title: 2008 Philadelphia Freedoms season

abstract: The 2008 Philadelphia Freedoms season was the eighth season of the franchise in World TeamTennis (WTT). The Freedoms finished the regular season with 7 wins and 7 losses and narrowly missed qualifying for the WTT playoffs. They were eliminated on a standings tiebreaker at the conclusion of the final match of the WTT regular season. The Freedoms were led by Travis Parrott, who was named 2008 WTT Male Rookie of the Year.

text:
# 2008 Philadelphia Freedoms season

The **2008 Philadelphia Freedoms season** was the eighth season of the franchise (in its current incarnation) in World TeamTennis (WTT).

The Freedoms finished the regular season with 7 wins and 7 losses and narrowly missed qualifying for the WTT playoffs. They were eliminated on a standings tiebreaker at the conclusion of the final match of the WTT regular season. The Freedoms were led by Travis Parrott, who was named 2008 WTT Male Rookie of the Year.

## Season recap

### Venus Williams returns, and Freedoms get a new home

At the WTT Marquee Player Draft on March 19, 2008, the Freedoms protected Venus Williams. They did not select any other marquee players. The team also announced that its home matches would be played at King of Prussia mall in Upper Merion Township, Pennsylvania starting with the 2008 season, after seven years at Cabrini College. A temporary stadium with a seating capacity of approximately 2,500 was to be constructed in the parking lot of The Court, then the smaller of the two buildings that composed the mall, in front of Macy's and Bloomingdale's. There would be room to expand the seating capacity of the stadium should demand merit doing so. Freedoms general manager Jeff Harrison said, "The Freedoms couldn’t be more excited to have the opportunity to play at such recognizable location. While this new site will give us the ability to expand our product, we want to assure our fans that they will continue to view world-class tennis in an intimate, exclusive setting. We are very confident that our new home will have a positive effect on our team, supporters and the community. Our relationship with the King of Prussia Mall allows us to grow awareness of the team and introduce some new fans to our brand of tennis." Owner Billie Jean King said, "The relocation of the Freedoms to King of Prussia Mall allows us to expand our overall fan experience. While we have enjoyed a spectacular run at Cabrini College, we have seen the success of other WTT franchises that showcase their teams in nontraditional settings. The timing is right, and the Philadelphia market is another perfect opportunity for us to continue with this approach. The Freedoms have a new home, and we will be driving more traffic to the mall. It's a win-win for everyone involved."

### Roster Player Draft

The Freedoms were active in the trade market at the WTT Roster Player Draft on April 1, 2008. In the first round, they protected local favorite Lisa Raymond, which left Jamea Jackson unprotected. Since Jackson had substituted for Raymond in 2007, she had to be protected in the first round (Raymond's 2007 position), if the Freedoms intended to keep her. Raymond, on the other hand, could have been protected in the fourth round, if the Freedoms had protected Jackson in the first round. In the second round, the Freedoms protected Travis Parrott, who had substituted for Daniel Nestor in 2007. Parrott was still technically a WTT rookie under the rules in place at the time, even though he played for Sacramento Capitals in 2006, and for the Freedoms in 2007. The Freedoms traded their third round pick to the Delaware Smash for Alex Bogomolov Jr., whom had been selected by the Smash with the seventh pick in the first round. The trade forced the Freedoms to leave 2006 WTT Male Most Valuable Player Nestor and Frédéric Niemeyer unprotected. The Smash used the third round selection it acquired from the Freedoms to draft Madison Brengle. In the fourth round, the Freedoms selected Audra Cohen and left Olga Savchuk unprotected. The Freedoms did not select any roster-exempt players.

### Substitutes for Raymond

On July 3, 2008, with Lisa Raymond's availability in doubt, because she and her partner Samantha Stosur reached the semifinals of the ladies' doubles tournament at Wimbedon, the Freedoms signed Carly Gullickson and Mouna Sabri as substitute players to replace her in the first two matches of the season. On July 6, the Freedoms signed Robin Stephenson as a substitute player to fill in for Raymond, who had lost the Wimbledon ladies' doubles final the previous day, in the third match of the season. The Freedoms expected to have both Raymond and Venus Williams, who with her sister Serena defeated Raymond and Stosur in that Wimbledon doubles final, available for the fourth match of the regular season on July 8. Raymond and Williams were to play women's doubles together in that match as well as the following two matches on the Freedoms' schedule.

### A rough start

The Freedoms opened their season on July 4, 2008, with a home match against the expansion Washington Kastles, which was the inaugural match for Washington. After falling behind 15–9 after three sets, the Freedoms started a comeback when Audra Cohen and Carly Gullickson won a tiebreaker in the fourth set of women's doubles. Gullickson and Travis Parrott followed with a 5–3 set win in mixed doubles to send the match to overtime with the Kastles leading 22–19. Mashona Washington and Scott Oudsema clinched a 23–19 victory for the Kastles when they won the first game of overtime.

The following evening, the Freedoms met the Springfield Lasers on the road and raced to a 15–8 lead after three sets. Alex Bogomolov Jr. won the opening set of men's singles and teamed with Parrott to win the third set of men's doubles. Cohen and Parrott won the second set of mixed doubles. After the Lasers won the fourth set of women's singles, the Freedoms still held and 18–13 lead. Shenay Perry and Chanelle Scheepers won a tiebreaker over Cohen and Mouna Sabri in the final set of women's doubles to send the match to overtime with the Freedoms leading, 22–18. Perry and Scheepers then won four straight overtime games and took the super tiebreaker, 7–2, to hand the Freedoms a shocking 23–22 loss.

On July 7, 2008, the Freedoms visited the New York Sportimes and won three of the five sets. However, Cohen's 5–0 set loss to Bethanie Mattek in the fourth set of women's singles meant the Freedoms still trailed, 20–18, after Robin Stephenson and Parrott won a tiebreaker in the final set of mixed doubles to send the match to overtime. Mattek and Brian Wilson won the first game of overtime to give the Sportimes a 21–18 victory and drop the Freedoms' record to 0 wins and 3 losses.

### Williams and Raymond arrive

Venus Williams and Lisa Raymond were both available for the third and final match of the Freedoms' early-season three-match road trip, and they had an immediate impact. The Freedoms visited the Delaware Smash on July 8, 2008, in the opener of a home-and-home series. Williams teamed with Travis Parrott for a 5–3 set win in the opening set of mixed doubles. She followed with a 5–2 set win in women's singles. Parrott and Alex Bogomolov Jr. won the third set of men's doubles, 5–3. Williams and Raymond earned a 5–2 set win in the fourth set of women's doubles. After the Smash won a tiebreaker in the closing set of men's singles, the match went to overtime with the Freedoms holding a commanding 24–15 lead. Bogomolov won the first game of overtime to secure the Freedoms' first victory of the season.

The Freedoms hosted the Smash the following evening in a match that was much tighter. Williams and Parrott dropped the opening set of mixed doubles, 5–2. Williams needed a tiebreaker to beat 18-year-old Madison Brengle in the second set of women's doubles. Bogomolov and Parrott gave the Freedoms a 12–11 lead with a 5–2 set win in the third set of men's doubles. The Smash surged to a 16–14 lead, when Brengle and Liezel Huber won the fourth set of women's doubles over Williams and Raymond. Bogomolov rescued the Freedoms by dominating the final set of men's singles, 5–1, to clinch a 19–17 win.

Paying for the fourth consecutive day in the fourth different venue, the Freedoms visited the Boston Lobsters on July 10, 2008. Williams gave them an early lead when she won an opening-set tiebreaker in women's singles and then teamed with Raymond for a 5–2 set win in women's doubles. The Lobsters worked their way back into the match by winning the final three sets, the last two in tiebreakers, to send the match to a super tiebreaker. Bogomolov and Parrott won a match-deciding point to win the super tiebreaker, 7–6, and give the Freedoms a 22–21 triumph. The victory evened the Freedoms' record at 3 wins and 3 losses.

### Stretch run

The Freedoms embarked on a four-match homestand with a record of 4 wins and 4 losses, having won four of their previous five matches. However, just as quickly as they appeared to have turned their season in the right direction, the Freedoms suffered another untimely three-match losing streak. In each of the three matches, the Freedoms lost four of the five full sets played. The closest of the three matches was a five-game overtime loss to the Kansas City Explorers. With three matches remaining on their schedule, the Freedoms' record stood at 4 wins and 7 losses.

In the final match of the homestand on July 19, 2008, the Freedoms, without warning, played their best match of the season against the New York Buzz, who entered the match with 7 wins and 3 losses. Alex Bogomolov Jr. and Travis Parrott started the match with a 5–2 set win in the opening set of men's doubles. Audra Cohen won the women's singles set, 5–3. Parrott teamed with Lisa Raymond for a 5–2 set win in the third set of mixed doubles. Raymond and Cohen won a tiebreaker in the fourth set of women's doubles. Bogomolov completed the five-set sweep for the Freedoms by winning a men's singles tiebreaker in the closing set to secure a 25–15 victory.

The next evening, the Freedoms visited the Washington Kastles, who had 5 wins and 6 losses and were in the thick of the race for the WTT wild card playoff berth. Bogomolov won the opening set of men's singles and teamed with Parrott to win the third set of men's doubles. Raymond paired with Cohen to win the second set of women's doubles and with Parrott to win the fourth set of mixed doubles. After Cohen lost the final set of women's singles, she clinched a 23–19 triumph by winning the first game of overtime.

The Freedoms closed their regular season on July 21, 2008, with a dominant home win over the Delaware Smash. Raymond teamed with Parrott for a 5–2 set win in the third set of mixed doubles and with Cohen for a 5–1 set win in the fourth set of women's doubles. Bogomolov paired with Parrott for a 5–3 set win in the opening set of men's doubles and closed out the match by posting a dominant 5–1 margin in the closing set of men's singles. The 23–12 victory evened the Freedoms' record at 7 wins and 7 losses and kept them alive in the WTT playoff race.

### Elimination from playoff contention

With their schedule completed, the Freedoms became interested spectators on the final day of the WTT regular season. They were fourth in the Eastern Conference, and their record stood at 7–7, identical to that of the Boston Lobsters, who held a tiebreaker edge over them. The Washington Kastles entered the final day fifth in the Eastern Conference at 5–8 and were eliminated. The Newport Beach Breakers held third place in the Western Conference at 5–8 and were also eliminated. It would seem that the Freedoms had no hope and that the Lobsters had already clinched the wild card. However, the wild card berth was to be awarded to the team that had the highest overall seeding without finishing in the top two places in its conference. That is not necessarily identical to the third place team with the best record. In the overall seeding of the teams, it remained possible for the 7–6 Sacramento Capitals, who had already clinched second place in the Western Conference, to finish 7–7, creating a three-way tie with the Lobsters and Freedoms. The games won against common opponents tiebreaker step would apply, and the Freedoms would be first with 157, the Lobsters second with 152 and the Capitals third with 133 plus the number of games they would win in a loss to the Sportimes. The maximum number of wins against common opponents the Capitals could reach in a loss was 157. Therefore, the tiebreaker would have given the Freedoms the wild card and the #4 seed in the WTT playoffs. The Capitals, as the second-place team in the Western Conference, would have been the #5 seed. The Lobsters would be eliminated, even though they held a head-to-head tiebreaker edge over the Freedoms, and even if they finished second in the three-team tiebreaker for the #4 and #5 seeds. Therefore, the Freedoms needed a Sportimes victory, which would give the Capitals a 7–7 record and create the three-way tie.

In a tightly contested match that ended the WTT regular season, which would have given the Sportimes the Eastern Conference title had they won, the Capitals prevailed in a final-set tiebreaker, 20–19. The Freedoms were eliminated from playoff contention on what was literally the season's final point played.

## Event chronology

## Draft picks

Since the Freedoms had the worse regular-season record of the two 2007 WTT conference championship match losers, they selected fourth from the bottom (eighth) in each round of WTT's two drafts.

### Marquee Player Draft

In the Marquee Player Draft on March 19, 2008, the Freedoms protected Venus Williams in the first round. They did not make a second-round selection.

### Roster Player Draft

The league conducted its 2008 Roster Player Draft on April 1, in Miami, Florida. The selections made by the Freedoms are shown in the table below.

| Round | No. | Overall | Player chosen | Prot? |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 8 | 8 | Lisa Raymond | Y |
| 2 | 8 | 19 | Travis Parrott | Y |
| 4 | 8 | 41 | Audra Cohen | N |

The Freedoms traded their third-round selection (30th overall) to the Delaware Smash for American Alex Bogomolov Jr.

The Freedoms did not select any roster-exempt players.

## Match log

| Legend | |
| --- | --- |
| Freedoms Win | Freedoms Loss |
| Home team in CAPS | |

| Match | Date | Venue and location | Result and details | Record |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | July 4 | King of Prussia mall
Upper Merion Township, Pennsylvania | **Washington Kastles 23**, PHILADELPHIA FREEDOMS 19 (overtime)
* MS: **Vince Spadea (Kastles) 5**, Alex Bogomolov Jr. (Freedoms) 3
* WS: **Mashona Washington (Kastles) 5**, Audra Cohen (Freedoms) 3
* MD: **Scott Oudsema/Vince Spadea (Kastles) 5**, Alex Bogomolov Jr./Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 3
* WD: **Audra Cohen/Carly Gullickson (Freedoms) 5**, Mashona Washington/Sacha Jones (Kastles) 4
* XD: **Carly Gullickson/Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 5**, Mashona Washington/Scott Oudsema (Kastles) 3
* OT - XD: **Mashona Washington/Scott Oudsema (Kastles) 1**, Carly Gullickson/Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 0 | 0–1 |
| 2 | July 5 | Mediacom Stadium at Cooper Tennis Complex
Springfield, Missouri | **SPRINGFIELD LASERS 23**, Philadelphia Freedoms 22 (super tiebreaker, 7–2)
* MS: **Alex Bogomolov Jr. (Freedoms) 5**, Glenn Weiner (Lasers) 3
* XD: **Audra Cohen/Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 5**, Shenay Perry/Todd Perry (Lasers) 2
* MD: **Alex Bogomolov Jr./Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 5**, Glenn Weiner/Todd Perry (Lasers) 3
* WS: **Chanelle Scheepers (Lasers) 5**, Audra Cohen (Freedoms) 3
* WD: **Shenay Perry/Chanelle Scheepers (Lasers) 5**, Audra Cohen/Mouna Sabri (Freedoms) 4
* OT - WD: **Shenay Perry/Chanelle Scheepers (Lasers) 4**, Audra Cohen/Mouna Sabri (Freedoms) 0
* STB - WD: **Shenay Perry/Chanelle Scheepers (Lasers) 7**, Audra Cohen/Mouna Sabri (Freedoms) 2 | 0–2 |
| 3 | July 7 | Sportime Stadium at Harbor Island
Mamaroneck, New York | **NEW YORK SPORTIMES 21**, Philadelphia Freedoms 18 (overtime)
* MD: **Brian Wilson/Jesse Witten (Sportimes) 5**, Alex Bogomolov Jr./Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 3
* WD: **Audra Cohen/Robin Stephenson (Freedoms) 5**, Bethanie Mattek/Hana Šromová (Sportimes) 3
* MS: **Alex Bogomolov Jr. (Freedoms) 5**, Jesse Witten (Sportimes) 3
* WS: **Bethanie Mattek (Sportimes) 5**, Audra Cohen (Freedoms) 0
* XD: **Robin Stephenson/Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 5**, Bethanie Mattek/Brian Wilson (Sportimes) 4
\*** Robin Stephenson substituted for Audra Cohen at 4–4
* OT - XD: **Bethanie Mattek/Brian Wilson (Sportimes) 1**, Robin Stephenson/Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 0 | 0–3 |
| 4 | July 8 | DuPont Country Club
Brandywine Hundred, Delaware | **Philadelphia Freedoms 25**, DELAWARE SMASH 15 (overtime)
* XD: **Venus Williams/Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 5**, Liezel Huber/Chris Haggard (Smash) 3
* WS: **Venus Williams (Freedoms) 5**, Madison Brengle (Smash) 2
* MD: **Alex Bogomolov Jr./Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 5**, Chris Haggard/Ryler DeHeart (Smash) 3
* WD: **Venus Williams/Lisa Raymond (Freedoms) 5**, Christina Fusano/Liezel Huber (Smash) 2
\*** Christina Fusano substituted for Madison Brengle at 1–1
* MS: **Ryler DeHeart (Smash) 5**, Alex Bogomolov Jr. (Freedoms) 4
* OT - MS: **Alex Bogomolov Jr. (Freedoms) 1**, Ryler DeHeart (Smash) 0 | 1–3 |
| 5 | July 9 | King of Prussia mall
Upper Merion Township, Pennsylvania | **PHILADELPHIA FREEDOMS 19**, Delaware Smash 17
* XD: **Liezel Huber/Chris Haggard (Smash) 5**, Venus Williams/Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 2
* WS: **Venus Williams (Freedoms) 5**, Madison Brengle (Smash) 4
* MD: **Alex Bogomolov Jr./Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 5**, Chris Haggard/Ryler DeHeart (Smash) 2
* WD: **Liezel Huber/Madison Brengle (Smash) 5**, Venus Williams/Lisa Raymond (Freedoms) 2
* MS: **Alex Bogomolov Jr. (Freedoms) 5**, Ryler DeHeart (Smash) 1 | 2–3 |
| 6 | July 10 | Ferncroft Country Club
Middleton, Massachusetts | **Philadelphia Freedoms 22**, BOSTON LOBSTERS 21 (super tiebreaker, 7–6)
* WS: **Venus Williams (Freedoms) 5**, Marie-Ève Pelletier (Lobsters) 4
* WD: **Venus Williams/Lisa Raymond (Freedoms) 5**, Raquel Kops-Jones/Marie-Ève Pelletier (Lobsters) 2
* XD: **Raquel Kops-Jones/Amir Hadad (Lobsters) 5**, Venus Williams/Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 3
* MS: **Jan-Michael Gambill (Lobsters) 5**, Alex Bogomolov Jr. (Freedoms) 4
* MD: **Amir Hadad/Jan-Michael Gambill (Lobsters) 5**, Alex Bogomolov Jr./Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 4
* STB - MD: **Alex Bogomolov Jr./Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 7**, Amir Hadad/Jan-Michael Gambill (Lobsters) 6 | 3–3 |
| 7 | July 12 | Sportime Stadium at Harbor Island
Mamaroneck, New York | **NEW YORK SPORTIMES 19**, Philadelphia Freedoms 18 (super tiebreaker, 7–5)
* MD: **Alex Bogomolov Jr./Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 5**, Brian Wilson/Jesse Witten (Sportimes) 1
* WD: **Lisa Raymond/Audra Cohen (Freedoms) 5**, Bethanie Mattek/Hana Šromová (Sportimes) 4
* MS: **Jesse Witten (Sportimes) 5**, Alex Bogomolov Jr. (Freedoms) 2
* XD: **Lisa Raymond/Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 5**, Bethanie Mattek/Brian Wilson (Sportimes) 3
* WS: **Bethanie Mattek (Sportimes) 5**, Lisa Raymond (Freedoms) 1
* STB - WS: **Bethanie Mattek (Sportimes) 7**, Lisa Raymond (Freedoms) 5 | 3–4 |
| 8 | July 13 | Washington Avenue Armory Sports and Convention Arena
Albany, New York | **Philadelphia Freedoms 22**, NEW YORK BUZZ 18 (overtime)
* XD: **Lisa Raymond/Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 5**, Yaroslava Shvedova/Nathan Healey (Buzz) 3
* MS: **Nathan Healey (Buzz) 5**, Alex Bogomolov Jr. (Freedoms) 4
* WD: **Lisa Raymond/Audra Cohen (Freedoms) 5**, Gabriela Navrátilová/Yaroslava Shvedova (Buzz) 3
* WS: **Audra Cohen (Freedoms) 5**, Yaroslava Shvedova (Buzz) 2
* MD: **Patrick Briaud/Nathan Healey (Buzz) 5**, Alex Bogomolov Jr./Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 2
* OT - MD: **Alex Bogomolov Jr./Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 1**, Patrick Briaud/Nathan Healey (Buzz) 0 | 4–4 |
| 9 | July 14 | King of Prussia mall
Upper Merion Township, Pennsylvania | **New York Sportimes 21**, PHILADELPHIA FREEDOMS 15
* MD: **Alex Bogomolov Jr./Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 5**, John McEnroe/Brian Wilson (Sportimes) 1
* WD: **Milagros Sequera/Hana Šromová (Sportimes) 5**, Lisa Raymond/Audra Cohen (Freedoms) 4
* MS: **John McEnroe (Sportimes) 5**, Alex Bogomolov Jr. (Freedoms) 4
* WS: **Milagros Sequera (Sportimes) 5**, Lisa Raymond (Freedoms) 1
\*** Lisa Raymond substituted for Audra Cohen at 0–3
* XD: **Milagros Sequera/Brian Wilson (Sportimes) 5**, Lisa Raymond/Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 1 | 4–5 |
| 10 | July 16 | King of Prussia mall
Upper Merion Township, Pennsylvania | **Kansas City Explorers 23**, PHILADELPHIA FREEDOMS 18 (overtime)
* MD: **Bob Bryan/Mike Bryan (Explorers) 5**, Alex Bogomolov Jr./Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 4
* WD: **Rennae Stubbs/Květa Peschke (Explorers) 5**, Lisa Raymond/Audra Cohen (Freedoms) 2
* XD: **Rennae Stubbs/Mike Bryan (Explorers) 5**, Lisa Raymond/Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 3
* WS: **Květa Peschke (Explorers) 5**, Audra Cohen (Freedoms) 4
* MS: **Alex Bogomolov Jr. (Freedoms) 5**, Dušan Vemić (Explorers) 2
* OT - MS: **Dušan Vemić (Explorers) 1**, Alex Bogomolov Jr. (Freedoms) 0 | 4–6 |
| 11 | July 17 | King of Prussia mall
Upper Merion Township, Pennsylvania | **Boston Lobsters 23**, PHILADELPHIA FREEDOMS 15
* MD: **Amir Hadad/Jan-Michael Gambill (Lobsters) 5**, Alex Bogomolov Jr./Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 3
* WS: **Marie-Ève Pelletier (Lobsters) 5**, Audra Cohen (Freedoms) 2
* XD: **Lisa Raymond/Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 5**, Raquel Kops-Jones/Amir Hadad (Lobsters) 3
* WD: **Raquel Kops-Jones/Marie-Ève Pelletier (Lobsters) 5**, Lisa Raymond/Audra Cohen (Freedoms) 1
* MS: **Jan-Michael Gambill (Lobsters) 5**, Alex Bogomolov Jr. (Freedoms) 4 | 4–7 |
| 12 | July 19 | King of Prussia mall
Upper Merion Township, Pennsylvania | **PHILADELPHIA FREEDOMS 25**, New York Buzz 15
* MD: **Alex Bogomolov Jr./Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 5**, Nathan Healey/Patrick Briaud (Buzz) 2
* WS: **Audra Cohen (Freedoms) 5**, Yaroslava Shvedova (Buzz) 3
* XD: **Lisa Raymond/Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 5**, Yaroslava Shvedova/Nathan Healey (Buzz) 2
* WD: **Lisa Raymond/Audra Cohen (Freedoms) 5**, Gabriela Navrátilová/Yaroslava Shvedova (Buzz) 4
* MS: **Alex Bogomolov Jr. (Freedoms) 5**, Jay Udwadia (Buzz) 4
\*** Jay Udwadia substituted for Nathan Healey at 4–4 | 5–7 |
| 13 | July 20 | Kastles Stadium at CityCenterDC
Washington, District of Columbia | **Philadelphia Freedoms 23**, WASHINGTON KASTLES 19 (overtime)
* MS: **Alex Bogomolov Jr. (Freedoms) 5**, Scott Oudsema (Kastles) 3
* WD: **Lisa Raymond/Audra Cohen (Freedoms) 5**, Mashona Washington/Sacha Jones (Kastles) 4
* MD: **Alex Bogomolov Jr./Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 5**, Scott Oudsema/Justin Gimelstob (Kastles) 3
* XD: **Lisa Raymond/Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 5**, Mashona Washington/Justin Gimelstob (Kastles) 4
* WS: **Sacha Jones (Kastles) 5**, Audra Cohen (Freedoms) 2
* OT - WS: **Audra Cohen (Freedoms) 1**, Sacha Jones (Kastles) 0 | 6–7 |
| 14 | July 21 | King of Prussia mall
Upper Merion Township, Pennsylvania | **PHILADELPHIA FREEDOMS 23**, Delaware Smash 12
* MD: **Alex Bogomolov Jr./Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 5**, Chris Haggard/Josh Cohen (Smash) 3
* WS: **Madison Brengle (Smash) 5**, Audra Cohen (Freedoms) 3
* XD: **Lisa Raymond/Travis Parrott (Freedoms) 5**, Christina Fusano/Chris Haggard (Smash) 2
* WD: **Lisa Raymond/Audra Cohen (Freedoms) 5**, Christina Fusano/Madison Brengle (Smash) 1
* MS: **Alex Bogomolov Jr. (Freedoms) 5**, Josh Cohen (Smash) 1 | 7–7 |

## Team personnel

### On-court personnel

### Front office

**Notes:**

## Statistics

Players are listed in order of their game-winning percentage provided they played in at least 40% of the Freedoms' games in that event, which is the WTT minimum for qualification for league leaders in individual statistical categories.

Men's singles

| Player | GP | GW | GL | PCT |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Alex Bogomolov Jr. | 114 | 61 | 53 | .535 |
| Total | 114 | 61 | 53 | .535 |

Women's singles

| Player | GP | GW | GL | PCT |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Audra Cohen | 71 | 28 | 43 | .394 |
| Venus Williams | 25 | 15 | 10 | .600 |
| Lisa Raymond | 10 | 2 | 8 | .200 |
| Total | 106 | 45 | 61 | .425 |

Men's doubles

| Player | GP | GW | GL | PCT |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Alex Bogomolov Jr. | 109 | 61 | 48 | .560 |
| Travis Parrott | 109 | 61 | 48 | .560 |
| Total | 109 | 61 | 48 | .560 |

Women's doubles

| Player | GP | GW | GL | PCT |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Lisa Raymond | 84 | 44 | 40 | .524 |
| Audra Cohen | 94 | 46 | 48 | .489 |
| Robin Stephenson | 8 | 5 | 3 | .625 |
| Venus Williams | 21 | 12 | 9 | .571 |
| Carly Gullickson | 9 | 5 | 4 | .556 |
| Mouna Sabri | 14 | 4 | 10 | .286 |
| Total | 115 | 58 | 57 | .504 |

Mixed doubles

| Player | GP | GW | GL | PCT |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Lisa Raymond | 61 | 34 | 27 | .557 |
| Travis Parrott | 110 | 59 | 51 | .536 |
| Audra Cohen | 15 | 9 | 6 | .600 |
| Carly Gullickson | 9 | 5 | 4 | .556 |
| Robin Stephenson | 2 | 1 | 1 | .500 |
| Venus Williams | 23 | 10 | 13 | .435 |
| Total | 110 | 59 | 51 | .536 |

Team totals

| Event | GP | GW | GL | PCT |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's singles | 114 | 61 | 53 | .535 |
| Women's singles | 106 | 45 | 61 | .425 |
| Men's doubles | 109 | 61 | 48 | .560 |
| Women's doubles | 115 | 58 | 57 | .504 |
| Mixed doubles | 110 | 59 | 51 | .536 |
| Total | 554 | 284 | 270 | .513 |

## Transactions

## Individual honors and achievements

Travis Parrott was named WTT Male Rookie of the Year.

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6. "Philadelphia Freedoms @ Springfield Lasers". *World TeamTennis*. July 5, 2008. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved January 7, 2017.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
7. "Philadelphia Freedoms @ New York Sportimes". *World TeamTennis*. July 7, 2008. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved October 6, 2016.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
8. "Philadelphia Freedoms @ Delaware Smash". *World TeamTennis*. July 8, 2008. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved January 7, 2017.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
9. "Delaware Smash @ Philadelphia Freedoms". *World TeamTennis*. July 9, 2008. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved January 7, 2017.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
10. "Philadelphia Freedoms @ Boston Lobsters". *World TeamTennis*. July 10, 2008. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved December 26, 2016.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
11. "New York Buzz @ Philadelphia Freedoms". *World TeamTennis*. July 19, 2008. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved October 9, 2016.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
12. "Philadelphia Freedoms @ Washington Kastles". *World TeamTennis*. July 20, 2008. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved January 7, 2017.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
13. "Delaware Smash @ Philadelphia Freedoms". *World TeamTennis*. July 21, 2008. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved January 7, 2017.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
14. "New York Sportimes @ Sacramento Capitals". *World TeamTennis*. July 23, 2008. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved December 3, 2016.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
15. "Philadelphia Freedoms @ New York Sportimes". *World TeamTennis*. July 12, 2008. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved November 25, 2016.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
16. "Philadelphia Freedoms @ New York Buzz". *World TeamTennis*. July 13, 2008. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved October 9, 2016.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
17. "New York Sportimes @ Philadelphia Freedoms". *World TeamTennis*. July 14, 2008. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved November 27, 2016.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
18. "Kansas City Explorers @ Philadelphia Freedoms". *World TeamTennis*. July 16, 2008. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved January 7, 2017.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
19. "World Team Tennis 2008". *TalkAboutTennis.com*. July 16, 2008. Retrieved January 7, 2017.
20. "Boston Lobsters @ Philadelphia Freedoms". *World TeamTennis*. July 17, 2008. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved December 26, 2016.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
21. "Delgado, Stubbs Capture World TeamTennis MVP Honors". *World TeamTennis*. July 25, 2008. Retrieved November 6, 2016.

## InfoBox

| 2008 Philadelphia Freedoms season | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | 4th Eastern |
| Record | |
| 2008 record | 7 wins, 7 losses |
| Home record | 3 wins, 4 losses |
| Road record | 4 wins, 3 losses |
| Games won–lost | 284–270 |
| Team info | |
| Owner(s) | Billie Jean King *et al* |
| General manager | Jeff Harrison |
| Coach | Craig Kardon |
| Stadium | King of Prussia mall (capacity: 2,500) |
|


title: Arthur V. Loughren

abstract: Arthur V. Loughren was an American electrical engineer who played a prominent role in the development of NTSC television. Loughren was born in Rensselaer, New York, and received his BA (1923) and EE (1925) degrees from Columbia University. He then worked at General Electric in its vacuum tube engineering department 1925–1927; radio engineering department 1927–1929; RCA engineering department 1930–1934; and radio receiver engineering section 1934–1936. In 1936 he joined Hazeltine Corporation, during World War II helped develop IFF equipment for the Navy, and afterwards directed its research on color television. He died at his home in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii. Loughren was a fellow of the Institute of Radio Engineers, the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, and the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. He received the 1953 SMPTE David Sarnoff Medal Award "for his contributions to the development of compatible color television, including his active work on the principle of constant luminance; for his participation in color video standards activities; and for his guidance in compatible color television", and the 1955 IEEE Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Award "for his leadership and technical contributions in the formulation of the signal specification for compatible color television". Loughren was president of the Institute of Radio Engineers in 1956.

text:
# Arthur V. Loughren

**Arthur V. Loughren** (September 15, 1902 – December 14, 1993) was an American electrical engineer who played a prominent role in the development of NTSC television.

Loughren was born in Rensselaer, New York, and received his BA (1923) and EE (1925) degrees from Columbia University. He then worked at General Electric in its vacuum tube engineering department 1925–1927; radio engineering department 1927–1929; RCA engineering department 1930–1934; and radio receiver engineering section 1934–1936. In 1936 he joined Hazeltine Corporation, during World War II helped develop IFF equipment for the Navy, and afterwards directed its research on color television. He died at his home in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii.

Loughren was a fellow of the Institute of Radio Engineers, the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, and the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. He received the 1953 SMPTE David Sarnoff Medal Award "for his contributions to the development of compatible color television, including his active work on the principle of constant luminance; for his participation in color video standards activities; and for his guidance in compatible color television", and the 1955 IEEE Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Award "for his leadership and technical contributions in the formulation of the signal specification for compatible color television". Loughren was president of the Institute of Radio Engineers in 1956.


title: 2010 Guia Race of Macau

abstract: The 2010 Guia Race of Macau was the eleventh and final round of the 2010 World Touring Car Championship season and the sixth running of the Guia Race of Macau as a World Touring Car Championship round. It was held at the Guia Circuit on the streets of Macau on 21 November 2010. The race was part of the Macau Grand Prix weekend, headlined by the 2010 Macau Grand Prix Formula Three. Chevrolet sealed their first manufacturers' championship while Sergio Hernández secured the Yokohama Independents' Trophy for the second time. Race one was won by polesitter Robert Huff of Chevrolet RML, while Norbert Michelisz took his maiden victory in race two, driving for Zengő-Dension Team.

text:
# 2010 Guia Race of Macau

The **2010 Guia Race of Macau** (formally the **2010 Guia Race of Macau, presented by Sociedade de Jogos de Macau**) was the eleventh and final round of the 2010 World Touring Car Championship season and the sixth running of the Guia Race of Macau as a World Touring Car Championship round. It was held at the Guia Circuit on the streets of Macau on 21 November 2010. The race was part of the Macau Grand Prix weekend, headlined by the 2010 Macau Grand Prix Formula Three.

Chevrolet sealed their first manufacturers' championship while Sergio Hernández secured the Yokohama Independents' Trophy for the second time.

Race one was won by polesitter Robert Huff of Chevrolet RML, while Norbert Michelisz took his maiden victory in race two, driving for Zengő-Dension Team.

## Background

The drivers' championship was decided after the FIA found the use of sequential gearboxes by BMW Team RBM at the Race of Japan to be illegal and both of their drivers, Andy Priaulx and Augusto Farfus were stripped of all points earned at the event. This meant Yvan Muller of the factory Chevrolet team secured the world drivers' championship title. Outgoing champion Gabriele Tarquini was still defending second in the championship ahead of Priaulx and Huff. Hernández was leading the Yokohama Independents' Trophy which was still to be decided.

Stefano D'Aste opted to miss the final round of the season in order to attend the Monza Rally Show, despite still being in mathematical contention for the Yokohama Trophy title. André Couto joined SR-Sport for the event, driving the car previously raced by Jordi Gené and Michaël Rossi. Local driver Jo Merszei joined Liqui Moly Team Engstler, as did Japanese racer Masaki Kano. Jacob & Co Racing ran a Honda Accord Euro R for Hong Kong driver Philip Ma and Portuguese team Team Novadriver Total ran a BMW 320si for César Campaniço. Another Honda Accord was entered for their driver Kuok Io Keong and Chan Kin Man raced a self–run Honda Civic Type R.

## Report

### Testing and free practice

Huff topped an interrupted opening test session on Thursday, with team–mate Alain Menu second. New champion Muller was fifth and Couto was the fastest of the local drivers in tenth. The first stoppage occurred just one lap into the session when Chan Kin Man and Andrei Romanov crashed at the Hospital Bend. Then ten minutes from the end, Kano clipped the barriers at the R–Bend to bring out the red flags again.

Huff topped the times in free practice one on Friday, Priaulx was second and Monteiro was third.

Free practice two saw Huff complete his testing and practice domination, topping the times with Muller second and Monteiro third for the second session in a row. The session had been delayed as barrier repairs were required following the preceding support race session with FP2 starting two hours later than scheduled. The session was not stopped at any point, however Mehdi Bennani spun his Wiechers-Sport BMW at R–Bend and Fredy Barth stopped after hitting the barriers at Faraway in his SEAT.

### Qualifying

Having led all the practice sessions, Huff went on take pole position in a lengthened qualifying which went into a second day. The first session started on Friday afternoon but almost immediately the red flags came out when Tom Coronel hit the barriers at Fishermen's Bend. Once the barriers were repaired, the session resumed but Priaulx hit the barrier at R–Bend. He broke the front left wheel off his BMW and slowly returned to the pits but the session was stopped again as Kano spun his Engstler BMW at the first corner and was stranded in the middle of the track. Qualifying resumed once again but Kristian Poulsen brought the session to a half for a third time when he collided with the barriers at Paiol with his BMW ending up parked across the track. Scuderia Proteam Motorsport driver Hernández then crashed while trying to avoid Poulsen's stranded car. By this time it was getting dark and when the session restarted Muller set the fastest time with Huff second. Coronel stopped on track and Q1 was brought to a close after running for almost two hours. The race director decided to delay Q2 until the following morning as darkness set in.

After Q2 had taken place on Saturday morning, Huff took pole position and Michelisz qualified second. A race one grid penalty for the Hungarian driver would see Muller start alongside his Chevrolet team–mate on the front row and Menu would make it a Chevrolet 1–2–3. Muller had hit the barrier at Lisboa in the opening minutes while trying to get ahead of Couto. Monteiro was the leading SR–Sport driver by ending up fifth and Farfus was the leading BMW in sixth. Tarquini, Priaulx, Darryl O'Young and Couto completed the top ten.

### Warm-Up

Pole sitter Huff was quickest in the Sunday morning warm–up session, O'Young the fastest independent driver.

### Race One

Huff led away from pole position followed by Muller while further back there was contact between Priaulx and Couto with both ending up in the barrier at turn one. Couto and Michel Nykjær, who had also been caught up in the incident, both retired while Priaulx limped back to the pits for repairs. As the pack of cars approached Lisboa, Menu outbraked himself and collided with the wall which dropped him from third to fifteenth. The safety came out on the first lap while the cars of Couto and Nykjær were cleared up. After the race was resumed, O'Young was tapped by the SEAT of Coronel, he lost control of his Chevrolet Lacetti and crashed into the wall at Lisboa having also collected Barth. Coronel was handed a drive–through penalty for causing the collision. Three laps from the end, Huff led Muller and Monteiro while Farfus was defending fourth from Tarquini. The BMW driver was eventually passed by the Italian and then by Michelisz. Ho brought out the final safety car when he crashed and his car came to a rest blocking the track. The race ended under the safety car with Huff claiming the victory, Muller second, Monteiro third, Tarquini fourth, Michelisz fifth and Farfus sixth. Menu had hauled himself back up from fifteenth to seventh to beat Yokohama Trophy winner Poulsen.

### Race Two

Poulsen started from the reversed grid pole but was passed by Michelisz and Tarquini at the Mandarin curve. Front row starter Menu had stalled and Farfus had dropped down to fourth at the start, he was however able to elevate himself to third at the expense of Poulsen approaching Lisboa. The race was stopped on the first lap when Romanov, O'Young and Nobuteru Taniguchi collided and blocked the track at Police with the rest of the field stuck behind them. Damage sustained in the pileup also forced Barth and Yukinori Taniguchi to retire. The race was restarted behind the safety car with Michelisz leading Tarquini and Farfus. Colin Turkington served a drive–through penalty after his mechanics continued to work on his car after the three-minute board was shown on the grid. Muller and Huff passed Poulsen before Muller let his team–mate pass him in order to catch Farfus. In attempting a pass, Huff knocked Farfus' rear bumper off but was eventually able to pass and started to close in on Tarquini. Farfus dropped down the order further when Muller passed him on lap nine. Kano and Campaniço both crashed out the race. Michelisz led until the end to claim his first WTCC win with Tarquini second and race one winner Huff third. Hernández beat Engstler to finish ninth and claim the Yokohama Trophy title for the second time.

## Results

### Qualifying

| Pos. | No. | Name | Team | Car | C | Q1 | Q2 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 7 | Robert Huff | Chevrolet RML | Chevrolet Cruze LT |  | 2:32.323 | 2:31.321 |
| 2 | 5 | Norbert Michelisz | Zengő-Dension Team | SEAT León 2.0 TDI |  | 2:33.013 | 2:31.728 |
| 3 | 6 | Yvan Muller | Chevrolet RML | Chevrolet Cruze LT |  | 2:31.948 | 2:31.773 |
| 4 | 8 | Alain Menu | Chevrolet RML | Chevrolet Cruze LT |  | 2:32.809 | 2:31.862 |
| 5 | 3 | Tiago Monteiro | SR-Sport | SEAT León 2.0 TDI |  | 2:32.416 | 2:31.946 |
| 6 | 10 | Augusto Farfus | BMW Team RBM | BMW 320si |  | 2:33.610 | 2:32.222 |
| 7 | 1 | Gabriele Tarquini | SR-Sport | SEAT León 2.0 TDI |  | 2:33.274 | 2:32.222 |
| 8 | 11 | Andy Priaulx | BMW Team RBM | BMW 320si |  | 2:33.331 | 2:32.478 |
| 9 | 20 | Darryl O'Young | bamboo-engineering | Chevrolet Lacetti | **Y** | 2:33.197 | 2:33.185 |
| 10 | 66 | André Couto | SR-Sport | SEAT León 2.0 TDI |  | 2:33.869 | 2:37.073 |
| 11 | 18 | Fredy Barth | SEAT Swiss Racing by SUNRED | SEAT León 2.0 TDI |  | 2:34.045 |  |
| 12 | 17 | Michel Nykjær | SUNRED Engineering | SEAT León 2.0 TDI |  | 2:34.190 |  |
| 13 | 2 | Tom Coronel | SR-Sport | SEAT León 2.0 TDI |  | 2:34.191 |  |
| 14 | 25 | Sergio Hernández | Scuderia Proteam Motorsport | BMW 320si | **Y** | 2:34.869 |  |
| 15 | 29 | Colin Turkington | Team Aviva-COFCO | BMW 320si |  | 2:35.246 |  |
| 16 | 15 | Franz Engstler | Liqui Moly Team Engstler | BMW 320si | **Y** | 2:37.094 |  |
| 17 | 21 | Mehdi Bennani | Wiechers-Sport | BMW 320si | **Y** | 2:37.984 |  |
| 18 | 72 | Yukinori Taniguchi | bamboo-engineering | Chevrolet Lacetti | **Y** | 2:39.267 |  |
| 19 | 63 | César Campaniço | Team Novadriver Total | BMW 320si | **Y** | 2:40.315 |  |
| 20 | 51 | Henry Ho | Ho Chun Kei / Sports & You Asia | BMW 320si | **Y** | 2:40.396 |  |
| 21 | 45 | Kevin Chen | Scuderia Proteam Motorsport | BMW 320si | **Y** | 2:40.840 |  |
| 22 | 43 | Nobuteru Taniguchi | Scuderia Proteam Motorsport | BMW 320si | **Y** | 2:40.897 |  |
| 23 | 24 | Kristian Poulsen | Poulsen Motorsport | BMW 320si | **Y** | 2:42.455 |  |
| 107% time: 2:42.584 | | | | | | | |
|  | 50 | Jo Merszei | Liqui Moly Team Engstler | BMW 320si | **Y** | 2:45.002 |  |
|  | 47 | Masaki Kano | Liqui Moly Team Engstler | BMW 320si | **Y** | 2:45.574 |  |
|  | 16 | Andrei Romanov | Liqui Moly Team Engstler | BMW 320si | **Y** | no time set |  |
|  | 53 | Philip Ma | Jacob & Co Racing | Honda Accord Euro R | **Y** | no time set |  |

### Race 1

| Pos. | No. | Name | Team | Car | C | Laps | Time/Retired | Grid | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 7 | **Robert Huff** | Chevrolet RML | Chevrolet Cruze LT |  | 11 | 35:34.840 | 1 | **25** |
| 2 | 6 | Yvan Muller | Chevrolet RML | Chevrolet Cruze LT |  | 11 | +0.366 | 2 | **18** |
| 3 | 3 | Tiago Monteiro | SR-Sport | SEAT León 2.0 TDI |  | 11 | +0.631 | 4 | **15** |
| 4 | 1 | Gabriele Tarquini | SR-Sport | SEAT León 2.0 TDI |  | 11 | +0.909 | 6 | **12** |
| 5 | 5 | Norbert Michelisz | Zengő-Dension Team | SEAT León 2.0 TDI |  | 11 | +1.306 | 7 | **10** |
| 6 | 10 | Augusto Farfus | BMW Team RBM | BMW 320si |  | 11 | +1.967 | 5 | **8** |
| 7 | 8 | Alain Menu | Chevrolet RML | Chevrolet Cruze LT |  | 11 | +2.564 | 3 | **6** |
| 8 | 24 | Kristian Poulsen | Poulsen Motorsport | BMW 320si | **Y** | 11 | +2.823 | 21 | **4** |
| 9 | 15 | Franz Engstler | Liqui Moly Team Engstler | BMW 320si | **Y** | 11 | +3.503 | 16 | **2** |
| 10 | 21 | Mehdi Bennani | Wiechers-Sport | BMW 320si | **Y** | 11 | +3.998 | 22 | **1** |
| 11 | 25 | Sergio Hernández | Scuderia Proteam Motorsport | BMW 320si | **Y** | 11 | +4.614 | 14 |  |
| 12 | 2 | Tom Coronel | SR-Sport | SEAT León 2.0 TDI |  | 11 | +4.770 | 13 |  |
| 13 | 72 | Yukinori Taniguchi | bamboo-engineering | Chevrolet Lacetti | **Y** | 11 | +8.465 | 17 |  |
| 14 | 63 | César Campaniço | Team Novadriver Total | BMW 320si | **Y** | 11 | +8.961 | 18 |  |
| 15 | 16 | Andrei Romanov | Liqui Moly Team Engstler | BMW 320si | **Y** | 11 | +9.439 | 25 |  |
| 16 | 43 | Nobuteru Taniguchi | Scuderia Proteam Motorsport | BMW 320si | **Y** | 11 | +13.059 | 20 |  |
| 17 | 45 | Kevin Chen | Scuderia Proteam Motorsport | BMW 320si | **Y** | 11 | +24.421 | 23 |  |
| 18 | 53 | Philip Ma | Jacob & Co Racing | Honda Accord Euro R | **Y** | 11 | +26.043 | 26 |  |
| 19 | 50 | Jo Merszei | Liqui Moly Team Engstler | BMW 320si | **Y** | 11 | +27.592 | 24 |  |
| 20 | 47 | Masaki Kano | Liqui Moly Team Engstler | BMW 320si | **Y** | 10 | +1 Lap | 27 |  |
| 21 | 51 | Henry Ho | Ho Chun Kei / Sports & You Asia | BMW 320si | **Y** | 8 | +3 Laps | 19 |  |
| NC | 11 | Andy Priaulx | BMW Team RBM | BMW 320si |  | 7 | +4 Laps | 8 |  |
| Ret | 20 | Darryl O'Young | bamboo-engineering | Chevrolet Lacetti | **Y** | 4 | Race incident | 9 |  |
| Ret | 18 | Fredy Barth | SEAT Swiss Racing by SUNRED | SEAT León 2.0 TDI |  | 4 | Race incident | 11 |  |
| Ret | 29 | Colin Turkington | Team Aviva-COFCO | BMW 320si |  | 4 | Transmission | 15 |  |
| Ret | 66 | André Couto | SR-Sport | SEAT León 2.0 TDI |  | 0 | Race incident | 10 |  |
| Ret | 17 | Michel Nykjær | SUNRED Engineering | SEAT León 2.0 TDI |  | 0 | Race incident | 12 |  |

* **Bold** denotes *Fastest lap*.

### Race 2

| Pos. | No. | Name | Team | Car | C | Laps | Time/Retired | Grid | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 5 | Norbert Michelisz | Zengő-Dension Team | SEAT León 2.0 TDI |  | 10 | 54:37.415 | 4 | **25** |
| 2 | 1 | Gabriele Tarquini | SR-Sport | SEAT León 2.0 TDI |  | 10 | +1.193 | 5 | **18** |
| 3 | 7 | **Robert Huff** | Chevrolet RML | Chevrolet Cruze LT |  | 10 | +1.543 | 8 | **15** |
| 4 | 6 | Yvan Muller | Chevrolet RML | Chevrolet Cruze LT |  | 10 | +10.886 | 7 | **12** |
| 5 | 10 | Augusto Farfus | BMW Team RBM | BMW 320si |  | 10 | +14.675 | 3 | **10** |
| 6 | 2 | Tom Coronel | SR-Sport | SEAT León 2.0 TDI |  | 10 | +14.894 | 12 | **8** |
| 7 | 11 | Andy Priaulx | BMW Team RBM | BMW 320si |  | 10 | +15.716 | 22 | **6** |
| 8 | 3 | Tiago Monteiro | SR-Sport | SEAT León 2.0 TDI |  | 10 | +16.360 | 6 | **4** |
| 9 | 25 | Sergio Hernández | Scuderia Proteam Motorsport | BMW 320si | **Y** | 10 | +20.951 | 11 | **2** |
| 10 | 15 | Franz Engstler | Liqui Moly Team Engstler | BMW 320si | **Y** | 10 | +25.099 | 9 | **1** |
| 11 | 17 | Michel Nykjær | SUNRED Engineering | SEAT León 2.0 TDI |  | 10 | +43.156 | 26 |  |
| 12 | 21 | Mehdi Bennani | Wiechers-Sport | BMW 320si | **Y** | 10 | +47.302 | 10 |  |
| 13 | 29 | Colin Turkington | Team Aviva-COFCO | BMW 320si |  | 10 | +1:01.671 | 27 |  |
| 14 | 45 | Kevin Chen | Scuderia Proteam Motorsport | BMW 320si | **Y** | 10 | +1:47.235 | 17 |  |
| 15 | 53 | Philip Ma | Jacob & Co Racing | Honda Accord Euro R | **Y** | 10 | +1:52.404 | 18 |  |
| 16 | 63 | César Campaniço | Team Novadriver Total | BMW 320si | **Y** | 8 | +2 Laps | 14 |  |
| Ret | 47 | Masaki Kano | Liqui Moly Team Engstler | BMW 320si | **Y** | 6 | Race incident | 20 |  |
| Ret | 24 | Kristian Poulsen | Poulsen Motorsport | BMW 320si | **Y** | 4 | Race incident | 1 |  |
| Ret | 50 | Jo Merszei | Liqui Moly Team Engstler | BMW 320si | **Y** | 3 | Race incident | 19 |  |
| Ret | 8 | Alain Menu | Chevrolet RML | Chevrolet Cruze LT |  | 2 | Clutch | 2 |  |
| Ret | 16 | Andrei Romanov | Liqui Moly Team Engstler | BMW 320si | **Y** | 0 | Race incident | 15 |  |
| Ret | 43 | Nobuteru Taniguchi | Scuderia Proteam Motorsport | BMW 320si | **Y** | 0 | Race incident | 16 |  |
| Ret | 72 | Yukinori Taniguchi | bamboo-engineering | Chevrolet Lacetti | **Y** | 0 | Race incident | 13 |  |
| Ret | 18 | Fredy Barth | SEAT Swiss Racing by SUNRED | SEAT León 2.0 TDI |  | 0 | Race incident | 25 |  |
| Ret | 20 | Darryl O'Young | bamboo-engineering | Chevrolet Lacetti | **Y** | 0 | Race incident | 23 |  |
| DNS | 51 | Henry Ho | Ho Chun Kei / Sports & You Asia | BMW 320si | **Y** | 0 | Did not start | 21 |  |
| DNS | 66 | André Couto | SR-Sport | SEAT León 2.0 TDI |  | 0 | Did not start | 24 |  |

* **Bold** denotes *Fastest lap*.

## Standings after the event

* **Note:** Only the top five positions are included for both sets of drivers' standings.

| World Touring Car Championship | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Previous race:
2010 FIA WTCC Race of Japan | **2010 World Touring Car Championship season** | Next race:
2011 FIA WTCC Race of Brazil |
| Previous race:
2009 Guia Race of Macau | **Guia Race of Macau** | Next race:
2011 Guia Race of Macau |

## InfoBox

2010 Guia Race of Macau
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Round 11 of 11 in the 2010 World Touring Car Championship at Guia Circuit in Macau. | |
| Date | 21 November, 2010 |
| Location | Macau |
| Course | Guia Circuit
6.117 kilometres (3.801 mi) |
| Race One | |
| Laps  11  Pole position  Driver   Robert Huff Chevrolet RML  Time   2:31.321   Podium  First   Robert Huff Chevrolet RML  Second   Yvan Muller Chevrolet RML  Third   Tiago Monteiro SR-Sport  Fastest Lap  Driver   Robert Huff Chevrolet RML  Time   2:33.560 | |
| Race Two | |
| Laps  10  Podium  First   Norbert Michelisz Zengő-Dension Team  Second   Gabriele Tarquini SR-Sport  Third   Robert Huff Chevrolet RML  Fastest Lap  Driver   Robert Huff Chevrolet RML  Time   2:32.766 | |


title: 2-Chloropropionic acid

abstract: 2-Chloropropionic acid (2-chloropropanoic acid) is the chemical compound with the formula CH3CHClCO2H. This colorless liquid is the simplest chiral chlorocarboxylic acid, and it is noteworthy for being readily available as a single enantiomer. The conjugate base of 2-chloropropionic acid (CH3CHClCO2−), as well as its salts and esters, are known as 2-chloropropionates or 2-chloropropanoates.

text:
# 2-Chloropropionic acid

**2-Chloropropionic acid** (**2-chloropropanoic acid**) is the chemical compound with the formula CH3CHClCO2H. This colorless liquid is the simplest chiral chlorocarboxylic acid, and it is noteworthy for being readily available as a single enantiomer. The conjugate base of 2-chloropropionic acid (CH3CHClCO2), as well as its salts and esters, are known as 2-chloropropionates or 2-chloropropanoates.

## Preparation

Racemic 2-chloropropionic acid is produced by chlorination of propionyl chloride followed by hydrolysis of the 2-chloropropionyl chloride. Enantiomerically pure (*S*)-2-chloropropionic acid can be prepared from L-alanine via diazotization in hydrochloric acid. Other α-amino acids undergo this reaction.

## Reactions

Reduction of (*S*)-2-chloropropionic acid with lithium aluminium hydride affords (*S*)-2-chloropropanol, the simplest chiral chloro-alcohol. This alcohol undergoes cyclization upon treatment with potassium hydroxide, which causes dehydrohalogenation to give the epoxide, (*R*)-propylene oxide (methyloxirane).

2-Chloropropionyl chloride reacts with isobutylbenzene to give, after hydrolysis, ibuprofen.

## Safety

In general, α-halocarboxylic acids and their esters are good alkylating agents and should be handled with care. 2-Chloropropionic acid is a neurotoxin.

## InfoBox

2-Chloropropionic acid
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name 2-Chloropropanoic acid | |
| Other names α-Chloropropanoic acid
α-Chloropropionic acid | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.009.049 |
| EC Number | * 209-952-3 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| RTECS number | * UE8575000 |
| UNII |  |
| UN number | 2511 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C3H5ClO2/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h2H,1H3,(H,5,6) YKey: GAWAYYRQGQZKCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y * InChI=1/C3H5ClO2/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h2H,1H3,(H,5,6)Key: GAWAYYRQGQZKCR-UHFFFAOYAW | |
| SMILES * ClC(C(=O)O)C | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C3H5ClO2 |
| Molar mass | 108.52 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Density | 1.18 g/mL |
| Melting point | −13 °C (9 °F; 260 K) |
| Boiling point | 78 °C (172 °F; 351 K) at 10 mmHg |
| Solubility in water | Miscible |
| Hazards | |
| **Occupational safety and health** (OHS/OSH): | |
| Main hazards | Toxic, corrosive |
| **GHS** labelling: | |
| Pictograms |  |
| Signal word | **Danger** |
| Hazard statements | H301, H302, H310, H314, H331, H371, H373 |
| Precautionary statements | P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P350, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P309+P311, P310, P311, P314, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P403+P233, P405, P501 |
| Flash point | 101 °C (214 °F; 374 K) |
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds | Propionic acid
Chloroacetic acid |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


title: 2010 Slovak parliamentary election

text:
# 2010 Slovak parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Slovakia on 12 June 2010. The elections were contested by eighteen parties, six of which passed the 5% threshold for sitting in parliament. Despite the incumbent Smer of Prime Minister Robert Fico winning a plurality, the new government consisted of a coalition led by the Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party's Iveta Radičová and included KDH, SaS and Most-Hid. However, her government fell on 11 October 2011 following a vote of no confidence with a new election called for 10 March 2012.

## Background

A total of 2,401 candidates applied to contest the 150 seats.

Polls in February 2010 had indicated that the current governing party Smer-SD (Direction – Social Democracy) would win a plurality with a margin of 25%. However the five opposition right-wing parties – the Slovak Democratic and Christian Union (SDKÚ-DS), the Christian Democratic Movement (KDH), the Party of the Hungarian Coalition (SMK-MKP), Most–Híd, and Freedom and Solidarity (SaS) – could together gain a majority. There were conflicting reports during the campaign as to whether some of these parties would consider joining with Fico. During pre-election campaigning, reports indicated that the *"Christian Democrats and the two ethnic Hungarian parties had not ruled out working with Fico."* Rumours were reported that prime minister Robert Fico might have secretly agreed not to enter a coalition with the Slovak nationalists again, unless he had no other choice. A later poll by of the Czech News Agency suggested that the governing coalition would lose its majority, and that one of Fico's allies (HZDS) would struggle with the 5% barrier.

## Participating parties

| Party | | Ideology | Political position | Leader |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Direction – Social Democracy (Smer–SD) | Social democracy
Left-wing populism | Centre-left | Robert Fico |
|  | Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party (SDKÚ–DS) | Liberal conservatism
Christian democracy | Centre-right | Iveta Radičová |
|  | Freedom and Solidarity (SaS) | Liberalism
Right-libertarianism | Centre-right | Richard Sulík |
|  | Christian Democratic Movement (KDH) | Christian democracy
Social conservatism | Centre-right | Ján Figeľ |
|  | Bridge (Most–Híd) | Hungarian minority interests
Christian democracy | Centre-right | Béla Bugár |
|  | Slovak National Party (SNS) | Ultranationalism
Right-wing populism | Far-right | Ján Slota |

## Campaign

During the parliamentary elections the SDKÚ-DS ran on a platform of fiscal discipline and pledging to reinvigorate the economy.

## Opinion polls

According to polling agency Focus in May 2010, eight parties would cross the 5% threshold needed for participation in parliament.

| Party | January 2010 | February 2010 | March 2010 | April 2010 | May 2010 | June 2010 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Direction – Social Democracy | 41.4% | 38.6% | 38.4% | 36.8% | 35.3% | 29.5% |
| Slovak National Party | 6.2% | 6.2% | 6.3% | 8.6% | 6.1% | 7.7% |
| People's Party – Movement for a Democratic Slovakia | 6.5% | 5.8% | 5.4% | 5.4% | 5.1% | 5% |
| Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party | 15.2% | 11.3% | 14.3% | 13.6% | 14% | 12.1% |
| Freedom and Solidarity | 5.1% | 9.6% | 8.6% | 11.5% | 13.3% | 12.4% |
| Christian Democratic Movement | 9.0% | 9.6% | 9.7% | 8.6% | 8.3% | 9.2% |
| Most–Híd | 5.2% | 5.6% | 6.9% | 5.1% | 5.6% | 6.5% |
| Party of the Hungarian Coalition | 5.6% | 5.1% | 5.2% | 5.1% | 5.9% | 5.2% |

According to a poll of the Institute of public affairs (IVO) the voter participation would be about 50 to 60%.

## Results

|  | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Votes | % | +/– | Seats | +/– |
|  | Direction – Social Democracy | 880,111 | 34.80 | +5.65 | 62 | +12 |
|  | Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party | 390,042 | 15.42 | −2.93 | 28 | −3 |
|  | Freedom and Solidarity | 307,287 | 12.15 | New | 22 | New |
|  | Christian Democratic Movement | 215,755 | 8.53 | +0.21 | 15 | +1 |
|  | Most–Híd | 205,538 | 8.13 | New | 14 | New |
|  | Slovak National Party | 128,490 | 5.08 | −6.66 | 9 | −11 |
|  | Party of the Hungarian Coalition | 109,638 | 4.33 | −7.35 | 0 | −20 |
|  | People's Party – Movement for a Democratic Slovakia | 109,480 | 4.33 | −4.47 | 0 | −15 |
|  | Party of the Democratic Left | 61,137 | 2.42 | +2.3 | 0 | 0 |
|  | People's Party Our Slovakia | 33,724 | 1.33 | New | 0 | New |
|  | Communist Party of Slovakia | 21,104 | 0.83 | −3.07 | 0 | 0 |
|  | Union – Party for Slovakia (Free Forum–+1 Voice) | 17,741 | 0.70 | −2.77 | 0 | 0 |
|  | Paliho Kapurková, Cheerful Political Party | 14,576 | 0.58 | New | 0 | New |
|  | European Democratic Party | 10,332 | 0.41 | New | 0 | New |
|  | New Democracy | 7,962 | 0.31 | New | 0 | New |
|  | Party of the Roma Coalition | 6,947 | 0.27 | New | 0 | New |
|  | Union of the Workers of Slovakia | 6,196 | 0.24 | −0.06 | 0 | 0 |
|  | AZEN – Alliance for Europe of the Nations | 3,325 | 0.13 | New | 0 | New |
| Total | | 2,529,385 | 100.00 |  | 150 | 0 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 2,529,385 | 98.86 |  | | |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 29,180 | 1.14 |  | | |
| Total votes | | 2,558,565 | 100.00 |  | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 4,362,369 | 58.65 |  | | |
| Source: Volby, IFES | | | | | | |

### Results by region

| Region | Smer-SD | SDKÚ-DS | SaS | KDH | Most-Híd | SNS | SMK/MKP | ĽS-HZDS | SDĽ | ĽSNS | Other parties |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
| Bratislava Region | 25.11 | **27.58** | 18.03 | 7.99 | 8.25 | 3.85 | 0.95 | 2.69 | 2.04 | 0.64 |  |
| Trnava Region | **26.98** | 13.68 | 10.88 | 7.09 | 18.18 | 3.67 | 10.28 | 3.27 | 1.98 | 0.89 |  |
| Trenčín Region | **44.78** | 12.97 | 12.63 | 7.97 | 1.41 | 7.11 | 0.02 | 5.93 | 2.78 | 1.09 |  |
| Nitra Region | **30.70** | 11.81 | 9.12 | 5.25 | 17.26 | 4.44 | 12.90 | 3.16 | 1.93 | 1.03 |  |
| Žilina Region | **42.45** | 12.61 | 12.75 | 10.98 | 1.40 | 9.07 | 0.02 | 4.36 | 2.59 | 0.93 |  |
| Banská Bystrica Region | **35.15** | 14.22 | 12.68 | 5.44 | 7.18 | 5.06 | 5.41 | 5.40 | 2.79 | 2.18 |  |
| Prešov Region | **41.68** | 13.66 | 9.91 | 14.97 | 1.67 | 3.75 | 0.05 | 4.59 | 2.60 | 2.08 |  |
| Košice Region | **31.61** | 16.07 | 11.02 | 8.16 | 10.13 | 3.64 | 5.31 | 5.36 | 2.60 | 1.79 |  |
|  | | | | | | | | | |
| Total in Slovakia | **34.80** | 15.42 | 12.15 | 8.53 | 8.13 | 5.08 | 4.33 | 4.33 | 2.42 | 1.33 |  |
|  | | | | | | | | | |
| Cities | **32.46** | 19.68 | 15.03 | 7.98 | 7.20 | 4.62 | 2.43 | 3.56 | 2.39 | 1.34 |  |
| Villages | **37.64** | 10.20 | 8.62 | 9.19 | 9.25 | 5.63 | 6.65 | 5.26 | 2.44 | 1.32 |  |

## New government

Incumbent Prime Minister Robert Fico's Direction – Social Democracy (Smer) party increased its seat share by 12 to 62. However, Fico faced an uphill battle to remain prime minister, as his coalition partners were decimated. The Slovak National Party barely passed the 5% vote threshold required for parliamentary representation while losing 11 of their 20 seats, while the People's Party – Movement for a Democratic Slovakia was shut out of the chamber altogether. Despite the setback, Fico said that he wanted to try to form a cabinet even though his leftist coalition could only command 71 of the 150 parliament seats and would thus force the need for at least one of the opposing centre-right parties. This has been described as an unlikely, but possible, occurrence, because opposition parties stated during the election that they would not enter government with Fico. One analyst said that he "strictly rule\[d\] out that any of the centre-right parties could team up with Smer."

The Slovak President, Ivan Gasparovic, asked Fico to attempt to form a government stating that "I believe that the party that won such support from the people deserves the chance."

The second placed Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party had coalition talks with the Christian Democratic Movement, Freedom and Solidarity and Most–Híd. On 16 June it was reported that the four opposition parties which had won seats in the parliament had agreed to form a government under the leadership of Radičová.

An agreement on the distribution of ministries was reached on 28 June 2010. Radičová was then sworn in as PM on 8 July 2010, after her coalition (comprising SDKU, KDH, SaS and Most-Hid) secured a majority of 79 seats in the 150-seat parliament and Fico and his cabinet tendered their resignations. The new government pledged to cut state spending and the budget deficit and to attract more foreign investment, while steering clear of tax rises. "We are ready to take responsibility over the country at a time when it is coping with the impact of a deep economic crisis and the irresponsible decisions of our political predecessors." They have also sought, through Most-Hid, to rebuild links with Hungary that were badly damaged by the adoption of contentious language and citizenship laws.

### Fall of government

On 11 October 2011, parliament voted to approve the expansion of the European Financial Stability Fund on the grounds, according to the Freedom and Solidarity, that Slovakia, the second poorest eurozone country, should not bailout richer countries such as Greece and for bank re-capitalisation. As Slovakia was the last eurozone country to vote on the measure, Radičová made it a no confidence vote. The measure then failed by 21 votes after both Freedom and Solidarity and Smer abstained. However, another vote was expected with Smer rumoured to support it should there be a new election and more stringent terms. Smer came to an agreement with the governing coalition to support the measure in what Fico called "the most important document of this period." He also explained the first round rejection of the measure as "saying 'no' to a rightist government, but we're saying 'yes' to the rescue fund." As per the agreement between the two parties Minister Mikulas Dzurinda said that a snap election has been called: "We decided that as the first point of \[Thursday's\] parliamentary session, we will work on a proposal to shorten the voting period, with the goal of organising an election on 10 March. Immediately after \[13 October or 14 October\] we will debate proposals related to the EFSF."

1. "Slovakia's parliamentary elections set for June 12". The Slovak Spectator. 2 February 2010. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
2. "Voľby do Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky". Volbysr.sk. Archived from the original on 14 June 2010. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
3. "Radio Slovakia International". Rozhlas.sk. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
4. "Radio Slovakia International". Rozhlas.sk. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
5. posten. "Premier fürchtet um Regierungsmehrheit". *Der Standard*. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
6. "Corruption rife, but fails to rile Slovak voters". *Businessneweurope.eu*. 14 April 2010. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
7. "Business finance news – currency market news – online UK currency markets – financial news – Interactive Investor". Iii.co.uk. 7 May 2010. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
8. posten (22 May 2010). "Regierungskoalition in Umfragen ohne Mehrheit". *Der Standard*. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
9. "FOCUS". Focus-research.sk. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
10. "Slovakia's leftist leader wins Pyrrhic victory as right claims majority". *Deutsche Welle*. 13 June 2010. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
11. Bednarikova, Tatiana (13 June 2010). "Slovak president taps leftist premier to form government". *Agence France-Presse*. Archived from the original on 25 January 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
12. "Slovak right wins vote and look set to oust leftist PM". *Reuters*. 13 June 2010. Archived from the original on 19 October 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
13.
14. "Coalition parties agree on ministries and SaS presiding over parliament". The Slovak Spectator. 29 June 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2011.
15. "Slovak president appoints liberal Radicova as PM". *Agence France-Presse*. 8 July 2010. Archived from the original on 11 July 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2011.
16. "Slovak right backs Radičová to lead cabinet". EurActiv. 16 June 2010. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 12 October 2011.
17. "Sociologist Iveta Radicova becomes Slovakia's first female prime minister". Istockanalyst.com. 8 July 2010. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2011.
18. "Fri, Jul 9, 2010 – Sociologist Iveta Radicova becomes Slovakia's first female prime minister". *The Irish Times*. 7 July 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2011.
19. Rob Cameron (11 October 2011). "Slovakia votes down eurozone bailout expansion plans". *BBC News*. Retrieved 12 October 2011.
20. "Slovak lawmakers reject eurozone's revamped EFSF rescue fund". *Bangkok Post*. Retrieved 12 October 2011.
21. "Slovak rivals reach deal to back EU bailout fund". *BBC News*. 12 October 2011.

## InfoBox

2010 Slovak parliamentary election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  All 150 seats in the National Council
76 seats needed for a majority | |
| Turnout | 58.65% ( 3.98 pp) |
| First party Second party Third party   Leader Robert Fico Iveta Radičová Richard Sulík  Party Smer SDKÚ–DS SaS  Last election 50 seats, 29.1% 31 seats, 18.4% *Did not exist*  Seats won 62 28 22  Seat change  12  3 *New*  Popular vote 880,111 390,042 307,287  Percentage 34.8% 15.42% 12.1%  Swing  5.7 pp  2.9 pp *New*   ---  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Ján Figeľ Béla Bugár Ján Slota  Party KDH Most–Híd SNS  Last election 14 seats, 8.3% *Did not exist* 20 seats, 11.7%  Seats won 15 14 9  Seat change  1 *New*  11  Popular vote 215,755 205,538 128,490  Percentage 8.5% 8.1% 5.1%  Swing  0.2 pp *New*  6.7 pp | |
| ---  Results of the election, showing vote strength by district. | |
| ---  **Prime Minister before election**
Robert Fico
Smer **Elected Prime Minister**
Iveta Radičová
SDKÚ–DS | |


title: Eucirroedia

abstract: Eucirroedia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

text:
# Eucirroedia

***Eucirroedia*** is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Eucirroedia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Eucirroedia pampina | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Subfamily: | Cuculliinae |
| Genus: | *Eucirroedia*<br>Grote, 1875 |
|


title: Auschwitz cross

abstract: The Auschwitz cross is a cross in front of the Auschwitz concentration camp, in Oświęcim County, Poland, which was erected to commemorate the spot where 151 prisoners were shot by Gerhard Palitzsch on 11 November 1941.

text:
# Auschwitz cross

The **Auschwitz cross** is a cross in front of the Auschwitz concentration camp, in Oświęcim County, Poland, which was erected to commemorate the spot where 151 prisoners (including 80 Poles) were shot by Gerhard Palitzsch on 11 November 1941.

## Catholic presence and opposition

Carmelite nuns opened a convent near the camp in 1984 and have been major supporters of keeping the cross on the grounds, despite opposition. Prominent Jewish organisations attempted to pressure Poland to remove the cross. Edgar Bronfman, president of the World Jewish Congress called for the removal of the convent. Public statements from Theo Klein, president of the Council of Jews in France, Jewish activist Serge Klarsfeld, and Gerhard Riegner, representative of the World Jewish Congress, also demanded the removal of the convent. The American branch of the World Jewish Congress also protested with statements from chairman Wolfe Kelman and the Orthodox faction representative Zvi Zakheim. Representatives of the Catholic Church agreed in 1987.

One year later the Carmelites erected the large cross, previously used to celebrate Pope John Paul II's 1979 Mass for some 500,000 people on the grounds of the Auschwitz II (Birkenau) extermination camp, to commemorate the spot where 151 prisoners (including 80 Poles) were shot by Gerhard Palitzsch on 11 November, 1941. This Mass took place just outside Block 11, a torture prison in Auschwitz I, visible from within the camp.

Tensions escalated into 1989 when two notable protests occurred. In May 1989, the Women's International Zionist Organization led a protest of 300 members carrying signs and Israeli flags. In July 1989, New York City Rabbi Avraham Weiss traveled with six supporters and led a protest that earned international notoriety. Weiss and his supporters scaled the fence of the convent wearing concentration camp uniforms. The group then harassed the nuns with banging and shouting until local Polish workers ran them off with buckets of water. Representatives of the Council of Jews and the World Jewish Congress stated that mostly Jews were killed at Auschwitz and demanded that religious symbols be kept away from the site. Ian Kagedan of B'nai Brith Canada called the erection of the cross, "an obvious gap in understanding."

The central issue in the controversy over the Auschwitz cross was articulated by the author and former Catholic priest James Carroll:

> If Jewish responses to the Holocaust, which range from piety to nihilism, are complex and multifaceted, Christian interpretations of the near elimination of Jews from Europe, however respectfully put forth, must inevitably be even more problematic. The \[Auschwitz\] cross signifies the problem: when suffering is seen to serve a universal plan of salvation, its particular character as tragic and evil is always diminished. The meaningless can be made to shimmer with an eschatological hope, and at Auschwitz this can seem like blasphemy. \[...\]
>
> Once, for Christians to speak among ourselves about the murder of six million as a kind of crucifixion would have seemed an epiphany of compassion, paying the Jews the highest tribute, as if the remnant of Israel had at last become, in this way, the Body of Christ. Yet such spiritualizing can appear to do what should have been impossible, which is to make the evil worse: the elimination of Jewishness from the place where Jews were eliminated.
>
> The Body of Christ? If Jesus had been bodily at Auschwitz, as protesting Jews insisted, he would have died an anonymous victim with a number on his arm, that is all. And he would have done so not as the Son of God, not as the redeemer of humankind, not as the Jewish Messiah, but simply as a Jew. And in a twist of history folding back on itself, his crime would have been tied to the cross — "He killed our God!" That indictment, first brought as an explicit charge of deicide as early as the second century by a bishop, Melito of Sardis, was officially quashed by the bishops of the Second Vatican Council in 1965, yet it remains the ground of all Jew hatred. That, at bottom, is why it is inconceivable that any Jew should look with equanimity on a cross at Auschwitz, and why no Christian should be able to behold it there as anything but a blow to conscience.
>
> James Carroll, Constantine's Sword

The Carmelites remained in their convent until 1993 and moved then to a new convent nearby; their cross was not removed and is clearly visible from the former camp's Block 11.

In March 1998 the Plenipotentiary for Relations with the Jewish Diaspora, Krzysztof Śliwiński, was quoted in a French newspaper as saying that the cross would be removed, because its presence was disrespectful of the Jewish legacy at Auschwitz. By the end of March 1998, a large group of government and nongovernment leaders, including then Chief of the Prime Minister's Cabinet Wiesław Walendziak, 130 Sejm deputies, 16 senators, former President Lech Wałęsa, Cardinal Józef Glemp, and Gdańsk Archbishop Tadeusz Rakoczy, went on record as opposing the removal of the cross. The leader of the *Defenders of the Pope's Cross*, Kazimierz Świtoń, and Mieczysław Janosz, leader of the *Association of War Victims*, which leased the land on which the cross stood, distributed leaflets opposing the removal of the cross. Kazimierz Świtoń died in 2014.

## New crosses

In August 1998, the erection of some hundreds of additional smaller crosses outside Auschwitz, despite the opposition of the country's bishops, sparked intense controversy in the Polish Catholic and international Jewish community. Government efforts to resolve the situation in the fall of 1998 through the courts by revoking the lease on the land held by the Association of War Victims was met with little success. The government wanted the local courts to agree to appoint an administrator for the former convent site pending a legal decision on the validity of the lease revocation. In October 1998, the local court refused the request to appoint such an administrator, a decision upheld in December 1998 by an appeals court in Bielsko-Biała, which returned the lease issue to the local court. At the end of 1998, complicated legal maneuverings continued, and two separate cases were before the local court—the government's effort to break the lease and the tenants' effort to have the government action ruled illegal.

In May 1999, the Parliament passed a government-sponsored law to protect the sites of all the former camps in the country. The government consulted with international Jewish groups in preparing the law, which gave the government the power it needed to resolve the issue of the "new crosses".

In late May 1999, Świtoń announced that he had laid explosives under the site where the crosses were erected, and that he would detonate them if the government attempted to remove him or the crosses. Police officers quickly arrested Świtoń for possessing explosives and making public threats. After Świtoń's arrest, local authorities removed the crosses to a nearby Franciscan monastery, under the supervision of the local bishop, and sealed off the site to prevent the erection of additional crosses. The large cross is not to be removed from the site for the time being.

An elderly man from the far-right organisation Telewizja Narodowe had built a 2-story tall wooden cross beside a temporary campground on the highway on the day of the 70th anniversary. He denied an interview while sitting by a wood-burning fireplace under a blue cover.

## Further reading

* Zubrzycki, Geneviève (2006). *The crosses of Auschwitz: nationalism and religion in post-communist Poland*. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-99304-3.

50°01′29″N 19°12′11″E / 50.024762°N 19.203072°E / 50.024762; 19.203072 (Site of Auschwitz Cross with Block 11 in background at Auschwitz I)


title: 1991–92 Slovenian Hockey League season

abstract: The 1991–92 Slovenian Hockey League season was the first season of the Slovenian Hockey League. Prior to this, Slovenia was part of SFR Yugoslavia and Slovenian teams participated in the Yugoslav Ice Hockey League. At the end of the regular season the playoffs were held. Jesenice went on to win the first Slovenian Hockey Championship.

text:
# 1991–92 Slovenian Hockey League season

The **1991–92 Slovenian Hockey League season** was the first season of the Slovenian Hockey League. Prior to this, Slovenia was part of SFR Yugoslavia and Slovenian teams participated in the Yugoslav Ice Hockey League.

At the end of the regular season the playoffs were held. Jesenice went on to win the first Slovenian Hockey Championship.

## Teams

| Team | City | Arena | 1990–91 result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Olimpija | Ljubljana | Tivoli Hall | Yugoslav First League, 2nd |
| Jesenice | Jesenice | Podmežakla Hall | Yugoslav First League, 4th |
| Bled | Bled | Bled Ice Hall | Yugoslav First League, 6th |
| Slavija | Ljubljana | Zalog Ice Rink | Yugoslav First League, 10th |
| Cinkarna | Celje | Mestni Park | Yugoslav Second League, 1st |
| Jesenice II | Jesenice | Podmežakla Hall | Yugoslav Second League, 2nd |
| Olimpija II | Ljubljana | Tivoli Hall | Yugoslav Second League, 3rd |
| Triglav | Kranj | Gorenjski Sejem | Yugoslav Second League, 5th |
|

## Standings after the regular season

| Rk | Team | GP | W | T | L | GF | GA | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Jesenice | 14 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 161 | 31 | **25** |
| 2. | Olimpija | 14 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 202 | 24 | **25** |
| 3. | Bled | 14 | 9 | 0 | 5 | 156 | 38 | **18** |
| 4. | Jesenice II | 14 | 7 | 0 | 7 | 88 | 71 | **14** |
| 5. | Celje | 14 | 7 | 0 | 7 | 71 | 81 | **14** |
| 6. | Triglav Kranj | 14 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 70 | 144 | **12** |
| 7. | Olimpija II | 14 | 2 | 0 | 12 | 45 | 127 | **4** |
| 8. | Slavija | 14 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 9 | 306 | **0** |

## Play-offs

### First Part

| Rk | Team | GP | W | L | GF | GA | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Olimpija | 6 | 5 | 1 | 40 | 15 | **13** |
| 2. | Jesenice | 6 | 4 | 2 | 41 | 16 | **12** |
| 3. | Bled | 6 | 2 | 4 | 22 | 30 | **6** |
| 4. | Jesenice II | 6 | 1 | 5 | 16 | 58 | **3** |

### Final

Jesenice defeated Olimpija 4–3 in a best of seven series.

* Olimpija – Jesenice 4–3
* Jesenice – Olimpija 4–3
* Olimpija – Jesenice 2–3
* Jesenice – Olimpija 6–3
* Olimpija – Jesenice 3–0
* Jesenice – Olimpija 2–5
* Olimpija – Jesenice 3–6

### Third place

Bled defeated Jesenice II 3–0 in a best of five series.

* Bled – Jesenice II 9–3
* Jesenice II – Bled 1–10
* Bled – Jesenice II 7–1

## InfoBox

| 1991–92 Slovenian Hockey League Season | |
| --- | --- |
| League | Slovenian Ice Hockey League |
| Sport | Ice hockey |
| Regular-season winner | Jesenice |
| Champions | Jesenice |
| Runners-up | Olimpija |


abstract: The 1926 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1926 Big Ten Conference football season. In their second year under head coach Clarence Spears, the Golden Gophers compiled a 5–3 record and outscored their opponents by a combined score of 269 to 57. Fullback Herb Joesting was named an All-American by the Associated Press and Look Magazine. Joestring, Tackle Mitchell Gary, guard Harold Hanson and end Roger Wheeler were named All-Big Ten first team. Total attendance for the season was 156,032, which averaged out to 31,206 per game. The season high for attendance was against rival Michigan.

text:
# 1926 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team

1926 Big Ten Conference football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| No. 3 Michigan \+ | 5 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 7 |  | 1 |  | 0 |
| No. 10 Northwestern \+ | 5 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 7 |  | 1 |  | 0 |
| No. 8 Ohio State | 3 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 7 |  | 1 |  | 0 |
| Purdue | 2 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |  | 5 |  | 2 |  | 1 |
| Wisconsin | 3 |  | 2 |  | 1 |  |  | 5 |  | 2 |  | 1 |
| No. 10 Illinois | 2 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 6 |  | 2 |  | 0 |
| Minnesota | 2 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 3 |  | 0 |
| Indiana | 0 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  | 5 |  | 0 |
| Iowa | 0 |  | 5 |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  | 5 |  | 0 |
| Chicago | 0 |  | 5 |  | 0 |  |  | 2 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * \+  Conference co-champions Rankings from Dickinson System | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1926 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team** represented the University of Minnesota in the 1926 Big Ten Conference football season. In their second year under head coach Clarence Spears, the Golden Gophers compiled a 5–3 record and outscored their opponents by a combined score of 269 to 57.

Fullback Herb Joesting was named an All-American by the Associated Press and Look Magazine. Joestring, Tackle Mitchell Gary, guard Harold Hanson and end Roger Wheeler were named All-Big Ten first team.

Total attendance for the season was 156,032, which averaged out to 31,206 per game. The season high for attendance was against rival Michigan.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| October 2 | North Dakota* |  | W 51–0 | 18,000 |  |
| October 9 | Notre Dame* | * Memorial Stadium * Minneapolis, MN | L 7–20 | 54,000 |  |
| October 16 | at Michigan |  | L 0–20 | 48,000 |  |
| October 23 | Wabash* | * Memorial Stadium * Minneapolis, MN | W 67–7 | 16,000 |  |
| October 30 | at Wisconsin |  | W 16–10 | 42,000 |  |
| November 6 | at Iowa |  | W 41–0 | 30,000 |  |
| November 13 | Butler* | * Memorial Stadium * Minneapolis, MN | W 81–0 | 8,000 |  |
| November 20 | Michigan | * Memorial Stadium * Minneapolis, MN (Little Brown Jug) | L 6–7 | 58,000 |  |
| * \*Non-conference game * Homecoming | | | | | |

## Game summaries

### Michigan

On November 20, 1926, Minnesota lost to Michigan by a 7–6 score at Memorial Stadium. The game was the last for Michigan under head coach Fielding Yost. Herb Joesting scored on a short run in the second quarter, but Peplaw missed the attempted at extra point. Michigan trailed 6–0 in the fourth quarter when Nydahl of Minnesota fumbled. Oosterbaan picked up the loose ball and ran 58 yards for a touchdown. Friedman drop-kicked the extra point.

## InfoBox

| 1926 Minnesota Golden Gophers football | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Big Ten Conference |
| Record | 5–3 (2–2 Big Ten) |
| Head coach |  |
| Captain | Roger Wheeler |
| Home stadium | Memorial Stadium |
|


title: BM Linx

abstract: BM Linx was a psychedelic rock group formed in 2005 by Tony Diodore with Jonathan Murray (bass), and Andrew Griffith (drums). The origin of the name stems from a friend of Diodore's, who owned a Mercury Lynx, but put a BMW badge on the front and called it a BM Linx. The band released its EP, The Portable Genius in 2006, and full-length album Black Entertainment in 2008. The band toured the U.S., Canada, and Europe, performing at many festivals, but have been on hiatus since 2010, and their third record remains unfinished.

text:
# BM Linx

**BM Linx** was a psychedelic rock group formed in 2005 by Tony Diodore (guitar & violin) with Jonathan Murray (bass), and Andrew Griffith (drums). The origin of the name stems from a friend of Diodore's, who owned a Mercury Lynx, but put a BMW badge on the front and called it a BM Linx.

The band released its EP, *The Portable Genius* in 2006, and full-length album *Black Entertainment* in 2008. The band toured the U.S., Canada, and Europe, performing at many festivals, but have been on hiatus since 2010, and their third record remains unfinished.

## InfoBox

| BM Linx | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Brooklyn, New York, United States |
| Genres | trip hop |
| Years active | 2005–2010 |
| Labels | FB, Crazy Factory Entertainment |
|  | |
| Members | Tony Diodore
Jonathan Murray
Andrew Griffith |
|  | |
| Website | www.bmlinx.com |


title: Equal-area projection

abstract: In cartography, an equivalent, authalic, or equal-area projection is a map projection that preserves relative area measure between any and all map regions. Equivalent projections are widely used for thematic maps showing scenario distribution such as population, farmland distribution, forested areas, and so forth, because an equal-area map does not change apparent density of the phenomenon being mapped. By Gauss's Theorema Egregium, an equal-area projection cannot be conformal. This implies that an equal-area projection inevitably distorts shapes. Even though a point or points or a path or paths on a map might have no distortion, the greater the area of the region being mapped, the greater and more obvious the distortion of shapes inevitably becomes.

text:
# Equal-area projection

In cartography, an **equivalent**, **authalic**, or **equal-area projection** is a map projection that preserves relative area measure between any and all map regions. Equivalent projections are widely used for thematic maps showing scenario distribution such as population, farmland distribution, forested areas, and so forth, because an equal-area map does not change apparent density of the phenomenon being mapped.

By Gauss's Theorema Egregium, an equal-area projection cannot be conformal. This implies that an equal-area projection inevitably distorts shapes. Even though a point or points or a path or paths on a map might have no distortion, the greater the area of the region being mapped, the greater and more obvious the distortion of shapes inevitably becomes.

## Description

In order for a map projection of the sphere to be equal-area, its generating formulae must meet this Cauchy-Riemann-like condition:

$$\frac {\partial y}{\partial \varphi }\cdot {\frac {\partial x}{\partial \lambda }-{\frac {\partial y}{\partial \lambda }\cdot {\frac {\partial x}{\partial \varphi }=s\cdot \cos \varphi }}}$$

where $s$ is constant throughout the map. Here, $\varphi $ represents latitude; $\lambda $ represents longitude; and $x$ and $y$ are the projected (planar) coordinates for a given $(\varphi ,\lambda )$ coordinate pair.

For example, the sinusoidal projection is a very simple equal-area projection. Its generating formulae are:

$$\begin{aligned}x&=R\cdot \lambda \cos \varphi \\y&=R\cdot \varphi \end{aligned}$$

where $R$ is the radius of the globe. Computing the partial derivatives,

$$\frac {\partial x}{\partial \varphi }=-R\cdot \lambda \cdot \sin \varphi ,\quad R\cdot {\frac {\partial x}{\partial \lambda }=R\cdot \cos \varphi ,\quad {\frac {\partial y}{\partial \varphi }=R,\quad {\frac {\partial y}{\partial \lambda }=0}}}$$

and so

$$\frac {\partial y}{\partial \varphi }\cdot {\frac {\partial x}{\partial \lambda }-{\frac {\partial y}{\partial \lambda }\cdot {\frac {\partial x}{\partial \varphi }=R\cdot R\cdot \cos \varphi -0\cdot (-R\cdot \lambda \cdot \sin \varphi )=R^{2}\cdot \cos \varphi =s\cdot \cos \varphi }}}$$

with $s$ taking the value of the constant $R^{2}$.

For an equal-area map of the ellipsoid, the corresponding differential condition that must be met is:

$$\frac {\partial y}{\partial \varphi }\cdot {\frac {\partial x}{\partial \lambda }-{\frac {\partial y}{\partial \lambda }\cdot {\frac {\partial x}{\partial \varphi }=s\cdot \cos \varphi \cdot {\frac {(1-e^{2})}{(1-e^{2}\sin ^{2}\varphi )^{2}}}}}}$$

where $e$ is the eccentricity of the ellipsoid of revolution.

### Statistical grid

The term "statistical grid" refers to a discrete grid (global or local) of an equal-area surface representation, used for data visualization, geocode and statistical spatial analysis.

## List of equal-area projections

These are some projections that preserve area:

1. Snyder, John P. (1987). *Map projections — A working manual*. USGS Professional Paper. Vol. 1395. Washington: United States Government Printing Office. p. 28. doi:10.3133/pp1395.
2. "INSPIRE helpdesk | INSPIRE". Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
3. http://scorus.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/2010JurmalaP4.5.pdf
4. IBGE (2016), "Grade Estatística". Arquivo `grade_estatistica.pdf` em FTP ou HTTP, Censo 2010 Archived 2 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine
5. Tsoulos, Lysandros (2003). "An Equal Area Projection for Statistical Mapping in the EU". In Annoni, Alessandro; Luzet, Claude; Gubler, Erich (eds.). *Map projections for Europe*. Joint Research Centre, European Commission. pp. 50–55.
6. Brodzik, Mary J.; Billingsley, Brendan; Haran, Terry; Raup, Bruce; Savoie, Matthew H. (13 March 2012). "EASE-Grid 2.0: Incremental but Significant Improvements for Earth-Gridded Data Sets". *ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information*. **1** (1). MDPI AG: 32–45. doi:10.3390/ijgi1010032. ISSN 2220-9964.
7. "McBryde-Thomas Flat-Polar Quartic Projection - MATLAB". *www.mathworks.com*. Retrieved 3 January 2024.


title: 2011 FA Community Shield

abstract: The 2011 FA Community Shield was the 89th FA Community Shield, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Premier League and FA Cup competitions. The match was the 160th Manchester derby between Manchester United and Manchester City and played at Wembley Stadium, London, on 7 August 2011. Manchester United won the game 3–2, with goals from Chris Smalling and Nani (2), after Joleon Lescott and Edin Džeko had put City 2–0 up at half-time. Manchester United qualified to take part for the fifth consecutive year by winning the 2010–11 Premier League title and Manchester City qualified by winning the 2010–11 FA Cup. United successfully defended the shield to win it for the fourth time in five years, having beaten Chelsea 3–1 in the 2010 match.

text:
# 2011 FA Community Shield

The **2011 FA Community Shield** (also known as **The FA Community Shield sponsored by McDonald's** for sponsorship reasons) was the 89th FA Community Shield, an annual football match contested by the winners of the previous season's Premier League and FA Cup competitions. The match was the 160th Manchester derby between Manchester United and Manchester City and played at Wembley Stadium, London, on 7 August 2011. Manchester United won the game 3–2, with goals from Chris Smalling and Nani (2), after Joleon Lescott and Edin Džeko had put City 2–0 up at half-time.

Manchester United qualified to take part for the fifth consecutive year by winning the 2010–11 Premier League title and Manchester City qualified by winning the 2010–11 FA Cup. United successfully defended the shield to win it for the fourth time in five years, having beaten Chelsea 3–1 in the 2010 match.

## Background

This was only the second occasion the two teams had met in the competition, with the first being the 1956 FA Charity Shield, which United won 1–0. Both teams secured their place in the 2011 Community Shield on the same day, 14 May 2011, when United clinched the 2010–11 Premier League title with a 1–1 draw against Blackburn Rovers at Ewood Park and City beating Stoke City 1–0 a few hours later in the 2011 FA Cup final.

## Match details

| Manchester City | 2–3 | Manchester United |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Lescott  38'
Džeko  45+1' | Report | Smalling  52'
Nani  58', 90+4' |

Wembley Stadium, LondonAttendance: 77,169Referee: Phil Dowd (Staffordshire)

| GK **25**  Joe Hart  RB **2**  Micah Richards  22'  CB **4**  Vincent Kompany ()  CB **6**  Joleon Lescott  LB **13**  Aleksandar Kolarov  60'  73'  CM **34**  Nigel de Jong  CM **7**  James Milner  55'  67'  AM **42**  Yaya Touré  34'  RW **21**  David Silva  LW **45**  Mario Balotelli   59'  CF **10**  Edin Džeko  19'  **Substitutes:**  GK **12**  Stuart Taylor  DF **15**  Stefan Savić  DF **22**  Gaël Clichy   73'  MF **8**  Shaun Wright-Phillips  MF **11**  Adam Johnson   67'  MF **18**  Gareth Barry   59'  FW **16**  Sergio Agüero  **Manager:**  Roberto Mancini |  | GK **1**  David de Gea  RB **12**  Chris Smalling  CB **5**  Rio Ferdinand   46'  CB **15**  Nemanja Vidić ()   46'  LB **3**  Patrice Evra  40'  71'  RM **17**  Nani  CM **16**  Michael Carrick   46'  CM **8**  Anderson  19'  LM **18**  Ashley Young  CF **10**  Wayne Rooney  CF **19**  Danny Welbeck   89'  **Substitutes:**  GK **34**  Anders Lindegaard  DF **4**  Phil Jones   46'  DF **21**  Rafael   71'  DF **23**  Jonny Evans   46'  MF **13**  Park Ji-sung  MF **35**  Tom Cleverley   46'  FW **9**  Dimitar Berbatov   89'  **Manager:**  Sir Alex Ferguson |
| --- | --- | --- |

### Statistics

|  | City | United |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Total shots | 8 | 21 |
| Shots on target | 6 | 12 |
| Ball possession | 44% | 56% |
| Corner kicks | 8 | 7 |
| Fouls committed | 14 | 11 |
| Offsides | 2 | 1 |
| Yellow cards | 5 | 2 |
| Red cards | 0 | 0 |

**Source:** BBC Sport

## InfoBox

2011 FA Community Shield
| The match programme cover | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Date | 7 August 2011 |
| Venue | Wembley Stadium, London |
| Man of the Match | Nani (Manchester United) |
| Referee | Phil Dowd (Staffordshire) |
| Attendance | 77,169 |
| Weather | Rain
16 °C (61 °F) |
|


# 1999–2000 FIG Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup series

The 1999–2000 FIG Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup series was a series of stages where events in rhythmic gymnastics were contested. The series consisted of a two-year long competition, culminating at a final event — the World Cup Final in 2000. A number of qualifier stages were held. The top 3 gymnasts in each apparatus at the qualifier events would receive medals and prize money. Gymnasts that finished in the top 8 also received points which were added up to a ranking that qualified for the biennial World Cup Final.

## Stages

Besides specific World Cup stages, the 1999 World Championships was also part of the 1999–2000 World Cup series. Even though some stages distributed only a single set of medals after the all-around event, all of the stages awarded points valid for each different apparatus.

| Year | Event | Location | Type | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1999 | World Cup qualifier | Corbeil-Essonnes | Individuals |  |
| 1999 | World Cup qualifier | Bochum | Individuals |  |
| 1999 | World Championships / World Cup qualifier | Osaka | Individuals |  |
| 2000 | World Cup qualifier | Corbeil-Essonnes | Individuals |  |
| 2000 | ~~World Cup qualifier~~ | Bochum | *Canceled (Individuals)* |  |
| 2000 | World Cup Final | Glasgow | Individuals |  |

## Medalists

### All-around

| Competitions | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Corbeil 1999 | Alina Kabaeva | Yulia Raskina | Evgenia Pavlina |
| Bochum 1999 | Alina Kabaeva | Edita Schaufler | Valeria Vatkina |
| Osaka 1999 | Alina Kabaeva | Yulia Raskina | Yulia Barsukova |
| Corbeil 2000 | Alina Kabaeva | Eva Serrano | Yulia Raskina |
| Glasgow 2000 | *No all-around competition* | | |

### Rope

| Competitions | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Corbeil 1999 | *All-around only* | | |
| Bochum 1999 | Yulia Raskina | Alina Kabaeva | Valeria Vatkina |
| Osaka 1999 | Olena Vitrychenko | Alina Kabaeva | Yulia Barsukova |
| Corbeil 2000 | *All-around only* | | |
| Glasgow 2000 | Alina Kabaeva | Yulia Barsukova | Irina Tchachina |

### Hoop

| Competitions | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Corbeil 1999 | *All-around only* | | |
| Bochum 1999 | Alina Kabaeva | Yulia Raskina | Edita Schaufler |
| Osaka 1999 | Olena Vitrychenko | Alina Kabaeva | Evgenia Pavlina |
| Corbeil 2000 | *All-around only* | | |
| Glasgow 2000 | Yulia Barsukova | Alina Kabaeva | Yulia Raskina |

### Ball

| Competitions | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Corbeil 1999 | *All-around only* | | |
| Bochum 1999 | Alina Kabaeva | Edita Schaufler | Valeria Vatkina |
| Osaka 1999 | Alina Kabaeva | Yulia Raskina | Tamara Yerofeeva |
| Corbeil 2000 | *All-around only* | | |
| Glasgow 2000 | Alina Kabaeva | Yulia Barsukova | Yulia Raskina |

### Ribbon

| Competitions | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Corbeil 1999 | *All-around only* | | |
| Bochum 1999 | Alina Kabaeva | Tamara Yerofeeva | Irina Tchachina |
| Osaka 1999 | Alina Kabaeva | Yulia Raskina | Olena Vitrychenko |
| Corbeil 2000 | *All-around only* | | |
| Glasgow 2000 | Alina Kabaeva | Yulia Barsukova | Yulia Raskina |


title: Francis Stokes

abstract: Francis Stokes is an American screenwriter and film director. Stokes is writer and director of the feature film Harold Buttleman, Daredevil Stuntman and the internet video serial God, Inc.. Harold Buttleman, Daredevil Stuntman stars John Hawkes, Karen Black, Dan Castellaneta, Stephen Falk and Stephanie Jane Markham. He is also the creator of the former environmental weblog Sludgie.com, but the domain is no longer active.

text:
# Francis Stokes

**Francis Stokes** is an American screenwriter and film director. Stokes is writer and director of the feature film *Harold Buttleman, Daredevil Stuntman* and the internet video serial *God, Inc.*.

*Harold Buttleman, Daredevil Stuntman* stars John Hawkes, Karen Black, Dan Castellaneta, Stephen Falk and Stephanie Jane Markham. He is also the creator of the former environmental weblog Sludgie.com, but the domain is no longer active.

## Career

Stokes attended studied film at New York University before moving to Los Angeles where he worked as a guide at Griffith Observatory while trying to sell screenplays. He wrote *Buttleman* in 1997 and brought John Hawkes into the project after having met him at a theater performance. He wrote and directed *God, Inc.* in early 2007.

## Filmography

As writer / director As actor * *Spinning the Web* (2009) as Himself
* *President Wolfman* (2012 (voice)

## InfoBox

| Francis Stokes | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Annapolis, Maryland United States |
| Occupation(s) | Film director, screenwriter |