title: Do What You Want (album)

abstract: Do What You Want is an album released in 1999 by New Zealand band Garageland by recording label Flying Nun Records.

text:
# Do What You Want (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Do What You Want*** is an album released in 1999 by New Zealand band Garageland by recording label Flying Nun Records.

## Track listing

1. "Love Song"
2. "Trashcans"
3. "You Will Never Cry Again"
4. "Not Empty"
5. "Kiss It All Goodbye"
6. "Good Luck"
7. "What You Gonna Do?"
8. "Get Even"
9. "Good Morning"
10. "Burning Bridges"
11. "Jean"
12. "Middle of the Evening"
13. "End of the Night"

## InfoBox

| Do What You Want | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Garageland | |
| Released | 1999 |
| Recorded | Lab Studios |
| Genre | Indie rock, alternative rock |
| Label | Flying Nun |
| Producer | Jeremy Eade, Andrew Gladstone, Chris Sinclair |
| Garageland chronology | |
| '**Last Exit to Garageland'**
(1997) ***Do What You Want***
(1999) '**Scorpiorighting'**
(2002) | |


title: Alex Giuliani Plaza

abstract: Alex Giuliani Plaza is a park surrounding a vacant building in downtown Hayward, California. The building was Hayward's first city hall. It is located on Mission Boulevard and D Street.

text:
# Alex Giuliani Plaza

**Alex Giuliani Plaza** is a park surrounding a vacant building in downtown Hayward, California. The building was Hayward's first city hall. It is located on Mission Boulevard and D Street.

## History

Hayward City Hall opened in 1930. A circle-in-square design element on the building's facade was used to create the current city logo. It served as Hayward City Hall between 1930 and 1969. When the City Center Building opened in October 1969 the city government moved there. The current Hayward City Hall is located at 777 B Street, three blocks away from Giuliani Plaza.

A trace from the Hayward Fault runs directly under the old City Hall building. The building was abandoned due to structural damage caused by aseismic creep.

The Hayward 9/11 Memorial, located adjacent to the city hall building, a small memorial featuring 5 black granite columns, was dedicated May 30, 2016, to the first responders who died, and to the city's own fallen first responders, and the city's fallen soldiers

## Renaming

In 1999 the City of Hayward renamed the building and surrounding park Alex Giualini Plaza after the former mayor.

## InfoBox

| Alex Giuliani Plaza | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Status | abandoned |
| Type | City Hall (1930-1969) |
| Location | Mission Blvd<br>Hayward, CA 94541 |
| Coordinates | 37°40′15″N 122°04′55″W / 37.6708°N 122.082°W / 37.6708; -122.082 |
| Construction started | late 1920s |
| Completed | 1930 |
| Opening | 1930 |
| Owner | City of Hayward |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 3 |


title: Appeal Group

abstract: The Appeal Group was a small group of Marxist–Leninists who broke away from the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) in 1971 on the basis that the CPGB had abandoned revolutionary Marxism–Leninism and that, after many attempts, it was impossible to change it from within except by breaking the rules. The group lasted for about five or six years. All its publications were lodged with the British Library.

text:
# Appeal Group

The **Appeal Group** was a small group of Marxist–Leninists who broke away from the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) in 1971 on the basis that the CPGB had abandoned revolutionary Marxism–Leninism and that, after many attempts, it was impossible to change it from within except by breaking the rules. The group lasted for about five or six years. All its publications were lodged with the British Library.

## Problems with the CPGB

The roots of the Appeal Group went back to the early 1950s, when the Bexley branch of the CPGB, led by Eddie Jackson, challenged the introduction of the British Road to Socialism and Rule 2(b) in the party’s rule book. The British Road replaced the former party programme, For a Soviet Britain, and was a programme for achieving socialism in Britain through the election of a socialist government to Parliament without a revolution. Rule 2(b) set this aim as a rule and outlawed any promotion of other perspectives by party members.

Some older CPGB members who opposed these revisionist changes found themselves in a minority and isolated. The party’s strict democratic centralism forbade them to communicate their concerns about the direction the party was taking except through the district and central congresses. The Bexley branch in particular submitted amendments on Rule 2(b) to these bodies, without success. On occasions the venue of the Kent district congress was changed and the district secretary “forgot” to inform the Bexley comrades, and names of nominated comrades were “accidentally” left off ballot papers. The leadership and suppressed critical discussion of its policies, with the notable exception of executive committee member Brian Behan, who argued for Bexley’s views to be heard and discussed. In 20 years the branch was only ever allowed five minutes of open discussion time at a Party congress, and this was scheduled on a Saturday just after the lunch break when the hall was almost deserted as delegates lingered in the pub.

## Appeal and split

Eddie Jackson despaired of changing the party from within. In 1971, the Bexley branch submitted its usual amendment to Rule 2(b), but this time Jackson and a small group of comrades backed it up with a lengthy polemical document, the "Appeal to Delegates" after which the later Appeal Group was named, and distributed it to delegates at the congress.

After being expelled from the party, the members of the Appeal Group aimed to recruit supporters from inside and outside the CPGB to fight on an anti-revisionist platform. They met up to four times a week in a council flat overlooking Charlton Athletic football ground for several years. In its first years the group grew a little, but there were never more than about 30 members at any one time, though well over 100 people, from all around the country, had some brief association with it. Some of these later went on to be involved with the New Communist Party and other break-aways from the CPGB.

## Actions

Meetings were dominated by deep theoretical discussions, focused at first on Lenin’s "One Step Forward, Two Steps Back" and the dialectics of political processes, and led by Eddie Jackson. Jackson was a self-taught engineer with a deep distrust of middle-class intellectuals, whom he blamed for the revisionism of the old party. The group issued a number of pamphlets and a monthly paper, The Appeal, which ran up to five issues.

The discovery of revisionism within English-language publications from the Soviet Union had a demoralising effect on the group. Jackson’s increasing paranoia about infiltration and his distrust of newcomers also drove away many potential supporters, and the group dwindled and faded away.


title: Huta Stara B

abstract: Huta Stara B is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poczesna, within Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Poczesna, 8 km (5 mi) south of Częstochowa, and 55 km (34 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.

text:
# Huta Stara B

**Huta Stara B** is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poczesna, within Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Poczesna, 8 km (5 mi) south of Częstochowa, and 55 km (34 mi) north of the regional capital Katowice.

## InfoBox

| Huta Stara B | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| Huta Stara B | |
| Coordinates: 50°44′N 19°7′E / 50.733°N 19.117°E / 50.733; 19.117 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Silesian |
| County | Częstochowa |
| Gmina | Poczesna |
| Population | 1,939 |


title: Edward Weston (chemist)

abstract: Edward Weston was an English-born American chemist and engineer noted for his achievements in electroplating and his development of the electrochemical cell, named the Weston cell, for the voltage standard. Weston was a competitor of Thomas Edison in the early days of electricity generation and distribution.

text:
# Edward Weston (chemist)

**Edward Weston** (May 9, 1850 – August 20, 1936) was an English-born American chemist and engineer noted for his achievements in electroplating and his development of the electrochemical cell, named the Weston cell, for the voltage standard. Weston was a competitor of Thomas Edison in the early days of electricity generation and distribution.

## Biography

Born in Oswestry, Shropshire, England, in 1850 to a merchant family, Weston originally studied medicine but soon became interested in chemistry. He emigrated to the United States after receiving his medical diploma in 1870, where he found a job in the electroplating industry. Realizing the need for a constant source of current, he developed an interest in power generation and invented several dynamos and generators. He eventually co-founded the Weston Electric Light Company in Newark, New Jersey and later won the contract to illuminate the Brooklyn Bridge. When in 1882 it was absorbed by the United States Electric Lighting Company he became its chief electrician for four years before resigning to conduct his own research.

Weston was a founding member of the board of trustees of what later became the New Jersey Institute of Technology. Some of his inventions, instruments, and writings are maintained at the university's library and the Weston Museum Weston was president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers from 1888-89.

He invented two alloys, constantan and manganin. Weston developed measurement instruments for electric current—the modern foundation for the voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter. In 1888 he formed the Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation which would become famous for its voltmeters, ammeters, wattmeters, ohmmeters, frequency meters, transformers, and transducers. Weston developed a method for producing a "true" permanent magnet. Weston conceived of and built a magnetic speedometer. Weston also developed the dashboard ammeter for Harley-Davidson motorcycles. Also in 1888, Weston became president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) until 1889.

Weston invented and patented the saturated cadmium cell in 1893. The cathode in the cell is an amalgam of cadmium with mercury, the anode is of pure mercury and the electrolyte is a solution of cadmium sulphate. The Weston cell is a wet-chemical cell that produces a highly stable voltage suitable as a laboratory standard for calibration of voltmeters. The temperature coefficient was reduced by shifting to an unsaturated design, the predominant type today. When the Weston cell became the International Standard for EMF in 1911, Weston waived his patent rights.

Weston died in Montclair, New Jersey in 1936, having attained 334 United States patents during his life.

## Patents (selected list)

Weston's son Edward Faraday Weston (1878–1971) received several patents regarding exposure meters, also manufactured by the Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation and widely distributed since the 1930s, and established the system of the Weston film speed ratings for the measurement of film speeds.

## Further reading

* Hospitalier, Édouard, *et al.*, "Principales applications de l'électricité" (Tr. Principal applications of electricity; Modern applications of electricity). London : Kegan Paul, Trench & Co., 1882.
* Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation, "Measuring invisibles; the fifty-year record of the world's largest manufacturer of electrical measuring instruments". Newark, N.J., Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation, c1938. LCCN 40002525 (ed. Planned and written by F. Lawrence Babcock Associates, New York)
* Woodbury, David Oakes, "A measure for greatness; a short biography of Edward Weston". New York, McGraw-Hill, 1949. LCCN 49049451

## InfoBox

| Edward Weston | |
| --- | --- |
| Edward Weston scientist and inventor | |
| Born | May 9, 1850
Oswestry, Shropshire, England |
| Died | August 20, 1936 (1936-08-21) (aged 86)
Montclair, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Chemist
Electrical engineer
Inventor
Business Owner |
| Known for | Weston cell
Preparation of Constantan and Manganin |
| Awards | Elliott Cresson Medal (1910)
Perkin Medal (1915)
Franklin Medal (1924)
5th Lamme Medal |


title: Dysdera arganoi

abstract: Dysdera arganoi is a spider species from the family Dysderidae that is endemic to Italy.

text:
# Dysdera arganoi

***Dysdera arganoi*** is a spider species from the family Dysderidae that is endemic to Italy.

## InfoBox

| *Dysdera arganoi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Dysderidae |
| Genus: | *Dysdera* |
| Species: | ***D. arganoi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dysdera arganoi***<br>Gasparo, 2004 | |
|


title: Dythemis velox

abstract: Dythemis velox, the swift setwing, is a species of skimmer in the dragonfly family Libellulidae. It is found in Central America and North America. The IUCN conservation status of Dythemis velox is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is increasing. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2017.

text:
# Dythemis velox

***Dythemis velox***, the **swift setwing**, is a species of skimmer in the dragonfly family Libellulidae. It is found in Central America and North America.

The IUCN conservation status of *Dythemis velox* is "LC", least concern, with no immediate threat to the species' survival. The population is increasing. The IUCN status was reviewed in 2017.

## Further reading

* Kalkman, V. J. (2013). *Studies on phylogeny and biogeography of damselflies (Odonata) with emphasis on the Argiolestidae* (PhD). Leiden University. hdl:1887/22953.

## InfoBox

| *Dythemis velox* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Odonata |
| Infraorder: | Anisoptera |
| Family: | Libellulidae |
| Genus: | *Dythemis* |
| Species: | ***D. velox*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dythemis velox***
Hagen, 1861 | |
|


title: ECT Mainline Rail

abstract: ECT Mainline Rail was a British railway rolling stock hire and maintenance company. It was one of several 'new' companies that sprang up after the demise of FM Rail at the end of 2006. A subsidiary of Ealing Community Transport, it had a base at Barrow Hill Engine Shed. It owned some ex-British Rail Mark 2 carriages and several ex-British Rail Class 31 diesel locomotives. It ceased to trade in 2008 and its assets were assigned to RMS Locotec, which is now a subsidiary of British American Railway Services.

text:
# ECT Mainline Rail

ECT **Mainline Rail** was a British railway rolling stock hire and maintenance company.

It was one of several 'new' companies that sprang up after the demise of FM Rail at the end of 2006. A subsidiary of Ealing Community Transport, it had a base at Barrow Hill Engine Shed. It owned some ex-British Rail Mark 2 carriages and several ex-British Rail Class 31 diesel locomotives. It ceased to trade in 2008 and its assets were assigned to RMS Locotec, which is now a subsidiary of British American Railway Services.

* Clinnick, Richard (26 March – 8 April 2008). "16 jobs go as Mainline Rail collapses after one year". *Rail*. **588**: 60–61.


title: EDP Brasil

abstract: EDP Brasil is one of the largest Brazilian electric utility companies. It is a subsidiary of EDP - Energias de Portugal in Brazil. The company was founded in 1996 in São Paulo. Through its subsidiaries the company generates, distributes and sells electric energy in nine Brazilian states and in the generation segment, representing 2,3 GW of installed capacity. In the distribution segment, the group operates in two states and serves a total of 3.1 million customers. In the commercialization segment, EDP operates in the free contracting environment both in the concession areas of our distributors as well as in other concession areas and in renewable energy segment the company operates wind and hydro electric plants with an installed generation capacity of 2.381 MW. It is the third largest non-state electricity commercialization company in Brazil, the fifth largest non-state generation and the fourth largest non-state in energy distribution. On listing its capital in July 2005, it signed up to the São Paulo Stock Exchange’s (B3) Novo Mercado. For the seventh consecutive year, the company is a component of B3's Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE). The Portuguese energy group EDP announced In March, 2023, a plan to close capital of EDP Brasil, or Energias do Brasil, aiming to bring greater flexibility in financial and operational management to the local subsidiary.

text:
# EDP Brasil

**EDP Brasil** is one of the largest Brazilian electric utility companies. It is a subsidiary of EDP - Energias de Portugal in Brazil. The company was founded in 1996 in São Paulo.

Through its subsidiaries the company generates, distributes and sells electric energy in nine Brazilian states and in the generation segment, representing 2,3 GW of installed capacity. In the distribution segment, the group operates in two states (São Paulo and Espírito Santo) and serves a total of 3.1 million customers. In the commercialization segment, EDP operates in the free contracting environment both in the concession areas of our distributors as well as in other concession areas and in renewable energy segment the company operates wind and hydro electric plants with an installed generation capacity of 2.381 MW.

It is the third largest non-state electricity commercialization company in Brazil, the fifth largest non-state generation and the fourth largest non-state in energy distribution.

On listing its capital in July 2005, it signed up to the São Paulo Stock Exchange’s (B3) Novo Mercado.

For the seventh consecutive year, the company is a component of B3's Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE).

The Portuguese energy group EDP announced In March, 2023, a plan to close capital of EDP Brasil, or Energias do Brasil, aiming to bring greater flexibility in financial and operational management to the local subsidiary.

## InfoBox

EDP Brasil S.A.
|
|  |
| Company type | Sociedade Anônima |
| Traded as | B3: ENBR3
Ibovespa Component |
| Industry | Electricity |
| Founded | 1996 |
| Headquarters | São Paulo, Brazil |
| Key people | Miguel Nuno Simões Nunes Ferreira Setas(Director-Presidente)
Carlos Emanuel Baptista Andrade(Director Vice-Presidente de Comercialização e Desenvolvimento de Negócios)
Luiz Otavio Assis Henriques (Director Vice-Presidente de Operações da Geração)
Michel Nunes Itkes(Director Vice-Presidente de Distribuição)

Henrique Manuel Marques Faria Lima Freire(Director Vice-Presidente Financeiro) |
| Products | Electrical power |
| Services | Electricity distribution, generation, commercialization and Renewable energy |
| Revenue | US$ 3.5 billion (2017) |
| Net income | US$ 184.6 million (2017) |
| Number of employees | 2,600 |
| Parent | EDP - Energias de Portugal |
| Website | www.edp.com.br |


title: (7563) 1988 BC

abstract: (7563) 1988 BC is a background asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 16 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 16 January 1988, by Japanese amateur astronomer Takuo Kojima at the YGCO Chiyoda Station in the Kantō region of Japan. The asteroid has a rotation period of 6.5 hours.

text:
# (7563) 1988 BC

**(7563) 1988 BC** (provisional designation **1988 BC**) is a background asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 16 kilometers (10 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 16 January 1988, by Japanese amateur astronomer Takuo Kojima at the YGCO Chiyoda Station in the Kantō region of Japan. The asteroid has a rotation period of 6.5 hours.

## Classification and orbit

1988 BC is non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.1–3.3 AU once every 4 years and 5 months (1,602 days; semi-major axis of 2.68 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.23 and an inclination of 13 with respect to the ecliptic.

## Naming

As of 2018, 1988 BC remains unnamed.

## Physical characteristics

### Lightcurves

In January 2010, a rotational lightcurve of 1988 BC was obtained from photometric observations by Pierre Antonini at the Bédoin Observatory (132) in southeastern France. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 6.539±0.005 hours with a brightness variation of 0.30 in magnitude (U=3). A previous 2006-observation by American astronomer Brian Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado gave a period of 6.510 hours and an amplitude of 0.24 magnitude (U=3-).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the asteroid has a low albedo of between 0.048 and 0.08, with a diameter between 12.04 and 17.27 kilometers.

Despite the results from the space-based observations, the *Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link* assumes a higher albedo of 0.10 – a compromise between the stony and carbonaceous asteroid populations from the inner and outer main-belt, respectively – and hence calculates a smaller diameter of 12.1 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.7.

## InfoBox

(7563) 1988 BC
| Discovery | |
| --- | --- |
| Discovered by | T. Kojima |
| Discovery site | YGCO Chiyoda Stn. |
| Discovery date | 16 January 1988 |
| Designations | |
| MPC designation | (7563) 1988 BC |
| Alternative designations | 1988 BC **·** 1991 VJ5 |
| Minor planet category | main-belt **·** (middle)
background |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 30.03 yr (10,969 d) |
| Aphelion | 3.2894 AU |
| Perihelion | 2.0689 AU |
| Semi-major axis | 2.6792 AU |
| Eccentricity | 0.2278 |
| Orbital period (sidereal) | 4.39 yr (1,602 d) |
| Mean anomaly | 299.98 |
| Mean motion | 0° 13m 29.28s / day |
| Inclination | 12.678° |
| Longitude of ascending node | 83.534° |
| Argument of perihelion | 52.920° |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mean diameter | 12.04±3.52 km
13.93±0.10 km
15.857±0.103 km
16.134±0.099 km
17.27±0.64 km |
| Synodic rotation period | 6.539±0.005 |
| Geometric albedo | 0.0483
0.06
0.073
0.078
0.078±0.015
0.08 |
| Spectral type | (assumed) |
| Absolute magnitude *(H)* | 12.30
12.70
12.8
12.90 |
|  | |


title: 1-Phenylethanol

abstract:
1-Phenylethanol is the organic compound with the formula C6H5CH(OH)CH3. It is one of the most commonly available chiral alcohols. It is a colorless liquid with a mild gardenia-hyacinth scent. Phenylethanol is an aromatic alcohol, it has the role of mouse metabolite.
It is a natural product and is found in Cichorium endivia, Castanopsis cuspidata and other organisms.

text:
# 1-Phenylethanol

**1-Phenylethanol** is the organic compound with the formula C6H5CH(OH)CH3. It is one of the most commonly available chiral alcohols. It is a colorless liquid with a mild gardenia-hyacinth scent.

Phenylethanol is an aromatic alcohol, it has the role of mouse metabolite. It is a natural product and is found in Cichorium endivia, Castanopsis cuspidata and other organisms.

## Natural occurrence

1-Phenylethanol is found in nature as a glycoside, together with its hydrolase β-primeverosidase in tea (*Camellia sinensis*) flowers. It is also reportedly present in cranberries, grapes, chives, Scottish spearmint oil, cheeses, cognac, rum, white wine, cocoa, black tea, filbert, cloudberries, beans, mushrooms, and endives.

## Synthesis

Racemic 1-phenylethanol is produced by the reduction of acetophenone by sodium borohydride. Alternatively, benzaldehyde can be reacted with methylmagnesium chloride or similar organometallic compounds to afford racemic 1-phenylethanol.

Asymmetric hydrogenation of acetophenone by Noyori catalysts proceeds quantitatively (50 atm H2, room temperature, minutes) in \>99% e.e.

The organic oxidising agent ethylbenzene hydroperoxide yields 1-phenylethanol when reduced. Used for the epoxidation of propene, this coproduces propylene oxide, and is an important step in the PO/SM process for the production of styrene.

## Applications

In the final step of the PO/SM process, dehydration of 1-phenylethanol yields styrene, analogous to many other dehydrations of alcohols to yield alkenes. While secondary to the direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene, the PO/SM method remains industrially significant. This route accounted for approximately 15% of styrene production in the United States in 1993, and has seen international development in the 21st century, especially in developing economies that have seen growth in demand for both styrene and propylene oxide.

## InfoBox

1-Phenylethanol
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| IUPAC name 1-Phenylethanol | |
| Other names Styrallyl alcohol | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.002.461 |
| EC Number | * 202-707-1 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| UN number | 2937 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C8H10O/c1-7(9)8-5-3-2-4-6-8/h2-7,9H,1H3Key: WAPNOHKVXSQRPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
| SMILES * CC(C1=CC=CC=C1)O | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C8H10O |
| Molar mass | 122.167 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colourless liquid with a floral or almond-like odor |
| Melting point | 20.7 °C (69.3 °F; 293.8 K) |
| Boiling point | 204 °C (399 °F; 477 K) |
| Solubility in water | 1.95 g dm−3 |
| log *P* | 1.4 |
| Hazards | |
| Flash point | 93 °C (199 °F; 366 K) |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Dysidea arenaria

abstract: Dysidea arenaria is a species of marine sponge (poriferan) found in the Pacific Ocean. It is a member of the order Dictyoceratida, one of two sponge orders that make up the keratose or "horny" sponges in which a mineral skeleton is absent and a skeleton of organic fibers is present instead.

text:
# Dysidea arenaria

***Dysidea arenaria*** is a species of marine sponge (poriferan) found in the Pacific Ocean. It is a member of the order Dictyoceratida, one of two sponge orders that make up the keratose or "horny" sponges in which a mineral skeleton is absent and a skeleton of organic fibers is present instead.

## Description

A single specimen of this species was collected in Palau and described as the holotype specimen in 1965. A more recent description based on three specimens collected near Papua New Guinea highlights prominent conules and relatively infrequent oscules. The color was reported as "sand" in the field and "middle brown" after preservation, although the color of the preserved Palau specimen was given as "greyish-white". Both descriptions emphasize the irregular, densely reticulated branch network. Fibers made of sand, spicules, and spongin are also present, and aid in distinguishing the species from relatives.

## Habitat

*D. arenaria* was originally identified in the Palau Islands and specimens have since been collected from a variety of locations in the Pacific. Along with other members of the genus, *D. arenaria* was listed as a rare invasive species found in Hawaii in a 2008 NOAA memorandum.

## Secondary metabolites

Numerous secondary metabolite molecules found in *D. arenaria* have been reported in the scientific literature, often with an interest in their bioactivity. For example, members of a class of cytotoxic molecules known as cryptophycins, originally isolated from cyanobacteria, have also been found in *D. arenaria*, where they were given the name arenastatins. However, since cyanobacteria are common symbionts of sponges, it has been suggested that bacteria may be the true origin in cases where sponge and bacterial metabolites closely resemble one another.

A series of sesquiterpenoid hydroquinones have also been isolated from *D. arenaria*, among which are two unusual examples with distinctive enantiomers of their drimane molecular skeleton. A sterol isolated from the species was reported as a rare example of a molecule capable of reversing multidrug efflux-mediated fungal resistance to the drug fluconazole.

## InfoBox

| *Dysidea arenaria* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Porifera |
| Class: | Demospongiae |
| Order: | Dictyoceratida |
| Family: | Dysideidae |
| Genus: | *Dysidea* |
| Species: | ***D. arenaria*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Dysidea arenaria***<br>Bergquist, 1965 | |
|


title: 1810 North Korea earthquake

text:
# 1810 North Korea earthquake

An earthquake struck present-day North Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. The earthquake had an estimated moment magnitude of 7.3 and affected present-day North Hamgyong Province. The maximum Modified Mercalli intensity was assigned VIII to IX. Eighty-three homes collapsed and livestock were destroyed. A landslide killed at least two people while additional fatalities occurred during a stampede.

Historical documents indicate it occurred in the early morning. The towns of Myeongcheon, Gyeongseong, and Hoeryeong were affected; fortresses and homes were razed, landslides occurre and people were killed. In Buryeongbu, 38 homes were destroyed and residents also died.

The earthquake may have occurred on a section of the Yilan-Yitong Fault Zone in Shangzhi, China, through paleoseismology. The Yilan-Yitong Fault Zone is the northern branch of the larger Tanlu Fault. The Tanlu Fault is a 3,600 km (2,200 mi) long continental strike-slip fault extending from southern China through the country's northeast, into Bohai Bay and Russia. The Yilan-Yitong Fault Zone is located north of Bohai Bay. It is considered a major seismic hazard in the region as it represents an active boundary between the tectonics of north Asia. A paleoearthquake identified through trenching studied may correspond to historical records of an earthquake affecting Ning'an in 1810.

## InfoBox

1810 North Korea earthquake
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Local date | 19 February 1810 (1810-02-19) |
| Magnitude | 7.3 Mw |
| Epicenter | 41°36′N 130°00′E / 41.6°N 130.0°E / 41.6; 130.0 |
| Areas affected | Joseon (present-day North Korea) |
| Max. intensity | MMI IX (*Violent*) |
| Casualties | Unspecified number |


title: Allaire, New Jersey

abstract: Allaire is an unincorporated community located within Wall Township in Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2010 United States Census, the ZIP Code Tabulation Area for ZIP Code 07727 had a population of 7,050.

text:
# Allaire, New Jersey

**Allaire** is an unincorporated community located within Wall Township in Monmouth County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2010 United States Census, the ZIP Code Tabulation Area for ZIP Code 07727 had a population of 7,050.

## InfoBox

| Allaire, New Jersey | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| AllaireLocation in Monmouth CountyAllaireLocation in New JerseyAllaireLocation in the United States | |
| Coordinates: 40°09′30″N 74°07′32″W / 40.15833°N 74.12556°W / 40.15833; -74.12556 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New Jersey |
| County | Monmouth |
| Township | Wall |
| Area | |
| Total | 22.232 sq mi (57.580 km2) |
| Land | 21.989 sq mi (56.950 km2) |
| Water | 0.243 sq mi (0.630 km2)  1.32% |
| Elevation | 33 ft (10 m) |
| Population (2010 Census) | |
| Total | 7,050 |
| Time zone | UTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT)) |
| ZIP code | 07727 |
| Area codes | 732/848 |
| GNIS feature ID | 882972 |


title: Dynamic application security testing

abstract: Dynamic application security testing (DAST) represents a non-functional testing process to identify security weaknesses and vulnerabilities in an application. This testing process can be carried out either manually or by using automated tools. Manual assessment of an application involves human intervention to identify the security flaws which might slip from an automated tool. Usually business logic errors, race condition checks, and certain zero-day vulnerabilities can only be identified using manual assessments. On the other side, a DAST tool is a program which communicates with a web application through the web front-end in order to identify potential security vulnerabilities in the web application and architectural weaknesses. It performs a black-box test. Unlike static application security testing tools, DAST tools do not have access to the source code and therefore detect vulnerabilities by actually performing attacks. DAST tools allow sophisticated scans, detecting vulnerabilities with minimal user interactions once configured with host name, crawling parameters and authentication credentials. These tools will attempt to detect vulnerabilities in query strings, headers, fragments, verbs (GET/POST/PUT) and DOM injection.

text:
# Dynamic application security testing

**Dynamic application security testing** (**DAST**) represents a non-functional testing process to identify security weaknesses and vulnerabilities in an application. This testing process can be carried out either manually or by using automated tools. Manual assessment of an application involves human intervention to identify the security flaws which might slip from an automated tool. Usually business logic errors, race condition checks, and certain zero-day vulnerabilities can only be identified using manual assessments.

On the other side, a DAST tool is a program which communicates with a web application through the web front-end in order to identify potential security vulnerabilities in the web application and architectural weaknesses. It performs a black-box test. Unlike static application security testing tools, DAST tools do not have access to the source code and therefore detect vulnerabilities by actually performing attacks.

DAST tools allow sophisticated scans, detecting vulnerabilities with minimal user interactions once configured with host name, crawling parameters and authentication credentials. These tools will attempt to detect vulnerabilities in query strings, headers, fragments, verbs (GET/POST/PUT) and DOM injection.

## Overview

DAST tools facilitate the automated review of a web application with the express purpose of discovering security vulnerabilities and are required to comply with various regulatory requirements. Web application scanners can look for a wide variety of vulnerabilities, such as input/output validation: (e.g. cross-site scripting and SQL injection), specific application problems and server configuration mistakes.

## Commercial and open-source scanners

Commercial scanners are a category of web-assessment tools which need to be purchased. Some scanners include some free features but most need to be bought for full access to the tool's power.

Open-source scanners are often free of cost to the user.

### Strengths

These tools can detect vulnerabilities of the finalized release candidate versions prior to shipping. Scanners simulate a malicious user by attacking and probing, identifying results which are not part of the expected result set, allowing for a realistic attack simulation. The big advantage of these types of tools are that they can scan year-round to be constantly searching for vulnerabilities. With new vulnerabilities being discovered regularly this allows companies to find and patch vulnerabilities before they can become exploited.

As a dynamic testing tool, web scanners are not language-dependent. A web application scanner is able to scan engine-driven web applications. Attackers use the same tools, so if the tools can find a vulnerability, so can attackers.

### Weaknesses

While scanning with a DAST tool, data may be overwritten or malicious payloads injected into the subject site. Sites should be scanned in a production-like but non-production environment to ensure accurate results while protecting the data in the production environment.

Because the tool is implementing a dynamic testing method, it cannot cover 100% of the source code of the application and then, the application itself. The penetration tester should look at the coverage of the web application or of its attack surface to know if the tool was configured correctly or was able to understand the web application.

The tool cannot implement all variants of attacks for a given vulnerability. So the tools generally have a predefined list of attacks and do not generate the attack payloads depending on the tested web application. Some tools are also quite limited in their understanding of the behavior of applications with dynamic content such as JavaScript and Flash.


title: Alex Rennolds

abstract: Alexander Wilson Rennolds was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Melbourne Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

text:
# Alex Rennolds

**Alexander Wilson Rennolds** (10 July 1888 – 20 November 1948) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Melbourne Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## InfoBox

| Alex Rennolds | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Alexander Wilson Rennolds | | |
| Date of birth | (1888-07-10)10 July 1888 | | |
| Place of birth | Ballarat East, Victoria | | |
| Date of death | 20 November 1948(1948-11-20) (aged 60) | | |
| Place of death | Albert Park, Victoria | | |
| Original team(s) | Brighton | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1910 | Melbourne | 5 (0) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1910. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Apsey

abstract:
Apsey may refer to:
  - People
  -
  - Len Apsey (1910–1967), Welsh professional association football player
  - Apsey, a variant of the Russian male first name Avsey
  - Places
  -
  - Apsey Beach, fishing settlement in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador
  - Apsey Brook, settlement on Random Island in Trinity Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador
  - Apsey Cove, formerly Apsey Cove Point, Newfoundland and Labrador
  - Apsey Green, village in Suffolk, England
  - Apsey Point, farming and fishing settlement in the Trinity District, Newfoundland and Labrador

text:
# Apsey

**Apsey** may refer to:

People * Len Apsey (1910–1967), Welsh professional association football player
* Apsey, a variant of the Russian male first name Avsey

Places * Apsey Beach, fishing settlement in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador
* Apsey Brook, settlement on Random Island in Trinity Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador
* Apsey Cove, formerly Apsey Cove Point, Newfoundland and Labrador
* Apsey Green, village in Suffolk, England
* Apsey Point, farming and fishing settlement in the Trinity District, Newfoundland and Labrador


title: Humphrey Gilbert-Carter

abstract: Humphrey Gilbert-Carter (1884–1969) was a British botanist and the first scientific director of the Cambridge Botanic Garden (1921–1950), being succeeded by John Gilmour. The second son of the colonial governor Sir Thomas Gilbert-Carter and Susan Laura Hocker he was educated at Tonbridge School and Edinburgh University. After further studies at Marburg University and Cambridge University, he served as a botanist on the Botanical Survey of India during the First World War. In 1921 Gilbert-Carter returned to Cambridge to take up his position as Director of the University Botanic Garden and Curator of the Herbarium at the Botany School where he taught at the age of 37. Within a year he had published his first book, Guide To The Botanic Garden Cambridge (1922), followed by his Descriptive Labels for Botanic Gardens (1924). The gardens were much depleted, because of the war but his friendship with Reginald Cory, a fellow alumnus, resulted in considerable funding including the building of Cory Lodge as a residence for the Director. Amongst his students, Donald Piggott, would later become a professor in the Botany School, and director of the garden (1984–1995). Gilbert-Carter is remembered by the Gilbert Carter Woodland in the Garden.

text:
# Humphrey Gilbert-Carter

**Humphrey Gilbert-Carter** (1884–1969) was a British botanist and the first scientific director of the Cambridge Botanic Garden (1921–1950), being succeeded by John Gilmour. The second son of the colonial governor Sir Thomas Gilbert-Carter and Susan Laura Hocker he was educated at Tonbridge School and Edinburgh University. After further studies at Marburg University and Cambridge University, he served as a botanist on the Botanical Survey of India during the First World War.

In 1921 Gilbert-Carter returned to Cambridge to take up his position as Director of the University Botanic Garden and Curator of the Herbarium at the Botany School where he taught at the age of 37. Within a year he had published his first book, *Guide To The Botanic Garden Cambridge* (1922), followed by his *Descriptive Labels for Botanic Gardens* (1924). The gardens were much depleted, because of the war but his friendship with Reginald Cory, a fellow alumnus, resulted in considerable funding including the building of Cory Lodge as a residence for the Director.

Amongst his students, Donald Piggott, would later become a professor in the Botany School, and director of the garden (1984–1995). Gilbert-Carter is remembered by the Gilbert Carter Woodland in the Garden.

## Bibliography

* Lacey, Pippa (23 May 2013). "Changing Perspectives: a Garden through time". Cambridge University Botanic Garden. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
* Walters, S.M. (1981). *The shaping of Cambridge botany: a short history of whole-plant botany in Cambridge from the time of Ray into the present century*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521237956.
* CUBG. "Cambridge University Botanic Garden". Cambridge University. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
* Godwin, H (1970). "Humphrey Gilbert-Carter" (obituary). *Watsonia*. **8**: 71–74.
* Gilbert-Carter, Humphrey (1922). *Guide to the University Botanic Garden Cambridge*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107643178.

## InfoBox

| Humphrey Gilbert-Carter | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 19 October 1884 |
| Died | 4 January 1969(1969-01-04) (aged 84) |
| Education | Tonbridge School, Edinburgh University |
| Known for | Botany |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | Cambridge Botanic Garden, Cambridge University |
|  | |


title: Luise Kähler

abstract: Luise Kähler was a German socialist, trade union leader and politician. She was one of a small number of women union officials that held a prominent position within Germany's trade unions in the first half of the 20th century. She was a member of the Prussian Landtag from 1923 to 1933. She opposed National Socialism and was largely inactive after Hitler came to power in 1933. After the Second World War, she became a founding member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, the ruling party in the German Democratic Republic.

text:
# Luise Kähler

**Luise Kähler** (12 January 1869 – 22 September 1955) was a German socialist, trade union leader and politician. She was one of a small number of women union officials that held a prominent position within Germany's trade unions in the first half of the 20th century. She was a member of the Prussian Landtag from 1923 to 1933. She opposed National Socialism and was largely inactive after Hitler came to power in 1933. After the Second World War, she became a founding member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, the ruling party in the German Democratic Republic.

## Early life

Luise Girnth was born in Berlin in the Kingdom of Prussia in 1869. She was the daughter of a hackney cab driver with origins in Silesia and received little formal education beyond primary school. She entered service as a domestic servant in Berlin in 1883. In 1888, she was apprenticed as a tailor before moving to Hamburg to work as a seamstress around 1893. She worked on a German merchant ship out of Hamburg, for two years from 1893 to 1895. Upon her return to Hamburg, she married the painter August Kähler.

## Activist

Kähler joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany in 1902 and increasingly became more political active and astute. In November 1906, she became the co-founder and first chairwoman of an embryonic union for women working in domestic trades in Hamburg by representing her members against exploitation by private employers and agencies. The union quickly grew in membership. Within a year, it had 480 members, which necessitated affiliation to the national body by 1907. Kähler was appointed as *de facto* branch secretary of the Hamburg branch in 1909 serving in that capacity until 1913. She was one of a small number of women union officials that included Wilhelmine Kähler (no relation) and Emma Ihrer and after Ihrer's death arguably became the most notable one of the time.

In 1913, she became the president of the Union of Domestic Workers of Germany, which required her to move back to her home city of Berlin. During the First World War, Kähler supported left-wing SPD politicians, that included Clara Zetkin and Rosa Luxemburg in rejecting the party's policy of *Burgfrieden* (a truce with the government, promising to refrain from any strikes during the war) and attended an international socialist women's anti-war conference in Berlin organised by Zetkin in 1915. After the war, Berlin and the rest of Germany witnessed a period of politically-driven civil conflict known as the German Revolution during which the imperial government was replaced by the Weimar Republic. As a notable feminist and union official, Kähler was instrumental in leading her union through the turmoil caused by the civil unrest. The new republic in Germany needed to reform its archaic domestic servant laws, particularly since thousands of domestic workers were giving up their employment as the economy of the Weimar Republic went into free fall. Many smaller unions survived only by merging into larger conglomerations.

Kähler was invited by the chairman, Fritz Kater, to affiliate her union within the larger and more influential Free Association of German Trade Unions in which she took a prominent position in the Foundation of Workers' Welfare Associations (Arbeiterwohlfahrt). She was a member of the Prussian Landtag from 1923 to 1933, advising on economic matters. It was unusual for a woman in the 1920s and the 1930s to be in a position of power within the German union movement, and Kähler became one of Germany's most visible female trade union officials and represented the movement at the 1927 International Trade Union Congress, held in Paris.

She opposed the National Socialists, who were in government under Chancellor Adolf Hitler from 1933. As a prominent unionist, she was sidelined and watched closely by the authorities throughout the remainder of the 1930s and during World War II. There is evidence that she conspired against the authorities, but unlike other socialist and communist leaders, she was not purged by the government. She was, however, forced into a period of inactivity, as the majority of Germany's unions were disbanded and banned.

## Postwar

At the conclusion of World War II, she once again became active in the Social Democratic Party. Although she lived in West Berlin, she ran for election to the Berlin Chamber of Deputies in East Berlin and represented the district of Kreuzberg. In 1948, she was appointed an honorary member of the Democratic Women's League of Germany, a socialist organisation taking shape in the eastern part of Germany. In 1949, Germany was formally divided, and she became a founding member of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, the ruling party in the German Democratic Republic.

She was amongst the first recipients of the highest civilian honour of the German Democratic Republic, the Order of Karl Marx, which she was awarded in 1953. She died in September 1955 in East Berlin.

*Translator's note: These references are in German and contain further biographical information*

## InfoBox

| Luise Kähler | |
| --- | --- |
| Luise Kähler at the 1950 Socialist Unity Party of Germany Convention | |
| Born | Luise Girnth
(1869-01-12)12 January 1869
Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia |
| Died | 22 September 1955(1955-09-22) (aged 86)
Berlin |
| Nationality | Prussian
German
East German |
| Occupation(s) | Trade unionist and politician |


title: Edward Crew (police officer)

abstract: Sir Edward Crew was the Chief Constable of Northamptonshire Police from 1993 to 1996, and of West Midlands Police from August 1996 to 2002. Crew joined the Metropolitan Police as a Cadet in 1965. He rose through the ranks to chief superintendent and was appointed to Kent County Constabulary where he served as an assistant and the deputy chief constable. In 1988, he attended the Royal College of Defence Studies. In 1993, he was appointed chief constable of Northamptonshire Police and, in 1996, he was appointed chief constable for the West Midlands. He was awarded the Queen's Police Medal for Distinguished Service in 1990 and was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant on 8 October 1999. He was knighted in 2001 and in the same year awarded an honorary doctorate of laws at Birmingham University. He was knighted in the 2001 New Years Honours List. In 2011–2012, Crewe provided advice and research support to Tom Winsor during his Independent Review of Police Office and Staff Remuneration and Conditions. His daughter is Dame Lynne Owens.

text:
# Edward Crew (police officer)

**Sir Edward Crew** QPM OStJ DL (born 13 January 1946) was the Chief Constable of Northamptonshire Police from 1993 to 1996, and of West Midlands Police from August 1996 to 2002.

Crew joined the Metropolitan Police as a Cadet in 1965. He rose through the ranks to chief superintendent and was appointed to Kent County Constabulary where he served as an assistant and the deputy chief constable.

In 1988, he attended the Royal College of Defence Studies. In 1993, he was appointed chief constable of Northamptonshire Police and, in 1996, he was appointed chief constable for the West Midlands. He was awarded the Queen's Police Medal for Distinguished Service in 1990 and was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant on 8 October 1999. He was knighted in 2001 and in the same year awarded an honorary doctorate of laws at Birmingham University. He was knighted in the 2001 New Years Honours List.

In 2011–2012, Crewe provided advice and research support to Tom Winsor during his *Independent Review of Police Office and Staff Remuneration and Conditions*.

His daughter is Dame Lynne Owens.

## Honours

### Commonwealth honours

Commonwealth honours

| Location | Date | Appointment | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom | 2001–present | Knight Bachelor (Kt) | 2001 New Year Honours List |
| United Kingdom | 1990–present | Queen's Police Medal (QPM) | "For distinguished service" |
| United Kingdom |  | Officer of the Order of St John (OStJ) |  |
| United Kingdom | 6 February 2002  present | Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal |  |
| United Kingdom | 1987–present | Police Long Service and Good Conduct Medal | 22 years' full time police service |
| United Kingdom | 8 October 1999  present | Deputy Lieutenant of County of the West Midlands (DL) |  |
|

### Scholastic

Honorary Degrees

| Location | Date | School | Degree | Gave Commencement Address |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| England | **2001** | University of Birmingham | Doctor of Laws (LLD) | Yes |
|

## InfoBox

| Sir Edward CrewQPM OStJ DL | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 13 January 1946 |
| Occupation | Chief Constable |
| Employer(s) | Northamptonshire Police<br>West Midlands Police |


title: Almay

abstract: Almay is an American cosmetics brand owned by Revlon which markets products toward people with sensitive skin.

text:
# Almay

**Almay** is an American cosmetics brand owned by Revlon which markets products toward people with sensitive skin.

## History

The Almay Brand was originally established in 1931 and was named after the founders, Alfred and Fanny May Woititz. The creation of this cosmetic brand began when Fanny May Woititz was in need of cosmetic products that did not irritate her sensitive skin. Her husband Alfred, who was a professional chemist, started experimenting with makeup to find ingredients that were purer and gentler. With the help of dermatologist Marion Sulzberger, they developed the first cosmetic brand that used hypoallergenic ingredients.

Almay was the first brand to introduce skincare safety by producing fragrance-free products, by showing all the ingredients used on its product labels, and by testing for allergy, as well as irritation. It was also the first to create a cosmetic line for consumers with specific skin types and those who wear contact lenses. In 1987, Almay was acquired by Revlon and today it has expanded to a full line of skincare and makeup products.

Almay has products for skin, face, lips and eyes. The natural ingredients used include meadowsweet (*Filipendula ulmaria*) for oily skin, grape seed (*Vitis vinifera*) for normal skin, and cucumber (*Cucumis sativus*) for dry skin. Other ingredients in the products include moringa (*Moringa oleifera*), aloe (*Aloe barbadensis*), milk thistle (*Silybum marianum*), licorice (*Glycyrrhiza glabra*), soybean (*Glycine max*), and rosehips (*Rosa canina*).

Elaine Irwin Mellencamp became the spokesperson for Almay in 2004. In 2010, Kate Hudson became a spokesmodel after, and most recently Carrie Underwood.

On June 16, 2022, its parent, Revlon, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.

## Cruelty-free cosmetic

Almay has not conducted animal testing for over 20 years. The company has eliminated testing in all phases of research, development and manufacturing of all their products. They do not support, nor request that suppliers do animal testing. However, they do obey "local laws" in which countries may require animal testing in order to sell products to customers.

## Controversy

In May 2015, the nonprofit organization, Truth in Advertising, filed complaints with the Federal Trade Commission and the New York Attorney General alleging that Almay’s “Simply American” marketing campaign was misleading to consumers. The FTC and New York Attorney General claimed that the TV and Internet adverts, which depict the former “American Idol” star Carrie Underwood decked out in red, white and blue along with other patriotic imagery, implied that Almay products were made in the United States, when they contain “non-US components”, misleading consumers.

It was revealed that three of the seven makeup products in the Almay’s “Simply American” commercials were made entirely overseas, in China, Germany and the Czech Republic. Revlon chairman, Ron Perelman, responded that the adverts neither claimed nor implied that Almay cosmetics are made in America. Perelman said their products celebrate the “simple, luminous and fresh-faced” look of American beauty, much as rival L’Oréal depicts the “French look.” Perelman also highlighted that the company employs 1,900 workers at its North Carolina manufacturing plant as evidence of its commitment to American jobs.

In 2017, Almay hired a new spokesperson, the half-Black/half-Jewish comedienne and producer Rashida Jones. The brand's Marketing Director Antoanette Bivona has admitted that "somewhere along the way, Almay lost its way, targeting a small range of skin tones. We need to reach a more diverse audience."

## Spokesmodels

Some of the actresses and models that have appeared in Almay advertising include:

## InfoBox

Almay Inc.
|
|  |
| Industry | Cosmetics |
| Founded | 1931 (1931) |
| Headquarters | New York City, New York, United States |
| Key people | * Vanessa Solomon (Global General Manager) * Carrie Underwood (Global Brand Ambassador) |
| Products |  |
| Parent | Revlon (Rev Holdings, LLC.) |
| Website | www.almay.com |


title: E. B. Osborn

abstract: Edward Bolland Osborn (1867–1938) was a British journalist, author and editor. Born in London in 1867, Osborn was the first son of Edward Haydon Osborn, an Inspector of Factories. He was educated at Rossall School, before matriculating at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he studied mathematics. Osborn worked for a period under W. E. Henley on the National Observer, alongside J. M. Barrie and H. G. Wells. In 1895, owing to ill-health, he travelled to Canada for a year's holiday, but ended up staying until 1900. During this time, he made a special study of Canadian history and development, publishing Greater Canada in 1900, whilst also writing occasionally for The Times and other British journals. The majority of Osborn's journalistic career was spent as literary editor of The Morning Post, which was later absorbed by The Daily Telegraph. He remained an employee of the combined newspaper for the rest of his life. In addition to his newspaper work, Osborn was also an accomplished author, writing books on a wide range of subjects, including Greek and Roman civilisation and the Middle Ages. He was the editor of the highly successful anthology of British war poetry The Muse in Arms, described as "the most celebrated collection of the war years." Twice married, Osborn had two sons and two daughters. He died on 8 October 1938 in Ealing, West London.

text:
# E. B. Osborn

**Edward Bolland Osborn** (1867–1938) was a British journalist, author and editor. Born in London in 1867, Osborn was the first son of Edward Haydon Osborn, an Inspector of Factories. He was educated at Rossall School, before matriculating at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he studied mathematics.

Osborn worked for a period under W. E. Henley on the *National Observer*, alongside J. M. Barrie and H. G. Wells. In 1895, owing to ill-health, he travelled to Canada for a year's holiday, but ended up staying until 1900. During this time, he made a special study of Canadian history and development, publishing *Greater Canada* in 1900, whilst also writing occasionally for *The Times* and other British journals.

The majority of Osborn's journalistic career was spent as literary editor of *The Morning Post*, which was later absorbed by *The Daily Telegraph*. He remained an employee of the combined newspaper for the rest of his life.

In addition to his newspaper work, Osborn was also an accomplished author, writing books on a wide range of subjects, including Greek and Roman civilisation and the Middle Ages. He was the editor of the highly successful anthology of British war poetry *The Muse in Arms*, described as "the most celebrated collection of the war years."

Twice married, Osborn had two sons and two daughters. He died on 8 October 1938 in Ealing, West London.

## Bibliography

* *Greater Canada: The Past, Present and Future of the Canadian North-West* (1900)
* *The Maid with Wings: And Other Fantasies, Grave to Gay* (1917)
* *The Muse in Arms* (1917)
* *The New Elizabethans, a First Selection of the Lives of Young Men Who Have Fallen in the Great War* (1919)
* *Our Debt to Greece and Rome* (1924)
* *The Middle Ages* (1928)


title: .300 Savage

abstract: The.300 Savage cartridge is a rimless,.30 caliber rifle cartridge developed by Savage Arms in 1920. It was designed to replace the less powerful.303 Savage in their popular Savage Model 1899 hammerless lever-action rifle, which they started to produce again as Model 99, as well as the new Savage Model 1920 bolt-action rifle. Despite having a short case in order to fit the original Model 99 magazine and a rather stumpy neck, the cartridge is capable of propelling a 150-grain (9.7 g) bullet at over 2,600 ft/s (790 m/s) with an effective range of over 300 yd (270 m).

text:
# .300 Savage

The **.300 Savage cartridge** is a rimless, .30 caliber rifle cartridge developed by Savage Arms in 1920. It was designed to replace the less powerful .303 Savage in their popular Savage Model 1899 hammerless lever-action rifle, which they started to produce again as Model 99, as well as the new Savage Model 1920 bolt-action rifle. Despite having a short case in order to fit the original Model 99 magazine and a rather stumpy neck, the cartridge is capable of propelling a 150-grain (9.7 g) bullet at over 2,600 ft/s (790 m/s) with an effective range of over 300 yd (270 m).

## Performance

Pressure level for the .300 Savage is set by SAAMI at 46,000 CUP.

## Official SAAMI .300 Savage dimensional line drawing

## InfoBox

| .300 Savage | |
| --- | --- |
| A side-by-side size comparison between the .308 Winchester (left) and the .300 Savage (right) | |
| Type | Rifle |
| Place of origin | United States |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Savage Arms |
| Manufacturer | Savage Arms |
| Produced | 1920–present |
| Specifications | |
| Parent case | .250 Savage |
| Case type | Rimless, bottleneck |
| Bullet diameter | .308 in (7.8 mm) |
| Neck diameter | .339 in (8.6 mm) |
| Shoulder diameter | .446 in (11.3 mm) |
| Base diameter | .471 in (12.0 mm) |
| Rim diameter | .473 in (12.0 mm) |
| Case length | 1.871 in (47.5 mm) |
| Overall length | 2.60 in (66 mm) |
| Case capacity | 52.5 gr H2O (3.40 cm3) |
| Rifling twist | 1-10 in |
| Primer type | Large rifle |
| Maximum pressure (C.I.P.) | 52,939 psi (365.00 MPa) |
| Maximum pressure (SAAMI) | 47,000 psi (320 MPa) |
| Ballistic performance | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy  150 gr (10 g) Remington Core-Lokt soft point factory load 2,630 ft/s (800 m/s) 2,303 ft⋅lbf (3,122 J)  150 gr (10 g) Hornady Superperformance SST factory load 2,740 ft/s (840 m/s) 2,500 ft⋅lbf (3,400 J)  180 gr (12 g) Federal soft point factory load 2,350 ft/s (720 m/s) 2,207 ft⋅lbf (2,992 J)  150 gr (10 g) FMJ hand load 2,765 ft/s (843 m/s) 2,547 ft⋅lbf (3,453 J)  165 gr (11 g) PSPCL hand load 2,676 ft/s (816 m/s) 2,624 ft⋅lbf (3,558 J) | |
| Test barrel length: 24
Source(s): Midway USA (factory loads)
Accurate Powder (hand loads) | |


title: .300 Winchester Short Magnum

abstract: 300 Winchester Short Magnum is a.30 caliber rebated rim bottlenecked centerfire short magnum cartridge that was introduced in 2001 by Winchester.

text:
# .300 Winchester Short Magnum

**300 Winchester Short Magnum** (also known as **300 WSM**) is a .30 caliber rebated rim bottlenecked centerfire short magnum cartridge that was introduced in 2001 by Winchester.

## Specifications

The overall cartridge length is 72.6 mm. The cartridge case length is 53.34 mm. The bullet diameter is .308 in (7.82 mm), which is common to all U.S. .30 caliber cartridges. The principle at work in the short magnum cartridge is the fitting of larger volumes of powder in closer proximity to the primer's flash hole, resulting in more-uniform ignition. .300 WSM has a case capacity of 80 grains. The .30-06 Springfield holds 69 grains; .308 Winchester holds 56 grains; 30-30 Winchester holds 45 grains. The .300 Winchester Magnum has a case capacity of 93.8 grains. While providing ballistic performance nearly identical to that of the .300 Winchester Magnum, 300 WSM does this with about 14 grains less powder. The .300 WSM also head-spaces off of the case shoulder, versus the older .300 Winchester Magnum's belted head space design.

The advantage to this round is the ballistic performance is nearly identical to the .300 Winchester Magnum in a lighter rifle with a shorter action burning 8 - 10% less gunpowder. A disadvantage of cartridge case designs with relatively large case head diameters lies in relatively high bolt thrust levels exerted on the locking mechanism of the employed firearm. Also, in small ring actions the larger chamber diameter removes more steel from the barrel tenon, making it weaker radially.

## Use

The .300 WSM is adequate for hunting all big game including (but not limited to): moose, black bear, brown bear, elk, mule deer, and white-tailed deer in forests and plains where long range, flat shots are necessary. The .300 WSM is also used in benchrest shooting.

The .300 WSM has a standard bullet diameter of .308 in (7.82 mm) and takes advantage of the numerous bullet options available in that caliber.

## Warnings

The 300 WSM is a Delta L problem cartridge, meaning it can present unexpected chambering and/or feeding problems. The Delta L problem article explains this problem in more detail. The .300 Remington Short Action Ultra Magnum has very similar cartridge dimensions but is not interchangeable.

### Muzzle velocity

* 165 gr (10.69 g) Full Metal Jacket (FMJ): 3,223 ft/s (982 m/s)
* 180 gr (11.66 g) Full Metal Jacket (FMJ): 3,095 ft/s (943 m/s)

## Comparison

300 WSM performance comparisons
| Cartridge | Bullet Weight (gr) | Muzzle velocity (fps) | Muzzle energy (Ft-lbs) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 300 WSM | 200 | 2822 | 3536 |
| .300 RSAUM | 200 | 2790 | 3456 |
| .300 Win Mag | 200 | 2850 | 3607 |
| .300 Wby Mag | 200 | 3060 | 4158 |
| .300 RUM | 200 | 3154 | 4417 |
| .30-06 Springfield | 200 | 2569 | 2930 |

## InfoBox

| 300 Winchester Short Magnum | |
| --- | --- |
| From left to right: .300 Winchester Magnum, 300 WSM, .308 Winchester, .223 Remington | |
| Type | Rifle |
| Place of origin | United States |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Winchester |
| Designed | 2001 |
| Manufacturer | Winchester |
| Produced | 2001–present |
| Specifications | |
| Case type | Rebated-rimmed, bottleneck |
| Bullet diameter | .308 in (7.8 mm) |
| Land diameter | .300 in (7.6 mm) |
| Neck diameter | .344 in (8.7 mm) |
| Shoulder diameter | .538 in (13.7 mm) |
| Base diameter | .555 in (14.1 mm) |
| Rim diameter | .535 in (13.6 mm) |
| Case length | 2.100 in (53.3 mm) |
| Overall length | 2.860 in (72.6 mm) |
| Case capacity | 80.4 gr |
| Rifling twist | 1-10" |
| Primer type | Large rifle magnum |
| Maximum pressure (C.I.P.) | 63,817 psi (440.00 MPa) |
| Ballistic performance | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy  150 gr (10 g) SP 3,313 ft/s (1,010 m/s) 3,657 ft⋅lbf (4,958 J)  165 gr (11 g) HP 3,223 ft/s (982 m/s) 3,807 ft⋅lbf (5,162 J)  180 gr (12 g) HP 3,095 ft/s (943 m/s) 3,830 ft⋅lbf (5,190 J)  200 gr (13 g) SP 2,822 ft/s (860 m/s) 3,538 ft⋅lbf (4,797 J) | |
| Test barrel length: 24"<br>Source(s): Reloading data at Accurate Powder | |


abstract: "(Tonight We Just Might) Fall in Love Again" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Hal Ketchum. It was released in April 1994 as the first single from the album Every Little Word. The song reached No. 20 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. It was written by Ketchum and Al Anderson.

text:
# (Tonight We Just Might) Fall in Love Again

"**(Tonight We Just Might) Fall in Love Again**" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Hal Ketchum. It was released in April 1994 as the first single from the album *Every Little Word*. The song reached No. 20 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. It was written by Ketchum and Al Anderson.

## Music video

The music video was directed by Sherman Halsey and premiered in May 1994.

## Chart performance

"(Tonight We Just Might) Fall in Love Again" debuted at number 66 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of April 23, 1994.

| Chart (1994) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Country Tracks (*RPM*) | 17 |
| US Hot Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 20 |

## InfoBox

| "(Tonight We Just Might) Fall in Love Again" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Hal Ketchum | |
| from the album  *Every Little Word* | |
| B-side | "Drive On" |
| Released | April 18, 1994 |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 3:25 |
| Label | Curb |
| Songwriter(s) | Hal Ketchum, Al Anderson |
| Producer(s) | Allen Reynolds, Jim Rooney |
| Hal Ketchum singles chronology | |
| "Someplace Far Away (Careful What You're Dreaming)"
(1993) "**(Tonight We Just Might) Fall in Love Again**"
(1994) "That's What I Get for Losin' You"
(1994) | |


title: (Trimethylsilyl)methyl chloride

abstract:
(Trimethylsilyl)methyl chloride is the organosilicon compound with the formula (CH3)3SiCH2Cl. A colorless, volatile liquid, it is an alkylating agent that is employed in organic synthesis, especially as a precursor to (trimethylsilyl)methyllithium. In the presence of triphenylphosphine, it olefinates benzophenones:
  - (CH3)3SiCH2Cl + PPh3 + Ar2C=O → Ar2C=CH2 + OPPh3 + (CH3)3SiCl

text:
# (Trimethylsilyl)methyl chloride

**(Trimethylsilyl)methyl chloride** is the organosilicon compound with the formula (CH3)3SiCH2Cl. A colorless, volatile liquid, it is an alkylating agent that is employed in organic synthesis, especially as a precursor to (trimethylsilyl)methyllithium. In the presence of triphenylphosphine, it olefinates benzophenones:

(CH3)3SiCH2Cl + PPh3 \+ Ar2C=O → Ar2C=CH2 \+ OPPh3 \+ (CH3)3SiCl   1. "Chloromethyltrimethylsilane". *pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov*. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
2. Hamann, Lawrence G.; Jones, Todd K. (2001). "(Chloromethyl)trimethylsilane". *Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis*. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rc129. ISBN 0471936235.

## InfoBox

(Trimethylsilyl)methyl chloride
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| Other names (Chloromethyl)trimethylsilane | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.017.326 |
| EC Number | * 219-058-5 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C4H11ClSi/c1-6(2,3)4-5/h4H2,1-3H3Key: OOCUOKHIVGWCTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
| SMILES * C\[Si\](C)(C)CCl | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C4H11ClSi |
| Molar mass | 122.67 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | colorless liquid |
| Density | 0.886 g cm−3 |
| Boiling point | 97–98 °C (207–208 °F; 370–371 K) |
| Hazards | |
| **GHS** labelling: | |
| Pictograms |  |
| Signal word | **Danger** |
| Hazard statements | H225, H315, H319, H335, H411 |
| Precautionary statements | P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501 |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: All India Moovendar Munnani Kazhagam

abstract: All India Moovendar Munnani Kazhagam is a Tamil political party in India, based amongst the thevar caste. The party founder and president is Dr. N. Sedhuraman. The party was founded by All India Thevar Peravai in 1998.

text:
# All India Moovendar Munnani Kazhagam

**All India Moovendar Munnani Kazhagam** is a Tamil political party in India, based amongst the thevar caste. The party founder and president is Dr. N. Sedhuraman. The party was founded by All India Thevar Peravai (All India Thevar Front) in 1998.

## Performance

All India Moovendar Munnani Kazhagam first allied with Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. In the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly elections of 2001 one candidate of All India Moovendar Munnani Kazhagam was launched on a DMK symbol in the constituency of Thirumangalam and got 39,918 votes (36.2%, no seat). In 2006 elections the party contested in 5 constituencies with alliance with BJP and lost in all the 5 seats without deposit. The Party is now in alliance with All India Anna Dravidar Munnetra Kazhagam from August 2006.

## 2011 Assembly elections

The party sealed alliance with AIADMK and has been allocated 1 seat for the 2011 elections. They have lost even this election

## InfoBox

| All India Moovendar Munnani Kazhagam | |
| --- | --- |
| Leader | Dr. N. Sedhuraman |
| Founded | 1998 |
| Headquarters | Lake Area, Melur Road, Madurai – 625107 |
| Ideology | Thevar interests |
|  | |


title: ECUARUNARI

abstract: ECUARUNARI, also known as Confederation of Peoples of Kichwa Nationality is the organization of indigenous peoples of Kichwa nationality in the Ecuadorian central mountain region, founded in 1972. Twelve ethnic groups of the region—Natabuela, Otavalos, Karanki (Caranqui), Kayampi (Cayambi), Kitu Kara (Quitu), Panzaleo, Salasaca, Chibuleo, Puruhá, Guranga, Kañari and Saraguros—are represented politically by the Confederation. ECUARUNARI is one of three major regional groupings that constitute the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAIE). It is also member of the Andean indigenous organization, Coordination of Indigenous Organizations of the Andes. The current president of ECUARUNARI is Alberto Ainawano from Kichwa-chibuleo. A notable member is Carmen Tiupul who is a member of Ecuador's National Assembly.

text:
# ECUARUNARI

**ECUARUNARI** (in Kichwa: **Ecuador Runakunapak Rikcharimuy**, "Movement of the indigenous people of Ecuador"), also known as **Confederation of Peoples of Kichwa Nationality** (**Ecuador Kichwa Llaktakunapak Jatun Tantanakuy*,* in Spanish **Confederación de Pueblos de la Nacionalidad Kichwa del Ecuador**) is the organization of indigenous peoples of Kichwa nationality in the Ecuadorian central mountain region, founded in 1972.

Twelve ethnic groups of the region—Natabuela, Otavalos, Karanki *(Caranqui)*, Kayampi *(Cayambi)*, Kitu Kara *(Quitu)*, Panzaleo, Salasaca, Chibuleo, Puruhá, Guranga, Kañari and Saraguros—are represented politically by the Confederation. ECUARUNARI is one of three major regional groupings that constitute the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAIE). It is also member of the Andean indigenous organization, Coordination of Indigenous Organizations of the Andes (*Coordinadora Andina de Organizaciones Indígenas*, CAOI).

The current president of ECUARUNARI is Alberto Ainawano from Kichwa-chibuleo. A notable member is Carmen Tiupul who is a member of Ecuador's National Assembly.


abstract: The 12th General Junta is the current meeting of the General Junta, the parliament of the Principality of Asturias, with the membership determined by the results of the regional election held on 28 May 2023. The congress met for the first time on 26 June 2023, with a maximum term of four years.

text:
# 12th General Junta of the Principality of Asturias

The **12th General Junta** is the current meeting of the General Junta, the parliament of the Principality of Asturias, with the membership determined by the results of the regional election held on 28 May 2023. The congress met for the first time on 26 June 2023, with a maximum term of four years.

## Election

The 12th Asturian regional election was held on 28 May 2023. At the election the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) remained the largest party in the General Junta despite losing one seat, falling short of a majority again. The People's Party of Asturias (PP) gained 7 seats after the collapse of Citizens (CS).

| Alliance | | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 195,999 | 36.49% | **19** | 1 |
|  | People's Party (PP) | 175,131 | 32.61% | **17** | 7 |
|  | Vox (Vox) | 54,273 | 10.10% | **4** | 2 |
|  | Assembly for Asturias United LeftMore CountryAsturian Left (IU–MP–IAS) | 40,774 | 7.59% | **3** | 1 |
|  | We Can Asturias (Podemos Asturies) | 21,052 | 3.92% | **1** | 3 |
|  | Asturias Forum (Foro) | 19,652 | 3.65% | **1** | 1 |
|  | SOS Asturias–Empty Spain (SOS Asturias) | 5,838 | 1.08 % | **0** |  |
|  | Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (CS) | 4,974 | 0.92% | **0** | 5 |
|  | Others/blanks | 19,330 | 3.64% | **0** |  |
| Total | | 537,023 | 100.00% | 45 |  |

## History

The new parliament met for the first time on 26 June 2023 and Juan Cofiño (PSOE) was elected as President of the General Junta with the support of United Left and Asturian Forum.

| President | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Candidate | | | Votes |
| Juan Cofiño |  | PSOE | 23 |
| José Manuel Felgueres |  | PP | 17 |
| Gonzalo Centeno |  | Vox | 4 |
| Blank | | | 1 |
| Total | | | 45 |

## Deaths, resignations and suspensions

The 12th General Junta has seen the following deaths, resignations and suspensions:

* 9 August 2023 - María Concepción Saavedra (Ind., PSOE) resigned after being appointed Minister of Health in the Asturian regional cabinet. She was replaced by Ricardo Fernández (PSOE) on 14 September 2023.
* 14 September 2023 - Enrique Fernández (PSOE) resigned after being appointed senator by the General Junta. He was replaced by Jacinto Braña (PSOE) on 10 October 2023.
* 13 October 2023 - Diego Canga (PP), leader of the People's Party, announced his resignation and decision on returning to his post as civil servant in Brussels. He was replaced by Pedro de Rueda (PP) on 24 October 2023. Member Álvaro Queipo (PP) was elected to replace him as leader of the People's Party of Asturias on a primary election in early November with 85,34%.
* 2 February 2024 - Pablo González (PP) resigned. He was replaced by Nuria González-Nuevo (PP) on 7 February 2024.

## Members

| Name | Constituency | No. | Party | | Alliance | | Group | Took office | Left office | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Rafael Alonso | Central | 12 |  | PPA |  | PP | People's | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Alba Álvarez | Western | 2 |  | FSA |  | PSOE | Socialists | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Sara Concepción Álvarez | Central | 3 |  | Vox |  | Vox | Vox | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Adrián Barbón | Central | 1 |  | FSA |  | PSOE | Socialists | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Jacinto Braña | Central | 15 |  | FSA |  | PSOE | Socialists | 10 October 2023 |  | Replaces Enrique Fernández |
| Sandra María Camino | Central | 10 |  | PPA |  | PP | People's | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Delia Campomanes | Central | 2 |  | IU/IX |  | IUMPIAS | IU–MP–IAS | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Diego Canga | Central | 1 |  | PPA |  | PP | People's | 26 June 2023 | 13 October 2023 | Replaced by Pedro de Rueda. |
| María Dolores Carcedo | Central | 4 |  | FSA |  | PSOE | Socialists | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Gonzalo Centeno | Central | 4 |  | Vox |  | Vox | Vox | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Manuel Cifuentes | Central | 11 |  | PPA |  | PP | People's | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Juan Manuel Cofiño | Central | 3 |  | FSA |  | PSOE | Socialists | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| José Luis Costillas | Central | 9 |  | PPA |  | PP | People's | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| José Agustín Cuervas-Mons | Central | 5 |  | PPA |  | PP | People's | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| José Manuel Felgueres | Eastern | 2 |  | PPA |  | PP | People's | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Enrique Fernández | Central | 7 |  | FSA |  | PSOE | Socialists | 26 June 2023 | 14 September 2023 | Replaced by Jacinto Braña. |
| Lidia Fernández | Western | 3 |  | FSA |  | PSOE | Socialists | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Luis Ramón Fernández | Central | 9 |  | FSA |  | PSOE | Socialists | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| María Celia Fernández | Central | 6 |  | FSA |  | PSOE | Socialists | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| María del Pilar Fernández | Central | 2 |  | PPA |  | PP | People's | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Ricardo Fernández | Central | 14 |  | FSA |  | PSOE | Socialists | 14 September 2023 |  | Replaces María Concepción Saavedra. |
| Susana Fernández | Central | 8 |  | PPA |  | PP | People's | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| María Esther Freile | Eastern | 3 |  | FSA |  | PSOE | Socialists | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| José Ramón García | Central | 5 |  | FSA |  | PSOE | Socialists | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| María Gloria García | Central | 6 |  | PPA |  | PP | People's | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Ana Isabel González | Central | 13 |  | FSA |  | PSOE | Socialists | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Pablo González | Central | 4 |  | PPA |  | PP | People's | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Javier Jové | Central | 2 |  | Vox |  | Vox | Vox | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Gimena Llamedo | Eastern | 1 |  | FSA |  | PSOE | Socialists | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Carolina López | Central | 1 |  | Vox |  | Vox | Vox | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Noelia Macías | Central | 12 |  | FSA |  | PSOE | Socialists | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Marcelino Marcos | Western | 1 |  | FSA |  | PSOE | Socialists | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Salvador Menéndez | Western | 3 |  | PPA |  | PP | People's | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Ángel Ricardo Morales | Eastern | 2 |  | FSA |  | PSOE | Socialists | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Beatriz Polledo | Central | 3 |  | PPA |  | PP | People's | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Ana Isabel Puerto | Central | 10 |  | FSA |  | PSOE | Socialists | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Adrián Pumares | Central | 1 |  | Foro |  | Foro | Mixed | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Álvaro Queipo | Western | 1 |  | PPA |  | PP | People's | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Mónica Ronderos | Central | 8 |  | FSA |  | PSOE | Socialists | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Andrés David Ruiz | Central | 7 |  | PPA |  | PP | People's | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Pedro de Rueda | Central | 13 |  | PPA |  | PP | People's | 24 October 2023 |  | Replaced Diego Canga. |
| María Concepción Saavedra | Central | 2 |  | Independent |  | PSOE | Socialists | 26 June 2023 | 9 August 2023 | Replaced by Ricardo Fernández. |
| René Suárez | Central | 11 |  | FSA |  | PSOE | Socialists | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Covadonga Tomé | Central | 1 |  | Podemos |  | Podemos | Mixed | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Cristina Vega | Western | 2 |  | PPA |  | PP | People's | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Xabel Vegas | Central | 3 |  | MA–MP |  | IUMPIAS | IU–MP–IAS | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Luis Miguel Venta | Eastern | 1 |  | PPA |  | PP | People's | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
| Ovidio Zapico | Central | 1 |  | IU/IX |  | IUMPIAS | IU–MP–IAS | 26 June 2023 |  |  |
|

## InfoBox

| 12th General Junta | |
| --- | --- |
| 11th 13th | |
|  | |
| Overview | |
| Legislative body | General Junta of the Principality of Asturias |
| Term | 26 June 2023 (2023-06-26) |
| Election | 28 May 2023 |
| Government | Barbón II |
| Website | jgpa.es |
| Deputies | |
|  | |
| Members | 45 |
| President | Juan Cofiño (PSOE) |
| First Vice-President | Celia Fernández (PSOE) |
| Second Vice-President | José Agustín Cuervas-Mons (PP) |
| First Secretary | Delia Campomanes (IU–MP–IAS) |
| Second Secretary | María del Pilar Fernández (PP) |


title: EDP Sciences

abstract: EDP Sciences is an STM publisher that disseminates scientific information for specialist and more general audiences. EDP produces and publishes international journals, books, conferences, and websites with predominantly scientific and technical content. Originally a joint venture of four French learned societies in science, mathematics, and medicine, the company was acquired by China Science Publishing & Media in 2019.

text:
# EDP Sciences

**EDP Sciences** (**Édition Diffusion Presse Sciences**) is an STM publisher that disseminates scientific information for specialist and more general audiences (general public, decision-makers, teachers, etc.). EDP produces and publishes international journals, books, conferences, and websites with predominantly scientific and technical content. Originally a joint venture of four French learned societies in science, mathematics, and medicine, the company was acquired by China Science Publishing & Media in 2019.

## History

The company was founded in 1920 under the name **La Société du *Journal de Physique* et *Le Radium***. It thus took over the publication of the *Journal de Physique* (established in 1872) on the occasion of its merger with the journal *Le Radium* (established in 1904). Among the founders were the Société Française de Physique and several notable scientists and industrialists: Antoine Béclère, Louis de Broglie, Marie Curie, Paul Langevin, Louis Lumière, Jean Perrin, and Léon Brillouin, as well as patrons such as Albert I, Prince of Monaco.

The company continued to publish the different sections of the *Journal de Physique* until the 1980s, at which point its journal publishing expanded into other areas of physics, particularly astrophysics. The company also began publishing books.

In 1997, the publisher broadened further to reach other scientific markets, and changed its name to Édition Diffusion Presse Sciences (more commonly shortened to EDP Sciences, including in the company's own marketing materials).

EDP Sciences today publishes almost 50 international paper and electronic journals and magazines, as well as about a hundred websites and a variety of annual and monograph books. While the publisher was originally owned by four learned societies: the Société Française de Physique, the Société Chimique de France, the Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et Industrielles, and the Société Française d'Optique, it was acquired in 2019 by China Science Publishing & Media.

## Publications

Across its divisions, EDP Science publishes in the following subject areas: chemistry; general knowledge; mathematics and computer science; health sciences and dentistry; physics, astronomy, and astrophysics; engineering and technology; social sciences and humanities; life sciences.

The company publishes more than 50 scientific journals, both paper and electronic, and also a number of professional magazines (mostly French-language) in the physics domain (*Photoniques*, *Europhysics News*, and others) and in health sciences (*Audio Infos*, *Basse Vision Infos*, *L'Entreprise officinale*, *Orthophile*, *Indépendentaire*, etc.).

EDP Science manages the annual publishing of several undergraduate teaching texts, other professional books, and popular-science books, and also publishes monographs at masters-degree level and higher.

**Examples of EDP journals**
| Title | Themes | Scientific partnership |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Astronomy and Astrophysics* | Astronomy and Astrophysics, Physics | European Southern Observatory (ESO) |
| *ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations* | Mathematics and Computer Science | Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et Industrielles (SMAI) |
| *ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis* | Mathematics and Computer Science | Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et Industrielles (SMAI) |
| *European Physical Journal Applied Physics* (EPJ AP) | Engineering & Technology, Physics | CNRS – European Physical Society (EPS) |
| *Hydroécologie appliquée* | Engineering & Technology, Social Sciences & Humanities, General Knowledge, Health Sciences, Life Sciences | EDF |
| *Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems* (KMAE) | Life Sciences | Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques (ONEMA) |
| *Mécanique et industrie* | Engineering & Technology, Physics | Association française de mécanique (AFM) |
| *L'Orthodontie française* | Health Sciences & Dentistry | Société française d'orthopédie dento-faciale (SFODF) |
| *Parasite* | Life Sciences | Société Française de Parasitologie |
| *Revue d'Orthopédie Dento-Faciale* | Health Sciences & Dentistry | Association de la Revue d’Orthopédie Dento-Faciale |

## Open access

EDP Sciences supports the development of open-access journals. Part of its catalogue of journals is already in total (gold) or partial (green) open access, and it is rated a "green publisher" by the SHERPA/RoMEO site. EDP is also a member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA), a trade association of OA publishers in all scientific, technical, and scholarly disciplines.

## Web of Conferences

**Web of Conferences** is an online portal entirely dedicated to scientific conferences. It offers an international meetings calendar and a space collecting all the conference proceedings published by EDP Sciences. It also provides a proceedings-publishing service.

## InfoBox

EDP Sciences
| Founded | 1920 (1920) |
| --- | --- |
| Country of origin | France |
| Headquarters location | Les Ulis |
| Nonfiction topics | Chemistry, Engineering & Technology, General Knowledge, Health Sciences & Dentistry, Life Sciences, Mathematics & Computer Sciences, Physics & Astronomy, Social Sciences & Humanities |
| Owner(s) | China Science Publishing & Media |
| Official website | www.edpsciences.org |


title: EDP Renewables North America

abstract: EDP Renewables North America and its subsidiaries develop, construct, own, and operate wind farms and solar parks throughout North America. Headquartered in Houston, Texas, with 58 wind farms and 9 solar parks, EDP Renewables North America operates more than 8,200 megawatts (MW) of renewable energy projects in 14 U.S. states as well as in Canada and Mexico. EDPR NA is owned by EDP Renewables (EDPR), a company that develops, constructs, owns, and operates renewable electricity generation facilities. EDPR has grown significantly in recent years and is currently present in 14 countries. EDPR is the world’s fourth-largest wind energy producer, and EDPR NA represents EDPR’s largest market in terms of installed capacity and production.

text:
# EDP Renewables North America

EDP Renewables North America (former names: Zilkha Renewable Energy and Horizon Wind Energy) and its subsidiaries develop, construct, own, and operate wind farms and solar parks throughout North America.

Headquartered in Houston, Texas, with 58 wind farms and 9 solar parks, EDP Renewables North America (EDPR NA) operates more than 8,200 megawatts (MW) of renewable energy projects in 14 U.S. states (Arizona, California, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, South Carolina, Washington, and Wisconsin) as well as in Canada and Mexico.

EDPR NA is owned by EDP Renewables (EDPR), a company that develops, constructs, owns, and operates renewable electricity generation facilities. EDPR has grown significantly in recent years and is currently present in 14 countries (Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, France, Greece, Italy, Mexico, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States). EDPR is the world’s fourth-largest wind energy producer, and EDPR NA represents EDPR’s largest market in terms of installed capacity and production.

## History

In 2005, the company (then called Zilkha Renewable Energy, and owned by Selim Zilkha and Michael Zilkha) was purchased by investment bank Goldman Sachs for an undisclosed sum and renamed Horizon Wind Energy. In 2007, the company was acquired by Energias de Portugal for $2.15 billion and later renamed EDP Renewables North America.

## InfoBox

EDP Renewables North America
| Company type | public |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Renewable energy |
| Predecessor | Zilkha Renewable Energy<br>Horizon Wind Energy |
| Headquarters | Houston, Texas, United States |
| Products | Wind and Solar Power Energy Storage |
| Revenue | $931.19 million (2019) |
| Operating income | $688.1 million (2019) |
| Number of employees | 1100 |
| Parent | EDP Renewables |
| Website | https://www.edprnorthamerica.com/ |


title: Alondra Tapia

abstract: Alondra Denis Tapia Cruz is a Dominican Republic volleyball player who played the 2024 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Alondra Tapia

**Alondra Denis Tapia Cruz** (born 19 May 2004 in La Vega) is a Dominican Republic volleyball player who played the 2024 Summer Olympics.

## Career

### 2024

She was part of the Dominican Republic national team that finished eight, losing 0–3 to Brazil in the quarterfinals of the 2024 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

| Alondra Tapia | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Alondra Denis Tapia Cruz |
| Nationality | Dominican |
| Born | (2004-05-19) 19 May 2004<br>La Vega, La Vega |
| Height | 1.93 m (6 ft 4 in) |
| Volleyball information | |
| Position | Opposite hitter |
| National team | |
| 2021–  Dominican Republic | |