title: Atlanta Review

abstract: Atlanta Review is an international poetry journal based in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It was founded by Daniel Veach in 1994 and is published twice a year. Karen Head of the Georgia Institute of Technology became editor in 2016. The journal's focus is poetry, but interviews and black-and-white artwork are occasionally accepted. Nobel Laureates, American Poet Laureates, and Pulitzer Prize winners are among the many notable poets whose work has appeared in Atlanta Review, including Joseph Brodsky, Billy Collins, Carl Dennis, Stephen Dunn, Gunter Grass, Rachel Hadas, Seamus Heaney, Josephine Jacobsen, Yusef Komunyakaa, Ted Kooser, Thomas Lux, Eugenio Montale, Paul Muldoon, Natasha Trethewey, Maxine Kumin, Charles Simic, Louis Simpson, Tracy K. Smith, Alicia Stallings, Mark Strand, Derek Walcott, and Charles Wright. Works first published in Atlanta Review have been included in the Best American Poetry and Pushcart Prize anthologies.

text:
# Atlanta Review

***Atlanta Review*** is an international poetry journal based in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It was founded by Daniel Veach in 1994 and is published twice a year. Karen Head of the Georgia Institute of Technology became editor in 2016.

The journal's focus is poetry, but interviews and black-and-white artwork are occasionally accepted. Nobel Laureates, American Poet Laureates, and Pulitzer Prize winners are among the many notable poets whose work has appeared in *Atlanta Review*, including Joseph Brodsky, Billy Collins, Carl Dennis, Stephen Dunn, Gunter Grass, Rachel Hadas, Seamus Heaney, Josephine Jacobsen, Yusef Komunyakaa, Ted Kooser, Thomas Lux, Eugenio Montale, Paul Muldoon, Natasha Trethewey, Maxine Kumin, Charles Simic, Louis Simpson, Tracy K. Smith, Alicia Stallings, Mark Strand, Derek Walcott, and Charles Wright. Works first published in *Atlanta Review* have been included in the *Best American Poetry* and *Pushcart Prize* anthologies.

## InfoBox

*Atlanta Review*
| Spring/Summer 2006 issue | |
| --- | --- |
| Editor | Karen Head |
| Former editors | Daniel Veach |
| Frequency | Semiannual |
| Format | Print |
| Founder | Daniel Veach |
| Founded | 1994 (1994) |
| Country | United States |
| Based in | Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. |
| Language | English |
| Website | http://atlantareview.com/ |
| ISSN | 1073-9696 |
| OCLC | 869692966 |


title: 2007 Six Nations Championship

abstract: The 2007 Six Nations Championship was the eighth series of the rugby union Six Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the 113th series of the international championship. Fifteen matches were played over five weekends from 3 February to 17 March. In this year, France again won on points difference above Ireland, after four teams had at least a mathematical chance of topping the table going into the final week. Italy had their first away win of the tournament, beating Scotland in Edinburgh. It was also the first time that they won two of their matches, as they went on to beat Wales in Rome, finishing in 4th place, their best result so far. Scotland won the wooden spoon on points difference below Wales, and Ireland won the Triple Crown for the second straight year and third time in four years.

text:
# 2007 Six Nations Championship

The **2007 Six Nations Championship** was the eighth series of the rugby union Six Nations Championship. Including the previous incarnations as the Home Nations and Five Nations, this was the 113th series of the international championship. Fifteen matches were played over five weekends from 3 February to 17 March.

In this year, France again won on points difference above Ireland, after four teams had at least a mathematical chance of topping the table going into the final week. Italy had their first away win of the tournament, beating Scotland in Edinburgh. It was also the first time that they won two of their matches, as they went on to beat Wales in Rome, finishing in 4th place, their best result so far. Scotland won the wooden spoon on points difference below Wales, and Ireland won the Triple Crown for the second straight year and third time in four years.

## Participants

| Nation | Venue | City | Head coach | Captain |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| England | Twickenham Stadium | London | Brian Ashton | Phil Vickery |
| France | Stade de France | Saint-Denis | Bernard Laporte | Raphaël Ibañez |
| Ireland | Croke Park | Dublin | Eddie O'Sullivan | Brian O'Driscoll |
| Italy | Stadio Flaminio | Rome | Pierre Berbizier | Marco Bortolami |
| Scotland | Murrayfield Stadium | Edinburgh | Frank Hadden | Chris Paterson |
| Wales | Millennium Stadium | Cardiff | Gareth Jenkins | Stephen Jones |

## Squads

## Table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD | T | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | France | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 155 | 86 | +69 | 15 | 8 |
| 2 | Ireland | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 149 | 84 | +65 | 17 | 8 |
| 3 | England | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 119 | 115 | +4 | 10 | 6 |
| 4 | Italy | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 94 | 147 | 53 | 9 | 4 |
| 5 | Wales | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 86 | 113 | 27 | 7 | 2 |
| 6 | Scotland | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 95 | 153 | 58 | 7 | 2 |

Source:  * After Round 4 of the competition, all of the teams had lost at least one match, and as a result, no one could win the Grand Slam.
* Ireland won the Triple Crown for the second straight year and third time in four years.

## The first four rounds

In the build-up to the competition, Ireland were being tipped as favourites for the Grand Slam, having played well during the Autumn Tests. However, despite having started strongly with a win against Wales, they lost to France 20–17 in an historic encounter at Croke Park. In turn, Ireland went on to beat England, who subsequently won against France.

Round 3 of the competition saw Italy win their first ever away match in the Six Nations. Scotland conceded three tries (all converted) in the first six minutes, and Italy went on to secure an historic 37–17 victory. In the same round, England's defeat by Ireland at Croke Park 43–13 marked their worst result ever in the history of the tournament, both in number of points conceded and in points difference (30 points).

In round 4, Italy achieved a second victory in the same tournament for the first time, when they defeated Wales 23–20 in Rome in a match that ended in controversy. Trailing by three points, Wales had the chance to equalise in the closing moments of the game when they were awarded a kickable penalty near the Italian 22-metre line. But, having been informed by the referee that 10 seconds remained, they chose to kick for touch, believing that there was time for an attacking line-out and possible try-scoring opportunity, only for the referee to blow his whistle and end the game before the line-out could form. The Welsh players were incensed and the referee later apologised for the misunderstanding that had arisen.

## Final day

All three matches in week five of the tournament were played on the same day and four teams  France, Ireland, England and Italy — still had a chance of winning the tournament: France were narrowly ahead of Ireland on points difference, England and Italy could become champions if they won by a large margin and the other results favoured them.

The game between Ireland and Italy was played first. At half-time, Ireland led by a single point, but they extended their lead in the second half. As time ran out, Ireland were in possession and could have kicked the ball into touch, ending the game and leaving France requiring a 30-point margin in their game; instead, they opted to seek another try, supposedly to set France a bigger target, only for Italy to regain possession and score a converted try, reducing France's target to 23 points.

The second game was between France and Scotland. After starting slowly, France steadily extended their lead, but were still three points short of their target when, with time running out, Elvis Vermeulen scored a try in injury-time, which was converted, to give France a 27-point victory and put them in the lead in the tournament. The referee referred the try to the Television Match Official (TMO), an Irishman, asking if there was any reason why the try should not be awarded. The TMO advised that there was no reason, and the referee awarded the try.

In the final match, England needed to beat Wales by 57 points to overtake France, while Wales were trying to avoid the wooden spoon. Wales led 15–0 after 15 minutes and 18–15 at half-time, and though England managed to draw level in the second half, James Hook then kicked two penalties and a drop goal, to give Wales the victory by 27–18. This result confirmed France's position as champions and handed the wooden spoon to Scotland, both on points difference.

## Results

### Round 1

| Italy | 3–39 | France |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Pen:** Pez (1/1) 36' | Report | **Try:** Dominici 23' c
Heymans 30' c
Chabal (2) 40' m, 44' c
Jauzion 63' c
**Con:** Skrela (4/5)
**Pen:** Skrela (1/1) 13'
Beauxis (1/1) 72' |

| FB **15** Roland de Marigny  RW **14** Denis Dallan  OC **13** Gonzalo Canale   78'  IC **12** Mirco Bergamasco  LW **11** Andrea Masi  FH **10** Andrea Scanavacca   25'  SH **9** Paul Griffen   71'  N8 **8** Sergio Parisse  OF **7** Mauro Bergamasco  BF **6** Josh Sole  RL **5** Marco Bortolami ()  LL **4** Santiago Dellapè   49'  TP **3** Carlos Nieto   49'  HK **2** Fabio Ongaro   49'  LP **1** Salvatore Perugini   49'  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Carlo Festuccia   49'  PR **17** Andrea Lo Cicero   49'  PR **18** Martin Castrogiovanni   49'  LK **19** Roberto Mandelli   49'  SH **20** Alessandro Troncon   71'  FH **21** Ramiro Pez   25'  WG **22** Kaine Robertson   78'  **Coach:**  Pierre Berbizier |  | FB **15** Clément Poitrenaud  RW **14** Cédric Heymans  OC **13** Florian Fritz   69'  IC **12** Yannick Jauzion  LW **11** Christophe Dominici  FH **10** David Skrela  SH **9** Pierre Mignoni  N8 **8** Sébastien Chabal   72'  OF **7** Julien Bonnaire   66'  BF **6** Serge Betsen  RL **5** Jérôme Thion  LL **4** Lionel Nallet  TP **3** Pieter de Villiers  HK **2** Raphaël Ibañez ()   58'  LP **1** Olivier Milloud   58'  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Dimitri Szarzewski   58'  PR **17** Sylvain Marconnet   58'  LK **18** Pascal Papé   72'  FL **19** Imanol Harinordoquy   66'  SH **20** Dimitri Yachvili  FH **21** Lionel Beauxis   69'  WG **22** Vincent Clerc  **Coach:**  Bernard Laporte |
| --- | --- | --- |

---

| England | 42–20 | Scotland |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Try:** Robinson (2) 37' m, 55' c
Wilkinson 59' c
Lund 72' m
**Con:** Wilkinson (2/4)
**Pen:** Wilkinson (5/5) 11', 29', 31', 49', 53'
**Drop:** Wilkinson (1/2) 19' | Report | **Try:** Taylor 25' c
Dewey 77' c
**Con:** Paterson (2/2)
**Pen:** Paterson (2/3) 18', 43' |

| FB **15** Olly Morgan  RW **14** Josh Lewsey  OC **13** Mike Tindall  IC **12** Andy Farrell  LW **11** Jason Robinson  FH **10** Jonny Wilkinson  SH **9** Harry Ellis  N8 **8** Martin Corry ()  OF **7** Magnus Lund  BF **6** Joe Worsley  RL **5** Danny Grewcock  LL **4** Louis Deacon  TP **3** Phil Vickery   74'  HK **2** George Chuter  LP **1** Perry Freshwater  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Lee Mears  PR **17** Julian White   74'  LK **18** Tom Palmer  FL **19** Tom Rees  SH **20** Peter Richards  FH **21** Toby Flood  CE **22** Mathew Tait  **Coach:**  Brian Ashton |  | FB **15** Hugo Southwell  RW **14** Sean Lamont  OC **13** Marcus Di Rollo  IC **12** Andrew Henderson   62'  LW **11** Chris Paterson  FH **10** Dan Parks  SH **9** Chris Cusiter  N8 **8** Dave Callam  OF **7** Kelly Brown   62'  BF **6** Simon Taylor  RL **5** Jim Hamilton   62'  LL **4** Alastair Kellock ()  TP **3** Euan Murray  HK **2** Dougie Hall  LP **1** Gavin Kerr   55'  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Ross Ford  PR **17** Allan Jacobsen   55'  LK **18** Scott Murray   62'  FL **19** Ally Hogg   62'  SH **20** Rory Lawson  CE **21** Rob Dewey   62'  FB **22** Rory Lamont  **Coach:**  Frank Hadden |
| --- | --- | --- |

---

| Wales | 9–19 | Ireland |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Pen:** S. Jones (3/3) 9', 19', 25' | Report | **Try:** R. Best 1' m
B. O'Driscoll 33' c
O'Gara 71' c
**Con:** O'Gara (2/3) |

| FB **15** Kevin Morgan  RW **14** Hal Luscombe   60'  OC **13** Jamie Robinson  IC **12** James Hook  LW **11** Chris Czekaj  FH **10** Stephen Jones  SH **9** Dwayne Peel   73'  N8 **8** Ryan Jones ()   34' to 40'  OF **7** Martyn Williams     79'  BF **6** Alix Popham  RL **5** Alun Wyn Jones  LL **4** Ian Gough   71'  TP **3** Chris Horsman   55'  HK **2** T. Rhys Thomas   67'  LP **1** Gethin Jenkins  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Matthew Rees   67'  PR **17** Duncan Jones   55'  LK **18** Robert Sidoli   71'  FH **19** Gavin Thomas   34'  40'  79'  SH **20** Mike Phillips   73'  CE **21** Ceri Sweeney  WG **22** Aled Brew   60'  **Coach:**  Gareth Jenkins |  | FB **15** Girvan Dempsey  RW **14** Andrew Trimble  OC **13** Brian O'Driscoll ()     75'  IC **12** Gordon D'Arcy  LW **11** Denis Hickie   27'  37'  FH **10** Ronan O'Gara  SH **9** Peter Stringer  N8 **8** Denis Leamy  OF **7** David Wallace  BF **6** Simon Easterby  RL **5** Paul O'Connell  LL **4** Donncha O'Callaghan  TP **3** John Hayes  HK **2** Rory Best   65'  LP **1** Marcus Horan  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Jerry Flannery   65'  PR **17** Simon Best  LK **18** Mick O'Driscoll  FL **19** Neil Best  SH **20** Isaac Boss  FH **21** Paddy Wallace  FB **22** Geordan Murphy   27'  37'  75'  **Coach:**  Eddie O'Sullivan |
| --- | --- | --- |

### Round 2

| England | 20–7 | Italy |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Try:** Robinson 39' m
**Pen:** Wilkinson (5/5) 3', 15', 25', 56', 75' | Report | **Try:** Scanavacca 65' c
**Con:** Scanavacca (1/1) |

| FB **15** Iain Balshaw  RW **14** Josh Lewsey  OC **13** Mike Tindall  IC **12** Andy Farrell  LW **11** Jason Robinson  FH **10** Jonny Wilkinson  SH **9** Harry Ellis  N8 **8** Martin Corry ()  OF **7** Magnus Lund  BF **6** Nick Easter  RL **5** Danny Grewcock  LL **4** Louis Deacon  TP **3** Phil Vickery  HK **2** George Chuter   70'  LP **1** Perry Freshwater  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Lee Mears  PR **17** Julian White   70'  LK **18** Tom Palmer  FL **19** Tom Rees  SH **20** Shaun Perry  FH **21** Toby Flood  CE **22** Mathew Tait  **Coach:**  Brian Ashton |  | FB **15** Roland de Marigny  RW **14** Kaine Robertson  OC **13** Gonzalo Canale  IC **12** Mirco Bergamasco  LW **11** Denis Dallan   24'  FH **10** Andrea Scanavacca  SH **9** Alessandro Troncon  N8 **8** Sergio Parisse  OF **7** Maurizio Zaffiri  BF **6** Josh Sole  RL **5** Marco Bortolami ()  LL **4** Santiago Dellapè   71'  TP **3** Martin Castrogiovanni  HK **2** Carlo Festuccia  LP **1** Andrea Lo Cicero   58'  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Fabio Ongaro  PR **17** Salvatore Perugini   58'  LK **18** Valerio Bernabò   71'  FL **19** Roberto Mandelli  SH **20** Paul Griffen  CE **21** Ramiro Pez  WG **22** Matteo Pratichetti  24'  **Coach:**  Pierre Berbizier |
| --- | --- | --- |

---

| Scotland | 21–9 | Wales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Pen:** Paterson (7/7) 6', 19', 37', 48', 52', 58', 79' | Report | **Pen:** S. Jones (3/3) 24', 40', 54' |

| FB **15** Hugo Southwell  RW **14** Sean Lamont  OC **13** Marcus Di Rollo  IC **12** Rob Dewey  LW **11** Chris Paterson  FH **10** Phil Godman   70'  SH **9** Chris Cusiter  N8 **8** Dave Callam  OF **7** Kelly Brown   56'  BF **6** Simon Taylor ()  RL **5** Scott Murray  LL **4** Jim Hamilton   49'  TP **3** Euan Murray  HK **2** Ross Ford  LP **1** Gavin Kerr   56'  **Substitutions:**  PR **16** Allan Jacobsen   56'  LK **17** Nathan Hines   49'  FL **18** Ally Hogg   56'  SH **19** Rory Lawson  CE **20** Graeme Morrison  CE **21** Simon Webster  WG **22** Nikki Walker   70'  **Coach:**  Frank Hadden |  | FB **15** Kevin Morgan  RW **14** Mark Jones  OC **13** Jamie Robinson  IC **12** James Hook  LW **11** Chris Czekaj  FH **10** Stephen Jones  SH **9** Dwayne Peel  N8 **8** Ryan Jones ()  OF **7** Martyn Williams  BF **6** Alix Popham  RL **5** Alun Wyn Jones  LL **4** Robert Sidoli   53'  TP **3** Duncan Jones  HK **2** T. Rhys Thomas  LP **1** Adam Jones  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Matthew Rees  PR **17** Gethin Jenkins  LK **18** Ian Gough   53'  FH **19** Jonathan Thomas  SH **20** Mike Phillips  FH **21** Ceri Sweeney  CE **22** Tom Shanklin  **Coach:**  Gareth Jenkins |
| --- | --- | --- |

---

| Ireland | 17–20 | France |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Try:** O'Gara 31' m
**Pen:** O'Gara (4/4) 12', 24', 56', 78' | Report | **Try:** Ibañez 14' c
Clerc 79' c
**Con:** Skrela (1/1)
Beauxis (1/1)
**Pen:** Skrela (2/4) 4', 9' |

| FB **15** Girvan Dempsey  RW **14** Geordan Murphy  OC **13** Gordon D'Arcy  IC **12** Shane Horgan  LW **11** Denis Hickie  FH **10** Ronan O'Gara  SH **9** Isaac Boss  N8 **8** Denis Leamy  OF **7** David Wallace  BF **6** Simon Easterby  RL **5** Paul O'Connell  LL **4** Donncha O'Callaghan  TP **3** John Hayes  HK **2** Rory Best  LP **1** Marcus Horan  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Jerry Flannery  PR **17** Simon Best  LK **18** Mick O'Driscoll  FL **19** Neil Best  SH **20** Eoin Reddan  FH **21** Paddy Wallace  WG **22** Andrew Trimble  **Coach:**  Eddie O'Sullivan |  | FB **15** Clément Poitrenaud  RW **14** Vincent Clerc  OC **13** David Marty  IC **12** Yannick Jauzion  LW **11** Christophe Dominici  FH **10** David Skrela  SH **9** Pierre Mignoni  N8 **8** Sébastien Chabal  OF **7** Imanol Harinordoquy  BF **6** Serge Betsen  RL **5** Pascal Papé  LL **4** Lionel Nallet  TP **3** Pieter de Villiers  HK **2** Raphaël Ibañez  LP **1** Sylvain Marconnet  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Yannick Bru  PR **17** Olivier Milloud  LK **18** Jérôme Thion  FL **19** Julien Bonnaire  SH **20** Dimitri Yachvili  FH **21** Lionel Beauxis  FB **22** Cédric Heymans  **Coach:**  Bernard Laporte |
| --- | --- | --- |

### Round 3

| Scotland | 17–37 | Italy |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Try:** Dewey 14' c
Paterson 60' c
**Con:** Paterson (2/2)
**Pen:** Paterson (1/1) 40' | Report | **Try:** Ma. Bergamasco 1' c
Scanavacca 4' c
Robertson 6' c
Troncon 75' c
**Con:** Scanavacca (4/4)
**Pen:** Scanavacca (3/3) 19', 66', 71' |

| FB **15** Hugo Southwell  RW **14** Sean Lamont  OC **13** Marcus Di Rollo  IC **12** Rob Dewey  LW **11** Chris Paterson  FH **10** Phil Godman  SH **9** Chris Cusiter  N8 **8** Dave Callam  OF **7** Kelly Brown  BF **6** Simon Taylor  RL **5** Scott Murray  LL **4** Nathan Hines  TP **3** Euan Murray  HK **2** Dougie Hall  LP **1** Gavin Kerr  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Ross Ford  PR **17** Allan Jacobsen  LK **18** Jim Hamilton  FL **19** Ally Hogg  SH **20** Rory Lawson  CE **21** Andrew Henderson  WG **22** Nikki Walker  **Coach:**  Frank Hadden |  | FB **15** Roland de Marigny  RW **14** Kaine Robertson  OC **13** Gonzalo Canale  IC **12** Mirco Bergamasco  LW **11** Andrea Masi  FH **10** Andrea Scanavacca  SH **9** Alessandro Troncon  N8 **8** Sergio Parisse  OF **7** Mauro Bergamasco  BF **6** Alessandro Zanni  RL **5** Marco Bortolami  LL **4** Santiago Dellapè  TP **3** Martín Castrogiovanni  HK **2** Carlo Festuccia  LP **1** Andrea Lo Cicero  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Fabio Ongaro  PR **17** Salvatore Perugini  PR **18** Carlos Nieto  LK **19** Valerio Bernabò  FL **20** Maurizio Zaffiri  SH **21** Paul Griffen  FH **22** Ramiro Pez  **Coach:**  Pierre Berbizier |
| --- | --- | --- |

* This was Italy's biggest margin of victory over a Tier 1 nation.

---

| Ireland | 43–13 | England |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Try:** Dempsey 30' c
D. Wallace 37' c
Horgan 63' c
Boss 78' c
**Con:** O'Gara (3/3)
P. Wallace (1/1)
**Pen:** O'Gara (5/5) 6', 20', 26', 43', 57' | Report | **Try:** Strettle 46' c
**Con:** Wilkinson (1/1)
**Pen:** Wilkinson (2/3) 2', 56' |

| FB **15** Girvan Dempsey  RW **14** Shane Horgan  OC **13** Brian O'Driscoll  IC **12** Gordon D'Arcy  LW **11** Denis Hickie  FH **10** Ronan O'Gara  SH **9** Peter Stringer  N8 **8** Denis Leamy  OF **7** David Wallace  BF **6** Simon Easterby  RL **5** Paul O'Connell  LL **4** Donncha O'Callaghan  TP **3** John Hayes  HK **2** Rory Best  LP **1** Marcus Horan  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Jerry Flannery  PR **17** Simon Best  LK **18** Mick O'Driscoll  FL **19** Neil Best  SH **20** Isaac Boss  FH **21** Paddy Wallace  WG **22** Andrew Trimble  **Coach:**  Eddie O'Sullivan |  | FB **15** Olly Morgan  RW **14** Josh Lewsey  OC **13** Mike Tindall  IC **12** Andy Farrell  LW **11** David Strettle  FH **10** Jonny Wilkinson  SH **9** Harry Ellis  N8 **8** Martin Corry  OF **7** Magnus Lund  BF **6** Joe Worsley  RL **5** Danny Grewcock  LL **4** Louis Deacon  TP **3** Phil Vickery  HK **2** George Chuter  LP **1** Perry Freshwater  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Lee Mears  PR **17** Julian White  LK **18** Tom Palmer  FL **19** Tom Rees  SH **20** Shaun Perry  FH **21** Toby Flood  CE **22** Mathew Tait  **Coach:**  Brian Ashton |
| --- | --- | --- |

---

| France | 32–21 | Wales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Try:** Dominici 28' c
Nallet 34' c
**Con:** Skrela (2/2)
**Pen:** Skrela (5/6) 11', 18', 38', 46', 52'
Beauxis (1/1) 80' | Report | **Try:** Popham 13' c
Shanklin 15' c
Robinson 74' c
**Con:** S. Jones (3/3) |

| FB **15** Clément Poitrenaud  RW **14** Vincent Clerc  OC **13** David Marty  IC **12** Yannick Jauzion  LW **11** Christophe Dominici  FH **10** David Skrela  SH **9** Pierre Mignoni  N8 **8** Elvis Vermeulen  OF **7** Julien Bonnaire  BF **6** Serge Betsen  RL **5** Jérôme Thion  LL **4** Lionel Nallet  TP **3** Nicolas Mas  HK **2** Raphaël Ibañez  LP **1** Olivier Milloud  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Benoît August  PR **17** Sylvain Marconnet  LK **18** Grégory Lamboley  N8 **19** Imanol Harinordoquy  SH **20** Dimitri Yachvili  FH **21** Lionel Beauxis  WG **22** Aurélien Rougerie  **Coach:**  Bernard Laporte |  | FB **15** Lee Byrne  RW **14** Mark Jones  OC **13** Tom Shanklin  IC **12** James Hook  LW **11** Shane Williams  FH **10** Stephen Jones  SH **9** Dwayne Peel  N8 **8** Ryan Jones  OF **7** Martyn Williams  BF **6** Alix Popham  RL **5** Alun Wyn Jones  LL **4** Ian Gough  TP **3** Chris Horsman  HK **2** Matthew Rees  LP **1** Gethin Jenkins  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** T. Rhys Thomas  PR **17** Duncan Jones  LK **18** Brent Cockbain  FL **19** Jonathan Thomas  SH **20** Mike Phillips  FH **21** Ceri Sweeney  CE **22** Jamie Robinson  **Coach:**  Gareth Jenkins |
| --- | --- | --- |

### Round 4

| Scotland | 18–19 | Ireland |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Pen:** Paterson (6/6) 17', 36', 40', 51', 61', 66' | Report | **Try:** O'Gara 30' c
**Con:** O'Gara (1/1)
**Pen:** O'Gara (4/6) 9', 38', 68', 70' |

| FB **15** Hugo Southwell  RW **14** Sean Lamont  OC **13** Marcus Di Rollo  IC **12** Rob Dewey  LW **11** Chris Paterson  FH **10** Dan Parks  SH **9** Chris Cusiter  N8 **8** Dave Callam  OF **7** Kelly Brown  BF **6** Simon Taylor  RL **5** Scott Murray  LL **4** Nathan Hines  TP **3** Euan Murray  HK **2** Dougie Hall  LP **1** Gavin Kerr  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Ross Ford  PR **17** Allan Jacobsen  LK **18** Jim Hamilton  FL **19** Ally Hogg  SH **20** Rory Lawson  CE **21** Andrew Henderson  WG **22** Rory Lamont  **Coach:**  Frank Hadden |  | FB **15** Girvan Dempsey  RW **14** Shane Horgan  OC **13** Brian O'Driscoll  IC **12** Gordon D'Arcy  LW **11** Denis Hickie  FH **10** Ronan O'Gara  SH **9** Peter Stringer  N8 **8** Denis Leamy  OF **7** David Wallace  BF **6** Simon Easterby  RL **5** Paul O'Connell  LL **4** Donncha O'Callaghan  TP **3** John Hayes  HK **2** Rory Best  LP **1** Simon Best  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Jerry Flannery  PR **17** Bryan Young  LK **18** Mick O'Driscoll  FL **19** Neil Best  SH **20** Eoin Reddan  FH **21** Paddy Wallace  WG **22** Andrew Trimble  **Coach:**  Eddie O'Sullivan |
| --- | --- | --- |

---

| Italy | 23–20 | Wales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Try:** Robertson 37' c
Mauro Bergamasco 78' c
**Con:** Pez (2/2)
**Pen:** Pez (3/4) 12', 20', 73' | Report | **Try:** S. Williams 27' c
Rees 45' c
**Con:** S. Jones (1/1)
Hook (1/1)
**Pen:** Hook (2/2) 44', 54' |

| FB **15** Roland de Marigny  RW **14** Kaine Robertson  OC **13** Gonzalo Canale  IC **12** Mirco Bergamasco  LW **11** Andrea Pratichetti  FH **10** Ramiro Pez  SH **9** Alessandro Troncon  N8 **8** Sergio Parisse  OF **7** Mauro Bergamasco  BF **6** Alessandro Zanni  RL **5** Marco Bortolami  LL **4** Santiago Dellapè  TP **3** Carlos Nieto  HK **2** Carlo Festuccia  LP **1** Andrea Lo Cicero  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Leonardo Ghiraldini  PR **17** Salvatore Perugini  PR **18** Fabio Staibano  LK **19** Valerio Bernabò  FL **20** Maurizio Zaffiri  SH **21** Paul Griffen  FH **22** Andrea Scanavacca  **Coach:**  Pierre Berbizier |  | FB **15** Kevin Morgan  RW **14** Mark Jones  OC **13** Tom Shanklin  IC **12** James Hook  LW **11** Shane Williams  FH **10** Stephen Jones  SH **9** Dwayne Peel  N8 **8** Ryan Jones  OF **7** Martyn Williams  BF **6** Alix Popham  RL **5** Alun Wyn Jones  LL **4** Ian Gough  TP **3** Chris Horsman  HK **2** Matthew Rees  LP **1** Gethin Jenkins  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** T. Rhys Thomas  PR **17** Duncan Jones  PR **18** Adam Jones  LK **19** Brent Cockbain  FL **20** Jonathan Thomas  SH **21** Mike Phillips  FB **22** Gareth Thomas  **Coach:**  Gareth Jenkins |
| --- | --- | --- |

* This was the first time that Italy won two matches in a Six Nations Championship.

---

| England | 26–18 | France |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Try:** Flood 48' c
Tindall 73' c
**Con:** Flood (1/1)
Geraghty (1/1)
**Pen:** Flood (3/5) 8', 31', 35'
Geraghty (1/1) 68' | Report | **Pen:** Skrela (3/3) 4', 15', 21'
Yachvili (3/3) 34', 52', 59' |

| FB **15** Josh Lewsey  RW **14** David Strettle  OC **13** Mike Tindall  IC **12** Mike Catt  LW **11** Jason Robinson  FH **10** Toby Flood  SH **9** Harry Ellis  N8 **8** Nick Easter  OF **7** Tom Rees  BF **6** Joe Worsley  RL **5** Tom Palmer  LL **4** Martin Corry  TP **3** Julian White  HK **2** George Chuter  LP **1** Tim Payne  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Lee Mears  PR **17** Stuart Turner  LK **18** Louis Deacon  FL **19** Magnus Lund  SH **20** Shaun Perry  FH **21** Shane Geraghty  CE **22** Mathew Tait  **Coach:**  Brian Ashton |  | FB **15** Clément Poitrenaud  RW **14** Vincent Clerc  OC **13** David Marty  IC **12** Yannick Jauzion  LW **11** Christophe Dominici  FH **10** David Skrela  SH **9** Dimitri Yachvili  N8 **8** Sébastien Chabal  OF **7** Julien Bonnaire  BF **6** Serge Betsen  RL **5** Jérôme Thion  LL **4** Lionel Nallet  TP **3** Pieter de Villiers  HK **2** Raphaël Ibañez  LP **1** Olivier Milloud  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Sébastien Bruno  PR **17** Nicolas Mas  LK **18** Pascal Papé  N8 **19** Imanol Harinordoquy  SH **20** Pierre Mignoni  FH **21** Lionel Beauxis  FB **22** Cédric Heymans  **Coach:**  Bernard Laporte |
| --- | --- | --- |

* England's victory meant that no team could now win the Grand Slam.

### Round 5

| Italy | 24–51 | Ireland |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Try:** Bortolami 75' m
De Marigny 80' c
**Con:** Scanavacca (1/2)
**Pen:** Pez (2/3) 15', 26'
**Drop:** Pez (2/2) 12', 29' | Report | **Try:** Dempsey (2) 17' m, 46' c
Easterby 21' m
D'Arcy 40' c
Horgan 51' m
Hickie (2) 55' c, 77' m
O'Gara 59' c
**Con:** O'Gara (4/8)
**Pen:** O'Gara (1/1) 6' |

| FB **15** Roland de Marigny  RW **14** Kaine Robertson  OC **13** Ezio Galon  IC **12** Mirco Bergamasco  LW **11** Andrea Pratichetti  FH **10** Ramiro Pez  SH **9** Alessandro Troncon  N8 **8** Sergio Parisse  OF **7** Maurizio Zaffiri  BF **6** Alessandro Zanni  RL **5** Marco Bortolami  LL **4** Santiago Dellapè  TP **3** Carlos Nieto  HK **2** Carlo Festuccia  LP **1** Salvatore Perugini  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Leonardo Ghiraldini  PR **17** Fabio Staibano  LK **18** Valerio Bernabò  FL **19** Josh Sole  SH **20** Paul Griffen  FH **21** Andrea Scanavacca  CE **22** Matteo Barbini  **Coach:**  Pierre Berbizier |  | FB **15** Girvan Dempsey  RW **14** Shane Horgan  OC **13** Brian O'Driscoll  IC **12** Gordon D'Arcy  LW **11** Denis Hickie  FH **10** Ronan O'Gara  SH **9** Peter Stringer  N8 **8** Denis Leamy  OF **7** David Wallace  BF **6** Simon Easterby  RL **5** Mick O'Driscoll  LL **4** Donncha O'Callaghan  TP **3** John Hayes  HK **2** Rory Best  LP **1** Marcus Horan  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Jerry Flannery  PR **17** Simon Best  LK **18** Trevor Hogan  FL **19** Neil Best  SH **20** Eoin Reddan  FH **21** Paddy Wallace  WG **22** Andrew Trimble  **Coach:**  Eddie O'Sullivan |
| --- | --- | --- |

---

| France | 46–19 | Scotland |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Try:** Harinordoquy 29' c
Jauzion 33' c
Marty 52' c
Heymans 59' m
Milloud 62' c
Vermeulen 80' c
**Con:** Beauxis (5/6)
**Pen:** Beauxis (2/2) 19', 37' | Report | **Try:** Walker 7' c
S. Lamont 40' c
E. Murray 76' m
**Con:** Paterson (2/3) |

| FB **15** Clément Poitrenaud  RW **14** Vincent Clerc  OC **13** David Marty  IC **12** Yannick Jauzion  LW **11** Cédric Heymans  FH **10** Lionel Beauxis  SH **9** Pierre Mignoni  N8 **8** Imanol Harinordoquy  OF **7** Julien Bonnaire  BF **6** Serge Betsen  RL **5** Jérôme Thion  LL **4** Lionel Nallet  TP **3** Pieter de Villiers  HK **2** Raphaël Ibañez  LP **1** Olivier Milloud  **Substitutions:**  PR **16** Nicolas Mas  HK **17** Sébastien Bruno  LK **18** Pascal Papé  N8 **19** Elvis Vermeulen  SH **20** Jean-Baptiste Élissalde  CE **21** Damien Traille  WG **22** Christophe Dominici  **Coach:**  Bernard Laporte |  | FB **15** Chris Paterson  RW **14** Sean Lamont  OC **13** Rob Dewey  IC **12** Andrew Henderson  LW **11** Nikki Walker  FH **10** Dan Parks  SH **9** Rory Lawson  N8 **8** Ally Hogg  OF **7** Kelly Brown  BF **6** Simon Taylor  RL **5** Scott Murray  LL **4** Nathan Hines  TP **3** Euan Murray  HK **2** Ross Ford  LP **1** Gavin Kerr  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Dougie Hall  PR **17** Allan Jacobsen  LK **18** Jim Hamilton  FL **19** Dave Callam  SH **20** Chris Cusiter  CE **21** Marcus Di Rollo  WG **22** Rory Lamont  **Coach:**  Frank Hadden |
| --- | --- | --- |

* France needed to win by 24 points to overtake Ireland.

---

| Wales | 27–18 | England |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Try:** Hook 3' c
Horsman 13' m
**Con:** Hook (1/2)
**Pen:** Hook (4/5) 11', 39', 64', 74'
**Drop:** Hook (1/2) 68' | Report | **Try:** Ellis 32' c
Robinson 40' m
**Con:** Flood (1/2)
**Pen:** Flood (1/1) 46'
**Drop:** Flood (1/1) 35' |

| FB **15** Kevin Morgan  RW **14** Mark Jones  OC **13** Tom Shanklin  IC **12** Gareth Thomas  LW **11** Shane Williams  FH **10** James Hook  SH **9** Dwayne Peel  N8 **8** Ryan Jones  OF **7** Martyn Williams  BF **6** Alix Popham  RL **5** Alun Wyn Jones  LL **4** Ian Gough  TP **3** Chris Horsman  HK **2** Matthew Rees  LP **1** Gethin Jenkins  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** T. Rhys Thomas  PR **17** Duncan Jones  PR **18** Adam Jones  LK **19** Brent Cockbain  FL **20** Jonathan Thomas  SH **21** Mike Phillips  CE **22** Jamie Robinson  **Coach:**  Gareth Jenkins |  | FB **15** Mark Cueto  RW **14** David Strettle  OC **13** Mathew Tait  IC **12** Mike Catt  LW **11** Jason Robinson  FH **10** Toby Flood  SH **9** Harry Ellis  N8 **8** Joe Worsley  OF **7** Tom Rees  BF **6** James Haskell  RL **5** Tom Palmer  LL **4** Martin Corry  TP **3** Julian White  HK **2** George Chuter  LP **1** Tim Payne  **Substitutions:**  HK **16** Lee Mears  PR **17** Stuart Turner  LK **18** Louis Deacon  FL **19** Magnus Lund  SH **20** Shaun Perry  FH **21** Shane Geraghty  CE **22** Jamie Noon  **Coach:**  Brian Ashton |
| --- | --- | --- |

* England needed to win by 57 points to win the Championship.

## Scorers

1. "France robbed of skipper Pelous". RugbyRugby.com. 20 February 2007. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 21 February 2007.
2. "Thomas to deputise for injured captain". *wru.co.uk*. Welsh Rugby Union. 14 March 2007. Archived from the original on 18 March 2007. Retrieved 15 March 2007.
3. "Italy 23-20 Wales". *BBC Sport*. British Broadcasting Corporation. 10 March 2007. Archived from the original on 20 March 2007. Retrieved 22 March 2007.
4. "Referee sorry for Rome confusion". *BBC Sport*. British Broadcasting Corporation. 11 March 2007. Retrieved 6 February 2009.
5. "France last gasp try seals 17-20 win over Ireland". Rbs6nations.com. 10 December 2007. Retrieved 10 March 2012.
6. "Six Nations 2007". *espnscrum*. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
7. "Statistics - 2007". Six Nations Rugby. Retrieved 8 February 2024.

## InfoBox

| 2007 Six Nations Championship | |
| --- | --- |
| France vs Wales, Stade de France, Saint-Denis, 24 February 2007 | |
| Date | 3 February – 17 March 2007 |
| Countries | England
France
Ireland
Italy
Scotland
Wales |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Champions | France (16th title) |
| Triple Crown | Ireland (9th title) |
| Matches played | 15 |
| Tries scored | 65 (4.33 per match) |
| Top point scorer(s) | Ronan O'Gara (82) |
| Top try scorer(s) | Jason Robinson (4)
Ronan O'Gara (4) |
| Player of the tournament | Brian O'Driscoll |
| 2006 (Previous) (Next) 2008 | |


title: 1990 Berlin Marathon

abstract: The 1990 Berlin Marathon was the 17th running of the annual marathon race held in Berlin, West Germany, held on 30 September 1990. Australia's Steve Moneghetti won the men's race in 2:08:16 hours, while the women's race was won by East Germany's Uta Pippig in 2:28:37.

text:
# 1990 Berlin Marathon

The **1990 Berlin Marathon** was the 17th running of the annual marathon race held in Berlin, West Germany, held on 30 September 1990. Australia's Steve Moneghetti won the men's race in 2:08:16 hours, while the women's race was won by East Germany's Uta Pippig in 2:28:37.

## Results

### Men

| Position | Athlete | Nationality | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Steve Moneghetti | Australia | 2:08:16 |
| 2 | Gidamis Shahanga | Tanzania | 2:08.32 |
| 3 | Jörg Peter | East Germany | 2:09:23 |
| 4 | Stephan Freigang | East Germany | 2:09:45 |
| 5 | Harri Hänninen | Finland | 2:12:40 |
| 6 | Kazuya Nishimoto | Japan | 2:12:41 |
| 7 | Herbert Steffny | West Germany | 2:12:44 |
| 8 | Hisatoshi Shintaku | Japan | 2:12:49 |
| 9 | Michael Heilmann | East Germany | 2:13:12 |
| 10 | Alfredo Shahanga | Tanzania | 2:13:29 |

### Women

| Position | Athlete | Nationality | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Uta Pippig | East Germany | 2:28:37 |
| 2 | Renata Kokowska | Poland | 2:28:50 |
| 3 | Carla Beurskens | Netherlands | 2:30:00 |
| 4 | Anna Rybicka | Poland | 2:33:16 |
| 5 | Márcia Narloch | Brazil | 2:33:57 |
| 6 | Jane Welzel | United States | 2:35:09 |
| 7 | Bożena Dziubińska | Poland | 2:35:25 |
| 8 | Birgit Jerschabek | East Germany | 2:36:20 |
| 9 | Birgit Stephan | East Germany | 2:37:23 |
| 10 | Doris Grossert | West Germany | 2:38:35 |

## InfoBox

| 17th Berlin Marathon | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Berlin, West Germany |
| Dates | 30 September 1990 (1990-09-30) |
| Champions | |
| Men | Steve Moneghetti (2:08:16) |
| Women | Uta Pippig (2:28:37) |
|


title: 1999–2000 PGA Tour of Australasia

abstract: The 1999–2000 PGA Tour of Australasia was the 28th season on the PGA Tour of Australasia, the main professional golf tour in Australia and New Zealand since it was formed in 1973.

text:
# 1999–2000 PGA Tour of Australasia

The **1999–2000 PGA Tour of Australasia** was the 28th season on the PGA Tour of Australasia, the main professional golf tour in Australia and New Zealand since it was formed in 1973.

## Schedule

The following table lists official events during the 1999–2000 season.

| Date | Tournament | Location | Purse
(A$) | Winner | OWGR
points | Other
tours | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14 Nov | Johnnie Walker Classic | Taiwan | £800,000 | Michael Campbell (3) | 28 | ASA, EUR |  |
| 21 Nov | Ford South Australian Open | South Australia | 600,000 | Craig Parry (9) | 16 |  |  |
| 28 Nov | Holden Australian Open | New South Wales | 1,000,000 | Aaron Baddeley (a) (1) | 32 |  | Flagship event |
| 5 Dec | ANZ Players Championship | Queensland | 800,000 | Brett Rumford (a) (1) | 16 |  |  |
| 12 Dec | Australian PGA Championship | Victoria | 600,000 | Greg Turner (6) | 16 |  |  |
| 19 Dec | Schweppes Coolum Classic | Queensland | 300,000 | Nick O'Hern (1) | 16 |  |  |
| 23 Jan | Crown Lager New Zealand Open | New Zealand | NZ$500,000 | Michael Campbell (4) | 16 |  |  |
| 30 Jan | Heineken Classic | Western Australia | 1,600,000 | Michael Campbell (5) | 36 | EUR |  |
| 6 Feb | Greg Norman Holden International | New South Wales | 2,000,000 | Lucas Parsons (4) | 34 | EUR |  |
| 13 Feb | Ericsson Masters | Victoria | 800,000 | Michael Campbell (6) | 18 |  |  |
| 20 Feb | Canon Challenge | New South Wales | 550,000 | Paul Gow (1) | 16 |  |  |
| 5 Mar | ANZ Tour Championship | Australian Capital Territory | 500,000 | Andre Stolz (1) | 16 |  | Tour Championship |

## Order of Merit

The Order of Merit was based on prize money won during the season, calculated in Australian dollars.

| Position | Player | Prize money (A$) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Michael Campbell | 936,810 |
| 2 | Lucas Parsons | 407,515 |
| 3 | Peter Senior | 367,076 |
| 4 | Nick O'Hern | 330,788 |
| 5 | Geoff Ogilvy | 291,523 |

## Awards

| Award | Winner | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Player of the Year | Michael Campbell |  |
| Rookie of the Year (Norman Von Nida Shield) | Brett Rumford |  |

## Australasian Development Tour

2000 Australasian Development Tour season
| Duration | 2 May 2000 (2000-05-02) – 22 October 2000 (2000-10-22) |
| --- | --- |
| Number of official events | 10 |
| Most wins | David Bransdon (2)
Matthew Habgood (2) |
| Order of Merit | David Bransdon |
| 2001 | |

The **2000 Australasian Development Tour** was the inaugural season of the Australasian Development Tour, the official development tour of the PGA Tour of Australasia between 2000 and 2001.

### Schedule

The following table lists official events during the 2000 season.

| Date | Tournament | Location | Purse
(A$) | Winner | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 5 May | Schweppes South Australian PGA Championship | South Australia | 100,000 | Chris Gray (1) |  |
| 21 May | Heineken Western Australian Open | Western Australia | 100,000 | Paul Sheehan (1) |  |
| 28 May | WA PGA Championship | Western Australia | 100,000 | Matthew Habgood (1) |  |
| 25 Jun | Polynesian Airlines Samoa Open | Samoa | 100,000 | David Bransdon (1) |  |
| 23 Jul | Tahiti Open | Tahiti | 100,000 | David Bransdon (2) |  |
| 30 Jul | New Caledonia Open | New Caledonia | 100,000 | Matthew Laroche (1) |  |
| 6 Aug | Tusker Vanuatu Open | Vanuatu | 100,000 | Ed Stedman (1) |  |
| 7 Oct | Eastern Australia Airlines Big Sky Country Open | New South Wales | 100,000 | Wayne Perske (1) |  |
| 15 Oct | Crown Victorian PGA Championship | Victoria | 100,000 | Matthew Habgood (2) |  |
| 22 Oct | Toyota Southern Classic | New South Wales | 100,000 | Scott Hend (1) |  |

1. "1999/2000 Tournament schedule". PGA Tour of Australasia. Archived from the original on 15 August 2000. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
2. "1999-2000 Australasian Tour schedule". *The Sydney Morning Herald*. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. 15 June 1999. p. 36. Retrieved 15 July 2020  via Newspapers.com.
3. "1999/2000 Order of Merit". PGA Tour of Australasia. Archived from the original on 15 August 2000. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
4. "Finally, Stolz finds himself in the winners circle". *The Age*. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 6 March 2000. p. 5 (Sport). Retrieved 15 July 2020  via Newspapers.com. New Zealander Michael Campbell has been named player of the year at the tour's annual dinner... while the Norman Von Nida Shield for rookie of the year, went to Brett Rumford.
5. Morgan, Angus. "New Development Tour". PGA Tour of Australasia. Archived from the original on 1 August 2001. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
6. "David Bransdon". PGA Tour of Australasia. Archived from the original on 30 March 2002. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
7. Buttigieg, Luke. "Gray the inaugural winner". PGA Tour of Australasia. Archived from the original on 1 August 2001. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
8. Buttigieg, Luke. "Sheehan captures WA Open". PGA Tour of Australasia. Archived from the original on 1 August 2001. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
9. Buttigieg, Luke. "Habgood wins WA PGA". PGA Tour of Australasia. Archived from the original on 1 August 2001. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
10. Buttigieg, Luke. "Bransdon's Open again". PGA Tour of Australasia. Archived from the original on 20 May 2002. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
11. McNicol, Adam. "Bransdon does it again". PGA Tour of Australasia. Archived from the original on 29 April 2001. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
12. Buttigieg, Luke. "Laroche wins in New Caledonia". PGA Tour of Australasia. Archived from the original on 28 May 2003. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
13. Buttigieg, Luke. "Steadman takes out Vanuatu Open". PGA Tour of Australasia. Archived from the original on 22 July 2001. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
14. Buttigieg, Luke. "Perske wins down the stretch". PGA Tour of Australasia. Archived from the original on 7 November 2001. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
15. Buttigieg, Luke. "Habgood salutes for second time". PGA Tour of Australasia. Archived from the original on 22 July 2001. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
16. Buttigieg, Luke. "Hend storms to title". PGA Tour of Australasia. Archived from the original on 7 November 2001. Retrieved 27 December 2021.

## InfoBox

1999–2000 PGA Tour of Australasia season
| Duration | 11 November 1999 (1999-11-11) – 5 March 2000 (2000-03-05) |
| --- | --- |
| Number of official events | 12 |
| Most wins | Michael Campbell (4) |
| Order of Merit | Michael Campbell |
| Player of the Year | Michael Campbell |
| Rookie of the Year | Brett Rumford |
| 1998–99 2000–01 | |


title: Frederic Newton Williams

abstract: Frederic Newton Williams was an English physician and botanist.

text:
# Frederic Newton Williams

**Frederic Newton Williams** (19 March 1862, Brentford, West London – 6 May 1923, Isleworth, West London) was an English physician and botanist.

## Biography

His father practised medicine in Brentford. Frederic Newton Williams was educated at Edward Bancroft's Hospital in London and then at St. Thomas' Hospital, where he became interested in botany. After qualifying with the degrees L.R.C.P. and L.S.A., he succeeded to his father's medical practice. Although Frederic Newton Williams continued to practise medicine, he was more interested in botany and the progress of the medicine and surgery. He frequently attended medical congresses abroad. He was elected in 1884 a fellow of the Linnean Society of London, in which he was an active participant.

His first botanical paper was written in Latin, a language which he wrote with fluency. He contributed many papers to the *Journal of Botany: British and Foreign*. He published some papers in French and Italian and also corresponded by letter in those languages with French and Italian botanists. He also had a good knowledge of German.

According to T. R. R. Stebbing, Williams visited Naples in the second decade of the 20th century and encountered a fraud involving the supposedly miraculous liquefaction of the blood of Saint Januarius and a pharmacist's preparation of a mixture of ox-bile and crystals of Glauber's salt.

*Dianthus mooiensis*, *Gypsophila cephalotes*, *Pavetta corymbosa*, and *Vitex quinata* are among the plant names credited to Williams.

The standard author abbreviation F.N.Williams is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

## Selected publications

* Williams, Frederic Newton (1890). *The Pinks of Central Europe*.
* (1895). *On the Genus Arenaria, Linn*.
* (1893). *A Monograph of the Genus Dianthus, Linn*.
* (1896). *Revision of the Genus Silene, Linn*.
* (1911). *Prodromus Floræ Britannicæ,* Parts 1-8.

1. Britten, James (1923). "Frederic Newton Williams (1862–1923)". *Journal of Botany: British and Foreign*. West, Newman & Company.
2. "*More about miracles* by Rev. T. R. R. Stebbing, F.R.S.". *The Hibbert Journal: A Quarterly Review of Religion, Theology, and Philosophy, volume*. Vol. XX (October 1921 to June 1922). G. Allen and Unwin Limited. 1922. pp. 150–157. (See p. 156.)
3. *Dianthus mooiensis* **F.N.Williams**, J. Bot. 27: 199 (1889)
4. *Gypsophila cephalotes* (Schrenk) **F.N.Williams**, J. Bot. 27: 323 (1889) (See *Gypsophilia*.)
5. *Pavetta corymbosa* (DC.) **F.N.Williams**, Bull. Herb. Boiss., Sér. 2, 7: BHL page 33743914 (1907) (See *Pavetta*.)
6. *CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms. Synonyms, and Etymology, Volume IV R—Z*. CRC Press. 22 November 1999. p. 2805. ISBN 9780849326783.(See *Vitex*.)
7. International Plant Names Index. *F.N.Williams*.

Data related to Frederic Newton Williams at Wikispecies


title: Fernando Rosas

abstract: Fernando José Mendes Rosas is a Portuguese historian, professor and politician, being one of the founders of the Left Bloc.

text:
# Fernando Rosas

**Fernando José Mendes Rosas** ComL (born 18 April 1946, in Lisbon) is a Portuguese historian, professor and politician, being one of the founders of the Left Bloc.

## Biography

### Early life and education

Rosas was born on 18 April 1946. He studied at Pedro Nunes secondary school, and in 1961, he joined the school's Portuguese Communist Party organization, a party for which he was later a militant.

He entered University of Lisbon's Faculty of Law where he remained an active militant. He was arrested in the repressive wave of January, 1965, while he was directing the student association of his Faculty. The Estado Novo arrested dozens of activists from the main board of student resistance. He was tried and convicted in 1965. He served one year and three months at a correctional facility. As he left this facility he dedicated himself to supporting activities for arrested politicians.

### Political career

The events of May 1968, and the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, in August of the same year, led him to opt for the abandonment of the Communist Party. He participated in Portugal's first public protest against the Vietnam War, supported by sectors that were linked to the Students' Democratic Left-Wing, organization which he helped found in late 1968. It was as a politician responsible for this party that he organized the 1969 protests in Lisbon. He also participated in the second protest (this time centred on Coimbra).

In August 1971, he was arrested for the second time and taken to the headquarters of the PIDE political police. He was submitted to sleep torture for several days and then the regime's courts convicted him to 14 months at a correctional facility.

Upon his release, he returned to anti-fascist activism. In March 1973, he actively supported the campaign for the accusation of the murder of African socialist politician Amílcar Cabral. After a renewed attempt by the PIDE to imprison him, he escaped and went "underground" until the Carnation Revolution on 25 April 1974.

Rosas took part in the foundation of the maoist Re-Organized Movement of the Party of the Proletariat (MRPP) in 1970, along with figures such as Arnaldo Matos. Up to 1979 he was editor of the *Luta Popular* newspaper ("People's struggle" in English). He represented this organization both times Ramalho Eanes ran for the presidency. During his time as a member of MRPP, Rosas was a candidate for Mayor of Lisbon in the 1976 local elections, getting 4,087 votes and 0.92% of the votes. He was later expelled from the party in 1980.

After being expelled from MRPP, Rosas grew closer to the Revolutionary Socialist Party (PSR), led by Francisco Louçã, being a candidate from the party from 1985 onwards, as an independent.

In the 1996 presidential election, Rosas belonged to the Political Committee for the presidential candidacy of Jorge Sampaio.

In 1999, with Francisco Louçã from the PSR, Luís Fazenda from the UDP and Miguel Portas from Politics XXI, Rosas became one of the founders of the Left Bloc (BE), becoming the leader of its Permanent Commission. Following the same year's legislative election, in which the Left Bloc entered Parliament by winning 2 seats, Rosas became a Member of the Assembly of the Republic from Lisbon.

Rosas was a candidate in the 2001 presidential election, being supported by the Left Bloc. He finished fourth, with 129,840 votes and 3.00% of the votes, being defeated by Jorge Sampaio, who was seeking reelection.

In 2002 he was the main candidate of the BE in Setúbal, failing to be elected. In 2005 he was once again the main candidate in Setúbal, this time being elected as a member of the Assembly of the Republic. Rosas was reelected in 2009, resigning to his seat in 2010 to dedicate himself to teaching and research as a historian.

### Academic and journalistic career

In 1981, Fernando Rosas returned to University and began dedicating himself to journalism as a profession. He coordinated the history page of *Diário de Notícias* and its cultural supplement. His collaboration with DN continued until 1992, a time when he integrated the fortnightly column of the pages of *Público*, another newspaper. In 1986 he finished a Master's Degree in Contemporary History (19th and 20th century), getting his Ph.D. in 1990.

Rosas served as the president of the Institute of Contemporary History (IHC) between 1994 and 2013, historical consultant for the Mário Soares Foundation and the director of *História* magazine between 1994 and 2007.

He was invited to be assistant professor by the Faculty of Social and Human Sciences of NOVA University of Lisbon, becoming a cathedratic professor in 2003. After teaching his last lesson in April 2016, Rosas was invited as a guest to keep teaching History of Fascism. In 2019, Rosas became professor emeritus of the NOVA FCSH, the first person to receive that honour.

Rosas is a member of the Executive Commission of the Resistance and Freedom National Museum at the Peniche Fortress, where he was arrested during the Estado Novo regime.

## Honours

## Selected works

* *As primeiras eleições legislativas sob o Estado Novo : as eleições de 16 de Dezembro de 1934*, Cadernos O Jornal, 1985
* *O Estado Novo nos Anos 30*, Lisbon, Estampa, 1986
* *O salazarismo e a Aliança Luso-Britânica : estudos sobre a política externa do Estado Novo nos anos 30 a 40*, Lisbon, Fragmentos 1988
* *Salazar e o Salazarismo* (with JM Brandão de Brito), Publicacoes Dom Quixote, 1989, ISBN 978-972-20-0758-0
* *Portugal Entre a Paz e a Guerra (1939/45)*, Lisbon, Estampa, 1990
* *Portugal e o Estado Novo (1930/60)*, Vol. XII (ed), Nova História de Portugal, (gen. ed. A. H. de Oliveira Marques e Joel Serra), Lisbon, Editorial Presença, 1992
* *O Estado Novo* (1926/74), vol. VII, História Portugal (ed. J. Mattoso), 1994
* *Dicionário de História do Estado Novo* (with JM Brandão de Brito, ed.), Lisbon, Bertrand Editora, 1996
* *Portugal e a Guerra Civil de Espanha* (ed), Colibri, 1996, ISBN 978-972-772-016-3
* *Armindo Monteiro e Oliveira Salazar : correspondência política, 1926-1955* (ed.), Lisbon, Estampa, 1996, ISBN 978-972-33-1182-2
* *Salazarismo e Fomento Económico*, Lisbon, Noticias, 2000
* *Portugal Século XX : Pensamento e Acção Política*, Lisbon, Noticias, 2004
* *Lisboa Revolucionária*, Lisbon, Tinta da China, 2007, ISBN 978-972-8955-45-8
* *História da Primeira República Portuguesa* (with Maria Fernanda Rollo), Lisbon, Tinta da China, 2009, ISBN 978-972-8955-98-4
* *Salazar e o Poder - A Arte de Saber Durar*, Lisbon, Tinta da China, 2013, ISBN 9789896711689
* *Salazar e os Fascismos*, Lisbon, Tinta da China, 2019, ISBN 9789896714840

## InfoBox

| Fernando RosasComL | |
| --- | --- |
| Fernando Rosas in 2014 | |
|  | |
| Member of the Assembly of the Republic | |
| **In office**
25 October 1999  4 April 2002 | |
| Constituency | Lisbon |
| **In office**
10 March 2005  19 June 2011 | |
| Constituency | Setúbal |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Fernando José Mendes Rosas
(1946-04-18) 18 April 1946
Lisbon, Portugal |
| Political party | Left Bloc (1999–present) |
| Other political
affiliations | Portuguese Communist Party (1961–1968)
Portuguese Workers' Communist Party (1970–1980) |
| Alma mater | University of Lisbon
Universidade Nova de Lisboa |
| Profession | Historian, professor |
|  | |


title: 2012 Sierra Leonean cholera outbreak

text:
# 2012 Sierra Leonean cholera outbreak

As of 24 September 2012, a cholera outbreak in Sierra Leone had caused the deaths of 392 people. It was the country's largest outbreak of cholera since first reported in 1970 and the deadliest since the 1994–1995 cholera outbreak. The outbreak has also affected Guinea, which shares a reservoir near the coast. This was the largest cholera outbreak in Africa in 2012.

Abdulai Bayraytay, the spokesman of the Sierra Leonean government, stated that as of 1 October 2012 there were no new reported cases of cholera. A second outbreak occurred in 2013 with 368 cases reported by August.

## Sources

Cholera is a water-borne disease, primarily spread by the consumption of water or food contaminated by the feces of an infected person. The outbreak was triggered by heavy rainfall and flooding in Sierra Leone and Guinea, combined with poor hygiene practices, unsafe water sources, and ineffective waste management. Crowded living conditions, poor sanitation and inadequate access to safe water are responsible for the higher rates of the outbreak in the Western Area including Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone.

Only about 40% of people in Sierra Leone have access to a private or shared latrine, where approximately seven families typically share one toilet. According to *The Africa Review*, nearly 60% of toilets are pit toilets that easily drain directly into sources of drinking water and more than 30% of people defecate in the open. The water and sanitation systems were damaged after the civil war in Sierra Leone, and have not been rebuilt properly, leaving approximately 43% of Sierra Leoneans without access to clean water. Poor health-care system in the country with the population of six million people also contributes to the outbreak. The UN figures indicate that there is only one doctor per 34,744 people.

## Casualties

The disease has killed 392 people and infected more than 25,000 others in Sierra Leone and Guinea since February 2012, when the epidemic was reported. On 4 September 2012, the death toll increased to 350. On 12 September, Dr. Amara Jambai, the Director of Disease Surveillance and Control in the Ministry of Health and Sanitation, reported that cholera infection in Sierra Leone dropped as a result of the activities of the government and other organizations.

For the period of January to mid-August 2012, more than 11,600 cholera cases were officially recorded by the Ministry of Health and Sanitation in Sierra Leone. By 30 August, reported cases increased to 13,934 according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reported that ten of Sierra Leone's thirteen districts were affected. The outbreak occurred primarily in eight districts until August 2012: Port Loko, Kambia, Tonkolili, Bo, Moyamba, Bombali, Pujehun and the Western Area. However, twelve districts became affected by the outbreak by September 2012.

Of these districts, the one most affected is the Western Area, which includes the capital, Freetown. This area witnessed 4,965 cases and 63 deaths from 1 January to mid-August 2012. The number of cases and deaths for Port Loko during the same period is 2,806 and 45, respectively. There were 1,134 reported cases and 28 deaths in the Kambala district. In Moyamba district nearly 20 people died from the cholera outbreak from 25 July to November 2012. At the beginning of August, the disease began to ravage the Kenema district. The Ministry of Health and Sanitation reported that the disease is spreading more rapidly in cities than in isolated areas with poor sanitation.

On 24 September, OCHA issued a report, indicating that in the period between late August and 16 September, new cholera cases per week decreased from 2,110 to 1,418 in Sierra Leone and from 1,152 to 346 in Guinea. According to the data of the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization, nearly 841 new cases were reported in at the beginning of October 2012. It was 433 in the second week of October.

## State of emergency

On 17 August 2012, Sierra Leonean President Ernest Bai Koroma announced that the outbreak was a national public health crisis. At this time the cholera outbreak had a mortality rate of 1.8% in the country, nearly double the threshold for a state of emergency. By the end of August 2012, approximately 13,300 people were infected by cholera; humanitarian officials confirmed that 217 had already died by 23 August. The Sierra Leonean government and WHO predict that 32,000 people will be infected in September due to the rainy season.

## International responses

In late August 2012, Amanda McClelland, the Emergency Health Coordinator of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, said that the outbreak "has the potential to cause a serious humanitarian crisis" and called for "more funds to deliver the most effective response".

The British government announced that it allocated million for an emergency plan to counter the cholera outbreak in Sierra Leone. Additionally, the Rapid Response Facility (RRF) established in March 2012 and activated by the British government is expected to assist Sierra Leone in coping with the epidemic. The facility is a network consisting of private businesses and specialist aid organisations that provide rapid emergency medical, water and sanitation assistance to affected people in the country.

In addition, Doctors Without Borders, in cooperation with the Ministry of Health and Sanitation, runs three cholera treatment units in Freetown, where more than 500 patients have been treated. The organisation has treated approximately 4,600 patients in Sierra Leone and Guinea since February. The group has begun to establish other cholera treatment centres at 34 Military Hospital in the west of Freetown, expanding the total number of beds from 90 to 200. The group is also collaborating with the Ministry of Health and Sanitation to inform the public of how to avoid contracting the disease. Among the other groups helping victims are Action Firm (AF) and the Sierra Leone Red Cross Society. AF provided free medical care for victims while about 400 volunteers of the Sierra Leone Red Cross helped out on sanitation awareness campaigns. Oxfam, a charity group based in the United Kingdom, is another group that provides nearly 67,000 people in Freetown with emergency water chlorination. Oxfam also plans to assist up to 500,000 people with cholera prevention kits, water purification kits and public information campaigns on how to prevent the disease. The Isle of Man donated to assist the activities in the country through Oxfam. The other British groups mobilised include Save the Children, International Rescue Committee, Concern, Care International and the British Red Cross. The Finnish Red Cross sent medication and doctors to the country on 24 and 25 August. World Vision is also working with the government to prevent the disease from spreading through various activities, including the collection of the garbage pills. An International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh team began its activities in coordination with the WHO in the country on 6 September 2012.

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies launched an emergency appeal for million in August, explaining that the number of cases of cholera was rising, along with the number of fatal cases. Tiina Saarikoski of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Society reported on 30 August that the Bombali, Tonkolili, Port Loko and Kambia districts have been targeted to effectively deal with the epidemic. The IFRC has funded health promotion activities and assistance to affected families, including the preparation of oral rehydration solutions and construction of suitable toilets, but the organisation has stated that the level of aid coverage remains "very low."

Oral cholera vaccines have the potential to shorten cholera outbreaks, and hence reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with outbreaks have not been deployed in Sierra Leone. The large international institutions IFRC as well WHO have shied away from large mass vaccination campaigns despite the fact that oral cholera vaccines have been successfully used earlier in 2012 by MSF in Guinea Bissau and by Partners in Health in Haiti.

## InfoBox

2012 Sierra Leonean cholera outbreak
| Date | February 2012 (2012-02)-present |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Sierra Leone and Guinea |
| Casualties | |
| Reported deaths: 392 | |
| Reported cases: 25,000+ | |


title: Audience risers

abstract: Audience risers are elevated platforms for people. The origin of the audience riser can be dated back to original amphitheaters.

text:
# Audience risers

**Audience risers** are elevated platforms for people. The origin of the audience riser can be dated back to original amphitheaters.

## Differences from Bleachers

Audience risers are different from bleachers in that the seats for bleachers are integrated into the structure itself; audience risers are primarily platforms first, to which a variety of chairs, tables, cameras, spot lights, etc. may be used on. While bleachers provide fixed aisle ways and may not provide a solid floor, audience risers are designed so that each level presents a flat, unbroken surface.

## Configurations

Audience risers may be configured to hold convention seating, theater seating, classroom table seating or dinner table seating. Although primarily rectangular in overall shape, audience risers may include angled or curved sections as space allows.

## Construction

Audience risers may be temporary (purpose-built) or a permanent part of a facility. Audience risers are primarily constructed using stage decks, although construction with lumber & framing is not uncommon.

## Usage

Audience risers are widely used in the Corporate Events industry to provide elevated seating for attendees. The most common venues for audience risers are convention centers, resorts, and other business travel destinations.


abstract: The men's 200 metres event at the 2023 African Games was held on 21 and 22 March 2024 in Accra, Ghana.

text:
# Athletics at the 2023 African Games – Men's 200 metres

The **men's 200 metres** event at the 2023 African Games was held on 21 and 22 March 2024 in Accra, Ghana.

## Medalists

| **Gold** | **Silver** | **Bronze** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Joseph Amoah
Ghana | Claude Itoungue Bongogne
Cameroon | Consider Ekanem
Nigeria |

## Results

### Heats

Held on 21 March
Qualification: First 2 in each heat (Q) and the next 6 fastest (q) advanced to the semifinals.

Wind:
Heat 1: -1.3 m/s, Heat 2: -1.1 m/s, Heat 3: -0.8 m/s, Heat 4: -1.2 m/s, Heat 5: -2.0 m/s
Heat 6: -1.1 m/s, Heat 7: -1.9 m/s, Heat 8: -2.7 m/s, Heat 9: -1.7 m/s

| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Sibusiso Matsenjwa | Eswatini | 20.80 | Q |
| 2 | 6 | Joseph Amoah | Ghana | 20.91 | Q |
| 3 | 4 | Consider Ekanem | Nigeria | 20.94 | Q |
| 4 | 6 | Marcos Santos | Angola | 20.96 | Q, NR |
| 5 | 5 | Claude Itoungue Bongogne | Cameroon | 20.97 | Q |
| 6 | 4 | Kakene Sitali | Zambia | 21.00 | q |
| 7 | 2 | Noah Bibi | Mauritius | 21.02 | Q |
| 8 | 7 | Ibrahim Fuseini | Ghana | 21.02 | Q |
| 9 | 7 | Alaba Akintola | Nigeria | 21.08 | Q |
| 10 | 1 | Raphael Ngaguele Mberlina | Cameroon | 21.13 | Q |
| 11 | 5 | Guy Maganga Gorra | Gabon | 21.13 | Q |
| 12 | 5 | Elvis Gaseb | Namibia | 21.14 | q |
| 13 | 1 | Dominique Lasconi Mulamba | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 21.14 | Q |
| 14 | 3 | Samuel Waweru | Kenya | 21.14 | Q |
| 15 | 9 | Ngoni Makusha | Zimbabwe | 21.20 | Q |
| 16 | 4 | Adama Jammeh | The Gambia | 21.28 | q |
| 17 | 4 | Jason Mandoze | Botswana | 21.29 | q |
| 18 | 2 | Kevin Lobatlamang | Botswana | 21.29 | Q |
| 19 | 9 | Solomon Hammond | Ghana | 21.32 | Q |
| 20 | 8 | Gilbert Hainuca | Namibia | 21.36 | Q |
| 21 | 1 | Fodé Sissoko | Mali | 21.40 | q |
| 22 | 6 | Hesbon Ochieng | Kenya | 21.40 | q |
| 23 | 3 | Stern Noel Liffa | Malawi | 21.45 | Q |
| 24 | 2 | Kebba Makalo | The Gambia | 21.47 |  |
| 25 | 8 | Sharry Dodin | Seychelles | 21.51 | Q |
| 26 | 1 | Frank Hoye Moukoula Wissy | Gabon | 21.55 |  |
| 27 | 3 | Jerome Kounou | Benin | 21.67 |  |
| 28 | 3 | Allan Ngobi | Uganda | 21.67 |  |
| 29 | 3 | Patrice Esele Sasa | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 21.74 |  |
| 30 | 6 | Ali Khamis Gulam | Tanzania | 21.78 |  |
| 31 | 5 | Gnamien Nehemie N'goran | Ivory Coast | 21.79 |  |
| 32 | 2 | Edson Deve | Mozambique | 21.82 |  |
| 33 | 9 | Denzel Adem | Seychelles | 21.83 |  |
| 34 | 1 | Joshan Vencatasamy | Mauritius | 21.84 |  |
| 35 | 8 | Yapo Jacky Adzeu | Ivory Coast | 21.87 |  |
| 36 | 7 | Roméo Manzila Mahambou | Republic of the Congo | 21.88 |  |
| 37 | 9 | Lawrence Feidel | Sierra Leone | 21.88 |  |
| 38 | 4 | Emmanuel Aboda | Uganda | 21.94 |  |
| 39 | 5 | Amara Conte | Guinea | 21.96 |  |
| 40 | 8 | Dan Kiviasi Asamba | Kenya | 22.01 |  |
| 41 | 8 | Kossi Médard Nayo | Togo | 22.02 |  |
| 42 | 6 | Hatago Murere | Namibia | 22.03 |  |
| 43 | 8 | Benson Okot | Uganda | 22.03 |  |
| 44 | 6 | Jacques Mboko Niamba | Republic of the Congo | 22.18 |  |
| 45 | 4 | Gasisi Gegasa | Tanzania | 22.20 |  |
| 46 | 2 | Arthur Quaqua | Liberia | 22.23 |  |
| 47 | 7 | Melkamu Assefa | Ethiopia | 22.24 |  |
| 48 | 9 | Yohannes Kiflemariam | Eritrea | 22.36 |  |
| 49 | 1 | Adem Musa | Ethiopia | 22.45 |  |
| 50 | 9 | Mintesnot Wachso | Ethiopia | 22.53 |  |
| 51 | 6 | Esmael Freitas | São Tomé and Príncipe | 22.57 |  |
| 52 | 7 | Derek Kargbo | Sierra Leone | 22.66 |  |
| 53 | 2 | Mulumba Kanyinda | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 22.85 |  |
| 54 | 5 | Abu Bakarr Sesay | Sierra Leone | 22.90 |  |
| 55 | 3 | Vanderley Panzo | Equatorial Guinea | 22.93 |  |
| 56 | 4 | Arão Adão Simão | Angola | 22.97 |  |
| 57 | 2 | Tamba Djuma | Guinea-Bissau | 23.00 |  |
|  | 1 | Jobe Sengan | The Gambia | DNS |  |
|  | 3 | Gilles Anthony Afoumba | Republic of the Congo | DNS |  |
|  | 3 | Israel Okon Sunday | Nigeria | DNS |  |
|  | 5 | Justice Chivwamba | Zambia | DNS |  |
|  | 6 | Malambo Chongo | Zambia | DNS |  |
|  | 7 | Chakir Machmour | Morocco | DNS |  |
|  | 7 | Dickson Kamungeremu | Zimbabwe | DNS |  |
|  | 8 | Natnael Gebregzabher | Eritrea | DNS |  |
|  | 9 | Jean Mark Allokoua | Ivory Coast | DNS |  |

### Semifinals

Held on 21 March
Qualification: First 2 in each semifinal (Q) and the next 2 fastest (q) advanced to the final.

Wind:
Heat 1: -1.7 m/s, Heat 2: -2.2 m/s, Heat 3: -0.9 m/s

| Rank | Heat | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | Claude Itoungue Bongogne | Cameroon | 20.82 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | Consider Ekanem | Nigeria | 20.92 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Joseph Amoah | Ghana | 20.93 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | Alaba Akintola | Nigeria | 21.00 | Q |
| 5 | 1 | Adama Jammeh | The Gambia | 21.02 | q |
| 6 | 3 | Samuel Waweru | Kenya | 21.02 | Q |
| 7 | 2 | Ibrahim Fuseini | Ghana | 21.03 | Q |
| 8 | 3 | Sibusiso Matsenjwa | Eswatini | 21.04 | q |
| 9 | 1 | Gilbert Hainuca | Namibia | 21.05 |  |
| 10 | 1 | Solomon Hammond | Ghana | 21.06 |  |
| 11 | 3 | Guy Maganga Gorra | Gabon | 21.10 |  |
| 12 | 1 | Noah Bibi | Mauritius | 21.12 |  |
| 13 | 2 | Elvis Gaseb | Namibia | 21.16 |  |
| 14 | 3 | Kakene Sitali | Zambia | 21.18 |  |
| 15 | 1 | Jason Mandoze | Botswana | 21.24 |  |
| 16 | 2 | Ngoni Makusha | Zimbabwe | 21.25 |  |
| 17 | 2 | Marcos Santos | Angola | 21.26 |  |
| 18 | 2 | Dominique Lasconi Mulamba | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 21.29 |  |
| 19 | 2 | Fodé Sissoko | Mali | 21.36 |  |
| 20 | 1 | Kevin Lobatlamang | Botswana | 21.37 |  |
| 21 | 3 | Raphael Ngaguele Mberlina | Cameroon | 21.52 |  |
| 22 | 3 | Hesbon Ochieng | Kenya | 21.55 |  |
| 23 | 3 | Sharry Dodin | Seychelles | 21.64 |  |
| 24 | 2 | Stern Noel Liffa | Malawi | 21.64 |  |

### Final

Held on 22 March
Wind: -2.8 m/s

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 6 | Joseph Amoah | Ghana | 20.70 |  |
|  | 5 | Claude Itoungue Bongogne | Cameroon | 20.74 |  |
|  | 4 | Consider Ekanem | Nigeria | 20.80 |  |
| 4 | 2 | Ibrahim Fuseini | Ghana | 20.85 |  |
| 5 | 1 | Sibusiso Matsenjwa | Eswatini | 21.12 |  |
| 6 | 3 | Alaba Akintola | Nigeria | 21.12 |  |
| 7 | 8 | Adama Jammeh | The Gambia | 21.14 |  |
| 8 | 7 | Samuel Waweru | Kenya | 21.35 |  |


title: 619 BC

abstract: The year 619 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as year 135 Ab urbe condita. The denomination 619 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

text:
# 619 BC

619 BC in various calendars
| Gregorian calendar | 619 BC
*DCXIX BC* |
| --- | --- |
| Ab urbe condita | 135 |
| Ancient Egypt era | XXVI dynasty, 46 |
| *\- Pharaoh* | Psamtik I, 46 |
| Ancient Greek era | 40th Olympiad, year 2 |
| Assyrian calendar | 4132 |
| Balinese saka calendar | *N/A* |
| Bengali calendar | −1211 |
| Berber calendar | 332 |
| Buddhist calendar | −74 |
| Burmese calendar | −1256 |
| Byzantine calendar | 4890–4891 |
| Chinese calendar | 辛丑年 (Metal Ox)
2079 or 1872
*to*
壬寅年 (Water Tiger)
2080 or 1873 |
| Coptic calendar | −902 – −901 |
| Discordian calendar | 548 |
| Ethiopian calendar | −626 – −625 |
| Hebrew calendar | 3142–3143 |
| Hindu calendars |  |
| \- *Vikram Samvat* | −562 – −561 |
| \- *Shaka Samvat* | *N/A* |
| \- *Kali Yuga* | 2482–2483 |
| Holocene calendar | 9382 |
| Iranian calendar | 1240 BP – 1239 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 1278 BH – 1277 BH |
| Javanese calendar | *N/A* |
| Julian calendar | *N/A* |
| Korean calendar | 1715 |
| Minguo calendar | 2530 before ROC
民前2530年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −2086 |
| Thai solar calendar | −76 – −75 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴金牛年
(female Iron-Ox)
−492 or −873 or −1645
*to*
阳水虎年
(male Water-Tiger)
−491 or −872 or −1644 |

The year **619 BC** was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as **year 135 *Ab urbe condita*** . The denomination 619 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events

## Births

## Deaths

## InfoBox

| Millennium: | 1st millennium BC |
| --- | --- |
| Centuries: |  |
| Decades: |  |
| Years: |  |


title: 2008 Toulon Tournament

abstract: The 2008 Toulon Tournament was the 36th edition of the Toulon Tournament, and was held from 20 May to 29 May 2008. Tournament finished with the final between Italy and Chile at Stade Mayol in Toulon as Italy had the title after the final score of 1–0, scored by Pablo Osvaldo in the 70th minute.

text:
# 2008 Toulon Tournament

The **2008 Toulon Tournament** was the 36th edition of the Toulon Tournament, and was held from 20 May to 29 May 2008. Tournament finished with the final between Italy and Chile at Stade Mayol in Toulon as Italy had the title after the final score of 10, scored by Pablo Osvaldo in the 70th minute.

## Participant teams

## Venues

The matches were held in these communes:

## Squads

## Results

### Group A

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Chile | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 3 | +6 | 9 | Advance to Semi-final |
| Japan | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | | 6 |
| Netherlands | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 |  |
| France | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 4 | | 0 |

Source:

#### Match summaries

All times local (UTC+2)

| Japan | 1–0 | Netherlands |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Lee  64' | report |  |

Toulon

---

| France | 3–5 | Chile |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bonnet  19'
Quercia  23'
Pentecôte  47' | report | Fuenzalida  33'
Martínez  54'
Louvion  80' (o.g.)
Lorca  89'
Sagredo  90' |

Toulon

---

| France | 1–2 | Japan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Quercia  71' | report | Umesaki  17'
Morimoto  60' |

Hyères

---

| Netherlands | 0–2 | Chile |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | report | Fuenzalida  19'
Orellana  84' (pen.) |

Hyères

---

| France | 0–1 | Netherlands |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | report | Kivuvu  53' |

Saint Cyr

---

| Chile | 2–0 | Japan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Carmona  75'
Morales  90+2' | report |  |

Solliès-Pont

### Group B

#### Table

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Italy | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 | +5 | 9 | Advance to Semi-final |
| Ivory Coast | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2 | +3 | | 6 |
| Turkey | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 3 |  |
| United States | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 4 | | 0 |

Source:

#### Match summaries

All times local (UTC+2)

| Turkey | 3–2 | United States |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Güngör  19'
Şahin  35'
Parlak  59' | Report | Brunner  58'
Ochoa  72' |

Toulon

---

| Ivory Coast | 0–2 | Italy |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Giovinco  65', 73' |

Toulon

---

| Ivory Coast | 1–0 | United States |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Djapka  70' (pen.) | Report |  |

La Seyne

---

| Italy | 2–1 | Turkey |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Lanzafame  32'
Marchisio  89' | Report | Yılmaz  50' |

La Seyne

---

| Italy | 2–0 | United States |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Abate  31'
Dessena  36' | Report |  |

La Valette

---

| Ivory Coast | 4–0 | Turkey |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cissé  43', 45+2', 86'
Moura  75' | Report |  |

Aubagne

### Semi-finals

| Chile | 2–1 | Ivory Coast |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Morales  5'
Orellana  60' | Report | Djapka  40' |

Toulon

---

| Italy | 0–0 (a.e.t.) | Japan |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |
| Penalties | | |
| Bocchetti
Abate
Cigarini
Candreva
Giovinco | 5–4 | K. Honda
Kajiyama
Morishige
Mizuno
Mizumoto |

Toulon

### Third-place playoff

| Ivory Coast | 2–2 (a.e.t.) | Japan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Fofana  31'
Cissé  90+4' | Report | Escudero  72'
Morishige  82' |
| Penalties | | |
| Djapka
Fofana
Kone
Anthony
Cissé | 4–3 | Honda
Morishige
Morimoto
Lee
Mizumoto |

Toulon

### Final

| Chile | 0–1 | Italy |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Osvaldo  70' |

Toulon

| 2008 Toulon Tournament |
| --- |
| **
Italy
First title** |

## Goal scorers

4 goals 2 goals   1 goal   Own goal

## Individual awards

## Referees

Selected referees according to official website:

## InfoBox

2008 Toulon Tournament
| Toulon Youth Festival | |
| --- | --- |
| Tournament details | |
| Host country | France |
| Dates | 20–29 May |
| Teams | 8 (from 5 confederations) |
| Venue(s) | 7 (in 1 host city) |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Italy (1st title) |
| Runners-up | Chile |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 16 |
| Goals scored | 42 (2.63 per match) |
| Top scorer(s) | Sekou Cissé (4 goals) |
| Best player(s) | Sebastian Giovinco |


title: Bangladeshis in India

abstract: Bangladeshis in India are members of the Bangladesh diaspora who currently reside in India. The mass migration into India since Bangladesh independence has led to the creation of anti-foreigner movements, instances of mass violence and political tension between Bangladesh and India, but it has also created measurable economic benefits for both nations. Estimates of the number of Bangladeshis in India vary widely. According to the 2001 Census of India, there were in India 3.1 million Bangladeshis based on place of last residence, and 3.7 million Bangladeshis based on place of birth. A different 2009 estimate claimed that there were 15 million Bangladeshis who had taken residence in the country. In 2007 the Indian government stated that there were up to 30,000 Bangladeshis living in India illegally, though Samir Guha Roy of the Indian Statistical Institute called these estimates "motivatedly exaggerated". After examining the population growth and demographic statistics, Roy instead states that many of the presumed illegal Bangladeshis are actually Indian citizens migrating from neighbouring states.

text:
# Bangladeshis in India

**Bangladeshis in India** are members of the Bangladesh diaspora who currently reside in India. The mass migration into India since Bangladesh independence has led to the creation of anti-foreigner movements, instances of mass violence and political tension between Bangladesh and India, but it has also created measurable economic benefits for both nations.

Estimates of the number of Bangladeshis in India vary widely. According to the 2001 Census of India, there were in India 3.1 million Bangladeshis based on place of last residence, and 3.7 million Bangladeshis based on place of birth. A different 2009 estimate claimed that there were 15 million Bangladeshis who had taken residence in the country. In 2007 the Indian government stated that there were up to 30,000 Bangladeshis living in India illegally, though Samir Guha Roy of the Indian Statistical Institute called these estimates "motivatedly exaggerated". After examining the population growth and demographic statistics, Roy instead states that many of the presumed illegal Bangladeshis are actually Indian citizens migrating from neighbouring states.

## Pre partition – 1970s

Before the Partition of India internal migration was commonplace between the region which is now Bangladesh and the regions of Assam and West Bengal. While under colonial rule Assam was sparsely populated and the British, who wanted to exploit the resources from the region, wished to see it settled. Through internal migration labour was brought from the northern regions of India, West Bengal and the region which now comprises Bangladesh.

During the Bangladesh liberation war it is estimated that up to 10 million people fled from East Pakistan to India so as to escape the genocidal actions being carried out by the West Pakistan armed forces. There were outbreaks of cholera throughout the refugee camps, the World Health Organization estimated 51,000 cases and it is estimated that 3000 people died from the disease.

## Anti-immigrant reaction

In 1978, observers noticed the names of an estimated 45,000 Bengali illegal immigrants on the electoral rolls in Assam. This led to a popular movement against undocumented immigrants known as the Assam Movement, which insisted on striking the names of illegal immigrants from the electoral register and advocated for their deportation from the state. The movement demanded that anyone who had entered the state illegally since 1951 be deported, though the central government insisted on a cutoff date of 1971. There was widespread support for the movement, though it tapered off between 1981 and 1982.

Toward the end of 1982 the central government called elections, and the Assam Movement called for people to boycott them. This resulted in the 1983 Nellie massacre, described by Antara Datta, as one of the largest and most severe pogroms since the Second World War. Previously, the All Assam Students Union (AASU) had emphasised economic reasons for the protests and had employed only nonviolent methods. The Nellie massacre, a result of a buildup of resentment over immigration, claimed the lives of at least 2,191 people, though unofficial figures run to more than 5,000. No investigation of the incident has ever been launched. The AASU denied any involvement in the massacre, and since then there have been no instances of communal violence in Upper Assam.

## Estimates of Bangladeshis in India

Samir Guha Roy of the Indian Statistical Institute called the government estimates of illegal Bangladeshis "motivatedly exaggerated". After examining the population growth and demographic statistics, Roy instead states that a significant numbers of internal migration is sometimes falsely thought to be illegal immigrants. An analysis of the numbers by Roy revealed that on average around 91000 Bangladeshi nationals might have crossed over to India every year during the years 1981–1991, but how many of them were identified and pushed back is not known. It is possible that a large portion of these immigrants returned on their own to their place of origin.

Most of the Bengali speaking people deported from Maharashtra as illegal immigrants are originally Indian citizens from West Bengal. In Assam, Muslims are usually targeted by the protesters, being branded as illegal immigrants, "though many have lived in the region for generations". There were also reports of harassment of Muslims in the *char* areas by policemen despite submitting proof of citizenship.

In 2004, Sriprakash Jaiswal, India's minister of state for home affairs, stated in the Indian parliament that, there were 12 million illegal Bangladeshis in the country, of whom 5 million were in Assam, as of 31 December 2001. However, according to Prateek Hajela, the NRC's coordinator in Assam, the number of identified illegal immigrants in the state were "in thousands" after covering a third of the total population in 2016. According to Prodyut Bora, a former Bharatiya Janata Party leader, "Bangladeshis would have very little, if any motivation to migrate to Assam, since all indicators of development in Bangladesh are better than Assam."

As per the insights shared by Dhaka University's esteemed Professor, Dr. Abul Barkat, as reported by the *Dhaka Tribune*, approximately 2.3 lakh Hindus migrate from Bangladesh to India every year seeking refugee.

## InfoBox

Bangladeshis in India
भारत में बांग्लादेशी
| Total population | |
| --- | --- |
| Unknown | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
|  | |
| Languages | |
| Bengali | |
| Religion | |
| Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Bangladeshi diaspora | |


abstract: The men's foil was a competition in fencing at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. A total of 36 men from 20 nations competed in this event. Nations had been limited to three fencers each since 1928. Competition took place in the Fencing Hall at the Helliniko Olympic Complex on August 16. The event was won by Brice Guyart of France, the nation's ninth victory in the men's foil. Italy took the other two medals, with Salvatore Sanzo earning silver and Andrea Cassarà winning the bronze medal match.

text:
# Fencing at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's foil

The men's foil was a competition in **fencing at the 2004 Summer Olympics** in Athens. A total of 36 men from 20 nations competed in this event. Nations had been limited to three fencers each since 1928. Competition took place in the Fencing Hall at the Helliniko Olympic Complex on August 16. The event was won by Brice Guyart of France, the nation's ninth victory in the men's foil (surpassing Italy for most all-time). Italy took the other two medals, with Salvatore Sanzo earning silver and Andrea Cassarà winning the bronze medal match.

## Background

This was the 24th appearance of the event, which has been held at every Summer Olympics except 1908 (when there was a foil display only rather than a medal event). Two of the eight quarterfinalists from 2000 returned: silver medalist Ralf Bißdorf of Germany and fifth-place finisher Salvatore Sanzo of Italy. Sanzo had won the 2001 world championship, and his teammate Simone Vanni the 2002 title. The reigning (2003) world champion was Peter Joppich of Germany.

For the second consecutive Games, no nations made their debut in the men's foil. France and the United States each made their 22nd appearance, tied for most of any nation; France had missed only the 1904 (with fencers not traveling to St. Louis) and the 1912 (boycotted due to a dispute over rules) foil competitions, while the United States had missed the inaugural 1896 competition and boycotted the 1980 Games altogether.

## Competition format

The 1996 tournament had vastly simplified the competition format into a single-elimination bracket, with a bronze medal match. The 2004 tournament continued to use that format. Bouts were to 15 touches. Standard foil rules regarding target area, striking, and priority were used.

## Schedule

All times are Greece Standard Time (UTC+2)

| Date | Time | Round |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Monday, 16 August 2004 | **10:00**
**10:30**
**12:30**
**13:40**
**18:30**
**19:30**
 | **Preliminary round**
**Round of 32**
**Round of 16**
**Quarterfinals**
**Semifinals**
**Final**
**Bronze medal match** |

## Results

### Preliminary round

As there were more than 32 entrants in this event, four first round matches were held to reduce the field to 32 fencers.

| **Tiomkin (USA)** | 15–10 | Ben Aziza (TUN) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **El Azizi (ALG)** | 15–14 | Dupree (USA) |
| **McGuire (CAN)** | 15–14 | Lau (HKG) |
| **Rodríguez (VEN)** | 15–7 | Anwar (EGY) |

### Main tournament bracket

The remaining field of 32 fencers competed in a single-elimination tournament to determine the medal winners. Semifinal losers proceeded to a bronze medal match.

|  | Round of 32 | | |  |  | Round of 16 | | |  |  | Quarterfinals | | |  |  | Semifinals | | |  |  | Gold medal final | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | **Guyart (FRA)** | | **15** |  |  | | | | |  | | | | |  | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | El Azizi (ALG) | | 3 |  |  | **Guyart (FRA)** | | **15** |  | || |
|  | **Attely (FRA)** | | **15** |  |  | Attelly (FRA) | | 4 |  | || |
|  | Schlosser (AUT) | | 14 |  |  |  | | |  |  | **Guyart (FRA)** | | **15** |  | ||
|  | **Joppich (GER)** | | **15** |  |  | |  |  | Joppich (GER) | | 12 |  || |
|  | Nagaty (EGY) | | 10 |  |  | **Joppich (GER)** | | **15** |  |  |  | | |  | ||
|  | **Choi (KOR)** | | **15** |  |  | Choi (KOR) | | 10 |  | | || | |
|  | Nasibulin (RUS) | | 12 |  |  | | | | | | |  | **Guyart (FRA)** | | | **15** |  ||
|  | **Cassarà (ITA)** | | **15** |  |  | | | | |  | |  |  | Cassarà (ITA) | | 14 |  ||
|  | Tiomkin (USA) | | 3 |  |  | **Cassarà (ITA)** | | **15** |  | | |  |  | | |  ||
|  | **Park (KOR)** | | **15** |  |  | Park (KOR) | | 13 |  | | || |
|  | Weßels (GER) | | 13 |  |  |  | | |  | | |  | **Cassarà (ITA)** | | | **15** |  ||
|  | **Kruse (GBR)** | | **15** |  |  | |  |  | Kruse (GBR) | | | | 8 | |  ||
|  | Wang (CHN) | | 11 |  |  | **Kruse (GBR)** | | **15** |  | | |  | | | | | ||
|  | **Kellner (USA)** | | **15** |  |  | Kellner (USA) | | 14 |  | | || |
|  | Gohy (BEL) | | 12 |  |  | | | | | | |  | **Guyart (FRA)** | | | **15** |  |
|  | **Sanzo (ITA)** | | **15** |  |  | | | | |  | | | | | |  |  |  | Sanzo (ITA) | | 13 |  |
|  | Rodríguez (VEN) | | 7 |  |  | **Sanzo (ITA)** | | **15** |  | | || |
|  | **Ha (KOR)** | | **15** |  |  | Ha (KOR) | | 6 |  | | || |
|  | Moltchan (RUS) | | 13 |  |  |  | | |  |  | | **Sanzo (ITA)** | | **15** | | |  |
|  | **Wu (CHN)** | | **15** |  |  | |  |  | Wu (CHN) | | | 10 |  || |
|  | Bartolillo (AUS) | | 8 |  |  | **Wu (CHN)** | | **15** |  |  | |  | | | | |  |
|  | **Tahoun (EGY)** | | **15** |  |  | Tahoun (EGY) | | 8 |  | | || | |
|  | Gomes (POR) | | 14 |  |  | | | | | | |  | **Sanzo (ITA)** | | | **15** |  |
|  | **Ganeev (RUS)** | | **15** |  |  | | | | |  | |  |  | Ganeev (RUS) | | 12 |  |
|  | Bißdorf (GER) | | 11 |  |  | **Ganeev (RUS)** | | **15** |  | | |  | | | | |  | Bronze medal final | | |
|  | **Ota (JPN)** | | **15** |  |  | Ota (JPN) | | 8 |  | | |
|  | Chumacero (MEX) | | 9 |  |  |  | | |  | |  | **Ganeev (RUS)** | | **15** |  |  | **Cassarà (ITA)** | | **15** |
|  | **Vanni (ITA)** | | **15** |  |  | |  |  | Vanni (ITA) | | | 14 |  |  | Ganeev (RUS) | | 12 |
|  | McGuire (CAN) | | 12 |  |  | **Vanni (ITA)** | | **15** |  | |  | | | | |
|  | **Le Péchoux (FRA)** | | **15** |  |  | Le Péchoux (FRA) | | 8 |  | |
|  | Dong (CHN) | | 9 |  |  | | | | | |

## Final classification

| Rank | Fencer | Nation |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Brice Guyart | France |
|  | Salvatore Sanzo | Italy |
|  | Andrea Cassarà | Italy |
| 4 | Renal Ganeyev | Russia |
| 5 | Simone Vanni | Italy |
| 6 | Peter Joppich | Germany |
| 7 | Wu Hanxiong | China |
| 8 | Richard Kruse | Great Britain |
| 9 | Yuki Ota | Japan |
| 10 | Ha Chang-Deok | South Korea |
| 11 | Park Hui-Gyeong | South Korea |
| 12 | Loïc Attely | France |
| 13 | Erwann Le Péchoux | France |
| 14 | Choi Byeong-Cheol | South Korea |
| 15 | Tamer Mohamed Tahoun | Egypt |
| 16 | Dan Kellner | United States |
| 17 | Ralf Bißdorf | Germany |
| 18 | Cédric Gohy | Belgium |
| 19 | Wang Haibin | China |
| 20 | João Gomes | Portugal |
| 21 | Ruslan Nasibulin | Russia |
| 22 | Dong Zhaozhi | China |
| 23 | Roland Schlosser | Austria |
| 24 | André Weßels | Germany |
| 25 | Yury Molchan | Russia |
| 26 | Edgar Chumacero | Mexico |
| 27 | Frank Bartolillo | Australia |
| 28 | Mostafa Nagaty | Egypt |
| 29 | Josh McGuire | Canada |
| 30 | Jon Tiomkin | United States |
| 31 | Carlos Rodríguez | Venezuela |
| 32 | Sofiane El-Azizi | Algeria |
| 33 | Jed Dupree | United States |
| 34 | Mostafa Anwar | Egypt |
| 35 | Maher Ben Aziza | Tunisia |
| 36 | Lau Kwok Kin | Hong Kong |

## InfoBox

| Men's foil
at the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Brice Guyart (2012) | |
| Venue | Helliniko Olympic Complex |
| Date | August 16 |
| Competitors | 36 from 20 nations |
| Medalists | |
| Brice Guyart  France  Salvatore Sanzo  Italy  Andrea Cassarà  Italy | |
|