abstract: The 2018–19 Gardner–Webb Runnin' Bulldogs men's basketball team represented Gardner–Webb University during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Runnin' Bulldogs, led by sixth-year head coach Tim Craft, played their home games at the Paul Porter Arena in Boiling Springs, North Carolina as members of the Big South Conference. They finished the season 23–12, 10–6 in Big South play to finish in a tie for third place. They defeated High Point, Campbell and Radford to be champions of the Big South tournament. They earned the Big South's automatic-bid to the NCAA tournament, their first NCAA Tournament bid in school history, where they lost in the first round to Virginia.

text:
# 2018–19 Gardner–Webb Runnin' Bulldogs men's basketball team

2018–19 Big South men's basketball standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | PCT |  |  | W |  | L |  | PCT |
| Campbell | 12 |  | 4 |  | .750 |  |  | 20 |  | 13 |  | .606 |
| Radford | 12 |  | 4 |  | .750 |  |  | 22 |  | 11 |  | .667 |
| Winthrop | 10 |  | 6 |  | .625 |  |  | 18 |  | 12 |  | .600 |
| Gardner–Webb | 10 |  | 6 |  | .625 |  |  | 23 |  | 12 |  | .657 |
| High Point | 9 |  | 7 |  | .563 |  |  | 16 |  | 15 |  | .516 |
| Charleston Southern | 9 |  | 7 |  | .563 |  |  | 18 |  | 16 |  | .529 |
| Presbyterian | 9 |  | 7 |  | .563 |  |  | 20 |  | 16 |  | .556 |
| Hampton | 9 |  | 7 |  | .563 |  |  | 18 |  | 17 |  | .514 |
| Longwood | 5 |  | 11 |  | .313 |  |  | 16 |  | 18 |  | .471 |
| UNC Asheville | 2 |  | 14 |  | .125 |  |  | 4 |  | 27 |  | .129 |
| USC Upstate | 1 |  | 15 |  | .063 |  |  | 6 |  | 26 |  | .188 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2019 Big South tournament winner
 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **2018–19 Gardner–Webb Runnin' Bulldogs men's basketball team** represented Gardner–Webb University during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Runnin' Bulldogs, led by sixth-year head coach Tim Craft, played their home games at the Paul Porter Arena in Boiling Springs, North Carolina as members of the Big South Conference. They finished the season 23–12, 10–6 in Big South play to finish in a tie for third place. They defeated High Point, Campbell and Radford to be champions of the Big South tournament. They earned the Big South's automatic-bid to the NCAA tournament, their first NCAA Tournament bid in school history, where they lost in the first round to Virginia.

## Previous season

The Runnin' Bulldogs finished the 2017–18 season 14–18, 9–9 in Big South play to finish in a four-way tie for fifth place. As the No. 6 seed in the Big South tournament, they lost to Winthrop in the quarterfinals.

## Roster

| 2018–19 Gardner–Webb Runnin' Bulldogs men's basketball team | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| Pos. # Name Height Weight Year Hometown  0 Jaylen Alston 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) 190 lb (86 kg) RS Fr Greensboro, North Carolina  1 Jaheam Cornwall 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) 175 lb (79 kg) RS So Brooklyn, New York  2 Eric Jamison, Jr. 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) 185 lb (84 kg) RS Jr East Point, Georgia  3 Justin Jenkins 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) 200 lb (91 kg) RS Jr Knoxville, Tennessee  4 Christian Turner 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) 180 lb (82 kg) Jr Atlanta, Georgia  G/F 5 Jose Perez 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) 195 lb (88 kg) Fr Bronx, New York  10 Nate Johnson 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) 180 lb (82 kg) RS So Miami, Florida  11 David Efianayi 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) 185 lb (84 kg) RS Sr Orlando, Florida  14 Brandon Miller 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) 240 lb (109 kg) RS Sr Orlando, Florida  15 Erick Valdez 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) 200 lb (91 kg) Fr San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic  24 Ludovic Dufeal 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) 185 lb (84 kg) Fr Saint-Joseph, Martinique  25 DJ Laster 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) 230 lb (104 kg) Sr Pensacola, Florida  32 Gabe Bryant 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m) 250 lb (113 kg) Fr Spartanburg, South Carolina | Head coach Assistant coach(es)   ---  Legend* **(C)** Team captain * **(S)** Suspended * **(I)** Ineligible * **(W)** Walk-on  ---  Roster
Last update: October 25, 2018 |

## Schedule and results

| Date
time, TV | Rank# | Opponent# | Result | Record | Site (attendance)
city, state |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Non-conference regular season | | | | | | | | |
| Nov 6, 2018*
7:00 pm, MASN |  | at VCU | **L** 57–69 | 0–1
 | Siegel Center (7,637)
Richmond, VA |
| Nov 9, 2018*
7:00 pm, ACCN Extra |  | at No. 15 Virginia Tech | **L** 59–87 | 0–2
 | Cassell Coliseum (7,736)
Blacksburgh, VA |
| Nov 13, 2018*
7:00 pm, ESPN+ |  | at Furman | **L** 86–88 OT | 0–3
 | Timmons Arena (1,104)
Greenville, SC |
| Nov 16, 2018*
7:00 pm |  | at Savannah State | **W** 97–77 | 1–3
 | Tiger Arena (755)
Savannah, GA |
| Nov 23, 2018*
5:00 pm |  | vs. Eastern Illinois
*Battle in the Blue Ridge* | **L** 78–79 | 1–4
 | U.S. Cellular Center (1,280)
Asheville, NC |
| Nov 24, 2018*
7:30 pm |  | vs. UNC Wilmington
*Battle in the Blue Ridge* | **W** 81–72 | 2–4
 | U.S. Cellular Center (1,250)
Asheville, NC |
| Nov 25, 2018*
3:30 pm |  | vs. Arkansas State
*Battle in the Blue Ridge* | **L** 69–77 | 2–5
 | U.S. Cellular Center (1,037)
Asheville, NC |
| Nov 28, 2018*
7:00 pm, ESPN+ |  | at USC Upstate | **W** 74–61 | 3–5
 | G. B. Hodge Center (635)
Spartanburg, SC |
| Dec 1, 2018*
3:00 pm, ESPN+ |  | Savannah State | **W** 97–60 | 4–5
 | Paul Porter Arena (1,559)
Boiling Springs, NC |
| Dec 6, 2018*
11:00 am, ESPN+ |  | Bob Jones
*Battle in the Blue Ridge* | **W** 105–37 | 5–5
 | Paul Porter Arena (690)
Boiling Springs, NC |
| Dec 8, 2018*
3:00 pm, ESPN+ |  | Johnson & Wales (NC) | **W** 102–55 | 6–5
 | Paul Porter Arena (1,005)
Boiling Springs, NC |
| Dec 13, 2018*
5:00 pm, ESPN+ |  | Kennesaw State | **W** 81–77 OT | 7–5
 | Paul Porter Arena (1,069)
Boiling Springs, NC |
| Dec 17, 2018*
7:30 pm, ACCN Extra |  | at Georgia Tech | **W** 79–69 | 8–5
 | McCamish Pavilion (4,268)
Atlanta, GA |
| Dec 19, 2018*
4:30 pm, ESPN+ |  | Brevard | **W** 106–29 | 9–5
 | Paul Porter Arena (875)
Boiling Springs, NC |
| Dec 29, 2018*
2:00 pm, ACCN Extra |  | at Wake Forest | **W** 73–69 | 10–5
 | LJVM Coliseum (5,975)
Winston-Salem, NC |
| Big South regular season | | | | | | | | |
| Jan 5, 2019
4:30 pm, ESPN+ |  | at Campbell | **L** 61–72 | 10–6
(0–1) | Gore Arena (1,983)
Buies Creek, NC |
| Jan 12, 2019
5:00 pm, ESPN+ |  | USC Upstate | **W** 64–59 | 11–6
(1–1) | Paul Porter Arena (1,750)
Boiling Springs, NC |
| Jan 17, 2019
9:00 pm, ESPNU |  | at Radford | **L** 58–75 | 11–7
(1–2) | Dedmon Center (1,215)
Radford, VA |
| Jan 19, 2019
7:00 pm, ESPN+ |  | Hampton | **W** 87–74 OT | 12–7
(2–2) | Paul Porter Arena (1,250)
Boiling Springs, NC |
| Jan 24, 2019
7:00 pm, ESPN+ |  | at Winthrop | **L** 88–97 | 12–8
(2–3) | Winthrop Coliseum (2,864)
Rock Hill, SC |
| Jan 26, 2019
5:30 pm, ESPN+ |  | at Charleston Southern | **L** 60–74 | 12–9
(2–4) | CSU Field House (628)
North Charleston, SC |
| Jan 30, 2019
7:00 pm, ESPN+ |  | High Point | **W** 69–67 | 13–9
(3–4) | Paul Porter Arena (985)
Boiling Springs, NC |
| Feb 2, 2019
3:00 pm, ESPN+ |  | UNC Asheville | **W** 82–81 OT | 14–9
(4–4) | Paul Porter Arena (1,785)
Boiling Springs, NC |
| Feb 7, 2019
7:00 pm, ESPN+ |  | at Longwood | **W** 89–88 OT | 15–9
(5–4) | Willett Hall (1,472)
Farmville, VA |
| Feb 9, 2019
4:30 pm, ESPN+ |  | at Presbyterian | **L** 101–103 OT | 15–10
(5–5) | Templeton Physical Education Center (596)
Clinton, SC |
| Feb 13, 2019
7:00 pm, ESPN+ |  | Charleston Southern | **W** 77–74 | 16–10
(6–5) | Paul Porter Arena (1,150)
Boiling Springs, NC |
| Feb 16, 2019
5:00 pm, ESPN+ |  | Winthrop | **W** 64–60 | 17–10
(7–5) | Paul Porter Arena (2,049)
Boiling Springs, NC |
| Feb 21, 2019
9:00 p.m., ESPN+ |  | at UNC Asheville | **W** 65–55 | 18–10
(8–5) | Kimmel Arena (1,763)
Asheville, NC |
| Feb 23, 2019
7:00 pm, ESPN+ |  | at High Point | **L** 79–87 | 18–11
(8–6) | Millis Athletic Convocation Center (1,202)
High Point, NC |
| Feb 27, 2019
7:00 pm, ESPN+ |  | Presbyterian | **W** 78–70 | 19–11
(9–6) | Paul Porter Arena (1,285)
Boiling Springs, NC |
| Mar 2, 2019
3:00 pm, ESPN+ |  | Longwood | **W** 66–47 | 20–11
(10–6) | Paul Porter Arena (1,590)
Boiling Springs, NC |
| Big South tournament | | | | | | | | |
| Mar 7, 2019
8:00 pm, ESPN3 | (4) | vs. (5) High Point
*Quarterfinals* | **W** 75–69 | 21–11
 | Gore Arena (2,948)
Buies Creek, NC |
| Mar 7, 2019
8:00 pm, ESPN+ | (4) | at (1) Campbell
*Semifinals* | **W** 79–74 | 22–11
 | Gore Arena (3,090)
Buies Creek, NC |
| Mar 10, 2019
1:00 pm, ESPN | (4) | at (2) Radford
*Championship* | **W** 76–65 | 23–11
 | Dedmon Center (2,772)
Radford, VA |
| NCAA tournament | | | | | | | | |
| Mar 22, 2019*
3:10 pm, truTV | (16 S) | vs. (1 S) No. 2 Virginia
*First Round* | **L** 56–71 | 23–12
 | Colonial Life Arena (15,417)
Columbia, SC |
| *Non-conference game. #Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses.
S=South.
All times are in Eastern Time Source. | | | | | | | | | | | |

Despite both being members of the Big South, their meeting with USC Upstate on November 28 will be considered a non-conference game. The game was scheduled prior to USC Upstate joining the conference. Their meeting on January 12 will be a conference game.

## InfoBox

| 2018–19 Gardner–Webb Runnin' Bulldogs men's basketball | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Big South tournament champions | |
| NCAA tournament, First Round | |
| Conference | Big South Conference |
| Record | 23–12 (10–6 Big South) |
| Head coach |  |
| Assistant coaches |  |
| Home arena | Paul Porter Arena |
|


title: Fehim Spaho

abstract: Fehim Spaho was a Bosnian Muslim imam who served as the Grand Mufti of Yugoslavia from 1938 to 1942. He is one of the most prominent Bosniak cultural figures of his time.

text:
# Fehim Spaho

**Fehim Spaho** (13 February 1877 – 14 February 1942) was a Bosnian Muslim imam who served as the Grand Mufti of Yugoslavia from 1938 to 1942. He is one of the most prominent Bosniak cultural figures of his time.

## Early life

Fehim Spaho was born on 13 February 1877 in Ottoman-controlled Sarajevo to a coppersmith family. His father, Hasan Spaho was an expert of the Sharia law, and before the Austro-Hungarian occupation in 1878, he was a judge in Jajce, Sofia, Damascus and Cairo. His mother was Fatima (née Bičakčić). Spaho had two brothers, Mehmed, a notable politician, and Mustafa and three sisters, Behija, Aiša and Habiba.

## Career

Spaho was educated in Sarajevo and attended Sharia Law school. He worked in varying positions in Sarajevo and Belgrade's local governments between 1901 and 1920. He later returned to Sarajevo, where he was a senior government adviser on faith. He served as president of the Higher Sharia Court in Sarajevo from 1936 until 1938.

On 20 April 1938, Spaho was among three candidates for the position of Reis-l-ulema, or Grand Mufti of Yugoslavia. He was appointed on 26 April 1938 and his inauguration ceremony occurred in Sarajevo's Emperor's Mosque on 9 June 1938. Following the start of World War II and the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), Spaho continued to serve as Grand Mufti. Alongisde archbishop Ivan Šarić, he supported Croatian fascist leader Ante Pavelić and the creation of the NDH.

Spaho served until his sudden death on 14 February 1942 in war-torn Sarajevo, one day after turning 65.

## InfoBox

| Fehim Spaho | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Title | Former Grand Mufti of Yugoslavia |
| Personal | |
| Born | (1877-02-13)13 February 1877
Sarajevo, Bosnia Vilayet, Ottoman Empire |
| Died | 14 February 1942(1942-02-14) (aged 65)
Sarajevo, Independent State of Croatia |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
| Senior posting | |
| Period in office | 9 June 1938 – 14 February 1942 |
| Predecessor | Ibrahim Maglajlić |
| Successor | Ibrahim Fejić |


title: Banquet (album)

abstract: Banquet is the fourth album by German progressive rock band Lucifer's Friend, released in 1974. By this time there was no hard rock sound, it was now strictly progressive rock mixed with jazz fusion. The song "Our World Is a Rock 'n' Roll Band" was the opening track on some versions of the original LP release, but the only CD releases to date do not include this track, which can instead be found as a bonus track on the Repertoire Records CD release of their self-titled debut.

text:
# Banquet (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Banquet*** is the fourth album by German progressive rock band Lucifer's Friend, released in 1974. By this time there was no hard rock sound, it was now strictly progressive rock mixed with jazz fusion. The song "Our World Is a Rock 'n' Roll Band" was the opening track on some versions (i.e. the U.S. version) of the original LP release, but the only CD releases to date do not include this track, which can instead be found as a bonus track on the Repertoire Records CD release of their self-titled debut.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Spanish Galleon" | Hesslein, Lawton | 11:50 |
| 2. | "Thus Spoke Oberon" | Bacardi, Docker, Hesslein, Lawton | 6:44 |
| 3. | "High Flying Lady - Goodbye" | Bacardit, Hesslein, Lawton, O' Brian-Docker | 3:40 |
| 4. | "Sorrow" | Hesslein, Lawton | 11:36 |
| 5. | "Dirty Old Town" | Hesslein, Horns, Lawton | 4:46 |

### U.S. Vinyl Release

Side One
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Our World Is a Rock 'n' Roll Band" | Becker, O'Brian Docker | 3:18 |
| 2. | "Spanish Galleon" | Hesslein, Lawton | 11:50 |
| 3. | "Thus Spoke Oberon" | Bacardi, O'Brian Docker | 6:44 |

Side Two
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 4. | "High Flying Lady - Goodbye" | Hesslein, Lawton | 3:40 |
| 5. | "Sorrow" | Hesslein, Lawton | 11:36 |
| 6. | "Dirty Old Town" | Horns, Hesslein, Lawton | 4:46 |

## Personnel

### Band

* John Lawton – lead vocals
* Peter Hesslein – electric and acoustic guitars, 12-string guitar, percussion, backing vocals
* Dieter Horns – bass, backing vocals
* Herbert Bornhold – drums, percussion, backing vocals
* Peter Hecht – piano, organ, Moog synthesizer, electric piano (Fender Rhodes)

### Additional musicians

* Herb Geller – alto saxophone (track 1), flute (track 4)
* Karl-Hermann Lüer – baritone saxophone
* Stefan Dobrzynski – tenor saxophone
* Wilfried Schoberanzky – bassoon
* Klaus Holle – flute
* Franz Behle – oboe
* Rolf Lind – French horn
* Hans Alves – English horn
* Kurt Donocik, Luigi Schaufub, Walter Hillinghaus – cello
* Günter Fulisch, Heinz Reese, Waldemar Erbe, Wolfgang Ahlers – trombone
* Bob Lanese, Heinz Habermann, Manfred Moch – trumpet
* Bruno Korzuschek, Günter Grünig, Werner Knupke – viola
* Fritz Köhnsen, Günter Klein, Günther Zander, Heinz Donocik, Helmut Jochens, Helmut Rahn, Ingeborg Kaufmann, Otto Kaufmann, Reinhold Gabriel, Senia Daschewski – violin
* Dave Brian, Elvira Herbert, Sheila McKinley – choir

### Production

* Lucifer's Friend – producer, arranger
* Peter Hecht – horns & strings arrangement
* Sebastian F.B. Dietrich – photography
* Volker Heintzen – engineer

* "Lucifer's Friend - Banquet at Discogs". *discogs.com*. Retrieved 31 July 2015.

## InfoBox

| Banquet | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Lucifer's Friend | |
| Released | 1974 |
| Recorded | 1974 |
| Genre | Progressive rock, jazz fusion |
| Length | 40:35 (LP Release), 37:17 (CD Release) |
| Label | Billingsgate Records (in the US)
Vertigo Records (in Europe) |
| Producer | Lucifer's Friend |
| Lucifer's Friend chronology | |
| *I'm Just a Rock 'n' Roll Singer*
(1973) ***Banquet***
(1974) *Mind Exploding*
(1976) | |


title: 1969 Indian vice presidential election

abstract: The 1969 Indian vice presidential election was held on 30 August 1969. Gopal Swarup Pathak won the election to become the fourth vice president of India. The election was occurred since the sitting VP, Varahagiri Venkata Giri resigned to contest the presidential election after the death of incumbent President Zakir Husain.

text:
# 1969 Indian vice presidential election

The **1969 Indian vice presidential election** was held on 30 August 1969. Gopal Swarup Pathak won the election to become the fourth vice president of India. The election was occurred since the sitting VP, Varahagiri Venkata Giri resigned to contest the presidential election after the death of incumbent President Zakir Husain.

## Schedule

The election schedule was announced by the Election Commission of India on 31 July 1969.

| S.No. | Poll Event | Date |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Last Date for filing nomination | 9 August 1969 |
| 2. | Date for Scrutiny of nomination | 11 August 1969 |
| 3. | Last Date for Withdrawal of nomination | 14 August 1969 |
| 4. | Date of Poll | 30 August 1969 |
| 5. | **Date of Counting** | **30 August 1969** | |
|

## Result

The Electoral College consisted of 759 members of Parliament of India. There were 6 contesting candidates and the counting of votes was taken up immediately after the conclusion of the poll. The result was declared after the first round of counting of first preference votes. Pathak was declared elected after getting 400 first preference votes.

## InfoBox

1969 Indian vice presidential election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee Gopal Swarup Pathak    Party Independent   Home state Uttar Pradesh   Electoral vote 400 | |
| ---  **Vice President before election**
*Vacant, last held by*
Varahagiri Venkata Giri
Independent **Elected Vice President**
Gopal Swarup Pathak
Independent | |


title: Eskil Brodd

abstract: Eskil Augustus Brodd was a Swedish diver who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He finished sixth in a heat of the 3 m springboard event and did not advance to the final.

text:
# Eskil Brodd

**Eskil Augustus Brodd** (28 August 1885 – 2 October 1969) was a Swedish diver who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics. He finished sixth in a heat of the 3 m springboard event and did not advance to the final.

## InfoBox

Eskil Brodd
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | 28 August 1885
Bälinge, Uppsala, Sweden |
| Died | 2 October 1969 (aged 84)
Täby, Stockholm, Sweden |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Diving |
| Club | Upsala SS |


title: Avro 511

abstract: The Avro 511 was designed as a fast scouting aircraft just before the First World War. Modified, it became the Avro 514. Though it had innovative features, development did not continue after the start of hostilities.

text:
# Avro 511

The **Avro 511** was designed as a fast scouting aircraft just before the First World War. Modified, it became the **Avro 514**. Though it had innovative features, development did not continue after the start of hostilities.

## Design and development

The Avro 511 was designed as a fast scout for military use at a time (1913) when the role of aircraft in war was first emerging. It was a single-seat wood-and-canvas biplane. The fuselage was of square cross-section and carried Avro's characteristic "comma" rudder, with no fin. The wings were heavily staggered and had pronounced sweepback, both features intended to improve stability. They were not constructed with the usual span-length spars, but used a cellular approach. The interplane struts were not the usual single-piece shaped rods, but built up multi-piece, wide chord structures covered in canvas. There were conventional midsection "N" type struts between the fuselage and the upper wing. Ailerons were carried on both upper and lower wings. Most unusually for its time, the inboard lower wing featured landing flaps, so the 511 landed at a sedate 35 mph (56 km/h).

The single rotary Gnome Monosoupape was neatly cowled, though this was later modified to improve cooling. Mainwheels were mounted on a single axle plus centre-skid undercarriage and there was a tailskid.

Later in 1914 the 511 was modified with a new pair of wings with no sweepback and a V-form (cranked axle), skidless main undercarriage, becoming the Avro 514.

## Operational history

The Avro 511 was on static display at the Olympia Aero Show in London in March 1914 and was entered for the Aerial Derby Race around London in May. The race was postponed by bad weather. Though not as fast as had been estimated (95-100 mph/150–160 km/h), it was entered for the postponed race in June after modification into the **Avro 514**, but a mechanical failure while taxiing prevented participation.

Repaired, the 514 flew successfully in July 1914, but no further development was undertaken.

## Specifications

*Data from* Jackson 1965, p. 72

**General characteristics**

* **Crew:** one
* **Length:** 22 ft 4 in (6.80 m)
* **Wingspan:** 26 ft 0 in (7.92 m)
* **Height:** 9 ft 4 in (2.84 m)
* **Wing area:** 255 sq ft (23.7 m2)
* **Empty weight:** 675 lb (306 kg)
* **Gross weight:** 1,165 lb (530 kg)
* **Powerplant:** 1 × Gnome Monosoupape , 80 hp (60 kW)

**Performance**

* **Maximum speed:** 90 mph (145 km/h, 78 kn)

* Jackson, A.J. (1965). *Avro Aircraft since 1908*. London: Putnam Publishing.

## InfoBox

| Avro 511 | |
| --- | --- |
| Role | scout |
| National origin | United Kingdom |
| Manufacturer | A.V. Roe & Co. |
| Designer | H.E. Broadsmith |
| First flight | 1913? |
| Number built | 1 |


title: 636 BC

abstract: The year 636 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as year 118 Ab urbe condita. The denomination 636 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

text:
# 636 BC

636 BC in various calendars
| Gregorian calendar | 636 BC
*DCXXXVI BC* |
| --- | --- |
| Ab urbe condita | 118 |
| Ancient Egypt era | XXVI dynasty, 29 |
| *\- Pharaoh* | Psamtik I, 29 |
| Ancient Greek era | 36th Olympiad (victor |
| Assyrian calendar | 4115 |
| Balinese saka calendar | *N/A* |
| Bengali calendar | −1228 |
| Berber calendar | 315 |
| Buddhist calendar | −91 |
| Burmese calendar | −1273 |
| Byzantine calendar | 4873–4874 |
| Chinese calendar | 甲申年 (Wood Monkey)
2062 or 1855
*to*
乙酉年 (Wood Rooster)
2063 or 1856 |
| Coptic calendar | −919 – −918 |
| Discordian calendar | 531 |
| Ethiopian calendar | −643 – −642 |
| Hebrew calendar | 3125–3126 |
| Hindu calendars |  |
| \- *Vikram Samvat* | −579 – −578 |
| \- *Shaka Samvat* | *N/A* |
| \- *Kali Yuga* | 2465–2466 |
| Holocene calendar | 9365 |
| Iranian calendar | 1257 BP – 1256 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 1296 BH – 1295 BH |
| Javanese calendar | *N/A* |
| Julian calendar | *N/A* |
| Korean calendar | 1698 |
| Minguo calendar | 2547 before ROC
民前2547年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −2103 |
| Thai solar calendar | −93 – −92 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳木猴年
(male Wood-Monkey)
−509 or −890 or −1662
*to*
阴木鸡年
(female Wood-Rooster)
−508 or −889 or −1661 |

The year **636 BC** was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as **year 118 *Ab urbe condita*** . The denomination 636 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events

## Births

## Deaths

## InfoBox

| Millennium: | 1st millennium BC |
| --- | --- |
| Centuries: |  |
| Decades: |  |
| Years: |  |


title: 2014 Georgia Attorney General election

abstract: The 2014 Georgia Attorney General election took place on November 4, 2014, to elect the Attorney General of Georgia. Incumbent Republican Attorney General Sam Olens ran for a second term and won, defeating former Democratic state senator Greg Hecht with 56.93% of the vote.

text:
# 2014 Georgia Attorney General election

The **2014 Georgia Attorney General election** took place on November 4, 2014, to elect the Attorney General of Georgia. Incumbent Republican Attorney General Sam Olens ran for a second term and won, defeating former Democratic state senator Greg Hecht with 56.93% of the vote.

## Republican primary

### Candidates

#### Nominee

### Results

Republican primary results
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Sam Olens (incumbent)** | *Unopposed* | | |
| Total votes | | |  | **100.0** |

## Democratic primary

### Candidates

#### Nominee

### Results

Democratic primary results
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Greg Hecht** | *Unopposed* | | |
| Total votes | | |  | **100.0** |

## General election

### Polling

| Poll source | Date(s) administered | Sample size | Margin of error | Sam Olens (R) | Greg Hecht (D) | Undecided |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Public Policy Polling | November 1–3, 2014 | 975 | ± 3.1% | **51%** | 37% | 12% |
| SurveyUSA | October 30 – November 2, 2014 | 591 | ± 4.1% | **51%** | 39% | 9% |
| SurveyUSA | October 24–27, 2014 | 611 | ± 4% | **48%** | 43% | 10% |
| Landmark Communications | October 20–21, 2014 | 1,000 | ± 2.75% | **52%** | 44% | 4% |
| SurveyUSA | October 10–13, 2014 | 563 | ± 4.2% | **46%** | 43% | 11% |
| Landmark Communications | October 7–9, 2014 | 1,000 | ± 3.1% | **50%** | 44% | 7% |
| SurveyUSA | October 2–6, 2014 | 566 | ± 4.2% | **46%** | 39% | 15% |
| Public Policy Polling | October 2–5, 2014 | 895 | ± 3.3% | **45%** | 36% | 19% |
| SurveyUSA | September 19–22, 2014 | 550 | ± 4.3% | **48%** | 41% | 12% |
| SurveyUSA | September 5–8, 2014 | 558 | ± 4.2% | **49%** | 41% | 10% |
| SurveyUSA | August 14–17, 2014 | 560 | ± 4.2% | **49%** | 36% | 15% |

### Results

2014 Georgia Attorney General election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Sam Olens (incumbent)** | **1,436,987** | **56.93%** |
|  | Democratic | Greg Hecht | 1,087,268 | 43.07% |
| Total votes | | | **2,524,255** | **100.00%** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | | |

1. "GA - Election Results". *results.enr.clarityelections.com*. Retrieved September 6, 2024.
2. "Olens running for re-election". The Valdosta Daily Times. May 10, 2013. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
3. Kathleen Baydala Joyner (March 10, 2014). "Hecht to Challenge Olens for AG in Fall". *Daily Report*. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
*

## InfoBox

2014 Georgia Attorney General election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Turnout | 42.25% |
| Nominee **Sam Olens** Greg Hecht   Party Republican Democratic  Popular vote **1,436,987** 1,087,268  Percentage **56.93%** 43.07% | |
| ---  **Attorney General before election**
Sam Olens
Republican **Elected Attorney General**
Sam Olens
Republican | |


abstract: The men's 110 metres hurdles event at the 1990 World Junior Championships in Athletics was held in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, at Deveti Septemvri Stadium on 10 and 11 August. 106.7 cm (3'6) hurdles were used.

text:
# 1990 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Men's 110 metres hurdles

The **men's 110 metres hurdles** event at the **1990 World Junior Championships in Athletics** was held in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, at Deveti Septemvri Stadium on 10 and 11 August. 106.7 cm (3'6) (senior implement) hurdles were used.

## Medalists

| **Gold** | Antti Haapakoski
*Finland* |
| --- | --- |
| **Silver** | Alexis Sánchez
*Cuba* |
| **Bronze** | Kyle Vander-Kuyp
*Australia* |

## Results

### Final

11 August
Wind: -0.2 m/s

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Antti Haapakoski | Finland | **13.74** |  |
|  | Alexis Sánchez | Cuba | **13.75** |  |
|  | Kyle Vander-Kuyp | Australia | **13.85** |  |
| 4 | Phillip Riley | United States | **13.94** |  |
| 5 | Eliecer Pulgar | Venezuela | **14.02** |  |
| 6 | Mike Fenner | East Germany | **14.18** |  |
| 7 | José Pérez | Cuba | **14.19** |  |
| 8 | Gaute Gundersen | Norway | **14.21** |  |

### Semifinals

11 August

#### Semifinal 1

Wind: +1.0 m/s

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Alexis Sánchez | Cuba | **13.85** | **Q** |
| 2 | Mike Fenner | East Germany | **13.88** | **Q** |
| 3 | Eliecer Pulgar | Venezuela | **14.00** | **Q** |
| 4 | Gaute Gundersen | Norway | **14.11** | **Q** |
| 5 | Glenn Terry | United States | **14.14** |  |
| 6 | Dmitriy Kolesnichenko | Soviet Union | **14.28** |  |
| 7 | Thierry Herbe | France | **14.41** |  |
| 8 | Tim Kroeker | Canada | **14.42** |  |

#### Semifinal 2

Wind: +3.1 m/s

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Antti Haapakoski | Finland | **13.67** **w** | **Q** |
| 2 | Kyle Vander-Kuyp | Australia | **13.93** **w** | **Q** |
| 3 | Phillip Riley | United States | **13.98** **w** | **Q** |
| 4 | José Pérez | Cuba | **14.08** **w** | **Q** |
| 5 | Artur Kohutek | Poland | **14.36** **w** |  |
| 6 | Armin Toomra | Soviet Union | **14.48** **w** |  |
| 7 | Richard Harbour | United Kingdom | **14.51** **w** |  |
| 8 | Claude Edorh | West Germany | **14.60** **w** |  |

### Heats

10 August

#### Heat 1

Wind: +0.7 m/s

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | José Pérez | Cuba | **14.02** | **Q** |
| 2 | Artur Kohutek | Poland | **14.16** | **Q** |
| 3 | Kyle Vander-Kuyp | Australia | **14.19** | **Q** |
| 4 | Richard Harbour | United Kingdom | **14.37** | **q** |
| 5 | Armin Toomra | Soviet Union | **14.39** | **q** |
| 6 | Herwigh Kranz | East Germany | **14.69** |  |

#### Heat 2

Wind: +0.3 m/s

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Glenn Terry | United States | **14.18** | **Q** |
| 2 | Eliecer Pulgar | Venezuela | **14.23** | **Q** |
| 3 | Tim Kroeker | Canada | **14.46** | **Q** |
| 4 | Thierry Herbe | France | **14.47** | **q** |
| 5 | Peter Frei | Switzerland | **14.51** |  |
| 6 | Tsai Ming-Yuan | Chinese Taipei | **15.14** |  |

#### Heat 3

Wind: +0.6 m/s

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Antti Haapakoski | Finland | **14.03** | **Q** |
| 2 | Mike Fenner | East Germany | **14.16** | **Q** |
| 3 | Claude Edorh | West Germany | **14.40** | **Q** |
| 4 | Emmanuel Pilutti | France | **14.50** |  |
| 5 | Keiichiro Seki | Japan | **14.68** |  |
| 6 | Johan Lisabeth | Belgium | **14.69** |  |
| 7 | Marco Mina | Peru | **14.74** |  |

#### Heat 4

Wind: +0.3 m/s

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Alexis Sánchez | Cuba | **13.89** | **Q** |
| 2 | Phillip Riley | United States | **14.09** | **Q** |
| 3 | Gaute Gundersen | Norway | **14.18** | **Q** |
| 4 | Dmitriy Kolesnichenko | Soviet Union | **14.34** | **q** |
| 5 | Krzysztof Skwarek | Poland | **14.62** |  |
| 6 | Jean-Paul Bruwier | Belgium | **14.77** |  |
| 7 | Christoph Pöstinger | Austria | **14.80** |  |
| 8 | Ivo Seyzov | Bulgaria | **15.24** |  |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 27 athletes from 20 countries participated in the event.


title: 2010–11 British and Irish Cup

abstract: The 2010–11 British and Irish Cup was the 2nd season of the annual rugby union competition for second tier, semi-professional clubs from Britain and Ireland. First round matches began on Friday 15 October 2010 and the final was held on Saturday 7 May 2011. Defending champions Cornish Pirates were unable to make it out of the pool stages. Bristol lifted the cup, narrowly defeating Bedford Blues 17–14 in the first all-English final.

text:
# 2010–11 British and Irish Cup

**The 2010–11 British and Irish Cup** was the 2nd season of the annual rugby union competition for second tier, semi-professional clubs from Britain and Ireland. First round matches began on Friday 15 October 2010 and the final was held on Saturday 7 May 2011.

Defending champions Cornish Pirates were unable to make it out of the pool stages. Bristol lifted the cup, narrowly defeating Bedford Blues 17–14 in the first all-English final.

## Teams

The allocation of teams was as follows:

| England | Ireland | Scotland | Wales |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |

## Competition format

The teams were divided into four pools of six, playing over five weekends during the Autumn International and Six Nations windows. The four pool winners and runners-up contested a knock-out stage, with quarter-finals on 5 or 6 March, semi-finals on 23 March and the final on 7 May.

## Pool stages

### Pool A

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD | T | TB | LB | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Worcester Warriors | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 175 | 87 | +88 | 22 | 3 | 0 | 19 |
| 2 | Leinster A | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 138 | 117 | +21 | 18 | 3 | 0 | 19 |
| 3 | Cornish Pirates | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 175 | 108 | +67 | 23 | 4 | 1 | 17 |
| 4 | Newport | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 121 | 159 | 38 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 16 |
| 5 | Plymouth Albion | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 76 | 144 | 68 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| 6 | Currie | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 104 | 174 | 70 | 11 | 0 | 2 | 2 |

Source:
Rules for classification: * 4 points for a win
* 2 points for a draw
* 1 bonus point for a loss by seven points or less
* 1 bonus point for scoring four or more tries in a match

| Newport | 28 – 33 | Leinster A |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Worcester Warriors | 58 – 10 | Newport |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Leinster A | 25 – 16 | Plymouth Albion |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Cornish Pirates | 54 – 31 | Currie |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Cornish Pirates | 43 – 12 | Leinster A |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Currie | 23 – 25 | Newport |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Leinster A | 38 – 23 | Worcester Warriors |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Cornish Pirates | 34 – 3 | Plymouth Albion |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Newport | 34 – 32 | Cornish Pirates |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Worcester Warriors | 34 – 11 | Plymouth Albion |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Leinster A | 30 – 7 | Currie |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Plymouth Albion | 13 – 24 | Newport |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Currie | 16 – 32 | Worcester Warriors |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Plymouth Albion | 33 – 27 | Currie |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Worcester Warriors | 28 – 12 | Cornish Pirates |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

### Pool B

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD | T | TB | LB | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Bristol | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 161 | 95 | +66 | 22 | 3 | 0 | 19 |
| 2 | Llanelli | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 123 | 66 | +57 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 18 |
| 3 | Munster A | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 149 | 79 | +70 | 18 | 2 | 1 | 15 |
| 4 | Nottingham | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 128 | 103 | +25 | 18 | 3 | 2 | 13 |
| 5 | Melrose | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 104 | 147 | 43 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
| 6 | Esher | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 46 | 221 | 175 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 |

Source:
Rules for classification: * 4 points for a win
* 2 points for a draw
* 1 bonus point for a loss by seven points or less
* 1 bonus point for scoring four or more tries in a match

| Munster A | 13 – 15 | Llanelli |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Bristol | 23 – 37 | Nottingham |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Melrose | 14 – 47 | Munster A |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Esher | 14 – 33 | Llanelli |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Melrose | 24 – 18 | Esher |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Esher | 5 – 55 | Bristol |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Nottingham | 14 – 15 | Munster A |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Llanelli | 24 – 9 | Melrose |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Munster A | 64 – 9 | Esher |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Bristol | 27 – 17 | Llanelli |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Nottingham | 29 – 31 | Melrose |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Bristol | 27 – 10 | Munster A |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Llanelli | 34 – 3 | Nottingham |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Melrose | 26 – 29 | Bristol |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Esher | 0 – 45 | Nottingham |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

### Pool C

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD | T | TB | LB | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Bedford Blues | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 164 | 66 | +98 | 18 | 3 | 0 | 23 |
| 2 | Moseley | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 117 | 113 | +4 | 16 | 2 | 0 | 18 |
| 3 | Neath | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 78 | 76 | +2 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 14 |
| 4 | London Welsh | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 93 | 99 | 6 | 14 | 1 | 2 | 11 |
| 5 | Ulster Ravens | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 109 | 128 | 19 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 7 |
| 6 | Swansea | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 61 | 140 | 79 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 2 |

Source:
Rules for classification: * 4 points for a win
* 2 points for a draw
* 1 bonus point for a loss by seven points or less
* 1 bonus point for scoring four or more tries in a match

| Swansea | 12 – 32 | Ulster Ravens |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| London Welsh | 21 – 24 | Moseley |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Bedford Blues | 36 – 22 | Ulster Ravens |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Ulster Ravens | 20 – 25 | Neath |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Bedford Blues | 44 – 14 | London Welsh |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Moseley | 28 – 22 | Swansea |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Neath | 6 – 13 | Bedford Blues |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| London Welsh | 29 – 11 | Ulster Ravens |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Moseley | 24 – 18 | Neath |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Swansea | 9 – 43 | Bedford Blues |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Swansea | 12 – 15 | Neath |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Ulster Ravens | 24 – 26 | Moseley |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Neath | 14 – 7 | London Welsh |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Bedford Blues | 28 – 15 | Moseley |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| London Welsh | 22 – 6 | Swansea |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

### Pool D

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD | T | TB | LB | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Pontypridd | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 140 | 80 | +60 | 18 | 3 | 0 | 23 |
| 2 | Ayr | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 93 | 101 | 8 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
| 3 | Doncaster | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 142 | 128 | +14 | 15 | 1 | 2 | 11 |
| 4 | Birmingham & Solihull | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 95 | 90 | +5 | 13 | 1 | 2 | 11 |
| 5 | Llandovery | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 92 | 106 | 14 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 9 |
| 6 | Rotherham | 5 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 83 | 140 | 57 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 3 |

Source:
Rules for classification: * 4 points for a win
* 2 points for a draw
* 1 bonus point for a loss by seven points or less
* 1 bonus point for scoring four or more tries in a match

| Llandovery | 18 – 28 | Pontypridd |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Rotherham | 17 – 34 | Llandovery |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Pontypridd | 33 – 12 | Ayr |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Birmingham & Solihull | 35 – 29 | Doncaster |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Pontypridd | 21 – 12 | Rotherham |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Llandovery | 6 – 27 | Doncaster |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Birmingham & Solihull | 12 – 18 | Ayr |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Rotherham | 20 – 20 | Ayr |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Doncaster | 23 – 35 | Pontypridd |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Pontypridd | 23 – 15 | Birmingham & Solihull |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Ayr | 20 – 19 | Llandovery |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Llandovery | 15 – 14 | Birmingham & Solihull |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Doncaster | 46 – 29 | Rotherham |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Ayr | 23 – 17 | Doncaster |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

| Birmingham & Solihull | 19 – 5 | Rotherham |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Stats |  |

---

## Knock-out stages

### Qualifiers

The four pool winners and the four runners up proceeded to the knock out stages. The best four qualifiers (pool winners) had home advantage in the quarter-finals.

| Qualification | Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD | T | TB | LB | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pool C Winner | Bedford Blues | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 164 | 66 | +98 | 18 | 3 | 0 | 23 |
| Pool D Winner | Pontypridd | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 140 | 80 | +60 | 18 | 3 | 0 | 23 |
| Pool A Winner | Worcester Warriors | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 175 | 87 | +88 | 22 | 3 | 0 | 19 |
| Pool B Winner | Bristol | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 161 | 95 | +66 | 22 | 3 | 0 | 19 |
| Pool A Runner-up | Leinster A | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 138 | 117 | +21 | 18 | 3 | 0 | 19 |
| Pool B Runner-up | Llanelli | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 123 | 66 | +57 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 18 |
| Pool C Runner-up | Moseley | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 117 | 113 | +4 | 16 | 2 | 0 | 18 |
| Pool D Runner-up | Ayr | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 93 | 101 | 8 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 14 |

Source:

### Quarter-finals

| Pontypridd | 12 - 10 | Llanelli |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Pen:** Humberstone 5'c, 30'c, 68'c (3/3), Gunter 79'c (1/1) | Report
Stats | **Try:** Hopkins 38'c
**Con:** Shingler (1/1)
**Drop:** Shingler 76'c (1/1) |

---

| Worcester Warriors | 57 - 15 | Moseley |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Try:** Sanderson 10'c, 24'c, Garvey 27'c, 38'c, Crockett 30'c, Frost 44'c, Grove 50'c, Shervington 74'm
**Con:** Carlisle (7/8)
**Pen:** Carlisle 20'c (1/1) | Report
Stats | **Try:** Sigley 64'm, Borgen 80'c
**Con:** Thomas (1/2)
**Pen:** Thomas 2'c (1/1) |

---

| Bedford Blues | 50 - 15 | Leinster A |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Try:** Schmidt 14'm, 20'm, 58'c, 64'c, Dodge 32'c, Thrower 79'c
**Con:** Pritchard (4/6)
**Pen:** Pritchard 19'c, 43'c, 46'c, 76'c (4/4) | Report
Stats | **Try:** Auva'a 53'c, 73'm
**Con:** Madigan (1/2)
**Pen:** Madigan 36'c (1/1) |

---

| Bristol | 29 - 19 | Ayr |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Try:** Gadd 9'm, Merriman 15'c, 39'c, Watkins 41'c
**Con:** Barnes (3/4)
**Pen:** Barnes 5'm, 73'c (1/2) | Report
Stats | **Try:** Taylor 30'm, Manning 48'c, Ferguson 69'c
**Con:** Curle (2/3)
**Pen:** Curle 40'm (0/1) |

---

### Semi-finals

| Pontypridd | 25 - 36 | Bristol |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Try:** Siggery 13'c, Humberstone 74'c, Waters 78'm
**Con:** Humberstone (2/3)
**Pen:** Humberstone 34'c, 39'c (2/2) | Report
Stats | **Try:** Norton 4'c, 69'c, Penalty try 15'c, Blaney 51'm, Watkins 64'c
**Con:** Barnes (4/5)
**Pen:** Barnes 3'c |

---

| Bedford Blues | 43 - 27 | Worcester Warriors |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Try:** Seal 13'c, Tupai 17'c, 30'c, Rae 23'm, Pritchard 47'c, Thrower 60'c
**Con:** Pritchard (5/6)
**Pen:** Pritchard 53'c | Report
Stats | **Try:** Carlisle 4'c, Grove 6'c, King 76'c
**Con:** Carlisle (2/2), Walker (1/1)
**Pen:** Walker 26'c, 45'c (2/2) |

---

### Final

| Bristol | 17 - 14 | Bedford Blues |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Try:** Elliott 51'm
**Con:** Barnes (0/1)
**Pen:** Barnes 13'm, 33'c, 36'c, 40'c, 75'c (4/5) | Report
Stats | **Try:** Schmidt 80'm
**Con:** Pritchard (0/1)
**Pen:** Pritchard 9'c, 61'c, 64'm, 70'c (3/4) |

| FB **15**  George Watkins  RW **14**  Anthony Elliott  OC **13**  Jack Adams  IC **12**  Junior Fatialofa  LW **11**  Dan Norton  FH **10**  Ed Barnes  SH **9**  Robbie Shaw  80'  N8 **8**  Dan Montagu  OF **7**  James Merriman  BF **6**  Iain Grieve ()  RL **5**  Roy Winters  LL **4**  Mariano Sambucetti  71'  TP **3**  Darren Crompton  57'  HK **2**  David Blaney  LP **1**  Mark Irish  74'  **Replacements:**  HK **16**  Ollie Hayes  PR **17**  Wayne Thompson  57'  PR **18**  Mako Vunipola  74'  LK **19**  Darren Barry  71'  N8 **20**  Marco Mama  SH **21**  Richard Bolt  80'  FH **22**  Mark Davies  **Coach:**  Paul Hull | FB **15**  Edd Thrower  52'  RW **14**  Handre Schmidt  OC **13**  Myles Dorrian  IC **12**  Ollie Dodge  LW **11**  James Pritchard ()  FH **10**  Jake Sharp  SH **9**  Will Chudley  52'  N8 **8**  Paul Tupai  OF **7**  Alex Rae  39' to 49'  BF **6**  Gregor Gillanders  71'  RL **5**  George Kruis  LL **4**  Mike Howard  TP **3**  Phil Boulton  61'  HK **2**  Dan Richmond  LP **1**  Dan Seal  **Replacements:**  HK **16**  Chris Locke  PR **17**  Sam Walsh  61'  LK **18**  Sean Tomes  71'  N8 **19**  Chris Goodman  SH **20**  Darryl Veenendaal  52'  CE **21**  Tom Bedford  WG **22**  Duncan Taylor  52'  **Coach:**  Mike Rayer |
| --- | --- |

## Top scorers

## Geography

| Team | Stadium | Capacity | City/Area/Country |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ayr | Millbrae | Unknown | Alloway, South Ayrshire, Scotland |
| Bedford Blues | Goldington Road | 4,684 | Bedford, Bedfordshire, England |
| Birmingham & Solihull | Damson Park | 3,050 | Solihull, West Midlands, England |
| Bristol | Memorial Stadium | 12,100 | Bristol, England |
| Cornish Pirates | Mennaye Field | 3,500 | Penzance, Cornwall, England |
| Currie | Malleny Park | Unknown | Balerno, Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Doncaster | Castle Park | 3,075 | Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England |
| Esher | Molesey Road | Unknown | Esher, England |
| Leinster A | Donnybrook | 7,000 | Dublin, Leinster, Ireland |
| Llandovery | Church Bank | 5,000 | Llandovery, Wales |
| Llanelli | Parc y Scarlets | 14,870 | Llanelli, Carmarthenshire, Wales |
| London Welsh | Old Deer Park | 5,850 | London, England |
| Melrose | The Greenyards | Unknown | Melrose, Scottish Borders, Scotland |
| Moseley | Billesley Common | 3,000+ (650 seated) | Birmingham, West Midlands, England |
| Munster A | Musgrave Park | 8,300 | Cork, County Cork, Ireland |
| Neath | The Gnoll | 7,500 | Neath, Neath Port Talbot, Wales |
| Newport | Rodney Parade | 10,500 | Newport, Wales |
| Nottingham | Meadow Lane | 19,588 | Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, England |
| Plymouth Albion | The Brickfields | 6,500 | Plymouth, Devon, England |
| Pontypridd | Sardis Road | 7,861 | Pontypridd, Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales |
| Rotherham | Clifton Lane | 2,500 | Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England |
| Swansea | St Helens | 4,500 | Swansea, Wales |
| Ulster A | Ravenhill Stadium | 12,125 | Belfast, Ulster, Northern Ireland |
| Worcester Warriors | Sixways Stadium | 12,068 | Worcester, England |

## InfoBox

| 2010–11 British and Irish Cup | |
| --- | --- |
| Tournament details | |
| Countries | England
Ireland
Scotland
Wales |
| Tournament format(s) | Round-robin and knockout |
| Date | October 2010 - May 2011 |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Teams | 24 |
| Matches played | 67 |
| Attendance | 81,295 (1,213 per match) |
| Tries scored | 388 (5.79 per match) |
| Top point scorer(s) | James Pritchard (Bedford Blues)
(128 points) |
| Top try scorer(s) | Handre Schmidt (Bedford Blues)
(11 tries) |
| Final | |
| Venue | Memorial Stadium, Bristol |
| Attendance | 4,375 |
| Champions | Bristol (1st title) |
| Runners-up | Bedford Blues |
|  | |


title: Fanny Holtzmann

abstract: Fanny E. Holtzmann (1902–1980) was a pioneering female lawyer in the motion picture and theatre industry. Born in the borough of Brooklyn in New York City, she was influenced by her immigrant grandfather, a Talmudic scholar who introduced her to the study of law. Although she dropped out of high school at the end of her junior year, Holtzmann studied law in night school at Fordham University and earned her degree in 1922. The following year she rented an office in the Broadway Theater District and opened for business immediately after placing third in the New York bar exam. She numbered Edmund Goulding and William Randolph Hearst among her earliest clients. Holtzmann gained international fame during a 1934 libel trial in London in which she represented Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia, who contended that the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film Rasputin and the Empress (1932) had misrepresented her relationship with Rasputin. Her client was awarded $125,000 in damages for the showing of the film in the UK, and eventually she won a large settlement for its release in other countries as well. In the 1930s, Holtzmann helped Eastern European Jews emigrate to the United States, and following World War II she assisted Jewish refugees. At the founding conference of the United Nations in 1945, she served as counsel to the Republic of China, and assisted China in becoming a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council. She also worked to gain the support of many countries for the admission of Israel into the United Nations. In 1950, Holtzmann was looking for a new property for her client Gertrude Lawrence when the 1944 Margaret Landon book Anna and the King of Siam was sent to her by the William Morris agent who represented the author. He thought a stage adaptation of the book would be an ideal vehicle for the actress. Holtzmann agreed, but proposed a musical version would be better. She sent the book to Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II after Cole Porter declined to write the score, and the two men agreed to write what ultimately became The King and I. Holtzmann's friends and clients included Louis B. Mayer, Fred Astaire, Clifton Webb, Noël Coward, Danny Kaye, King George V, the Romanoff family, New York City mayor Jimmy Walker, Winston Churchill, King George II of Greece, Dwight Eisenhower, Adlai Stevenson, and Eleanor Roosevelt. Holtzmann was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion three weeks before her death from cancer.

text:
# Fanny Holtzmann

**Fanny E. Holtzmann** (1902–1980) was a pioneering female lawyer in the motion picture and theatre industry. Born in the borough of Brooklyn in New York City, she was influenced by her immigrant grandfather, a Talmudic scholar who introduced her to the study of law.

Although she dropped out of high school at the end of her junior year, Holtzmann studied law in night school at Fordham University and earned her degree in 1922. The following year she rented an office in the Broadway Theater District and opened for business immediately after placing third in the New York bar exam. She numbered Edmund Goulding and William Randolph Hearst among her earliest clients.

Holtzmann gained international fame during a 1934 libel trial in London in which she represented Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia, who contended that the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film *Rasputin and the Empress* (1932) had misrepresented her relationship with Rasputin. Her client was awarded $125,000 in damages for the showing of the film in the UK, and eventually she won a large settlement for its release in other countries as well.

In the 1930s, Holtzmann helped Eastern European Jews emigrate to the United States, and following World War II she assisted Jewish refugees. At the founding conference of the United Nations in 1945, she served as counsel to the Republic of China, and assisted China in becoming a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council. She also worked to gain the support of many countries for the admission of Israel into the United Nations.

In 1950, Holtzmann was looking for a new property for her client Gertrude Lawrence when the 1944 Margaret Landon book *Anna and the King of Siam* was sent to her by the William Morris agent who represented the author. He thought a stage adaptation of the book would be an ideal vehicle for the actress. Holtzmann agreed, but proposed a musical version would be better. She sent the book to Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II after Cole Porter declined to write the score, and the two men agreed to write what ultimately became *The King and I*.

Holtzmann's friends and clients included Louis B. Mayer, Fred Astaire, Clifton Webb, Noël Coward, Danny Kaye, King George V, the Romanoff family, New York City mayor Jimmy Walker, Winston Churchill, King George II of Greece, Dwight Eisenhower, Adlai Stevenson, and Eleanor Roosevelt.

Holtzmann was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion three weeks before her death from cancer.

## Additional sources

## Further reading

* Berkman, Edward O., *The Lady and the Law: The Remarkable Story of Fanny Holtzmann*. Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown & Co. 1976 ISBN 0-316-09175-8


title: Ernestine Gymnasium, Gotha

abstract: The Ernestine Gymnasium is a humanistic and modern gymnasium in Gotha, Germany, the successor of the Illustrious Gymnasium, founded in 1524, which in 1853 was merged with the recently founded Real-Gymnasium Ernestinum, named in honour of Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. The merged school continued to be known as the Ernestinum. Until 1947, when it was closed, it was considered the oldest gymnasium in the German-speaking world. It was re-founded in 1991, shortly after German reunification.

text:
# Ernestine Gymnasium, Gotha

The **Ernestine Gymnasium** (Latin name: **Ernestinum**, used in German) is a humanistic and modern gymnasium in Gotha, Germany, the successor of the **Illustrious Gymnasium** (*Gymnasium illustre*), founded in 1524, which in 1853 was merged with the recently founded *Real-Gymnasium Ernestinum*, named in honour of Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. The merged school continued to be known as the *Ernestinum*. Until 1947, when it was closed, it was considered the oldest gymnasium in the German-speaking world. It was re-founded in 1991, shortly after German reunification.

## History

The school's earliest forerunner was a Latin school at the parish church of St Mary, which is mentioned in 1291.

On 21 December 1524, the school was founded by Friedrich Myconius, a friend of Martin Luther, in the cloister of the Augustinian monastery of Gotha, which was in the process of being dissolved, and was given the Latin name *Gymnasium Gothanum*. As a result of the Reformation, in the middle of the 16th century the curriculum was changed significantly, under the direction of Cyriacus Lindemann (1562–1568). His focus was grammar, the understanding of Roman authors, and careful written work by the students, and he also introduced declamation.

Around 1600, the school's name was honoured by the addition of "illustrious" by Duke John Casimir of Saxe-Coburg. Under the rector Andreas Wilke (1592–1631) the number of schoolmasters and classes increased.

In the 17th century, the school was further sponsored by Duke Ernest I of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. He gave asylum to sons of persecuted Lutherans from Hungary, Silesia, Poland, Russia, and Scandinavia, who joined the school. Under the rector Andreas Reyher (1641–1673), the Gotha school system was reformed on the principles of Wolfgang Ratke, and the school became known internationally. The number of subjects increased, with the introduction of Mathematics, poetry, and history, and for the first time there was teaching in German. Rhetoric, logic, ethics, and metaphysics, were taught in the *Selecta*, or final year. By 1723, the school was already known as the *Gymnasium Ernestinum*.

In the 18th century, the Enlightenment reshaped education in much of northern Europe, and the school received great support from Duke Ernest II of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, guided by the principle that good education in all subjects was essential for the economic and political stability of the Duchy. Under Johann Gottfried Geißler as rector (1768–1779), the time given to ancient languages was reduced in favour of the natural sciences and German, English, and French literature.

The school enjoyed notable rectors, including Friedrich Andreas Stroth (1779–1785), and Friedrich Wilhelm Döring (1786–1833), and also renowned schoolmasters such as Johann Georg August Galletti, Johann Friedrich Salomon Kaltwasser, Adolf Heinrich Friedrich von Schlichtegroll, Johann Kaspar Friedrich Manso, and Friedrich Jacobs.

In 1807, the future philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer was admitted to the school and in 1808 was expelled for a prank.

Between 1837 and 1838, a new school building was built in the classical style in the Bergallee. However, the school was challenged by a new competitor, founded in 1836 by the reigning Duke for the benefit of the bourgeoisie, the *Real-gymnasium Ernestinum*, which had a chiefly scientific and mathematical curriculum. At the older school, chemistry, physics, and geology began to be taught as separate subjects, and the modern languages French and English overtook Latin in importance.

On 12 April 1859, the Illustrious Gymnasium and the Ducal Realgymnasium were merged into a single school, which was named *Gymnasium Ernestinum Gothae* in honour of Duke Ernest I of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.

The new school was given a new rector, Joachim Marquardt, (1859–1882), notable for securing discipline without harsh punishments. The school grew, gaining an auditorium, new library rooms, and a gymnasium.

Following Marquardt's death in 1882, the school commissioned a medallion to commemorate him, made by the local engraver Ferdinand Helfricht.

Heinrich Anz (1914–1935) continued to lead a humanistic grammar school under the Weimar Republic. A new rector, Otto Küttler (1938–1945), took the school through the Second World War, when it suffered from masters and boys departing on military service. During the war the school library was evacuated to Friedenstein Palace. The school was by then considered the oldest grammar school in the German-speaking world.

After the war, the school found itself in the Soviet occupation zone. With the introduction of a new educational system, a humanistic grammar school was no longer required. The last Abitur exams were held in the 1945/46 school year, and in the spring of 1947, the school was closed. On 10 April 1947, the boys were transferred to a school called the Arnoldischule. The former school buildings were taken over by a new middle school, and then in 1959 by a polytechnic high school, which in 1965 was named POS Albert Schweitzer.

## Refounding in 1991

On 1 November 1991, following German reunification, the Ernestine Gymnasium was re-established, with Lutz Wagner as *Schulleiter*, or Principal, and in 1993 the first Abitur examinations took place, after a gap of 48 years. Until 1947, the school had been for boys only, but it was decided to make the newly refounded school coeducational.

## Rectors

* Basilius Monner (1524 to 1535)
* Laurentius Schipper (1535 to 1537)
* Georg Merula (1537 to 1540)
* Pankratius Sussenbach (1540 to 1561)
* Cyriacus Lindemann (1562 to 1568)
* Paul Schmidt (1568 to 1572)
* Johann Meyer (1572 to 1580)
* Johannes Dinckel (1580 to 1582)
* Johann Helder (1582 to 1592)
* Andreas Wilke (1592 to 1631)
* Johann Weitz (1631 to 1640)
* Andreas Reyher (1641 to 1673)
* Georg Hess (1673 to 1694)
* Gottfried Vockerodt (1694 to 1727)
* Johann Heinrich Stuss (1728 to 1768)
* Johann Gottfried Geissler (1768 to 1779)
* Friedrich Andreas Stroth (1779 to 1785)
* Friedrich Wilhelm Döring (1786 to 1833)
* Ernst Friedrich Wüstemann (1833 to 1856)
* Eduard Adolf Jacobi (1833 to 1841)
* Gottfried Seebode (1838 to 1841)
* Valentin Rost (1841 to 1859)
* Joachim Marquardt (1859 to 1882)
* Eduard Wilhelm Sievers (1882 to 1883)
* Eduard Heinrich Albert von Bamberg (1883 to 1910)
* Ludwig Mackensen (1910 to 1914)
* Heinrich Anz (1914 to 1935)
* Otto Küttler (1938 to 1945)

## Principal

* Lutz Wagner (since 1991)

## Notable pupils

## Notable staff members

## Further reading

* *Statistisches Handbuch der deutschen Gymnasien*, vol. 1 (Krieger, 1837), pp. 528–538
* Heinrich Anz, *Die Reformation und ihre Wirkungen im Gymnasium des Herzogtums Gotha, von Gymnasialdirektor Dr. Anz in Gotha* (Gotha, 1917)
* Heinrich Anz, *Gotha und sein Gymnasium. Bausteine zur Geistesgeschichte einer deutschen Residenz. Zur 400–Jahrfeier des Gymnasium Ernestinum* (Gotha/Stuttgart: Friedrich Andreas Perthes A.-G., 1924)
* Christoph Köhler et al. (eds.), *Festschrift zum 475-jährigen Schuljubiläum des Gymnasium Ernestinum Gotha 1524–1999* (Gotha, 1999)
* Christian Ferdinand Schulze, *Geschichte des Gymnasiums zu Gotha* (Gotha: Justus Perthes, 1824)

## InfoBox

| Ernestinum
Ernestine Gymnasium | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Bergallee 8
99867 Gotha
Germany | |
| Coordinates | 50°56′44″N 10°42′02″E / 50.94556°N 10.70056°E / 50.94556; 10.70056 |
| Information | |
| Former names | Gymnasium Gothanum (1524–1600)
Illustrious Gymnasium (1600–1853) |
| Motto | Cum Deo et die
(With God and in the day) |
| Established | 1524, re-named c. 1600, merged with Ducal Gymnasium and renamed again, 1853, closed 1947, refounded 1991 |
| Founder | Friedrich Myconius |
| Closed | 1947–1991 |
| Principal | Dr. Lutz Wagner |
| Gender | coeducational (since 1991) |
| Website | ernestinum-gotha.de |


title: 1969 Indianapolis 500

abstract: The 53rd International 500 Mile Sweepstakes was an auto race held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana on Friday, May 30, 1969. It was the third round of the 1969 USAC Championship Car season. Polesitter A. J. Foyt led the race in the early stages, looking to become the first four-time winner of the 500. Near the halfway point, however, a lengthy pit stop to repair a broken manifold put him many laps down. Despite a hard-charging run towards the end, he wound up managing only an eighth-place finish, 19 laps down. Lloyd Ruby, a driver with a hard-luck reputation at the Speedway, was leading the race just after the midpoint. During a pit stop, he pulled away with the fueling hose still attached, ripped a hole in the fuel tank, and was out of the race. The incident put Mario Andretti in the lead for rest of the way. Mario Andretti led 116 laps total and won for car owner Andy Granatelli. With Andretti's finish time of 3:11:14.71, it was the fastest run Indianapolis 500 up to that date, breaking the previous record by nearly five minutes. Andretti's victory capped off an up-and-down month of May. He entered the month as a favorite, but he crashed his primary car, a radical four-wheel-drive Lotus, during practice. Andretti suffered burns but was able to qualify a back-up car in the middle of the front row. Mario Andretti's 1969 Indy 500 win is the lone victory at the race for the storied Andretti racing family. As of 2024, no Andretti has won the Indianapolis 500 since. Likewise, it was a triumphant first victory for owner Granatelli, after a long presence at Indianapolis - and a long string of disappointments, first with Novis, and then with the Turbines. While Foyt and Andretti qualified 1st-2nd, the most notable story from time trials was the plight of Leon Duray "Jigger" Sirois, whose pit crew inadvisedly waved off his qualifying run on pole day. It would go down in history as one of the most famous gaffes in Indy history. After five drivers were killed at the Speedway in the decade of the 1960s, the month of May 1969 was relatively clean, with no major injuries. The only injuries for the month were during two practice crashes. Mario Andretti suffered burns to his face, and Sammy Sessions, who suffered a fractured knee cap. Al Unser actually suffered the most serious injury of the month, when he crashed his personal motorcycle in the infield. He suffered a broken leg the night before time trials was to begin, and had to sit out the race. Bud Tingelstad served as his replacement in the Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing entry. The car in which Andretti won the 1969 Indy 500 is owned by the Smithsonian, while a replica made from the original blueprints sits on display at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Museum.

text:
# 1969 Indianapolis 500

The **53rd International 500 Mile Sweepstakes** was an auto race held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana on Friday, May 30, 1969. It was the third round of the 1969 USAC Championship Car season. Polesitter A. J. Foyt led the race in the early stages, looking to become the first four-time winner of the 500. Near the halfway point, however, a lengthy pit stop to repair a broken manifold put him many laps down. Despite a hard-charging run towards the end, he wound up managing only an eighth-place finish, 19 laps down. Lloyd Ruby, a driver with a hard-luck reputation at the Speedway, was leading the race just after the midpoint. During a pit stop, he pulled away with the fueling hose still attached, ripped a hole in the fuel tank, and was out of the race. The incident put Mario Andretti in the lead for rest of the way.

Mario Andretti led 116 laps total and won for car owner Andy Granatelli. With Andretti's finish time of 3:11:14.71, it was the fastest run Indianapolis 500 up to that date, breaking the previous record by nearly five minutes. Andretti's victory capped off an up-and-down month of May. He entered the month as a favorite, but he crashed his primary car, a radical four-wheel-drive Lotus, during practice. Andretti suffered burns but was able to qualify a back-up car in the middle of the front row. Mario Andretti's 1969 Indy 500 win is the lone victory at the race for the storied Andretti racing family. As of 2024, no Andretti has won the Indianapolis 500 since. Likewise, it was a triumphant first victory for owner Granatelli, after a long presence at Indianapolis - and a long string of disappointments, first with Novis, and then with the Turbines.

While Foyt and Andretti qualified 1st-2nd, the most notable story from time trials was the plight of Leon Duray "Jigger" Sirois, whose pit crew inadvisedly waved off his qualifying run on pole day. It would go down in history as one of the most famous gaffes in Indy history.

After five drivers were killed at the Speedway in the decade of the 1960s, the month of May 1969 was relatively clean, with no major injuries. The only injuries for the month were during two practice crashes. Mario Andretti suffered burns to his face, and Sammy Sessions, who suffered a fractured knee cap. Al Unser actually suffered the most serious injury of the month, when he crashed his personal motorcycle in the infield. He suffered a broken leg the night before time trials was to begin, and had to sit out the race. Bud Tingelstad served as his replacement in the Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing entry.

The car in which Andretti won the 1969 Indy 500 is owned by the Smithsonian, while a replica made from the original blueprints sits on display at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Museum.

## Rule changes

For 1969, not a single front-engined car managed to qualify for the race, and ultimately, one would never do so again. All 33 cars in the field were rear-engined piston-powered machines. After the famous near-miss failures of the controversial STP Granatelli Turbine machines in 1967 and 1968, USAC imposed additional restrictions that effectively rendered them uncompetitive. The annulus inlet was further reduced from 15.999 in2 to 11.999 in2, and the Granatelli team abandoned the project. USAC stopped short of an outright ban on turbine cars, and it was not last time one would be entered. However, a turbine car would never manage to qualify for the race again.

By 1969, USAC had slowly begun to relax the rules regarding wings. While bolt-on wings were still not allowed, similar devices such as airfoils and spoilers were permitted, as long as they were an integral part of the bodywork. Several cars arrived at the track with a myriad of aerodynamic devices.

Goodyear arrived at the track in 1969 with a new, low-profile, wider tire.

## Race schedule

The 1969 race was the most recent Indy 500 scheduled for a Friday; the Uniform Monday Holiday Act was implemented in 1971 and Memorial Day became a three-day holiday weekend (Saturday–Monday) annually. Only one other subsequent year (1973) would the race be scheduled for a weekday. In 1970–1972, the race was scheduled for a Saturday, and beginning in 1974, the race has been scheduled for a Sunday.

| Race schedule – May, 1969  Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

 1
Opening Day 2
Practice 3
Practice  4
Practice 5
Practice 6
Practice 7
Practice 8
Practice 9
Practice 10
Practice  11
Practice 12
Practice 13
Practice 14
Practice 15
Practice 16
Practice 17
Pole Day  18
Time Trials 19
Practice 20
Practice 21
Practice 22
Practice 23
Practice 24
Time Trials  25
Bump Day 26
 27
 28
Carb Day
Parade 29
Meeting 30
Indy 500 31
Banquet | Color Notes  Green Practice  Dark Blue Time trials  Silver Race day  Red Rained out*  Blank No track activity   * Includes days where track
activity was significantly
limited due to rain |
| --- | --- |

## Practice and time trials

The track opened on May 1 to light activity for the first few days. By Tuesday May 6, activity had picked up, and the top drivers were lapping in the 165 mph range. On Wednesday May 7, A. J. Foyt turned a lap of 169.237 mph, establishing himself as the top driver during the first week of practice.

During the second week of practice, Mario Andretti took over the speed chart. On Monday May 12, he ran a lap of 170.197 mph, then followed it up on Wednesday May 14 with a lap of 171.657 mph. Al Unser was close behind with a lap of 169.141 mph.

On Thursday May 15, A. J. Foyt joined the "170 mph" club with a lap of 170.875 mph. By the end of the week, three drivers were over 170. Roger McCluskey posed a 170.283 mph on Friday May 16, the day before time trials was scheduled to begin. Through two weeks, though, no drivers had topped Joe Leonard's track record of 171.959 mph set in 1968.

### Saturday May 17 – Jigger Sirois

Pole day was scheduled for Saturday May 17 from 11 a.m. to 6 p.m. However, rain threatened to wash out the afternoon. At the time, the qualifying rules were a bit unclear and they did not necessarily provide extensions or provisions in case of a rain delay or a rain stoppage during the pole position round. Only cars that made an attempt before the rains came (and before the track was scheduled to close at 6 o'clock) might be eligible for the pole position. Rookie Leon Duray "Jigger" Sirois drew the #1 spot in the qualifying order.

At 4:12 p.m., the track was dry and finally opened for qualifying. Sirois took to the track for his first (of three allotted) qualifying attempt. He completed his first three laps at:

* Lap 1 – 161.783 mph
* Lap 2 – 162.279 mph
* Lap 3 – 160.542 mph

However, on his fourth and final lap, his pit crew - seemingly dissatisfied with the run thus far - displayed the yellow flag and waved off the run, and it was aborted. At the time, the rules did not allow cars to make another qualifying run after completing one, and his crew were worried that his speed would not be enough to qualify for the race. Arnie Knepper was the second car in line, and pulled away for his warm up laps. Rain began to fall again before Knepper even saw the green flag. The track closed for the day.

That evening, Al Unser Sr., who had won the season opener at Phoenix, took to the infield to pass the time during the rain delay. He climbed on his motorcycle, and started riding around. In a small jump over a ditch, he toppled and the kickstand came down and pierced his left leg. He suffered a compound fracture to his left tibia, and was taken to the hospital. Unser was put in a cast, and was sidelined for a month and a half.

### Sunday May 18

Rain washed out time trials for the second day in a row. It was the first time in modern history that the entire first weekend of time trials was lost due to rain. Pole day was rescheduled for Saturday May 24.

At 1:04 p.m., a few cars make it out on the track for practice, but that lasted for only 18 minutes. Heavy rain and a tornado watch in the area closed the track for the day.

It was quickly noticed by media and fans that had Jigger Sirois' crew not waved off his final lap on Saturday, he would have been the lone qualifier of the weekend and sat on the coveted provisional pole position for at least an entire week.

### Saturday May 24

After 23 days of waiting, and two rainouts, the field was finally ready to begin time trials. On Wednesday May 21, pole favorite Mario Andretti suffered a serious crash in turn four during a practice run. He suffered burns to his face, but no other serious injuries. His four-wheel drive Lotus machine was destroyed, and Andretti would have to qualify a back-up car.

A. J. Foyt won the pole position with a speed of 170.568 mph. A total of 25 cars completed runs. After his practice crash, Mario Andretti qualified the Brawner-Hawk for the middle of row one. Due to his facial burns, Mario asked his twin brother Aldo to stand in for him during the traditional front row photo session.

The news of Foyt winning the pole was relayed to the astronauts on Apollo 10.

### Sunday May 25

The field was filled to 33 cars with two cars bumped. For the first time in modern history, the field lined up coincidentally by speed from top-to-bottom.

On the second weekend of time trials, Jigger Sirois waved off his second attempt, and also waved off his third and final attempt when his speed was not fast enough. As it ended up, Sirois's first attempt on May 17 would have been fast enough to qualify for the race and possibly, depending on interpretation of the rules, the pole position. Sirois never managed to qualify at Indy in subsequent years, and became a source of popular folklore.

## Starting grid

(W) = Former Indianapolis 500 winner; (R) = Indianapolis 500 rookie

| Row | Inside | | Middle | | Outside | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **6** | A. J. Foyt  **W** | **2** | Mario Andretti | **1** | Bobby Unser  **W** |
| 2 | **66** | Mark Donohue  **R** | **12** | Gordon Johncock | **82** | Roger McCluskey |
| 3 | **38** | Jim McElreath | **67** | LeeRoy Yarbrough | **8** | Gary Bettenhausen |
| 4 | **48** | Dan Gurney | **44** | Joe Leonard | **40** | Art Pollard |
| 5 | **10** | Jim Malloy | **59** | Sonny Ates  **R** | **84** | George Snider |
| 6 | **45** | Ronnie Bucknum | **36** | Johnny Rutherford | **15** | Bud Tingelstad |
| 7 | **22** | Wally Dallenbach Sr. | **4** | Lloyd Ruby | **29** | Arnie Knepper |
| 8 | **90** | Mike Mosley | **11** | Sammy Sessions | **9** | Mel Kenyon |
| 9 | **42** | Denny Hulme | **98** | Bill Vukovich II | **62** | George Follmer  **R** |
| 10 | **16** | Bruce Walkup  **R** | **95** | Jack Brabham | **57** | Carl Williams |
| 11 | **21** | Larry Dickson | **97** | Bobby Johns | **92** | Peter Revson  **R** |

### Alternates

### Failed to qualify

## Race recap

### Start

On the grid, LeeRoy Yarbrough's car failed to start, and the field pulled away, leaving him behind. On the pace lap, Yarbrough was able to get his car cranked, and frantically charged to catch up to the pack. He jockeyed to find his rightful starting position in row three, but managed only to make it mid-pack as the field took the green flag. Going into turn one, Mario Andretti took the lead from the middle of the front row, with polesitter A. J. Foyt following in second. Bruce Walkup, meanwhile, was out on the first lap with a transmission failure.

### First half

Andretti led the first five laps, then Foyt took the lead going into turn one. One of the weaknesses of the turbocharged Fords used by Andretti (and several other top drivers) was overheating. So Andretti eased slightly and Foyt took over. Foyt would lead for 66 laps in the first half. The early stages of the race saw heavy attrition and a series of unscheduled pit stops. Several cars were out before lap 30, including Art Pollard, Ronnie Bucknum, Johnny Rutherford, and Jim McElreath, who had a fire as the car went down into turn one. McElreath was able to stop the car in turn 1 and got out uninjured, bringing out the first of only two yellow light periods. Retiring to the pits early was Gordon Johncock and Bobby Unser, as well as Jack Brabham, whose Repco engine would eventually suffer ignition failure.

The second of two yellow light periods came out on lap 87 when Arnie Knepper broke a suspension piece, causing him to crash in turn 4. He hit the outside wall and came to rest near the entrance to the pit area. Wally Dallenbach spun under the yellow and dropped out with a bad clutch.

On lap 99, A. J. Foyt headed to the pits with a split manifold. He spent over twenty minutes in the pits as the team made repairs. However, he did return to the race. With the Foyt team scrambling to diagnose A.J.'s troubles, the team neglected to signal George Snider to the pits, and Snider ran out of fuel on the track. Snider was eventually pushed back to the pits and rejoined the race, but he lost a considerable number of laps.

In the first half, Andy Granatelli's three-car effort was down to one as both Art Pollard and Carl Williams were out early. Mario Andretti was the only Granatelli car still running. After years of disappointment, including the frustrations of the turbines the past two years, Andretti was still in position to finally give Granatelli his first 500 victory.

### Second half

After leading ten laps up to that point, Lloyd Ruby went into the pits on lap 105. As the team was refueling the car, Ruby started to pull away too soon, with the hose still attached. A large hole was ruptured in the side of the fuel tank, and all the fuel spilled out onto the pavement. Ruby was out of the race, leaving Mario Andretti alone in front.

On lap 150, Joe Leonard was black-flagged for leaking fluid. He made a long pit stop to replace a punctured radiator, returned to the race, and managed a 6th-place finish. A. J. Foyt, after returning from repairs, was now among the fastest cars on the track. His hard charging second half saw him finish in 8th place.

Mario Andretti dominated the second half, and won comfortably over second place Dan Gurney. But Andretti's race was not without incident. On one occasion, he nearly hit the wall in turn two. On his final pit stop, he knocked over chief mechanic Clint Brawner, and nearly stalled the engine as he was pushed away. His transmission fluid was low, the clutch was reportedly slipping, and despite an extra radiator added by Brawner behind the driver's seat after qualifying, engine temperature was running high. Despite the complications, Andretti maintained over a full-lap lead late in the race and cruised to victory.

Car owner Andy Granatelli, who abandoned the turbine cars after the heartbreaks of 1967 and 1968, planted a famous kiss on Andretti's cheek in victory lane. There were no yellow lights during the second half, and the final 110 laps were run under green. Andretti ran the whole race without changing tires.

In victory lane, an emotional happy Mario stated:

> *"I wanted to win this race so bad that you can't believe it. I will be having to pinch myself for the rest of the night. I am happy for Andy and STP. This is my biggest win and it's awesome."*

## Box score

The top four racers were allowed to complete the entire 500 mile race distance. Eight additional cars were running as of the race finish, but were flagged off the track not having completed the entire distance. Andretti's race completion time of 3:11:14.71 was the fastest ever as of 1969.

| Finish | Start | Car
No. | Name | Chassis | Engine | Tires | Qualifying
Speed | Laps | Time/Retired |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2 | 2 | Mario Andretti | Brawner | Ford V-8 |  | 169.851 | 200 | 3:11:14.71 |
| 2 | 10 | 48 | Dan Gurney | Eagle | Ford-Weslake |  | 167.341 | 200 | +2:13.03 |
| 3 | 3 | 1 | Bobby Unser  **W** | Lola | Offenhauser |  | 169.683 | 200 | +3:26.74 |
| 4 | 24 | 9 | Mel Kenyon | Gerhardt | Offenhauser |  | 165.426 | 200 | +5:53.61 |
| 5 | 33 | 92 | Peter Revson  **R** | Brabham | Repco |  | 160.851 | 197 | Flagged (-3 laps) |
| 6 | 11 | 44 | Joe Leonard | Eagle | Ford V-8 |  | 167.240 | 193 | Flagged (-7 laps) |
| 7 | 4 | 66 | Mark Donohue  **R** | Lola | Offenhauser |  | 168.903 | 190 | Flagged (-10 laps) |
| 8 | 1 | 6 | A. J. Foyt  **W** | Coyote | Ford V-8 |  | 170.568 | 181 | Flagged (-19 laps) |
| 9 | 31 | 21 | Larry Dickson | Vollstedt | Ford V-8 |  | 163.014 | 180 | Flagged (-20 laps) |
| 10 | 32 | 97 | Bobby Johns | Shrike | Offenhauser |  | 160.901 | 171 | Flagged (-29 laps) |
| 11 | 13 | 10 | Jim Malloy | Vollstedt | Offenhauser |  | 167.092 | 165 | Flagged (-35 laps) |
| 12 | 23 | 11 | Sammy Sessions | Finley | Offenhauser |  | 165.434 | 163 | Flagged (-37 laps) |
| 13 | 22 | 90 | Mike Mosley | Eagle | Offenhauser |  | 166.113 | 162 | Piston |
| 14 | 6 | 82 | Roger McCluskey | Coyote | Ford V-8 |  | 168.350 | 157 | Split Header |
| 15 | 18 | 15 | Bud Tingelstad | Lola | Offenhauser |  | 166.597 | 155 | Engine |
| 16 | 15 | 84 | George Snider | Coyote | Ford V-8 |  | 166.914 | 152 | Flagged |
| 17 | 14 | 59 | Sonny Ates  **R** | Brabham | Offenhauser |  | 166.968 | 146 | Magneto |
| 18 | 25 | 42 | Denis Hulme | Eagle | Ford V-8 |  | 165.092 | 145 | Clutch |
| 19 | 5 | 12 | Gordon Johncock | Gerhardt | Offenhauser |  | 168.626 | 137 | Piston |
| 20 | 20 | 4 | Lloyd Ruby | Mongoose | Offenhauser |  | 166.428 | 105 | Fuel Tank |
| 21 | 19 | 22 | Wally Dallenbach Sr. | Eagle | Offenhauser |  | 166.497 | 82 | Clutch |
| 22 | 21 | 29 | Arnie Knepper | Cecil | Ford V-8 |  | 166.220 | 82 | Crash T4 |
| 23 | 8 | 67 | LeeRoy Yarbrough | Vollstedt | Ford V-8 |  | 168.075 | 65 | Split Header |
| 24 | 29 | 95 | Jack Brabham | Brabham | Repco |  | 163.875 | 58 | Ignition |
| 25 | 30 | 57 | Carl Williams | Gerhardt | Offenhauser |  | 163.265 | 50 | Clutch |
| 26 | 9 | 8 | Gary Bettenhausen | Gerhardt | Offenhauser |  | 167.777 | 35 | Piston |
| 27 | 27 | 62 | George Follmer  **R** | Gilbert | Ford V-8 |  | 164.286 | 26 | Engine |
| 28 | 7 | 38 | Jim McElreath | Brawner | Offenhauser |  | 168.224 | 24 | Engine Fire |
| 29 | 17 | 36 | Johnny Rutherford | Eagle | Offenhauser |  | 166.628 | 24 | Oil Tank |
| 30 | 16 | 45 | Ronnie Bucknum | Eagle | Offenhauser |  | 166.636 | 16 | Piston |
| 31 | 12 | 40 | Art Pollard | Lotus | Offenhauser |  | 167.123 | 7 | Drive Line |
| 32 | 26 | 98 | Bill Vukovich II | Mongoose | Offenhauser |  | 164.843 | 1 | Rod |
| 33 | 28 | 16 | Bruce Walkup  **R** | Gerhardt | Offenhauser |  | 163.942 | 0 | Transmission |

**W**  Former Indianapolis 500 winner

**R**  Indianapolis 500 Rookie

### Race statistics

| Tire participation chart | |
| --- | --- |
| Supplier | No. of starters |
| **Goodyear** | **25** |
| **Firestone** | **8*** |
| **Denotes race winner* | |

## Broadcasting

### Radio

The race was carried live on the IMS Radio Network. Sid Collins served as chief announcer and Len Sutton served as "driver expert." At the conclusion of the race, Lou Palmer reported from victory lane. The broadcast came on-air with a 30-minute pre-race.

The broadcast was carried on over 950 affiliates, including AFN, shortwave to troops in Vietnam, and the CBC. Foreign language translations were made in French, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese. The broadcast was also carried in Mexico City on XEVIB. The broadcast reached an estimated 100 million listeners.

Among the many visitors to the booth were O. J. Simpson, Oscar Robertson, Earl McCullouch, Irv Fried (Langhorne), Wally Parks, Dale Drake, Sam Hanks, and Duke Nalon. For the second year in a row, Senator Birch Bayh visited the booth, along with his teenage son, future senator Evan Bayh. Later in the race, Senator Vance Hartke also visited, accompanied by Secretary of Transportation John A. Volpe.

| Indianapolis Motor Speedway Radio Network | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Booth Announcers | Turn Reporters | Pit/garage reporters |
| **Chief Announcer:** Sid Collins
**Driver expert:** Len Sutton
**Statistician:** John DeCamp
**Historian:** Donald Davidson
 | **Turn 1:** Mike Ahern
**Turn 2:** Howdy Bell
**Backstretch:** Doug Zink
**Turn 3:** Ron Carrell
**Turn 4:** Jim Shelton
 | Chuck Marlowe (north pits)
Luke Walton (center pits)
Lou Palmer (south pits)
 |

### Television

The race was carried in the United States on ABC's *Wide World of Sports*. The broadcast aired on Saturday, June 7. Jim McKay anchored the broadcast with Rodger Ward as analyst and Chris Economaki as pit reporter.

The telecast featured a summary of time trials as well as pre-race interviews. During the race, McKay and Economaki served as roving pit reporters, and their interviews were edited into the final production.

The broadcast has re-aired on ESPN Classic starting in May 2011.

For the fifth year, a live telecast of the race was shown in theaters on a closed-circuit basis; once more, Charlie Brockman called the action.

| ABC Television | |
| --- | --- |
| Booth Announcers | Pit/garage reporters |
| **Announcer:** Jim McKay
**Color:** Rodger Ward
 | Chris Economaki |

### References

### Works cited

## InfoBox

53rd Indianapolis 500
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Indianapolis Motor Speedway | |
| Indianapolis 500 | |
| Sanctioning body | USAC |
| Season | 1969 USAC season |
| Date | May 30, 1969 |
| Winner | Mario Andretti |
| Winning team | Andy Granatelli |
| Average speed | 156.867 mph (252.453 km/h) |
| Pole position | A. J. Foyt |
| Pole speed | 170.568 mph (274.503 km/h) |
| Fastest qualifier | Foyt |
| Rookie of the Year | Mark Donohue |
| Most laps led | Mario Andretti (116) |
| Pre-race ceremonies | |
| National anthem | Purdue Band |
| "Back Home Again in Indiana" | Mack H. Shultz |
| Starting command | Tony Hulman |
| Pace car | Chevrolet Camaro SS |
| Pace car driver | Jim Rathmann |
| Starter | Pat Vidan |
| Estimated attendance | 275,000 |
| TV in the United States | |
| Network | ABC's Wide World of Sports |
| Announcers | Jim McKay, Rodger Ward |
| Chronology | |
| Previous Next  1968 1970 | |


title: 635th Radar Squadron

abstract: The 635th Radar Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 20th Air Division, Aerospace Defense Command, stationed at Dauphin Island Air Force Station, Alabama. It was inactivated on 1 July 1974. The unit was a General Surveillance Radar squadron providing for the air defense of the United States.

text:
# 635th Radar Squadron

The **635th Radar Squadron** is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 20th Air Division, Aerospace Defense Command, stationed at Dauphin Island Air Force Station, Alabama. It was inactivated on 1 July 1974. The unit was a General Surveillance Radar squadron providing for the air defense of the United States.

## History

The squadron was first activated as an Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron (AC&W Sq) in 1947 at McChord Field, WA with a mission to detect and warn of aircraft and defend an area to the west of the Cascade Mountains. To accomplish its mission, it had detachments at Arlington, WA (WW II Site F-50), Neah Bay, WA (Det E, WW II Site J-55), Bellingham, WA, Spokane AFB, WA (WW II 4 AF Site 129), Coleville, WA, Pacific Beach, WA (Det D, WW II Site B-61, Lashup Site L-35), Sequim, WA (Det F), Everett, WA (Det B, Lashup Site L-31) and Fort Stevens, OR (Lashup Site L-36, Det C), located on World War II Sites. Its main search radar to perform this mission at this time was the AN/CPS-5. In the early 1950s, most of its detachments were replaced by separate squadrons. The squadron moved to Fort Lawton, WA in 1960. It joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system and was redesignated as a Radar Squadron in 1960. It was inactivated in 1963.

The Squadron was activated again in 1973 to replace Operating Location G of the 630th Radar Squadron at Dauphin Island AFS as part of the Southern Air Defense System (SADS). SADS had been established because of the inadequacy of the radar coverage to the south of the United States that had been dramatically illustrated whan a Cuban MiG-17 went undetected before it landed at Homestead AFB, and two years later, an An-24 similarly arrived unannounced at New Orleans International Airport. As a result, ADC established SADS with the squadron operating a manual control center at the Houston ARTCC and added radars to supplement the existing Federal Aviation Administration coverage in the area. However, the squadron was inactivated little more than a year later.

## Lineage

* Constituted as the **635th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron**

Activated 21 May 1947 Redesignated **635th Radar Squadron** (SAGE) on 11 June 1960 Inactivated on 1 August 1963 Redesignated **635th Radar Squadron** Activated 1 January 1973 Inactivated 1 July 1974

### Assignments

### Stations

* McChord Field (later McChord Air Force Base), Washington, 21 May 1947
* Paine Field, Washington, 26 September 1948
* McChord Air Force Base, Washington, 22 September 1950
* Fort Lawton, Washington, 15 May 1960
* Dauphin Island Air Force Station, Alabama, 1 January 1973 – 1 July 1974

This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

## InfoBox

| 635th Radar Squadron | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 1947–1963; 1973–1974 |
| Country | United States |
| Branch | United States Air Force |
| Role | Air defense radar surveillance |
| Motto(s) | Guardians of the Gulf (1973-1974) |
| Insignia | |
| 635th Radar Squadron emblem |  |
| 635th Aircraft Control & Warning Squadron emblem |  |


title: 1998 Women's Rugby World Cup final

abstract: The 1998 Women's Rugby World Cup Final was a rugby union match to determine the winner of the 1998 Women's Rugby World Cup. The match took place on 16 May 1998 in Amsterdam and was between New Zealand and the United States. New Zealand beat the United States 44–12 to claim their first World Cup title.

text:
# 1998 Women's Rugby World Cup final

The **1998 Women's Rugby World Cup Final** was a rugby union match to determine the winner of the 1998 Women's Rugby World Cup. The match took place on 16 May 1998 in Amsterdam and was between New Zealand and the United States. New Zealand beat the United States 44–12 to claim their first World Cup title.

## Route to the final

| New Zealand | | Round | United States | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Opponent | Result | Pool stage | Opponent | Result |
| Germany | 134–6 | Match 1 | Russia | 84–0 |
| Scotland | 76–0 | Match 2 | Spain | 38–16 |
| Team Won Drawn Lost For Against Ladder  New Zealand 2 0 0 210 6 **1st**  Scotland 1 0 1 37 84 **7th**  Italy 1 0 1 42 42 **11th**  Germany 0 0 2 11 168 **15th** | | Final standing | Team Won Drawn Lost For Against Ladder  United States 2 0 0 117 16 **3rd**  Spain 1 0 1 44 56 **6th**  Wales 1 0 1 101 35 **9th**  Russia 0 0 2 7 167 **16th** | |
| Opponent | Result | Knockout stage | Opponent | Result |
| Spain | 46–3 | Quarter-finals | Scotland | 25–10 |
| England | 44–11 | Semi-finals | Canada | 46–6 |

New Zealand was pooled with Scotland, Italy and World Cup debutantes, Germany. The United States were pooled with Spain, who missed the 1994 World Cup, along with Wales and Russia. New Zealand thrashed Germany 134–6 to record their first 100 points in a World Cup. They kept Scotland scoreless with 76–0 in their last pool game. The Black Ferns met Spain in their quarterfinal, they won 46–3 and went on to beat 1994 Champions, England, 44–11 to book their place in the Final.

The United States beat Russia in their first pool match 84–0, and then beat Spain 38–16. In their quarterfinal, they defeated Scotland in a closely contested match 25–10. Canada only managed 6 points against the United States 46 points in their semifinal game.

## Match

| New Zealand | 44–12 | United States |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Try:** Cootes (4)
Palmer
Sheck
Wall
**Con:** Rush |  |  |

### Summary

Vanessa Cootes scored four of the Black Ferns eight tries in the Final. Farah Palmer, Regina Sheck and Louisa Wall scored a try each with Annaleah Rush making two successful conversions to give New Zealand their first World Cup title.

1. "Hollie Davidson Appointed Referee for Rugby World Cup 2021 Final".
2. "Ten great Black Ferns moments". *allblacks.com*. 12 July 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
3. "Women's Rugby World Cup: The story so far". *www.rugbyworldcup.com*. 4 August 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
4. "Black Ferns rout Hong Kong in 19-try romp at the Women's Rugby World Cup". *Stuff*. 13 August 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
5. "Women's Rugby World Cup can be record-breaking, says World Rugby's Bill Beaumont". *BBC Sport*. 8 August 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
6. "Black Ferns and England: A "love-hate relationship"". *www.women.rugby*. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
7. Wise, Chad (23 March 2017). "THROWBACK THURSDAY: A FINAL FINAL". *USA Rugby*. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
8. "Rugby's all-time greatest women's XV". *Rugby World*. 18 September 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2022.

## InfoBox

1998 Rugby World Cup Final
| Event | 1998 Rugby World Cup |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Date | 16 May 1998 |
| Venue | NRCA Stadium, Amsterdam |
| Referee | Ed Morrison (England) |
|


abstract: The men's 1500 metres event at the 1990 World Junior Championships in Athletics was held in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, at Deveti Septemvri Stadium on 11 and 12 August.

text:
# 1990 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Men's 1500 metres

The **men's 1500 metres** event at the **1990 World Junior Championships in Athletics** was held in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, at Deveti Septemvri Stadium on 11 and 12 August.

## Medalists

| **Gold** | Moses Kiptanui
*Kenya* |
| --- | --- |
| **Silver** | Alemayehu Roba
*Ethiopia* |
| **Bronze** | Desta Asgedom
*Ethiopia* |

## Results

### Final

12 August

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Moses Kiptanui | Kenya | **3:38.32** |  |
|  | Alemayehu Roba | Ethiopia | **3:41.71** |  |
|  | Desta Asgedom | Ethiopia | **3:43.38** |  |
| 4 | Mirco Döring | East Germany | **3:43.97** |  |
| 5 | Denes Balázs | Hungary | **3:44.30** |  |
| 6 | Andrey Loginov | Soviet Union | **3:44.79** |  |
| 7 | Nigel Adkin | Australia | **3:45.07** |  |
| 8 | Jason Bunston | Canada | **3:45.09** |  |
| 9 | Cleophas Bitok | Kenya | **3:45.50** |  |
| 10 | Pantelis Kolokas | Greece | **3:45.70** |  |
| 11 | Eddie Crowe | New Zealand | **3:46.27** |  |
| 12 | Luís Miguel Martín | Spain | **3:49.71** |  |
| 13 | Heiko Schulze | East Germany | **3:50.57** |  |
| 14 | Claus Wittekind | West Germany | **3:50.71** |  |
| 15 | Graham Hood | Canada | **3:50.72** |  |

### Heats

11 August

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Alemayehu Roba | Ethiopia | **3:51.12** | **Q** |
| 2 | Andrey Loginov | Soviet Union | **3:51.41** | **Q** |
| 3 | Cleophas Bitok | Kenya | **3:51.83** | **Q** |
| 4 | Jason Bunston | Canada | **3:52.03** | **Q** |
| 5 | Marc Dauer | West Germany | **3:52.80** |  |
| 6 | Nigel Brunton | Ireland | **3:52.98** |  |
| 7 | Steve Green | United Kingdom | **3:53.84** |  |
| 8 | Timo Sarlin | Finland | **3:54.01** |  |
| 9 | Kim Soon-Hyung | South Korea | **3:54.15** |  |
| 10 | Andrzej Jakubiec | Poland | **3:54.60** |  |
| 11 | Zhou Chaohui | China | **3:56.56** |  |
| 12 | Ryad Gatte | Algeria | **3:57.33** |  |
| 13 | Georgios Loucaides | Cyprus | **4:01.31** |  |
| 14 | Nesamani Subramaniam | Singapore | **4:10.24** |  |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Moses Kiptanui | Kenya | **3:41.06** | **Q** |
| 2 | Desta Asgedom | Ethiopia | **3:46.20** | **Q** |
| 3 | Mirco Döring | East Germany | **3:48.22** | **Q** |
| 4 | Luís Miguel Martín | Spain | **3:48.97** | **Q** |
| 5 | Curtis Robb | United Kingdom | **3:49.67** |  |
| 6 | Sergey Samoylov | Soviet Union | **3:49.81** |  |
| 7 | Krasimir Blagoyev | Bulgaria | **3:50.17** |  |
| 8 | João Cuñha | Portugal | **3:50.49** |  |
| 9 | Mohamed Abdulkadir | Somalia | **3:51.89** |  |
| 10 | Amir Mhando | Tanzania | **3:52.31** |  |
| 11 | Jaroslaw Sitarz | Poland | **3:59.16** |  |
| 12 | Kealin Hannigan | Australia | **4:03.39** |  |
| 13 | Marko Koers | Netherlands | **4:15.37** |  |

#### Heat 3

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Graham Hood | Canada | **3:46.35** | **Q** |
| 2 | Pantelis Kolokas | Greece | **3:46.57** | **Q** |
| 3 | Heiko Schulze | East Germany | **3:46.93** | **Q** |
| 4 | Denes Balázs | Hungary | **3:46.98** | **Q** |
| 5 | Eddie Crowe | New Zealand | **3:46.99** | **q** |
| 6 | Nigel Adkin | Australia | **3:47.08** | **q** |
| 7 | Claus Wittekind | West Germany | **3:47.79** | **q** |
| 8 | Niall Bruton | Ireland | **3:47.87** |  |
| 9 | Svetlin Prodanov | Bulgaria | **3:52.63** |  |
| 10 | Brian Murphy | United States | **3:53.37** |  |
| 11 | Mario Figueirêdo | Portugal | **3:54.58** |  |
| 12 | Mateo Cañellas | Spain | **3:55.57** |  |
| 13 | Hiroyuki Nakamura | Japan | **3:58.73** |  |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 40 athletes from 27 countries participated in the event.


title: Françoise Dorner

abstract: Françoise Dorner is a French actress, screenwriter, author of plays and novels.

text:
# Françoise Dorner

**Françoise Dorner** (born 17 June 1949, Paris) is a French actress, screenwriter, author of plays and novels.

## Biography

### Actress

Dorner appeared for the first time in the cinema thanks to Éric Le Hung who entrusted her in 1975 one of the main roles of *Raging Fists* along Philippe Lavot, Marie-Georges Pascal and Tony Gatlif, also author of the script. She can be seen in 1981 in *Haute surveillance* by Pierre-Alain Jolivet then in 1984 next to Pierre Richard in *The twin*. Finally, in 1992 she played in *Les amies de ma femme* by Didier Van Cauwelaert with Michel Leeb, Christine Boisson and Catherine Arditi.

Although her film career remains quite modest, Françoise Dorner, has been very present on the small screen since the late 1960s. She was the star of several TV movies and embodied in particular *La Petite Fadette* in 1978. In 1985, she interpreted the commissioner Françoise Valence in the series "Madame et ses flics". The television also gave her in 1996, the possibility of adapting one of her plays, *Le Parfum de Jeannette*.

### Writer

Her plays *L'Hirondelle* and *Le Parfum de Jeannette*, cowritten with Jean-Claude Carrière, earned her the Prix du Jeune Théâtre Béatrix Dussane-André Roussin. In 2004, she was awarded the Prix Goncourt du premier roman for *La Fille du rang derrière*, critically acclaimed in France but also in the United States. In 2006 *La Douceur assassine* obtained the Prix Émile Augier bestowed by the Académie française and in 2011, she received the Prix Roger-Nimier for *Tartelettes, jarretelles et bigorneaux*.

## Works

### PLays

* *L'Hirondelle*
* *Le Parfum de Jeannette*
* *Bonheur Parfait* (2000)

### Novels

* 2004: *La Fille du rang derrière* (Albin Michel, Le Livre de Poche 2006, ISBN 2253117404)
* 2006: *La Douceur assassine* (Albin Michel, Le Livre de Poche, 2008, ISBN 2226172416) adapted to the cinema under the title *Mr. Morgan's Last Love* (2013) directed by Sandra Nettelbeck
* 2009: *Magic Retouches* (Albin Michel, ISBN 2226188770)
* 2011: *Tartelettes, jarretelles et bigorneaux* (Albin Michel, ISBN 2226221379)

## Theatre

## Filmography

### Actress

Cinema Television

### Screenwriter

## Dubbing