title: Flash synchronization

abstract: In photography, flash synchronization or flash sync is the synchronizing the firing of a photographic flash with the opening of the shutter admitting light to photographic film or electronic image sensor. In cameras with mechanical (clockwork) shutters synchronization is supported by an electrical contact within the shutter mechanism, which closes the circuit at the appropriate moment in the shutter opening process. In electronic digital cameras, the mechanism is usually a programmable electronic timing circuit, which may, in some cameras, take input from a mechanical shutter contact. The flash is connected electrically to the camera either by a cable with a standardized coaxial PC 3.5 mm (1/8") connector, or via contacts in an accessory mount bracket. Faster shutter speeds are often better when there is significant ambient illumination, and flash is used to flash fill subjects that are backlit without motion blur, or to increase depth of field by using a small aperture. In another creative use, the photographer of a moving subject may deliberately combine a slow shutter speed with flash exposure in order to record motion blur of the ambient-lit regions of the image superimposed on the flash-lit regions.

text:
# Flash synchronization

In photography, **flash synchronization** or **flash sync** is the synchronizing the firing of a photographic flash with the opening of the shutter admitting light to photographic film or electronic image sensor.

In cameras with mechanical (clockwork) shutters synchronization is supported by an electrical contact within the shutter mechanism, which closes the circuit at the appropriate moment in the shutter opening process. In electronic digital cameras, the mechanism is usually a programmable electronic timing circuit, which may, in some cameras, take input from a mechanical shutter contact. The flash is connected electrically to the camera either by a cable with a standardized coaxial PC (for Prontor/Compur) 3.5 mm (1/8") connector (as defined in ISO 519), or via contacts in an *accessory mount* (hot shoe) bracket.

Faster shutter speeds are often better when there is significant ambient illumination, and flash is used to flash fill subjects that are backlit without motion blur, or to increase depth of field by using a small aperture. In another creative use, the photographer of a moving subject may deliberately combine a slow shutter speed with flash exposure in order to record motion blur of the ambient-lit regions of the image superimposed on the flash-lit regions.

## X sync

**X-sync** (for *xenon sync*) is the simplest mode; the xenon flash is fired at the instant the shutter is fully open. Electronic flash equipment produces a very short flash. X sync is a mode designed for use with electronic flash. In this mode, the timing of the contacts coincides exactly with the full opening of the shutter, since xenon flashes respond almost instantly.

Due to their construction, focal plane shutters, as used on most single-lens reflex cameras (SLRs), only allow normal xenon flash units to be used at shutter speeds slow enough that the entire shutter is open at once, typically at shutter speeds of 1/60 or slower, although some modern cameras may have an X-sync speed as high as 1/500 (e.g. Nikon's D40 DSLRs). Special electronic flash units for focal-plane shutters fire several times as the slit moves across the film. Electronic shutters used in some digital cameras do not have this limitation and may allow a very high X-sync speed.

## S, M, ME, F, FP, and V sync

Cameras designed for use with flash bulbs generally had one or more of S (slow) sync, M (medium) sync, F (fast) sync, or FP/FPX (flat peak) sync, designed for use with corresponding bulb types. These sync modes close the contacts a few milliseconds before the shutter is open, to give the flashbulb time to reach peak brightness before exposing the film. Class M bulbs reach their peak illumination 20 milliseconds after ignition, and class F lamps reach their peak at approximately 5 milliseconds.

FP sync was used with FP (flat-peak) flash bulbs designed specifically for use with focal-plane shutters. In these shutters, although each part of the film is exposed for the rated exposure time, the film is exposed by a slit which moves across the film in a time (the "X-sync speed") of the order of 1/100"; although the exposure of each part of the film may be 1/2000", the last part of the film is exposed later by the X-sync time than the first part, and a brief flash will illuminate only a strip of film. FP bulbs burned close to full brightness for the full X-sync time, giving time for the moving slit to expose the whole frame with the light of the flash.

The Nikon F offered FP, M, and ME bulb synchronizations, in addition to the X sync.

The Friedrich Deckel Synchro-Compur leaf shutter of the Braun Paxette Reflex offered V, X, and M flash synchronization, whereby V (German: "Vorlauf") was used in conjunction with self-timer.

## High-speed sync (HSS)

Some modern xenon flash units have the ability to produce a longer-duration flash to permit flash synchronization at shorter shutter speeds, therefore called **high-speed sync** (**HSS**). Instead of delivering one burst of light, the units deliver several smaller bursts over a time interval as short as 1/125 of a second. This allows light to be delivered to the entire area of the film or image sensor even though the shutter is never fully open at any moment, similar to FP sync.

## Rear-curtain sync

Many digital SLRs include an option to fire the flash just before the closing of the shutter, so that moving objects will show a streak where they came from and a sharp image where they were at the end of the exposure—useful for moving objects to convey a sense of speed. This mode is called *rear-curtain sync* or *2nd-curtain sync*.


title: 1952–53 Detroit Red Wings season

abstract: The 1952–53 Detroit Red Wings season was the Red Wings' 27th season.

text:
# 1952–53 Detroit Red Wings season

The **1952–53 Detroit Red Wings season** was the Red Wings' 27th season.

## Offseason

## Regular season

### Final standings

National Hockey League
|  |  | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA | DIFF | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Detroit Red Wings | 70 | 36 | 16 | 18 | 222 | 133 | +89 | 90 |
| 2 | Montreal Canadiens | 70 | 28 | 23 | 19 | 155 | 148 | +7 | 75 |
| 3 | Boston Bruins | 70 | 28 | 29 | 13 | 152 | 172 | −20 | 69 |
| 4 | Chicago Black Hawks | 70 | 27 | 28 | 15 | 169 | 175 | −6 | 69 |
| 5 | Toronto Maple Leafs | 70 | 27 | 30 | 13 | 156 | 167 | −11 | 67 |
| 6 | New York Rangers | 70 | 17 | 37 | 16 | 152 | 211 | −59 | 50 |

### Record vs. opponents

| 1952–53 NHL Records | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | **BOS** | **CHI** | **DET** | **MTL** | **NYR** | **TOR** |
| Boston |  | 4–5–5 | 2–10–2 | 9–2–3 | 5–7–2 | 8–5–1 |
| Chicago | 5–4–5 |  | 3–9–2 | 3–7–4 | 10–3–1 | 6–6–2 |
| Detroit | 10–2–2 | 9–3–2 |  | 4–4–6 | 7–3–4 | 7–4–3 |
| Montreal | 2–9–3 | 7–3–4 | 4–4–6 |  | 7–2–5 | 7–5–2 |
| New York | 7–5–2 | 3–10–1 | 3–7–4 | 2–7–5 |  | 2–8–4 |
| Toronto | 5–8–1 | 6–6–2 | 4–7–3 | 5–7–2 | 8–2–4 |  |

## Schedule and results

| No. | R | Date | Score | Opponent | Record |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | W | October 9, 1952 | 5–3 | New York Rangers (1952–53) | 1–0–0 |
| 2 | L | October 11, 1952 | 1–2 | @ Montreal Canadiens (1952–53) | 1–1–0 |
| 3 | T | October 12, 1952 | 4–4 | Toronto Maple Leafs (1952–53) | 1–1–1 |
| 4 | T | October 14, 1952 | 1–1 | @ Chicago Black Hawks (1952–53) | 1–1–2 |
| 5 | W | October 16, 1952 | 7–0 | Chicago Black Hawks (1952–53) | 2–1–2 |
| 6 | W | October 19, 1952 | 6–1 | Montreal Canadiens (1952–53) | 3–1–2 |
| 8 | L | October 25, 1952 | 0–9 | @ Montreal Canadiens (1952–53) | 3–3–2 |
| 9 | L | October 26, 1952 | 2–3 | @ New York Rangers (1952–53) | 3–4–2 |
| 10 | W | October 30, 1952 | 4–1 | Boston Bruins (1952–53) | 4–4–2 |
| 11 | L | November 2, 1952 | 2–4 | Toronto Maple Leafs (1952–53) | 4–5–2 |
| 12 | L | November 6, 1952 | 0–2 | @ Boston Bruins (1952–53) | 4–6–2 |
| 13 | T | November 8, 1952 | 3–3 | @ Toronto Maple Leafs (1952–53) | 4–6–3 |
| 14 | W | November 9, 1952 | 3–1 | New York Rangers (1952–53) | 5–6–3 |
| 15 | W | November 13, 1952 | 3–0 | Boston Bruins (1952–53) | 6–6–3 |
| 16 | W | November 16, 1952 | 5–2 | @ Boston Bruins (1952–53) | 7–6–3 |
| 17 | T | November 19, 1952 | 2–2 | @ New York Rangers (1952–53) | 7–6–4 |
| 18 | W | November 22, 1952 | 10–1 | Chicago Black Hawks (1952–53) | 8–6–4 |
| 19 | L | November 23, 1952 | 0–3 | @ Chicago Black Hawks (1952–53) | 8–7–4 |
| 20 | T | November 27, 1952 | 2–2 | Montreal Canadiens (1952–53) | 8–7–5 |
| 21 | W | November 29, 1952 | 3–1 | @ Toronto Maple Leafs (1952–53) | 9–7–5 |
| 22 | W | November 30, 1952 | 4–1 | Toronto Maple Leafs (1952–53) | 10–7–5 |
| 23 | W | December 4, 1952 | 5–3 | New York Rangers (1952–53) | 11–7–5 |
| 24 | W | December 6, 1952 | 2–0 | @ Chicago Black Hawks (1952–53) | 12–7–5 |
| 25 | T | December 7, 1952 | 1–1 | Boston Bruins (1952–53) | 12–7–6 |
| 26 | W | December 11, 1952 | 10–1 | @ Boston Bruins (1952–53) | 13–7–6 |
| 27 | W | December 13, 1952 | 3–1 | @ Toronto Maple Leafs (1952–53) | 14–7–6 |
| 28 | T | December 14, 1952 | 0–0 | Montreal Canadiens (1952–53) | 14–7–7 |
| 29 | T | December 18, 1952 | 1–1 | Toronto Maple Leafs (1952–53) | 14–7–8 |
| 30 | T | December 20, 1952 | 1–1 | New York Rangers (1952–53) | 14–7–9 |
| 31 | W | December 21, 1952 | 5–2 | @ New York Rangers (1952–53) | 15–7–9 |
| 32 | T | December 25, 1952 | 3–3 | Chicago Black Hawks (1952–53) | 15–7–10 |
| 33 | T | December 27, 1952 | 2–2 | @ Montreal Canadiens (1952–53) | 15–7–11 |
| 34 | W | December 28, 1952 | 7–1 | Boston Bruins (1952–53) | 16–7–11 |
| 35 | L | December 31, 1952 | 0–2 | Montreal Canadiens (1952–53) | 16–8–11 |
| 36 | W | January 4, 1953 | 5–3 | Chicago Black Hawks (1952–53) | 17–8–11 |
| 37 | W | January 8, 1953 | 4–0 | Boston Bruins (1952–53) | 18–8–11 |
| 38 | W | January 11, 1953 | 5–2 | Toronto Maple Leafs (1952–53) | 19–8–11 |
| 39 | L | January 14, 1953 | 2–3 | @ New York Rangers (1952–53) | 19–9–11 |
| 40 | W | January 15, 1953 | 4–0 | @ Boston Bruins (1952–53) | 20–9–11 |
| 41 | T | January 17, 1953 | 1–1 | @ Montreal Canadiens (1952–53) | 20–9–12 |
| 42 | L | January 18, 1953 | 2–3 | Montreal Canadiens (1952–53) | 20–10–12 |
| 43 | L | January 22, 1953 | 2–8 | New York Rangers (1952–53) | 20–11–12 |
| 44 | L | January 24, 1953 | 0–2 | @ Toronto Maple Leafs (1952–53) | 20–12–12 |
| 45 | T | January 25, 1953 | 3–3 | Montreal Canadiens (1952–53) | 20–12–13 |
| 46 | W | January 29, 1953 | 5–2 | @ Chicago Black Hawks (1952–53) | 21–12–13 |
| 47 | W | January 31, 1953 | 4–0 | Chicago Black Hawks (1952–53) | 22–12–13 |
| 48 | W | February 1, 1953 | 5–1 | Toronto Maple Leafs (1952–53) | 23–12–13 |
| 49 | T | February 5, 1953 | 3–3 | New York Rangers (1952–53) | 23–12–14 |
| 50 | W | February 7, 1953 | 3–1 | @ Montreal Canadiens (1952–53) | 24–12–14 |
| 51 | W | February 8, 1953 | 5–3 | @ Boston Bruins (1952–53) | 25–12–14 |
| 52 | T | February 11, 1953 | 2–2 | @ New York Rangers (1952–53) | 25–12–15 |
| 53 | L | February 12, 1953 | 1–3 | @ Boston Bruins (1952–53) | 25–13–15 |
| 54 | W | February 15, 1953 | 4–1 | @ Chicago Black Hawks (1952–53) | 26–13–15 |
| 55 | W | February 16, 1953 | 3–1 | Chicago Black Hawks (1952–53) | 27–13–15 |
| 56 | L | February 18, 1953 | 0–2 | @ Toronto Maple Leafs (1952–53) | 27–14–15 |
| 57 | W | February 19, 1953 | 4–1 | @ Montreal Canadiens (1952–53) | 28–14–15 |
| 58 | W | February 22, 1953 | 2–1 | @ New York Rangers (1952–53) | 29–14–15 |
| 59 | W | February 28, 1953 | 4–3 | @ Montreal Canadiens (1952–53) | 30–14–15 |
| 60 | W | March 2, 1953 | 10–2 | Boston Bruins (1952–53) | 31–14–15 |
| 61 | W | March 5, 1953 | 7–1 | New York Rangers (1952–53) | 32–14–15 |
| 62 | W | March 7, 1953 | 3–0 | @ Toronto Maple Leafs (1952–53) | 33–14–15 |
| 63 | W | March 8, 1953 | 3–1 | Toronto Maple Leafs (1952–53) | 34–14–15 |
| 64 | W | March 11, 1953 | 2–0 | @ New York Rangers (1952–53) | 35–14–15 |
| 65 | T | March 12, 1953 | 2–2 | @ Boston Bruins (1952–53) | 35–14–16 |
| 66 | L | March 14, 1953 | 1–3 | Chicago Black Hawks (1952–53) | 35–15–16 |
| 67 | T | March 15, 1953 | 0–0 | @ Chicago Black Hawks (1952–53) | 35–15–17 |
| 68 | W | March 19, 1953 | 6–1 | Boston Bruins (1952–53) | 36–15–17 |
| 69 | L | March 21, 1953 | 3–4 | @ Chicago Black Hawks (1952–53) | 36–16–17 |
| 70 | T | March 22, 1953 | 1–1 | Montreal Canadiens (1952–53) | 36–16–18 |

## Playoffs

## Player statistics

### Regular season

Scoring

| Player | Pos | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Gordie Howe | RW | 70 | 49 | 46 | 95 | 57 |
| Ted Lindsay | LW | 70 | 32 | 39 | 71 | 111 |
| Alex Delvecchio | C/LW | 70 | 16 | 43 | 59 | 28 |
| Metro Prystai | C | 70 | 16 | 34 | 50 | 12 |
| Red Kelly | D/C | 70 | 19 | 27 | 46 | 8 |
| Johnny Wilson | LW | 70 | 23 | 19 | 42 | 22 |
| Marty Pavelich | LW | 64 | 13 | 20 | 33 | 49 |
| Tony Leswick | W | 70 | 15 | 12 | 27 | 87 |
| Glen Skov | C/LW | 70 | 12 | 15 | 27 | 54 |
| Marcel Pronovost | D | 68 | 8 | 19 | 27 | 72 |
| Reg Sinclair | RW/C | 69 | 11 | 12 | 23 | 36 |
| Bob Goldham | D | 70 | 1 | 13 | 14 | 32 |
| Marcel Bonin | W | 37 | 4 | 9 | 13 | 14 |
| Benny Woit | RW/D | 70 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 40 |
| Jim Hay | D | 42 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 2 |
| Larry Wilson | C | 15 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 6 |
| Lou Jankowski | C/RW | 22 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Red Almas | G | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Bill Folk | D | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Glenn Hall | G | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Terry Sawchuk | G | 63 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Vic Stasiuk | LW | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Larry Zeidel | D | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 |

Goaltending

| Player | MIN | GP | W | L | T | GA | GAA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Terry Sawchuk | 3780 | 63 | 32 | 15 | 16 | 120 | 1.90 | 9 |
| Glenn Hall | 360 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 1.67 | 1 |
| Red Almas | 60 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3.00 | 0 |
| **Team:** | 4200 | 70 | 36 | 16 | 18 | 133 | 1.90 | 10 |

### Playoffs

Scoring

| Player | Pos | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ted Lindsay | LW | 6 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 6 |
| Metro Prystai | C | 6 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 2 |
| Gordie Howe | RW | 6 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 2 |
| Johnny Wilson | LW | 6 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 0 |
| Alex Delvecchio | C/LW | 6 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 2 |
| Benny Woit | RW/D | 6 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 0 |
| Red Kelly | D/C | 6 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| Marty Pavelich | LW | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 7 |
| Bob Goldham | D | 6 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Tony Leswick | W | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 11 |
| Reg Sinclair | RW/C | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Glen Skov | C/LW | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Marcel Bonin | W | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Guyle Fielder | C | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Jim Hay | D | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Steve Hrymnak | D | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Lou Jankowski | C/RW | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Marcel Pronovost | D | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Terry Sawchuk | G | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 |

Goaltending

| Player | MIN | GP | W | L | GA | GAA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Terry Sawchuk | 372 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 21 | 3.39 | 1 |
| **Team:** | 372 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 21 | 3.39 | 1 |

Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/- = Plus-minus PIM = Penalty minutes; PPG = Power-play goals; SHG = Short-handed goals; GWG = Game-winning goals;
MIN = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals-against average; SO = Shutouts;

## Awards and records

| Prince of Wales Trophy (Best regular-season record) |
| --- |
| Art Ross Trophy (Top scorer): Gordie Howe |
| Hart Trophy (Most valuable player): Gordie Howe |
| Lady Byng Memorial Trophy (Excellence and sportsmanship): Red Kelly |
| Vezina Trophy (Goaltender of team with best goals-against record): Terry Sawchuk |

### All-Star teams

| First team | Position |
| --- | --- |
| Terry Sawchuk |  |
| Red Kelly |  |
| Gordie Howe | RW |
| Ted Lindsay | LW |
| Second team | Position |
| Alex Delvecchio |  |

## Transactions

The following is a list of all **transactions** that have occurred for the Detroit Red Wings during the **1952–53 NHL season**. It lists which team each player has been traded to and for which player(s) or other consideration(s), if applicable.

## InfoBox

| 1952–53 Detroit Red Wings | |
| --- | --- |
| Division | 1st NHL |
| 1952–53 record | 36–16–18 |
| Goals for | 222 |
| Goals against | 133 |
| Team information | |
| General manager | Jack Adams |
| Coach | Tommy Ivan |
| Captain | Ted Lindsay |
| Alternate captains | Red Kelly |
| Team leaders | |
| Goals | Gordie Howe (49) |
| Assists | Gordie Howe (46) |
| Points | Gordie Howe (95) |
| Penalty minutes | Ted Lindsay (111) |
| Wins | Terry Sawchuk (32) |
| Goals against average | Glenn Hall (1.67) |
|


title: Atanasio de Urioste

abstract: Atanasio de Urioste de las Carreras was a Bolivian merchant and magnate and the founder of the Urioste family. He attained a great fortune through his commerce and became one of the richest men in the nascent nation of Bolivia. His descendants include the famed Princess of La Glorieta, a very popular figure in Bolivia, Atanasio de Urioste Velasco, and the industrialist Armando Julio Urioste Arana.

text:
# Atanasio de Urioste

**Atanasio de Urioste de las Carreras** (2 May 1798 - 5 January 1864) was a Bolivian merchant and magnate and the founder of the Urioste family. He attained a great fortune through his commerce and became one of the richest men in the nascent nation of Bolivia. His descendants include the famed Princess of La Glorieta, a very popular figure in Bolivia, Atanasio de Urioste Velasco, and the industrialist Armando Julio Urioste Arana.

## Life

He was the son of Juan Gregorio de Urioste del Valle and Eugenia Lucía de Las Carreras de los Heros, natives of what is now the metropolitan region of Bilbao, in Spain. During his childhood, the province of Vizcaya had been devastated by the Napoleonic Wars and, as such, his father would send him to Buenos Aires at the age of 14 to live under the tutelage of his maternal uncle, Don Manuel de las Carreras.

Once he was a young adult, he would move to the city of Potosí, in Bolivia, where he would establish a mercantile route connecting it to the port city of Arica. Transporting silver and other resources from Upper Peru to the global market, Urioste became very wealthy and, as such, came to be a powerful figure in the new Bolivian Republic.

It was in Potosí that he founded the *Casa Urioste*, a house of commerce established for the mercantile route he established. This would be his main source of income and later he would expand to the mining industry.

In Potosí he would meet and later marry Micaela Dionisia Gómez Martínez, the daughter of the royal governor of Salta, Miguel Francisco Gómez.

## Marriage and children

Married to Micaela Gómez, Urioste would have six children: Melitón; Lorenza Pastora; Juan Manuel; Ezequiel; María Encarnación; and Rosa Petronila. Through his eldest son, Melitón, he is an ancestor of the Princess of La Glorieta, Atanasio de Urioste Velasco, and of the magnate and industrialist Armando Julio Urioste Arana.

1. Quiroga Morales, Mario (2009-12-07). "El principado de "La Glorieta"". Google.ca. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
2. "Historia de la familia Urioste - Rafael Urioste López - Google Books". Google.ca. 2002. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
3. "LIBRO NÂº 214 Raíces 3 ENTREGADO.doc" (PDF). Retrieved 2022-09-07.
4. "Revista de estudios históricos - Google Books". Google.ca. 2008-05-29. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
5. "Revista chilena de historia y geografнa - Google Books". Google.ca. 2008-04-29. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
6. "Ver - Academia de Ciencias Genealógicas y Heráldicas de Bolivia".
7. *Paseo genealógico por la Argentina y Bolivia - Juan Isidro Quesada - Google Books*. Google.ca. 2006. ISBN 9789872130213. Retrieved 2022-09-07.

## InfoBox

| Atanasio de Urioste | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | José Atanasio Cecilio de Urioste de las Carreras
(1798-05-02)2 May 1798
Bilbao, Spain |
| Died | 5 January 1864(1864-01-05) (aged 65)
Sucre, Bolivia |
| Resting place | General Cemetery of Sucre |
| Citizenship | Bolivian |
| Occupation | Merchant |
| Spouse | Micaela Dionisia Gómez Martínez |
| Children | 6 |


title: 1946 in Turkey

abstract: Events in the year 1946 in Turkey.

text:
# 1946 in Turkey

Events in the year **1946 in Turkey**.

## Parliament

## Incumbents

Şükrü Saracoğlu ( up to 7 August) Recep Peker (from 7 August) Celal Bayar (from 7 January)

## Ruling party and the main opposition

## Cabinet

14th government of Turkey (up to 7 August) 15th government of Turkey (from 7 August)

## Events

* 7 January – Democrat Party (DP) was founded
* 29 March – Treaty with Iraq
* 5 April – USS *Missouri* (BB-63) carried the remains of the Turkish Ambassador to the United States, Münir Ertegün, from New York to İstanbul
* 31 May – 1946 Varto–Hınıs earthquake
* 21 July – General elections (CHP 396 seats, DP 61 seats, Independents7 seats)
* 8 August – Soviet Union proposed to change the status of the straits
* 21 October – Turkey rejected Soviet proposal
* 7 September – Devaluation
* 18 December – DP boycotted the parliament (ended on 26 December)

## Births

## Deaths

1. Türkiye'nin 70 yılı, Tempo, İstanbul, 1998, pp 97–100
2. Jalalzai, Farida (28 March 2013). *Shattered, Cracked, Or Firmly Intact?: Women and the Executive Glass Ceiling Worldwide*. OUP USA. p. 214. ISBN 978-0-19-994353-1.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Centuries: |  |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: | List of years in Turkey |


title: 1976 World Championship for Sports Cars

abstract:
The 1976 World Championship for Makes was part of the 24th season of FIA World Sportscar Championship motor racing. It was a series for production based cars from the following FIA categories
  - Group 5 Special Production Cars
  - Group 4 Special Grand Touring Cars
  - Group 3 Series Production Grand Touring Cars
  - Group 2 Touring Cars
  - Group 1 Series Production Touring Cars The series ran from 21 March 1976 to 4 September 1976, and comprised 7 races in total. The championship was won by Porsche.

text:
# 1976 World Championship for Sports Cars

The **1976 World Championship for Makes** was part of the 24th season of FIA World Sportscar Championship motor racing. It was a series for production based cars from the following FIA categories

The series ran from 21 March 1976 to 4 September 1976, and comprised 7 races in total.

The championship was won by Porsche.

## World Sportscar Championship

Following the 1975 season, the FIA chose to divide the World Championship into two series that would run simultaneously but separately. Open-cockpit sportscars (formerly known as FIA Group 5 Sports Cars, now officially FIA Group 6 Two-Seater Racing Cars) would transfer from the World Championship for Makes to a new World Championship for Sports Cars, while production-based cars (such as the new Group 5 Special Production Cars) would contest the World Championship for Makes. Events in which both types of car ran, such as the 24 Hours of Le Mans, were not counted towards either championship.

## World Championship for Makes

### Schedule

| Rnd | Race | Circuit | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | March Trophy (6 Hours) | Mugello Circuit | 21 March |
| 2 | Trofeo Ignazio Giunti (6 Hours) | Vallelunga | 4 April |
| 3 | 6 Hours of Silverstone | Silverstone Circuit | 9 May |
| 4 | ADAC 1000km Nürburgring | Nürburgring | 30 May |
| 5 | Martha 1000 (6 Hours) | Österreichring | 27 June |
| 6 | 6 Hours of Watkins Glen | Watkins Glen International | 10 July |
| 7 | ACF 6 Hours of Dijon | Dijon-Prenois | 4 September |

### Race results

| Rnd | Circuit | Overall Winning Team | Results |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Overall Winning Drivers | |
| | | Overall Winning Car | |
| 1 | Mugello Circuit | **#4 Martini Racing** | Results |
| | Jochen Mass
Jacky Ickx | |
| | Porsche 935 | |
| 2 | Vallelunga | **#1 Martini Racing** | Results |
| | Jochen Mass
Jacky Ickx | |
| | Porsche 935 | |
| 3 | Silverstone | **#4 Hermetite BMW** | Results |
| | John Fitzpatrick
Tom Walkinshaw | |
| | BMW 3.5 CSL | |
| 4 | Nürburgring | **#7 Schnitzer Motorsport** | Results |
| | Albrecht Krebs
Dieter Quester | |
| | BMW 3.5 CSL | |
| 5 | Österreichring | **#12 Schnitzer Motorsport** | Results |
| | Dieter Quester
Gunnar Nilsson | |
| | BMW 3.5 CSL | |
| 6 | Watkins Glen | **#4 Martini Racing** | Results |
| | Rolf Stommelen
Manfred Schurti | |
| | Porsche 935 | |
| 7 | Dijon | **#1 Martini Racing** | Results |
| | Jochen Mass
Jacky Ickx | |
| | Porsche 935 | |

### Championship results

Points were awarded to the top 10 finishers in the order of 20-15-12-10-8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only given points for their highest finishing car with any other cars from that manufacturer merely skipped in the points allocation. Only the best 5 points finishes for each make counted towards the championship with any other points earned not included in the totals. Discarded points are shown in the table below within brackets.

| Pos | Manufacturer | Rd 1 | Rd 2 | Rd 3 | Rd 4 | Rd 5 | Rd 6 | Rd 7 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Porsche | 20 | 20 | (15) | 15 | (12) | 20 | 20 | **95** |
| 2 | BMW | (3) | 15 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 10 | (6) | **85** |
| 3 | Ford | 2 |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | **8** |
| 4 | De Tomaso |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | **5** |
| 5= | Lancia |  | 3 |  |  |  |  |  | **3** |
| 5= | MG |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | **3** |

In addition to the outright championship the FIA also awarded three Divisional titles. Division 1 was for cars with an engine capacity of up to 2000cc, Division 2 for cars from 2001 to 3000cc and Division 3 for those above 3000cc.

#### Division 1

| Pos | Manufacturer | Rd 1 | Rd 2 | Rd 3 | Rd 4 | Rd 5 | Rd 6 | Rd 7 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ford | 20 | 20 | 20 | - | 15 | - | - | **75** |
| 2 | BMW | 15 | - | - | 20 | 20 | - | - | **55** |
| 3 | Alpine | 12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | **12** |
| 4 | Volkswagen | - | - | - | 6 | - | - | - | **6** |

#### Division 2

| Pos | Manufacturer | Rd 1 | Rd 2 | Rd 3 | Rd 4 | Rd 5 | Rd 6 | Rd 7 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Porsche | (20) | (20) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | **100** |

#### Division 3

| Pos | Manufacturer | Rd 1 | Rd 2 | Rd 3 | Rd 4 | Rd 5 | Rd 6 | Rd 7 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Porsche | 20 | 20 | (15) | (15) | 15 | 20 | 20 | **95** |
| 2 | BMW | (6) | 15 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 10 | (6) | **85** |
| 3 | De Tomaso | - | 6 | - | 6 | 6 | - | - | **18** |
| 4 | MG | - | - | 6 | - | - | - | - | **6** |
| 5 | Opel | - | - | - | 4 | - | - | - | **4** |

1. FIA Yearbook, 1977, Grey Section, pages 85-86
2. Janos L. Wimpffe, Time and Two Seats, 1999, page 1043


abstract: BTCL or Bangladesh Telecommunications Company Limited is the largest telecommunications company in Bangladesh. The company was founded as the Bangladesh Telegraph & Telephone Board (BTTB) following Bangladesh's independence in 1971. On 1 July 2008, the BTTB became a public limited company and was renamed as BTCL. The Bangladesh government initially owned all BTCL shares, but stated it would sell the shares to the public the following year. The estimated value of BTCL is ৳15,000 crore. BTCL has a total of 12,636 officials and staff. BTCL provides land-line telephone services in Bangladesh's urban areas, including domestic long-distance calling and international services as well as internet services. In 2004, the Bangladesh Government issued a number of PSTN licenses to private companies, but they were barred from providing services in the lucrative Dhaka market. The monopoly held by BTCL was broken when other operators started to receive licenses from 2007.

text:
# Bangladesh Telecommunications Company Limited

**BTCL** or **Bangladesh Telecommunications Company Limited** is the largest telecommunications company in Bangladesh. The company was founded as the **Bangladesh Telegraph & Telephone Board** (**BTTB**) following Bangladesh's independence in 1971. On 1 July 2008, the BTTB became a public limited company and was renamed as BTCL. The Bangladesh government initially owned all BTCL shares, but stated it would sell the shares to the public the following year. The estimated value of BTCL is ৳15,000 crore (৳150 billion). BTCL has a total of 12,636 officials and staff.

BTCL provides land-line telephone services in Bangladesh's urban areas, including domestic long-distance calling and international services as well as internet services. In 2004, the Bangladesh Government issued a number of PSTN licenses to private companies, but they were barred from providing services in the lucrative Dhaka market (which accounts for the majority of the nationwide market). The monopoly held by BTCL was broken when other operators started to receive licenses from 2007.

## History

### Early history

The Telegraph branch under the Posts and Telegraph Department was created in 1853 in the then British India and was regulated afterwards under the Telegraph Act-1885. The Telegraph branch was reconstructed in 1962 in the then East Pakistan as Pakistan Telegraph and Telephone Department.

### Post-independence

Following Bangladesh's independence, the Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Department was set up under the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications in 1971. This was converted into a corporate body named 'Telegraph and Telephone Board' by promulgation of Telegraph and Telephone Board Ordinance, 1975. Pursuant to a 1979 ordinance, the Telegraph and Telephone Board was converted into a government board named the Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board (BTTB).

### Bangladesh Telecommunications Company Limited

On 1 July 2008, BTTB transformed to a government-owned Public Limited Company under a new name of Bangladesh Telecommunications Company Limited BTCL. BTCL has launched a 24-hour call centre for customers. Customers in Dhaka will be able to call the number and reach the BTCL for enquiry, according to a company media release. BTCL runs a red telephone exchange for the VIPs which is secured and always live.

## Internet services

BTCL provides dial-up Internet access in all 64 districts of the country, making it the most-accessible Internet service provider in the country. As of January 2009 its total dial-up subscriber is 32,433. Since the beginning of 2007 BTCL have improved its Dial-up Internet service for better customer satisfaction. It also handles the .bd domain.

BTCL provides consumer-level broadband Internet services under the branding of BCUBE. The service is provided through ADSL2+ technology. BTCL has outsourced its BCUBE sales and customer support to EMEM Systems Ltd, System & Services Ltd (SSL) and Sisview Technologies Ltd. Till now btcl have got about 15,000 customers. BTCL's monthly income about ৳19,000,000 per month from this service.

The state-owned telephony firm will develop a broadband wireless access network across the country soon with Korean help to provide uninterrupted upgraded services to its clients, officials said. Bangladesh Telecommunications Company Limited (BTCL) in cooperation with Korean Economic Development Cooperation Fund (EDCF) will establish the modern network.

## Satellites

Bangladesh's first satellite on Earth's orbit will have 40 transponders to provide telecommunications and broadcast services. US-based Space Partnership International (SPI) has already started designing the satellite and will also help launch it under a contract signed with the government. The two ground stations that will control the satellite will be built at Gazipur's Joydebpur and Rangamati's Betbunia on the land owned by Bangladesh Telecommunications Company Limited (BTCL). The government plans to have the satellite, named after the Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, sent to space by June 2017.

## Bill defaults

BTCL Managing Director eng Mahfuz Uddin Ahmed said it undertook a scheme to realise the outstanding phone bills from government and private agencies, and general customers by giving them 5–6 months. "If this flexible approach fails to realise the dues, we'll take legal action against the defaulters," he added. Mahfuz also said they were trying to realise outstanding phone bills of ৳1,062 crore (৳10.62 billion) from different international call carriers through legal procedure. According to BTCL statistics, government agencies owe ৳102.46 crore, semi-govt organisations ৳12.10 crore, private agencies ৳313.18 crore, Bangladesh Railway ৳1.12 crore, and newspapers/agencies ৳1.17 crore to BTCL. Besides, ৳247.65 crore have been due as some telephone lines were disconnected due to non-payment of bills. Moreover, 15 foreign private carriers (pre-paid system) have a total of ৳10.93 crore due to BTCL, while 52 foreign private carriers (post-paid system) ৳989.11 crore and 26 national foreign carriers ৳73.55 crore. BTCL Director (international) Sharifuzzaman said international calls enter Bangladesh using BTCL's network and the call carriers have to pay ৳1.5 cent per minute.

## Graft and controversy

* Bangladesh Telecommunications Company Limited (BTCL) suffered revenue loss of at least ৳2,000 crore in last six years due to corruption, revealed a TIB study 31 April 2014. Transparency International Bangladesh (TIB) identified tampering with the BTCL's international call records as one of its major corrupted areas.
* Bangladesh's state-owned telecommunications company is refusing to reconnect a British firm to the country's network despite having been ordered to do so by the courts. London-based Zamir Telecom has been cut off from the Bangladesh network since March, causing it significant financial damage. Bangladesh's controversial telecoms minister, Abdul Latif Siddique, has admitted giving the order for the disconnection of Zamir Telecom from the Bangladesh Telecommunications Company Limited (BTCL). This was in breach of a 2010 court order overturning a similar situation. Zamir Telecom successfully challenged BTCL in a Dhaka court in early May when judges ordered the firm's reconnection within 36 hours. But the court order was ignored again. This is purportedly because of an ongoing arbitration process between BTCL and Zamir Telecom over disputed invoicing, despite judges saying the connection must be maintained alongside the talks.
* The Anti-Corruption Commission on 25 August 2013, approved filing four cases against 22 people, including Managing Director SOM Kalim Ullah and three other former managing directors of Bangladesh Telecommunications Company Limited, in connection with embezzling over ৳5.75bn through illegal Voice over Internet Protocol business. ACC Commissioner M Shahabuddin said the commission had approved filing the cases at a recent meeting. "Since we have found their involvement in the graft allegation the commission has taken the decision." BTCL Managing Director SOM Kalim Ullah, former managing directors SM Khabiruzzaman, Afsar-ul-Alam and AM Abu Sayed Khan, former member (maintenance and operation) Mohammad Tawfiq, former divisional engineers Ronel Chakma and Habibur Rahman Pramanik, Ericsson Bangladesh Ltd's Contract Manager Asif Jahid, Relation Manager Nazrul Islam and engineer Masrurul Hakim will be made accused in the cases. ACC officials said the BTCL officials in connivance with Ericsson Bangladesh Ltd embezzled the money by erasing incoming international call minutes from call detail record of ITX-5 and ITX-7.

## InfoBox

Bangladesh Telecommunications Company Limited (BTCL)
|
|  |
| Native name | বাংলাদেশ টেলিকমিউনিকেশন্স কোম্পানি লিমিটেড (বিটিসিএল) |
| Formerly | Bangladesh Telegraph & Telephone Board (BTTB) |
| Industry | Telecommunications |
| Founded | * 1971 (as BTTB) * 1 July 2008 (2008-07-01) (as BTCL) |
| Headquarters | BTCL 37/E Eskaton Garden, Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| Owner | Government of Bangladesh |
| Website | btcl.gov.bd btcl.bd |


title: Azohouè-Aliho

abstract: Azohouè-Aliho is a town and arrondissement in the Atlantique Department of southern Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Tori-Bossito. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 2,258.

text:
# Azohouè-Aliho

**Azohouè-Aliho** is a town and arrondissement in the Atlantique Department of southern Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Tori-Bossito. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 2,258.

6°49′08″N 2°11′15″E / 6.8189°N 2.1876°E / 6.8189; 2.1876

## InfoBox

| Azohouè-Aliho | |
| --- | --- |
| Arrondissement and town | |
| Country | Benin |
| Department | Atlantique Department |
| Commune | Tori-Bossito |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 2,258 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (WAT) |


title: 2007 Manx Grand Prix

text:
# 2007 Manx Grand Prix

## Practice Monday 20 August – Saturday 26 August 2007

### Senior Manx Grand Prix Leaderboard and Practice Times

| Rank | Rider | Mon 20 Aug | Tues 21 Aug | Wed 22 Aug | Fri 24 Aug | Sat 25 Aug | Mon 27 Aug |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Mats Nilsson
600 cc Honda | 19' 54.98
113.655 mph | 19' 34.39
115.658 mph | 20' 14.74
111.816 mph | 19' 30.34
116.058 mph | 22' 40.07
99.868 mph | **19' 13.43
117.760 mph** |
| 2 | Michael Weldon
600 cc Yamaha | 19' 58.15
113.365 mph | 19' 36.22
115.478 mph | 19' 28.29
116.202 mph | 20' 00.47
113.146 mph | ——
No Time | **19' 21.55
116.937 mph** |
| 3 | Shane Connor
600 cc Yamaha | ——
No Time | ——
No Time | 19' 41.87
114.926 mph | 19' 28.39
116.252 mph | 22' 18.89
101.448 mph | **19' 28.42
116.250 mph** |
| 4 | Adam Barclay
750 cc Suzuki | 20' 01.37
113.061 mph | **19' 33.63
115.734 mph** | 20' 00.47
113.146 mph | 19' 40.41
115.068 mph | 19' 43.32
114.785 mph | ——
No Time |
| 5 | Derek Brien
750 cc Suzuki | ——
No Time | ——
No Time | ——
No Time | ——
No Time | ——
No Time | **19' 40.74
115.036 mph** |
| 6 | James McCullagh
750 cc Suzuki | ——
No Time | 20' 45.76
109.032 mph | **19' 41.81
114.448 mph** | ——
No Time | ——
No Time | ——
No Time |
| 7 | Phil McGurk
750 cc Suzuki | 20' 52.23
108.469 mph | **19' 49.24
114.214 mph** | ——
No Time | 20' 43.71
109.212 mph | ——
No Time | ——
No Time |
| 8 | Andy Jackson
750 cc Suzuki | 20' 44.03
109.184 mph | 20' 05.64
112.661 mph | **19' 50.49
114.094 mph** | 20' 08.28
112.415 mph | 22' 33.93
99.879 mph | ——
No Time |
| 9 | Simon Fulton
600 cc Honda | 20' 11.21
112.143 mph | 19' 58.68
113.314 mph | **19' 50.70
114.074 mph** | 19' 48.44
114.291 mph | 20' 37.07
114.720 mph | 19' 49.81
114.159 mph |
| 10 | Ryan McKay
600 cc Honda | 20' 52.23
108.469 mph | 19' 57.85
113.393 mph | ——
No Time | **19' 53.04
113.851 mph** | 23' 20.54
96.983 mph | 20' 15.22
111.773 mph |

## Race results

### Newcomers Race A

Monday 27 August 2007 – Mountain Course 4 laps – 150.92 miles (242.80 km)

* Four-stroke Four-cylinder motorcycles exceeding 550 cc and not exceeding 750 cc.
* Twin/three-cylinder motorcycles exceeding 601 cc and not exceeding 1000 cc.

| Rank | Rider | Team | Speed | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Andrew Brady | 750 cc Suzuki | 109.107 mph | 1:22.59.61 |
| 2 | Russell Mountford | 599 cc Yamaha | 107.888 mph | 1:20.22.88 |
| 3 | Justin Croft | 600 cc Yamaha | 107.678 mph | 1:24.05.72 |
| 4 | Noel Patterson | 750 cc Suzuki | 107.256 mph | 1:24.25.55 |
| 5 | Paul Gartland | 750 cc Suzuki | 104.660 mph | 1:26.31.20 |
| 6 | Sergio Romero | 599 cc Honda | 103.727 mph | 1:27.17.88 |
| 7 | Ian Gilder | 750 cc Suzuki | 103.637 mph | 1:27.22.47 |
| 8 | Michael Russell | 600 cc Suzuki | 103.455 mph | 1:27.31.69 |
| 9 | James McCann | 750 cc Suzuki | 103.346 mph | 1:27.37.22 |
| 10 | Adrian Louge | 749 cc Suzuki | 102.962 mph | 1:27.56.85 |

* Fastest Lap No 6. Andrew Brady – 19 minutes 22.85 seconds 116.806 mph

### Newcomers Race C

Monday 27 August 2007 – Mountain Course 4 laps – 150.92 miles (242.80 km)

* Two-stroke motorcycles exceeding 125 cc and 6 gears.
* Four-stroke motorcycles exceeding 251 cc and not exceeding 400 cc.

| Rank | Rider | Team | Speed | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Oliver Linsdell | 398 cc Yamaha | 102.830 mph | 1:28.03.57 |
| 2 | David Yeomans | 400 cc Honda | 89.059 mph | 1:41.40.55 |
| 3 | Brian Clarke | 400 cc Yamaha | 88.853 mph | 1:41.54.72 |
| 4 | Roberto Airoldi | 399 cc Kawasaki | 87.680 mph | 1:43.16.52 |
| 5 | Brenden Stone | 400 cc Kawasaki | 87.909 mph | 1:46.38.77 |
| 6 | Ian Griffiths | 400 cc Honda | 87.796 mph | 1:46.47.30 |
| 7 | Jimmy Aspinall | 399 cc Honda | 82.437 mph | 1:49.50.62 |

* Fastest Lap No 48 Oliver Linsdell – 21 minutes 25.12 seconds 105.693 mph

### Senior Classic Race

Monday 27 August 2007 – Mountain Course 4 laps – 150.92 miles (242.80 km)

* For motorcycles exceeding 350 cc and not exceeding 500 cc.

| Rank | Rider | Team | Speed | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ryan Farquhar | 500 cc BIC Paton | 107.576 mph | 1:24.44.19 |
| 2 | Chris Palmer | 500 cc Matchless | 106.863 mph | 1:24.44.19 |
| 3 | Steve Linsdell | 500 cc BIC Paton | 106.823 mph | 1:24.46.10 |
| 4 | Mark Parrett | 499 cc G50 Matchless | 103.670 mph | 1:27.20.81 |
| 5 | Alan Brew | 496 cc G50 Seeley | 103.41.95 mph | 1:27.41.95 |
| 6 | Wattie Brown | 500 cc Petty Manx | 102.703 mph | 1:28.10.12 |
| 7 | John Goodall | 496 cc Matchless G50 | 102.188 mph | 1:28.36.78 |
| 8 | Dave Madsen-Mygdal | 499 cc Honda | 101.175 mph | 1:29.30.05 |
| 9 | Steve Elliot | 499 cc Honda | 100.711 mph | 1:29.54.74 |
| 10 | Bob Price | 500 cc Seeley G50 | 99.938 mph | 1:30.36.52 |

* Fastest Lap No 6. Ryan Farquhar – 20 minutes 52.47 seconds 108.448 mph

### Junior Classic Race

Wednesday 29 August 2007 – Mountain Course 4 laps – 150.92 miles (242.80 km)

* Class A for motorcycles exceeding 300 cc and not exceeding 350 cc.

| Rank | Rider | Team | Speed | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Roy Richardson | 349 cc Drixton Honda | 101.545 mph | 1:31.04.39 |
| 2 | Ryan Farquhar | 349 cc K4 Honda | 100.755 mph | 1:29.52.41 |
| 3 | Chris McGahan | 350 cc Honda | 100.238 mph | 1:30.20.24 |
| 4 | John Goodall | 349 cc AJS 7R | 98.191 mph | 1:32.13.21 |
| 5 | Steve Elliot | 349 cc Honda | 97.573 mph | 1:32.48.24 |
| 6 | Tony Myres | 349 cc Manx Norton | 96.776 mph | 1:34.21.19 |
| 7 | Rich Hawkins | 349 cc Ducati | 96.672 mph | 1:33.40.14 |
| 8 | Dave Madsen-Mygdal | 349 cc Honda | 94.891 mph | 1:35.25.62 |
| 9 | Pete Swallow | 348 cc Petty Manx | 93.804 mph | 1:36.32.01 |
| 10 | Andy Reynolds | 348 cc Honda | 93.563 mph | 1:36.46.93 |

* Fastest Lap No 10. Roy Richardson – 22 minutes 01.37 seconds 102.794 mph

### Lightweight Classic Race

Wednesday 29 August 2007 – Mountain Course 4 laps – 150.92 miles (242.80 km)

* Class B for motorcycles exceeding 175 cc and not exceeding 250 cc.

| Rank | Rider | Team | Speed | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ewan Hamilton | 242 cc Suzuki | 93.937 mph | 1:36.23.79 |
| 2 | Peter Richardson | 248 cc Suzuki | 92.909 mph | 1:37.27.77 |
| 3 | David Smith | 246 cc Suzuki | 92.613 mph | 1:37.46.48 |
| 4 | Peter Symes | 250 cc Suzuki | 92.425 mph | 1:37.58.38 |
| 5 | Tom Jackson | 248 cc Suzuki | 89.932 mph | 1:40.41.34 |
| 6 | Mervyn Stratford | 247 cc Greeves Silverstone | 85.971 mph | 1:45.19.70 |
| 7 | Roger Jones | 248 cc Suzuki | 85.523 mph | 1:45.52.84 |
| 8 | Tony Mason | 249 cc Honda | 83.662 mph | 1:45.52.84 |
| 9 | Kevin Murphy | 250 cc Ducati | 79.320 mph | 1:54.09.63 |

* Fastest Lap No 75. Ewan Hamilton – 23 minutes 37.47 seconds 95.825 mph

### Junior Manx Grand Prix

Wednesday 29 August 2007 – Mountain Course 4 laps – 150.92 miles (242.80 km)

* Two-stroke motorcycles exceeding 200 cc and not exceeding 350 cc.
* Four-stroke four-cylinder motorcycles exceeding 450 cc and not exceeding 600 cc.
* Four-stroke twin-cylinder motorcycles exceeding 600 cc and not exceeding 750 cc.

| Rank | Rider | Team | Speed | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Derek Brien | 600 cc Kawasaki | 118.027 mph | 1:16.43.30 |
| 2 | Matts Nilsson | 600 cc Honda | 116.361 mph | 1:17.42.20 |
| 3 | Andrew Neill | 600 cc Honda | 115.441 mph | 1:18.26.41 |
| 4 | Phil McGurk | 600 cc Honda | 114.824 mph | 1:18.51.70 |
| 5 | Adam Barclay | 600 cc Suzuki | 114.602 mph | 1:19.00.84 |
| 6 | James McCullaugh | 600 cc Honda | 114.076 mph | 1:19.22.71 |
| 7 | Simon Fulton | 600 cc Honda | 113.814 mph | 1:19.33.69 |
| 8 | Michael Charnock | 600 cc Honda | 113.549 mph | 1:19.46.50 |
| 9 | Neal Champion | 600 cc Kawasaki | 113.316 mph | 1:19.54.66 |
| 10 | Ryan McCay | 600 cc Honda | 113.160 mph | 1:20.01.29 |

### Lightweight Manx Grand Prix

Friday 31 August 2007 – Mountain Course 4 laps – 150.92 miles (242.80 km)

* Two-stroke motorcycles 201 cc – 350 cc

| Rank | Rider | Team | Speed | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Samuel Dunlop | 250 cc Honda | 108.083 mph | 1:23.46.79 |
| 2 | Neil Kent | 249 cc Yamaha | 106.545 mph | 1:23.59.35 |
| 3 | Brian Kent | 250 cc Yamaha | 105.955 mph | 1:25.27.76 |
| 4 | Wally Kneale | 250 cc Honda | 103.664 mph | 1:27.21.09 |
| 5 | Daniel Williams | 250 cc Honda | 103.338 mph | 1:27.37.62 |
| 6 | Dean Martin | 250 cc Honda | 102.953 mph | 1:27.57.28 |
| 7 | Carl Roberts | 250 cc Honda | 102.639 mph | 1:28.13.45 |
| 8 | Tom Snow | 250 cc Honda | 101.217 mph | 1:29.27.77 |
| 9 | Robert McCrum | 250 cc Honda | 99.216 mph | 1:31.16.03 |
| 10 | Mark Waddell | 250 cc Honda | 98.843 mph | 1:31.36.74 |

* Fastest Lap No 7. Samuel Dunlop – 20 minutes 36.15 seconds 109.880 mph

### Ultra-Lightweight Manx Grand Prix (Provisional Result)

Friday 31 August 2007 – Mountain Course 3 laps – 113.00 miles

* Two-stroke motorcycles up to 125 cc, 6 gears maximum.
* Four-stroke motorcycles 251 cc – 401 cc

| Rank | Rider | Team | Speed | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Oliver Linsdell | 398 cc Yamaha | 106.634 mph | 1:03.41.33 |
| 2 | Tim Sayers | 400 cc Kawasaki | 104.630 mph | 1:04.54.53 |
| 3 | Joe Phillips | 398 cc Kawasaki | 104.107 mph | 1:05.14.10 |
| 4 | Keith Costello | 400 cc Honda | 104.039 mph | 1:05.16.65 |
| 5 | Andrew Kirkwood | 399 cc Kawasaki | 103.353 mph | 1:05.42.63 |
| 6 | Dan Sayle | 125 cc Honda | 101.769 mph | 1:06.44.01 |
| 7 | Ross Johnson | 400 cc Kawasaki | 101.105 mph | 1:07.10.31 |
| 8 | Anthony Davies | 399 cc Yamaha | 100.701 mph | 1:07.26.47 |
| 9 | Myles Byrne | 400 cc Honda | 100.423 mph | 1:07.36.66 |
| 10 | Ian Hickey | 400 cc Honda | 99.643 mph | 1:08.09.43 |

### Ultra-Lightweight Manx Grand Prix (Revised Result)

Friday 31 August 2007 – Mountain Course 4 laps – 150.92 miles (242.80 km)

| Rank | Rider | Team | Speed | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Oliver Linsdell | 398 cc Yamaha | 107.197 mph | 1:24.38.25 |
| 2 | Tim Sayers | 400 cc Kawasaki | 104.796 mph | 1:26.24.29 |
| 3 | Keith Costello | 400 cc Honda | 104.567 mph | 1:26.35.85 |
| 4 | Joe Phillips | 398 cc Kawasaki | 104.537 mph | 1:26.37.32 |
| 5 | Andrew Kirkwood | 399 cc Kawasaki | 103.441 mph | 1:23.32.41 |
| 6 | Dan Sayle | 125 cc Honda | 101.577 mph | 1:29.08.76 |
| 7 | Ross Johnson | 400 cc Kawasaki | 101.333 mph | 1:29.21.67 |
| 8 | Myles Byrne | 400 cc Honda | 100.695 mph | 1:29.55.90 |
| 9 | Anthony Davies | 399 cc yamaha | 100.482 mph | 1:30.7.04 |
| 10 | Ian Hickey | 400 cc Honda | 99.691 mph | 1:30.49.97 |

* Fastest Lap No 41. Oliver Linsdell – 20 minutes 47.03 seconds 108.922 mph.

* After the cancellation of the first evening practice session on Saturday 18 August 2007 due to heavy rain and low-lying mist on the primary A18 Mountain Road section of the Snaefell mountain course The next Manx Grand Prix practice was held on the evening of Monday 20 August 2007 with the newcomers escorted on their first lap by travelling marshalls and former Isle of Man TT Race competitors. A number of competitors where caught-out at Governor's Bridge including newcomer Dave Yeomans and also John Harrison riding a 600 cc Honda and John Batty on a 400c Kawasaki. Former 1972 Manx Grand Prix Senior winner Dave Hughes injured an arm after a crash at Union Mills riding a 350 cc Manx Norton. At Cruickshank's Corner in Ramsey, Steve Gibbs slipped of his 350 cc Classic Honda and was uninjured.
* During Tuesday evening practice Brian Spooner set the fastest time in the Lightweight class with a lap at an average speed of 111.288 mph and then suffered a crash at Quarterbridge as did Neil Kent at Ballacraine and both were uninjured.
* Wednesday Evening practice is cut-short after problems with low-lying sea-mist and fog in the Kirk Michael area. Only two laps of practice are completed by the Senior, Junior and Lightweight competitors. An incident involving two riders occurred at the Waterworks Corner near Ramsey between Marie Hodson and Robert Gordon. Another incident occurred at Alpine Cottage with Kevin Fitzpatrick and Neil Cudworth taken to Nobles Hospital with suspected minor fractures.
* Again Thursday evening practice is cut-short by reduced visibility on the Mountain Section of the course and sea-mist in the Kirk Michael area.

## Sources


abstract: In 2015 John McEnroe and Patrick McEnroe were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the round-robin stage. Guy Forget and Henri Leconte won the title, defeating Cédric Pioline and Mark Woodforde in the final, 4–6, 7–6(7–5), [10–3].

text:
# 2015 French Open – Legends over 45 doubles

In 2015 John McEnroe and Patrick McEnroe were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the round-robin stage.

Guy Forget and Henri Leconte won the title, defeating Cédric Pioline and Mark Woodforde in the final, 4–6, 7–6(7–5), \[10–3\].

## Draw

### Key

### Final

|  | Final | | | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Cédric Pioline
Mark Woodforde | | **6** | 65 | \[3\] |  |
|  | **Guy Forget
Henri Leconte** | | 4 | **77** | **\[10\]** |  |

### Group C

|  |  | J McEnroe
P McEnroe | **Pioline
Woodforde** | Cash
Gómez | RR
W–L | Set
W–L | Game
W–L | Standings |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C1 | John McEnroe
Patrick McEnroe |  | 4–6, 1–6 | **6–3, 6–4** | 1–1 | 2–2 | 17–19 | 2 |
| C2 | **Cédric Pioline
Mark Woodforde** | **6–4, 6–1** |  | **6–4, 6–4** | **2–0** | **4–0** | **24–13** | **1** |
| C3 | Pat Cash
Andrés Gómez | 3–6, 4–6 | 4–6, 4–6 |  | 0–2 | 0–4 | 15–24 | 3 |

*Standings are determined by: 1. number of wins; 2. number of matches; 3. in three-players-ties, percentage of sets won, or of games won; 4. steering-committee decision.*

### Group D

|  |  | **Forget
Leconte** | Pernfors
Wilander | Bahrami
Haarhuis | RR
W–L | Set
W–L | Game
W–L | Standings |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| D1 | **Guy Forget
Henri Leconte** |  | **6–2, 7–6(9–7)** | **7–6(7–1), 6–4** | **2–0** | **4–0** | **26–18** | **1** |
| D2 | Mikael Pernfors
Mats Wilander | 2–6, 6–7(7–9) |  | 1–6, 4–6 | 0–2 | 0–4 | 13–25 | 3 |
| D3 | Mansour Bahrami
Paul Haarhuis | 6–7(1–7), 4–6 | **6–1, 6–4** |  | 1–1 | 2–2 | 22–18 | 2 |

*Standings are determined by: 1. number of wins; 2. number of matches; 3. in three-players-ties, percentage of sets won, or of games won; 4. steering-committee decision.*

## InfoBox

| Legends over 45 doubles | |
| --- | --- |
| 2015 French Open | |
| Champions | Guy Forget
Henri Leconte |
| Runners-up | Cédric Pioline
Mark Woodforde |
| Score | 4–6, 7–6(7–5), \[10–3\] |


title: Asiafroneta

abstract: Asiafroneta is a small genus of southeast Asian sheet weavers. It was first described by A. V. Tanasevitch in 2020, and it has only been found in Malaysia. As of December 2021 it contains only two species: A. atrata and A. pallida.

text:
# Asiafroneta

***Asiafroneta*** is a small genus of southeast Asian sheet weavers. It was first described by A. V. Tanasevitch in 2020, and it has only been found in Malaysia. As of December 2021 it contains only two species: *A. atrata* and *A. pallida*.

## InfoBox

| *Asiafroneta* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Linyphiidae |
| Genus: | *Asiafroneta*
Tanasevitch, 2020 |
|
| Type species | |
| *A. pallida*
Tanasevitch, 2020 | |
| Species | |
| * *Asiafroneta atrata* Tanasevitch, 2020 * *Asiafroneta pallida* Tanasevitch, 2020 | |


title: Erik Noppi

abstract: Erik Noppi is a retired Norwegian footballer. In his early career he played for Fremad, Grue IL and Nybergsund IL. He joined Kongsvinger IL in 1996, and played 39 Norwegian Premier League games over two years. He then joined Skeid Fotball, playing there from 1998 to 2003. After retiring, he found work as a school teacher in Sagene.

text:
# Erik Noppi

**Erik Noppi** (born 5 March 1970) is a retired Norwegian footballer.

In his early career he played for Fremad, Grue IL and Nybergsund IL. He joined Kongsvinger IL in 1996, and played 39 Norwegian Premier League games over two years. He then joined Skeid Fotball, playing there from 1998 to 2003. After retiring, he found work as a school teacher in Sagene.

## InfoBox

Erik Noppi
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1970-03-05) 5 March 1970 | | |
| Position(s) | defender | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Fremad |  |  |
|  | Grue |  |  |
|  | Nybergsund |  |  |
| 1996–1997 | Kongsvinger | 39 | (8) |
| 1998–2003 | Skeid |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Asplundia cuspidata

abstract: Asplundia cuspidata is a species of plant in the Cyclanthaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

text:
# Asplundia cuspidata

***Asplundia cuspidata*** is a species of plant in the Cyclanthaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

## InfoBox

| *Asplundia cuspidata* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Pandanales |
| Family: | Cyclanthaceae |
| Genus: | *Asplundia* |
| Species: | ***A. cuspidata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Asplundia cuspidata***
Harling | |
|


title: 2012–13 St Mirren F.C. season

text:
# 2012–13 St Mirren F.C. season

The 2012–13 season was St Mirren's seventh consecutive season in the Scottish Premier League, having been promoted from the Scottish First Division at the end of the 2005–06 season. St Mirren also competed in the League Cup and the Scottish Cup.

## Summary

### Season

St Mirren finished eleventh in the Scottish Premier League. They reached the Quarter-final of the Scottish Cup, and won the League Cup for the first time in the club's history, beating Heart of Midlothian 3–2 in the Final.

## Results and fixtures

Win   Draw   Loss   Postponed

### Pre season

| 12 July 2012 Friendly (Closed Door) | **Barnsley** | **1 – 0** | **St Mirren** | Cañete |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17:30 | Davies  4' | Report |  |  |

| 14 July 2012 Friendly (Closed Door) | **El Canete** | **0 – 3** | **St Mirren** | Cañete |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Report | McAusland  19'
McGowan
Reilly  75' |  |

| 21 July 2012 Renfrewshire Cup Final | **Greenock Morton** | **0 – 1** | **St Mirren** | Cappielow |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 |  | Report | McGowan  81' | Attendance: 3,722
Referee: Muir |

| 24 July 2012 Friendly | **Dumbarton** | **0 – 0** | **St Mirren** | Dumbarton Football Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:30 |  | Dumbarton Report
Report |  | Referee: Cook |

| 27 July 2012 Friendly | **Carlisle United** | **1 – 0** | **St Mirren** | Brunton Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:15 | Miller  63' | Report |  | Attendance: 1,643 |

| 29 July 2012 Friendly | **Accrington Stanley** | **1 – 1** | **St Mirren** | Crown Ground |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Miller  76' | Accrington Report
St Mirren Report | Thompson  73' | Attendance: 797 |

### Scottish Premier League

| 4 August 2012 1 | **St Mirren** | **2 – 2** | **Inverness Caledonian Thistle** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Guy  32'
McGregor  90+2'
Guy  90+3' | BBC Report | Ross  70'
McKay  76' | Attendance: 4,104
Referee: McLean |

| 11 August 2012 2 | **Dundee** | **0 – 2** | **St Mirren** | Dens Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 |  | BBC Report | McLean  39'
Parkin  63' | Attendance: 5,984
Referee: Allan |

| 18 August 2012 3 | **St Mirren** | **1 – 2** | **Hibernian** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Thompson  63' | BBC Report | Griffiths  15', 61' | Attendance: 5,039
Referee: Charleston |

| 26 August 2012 4 | **Motherwell** | **1 – 1** | **St Mirren** | Fir Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Higdon  2'
Hutchinson  88' | BBC Report | Reilly  90+4' | Attendance: 4,559
Referee: Norris |

| 1 September 2012 5 | **Aberdeen** | **0 – 0** | **St Mirren** | Pittodrie |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 |  | BBC Report |  | Attendance: 9,288
Referee: Colvin |

| 15 September 2012 6 | **St Mirren** | **2 – 0** | **Heart of Midlothian** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Goodwin  38'
Guy  48' | BBC Report |  | Attendance: 4,307
Referee: Murray |

| 22 September 2012 7 | **Kilmarnock** | **3 – 1** | **St Mirren** | Rugby Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Sheridan  26'
Fowler  57'
Dayton  61' | BBC Report | McGowan  83' | Attendance: 4,879
Referee: O'Reilly |

| 29 September 2012 8 | **St Mirren** | **5 – 4** | **Ross County** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Thompson  39', 89'
Guy  54' (Penalty)
Parkin  59'
McLean  64' | BBC Report | Vigurs  11'
Munro  45'
Quinn  79', 80' | Attendance: 3,706
Referee: Mclean |

| 6 October 2012 9 | **St Johnstone** | **2 – 1** | **St Mirren** | McDiarmid Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Hasselbaink  22'
Davidson  37' | BBC Report | Guy  49' | Attendance: 3,223
Referee: Muir |

| 20 October 2012 10 | **St Mirren** | **0 – 5** | **Celtic** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12:30 |  | BBC Report | Hooper  15'
Ambrose  18'
Wanyama  32', 38'
Watt  86' | Attendance: 6,008
Referee: Murray |

| 27 October 2012 11 | **St Mirren** | **0 – 1** | **Dundee United** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 |  | BBC Report | Russell  69' (pen.) | Attendance: 4,333
Referee: Norris |

| 3 November 2012 12 | **Hibernian** | **2 – 1** | **St Mirren** | Easter Road |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Griffiths  37', 65' | BBC Report | McLean  32'
Goodwin  67' | Attendance: 10,358
Referee: Muir |

| 10 November 2012 13 | **St Mirren** | **1 – 4** | **Aberdeen** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Thompson  88' | BBC Report | Hayes  10'
McGinn  45+1'
Clark  86'
Reynolds  87' | Attendance: 4,486
Referee: Finnie |

| 17 November 2012 14 | **Heart of Midlothian** | **1 – 0** | **St Mirren** | Tynecastle Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Grainger  64' | BBC Report |  | Attendance: 16,443
Referee: Madden |

| 24 November 2012 15 | **St Mirren** | **3 – 1** | **Dundee** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Thompson  31', 72'
Imrie  87' | BBC Report | Nish  27'
Conroy  64' (Penalty) | Attendance: 4,825
Referee: Collum |

| 27 November 2012 16 | **Ross County** | **0 – 0** | **St Mirren** | Victoria Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 |  | BBC Report |  | Attendance: 2,837
Referee: McLean |

| 8 December 2012 17 | **St Mirren** | **1 – 1** | **St Johnstone** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Dummett  69' | BBC Report | Davidson  15'
Anderson  38'
Millar  68' | Attendance: 3,702
Referee: Madden |

| 15 December 2012 18 | **Celtic** | **2 – 0** | **St Mirren** | Celtic Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Wanyama  15'
Hooper  83' | BBC Report |  | Attendance: 47,790
Referee: Murray |

| 21 December 2012 19 | **St Mirren** | **2 – 1** | **Motherwell** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 | Thompson  39', 42' | BBC Report | McHugh  77' | Attendance: 4,023
Referee: Brines |

| 26 December 2012 20 | **Inverness Caledonian Thistle** | **2 – 2** | **St Mirren** | Caledonian Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Shinnie  38'
Foran  67' | BBC Report | Imrie  2'
Thompson  55' | Attendance: 3,506
Referee: Collum |

| 30 December 2012 21 | **Dundee United** | **3 – 4** | **St Mirren** | Tannadice Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Daly  43'
Armstrong  45'
McLean  69'
Douglas  90' | BBC Report
SKY Report | Dummett  16'
Thompson  50'
McAusland  66'
van Zanten  78' | Attendance: 6,386
Referee: Norris |

| 2 January 2013 22 | **St Mirren** | **1 – 1** | **Kilmarnock** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | McGowan  68' (Penalty) | BBC Report | Kelly  5' (Penalty) | Attendance: 6,347
Referee: Colvin |

| 19 January 2013 23 | **St Mirren** | **1 – 4** | **Ross County** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12:45 | Thompson  50' | BBC Report | Brittain  22'
Morrow  67'
Sproule  71', 74' | Attendance: 3,802
Referee: Norris |

| 30 January 2013 24 | **St Mirren** | **2 – 1** | **Inverness Caledonian Thistle** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 | Gonçalves  26'
Thompson  82' | BBC Report | McKay  45' (Penalty) | Attendance: 3,065
Referee: Muir |

| 9 February 2013 25 | **Aberdeen** | **0 – 0** | **St Mirren** | Pittodrie Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 |  | BBC Report |  | Attendance: 7,240
Referee: Beaton |

| 16 February 2013 26 | **St Mirren** | **0 – 1** | **Hibernian** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 |  | BBC Report | Griffiths  72' (pen) | Attendance: 4,524
Referee: Collum |

| 23 February 2013 27 | **St Johnstone** | **1 – 0** | **St Mirren** | McDiarmid Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Vine  52' | BBC Report |  | Attendance: 2,816
Referee: Mclean |

| 27 February 2013 28 | **St Mirren** | **2 – 0** | **Heart of Midlothian** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 | McGowan  4' (Penalty)
Carey  45' | BBC Report |  | Attendance: 3,369
Referee: Clancy |

| 6 March 2013 29 | **Dundee** | **2 – 1** | **St Mirren** | Dens Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 | Baird  68'
McAlister  78' | BBC Report | Imrie  20' | Attendance: 3,674
Referee: Finnie |

| 9 March 2013 30 | **St Mirren** | **0 – 0** | **Dundee United** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 |  | BBC Report | Rankin  88' | Attendance: 3,394
Referee: Beaton |

| 31 March 2013 31 | **St Mirren** | **1 – 1** | **Celtic** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | McGowan  81' (pen.) | BBC Report | Commons  6'
Wanyama  55' | Attendance: 6,066
Referee: Madden |

| 3 April 2013 32 | **Kilmarnock** | **1 – 1** | **St Mirren** | Rugby Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 | Boyd  47' | BBC Report | Gonçalves  36' | Attendance: 4,494
Referee: Allan |

| 6 April 2013 33 | **Motherwell** | **2 – 2** | **St Mirren** | Fir Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Higdon  34'
McFadden  84' | BBC Report | Newton  41'
Guy  75' | Attendance: 5,414
Referee: Colvin |

| 20 April 2013 34 | **St Mirren** | **1 – 2** | **Dundee** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Thompson  52'
Goodwin  65' | BBC Report | McAlister  40'
Finnigan  81' | Attendance: 4,002
Referee: Thomson |

| 27 April 2013 35 | **Hibernian** | **3 – 3** | **St Mirren** | Easter Road |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Griffiths  31', 86'
Caldwell  67' | BBC Report | Esmaël Gonçalves  60'
McAusland  78', 82' | Attendance: 9,264
Referee: Crawford Allan |

| 4 May 2013 36 | **Heart of Midlothian** | **3 – 0** | **St Mirren** | Tynecastle Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Walker  13'
McHattie  43'
Hamill  54' (Penalty) | BBC Report | McLean  54' | Attendance: 16,312
Referee: Colvin |

| 11 May 2013 37 | **St Mirren** | **0 – 0** | **Aberdeen** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 |  | BBC Report |  | Attendance: 4,292
Referee: McKendrick |

| 18 May 2013 38 | **Kilmarnock** | **1 – 3** | **St Mirren** | Rugby Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Boyd  25' | BBC Report | McGinn  20'
McGowan  75' (Penalty)
Newton  88' | Attendance: 4,428
Referee: Collum |

### Scottish League Cup

| 29 August 2012 Scottish League Cup round 2 | **St Mirren** | **5 – 1** | **Ayr United** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 | Guy  16'
Thompson  24'
McGowan  30'
McLean  38' (Penalty)
Teale  58' | BBC Report | Moffat  39' | Attendance: 2,306
Referee: Tumilty |

| 25 September 2012 Scottish League Cup round 3 | **St Mirren** | **1 – 0** | **Hamilton Academical** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 | Mair  90+2' | BBC Report
SFL Report |  | Attendance: 1,914
Referee: Allan |

| 30 October 2012 Scottish League Cup QF | **Aberdeen** | **2 – 2 (a.e.t.)**
(**2 – 4** ) | **St Mirren** | Pittodrie Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19:45 | Vernon  22'
Magennis  90+1' | BBC Report | Parkin  6'
McLean  69' | Attendance: 7,610
Referee: Allan |
|  | **Penalties** | | |  |
| | Hughes
McGinn
Hayes
Smith |  | McLean
Teale
Goodwin
McAusland | |

| 27 January 2013 Scottish League Cup SF | **St Mirren** | **3 – 2** | **Celtic** | Hampden Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14:30 | Gonçalves  8'
McGowan  64' (pen.)
Thompson  69' | BBC Report | Hooper  45'
Mulgrew  90+4' | Referee: Collum |

| 17 March 2013 Scottish League Cup Final | **Heart of Midlothian** | **2 – 3** | **St Mirren** | Hampden Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Stevenson  10', 85' | BBC Report | Goncalves  37'
Thompson  46'
Newton  66' | Attendance: 44,036
Referee: Thomson |

### Scottish Cup

| 1 December 2012 Scottish Cup round 4 | **St Mirren** | **2 – 0** | **Brechin City** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | McLean  32'
Robertson  42' | BBC Report |  | Attendance: 2,363
Referee: McKendrick |

| 2 February 2013 Scottish Cup round 5 | **St Mirren** | **2 – 0** | **St Johnstone** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15:00 | Gonçalves  49, 56' | BBC Report |  | Attendance: 3,507
Referee: Thomson |

| 2 March 2013 Scottish Cup Round QF | **St Mirren** | **1 – 2** | **Celtic** | St Mirren Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12:45 | Esmaël  13' | BBC Report | Ledley  5'
Stokes  21' | Attendance: 5,572
Referee: Muir |

## Squad information

### Captains

| No. |  | Name | Country | No. games | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 | MF | Jim Goodwin |  | 35 | Club captain |

Last updated: 18 May 2013
Source: Competitive match reports.
Competitive matches only
Matches started as captain only
**Country**: FIFA nationality; **No.**: Squad number; **P**: Position; **Name**: Player name; **No. Games**: Number of games started as captain.

### Players

*Last updated 18 May 2013*

| No. | Pos | Nat | Player | Total | | Premier League | | League Cup | | Scottish Cup | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| 1 | GK | SCO | Craig Samson | 46 | 0 | 38+0 | 0 | 5+0 | 0 | 3+0 | 0 |
| 2 | DF | IRL | David van Zanten | 42 | 1 | 32+2 | 1 | 3+2 | 0 | 3+0 | 0 |
| 3 | DF | WAL | Paul Dummett | 36 | 2 | 29+1 | 2 | 3+0 | 0 | 2+1 | 0 |
| 4 | DF | SCO | Darren McGregor | 3 | 1 | 3+0 | 1 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 5 | DF | SCO | Lee Mair | 31 | 1 | 21+3 | 0 | 3+2 | 1 | 2+0 | 0 |
| 6 | MF | IRL | Jim Goodwin | 35 | 1 | 29+0 | 1 | 5+0 | 0 | 1+0 | 0 |
| 7 | FW | SCO | Dougie Imrie | 30 | 3 | 13+14 | 3 | 2+0 | 0 | 0+1 | 0 |
| 8 | MF | SCO | Jon Robertson | 21 | 1 | 11+8 | 0 | 0+1 | 0 | 1+0 | 1 |
| 9 | FW | SCO | Steven Thompson | 41 | 16 | 33+1 | 13 | 4+1 | 3 | 2+0 | 0 |
| 10 | FW | SCO | Paul McGowan | 31 | 7 | 25+0 | 5 | 4+0 | 2 | 2+0 | 0 |
| 11 | MF | IRL | Graham Carey | 33 | 1 | 18+8 | 1 | 3+2 | 0 | 1+1 | 0 |
| 12 | GK | SCO | Chris Smith | 0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 14 | DF | SCO | Marc McAusland | 44 | 3 | 35+1 | 3 | 5+0 | 0 | 3+0 | 0 |
| 15 | MF | SCO | Graeme MacGregor | 0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 16 | GK | SCO | Grant Adam | 0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 17 | MF | SCO | Kenny McLean | 33 | 6 | 26+3 | 3 | 3+0 | 2 | 1+0 | 1 |
| 18 | MF | SCO | Jamie McKernon | 0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 19 | FW | ENG | Sam Parkin | 33 | 3 | 12+15 | 2 | 2+2 | 1 | 1+1 | 0 |
| 20 | FW | SCO | Thomas Reilly | 10 | 1 | 2+7 | 1 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+1 | 0 |
| 21 | MF | SCO | Gary Teale | 37 | 1 | 23+7 | 0 | 4+0 | 1 | 3+0 | 0 |
| 22 | DF | SCO | Jason Naismith | 0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 23 | DF | SCO | David Barron | 15 | 0 | 8+4 | 0 | 1+1 | 0 | 0+1 | 0 |
| 24 | MF | SCO | Mark Lamont | 0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 24 | MF | ENG | Conor Newton | 20 | 3 | 16+0 | 2 | 2+0 | 1 | 2+0 | 0 |
| 25 | DF | SCO | Sean Kelly | 0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 27 | FW | ENG | Lewis Guy | 35 | 6 | 17+12 | 5 | 2+2 | 1 | 1+1 | 0 |
| 28 | FW | SCO | Jack Smith | 2 | 0 | 0+2 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 29 | MF | SCO | John McGinn | 27 | 1 | 15+7 | 1 | 2+0 | 0 | 3+0 | 0 |
| 33 | MF | SCO | Mohammed Yaqub | 1 | 0 | 0+1 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 34 | MF | SCO | Anton Brady | 1 | 0 | 0+1 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
| 77 | FW | POR | Esmaël Gonçalves | 16 | 8 | 11+1 | 3 | 2+0 | 2 | 2+0 | 3 |
| 88 | FW | EST | Sander Puri | 3 | 0 | 1+2 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |
|  | DF | SCO | Paul McGinn | 0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 | 0+0 | 0 |

### Disciplinary record

Includes all competitive matches.

*Last updated 18 May 2013*

| **Number** | **Nation** | **Position** | **Name** | **Premier League** | | **League Cup** | | **Scottish Cup** | | **Total** | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1 |  | GK | Craig Samson | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** | **0** |
| 2 |  | DF | David van Zanten | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **6** | **0** |
| 3 |  | DF | Paul Dummett | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **4** | **0** |
| 4 |  | DF | Darren McGregor | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** | **0** |
| 5 |  | DF | Lee Mair | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **4** | **0** |
| 6 |  | MF | Jim Goodwin | 13 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **16** | **2** |
| 7 |  | DF | Dougie Imrie | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **3** | **0** |
| 8 |  | MF | Jon Robertson | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** | **0** |
| 9 |  | FW | Steven Thompson | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | **6** | **0** |
| 10 |  | FW | Paul McGowan | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | **4** | **0** |
| 11 |  | MF | Graham Carey | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **5** | **0** |
| 12 |  | GK | Chris Smith | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** | **0** |
| 14 |  | DF | Marc McAusland | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **10** | **0** |
| 15 |  | MF | Graeme MacGregor | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** | **0** |
| 16 |  | GK | Grant Adam | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** | **0** |
| 17 |  | MF | Kenny McLean | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **2** | **1** |
| 18 |  | MF | Jamie McKernon | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** | **0** |
| 19 |  | FW | Sam Parkin | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **3** | **0** |
| 20 |  | FW | Thomas Reilly | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** | **0** |
| 21 |  | MF | Gary Teale | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **2** | **0** |
| 22 |  | DF | Jason Naismith | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** | **0** |
| 23 |  | DF | David Barron | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **2** | **0** |
| 24 |  | MF | Mark Lamont | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** | **0** |
| 24 |  | MF | Conor Newton | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **3** | **0** |
| 25 |  | DF | Sean Kelly | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** | **0** |
| 27 |  | FW | Lewis Guy | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **3** | **1** |
| 28 |  | FW | Jack Smith | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** | **0** |
| 29 |  | MF | John McGinn | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **1** | **0** |
| 33 |  | MF | Mohammed Yaqub | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** | **0** |
| 34 |  | MF | Anton Brady | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** | **0** |
| 77 |  | FW | Esmaël Gonçalves | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **3** | **0** |
| 88 |  | MF | Sander Puri | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** | **0** |
|  |  | DF | Paul McGinn | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** | **0** |

## Team statistics

### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 | Aberdeen | 38 | 11 | 15 | 12 | 41 | 43 | 2 | 48 |  |
| 9 | Kilmarnock | 38 | 11 | 12 | 15 | 52 | 53 | 1 | | 45 |
| 10 | Heart of Midlothian | 38 | 11 | 11 | 16 | 40 | 49 | 9 | | 44 |
| 11 | St Mirren | 38 | 9 | 14 | 15 | 47 | 60 | 13 | | 41 |
| 12 | Dundee (R) | 38 | 7 | 9 | 22 | 28 | 66 | 38 | 30 | Relegation to the Championship |

Source: SPFL Archive
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
(R) Relegated
Notes:

### Division summary

| Round | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ground |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Result | D | W | L | D | D | W | L | W | L | L | L | L | L | L | W | D | D | L | W | D | W | D | L | W | D | L | L | W | L | D | D | D | D | L | D | L | D | W |
| Position | 4 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |

Updated to match(es) played on 18 May 2013. Source:
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss

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## InfoBox

St Mirren
| 2012–13 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Chairman | Stewart Gilmour |
| Manager | Danny Lennon |
| Stadium | St Mirren Park |
| SPL | **11th** |
| League Cup | **Winners**
defeated Heart of Midlothian |
| Scottish Cup | **Quarter-final**
lost to Celtic |
| Top goalscorer | League:
Steven Thompson (13)
All:
Steven Thompson (16) |
| Highest home attendance | 6,347 vs Kilmarnock
(2 January 2013) |
| Lowest home attendance | 3,065 vs Inverness Caledonian Thistle
(30 January 2013) |
| Average home league attendance | League: 4,389 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Bangladesh Textile Mills Corporation

abstract: Bangladesh Textile Mills Corporation, or BTMC, is a public corporation that owns and manages all government textile mills in Bangladesh and is located in Dhaka. It manages 18 government owned textile factories.

text:
# Bangladesh Textile Mills Corporation

**Bangladesh Textile Mills Corporation**, or BTMC, is a public corporation that owns and manages all government textile mills in Bangladesh and is located in Dhaka. It manages 18 government owned textile factories.

## History

The corporation was established on 26 March 1972 through the nationalization of textile mills in Bangladesh. It owns Eagle Textile in Chittagong. The Ministry for Textiles and Jute is responsible for running the corporation. The corporation has the largest liability of any state owned enterprise in Bangladesh with 76.54 billion taka in loans. Nearly 99% of its loans are in default. Rangamati Textile Mill is also owned by the corporation. It used to manage 86 government owned textile mills which has been reduced to the 18 today.

## List of nationalised textile mills

About 73 textile mills were nationalised following the independence of Bangladesh and later they became subsidiaries of the Bangladesh Textile Mills Corporation. The list is given below:

* Adarsha Cotton Spinning and Weaving Mills
* Ahmed Bawany Textile Mills
* Ahmed Silk Mills
* Al-Haj Textile Mills
* Amin Textile Limited
* Ashraf Textile Mills
* Asiatic Cotton Mills
* Bengal Textile Mills
* Bogra Cotton Spinning
* Calico Cotton Mills
* Chand Textile Mills
* Chisty Textile Mills
* Chittagong Textile Mills
* Chittaranjan Cotton Mills
* Cotton Textile Crafts
* Dacca Cotton Mills
* Dacca Dyeing and Manufacturing Co.
* Dhakeswari Cotton Mills
* Dost Textile Mills
* Eagle Star Textile Mills
* Elahi Cotton Mills
* E. P. Textile Mills
* Fine Cotton Mills
* Gawsia Cotton Spinning Mills
* Goalundo Textile Mills
* Habibur Rahman Textile Mills
* Halima Textile Limited
* Ibrahim Cotton Mills
* Jaba Textile Mills
* Jalil Textile Mills
* Jess Blanket Manufacturing Co.
* Karim Silk Mills
* Khulna Textile Mills
* Kohinoor Spinning Mills
* Kokil Textile Mills
* Kushtia Textile Mills
* Luxmi Narayan Cotton Mills
* Mainamati Textile Mills
* Meghna Textile Mills
* Metex Cotton
* Mohini Mills
* Monnoo Textile Mills
* Moula Textile Mills
* Muslin Cotton Mills
* National Cotton Mills
* N. H. Textile Mills
* Olympia Textile Mills
* Orient Textile Mills
* Pahartali Textile and Hosiery Mills
* Paruma Textile Mills
* Pylon Industries
* Quaderia Textile Mills
* Quasem Cotton Mills
* Rahman Textile Mills
* Raz Textile Mills
* R. R. Textile Mills
* Rupali Noor Textile Mill
* Rupali Nylon
* Satrang Textile Mills
* Serajganj Spinning and Cotton Mills
* Sharmin Textile Mills
* Tamizuddin Textile Mills
* Tangail Cotton Mills
* Zeenat Taxtile Mills
* Afsar Cotton Mills
* Bangladesh Textile Mills
* Dhakeswari Cotton Mills
* Eastern Textile Mills
* Mohammadi Calendering & Printing Mills
* Nylon Industries
* Valika Woolen Mills Co. (Chittagong) Limited
* Alauddin and Taiera Textile Mills
* Zaritex Limited
* Zofine Fabrics

## InfoBox

Bangladesh Textile Mills Corporation
| Abbreviation | BTMC |
| --- | --- |
| Formation | 1972 |
| Type | Government |
| Headquarters | Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| Location | * BTMC Bhaban 7-9, Kawran Bazar, Dhaka-1215 |
| Region served | Bangladesh |
| Official language | Bengali |
| Chairman | Brigadier General Md Ziaul Haque |
| Website | www.btmc.gov.bd |


abstract: The 2007 National League Wild Card tie-breaker game was a one-game extension to Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2007 regular season, played between the San Diego Padres and Colorado Rockies of the National League's (NL) West Division to determine the NL wild card. It was played at Coors Field in Denver, Colorado, on October 1, 2007. The Rockies won the game 9–8 in thirteen innings on a controversial play at home plate. The game was necessary after both teams finished the season with identical win–loss records of 89–73. The Rockies won a coin flip late in the season, which awarded them home field for the game. Upon winning, the Rockies advanced to the NL Division Series where they swept the Philadelphia Phillies. After advancing, they swept the Arizona Diamondbacks in the NL Championship Series, winning their first pennant in franchise history. However, the Rockies were, in turn, swept in the 2007 World Series by the Boston Red Sox, ending their season. In baseball statistics the tie-breaker counted as the 163rd regular season game for both teams, with all events in the game added to regular season statistics.

text:
# 2007 National League Wild Card tie-breaker game

The **2007 National League Wild Card tie-breaker game** was a one-game extension to Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2007 regular season, played between the San Diego Padres and Colorado Rockies of the National League's (NL) West Division to determine the NL wild card. It was played at Coors Field in Denver, Colorado, on October 1, 2007. The Rockies won the game 9–8 in thirteen innings on a controversial play at home plate.

The game was necessary after both teams finished the season with identical win–loss records of 89–73. The Rockies won a coin flip late in the season, which awarded them home field for the game. Upon winning, the Rockies advanced to the NL Division Series where they swept the Philadelphia Phillies. After advancing, they swept the Arizona Diamondbacks in the NL Championship Series, winning their first pennant in franchise history. However, the Rockies were, in turn, swept in the 2007 World Series by the Boston Red Sox, ending their season. In baseball statistics the tie-breaker counted as the 163rd regular season game for both teams, with all events in the game added to regular season statistics.

## Background

The 2007 season saw heavy competition between the Padres and the Arizona Diamondbacks for the National League West Division title. The Padres spent 52 days with at least a share of the lead, while the Diamondbacks spent 89 total days atop the division and ultimately won by a game with a record of 90–72. The Rockies spent just three days, last on April 6, with a lead in the division. Notably the Diamondbacks scored 20 fewer runs than their pitchers allowed, one of just five teams in MLB history to make the playoffs despite being outscored during the season.

In addition to the divisional race, the competition over the wild card continued to the last day of the season. Six teams in the 2007 National League finished within five games of one another: the aforementioned Diamondbacks, Padres, and Rockies along with the Philadelphia Phillies, New York Mets, and Chicago Cubs. The Diamondbacks, Phillies, and Cubs won the West, East, and Central Divisions respectively. Meanwhile, the 2007 Mets underwent what was described in *The New York Times* as "one of the biggest collapses in baseball history", becoming the first team with a seven-game divisional lead with only 17 games remaining to finish outside of first place, losing the East Division to the Phillies on the final day of the season. Also, at 88–74, the Mets finished a single game behind the Rockies and Padres' 89–73 record in the wild-card race. Had the Mets defeated the Marlins in their final game of the regular season and no other results changing, there would have been a tiebreaker between the Mets and Phillies for the NL East, and the loser taking part in a three-way tiebreaker for the NL wild card with the Padres and Rockies respectively.

While the Padres had been a consistent presence amongst the league's top teams during the 2007 season, the Rockies finished the first half with a .500 record of 44–44. They propelled themselves into the wild-card race, however, by going 46–29 in the second half of the season including a Rockies' season-best 11-game winning streak from September 16 through September 27 and ultimately tied the Padres regular season record. With the Rockies and Padres holding the best non-division winning records in the league a tie-breaker was necessary to determine the wild-card winner. A coin flip conducted earlier that September set the Rockies' home park of Coors Field as the location for the game.

## Game summary

Monday, October 1, 2007 5:37 pm (MDT) at Coors Field in Denver, Colorado 74 °F (23 °C), Mostly Cloudy
| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| San Diego Padres | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 15 | 0 |
| **Colorado Rockies** | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 14 | 1 |
| **WP:** Ramón Ortiz (5–4)   **LP:** Trevor Hoffman (4–5)
**Home runs:**
SD: Adrián González (30), Scott Hairston (11)
COL: Yorvit Torrealba (8), Todd Helton (17)
**Attendance:** 48,404 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The starting pitcher matchup saw eventual Cy Young Award and Major League Baseball Triple Crown winner Jake Peavy against the Rockies Josh Fogg, whom teammate Matt Holliday nicknamed "Dragon Slayer" for his strong performances against ace starters throughout the season. The Rockies opened the bottom of the first inning with a leadoff double by Kaz Matsui, followed by a Troy Tulowitzki single and a walk to Matt Holliday to load the bases. Matsui scored on a sacrifice fly by Todd Helton and Garrett Atkins made the game 2–0 with a single which scored Tulowitzki. Yorvit Torrealba later added to that lead, leading off the bottom of the second inning with a home run. The Padres took the lead in the top of the third, however, loading the bases via singles from Peavy and Scott Hairston and a walk to Brian Giles. Adrián González then hit a grand slam, making the score 4–3. This was González' first career grand slam. Khalil Greene then singled, advanced to third base on a double by Josh Bard, and scored on a ground out by Brady Clark. Helton homered in the bottom of the inning to close the gap to 5–4 in favor of San Diego.

The score remained the same through the fourth inning. Fogg was relieved by Taylor Buchholz in the top of the fifth and, following a double by Tulowitzki, Peavy allowed the game-tying run to score on a Holliday single. Seth Smith, pinch hitting for the pitcher in the bottom of the sixth, hit a triple and then scored on a sacrifice fly by Matsui to give the Rockies a 6–5 lead. The Rockies' Garrett Atkins appeared to homer in the bottom of the seventh, extending the Rockies lead, but umpires ruled that the ball hit padding on the outfield wall, which was still in play, and awarded Atkins a double. Jamey Carroll pinch ran for Atkins, but no runs scored in the inning. The Rockies brought in closer Brian Fuentes in the top of the eighth, but the Padres re-tied the game when Geoff Blum singled to lead off the inning, advanced to second base on a wild pitch, and scored on a double by Brian Giles. This was Fuentes' seventh blown save of the season.

The game remained tied until the top of the 13th inning when Giles singled off of Jorge Julio and scored on a home run by Scott Hairston. Ramón Ortiz relieved Julio and no further runs scored in the inning, but the Padres entered the bottom of the 13th with an 8–6 lead. The Padres brought in Trevor Hoffman to secure the game and a wild-card victory. However, Hoffman blew the save, allowing doubles to Matsui and Tulowitzki and a triple to Holliday which tied the game 8–8. Hoffman then intentionally walked Todd Helton leaving baserunners at first and third base. Carroll then hit a line drive to right fielder Brian Giles. Holliday tagged up at third and slid headfirst on a close play at home plate. Home plate umpire Tim McClelland ruled Holliday safe on the sacrifice fly, and the Rockies won the game 9–8.

### Controversy

During the final play Padres catcher Michael Barrett attempted to block home plate from Holliday's slide while receiving the ball on a throw from Brian Giles. Holliday arrived at the plate before the ball did and the ball bounced away from Barrett. Some controversy arose after the game as to whether Holliday had actually touched home plate or if Barrett had successfully blocked him. Several sportswriters, such as Jeff Passan of Yahoo! Sports and Mark Kiszla of *The Denver Post*, said outright that Holliday never touched the plate. Kiszla referred to the moment humorously, saying "When folks retell this story 100 years from now, he still will not have touched home plate." Padres manager Bud Black and first base umpire Ed Montague both agreed with McClelland's safe call. Barrett said he was unsure but "never, ever second-guessed Tim McClelland at home plate." While the throw got away from Barrett, he quickly retrieved the ball and went to tag Holliday, but stopped short after McClelland ruled Holliday safe and the game over. Holliday said after re-watching the play, he felt a review of the replay would have been inconclusive.

## Aftermath

Colorado's win clinched the team's second post-season berth in franchise history, and the first for their first baseman Todd Helton. The Rockies swept the Phillies in the 2007 National League Division Series and the Diamondbacks in the 2007 National League Championship Series (NLCS) to win the franchise's first National League pennant. This streak, in combination with the Rockies performance at the end of the season, meant the Rockies had won 21 of their last 22 games. The last National League team to win 20 of 21 games at any point in the season were the 1936 New York Giants. The Rockies also opened the playoffs with seven straight wins, the 1976 Cincinnati Reds were the only other team in major league history to do so. The Rockies moved on to the 2007 World Series with their NLCS win, where they were swept by the Boston Red Sox.

The game counted as a regular season game in baseball statistics. If Matt Holliday had gone 0 for 5 in the game he would have lost the batting title to Chipper Jones. However, Holliday went 2 for 6 and won the title with a batting average of .340. Also, Holliday's triple and run batted in (RBI) in the 13th gave him 137 RBI in total, winning the RBI crown over Ryan Howard by 1. Holliday's teammate Tulowitzki believed Holliday was the league's most valuable player, but he ultimately finished a close second to the Phillies' Jimmy Rollins in the Most Valuable Player Award voting. Also, Padres' starter Jake Peavy increased his earned run average (ERA) from 2.36 to 2.54 in the game and added six strikeouts to his season total. Peavy ultimately won the National League wins, strikeout, and ERA titles. These titles combined to give Peavy a pitching Triple Crown and he went on to win the Cy Young Award unanimously. Finally, despite an error in the game, the Rockies set the single-season major league record for team fielding percentage (.9893), breaking the 2006 Boston Red Sox mark of .9891.

Conversely, while the Rockies enjoyed a run to the World Series, and have qualified for the postseason three subsequent times since this game (2009, 2017, and 2018 two of which was managed by Bud Black), the Padres would not make the playoffs until 2020, thirteen years later.

General  * "October 1, 2007 San Diego Padres at Colorado Rockies Box Score and Play by Play". *Baseball-Reference.com*. Retrieved April 12, 2010.

Specific

## InfoBox

2007 National League Wild Card tie-breaker game
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13     San Diego Padres 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 8 15 0  **Colorado Rockies** 2 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 9 14 1 | |
| Date | October 1, 2007 |
| Venue | Coors Field |
| City | Denver, Colorado |
| Umpires |  |
| Attendance | 48,404 |
| Television | TBS |
| TV announcers | Don Orsillo and Joe Simpson |
| Radio | ESPN
XEPRS (SD)
KOA (COL) |
| Radio announcers | **ESPN**: Dan Shulman and Dave Campbell
**XEPRS**: Ted Leitner and Jerry Coleman
**KOA**: Jeff Kingery and Jack Corrigan |