title: 1952 Philadelphia Phillies season

text:
# 1952 Philadelphia Phillies season

## Offseason

In March 1952, during spring training, shortstop Granny Hamner was named captain of the team by manager Eddie Sawyer.

### Notable transactions

## Regular season

### Season standings

National League
| Team |  |  | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Brooklyn Dodgers | 96 | 57 | .627 |  | 4533 | 5124 |
| New York Giants | 92 | 62 | .597 |  | 5027 | 4235 |
| St. Louis Cardinals | 88 | 66 | .571 |  | 4829 | 4037 |
| Philadelphia Phillies | 87 | 67 | .565 |  | 4729 | 4038 |
| Chicago Cubs | 77 | 77 | .500 | 19½ | 4235 | 3542 |
| Cincinnati Reds | 69 | 85 | .448 | 27½ | 3839 | 3146 |
| Boston Braves | 64 | 89 | .418 | 32 | 3145 | 3344 |
| Pittsburgh Pirates | 42 | 112 | .273 | 54½ | 2354 | 1958 |

### Record vs. opponents

|
Sources: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | BOS | BR | CHC | CIN | NYG | PHI | PIT | STL |
| Boston |  | 3–18–1 | 12–10 | 9–13 | 9–13 | 9–13 | 15–7–1 | 7–15 |
| Brooklyn | 18–3–1 |  | 13–9–1 | 17–5 | 8–14 | 10–12 | 19–3 | 11–11 |
| Chicago | 10–12 | 9–13–1 |  | 13–9 | 10–12 | 10–12 | 14–8 | 11–11 |
| Cincinnati | 13–9 | 5–17 | 9–13 |  | 6–16 | 10–12 | 16–6 | 10–12 |
| New York | 13–9 | 14–8 | 12–10 | 16–6 |  | 10–12 | 15–7 | 12–10 |
| Philadelphia | 13–9 | 12–10 | 12–10 | 12–10 | 12–10 |  | 16–6 | 10–12 |
| Pittsburgh | 7–15–1 | 3–19 | 8–14 | 6–16 | 7–15 | 6–16 |  | 5–17 |
| St. Louis | 15–7 | 11–11 | 11–11 | 12–10 | 10–12 | 12–10 | 17–5 |  |

### Notable transactions

### Game log

| Legend | |
| --- | --- |
|  | Phillies win |
|  | Phillies loss |
|  | Postponement |
| **Bold** | Phillies team member |

| 1952 Game Log
Overall Record: 87–67 |
| --- |
|
| April (4–7)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Attendance Record  April 15 @ Giants *Postponed (rain); Makeup: September 4*  1 April 16 @ Giants 3–5 Sal Maglie (1–0) **Robin Roberts** (0–1) *None* 17,472 0–1  2 April 17 @ Giants 5–3 (11) **Jim Konstanty** (1–0) George Spencer (0–1) *None* 13,697 1–1  3 April 18 Braves 2–3 Lew Burdette (1–0) **Russ Meyer** (0–1) *None* 15,911 1–2  4 April 19 Braves 7–9 Bert Thiel (1–0) **Andy Hansen** (0–1) Lew Burdette (1) 9,466 1–3  5 April 20 (1) Braves 4–3 (10) **Robin Roberts** (1–1) Lew Burdette (1–1) *None* see 2nd game 2–3  6 April 20 (2) Braves 1–2 Dave Cole (1–0) **Karl Drews** (0–1) Dick Donovan (1) 26,011 2–4  7 April 21 Giants 4–10 Jim Hearn (1–0) **Howie Fox** (0–1) Dave Koslo (1) 14,609 2–5  8 April 22 Giants 1–4 Larry Jansen (1–0) **Russ Meyer** (0–2) *None* 12,405 2–6  April 23 Dodgers *Postponed (rain); Makeup: August 9 as a traditional double-header*  April 24 Dodgers *Postponed (rain); Makeup: August 11 as a traditional double-header*  April 25 @ Braves *Postponed (rain); Makeup: July 3*  9 April 26 @ Braves 8–0 **Robin Roberts** (2–1) Vern Bickford (0–1) *None* 1,893 3–6  April 27 (1) @ Braves *Postponed (rain); Makeup: August 5 as a traditional double-header*  April 27 (2) @ Braves *Postponed (rain); Makeup: August 6 as a traditional double-header*  10 April 29 @ Cubs 8–2 **Curt Simmons** (1–0) Bob Rush (1–2) *None* 8,484 4–6  11 April 30 @ Cubs 8–9 (12) Dutch Leonard (1–0) **Howie Fox** (0–2) *None* 7,221 4–7 |
| May (13–13)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Attendance Record  12 May 1 @ Cardinals 6–3 **Robin Roberts** (3–1) Cliff Chambers (1–1) *None* 5,596 5–7  13 May 2 @ Cardinals 2–3 Vinegar Bend Mizell (1–2) **Russ Meyer** (0–3) *None* 9,462 5–8  14 May 3 @ Cardinals 0–3 Cloyd Boyer (1–0) **Karl Drews** (0–2) *None* 5,676 5–9  15 May 4 (1) @ Reds 4–5 Ewell Blackwell (1–3) **Curt Simmons** (1–1) Frank Smith (3) see 2nd game 5–10  16 May 4 (2) @ Reds 7–8 Harry Perkowski (2–1) **Howie Fox** (0–3) Frank Smith (4) 19,780 5–11  17 May 6 @ Pirates 6–0 **Robin Roberts** (4–1) Don Carlsen (0–1) *None* 9,008 6–11  18 May 7 @ Pirates 1–5 Howie Pollet (1–3) **Russ Meyer** (0–4) *None* 7,291 6–12  May 8 @ Pirates *Postponed (rain, wet grounds); Makeup: July 17 as a traditional double-header*  19 May 10 (1) @ Dodgers 4–0 **Karl Drews** (1–2) Ralph Branca (2–2) *None* see 2nd game 7–12  20 May 10 (2) @ Dodgers 8–1 **Robin Roberts** (5–1) Clem Labine (0–1) *None* 31,777 8–12  21 May 11 @ Dodgers 3–4 (10) Carl Erskine (2–0) **Howie Fox** (0–4) *None* 9,104 8–13  May 12 @ Dodgers *Postponed (cold, wet grounds); Makeup: July 2 as a traditional double-header*  22 May 13 Cubs 6–0 **Curt Simmons** (2–1) Joe Hatten (2–2) *None* 5,702 9–13  23 May 14 Cubs 9–2 **Russ Meyer** (1–4) Bob Kelly (1–3) *None* 3,212 10–13  24 May 15 Reds 5–1 **Robin Roberts** (6–1) Ewell Blackwell (1–5) *None* 14,752 11–13  25 May 16 Reds 3–2 (10) **Ken Heintzelman** (1–0) Herm Wehmeier (3–2) *None* 19,313 12–13  26 May 17 Reds 3–7 Frank Hiller (4–2) **Howie Fox** (0–5) *None* 5,285 12–14  27 May 18 Cardinals 3–4 Gerry Staley (7–1) **Russ Meyer** (1–5) Al Brazle (6) 12,380 12–15  May 19 Cardinals *Postponed (rain); Makeup: June 17 as a traditional double-header*  May 20 Pirates *Postponed (rain); Makeup: June 16*  28 May 21 Pirates 7–3 **Robin Roberts** (7–1) Murry Dickson (1–7) *None* 6,202 13–15  29 May 22 Pirates 6–0 **Curt Simmons** (3–1) Red Munger (0–2) *None* 3,065 14–15  30 May 23 Dodgers 1–5 Ben Wade (3–1) **Karl Drews** (1–3) *None* 30,323 14–16  31 May 24 Dodgers 0–5 Billy Loes (5–0) **Russ Meyer** (1–6) *None* 15,894 14–17  May 25 Dodgers *Postponed (rain); Makeup: September 2*  May 26 Braves *Postponed (rain); Makeup: May 27 as a traditional double-header*  32 May 27 (1) Braves 2–4 (12) Warren Spahn (4–3) **Ken Heintzelman** (1–1) Lew Burdette (4) see 2nd game 14–18  33 May 27 (2) Braves 5–4 (10) **Andy Hansen** (1–1) Sheldon Jones (0–1) *None* 27,225 15–18  34 May 29 Giants 6–5 **Karl Drews** (2–3) Hoyt Wilhelm (4–1) **Ken Heintzelman** (1) 3,919 16–18  35 May 30 (1) Giants 3–0 **Russ Meyer** (2–6) Max Lanier (1–3) *None* see 2nd game 17–18  36 May 30 (2) Giants 2–4 Larry Jansen (4–1) **Robin Roberts** (7–2) *None* 31,273 17–19  37 May 31 @ Pirates 3–5 Joe Muir (2–1) **Lou Possehl** (0–1) Woody Main (1) 6,425 17–20 |
| June (13–16)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Attendance Record  38 June 1 (1) @ Pirates 5–1 **Curt Simmons** (4–1) Murry Dickson (2–8) *None* see 2nd game 18–20  39 June 1 (2) @ Pirates 1–2 Ted Wilks (2–2) **Karl Drews** (2–4) *None* 15,529 18–21  40 June 3 @ Reds 1–2 Frank Smith (2–1) **Robin Roberts** (7–3) *None* 6,441 18–22  41 June 4 @ Reds 8–10 Frank Smith (3–1) **Ken Heintzelman** (1–2) *None* 6,075 18–23  42 June 5 @ Reds 3–5 Harry Perkowski (5–2) **Karl Drews** (2–5) *None* 2,459 18–24  43 June 6 @ Cardinals 4–5 Al Brazle (3–0) **Jim Konstanty** (1–1) *None* 7,512 18–25  44 June 7 @ Cardinals 4–3 **Jim Konstanty** (2–1) Bill Werle (0–1) *None* 10,391 19–25  45 June 8 @ Cardinals 3–5 Willard Schmidt (1–2) **Russ Meyer** (2–7) Eddie Yuhas (1) 10,399 19–26  46 June 10 @ Cubs 5–10 Paul Minner (6–1) **Karl Drews** (2–6) *None* 10,125 19–27  47 June 11 @ Cubs 2–3 Turk Lown (3–2) **Curt Simmons** (4–2) Dutch Leonard (3) 10,765 19–28  48 June 12 @ Cubs 1–3 Warren Hacker (4–1) **Robin Roberts** (7–4) *None* 9,646 19–29  49 June 14 Pirates 4–2 **Russ Meyer** (3–7) Bob Friend (3–8) **Jim Konstanty** (1) 5,033 20–29  50 June 15 (1) Pirates 0–6 Howie Pollet (2–7) **Karl Drews** (2–7) *None* see 2nd game 20–30  51 June 15 (2) Pirates 6–3 **Howie Fox** (1–5) Murry Dickson (4–9) **Jim Konstanty** (2) 12,525 21–30  52 June 16 Pirates 5–4 **Jim Konstanty** (3–1) Paul LaPalme (1–1) *None* 2,210 22–30  53 June 17 (1) Cardinals 2–1 **Curt Simmons** (5–2) Bill Werle (1–2) *None* see 2nd game 23–30  54 June 17 (2) Cardinals 0–4 Al Brazle (4–1) **Robin Roberts** (7–5) Eddie Yuhas (2) 22,854 23–31  55 June 18 Cardinals 1–7 Joe Presko (4–3) **Russ Meyer** (3–8) *None* 9,973 23–32  56 June 19 Cardinals 4–6 Cloyd Boyer (3–3) **Howie Fox** (1–6) Al Brazle (10) 7,751 23–33  57 June 20 Reds 3–1 **Robin Roberts** (8–5) Ewell Blackwell (2–8) *None* 6,367 24–33  June 21 Reds *Postponed (rain); Makeup: July 29 as a traditional double-header*  58 June 22 (1) Reds 3–5 Frank Smith (6–3) **Andy Hansen** (1–2) *None* see 2nd game 24–34  59 June 22 (2) Reds 3–0 (7)\[a\] **Karl Drews** (3–7) Herm Wehmeier (4–4) *None* 6,891 25–34  June 23 Cubs *Postponed (rain); Makeup: June 24 as a traditional double-header*  60 June 24 (1) Cubs 6–0 **Robin Roberts** (9–5) Bob Rush (9–4) *None* see 2nd game 26–34  61 June 24 (2) Cubs 2–1 **Russ Meyer** (4–8) Johnny Klippstein (4–5) **Jim Konstanty** (3) 13,102 27–34  62 June 25 Cubs 1–4 Bob Kelly (2–4) **Karl Drews** (3–8) Dutch Leonard (4) 5,128 27–35  63 June 27 Giants 6–0 **Curt Simmons** (6–2) Larry Jansen (6–4) *None* 13,569 28–35  64 June 28 Giants 7–2 **Robin Roberts** (10–5) Jim Hearn (8–2) *None* 17,182 29–35  65 June 29 Giants 3–12 Hoyt Wilhelm (6–2) **Russ Meyer** (4–9) Max Lanier (4) 12,034 29–36  66 June 30 @ Dodgers 4–0 **Karl Drews** (4–8) Carl Erskine (7–2) *None* 21,377 30–36 |
| July (22–10)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Attendance Record  67 July 1 @ Dodgers 3–4 Clem Labine (5–2) **Jim Konstanty** (3–2) *None* 7,184 30–37  68 July 2 (1) @ Dodgers 4–3 **Robin Roberts** (11–5) Chris Van Cuyk (5–5) *None* see 2nd game 31–37  69 July 2 (2) @ Dodgers 2–1 **Russ Meyer** (5–9) Ben Wade (6–5) **Andy Hansen** (1) 17,216 32–37  70 July 3 @ Braves 2–0 **Curt Simmons** (7–2) Jim Wilson (7–6) *None* 1,232 33–37  71 July 4 (1) @ Braves 1–2 (11) Lew Burdette (4–3) **Karl Drews** (4–9) *None* see 2nd game 33–38  72 July 4 (2) @ Braves 2–3 Vern Bickford (3–9) **Ken Heintzelman** (1–3) *None* 7,610 33–39  73 July 5 @ Giants 3–2 **Howie Fox** (2–6) Larry Jansen (7–5) *None* 12,691 34–39  74 July 6 (1) @ Giants 0–2 Max Lanier (3–4) **Robin Roberts** (11–6) *None* see 2nd game 34–40  75 July 6 (2) @ Giants 4–1 **Russ Meyer** (6–9) Sal Maglie (11–4) *None* 24,238 35–40  July 8 **1952 Major League Baseball All-Star Game at Shibe Park in Philadelphia**  76 July 10 @ Cardinals 3–10 Gerry Staley (12–6) **Curt Simmons** (7–3) *None* 13,416 35–41  77 July 11 @ Cardinals 4–3 (10) **Robin Roberts** (12–6) Al Brazle (6–2) *None* 13,020 36–41  78 July 12 @ Cardinals 2–3 Harry Brecheen (4–3) **Russ Meyer** (6–10) Eddie Yuhas (4) 10,355 36–42  79 July 13 (1) @ Cubs 7–3 **Karl Drews** (5–9) Warren Hacker (6–3) **Andy Hansen** (2) see 2nd game 37–42  80 July 13 (2) @ Cubs 9–2 **Steve Ridzik** (1–0) Bob Rush (9–7) **Jim Konstanty** (4) 29,065 38–42  July 14 @ Cubs *Postponed (rain); Makeup: August 24 as a traditional double-header*  81 July 15 @ Pirates 10–3 **Curt Simmons** (8–3) Howie Pollet (3–10) *None* 10,244 39–42  82 July 16 @ Pirates 8–7 **Robin Roberts** (13–6) Murry Dickson (6–14) **Andy Hansen** (3) 2,569 40–42  83 July 17 (1) @ Pirates 1–2 Cal Hogue (1–0) **Russ Meyer** (6–11) *None* see 2nd game 40–43  84 July 17 (2) @ Pirates 2–4 Ted Wilks (5–4) **Karl Drews** (5–10) *None* 5,304 40–44  85 July 18 @ Reds 7–5 **Jim Konstanty** (4–2) Frank Hiller (4–6) **Russ Meyer** (1) 6,424 41–44  86 July 19 @ Reds 7–5 **Karl Drews** (6–10) Bud Podbielan (0–1) *None* 2,215 42–44  87 July 20 (1) @ Reds 5–6 (10) Frank Smith (8–7) **Russ Meyer** (6–12) *None* see 2nd game 42–45  88 July 20 (2) @ Reds 4–3 **Robin Roberts** (14–6) Bubba Church (1–6) *None* 9,170 43–45  89 July 22 (1)\[b\] Pirates 14–4 **Russ Meyer** (7–12) Cal Hogue (1–1) *None* see 2nd game 44–45  90 July 22 (2)\[b\] Pirates 8–1 **Karl Drews** (7–10) Woody Main (2–8) **Andy Hansen** (4) 11,213 45–45  91 July 23 Pirates 4–1 **Steve Ridzik** (2–0) Bob Friend (4–15) **Robin Roberts** (1) 4,611 46–45  92 July 25 Cubs 3–8 Warren Hacker (8–3) **Curt Simmons** (8–4) *None* 10,802 46–46  93 July 26 Cubs 7–2 **Robin Roberts** (15–6) Johnny Klippstein (6–8) *None* 4,312 47–46  94 July 27 (1) Cubs 12–8 **Andy Hansen** (2–2) Paul Minner (9–7) **Jim Konstanty** (5) see 2nd game 48–46  95 July 27 (2) Cubs 3–0 **Karl Drews** (8–10) Bob Rush (10–8) *None* 11,134 49–46  96 July 29 (1) Reds 6–1 **Curt Simmons** (9–4) Ewell Blackwell (2–11) *None* see 2nd game 50–46  97 July 29 (2) Reds 4–3 **Andy Hansen** (3–2) Ken Raffensberger (10–9) *None* 19,055 51–46  98 July 30 Reds 7–3 **Robin Roberts** (16–6) Frank Smith (8–9) *None* 7,505 52–46 |
| August (18–12)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Attendance Record  99 August 1 Cardinals 5–10 Eddie Yuhas (8–2) **Andy Hansen** (3–3) *None* 18,778 52–47  100 August 2 Cardinals 6–2 **Karl Drews** (9–10) Gerry Staley (13–10) **Robin Roberts** (2) 12,889 53–47  101 August 3 Cardinals 6–0 **Curt Simmons** (10–4) Joe Presko (6–6) *None* 13,715 54–47  August 5 (1) @ Braves *Postponed (rain); Makeup: August 7 as a traditional double-header*  August 5 (2) @ Braves *Postponed (rain); Makeup: August 31 as a traditional double-header*  August 6 (1) @ Braves *Postponed (rain); Makeup: August 30 as a traditional double-header*  August 6 (2) @ Braves *Postponed (rain); Makeup: September 6 in Philadelphia as a traditional double-header*  102 August 7 (1) @ Braves 2–1 **Robin Roberts** (17–6) Vern Bickford (7–11) *None* see 2nd game 55–47  103 August 7 (2) @ Braves 10–2 **Russ Meyer** (8–12) Jim Wilson (10–9) *None* 4,829 56–47  104 August 8 Dodgers 3–6 (10) Preacher Roe (8–1) **Curt Simmons** (10–5) *None* 16,163 56–48  105 August 9 (1) Dodgers 0–6 Billy Loes (10–5) **Karl Drews** (9–11) *None* see 2nd game 56–49  106 August 9 (2) Dodgers 2–4 Johnny Rutherford (4–2) **Steve Ridzik** (2–1) *None* 34,606 56–50  August 10 Dodgers *Postponed (rain); Makeup: September 2 as a traditional double-header*  107 August 11 (1) Dodgers 7–2 **Robin Roberts** (18–6) Ben Wade (11–7) *None* see 2nd game 57–50  108 August 11 (2) Dodgers 5–9 Joe Black (8–2) **Howie Fox** (2–7) *None* 39,705 57–51  August 12 Braves *Postponed (rain); Makeup: August 13 as a traditional double-header*  109 August 13 (1) Braves 3–0 **Karl Drews** (10–11) Vern Bickford (7–12) *None* see 2nd game 58–51  110 August 13 (2) Braves 3–9 Max Surkont (8–10) **Curt Simmons** (10–6) *None* 11,280 58–52  111 August 14 Braves 5–3 **Russ Meyer** (9–12) Warren Spahn (11–12) *None* 3,391 59–52  112 August 15 @ Dodgers 8–3 **Robin Roberts** (19–6) Joe Landrum (1–1) *None* 18,182 60–52  113 August 16 @ Dodgers 0–15 (7) Billy Loes (11–6) **Curt Simmons** (10–7) *None* 7,219 60–53  114 August 17 @ Dodgers 2–1 **Karl Drews** (11–11) Carl Erskine (11–5) *None* 18,863 61–53  115 August 19 @ Pirates 10–5 **Robin Roberts** (20–6) Ron Necciai (0–2) *None* 11,207 62–53  116 August 20 @ Pirates 3–1 **Russ Meyer** (10–12) Cal Hogue (1–5) *None* 2,755 63–53  117 August 22 @ Reds 2–3 Bud Podbielan (1–2) **Andy Hansen** (3–4) *None* 9,915 63–54  118 August 23 @ Reds 2–3 Frank Smith (9–9) **Karl Drews** (11–12) *None* 3,617 63–55  119 August 24 (1) @ Cubs 0–3 Warren Hacker (11–6) **Robin Roberts** (20–7) *None* see 2nd game 63–56  120 August 24 (2) @ Cubs 14–4 **Russ Meyer** (11–12) Paul Minner (11–9) *None* 33,820 64–56  121 August 25 @ Cubs 6–3 (10) **Andy Hansen** (4–4) Turk Lown (4–9) *None* 6,505 65–56  122 August 26 @ Cubs 2–3 (13) Bob Schultz (4–2) **Andy Hansen** (4–5) *None* 7,019 65–57  123 August 27 @ Cardinals 7–2 **Curt Simmons** (11–7) Vinegar Bend Mizell (8–6) *None* 9,129 66–57  124 August 28 @ Cardinals 10–6 **Robin Roberts** (21–7) Harry Brecheen (6–5) *None* 7,632 67–57  125 August 30 (1) @ Braves 4–2 **Karl Drews** (12–12) Lew Burdette (6–8) *None* see 2nd game 68–57  126 August 30 (2) @ Braves 8–6 **Andy Hansen** (5–5) Warren Spahn (12–15) *None* 5,277 69–57  127 August 31 (1) @ Braves 0–1 Virgil Jester (2–4) **Steve Ridzik** (2–2) *None* see 2nd game 69–58  128 August 31 (2) @ Braves 4–0 **Jim Konstanty** (5–2) Max Surkont (10–11) *None* 6,920 70–58 |
| September (17–9)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Attendance Record  September 1 (1) Dodgers *Postponed (rain); Makeup: September 23 in Brooklyn as a traditional double-header*  September 1 (2) Dodgers *Postponed (rain); Makeup: September 24 in Brooklyn*  129 September 2 (1) Dodgers 8–2 **Robin Roberts** (22–7) Ben Wade (11–8) *None* see 2nd game 71–58  130 September 2 (2) Dodgers 9–3 **Karl Drews** (13–12) Ray Moore (1–1) *None* 28,582 72–58  131 September 3 @ Giants 3–4 (10) Bill Connelly (3–0) **Andy Hansen** (5–6) *None* 15,984 72–59  132 September 4 @ Giants 3–4 (11) Al Corwin (4–0) **Russ Meyer** (11–13) *None* 5,219 72–60  133 September 5 @ Giants 4–5 Al Corwin (5–0) **Jim Konstanty** (5–3) Sal Maglie (1) 5,391 72–61  134 September 6 (1) Braves 7–6 (17) **Robin Roberts** (23–7) Bob Chipman (1–1) *None* see 2nd game 73–61  135 September 6 (2) Braves 1–3\[c\] Ernie Johnson (5–1) **Karl Drews** (13–13) Lew Burdette (7) 12,474 73–62  136 September 7 Braves 2–1 **Steve Ridzik** (3–2) Lew Burdette (6–9) *None* 6,011 74–62  137 September 9 Cardinals 4–7 Eddie Yuhas (9–2) **Curt Simmons** (11–8) Harry Brecheen (2) 9,254 74–63  138 September 10 Cardinals 6–3 **Steve Ridzik** (4–2) Vinegar Bend Mizell (10–7) **Jim Konstanty** (6) 7,157 75–63  139 September 11 Cardinals 3–2 **Robin Roberts** (24–7) Cliff Chambers (4–4) *None* 9,177 76–63  140 September 12 (1)\[d\] Cubs 1–5 Paul Minner (13–9) **Karl Drews** (13–14) *None* see 2nd game 76–64  141 September 12 (2)\[d\] Cubs 0–7 Bob Kelly (4–9) **Bob Miller** (0–1) *None* 8,571 76–65  142 September 14 (1) Pirates 5–2 **Curt Simmons** (12–8) Cal Hogue (1–7) *None* see 2nd game 77–65  143 September 14 (2) Pirates 2–1 **Russ Meyer** (12–13) Jim Waugh (1–6) *None* 7,238 78–65  144 September 16 Reds 4–2 **Robin Roberts** (25–7) Niles Jordan (0–1) *None* 8,690 79–65  145 September 17 Reds 7–4 **Karl Drews** (14–14) Frank Hiller (5–8) *None* 3,089 80–65  146 September 19 Giants 1–0 **Curt Simmons** (13–8) Sal Maglie (17–8) *None* 10,882 81–65  147 September 20 Giants 3–2 **Robin Roberts** (26–7) Al Corwin (6–1) *None* 21,712 82–65  148 September 21 Giants 6–2 **Russ Meyer** (13–13) Jim Hearn (14–7) *None* 12,891 83–65  149 September 23 (1) @ Dodgers 4–5 Johnny Rutherford (7–7) **Karl Drews** (14–15) *None* see 2nd game 83–66  150 September 23 (2) @ Dodgers 1–0(12) **Curt Simmons** (14–8) Jim Hughes (2–1) **Kent Peterson** (1) 24,408 84–66  151 September 24 @ Dodgers 9–7 **Robin Roberts** (27–7) Clem Labine (8–4) *None* 2,136 85–66  152 September 26 @ Giants 0–8 Sal Maglie (18–8) **Russ Meyer** (13–14) Hoyt Wilhelm (11) 1,684 85–67  153 September 27 @ Giants 7–3 **Paul Stuffel** (1–0) Mario Picone (0–1) **Kent Peterson** (2) 3,535 86–67  154 September 28 @ Giants 7–4 **Robin Roberts** (28–7) Jack Harshman (0–2) *None* 5,933 87–67 |
| **^\[a\]** The second game on June 22, 1952, was called after 7 innings due to darkness. Contemporary newspaper accounts, as well as Retrosheet, indicate that the Cincinnati Reds protested the game, but Baseball-Reference.com does not indicate that an official protest had occurred. **^\[b\]** The original game schedule indicated Pittsburgh at Philadelphia for single games on July 22, 23, and 24. **^\[c\]** The second game on September 6 was suspended (Pennsylvania curfew) in the bottom of the eighth inning with the score 1–3 and was completed September 7, 1952. **^\[d\]** The original game schedule indicated Chicago at Philadelphia for single games on September 12 and 13. |

### Roster

| 1952 Philadelphia Phillies | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Roster** | | | | | | | | | |
| **Pitchers** |  | **Catchers** **Infielders** |  | **Outfielders** **Other batters** |  | **Manager** **Coaches** |
|

## Player stats

### Batting

#### Starters by position

*Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Pos | Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C | Smoky Burgess | 110 | 371 | 110 | .296 | 6 | 56 |
| 1B | Eddie Waitkus | 146 | 499 | 144 | .289 | 2 | 49 |
| 2B | Connie Ryan | 154 | 577 | 139 | .241 | 12 | 49 |
| SS | Granny Hamner | 151 | 596 | 164 | .275 | 17 | 87 |
| 3B | Willie Jones | 147 | 541 | 135 | .250 | 18 | 72 |
| OF | Del Ennis | 151 | 592 | 171 | .289 | 20 | 107 |
| OF | Johnny Wyrostek | 98 | 321 | 88 | .274 | 1 | 37 |
| OF | Richie Ashburn | 154 | 613 | 173 | .282 | 1 | 42 |

#### Other batters

*Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Stan Lopata | 57 | 179 | 49 | .274 | 4 | 27 |
| Mel Clark | 47 | 155 | 52 | .335 | 1 | 15 |
| Jackie Mayo | 50 | 119 | 29 | .244 | 1 | 4 |
| Bill Nicholson | 55 | 88 | 24 | .273 | 6 | 19 |
| Putsy Caballero | 35 | 42 | 10 | .238 | 0 | 6 |
| Nippy Jones | 8 | 30 | 5 | .167 | 1 | 5 |
| Jack Lohrke | 25 | 29 | 6 | .207 | 0 | 1 |
| Tommy Brown | 18 | 25 | 4 | .160 | 1 | 2 |
| Dick Young | 5 | 9 | 2 | .222 | 0 | 0 |
| Del Wilber | 2 | 2 | 0 | .000 | 0 | 0 |

### Pitching

#### Starting pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Robin Roberts | 39 | 330.0 | 28 | 7 | 2.59 | 148 |
| Russ Meyer | 37 | 232.1 | 13 | 14 | 3.14 | 92 |
| Karl Drews | 33 | 228.2 | 14 | 15 | 2.72 | 96 |
| Curt Simmons | 28 | 201.1 | 14 | 8 | 2.82 | 141 |
| Howie Fox | 13 | 62.0 | 2 | 7 | 5.08 | 16 |

#### Other pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Steve Ridzik | 24 | 92.2 | 4 | 2 | 3.01 | 43 |
| Lou Possehl | 4 | 12.2 | 0 | 1 | 4.97 | 4 |
| Bob Miller | 3 | 9.0 | 0 | 1 | 6.00 | 2 |
| Paul Stuffel | 2 | 6.0 | 1 | 0 | 3.00 | 3 |
| Bubba Church | 2 | 5.0 | 0 | 0 | 10.80 | 3 |

#### Relief pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | W | L | SV | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Jim Konstanty | 42 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 3.94 | 16 |
| Andy Hansen | 43 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 3.26 | 18 |
| Ken Heintzelman | 23 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3.16 | 20 |
| Kent Peterson | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 7 |

## Awards and honors

### League leaders

## Farm system

| Level | Team | League | Manager |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| AAA | Baltimore Orioles | International League | Don Heffner |
|  | Schenectady Blue Jays | Eastern League | Dan Carnevale |
|  | Tri-City Braves | Western International League | Charlie Gassaway |
|  | Terre Haute Phillies | Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League | Skeeter Newsome |
|  | Wilmington Blue Rocks | Interstate League | Leon Riley |
|  | Grand Forks Chiefs | Northern League | Eddie Murphy |
|  | Salt Lake City Bees | Pioneer League | Hub Kittle |
|  | Granby Phillies | Provincial League | Al Barillari |
|  | Salina Blue Jays | Western Association | Floyd "Pat" Patterson |
|  | Pulaski Phillies | Appalachian League | Al Gardella |
|  | Miami Eagles | Kansas–Oklahoma–Missouri League | John Davenport |
|  | Bradford Phillies | PONY League | Dick Carter |

LEAGUE CHAMPIONS: Terre Haute, Miami

## InfoBox

| 1952 Philadelphia Phillies | |
| --- | --- |
| League | National League |
| Ballpark | Shibe Park |
| City | Philadelphia |
| Owners | R. R. M. Carpenter, Jr. |
| General managers | R. R. M. Carpenter, Jr. |
| Managers | Eddie Sawyer, Steve O'Neill |
| Television | WPTZ
WCAU
WFIL |
| Radio | WPEN
(Gene Kelly, Claude Haring) |
|  | |


title: Airport crash tender

abstract: An airport crash tender is a specialised fire engine designed for use in aircraft firefighting at aerodromes, airports, and military air bases.

text:
# Airport crash tender

An **airport crash tender** (known in some countries as an **airport fire appliance**) is a specialised fire engine designed for use in aircraft firefighting at aerodromes, airports, and military air bases.

## Description

Airport crash tenders offer relatively good acceleration for their size and weight, are able to negotiate rough terrain outside the airport area, carry large capacities of water and fire fighting foam, are fitted with powerful high-capacity pumps and water/foam cannons, and are capable of delivering firefighting media over long distances. They can be mounted on 4x4, 6x6, or even 8x8 wheeled chassis. In order to decrease their turning radius, all four of the 8x8 wheeled unit's front wheels may be steerable.

Newer airport crash tenders also incorporate twin-agent nozzles/injection systems to inject a stream of Purple-K dry chemical into the AFFF firefighting foam stream, helping to extinguish the fire faster. Some also have Halotron tanks with handlines for situations that require a clean agent to be utilized. These features allow airport crash tenders to reach an aircraft quickly, and rapidly put out large fires with jet fuel involved.

Some tenders have an elevated extended extinguishing arm capable of raising a water/foam cannon up to about 10–20 m (33–66 ft). Some can then puncture superficial structures of an aeroplane to fight a fire inside the fuselage. Such a reinforced nozzle (*snozzle*) is, according to the United States National Transportation Safety Board, a "piercing nozzle on the fire truck that is used to penetrate an airplane's fuselage and dispense AFFF to extinguish fire inside the cabin or cargo area."

## Standards

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has given standards and recommended practices on rescue fire fighting categories of civil aerodromes. National aviation authorities may have given even further requirements on aerodrome rescue and fire services.

The rescue fire services are based on a critical aircraft size based on a statistical analysis of movements (take-offs and landings) on the airport. The aerodrome category is based on the size of the largest aircraft which will operate at the aerodrome; however, if the frequency of movements of aircraft in the critical size category is below a certain threshold (specified in the standard), the aerodrome category can be reduced compared to what would otherwise have been required (for example, at an airport regularly handling Boeing 737 and Airbus A320 aircraft with a single Boeing 777 service per week, the airport fire service has to cater up to the ICAO category 7 of the 737 and A320, as a single 777 movement per week does not justify a full ICAO category 9 fire service). There are also minimum category levels based on e.g. the number of seats in the critical aircraft.

Depending on the airport category, the standards determine the minimum number of rescue fire-fighting vehicles. In addition, requirements are given on the water and foam capacities, discharge rates for foam solutions, and minimum dry chemical powder (complementary agent) amounts, reserve stocks of fire fighting agents, ability to operate on rough terrain, and acceleration of the air crash tenders. The end of each runway has to be reached in a response time of two minutes or less, and any part of the movement area has to be achieved in a response time not exceeding three minutes.

## Range of airport firefighting vehicles

Airport rescue and firefighting services operate many specialist vehicles to provide emergency cover at airports. They include:

1. *Crash tenders* (as described above)
2. *"Domestic" type fire appliances*. Domestic appliances are similar in function and appearance to fire appliances operated by local fire services. They are not as large or as heavy as airport crash tenders. The units are ordinarily used to respond to fire incidents in airport terminal buildings but also respond to aircraft incidents. The appliances carry breathing apparatus, rescue equipment, firefighting media, ladders, cutting equipment, etc.
3. "*First attack*" or "*rapid intervention vehicles*" (RIV). RIVs are normally smaller, nimble fire appliances capable of quick acceleration and high speed. They carry less equipment than domestic appliances and crash tenders but arrive first on scene at aircraft incidents to begin rescue and firefighting operations whilst heavier and larger units approach.
4. *General purpose vehicles* (such as a fire chief's car or general purpose or incident support vehicles).


title: Anna Henriette Levinsohn

abstract: Anna Henriette Levinsohn was a Danish operatic soprano/mezzo-soprano. Levinsohn was born in Copenhagen on 8 January 1839. She made her debut at the Kongelige Theater in Copenhagen on 20 December 1860, as Hannette in Den Lille Rodlnttte, with a sympathetic impersonation. She became "royal actress" in 1866, and was, on her retirement in 1879, appointed court singer. Her repertoire included: Rosina in Barberen, Susanna in Figaro's Bryllup, Papagena in Trylleflojten, Anna in Jaegerbruden, Benjamin in Joseph og Hans Brodre, Siebel in Faust, and Venus in Tannhauser. She died in Copenhagen 22 March 1899.

text:
# Anna Henriette Levinsohn

**Anna Henriette Levinsohn** (née Andersen; 8 January 1839 – 22 March 1899) was a Danish operatic soprano/mezzo-soprano.

Levinsohn was born in Copenhagen on 8 January 1839. She made her debut at the Kongelige Theater in Copenhagen on 20 December 1860, as Hannette in *Den Lille Rodlnttte*, with a sympathetic impersonation. She became "royal actress" in 1866, and was, on her retirement in 1879, appointed court singer (Kongelig Kammersangerinde).

Her repertoire included: Rosina in *Barberen*, Susanna in *Figaro's Bryllup*, Papagena in *Trylleflojten*, Anna in *Jaegerbruden*, Benjamin in *Joseph og Hans Brodre*, Siebel in *Faust*, and Venus in *Tannhauser*.

She died in Copenhagen 22 March 1899.

### Bibliography

* Salmonsen's Store Illustrerede Konversations-Lexicon.
* Singer, Isidore; Adler, Cyrus (1912). *The Jewish Encyclopedia: A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day*. Funk and Wagnalls.

### Attribution

* This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: I. Singer & C. Adler's *The Jewish Encyclopedia: A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day* (1912)


title: After (2009 film)

abstract: After is a 2009 Spanish drama film directed by Alberto Rodríguez which stars Guillermo Toledo, Tristán Ulloa and Blanca Romero.

text:
# After (2009 film)

***After*** is a 2009 Spanish drama film directed by Alberto Rodríguez which stars Guillermo Toledo, Tristán Ulloa and Blanca Romero.

## Plot

The plot tracks three friends (Julio, Manuel and Ana) nearing their forties with a sort of Peter Pan syndrome and lives full of full of dissatisfaction and loneliness. After they meet up, they embark on an attempt to enjoy the night full of sex, drugs and alcohol.

## Cast

## Production

The film is a Tesela PC and La Zanfoña Producciones production. Featuring a budget of around €2.5 million, filming began on 23 June 2008 and wrapped in September 2008. It was fully shot in Seville.

## Release

*After* screened at the 4th Rome Film Festival on 17 October 2009. Distributed by Alta Films, it was theatrically released in Spain on 23 October 2009.

## Reception

Javier Ocaña of *El País* wrote that Rodríguez's remarkable fourth feature film, consisting of "a journey into the depths of the night", and "led by three superb performances", is a collection of highly effective (even if sometimes overly marked) symbols.

Sergio F. Pinilla of *Cinemanía* scored 4 out of 5 stars, summing the film to be "a new generational portrait that revolves around the vertices of an isosceles triangle fumigated by sex, drugs and alcohol", knowing "how to transmit the uneasiness, sensuality and truth of a generation that is emotionally hopeless".

Robert Koehler of *Variety* assessed that the "aggressively vapid" film "is acid noir with a flashy surface", offering "little except examples of how not to live".

Manuel J. Lombardo of *Diario de Sevilla* wrote that Rodríguez's realistic style is blurred (Seville "never looked so ghostly"), while, vis-à-vis the performances, he pointed out that Guillermo Toledo's lysergic excesses are offset by Tristán Ulloa's neat academic restraint", while Blanca Romero comes out successful of her portrayal of chronic dissatisfaction.

## Accolades

| Year | Award | Category | Nominee(s) | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | 24th Goya Awards | Best Original Screenplay | Rafael Cobos, Alberto Rodríguez | Nominated |  |
| | | Best New Actress | Blanca Romero | Nominated | |
| | | Best Cinematography | Alex Catalán | Nominated | |

## InfoBox

| After | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Alberto Rodríguez |
| Screenplay by | Rafael Cobos |
| Story by | * Rafael Cobos * Alberto Rodríguez |
| Produced by | José Antonio Félez |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Alex Catalán |
| Edited by | José Manuel Moyano |
| Music by | Julio de la Rosa |
| Production<br>companies | * Tesela PC * La Zanfoña Producciones |
| Distributed by | Alta Classics |
| Release dates | * 17 October 2009 (2009-10-17) (Rome) * 23 October 2009 (2009-10-23) (Spain) |
| Country | Spain |
| Language | Spanish |


title: Eishi

abstract: Chōbunsai Eishi Chōbunsai Eishi was a Japanese ukiyo-e artist. His last name was Hosoda (細田). His first name was Tokitomi (時富). His common name was Taminosuke (民之丞) and later Yasaburo (弥三郎). Pupil of Kano Eisen'in Michinobu. Born as the first son of direct vassal of the Shogunate, a well-off samurai family that was part of the Fujiwara clan. Eishi was a vassal of the Shogunate with a generous stipend of 500 'koku' of rice. Eishi left his employ with the Shōgun Ieharu to pursue art. His early works were prints, mostly Bijin-ga portraits of tall, thin, graceful beauties in the original style established by himself akin to Kiyonaga and Utamaro. He established his own school and was a rival to Utamaro. He was a prolific painter, and from 1801 gave up print designing to devote himself to painting.

text:
# Eishi

**Chōbunsai Eishi** (鳥文斎 栄之, 1756–1829) was a Japanese ukiyo-e artist. His last name was Hosoda (細田). His first name was Tokitomi (時富). His common name was Taminosuke (民之丞) and later Yasaburo (弥三郎). Pupil of Kano Eisen'in Michinobu (狩野 栄川院 典信). Born as the first son of direct vassal of the Shogunate, a well-off samurai family that was part of the Fujiwara clan. Eishi was a vassal of the Shogunate with a generous stipend of 500 'koku' (90,000 litres) of rice. Eishi left his employ with the Shōgun Ieharu to pursue art. His early works were prints, mostly *Bijin-ga* portraits of tall, thin, graceful beauties in the original style established by himself akin to Kiyonaga and Utamaro. He established his own school and was a rival to Utamaro. He was a prolific painter, and from 1801 gave up print designing to devote himself to painting.

## Life and career

Eishi was born Hosoda **Toki**tomi (細田 ) in 1756 to a well-provided samurai family that was part of the prestigious Fujiwara clan. His grandfather Hosoda **Toki**toshi (細田 敏) had held an influential position in the shogunate as Treasury Minister. In 1772 he came to head his family when his father Hosoda **Toki**yuki (細田 ) died. From 1781 he held a position in the palace of the *shōgun*, Tokugawa Ieharu.

How Eishi took to art is unknown. He appears to have studied under Kanō Michinobu of the Kanō school of painting, from whom he likely was given the art name Eishi—though tradition holds he received the name from Shōgun Ieharu. About 1784 he left the official service of the Shōgun and began to train under Torii Bunryūsai, an ukiyo-e artist about whom almost nothing is known. Eishi's earliest known work dates to the following year. He remained unofficially in the Shōgun's service until 1789, and thereafter left his family in the hands of his adopted son **Toki**toyo (), thereby giving up his samurai rank; he reasoned that his ill health did not permit him to continue with such duties.

Eishi's earliest works were colour **nishiki-e** prints. The subjects are such literary fare as *The Tale of Genji* and are in subdued tones, as required by contemporary laws against ostentation. He went on to specialize in **bijin-ga** portraits of beautiful women, of which he produced a number of series. His most prominent rival at first was Kiyonaga; later his work competed against that of Utamaro. His manner of depicting women went through stages: the earliest were of courtesans much in the manner of Kiyonaga; then seated women performing daily activities such as reading or writing, set against bright backgrounds; later, slender women standing against minimal, subdued backgrounds. Eishi depicted gradually taller and more slender women until, in the latest prints, their heads were one-twelfth the height of the figures; more so even than Kiyonaga, whose reputation is for tall, slender beauties. Eishi made occasional illustrations for books of **shunga** erotica. He was a prolific painter of such standing that in 1800 a painting of his entered the collection of the cloistered Empress Go-Sakuramachi and he was granted the honorary title Jibukyō (治部卿). Eishi abandoned print designing for painting after 1801.

He died in the seventh month of 1829 and was buried at Rengeji Temple. His Buddhist posthumous name is Kōsetsuin Denkaishin Eishi Nichizui Koji (広説院殿皆信栄之日随居士). He also used the personal names Min'nojō (民之丞) and Yasaburō (弥三郎). Most of his students are little remembered; the best known are Eiri and Eishō.

## Collections

Modern Collections that feature Eishi's work:

1. Chobunsai Eishi | The Samurai Archives SamuraiWiki
2. Chobunsai Eishi (鳥文斎栄之) (Biographical details) | The British Museum
3. Marks 2012, p. 86.
4. Neuer, Libertson & Yoshida 1990, p. 217.
5. "print | British Museum". *The British Museum*. Retrieved 2021-01-08.
6. "Ono no Komachi". *Indianapolis Museum of Art Online Collection*. Retrieved 2021-01-08.
7. "Hosoda, Eishi, Japan, 1756-1829 | The Israel Museum, Jerusalem". *www.imj.org.il*. Retrieved 2021-01-08.
8. "Hosoda Eishi | LACMA Collections". *collections.lacma.org*. Retrieved 2021-01-08.
9. "Illustrated Ghost Stories, Hosoda Eishi; Publisher: Tsutaya Jūzaburō ^ Minneapolis Institute of Art". *collections.artsmia.org*. Retrieved 2021-01-08.
10. "Teahouse near Fields". *collections.mfa.org*. Retrieved 2021-01-08.
11. "Works – Hosoda Eishi – Artists/Makers – The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art". *art.nelson-atkins.org*. Retrieved 2021-01-08.
12. "A party of Shinagawa: Collection Database". *SUNTORY MUSEUM of ART*. Retrieved 2021-01-08.
13. "Beauty and treasures (Fukujin takara awase)Hosoda Eishi (1756-1829)Signature: Eishi zuPublisher: Nishimuraya Yohachi, EijudoCensor's seal: kiwameOban, woodblock colour printCa. 179539 x 26.2 cm - Collection". *Haifa Museums - Six Museums in One Frame*. Retrieved 2021-01-08.
14. "Exchange|Search: artist:"Hosoda Eishi"". *exchange.umma.umich.edu*. Retrieved 2021-01-08.
15. "Kiyomori's Daughter Painting a Self-Portrait to Send to Her Mother | Hosoda Eishi | V&A Search the Collections". *V and A Collections*. 2021-01-08. Retrieved 2021-01-08.
16. "Wright Collection - Weatherspoon Art Museum". Retrieved 2021-01-08.

### Works cited


title: Andre Lindal

abstract: Andre Lindal is a Norwegian songwriter, record producer and musician from Oslo, now based in Los Angeles. He has produced for many popular artists and groups, including Maroon 5, Britney Spears, Justin Bieber, Kelly Clarkson, Nelly Furtado and Chris Medina. After receiving a Grammy nomination for his work with Monica in 2011, he received a Grammy win when Kelly Clarkson's Stronger took home the Best Pop Vocal Album in 2013.

text:
# Andre Lindal

**Andre Lindal** (born February 19, 1977) is a Norwegian songwriter, record producer and musician from Oslo, now based in Los Angeles. He has produced for many popular artists and groups, including Maroon 5, Britney Spears, Justin Bieber, Kelly Clarkson, Nelly Furtado and Chris Medina. After receiving a Grammy nomination for his work with Monica in 2011, he received a Grammy win when Kelly Clarkson's *Stronger* took home the Best Pop Vocal Album in 2013.

## Biography

Lindal grew up in Hauketo, a small suburb of Oslo, and moved to the US to pursue a degree in Music Production & Engineering from Berklee College of Music in Boston, Massachusetts. After graduating Cum Laude in 2004, he moved to Los Angeles.

## Songwriting and production

In 2010, Lindal co-wrote and produced the Monica song "Believing in Me" with the producing team, Stargate. The song was included in the album Still Standing which earned Lindal his first Grammy nomination for Best R&B Album. In 2011, Andre was introduced to Rodney Jerkins and was immediately signed to his production team, Darkchild. Within a month, the duo wrote and produced the song "What Are Words" for American Idol Season 10 contestant Chris Medina that sat at the top of the Scandinavian music charts for over 19 weeks straight. They also wrote and produced the song "I Forgive You" for Kelly Clarkson's latest album, *Stronger*, that has been certified Platinum by the RIAA. In addition, Jerkins and Lindal have worked on music for television, teaming up with executive producer, Nick Cannon, on the soundtrack for the Nickelodeon movie, *Rags*. The soundtrack peaked at #1 on the iTunes soundtrack albums chart and #3 on the Top 100 albums on iTunes chart.

Justin Bieber single, "As Long As You Love Me", from *Believe* was written and produced by the duo; it was released on June 11, 2012, as a promotional single and later on July 10, 2012, as a radio single. The music video, featuring *Kill Bill* and *Reservoir Dogs* star Michael Madsen, was released on August 1, 2012, and has been on top of YouTube 100 since its debut.

The song "My Heart Is Open featuring Gwen Stefani" was written by Adam Levine, Benjamin Levin, Sia, Rodney Jerkins, and Lindal, with production from Benny Blanco, Darkchild, Lindal, and Levine.

Levine and Stefani performed the song at the 57th Grammy Awards on February 8, 2015. The song is also included on the set list for Maroon 5's 2015 world tour, Maroon 5 World Tour 2015.

### Discography

| Year | Song | Album | Artist | Chart position | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | *Billboard* 200 | UK Albums Chart | Billboard Pop Singles | Hot 100 | UK |
| 2008 | "Fall" | *Chasing Lights* | The Saturdays | - | 9 | - | - | - |
| 2010 | "Believing in Me" | *Still Standing* | Monica | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| 2011 | "What Are Words" | *What Are Words* | Chris Medina | - | - | - | 83 | - |
| | "I Forgive You" | *Stronger* | Kelly Clarkson | 2 | 5 | - | - | - |
| 2012 | "I've Got the Music in Me" | Kohl's commercial | Jennifer Lopez | - | - | - | - | - |
| | Rags Songs | *Rags* Movie Soundtrack | Rags Cast | - | - | - | - | - |
| | "As Long As You Love Me | *Believe* | Justin Bieber | 1 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 22 |
| | "She Don't Like the Lights” | *Believe* | Justin Bieber | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| | "Miracles" | *The Spirit Indestructible* | Nelly Furtado | 79 | 46 | - | - | - |
| 2013 | "As Long As You Love Me” | *Believe Acoustic* | Justin Bieber | 1 | 4 | - | - | - |
| | "She Don't Like the Lights” | *Believe Acoustic* | Justin Bieber | 1 | 4 | - | - | - |
| | "Tik Tik Boom" | *Britney Jean* | Britney Spears | 4 | 34 | - | - | - |
| 2014 | "My Heart Is Open" |  | Maroon 5 | 1 | 4 | - | - | - |

*
*
*
*

## InfoBox

| Andre Lindal | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Born | (1977-02-19) February 19, 1977 |
| Origin | Oslo, Norway |
| Genres | R&B, hip hop, pop |
| Occupation(s) | Musician, record producer, songwriter |
| Years active | 2000–present |
|  | |
| Website | www.lindalmusicinc.com |


title: 144th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps

abstract: The 144th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps was an armoured regiment of the British Army. Originally raised during World War II as a battalion of the East Lancashire Regiment it was later transferred to the Royal Armoured Corps. It fought in the campaign in North-West Europe, from June 1944 to May 1945.

text:
# 144th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps

The **144th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps** (144 RAC) was an armoured regiment of the British Army. Originally raised during World War II as a battalion of the East Lancashire Regiment it was later transferred to the Royal Armoured Corps. It fought in the campaign in North-West Europe, from June 1944 to May 1945.

## 8th Battalion, East Lancashire Regiment

The origin of 144th Regiment RAC was a company of men of the East Lancashire Regiment in a Mixed Holding Battalion formed at Huyton, near Liverpool, Lancashire early in World War II. The company formed the nucleus of the 50th (Holding) Battalion, East Lancashire Regiment, and after the Fall of France a draft of veterans from the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) was added and the battalion became the **8th Battalion, East Lancashire Regiment**.

On 26 July 1941, 8th East Lancashires joined 226th Independent Infantry Brigade (Home), a static defence brigade in Dorset County Division. The battalion left on 19 November (shortly afterwards, the brigade was converted into 34th Army Tank Brigade).

## 144th Regiment, Royal Armoured Corps

**144th Regiment RAC** was formed at Rufford Abbey on 22 November 1941 by the conversion of the 8th East Lancashire Regiment to the armoured role. The Commanding Officer (CO), Lieutenant Colonel S.T. James, remained in command. In common with other infantry battalions transferred to the Royal Armoured Corps, all personnel would have continued to wear their East Lancashire cap badge on the black beret of the RAC. 144th Regiment RAC was assigned to the 33rd Tank Brigade for training in the United Kingdom, and remained with this brigade for virtually its entire service.

The regiment trained in the infantry tank ('I' tank) role on Churchill tanks, and in the winter of 1942–43 was mobilised for the Allied invasion of Sicily. But the orders were changed, 144 RAC had to hand its Churchills over to a Canadian regiment, and was re-equipped instead with Sherman tanks. The following autumn it reverted to Churchills, then finally, in the winter of 1943–44, it was converted back to Shermans for the Normandy landings. The training was also broadened and 33rd Tank Brigade was redesignated 33rd Armoured Brigade. The plan was still for it to land in the infantry tank role, supporting 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division, but if one of the armoured divisions suffered heavy casualties, 33rd would be ready to switch roles and replace its armoured brigade. It was therefore equipped with a proportion of Sherman Firefly tanks armed with the 17-pounder, and the tank gunners practised with this weapon at Holkham Field Firing Range. Lieutenant Colonel A. Jolly, Royal Tank Regiment, (later General Sir Alan Jolly), took command on 10 April 1944.

## North-West Europe 1944–45

Elements of the 144th landed as early as 8 June 1944, they used Crusader Tanks with twin Oerlikons acting as infantry support for the 51st Highlanders. 144th Regiment RAC began to land in Normandy on 14 June 1944 and went into 'harbour' near Bayeux. 33rd Armoured Brigade had been delayed in landing, and its absence was sorely felt by the British Second Army during the tough fighting around Villers-Bocage (13–16 June).

As an independent brigade under GHQ, 33rd Armoured could be assigned to support any infantry division that required the assistance of tanks, it was usually split up, the regiments forming Brigade groups with the infantry, with squadrons assigned to support individual battalions. During June and July 1944 the brigade moved between 49th (West Riding) Division, British I Corps and First Canadian Army as required.

### Operation Pomegranate

Apart from reconnaissance on 8 July, in which the regiment captured some prisoners, 144 RAC's first action was during Operation Pomegranate, supporting the 59th (Staffordshire) Infantry Division in an attack on Noyers. This was a deliberate infantry assault preceded by an artillery barrage, with the tanks of 144 RAC in close support, assisted by flail tanks, Churchill AVREs with petard mortars, and Churchill Crocodile flamethrower tanks, all from 79th Armoured Division, which operated 21st Army Group's specialist armour.

The advance was badly hampered by minefields (both Allied and German), and 144 RAC had 20 tanks disabled, mostly by 'friendly' mines. This seriously reduced the force that could be used. The Official History records that 'Noyers was attacked again and again' for two days, but the garrison drawn from the 277th Infantry Division held out, except around the station and Point 126, which was taken at bayonet point by 'A' Company, 2/6th Battalion, South Staffordshire Regiment (part of 177th Brigade of 59th (Staffordshire) Division) following 'A' Squadron 144 RAC.

In three days' fighting, 144 RAC lost 13 officers and other ranks killed, 9 missing, and 61 wounded. In addition to the tanks disabled by mines, it had five tanks 'brewed up', one written off and 11 damaged or ditched, as well as a scout car and a half-track lost. Lt-Col Jolly wrote a detailed report after the battle to highlight the tactical lessons learned. He commented that 144 RAC's earlier 'I' tank training had proved useful, even though it was now equipped with Shermans. Jolly became regarded as a good tactician, and infantry commanders bowed to his tactical judgement when planning joint operations.

After Noyers, the regiment received a much-needed draft of replacements from 148 RAC, which was being disbanded.

### Operation Astonia

From 3 August until 14 September, 33rd Armoured Brigade was attached to 51st (Highland) Infantry Division. From 16 August 144 RAC regularly worked with 153rd (Highland) Brigade of 51st Highland. 'On arriving at Brigade Headquarters, Major Secretan found that he was to support the 1st Gordons, the beginning of a long association between B Squadron and that battalion ... this was really the beginning of our close connection with 153 Infantry Brigade, an association which was to continue for the remainder of the campaign. Each infantry battalion also grew accustomed to being supported by the same squadron and in this way very close ties of confidence and friendship were established between A Squadron and the 5th Black Watch, B squadron and the 1st Gordons, and between C Squadron and the 5/7th Gordons ... In order to make us feel part of the family, the 51st Highland Division asked us to wear the famous HD flash and issued every man in the brigade with one, a gesture which was very much appreciated'.

On 8 September 144 RAC supported 153 Brigade in the assault on the German-held French port of Le Havre (Operation Astonia). This involved clearing minefields and crossing an anti-tank ditch. For this operation, 144 RAC had under command the Sherman Crab flail tanks of C Squadron, 1st Lothians and Border Horse and tanks to lay scissors bridges. This operation was successful.

### New role

In January 1945, 144 RAC operated with 53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division in the British counter-attacks against the northern side of the 'Bulge' developed by the German Ardennes offensive. Then, on 18 January, 33rd Armd Brigade became part of 79th Armoured Division; from 30 January, 144 RAC re-equipped with Buffalo LVT amphibious vehicles to begin training for the assault crossing of the Rhine.

Major Martin Lindsay, second-in-command of 1st Battalion Gordon Highlanders, wrote: 'We had a party for Bob Secretan and his officers. It was a sad occasion for they \[144 RAC\] were giving up their Sherman tanks to be converted into an amphibious regiment. We had had this squadron supporting us on most of our operations since Normandy, and could not have wished for a better. They looked on themselves as being almost Gordon Highlanders'. (By contrast, 1st Gordons was supported in its next operation by a troop of Churchill tanks from 107 RAC, whose performance Lindsay described as 'The windiest and wettest imaginable').

## New identity

On 1 March 1945, 144 RAC was redesignated 4th Royal Tank Regiment to replace the original 4 RTR, which had been captured at Tobruk in the North African Campaign in 1942. It happened that the band of the East Lancashire Regiment was touring the NW Europe theatre, so they played the regimental march for the final parade of 144 RAC on 28 February, to mark the original link with the 8th Battalion, East Lancashire Regiment. The first parade of the new regiment the following day was inspected by Sir John Crocker, commander of I Corps and the most senior RTR officer in the theatre. The RTR band played the regimental march, *My Boy Willie* and each man wore a new black beret and RTR badge, specially sent from England by the Director, RAC. They also adopted the blue shoulder flash of 4 RTR.

Under its new title, the regiment took part in Operation Plunder, ferrying troops of 51st (Highland) Division across the River Rhine on the night of 23/24 March 1945. On landing, Lt-Col Jolly planted the World War I standard of the original 4th RTR (D Battalion Tank Corps) on the far bank.

4 RTR continued postwar as a regular regiment of the British Army.

## Commanding officers

* **Lieutenant-Colonel Stuart James**, DSO, (East Lancashire Regiment) *22 November 1941 – 9 April 1944*
* **Lieutenant-Colonel Alan Jolly**, DSO, (Royal Tank Regiment) *10 April 1944 – 28 February 1945*

## Footnotes

1. Jolly, p. 1.
2. Frederick, pp. 12, 187.
3. Joslen, pp. 207, 389.
4. 144 RAC War Diary November–December 1941, The National Archives, Kew, file WO 166/1433.
5. Jolly p. 2.
6. "British Army Officers 1939-1945 -- J". *www.unithistories.com*. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
7. Forty pp. 50–1.
8. Joslen pp. 183, 206.
9. Jolly pp. 2–4.
10. Joslen, p. 206.
11. Jolly p. 4.
12. 144 RAC War Diary April 1944, The National Archives, Kew, file WO 171/878.
13. *Army Lists* 1944–1969.
14. Ellis pp.255–64.
15. Joslen p 204.
16. 144 RAC War Diary July 1944, The National Archives, Kew, file WO 171/878.
17. Jolly, *The Battle of Noyers 16–18 July 1944*, Appendix to 144 RAC War Diary July 1944, The National Archives, Kew, file WO 171/878.
18. Jolly pp. 16–33.
19. Ellis, Vol I, p. 334.
20. Lindsay, p. 58.
21. Jolly p. 67.
22. 148 RAC War Diary August 1944, The National Archives file WO 171/880.
23. Joslen p. 183.
24. Lindsay *passim*.
25. Jolly pp. 66–67.
26. Jolly pp. 66–7.
27. Ellis Vol II, p. 14–15.
28. Lindsay, pp. 76–80.
29. 144 RAC War Diary September 1944, The National Archives, Kew, file WO 171/878.
30. 144 RAC War Diary January–February 1944, The National Archives, Kew, file WO 171/4720.
31. Ellis, Vol II p. 191.
32. Jolly p. 127.
33. Major R.D. Secretan, Lancashire Fusiliers, Officer Commanding 'B' Sqn 144 RAC (Field Return of Officers, 144 RAC War Diary January–February 1944, The National Archives, Kew, file WO 171/4720).
34. Lindsay pp 164–5.
35. Lindsay p 193.
36. Frederick, p. 15.
37. 4th Royal Tank Regiment: Service
38. "British Light Infantry Regiments & National Service".
39. "1943–1947".
40. Jolly p. 128.
41. Saunders p. 68.
42. Home Page
* Maj L. F. Ellis, *History of the Second World War: United Kingdom Military Series: Victory in the West*, Volume I: *The Battle of Normandy*, London: HMSO, 1962/Uckfield: Naval & Military, 2004, ISBN 1-84574-058-0.
* Maj L. F. Ellis, *History of the Second World War: United Kingdom Military Series: Victory in the West*, Volume II: *The Defeat of Germany*, London: HMSO, 1968/Uckfield: Naval & Military, 2004, ISBN 1-84574-059-9.
* George Forty, *British Army Handbook 1939–1945*, Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1998, ISBN 0-7509-1403-3.
* J.B.M. Frederick, *Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978*, Vol I, Wakefield: Microform Academic, 1984, ISBN 1-85117-007-3.
* Alan Jolly,  *Blue Flash: The Story of an Armoured Regiment*, London 1952.
* Joslen, H. F. (2003) \[1960\]. *Orders of Battle: Second World War, 1939–1945*. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval and Military Press. ISBN 978-1-84342-474-1.
* Lt-Col Martin Lindsay, *So Few Got Through*, London: Collins, 1946/Arrow Books (pbk; nd)/Leo Cooper, 2000, ISBN 0850527546. Page references are to Arrow edition.
* Tim Saunders, *Operation Plunder: The British and Canadian Rhine Crossing*, Barnsley: Pen & Sword, 2006, ISBN 1-84415-221-9.

## InfoBox

| 8th Battalion, East Lancashire Regiment
144th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps | |
| --- | --- |
| East Lancashire Regiment cap badge
worn by 144 RAC | |
| Active | 1940–1945 |
| Disbanded | 1 March 1945 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | British Army |
| Type | Infantry
Armoured |
| Size | Battalion
Regiment |
| Part of | Royal Armoured Corps |
| Commanders | |
| Notable
commanders | Alan Jolly |


title: Assevillers New British Cemetery

abstract: The Assevillers New British Cemetery is a cemetery located in the Somme region of France commemorating British and Commonwealth soldiers who fought in the Battle of the Somme in World War I. The cemetery contains soldiers who died on a variety of dates in several battles near the village of Assevillers.

text:
# Assevillers New British Cemetery

The **Assevillers New British Cemetery** is a cemetery located in the Somme region of France commemorating British and Commonwealth soldiers who fought in the Battle of the Somme in World War I. The cemetery contains soldiers who died on a variety of dates in several battles near the village of Assevillers.

## Location

The Assevillers New British Cemetery is located at the entrance of Assevillers, a village approximately 10 kilometers southwest of Peronne.

## Capture of Assevillers

Assevillers was taken by the French in late 1916. It was evacuated by the Fifth Army on 26 March 1918 during a German counterattack and retaken by the 5th Australian Division on 28 August of the same year.

## Establishment

### History

The Assevillers cemetery was created after the Armistice agreements of 1918. A special memorial records the names of 11 British soldiers whose graves were destroyed by artillery fire.

### Former burial sites moved to Assevillers

Former burial sites of soldiers now buried in Assevillers New British Cemetery include:

* **Barleux German Cemetery** was located about 365 metres northeast of the village of Barleux. Ten Australian soldiers were buried there in August and September 1918.
* **Bouchavesnes (Peronne Road) German Cemetery** was located between Marrieres Wood and Bouchavesnes. Seven South African and three British soldiers were buried there by the Germans in March 1918. The South African Brigade was annihilated at Marrieres Wood on 24 March 1918.
* **Estrees-Deniecourt German Cemetery** was located between the villages of Estrees and Fay. Two Australian soldiers were buried there by the Germans.
* **Foucaucourt French Military Cemetery** was located in the southwest corner of Assevillers, where four soldiers from the United Kingdom were buried in 1915 and 1917.
* **The Highway Cemetery, Cappy** was a French military cemetery midway between the villages of Cappy and Herbecourt, where six men of the R.H.A. and one Australian soldier were buried in August and September 1918.
* **Hyencourt-Le-Grand German Cemetery** was begun by the 61st Infantry Regiment on the Chaulnes-Marchelepot road. Two R.A.F. officers were buried there in May 1918.
* **Kiboko Wood Cemetery, Biaches** was located by a small copse between Biaches and Flaucourt. 30 British soldiers were buried there by the 40th Division in February and March 1917. All but one of the soldiers belonged to the Royal Warwicks. Twenty belonged to the 1st/6th Battalion.
* **Misery Chateau German Cemetery** contains 16 British soldiers buried by a German field hospital in March 1918.
* **P.C. Hedevaux French Military Cemetery**, located 548 metres South of Belloy-en-Santerre, contains ten British soldiers who were buried in February and March 1917. (P.C. means Poste de Commandement.)
* **Plantation Cemetery** was a French military cemetery in the large orchard 914 metres east of Cappy. One British soldier was buried there in February 1917 and four Australians were buried there in August and September 1918.
* **Vauvillers Communal Cemetery** contained four British soldiers who were buried in March 1918.
* **Vermandovillers French Military Cemetery**, located in the west side of Assevillers, contained two British soldiers buried in March 1917.

### Statistics

The cemetery covers an area of 2655 square meters and is surrounded by a stone rubble wall.

Graves by Nationality
| Nationality | Number of Graves |
| --- | --- |
| British | 684 |
| Australian | 111 |
| South African | 16 |
| Canadian | 3 |
| French | 1 |
| Total | 815 |

## InfoBox

| Assevillers New British Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery | |
| --- | --- |
| Arch at Assevillers New British Cemetery | |
|  | |
| Details | |
| Established | 1918 |
| Location | Somme, France |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Coordinates | 49°53′48″N 2°50′33″E / 49.89675°N 2.84261°E / 49.89675; 2.84261 |
| Type | Military |
| Owned by | Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) |
| Size | 2,655 sq meters |
| No. of graves | 815 total, 320+ unidentified |
| Website | Official website |
| Footnotes | Designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens & William Harrison Cowlishaw |


title: Assfort

abstract: Assfort is a Japanese hardcore punk band from Tokyo. Their musical style is fast and loud with angry, fast, undecipherable vocals. Their style follows in the vein of old school 1980's japanese hardcore punk music, such as The Stalin and Gauze.

text:
# Assfort

**Assfort** is a Japanese hardcore punk band from Tokyo. Their musical style is fast and loud with angry, fast, undecipherable vocals.

Their style follows in the vein of old school 1980's japanese hardcore punk music, such as The Stalin and Gauze.

## Members

Yoshio - vocals
Hiya - guitar
Shimomura - bass
Kiku - drums / No Think, CHARM, Conquest For Death, Sow Threat, R.A.G.S on Bass

## Discography


title: Ashley Davenport

abstract: Ashley Davenport was an American farmer, merchant, county judge, high sheriff, and politician from New York.

text:
# Ashley Davenport

**Ashley Davenport** (February 12, 1794 – February 10, 1874) was an American farmer, merchant, county judge, high sheriff, and politician from New York.

## Life

Davenport was born in Copenhagen, New York. He was a member of the New York State Senate (21st D.) in 1852 and 1853. Davenport also held the positions of county judge and high sheriff for Lewis County, New York.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Ashley Davenport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the New York Senate
from the 21st district | |
| **In office**
1852–1853 | |
| Preceded by | Caleb Lyon |
| Succeeded by | Robert Lansing |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1794-02-12)February 12, 1794
Copenhagen, New York |
| Died | February 10, 1874(1874-02-10) (aged 79)
Copenhagen, New York |
| Political party | Democratic |
|  | |


title: Epi-convergence

abstract: In mathematical analysis, epi-convergence is a type of convergence for real-valued and extended real-valued functions. Epi-convergence is important because it is the appropriate notion of convergence with which to approximate minimization problems in the field of mathematical optimization. The symmetric notion of hypo-convergence is appropriate for maximization problems. Mosco convergence is a generalization of epi-convergence to infinite dimensional spaces.

text:
# Epi-convergence

In mathematical analysis, **epi-convergence** is a type of convergence for real-valued and extended real-valued functions.

Epi-convergence is important because it is the appropriate notion of convergence with which to approximate minimization problems in the field of mathematical optimization. The symmetric notion of hypo-convergence is appropriate for maximization problems. Mosco convergence is a generalization of epi-convergence to infinite dimensional spaces.

## Definition

Let $X$ be a metric space, and $f\_{n}:X\to \mathbb {R} $ a real-valued function for each natural number $n$. We say that the sequence $(f^{n})$ **epi-converges** to a function $f:X\to \mathbb {R} $ if for each $x\in X$

$$\begin{aligned}&\liminf \_{n\to \infty }f\_{n}(x\_{n})\geq f(x){\text{ for every }x\_{n}\to x{\text{ and }\\\&\limsup \_{n\to \infty }f\_{n}(x\_{n})\leq f(x){\text{ for some }x\_{n}\to x.\end{aligned}}}}$$

### Extended real-valued extension

The following extension allows epi-convergence to be applied to a sequence of functions with non-constant domain.

Denote by $\overline {\mathbb {R} }=\mathbb {R} \cup \\{\pm \infty \\}$ the extended real numbers. Let $f\_{n}$ be a function $f\_{n}:X\to {\overline {\mathbb {R} }}$ for each $n\in \mathbb {N} $. The sequence $(f\_{n})$ epi-converges to $f:X\to {\overline {\mathbb {R} }}$ if for each $x\in X$

$$\begin{aligned}&\liminf \_{n\to \infty }f\_{n}(x\_{n})\geq f(x){\text{ for every }x\_{n}\to x{\text{ and }\\\&\limsup \_{n\to \infty }f\_{n}(x\_{n})\leq f(x){\text{ for some }x\_{n}\to x.\end{aligned}}}}$$

In fact, epi-convergence coincides with the $\Gamma $-convergence in first countable spaces.

### Hypo-convergence

Epi-convergence is the appropriate topology with which to approximate minimization problems. For maximization problems one uses the symmetric notion of **hypo-convergence**. $(f\_{n})$ hypo-converges to $f$ if

$$\limsup \_{n\to \infty }f\_{n}(x\_{n})\leq f(x){\text{ for every }x\_{n}\to x}$$

and

$$\liminf \_{n\to \infty }f\_{n}(x\_{n})\geq f(x){\text{ for some }x\_{n}\to x.}$$

## Relationship to minimization problems

Assume we have a difficult minimization problem

$$\inf \_{x\in C}g(x)$$

where $g:X\to \mathbb {R} $ and $C\subseteq X$. We can attempt to approximate this problem by a sequence of easier problems

$$\inf \_{n}g\_{n}(x)$$

for functions $g\_{n}$ and sets $C\_{n}$.

Epi-convergence provides an answer to the question: In what sense should the approximations converge to the original problem in order to guarantee that approximate solutions converge to a solution of the original?

We can embed these optimization problems into the epi-convergence framework by defining extended real-valued functions

$$\begin{aligned}f(x)&={\begin{cases}g(x),&x\in C,\\\infty ,&x\not \in C,\end{cases}\\\\[4pt\]f\_{n}(x)&={\begin{cases}g\_{n}(x),&x\in C\_{n},\\\infty ,&x\not \in C\_{n}.\end{cases}\end{aligned}}}$$

So that the problems $\inf \_{x\in X}f(x)$ and $\inf \_{x\in X}f\_{n}(x)$ are equivalent to the original and approximate problems, respectively.

If $(f\_{n})$ epi-converges to $f$, then $\limsup \_{n\to \infty }\[\inf f\_{n}\]\leq \inf f$. Furthermore, if $x$ is a limit point of minimizers of $f\_{n}$, then $x$ is a minimizer of $f$. In this sense,

$$\lim \_{n\to \infty }\operatorname {argmin} f\_{n}\subseteq \operatorname {argmin} f.$$

Epi-convergence is the weakest notion of convergence for which this result holds.

## Properties

* $(f\_{n})$ epi-converges to $f$ if and only if $(-f\_{n})$ hypo-converges to $-f$.
* $(f\_{n})$ epi-converges to $f$ if and only if $(\operatorname {epi} f\_{n})$ converges to $\operatorname {epi} f$ as sets, in the Painlevé–Kuratowski sense of set convergence. Here, $\operatorname {epi} f$ is the epigraph of the function $f$.
* If $f\_{n}$ epi-converges to $f$, then $f$ is lower semi-continuous.
* If $f\_{n}$ is convex for each $n\in \mathbb {N} $ and $(f\_{n})$ epi-converges to $f$, then $f$ is convex.
* If $f\_{n}^{1}\leq f\_{n}\leq f\_{n}^{2}$ and both $(f\_{n}^{1})$ and $(f\_{n}^{2})$ epi-converge to $f$, then $(f\_{n})$ epi-converges to $f$.
* If $(f\_{n})$ converges uniformly to $f$ on each compact set of $\mathbb {R} \_{n}$ and $(f\_{n})$ are continuous, then $(f\_{n})$ epi-converges and hypo-converges to $f$.
* In general, epi-convergence neither implies nor is implied by pointwise convergence. Additional assumptions can be placed on an pointwise convergent family of functions to guarantee epi-convergence.

* Rockafellar, R. Tyrrell; Wets, Roger (2009). "Epigraphical Limits". *Variational Analysis*. Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften. Vol. 317. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 238–297. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02431-3\_7. ISBN 978-3-540-62772-2.
* Kall, Peter (1986). "Approximation to optimization problems: an elementary review". *Mathematics of Operations Research*. **11** (1): 9–18. doi:10.1287/moor.11.1.9.
* Attouch, Hedy; Wets, Roger (1989). "Epigraphical analysis". *Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré C*. **6**: 73–100. Bibcode:1989AIHPC...6...73A. doi:10.1016/S0294-1449(17)30036-7.


title: 1947 Victorian local elections

abstract: The 1947 Victorian local elections were held on 30 August 1947 to elect the councils of the local government areas in Victoria, Australia. Until the 1994 reforms introduced by the Kennett state government, all local elections were staggered, with not all councillors up for election each year.

text:
# 1947 Victorian local elections

The **1947 Victorian local elections** were held on 30 August 1947 to elect the councils of the local government areas in Victoria, Australia.

Until the 1994 reforms introduced by the Kennett state government, all local elections were staggered, with not all councillors up for election each year.

## InfoBox

1947 Victorian local elections
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Asprokremmos Dam

abstract: Asprokremmos dam is the second largest dam in Cyprus. It is built at an altitude of about 100 m above sea level and is located 16 km, east of the city of Pafos. Due to poor rainfall it is a rare event that the dam overflows. On 27 January 2012 the dam did overflow, for the first time since 2004. It subsequently overflowed again in March 2019 and again in January 2020. It is considered an important wetland for endemic and migratory birds

text:
# Asprokremmos Dam

| Asprokremmos dam bridge | |
| --- | --- |
| Coordinates | 34°44′08″N 32°33′33″E / 34.735475°N 32.559144°E / 34.735475; 32.559144 |
| Characteristics | |
| Width | 16 m |
| Location | |
|  | |

**Asprokremmos dam** is the second largest dam in Cyprus. It is built at an altitude of about 100 m above sea level and is located 16 km, (10 miles) east of the city of Pafos.

Due to poor rainfall it is a rare event that the dam overflows. On 27 January 2012 the dam did overflow, for the first time since 2004.

It subsequently overflowed again in March 2019 and again in January 2020.

It is considered an important wetland for endemic and migratory birds

## InfoBox

| Asprokremmos dam | |
| --- | --- |
| Dam's spillway | |
| Official name | Asprokremmos dam |
| Location | Paphos District, Cyprus |
| Coordinates | 34°43′N 32°33′E / 34.72°N 32.55°E / 34.72; 32.55 |
| Construction began | May 1978 |
| Opening date | December 1982 |
| Operator(s) | Cyprus Water Board |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Impounds | Xeros river |
| Height | 53 m |
| Length | 700 m |
| Width (base) | 220 m |
| Reservoir | |
| Total capacity | 52,375,000 m3 |
| Catchment area | 227 km2 |
| Surface area | 2590 km2 |
| Current storage level | |


title: Aspromonte National Park

abstract: Aspromonte National Park is situated in the southern section of the Apennines, in Calabria, Italy. The park lies near the sea and includes mountain summits with altitudes close to 2000 meters. The park's territory, crossed by several watercourses, is populated by important species such as Italian wolf, peregrine falcon, Eurasian eagle-owl and northern goshawk. Most of the territory is dominated by forests of beech, silver fir, black pine, holm oak, sweet chestnut and Mediterranean maquis shrubland. A couple of rare species live here: Bonelli's eagle and a tropical fern, Woodwardia radicans. Surrounded by the Mediterranean, the park is also rich in historical, artistic and archaeological value.

text:
# Aspromonte National Park

**Aspromonte National Park** is situated in the southern section of the Apennines, in Calabria, Italy.

The park lies near the sea and includes mountain summits with altitudes close to 2000 meters (Montalto is 1,955 m).

The park's territory, crossed by several watercourses, is populated by important species such as Italian wolf, peregrine falcon, Eurasian eagle-owl and northern goshawk. Most of the territory is dominated by forests of beech, silver fir, black pine, holm oak, sweet chestnut and Mediterranean maquis shrubland. A couple of rare species live here: Bonelli's eagle and a tropical fern, Woodwardia radicans.

Surrounded by the Mediterranean, the park is also rich in historical, artistic and archaeological value.

* *Yearbook of the Italian Parks 2005*, edited by Comunicazione in association with Federparchi and the Italian State Tourism Board ISBN 88-7585-011-9

38°10′N 15°59′E / 38.17°N 15.99°E / 38.17; 15.99

## InfoBox

| Parco Nazionale dell'Aspromonte | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category II (national park) | |
| Pentedattilo, a village of Aspromonte | |
| Location of Aspromonte in Reggio Calabria | |
| Location | Calabria |
| Nearest city | Reggio di Calabria |
| Area | 641.53 km2 (247.70 sq mi) |
| Established | 1989 |
| Governing body | Ministero dell'Ambiente |
| www.parks.it/parco.nazionale.aspromonte/Eindex.html | |


title: Aspergillus arenarioides

abstract: Aspergillus arenarioides is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Petersonii section. The species was first described in 2014.

text:
# Aspergillus arenarioides

***Aspergillus arenarioides*** is a species of fungus in the genus *Aspergillus*. It is from the *Petersonii* section. The species was first described in 2014.

## Growth and morphology

*A. arenarioides* has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA) plates and Malt Extract Agar Oxoid® (MEAOX) plates. The growth morphology of the colonies can be seen in the pictures below.

1. Visagie, C.M.; Hirooka, Y.; Tanney, T.; Whitfield, E.; Mwange, K.; Meijer, M.; Amend, A.S.; Seifert, K.A.; Samson, R.A. 2014. Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces isolated from house dust samples collected around the world. Studies in Mycology. 78:63-139
2. Jurjević, Željko; Kubátová, Alena; Kolarik, Miroslav; Hubka, Vit (2015). "Taxonomy of Aspergillus section Petersonii sect. nov. encompassing indoor and soil-borne species with predominant tropical distribution". *Plant Syst Evol*. **301** (10): 2441–2462. doi:10.1007/s00606-015-1248-4. S2CID 254063670.

## InfoBox

| *Aspergillus arenarioides* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Eurotiomycetes |
| Order: | Eurotiales |
| Family: | Aspergillaceae |
| Genus: | *Aspergillus* |
| Species: | ***A. arenarioides*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aspergillus arenarioides***<br>Visagie, Hirooka & Samson (2014) | |
|


title: Aspergillus appendiculatus

abstract: Aspergillus appendiculatus is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Aspergillus section. The species was first described in 1975. It has been reported to produce asperflavin, auroglaucin, bisanthrons, dihydroauroglaucin, echinulins, emodin, erythroglaucin, flavoglaucin, isoechinulins, neoechinulins, physcion, questin, questinol, tetracyclic, and tetrahydroauroglaucin.

text:
# Aspergillus appendiculatus

***Aspergillus appendiculatus*** (also called *A. testaceocolorans*) is a species of fungus in the genus *Aspergillus*. It is from the *Aspergillus* section. The species was first described in 1975. It has been reported to produce asperflavin, auroglaucin, bisanthrons, dihydroauroglaucin, echinulins, emodin, erythroglaucin, flavoglaucin, isoechinulins, neoechinulins, physcion, questin, questinol, tetracyclic, and tetrahydroauroglaucin.

## Growth and morphology

*A. appendiculatus* has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA) plates and Malt Extract Agar Oxoid® (MEAOX) plates. The growth morphology of the colonies can be seen in the pictures below.

## InfoBox

| *Aspergillus appendiculatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Eurotiomycetes |
| Order: | Eurotiales |
| Family: | Aspergillaceae |
| Genus: | *Aspergillus* |
| Species: | ***A. appendiculatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aspergillus appendiculatus***
Blaser (1975) | |
|
| Type strain | |
| ATCC 16444, CBS 374.75, CBS 523.65, ETH 8286, IMI 278374, IMI 89278, ZT 8286 | |
| Synonyms | |
| Eurotium appendiculatum,
Eurotium aridicola | |


abstract: The Association for the Study of American Indian Literatures (ASAIL) is a professional academic organization. It was founded in 1971 to promote the study, criticism, and research of American Indian literary traditions, both written and oral. Its journal, Studies in American Indian Literatures, has been the primary journal for the study of North American indigenous literature for over thirty years.

text:
# Association for the Study of American Indian Literatures

The **Association for the Study of American Indian Literatures** (**ASAIL**) is a professional academic organization. It was founded in 1971 to promote the study, criticism, and research of American Indian literary traditions, both written and oral. Its journal, *Studies in American Indian Literatures*, has been the primary journal for the study of North American indigenous literature for over thirty years.

## Conferences

ASAIL is affiliated with the Modern Language Association (MLA). ASAIL sponsors panels at several conferences:

## Publications

ASAIL publishes the quarterly journal *Studies in American Indian Literatures*. It has been the primary journal for the study of North American indigenous literature for over thirty years.

## InfoBox

Association for the Study of American Indian Literatures
|
|  |
| Founded | 1971 |
| Type | Academic |
| Focus | Native American studies |
| Area served | United States and Canada |
| Product | *Studies in American Indian Literatures* |
| Key people | Molly McGlennen (President) |
| Website | asail.org |


title: 1944 Jamaica hurricane

abstract: The 1944 Jamaica hurricane was a deadly major hurricane that swept across the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico in August 1944. Conservative estimates placed the storm's death toll at 116. The storm was already well-developed when it was first noted passing westward over the Windward Islands into the Caribbean Sea on August 16. A ship near Grenada with 74 occupants was lost, constituting a majority of the deaths associated with the storm. The following day, the storm intensified into a hurricane, reaching its peak strength on August 20 with maximum sustained winds of 120 mph (195 km/h). At this intensity, the major hurricane made landfall on Jamaica later that day, traversing the length of the island. The damage wrought was extensive, with the strong winds destroying 90 percent of banana trees and 41 percent of coconut trees in Jamaica; the overall damage toll was estimated at "several millions of dollars". The northern coast of Jamaica saw the most severe damage, with widespread structural damage and numerous homes destroyed across several parishes. In Port Maria, the storm was considered the worst since 1903. Land interaction weakened the hurricane, and the storm maintained this lessened intensity as it passed the Cayman Islands, producing measured gusts of 80–90 mph (130–140 km/h). On August 22, the hurricane moved ashore the Yucatán Peninsula near Cozumel and eventually emerged into the Bay of Campeche as a tropical storm. On August 24, the storm made landfall for a final time near Tampico, Mexico, bringing with it heavy rains that caused flooding throughout the coasts of Veracruz and Texas, killing 12. The storm dissipated over the mountainous terrain of inland Mexico later that day. Heavy rains were reported across the Rio Grande Valley, causing minor flooding. A tornado produced by the storms killed one person in McCook, Texas and injured fifteen others.

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# 1944 Jamaica hurricane

The **1944 Jamaica hurricane** was a deadly major hurricane that swept across the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico in August 1944. Conservative estimates placed the storm's death toll at 116. The storm was already well-developed when it was first noted passing westward over the Windward Islands into the Caribbean Sea on August 16. A ship near Grenada with 74 occupants was lost, constituting a majority of the deaths associated with the storm. The following day, the storm intensified into a hurricane, reaching its peak strength on August 20 with maximum sustained winds of 120 mph (195 km/h). At this intensity, the major hurricane made landfall on Jamaica later that day, traversing the length of the island. The damage wrought was extensive, with the strong winds destroying 90 percent of banana trees and 41 percent of coconut trees in Jamaica; the overall damage toll was estimated at "several millions of dollars". The northern coast of Jamaica saw the most severe damage, with widespread structural damage and numerous homes destroyed across several parishes. In Port Maria, the storm was considered the worst since 1903.

Land interaction weakened the hurricane, and the storm maintained this lessened intensity as it passed the Cayman Islands, producing measured gusts of 80–90 mph (130–140 km/h). On August 22, the hurricane moved ashore the Yucatán Peninsula near Cozumel and eventually emerged into the Bay of Campeche as a tropical storm. On August 24, the storm made landfall for a final time near Tampico, Mexico, bringing with it heavy rains that caused flooding throughout the coasts of Veracruz and Texas, killing 12. The storm dissipated over the mountainous terrain of inland Mexico later that day. Heavy rains were reported across the Rio Grande Valley, causing minor flooding. A tornado produced by the storms killed one person in McCook, Texas and injured fifteen others.

## Meteorological history

On August 16, 1944, decreased pressures just east of Barbados were indicative of a passing tropical storm. The storm's first entry in the official Atlantic hurricane database lists the system as already possessing winds of 50 mph (80 km/h); the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project noted that the possibility that the tropical cyclone forming east of the Lesser Antilles remains ambiguous due to a lack of observations over the open Atlantic. Not long after its first detection, the tropical storm intensified into a hurricane on August 17 as it crossed into the Caribbean Sea near Grenada. Gradual intensification took hold as the storm progressed west-northwestwards across the Caribbean. A ship en route to Buenos Aires, Argentina crossed the eye of the hurricane 180 mi (290 km) south of Puerto Rico the following day, recording a central pressure of 973 mbar (hPa; 28.73 inHg); this was the lowest pressure measured in connection with the storm. On the following day, the small tropical cyclone strengthened into the equivalent of a Category 3 hurricane on the modern Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale, making the storm a major hurricane.

At around 16:00 UTC on August 20, the hurricane made landfall in the vicinity of Boston Bay along the coast of Jamaica with winds of 120 mph (195 km/h). At landfall, the hurricane's eye spanned 5 mi (8.0 km) across, resulting in a 15–20 minute lull in winds over eastern portions of Jamaica as the eye passed overhead. The storm traversed the island over several hours, emerging near Montego Bay by 23:00 UTC that day as a weakened system equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane. The storm largely maintained its strength in the western Caribbean Sea, passing near Grand Cayman on August 21 with the same intensity with which it departed from Jamaica. The following morning, the hurricane struck the Yucatán Peninsula near Cozumel Island and degenerated into a tropical storm over the peninsula. Despite reemerging over the Bay of Campeche, weakening continued; the system ultimately moved ashore near Tuxpan, Mexico as a minimal tropical storm early on August 24 before dissipating inland later that day.

## Preparations, impact, and aftermath

### Jamaica

On August 19, the United States Weather Bureau issued a hurricane alert for Jamaica and advised precaution to points in the Caribbean west and northwest of the island. Waves began buffeting the Jamaican coast in advance of the storm: a "very heavy" swell was noted along Palisadoes with the center still 70 mi (110 km) away. Early reports, although scant, suggested that the hurricane was one of the most significant in Jamaica's history, with no comparable storm in the preceding two decades. The most powerful effects were felt in the Blue Mountains, resulting in a swath of devastation on the northern shore of Jamaica. The island sustained heavy losses to its banana and coconut crop, with an estimated damage toll of several millions of dollars. An estimated 90 percent of banana trees and 41 percent of coconut trees were lost. These crops were primarily located in the parishes of Clarendon, Portland, Saint Thomas, Saint Catherine, and Trelawny, as well as in the Montego Bay valley. Within the core coconut-producing region between Saint Thomas and Saint Ann, 30 percent of coconuts were either blown down or destroyed. Entire coconut plantations were denuded by the strong winds. Heavy rains caused the reservoir at Hermitage Dam to overflow—the reservoir's water level was initially 53 ft (16 m) below the spillway. The 10.88 in (276 mm) of rainfall measured in the dam's watershed was a record for the area.

In total, over 30 fatalities occurred in Jamaica, primarily as a result of the hurricane's strong winds. The severest damage was inflicted upon Portland, Saint Ann, and Saint Mary parishes. Five people were killed and many others reportedly injured in Saint Mary Parish. Numerous homes were destroyed in the parish, leaving hundreds of people displaced. In the parish's capital town of Port Maria, nearly all buildings sustained damage and hundreds of people including infants and schoolchildren required immediate assistance; a hospital was destroyed in nearby Annotto Bay, injuring 40 people. *The Daily Gleaner* called the hurricane Port Maria's worst storm since 1903, as an estimated 75 percent of buildings in the town were at least heavily damaged. The parish's church sustained significant damage, with both of its transepts unroofed and clergy house destroyed. The overturning of two 14.5 long tons (14.7 t) railway cars in Annotto Bay suggested that winds reached 100–120 mph (160–190 km/h) there. A copra factory in the adjacent communities of Frontier and Wentworth was also badly damaged.

At least six people were killed in Saint Ann Parish. Most homes located on the parish waterfront were destroyed. In Saint Ann's Bay, the court house and parish church all sustained heavy damage. Sugar stores and factories in the town were damaged. Port Antonio in Portland Parish was heavily damaged by the hurricane—nearly all buildings were damaged, with most flattened and others unroofed. Several public buildings, including the city's town hall and court house, were either damaged or destroyed. A five-ward poorhouse was destroyed and several schools lost their roofs. Two people were killed in the port by flying debris. All telecommunication lines were downed in Port Antonio and electricity and transportation service was hampered. Virtually all homes in Buff Bay were damaged, and three churches were destroyed. Ninety-five percent of coconut trees in the settlement were blown down, as well as local banana and breadfruit plantations. Many other communities in Portland Parish suffered similar effects, reporting the destruction of most of their buildings; thousands were left homeless. The Member of Parliament for the parish, H. E. Allen, conservatively estimated the number of homeless persons at 6,000, along with the complete loss of the banana industry and significant loss to coconut trees. Three people were killed and several others injured in Skibo, with considerable losses to livestock reported throughout the parish. At Famouth in Trelawny Parish, the Rose Hall Sugar Factory lost its chimney, and a police station 2 mi (3.2 km) away was destroyed; 500–600 people were rendered homeless in the parish. Other communities in Trelawny reported numerous destroyed homes and an 80–100 percent loss of bananas. Small houses were destroyed and a girls' school severely damaged in Montego Bay in Saint James Parish by 60 mph (97 km/h) winds, with the storm's severest effects lasting for roughly two hours. One indirect death was reported in the city.

Winds in the capital city of Kingston topped out at 60 mph (97 km/h). Damage to buildings in the capital city was relatively minor, though transportation and electrical service was disrupted. Fallen trees and fencing tore wires and laid across tramways and streets. Flooding rivers exacerbated the traffic disruptions, submerging or destroying bridges across several parishes. Communications between Kingston and the rest of Jamaica were also severed. Elsewhere in Saint Andrew Parish, widespread crop and infrastructure damage occurred in Swains Spring, Coopers Hill, and Padmore. At Spanish Town in Saint Catherine Parish, trees were uprooted and communications lost between the town and Kingston. While businesses there otherwise avoided significant impacts, their roofs were damaged. Most homes and plantations were destroyed in districts in western Saint Andrew Parish, displacing hundreds of people.

Following the storm, *The Daily Gleaner* initiated a relief fund to aid in the storm's aftermath; the fund was later managed by the Central Council of Voluntary Social Services. On August 22, Governor of Jamaica Sir John Huggins compelled a conference at Hibbert House with all heads of the colony's ministries, establishing a Central Relief Committee to coordinate with local relief operations and serve as the government's principal communications channel vis-à-vis hurricane relief.

### Elsewhere

Across the Caribbean outside of Jamaica, the hurricane's effects were scattered. A British vessel near Grenada with 74 people on board was lost. Gusts of 80–90 mph (130–140 km/h) swept over the Cayman Islands. One station documented a gust of 90 mph (140 km/h) early on August 21. A ship was lost off the Yucatán Peninsula, though information on its crew and effects was unknown. Twelve people were killed in Veracruz as a result of flooding from the hurricane's third and final landfall near Tuxpan. Others–their numbers unknown–were missing following a surge of meltwater from Pico de Orizaba triggered by the tropical storm. Communication lines were downed in Tampico, delaying early damage reports.

The U.S. Weather Bureau issued a storm warning for the lower Texas coast from Matagorda Bay to Brownsville, anticipating that the hurricane would eventually make landfall in the Brownsville area. Aircraft stationed at coastal airfields were moved farther inland, and small craft northwards to the Louisiana coast were brought to port. The passing storm brought heavy rains to the Rio Grande Valley, with rainfall totals reaching over 5 in (130 mm) in Brownsville. Roma reported 5.1 in (130 mm) on the night of August 22, marking the first rainfall event of that magnitude in nearly a decade. A slightly rain-swollen Rio Grande resulted in minor flooding downstream, disrupting transportation between the United States–Mexico border southward to Monterrey, Mexico. Projections suggested that a few hundred acres of crops in the immediate floodplain would be inundated, with marginal effects elsewhere. Five oil wells in Wilacy County were suspended after the flooding cut off their water supplies. A tornado struck McCook, killing one person and injuring fifteen others; fourteen of the injured were located in a single home. Crop damage was also reported in connection with the tornado.

Sources  * Sumner, H. C. (December 1944). "North Atlantic Hurricanes and Tropical Disturbances of 1944" (PDF). *Monthly Weather Review*. **72** (12). Washington, D.C.: American Meteorological Society: 237–240. Bibcode:1944MWRv...72..237S. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1944)072\<0237:NAHATD\>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved July 1, 2019.

Citations

## InfoBox

1944 Jamaica hurricane
| Surface weather analysis conducted by the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project of the storm near peak intensity approaching Jamaica on August 20 | |
| --- | --- |
| Meteorological history | |
| Formed | August 16, 1944 (August 16, 1944) |
| Dissipated | August 24, 1944 (August 24, 1944) |
| Category 3 major hurricane | |
| *1-minute sustained* (SSHWS/NWS) | |
| Highest winds | 120 mph (195 km/h) |
| Lowest pressure | ≤973 mbar (hPa); ≤28.73 inHg |
| Overall effects | |
| Fatalities | 116 direct |
| Areas affected | Windward Islands, Cayman Islands, Jamaica, Mexico (Yucatán Peninsula and Veracruz), Texas |
| IBTrACS | |
| ---  Part of the **1944 Atlantic hurricane season** | |


title: Asphondylia solidaginis

abstract: Asphondylia solidaginis is a species of gall midge (Cecidomyiidae) that induces galls on goldenrods in North America where it is widespread. It was first described by William Beutenmuller in 1907. This species is multivolitine, having several generations each year. Females in spring and early summer deposit eggs in the leaf buds of Solidago altissima and sometimes Solidago gigantea, leading to the development of galls on the leaves in which the fly larvae live and feed. These single-chambered galls appear as blisters on the leaves and typically join two leaves together in a 'snap' gall, with one leaf forming the bottom of the gall and another leaf forming the top. Adults emerge from the galls in June and July. Later in the summer leafy rosette galls are formed from buds of Solidago altissima; this species is not known to induce such late-season galls on Solidago gigantea. These rosette galls are 3-5 centimeters in diameter with a single chamber at the center in which the larvae live. Similar 'snap' and rosette galls are induced on other goldenrod species by other Asphondylia species. Adults are very similar in appearance to Asphondylia monacha but the shape of the pupae differ between the two species. Another gall midge, Youngomyia podophyllae, has been found in the galls of Asphondylia solidaginis but it is not known if it acts as an inquiline or as a parasitoid.

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# Asphondylia solidaginis

***Asphondylia solidaginis*** is a species of gall midge (Cecidomyiidae) that induces galls on goldenrods in North America where it is widespread. It was first described by William Beutenmuller in 1907.

This species is multivolitine, having several generations each year. Females in spring and early summer deposit eggs in the leaf buds of *Solidago altissima* and sometimes *Solidago gigantea*, leading to the development of galls on the leaves in which the fly larvae live and feed. These single-chambered galls appear as blisters on the leaves and typically join two (sometimes up to four) leaves together in a 'snap' gall, with one leaf forming the bottom of the gall and another leaf forming the top. Adults emerge from the galls in June and July.

Later in the summer leafy rosette galls are formed from buds of *Solidago altissima*; this species is not known to induce such late-season galls on *Solidago gigantea*. These rosette galls are 3-5 centimeters in diameter with a single chamber at the center in which the larvae live.

Similar 'snap' and rosette galls are induced on other goldenrod species by other *Asphondylia* species.

Adults are very similar in appearance to *Asphondylia monacha* but the shape of the pupae differ between the two species.

Another gall midge, *Youngomyia podophyllae,* has been found in the galls of *Asphondylia solidaginis* but it is not known if it acts as an inquiline or as a parasitoid.

## InfoBox

| *Asphondylia solidaginis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Cecidomyiidae |
| Genus: | *Asphondylia* |
| Species: | ***A. solidaginis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Asphondylia solidaginis***<br>Beutenmüller, 1907 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cecidomyia bifolia*  Stebbins, 1910 | |


title: Anne Dalton

abstract: Anne Dalton is a camogie player and student. She is an All-Ireland winning medalist 2016, winner of five camogie All Star awards in 2009, 2010, 2014, 2016 and 2017. She played in the 2009 All Ireland camogie final.

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# Anne Dalton

**Anne Dalton** (born 22 May 1988; legally spelled **Ann Dalton**) is a camogie player and student. She is an All-Ireland winning medalist 2016, winner of five camogie All Star awards in 2009, 2010, 2014, 2016 and 2017. She played in the 2009 All Ireland camogie final.

## Career

An Ashbourne Cup medal-winner with Waterford IT in 2009, 2010, and 2011 she has won All- Ireland Minor and National League titles with Kilkenny. Described as a "stylish captain" in the programme notes for the 2009 All Ireland final she has collected three All-Irelands in succession 2004, 2005, and 2006, four Leinsters and six county crowns with her club St. Lachtain's, and has provincial titles at inter-county level in Under-14, Under-16 (three) and Under-18 (four). Her senior debut was in 2007.

## Media

Dalton was the subject of a 2023 *Laochra Gael* episode.

## InfoBox

Anne Dalton
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Irish name | *Áine Ní Dhaltúin* | | |
| Sport | Camogie | | |
| Position | Centre field | | |
| Born | (1988-05-22) 22 May 1988<br>Kilkenny, Ireland | | |
| Club(s) | | | |
| Years | **Club** | | |
|  | St. Lachtain's | | |
| Club titles | | | |
| All-Ireland Titles | 3 | | |
| Inter-county(ies) | | | |
| Years | **County** | | |
| 2006 – present | Kilkenny | | |
| Inter-county titles | | | |
| All-Irelands | 1 | | |
| All Stars | 5 | | |