" | 4 |
| Non-Album Song/Cover | "Dirty Water" | 1 |
| *Pandora's Box* (1994) | "Rattlesnake Shake" | 2 |

A typical setlist would look like this.

* 1. "Train Kept A Rollin'"
* 2. "Cryin'"
* 3. "Love In An Elevator"
* 4. "Jaded"
* 5. "Dream On"
* 6. "Combination"
* 7. "Toys In The Attic"
* 8. "Uncle Salty"
* 9. "Adam's Apple"
* 10. "Walk This Way"
* 11. "Big Ten Inch Record"
* 12. "Sweet Emotion"
* 13. "No More No More"
* 14. "Round And Round"
* 15. "Livin' On The Edge"

Encore:

* 1. "Dirty Water"
* 2. "Come Together"

## InfoBox

Aerosmith/ZZ Top Tour
| Tour by Aerosmith and ZZ Top | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | North America |
| Start date | June 10, 2009 |
| End date | August 5, 2009 |
| Legs | 1 |
| No. of shows | * *Scheduled:* * 42 + 3 (post-tour) * *Played:* * 15 + 4 (post-tour) |
| Aerosmith tour chronology  Aerosmith World Tour 2007
(2007) **Aerosmith/ZZ Top Tour**
(2009) Cocked, Locked, Ready to Rock Tour
(2010)   ZZ Top tour chronology  European Tour 2009
(2009) **Aerosmith/ZZ Top Tour**
(2009) Necessity Is a Mother Tour
(2009) | |


# Effect of low-cost airlines on communities

The effect, often referred to as "the Southwest effect", is the increase in airline travel originating from a community after service to and from that community is inaugurated by Southwest Airlines, or any similar airline that improves service or lowers cost.

## Original description

The U.S. Department of Transportation coined the term in 1993, to describe the considerable boost in air travel that invariably resulted from Southwest's entry into new markets, or by another airline's similar activity.

The Southwest Effect was said to have three elements:

* The new-entrant airline *increased supply* and *offered lower prices*. Southwest offered dramatically lower air fares than established airlines that usually enjoyed a near-monopoly in the communities.
* Incumbent *airlines lowered their own fares*. Established airlines competing with Southwest Airlines sought to avoid Southwest's entering their markets, and feared losing passengers and having to offer lower prices. Upon Southwest's entry, incumbent carriers lowered their own fares in that market (and thereby reduced their profitability), to remain competitive.
* *Sales rise for all airlines* in the market. For the communities affected, Southwest's entry and the corresponding drop in air fares stimulated business and increased demand for air transportation. This, in turn, increased the revenues of all airlines offering transportation to the community, and sometimes resulted in a net profit increase.

## Other carriers with similar effects

In recent years, some new airlines have had a greater "Southwest Effect" than Southwest itself. An MIT study released in August 2013 found newer, smaller airlines were having a greater impact on lowering the average price of a ticket where they fly. According to an MIT International Center for Air Transportation analysis of ticket statistics, between 2007 and 2012, Southwest's ability to lower fares had weakened from $36 per one-way fare to only $17 per one-way fare. At the same time, JetBlue, Allegiant, and Spirit Airlines were associated with dips of $32, $29, and $22, respectively, in markets that they entered. However, other airlines' lower fares don't account for the ancillary products that are a significant component of their business.

In August 2013, *USA Today*, in noting the competitive effect on prices continued to be seen, but JetBlue's impact on prices was now largest, suggested, "You might want to start calling it the *JetBlue effect.*" The article also draws attention to JetBlue's much smaller footprint in overall domestic passenger traffic, making any claims about a widespread effect much more tenuous.

## Further reading


title: (Im)Patient

abstract: (Im)Patient is a 2021 Chilean drama film written and directed by Constanza Fernández Bertrand. It is based on the book El pa(de)ciente: La medicina cuestionada by Miguel Kottow. Starring Héctor Noguera accompanied by Amparo Noguera, Naldy Hernández, Emilia Noguera, Diego Casanueva, Daniel Muñoz, Paola Giannini and Gabriela Aguilera.

text:
# (Im)Patient

***(Im)Patient*** (Spanish: ***El pa(de)ciente***) is a 2021 Chilean drama film written and directed by Constanza Fernández Bertrand. It is based on the book *El pa(de)ciente: La medicina cuestionada* by Miguel Kottow. Starring Héctor Noguera accompanied by Amparo Noguera, Naldy Hernández, Emilia Noguera, Diego Casanueva, Daniel Muñoz, Paola Giannini and Gabriela Aguilera.

## Synopsis

After being diagnosed with a syndrome that progressively paralyzes his entire body, Sergio Graf will fight to play an active role in his healing, this time as a patient and not as a doctor. This is the journey of his bodily deterioration, the loss of his security and the opportunity to reconcile with his closest environment: the family.

## Cast

The actors participating in this film are:

* Héctor Noguera as Sergio Graf
* Amparo Noguera as Milena Fariña
* Naldy Hernández as Nora
* Emilia Noguera as Tisca Graf
* Diego Casanueva as Javier Graf
* Daniel Muñoz as Boris
* Paola Giannini as Fisiatra
* Gabriela Aguilera as Dr. Vasquez

## Production

Principal photography took place in 3 Chilean hospitals between October and December 2019.

## Release

*(Im)Patient* had its world premiere on October 9, 2021, at the Busan International Film Festival. It was commercially released on May 12, 2022, in Chilean theaters.

## Reception

### Critical reception

Paula Bustamante from *Bitácora de Cine* favorably criticizes the film's story, which becomes very crude, but there are moments very well achieved for acid humor, managing to move the viewer. Ana Catalina Castillo from *Culturizarte* highlights the film's ability to make the viewer identify with the main character, although it can become overexplanatory at times. Carolina Benavente from *El Agente Cine* wrote: "*(Im)patient* is suggestive and accomplished, serious and playful at the same time, with few potholes that betray a kind of craftsmanship linked to what has already been described."

### Accolades

| Year | Award / Festival | Category | Recipient | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2021 | Huelva Ibero-American Film Festival | Silver Colon - Audience Award | Constanza Fernández & Roberto Doveris | Won |  |
| 2022 | Buenos Aires International Festival of Independent Cinema | International Competition - Best Film | | Nominated |  |
| 2023 | Caleuche Awards | Best Leading Actor | Héctor Noguera | Won |  |
| | | Best Supporting Actress | Paola Giannini | Won | |
| | | Amparo Noguera | Nominated ||
| | | Naldy Hernández | Nominated ||

## InfoBox

| (Im)Patient | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Constanza Fernández Bertrand |
| Screenplay by | Constanza Fernández Bertrand |
| Based on | *El pa(de)ciente: La medicina cuestionada* by Miguel Kottow |
| Produced by | Constanza Fernández Bertrand
Roberto Doveris |
| Starring | Héctor Noguera |
| Cinematography | Cristián Petit-Laurent |
| Edited by | Soledad Salfate
Sylvana Squiciarini |
| Music by | Ángela Acuña |
| Production
companies | Celosa Productions
Niña Niño Films
Fundación PACUAR |
| Release dates | * October 9, 2021 (2021-10-09) (BIFF) * May 12, 2022 (2022-05-12) (Chile) |
| Running time | 108 minutes |
| Country | Chile |
| Language | Spanish |


title: Ancylosis citrinella

abstract: Ancylosis citrinella is a species of snout moth in the genus Ancylosis. It was described by Émile Louis Ragonot, in 1887. It is found in Algeria. The wingspan is 8 mm.

text:
# Ancylosis citrinella

***Ancylosis citrinella*** is a species of snout moth in the genus *Ancylosis*. It was described by Émile Louis Ragonot, in 1887. It is found in Algeria.

The wingspan is 8 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Ancylosis citrinella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Ancylosis* |
| Species: | ***A. citrinella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ancylosis citrinella***<br>(Ragonot, 1887) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Syria citrinella* Ragonot, 1887 | |


title: Desmidiaceae

abstract: The Desmidiaceae are one of four families of charophyte green algae in the order Desmidiales (desmids).

text:
# Desmidiaceae

The **Desmidiaceae** are one of four families of charophyte green algae in the order Desmidiales (desmids).

## Genera

Genera accepted by AlgaeBase as of February 2022 were:

## InfoBox

| Desmidiaceae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Micrasterias sp.* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| *Clade*: | Viridiplantae |
| (unranked): | Charophyta |
| Class: | Zygnematophyceae |
| Order: | Desmidiales |
| Family: | Desmidiaceae<br>Ralfs |
|
| Genera | |
| See text. | |


title: Angepena

abstract: Angepena Station is a pastoral lease operating as a sheep station in South Australia. The property is situated approximately 42 kilometres (26 mi) south east of Leigh Creek and 480 kilometres (298 mi) north of Adelaide. The property was established in 1855 by John Baker, who had applied for the Angepena and Pernunna leases the previous year. Baker appointed John Stewart to manage the property. The following year a hut-keeper employed at the property was murdered by Aboriginal people. After the attack Baker asked for police protection and a police station was built later the same year, staffed by four troopers. In 1888 Angepena occupied an area of 196 square miles (508 km⁲). It 1904 the owner was J. Snell. The Snell family still owned and resided at the property in 1966. In 1966 the property was bought by Waraweena proprietors and was run by Mr and Mrs SW Nicholls. In 2007 the station was placed on the market and was going to be sold to a youth support organization, Operation Flinders. The traditional owners of the area, the Adnyamathanha people, who had been trying to buy a property in the region for the previous eight years, were devastated and asked the government to halt the sale. The sale was called off by Mr SW Nicholls, who then sold it to his son Mr & Mrs AS Nicholls. The land occupying the extent of the Angepena pastoral lease was gazetted by the Government of South Australia as a locality in April 2013 under the name "Angepena". Currently Angepena is run as a sheep and cattle station and has been owned and run continuously for the last 50 years by the Nicholls family.

text:
# Angepena

Angepena Stationclass=notpageimage|Location in South Australia

30°34′05″S 138°50′45″E / 30.56817°S 138.84586°E / -30.56817; 138.84586 (Angepena)

**Angepena Station** is a pastoral lease operating as a sheep station in South Australia.

The property is situated approximately 42 kilometres (26 mi) south east of Leigh Creek and 480 kilometres (298 mi) north of Adelaide.

The property was established in 1855 by John Baker, who had applied for the Angepena and Pernunna leases the previous year. Baker appointed John Stewart to manage the property. The following year a hut-keeper employed at the property was murdered by Aboriginal people. After the attack Baker asked for police protection and a police station was built later the same year, staffed by four troopers.

In 1888 Angepena occupied an area of 196 square miles (508 km2). It 1904 the owner was J. Snell. The Snell family still owned and resided at the property in 1966.

In 1966 the property was bought by Waraweena proprietors and was run by Mr and Mrs SW Nicholls.

In 2007 the station was placed on the market and was going to be sold to a youth support organization, Operation Flinders. The traditional owners of the area, the Adnyamathanha people, who had been trying to buy a property in the region for the previous eight years, were devastated and asked the government to halt the sale. The sale was called off by Mr SW Nicholls, who then sold it to his son Mr & Mrs AS Nicholls.

The land occupying the extent of the Angepena pastoral lease was gazetted by the Government of South Australia as a locality in April 2013 under the name "Angepena".

Currently Angepena is run as a sheep and cattle station and has been owned and run continuously for the last 50 years by the Nicholls family.


title: American Capital of Culture

abstract: The non-governmental organization American Capital of Culture selects one city or state in the Americas annually to serve as the American Capital of Culture for a period of one year. The organization's leaders claim the initiative is based closely on the European Capital of Culture program; it enjoys the backing of the Organization of American States, but the OAS is not involved in the selection process. The organization was founded in 1998 with the objectives to raise awareness of culture in the Americas and to promote the city selected as the Capital of Culture for the year. The chosen city is publicized on the television networks Antena 3 and the Discovery network. While the NGO claims that the designation "is aimed at all the countries of the Americas", as of 2024 the 26 locations designated as the American Capital of Culture have only been chosen from Latin America and the Caribbean. Furthermore, the designation has increasingly become Mexico-centric; Mexico has dominated the program since 2014, being given the designation six times in the 11 years from 2014 to 2024.

text:
# American Capital of Culture

The non-governmental organization American Capital of Culture selects one city or state in the Americas annually to serve as the **American Capital of Culture** for a period of one year. The organization's leaders claim the initiative is based closely on the European Capital of Culture program; it enjoys the backing of the Organization of American States, but the OAS is not involved in the selection process.

The organization was founded in 1998 with the objectives to raise awareness of culture in the Americas and to promote the city selected as the Capital of Culture for the year. The chosen city is publicized on the television networks Antena 3 and the Discovery network.

While the NGO claims that the designation "is aimed at all the countries of the Americas", as of 2024 the 26 locations (includes two in 2003) designated as the American Capital of Culture have only been chosen from Latin America and the Caribbean. Furthermore, the designation has increasingly become Mexico-centric; Mexico has dominated the program since 2014, being given the designation six times in the 11 years from 2014 to 2024.

## List of dates of American Capital of Culture

American Capitals of Culture
| Year | City | Country |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | Mérida | Mexico |
| 2001 | Iquique | Chile |
| 2002 | Maceió | Brazil |
| 2003 | Panama City | Panama |
| | Curitiba | Brazil |
| 2004 | Santiago | Chile |
| 2005 | Guadalajara | Mexico |
| 2006 | Cordoba | Argentina |
| 2007 | Cuzco | Peru |
| 2008 | Brasília | Brazil |
| 2009 | Asunción | Paraguay |
| 2010 | Santo Domingo | Dominican Republic |
| 2011 | Quito | Ecuador |
| 2012 | São Luís | Brazil |
| 2013 | Barranquilla | Colombia |
| 2014 | Colima | Mexico |
| 2015 | Mayagüez | Puerto Rico |
| 2016 | Valdivia | Chile |
| 2017 | Mérida | Mexico |
| 2018 | Anzoátegui | Venezuela |
| 2019 | San Miguel de Allende | Mexico |
| 2020 | Punta Arenas | Chile |
| 2021 | Estado de Zacatecas | Mexico |
| 2022 | Ibagué | Colombia |
| 2023 | Aguascalientes | Mexico |
| 2024 | Nayarit | Mexico |


title: 1932 Manitoba general election

abstract: The 1932 Manitoba general election was held on June 16, 1932 to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada. A Liberal-Progressive majority government was elected. This was the second election in Manitoba where two types of preferential voting was used in all electoral divisions. Winnipeg elected ten members through single transferable ballot, while all other constituencies elected one member by instant runoff voting. The election was called soon after the announcement of an alliance between the governing Progressive Party of John Bracken and the Liberal Party led by Murdoch Mackay. These parties were ideologically similar, and had a common interest in preventing the Conservative Party from coming to power. National Liberal leader William Lyon Mackenzie King supported this alliance, out of concern that a Conservative victory would strengthen the hand of Conservative Prime Minister Richard Bennett. Bracken tried to bring the Conservatives into his coalition, but was rebuffed by Conservative leader Fawcett Taylor. Taylor's refusal to consider a consensus government was used against him in the campaign. The election was also contested by the social democratic Independent Labour Party, under the leadership of John Queen. Though it was the second-largest party in the legislature after the 1920 election, Labour had slumped to only three seats in 1927 amid a general period of decline in the Canadian left. While the ILP was poised to improve its showing in the 1932 campaign, it was not a serious contender for government. In the event it elected only five MLAs, four in Winnipeg and one in St. Boniface, evidence of the benefits of preferential balloting to a minority party. Some members of the provincial Liberal Party opposed the Liberal-Progressive alliance, and contested the election as "continuing Liberals". Their leader was David Campbell, the mayor of St. Boniface. Leslie Morris and Jacob Penner of the Communist Party campaigned in the city of Winnipeg, and other Communist candidates ran in the outlying areas. As the Communist Party was under legal restrictions at the time, they ran as "United Front Workers" candidates. Former Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) George Armstrong ran as a candidate of the Socialist Party, and Jessie MacLennan campaigned as a labour candidate unaffiliated with the ILP. The result was a resounding victory for the governing alliance, as Liberals, Progressives and their allies won 38 out of 55 seats. The Conservatives fell from fifteen seats to ten. Having lost his third consecutive election, Fawcett Taylor resigned as Conservative leader in 1933. The Independent Labour Party managed a modest recovery after its poor showing in 1927, increasing its caucus to five members. No other parties' candidates were elected, although two former Progressives were elected as independents. The Continuing Liberals fared especially poorly, and disappeared after the election. Leslie Morris came 309 votes short of winning the tenth seat in Winnipeg. Had he won, he would have been the first Communist elected to a provincial legislature in Canada. The new Legislature would see 15 new MLAs, ten arising from incumbents being defeated, and the other five from open seats. Of the latter, four incumbents chose not to run, and one incumbent had died in March 1932.

text:
# 1932 Manitoba general election

The **1932 Manitoba general election** was held on June 16, 1932 to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada. A Liberal-Progressive majority government was elected.

This was the second election in Manitoba where two types of preferential voting was used in all electoral divisions. Winnipeg elected ten members through single transferable ballot, while all other constituencies elected one member by instant runoff voting.

The election was called soon after the announcement of an alliance between the governing Progressive Party of John Bracken and the Liberal Party led by Murdoch Mackay. These parties were ideologically similar, and had a common interest in preventing the Conservative Party from coming to power. National Liberal leader William Lyon Mackenzie King supported this alliance, out of concern that a Conservative victory would strengthen the hand of Conservative Prime Minister Richard Bennett.

Bracken tried to bring the Conservatives into his coalition, but was rebuffed by Conservative leader Fawcett Taylor. Taylor's refusal to consider a consensus government was used against him in the campaign.

The election was also contested by the social democratic Independent Labour Party, under the leadership of John Queen. Though it was the second-largest party in the legislature after the 1920 election, Labour had slumped to only three seats in 1927 amid a general period of decline in the Canadian left. While the ILP was poised to improve its showing in the 1932 campaign, it was not a serious contender for government. In the event it elected only five MLAs, four in Winnipeg and one in St. Boniface, evidence of the benefits of preferential balloting to a minority party.

Some members of the provincial Liberal Party opposed the Liberal-Progressive alliance, and contested the election as "continuing Liberals". Their leader was David Campbell, the mayor of St. Boniface.

Leslie Morris and Jacob Penner of the Communist Party campaigned in the city of Winnipeg, and other Communist candidates ran in the outlying areas. As the Communist Party was under legal restrictions at the time, they ran as "United Front Workers" candidates. Former Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) George Armstrong ran as a candidate of the Socialist Party, and Jessie MacLennan campaigned as a labour candidate unaffiliated with the ILP.

The result was a resounding victory for the governing alliance, as Liberals, Progressives and their allies won 38 out of 55 seats. The Conservatives fell from fifteen seats to ten. Having lost his third consecutive election, Fawcett Taylor resigned as Conservative leader in 1933. The Independent Labour Party managed a modest recovery after its poor showing in 1927, increasing its caucus to five members. No other parties' candidates were elected, although two former Progressives were elected as independents. The Continuing Liberals fared especially poorly, and disappeared after the election.

Leslie Morris came 309 votes short of winning the tenth seat in Winnipeg. Had he won, he would have been the first Communist elected to a provincial legislature in Canada.

The new Legislature would see 15 new MLAs, ten arising from incumbents being defeated, and the other five from open seats. Of the latter, four incumbents chose not to run, and one incumbent (John H. Edmison of Brandon) had died in March 1932.

## Results

Manitoba general election (June 16, 1932)
| Party | | Leader | First-preference votes | | Seats | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | | % FPv | Cand. | 1927 | Elected | Change |
|  | Liberal–Progressive | John Bracken | 97,388 | 38.26 | 50 | 33 | 36 | 3 |
|  | Conservative | Fawcett Taylor | 90,135 | 35.41 | 48 | 15 | 10 | 5 |
|  | Independent Labour | John Queen | 35,992 | 14.14 | 15 | 3 | 5 | 2 |
|  | Continuing Liberal | David Campbell | 6,126 | 2.41 | 12 |  |  |  |
|  | United Front Workers |  | 5,635 | 2.21 | 4 |  |  |  |
|  | Independent |  | 3,897 | 1.53 | 7 | 1 |  | 1 |
|  | Independent-Farmer-Labour |  | 3,594 | 1.41 | 2 |  | 1 | 1 |
|  | Independent-LP |  | 3,530 | 1.39 | 3 |  | 2 | 2 |
|  | Independent Ukrainian |  | 2,693 | 1.06 | 1 |  |  |  |
|  | Independent-Progressive |  | 1,954 | 0.77 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
|  | Labour |  | 1,600 | 0.63 | 1 |  |  |  |
|  | Independent-Farmer |  | 997 | 0.39 | 1 | 1 |  | 1 |
|  | Socialist |  | 848 | 0.33 | 1 |  |  |  |
|  | Independent-Conservative |  | 173 | 0.07 | 1 |  |  |  |
| Valid | | | 254,562 | 100.00 | 147 | 55 | 55 |  |
| Rejected | | | n/a |  | | | | |
| Total votes cast | | | 254,562 |  | | | | |
| Registered voters/Turnout | | | 350,476 | 72.6 |  | | | |

### First-preference votes by riding

| Riding | LP | Con | ILP | CL | Ind | Ind-Con | Ind-Frm | Ind-FL | Ind-LP | Ind-Pr | Ind-Ukr | Lab | Soc | UFW | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
| Rural single-member ridings | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Arthur | 1,835 | 881 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,716 |
| Assiniboia | 1,008 | 2,813 | 2,349 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,170 |
| Beautiful Plains | 2,378 | 1,729 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,107 |
| Birtle |  | 1,315 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,954 |  |  |  |  | 3,269 |
| Brandon City | 1,423 | 2,647 | 1,574 | 893 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,537 |
| Carillon | 2,590 | 804 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,394 |
| Cypress | 1,795 | 1,539 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,334 |
| Dauphin | 1,668 | 1,525 | 578 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,771 |
| Deloraine | 2,003 | 1,523 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,526 |
| Dufferin | 2,568 | 1,966 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,534 |
| Emerson | 1,987 | 1,742 |  |  |  |  |  | 559 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,288 |
| Ethelbert | 2,331 |  | 1,682 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,013 |
| Fairford | 1,011 |  |  | 677 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,688 |
| Fisher | 845 | 352 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 195 |  |  |  |  | 364 | 1,756 |
| Gilbert Plains | 1,601 | 1,312 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,913 |
| Gimli | 2,409 | 858 |  | 230 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 710 | 4,207 |
| Gladstone | 1,902 | 1,144 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,046 |
| Glenwood | 2,020 | 1,087 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,107 |
| Hamiota | 1,847 | 1,223 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,070 |
| Iberville |  | 807 |  | 304 |  |  |  |  | 1,488 |  |  |  |  |  | 2,599 |
| Kildonan and St. Andrews | 2,308 | 2,543 | 1,315 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,166 |
| Killarney | 1,571 | 1,481 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,052 |
| Lakeside | 1,969 | 1,522 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,491 |
| Lansdowne | 2,193 | 1,095 |  | 189 | 302 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,779 |
| La Verendrye | 1,587 | 1,473 |  |  | 374 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,434 |
| Manitou | 2,268 | 1,776 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,044 |
| Minnedosa | 2,210 | 2,336 |  |  | 396 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,942 |
| Morden and Rhineland | 2,837 | 2,390 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,227 |
| Morris | 2,526 | 1,077 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,603 |
| Mountain | 3,076 | 1,182 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,258 |
| Norfolk | 1,773 | 1,537 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,310 |
| Portage la Prairie | 1,051 | 2,016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,067 |
| Roblin |  | 1,238 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,847 |  |  |  |  |  | 3,085 |
| Rockwood | 2,114 | 1,136 |  |  |  |  | 997 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,247 |
| Rupertsland | 527 |  |  |  | 111 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 638 |
| Russell | 2,523 | 1,237 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,760 |
| St. Boniface | 3,283 | 3,483 | 3,477 | 1,116 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,359 |
| St. Clements | 3,234 | 2,046 | 1,774 | 412 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,466 |
| St. George | 1,604 | 1,104 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,708 |
| Ste. Rose | 1,959 | 1,203 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,162 |
| Springfield | 2,407 | 1,080 | 235 | 232 |  |  |  | 3,035 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,989 |
| Swan River | 1,034 | 1,698 |  |  | 1,279 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,011 |
| The Pas | 1,915 |  | 1,072 |  |  | 173 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,160 |
| Turtle Mountain | 1,277 | 1,322 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,599 |
| Virden | 2,101 | 1,619 |  | 249 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,969 |
| Winnipeg (multi-member riding) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Winnipeg | 14,818 | 27,274 | 21,938 | 1,824 | 1,435 |  |  |  |  |  | 2,693 | 1,600 | 848 | 4,561 | 76,991 |
| Provincewide | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **Total** | 97,386 | 90,135 | 35,994 | 6,126 | 3,897 | 173 | 997 | 3,594 | 3,530 | 1,954 | 2,693 | 1,600 | 848 | 5,635 | 254,562 |

1. two LP candidates fielded, from both the Progressive and Liberal wings

### Results by riding

Incumbents are marked with \*.

For Liberal and Progressive incumbents:

() = Progressive MLA in previous Legislature () = Liberal MLA in previous Legislature

### Seats changing hands

In the single-member ridings, 13 seats changed allegiance:

*(Italics indicate that incumbent changed allegiance)*

In Winnipeg, the seat distribution was changed as follows:

Winnipeg - distribution of seats (1927 vs 1922)
| Party | | 1927 | 1932 | change |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal–Progressive | 4 | 3 | 1 |
|  | Conservative | 3 | 3 |  |
|  | ILP | 3 | 4 | 1 |
| **Total** | | 10 | 10 |

### Turnover on runoff

In the single-member ridings, there was only one case where the first-place candidate on first-preference votes failed to win:

St. Boniface \- Summary of results (1932)
| Party | | Candidate | First-preference votes | | Maximum votes | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | | % FPv | Votes | Round | Initial vs transfer votes mix |
|  | Conservative | Joseph Bernier* | 3,483 | 30.66 | 4,470 | 3 |  |
|  | Independent Labour | **Harold Lawrence** | 3,477 | 30.61 | **4,954** | 3 |  |
|  | Liberal–Progressive | L.P. Gagnon | 3,283 | 28.90 | 3,560 | 2 |  |
|  | Continuing Liberal | David Campbell | 1,116 | 9.83 | 1,116 | 1 |  |
| **Total** | | | 11,359 | 100.00 |  | | |
| **Exhausted votes** | | | | | 1,935 | 17.03% |  |

In the second count, Lawrence received enough transfers from Campbell to lead by 82 votes. He would receive a significant share from Gagnon's transfers to finish with a lead of 484 votes. Lawrence would become the first-ever ILP MLA for the riding.

### Multiple-LP candidate contests

In two ridings, two LP candidatesrespectively nominated by the party's Liberal and Progressive wingswere on the ballot.

Gimli \- Summary of results (1932)
| Party | | Candidate | First-preference votes | | Maximum votes | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | | % FPv | Votes | Round | Initial vs transfer votes mix |
|  | Liberal–Progressive (Lib) | **Einar Jonasson** | 1,340 | 31.81 | **1,704** | 4 |  |
|  | Liberal–Progressive (Prog) | Ingimar Ingaldson* | 1,069 | 25.37 | 1,410 | 4 |  |
|  | Conservative | Gunnar Thorvaldson | 858 | 20.37 | 858 | 3 |  |
|  | United Front Workers | Iwan Kapusta | 710 | 16.85 | 716 | 2 |  |
|  | Continuing Liberal | Michael Ewanchuk | 236 | 5.60 | 236 | 1 |  |
| **Total** | | | 4,213 | 100.00 |  | | |
| **Exhausted votes** | | | | | 1,099 | 26.09% |  |

Rupertsland \- Summary of results (1932)
| Party | | Candidate | First-preference votes | | Maximum votes | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | | % FPv | Votes | Round | Initial vs transfer votes mix |
|  | Liberal–Progressive (Lib) | **Ewan McPherson** | 312 | 48.90 | **319** | 2 |  |
|  | Liberal–Progressive (Prog) | Herbert G. Beresford* | 215 | 33.70 | 229 | 2 |  |
|  | Independent | Capt. Evans Atkinson | 111 | 17.40 | 111 | 1 |  |
| **Total** | | | 638 | 100.00 |  | | |
| **Exhausted votes** | | | | | 90 | 14.11% |  |

McPherson had previously failed to unseat Fawcett Taylor in Portage la Prairie on Election Day, so he opted to campaign again in Rupertsland, which had been deferred to July 14. This time he was successful.

### Winnipeg

Winnipeg (ten members):

Valid votes: 76,991 Quota: 7000 votes

Winnipeg MLAs returned by party
| Party | | MLAs |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal–Progressive | 3 |
|  | Conservative | 3 |
|  | ILP | 4 |
| **Total** | | 10 |

Winnipeg \- Summary of results (1932)
| Party | | Candidate | First-preference votes | | Maximum votes | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | | % FPv | Votes | Round | Initial vs transfer votes mix |
|  | Conservative | **William Sanford Evans*** | 13,507 | 17.54 | **13,507** | 1 |  |
|  | Independent Labour | **John Queen*** | 9,302 | 12.08 | **9,302** | 1 |  |
|  | Liberal–Progressive | **William Major*** | 5,940 | 7.72 | **7,044** | 17 |  |
|  | Independent Labour | **Seymour Farmer*** | 5,053 | 6.56 | **7,105** | 11 |  |
|  | Conservative | **John Thomas Haig*** | 4,432 | 5.76 | **7,019** | 5 |  |
|  | Liberal–Progressive | **John Stewart McDiarmid** | 3,540 | 4.60 | **6,060** | 24 |  |
|  | Conservative | **Huntly Ketchen** | 3,530 | 4.59 | **7,486** | 22 |  |
|  | United Front Workers | Leslie Morris | 3,455 | 4.49 | 4,959 | 24 |  |
|  | Independent Labour | **Marcus Hyman** | 3,366 | 4.37 | **6,593** | 24 |  |
|  | Liberal–Progressive | **Ralph Maybank** | 2,945 | 3.83 | **5,268** | 24 |  |
|  | Independent Ukrainian | C. Andrusyshen | 2,693 | 3.50 | 2,923 | 20 |  |
|  | Independent Labour | **William Ivens*** | 2,262 | 2.94 | **5,470** | 24 |  |
|  | Conservative | William V. Tobias* | 1,991 | 2.59 | 2,045 | 19 |  |
|  | Conservative | R.W.B. Swail | 1,951 | 2.53 | 3,547 | 21 |  |
|  | Liberal–Progressive | Edward William Montgomery* | 1,614 | 2.10 | 2,177 | 18 |  |
|  | Labour | Jessie MacLennan | 1,600 | 2.08 | 2,082 | 16 |  |
|  | Conservative | James Alexander Barry | 1,549 | 2.01 | 4,780 | 23 |  |
|  | Independent | F.W. Russell | 1,339 | 1.74 | 1,570 | 15 |  |
|  | United Front Workers | Jacob Penner | 1,106 | 1.44 | 1,106 | 13 |  |
|  | Independent Labour | V.B. Anderson | 1,061 | 1.38 | 1,061 | 14 |  |
|  | Independent Labour | Beatrice Brigden | 894 | 1.16 | 1,084 | 10 |  |
|  | Socialist | George Armstrong | 848 | 1.10 | 880 | 9 |  |
|  | Continuing Liberal | H.P.A. Hermanson | 688 | 0.89 | 1,331 | 13 |  |
|  | Liberal–Progressive | Duncan Cameron | 597 | 0.78 | 597 | 7 |  |
|  | Continuing Liberal | John Y. Reid | 588 | 0.76 | 812 | 8 |  |
|  | Continuing Liberal | Clarence G. Keith | 548 | 0.71 | 588 | 6 |  |
|  | Conservative | D.M. Elcheshen | 314 | 0.41 | 378 | 4 |  |
|  | Liberal–Progressive | W.J. Fulton | 182 | 0.24 | 182 | 3 |  |
|  | Independent | Thomas Gargan | 96 | 0.12 | 96 | 3 |  |
| **Total** | | | 76,991 | 100.00 |  | | |
| **Exhausted votes** | | | | | 11,600 | 15.07% |  |

## Sources

The first ballot results for Winnipeg and results for all other constituencies are taken from an official Manitoba government publication entitled "Manitoba elections, 1920-1941", cross-referenced with an appendix to the government's report of the 2003 provincial election. The Canadian parliamentary guide lists slightly different results from Kildonan & St. Andrews, Lansdowne, La Verendrye, Morris, Springfield and Turtle Mountain; the other two sources are more comprehensive, however, and may be taken as more reliable.

All ballot results for Winnipeg after the first count are taken from reports in the Winnipeg Free Press newspaper. It is possible that some errors appeared in the original publication.

## Post-election changes

Portage la Prairie (res. Fawcett Taylor, 1933), November 27, 1933:

Arthur (dec. Duncan McLeod, May 10, 1935), June 24, 1935:

Russell (Isaac Griffiths to cabinet, May 28, 1935), July 4, 1935:

Carillon (dec. Albert Prefontaine, 1935), July 4, 1935:

Gimli (res. Einar Jonasson, 1935)

Winnipeg (res. Ralph Maybank, October 1, 1935)

Winnipeg (res. John Thomas Haig, 1935)

## Further reading

* *The Canadian Annual Review of Public Affairs, 1932*. Toronto: The Annual Review Company. 1933.

1. "15 Members of Last House Will Be Missing This Winter". *The Winnipeg Tribune*. June 20, 1932. p. 1.
2. "Nineteenth General Election Held June 16, 1932 - Summary of Results" (PDF). *electionsmanitoba.ca*. Elections Manitoba. Retrieved January 25, 2023. \- valid for first-preference totals by riding
3. "Fred Lawrence Beats Bernier in St. Boniface". *The Winnipeg Tribune*. June 20, 1932. p. 1.
4. "Premier Wins and McPherson Has Big Lead". *The Winnipeg Tribune*. July 15, 1932. pp. 1, 4.

## InfoBox

1932 Manitoba general election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  55 seats of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba
27 seats needed for a majority | |
| First party Second party Third party   Leader John Bracken Fawcett Taylor John Queen  Party Liberal–Progressive Progressive Conservative Independent Labour  Leader since August 8, 1922 April 5, 1922 1923  Leader's seat The Pas Portage la Prairie Winnipeg  Last election 36 15 3  Seats won **38** 10 5  Seat change 2 5 2  Popular vote 101,286 92,660 41,963  Percentage 39.6% 35.4% 16.5%  Swing 13.5pp 8.2pp 6.0pp | |
| ---  **Premier before election**
John Bracken
Liberal–Progressive **Premier after election**
John Bracken
Liberal–Progressive | |


title: Edmond de Palézieux

abstract: Edmond Henri Théodore de Palézieux, nicknamed Falconnet was a Swiss marine painter, known for his dramatic scenes of sailors fighting the elements. He was also an amateur sailor and navigator.

text:
# Edmond de Palézieux

**Edmond Henri Théodore de Palézieux**, nicknamed **Falconnet** (20 July 1850, Vevey \- 11 June 1924, Équihen-Plage) was a Swiss marine painter, known for his dramatic scenes of sailors fighting the elements. He was also an amateur sailor and navigator.

## Biography

He originally wanted to join the Navy, but his family refused permission, so he searched for another occupation that would allow him to travel and chose painting. He became a student of Barthélemy Menn, whose style left permanent traces in Palézieux's work. Menn also encouraged him to practice painting en plein aire. Later, he went to Paris, where he studied with Jean-Paul Laurens and made the acquaintance of Fernand Cormon.

After a brief visit to Düsseldorf, he returned home and married Lily Olmsted, with whom he had a daughter. His family made frequent visits to Brittany and Normandy. Many of his works were inspired by sights on the shores of Lake Geneva.

During the 1880s, he made numerous trips to Paris, where he socialized with some of his fellow painters from Switzerland, including Eugène Burnand, Charles Giron and Evert van Muyden. He also held regular exhibitions at the Salon des artistes français, which received generally good reviews.

In 1903, after separating from his wife, he settled permanently in Équihen-Plage, near Boulogne-sur-Mer. Four years later, after his divorce was finalized, he married Suzanne Lair. This marriage produced no children. In 1910, he was named a Chevalier in the French Legion of Honor.

The First World War forced him and his wife to remove themselves from their proximity to the battle zones. They spent time in Vevey, near Lake Annecy and in the south of France; Collioure in particular, but also in Antibes and Saint-Jean-de-Luz. He left each of these places with numerous new maritime paintings and sketches. They were finally able to return to Équihen-Plage in 1919, and he remained there for the rest of his life. In his final years, he displayed some nostalgia for his homeland; notably a painting entitled "Souvenir de régates" (now lost), where he depicts himself manning a racing boat in Lake Geneva. He was interred in the village cemetery.

A major retrospective was held at the Lake Geneva Museum in 2014. In addition to his paintings, several of his working models were displayed.

## The sailor

He had been passionate about sailing and navigating since he was a young boy and learned how to manage a sailboat at the age of twelve. Although his family was opposed to sailing as a career, he took boats out on Lake Geneva as often as possible. In 1888, he commanded the "Petrel", a ship belonging to Baron Jules de Catus (1838-1910), who was a naval architect. In 1890, he had a ship built and named it the "Flirt". It was a racing boat which he used to participate in regattas on Lake Geneva.

His involvement in sailing can be seen in his works, where there is a meticulous accuracy of detail, not only in the boats themselves, but in the navigational maneuvers as well.

## Further reading

* Yann Gobert-Sergent, *Edmond de Palézieux (1850-1924) : Peintre navigateur du Boulonnais*, Cahiers du Patrimoine Boulonnais, #72, 2015, pgs.2-11.
* *Exposition Edmond de Palézieux*: exhibition catalog from the Musée Jenisch, June 1951
* Dominique Radrizzani, Christophe Flubacher, *Edmond de Palézieux, Peintre de marines. 1850-1924.*, Vevey: Association des Amis du peintre Edmond de Palézieux, 2012, with supplementary articles by Marianne Chevassus Favey and Léonore Porchet
* Robert Pugh, "Edmond de Palézieux, l'homme et l'artiste: in memoriam", in *Pages d'Art*, Geneva, December 1924, pgs.267-294.


title: Edmond de Rothschild Foundations

abstract: The Edmond de Rothschild Foundations is an international philanthropic organization launched in 2005 to regroup a number of historic legacies instituted by heirs of the Rothschild family, particularly its Paris and Naples branches, as well as some of the family's contemporary philanthropic initiatives. Named in honor of the philanthropist Edmond James de Rothschild (1845–1934) and led today by his direct descendants, the network operates in the areas of the arts, health, entrepreneurship, and the sharing of best practices in philanthropy.

text:
# Edmond de Rothschild Foundations

The **Edmond de Rothschild Foundations** is an international philanthropic organization launched in 2005 to regroup a number of historic legacies instituted by heirs of the Rothschild family, particularly its Paris and Naples branches, as well as some of the family's contemporary philanthropic initiatives. Named in honor of the philanthropist Edmond James de Rothschild (1845–1934) and led today by his direct descendants, the network operates in the areas of the arts, health, entrepreneurship, and the sharing of best practices in philanthropy.

## History

### Origins

Throughout its history, the Rothschild family has engaged in charitable and patronage activities to benefit causes spanning from healthcare, scientific research, Jewish welfare, social housing and the arts. James Mayer de Rothschild (1792-1868), son of dynasty founder Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744-1812) of Frankfurt, established the family's Paris branch. Together with his wife Betty de Rothschild (1805-1886), he was a celebrated donor who supported literature, fine arts, and music through the patronage of figures such as Honoré de Balzac, Eugène Delacroix, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Frédéric Chopin, and Gioachino Rossini. Through their charitable initiatives, medical aid was brought to members of the Jewish community through the Hôpital israélite de Paris founded in 1852.

Philanthropy was perpetuated by their son Edmond James de Rothschild (1845-1934), a prolific art collector who made possible the Musée du Louvre's groundbreaking acquisition of the Boscoreale Treasure of ancient Roman silver in 1896. His historic bequest of old master prints and drawings to the Louvre in 1934 led to the creation of the Edmond de Rothschild Collection and paved the way for the establishment of the museum's Département des Arts Graphiques.

### 20th-century development

The early 20th century witnessed a greater institutionalization of the philanthropic aims of the Paris branch. Edmond James de Rothchild, together with his brothers Alphonse de Rothschild (1827-1905) and Gustave de Rothschild (1829-1911), founded the Compagnie du Logement - Fondation Rothschild in 1904; within a decade, they had provided over 1,100 affordable-housing flats in Paris, setting an example for similar social housing initiatives by private philanthropists and, ultimately, the French government.

In 1909, Edmond James de Rothschild assumed the presidency of the Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild. This Parisian hospital had been established four years earlier by the testament of Adelheid von Rothschild's uncle, Adolphe Carl von Rothschild (1823-1900) of the family's Vienna branch, who built the Château de Pregny in Geneva in 1862. The institution was fostered under the early guidance of his widow, Julie von Rothschild (1830-1907). As the couple left no children, their legacy was entrusted to their French nephew, Edmond James de Rothschild

In 1927, Emond James de Rothschild created with the Nobel Prize-winning physicist Jean Baptiste Perrin the Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, the precursor of today's Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), France's leading research institution.

His acquisition of thousands of dunhams of territory from Ottoman landowners allowed the settlement of Jews in Palestine in the early 20th century as they fled the pogroms of Central Europe, and encouraged their integration with local population. Working closely with the Alliance Israélite Universelle, he promoted a multicultural approach to economic development in Palestine prior to the creation of modern Israel. He was seconded in this work by his wife Adelheid von Rothschild (1853-1935). Although he died nearly fifteen years before the founding of the modern State of Israel, Edmond James de Rothschild continues to be known in that country as Hanadiv (the Benefactor).

Maurice de Rothschild, son of Edmond James de Rothschild, supported scientific expeditions, especially in Africa, offering numerous zoological specimens to France's National Museum of Natural History. He was instrumental in the establishment of the Ballets Russes in Paris and donated Renaissance ornaments to the collections of the Musée du Louvre.

In the following generation, Edmond Adolphe de Rothschild (1926-1997) gave furniture, tapestries, and paintings to the Château de Versailles. His gifts of the 18th-century French decorative arts pieces to the Israel Museum in Jerusalem now constitute the Rothschild Room at that institution. He bequeathed an important classical vase (*Le Don de la Vigne*) to the Musée d'Art et d'Histoire of Geneva through a donation carried out by his wife, Nadine de Rothschild, in 1998.

In France, Edmond de Rothschild supported the children's welfare association *Œuvre pour la protection des enfants juifs* (OPEJ), originally founded to aid children of Jewish victims of the Vichy-era deportations. He became its president in 1969, offering OPEJ the Château de Maubuisson north of Paris (Val d'Oise). Under his guidance, the OPEJ was opened to all children regardless of faith or family background in 1981. Nadine de Rothschild continued this work after her husband's death. The institution has been presided by members of his family ever since.

In 1957, Edmond Adolphe de Rothschild sealed a partnership with the State of israel to create a sustainable philanthropic model for the support of higher education in that country. Ownership of his family's lands in Caesarea was transferred to the Edmond de Rothschild Foundation (Israel), which receives all income from residential, tourism and industrial development via the Caeserea Development Corporation and Caeserea Assets Corporation.

### Legacy transformation since 2005

In order to transform these long-standing legacies into a single network and transition from traditional giving to strategic philanthropy, Benjamin and Ariane de Rothschild launched the newly-instituted Edmond de Rothschild Foundations in 2005 and named Firoz Ladak, an Oxford-educated investment banker, CEO of the new structure. His tasks included affirming the family's philanthropic mission through programs on the venture philanthropy model, structuring governance and creating professional teams.

A number of historic relationships were continued through this transition. Oversight of the Edmond de Rothschild Collection is maintained at the Musée du Louvre in Paris, and the Edmond de Rothschild Foundations supported the Louvre's 2008-2014 renovation of its 18th-century furniture galleries. The Adolphe de Rothschild Foundation Hospital, created in 1905, underwent a deep transformation starting in 2010 to deepen its specialization in the treatment and research on the eye and the brain. In 2012, the OPEJ was reorganized in partnership with the French national welfare services as the Fondation OPEJ - Baron Edmond de Rothschild.

## Organization

The Edmond de Rothschild Foundations are composed of ten structures, several of which rely on funding from the New York-based Edmond de Rothschild Foundation.

* Mémorial A. de Rothschild, a legacy of the Hôpital Ophtamologique of Geneva (Switzerland, 1900)
* Hôpital Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild (France, 1905)
* Fondation Edmond de Rothschild pour la recherche scientifique (France, 1921, 1930, 1932)
* Fondation OPEJ - Baron Edmond de Rothschild (France, 2012), formerly *Œuvre pour la protection des enfants juifs* (France, 1946)
* Edmond de Rothschild Foundation (Israel, 1958)
* Edmond de Rothschild Foundation (United States, 1972)
* Edmond de Rothschild Foundation (Switzerland, 1982)
* Fondation Maurice et Noémie de Rothschild (Switzerland, 2001)
* Fundación Ariane de Rothschild (Spain, 2006)
* ERFIP Foundation (Switzerland, 2013)

The Edmond de Rothschild Foundations are based in Paris with operations in France, Switzerland, Spain, the United States, Israel and Africa. Firoz Ladak is CEO of the Edmond de Rothschild Foundations.

## Activities

Since 2005, venture philanthropy has been applied in all new programs and partnerships undertaken by the Edmond de Rothschild Foundations based on the theory of change methodology to support the arts, health, entrepreneurship, and research-based philanthropic innovation. Programs are created in partnership with non-profit organizations, governments and public entities, development finance institutions (DFIs) and other international foundations.

### Arts

Arts programs are co-developed with partners to support artistic practices oriented towards citizenship and social impact. Programs in social practice art have been supported through partnerships with various cultural institutions: In New York with the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum for the creation of the "Guggenheim Social Practice" and with the Jewish Museum for exhibitions including "Unorthodox"; In Spain with the Daniel and Nina Carasso Foundation and the city of Madrid for the initiative "Una Ciudad Muchos Mundos" and in Paris with the École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts to launch the AIMS program (*Artistes intervenant en milieu scolaire*). The Edmond de Rothschild Foundation in Tel Aviv has sponsored programs in design at Shenkar College and the Benzalel Academy of Arts and Design. Musical programs have been conceived in conjunction with the Carnegie Hall, notably by bringing the program "Ensemble Connect" to Paris, and, in Spain, with Catalonian conductor Jordi Savall to promote refugee musicians across Europe. Theater and dance partners have included the Théâtre national de Strasbourg, the Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe and the Festival d'Avignon with "1er Acte", the Spanish youth theater company La Joven with "Razas", and French choreographer Abou Lagraa's company La Baraka with "Premier(s) Pas".

### Health

Initiatives in health are based primarily on the management and development of the Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild in Paris in close collaboration with the French Ministry of Health and the Agence régionale de santé. It became a teaching hospital with partnerships including the Harvard University in the United States, the Kyoto University in Japan and the Hadassah Medical Center in Jerusalem. Fields of expertise include stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, neurosurgery, endovascular treatment, medical imaging, infant epilepsy, cataracts, artificial retinas and genetics.

The Edmond de Rothschild Foundations helped set up "2nd Chance", an organization initiated in 2010 by Swiss doctors to provide medical training and access to reconstructive surgery in vulnerable regions and post-conflict situations in Africa.

### Entrepreneurship

The social economy approach is implemented by Edmond de Rothschild Foundations through networks of experts and professionals who provide mentorship and investment opportunities to entrepreneurs in Europe, West Africa, Israel and the United States. Business models are based on the principle of convergence to favor inclusive growth, social impact, and technological innovation while proving financial viability. In 2014, through a partnership with the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation and the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, the Edmond de Rothschild Foundation launched the Moocs for Africa program to improve science and technology education in French-speaking African countries, specifically creating tools for future engineering entrepreneurs. In Madrid, the impact entrepreneurship organization UnLtd Spain focuses on agribusiness, healthcare and smart cities. In Paris, Tekhnè, a tech-for-good incubator for startups, was created through Liberté Living-Lab. A French-based incubator and entrepreneurship accelerator, Singa, is present in ten countries to support migrants and refugees. Portugal-based Maze X, the first pan-European entrepreneurship accelerator, was created in partnership with the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.

The Ariane de Rothschild Fellowship, established in 2009, is a transversal program blending business training, social sciences scholarship and cross-cultural dialogue. Its partners have included the Columbia Business School and Cambridge University's Judge Business School.

### Research in philanthropy

Since 2005, the Edmond de Rothschild Foundations' new model has redefined the effectiveness of philanthropy in the 21st century by establishing philanthropy as an academic discipline.

At the University of Geneva, the Edmond de Rothschild Foundations sponsors the Philanthropy Center and the Edmond de Rothschild Foundation Chair in behavioral psychology. Edmond de Rothschild Foundations supports the Chair in Philanthropy at the École supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales (ESSEC) in Paris and maintain a partnership with the Fondation de France to develop the École de Philanthropie to introduce the concept of philanthropic action to French school pupils.

In 2013, the EmpoweR Families for Innovative Philanthropy (ERFIP) platform was launched to generate exchange among family offices and foundations in emerging countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America to harness philanthropic activity based on engagement with local shareholders and local business communities, as well as more contemporary subjects such as sustainable development.

## Bibliography

* Antébi, Elizabeth (2003). *Edmond de Rothschild: L'homme qui racheta la Terre Sainte* (in French). Paris: Éditions du Rocher. ISBN 978-2-268-04442-2.
* Collard, Claude; Aspey, Mélanie (2012). *Les Rothschild en France au XIXe siècle* (in French). Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale de Paris.
* Prevost-Marcilhacy, Pauline (2016). *Les Rothschild: Une dynastie de mécènes en France au XIXe siècle* (in French). Vol. 3. Paris: Somogy Éditions d'Art. ISBN 978-2-7177-2432-5.

## InfoBox

Edmond de Rothschild Foundations
|
|  |
| Abbreviation | EdRF |
| Named after | Edmond James de Rothschild (1845–1934) |
| Founded | 2005 |
| Founder | Benjamin de Rothschild<br>Ariane de Rothschild |
| Type | Philanthropic organization |
| Headquarters | Geneva, Switzerland |
| Fields | Arts, health, entrepreneurship, philanthropy |
| Key people | Firoz Ladak (CEO) |
| Website | www.edmondderothschildfoundations.org |


title: Anastenaria (Xenakis)

abstract: Anastenaria is a triptych cycle of compositions for SATB chorus, male chorus and orchestra by Greek composer Iannis Xenakis. It is, also, one of his most successful early compositions. The three movements of this cycle were composed between 1952 and 1954.

text:
# Anastenaria (Xenakis)

***Anastenaria*** is a triptych cycle of compositions for SATB chorus, male chorus and orchestra by Greek composer Iannis Xenakis. It is, also, one of his most successful early compositions. The three movements of this cycle were composed between 1952 and 1954.

## Composition

After winning the first prize in the Bucharest Music Festival in 1953 for *La colombe de la paix*, one of his unpublished works, Xenakis decided to complete the first and the second movement of his *Anastenaria* trilogy, strongly influenced by his Greek roots. He was then studying with Arthur Honegger, Darius Milhaud and, most especially, with Olivier Messiaen, who even made several changes to the original conception of this work.

## Conception

Xenakis claimed that the work is based on a Greek Ritual which, after Constantine the Great, it has been reinterpreted to be a Christian ritual. In this ritual, Xenakis distinguishes up to three different phases:

* Phase A: the procession of the priests, the "Anastenarides", and the crowds from several villages, thus performing a ritual in which the ceremony is centered on instrumental and choral music. The priest say prayers while the Anastenarides ladle out holy water for the people to drink or to wash themselves with.
* Phase B: On the evening before 21 May, a holy steer is brought from the fields to the church. A huge fire is lit out on the church square and the Anastenarides dance effusively on hot coals with their bare feet, as part of the ritual.

Xenakis decided not to compose the third phase, in which the steer blessed by Orthodox priest is sacrificed on 21 May.

## Analysis

This work consists of three movements, which are often performed individually. The movement list is as follows:

1. *Procession aux eaux claires*, for large orchestra, SATB chorus of 30 voices and male chorus of 15 voices (1952/1953)
2. *Le sacrifice*, for large orchestra (1953)
3. *Metastaseis*, for 61 solo instruments (1953/54)

The first movement is largely tonal, unlike the rest of the work. According to Hans Rudolf Zeller, the divisi in the choral parts create musical phenomena of mass resulting from the individualization of the leading voice. It is also based on the principle of overlapping, which makes each voice to proceed from its own melodic, harmonic or rhythmic personality.

The second movement, which treats the evening before the sacrifice, is conceived purely instrumentally; this movement is clearly closer to the style of his contemporaries. However, from this movement on, Xenakis would no longer be constrained by serial techniques, and would explore his musical viewpoints and perspectives by using glissandos and discontinuous pitches.

The third movement was the result of this change, even though it would still not be considered stochastic music, which Xenakis would explore further in *Pithoprakta*. However, Xenakis removed completely any trace of serial music and started working to bring his vocal compositions to the same level as that of his instrumental and electroacoustic compositions. According to the composer himself, the third movement was separated from the rest because it was "such a step forward".


title: Anasterias

abstract: Anasterias is a genus of starfish in the family Asteriidae.

text:
# Anasterias

***Anasterias*** is a genus of starfish in the family Asteriidae.

## Species

The World Register of Marine Species lists the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Anasterias* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Anasterias antarctica* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Echinodermata |
| Class: | Asteroidea |
| Order: | Forcipulatida |
| Family: | Asteriidae |
| Genus: | *Anasterias*<br>Perrier, 1875 |
|
| Species | |
| See text | |


title: 1932–33 Hong Kong First Division League

abstract: The 1932–33 Hong Kong First Division League season was the 25th since its establishment.

text:
# 1932–33 Hong Kong First Division League

The **1932–33 Hong Kong First Division League** season was the 25th since its establishment.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | South China (C) | 20 | 15 | 1 | 4 | 60 | 20 | +40 | 31 |
| 2 | South Wales Borderers | 20 | 14 | 2 | 4 | 62 | 25 | +37 | 30 |
| 3 | Royal Garrison Artillery | 20 | 15 | 0 | 5 | 60 | 30 | +30 | 30 |
| 4 | Lincolnshire Regiment | 20 | 10 | 4 | 6 | 52 | 32 | +20 | 24 |
| 5 | Royal Navy | 20 | 9 | 2 | 9 | 46 | 41 | +5 | 20 |
| 6 | Chinese Athletic Association | 20 | 9 | 3 | 8 | 51 | 47 | +4 | 21 |
| 7 | HKFC | 20 | 8 | 2 | 10 | 24 | 54 | 30 | 18 |
| 8 | St. Joseph's | 20 | 8 | 1 | 11 | 30 | 41 | 11 | 17 |
| 9 | Police | 20 | 7 | 0 | 13 | 28 | 35 | 7 | 14 |
| 10 | Kowloon FC | 20 | 5 | 1 | 14 | 32 | 42 | 10 | 11 |
| 11 | Club de Recreio | 20 | 2 | 0 | 18 | 22 | 100 | 78 | 4 |

Source: rsssf.com
(C) Champions

## InfoBox

Hong Kong First Division
| Season | 1932–33 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | South China (3rd title) |
| Matches played | 110 |
| Goals scored | 467 (4.25 per match) |
| 1931–32 1933–34 | |


title: Anaea aidea

abstract: Anaea aidea, the tropical leafwing, is a species of brush-footed butterfly in the subfamily Charaxinae. Its native range extends from Mexico to northwestern Costa Rica, with strays sometimes seen in southern Texas, Arizona, and California in the United States. Some authors consider Anaea aidea to be a subspecies of Anaea troglodyta. It has a wingspan of 57–78 mm (2.2–3.1 in). The larvae feed on Croton species.

text:
# Anaea aidea

***Anaea aidea***, the **tropical leafwing**, is a species of brush-footed butterfly (family Nymphalidae) in the subfamily Charaxinae. Its native range extends from Mexico to northwestern Costa Rica, with strays sometimes seen in southern Texas, Arizona, and California in the United States. Some authors consider *Anaea aidea* to be a subspecies of *Anaea troglodyta*.

It has a wingspan of 57–78 mm (2.2–3.1 in). The larvae feed on *Croton* species.

## InfoBox

| *Anaea aidea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | *Anaea* |
| Species: | ***A. aidea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Anaea aidea***<br>(Guérin-Méneville, 1844) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Anaea troglodyta aidea* * *Nymphalis aidea* Guérin-Méneville, \[1844\] * *Paphia morrisonii* Edwards, 1883 * *Paphia morrisonii* W. H. Edwards, 1884 * *Anaea troglodya appiciata* Röber, 1918 | |


title: 1930 Shipley by-election

abstract: The Shipley by-election was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Shipley on 6 November 1930.

text:
# 1930 Shipley by-election

The **Shipley by-election** was a parliamentary by-election for the British House of Commons constituency of Shipley on 6 November 1930.

## Vacancy

The by-election was caused by the death of the sitting Labour MP, William Mackinder on 8 September 1930. He had been MP here since winning the seat from the Liberal Party in 1923.

## Election history

The result at the last General election was

1929 general election Electorate 51,838
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **William Mackinder** | **18,654** | **42.3** |  |
|  | Unionist | Robert Clough | 13,693 | 31.1 |  |
|  | Liberal | Francis Wrigley Hirst | 11,712 | 26.6 |  |
| Majority | | | 4,961 | 11.2 |  |
| Turnout | | | 44,059 | 85.0 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

## Candidates

The constituency Labour party selected as their candidate to defend the seat William Albert Robinson from Liverpool. He had contested Liverpool Exchange at the 1929 general election. He was the political secretary of the National Union of Distributive and Allied Workers. The local Conservative Association chose as their candidate, 42-year-old James Horace Lockwood. He was a strong advocate of safeguarding for the textile industry. He had not stood for parliament before. The local Liberals put forward as their candidate, Arthur Davy. He had contested Shipley for the Liberal party at the 1922 general election when he polled 22% of the vote, finishing third behind the victorious National Liberal candidate. The Communist party decided to intervene in the election and fielded 49-year-old Willie Gallacher from Scotland. He had previously stood at Dundee in 1922 and 1923 and West Fife in 1929.

## Campaign

Polling day was set for 6 November 1930, nearly two months after the death of the previous MP, allowing for an unusually long campaign.

## Result

The Conservative party, which had never before won Shipley, gained the seat from Labour;

Shipley by-election, 1930 Electorate 52,856
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **James Lockwood** | **15,238** | **36.0** | **+4.9** |
|  | Labour | William Albert Robinson | 13,537 | 32.1 | −10.2 |
|  | Liberal | Arthur Davy | 12,785 | 30.2 | +3.6 |
|  | Communist | Willie Gallacher | 701 | 1.7 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 1,665 | 3.9 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 42,261 | 80.0 | −5.0 |
|  | Conservative **gain** from Labour | | Swing | +7.5 |  |

## Aftermath

Lockwood was re-elected at the 1931 general election, but the local Conservative Association did not re-adopt him as their candidate for the 1935 election. He stood instead as an Independent Conservative, but lost his seat, finishing last of 4 candidates with only 13.5% of the votes. Robinson challenged again in 1931 before being elected for St Helens in 1935. Gallacher returned to Scotland and was eventually elected to represent West Fife in 1935. Davy did not stand again. The result at the following General election;

1931 general election Electorate
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **James Lockwood** | **27,304** | **64.0** |  |
|  | Labour | William Albert Robinson | 14,725 | 34.5 |  |
|  | New Party | W.J. Leaper | 601 | 1.4 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 12,579 | 29.5 |  |
| Turnout | | | 42,630 | 79.7 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |


title: Edmund Port

abstract: Edmund Port was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York.

text:
# Edmund Port

**Edmund Port** (February 6, 1906 – March 2, 1986) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York.

## Education and career

Born in Syracuse, New York, Port received a Bachelor of Laws from Syracuse University College of Law in 1929. He was in private practice of law in Syracuse from 1929 to 1932. He was hospitalized and convalescing due to tuberculosis from 1932 to 1934. He returned to private practice in Syracuse from 1934 to 1953. He was an Attorney and District Compensation Officer for the Works Progress Administration and the Civilian Conservation Corps in Syracuse from 1935 to 1938. He was a rent attorney of the Office of Price Administration in Syracuse from 1942 to 1943. He was an Assistant United States Attorney of the Northern District of New York from 1943 to 1951. He was the United States Attorney for the Northern District of New York from 1951 to 1953. He was in private practice of law in Auburn, New York from 1953 to 1964.

## Federal judicial service

Port was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson on April 30, 1964, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York vacated by Judge Stephen W. Brennan. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 1, 1964, and received his commission on July 2, 1964. He assumed senior status on February 7, 1976. His service was terminated on March 2, 1986, due to his death in New Smyrna Beach, Florida.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Edmund Port | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York | |
| **In office**
February 7, 1976  March 2, 1986 | |
| Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York | |
| **In office**
July 2, 1964  February 7, 1976 | |
| Appointed by | Lyndon B. Johnson |
| Preceded by | Stephen W. Brennan |
| Succeeded by | Howard G. Munson |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Edmund Port
(1906-02-06)February 6, 1906
Syracuse, New York |
| Died | March 2, 1986(1986-03-02) (aged 80)
New Smyrna Beach, Florida |
| Education | Syracuse University College of Law (LL.B.) |
|  | |


title: Edmund Freke

abstract: Edmund Freke was an English dean and bishop.

text:
# Edmund Freke

**Edmund Freke** (also spelled Freake or Freak; c. 1516–1591) was an English dean and bishop.

## Life

He was born in Essex, and educated at Cambridge, gaining his M.A. there c. 1550.

In 1565 he was appointed Canon of the sixth stall at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, a position he held until 1572.

He was Dean of Salisbury and Dean of Rochester from 1571 to 1572 when he became Bishop of Rochester and was simultaneously Archdeacon of Canterbury *in commendam*. In 1575, he became Bishop of Norwich. There, unlike his predecessor John Parkhurst, he campaigned hard to impose uniformity in his diocese.

In 1579 he tried and then burnt a Norfolk plowwright, Matthew Hamont, for heresy.

In 1584, he became Bishop of Worcester. He was also appointed Lord Almoner, a position he held until his death.

## InfoBox

| Edmund Freke | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Worcester | |
| Church | Church of England |
| Diocese | Diocese of Worcester |
| Installed | 1584 |
| Term ended | 1591 (death) |
| Predecessor | John Whitgift |
| Successor | Richard Fletcher |
| Other post(s) | Bishop of Rochester & Archdeacon of Canterbury (1572–1575)
Bishop of Norwich (1575–1584) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | c. 1516
Essex |
| Died | 1591 (aged 7475) |
| Nationality | English |
| Denomination | Anglican |
| Alma mater | Cambridge University |


title: Anatomy of a Ghost

abstract: Anatomy of a Ghost was an American emo band from Portland, Oregon, some of whose members originally hailed from Alaska.

text:
# Anatomy of a Ghost

**Anatomy of a Ghost** was an American emo band from Portland, Oregon, some of whose members originally hailed from Alaska.

## History

Anatomy of a Ghost formed early in 2002 and gained popularity through live performances and through internet promotional channels. In 2003 they toured the United States with Saosin and Boys Night Out. Their debut (and only) record, *Evanesce*, was released in October 2003 on Fearless Records. Despite a warm critical reception, the group broke up in May 2004. The group reunited briefly in 2005 to put together a new album, but the project never materialized. In the meantime, John Gourley and Zach Carothers began playing in the group Portugal. The Man, and Dewey Halpaus had started a group called The Burning Room. Prior to forming Anatomy of a Ghost, Dewey Halpaus, and brothers Nick and Joe Simon were in a band called Nice Guy Eddie.

## Members

* John Gourley - vocals
* Nick Simon - drums
* Zachary Carothers - bass
* Joe Simon - guitar
* Dewey Halpaus - guitar

## Discography

Studio albums

## InfoBox

| Anatomy of a Ghost | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Portland, Oregon, United States |
| Genres |  |
| Years active | 2002–2004 |
| Labels | Fearless |
|  | |
| Past members | John Gourley
Nick Simon
Zachary Carothers
Joe Simon
Dewey Halpaus |