title: Economy of Balochistan, Pakistan

abstract: The economy of Balochistan, one of the four provinces of Pakistan, is largely based upon the production of natural gas, coal, and minerals. Agriculture and livestock also dominate the Baloch economy. Horticultural development is a fairly recent, yet growing phenomenon. Other important economic sectors include fisheries, mining, manufacturing industries, trade and other services being rendered by public and private sector organizations in the province. Outside Quetta, the infrastructure of the province is gradually developing but still lags far behind other parts of the country. Tourism remains limited but has increased due to the exotic appeal of the province. Limited farming in the east as well as fishing along the southern Arabian Sea coastline are other forms of income and sustenance for the local populations. Due to the tribal lifestyle of many Pashtun, Baloch and Brahui people, animal husbandry is important, as are trading bazaars found throughout the province. Pakistan heavily depends on imported oil, and when global crude oil prices rise, it exerts an adverse influence on the regional economy. Though the province remains largely underdeveloped, there are currently several major development projects in progress in Balochistan, including the construction of a new deep sea port at the strategically important town of Gwadar. The port is projected to be the hub of an energy and trade corridor to and from China and the Central Asian republics. Further west is the Mirani Dam multipurpose project, on the Dasht River, 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of Turbat in the Makran Division. It will provide dependable irrigation supplies for the development of agriculture and add more than 35,000 km⁲ of arable land. There is also Chinese investments in the nearby Saindak gold and copper mining project. One of the world's largest copper deposits have been found at Reko Diq in the Chagai District of Balochistan. Reko Diq is a giant mining project in Chaghi. The main license (EL5) is held jointly by the Government of Balochistan (25%), Antofagasta Minerals (37.5%) and Barrick Gold (37.5%). The deposits at Reko Diq are hoped to be even bigger than those of Sarcheshmeh in Iran and Escondida in Chile. BHP Billiton, the world's largest copper mining company, began the project in cooperation with the Australian firm Tethyan, entering into a joint venture with the Balochistan government. The potential annual copper production has been estimated to be 900,000 to 2.2 million tons. The deposits seem to be largely of porphyry rock nature. In the south east Lasbela District oil refinery has been constructed in 2014, oil refinery capable of processing 120,000 barrels of oil. Furthermore, a power station is located adjacent to refinery, that produces about 1350 MW of power. Several Cement plant is also located there. Marble factory is also located. Also one of the world largest ship breaking yard is located in Lesbella coast Also in 2015 a motorway has begun construction South West in Gwadar District to Quetta then to Ratodero this motorway will connected many towns into major high ways and cities. Also in 2015 the northern city of Quetta a freight service is being commenced to Iranian city of Zahedan this service will give better opportunities to business community and locals. Not only that the local traders will be given special concession. In late 2015, a $1 billion construction order had taken place to further develop and construct a port in the south west, this also includes vocational institute related with the port and in time a business area. Also in early 2016 ferry service connecting Iran with Gwadar set to begin. Overall spending in infrastructure construction, energy expansion, and routes development would unshackle bottle necks to drive connectivity, trade and growth. Balochistan remains at the bottom of the human development index. As per available data, 85 per cent of the population has no access to safe drinking water, around 75 per cent is deprived of access to electricity, 70 per cent do not have access to education and 63 per cent are living below the poverty line. Pakistan failed to provide basic facilities to the people of Balochistan province, despite being rich in natural resources, the people of this region are living in very poor conditions. Balochistan is still politically and economically the most excluded of all the provinces of Pakistan. The situation in Pakistan's Balochistan province is dire. Basic necessities, such as access to education for children, have not been adequately provided by the Pakistani government. Consequently, this lack of essential services has hindered the economic development of Balochistan.

text:
# Economy of Balochistan, Pakistan

The **economy of Balochistan**, one of the four provinces of Pakistan, is largely based upon the production of natural gas, coal, and minerals. Agriculture and livestock also dominate the Baloch economy. Horticultural development is a fairly recent, yet growing phenomenon. Other important economic sectors include fisheries, mining, manufacturing industries, trade and other services being rendered by public and private sector organizations in the province.

Outside Quetta, the infrastructure of the province is gradually developing but still lags far behind other parts of the country. Tourism remains limited but has increased due to the exotic appeal of the province. Limited farming in the east as well as fishing along the southern Arabian Sea coastline are other forms of income and sustenance for the local populations. Due to the tribal lifestyle of many Pashtun, Baloch and Brahui people, animal husbandry is important, as are trading bazaars found throughout the province. Pakistan heavily depends on imported oil, and when global crude oil prices rise, it exerts an adverse influence on the regional economy.

Though the province remains largely underdeveloped, there are currently several major development projects in progress in Balochistan, including the construction of a new deep sea port at the strategically important town of Gwadar. The port is projected to be the hub of an energy and trade corridor to and from China and the Central Asian republics.

Further west is the Mirani Dam multipurpose project, on the Dasht River, 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of Turbat in the Makran Division. It will provide dependable irrigation supplies for the development of agriculture and add more than 35,000 km2 of arable land. There is also Chinese investments in the nearby Saindak gold and copper mining project.

One of the world's largest copper deposits (and its matrix-associated residual gold) have been found at Reko Diq in the Chagai District of Balochistan. Reko Diq is a giant mining project in Chaghi. The main license (EL5) is held jointly by the Government of Balochistan (25%), Antofagasta Minerals (37.5%) and Barrick Gold (37.5%). The deposits at Reko Diq are hoped to be even bigger than those of Sarcheshmeh in Iran and Escondida in Chile (presently, the second and the third largest proven deposits of copper in the world).

BHP Billiton, the world's largest copper mining company, began the project in cooperation with the Australian firm Tethyan, entering into a joint venture with the Balochistan government. The potential annual copper production has been estimated to be 900,000 to 2.2 million tons. The deposits seem to be largely of porphyry rock nature.

In the south east Lasbela District oil refinery has been constructed in 2014, oil refinery capable of processing 120,000 barrels of oil. Furthermore, a power station is located adjacent to refinery, that produces about 1350 MW of power. Several Cement plant is also located there. Marble factory is also located. Also one of the world largest ship breaking yard is located in Lesbella coast

Also in 2015 a motorway has begun construction South West in Gwadar District to Quetta then to Ratodero this motorway will connected many towns into major high ways and cities. Also in 2015 the northern city of Quetta a freight service is being commenced to Iranian city of Zahedan this service will give better opportunities to business community and locals. Not only that the local traders will be given special concession.

In late 2015, a $1 billion construction order had taken place to further develop and construct a port in the south west, this also includes vocational institute related with the port and in time a business area. Also in early 2016 ferry service connecting Iran with Gwadar set to begin. Overall spending in infrastructure construction, energy expansion, and routes development would unshackle bottle necks to drive connectivity, trade and growth.

Balochistan remains at the bottom of the human development index. As per available data, 85 per cent of the population has no access to safe drinking water, around 75 per cent is deprived of access to electricity, 70 per cent do not have access to education and 63 per cent are living below the poverty line.

Pakistan failed to provide basic facilities to the people of Balochistan province, despite being rich in natural resources, the people of this region are living in very poor conditions. Balochistan is still politically and economically the most excluded of all the provinces of Pakistan.

The situation in Pakistan's Balochistan province is dire. Basic necessities, such as access to education for children, have not been adequately provided by the Pakistani government. Consequently, this lack of essential services has hindered the economic development of Balochistan.


title: EcoProfit

abstract:
ECOPROFIT was developed in 1991 in Graz, Austria by the Environmental Office of the City of Graz and Graz University of Technology. ECOPROFIT is a cooperative approach between the regional authority and local companies with the goal of reducing cost for waste, raw materials, water, and energy. Reductions in these areas also reduce environmental aspects of businesses. The model addresses production companies as well as hospitals, hotels, service companies and tradespeople. Important elements of ECOPROFIT are workshops in Cleaner production and individual consulting by experienced consultants. After the first year the companies are audited and receive an official award by the City. A number of companies at the same time goes for certification according to ISO 14001. Additionally, most of the companies join the so-called ECOPROFIT CLUB. In regular workshop meetings they receive an exchange of experience and update their knowledge on environmental law and new organisational and technical development. The companies also receive support by consultants in the identification and implementation of new measures. The ECOPROFIT approach as a model of cooperation of the community with regional companies is used in 19 countries on 4 continents.
  - Austria,
  - Germany,
  - Slovenia,
  - Italy (Modena),
  - Hungary (Pécs),
  - India (Gurgaon),
  - Colombia,
  - Korea,
  - China (Panzhihua) and further more. More than 5.000 companies worldwide participate in ECOPROFIT projects, most of them in Austria and Germany. In Graz, a city with 260.000 inhabitants, until today, on an annual basis approximately 2 million Euros are saved. Results include: 100.000 m³ of water, 2 GWh electricity, 0,5 GWhs of process heat, 700 tons of solid waste. This makes Ecoprofit an important means to reduce the industrial contribution to Global warming. In the German projects, more than 100.000 tons of carbon dioxide are saved annually.

text:
# EcoProfit

**ECOPROFIT** (in full **Ecological Project for Integrated Environmental Protection**, in German **Ökoprofit**) was developed in 1991 in Graz, Austria by the Environmental Office of the City of Graz and Graz University of Technology.

ECOPROFIT is a cooperative approach between the regional authority and local companies with the goal of reducing cost for waste, raw materials, water, and energy. Reductions in these areas also reduce environmental aspects of businesses. The model addresses production companies as well as hospitals, hotels, service companies and tradespeople.

Important elements of ECOPROFIT are workshops in Cleaner production and individual consulting by experienced consultants. After the first year the companies are audited (legal compliance, environmental performance, environmental programme) and receive an official award by the City. A number of companies at the same time goes for certification according to ISO 14001.

Additionally, most of the companies join the so-called ECOPROFIT CLUB. In regular workshop meetings they receive an exchange of experience and update their knowledge on environmental law and new organisational and technical development. The companies also receive support by consultants in the identification and implementation of new measures.

The ECOPROFIT approach as a model of cooperation of the community with regional companies is used in 19 countries on 4 continents.

More than 5.000 companies worldwide participate in ECOPROFIT projects, most of them in Austria and Germany.

In Graz, a city with 260.000 inhabitants, until today, on an annual basis approximately 2 million Euros are saved. Results include (as of 2002, first year savings): 100.000 m³ of water, 2 GWh electricity, 0,5 GWhs of process heat, 700 tons of solid waste. This makes Ecoprofit an important means to reduce the industrial contribution to Global warming. In the German projects, more than 100.000 tons of carbon dioxide are saved annually.


title: EcoRV

abstract:
EcoRV is a type II restriction endonuclease isolated from certain strains of Escherichia coli. It has the alternative name Eco32I. In molecular biology, it is a commonly used restriction enzyme. It creates blunt ends. The enzyme recognizes the palindromic 6-base DNA sequence 5'-GAT|ATC-3' and makes a blunt end at the vertical line.
The complementary sequence is then 3'-CTA|TAG-5'. The ends are blunt and can be ligated into a blunt cloning site easily but with lower efficiency than sticky ends.

text:
# EcoRV

***Eco*RV** (pronounced "eco R five") is a type II restriction endonuclease isolated from certain strains of *Escherichia coli*. It has the alternative name Eco32I.

In molecular biology, it is a commonly used restriction enzyme. It creates blunt ends. The enzyme recognizes the palindromic 6-base DNA sequence 5'-GAT|ATC-3' and makes a blunt end at the vertical line. The complementary sequence is then 3'-CTA|TAG-5'. The ends are blunt and can be ligated into a blunt cloning site easily but with lower efficiency than sticky ends.

## Structure

The structure of this enzyme, and several mutants, in complex with the DNA sequence which it cuts has been solved by X-ray crystallography.

The core of the enzyme consists of a five-stranded mixed β-sheet flanked by α-helices. The core is conserved in all other type II restriction endonucleases. It also has an N-terminal dimerization subdomain formed by a short α-helix, a two-stranded antiparallel -sheet, and a long α-helix. This subdomain is found only in EcoRV and PvuII.

## Mode of action

Like EcoRI, EcoRV forms a homodimer in solution before binding and acting on its recognition sequence. Initially the enzyme binds weakly to a non-specific site on the DNA. It randomly walks along the molecule until the specific recognition site is found. EcoRV has a high specificity for its target DNA sequence.

Binding of the enzyme induces a conformational change in the DNA, bending it by about 50°. DNA bending results in the unstacking of the bases, widening of the minor groove, and compression of the major groove. This brings the phosphodiester linkage to be broken closer to the active site of the enzyme, where it can be cleaved. Cleavage occurs within the recognition sequence, and does *not* require ATP hydrolysis.

EcoRV is the only type II restriction endonuclease known to cause a major protein-induced conformational change in the DNA.

## Uses

EcoRV is often used to cut open a plasmid vector to insert a gene-of-interest during gene cloning. The enzyme is supplied by many manufacturers and requires bovine serum albumin to work properly.

* EcoRI, another nuclease enzyme from *E. coli*.
* EcoRII, another nuclease enzyme from *E. coli*.
* FokI, a nuclease enzyme from *Flavobacterium okeanokoites*

## InfoBox

| Restriction endonuclease EcoRV | |
| --- | --- |
| EcoRV crystal structure complexed with double-stranded DNA | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | Endonuc-EcoRV |
| Pfam | PF09233 |
| InterPro | IPR015314 |
| SCOP2 | 1sx5 / SCOPe / SUPFAM |
| Available protein structures:  Pfam structures / ECOD  PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj  PDBsum structure summary | |


title: EcoMotors

abstract:
EcoMotors was an American company developing and commercializing an opposed-piston opposed-cylinder (OPOC) engine for use in cars, light trucks, commercial vehicles, aerospace, marine, agriculture, auxiliary power units, generators, etc. This engine was promoted to significantly improve fuel efficiency, and substantially reduce production costs when compared to convententional internal combustion engines. EcoMotors was founded in 2008. Its headquarters were in Allen Park, Michigan. As of 2013, the principal officers of EcoMotors were: Prof. Peter Hofbauer, Donald Runkle and Amit Soman. The two primary investors in EcoMotors were Khosla Ventures and Bill Gates. Vinod Khosla, who founded Khosla Ventures in 2004, was a co-founder and CEO of Sun Microsystems and formerly a general partner at Kleiner Perkins. In April 2013 EcoMotors announced a deal to have Chinese auto parts giant Zhongding Power build a $200 million factory in the Anhui Province in eastern China. The factory hoped to produce 150,000 OPOC engines per year, with a further site reserved to take production to 400,000.
The engine blocks would be made of CGI and would be produced at a fully automated Zhongding foundry in Anhui by a license from Sintercast of Sweden. The production was first announced to commence in 2014 but delayed to 2016. As of February 2017 the EcoMotors web site was defunct. It's intellectual property was put up for sale with closing date in Sept. 2017.

text:
# EcoMotors

**EcoMotors** was an American company developing and commercializing an opposed-piston opposed-cylinder (OPOC) engine for use in cars, light trucks, commercial vehicles, aerospace, marine, agriculture, auxiliary power units, generators, etc. This engine was promoted to significantly improve fuel efficiency, and substantially reduce production costs when compared to convententional internal combustion engines.

EcoMotors was founded in 2008. Its headquarters were in Allen Park, Michigan.

As of 2013, the principal officers of EcoMotors were: Prof. Peter Hofbauer (chairman, chief technology officer and inventor of the OPOC engine), Donald Runkle (chief executive officer) and Amit Soman (president and chief operating officer).

The two primary investors in EcoMotors were Khosla Ventures and Bill Gates. Vinod Khosla, who founded Khosla Ventures in 2004, was a co-founder and CEO of Sun Microsystems and formerly a general partner at Kleiner Perkins.

In April 2013 EcoMotors announced a deal to have Chinese auto parts giant Zhongding Power build a $200 million factory in the Anhui Province in eastern China. The factory hoped to produce 150,000 OPOC engines per year, with a further site reserved to take production to 400,000. The engine blocks would be made of CGI (compacted graphite iron) and would be produced at a fully automated Zhongding foundry in Anhui by a license from Sintercast of Sweden. The production was first announced to commence in 2014 but delayed to 2016.

As of February 2017 the EcoMotors web site was defunct. It's intellectual property was put up for sale with closing date in Sept. 2017.

## OPOC engine

The OPOC engine is a two-stroke reciprocating internal combustion engine in which each cylinder has a piston at both ends, and no cylinder head or mechanical valvetrain. The opposed cylinder design has two cylinders, one on each side of the crankshaft, each with two pistons, for mechanical balance.

The first opposed piston engine produced was by the French company Gobron-Brillié in 1900. The engine had one crankshaft and is very similar in concept to the EcoMotors OPOC engine design, except using a camshaft and valves, and not in opposed-cylinder configuration.

The OPOC engine can be moduled with two, or more, engines coupled via an electric clutch between engines. When more power is needed the second engine is clutched in. When clutched out of service there are no friction or pumping losses from the second engine module. This arrangement in city running vehicles could have a small, highly economical engine as the prime engine and when accelerating hard, or pulling heavy loads, the second, or more, engines are clutched into service.


title: 1887 Bourke colonial by-election

text:
# 1887 Bourke colonial by-election

A by-election was held for the New South Wales Legislative Assembly electorate of Bourke on 21 January 1887 because of the resignation of both the sitting members, Russell Barton, and William Sawers. The writ however was not returned as Parliament was dissolved on 26 January 1887.

## Dates

| Date | Event |
| --- | --- |
| 2 December 1886 | Russell Barton, and William Sawers resigned. |
| 29 December 1886 | Writ of election issued by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. |
| 11 January 1887 | Nominations |
| 21 January 1887 | Polling day |
| 26 January 1887 | Parliament dissolved |
| 1 February 1887 | Writ due to be returned |

## Result

1887 Bourke by-election
Friday 21 January
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Free Trade | Thomas Waddell **(elected 1)** | 1,019 | 40.2 |  |
|  | Protectionist | William Willis **(elected 2)** | 833 | 32.9 |  |
|  | Free Trade | Alexander Wilson | 682 | 26.9 |  |
| Total formal votes | | | 2,534 |  |  |
| Informal votes | | |  |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,534 | 57.2 |  |

Both the sitting members, Russell Barton and William Sawers, resigned. The writ was not returned as the Parliament was dissolved on 26 January.

## Aftermath

The same 3 candidates contested the election on 22 February. Waddell still headed the poll however Wilson was able to gather enough votes to take the second seat over Willis.

1. "Mr Russell Barton (1830-1916)". *Former members of the Parliament of New South Wales*. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
2. "The contemplated resignation of Mr Russell Barton MLA". *The Sydney Morning Herald*. 29 November 1886. p. 8. Retrieved 29 September 2020  via Trove.
3. "Mr William Bowie Stewart Campbell Sawers (1844-1916)". *Former members of the Parliament of New South Wales*. Retrieved 13 May 2019.
4. Green, Antony. "1887 Bourke". *New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007*. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
5. "Writ of election - Bourke". *New South Wales Government Gazette*. 29 December 1886. p. 8817. Retrieved 20 April 2020  via Trove.
6. "Bourke". *The Sydney Morning Herald*. 29 January 1887. p. 9. Retrieved 20 April 2020  via Trove.


abstract: The American Collegiate Athletic Association men's basketball tournament was the annual conference basketball championship tournament for the NCAA Division III American Collegiate Athletic Association. The tournament was held annually from the conference's foundation in 2018 until its dissolution after the 2019–20 season. It was a single-elimination tournament and seeding was based on regular season records. The winner, while declared conference champion, never received an automatic bid to the NCAA Men's Division III Basketball Championship.

text:
# American Collegiate Athletic Association men's basketball tournament

The **American Collegiate Athletic Association men's basketball tournament** was the annual conference basketball championship tournament for the NCAA Division III American Collegiate Athletic Association. The tournament was held annually from the conference's foundation in 2018 until its dissolution after the 2019–20 season. It was a single-elimination tournament and seeding was based on regular season records.

The winner, while declared conference champion, never received an automatic bid to the NCAA Men's Division III Basketball Championship.

## Results

| Year | Champions | Score | Runner-up | Venue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018 | **Pine Manor** | 62–53 | Maine–Presque Isle | Chestnut Hill, MA |
| 2019 | **SUNY Delhi** | 77–75 | Alfred State | Alfred, NY |
| 2020 | **SUNY Delhi** | 94–42 | Pine Manor | Delhi, NY |

## Championship records

| School | Finals Record | Finals Appearances | Years |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| SUNY Delhi | 2–0 | 2 | 2019, 2020 |
| Pine Manor | 1–1 | 2 | 2018 |
| Alfred State | 0–1 | 1 |  |
| Maine–Presque Isle | 0–1 | 1 |  |

## InfoBox

| American Collegiate Athletic Association men's basketball tournament | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference basketball championship | |
| Sport | Basketball |
| Conference | American Collegiate Athletic Association |
| Number of teams | 4 |
| Format | Single-elimination tournament |
| Played | 2018–2020 |
| Most championships | SUNY Delhi (2) |
| Official website | ACAA men's basketball |
| Host stadiums | |
| **Campus arenas** (2018–2020) | |
| Host locations | |
| **Campus venues** (2018–2020) | |


title: 1916 Argentine general election

text:
# 1916 Argentine general election

General elections were held in Argentina on 2 April 1916. Voters elected the President, legislators, and local officials. The first secret-ballot presidential elections in the nation's history, they were mandatory and had a turnout of 62.8%. The turnout for the Chamber of Deputies election was 65.9%.

## Background

President Roque Sáenz Peña kept his word to the exiled leader of the Radical Civic Union (UCR), Hipólito Yrigoyen, who in turn abandoned his party's twenty-year-old boycott of elections. The president overcame nearly two years of conservative opposition in Congress (and pressure from his own social class) to pass in 1912 what was later known as the Sáenz Peña Law, which mandated universal male suffrage and the secret ballot. His health deteriorating quickly, the President lived to see the fruition of his reforms: the 1914 mid-term elections, which gave the UCR 19 out of the 60 Lower House seats in play (the ruling party obtained 10) and the governorship of Santa Fe Province (then the second-most important). Another beneficiary of the Sáenz Peña Law was the Socialist Party, led by Congressman Juan B. Justo. The formerly dominant PAN remained divided between the Conservative Party, led by the Governor of Buenos Aires Province, Marcelino Ugarte, and the Democratic Progressive Party, led by a reformist publisher and Congressman, Lisandro de la Torre.

Strengthened by both popular appeal and the fractiousness of its opposition, the UCR experienced dissent within from its Santa Fe Province chapter, whose endorsement Yrigoyen was unable to obtain. The Socialists lost one of its best-known lawmakers, Alfredo Palacios, who would run on a splinter Socialist ticket for several future elections. The Conservative Party's presumptive nominee, Governor Ugarte, stepped aside in favor of a lesser-known party figure, San Juan Province Governor Ángel Rojas, in a bid to attract votes from the hinterland and from moderates. President Victorino de la Plaza refused to interfere on behalf of the Conservatives (despite an assassination attempt that would have provided him with ample pretext). Refusing to back them, he fielded his own Provincial Party, which was limited mainly to his native Santiago del Estero Province. Faced with only token opposition from the remnants of the once-paramount PAN, Yrigoyen pledged to donate his salary to charity, if elected, and encouraged the rich country's impoverished majority to know him as *"the father of the poor".*

Election day, April 2, handed an unexpectedly large victory to Yrigoyen, who still had to await the results from the electoral college (which met in July). The dissident Santa Fe UCR had drained a significant number of electors from the official ticket, and Yrigoyen obtained but 133 of the body's 300 electors. Numerous Democratic Progressives, moreover, became faithless electors \- pledging their support to the Conservative Party. Santa Fe's UCR, however, resorted to the same tactic, allowing Yrigoyen its 19 electors and making the patient activist for voter rights the first democratically elected President of Argentina.

## Candidates

## President

| Presidential
candidate | Vice Presidential
candidate | Party | | Popular vote | | Electoral vote | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| Hipólito Yrigoyen | Pelagio Luna |  | Radical Civic Union (UCR) | 340.802 | 47,25 | 133 | 44,33 |
| Ángel Dolores Rojas | Juan Eugenio Serú |  | Total Rojas-Serú | 150,245 | 20.83 | 70 | 23.33 |
| | | | Conservative Party | 96,103 | 13.33 | 46 | 15.33 |
| | | | Popular Party | 16,141 | 2.24 | 7 | 2.33 |
| | | | Democratic Union | 13,921 | 1.93 | 4 | 1.33 |
| | | | Autonomist Party of Corrientes | 9,645 | 1.34 |  | |
| | | | Civic Concentration | 9,170 | 1.27 | 7 | 2.33 |
| | | | Provincial Party | 5,265 | 0.73 | 6 | 2.00 |
| Lisandro de la Torre | Alejandro Carbó |  | Total de la Torre - Carbó | 135,308 | 18.76 | 64 | 21.33 |
| | | | Democratic Progressive Party (PDP) | 115,604 | 16.03 | 49 | 16.33 |
| | | | Provincial Union | 10,909 | 1.51 | 8 | 2.67 |
| | | | Catamarca Concentration | 8,795 | 1.22 | 7 | 2.33 |
| Juan B. Justo | Nicolás Repetto |  | Socialist Party (PS) | 66.397 | 9,21 | 14 | 4,67 |
| *No candidates* | |  | Dissident Radical Civic Union | 28.116 | 3,90 | 19 | 6,33 |
| |  | Argentine Socialist Party (PSA) | 347 | 0,05 |  | |
| Total | | | | | 721.215 | 100 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Positive votes | | | | | 721.215 | 96,49 |
| Blank votes | | | | | 26.256 | 3,51 |
| Total votes | | | | | 747.471 | 100 |
| Registered voters/turnout | | | | | 1.189.254 | 62,85 |
| Sources: | | | | | | | |

### Electoral Vote

| Presidential Candidates | | Party | Electoral Votes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Hipólito Yrigoyen** | **Radical Civic Union** | **152** |
|  | Ángel Dolores Rojas | Conservative Party | 104 |
|  | Lisandro de la Torre | Democratic Progressive Party | 20 |
|  | Juan B. Justo | Socialist Party | 14 |
|  | Alejandro Carbó | Democratic Progressive Party | 8 |
| **Total voters** | | | **298** |
| Did not vote | | | 2 |
| **Total** | | | **300** |

| Vice Presidential Candidates | | Party | Electoral Votes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Pelagio Luna** | **Radical Civic Union** | **152** |
|  | Juan Eugenio Serú | Conservative Party | 103 |
|  | Alejandro Carbó | Democratic Progressive Party | 20 |
|  | Nicolás Repetto | Socialist Party | 14 |
|  | Carlos Ibarguren | Democratic Progressive Party | 8 |
|  | Julio Argentino Pascual Roca | Conservative Party | 1 |
| **Total voters** | | | **298** |
| Did not vote | | | 2 |
| **Total** | | | **300** |

### Electoral Vote by Province

| Province | President | | | | |  | Vice President | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Yrigoyen | Rojas | de la Torre | Justo | Carbó | | Luna | Serú | Carbó | Repetto | Ibarguren | Roca |
| Buenos Aires City | 30 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 14 |  |  |
| Buenos Aires | 20 | 40 |  |  |  | | 20 | 40 |  |  |  |  |
| Catamarca | 3 |  | 7 |  |  | | 3 |  | 7 |  |  |  |
| Córdoba | 18 | 7 |  |  |  | | 18 | 7 |  |  |  |  |
| Corrientes | 6 | 12 |  |  |  | | 6 | 12 |  |  |  |  |
| Entre Ríos | 15 | 7 |  |  |  | | 15 | 7 |  |  |  |  |
| Jujuy | 2 | 6 |  |  |  | | 2 | 6 |  |  |  |  |
| La Rioja | 2 | 6 |  |  |  | | 2 | 6 |  |  |  |  |
| Mendoza | 8 | 4 |  |  |  | | 8 | 3 |  |  |  | 1 |
| Salta | 4 | 8 |  |  |  | | 4 | 8 |  |  |  |  |
| San Juan | 3 | 7 |  |  |  | | 3 | 7 |  |  |  |  |
| San Luis |  | 3 | 7 |  |  | |  | 3 | 7 |  |  |  |
| Santa Fe | 19 |  |  |  | 8 | | 19 |  |  |  | 8 |  |
| Santiago del Estero | 10 | 4 |  |  |  | | 10 | 4 |  |  |  |  |
| Tucumán | 12 |  | 6 |  |  | | 12 |  | 6 |  |  |  |
| Total | 152 | 104 | 20 | 14 | 8 |  | 152 | 103 | 20 | 14 | 8 | 1 |
| Sources: | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Chamber of Deputies

| Party | | Votes | % | Seats won | Total seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Radical Civic Union (UCR) | 339,771 | 45.08 | **26** | **47** |
|  | Total Conservative Parties | 165,729 | 21.99 | **18** | **43** |
| | Conservative Party | 112,922 | 14.98 | 15 |  |
| | Popular Party | 16,394 | 2.17 |  |  |
| | Democratic Union | 15,141 | 2.01 | 1 |  |
| | Provincial Union | 11,339 | 1.50 | 2 |  |
| | Autonomist Party of Corrientes | 9,933 | 1.32 |  |  |
|  | Democratic Progressive Party (PDP) | 110,238 | 14.62 | **7** | **9** |
|  | Socialist Party (PS) | 56,204 | 7.46 | **3** | **9** |
|  | Dissident Radical Civic Union | 29,542 | 3.92 | **4** | **4** |
|  | Liberal Party of Corrientes | 17,910 | 2.38 | **3** | **6** |
|  | *Others* | 34,390 | 4.56 |  | **1** |
| *Vacant seats* | | | | **1** | **1** |
| Total | | 753,784 | 100 | **62** | **120** |
|  | | | |  | |
| | Positive votes | | 753,784 | 96.63 |
| | Blank votes | | 26,250 | 3.37 |
| | Total votes | | 780,034 | 100 |
| | Registered voters/turnout | | 1,189,254 | 65.59 |
| Sources: | | | | | |

## InfoBox

1916 Argentine general election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Presidential election | |
|  | |
| ---  300 members of the Electoral College
151 votes needed to win | |
| Nominee **Hipólito Yrigoyen** Ángel Rojas Lisandro de la Torre  Party Radical Civic Union Conservative Party Democratic Progressive Party  Running mate **Pelagio Luna** Juan Eugenio Serú Alejandro Carbó  Electoral vote **133** 70 64  States carried 5 + CF 4 4  Popular vote **340,802** 150,245 135,308  Percentage **47.25%** 20.83% 18.76 | |
| ---  Most voted party by province. | |
| ---  **President before election**
Victorino de la Plaza
National Autonomist Party **Elected President**
Hipólito Yrigoyen
Radical Civic Union | |
| Legislative election | |
|  | |
| ---  62 of 120 seats in the Chamber of Deputies | |
| Turnout | 65.59% |
| Party Vote % Seats +/–  Chamber of Deputies  Radical Civic Union 45.08% 26 +6  Conservative Concentration 21.99% 18 −9  Democratic Progressive Party 14.62% 7 +5  Socialist Party 7.46% 3 −4  Dissident Radical Civic Union 3.92% 4 +4  Liberal Party of Corrientes 2.38% 3 −2   This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Ancylosis convexella

abstract: Ancylosis convexella is a species of snout moth in the genus Ancylosis. It was described by Julius Lederer in 1855. It is found in Algeria, Jordan, Syria, Portugal, Spain, Greece and on Cyprus.

text:
# Ancylosis convexella

***Ancylosis convexella*** is a species of snout moth in the genus *Ancylosis*. It was described by Julius Lederer in 1855. It is found in Algeria, Jordan, Syria, Portugal, Spain, Greece and on Cyprus.

## InfoBox

| *Ancylosis convexella* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Ancylosis* |
| Species: | ***A. convexella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ancylosis convexella***<br>(Lederer, 1855) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Myelois convexella* Lederer, 1855 * *Euzophera favorinella* Zeller, 1867 * *Nyctegretis albiciliella* Staudinger, 1859 | |


title: Aspidoscelis ceralbensis

abstract: Aspidoscelis ceralbensis, the Cerralvo Island whiptail, is a species of teiid lizard endemic to Jacques Cousteau Island in Mexico.

text:
# Aspidoscelis ceralbensis

***Aspidoscelis ceralbensis***, the **Cerralvo Island whiptail**, is a species of teiid lizard endemic to Jacques Cousteau Island in Mexico.

## InfoBox

| *Aspidoscelis ceralbensis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Teiidae |
| Genus: | *Aspidoscelis* |
| Species: | ***A. ceralbensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aspidoscelis ceralbensis***
(Van Denburgh & Slevin, 1921) | |
|


title: Edoardo Toniolo

abstract: Edoardo Toniolo was an Italian actor and voice actor.

text:
# Edoardo Toniolo

**Edoardo Toniolo** (22 November 1907 – 31 December 1986) was an Italian actor and voice actor.

## Life and career

Born in Turin, the son of the stage actors Antonio and Rosa Rosaz, at young age Toniolo debuted on stage in supporting roles. He later worked on radio, and in the mid-1930s he started appearing in films, usually in character roles.

After the Second World War, and following his role as leading actor in Ferruccio Cerio's *Posto di blocco*, Toniolo also started working as a dubber, and since 1954 he was also pretty active in television dramas. He was sometimes credited as **Edward Douglas**.

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Edoardo Toniolo | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1907-11-22)22 November 1907
Turin, Kingdom of Italy |
| Died | 31 December 1986(1986-12-31) (aged 79)
Rome, Italy |
| Other names | Edward Douglas |
| Occupation | Actor |


title: Edial Hall School

abstract: Edial Hall School was a school established in 1735 by Samuel Johnson at Edial, near Lichfield. Here, Johnson taught Latin and Greek to young gentlemen. The funds for the school were provided by his wife, "Tetty" Johnson. Edial only ever gained very few students, estimated to range from three to seven, one of whom was David Garrick. The school was only open for around a year, after which Johnson was forced to close it due to a lack of funds.

text:
# Edial Hall School

**Edial Hall School** was a school established in 1735 by Samuel Johnson at Edial, near Lichfield. Here, Johnson taught Latin and Greek to young gentlemen. The funds for the school were provided by his wife, "Tetty" Johnson.

Edial only ever gained very few students, estimated to range from three to seven, one of whom was David Garrick. The school was only open for around a year, after which Johnson was forced to close it due to a lack of funds.

52°40′34″N 1°52′54″W / 52.6760°N 1.8817°W / 52.6760; -1.8817


title: Digital wallet scheme

abstract: The digital wallet scheme is a government handout scheme created by the Thai government that aims to allow eligible Thai citizens to receive ฿10,000 (US$275) each through a digital wallet to spark economic growth. The scheme is the flagship policy of the Pheu Thai party and the Srettha and Paetongtarn governments. The around ฿450 billion handout is estimated to reach 45 million registered people. The scheme is designed to spark economic growth in Thailand's sluggish economy post-COVID-19 by increasing the country's GDP, growth and household purchasing power through promoting consumption at the local level amongst lower level income earners. It also aims to promote digitisation. Phrase 1 of the scheme was launched on 25 September 2024, with the initial 14.2 million recipients being welfare card holders and the disabled. It has been criticised by economists who label it as costly and harmful to Thailand's economy.

text:
# Digital wallet scheme

The **digital wallet scheme** is a government handout scheme created by the Thai government that aims to allow eligible Thai citizens to receive ฿10,000 (US$275) each through a digital wallet to spark economic growth. The scheme is the flagship policy of the Pheu Thai party and the Srettha and Paetongtarn governments. The around ฿450 billion handout is estimated to reach 45 million registered people.

The scheme is designed to spark economic growth in Thailand's sluggish economy post-COVID-19 by increasing the country's GDP, growth and household purchasing power through promoting consumption at the local level amongst lower level income earners. It also aims to promote digitisation. Phrase 1 of the scheme was launched on 25 September 2024, with the initial 14.2 million recipients being welfare card holders and the disabled. It has been criticised by economists who label it as costly and harmful to Thailand's economy.

## Eligibility and restrictions

The requirements to receive the handout recipients must be at least 16 years old by 30 September 2024 and a Thai citizen. The recipient's yearly income must also be below ฿840,000 and bank accounts should contain less than ฿500,000 by 31 March 2025. The requirement of bank accounts applies to current, savings and fixed-deposit accounts, but not state bank savings lotteries or foreign currency deposits. Recipients must also not be currently serving out a prison sentence or have a prison sentence. Shop owners and people with a record of fraud are also excluded. Out of Thailand's population of around 67 million, the government estimated that about 50 million people were eligible for the scheme, although the Ministry of Finance estimated only 45 million people would register. 36 million registered in the first round of registration.

After the ฿10,000 has been distributed, there is a 6-month time limit to when you can spend it. It can't also be withdrawn as cash, however people who receive the handout in the first phrase will also receive some of it in cash. There are also restrictions on where and what the money can be spent on. It can only be spent within the recipient's registered district and at participating businesses, which excludes major retail stores, wholesale outlets and department stores. Originally, the money could only be spent within a 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) radius around where they lived. However, an obstacle to this is that a large portion of the eligible population in urban centres like Bangkok and Chiang Mai are registered in other provinces.

Additionally, the money can't be spent on 18 items, which include alcohol, cannabis products, cash and souvenir vouchers, diamonds, electrical appliances, electronic equipment, fuel oil, gems, gold, kratom products, lotteries, natural gas, tobacco, services, or online products. There exists doubt over the government's ability to monitor spending and prevent the purchase of restricted items, although these restrictions are built into the digital wallet. An April survey by Siam Commercial Bank found around 40% of those surveyed intended to spend it on necessities such as food and health products. In the same survey, over 80% said they would redirect their personal income to make loan payments or invest in businesses while the handout money would buy what their personal income would've bought.

## Financing

The Srettha government has frequently flip-flopped over how the scheme would be financed. The Pheu Thai party had proposed that it be funded through the budgets, but the new coalition government led by Srettha instead proposed a special parliament bill to request one-time borrowing. The bill was met with criticism by the Bank of Thailand, economists and the opposition Move Forward party. The government then sought to have it funded by the Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives (BAAC). However, the legality of this was in question as it could violate laws governing government saving banks.

This was then changed in favour of pulling money out of the governments 2024-2025 fiscal budget. This change was announced on 10 April 2024, where Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin said the scheme would be funded solely by the 2024-2025 fiscal budget. According to the Deputy Finance Minister Julapun Amorvivat, the needed ฿450 billion will be funded by ฿175 billion from the 2024 budget, ฿152.7 billion from the 2025 budget, and ฿172.3 billion from the BAAC's 2025 budget. The total cost also dropped from ฿500 to ฿450.

After phrase 1 was launched on 25 September, Deputy Finance Minister Paopoom Rojanasakul announced that the government had sufficient funding for phrase 2 to go ahead. phrase 1 had used ฿145 billion, with ฿180 billion already allocated to phrase 2.

## Project history

### Background

Thailand's recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects has been slow. Thailand has the highest public debt to gross domestic ratio in Southeast Asia at over 64%.

The idea of the digital wallet scheme was first conceived by the Pheu Thai party in the leadup to the 2023 general election. During the election, it was one of the party's major campaign promises.

### Under the Srettha government

The scheme was finalised by the National Digital Wallet Policy Committee headed by Srettha on 10 April with a planned roll out in the fourth quarter. The scheme was approved in principle by the Srettha cabinet on 23 April.

### Under the Paetongtarn government

Srettha was dismissed as prime minister by the constitutional court on 14 August and succeeded by the leader of the Pheu Thai party and daughter of Thaksin Shinawatra, Paetongtarn Shinawatra. Although Thaksin, who was prime minister between 2001 and 2006, holds no formal position in his daughter's government, he has held considerable influence over Thai politics since his return from exile on 22 August. On 22 August 2024, he confirmed his and the Paetongtarn government's support for the scheme.

At the scheme's launch, Paetongtarn announced that the scheme would "create a tornado of spending".

## Implementation

The scheme is primarily being implemented through the Thang Rath app and is the primary platform for eligible people to register with. Registration is also available at participating 7-Elevens, Thailand Post offices, Boonterm and government service kiosks, and on the ThaID app. Registration through the Thang Rath app opened between 1 August 2024 and 15 September. When registration closed on 15 September, only 36 million people had registered, 9 million short of the planned 45 million. According to the Ministry of Finance, the exclusion of 9 million people saved around ฿100 billion. A second round of registration for people unable to register online was open between 16 September and 15 October. For businesses to participate in the scheme, a separate application process will open on 1 October. According to the Ministry of Commerce, 1.6 million businesses are eligible.

The scheme was originally meant to begin on 1 February 2024 but was delayed. In late March, the scheme was again delayed from May to the fourth quarter of 2024.

### Phrase 1

Phrase 1 of the scheme was launched on 25 September 2024 and was targeted towards vulnerable groups. Totally around 14.5 million people, this included 12.4 million welfare card holders and 2.1 million people with disabilities. Distribution of the scheme is staggered, with payments being distributed in phrase 1 between September 25 and 30 depending on their welfare card numbers, while all recipients with disabilities received payment on September 25. This is to avoid overwhelming the banking system.

By 1 October, around 200,000 people had experienced unsuccessful transfers due to them not linking their accounts to PromptPay. For those with unsuccessful transfers, the Ministry of Finance coordinated with the Ministry of Social Development and Human Security to help them link accounts. More transfers have been announced for 22 October, 22 November and 22 December.

Phrase 1 had a ฿145 billion budget.

## Impact

The Thai government has said that the scheme will boost Thailand's GDP by 1.2 to 1.8 percentage points and cause growth in 2025 to be at 5%. Others have given smaller estimates, with *The* *Thaiger* estimating it will boost Thailand's GDP by 0.33 to 0.6 percentage points in the short term.

According to InnovestX, a subsidiary of Siam Commercial Bank, companies who run convenience stores, supermarkets, and hypermarkets will be major beneficiaries of the scheme. This includes CP All and Berli Jucker, which operates Big C and. These companies, alongside financial lenders, have seen their stock prices increase as a result of the scheme. Although recipients are not allowed to spend the handout at department stores and hypermarkets, Pavida Pananond of Thammasat Business School said the line between hypermarkets and convenience stores is blurred.

Following the launch of phrase 1, ATM withdrawals in Thailand have surged, especially at BAAC branches where withdrawals have increased by 18 times.

## Reception

### Criticism

The scheme has been repeatedly criticised by the Move Forward and Democrat parties when they were in the opposition.

Sethaput Suthiwartnarueput, governor of Thailand's central bank the Bank of Thailand, said in April 2024 that Thailand's post-COVID-19 recovery was gaining momentum and did not warrant a large stimulus such as the scheme.

1. "Thailand's top stocks reap gains on digital wallet rollout". *Nikkei Asia*. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
2. "Thailand's Digital Wallet Goes Live – Global Policy Institute". Retrieved 2024-10-01.
3. "Thailand kicks off first phase of $14 bln "digital wallet" stimulus scheme". *Reuters*. 25 September 2024.
4. "Thailand's controversial $21 billion digital cash scheme begins but does it really help its people?". *ABC News*. 2024-08-01. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
5. Sombatdee, Phuwadech (2024-09-25). "What you need to know about digital wallet 10,000 baht". *Thaiger*. Retrieved 2024-09-30.
6. "Thailand's digital wallet handout misses signup goal by 9m". *Bangkok Post*. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
7. "Thailand rolls out $14B digital wallet scheme to stimulate economy". *www.aa.com.tr*. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
8. "Economist airs unease over B10,000 digital handout". *Bangkok Post*. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
9. Bloomberg, Thomas Kutty Abraham / (2024-04-11). "Thailand's $14 Billion Handout: Everything to Know". *TIME*. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
10. "Move Forward takes govt to task in debate". *Bangkok Post*. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
11. "10,000-baht digital wallet scheme will be funded by 2024-2025 budget: Thai govt". *nationthailand*. 2024-04-10. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
12. "Thailand is set to roll out a controversial $13.8 billion handout plan in digital money to citizens". *AP News*. 2024-07-15. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
13. "Funding in place for 2nd phase of digital handout". *Bangkok Post*. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
14. "Cabinet Approves in Principle Digital Wallet Scheme". *The Government Public Relations Department*. 25 April 2024.
15. Wongcha-um, Panu (22 August 2024). "Thailand's Thaksin backs his party's $14.5 bln handout plan". *Reuters*.
16. "Thailand kicks off first phase of digital wallet scheme". *Bangkok Post*. Retrieved 2024-09-30.
17. Allan, Juan (2024-08-12). "Thailand rolls out 10,000 THB digital wallet initiative - Thailand Business News". *www.thailand-business-news.com*. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
18. Limite. "Srettha weighs funding options for digital handout". *Bangkok Post*. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
19. "Vulnerable groups to get handout from Sept 25". *Bangkok Post*. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
20. "Pheu Thai makes a strong case for digital wallet scheme". *nationthailand*. 2024-07-18. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
21. "Digital wallet scheme coming in Q4, says Srettha". *Bangkok Post*. Retrieved 2024-10-01.

## InfoBox

| Digital wallet scheme | |
| --- | --- |
| Logo of the Thang Rath app used in the scheme | |
| Country | Thailand |
| Prime Minister(s) |  |
| Ministry | Ministry of Finance |
| Key people | * Srettha Thavisin (Prime Minister, Minister of Finance) * Julapun Amorvivat (Deputy Minister of Finance) |
| Launched | 25 September 2024 (2024-09-25)<br>Nationwide |
| Status | Ongoing |
| Website | digitalwallet.go.th |


abstract: Ein Lämmlein geht und trägt die Schuld, also known by the title of its earliest extant printed libretto, Die leidende und am Creutz sterbende Liebe Jesu, is a Passion oratorio by Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel, composed in 1720. Its opening chorus is based on Paul Gerhardt's "Ein Lämmlein geht und trägt die Schuld" and its usual hymn tune, Wolfgang Dachstein's "An Wasserflüssen Babylon" melody. The Passion oratorio was performed at least half a dozen times in various German cities during the composer's lifetime, and Johann Sebastian Bach reworked one of its arias to a cantata movement (BWV 200).

text:
# Ein Lämmlein geht und trägt die Schuld (Stölzel)

***Ein Lämmlein geht und trägt die Schuld***, also known by the title of its earliest extant printed libretto, ***Die leidende und am Creutz sterbende Liebe Jesu***, is a Passion oratorio by Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel, composed in 1720. Its opening chorus is based on Paul Gerhardt's "Ein Lämmlein geht und trägt die Schuld" and its usual hymn tune, Wolfgang Dachstein's "An Wasserflüssen Babylon" melody.

The Passion oratorio was performed at least half a dozen times in various German cities during the composer's lifetime, and Johann Sebastian Bach reworked one of its arias to a cantata movement (BWV 200).

## History

Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel was already an accomplished composer when he settled in Gotha, where he would remain for the rest of his life, in late 1719. His first large work for that city was a Christmas oratorio consisting of three cantatas, to be performed on three consecutive days in December 1719.

### Gotha 1720

In 1720, the libretto of *Die leidende und am Creutz sterbende Liebe Jesu* was printed in Gotha, where the passion oratorio was performed in two parts, on Maundy Thursday and Good Friday.

### Sondershausen 1730s

From 1730, Stölzel provided liturgical music for Sondershausen. The score and parts of Stölzel's performance version of *Ein Lämmlein geht und trägt die Schuld*, copied in Gotha, survived in Sondershausen, where the Passion oratorio was likely performed more than once in the 1730s.

### Leipzig 1734

Johann Sebastian Bach performed the Passion oratorio, under the title *Der Gläubigen Seele Geistliche Betrachtungen Ihres leidenden Jesu*, on Good Friday in 1734.

### 1736: Rudolstadt and Nürnberg

Printed librettos of the Passion oratorio appeared in Rudolstadt and Nürnberg in 1736, indicating performances in both cities in that year.

### Göttingen 1741

Another printed libretto, published in Göttingen in 1741, mentioning Stölzel as the author of both the libretto and the music, indicates a performance in that city.

### Berlin manuscript

A manuscript copy of the score, derived from the Nürnberg version, is preserved in Berlin and indicates a further 18th-century performance of the Passion oratorio.

## Music and text

Stölzel's Passion oratorio is structured as a succession of cantata-like *Betrachtungen* (contemplations). Typical for Stölzel's oratorios, the text of *Ein Lämmlein geht und trägt die Schuld* is lyrical and meditative, rather than carried by a dramatic narrative, such as a Bible extract. Stölzel is the author of the Passion oratorio's libretto.

The movements are recitatives followed by arias, and several chorales. The opening chorus is a chorale on Paul Gerhardt's "Ein Lämmlein geht und trägt die Schuld" hymn, set, as usual, to the tune of Wolfgang Dachstein's "An Wasserflüssen Babylon", and enriched with figuration by the strings (Str). The text of the next movement, sung by the *Chor der gläubigen Seelen* (choir of faithful souls), is free poetry inspired by the Song of Songs, 6:1: "Wohin ist doch mein Freund gegangen?" (Where did my friend go?). Near the end is the only other choral movement set to free poetry, and sung by the *Chor der gläubigen Seelen*: "Mein Jesus stirbt" is the only elaborate chorus.

The *Evangelist* enunciates messages in a poetical language, on which the *Glaubige Seele* (faithful soul) comments in recitatives and arias. Soprano (S), alto (A), tenor (T) and bass (B) take turns in performing the text assigned to the *Glaubige Seele*: the four voices together form the choir of faithful souls. Obbligato instruments, such as oboe or flute, accompany several arias. The *Christliche Kirche* (Christian Church), that is the choir, sings the chorales.

Text and/or music of Stölzel's *Ein Lämmlein geht und trägt die Schuld* can be found in:

Movements of Stölzel's *Ein Lämmlein geht und trägt die Schuld*
| Movement | Mus.A15:2 | Mus.ms. 21412 III (12) | Libretto Göttingen 1741 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ein Lämmlein geht und trägt die Schuld | 1. Choral; ; | Chorus: SATBStrBc; | Die Christliche Kirche |
| Wohin ist doch mein Freund gegangen | 2. Rec., accomp. | Recit., accomp.: SATBStrBc; | Chor der gläubigen Seelen, Evangelist |
| Ach wo nehm ich Tränen her | 3. Aria; ; **2**
**4** | Aria: ObStrBc; **2**
**4** | Gläubige Seele (Aria, D.C.) |
| Nun was du Herr erduldet | 4. Choral; ; | Chorale: SATBStrBc; | Christliche Kirche |
| Jetzt kömmt des Satans Kind Ischarioth |  |  | Evangelist |
| Ach Jesu soll dich der den du so liebreich | 5. accomp. | Recit.: Bc; | Gläubige Seele |
| Darf ich der falschen Welt nicht trauen | 6. Aria; ; **2**
**4** | Aria: •2FlStrBc; **2**
**4** | Gläubige Seele (Aria, D.C.) |
| Wenn die Welt mit ihren Netzen | 7. Choral; ; | Chorale: SATBBc; | Christliche Kirche |
| Ein einzig Wort ich bin's | 8. Rec., accomp. |  |  |
| Ein eintzig Wort so auf der Rotte |  |  | Evangelist |
| Ach Treuer Seelen-Artzt |  | Recit., accomp.: StrBc; | Gläubige Seele |
| Herr und Meister in dem Helfen | 9. Aria; ; **3**
**4** | Aria: StrBc; **3**
**4** | Gläubige Seele (Aria, D.C.) |
| Ein Arzt ist uns gegeben | 10. Choral; ; **3**
**4** | Chorale: SATBBc; | Christliche Kirche |
| Der Heiland fragt hiebei | 11. Rec. |  | Evangelist |
| Auch ich mein Jesu fliehe oft von dir | 12. Rec. accomp. | Recit.: Bc; | Gläubige Seele |
| Hirte der aus Liebe stirbt | 13. Aria; ; **3**
**4** | Aria: StrBc; **3**
**4** | Gläubige Seele (Aria, D.C.) |
| Ich will hier bei dir stehen | 14. Choral; ; | Chorale: SATBBc; **3**
**4** | Christliche Kirche |
| Nunmehro wird der Herr gefesselt | 15. Rec. |  | Evangelist |
| Ach daß ihr Augen Quellen wäret | 16. accomp. | Recit. (acc.): StrBc; | Gläubige Seele |
| Mein nagendes Gewissen | 17. Aria; ; | Aria: StrBc; | Gläubige Seele (Aria, D.C.) |
| Ach was soll ich Sünder machen | 18. Choral; ; | Chorale: SATBBc; | Christliche Kirche |
| Die Ältesten der Hohenpriester | 19. Rec. |  | Evangelist |
| Ach unbeflecktes Gotteslamm | 20. accomp. | Recit.: Bc; | Gläubige Seele |
| Ich will schweigen wenn die Welt mir mit List | 21. Aria; ; **3**
**8** | Aria: StrBc; **3**
**8** | Gläubige Seele (Aria, D.C.) |
| Die Welt bekümmert sich | 22. Choral; ; | Chorale: SATBBc; | Christliche Kirche |
| Kaum wird der Morgen wieder neu | 23. Rec. |  | Evangelist |
| O Jesu steh mir an der Seite | 24. Rec. accomp. |  | Gläubige Seele |
| Bei der Größe meiner Sünden | 25. Duetto; ; |  | Gläubige Seele (Aria) |
| Erbarm dich mein in solcher Last | 26. Choral; ; |  | Christliche Kirche |
| Pilatus ist mit dem noch nicht vergnügt | 27. Rec. |  | Evangelist |
| Verdammter Jude hör was hier ein Heide | 28. accomp. |  | Gläubige Seele |
| Mein Jesus soll mein König sein | 29. Aria; ; |  | Gläubige Seele (Aria, D.C.) |
| Ach großer König groß zu allen Zeiten | 30. Choral; ; |  | Christliche Kirche |
| Ach hört das Mordgeschrei der Feinde Jesu | 31. Rec. |  | Evangelist |
| Kannst du o Mittler zwischen Gott und mir | 32. accomp. | Recit. accomp.: StrBc; | Gläubige Seele |
| Allerhöchster Gottessohn | 33. Aria; ; **3**
**4** | Aria: CrStrBc; **6**
**8** | Gläubige Seele (Aria, D.C.) |
| O Jesu Christ Sohn eingeboren | 34. Choral; ; **3**
**2** | Chorale: SATBBc; **3**
**4** | Christliche Kirche |
| Pilatus spricht ich finde keine Schuld | 35. (Rec.) |  | Evangelist |
| O unerhörte Wut o blutiges Verlangen | 36. accomp. | Recit.: Bc; | Gläubige Seele |
| Haltet ein ihr Mörderklauen | 37. Aria; ; **2**
**4** | Aria: StrBc; **2**
**4** | Gläubige Seele (Aria, D.C.) |
| Wie wunderbarlich ist doch diese Strafe | 38. Choral; ; | Chorale: SATBBc; | \[pp. 17ff. unavailable\] |
| Die Geisel ist noch nicht genug | 39. Rec. |  | |
| Die Rose in dem Tal | 40. accomp. |  | |
| Ach welch ein Mensch bin ich | 41. Aria; ; |  | |
| Ich kann's mit meinen Sinnen nicht erreichen | 42. Choral; ; |  | |
| Das Volk läßt sich nichts desto minder | 43. Rec. |  | |
| So gehet dann der mörderische Wolf | 44. accomp. |  | |
|  |  | Recit. accomp.: StrBc; | |
| Meine Sünden heißen dich Seelenfreund | 45. Aria; ; | Aria: StrBc; | |
| Nun ich danke dir von Herzen | 46. Choral; ; |  | |
| Ich, ich und meine Sünden |  | Chorale: SATBBc; | |
| Nun führen sie den Herrn nach Golgatha | 47. Rec. | Recit.: Bc; | |
| Mein Heiland sieh ich stell' mich willig ein | 48. accomp. | (accomp.): StrBc; | |
| Dein Kreuz o Bräutigam meiner Seelen | 49. Aria; ; | Aria: ObVnBsBc; | |
| Drum will ich weil ich lebe noch | 50. Choral; ; **3**
**2** | Chorale: SATBBc; **3**
**4** | |
| Ein Haufe Volks folgt Jesu nach | 51. Rec. |  | |
| Ach Herr der du um meine Sünden | 52. accomp. |  | |
| Wenn der Wollust Lasterkerzen | 53. Aria; ; |  | |
| Kaum als der Herr auf seiner Todesbahn | 54. Rec. |  | |
| So treibet dein Erbarmen mein Jesu dich | 55. accomp. | Recit.: Bc; | |
| Hier an diesem Kreuzesstamm | 56. \[Aria\]; ; **3**
**4** | Aria: StrBc; **3**
**4** | |
| O Lamm Gottes unschuldig | 57. Choral; ; **3**
**2** |  | |
| O Lamm Gottes, ohne Schuld |  | Chorale: SATBBc; | |
| Pilatus will die Ursach' dieses Tods bekräften | 58. Rec. |  | |
| Auch mir mein Jesu bleibt durch deinen Tod | 59. accomp. |  | |
| Du hast in deinem Sterben | 60. \[Aria\]; ; **6**
**8** |  | |
| Du führest mich durch deinen Tod | 61. Choral; ; **3**
**2** |  | |
| Mariam der ein Schwert durch ihre Seele | 62. Rec. |  | |
| Mein Jesu laß auch mich | 63. accomp. |  | |
| Kann mein Jesus in dem Tod | 64. Aria; ; **6**
**8** |  | |
| Gott ist mein Trost mein Zuversicht | 65. Choral; ; **3**
**2** |  | |
| Am Kreuz wird Jesu noch verspottet | 66. Rec. |  | |
| Mitleid'ger Jesu ach kann denn das Erbarmen | 67. accomp. |  | |
| Ich finde mich beizeit mit Glauben Reu' | 68. Aria; ; **2**
**4** |  | |
| In dein Seite will ich fliehen | 69. Choral; ; |  | |
| Die Sonne hüllet ihre Strahlen | 70. Rec. |  | |
| Du helles Sonnenlicht verstecke deine Pracht | 71. accomp. |  | |
| Ich will mit mir selber ringen | 72. Aria; ; |  | |
| Weils aber nicht besteht aus eignen Kräften | 73. Choral; ; |  | |
| Der Heiland spricht hierauf | 74. Rec. |  | |
| Der Vorhang in dem Tempel reißt | 75. accomp. |  | |
| Mein Heiland |  | Recit.: Bc; | |
| Mein Jesus stirbt Schmerz Jammer Ach | 76. Chorus; ; | Tutti: | |
| Ein Kriegsknecht kömmt daher | 77. Recit. |  | |
| Des Tempels Vorhang ist entzwei | 78. Recit. |  | |
| Kommt |  | Recit. (acc.): ObStrBc; | |
| Jesu wahrer Mensch und Gott | 79. Choro; ; **2**
**4** |  | |
| O Jesu, du mein Hülff und Ruh |  | Chorale: SATBBc; | |

## Reception

Johann Sebastian Bach not only performed Stölzel's Passion oratorio in 1734: he reworked one of its arias, "Dein Kreuz, o Bräutigam meiner Seelen", into *Bekennen will ich seinen Namen*, BWV 200, which he completed in 1742.

In the 21st century Stölzel's Passion oratorio was programmed in public concerts:

## Sources


title: Amolops chakrataensis

abstract: Amolops chakrataensis, also known as the Dehradun stream frog or Chakrata torrent frog, is a species of frog endemic to India. It is only known from its type locality near Chakrata in Uttarakhand, near the Tiger Falls. It was described based on a single specimen collected in 1985. After being "lost" for 25 years, the species was rediscovered in 2011 at its type locality, reflecting the lack of field work in the area.

text:
# Amolops chakrataensis

***Amolops chakrataensis***, also known as the **Dehradun stream frog** or **Chakrata torrent frog**, is a species of frog endemic to India. It is only known from its type locality near Chakrata in Uttarakhand (formerly Uttar Pradesh), near the Tiger Falls. It was described based on a single specimen collected in 1985. After being "lost" for 25 years, the species was rediscovered in 2011 at its type locality, reflecting the lack of field work in the area.

## Description

The holotype measures 55 mm (2.2 in) in snout–vent length. The head is wider than it is long. The eyes are relatively small. The snout is obtusely pointed. The tympanum is visible and the supratympanic fold is distinct. The fingers are long and slender and have well-developed terminal discs. The toe discs are smaller than the fingers ones. The dorsum is slaty brown (or light green with dark minute spots). The sides are olive to dark green. A dark brown canthal streak is bounded by white supratympanic fold. The upper lip is golden yellow and the lower one has brown patches. The limbs have brown crossbars. The ventral side is speckled with brown.

## Habitat and conservation

*Amolops chakrataensis* is a semi-aquatic species that occurs under rocks in stagnant pools near fast-flowing hill-streams in dense deodar forest at an elevation of about 1,000–1,500 m (3,300–4,900 ft) above sea level. The eggs are laid on the leaves of aquatic plants. The threats to this poorly-known species are unknown, but the habitat near the Tiger Falls is highly degraded.

## InfoBox

| *Amolops chakrataensis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Ranidae |
| Genus: | *Amolops* |
| Species: | ***A. chakrataensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Amolops chakrataensis***
Ray, 1992 | |
|
|  | |
| *Amolops chakrataensis* is only known from near Chakrata in northern India | |


title: Durrow, County Offaly (civil parish)

abstract: Durrow is a civil parish in County Offaly, Ireland. It is located about 6 kilometres (4 mi) north–north–west of Tullamore. Durrow is one of 4 civil parishes in the barony of Ballycowan in the Province of Leinster. The civil parish covers 7,526.4 acres (30.458 km⁲). It is contiguous with the remainder of the Durrow civil parish, which is in County Westmeath. Durrow civil parish, County Offaly comprises the small village of Durrow and 21 townlands: Acantha, Aghancarnan, Ashfield, Balleek, Balleek Beg, Ballybought, Ballycallaghan, Ballynamona, Cartron, Coleraine, Coniker, Coolnahely, Culleen, Doory, Durrow Demesne, Gormagh, Kilclare, Kildangan, Loughaun, Lug and Tara. The neighbouring civil parishes are: Ardnurcher or Horseleap to the north, Ballycommon to the east, Kilbride to the south, Rahan to the west and Kilbride to the west and north.

text:
# Durrow, County Offaly (civil parish)

**Durrow** (Irish: *Darú*) is a civil parish in County Offaly, Ireland. It is located about 6 kilometres (4 mi) north–north–west of Tullamore.

Durrow is one of 4 civil parishes in the barony of Ballycowan in the Province of Leinster. The civil parish covers 7,526.4 acres (30.458 km2). It is contiguous with the remainder of the Durrow civil parish, which is in County Westmeath.

Durrow civil parish, County Offaly comprises the small village of Durrow and 21 townlands: Acantha, Aghancarnan, Ashfield, Balleek, Balleek Beg, Ballybought, Ballycallaghan, Ballynamona, Cartron, Coleraine, Coniker, Coolnahely, Culleen, Doory, Durrow Demesne, Gormagh, Kilclare, Kildangan, Loughaun, Lug and Tara.

The neighbouring civil parishes are: Ardnurcher or Horseleap (County Westmeath) to the north, Ballycommon to the east, Kilbride to the south, Rahan to the west and Kilbride to the west and north.

## InfoBox

| Durrow *Darú* | |
| --- | --- |
| Civil parish | |
| DurrowLocation of Durrow within County Offaly in the Republic of Ireland | |
| Coordinates: 53°19′14″N 7°31′43″W / 53.32056°N 7.52861°W / 53.32056; -7.52861 | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Leinster |
| County | County Offaly |
| Irish grid reference | N341320 |


title: Anartia jatrophae

abstract:
Anartia jatrophae, the white peacock, is a species of butterfly found in the southeastern United States, Central America, and throughout much of South America. The white peacock's larval hosts are water hyssop, lemon bacopa, tropical waterhyssop, frogfruit, lanceleaf frogfruit, and Carolina wild petunia.
The males of the species display a unique territorial behavior, in which they stake out a territory typically 15 meters in diameter that contains larval host plants. They perch in this area and aggressively protect it from other insects and other male white peacocks.

text:
# Anartia jatrophae

***Anartia jatrophae***, the **white peacock**, is a species of butterfly found in the southeastern United States, Central America, and throughout much of South America. The white peacock's larval hosts are water hyssop (*Bacopa monnieri*), lemon bacopa (*Bacopa caroliniensis*), tropical waterhyssop (*Bacopa innominata*), frogfruit (*Phyla nodiflora*), lanceleaf frogfruit (*Phyla lanceolata*), and Carolina wild petunia (*Ruellia caroliniana*). The males of the species display a unique territorial behavior, in which they stake out a territory typically 15 meters in diameter that contains larval host plants. They perch in this area and aggressively protect it from other insects and other male white peacocks.

## Subspecies

Seven subspecies are recognized.

## InfoBox

| *Anartia jatrophae* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| butterfly house specimen | |
|  | |
| *A. j. jatrophae*, Tobago | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Secure  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | *Anartia* |
| Species: | ***A. jatrophae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Anartia jatrophae***
(Linnaeus, 1763) | |
|


title: Abrázame

abstract: "Abrázame" is a song by Mexican band Camila. It was released in March 13, 2006, as the first single from the album Todo Cambió. In 2008, the song was re-recorded with Brazilian pop singer Wanessa and included on her album Total and also as a bonus track on the Brazilian pressings of Todo Cambió.

text:
# Abrázame

**"Abrázame"** (Eng.: "Hold Me") is a song by Mexican band Camila. It was released in March 13, 2006, as the first single from the album *Todo Cambió*. In 2008, the song was re-recorded with Brazilian pop singer Wanessa and included on her album *Total* and also as a bonus track on the Brazilian pressings of *Todo Cambió*.

## Remix version

The band recorded a Spanish-Portuguese version with Brazilian singer Wanessa Camargo. The version was released as single on 14 May 2008 from Brazilian version of Todo Cambió to promote the band in the country, and also included in the re-release of Wanessa's fifth studio album *Total* (2008).

## Charts

| Chart | Peak Position |
| --- | --- |
| Argentina Top 100 | 2 |
| Chile Top 100 | 1 |
| Colombia Top 40 | 1 |
| United States Billboard Latin Songs | 30 |
| United States Billboard Latin Pop Songs | 8 |
| Mexico Mexican Singles Chart | 2 |
| Peru Top 20 Ranking | 1 |
|

### Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mexico (AMPROFON)
*Ringtone* | Platinum | 25,000* |
| * Sales figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "Abrázame" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Camila | |
| from the album  *Todo Cambió* | |
| Released | March 13, 2006 |
| Genre | Latin pop |
| Length | 3:46 |
| Label | Norte |
| Songwriter(s) | Mario Domm |
| Producer(s) | Mario Domm |
| Camila singles chronology | |
| "**Abrázame**"
(2006) "*"Coleccionista de Canciones"*"
(2007) | |


title: 1053

abstract: Year 1053 (MLIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

text:
# 1053

1053 in various calendars
| Gregorian calendar | 1053
*MLIII* |
| --- | --- |
| Ab urbe condita | 1806 |
| Armenian calendar | 502
ԹՎ ՇԲ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5803 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 974–975 |
| Bengali calendar | 460 |
| Berber calendar | 2003 |
| English Regnal year | *N/A* |
| Buddhist calendar | 1597 |
| Burmese calendar | 415 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6561–6562 |
| Chinese calendar | 壬辰年 (Water Dragon)
3750 or 3543
*to*
癸巳年 (Water Snake)
3751 or 3544 |
| Coptic calendar | 769–770 |
| Discordian calendar | 2219 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1045–1046 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4813–4814 |
| Hindu calendars |  |
| \- *Vikram Samvat* | 1109–1110 |
| \- *Shaka Samvat* | 974–975 |
| \- *Kali Yuga* | 4153–4154 |
| Holocene calendar | 11053 |
| Igbo calendar | 53–54 |
| Iranian calendar | 431–432 |
| Islamic calendar | 444–445 |
| Japanese calendar | Eishō 8 / Tengi 1
(天喜元年) |
| Javanese calendar | 956–957 |
| Julian calendar | 1053
*MLIII* |
| Korean calendar | 3386 |
| Minguo calendar | 859 before ROC
民前859年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −415 |
| Seleucid era | 1364/1365 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1595–1596 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳水龙年
(male Water-Dragon)
1179 or 798 or 26
*to*
阴水蛇年
(female Water-Snake)
1180 or 799 or 27 |

Year **1053** (**MLIII**) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

## Events

### By place

#### Byzantine Empire

* End of the Pecheneg Revolt: Emperor Constantine IX Monomachos makes peace with the Pechenegs. However, Pecheneg raids do not cease; they not only damage the economy by plundering, but Constantine is also forced to buy protection or peace from them by gifts, land grants, privileges and titles.

#### Europe

#### England

### By topic

#### Religion

## Births

## Deaths

## InfoBox

| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
| --- | --- |
| Centuries: |  |
| Decades: |  |
| Years: |  |


title: 1943 in Canada

abstract: Events from the year 1943 in Canada.

text:
# 1943 in Canada

Events from the year **1943 in Canada**.

## Incumbents

### Crown

### Federal government

### Provincial governments

#### Lieutenant governors

#### Premiers

### Territorial governments

#### Commissioners

## Events

## Sport

## Births

### January to March

### April to June

### July to September

### October to December

## Deaths

## Historical documents

Slightly confused 1st Infantry Division invades Sicily against "bewildered" and "sorry looking" Italian defenders

Film: Canadian and U.S. troops train for Italian invasion

Film: Canadian soldiers and nurses embark for Italian invasion

Cartoon: Axis forces quickly retreating from "Sicilian landings"

Command crucial, but battles are won "by human beings displaying judgment, coolness and courage" (and in Sicily's "unending heat")

Seaforth Highlanders take Monte San Marco in Italy, despite steep, muddy terrain and intense German fire

Top German generals recognize disadvantages fighting Allies in Italy, including "Canadians clever at making use of terrain"

Canadian infantry and tanks press "a literally yard-by-yard advance" through Ortona streets, houses, and even rooms

Film: Canadian troops fighting in Ortona

Germans leave Ortona and their dead – "Civilians\[...\]too dazed to realize the enemy had gone; Canadians\[...\]too tired to care"

Guide for battlefield first aid emphasizes combat practicality, like common sense, self-reliance, improvisation, effective care and carrying on fight

Newspaper illustration of RCAF Spitfire planes strafing freight trains in Europe

Photo: Canadians in joint landing operation with U.S. forces against Japanese invaders on Kiska Island, Alaska

"The Jewish reservoir of the East, which was able to counterbalance the western assimilation, no longer exists"

At end of fourth year of war, Prime Minister King calls for greater effort and sacrifice to defeat faltering Axis

National registration certificate of Mrs. Ethel Louise Buck, Spirit River, Alberta

"We are few, very few" – Quebecker laments that there are not enough pacifists in province to even produce their newsletter

Advisory group chair foresees postwar period of more skilled labour, greater production, new products and technology, and huge demand

U.S.-U.K. agreement creates executive committee with Canadian representation to guide nuclear development

Canada wants multilateral general agreement to reduce tariffs, and to encourage U.S.A. and Canada to "buy in order to sell"

Report with proposed economic reforms for benefit of Prairie provinces, adjacent U.S.A., and world at large

Canada threatens to step back if not given more say in new UN Relief and Rehabilitation Organization

Lester Pearson complains to External Affairs about U.S. censorship of official's call from legation in Washington to Ottawa

Government returns about 15% of seized Japanese-Canadian fishing fleet to owners

"So reactionary to Liberal principles" – PM King depressed by cabinet's close-minded attitude to steelworker strike

Cartoon: Hitler says of strikers, "They are really working for me!"

Communist Tim Buck's submission on labour relations to National War Labor Board emphasizes wage policy and collective bargaining

Because of their difficulty finding housing and jobs, British Columbia MLA raises funds for halfway house for women discharged from mental institutions

As they fund-raise for bombers, London's Women's Voluntary Services thanks Manitobans for gifts of clothes and mobile canteens

"You can't refuse this cake, it was sent me all the way from Canada" – touring WVS speaker enjoys local hospitality

"Defend\[ing\] freedom and culture of humanity" – Shostakovich's thank-you for Toronto performance of his Seventh Symphony

Photo: RCAF member meets famed actor who plays "Rochester" on Jack Benny's radio comedy show

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: |  |


title: Amphiprion barberi

abstract: Amphiprion barberi, also known as fiji anemonefish a species of anemonefish that is found in the western Pacific Ocean. It was previously considered a geographic color variation of other anemonefish, initially Amphiprion rubrocinctus from 1972 and then Amphiprion melanopus from 1980 however further study and DNA sequencing resulted in A. barberi being described as a new species in 2008. Like all anemonefishes it forms a symbiotic mutualism with sea anemones and is unaffected by the stinging tentacles of the host anemone. It is a sequential hermaphrodite with a strict sized based dominance hierarchy: the female is largest, the breeding male is second largest, and the male non-breeders get progressively smaller as the hierarchy descends. They exhibit protandry, meaning the breeding male will change to female if the sole breeding female dies, with the largest non-breeder becomes the breeding male. The fish's natural diet includes zooplankton.

text:
# Amphiprion barberi

***Amphiprion barberi***, also known as ***fiji anemonefish*** a species of anemonefish that is found in the western Pacific Ocean. It was previously considered a geographic color variation of other anemonefish, initially *Amphiprion rubrocinctus* from 1972 and then *Amphiprion melanopus* from 1980 however further study and DNA sequencing resulted in *A. barberi* being described as a new species in 2008. Like all anemonefishes it forms a symbiotic mutualism with sea anemones and is unaffected by the stinging tentacles of the host anemone. It is a sequential hermaphrodite with a strict sized based dominance hierarchy: the female is largest, the breeding male is second largest, and the male non-breeders get progressively smaller as the hierarchy descends. They exhibit protandry, meaning the breeding male will change to female if the sole breeding female dies, with the largest non-breeder becomes the breeding male. The fish's natural diet includes zooplankton.

## Description

The body of adults are generally red-orange with a single white bar. The snout and breast are orange. Each of the caudal, dorsal and anal fins are orange. They have 10 dorsal spines, 2 anal spines, 16-18 dorsal soft rays and 14 anal soft rays. They reach a maximum length of 8.5 cm (3+14 in).

### Color variations

Some anemonefish species have color variations based on geographic location, sex and host anemone. *A. barberi* does not show any of these variations.

### Similar species

*A. rubrocinctus* and *A. melanopus* are geographically distinct. *A. rubrocinctus* has a distribution restricted to north western Australia while *A melanopus* is widely distributed in the western Pacific, from the Great Barrier Reef north to the Marshall Islands and Guam, New Guinea and from Vanuatu and New Caledonia to eastern Indonesia. There are significant color-pattern differences, with *A. melanopus* having a dark brown or blackish body, compared to the red orange of *A. barberi*. *A. melanopus* also has 19-26 spines in the upper-opercular series while *A. barberi* has only 11-19.

## Distribution and Habitat

*A. barberi* is reliably only known in the Western Pacific in Fiji, Tonga, and the Samoan Islands, a regional hotspot of endemism.

### Host anemones

The relationship between anemonefish and their host sea anemones is not random and instead is highly nested in structure. *A. barberi* is specialised, being hosted by only 2 out of the 6 host anemones found in the region. *A. barberi* is hosted by the following species of anemone:

## Conservation status

Anemonefish and their host anemones are found on coral reefs and face similar environmental issues. Like corals, anemone's contain intracellular endosymbionts, zooxanthellae, and can suffer from bleaching due to triggers such as increased water temperature or acidification. Characteristics known to elevate the risk of extinction are small geographic range, small local population and extreme habitat specialisation. While *A. barberi* has a small geographic range, it is said to be common in Fiji and frequently encountered in Samoa and its ability to use two different anemone hosts may reduce the risk of extinction associated with extreme specialisation. This species was not evaluated in the 2012 release of the IUCN Red List.

## Etymology

The specific name honours Paul Barber of Boston University in recognition of his contributions to the study of genetic relationships of the organisms of Indo-Pacific coral reefs.

## InfoBox

| *Amphiprion barberi* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Family: | Pomacentridae |
| Genus: | *Amphiprion* |
| Species: | ***A. barberi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Amphiprion barberi***<br>Allen, Drew & Kaufman, 2008 | |
|


title: Dick Johnston (journalist)

abstract: Richard W. Johnston, was a Canadian sports journalist. A columnist for The Buffalo News, he won the Elmer Ferguson Memorial Award in 1986 and is a member of the media section of the Hockey Hall of Fame. He joined the paper in 1939 and retired in 1984.

text:
# Dick Johnston (journalist)

**Richard W. Johnston** (June 11, 1919 – November 6, 2008), was a Canadian sports journalist. A columnist for *The Buffalo News*, he won the Elmer Ferguson Memorial Award in 1986 and is a member of the media section of the Hockey Hall of Fame. He joined the paper in 1939 and retired in 1984.

## InfoBox

| Dick Johnson | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1919-06-11)June 11, 1919
Buffalo, New York |
| Died | November 6, 2008(2008-11-06) (aged 89)
Boston, Massachusetts |
| Alma mater | Cornell University |
| Occupation | journalist |
| Years active | 1939–1984 |
| Employer | *The Buffalo News* |
| Awards | Elmer Ferguson Memorial Award (1986) |


title: Amolops aniqiaoensis

abstract: Amolops aniqiaoensis, commonly known as the Aniqiao torrent frog, is a species of frog in the family Ranidae that is endemic to China. It is only known from the vicinity of its type locality, Aniqiao (阿尼桥) in Mêdog County in the southeast of Tibet. The habitat of Amolops aniqiaoensis is a large stream and the surrounding rocks. The site is located with the Yaluzangbudaxiagu National Nature Reserve, but IUCN considers that habitat loss and degradation due to small-scale farming is a threat to the species.

text:
# Amolops aniqiaoensis

***Amolops aniqiaoensis***, commonly known as the **Aniqiao torrent frog**, is a species of frog in the family Ranidae that is endemic to China. It is only known from the vicinity of its type locality, Aniqiao (阿尼桥) in Mêdog County in the southeast of Tibet.

The habitat of *Amolops aniqiaoensis* is a large stream and the surrounding rocks. The site is located with the Yaluzangbudaxiagu National Nature Reserve, but IUCN considers that habitat loss and degradation due to small-scale farming is a threat to the species.

## InfoBox

| *Amolops aniqiaoensis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Ranidae |
| Genus: | *Amolops* |
| Species: | ***A. aniqiaoensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Amolops aniqiaoensis***
Dong, Rao & Lu, 2005 | |
|


title: Edgar Odell Lovett

abstract: Edgar Odell Lovett was an American educator and education administrator. He was the first president of Rice Institute in Houston, Texas. Lovett was recommended to the post by Woodrow Wilson, then president of Princeton University.

text:
# Edgar Odell Lovett

**Edgar Odell Lovett** (April 14, 1871 – August 13, 1957) was an American educator and education administrator.

He was the first president of Rice Institute (now Rice University) in Houston, Texas. Lovett was recommended to the post by Woodrow Wilson, then president of Princeton University.

## Biography

### Early life and career

Lovett was born in Shreve, Ohio, to Zephania and Maria Elizabeth (née Spreng) Lovett. After graduating from Shreve High School, he earned his B.A. at Bethany College in Bethany, West Virginia, in 1890. Lovett taught and studied at West Kentucky College, in Mayfield, Kentucky, and completed his first doctorate degree at the University of Virginia in 1895. He completed his second doctorate in mathematics under the instruction of Sophus Lie at the University of Leipzig. In 1897, Lovett lectured at Johns Hopkins University, the University of Virginia, and the University of Chicago. In September 1897 he became an instructor at Princeton University, and in December he married Mary Ellen Hale. Mary Ellen was the daughter of the founder and head of West Kentucky College and the two met while he was there from 1890 to 1892 (Mary Ellen graduated from West Kentucky in 1892). He worked his way from instructor to assistant professor of mathematics (1898), professor (1900), and finally the head of the Department of Mathematics and Astronomy at Princeton (1908). He was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1904.

When planning Rice Institute, the board of trustees sought recommendations for the role of president from the presidents of other universities. Lovett was chosen on the recommendation of Woodrow Wilson, then president of Princeton, and was invited to become Rice's first president in 1907. He accepted and was inaugurated in 1908. Following his inauguration, Lovett was deeply involved in the planning of the university. He oversaw the acquisition of a new site for the campus, the initial architectural planning, the development of the curriculum, and the recruitment of faculty and students. Additionally, Lovett went on a world tour to study the workings of universities and technological institutes in Europe and Japan. Lovett announced his retirement from Rice in 1941, but stayed on through World War II, finally resigning on March 1, 1946. He was succeeded by William Vermillion Houston.

### Family

Lovett and his wife had two daughters and two sons.

Mary Ellen became homebound with severe arthritis and rarely left their residence at the Plaza Hotel in Houston from 1929 until her death in 1952. Lovett died in 1957 at Houston hospital after a two-week illness, and is buried at Glenwood Cemetery in Houston, Texas.

Adelaide Lovett graduated from Rice Institute, then went to study at the Sorbonne in Paris. Her mother stayed in Paris with her. In 1922, Adelaide earned her diplome de la Sorbonne, and returned to Houston. Later that year she married Walter Browne "W." Baker (son of James A. Baker and brother of James A. Baker Jr.), a prominent Houston banker who was awarded the Department of the Navy's Distinguished Civilian Service for his service during World War II in managing the purchasing of equipment for the Navy. Adelaide was a co-founder and first president of the Houston Junior League in 1924.

Henry Malcolm Lovett graduated from Rice and then obtained a law degree from Harvard University. After returning to Houston he joined the law firm of Baker & Botts (Baker, Botts, Parker & Garwood, now Baker Botts) in 1924 (with James A. Baker Jr., father of James Addison Baker III), and served as chairman of the Rice University board of trustees 1967 to 1973. He served on the Board of Advisors of Harvard Law School from 1965 to 1971. Henry and his wife Martha Wicks set up the Henry Malcolm Lovett Endowment Fund for the Fondren Library and the Martha and Henry Malcolm Lovett Distinguished Service Professor of Musicology at Rice University.

## Legacy

* Lovett Boulevard in southwest Houston, which runs from Taft Street west to just south of Westheimer Road, was named in his honor.
* The administration building was renamed Lovett Hall on December 4, 1947, to honor then-President Emeritus Lovett.
* Lovett College, a residential college at Rice University, was named after him.
* As part of Rice University's centennial celebrations in 2012, an 8-foot bronze sculpture of Lovett was erected .
* Edgar Odell Lovett Elementary School was named for him.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Edgar Odell Lovett | |
| --- | --- |
| Lovett pictured in *The Campanile 1917*, Rice yearbook | |
|  | |
| 1st President of Rice University | |
| **In office**
1912–1946 | |
| Succeeded by | William V. Houston |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1871-04-14)April 14, 1871
Shreve, Ohio, US |
| Died | August 13, 1957(1957-08-13) (aged 86)
Houston, Texas, US |
| Alma mater | Bethany College (BA)
University of Virginia (PhD)
University of Leipzig (PhD) |
|  | |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Mathematics |
| Institutions |  |
| Thesis | *The great inequality of Jupiter and Saturn* (1895) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Durrow healthcare consultancy

abstract: The Durrow healthcare consultancy is a partnership run by Andy Black and Ruth Harrison which works mainly in the UK, Scandinavia and Australasia. It specialises in direct management of current health services and radical strategic thinking in complex health economies. Many of the partners are former Chief Executives of NHS trusts. They are frequently employed by boards in the English NHS either to supply interim management or to advise on strategic difficulties. The firm were involved in the development of the new Royal Adelaide Hospital. They managed the building of the new Treatment Centre in Kidderminster for Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust. Black says "When I was a Whitehall official under Thatcher and Clarke I dedicated years to destroying NHS Estates and failed". Harrison was formerly Chief Executive of Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust which she left the day before the Healthcare Commission reported on problems at the Trust. The inspectors later wrote: "(We) consider there were significant failings on the part of the leadership at the trust and have recommended that the leadership change." Durrow was later employed by Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, whose chief executive, Samatha Jones, is related to her by marriage. The Trust said in response to criticism: "Following a competitive tendering process, specialist health management consultancy Durrow has been hired to manage a review of women's and children's services at Epsom and St Helier Hospitals." Durrow provided Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust with a temporary chief executive in 2009/10, Derek Smith, at a cost of more than £2,500 a day, plus almost £20,000 in expenses. Though the cost of interim executives was criticised the Trust credited them with turning round their financial situation. The trust predicted a break even in 2011/2012, whereas a £17m deficit had been predicted. Black has an interest in small rural hospitals. He told the BBC in September 2014: "If you pursue the centralisation of acute care you end up with a significant proportion of the smaller rural and semi rural hospitals which are deemed non-viable. But the citizens and the voters don't see it that way. So the political pathway to closing that hospital is closed, and the NHS pathway to making it successful is closed." He says there is no reason why "gold standard" acute hospital care cannot be cost-effectively delivered from small, well-equipped local hospitals in the future, but that achieving this will require "a number of (current) NHS conventions to be defied". Wycombe MP Steve Baker commissioned a report from the consultancy in 2014 about the future of Wycombe Hospital at a cost of £8000 from his parliamentary allowance. Their report suggested that the hospital could be used for a "new generation" of casualty unit with an ambulance station integrated into the hospital and could offer GP appointments. Baker was attacked by Linda Derrick, Wycombe Labour's spokesperson on health who said he "should have checked the reputations and credibility of the people who he was paying to provide him with advice on the future of Wycombe hospital." In response Durrow retorted: "The only thing I would say is millions of pounds have been spent by Labour on management consultants, so they are not adverse to that."

text:
# Durrow healthcare consultancy

The **Durrow healthcare consultancy** is a partnership run by Andy Black and Ruth Harrison which works mainly in the UK, Scandinavia and Australasia. It specialises in direct management of current health services and radical strategic thinking in complex health economies. Many of the partners are former Chief Executives of NHS trusts. They are frequently employed by boards in the English NHS either to supply interim management or to advise on strategic difficulties.

The firm were involved in the development of the new Royal Adelaide Hospital. They managed the building of the new Treatment Centre in Kidderminster for Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust. Black says "When I was a Whitehall official under Thatcher and Clarke I dedicated years to destroying NHS Estates and failed".

Harrison was formerly Chief Executive of Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust which she left the day before the Healthcare Commission reported on problems at the Trust. The inspectors later wrote: "(We) consider there were significant failings on the part of the leadership at the trust and have recommended that the leadership change." Durrow was later employed by Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, whose chief executive, Samatha Jones, is related to her by marriage. The Trust said in response to criticism: "Following a competitive tendering process, specialist health management consultancy Durrow has been hired to manage a review of women's and children's services at Epsom and St Helier Hospitals."

Durrow provided Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust with a temporary chief executive in 2009/10, Derek Smith, at a cost of more than £2,500 a day, plus almost £20,000 in expenses. Though the cost of interim executives was criticised the Trust credited them with turning round their financial situation. The trust predicted a break even in 2011/2012, whereas a £17m deficit had been predicted.

Black has an interest in small rural hospitals. He told the BBC in September 2014: "If you pursue the centralisation of acute care you end up with a significant proportion of the smaller rural and semi rural hospitals which are deemed non-viable. But the citizens and the voters don't see it that way. So the political pathway to closing that hospital is closed, and the NHS pathway to making it successful is closed." He says there is no reason why "gold standard" acute hospital care cannot be cost-effectively delivered from small, well-equipped local hospitals in the future, but that achieving this will require "a number of (current) NHS conventions to be defied".

Wycombe MP Steve Baker commissioned a report from the consultancy in 2014 about the future of Wycombe Hospital at a cost of £8000 from his parliamentary allowance. Their report suggested that the hospital could be used for a "new generation" of casualty unit with an ambulance station integrated into the hospital and could offer GP appointments. Baker was attacked by Linda Derrick, Wycombe Labour's spokesperson on health who said he "should have checked the reputations and credibility of the people who he was paying to provide him with advice on the future of Wycombe hospital." In response Durrow retorted: "The only thing I would say is millions of pounds have been spent by Labour on management consultants, so they are not adverse to that."


title: 1939 South African Grand Prix

abstract: The 1939 South African Grand Prix was a voiturette race held at the Prince George Circuit on 2 January 1939.

text:
# 1939 South African Grand Prix

The **1939 South African Grand Prix** was a voiturette race held at the Prince George Circuit on 2 January 1939.

## Classification

| Pos | No | Driver | Car | Laps | Time/Retired |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 6 | **Luigi Villoresi** | **Maserati 6CM** | 18 | 1:59'26" |
| 2 | 7 | **Franco Cortese** | **Maserati 6CM** | 18 | 2:00'50" |
| 3 | 15 | **Mario Massacuratti** | **Maserati 6CM** | 18 | 2:01'50" |
| 4 | 14 | **Roy Hesketh** | **ERA R3A** | 18 | 2:04'05" |
| 5 | 1 | **Earl Howe** | **ERA R8B** | 18 | 2:05'09" |
| 6 | 5 | **Armand Hug** | **Maserati 4CM** | 18 | 2:05'33" |
| 7 | 11 | **Peter Aitken** | **ERA R8B** | 18 | 2:09'56" |
| 8 | 9 | **Steve Chiappini** | **Maserati 6CM** | 18 | 2:09'56" |
| Ret | 12 | **Louis Gérard** | **Maserati 6CM** | 10 | Piston |
| Ret | 3 | **Fay Taylour** | **Riley 1500/6** | 4 | Engine |
| Ret | 12 | **Lukas Hunter** | **Benz-Truck** **6CM** | 5 | Engine |
| Ret | 2 | **Enzo Filangeri** | **Maserati 6CM** | 3 | Piston |
| Ret | 10 | **Peter Whitehead** | **ERA B** | 2 | Piston |
| Ret | 4 | **Paul Pietsch** | **Maserati 6CM** | 1 | Piston |
| Ret | 8 | **Piero Taruffi** | **Maserati 6CM** | 1 | Clutch |