title: 1908–09 Brentford F.C. season

text:
# 1908–09 Brentford F.C. season

During the 1908–09 English football season, Brentford competed in the Southern League First Division. A disastrous season ended with a bottom-place finish, but the club was spared relegation after the First Division was expanded in June 1909.

## Season summary

After encountering severe financial problems during the 1907–08 season, the Brentford committee was forced to dispense with the majority of the first team squad in May 1908, due to many of the players being unwilling to accept lower wages for the 1908–09 season. Top-scorer Adam Bowman had been sold in April and he was followed out of Griffin Park by Tosher Underwood, Jock Watson, Jock Hamilton, Tom McAllister, George Parsonage, Fred Corbett, Jimmy Tomlinson, Andy Clark, John Montgomery, Vince Hayes and Patsy Hendren, while Oakey Field (who had returned in November 1907), Charlie Williams and Jimmy Jay elected to retire. Fred Halliday was appointed Brentford manager on 24 June and began assembling an almost entirely new squad, which eventually reduced the wage bill by 20%, to £2,565 across the entire season (equivalent to £337,700 in 2024).

Brentford endured a forgettable Southern League First Division season, matching the 33 points won during the previous season, but instead finishing five places lower at the bottom of the table. The return of Jimmy Jay in October helped solidify the back lines, which up to that point were leaking goals. Forward Alex McCulloch, signed during the 1908 off-season, caught the eye of manager Halliday's former club Bradford Park Avenue and departed for a £350 fee in November, with Geordie Reid arriving at Griffin Park in part-exchange. Reid would top-score for the Bees during the season with 18 goals. There was some cheer late in the season, with the Bees winning the Southern Professional Charity Cup.

Brentford's bottom-place finish was initially no cause for concern, with plans afoot for 16 Southern League clubs, plus another two from a list of six (which included Brentford), to form a Third Division of the Football League. The chance fell through when the Football League First and Second Division clubs voted against the formation of a Third Division, but Brentford were saved from relegation when the Southern League opted to expand to 22 clubs in June 1909, with Croydon Common being promoted from the Second Division and thus preserving Brentford's First Division status.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GR | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17 | West Ham United | 40 | 16 | 4 | 20 | 56 | 60 | 0.933 | 36 |
| 18 | Brighton & Hove Albion | 40 | 14 | 7 | 19 | 60 | 61 | 0.984 | 35 |
| 19 | Norwich City | 40 | 12 | 11 | 17 | 59 | 75 | 0.787 | 35 |
| 20 | Coventry City | 40 | 15 | 4 | 21 | 64 | 91 | 0.703 | 34 |
| 21 | Brentford | 40 | 13 | 7 | 20 | 59 | 74 | 0.797 | 33 |

Source:
Rules for classification: The system of using goal average to separate two teams tied on points was used until the 1976-77 season. The points system: 2 points for a win, 1 point for a draw and 0 points for losing.

## Results

*Brentford's goal tally listed first.*

### Legend

| Win | Draw | Loss |
| --- | --- | --- |

### Southern League First Division

| No. | Date | Opponent | Venue | Result | Scorer(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2 September 1908 | Reading | A | 2–2 | Sugden (2) |
| 2 | 5 September 1908 | Southampton | H | 2–2 | McCulloch, Glen |
| 3 | 12 September 1908 | Leyton | A | 0–2 |  |
| 4 | 19 September 1908 | West Ham United | H | 1–0 | McCulloch |
| 5 | 26 September 1908 | Brighton & Hove Albion | A | 0–4 |  |
| 6 | 28 September 1908 | Queens Park Rangers | H | 0–0 |  |
| 7 | 3 October 1908 | Crystal Palace | H | 1–3 | Connelly |
| 8 | 10 October 1908 | Plymouth Argyle | A | 0–2 |  |
| 9 | 17 October 1908 | Luton Town | A | 1–3 | Ryalls |
| 10 | 24 October 1908 | Swindon Town | H | 1–0 | McCulloch |
| 11 | 31 October 1908 | Portsmouth | A | 3–2 | Glen, Connelly, Jay |
| 12 | 7 November 1908 | Queens Park Rangers | A | 0–3 |  |
| 13 | 14 November 1908 | Northampton Town | A | 2–3 | Reid, Glen |
| 14 | 16 November 1908 | Exeter City | H | 0–2 |  |
| 15 | 21 November 1908 | New Brompton | H | 1–1 | Connelly |
| 16 | 23 November 1908 | Southend United | H | 4–1 | Reid, Connelly (2), Sugden |
| 17 | 28 November 1908 | Millwall | A | 1–2 | Reid |
| 18 | 12 December 1908 | Coventry City | A | 2–1 | Buxton, Badger |
| 19 | 19 December 1908 | Bristol Rovers | H | 2–2 | Reid, Connelly |
| 20 | 25 December 1908 | Watford | H | 3–1 | Connelly, Sugden, Reid |
| 21 | 26 December 1908 | Norwich City | A | 1–6 | Buxton |
| 22 | 28 December 1908 | Reading | H | 2–3 | Buxton, Reid |
| 23 | 2 January 1909 | Southampton | A | 0–1 |  |
| 24 | 9 January 1909 | Leyton | H | 0–0 |  |
| 25 | 23 January 1909 | West Ham United | A | 0–3 |  |
| 26 | 30 January 1909 | Brighton & Hove Albion | H | 4–0 | Reid (4) |
| 27 | 13 February 1909 | Plymouth Argyle | H | 1–0 | Reid |
| 28 | 20 February 1909 | Luton Town | H | 2–2 | Reid, Sugden |
| 29 | 27 February 1909 | Swindon Town | A | 1–2 | McKenzie |
| 30 | 13 March 1909 | Exeter City | A | 2–1 | Reid, Sugden |
| 31 | 20 March 1909 | Northampton Town | H | 3–1 | Connelly (2), Ramsden (pen) |
| 32 | 27 March 1909 | New Brompton | A | 1–1 | Sugden |
| 33 | 29 March 1909 | Portsmouth | H | 1–2 | Reid |
| 34 | 31 March 1909 | Crystal Palace | A | 1–3 | Nicholson |
| 35 | 3 April 1909 | Millwall | H | 4–2 | McIver (2, 2 pen), Nicholson, Connelly |
| 36 | 9 April 1909 | Norwich City | H | 3–1 | Sugden, Connelly, Buxton |
| 37 | 10 April 1909 | Southend United | A | 0–1 |  |
| 38 | 12 April 1909 | Watford | A | 0–2 |  |
| 39 | 17 April 1909 | Coventry City | H | 5–2 | Reid (2), Nicholson, Sugden, Connelly |
| 40 | 24 April 1909 | Bristol Rovers | A | 2–3 | Reid (2) |

### FA Cup

| Round | Date | Opponent | Venue | Result | Scorer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1R | 16 January 1909 | Gainsborough Trinity | H | 2–0 | Richards (2) |
| 2R | 6 February 1909 | Nottingham Forest | A | 0–1 |  |

* Source: 100 Years of Brentford

## Playing squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  GK  ENG Willie McIver  DF  ENG Dave Ewing  DF  ENG Ernest Ramsden  DF  ENG Dusty Rhodes ()  MF  ENG Bert Badger  MF  SCO John Gordon  MF  ENG Joe Hisbent  MF  ENG Jimmy Jay  MF  ENG George Podmore  MF  ENG Phil Richards  FW  ENG Steve Buxton | No. Pos. Nation Player  FW  ENG Fred Connelly  FW  SCO Alex Glen  FW  SCO Gladstone Hamilton  FW  SCO William Jaffray  FW  SCO Ronald McKenzie  FW  ENG Arthur Nicholson  FW  SCO Geordie Reid  FW  ENG Joe Ryalls  FW  ENG Sidney Sugden  FW  ENG Lindsay Syrad |
| --- | --- |

### Left club during season

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  FW  SCO Alex McCulloch *(to Bradford Park Avenue)* |
| --- |

* Source: 100 Years of Brentford

## Coaching staff

| Name | Role |
| --- | --- |
| Fred Halliday | Secretary Manager |
| Tom Cowper | Trainer |

## Statistics

### Appearances

**McIver** **Rhodes (c)** **Ewing** **Jay** **Badger** **Richards** **Sugden** **Connelly** **Ryalls** **Buxton** **Reid** Brentford's highest appearance-makers in each position during the Southern League season.

### Goalscorers

| Pos. | Nat | Player | SL1 | FAC | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| FW |  | Geordie Reid | 18 | 0 | 18 |
| FW |  | Fred Connelly | 12 | 0 | 12 |
| FW |  | Sidney Sugden | 9 | 0 | 9 |
| FW |  | Steve Buxton | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| FW |  | Alex Glen | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| *FW* |  | *Alex McCulloch* | *3* | *0* | *3* |
| FW |  | Arthur Nicholson | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| GK |  | Willie McIver | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| HB |  | Phil Richards | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| HB |  | Bert Badger | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| HB |  | Jimmy Jay | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| FW |  | Ronald McKenzie | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| DF |  | Ernest Ramsden | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| FW |  | Joe Ryalls | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | | | 59 | 2 | 61 |

* Players listed in *italics* left the club mid-season.
* Source: 100 Years Of Brentford

### Management

| Name | Nat | From | To | Record All Comps | | | | | Record League | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | P | W | D | L | W % | P | W | D | L | W % |
| Fred Halliday |  | 2 September 1908 | 24 April 1909 | 42 | 14 | 7 | 21 | 033.33 | 40 | 13 | 7 | 20 | 032.50 |

### Summary

| Games played | 42 (40 Southern League First Division, 2 FA Cup) |
| --- | --- |
| Games won | 14 (13 Southern League First Division, 1 FA Cup) |
| Games drawn | 7 (7 Southern League First Division, 0 FA Cup) |
| Games lost | 21 (20 Southern League First Division, 1 FA Cup) |
| Goals scored | 61 (59 Southern League First Division, 2 FA Cup) |
| Goals conceded | 75 (74 Southern League First Division, 1 FA Cup) |
| Clean sheets | 7 (6 Southern League First Division, 1 FA Cup) |
| Biggest league win | 4–0 versus Brighton & Hove Albion, 30 January 1909 |
| Worst league defeat | 6–1 versus Norwich City, 26 December 1908 |
| Most appearances | 42, Willie McIver, Joe Ryalls (40 Southern League First Division, 2 FA Cup) |
| Top scorer (league) | 18, Geordie Reid |
| Top scorer (all competitions) | 18, Geordie Reid |

## InfoBox

Brentford
| 1908–09 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Chairman | Harry Blundell |
| Secretary Manager | Fred Halliday |
| Stadium | Griffin Park |
| Southern League First Division | 21st |
| FA Cup | Second round |
| Top goalscorer | League: Reid (18)<br>All: Reid (18) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Ancyluris meliboeus

abstract: Ancyluris meliboeus is a butterfly of the family Riodinidae. It is found in Suriname, Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia and Peru. The wingspan is about 40 mm.

text:
# Ancyluris meliboeus

***Ancyluris meliboeus*** (**meliboeus swordtail**) is a butterfly of the family Riodinidae. It is found in Suriname, Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia and Peru.

The wingspan is about 40 mm.

## Subspecies

* *Ancyluris meliboeus meliboeus* (Surinam, Brazil (Amazonas), Peru)
* *Ancyluris meliboeus euaemon* (Peru, Colombia, Bolivia)
* *Ancyluris meliboeus julia* (Brazil)

## InfoBox

| Meliboeus swordtail | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Riodinidae |
| Genus: | *Ancyluris* |
| Species: | ***A. meliboeus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ancyluris meliboeus***<br>(Fabricius, 1777) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Papilio meliboeus* Fabricius, 1777 * *Papilio pyretus* Cramer, \[1777\] * *Ancyluris pyrete* Hübner, \[1819\] * *Ancyluris meliboeus phonia* Stichel, 1909 * *Ancyluris eudaemon* Stichel, 1910 | |


title: 1995 in India

abstract: Events in the year 1995 in the Republic of India.

text:
# 1995 in India

Events in the year 1995 **in the Republic of India**.

## Incumbents

### Governors

## Events

### Dates unknown

* Hajj pilgrimage through sea routes from India stopped following the ageing of vessel *MV Akbari.*

## Law

## Births

## Deaths

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Centuries: |  |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: | List of years in India<br>Timeline of Indian history |


title: Albert Kurland

abstract: Albert Kurland was a psychiatrist and neuropsychopharmacologist at the Spring Grove State Hospital and the Maryland State Psychiatric Research Center. He was also affiliated with Johns Hopkins University as a research professor. He was a prolific researcher, conducting many studies on anti-psychotics, completing early research on the treatment of alcoholics using psychedelics, and making integral contributions to the research unit at the Spring Grove State Hospital.

text:
# Albert Kurland

**Albert Kurland** (June 29, 1914  December 7, 2008) was a psychiatrist and neuropsychopharmacologist at the Spring Grove State Hospital and the Maryland State Psychiatric Research Center. He was also affiliated with Johns Hopkins University as a research professor. He was a prolific researcher, conducting many studies on anti-psychotics, completing early research on the treatment of alcoholics using psychedelics, and making integral contributions to the research unit at the Spring Grove State Hospital.

## Early life

Kurland was born June 29, 1914, in Edwardsville, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania to parents who had emigrated from the border region of Poland and Belarus. He moved to Baltimore and lived with other relatives as a teenager, completing his diploma at City College Baltimore in 1932.

Kurland completed his medical degree at the University of Maryland Medical School in 1940 and afterwards served as an assistant battalion surgeon under General Patton in World War II. Under Patton, Kurland encountered gruesome physical and psychological suffering among soldiers. He received a Legion of Merit medal for his valor.

Kurland explained that his combat experiences motivated him to engage in neuropsychiatric medicine:

> Well, I saw in combat an awful lot of stress. I saw a lot of stress reactions. I saw troops killed by friendly fire, and then the troopers shoot themselves. I saw all kinds of dreadful things….\[So\] I'd like to go to a neuropsychiatric unit if possible to learn something about this situation, and maybe, I might be able to find ways and means of being helpful in this areas.

## Post-war developments

Kurland received neuropsychiatric training at Mason General Hospital and then received a Fellowship in Neuropsychiatric Research at Sinai Hospital in East Baltimore while also working part-time at the Veterans' Administration.

Following these positions, Kurland arrived at Spring Grove State Hospital in 1946. At this time the hospital had roughly 2,700 patients and 23 psychiatrists. The physician-patient ratio was not conducive one on one doctor:patient consultations, and this motivated Kurland to explore new methods of treatment. In his spare time and without funding from Spring Grove, he began to explore the use of Thorazine (chlorpromazine) in psychiatric experiments.

By the mid-1950s, Kurland's efforts were recognized by Charles Savage and Lou Cholden at the National Institute for Mental Health (NIMH).

With his research opportunities increasing, Kurland founded Friends of Psychiatric Research to coordinate additional funding for, and to simplify the administration of, his research. Soon afterwards he was promoted to Director of Research at Spring Grove in 1953. He also received increasing support from Gene Brody at the University of Maryland and Joel Elkes at Johns Hopkins University at about this time. With additional funding from the state of Maryland, Kurland and his colleagues launched the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. As he conducted his research, Kurland founded the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, of which he was the first director. The center was built with $1.5 million of funding from state of Maryland in 1967.

Ten years after his appointment to the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Kurland was appointed to Research Associate in Psychiatry at the University of Maryland Medical School, in January 1977. The Center continues to operate today with eight active research programs, including neuroscience, neuroimaging research, and the Maryland Brain Collection program. Kurland also served as a research professor at Johns Hopkins University.

Near the end of his career, Kurland suggested that developments in psychotropic drugs alone were not sufficient to help individuals grow to their full capacity:

> There's much to be done but I think it will be done in the future, because we know the limitations of the drugs we're using today. We treat a panic disorder, we treat alcoholism, we treat depression, and we ameliorate the symptoms, but what are we doing so far that is adding to the individual's capacity for development?

Kurland's concern for the "individual's capacity for development" can be placed alongside the description that Kurland, "never said an unkind word about anyone."

## Contributions to neuropsychopharmocology

Kurland published over 150 studies in the fields of psychiatry, in particular, neuropsychopharmacology. The figure shown at right presents the frequency of Kurland's published research by different treatment modalities.

### Research on LSD as a Treatment

With Cholden and Savage, Kurland published his first peer-reviewed research on psychedelics in 1955. Entitled "Clinical reactions and tolerance to LSD in chronic schizophrenia," the study sought to ascertain reactions to LSD among "chronic, regressed, schizophrenic patients" so that results could be compared to earlier research that described reactions of LSD among other subjects. This information was preliminary to the study's second aim, which was to examine the clinical and therapeutic potential of LSD. The research team also sought to replicate research conducted by Abram Hoffer and Humphrey Osmond who had done earlier LSD research in Canada beginning in 1952.

Kurland's work with Cholden and Savage predated their efforts in the subsequent Spring Grove experiment.

Unlike previous research on LSD, Kurland and his peers administered LSD intramuscularly, providing better control of dosing patients who often did not swallow oral doses completely. The team also took steps to allow patients to adjust to new research settings such that any reactions to LSD would be independent of reactions associated with environmental change.

Kurland and his colleagues found that reactions to LSD in the regressed schizophrenic subjects had at least three types: (1) covert reactions, in which no striking behavioral change was observed (e.g. patients became withdrawn), (2) intensified reactions, in which subjects presented increased agitation, anxiety or delusion and (3) reversed reactions, in which behaviors changed dramatically from what was typical (e.g. hostile patients became friendly).  This research also found that tolerance to LSD was not entirely psychological in nature because cross-tolerance with brom-lysergic acid was present while cross-tolerance with mescaline was negative. Finally, the team provided observations of how much time was required before larger doses of LSD were necessary to have the same impact as an initial dose.

Kurland's research at Spring Grove was not unique. According to Dyck's analysis, there were at least 100 articles on LSD by 1951, over 500 by the end of the 1950s, and ten years later there were more than 1000. However, Kurland and his team developed a research program that was the most ambitious and longstanding of its kind. According to one of Kurland's subsequent co-authors:

> The body of research that emerged from these 23 years of study \[at Spring Grove\] remains the largest, most sustained and systematic research into therapeutic use of psychedelic drugs and psychotherapy yet attempted.

Kurland's 1955 research on LSD paused until the 1960s when Sanford Unger arrived at Spring Grove. Unger was a psychologist from Hollywood Hospital in Vancouver, British Columbia. By 1963, Kurland was collaborating with Unger and Charles Savage in renewed research, examining the efficacy of LSD in treating alcoholics and subsequently cancer patients.

Kurland's continued research on LSD in the 1960s and 1970s was complicated by the "moral panic" the general population had about the drug as well as by increased regulations for medical research. Additionally, LSD research posed methodological complications in observing the drug's effects on treatment and control groups. While the standard in medical research was a double-blind study, the effects of LSD were obvious to investigators. For these reasons, LSD research waned by the late 1970s. Today, however, research on the efficacy of psychedelics continues.

### Research on antipsychotic compounds

Kurland published with various colleagues nearly 50 studies on antipsychotics, beginning with his study of chlorpromazine (Thorazine) in 1955. Chlorpromazine had been shown to have useful applications by French psychiatrists Jean Delay and Pierre Deniker, and then in Canada under research directed by Heinz Lehmann. Kurland's first chlorpromazine study (1955) was conducted concurrently with research underway by Joel Elkes, who was examining the substance in 1954 from Birmingham, England. Kurland's research on the effectiveness of antipsychotics addressed numerous diseases, including schizophrenia, addiction, psychosis and other acute psychiatric illnesses.

### Research on antidepressants

Kurland published 14 articles on antidepressant medications, including nialamide, aletamine, dilantin, amoxapine among others. His later research included studies that aided the development of bupropion.

### Other research

Among his published research, Kurland analyzed a variety of other clinical treatments for depression, addiction, anxiety and other diseases. His investigations of haloanisone, pyridoxine, and perphenazine-benztropine mesylate, are examples of the broad range of compounds that Kurland studied while his focus on other antipsychotics and psychedelics continued. Even more publications evidence Kurland's examination of general topics in psychiatry not directly related to clinical treatments, but describe appropriate admission procedures for psychiatric patients or the role of patients' general practitioners.

Kurland's attempts to observe the human condition were not limited to traditional research methodology common in medical science. While he typically utilized standard methodological protocols in his published work, he also considered phenomena that did not easily fit within the quantitative, positivist perspectives common in medical research. For example, as described by his former colleague Stanislav Grof, Kurland invited Joan Grant and Dennys Kelsey, European therapists who used hypnotic therapy to assist patients uncover past lives, to a symposium to inform research on the compound.

1. Taylor, Bruce T. (2007). Obituary. Albert Kurland. American College of Neuropsychopharmacology.
2. Hollister, Leo H. (1997). "Oral History with Albert Kurland". *The Betsy Gordon Psychoactive Substances Research Collection*.
3. Center for the Study of the History of Neuropsychopharmocology
4. Cholden, L., Kurland A., Savage, C. (1955) Clinical Reactions and Tolerance to LSD in Chronic Schizophrenia Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease.
5. Dyck, Ericka. (1965) Flashback: Psychiatric Experimentation with LSD in Historical Perspective. *Canadian Journal of Psychiatry* 50(7).
6. Yensen, Richard (2007) Addiction, Despair and the Soul in Psychedelic Medicine (Praeger).
7. National Institutes for Health. "List of Kurland's Research at PubMEd".

## InfoBox

| Albert Kurland | |
| --- | --- |
| Albert Kurland in the 1970s | |
| Born | (1914-06-29)June 29, 1914
Edwardsville, Pennsylvania, U.S |
| Died | December 7, 2008(2008-12-07) (aged 94)
North Oaks Retirement Community, Pikesville, Maryland, U.S |
| Citizenship | American |
| Education | Baltimore City College
University of Maryland Medical School
Sinai Hospital |
| Known for | Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Antipsychotics, Psychedelics, Antidepressants |
| Children | 2 |
| Awards | Legion of Merit |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Psychiatry, Neuropsychopharmacology |
| Institutions | Spring Grove State Hospital
Maryland Psychiatric Research Center
Taylor Manor Hospital
Johns Hopkins University |
|  | |


title: Eiichi Moriwaki

abstract: Eiichi Moriwaki was a Japanese photographer. Almost nothing about Moriwaki is known. In the 1930s he was a member of the Osaka Camera Group of Kiyoshi Koishi, and in the late thirties a member of Rōka Photography Club. The Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography holds works by Moriwaki in its permanent collection.

text:
# Eiichi Moriwaki

**Eiichi Moriwaki** (森脇 英一, *Moriwaki Eiichi*, *fl.* 1930s) was a Japanese photographer.

Almost nothing about Moriwaki is known. In the 1930s he was a member of the Osaka Camera Group (大阪カメラグループ *Ōsaka Kamera Gurūpu*) of Kiyoshi Koishi, and in the late thirties a member of Rōka Photography Club (浪華写真クラブ *Rōka Shashin Kurabu*).

The Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography holds works by Moriwaki in its permanent collection.

1. As can be inferred from Moriwaki's inclusion in *Nihon shashinka jiten.*
* *Nihon no shashinka* (日本の写真家) / *Biographic Dictionary of Japanese Photography.* Tokyo: Nichigai Associates, 2005. ISBN 4-8169-1948-1. P.407. (in Japanese) Despite the English-language alternative title, all in Japanese.
* *Nihon shashinka jiten* (日本写真家事典) / *328 Outstanding Japanese Photographers.* Kyoto: Tankōsha, 2000. ISBN 4-473-01750-8. P.309. (in Japanese) Despite the English-language alternative title, all in Japanese.


title: 1869 Costa Rican general election

text:
# 1869 Costa Rican general election

General elections were held in Costa Rica on 27 March 1869. They took place while the dictator Jesús Jiménez Zamora was in power after the coup against José María Castro Madriz, whose constitutional term was unable to finish. Jiménez Zamora was the sole candidate, during his government he repressed the press and his political opponents. The 1869 constitution only allowed men over 25 years old owners of a property that had a value higher than 200 pesos to vote.

## Results

| Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Jesús Jiménez Zamora | 345 | 99.14 |
| Eusebio Figueroa Oreamuno | 1 | 0.29 |
| José María Montealegre | 1 | 0.29 |
| Julián Volio Llorente | 1 | 0.29 |
| Total | 348 | 100.00 |
|  | | |
| Source: TSE | | |

## InfoBox

1869 Costa Rican general election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Presidential election | |
| Nominee Jesús Jiménez Zamora    Electoral vote 345   Percentage **99.14%** | |
| ---  **President before election**
Jesús Jiménez Zamora
 **Elected President**
Jesús Jiménez Zamora
 | |
|  | |


abstract: The Eastern Illinois Panthers track and field program represents Eastern Illinois University in the sport of track and field. The program includes separate men's and women's teams, both of which compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC). The Panthers host their home indoor meets in the Lantz Field House and their home outdoor meets at O'Brien Field, both located on the university's campus. The Panthers track teams are currently led by head coach Keith Roberts.

text:
# Eastern Illinois Panthers track and field

The **Eastern Illinois Panthers track and field** program represents Eastern Illinois University in the sport of track and field. The program includes separate men's and women's teams, both of which compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC). The Panthers host their home indoor meets in the Lantz Field House and their home outdoor meets at O'Brien Field, both located on the university's campus. The Panthers track teams are currently led by head coach Keith Roberts.

## History

The Eastern Illinois men's track and field team was organized in 1912 and got its first official coach in 1933 in Winfield Angus. Before 1933, coaching duties were assumed by a male faculty member; the Panthers women's team was formed in 1974–75. Eastern Illinois joined the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC) in 1996, and the Panthers track team began to compete in the OVC in the winter of 1996.

Historically, the Panthers have been a force in the OVC, and have won a total of 51 conference team championships since 1996-97. The Panthers men have won seventeen OVC outdoor championships (1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2019, 2021), and nineteen indoor championships (1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2016, 2017, 2020, 2023). The Panthers women have won eight OVC outdoor championships (2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2016, 2017), and seven indoor championships (2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2017).

## NCAA individual event champions

Individual Champions:

* 1955: Ray White, NAIA Long Jump
* 1967: John Craft, NAIA Triple Jump
* 1969: John Craft, NCAA College Division Triple Jump
* 1972: Rodney Jackson, NCAA College Division 400 hurdles
* 1973: Rodney Jackson, NCAA College Division 400 hurdles
* 1974: Darrell Brown, NCAA Division II Long Jump
* 1975: Toni Ababio, NCAA Division II Long Jump
* 1975: Toni Ababio, NCAA Division II Triple Jump
* 1976: Ed Hatch, NCAA Division II 400 Meter Dash
* 1979: Robert Johnson, NCAA Division II 110 hurdles
* 1981: Augustine Oruwari, NCAA Division II 110 hurdles
* 1988: Jim Maton, NCAA Division I 800 meter run (Indoor)
* 1992: Dan Steele, NCAA Division I 400 hurdles

Group Champions:

* 1981: 4x400 Relay, Women’s Track & Field AIAW II

## Eastern Illinois Olympic medalists

## Retired Jersey

|
|  |
| Person | Event | Career | Date of Retirement | Ref. |
| John Craft | Triple jump | 1965–1969 | January 22, 2011 |  |
|

## Notable former athletes

### Track

## InfoBox

| Eastern Illinois Panthers track and field | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Founded | Men’s: 1912
Women’s: 1974 |
| University | Eastern Illinois University |
| Athletic director | Tom Michael |
| Head coach | Keith Roberts (1st season) |
| Conference | OVC |
| Location | Charleston, IL |
| Indoor track | Lantz Field House |
| Outdoor track | O'Brien Field |
| Nickname | Panthers |
| Colors | Blue and gray
 |
| NCAA Outdoor National Championships | |
| **Men's: Div. II 1974** | |
| Conference Indoor Championships | |
| **Men's: 1967, 1987, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2016, 2017, 2020, 2023

Women's: 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2017** | |
| Conference Outdoor Championships | |
| **Men's: 1981, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2019, 2021

Women's: 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2016, 2017** | |


title: Delft jewelry

abstract:
Delft Jewelry is the generic name for jewelry featuring Dutch (Netherlands) miniature Delftware medallions or brooch panels in a silver setting. Delft jewelry includes necklaces, pendants, earrings, brooches, bracelets, rings, and cufflinks. The Delft panels are usually made of pottery and decorated with a blue and white windmill landscape. The silver setting often has the form of silver filigree. Delft jewelry has been made in the Netherlands since c.1879. It flourished especially in the decades after WW2 as a result of demand from the Dutch tourist industry. That era saw the emergence of three specialist producers of Delft medallions. For most other Delftware factories however, brooch panels have been a relatively small side product. The main producers of Delft brooch panels as a side product have been:
  - De Koninklijke Porceleyne Fles, Delft
  - Plateelbakkerij Delft, Amsterdam/Hilversum
  - Plateelbakkerij Schoonhoven, Schoonhoven
  - Plateelbakkerij en Pijpenfabrieken Zenith, Gouda
  - Goedewaagen's Hollandse Pijpen- en Aardewerkfabrieken, Gouda The main specialist producers of Delft brooch panels have been:
  - Atelier Van Katwijk, Gouda - established in 1946 by Frans van Katwijk
  - Keramiekatelier C.Verwoerd, Gouda - established in 1949 by Cornelis Verwoerd
  - Kunstatelier Porceletti, Gouda - established in c.1955 by Dick Olthuysen Delft brooch panels are usually set in silver. The emergence of specialist producers of Delft jewelry in Gouda, Netherlands, was greatly helped by the presence of an important silversmithing community in the nearby town of Schoonhoven. Zenith Gouda and Goedewaagen Gouda have been suppliers of Delft medallions to silversmith H. Hooykaas of Schoonhoven. Van Katwijk, Verwoerd, and Porceletti have been suppliers of Delft brooch panels to silversmith G.J. Van den Bergh Jr. Several other Schoonhoven silversmiths have been involved in the production of Delft jewelry as well.

text:
# Delft jewelry

**Delft Jewelry** is the generic name for jewelry featuring Dutch (Netherlands) miniature Delftware medallions or brooch panels in a silver setting. Delft jewelry includes necklaces, pendants, earrings, brooches, bracelets, rings, and cufflinks. The Delft panels are usually made of pottery and decorated with a blue and white windmill landscape. The silver setting often has the form of silver filigree. Delft jewelry has been made in the Netherlands since c.1879. It flourished especially in the decades after WW2 as a result of demand from the Dutch tourist industry. That era saw the emergence of three specialist producers of Delft medallions. For most other Delftware factories however, brooch panels have been a relatively small side product.

The main producers of Delft brooch panels as a side product have been:

* De Koninklijke Porceleyne Fles, Delft
* Plateelbakkerij Delft, Amsterdam/Hilversum
* Plateelbakkerij Schoonhoven, Schoonhoven
* Plateelbakkerij en Pijpenfabrieken Zenith, Gouda
* Goedewaagen's Hollandse Pijpen- en Aardewerkfabrieken, Gouda

The main specialist producers of Delft brooch panels have been:

* Atelier Van Katwijk, Gouda - established in 1946 by Frans van Katwijk
* Keramiekatelier C.Verwoerd, Gouda - established in 1949 by Cornelis Verwoerd
* Kunstatelier Porceletti, Gouda - established in c.1955 by Dick Olthuysen

Delft brooch panels are usually set in silver. The emergence of specialist producers of Delft jewelry in Gouda, Netherlands, was greatly helped by the presence of an important silversmithing community in the nearby town of Schoonhoven. Zenith Gouda and Goedewaagen Gouda have been suppliers of Delft medallions to silversmith H. Hooykaas of Schoonhoven. Van Katwijk, Verwoerd, and Porceletti have been suppliers of Delft brooch panels to silversmith G.J. Van den Bergh Jr. Several other Schoonhoven silversmiths have been involved in the production of Delft jewelry as well.


title: Alzoniella edmundi

abstract: Alzoniella edmundi is a species of spring snail, an aquatic gastropod in the family Hydrobiidae. This species is endemic to Mallorca.

text:
# Alzoniella edmundi

***Alzoniella edmundi*** is a species of spring snail, an aquatic gastropod in the family Hydrobiidae.

This species is endemic to Mallorca.

* Boeters, H. D. (1984). Unbekannte westeuropäische Prosobranchia, 6. Heldia. 1: 9-11. München.

## InfoBox

| *Alzoniella edmundi* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Alzoniella edmundi*, Sóller, Mallorca | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Hydrobiidae |
| Genus: | *Alzoniella* |
| Species: | ***A. edmundi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Alzoniella edmundi***
(Boeters, 1984) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Alzoniella (Alzoniella) edmundi* (Boeters, 1984) · alternate representation * *Belgrandiella edmundi* Boeters, 1984 | |


title: Alzoniella junqua

abstract: Alzoniella junqua is a species of very small aquatic snail, a spring snail, an operculate gastropod mollusc in the family Hydrobiidae.

text:
# Alzoniella junqua

***Alzoniella junqua*** is a species of very small aquatic snail, a spring snail, an operculate gastropod mollusc in the family Hydrobiidae.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 1.4 mm and 1.8 mm, the diameter between 0.82 mm and 1 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques and Hérault, France.

* Boeters, H.D. (2000). "The genus Alzoniella Giusti & Bodon, 1984, in France. West European Hydrobiidae, 9 (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia)". *Basteria*. **64** (4–6): 155. Retrieved 26 September 2024.

## InfoBox

| *Alzoniella junqua* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Alzoniella junqua* (specimen at the Natural History Museum, Rotterdam) | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Hydrobiidae |
| Genus: | *Alzoniella* |
| Species: | ***A. junqua*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Alzoniella junqua***
Boeters, 2000 | |
|


title: Alternate Learning

abstract: Alternate Learning was a power pop/new wave band from 1977 to 1982, based in Davis, California and fronted by Scott Miller, a singer-songwriter later known for his work as leader of the 1980s band Game Theory and 1990s band the Loud Family.

text:
# Alternate Learning

**Alternate Learning** (or **ALRN**) was a power pop/new wave band from 1977 to 1982, based in Davis, California and fronted by Scott Miller, a singer-songwriter later known for his work as leader of the 1980s band Game Theory and 1990s band the Loud Family.

## Musical career

### Early *ALRN* period (1977–1978)

Alternate Learning, which was Scott Miller's first band to record on independent recording label Rational Records, was initially formed while its original members were in high school. Miller, Jozef Becker, and Scott Gallawa began performing at Rio Americano High School under the name Alternate Learning as early as 1977.

| ALRN | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Alternate Learning | |
| Released | 1979 |
| Length | 12:19 |
| Label | Rational |
| Producer | Scott Miller |

The group's self-titled first release, a four-song 7" EP, was recorded by the three original members in Sacramento, in Miller's home recording studio. The EP was independently released on Rational Records in 1979.

The band and the *Alternate Learning* EP both became known by the abbreviation ALRN, which was prominently featured on the front cover of the debut release. Although the disc was labeled with the band's unabbreviated name, the release is most often known as the *ALRN* EP. The first EP is also sometimes referred to as the *Green Card* EP, based on the title of its first song.

Track listing
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Green Card" | S. Miller | 2:49 |
| 2. | "What's the Matter" | S. Miller | 3:44 |
| 3. | "Gumby's in a Coma" | Kern Scott Gallawa | 2:16 |
| 4. | "When She's Alone" | S. Miller | 3:30 |

### Original Davis line-up (1978–1980)

In 1978, Miller moved the band to Davis, California, where he was attending college.

Bass player Carolyn O'Rourke and keyboard player Lynn Ross joined the Davis-based band, which became regionally well known for their performances in the Sacramento area, in San Francisco, and most frequently at U.C. Davis.

In 1980, Lynn Ross, Scott Gallawa and Jozef Becker left the group, with Becker citing conflicts of personality. Gallawa and Becker formed the Les-Z-Boys with Guy Kyser; Becker and Kyser went on to become founding members of Thin White Rope. Becker, who was also a member of True West, rejoined Miller as a member of Game Theory from 1989 to 1990, and later was a member of Miller's 1990s group The Loud Family.

### *Painted Windows* period (1981–1982)

In February 1981, drummer Eric Landers joined Alternate Learning, as did keyboard player Byl Miller (no relation to Scott Miller).

| Painted Windows | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Alternate Learning | |
| Released | 1982 |
| Recorded | 1981 |
| Length | 36:11 |
| Label | Rational |

The 1981 lineup of Alternate Learning recorded a full-length LP called *Painted Windows*, which was released on Rational Records. During the recording of *Painted Windows*, Miller distanced the band from the previous ALRN release, writing in a newsletter that the 1979 EP "was not made by the present Alternate Learning, but by Scott Miller with Joe Becker and Scott Gallawa (now of Les-Z-Boys)."

After recording the album, and prior to its release, the *Painted Windows* line-up debuted in an appearance with Pylon in April 1981. They went on to perform a series of shows from April through October 1981. Although the album was released in January 1982, the band did not perform again until late February 1982.

All songs on *Painted Windows* were written and composed by Scott Miller.

Track listing
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Another Wasted Afternoon" | 3:51 |
| 2. | "Sex War" | 2:41 |
| 3. | "The New You" | 6:23 |
| 4. | "Dark Days" | 4:32 |
| 5. | "Occupation: Unknown" | 3:19 |
| 6. | "Dresden" | 2:59 |
| 7. | "Beach State Rocking" | 2:48 |
| 8. | "Ulysses" | 1:49 |
| 9. | "Painted Windows" | 5:03 |
| 10. | "Let's Not Wait" | 2:12 |

### Breakup (1982)

After the release of *Painted Windows*, the group's final show took place at the U.C. Davis Coffeehouse on Saturday, February 27, 1982. The trio of Scott Miller, Carolyn O'Rourke, and Byl Miller performed without a drummer, accompanied by taped percussion and effects, until they were joined onstage by drummer Gavin Blair of the X-Men for their concluding songs.

Alternate Learning was officially disbanded by Miller in May 1982. Within a few months, Miller had formed his new group, Game Theory. The new band included keyboard player and backing vocalist Nancy Becker, who had previously performed on synthesizer as a "sometime" member of Alternate Learning.

## Collaboration with Steve Wynn

In 1981, Alternate Learning members collaborated with Steve Wynn to form a trio called **15 Minutes**, which released one single on Wynn's label, Down There Records.

15 Minutes consisted of Wynn on guitar and lead vocals, Caroline O'Rourke on bass, and Eric Landers on drums. Their single, "That's What You Always Say" b/w "Last Chance For You," was written and produced by Wynn, with Scott Miller engineering. The A-side, "That's What You Always Say," was later recorded by The Dream Syndicate for their 1982 album *The Days of Wine and Roses*.

Both songs by 15 Minutes appear as bonus tracks on Rhino Records' 2001 remastered CD reissue of *The Days of Wine and Roses*.

## Legacy

### Material recorded by Game Theory

On Game Theory's double album *Lolita Nation* (1987), the track "Pretty Green Card Shark" includes the opening portion of "Green Card."

In 1990, former Alternate Learning members Scott Miller, Jozef Becker, and Nancy Becker returned to the studio, joined by Michael Quercio, to record a new version of the Alternate Learning song "Beach State Rocking." Despite being a new recording by Game Theory, the 1990 remake of "Beach State Rocking" was the opening track on the chronologically ordered Game Theory compilation CD *Tinker to Evers to Chance*, released on Enigma Records.

### Memorial performance (2013)

After Scott Miller's death, a memorial tribute concert was held in Sacramento on July 20, 2013, with proceeds directed to a memorial fund for the education of Miller's children. Nancy Becker performed alongside Fletcher Gallawa (son of original member Scott Gallawa) and his band, billed as "Nan Becker and the Wheels," to open the show with a set of Alternate Learning songs that included "Green Card," "What's the Matter," and "When She's Alone."

### Remastered tracks on Game Theory reissues (2014–2020)

Alternate Learning's original master tapes were obtained by Omnivore Recordings after Miller's death, in connection with Omnivore's series of Game Theory reissues that began in 2014. As a result, the 2014 reissue of Game Theory's *Blaze of Glory* included four bonus tracks from Alternate Learning: "What's the Matter" from the *ALRN* EP, and "Another Wasted Afternoon," "Beach State Rocking," and "The New You" from *Painted Windows*.

A newly released live version of "Beach State Rocking" appeared as a bonus track on Omnivore's 2015 reissue of *Real Nighttime*, and the 2020 Game Theory compilation *Across the Barrier of Sound* concluded with a remastered version of "When She's Alone."

## Discography

### Studio albums

| Year | Title | Format | Label | Catalog no. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1979 | *Alternate Learning* (or *ALRN*) | 7" EP | Rational | RAT-001 |
| 1982 | *Painted Windows* | LP | Rational | ATI-002 |

### Various artist compilations

| Year | Title | Track listing | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1979 | *The Other #1* | "When She's Alone" (side 2, track 15) | CS | The Other Tapes |
| 2004 | *Homework #9* | "Sex War" (track 13) | CD-R | Hyped to Death (H2D #68) |

### Game Theory reissues (bonus tracks)

| Year | Title | Track listing | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 | *Blaze of Glory* | * "Another Wasted Afternoon" (track 13) * "What's the Matter" (track 14) * "Beach State Rocking" (track 20) * "The New You" (track 23) | LP, CD | Omnivore |
| 2015 | *Real Nighttime* | "Beach State Rocking (Live)" (track 19) | | |
| 2020 | *Across the Barrier of Sound: PostScript* | "When She's Alone" (track 25) | | |

### Collaborations

| Group | Title |
| --- | --- |
| 15 Minutes (with Steve Wynn) | "That's What You Always Say" (Wynn) b/w "Last Chance For You" (Wynn) |

## InfoBox

| Alternate Learning | |
| --- | --- |
| Alternate Learning performing in 1980. | |
| Background information | |
| Also known as | ALRN |
| Origin | Sacramento, California, United States |
| Genres | Power pop, new wave |
| Years active | 1977 (1977)–1982 (1982) |
| Labels | Rational |
|  | |
| Past members | * Scott Miller * Jozef Becker * Scott Gallawa * Carolyn O'Rourke * Lynn Ross * Eric Landers * Byl Miller * Nancy Becker |


title: Eastern Punjab cricket team

abstract:
The Eastern Punjab cricket team was an Indian domestic cricket team representing the eastern part of the Indian state of Punjab. It played 22 first-class matches, all in the Ranji Trophy, between 1950 and 1960, winning 2, losing 13 and drawing 7. It played its home matches in Amritsar and Jalandhar. The highest individual score was 145 by Swaranjit Singh,
who hit two of the team's four centuries. Swaranjit Singh's 145 contributed to Eastern Punjab's highest team total of 380. The lowest team total was 31, against Railways in 1958–59. The best innings bowling figures were 6 for 35 by William Ghosh. The best match figures were 9 for 48 by Som Prakash in Jammu and Kashmir's inaugural first-class match in January 1960. That match, which Eastern Punjab won by an innings, was the only one in which they dismissed their opponents twice. After the team disbanded, many of the players joined Southern Punjab or Northern Punjab, which both competed in the Ranji Trophy from 1960 to 1961 and 1967–68. For the 1968–69 season they combined to form an undivided Punjab team.

text:
# Eastern Punjab cricket team

The **Eastern Punjab cricket team** was an Indian domestic cricket team representing the eastern part of the Indian state of Punjab. It played 22 first-class matches, all in the Ranji Trophy, between 1950 and 1960, winning 2, losing 13 and drawing 7. It played its home matches in Amritsar and Jalandhar.

The highest individual score was 145 by Swaranjit Singh, who hit two of the team's four centuries. Swaranjit Singh's 145 contributed to Eastern Punjab's highest team total of 380. The lowest team total was 31, against Railways in 1958–59.

The best innings bowling figures were 6 for 35 by William Ghosh. The best match figures were 9 for 48 (5 for 15 and 4 for 33) by Som Prakash in Jammu and Kashmir's inaugural first-class match in January 1960. That match, which Eastern Punjab won by an innings, was the only one in which they dismissed their opponents twice.

After the team disbanded, many of the players joined Southern Punjab or Northern Punjab, which both competed in the Ranji Trophy from 1960 to 1961 and 1967–68. For the 1968–69 season they combined to form an undivided Punjab team.

## InfoBox

Eastern Punjab cricket team
| Team information | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1950 |
| Last match | 1960 |
| History | |
| First-class debut | Services
in 1950
at Gandhi Sports Complex Ground, Amritsar |
| Ranji Trophy wins | 0 |


title: 1600s in South Africa

abstract: The following lists events that happened during the 1600s in South Africa.

text:
# 1600s in South Africa

The following lists events that happened during the **1600s in South Africa**.

## Events

* 1594 - 1601 - James Lancaster, an English navigator, explores the southern African coast and establishes trade relationships with the Khoikhoi
* 20 March 1602 - the Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC) or better known as the Dutch East India Company is established in the Netherlands
* 1608 - The Portuguese ship, *Santo Esperitu*, is believed to have been shipwrecked off the eastern coast of South Africa

See Years in South Africa for list of References

## InfoBox

|  | **1600s in South Africa** |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 15th 16th century « 1600s » 1610s 1620s | | |
|  |  |  |
| List of years in South Africa | | |


abstract: East Carolina University College of Health and Human Performance is an American college of Health and Human Performance. It has five departments and nine laboratories. It offers degrees in Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts, Master of Arts in Education, Master of Science and Ph.D.

text:
# East Carolina University College of Health and Human Performance

**East Carolina University College of Health and Human Performance** (founded in 1907) is an American college of Health and Human Performance. It has five departments and nine laboratories. It offers degrees in Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts, Master of Arts in Education, Master of Science and Ph.D.

## History

The College of Health and Human Performance might be a relatively new college in its reconfigured form, but it has roots in the founding of ECU in 1907. The original department, in 1907 was called the Department of Physical Education. By the time East Carolina gained University status the little department grew into the Department of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Safety, which was housed under the College of Arts and Sciences. In 1982, the Human Performance Laboratory was instituted and immediately established itself as an important campus-wide facility for research and clinical programs dealing with an array of scientific and health-related issues. In 1993, the Department of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Safety became the eleventh professional school on the East Carolina University campus. In 2003 the School of Health & Human Performance became the College of Health & Human Performance.

## Departments

There are five Departments under the College of Health and Human Performance umbrella. The Department of Kinesiology works to promote well-being through academic and research leadership in human movement and sport. The Department of Health Education and Promotion seeks to advance knowledge and understanding of the factors affecting health, and prepare students for professional and leadership roles in athletic training, environmental health, and health education and promotion. The Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies works to prepare future leaders in recreation, parks, tourism, and recreational therapy to enhance the quality of life for all in a variety of settings. The Department of Aerospace Studies (Air Force ROTC) commissions pilots, navigators, and a majority of ECU cadets into non-flying Air Force Officers positions. The Department of Military Science (Army ROTC) recruits, retains, develops and graduates leaders who are mentally, physically, emotionally, and morally ready to serve the Nation as commissioned officers in the US Army.

## Laboratories and centers

The College of Health and Human Performance has nine laboratories. The Activity Promotion Lab is a lab to research projects on physical activity, fitness, and obesity in children. The Biomechanics Lab was built to discover, disseminate, and use knowledge concerning the biomechanics of human movement. The Biofeedback Lab is an accredited training lab where students work with biofeedback and video gaming to assist with stress and anxiety reduction, childhood obesity, and posttraumatic stress disorder (particularly with returning Armed Forces service members). The Human Performance Lab is to discover and disseminate knowledge in the area of exercise physiology through research, service and education. The Developmental Motor Lab has been preparing adapted physical education specialists to meet the activity needs of children and adults with disabilities since 1978. The Regional Training Center is a substance abuse prevention/education program targeting adult populations within the state who have contact with high risk youth and young adults. The Visual Motor Lab engages in projects that examine visual attention, arousal, mental workload and attentional bias. The Sensory Lab provides the equipment and space to research various projects involving sensory stimulation as well as observation, sound and listening based research. Multiple computer labs are also housed in the College of HHP.

## Undergraduate

The college offers many Bachelor of Science and Bachelor of Arts degrees.

The Department of Kinesiology offers four Bachelor of Science programs and two minors (Exercise and Sport Science, Sports Studies):

The Department of Health Education and Promotion offers four Bachelor of Science Programs:

The Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies offers two Bachelor of Science degrees, and two certificates.

### Certificate

## Graduate and doctoral

The college offers a Master of Arts, Master of Arts in Education, Master of Science and Ph.D. degrees.

The Department of Kinesiology offers MS degrees, an MAT, MAEd and Ph.D. degrees and one certificate program.

### Certificate

Sport Management

The Department of Health Education and Promotion offers three graduate degrees.

* Health Education and Promotion
* MAEd School Health Education
* Environmental Health

The Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies offers two Master of Science degrees and two certificates.

**Certificates**

* Aquatic Therapy
* Biofeedback Certificate


abstract: The College of Business is the business school at East Carolina University. Founded in 1936, and claiming distinction as the second oldest business school in North Carolina, the College houses both undergraduate and graduate students. The College's undergraduate programs were accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) in 1967, and the College's graduate programs were accredited by the AACSB in 1976. Out of North Carolina's 23 business schools, ten, including ECU, are accredited by the AACSB. It is a part of the GMAC governing body. The College grants two undergraduate degrees, the Bachelor of Science in Business Administration and the Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management. The College grants two graduate degrees, the Master of Business Administration and the Master of Science in Accounting, as well as opportunities for a dual degree with the Brody School of Medicine. The College places a heavy emphasis on its tight-knit and residential character, and has a student population that hovers over 3,000 students and a full-time faculty of 117. In 2004, East Carolina became one of the first universities in the United States to offer the MBA completely online. In 2012, East Carolina's online MBA ranked third nationally and first in North Carolina for quality and affordability.

text:
# East Carolina University College of Business

**The College of Business** is the business school at East Carolina University. Founded in 1936, and claiming distinction as the second oldest business school in North Carolina, the College houses both undergraduate and graduate students. The College's undergraduate programs were accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) in 1967, and the College's graduate programs were accredited by the AACSB in 1976. Out of North Carolina's 23 business schools, ten, including ECU, are accredited by the AACSB. It is a part of the GMAC governing body.

The College grants two undergraduate degrees, the Bachelor of Science in Business Administration and the Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management. The College grants two graduate degrees, the Master of Business Administration and the Master of Science in Accounting, as well as opportunities for a dual degree with the Brody School of Medicine. The College places a heavy emphasis on its tight-knit and residential character, and has a student population that hovers over 3,000 students and a full-time faculty of 117.

In 2004, East Carolina became one of the first universities in the United States to offer the MBA completely online. In 2012, East Carolina's online MBA ranked third nationally and first in North Carolina for quality and affordability.

## History

The College of Business was founded in 1936 as the Department of Commerce, with Dr. Elmer Browning was the founding Dean. The department was renamed the School of Business in 1960. In 1967, the College was accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB). Dr. James Bearden became the School's second Dean in 1968. Under his guidance, the school started the Master of Business Administration (MBA) program, which was accredited by the AACSB in 1976. Dr. Bearden also helped to establish the BB&T Center for Leadership Development after BB&T donated over $3 million to the College. Dr. Ernie Uhr became the third Dean in 1983, and under Dr. Uhr's leadership, the School moved from the Rawl Building to the Harold H. Bate Building. Further, during Dr. Uhr's tenure, additional MBA concentrations and the dual MD/MBA program began, while East Carolina became one of the first universities to offer online MBA courses during his term. In 2002, school changed its name from the Business School to the College of Business. Dr. Rick Niswander became the fourth Dean in 2004, and the new Leadership and Professional Development program came to fruition in 2009. In December 2010, Dr. Stanley G. Eakins became the interim Dean of the College. In 2019, Dr. Paul Schwager was named the College's sixth dean. Dr. Schwager left ECU in 2022 and Dr. Michael Harris was announced as the Interim Dean for the college.

## Undergraduate

| Degree | Students |
| --- | --- |
| Accounting | 386 |
| Finance | 542 |
| Hospitality Management | 318 |
| Management | 1,351 |
| Management Information Systems | 280 |
| Marketing and Supply Chain<br>Management | 869 |
| **Total** | 3,746 |

The college offers five undergraduate degrees with many concentrations in addition to a general business minor. The degree in Finance has two concentrations: Financial services, Managerial finance, Risk management & insurance. The degree in Management has three concentrations: Entrepreneurship/Small Business, International Business and Management. The degree in Marketing and Supply Chain Management has three concentrations: Electronic Commerce, Marketing and Operations/Supply Chain Management. The degree in Management Information Systems doesn't have a concentration.

Of the undergraduate students, 86% are Full-time, while 14% are Part-time. The majority of students, 69%, live on campus, while 15% are entirely online, and 16% are on campus and online. The student body is made up of 62% males and 38% females. The declared business majors average GPA is 3.03.

## Graduate

The Graduate Program in the College of Business offers two degrees; Masters of Business Administration and Master of Science in Accounting. The MBA program is delivered both online and on campus in Greenville. The College of Business, along with the Brody School of Medicine offer a joint M.D./M.B.A. Degree. The M.B.A. program offers ten optional certificates such as Finance and Sport Management.

The M.S.A. program is a fast paced program designed for either Accounting or Non-Accounting Majors. Additionally, the College offers an intensive five-year program, which, upon completing all requirements, grants students both a B.S.B.A. in Accounting and an M.S.A.

35°36′22″N 77°21′55″W / 35.6061°N 77.3652°W / 35.6061; -77.3652

## InfoBox

College of Business
| Type | Public Business School |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 1936 |
| Dean | Dr. Paul Schwager |
| Academic staff | 117 |
| Students | 4,566 |
| Undergraduates | 3,746 |
| Postgraduates | 820 |
| Location | Greenville, North Carolina, United States |
| Affiliations | AACSB |
| Website | business.ecu.edu |


title: 1863 in animation

abstract: Events in 1863 in animation.

text:
# 1863 in animation

Events in **1863 in animation**.

## Events

## Births

### April

### December

### Specific date unknown

## InfoBox

| **Years in animation:** | 1860 1861 1862 **1863** 1864 1865 1866 |
| --- | --- |
| **Centuries:** | 18th century · **19th century** · 20th century |
| **Decades:** | 1830s 1840s 1850s **1860s** 1870s 1880s 1890s |
| **Years:** | 1860 1861 1862 **1863** 1864 1865 1866 |


title: Altmar, Illinois

abstract: Altmar is an unincorporated community in Eagle Township, LaSalle County, Illinois, United States. Altmar is located along the Norfolk Southern Railway, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Kangley. The community may be named after Altmar, New York.

text:
# Altmar, Illinois

**Altmar** is an unincorporated community in Eagle Township, LaSalle County, Illinois, United States. Altmar is located along the Norfolk Southern Railway, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Kangley.

The community may be named after Altmar, New York.

## InfoBox

| Altmar, Illinois | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| AltmarAltmar | |
| Coordinates: 41°08′31″N 88°53′33″W / 41.14194°N 88.89250°W / 41.14194; -88.89250 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | LaSalle |
| Township | Eagle |
| Elevation | 640 ft (200 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area codes | 815 & 779 |
| GNIS feature ID | 422404 |


title: Altmark – Jerichower Land

abstract: Altmark – Jerichower Land is an electoral constituency represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 66. It is located in northern Saxony-Anhalt, comprising the districts of Altmarkkreis Salzwedel, Jerichower Land, and Stendal. Altmark – Jerichower Land was created for the inaugural 1990 federal election after German reunification. Since 2021, it has been represented by Herbert Wollmann of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).

text:
# Altmark – Jerichower Land

**Altmark – Jerichower Land** is an electoral constituency (German: *Wahlkreis*) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 66. It is located in northern Saxony-Anhalt, comprising the districts of Altmarkkreis Salzwedel, Jerichower Land, and Stendal.

Altmark – Jerichower Land was created for the inaugural 1990 federal election after German reunification. Since 2021, it has been represented by Herbert Wollmann of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).

## Geography

Altmark – Jerichower Land is located in northern Saxony-Anhalt. As of the 2025 federal election, it comprises the districts of Altmarkkreis Salzwedel, Jerichower Land, and Stendal.

## History

Altmark – Jerichower Land was created after German reunification in 1990 and known as *Altmark*. In the 1990 through 1998 elections, it was constituency 283 in the numbering system. In the 2002 and 2005 elections, it was number 66. In the 2009 election, it was number 67. Since the 2013 election, it has been number 66.

Originally, the constituency comprised the districts of Salzwedel, Stendal, Osterburg, Gardelegen, and Klötze. In the 2002 election, it was reconfigured to comprise the districts of Altmarkkreis Salzwedel and Stendal. Ahead of the 2025 election, it acquired the district of Jerichower Land.

| Election | No. | Name | Borders |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1990 | 283 | Altmark | * Salzwedel district * Stendal district * Osterburg district * Gardelegen district * Klötze district |
| | | | 1994 |
| | | | 1998 |
| 2002 | | 66 |  |
| | | 2005 |
| 2009 | | 67 |
| 2013 | | 66 |
| | | 2017 |
| | | 2021 |
| | 2025 | Altmark – Jerichower Land |  |

## Members

The constituency was first represented by Rudolf Karl Krause of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), who served from 1990 to 1994. Reinhard Weis of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) was elected in 1994 and served until 2005, followed by Marko Mühlstein until 2009. In 2009, Katrin Kunert of The Left won the constituency and served a single term. Jörg Hellmuth of the CDU was elected in 2013, followed by Eckhard Gnodtke in 2017. Herbert Wollmann regained it for the SPD in 2021.

| Election | | Member | Party | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1990 | Rudolf Karl Krause | CDU | 38.9 |
|  | 1994 | Reinhard Weis | SPD | 38.6 |
| | 1998 | | | 45.0 |
| | 2002 | | | 45.2 |
|  | 2005 | Marko Mühlstein | SPD | 33.2 |
|  | 2009 | Katrin Kunert | LINKE | 33.4 |
|  | 2013 | Jörg Hellmuth | CDU | 42.1 |
|  | 2017 | Eckhard Gnodtke | CDU | 32.6 |
|  | 2021 | Herbert Wollmann | SPD | 27.5 |

## Election results

### 2021 election

| Federal election (2021): Altmark | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Notes: | | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | | | | | | | |
| Party | | Candidate | | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% |
|  | SPD | Herbert Wollmann | | 29,599 | 27.5 | 8.4 | 29,537 | 27.4 | 10.4 |
|  | CDU | Uwe Harms | | 23,433 | 21.8 | 10.8 | 22,567 | 20.9 | 11.8 |
|  | AfD | Arno Bausemer | | 20,875 | 19.4 | 2.9 | 20,629 | 19.1 | 2.4 |
|  | Left | Matthias Höhn | | 11,218 | 10.4 | 8.7 | 10,381 | 9.6 | 8.9 |
|  | FDP | Marcus Faber | | 9,116 | 8.5 | 1.7 | 9,396 | 8.7 | 1.6 |
|  | FW | Nils Krümmel | | 5,584 | 5.2 | 3.8 | 3,286 | 3.0 | 2.2 |
|  | Greens | Gregor Laukert | | 4,674 | 4.3 | 0.9 | 5,834 | 5.4 | 2.1 |
|  | dieBasis | Martin Schwab | | 2,132 | 2.0 |  | 1,985 | 1.8 |  |
|  | Human Environment Animal Protection |  | | | | | 1,100 | 1.0 |  |
|  | Independent | Heiko Janowski | | 880 | 0.8 |  |  | | |
|  | Tierschutzallianz |  | | | | | 818 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
|  | PARTEI |  | | | | | 725 | 0.7 | 0.2 |
|  | Gartenpartei |  | | | | | 510 | 0.5 | 0.0 |
|  | Pirates |  | | | | | 308 | 0.3 |  |
|  | NPD |  | | | | | 205 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
|  | Volt |  | | | | | 140 | 0.1 |  |
|  | Humanists |  | | | | | 99 | 0.1 |  |
|  | du. |  | | | | | 91 | 0.1 |  |
|  | MLPD |  | | | | | 75 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
|  | Independent | Danny Bibiella | | 69 | 0.1 |  |  | | |
|  | ÖDP |  | | | | | 58 | 0.1 |  |
| Informal votes | | | | 1,301 |  |  | 1,137 |  |  |
| **Total valid votes** | | | | 107,580 |  |  | 107,744 |  |  |
| **Turnout** | | | | 108,881 | 68.1 | 0.9 |  | | |
|  | SPD **gain** from CDU | | **Majority** | 6,166 | 5.7 |  |  | | |

### 2017 election

| Federal election (2017): Altmark | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Notes: | | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | | | | | | | |
| Party | | Candidate | | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% |
|  | CDU | Eckhard Gnodtke | | 35,644 | 32.6 | 9.6 | 36,022 | 32.8 | 9.3 |
|  | Left | Matthias Höhn | | 20,973 | 19.2 | 11.2 | 20,346 | 18.5 | 6.1 |
|  | SPD | Maria Kermer | | 20,900 | 19.1 | 1.5 | 18,721 | 17.0 | 2.0 |
|  | AfD | Matthias Büttner | | 18,031 | 16.5 |  | 18,419 | 16.8 | 13.2 |
|  | FDP | Marcus Faber | | 7,388 | 6.7 | 5.3 | 7,838 | 7.1 | 5.0 |
|  | Greens | Mirko Wolff | | 3,738 | 3.4 | 0.6 | 3,648 | 3.3 | 0.0 |
|  | FW | Elke du Bois | | 1,567 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 888 | 0.8 | 0.1 |
|  | Tierschutzallianz |  | | | | | 1,218 | 1.1 |  |
|  | PARTEI |  | | | | | 970 | 0.9 |  |
|  | NPD |  | | | | | 662 | 0.6 | 1.5 |
|  | Independent | Renne | | 654 | 0.6 |  |  | | |
|  | Independent | Schmidt | | 560 | 0.5 |  |  | | |
|  | MG |  | | | | | 467 | 0.4 |  |
|  | BGE |  | | | | | 304 | 0.3 |  |
|  | DiB |  | | | | | 242 | 0.2 |  |
|  | MLPD |  | | | | | 118 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
| Informal votes | | | | 1,738 |  |  | 1,330 |  |  |
| **Total valid votes** | | | | 109,455 |  |  | 109,863 |  |  |
| **Turnout** | | | | 111,193 | 67.1 | 4.5 |  | | |
|  | CDU **hold** | | **Majority** | 14,671 | 13.4 | 1.6 |  | | |

### 2013 election

| Federal election (2013): Altmark | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Notes: | | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | | | | | | | |
| Party | | Candidate | | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% |
|  | CDU | Jörg Hellmuth | | 44,686 | 42.1 | 10.9 | 44,655 | 42.0 | 11.8 |
|  | Left | N Katrin Kunert | | 32,164 | 30.3 | 3.1 | 26,180 | 24.6 | 8.9 |
|  | SPD | Marina Kermer | | 18,616 | 17.6 | 2.4 | 20,196 | 19.0 | 1.3 |
|  | AfD |  | | | | | 3,826 | 3.6 |  |
|  | Greens | Christian Franke | | 2,998 | 2.8 | 0.5 | 3,542 | 3.3 | 1.4 |
|  | NPD | Heiko Krause | | 2,613 | 2.5 | 0.2 | 2,227 | 2.1 | 0.0 |
|  | Pirates | René Schernikau | | 2,541 | 2.4 |  | 1,997 | 1.9 | 0.3 |
|  | FDP | Marcus Faber | | 1,489 | 1.4 | 4.5 | 2,278 | 2.1 | 6.7 |
|  | FW | Elke du Bois | | 931 | 0.9 |  | 722 | 0.7 |  |
|  | PRO |  | | | | | 306 | 0.3 |  |
|  | ÖDP |  | | | | | 147 | 0.1 |  |
|  | MLPD |  | | | | | 141 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Informal votes | | | | 1,857 |  |  | 1,678 |  |  |
| **Total valid votes** | | | | 106,038 |  |  | 106,217 |  |  |
| **Turnout** | | | | 107,895 | 62.6 | 0.7 |  | | |
|  | CDU **gain** from Left | | **Majority** | 12,522 | 11.8 |  |  | | |

### 2009 election

| Federal election (2009): Altmark | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Notes: | | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | | | | | | | |
| Party | | Candidate | | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% |
|  | Left | Katrin Kunert | | 36,910 | 33.4 | 6.1 | 37,034 | 33.6 | 6.1 |
|  | CDU | Hans-Heinrich Jordan | | 34,501 | 31.2 | 0.1 | 33,330 | 30.2 | 3.8 |
|  | SPD | Marko Mühlstein | | 22,070 | 20.0 | 13.3 | 19,516 | 17.7 | 15.3 |
|  | FDP | Gabriele Hauptstein | | 6,558 | 5.9 | 2.5 | 9,725 | 8.8 | 2.5 |
|  | Greens | Eduard Stapel | | 3,725 | 3.4 | 1.1 | 5,212 | 4.7 | 1.3 |
|  | Independent | Andreas Siegmund | | 3,672 | 3.3 |  |  | | |
|  | NPD | Andy Knape | | 2,461 | 2.2 | 0.0 | 2,318 | 2.1 | 0.1 |
|  | Pirates |  | | | | | 2,422 | 2.2 |  |
|  | DVU |  | | | | | 449 | 0.4 |  |
|  | Independent | Wiltrud Dettmer | | 274 | 0.2 |  |  | | |
|  | Independent | Harald Bresch | | 257 | 0.2 |  |  | | |
|  | MLPD |  | | | | | 232 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| Informal votes | | | | 2,552 |  |  | 2,742 |  |  |
| **Total valid votes** | | | | 110,428 |  |  | 110,238 |  |  |
| **Turnout** | | | | 112,980 | 61.8 | 9.8 |  | | |
|  | Left **gain** from SPD | | **Majority** | 2,409 | 2.2 |  |  | | |

52°41′19.136″N 11°32′30.995″E / 52.68864889°N 11.54194306°E / 52.68864889; 11.54194306

## InfoBox

| 66 Altmark – Jerichower Land | |
| --- | --- |
| Electoral district
for the Bundestag | |
| Altmark – Jerichower Land in 2025 | |
| State | Saxony-Anhalt |
| Population | 194,400 (2019) |
| Electorate | 159,998 (2021) |
| Major settlements | Stendal
Salzwedel
Burg bei Magdeburg |
| Area | 6,275.6 km2 |
| Current electoral district | |
| Created | 1990 |
| Party | SPD |
| Member | Herbert Wollmann |
| Elected | 2021 |


title: 1861 in Norway

abstract: Events in the year 1861 in Norway.

text:
# 1861 in Norway

Events in the year **1861 in Norway**.

## Incumbents

## Events

## Arts and literature

* *Ferdaminni fraa Sumaren 1860* (A remembrance of a journey in the summer 1860) was written by Aasmund Olavsson Vinje.

## Births

### Full date unknown

## Deaths

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Centuries: |  |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: | 1861 in Sweden<br>List of years in Norway |


title: Alura people

abstract: The Alura are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Northern Territory.

text:
# Alura people

The **Alura** are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Northern Territory.

## Country

The Alura inhabited the area, estimated at 900 square miles (2,300 km2), around the northern side of the lower Victorian river and extending east from its mouth towards the vicinity of Bradshaw.

## Social organisation

According to the early ethnographer Robert Hamilton Mathews, the Alura had an eight-section class system of the type he called *Wombya*.

## Language

There is no linguistic data available on the Alura people.

## Alternative names

### Citations

1. Tindale 1974, p. 220.
2. Mathews 1900, pp. 494–501, 498.
3. N5 Alura at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
4. Mathews 1900, p. 498.

## Sources

* Mathews, R. H. (July–September 1900). "Wombya organization of the Australian aborigines". *American Anthropologist*. **2** (3): 494–501. doi:10.1525/aa.1900.2.3.02a00050. JSTOR 658964.
* Spencer, Baldwin (1914). *Native tribes of the Northern Territory of Australia* (PDF). London: Macmillan Publishers.
* Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). "Alura (NT)". *Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names*. Australian National University Press. ISBN 978-0-7081-0741-6. Archived from the original on 20 March 2020.


title: Eats Darkness

abstract: Eats Darkness is Apostle of Hustle's third studio LP, released on May 19, 2009 to generally positive reviews. According to Andrew Whiteman, the album is "a serial poem about some struggles people go through. Battles, from the macro to the micro. Songs about tactics and attitudes needed in 'life during wartime'. Each track is like tapas at the banquet of conflict. A small contribution to the articulation of a fucked and beautiful world."

text:
# Eats Darkness

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 57/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| PopMatters |  |
| Pitchfork Media | (5.9/10) |
| Crawdaddy! | (favorable) |
| CHARTattack |  |
| *Metro News* |  |

***Eats Darkness*** is Apostle of Hustle's third studio LP, released on May 19, 2009 to generally positive reviews. According to Andrew Whiteman, the album is "a serial poem about some struggles people go through. Battles, from the macro to the micro. Songs about tactics and attitudes needed in 'life during wartime'. Each track is like tapas at the banquet of conflict. A small contribution to the articulation of a fucked and beautiful world."

## Track listing

1. "Snakes" – 0:29
2. "Eazy Speaks" – 3:19
3. "Soul Unwind" – 5:29
4. "Sign" – 1:21
5. "Perfect Fit" – 3:22
6. "Xerses" – 4:28
7. "What Are You Talking About?" – 0:24
8. "Whistle in the Fog" – 4:23
9. "Eats Darkness" – 2:58
10. "Return to Sender" – 0:55
11. "How to Defeat a More Powerful Enemy" – 3:13
12. "Nobody Bought It" – 1:11
13. "Blackberry" – 4:12

## InfoBox

| Eats Darkness | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Apostle of Hustle | |
| Released | May 19, 2009 |
| Genre | Indie rock |
| Length | 35:44 |
| Label | Arts & Crafts |
| Producer | Martin Davis Kinack |
| Apostle of Hustle chronology | |
| *National Anthem of Nowhere*
(2007) ***Eats Darkness***
(2009) | |


title: Eatwell Guide

abstract: The Eatwell Guide is a pictorial summary of the main food groups and their recommended proportions for a healthy diet. It is the method for illustrating dietary advice by the Public Health England, issued officially by the Government of the United Kingdom. The Eatwell Guide was previously known as the Eatwell Plate and as The Balance of Good Health. The Eatwell Plate was superseded by the Eatwell Guide published on 17 March 2016.

text:
# Eatwell Guide

The **Eatwell Guide** is a pictorial summary of the main food groups and their recommended proportions for a healthy diet. It is the method for illustrating dietary advice by the Public Health England, issued officially by the Government of the United Kingdom.

The Eatwell Guide was previously known as the Eatwell Plate and as The Balance of Good Health. The Eatwell Plate was superseded by the Eatwell Guide published on 17 March 2016.

## Recommendations

The types of food are split into five categories:

* Plenty of fruit and vegetables (at least seven portions a day). 2–3
* Plenty of potatoes, bread, rice, pasta and other starchy foods. 2–3
* Some milk and dairy and/or calcium fortified soy milk. 2–3
* Some meat, fish, eggs and/or non-dairy sources of protein (like beans and pulses). 2–3
* Only a small amount of high fat/sugar foods. 1–2

There is also advice on limiting the salt intake, and drinking at least 6–8 glasses of water, or unsweetened beverages, per day, while avoiding soda pops and soft drinks high in sugar.


title: Alveslohe

abstract: Alveslohe is a municipality in the district of Segeberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

text:
# Alveslohe

**Alveslohe** is a municipality in the district of Segeberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

## InfoBox

| Alveslohe | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location of Alveslohe within Segeberg district | |
| Alveslohe Alveslohe | |
| Coordinates: 53°46′N 9°55′E / 53.767°N 9.917°E / 53.767; 9.917 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Schleswig-Holstein |
| District | Segeberg |
| Municipal assoc. | Auenland Südholstein |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Peter Kroll |
| Area | |
| Total | 21.56 km2 (8.32 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 28 m (92 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 2,814 |
| Density | 130/km2 (340/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 25486 |
| Dialling codes | 04191, 04193 |
| Vehicle registration | SE |
| Website | www.kaltenkirchen-land.de |


title: Amaracarpus

abstract: Amaracarpus is a genus of shrubs, treelets or trees in the family Rubiaceae. It was described by Carl Ludwig Blume in 1826. Most of the species are endemic to New Guinea but a few have wider ranges in Southeast Asia from Myanmar (Burma) and the Andaman Islands across Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Melanesia, Christmas Island, Queensland and Vanuatu. One species also occurs in the Seychelles. Several species were published years ago but are today not represented by any type specimens or other known existing material.

text:
# Amaracarpus

***Amaracarpus*** is a genus of shrubs, treelets or trees in the family Rubiaceae. It was described by Carl Ludwig Blume in 1826. Most of the species are endemic to New Guinea but a few have wider ranges in Southeast Asia from Myanmar (Burma) and the Andaman Islands across Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Melanesia, Christmas Island, Queensland and Vanuatu. One species also occurs in the Seychelles. Several species were published years ago but are today not represented by any type specimens or other known existing material.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Amaracarpus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Rubiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Rubioideae |
| Tribe: | Psychotrieae |
| Genus: | *Amaracarpus*
Blume |
|
| Type species | |
| *Amaracarpus pubescens*
Blume | |
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: East Molokai Volcano

abstract: The East Molokai Volcano, sometimes also known as Wailau for the Wailau valley on its north side, is an extinct shield volcano comprising the eastern two-thirds of the island of Molokaʻi in the U.S. state of Hawaii.

text:
# East Molokai Volcano

The **East Molokai Volcano**, sometimes also known as **Wailau** for the Wailau valley on its north side, is an extinct shield volcano comprising the eastern two-thirds of the island of Molokaʻi in the U.S. state of Hawaii.

## Description

The East Molokai has a width of 70 km (43 mi) and a length of 150 km (93 mi). It is overlapped by the West Molokai, Lanai and Haleakalā shield volcanoes. Its shield formation began two million years ago and ended 1.5 million years ago whereas its postshield eruptions occurred 1.5 to 1.3 million years ago. The pahoehoe shield volcano of the Kalaupapa Peninsula postdates the main shield volcano of East Molokai and is considered to represent the last volcanic phase of East Molokai.

East Molokai was one of the seven principal volcanoes, along with West Molokai, Lānaʻi, West Maui, East Maui, Penguin Bank and Kahoʻolawe, that formerly constituted the island of Maui Nui.

The highest point is the peak called Kamakou on the southern rim, at 21°6′23″N 156°52′5″W / 21.10639°N 156.86806°W / 21.10639; -156.86806 (Kamakou). The Pēpēʻōpae bog is just below the rim.

The northern flank of the volcano has been truncated by enormous cliffs rising 900 m (3,000 ft) from the sea. The sea cliffs were formed when the northern third of the East Molokai Volcano suddenly collapsed and slid off into the sea, about 1.4 million years ago. The landslide was so fast and powerful that it extended 190 km (120 mi) into the sea, and generated a 600 m (2,000 ft)-high megatsunami that inundated the rest of Molokai and severely damaged the surrounding Hawaiian Islands before eventually reaching the coastlines of California and Mexico.

## InfoBox

| East Molokai Volcano | |
| --- | --- |
| Wailau | |
| Aerial photo of the southwestern flank of East Molokai Volcano | |
|  | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 1,512 m (4,961 ft) |
| Coordinates | 21°07′N 156°50′W / 21.11°N 156.84°W / 21.11; -156.84 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Molokai, Hawaii,<br>United States |
| Parent range | Hawaiian Islands |
| Geology | |
| Mountain type | Shield volcano |
| Volcanic arc/belt | Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain |


title: East Missoula, Montana

abstract: East Missoula is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Missoula County, Montana, United States. It is part of the Missoula metropolitan area. The population was 2,465 at the 2020 census, up from 2,157 in 2010.

text:
# East Missoula, Montana

**East Missoula** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Missoula County, Montana, United States. It is part of the Missoula metropolitan area. The population was 2,465 at the 2020 census, up from 2,157 in 2010.

## Geography

East Missoula is located in central Missoula County at 46°52′30″N 113°56′29″W / 46.87500°N 113.94139°W / 46.87500; -113.94139 (46.875110, -113.941269). It is bordered to the west by the city of Missoula. The Clark Fork River borders the community to the east, across which is an exclave of Missoula. Former U.S. Route 10 and Montana Highway 200 pass through the center of East Missoula, while Interstate 90 runs along the southern edge of the community, with access from Exit 107.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the East Missoula CDP has a total area of 1.25 square miles (3.2 km2), of which 1.21 square miles (3.1 km2) are land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2), or 3.29%, are water.

### Climate

This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, East Missoula has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1980 | 1,707 |  |  |
| 2000 | 2,070 |  |  |
| 2010 | 2,156 |  | 4.2% |
| 2020 | 2,465 |  | 14.3% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the census of 2010, there were 2,157 people, 795 households, and 519 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,514.1 inhabitants per square mile (584.6/km2). There were 828 housing units at an average density of 605.6 per square mile (233.8/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.57% White, 0.34% African American, 3.24% Native American, 0.48% Asian, 0.24% from other races, and 2.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.64% of the population.

There were 795 households, out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.6% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.6% were non-families. 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 24.3% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 31.8% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.2 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $27,094, and the median income for a family was $38,464. Males had a median income of $26,150 versus $18,000 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,333. About 7.6% of families and 13.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.0% of those under age 18 and 8.8% of those age 65 or over.

## Education

A portion of East Missoula is in Bonner Elementary School District while the other portion is in Missoula Elementary School District. All of it is in Missoula High School District.

1. "2023 U.S. Gazetteer Files: Montana". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
2. "P1. Race – East Missoula CDP, Montana: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved May 31, 2024.
3. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
4. Climate Summary for East Missoula, Montana
5. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
6. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
7. "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Missoula County, MT" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 13, 2024.

## InfoBox

| East Missoula, Montana | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| East Missoula, Montana | |
| Location in Missoula County and the state of Montana | |
| Coordinates: 46°52′30″N 113°56′29″W / 46.87500°N 113.94139°W / 46.87500; -113.94139 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Montana |
| County | Missoula |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.25 sq mi (3.23 km2) |
| Land | 1.21 sq mi (3.12 km2) |
| Water | 0.04 sq mi (0.11 km2) |
| Elevation | 3,264 ft (995 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 2,465 |
| Time zone | UTC-7 (Mountain (MST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-6 (MDT) |
| ZIP code | 59802 (Missoula) |
| Area code | 406 |
| FIPS code | 30-23200 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0782938 |


title: Amandine Hesse

abstract: Amandine Hesse is a French professional tennis player. Hesse has won six singles and eight doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. On 9 May 2016, she reached her career-high WTA singles ranking of world No. 154. On 2 May 2016, she peaked at No. 108 in the WTA doubles rankings. Playing for the France Fed Cup team, Hesse has accumulated a win–loss record of 3–1.

text:
# Amandine Hesse

**Amandine Hesse** (French pronunciation: \[amɑ̃din ɛs\]; born 16 January 1993) is a French professional tennis player.

Hesse has won six singles and eight doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. On 9 May 2016, she reached her career-high WTA singles ranking of world No. 154. On 2 May 2016, she peaked at No. 108 in the WTA doubles rankings.

Playing for the France Fed Cup team, Hesse has accumulated a win–loss record of 3–1.

## Personal life

Amandine Hesse was born in Montauban and started playing tennis at the age of five. She is coached by father, Yannick Hesse. Her mother's name is Nicole. She has two half-sisters, Géraldine and Stéphanie.

## Grand Slam performance timelines

Key
| **W** | F | SF | QF | #R | RR | Q# | DNQ | A | NH |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

(W) winner; (F) finalist; (SF) semifinalist; (QF) quarterfinalist; (#R) rounds 4, 3, 2, 1; (RR) round-robin stage; (Q#) qualification round; (DNQ) did not qualify; (A) absent; (NH) not held; (SR) strike rate (events won / competed); (W–L) win–loss record.  To avoid confusion and double counting, these charts are updated at the conclusion of a tournament or when the player's participation has ended.

### Singles

| Tournament | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | W–L |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Australian Open | A | A | A | A | Q2 | Q2 | A | Q2 | A | A | Q1 | 0–0 |
| French Open | Q1 | Q1 | 1R | 2R | 1R | 1R | 1R | A | Q1 | A | A | 1–5 |
| Wimbledon | A | A | A | A | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q2 | NH | A | A | 0–0 |
| US Open | A | A | 1R | Q2 | Q2 | 1R | Q1 | A | A | Q1 | A | 0–2 |
| Win–loss | 0–0 | 0–0 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 0–1 | 0–2 | 0–1 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 1–7 |

### Doubles

| Tournament | 2008 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | W–L |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Australian Open | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | 0–0 |
| French Open | 1R | A | 1R | 2R | 1R | 1R | 1R | 1R | 1R | 1R | A | 1–9 |
| Wimbledon | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | NH | A | A | 0–0 |
| US Open | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | 0–0 |
| Win–loss | 0–1 | 0–0 | 0–1 | 1–1 | 0–1 | 0–1 | 0–1 | 0–1 | 0–1 | 0–1 | 0–0 | 1–9 |

## ITF Circuit finals

### Singles: 16 (6 titles, 10 runner–ups)

| Legend  $50/60,000 tournaments  $25,000 tournaments  $10,000 tournaments | Finals by surface  Hard (4–6)  Clay (2–4) |
| --- | --- |

| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Loss | 0–1 | Aug 2010 | ITF Tampere, Finland | 10,000 | Clay | Alizé Lim | 4–6, 3–6 |
| Loss | 0–2 | Jan 2012 | ITF Saint Martin, France | 10,000 | Hard | Yasmin Schnack | 7–6(4), 2–6, 1–6 |
| Win | 1–2 | Jan 2012 | ITF Le Gosier, France | 10,000 | Hard | Pauline Payet | 7–5, 6–1 |
| Loss | 1–3 | Aug 2012 | ITF Vienna, Austria | 10,000 | Clay | Barbara Haas | 1–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 1–4 | Dec 2012 | ITF Djibouti City | 10,000 | Hard | Melanie Klaffner | 6–4, 5–7, 2–6 |
| Loss | 1–5 | Mar 2013 | ITF Netanya, Israel | 10,000 | Hard | Aliaksandra Sasnovich | 2–6, 5–7 |
| Loss | 1–6 | Sep 2013 | ITF Rotterdam, Netherlands | 10,000 | Clay | Bernarda Pera | 6–1, 3–6, 5–7 |
| Win | 2–6 | Nov 2013 | ITF Équeurdreville, France | 25,000 | Hard (i) | Timea Bacsinszky | 7–6(5), 3–6, 6–4 |
| Win | 3–6 | Dec 2013 | ITF Madrid, Spain | 25,000 | Hard | Eva Birnerová | 4–6, 6–0, 6–2 |
| Loss | 3–7 | Oct 2015 | ITF Victoria, Mexico | 50,000 | Hard | Elise Mertens | 4–6, 3–6 |
| Loss | 3–8 | Jun 2017 | Internacional de Barcelona, Spain | 60,000 | Clay | Daniela Seguel | 6–3, 6–7(5), 6–7(3) |
| Loss | 3–9 | Mar 2018 | ITF Gwalior, India | 25,000 | Hard | Ankita Raina | 2–6, 5–7 |
| Win | 4–9 | Jun 2018 | ITF Madrid, Spain | 25,000 | Clay (i) | Martina di Giuseppe | 7–6(3), 4–6, 7–5 |
| Loss | 4–10 | Nov 2018 | Open Nantes Atlantique, France | 25,000 | Hard (i) | Timea Bacsinszky | 4–6, 6–3, 1–6 |
| Win | 5–10 | Jun 2021 | ITF Madrid, Spain | 25,000 | Hard | Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro | 4–6, 5–7 |
| Win | 6–10 | Sep 2021 | ITF Saint-Palais-sur-Mer, France | 25,000 | Clay | Anna Danilina | 6–3, 6–4 |

### Doubles: 23 (8 titles, 15 runner–ups)

| Legend  $100,000 tournaments  $80,000 tournaments  $50/60,000 tournaments  $25,000 tournaments  $10/15,000 tournaments | Finals by surface  Hard (5–8)  Clay (3–7) |
| --- | --- |

| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Loss | 0–1 | Nov 2009 | ITF Le Havre, France | 10,000 | Clay (i) | Alizé Lim | Mihaela Buzărnescu
Marina Melnikova | 2–6, 6–7(4) |
| Loss | 0–2 | Jun 2010 | Open de Montpellier, France | 25,000 | Clay | Lyudmyla Kichenok | Lu Jingjing
Laura Siegemund | 4–6, 2–6 |
| Loss | 0–3 | Aug 2010 | ITF Tampere, Finland | 10,000 | Clay | Monika Tůmová | Irina Kuzmina
Diāna Marcinkēviča | 4–6, 2–6 |
| Loss | 0–4 | Jan 2012 | ITF Saint Martin, Guadeloupe | 10,000 | Hard | Marion Gaud | Sherazad Benamar
Brandy Mina | 4–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 0–5 | Dec 2012 | ITF Djibouti City | 10,000 | Hard | Chloé Paquet | Diana Bogoliy
Yana Sizikova | 3–6, 6–3, \[8–10\] |
| Loss | 0–6 | Dec 2012 | ITF Djibouti City | 10,000 | Hard | Chloé Paquet | Diana Bogoliy
Yana Sizikova | 7–5, 4–6, \[4–10\] |
| Win | 1–6 | Jul 2013 | Contrexéville Open, France | 50,000 | Clay | Vanesa Furlanetto | Ana Konjuh
Silvia Njirić | 7–6(3), 6–4 |
| Loss | 1–7 | Jul 2013 | ITF Les Contamines, France | 25,000 | Hard | Vanesa Furlanetto | Nicole Clerico
Nikola Fraňková | 6–3, 6–7(5), \[8–10\] |
| Loss | 1–8 | Aug 2013 | ITF Wanfercée-Baulet, Belgium | 10,000 | Clay | Deniz Khazaniuk | Tatiana Búa
Daniela Seguel | 4–6, 2–6 |
| Win | 2–8 | Sep 2013 | ITF Rotterdam, Netherlands | 10,000 | Clay | Demi Schuurs | Elke Lemmens
Sviatlana Pirazhenka | 3–6, 7–5, \[10–4\] |
| Win | 3–8 | Oct 2014 | Open de Touraine, France | 50,000 | Hard (i) | Stéphanie Foretz | Alberta Brianti
Maria Elena Camerin | def. |
| Loss | 3–9 | Nov 2014 | Open Nantes Atlantique, France | 50,000+H | Hard (i) | Stéphanie Foretz | Lyudmyla Kichenok
Nadiia Kichenok | 2–6, 3–6 |
| Loss | 3–10 | Apr 2015 | ITF Cairo, Egypt | 15,000 | Clay | Marine Partaud | Barbara Haas
Sandra Samir | 6–0, 4–6, \[7–10\] |
| Loss | 3–11 | Nov 2015 | Internationaux de Poitiers, France | 100,000 | Hard (i) | Stéphanie Foretz | Andreea Mitu
Monica Niculescu | 7–6(5), 6–7(2), \[8–10\] |
| Loss | 3–12 | Oct 2016 | ITF Équeurdreville, France | 25,000 | Hard (i) | An-Sophie Mestach | Cornelia Lister
Polina Monova | 5–7, 6–4, \[6–10\] |
| Win | 4–12 | Jul 2017 | ITS Cup, Czech Republic | 80,000+H | Clay | Victoria Rodríguez | Michaela Hončová
Raluca Șerban | 3–6, 6–2, \[10–6\] |
| Loss | 4–13 | Sep 2019 | Zagreb Ladies Open, Croatia | 60,000+H | Clay | Daniela Seguel | Anna Bondár
Paula Ormaechea | 5–7, 5–7 |
| Win | 5–13 | Oct 2019 | Internationaux de Poitiers, France | 80,000 | Hard (i) | Harmony Tan | Tayisiya Morderger
Yana Morderger | 6–4, 6–2 |
| Win | 6–13 | Feb 2020 | Open de l'Isère, France | 25,000 | Hard (i) | Elixane Lechemia | Samantha Murray Sharan
Julia Wachaczyk | 6–3, 4–6, \[13–11\] |
| Loss | 6–14 | Jan 2021 | ITF Hamburg, Germany | 25,000 | Hard (i) | Kimberley Zimmermann | Anna Bondár
Tereza Mihalíková | 4–6, 4–6 |
| Win | 7–14 | Apr 2021 | ITF Calvi, France | 25,000 | Hard | Lina Gjorcheska | Audrey Albié
Léolia Jeanjean | 7–5, 6–4 |
| Loss | 7–15 | Aug 2021 | ITF Collonge-Bellerive, Switzerland | 60,000 | Clay | Tatjana Maria | Amina Anshba
Anastasia Gasanova | 1–6, 7–6(6), \[8–10\] |
| Win | 8–15 | Oct 2021 | ITF Le Neubourg, France | 80,000+H | Hard | Robin Anderson | Estelle Cascino
Sarah Beth Grey | 6–3, 7–6(2) |

## InfoBox

Amandine Hesse
| Hesse at the 2023 Wimbledon qualifying tournament | |
| --- | --- |
| Country (sports) | France |
| Residence | Vaucresson, France |
| Born | (1993-01-16) 16 January 1993
Montauban, France |
| Height | 1.64 m (5 ft 5 in) |
| Turned pro | 2007 |
| Plays | Right (two-handed backhand) |
| Prize money | US$ 958,079 |
| Singles | |
| Career record | 419–379 |
| Career titles | 6 ITF |
| Highest ranking | No. 154 (9 May 2016) |
| Current ranking | No. 245 (29 July 2024) |
| Grand Slam singles results | |
| Australian Open | Q2 (2016, 2017, 2019) |
| French Open | 2R (2015) |
| Wimbledon | Q2 (2019) |
| US Open | 1R (2014, 2017) |
| Doubles | |
| Career record | 168–171 |
| Career titles | 8 ITF |
| Highest ranking | No. 108 (2 May 2016) |
| Current ranking | No. 490 (29 July 2024) |
| Grand Slam doubles results | |
| French Open | 2R (2015) |
| Grand Slam mixed doubles results | |
| French Open | QF (2019) |
| Team competitions | |
| Fed Cup | 3–1 |
| Last updated on: 29 July 2024. | |


abstract: Ecuador is set to compete at the 2023 World Aquatics Championships in Fukuoka, Japan from 14 to 30 July.

text:
# Ecuador at the 2023 World Aquatics Championships

**Ecuador** is set to compete at the 2023 World Aquatics Championships in Fukuoka, Japan from 14 to 30 July.

## Open water swimming

Ecuador entered 2 open water swimmers.

Men

| Athlete | Event | Time | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Esteban Enderica | Men's 5 km | 56:49.5 | 19 |
| | Men's 10 km | 1:53:18.7 | 15 |
| David Farinango | Men's 5 km | 56:52.8 | 24 |
| | Men's 10 km | 1:53:17.1 | 14 |

## Swimming

Ecuador entered 2 swimmers.

Men

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Tomas Peribonio | 100 metre breaststroke | 1:02.90 **NR** | 42 | Did not advance | | | |
| | 200 metre individual medley | 2:01.14 | 22 | Did not advance | | | |

Women

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Rank | Time | Rank | Time | Rank |
| Anicka Delgado | 50 metre freestyle | 25.55 | 30 | Did not advance | | | |
| | 100 metre freestyle | 55.57 | 27 | Did not advance | | | |

## InfoBox

| Ecuador at the<br>2023 World Aquatics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Flag of Ecuador | |
| FINA code | ECU |
| National federation | Federación Ecuatoriana de Natación |
| Website | fena-ecuador.org |
| in Fukuoka, Japan | |
| Competitors | 4 in 2 sports |
| World Aquatics Championships appearances | |
|  | |


title: Anacasta biplagiata

abstract: Anacasta biplagiata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940. It is known from Malaysia.

text:
# Anacasta biplagiata

***Anacasta biplagiata*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940. It is known from Malaysia.

## InfoBox

| *Anacasta biplagiata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Anacasta* |
| Species: | ***A. biplagiata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Anacasta biplagiata***<br>Breuning, 1940 | |
|