title: 1971 Cardiff City Council election

abstract: The 1971 Cardiff City Council election was held on Thursday 13 May 1971 to elect councillors to Cardiff City Council in Cardiff, Glamorgan, Wales. It took place on the same day as several other county borough elections in Wales and England. The previous elections to this one were in May 1970 and the next elections would be in May 1972. The 1971 election would be the penultimate all-Cardiff election before the dissolution of the unitary authority and the creation of the new second-tier district authority of Cardiff City Council in 1974. The election saw the Labour Party taking a significant number of seats back from the Conservatives.

text:
# 1971 Cardiff City Council election

The **1971 Cardiff City Council election** was held on Thursday 13 May 1971 to elect councillors to Cardiff City Council in Cardiff, Glamorgan, Wales. It took place on the same day as several other county borough elections in Wales and England.

The previous elections to this one were in May 1970 and the next elections would be in May 1972. The 1971 election would be the penultimate all-Cardiff election before the dissolution of the unitary authority and the creation of the new second-tier district authority of Cardiff City Council in 1974.

The election saw the Labour Party taking a significant number of seats back from the Conservatives.

## Background

Cardiff County Borough Council had been created in 1889. Cardiff became a city in 1905. Elections to the local authority were held annually, though not all council seats were included in each contest, because each of the three councillors in each ward stood down for election in rotation. The councillors elected in 1971 would serve for less than three years, before the dissolution of the present Council in April 1974.

The local government elections took place in the context of Edward Heath's new Conservative UK government (which had been elected only 11 months previously) and rising prices and unemployment.

## Overview of the result

Nineteen seats in 19 electoral wards were up for election in May 1971. In what was described as a "night of disaster for the Conservatives" the Labour Party more than recovered the position they had been in Cardiff prior to the 1967 elections. Labour gained a total of 11 seats, including one in the previous Tory stronghold of Whitchurch. A number of former Cardiff Labour councillors won their seats back, including Eva Davies, Emyr Currie-Jones, Philip Dunleavy, Harold Bartlett and Dengar Evans.

### Council composition

Following the May 1970 election the balance on the city council was 57 Conservatives, 18 Labour and one Plaid Cymru. With 11 out of 19 seats changing hands in May 1971, Cardiff Labour chairman Cllr Jack Brooks called for the other two thirds of Cardiff seats to be put up for election, saying it was unfair that the Conservatives should remain in control.

## Ward results

Contests took place in every ward at this election.

### Adamsdown

Adamsdown ward 1971
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Eva Davies** | **1,706** |  |  |
|  | Conservative | Christopher Matthew Peterson * | 663 |  |  |
|  | Liberal | Henry Charles Edwards | 153 |  |  |
| Majority | | | 1,043 |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |

### Canton

Canton ward 1971
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Dengar Robinson Evans** | **1,807** |  |  |
|  | Conservative | Anthea Jean Thomas * | 1,294 |  |  |
|  | Liberal | Richard Michael James | 205 |  |  |
| Majority | | | 513 |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |

### Cathays

Cathays ward 1971
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Emyr Currie-Jones** | **2,730** |  |  |
|  | Conservative | Hubert George Nunn * | 1,726 |  |  |
| Majority | | | 1,004 |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |

### Central

Central ward 1971
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Gordon William Fish** | **1,563** |  |  |
|  | Conservative | William Lawford Gower * | 1,118 |  |  |
| Majority | | | 445 |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |

### Ely

Ely ward 1971
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Albert William Buttle *** | **3,376** |  |  |
|  | Conservative | Leslie Albert Roderick | 770 |  |  |
|  | Plaid Cymru | Charles Stephen Craves | 598 |  |  |
| Majority | | | 2,606 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Gabalfa

Gabalfa ward 1971
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Arthur William George Brown** | **2,290** |  |  |
|  | Conservative | Bernard Hugh Rees | 1,243 |  |  |
|  | Independent Labour | Gertrude Louise Baines | 688 |  |  |
|  | Liberal | Alan Edward Hiscock | 170 |  |  |
| Majority | | | 1,047 |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |

### Grangetown

Grangetown ward 1971
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Harold George Bartlett** | **1,750** |  |  |
|  | Conservative | Tim Cronin * | 987 |  |  |
|  | Plaid Cymru | Peter Staveley McMullen | 324 |  |  |
| Majority | | | 763 |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |

### Llanishen

Llanishen ward 1971
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Henry Peter Farthing *** | **2,447** |  |  |
|  | Labour | Leslie Bernard Goodrum | 2,108 |  |  |
|  | Liberal | Olive Mary Langdon | 905 |  |  |
| Majority | | | 339 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Llandaff

Llandaff ward 1971
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Beti Jones *** | **2,128** |  |  |
|  | Labour | Lionel John James | 813 |  |  |
|  | Plaid Cymru | Gwen Humphreys | 724 |  |  |
| Majority | | | 1,315 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Penylan

Penylan ward 1971
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **William Vaughan Barraby** | **3,674** |  |  |
|  | Labour | George Ewart Baylis | 1,386 |  |  |
|  | Liberal | John Evan Lee | 536 |  |  |
| Majority | | | 2,288 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Plasmawr

Plasmawr ward 1971
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Albert Arthur Huish** | **2,909** |  |  |
|  | Plaid Cymru | David Eurig Davies | 1,329 |  |  |
|  | Conservative | Doreen Muriel Norman * | 1,032 |  |  |
| Majority | | | 1,580 |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |

### Plasnewydd

Plasnewydd ward 1971
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Tony Lewis *** | **1,554** |  |  |
|  | Labour | Michael John Parry | 1,429 |  |  |
|  | Plaid Cymru | Philip Brian Richards | 312 |  |  |
|  | Liberal | Elizabeth Davina Forrest | 158 |  |  |
| Majority | | | 125 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Rhiwbina

Rhiwbina ward 1971
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **William Davies *** | **2,269** |  |  |
|  | Labour | William Michael Walker | 1,155 |  |  |
|  | Plaid Cymru | Gwynfor Hughes | 676 |  |  |
| Majority | | | 1,114 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Riverside

Riverside ward 1971
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Joseph Donovan *** | **1,271** |  |  |
|  | Labour | Thomas Clifford Lee | 1,019 |  |  |
|  | Plaid Cymru | Roy Adam Lee | 326 |  |  |
| Majority | | | 252 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Roath

Roath ward 1971
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Ian Hermer *** | **2,257** |  |  |
|  | Labour | John Scrivens | 945 |  |  |
| Majority | | | 1,312 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Rumney

Rumney ward 1971
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **David Myfr Evans** | **3,895** |  |  |
|  | Conservative | Samuel Parker * | 1,593 |  |  |
|  | Plaid Cymru | Michael Coughlin | 433 |  |  |
| Majority | | | 2,302 |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |

### South

South ward 1971
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Philip Dunleavy** | **2,165** |  |  |
|  | Conservative | Stefan Terlezki * | 1,198 |  |  |
| Majority | | | 167 |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |

### Splott

Splott ward 1971
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **John Edward Brooks** | **2,600** |  |  |
|  | Conservative | Robert Edward Glover | 1,342 |  |  |
|  | Communist | Richard Horatio Spencer | 59 |  |  |
| Majority | | | 258 |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |

### Whitchurch

Whitchurch ward 1971
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Henry Gordon Howell** | **2,100** |  |  |
|  | Conservative | Victor Riley | 2,024 |  |  |
|  | Liberal | Alexander Thomas Reeves | 316 |  |  |
|  | Plaid Cymru | David Gareth Williams | 247 |  |  |
| Majority | | | 76 |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |

* = 'retiring' ward councillor for re-election


title: Arizona Dental Association

abstract:
The Arizona Dental Association (AzDA) is a constituent society of the American Dental Association that encourages improvements in public oral health and promotes the art and science of dentistry through leadership, education and information.
AzDA was established in 1909 as a nonprofit professional membership organization currently representing over 2500 members, which is approximately 80% of all licensed dentists in Arizona. AzDA also manages three local component organizations, Central Arizona Dental Society (CADS), Northern Arizona Dental Society (NADS) and Southern Arizona Dental Society (SADS). The Arizona Dental Foundation (ADF) is the charitable outreach program of AzDA. ADF provides dental education, along with managing annual charitable events like "Give Kids a Smile", "Donated Dental Services", "Hope Fest”, "Hispanic Health Fair", "Special Olympics – Special Smiles" within the state Arizona. The Western Regional Dental Convention is sponsored by AzDA and held annually in Phoenix for the purpose of providing continuing education credits required for licensure and opportunities for dentists, dental hygienists, dental assistants, dental business professionals, dental laboratory professionals and other members of the dental community to network. The 300-booth professional trade show contains a lavish display of the latest products, services and technological innovations dental professionals use every day.

text:
# Arizona Dental Association

The **Arizona Dental Association** (AzDA) is a constituent society of the American Dental Association that encourages improvements in public oral health and promotes the art and science of dentistry through leadership, education and information. AzDA was established in 1909 as a nonprofit professional membership organization currently representing over 2500 members, which is approximately 80% of all licensed dentists in Arizona. AzDA also manages three local component organizations, Central Arizona Dental Society (CADS), Northern Arizona Dental Society (NADS) and Southern Arizona Dental Society (SADS).

**The Arizona Dental Foundation** (ADF) is the charitable outreach program of AzDA. ADF provides dental education, along with managing annual charitable events like "Give Kids a Smile", "Donated Dental Services", "Hope Fest”, "Hispanic Health Fair", "Special Olympics – Special Smiles" within the state Arizona.

The **Western Regional Dental Convention** is sponsored by AzDA and held annually in Phoenix for the purpose of providing continuing education credits required for licensure and opportunities for dentists, dental hygienists, dental assistants, dental business professionals, dental laboratory professionals and other members of the dental community to network. The 300-booth professional trade show contains a lavish display of the latest products, services and technological innovations dental professionals use every day.


title: Avonbridge railway station

abstract: Avonbridge railway station was a station on the Slamannan Railway. The line connected mines and villages in the Central Scotland.

text:
# Avonbridge railway station

**Avonbridge railway station** was a station on the Slamannan Railway. The line connected mines and villages in the Central Scotland.

## History

Opened by the Slamannan Railway, then joining the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway, was absorbed into the North British Railway. It became part of the London and North Eastern Railway during the Grouping of 1923. The station was then closed by that company.

## The site today

The station has been demolished but a set of level crossing gates mark the site.

| Preceding station | Historical railways | | | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Glenellrig |  | North British Railway
Slamannan Railway |  | Blackstone |

### Notes

### Sources

* Butt, R. V. J. (October 1995). *The Directory of Railway Stations: details every public and private passenger station, halt, platform and stopping place, past and present* (1st ed.). Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 978-1-85260-508-7. OCLC 60251199. OL 11956311M.
* Jowett, Alan (March 1989). *Jowett's Railway Atlas of Great Britain and Ireland: From Pre-Grouping to the Present Day* (1st ed.). Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 978-1-85260-086-0. OCLC 22311137.
* Jowett, Alan (2000). *Jowett's Nationalised Railway Atlas* (1st ed.). Penryn, Cornwall: Atlantic Transport Publishers. ISBN 978-0-906899-99-1. OCLC 228266687.
* Station on navigable O.S. map

55°56′12″N 3°44′48″W / 55.93672°N 3.74660°W / 55.93672; -3.74660

## InfoBox

| Avonbridge | |
| --- | --- |
| General information | |
| Location | Falkirk
Scotland |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Original company | Slamannan Railway |
| Pre-grouping | North British Railway |
| Post-grouping | London and North Eastern Railway |
| Key dates | |
| 31 December 1840 | Station opened |
| 1 May 1930 | Station closed to passengers |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Enoque Paulo Guilherme

abstract: Enoque Paulo Guilherme, better known as Enoque, is an Angolan football defender, in Angola's top league, the Girabola.

text:
# Enoque Paulo Guilherme

**Enoque Paulo Guilherme** (born 16 August 1987), better known as **Enoque**, is an Angolan football defender, in Angola's top league, the Girabola.

* Enoque at National-Football-Teams.com

## InfoBox

Enoque
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Enoque Paulo Guilherme | | |
| Date of birth | (1987-08-16) 16 August 1987 | | |
| Place of birth | Angola | | |
| Height | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Santos de Angola | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2007 | Interclube | 20 | (0) |
| 2008 | Santos de Angola | 25 | (2) |
| 2010 | Rec do Libolo (loan) | 7 | (0) |
| 2013–2014 | ASA |  |  |
| 2015 | Bravos Maquis |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 2009– | Angola | 7 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: 1918 Campeonato Paulista

abstract: The 1918 Campeonato Paulista, organized by the APEA, was the 17th season of São Paulo's top association football league. After the sixth round, Palestra Itália abandoned the championship in protest against the refereeing in their match against Paulistano. Then, the championship was interrupted in October, when the Spanish flu hit Brazil, and did not resume until December. As a result, multiple matches that did not have any bearing on deciding the title were cancelled and the championship only ended in January 1919. Paulistano won the title for the 6th time. The top scorer was Paulistano's Arthur Friedenreich, with 25 goals.

text:
# 1918 Campeonato Paulista

The **1918 Campeonato Paulista**, organized by the APEA (Associação Paulista de Esportes Atléticos), was the 17th season of São Paulo's top association football league. After the sixth round, Palestra Itália abandoned the championship in protest against the refereeing in their match against Paulistano. Then, the championship was interrupted in October, when the Spanish flu hit Brazil, and did not resume until December. As a result, multiple matches that did not have any bearing on deciding the title were cancelled and the championship only ended in January 1919. Paulistano won the title for the 6th time. The top scorer was Paulistano's Arthur Friedenreich, with 25 goals.

## System

The championship was disputed in a double-round robin system, with the team with the most points winning the title.

## Championship

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Paulistano | 16 | 13 | 0 | 3 | 68 | 14 | +54 | 26 | Champions |
| 2 | Corinthians | 17 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 64 | 19 | +45 | 26 |  |
| 3 | AA das Palmeiras | 16 | 10 | 2 | 4 | 36 | 25 | +11 | | 22 |
| 4 | Santos | 13 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 42 | 26 | +16 | | 18 |
| 5 | Ypiranga | 13 | 6 | 0 | 7 | 22 | 38 | 16 | | 12 |
| 6 | São Bento | 14 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 43 | 40 | +3 | | 12 |
| 7 | Minas Gerais | 13 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 9 | 53 | 44 | | 5 |
| 8 | Internacional | 15 | 2 | 0 | 13 | 17 | 66 | 49 | | 4 |
| 9 | Mackenzie | 11 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 17 | 38 | 21 | | 4 |
| 10 | Palestra Itália | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 14 | 13 | +1 | 5 | Withdrew |

Updated to match(es) played on January 19, 1919. Source: RSSSF.com
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) wins; 4) head-to-head points.

## InfoBox

Campeonato Paulista
| Season | 1918 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Paulistano |
| Matches played | 67 |
| Goals scored | 332 (4.96 per match) |
| Top goalscorer | Arthur Friedenreich (Paulistano) – 25 goals |
| Biggest home win | Paulistano 11-0 Minas Gerais (September 29, 1918) |
| Biggest away win | Minas Gerais 0-7 Corinthians (June 30, 1918) |
| Highest scoring | Paulistano 11-0 Minas Gerais (September 29, 1918) |
| 1917 1919 | |


title: Ferenc Rott

abstract: Ferenc Rott is a Hungarian football player who currently plays for BVSC Budapest.

text:
# Ferenc Rott

**Ferenc Rott** (born 6 October 1970 in Somberek) is a Hungarian football player who currently plays for BVSC Budapest.

* Futballévkönyv 1999 \[Football Yearbook 1999\], Volume I, pp. 78–82., Aréna 2000 kiadó, Budapest, 2000 ISBN 963-85967-8-3

## InfoBox

Ferenc Rott
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Ferenc Rott | | |
| Date of birth | (1970-10-06) 6 October 1970 | | |
| Place of birth | Somberek, Hungary | | |
| Height | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | BVSC Budapest | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1990–1993 | Veszprémi LC | 23 | (0) |
| 1993–1997 | Budapest Honvéd FC | 7 | (0) |
| 1997–1998 | Szombathelyi Haladás | 12 | (0) |
| 1998–1999 | Budapest Honvéd FC | 5 | (0) |
| 1999 | BVSC Budapest | 12 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Baby's Got a Hold on Me

abstract: "Baby's Got a Hold on Me" is a song written by Jeff Hanna, Bob Carpenter and Josh Leo, and recorded by American country music group Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. It was released in March 1987 as the first single from the album Hold On. The song reached number 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

text:
# Baby's Got a Hold on Me

"**Baby's Got a Hold on Me**" is a song written by Jeff Hanna, Bob Carpenter and Josh Leo, and recorded by American country music group Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. It was released in March 1987 as the first single from the album *Hold On*. The song reached number 2 on the *Billboard* Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.

## Charts

| Chart (1987) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Country Tracks (*RPM*) | 2 |
| US Hot Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 2 |
|

## InfoBox

| "Baby's Got a Hold on Me" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Nitty Gritty Dirt Band | |
| from the album  *Hold On* | |
| B-side | "Oleanna" |
| Released | March 28, 1987 |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 3:04 |
| Label | Warner Bros. Nashville |
| Songwriter(s) | Jeff Hanna, Bob Carpenter, Josh Leo |
| Producer(s) | Josh Leo |
| Nitty Gritty Dirt Band singles chronology | |
| "Fire in the Sky"
(1986) "**Baby's Got a Hold on Me**"
(1987) "Fishin' in the Dark"
(1987) | |


title: Foxhill House

abstract: Foxhill House is a Gothic revival style building on what is now the Whiteknights campus of the University of Reading at Earley, adjoining the English town of Reading. It currently houses the University's School of Law. Foxhill House is a grade II* listed building. The former stables and coach house immediately to the north east, which are now physically connected to Foxhill House, and also form part of the School of Law, are separately listed as Grade II.

text:
# Foxhill House

**Foxhill House** is a Gothic revival style building on what is now the Whiteknights campus of the University of Reading at Earley, adjoining the English town of Reading. It currently houses the University's School of Law.

Foxhill House is a grade II\* listed building. The former stables and coach house immediately to the north east, which are now physically connected to Foxhill House, and also form part of the School of Law, are separately listed as Grade II.

## History

The house was originally built in 1868 by the architect Alfred Waterhouse in the early 1870s, his daughter Monica (later named Bridges) was brought up there. They moved into an even grander property, Yattendon Court, which he had built in 1881. In the early years of the 20th Century Foxhill was occupied by Rufus Isaacs, who was variously Member of Parliament for Reading, Lord Chief Justice of England, the British ambassador to the United States and Viceroy of India.

In 1919 Isaacs sold the lease to Hugo Hirst, founder of the General Electric Company Ltd, who in 1934 became Baron Hirst of Witton. Hirst lived in the house until his death in 1943. Subsequently, the house was used by his daughter, Muriel, and her husband Leslie Carr Gamage until about 1958 when the University gained possession.

Used for a period as student accommodation, Foxhill House was extensively restored between 2003 and 2005, in order to suit its new role as the home of the School of Law. In 2007 the courtyard of the building was refurbished with a grant from PriceWaterhouseCoopers in memory of Edwin Waterhouse, who was both a co-founder of that company and the brother of the building's architect.

Foxhill house was extended in 2009, in order to make room for more offices for academics and teaching staff. Several new teaching rooms were also created. The main extension was created between the main house and the stable block. The rear of the building was given something of a 'conservatory', which created 2 new teaching rooms, as well as a small kitchen area. This 'conservatory' can be seen when looking at the house from the east.

## InfoBox

| Foxhill House | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location within Reading | |
| General information | |
| Architectural style | Gothic revival |
| Location | Earley, Berkshire, England |
| Coordinates | 51°26′42″N 0°56′32″W / 51.44492°N 0.94236°W / 51.44492; -0.94236 |
| Completed | 1868 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Alfred Waterhouse |


title: 1962 Far East Circuit

abstract: The 1962 Far East Circuit was the inaugural season of the Far East Circuit, the main professional golf tour in Asia since it was established in 1961.

text:
# 1962 Far East Circuit

The **1962 Far East Circuit** was the inaugural season of the Far East Circuit, the main professional golf tour in Asia since it was established in 1961.

## Season outline

The circuit consisted of five tournaments over five weeks, and was formed from the existing national open championships of the Philippines, Hong Kong and Singapore, along with the inaugural national open championship of Malaysia and the Yomiuri Shimbun sponsored Yomiuri International in Japan. There was a total prize fund of just over M$200,000, which included a bonus pool sponsored by Seagram of M$15,000 for the overall circuit prize.

Golfers from around the world participated in the tour, including some of the biggest names in Australian golf, and it was multiple Open Championship winner, Peter Thomson, who emerged as the circuit's first Order of Merit winner.

## Schedule

The following table lists official events during the 1962 season.

| Date | Tournament | Host country | Purse<br>(US$) | Winner | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 11 Feb | Philippine Open | Philippines | 11,500 | Celestino Tugot (1) |  |
| 18 Feb | Singapore Open | Singapore | MS$28,000 | Brian Wilkes (1) |  |
| 25 Feb | Malayan Open | Malaya | £A3,000 | Frank Phillips (1) | New tournament |
| 4 Mar | Hong Kong Open | Hong Kong | 9,000 | Len Woodward (1) |  |
| 11 Mar | Yomiuri International | Japan | 15,000 | Peter Thomson (1) | New tournament |

## Order of Merit

The Order of Merit was based on tournament results during the season, calculated using total strokes.

| Position | Player | Strokes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Peter Thomson | 1,405 |
| 2 | Kel Nagle | 1,422 |
| 3 | Frank Phillips | 1,422 |
| 4 | Bob Charles | 1,430 |

1. "Golf's gathering of champions". *The Straits Times*. Singapore. 11 February 1962. p. 18. Retrieved 3 March 2020  via National Library Board.
2. "Big entry for Philippines Open golf next month". *Singapore Free Press*. Singapore. 9 January 1962. p. 11. Retrieved 3 March 2020  via National Library Board.
3. "Big Prizes For Far East Golf". *The Canberra Times*. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 5 January 1962. p. 20. Retrieved 4 March 2020  via Trove.
4. "Record for Far Eastern golf tour". *The Canberra Times*. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 30 January 1962. p. 14. Retrieved 4 March 2020  via Trove.
5. "Far East loot to Aussies". *The Province*. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 12 March 1962. p. 17. Retrieved 3 March 2020  via Newspapers.com.
6. Steel, Donald (1987). *Golf Records, Facts and Champions*. Guinness. pp. 153–155. ISBN 0851128475. Retrieved 16 December 2023  via Archive.org.

## InfoBox

1962 Far East Circuit season
| Duration | 8 February 1962 (1962-02-08) – 11 March 1962 (1962-03-11) |
| --- | --- |
| Number of official events | 5 |
| Order of Merit | Peter Thomson |
| 1963 | |


title: 1963–64 DFB-Pokal

abstract: The 1963–64 DFB-Pokal was the 21st season of the annual German football cup competition. It began on 7 April 1964 and ended on 13 June 1964. 32 teams competed in the tournament of five rounds. In the final 1860 Munich defeated Eintracht Frankfurt 2–0.

text:
# 1963–64 DFB-Pokal

The **1963–64 DFB-Pokal** was the 21st season of the annual German football cup competition. It began on 7 April 1964 and ended on 13 June 1964. 32 teams competed in the tournament of five rounds. In the final 1860 Munich defeated Eintracht Frankfurt 2–0.

## Matches

### First round

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7 April 1964 |
| Hamburger SV | **1 – 1** | SpVgg Fürth | *(AET)* |
| Meidericher SV | **1 – 2** | **Hertha BSC** | *(AET)* |
| VfL Wolfsburg | **0 – 2** | **Eintracht Frankfurt** |
| VfR Wormatia Worms | **2 – 3** | **KSV Hessen Kassel** |
| Stuttgarter Kickers | **0 – 3** | **Phönix Ludwigshafen** |
| SV Werder Bremen | **0 – 2** | **FC Schalke 04** |
| **1. FC Köln** | **3 – 2** | 1. FC Nürnberg | *(AET)* |
| Eintracht Trier | **1 – 1** | Hannover 96 | *(AET)* |
| **Altonaer FC 93** | **2 – 1** | Borussia Mönchengladbach |
| Eintracht Gelsenkirchen | **0 – 2** | **Duisburger SV** |
| Preußen Münster | **1 – 3** | **Karlsruher SC** |
| **1. FC Saarbrücken** | **6 – 1** | Tennis Borussia Berlin |
| **Eintracht Braunschweig** | **3 – 0** | VfL Osnabrück |
| **TSV 1860 München** | **2 – 0** | Borussia Dortmund |
| **1. FC Kaiserslautern** | **2 – 0** | Wuppertaler SV Borussia |
| VfB Stuttgart | **2 – 2** | SSV Reutlingen | *(AET)* |

#### Replays

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15 April 1964 |
| **SpVgg Fürth** | **2 – 1** | Hamburger SV | *(AET)* |
| **Hannover 96** | **4 – 0** | Eintracht Trier |
| SSV Reutlingen | **0 – 4** | **VfB Stuttgart** |

### Round of 16

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 22 April 1964 |
| **Eintracht Frankfurt** | **6 – 1** | KSV Hessen Kassel |
| Phönix Ludwigshafen | **1 – 2** | **FC Schalke 04** |
| **Hertha BSC** | **4 – 3** | SpVgg Fürth |
| **1. FC Köln** | **3 – 0** | Hannover 96 | *(AET)* |
| **Altonaer FC 93** | **2 – 1** | Duisburger SV |
| **1. FC Saarbrücken** | **2 – 1** | Eintracht Braunschweig | *(AET)* |
| **TSV 1860 München** | **4 – 2** | 1. FC Kaiserslautern |
| 2 May 1964 |
| **Karlsruher SC** | **2 – 1** | VfB Stuttgart |

### Quarter-finals

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20 May 1964 |
| **Eintracht Frankfurt** | **2 – 1** | FC Schalke 04 |
| **Hertha BSC** | **4 – 2** | 1. FC Köln |
| **Altonaer FC 93** | **2 – 1** | Karlsruher SC |
| 1. FC Saarbrücken | **1 – 3** | **TSV 1860 München** |

### Semi-finals

| Eintracht Frankfurt | 3–1 | Hertha BSC |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Trimhold  44'
Stinka  56'
Schämer  77' | Report | Rehhagel  73' (pen.) |

Waldstadion, FrankfurtAttendance: 30,000Referee: Fritz (Oggersheim)

---

| Altonaer FC 93 | 1–4 (a.e.t.) | TSV 1860 München |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Kautz  72' | Report | Kraus  85'
Luttrop  94'
Brunnenmeier  100'
Küppers  109' |

Adolf-Jäger-Kampfbahn, HamburgAttendance: 15,000Referee: Malka (Herten)

### Final

| Eintracht Frankfurt | 0–2 | 1860 Munich |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Neckarstadion, StuttgartAttendance: 45,000Referee: Johannes Malka (Herten)

## InfoBox

1963–64 DFB-Pokal
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | West Germany |
| Teams | 32 |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | 1860 Munich |
| Runner-up | Eintracht Frankfurt |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 34 |
| Goals scored | 124 (3.65 per match) |
| Top goal scorer(s) | Rudolf Brunnenmeier
(1860 Munich) (5) |
|  | |


title: Aref Rayess

abstract: Aref El Rayess was a Lebanese painter and sculptor.

text:
# Aref Rayess

**Aref El Rayess** (or **Aref Rayess**) (25 October 1928 – 27 January 2005) was a Lebanese painter and sculptor.

## Life

Born in Beirut, Aref Rayess started his career as a self-taught artist exhibiting for the first time in 1948. He lived in Africa for many years during which he traveled between Senegal and Paris. In Paris, he joined the studios of Fernand Léger, André Lhote, Marcel Marceau and Ossip Zadkine while studying at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière. In 1957, he returned to Lebanon, but left again for Florence in 1959 with a scholarship from the Italian government. From 1960 to 1963, he lived in Rome where he went on studying and exhibiting. In 1963, he returned to Lebanon.

Rayess participated in many group shows including the biennales of São Paulo (1960) and Bagdad (1974); the Unesco exhibition in Montreal (1978); the Mall Galleries, London (1986) and the Salons of the Sursock Museum, Beirut (1961, 1962, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1968). He has held more than fifteen solo shows in Lebanon.

Internationally, his Individual exhibitions include: the Poliani Gallery, Rome (1959); Numero Gallery, Florence (1959); D'Arcy Gallery, New York; Excelsior Gallery, Mexico (1964); the Rodin Museum, Paris (1966); a retrospective of his works, 1957–1968, at the National Museum of Damascus (1969); Ornina Gallery, Damascus (1974), Gallery Rasim, Algeria (1976) and in Venezuela.

He was commissioned by the Lebanese government to design and execute a tapestry presented to the Unesco centre in Paris. The Lebanese government also requested him to create two sculptures to represent Lebanon at the World Fair in New York.

Aref El Rayess won several awards in Lebanon. These include: the Lebanese Ministry of National Education Award for the 1955 spring exhibition, the Unesco Prize for the Spring Salon of 1957, the Ministry of Public Works First and Second Prize for Sculpture (1963), the Sursock Museum Grand Prix de Sculpture (1965–66) for different works exhibited and their First Prize for Sculpture (1966–67) as well as the Ministry of Tourism First and Second Prizes (1966).

President of the Lebanese Artists Association – Painters and Sculptors, El Rayess taught for many years at the Lebanese University and the American Lebanese University. With the outbreak of the civil war in Lebanon, he relocated to Saudi Arabia and was appointed as the city of Jeddah's art consultant for many years. He had been commissioned by the Saudi Arabian government to produce several sculptures. One of the most outstanding is that of the stylized name of Allah. Designed by him and built in Italy from aluminum, it stands twenty seven meters high in Palestine Square in Jeddah. Among the artist's most recent works is a series of oil paintings capturing the nature and feeling of the Arabian desert.

The artist died in January 2005.

## Work

Aref El Rayess was a prolific artist, mainly known as a painter, he also practiced etching, sculpture and tapestry. One of his tapestries, *The Signs of Cadmus*, is part of the collection of the Unesco Palace in Paris.

His work is widely based on the human being and its relationship to nature and history, stating that "Man is a unity that embodies both the means and the goals...".

In the 1960s his painting evolved around Man and the Third World and in the early 1970s, he unexpectedly presented an exhibition related to whorehouses off Martyrs' Square, Beirut.

With the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War, El Rayess was one of the artists who interpreted the tragic events in art. Staying in Algiers, he produced in 1976 a series of etchings entitled *The Road to Peace*. This work gave its name to an exhibition Saleh Barakat curated in 2009 at the Beirut Art Center, encompassing Lebanese visual arts between 1975 and 1991. Apart from the etching series, oil paintings depicting the horror of war were featured in the exhibition. In these troubled times, El Rayess showed political involvement in creating a poster commemorating the assassination of the Druze leader Kamal Jumblatt.

Aref El Rayess also developed a practice of abstract sculpture. He was commissioned monumental works for the city of Jeddah, including a piece named "Swords of God (Soyuf Allah)".

## Auctions

Paintings by El Rayess are relatively few in the auction market. In October 2007, *Labyrinths of the Millenium* was proposed at $30,000 – $35,000 and hammered at $37,000. One year later, *H. T. M. (Human, Time and Machine)* was offered for $60,000 – $80,000 and was sold at $62,500.

## Publications

Most of the book can be found with his daughter Hala Aref El Rayess, and a few at "RectoVerso" a library dedicated to art in Lebanon.

2012 – http://www.beirutexhibitioncenter.com/exhibitions/art-lebanon ISBN 978-9953-0-2420-2

2004 – "Al Layl Al Tṭawīl Wa’al Kalimah" (The Long Night and The Word) OCLC Number: 64576609

2003 – "Al Ayyām Al Ramādīyah: Alwān, Aḥruf, Suwar" (The Gray Days: Colors, Letters, Pictures) Riad El Rayess Books – ISBN 9953211426 ISBN 9789953211428

2001 – A Dedication to his daughter "Hodourak Fi Ghiyab Al Thol" (Your presence in the absence of the shadow) Publishing house and ISBN not available.

2000 – "Matahat Jamila" (Beautiful Maze) Nawfal Publishing – ISBN not available.

1999 – A Selection of Interviews "Rehlah Dakhel al-Zat" (A journey within my self) Dar AlJadeed Publishing – ISBN not available.

1982 – One Hundred Years of Plastic Arts in Lebanon 1880–1980 Imprimerie Catholique sal, Araya, Lebanon – ISBN not available.

1976 – "Tarik al Salam" (The Road to Peace) Illustration of the 1975 War in Lebanon OCLC Number: 41596994

1972 – A Manifesto by Rayess "Maa' Man, Wa Dud Man" (With Who, and Against Whom) Publishing house and ISBN not available due to its contents.

## Selected exhibitions

### Solo exhibitions

* Noir et Blanc – Temps et Homme d'Aref Rayess, Espace SD, Beirut, 2002
* 2001 – Chants du carré – Galerie Janine Rubeiz, Beirut, Lebanon
* 1997 – Gallery World of Art, Beirut, Lebanon
* 1996 – Galerie Janine Rubeiz, Beirut, Lebanon
* 1995 – Centre Culturel Français, Beirut, Lebanon
* 1993 – Hommage au petit prince, French Cultural Center, Beirut
* 1979 – Galerie Epreuve d’Artiste, Beirut, Lebanon
* 1978 – Exposition Caracas, Venezuela
* 1976 – Galerie Racim, Algeria
* 1975 – Gallery Le Point, Beirut, Lebanon
* 1973 – The Flowers of rue Al Moutanabbi, Galerie Contact, Beirut, Lebanon
* 1972 – Gallery One, Beirut,Lebanon
* 1971 – Galerie Manoug, Beirut, Lebanon
* 1969/1970 – Dar El Fan, Beirut, Lebanon
* 1968 – L’Orient le Jour, Beirut, Lebanon
* 1967 – Gallery One, Beirut, Lebanon
* 1965 – Galerie Excelsior, Mexico
* 1964 – D'Arcy Gallery, New York
* 1964 – Galerie La Licorne, Beirut, Lebanon
* 1961/1963 – Galerie La Licorne, Beirut, Lebanon
* 1958/1961 Rome, Florence, Venise – Italy
* 1958 – Galerie Alecco Saab, Beirut, Lebanon
* 1957 – Italian Cultural Center, Beirut, Lebanon
* 1954 – Dakar, Senegal, Africa
* 1948 – American University of Beirut, West Hall, Lebanon

### Group exhibitions

* Art from Lebanon, Beirut Exhibition Center, 2012

### Collective exhibitions

* 1948 – Unesco, Lebanon
* 1955/1957 – Ministry of Education, Lebanon
* 1961/1966 – Sursock Museum, Lebanon
* 1960 – Biennale São Paulo, Brazil
* 1964 – New York World Fair, USA
* 1967 – Biennale Musée Rodin, Paris
* 1968 – International Exposition, New York
* 1974 −1ere Biennale des Artistes Arabes, Baghdad
* 1979 – Ministry of Tourism, Lebanon
* 1980 – Unesco, Lebanon

### Private collections

* Musée du Ministère de L’Education Nationale, Lebanon
* Musée Sursock, Lebanon
* Musée d’Art Contemporain, Irak
* Musée d’Art Contemporain, Syrie
* Musée National, Algérie

### Awards

* 1955 – Prix de l’Education Nationale Salon du Printemps
* 1957 – UNESCO Awards in the Salon du Printemps
* 1963 – Premier et Second prix du Concours de Ministère des travaux Publique pour le Palais de Justice (National 1st & 2nd Prize)
* 1965/1966 – Sursock Museum's awards for Sculpture & Painting in the Salon D’Automne
* 1966 – Premier prix et Deuxième prix du concours de Sculpture du comite d’embellissement de la cite Libanaise
* 1967 – First Prize at the Sursock Museum's Award for Painting in the Salon D'Automne
* 1982 – The Tarua Europe's Award in Rome
* Musée National, Kuwait
* Musée National Jordan
* Musee de Jeddah, Arabie Saoudite
* Musee de Tabouk, Arabie Saoudite
* Old Hundred Museum, New York, USA
* Roosevelt Museum, Philadelphia, USA
* Palais de L’UNESCO, Paris, France

## InfoBox

| Aref El Rayess | |
| --- | --- |
| عارف الريس | |
| Born | (1928-10-25)25 October 1928<br>Aley, Mount Lebanon |
| Died | 27 January 2005(2005-01-27) (aged 76) |
| Nationality | Lebanese |
| Known for | Painting, Sculpting |
| Notable work | Road to Peace |
| Children | Hala El Rayess |


title: Euglandina cognata

abstract: Euglandina cognata is a species of large predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae.

text:
# Euglandina cognata

***Euglandina cognata*** is a species of large predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae.

## InfoBox

| *Euglandina cognata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Spiraxidae |
| Genus: | *Euglandina* |
| Species: | ***E. cognata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Euglandina cognata***<br>(Strebel, 1875) | |
|


title: Enoploteuthis reticulata

abstract: Enoploteuthis galaxias is a species of squid from the family Enoploteuthidae. The species has been observed in the North Pacific Ocean.

text:
# Enoploteuthis reticulata

***Enoploteuthis galaxias*** is a species of squid from the family Enoploteuthidae. The species has been observed in the North Pacific Ocean.

## InfoBox

| *Enoploteuthis reticulata* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Cephalopoda |
| Order: | Oegopsida |
| Family: | Enoploteuthidae |
| Genus: | *Enoploteuthis* |
| Species: | ***E. reticulata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Enoploteuthis reticulata***
(Rancurel, 1970) | |
|


title: Fernando López (equestrian)

abstract: Fernando López was a Spanish equestrian. He competed in two events at the 1952 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Fernando López (equestrian)

**Fernando López** (25 September 1908  3 June 2006) was a Spanish equestrian. He competed in two events at the 1952 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Fernando López
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Born | (1908-09-25)25 September 1908
Granada, Spain |
| Died | 3 June 2006(2006-06-03) (aged 97)
Madrid, Spain |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Equestrian |


title: 2010 Brooklyn–Queens tornadoes

abstract: The 2010 Brooklyn/Queens tornadoes were a severe weather event that occurred in the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens in New York City on September 16, 2010. These tornadoes were the second and third to touch down in New York City that year, the first having occurred in the Bronx on July 25.

text:
# 2010 Brooklyn–Queens tornadoes

The **2010 Brooklyn/Queens tornadoes** were a severe weather event that occurred in the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens in New York City on September 16, 2010. These tornadoes were the second and third to touch down in New York City that year, the first having occurred in the Bronx on July 25.

## Summary

The storms struck New York City just as the evening rush hour was beginning. Damaging winds, heavy downpours, and hail up to 1 inch (2.5 cm) wreaked havoc with the evening commute. Hundreds of downed trees led to a temporary suspension of service on the Long Island Rail Road, Amtrak, and several New York City Subway services including the , , and , leaving tens of thousands of commuters stranded.

A woman was killed when a tree fell and crushed the vehicle she was driving. Another man in Flushing was killed by a tree crashing into his home by Kissena Park. Extensive and widespread wind damage led to over 30,000 downed trees, and power lines. During the storm, winds tore trees out of the ground before blowing them up to 30–40 feet (9.1–12.2 m) away. According to Con Edison, more than 25,000 customers lost power in Queens while 5,000 were without power in Staten Island. Four buildings across Brooklyn and Queens reported experiencing a partial collapse due to tornadic winds. The worst damage was concentrated in the neighborhoods of Middle Village, Forest Hills, and Bayside in Queens as well as Park Slope and Bed-Stuy in Brooklyn. Scattered power outages were reported across parts of the city.

Two separate tornadoes were later confirmed in Park Slope and Flushing, two areas that suffered the worst damage from the storms. The stronger of the two tornadoes touched down over Flushing and was rated an EF1 with maximum winds of 100 mph. The tornado touched down in Flushing Meadows Corona Park and headed through Northeast Queens, dissipating over Little Neck Bay. The twister tore down the 150-year-old steeple of St. George's Church in downtown Flushing. In addition to the tornadoes, the National Weather Service confirmed the occurrence of a macroburst bringing winds up to 125 miles per hour (201 km/h) to a wide swath of Middle Village and Forest Hills. In Forest Hills, a group of trees were knocked over in MacDonald park, destroying the park and surroundings. Combined, the two tornadoes caused $25.7 million in damages.

These tornadoes were part of a small outbreak that produced several damaging tornadoes across the Midwest, especially in Ohio. An EF2 tornado caused severe damage, totaling $35 million, near Wooster, Ohio. Another strong EF3 tornado that destroyed numerous homes near Reedsville, Ohio and Belleville, West Virginia killed one person and injured several more. This became the first fatal tornado in West Virginia in a decade. The stadium at Athens High School was destroyed by a tornado.

## Confirmed tornadoes

Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating
| EFU | EF0 | EF1 | EF2 | EF3 | EF4 | EF5 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 0 | 2 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 14 |

### September 16 event

| List of reported tornadoes - Thursday, September 16, 2010 | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| EF# | Location | County | Coord. | Time (UTC) | Path length | Comments/Damage |
| **Ohio** | | | | | | |
| **EF0** | **SW of Galena** | Delaware | 40°11′N 82°53′W / 40.18°N 82.89°W / 40.18; -82.89 (Galena (Sep 16, EF0)) | 2038 | 0.25 miles (400 m) | Minor tree damage and a few shingles were removed from a house as a result of this brief tornado. |
| **EF2** | **S of Wooster** | Wayne | 40°47′N 81°58′W / 40.78°N 81.96°W / 40.78; -81.96 (Wooster (Sep 16, EF2)) | 2126 | 11 miles (18 km) | Severe damage at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center where greenhouses and a large brick laboratory building were destroyed and other buildings were heavily damaged. Over 150 houses and barns were also damaged, some significantly with a few destroyed. Numerous trees were snapped and uprooted and vehicles were flipped and tossed. One person was injured. |
| **EF2** | **S of Somerset** | Fairfield, Perry | 39°49′N 82°18′W / 39.81°N 82.30°W / 39.81; -82.30 (Somerset (Sep 16, EF2)) | 2152 | 11 miles (18 km) | Two houses were destroyed and many others were damaged, some heavily. Major damage to hundreds of trees and to power lines and poles. One person was injured. Damage also occurred in West Rushville. |
| **EF1** | **Tarlton** | Fairfield, Pickaway | 39°34′N 82°52′W / 39.57°N 82.86°W / 39.57; -82.86 (Tarlton (Sep 16, EF1)) | 2156 | 2.85 miles (4.59 km) | Two grain silos were thrown and several houses were damaged. Extensive tree damage occurred along the path and a semi-trailer was pushed over. |
| **EF1** | **SW of Farmerstown** | Holmes | 40°27′N 81°45′W / 40.45°N 81.75°W / 40.45; -81.75 (Farmerstown (Sep 16, EF1)) | 2200 | 3 miles (4.8 km) | A few houses were damaged and barns and outbuildings were destroyed along the path. |
| **EF1** | **SW of Buena Vista** | Hocking | 39°32′N 82°40′W / 39.53°N 82.67°W / 39.53; -82.67 (Buena Vista (Sep 16, EF1)) | 2209 | 1 mile (1.6 km) | A pole barn lost its roof and a house sustained minor damage. |
| **EF1** | **New Philadelphia area** | Tuscarawas | 40°29′N 81°32′W / 40.49°N 81.53°W / 40.49; -81.53 (New Philadelphia (Sep 16, EF1)) | 2220 | 5 miles (8.0 km) | Several houses sustained minor damage and outbuildings were destroyed. Many trees were also uprooted. |
| **EF1** | **Crooksville area** | Perry, Morgan | 39°46′N 82°05′W / 39.77°N 82.09°W / 39.77; -82.09 (Crooksville (Sep 16, EF1)) | 2221 | 5 miles (8.0 km) | Several houses were damaged and sheds, barns and outbuildings were destroyed. |
| **EF2** | **S of Nelsonville** | Athens | 39°23′N 82°14′W / 39.39°N 82.23°W / 39.39; -82.23 (Nelsonville (Sep 16, EF2)) | 2254 | 3 miles (4.8 km) | Severe damage in the area, with 13 houses and many mobile homes destroyed and dozens of other houses damaged, some heavily. Many trees were uprooted or snapped. 7 people were injured. |
| **EF3** | **Reedsville area** | Meigs, Wood (WV) | 39°09′N 81°45′W / 39.15°N 81.75°W / 39.15; -81.75 (Reedsville (Sep 16, EF3)) | 0000 | 9 miles (14 km) | **1 death** \- Severe damage on both sides of the Ohio River. Over 50 houses were damaged or destroyed with at least 2 that were completely leveled. Numerous mobile homes and farm buildings were damaged or destroyed. Mobile home frames were found wrapped around tree stumps. Extensive tree damage occurred and vehicles were tossed and destroyed. 16 others were injured, some seriously. |
| **New York** | | | | | | |
| **EF0** | **Park Slope** | Kings | 40°40′N 73°59′W / 40.67°N 73.99°W / 40.67; -73.99 (Park Slope (Sep 16, EF0)) | 2133 | 2 miles (3.2 km) | Weak tornado touchdown embedded in a larger macroburst. Direct tornado damage limited to trees, some which landed on and destroyed vehicles. |
| **EF1** | **Flushing** | Queens | 40°44′N 73°50′W / 40.74°N 73.84°W / 40.74; -73.84 (Flushing (Sep 16, EF1)) | 2142 | 4 miles (6.4 km) | **1 death** \- Many trees were knocked down including one falling onto a car killing one person driving along Grand Central Parkway. Several houses and businesses were also damaged, and many windows were blown out. One other person was injured and one indirect death was also reported. |
| **New Jersey** | | | | | | |
| **EF1** | **Woodruff** | Ocean | 40°04′N 74°29′W / 40.06°N 74.49°W / 40.06; -74.49 (Woodruff (Sep 16, EF1)) | 2205 | 2.2 miles (3.5 km) | Two houses sustained major roof damage. A small barn was also destroyed and over 300 trees were blown down. |
| **West Virginia** | | | | | | |
| **EF1** | **SE of Palestine** | Wirt | 39°04′N 81°20′W / 39.06°N 81.34°W / 39.06; -81.34 (Palestine (Sep 16, EF1)) | 0025 | 1 mile (1.6 km) | Significant tree damage with some falling on houses and outbuildings. |
| Sources: SPC Storm Reports for 09/16/10, NWS Wilmington OH, NWS Cleveland, NWS Pittsburgh, NWS Philadelphia, NWS Charleston, WV, NWS New York City (PNS), NCDC Storm Data | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

2010 Brooklyn/Queens tornadoes
| Damage to a home in Flushing caused by a large fallen tree. | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Type | Tornado outbreak |
| Formed | Thursday, September 16, 2010 4:38pm - 8:25pm EDT |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Tornadoes
confirmed | 14 |
| Max. rating1 | EF3 tornado |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Fatalities | 2 fatalities (+1 non-tornadic fatality); 25 injuries |
| Damage | $65.5 million (2010 USD) |
| Power outages | \>30,000 |
| Areas affected | Park Slope, Brooklyn; Middle Village/Flushing, Queens in New York City, New York, United States |
| 1*Most severe tornado damage; see Enhanced Fujita scale* | |


title: Essam Abdel-Fatah

abstract: Essam Abdel-Fatah is an Egyptian football (soccer) referee. Abd El Fatah has been a referee since 2001; his first international game was between Morocco and Sierra Leone in 2003. He was the referee for the match between Australia and Japan in the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Abd El Fatah is a pilot in the Egyptian Army Air Force and he is currently a Lieutenant Major.

text:
# Essam Abdel-Fatah

**Essam Abdel-Fatah** (Arabic: **عصام عبد الفتاح**) (born December 30, 1965) is an Egyptian football (soccer) referee. Abd El Fatah has been a referee since 2001; his first international game was between Morocco and Sierra Leone in 2003. He was the referee for the match between Australia and Japan in the 2006 FIFA World Cup.

Abd El Fatah is a pilot in the Egyptian Army Air Force and he is currently a Lieutenant Major.


title: Estadio Jardines del Kelito

abstract: Estadio Jardines del Kelito is a football stadium in Paraguay that is located in the city of Asunción. It is the home venue of River Plate Asunción. River Plate Asunción's former stadium, which was located in the Mariscal López and General Santos avenues, was previously known as Kelito after the club received a donation of brass from a factory named Helados Kelito. After the club bought a building, its yard was known as Los Jardines del Kelito. Opened in 1987, the stadium was renovated in 2016 after River Plate achieved promotion to the Primera División, receiving a new lighting system. In the following year, a new grandstand was built, with the capacity of the stadium increasing in 1,500 and reaching 6,500 spectators.

text:
# Estadio Jardines del Kelito

**Estadio Jardines del Kelito** is a football stadium in Paraguay that is located in the city of Asunción. It is the home venue of River Plate Asunción.

River Plate Asunción's former stadium, which was located in the Mariscal López and General Santos avenues, was previously known as *Kelito* after the club received a donation of brass from a factory named *Helados Kelito*. After the club bought a building, its yard was known as *Los Jardines del Kelito*.

Opened in 1987, the stadium was renovated in 2016 after River Plate achieved promotion to the Primera División, receiving a new lighting system. In the following year, a new grandstand was built, with the capacity of the stadium increasing in 1,500 and reaching 6,500 spectators.

## InfoBox

Jardines del Kelito
| Estadio River Plate | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Full name | Estadio Los Jardines del Kelito |
| Address | Teodoro Mongelós 3800, Mburicaó
Asunción
Paraguay |
| Coordinates | 25°18′18″S 57°35′53″W / 25.305128°S 57.598172°W / -25.305128; -57.598172 |
| Capacity | 6,500 |
| Field size | 105 × 74 m |
| Construction | |
| Opened | 1987 |
| Renovated | 2016 |
| Expanded | 2017 |
| Tenants | |
| River Plate Asunción | |


title: Emma Uren

abstract: Emma Uren is an English rugby union player who plays for Trailfinders Women in Premiership Women's Rugby.

text:
# Emma Uren

**Emma Uren** (born 1 October 1997) is an English rugby union player who plays for Trailfinders Women in Premiership Women's Rugby.

## Career

Born in Chiswick and brought up in Twickenham, she first played for Richmond Borough, winning the London Youth Games aged 11. At Orleans Park School, she played rugby league before taking up union at 16 for Grasshoppers RFC in Isleworth. Uren was further educated at St Mary’s University, Twickenham, studying Strength and Conditioning Sciences. She split her final year of studies into two to take up a contract with the England women's national rugby sevens team. She captained England U20s to their first ever victory against France in France in March 2018 and played a number of Tyrrells Premier 15s games for season champions Saracens Ladies. She signed for Trailfinders Women ahead of the 2023/24 Premiership Women's Rugby Season.

In June 2021 she was confirmed in the Great Britain Rugby Sevens squad for the delayed 2020 Summer Games in Tokyo. She was named in the England squad for the 2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens – Women's tournament held in Cape Town, South Africa in September 2022. She was a selected as a member of the GB sevens squad for the 2023 European Games. Great Britain won a gold medal at the event and sealed qualification for the 2024 Olympic Games. In June 2024, she was named in the British squad for the Olympic Games. The team finished seventh.

## InfoBox

Emma Uren
| Emma Uren at the 2022 Commonwealth Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1997-10-01) 1 October 1997 |
| Height | 1.72 m (5 ft 8 in) |
| Weight | 68 kg (150 lb) |
| Rugby union career | |
| Senior career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  Saracens Women   ()  2023- Trailfinders Women   ()  National sevens teams  **Years** **Team**  **Comps**  2019–  England    2021–  Great Britain    Correct as of 01 August 2021 | |
| Medal record      Women's rugby sevens  Representing  Great Britain  European Games  2023 Kraków–Małopolska Team competition | |


title: Euglandina binneyana

abstract: Euglandina binneyana is a species of large predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae.

text:
# Euglandina binneyana

***Euglandina binneyana*** is a species of large predatory air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Spiraxidae.

## InfoBox

| *Euglandina binneyana* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Spiraxidae |
| Genus: | *Euglandina* |
| Species: | ***E. binneyana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Euglandina binneyana***<br>(Pfeiffer, 1845) | |
|


title: Enoploteuthoidea

abstract: Enoploteuthoidea is a superfamily of squid in the order Oegopsida.

text:
# Enoploteuthoidea

**Enoploteuthoidea** is a superfamily of squid in the order Oegopsida.

## Families and genera

It contains the following families:

## InfoBox

| Enoploteuthoidea | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Firefly squid (*Watasenia scintillans*) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Cephalopoda |
| Order: | Oegopsida |
| Superfamily: | Enoploteuthoidea<br>Pfeffer, 1900 |
|
| Families | |
|  | |


title: 2008 Tour de Corse

abstract: The 2008 Tour de Corse was the thirteenth round of the 2008 World Rally Championship season. The event was won by Citroën driver Sébastien Loeb for the fourth year in succession. It was his tenth victory of the season and gave him a fourteen-point lead in the drivers table with just two rallies left in the season. Ford driver Mikko Hirvonen finished in second place after team orders issued by the Ford team forced François Duval and Jari-Matti Latvala to drop behind him, in order to improve his championship hopes.

text:
# 2008 Tour de Corse

The **2008 Tour de Corse** was the thirteenth round of the 2008 World Rally Championship season. The event was won by Citroën driver Sébastien Loeb for the fourth year in succession. It was his tenth victory of the season and gave him a fourteen-point lead in the drivers table with just two rallies left in the season. Ford driver Mikko Hirvonen finished in second place after team orders issued by the Ford team forced François Duval and Jari-Matti Latvala to drop behind him, in order to improve his championship hopes.

## Results

| Pos. | Driver | Co-driver | Car | Time | Difference | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| WRC | | | | | | |
| 1. | Sébastien Loeb | Daniel Elena | Citroën C4 WRC | 3:42:58.0 | 0.0 | 10 |
| 2. | Mikko Hirvonen | Jarmo Lehtinen | Ford Focus RS WRC 08 | 3:46:22.7 | 3:24.7 | 8 |
| 3. | François Duval | Patrick Pivato | Ford Focus RS WRC 08 | 3:46:29.6 | 3:31.6 | 6 |
| 4. | Jari-Matti Latvala | Miikka Anttila | Ford Focus RS WRC 07 | 3:46:35.5 | 3:37.5 | 5 |
| 5. | Petter Solberg | Phil Mills | Subaru Impreza WRC2008 | 3:48:33.4 | 5:35.4 | 4 |
| 6. | Chris Atkinson | Stéphane Prévot | Subaru Impreza WRC2008 | 3:49:08.4 | 6:10.4 | 3 |
| 7. | Urmo Aava | Kuldar Sikk | Citroën C4 WRC | 3:50:23.2 | 7:25.2 | 2 |
| 8. | Matthew Wilson | Scott Martin | Ford Focus RS WRC 07 | 3:52:00.2 | 9:02.2 | 1 |
| JWRC | | | | | | |
| 1. (19.) | Martin Prokop | Jan Tománek | Citroën C2 S1600 | 4:04:43.9 | 0.0 | 10 |
| 2. (20.) | Sébastien Ogier | Julien Ingrassia | Citroën C2 S1600 | 4:05:01.6 | 17.7 | 8 |
| 3. (21.) | Pierre Campana | Samuel Teissier | Renault Clio R3 | 4:05:37.2 | 53.3 | 6 |

## Special Stages

All dates and times are CEST (UTC+2).

| Day | Stage | Time | Name | Length | Winner | Time | Rally leader |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1
(10 October) | SS1 | 9:18 | Acqua Doria-Serra di Ferro 1 | 15.92 km | Sébastien Loeb | 9:27.4 | Sébastien Loeb |
| | SS2 | 10:11 | Portigliolo-Bocca Albitrina 1 | 16.62 km | Sébastien Loeb | | 9:21.9 |
| | SS3 | 11:09 | Arbellara-Aullene 1 | 27.42 km | Sébastien Loeb | | 15:51.4 |
| | SS4 | 14:37 | Acqua Doria-Serra di Ferro 2 | 15.92 km | Sébastien Loeb | | 9:32.2 |
| | SS5 | 15:30 | Portigliolo-Bocca Albitrina 2 | 16.62 km | Sébastien Loeb | | 9:22.5 |
| | SS6 | 16:28 | Arbellara-Aullene 2 | 27.42 km | Sébastien Loeb | | 15:48.9 |
| 2
(11 October) | SS7 | 8:48 | Carbuccia-Scalella 1 | 21.88 km | Sébastien Loeb | | 14:26.3 |
| | SS8 | 10:21 | Calcatoggio Du Liamone 1 | 24.95 km | Sébastien Loeb | | 17:09.2 |
| | SS9 | 11:19 | Appricciani-Coggia 1 | 14:37 km | Sébastien Loeb | | 9:23.9 |
| | SS10 | 14:02 | Carbuccia-Scalella 2 | 21.88 km | Sébastien Loeb | | 14:33.6 |
| | SS11 | 15:35 | Calcatoggio Du Liamone 2 | 24.95 km | Sébastien Loeb | | 17:08.0 |
| | SS12 | 16:33 | Appricciani-Coggia 2 | 14.37 km | François Duval | | 9:21.3 |
| 3
(12 October) | SS13 | 8:43 | Agosta-Pont De Calzola 1 | 31.81 km | Sébastien Loeb | | 19:10.2 |
| | SS14 | 9:36 | Pietra Rossa-Verghia 1 | 26.32 km | Sébastien Loeb | | 16:25.6 |
| | SS15 | 12:14 | Agosta-Pont De Calzola 2 | 31.81 km | Jari-Matti Latvala
Sébastien Loeb | | 19:22.0 |
| | SS16 | 13:07 | Pietra Rossa-Verghia 2 | 26.32 km | Mikko Hirvonen | | 16:27.4 |
|

## Championship standings after the event

### Drivers' championship

| Pos Driver MON
 SWE
 MEX
 ARG
 JOR
 ITA
 GRC
 TUR
 FIN
 GER
 NZL
 ESP
 FRA
 JPN
 GBR
  Pts   1  Sébastien Loeb 1 Ret 1 1 10 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1   **106**  2  Mikko Hirvonen 2 2 4 5 1 2 3 1 2 4 3 3 2   **92**  3  Dani Sordo 11 6 17 3 2 5 5 4 4 2 2 2 Ret   **59**  4  Chris Atkinson 3 21 2 2 3 6 Ret 13 3 6 Ret 7 6   **45**  5  Jari-Matti Latvala 12 1 3 15 7 3 7 2 39 9 Ret 6 4   **42**  6  Petter Solberg 5 4 12 Ret Ret 10 2 6 6 5 4 5 5   **40**  7  François Duval 4         3 Ret 4 3   **22**  8  Henning Solberg 9 13 5 Ret 4 7 8 5 5 7 9 11 15   **22**  9  Gigi Galli 6 3 Ret 7 8 4 Ret Ret Ret Ret Inj Inj Inj   **17**  10  Urmo Aava  18   Ret 8 4 Ret 16 8 5 35 7   **13**  11  Matthew Wilson 10 Ret 6 Ret 5 12 6 7 9 12 17 9 8    12  Federico Villagra   7 6 6 14 13 9 Ret  8 12    **9**  13  Conrad Rautenbach Ret 16 16 4 26 13 10 8 10 10 Ret Ret 14   **6**  14  Andreas Mikkelsen  5    Ret  19 12 11  8 11   **5**  15  Toni Gardemeister Ret 7 Ret Ret Ret Ret 9 Ret 8 10 7 13 13    16  Per-Gunnar Andersson 8 Ret Ret 24 Ret 9 11 Ret Ret 15 6 32 17   **4**  17  Jean-Marie Cuoq 7               **2**  Matti Rantanen         7        19  Juho Hänninen  8     21  13  14 29 24   **1**  Sébastien Ogier   8  11 22   36 19  Ret 20    Andreas Aigner  31  8   14 11 Ret  Ret      Pos Driver MON
 SWE
 MEX
 ARG
 JOR
 ITA
 GRC
 TUR
 FIN
 GER
 NZL
 ESP
 FRA
 JPN
 GBR
 Pts | Key  Colour Result  Gold Winner  Silver 2nd place  Bronze 3rd place  Green Points finish  Blue Non-points finish  Non-classified finish (NC)  Purple Did not finish (Ret)  Black Excluded (EX)  Disqualified (DSQ)  White Did not start (DNS)  Cancelled (C)  Blank Withdrew entry from
the event (WD) |
| --- | --- |

### Manufacturers' championship

| Rank | Team | Event | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total
points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | MON
 | SWE
 | MEX
 | ARG
 | JOR
 | ITA
 | GRC
 | TUR
 | FIN
 | GER
 | NZL
 | ESP
 | FRA
 | JPN
 | GBR
 | |
| 1 | Citroën Total World Rally Team | 11 | 4 | 10 | 16 | 9 | 14 | 15 | 11 | 15 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 10 | - | - | 169 |
| 2 | BP Ford World Rally Team | 8 | 18 | 11 | 7 | 13 | 14 | 10 | 18 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 11 | 14 | - | - | 146 |
| 3 | Subaru World Rally Team | 10 | 6 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 7 | - | - | 87 |
| 4 | Stobart M-Sport Ford Rally Team | 8 | 8 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 7 | - | - | 62 |
| 5 | Munchi's Ford World Rally Team | 0 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | - | - | 22 |
| 6 | Suzuki World Rally Team | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 1 | - | - | 21 |

### Junior championship

| Pos | Driver | MEX
 | JOR
 | ITA
 | FIN
 | GER
 | ESP
 | FRA
 | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Sébastien Ogier | 1 | 1 | 5 |  | 1 | Ret | 2 | **42** |
| 2 | Aaron Burkart | 4 |  | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 5 | **34** |
| 3 | Martin Prokop | 7 |  | 10 | 1 | Ret | 1 | 1 | **32** |
| 4 | Shaun Gallagher | 6 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 |  | **30** |
| 5 | Michał Kościuszko | 3 | Ret | 1 | 3 |  | 9 | Ret | **22** |
| 6 | Alessandro Bettega |  | Ret | 2 | Ret | 3 | 2 | | Ret |
| 7 | Patrik Sandell | 5 | Ret | 7 | 2 |  | 5 | | 6 |
| 8 | Jaan Mölder | 2 | Ret | 9 | Ret |  | 6 | 11 | **11** |
| 9 | Stefano Albertini |  | 5 | 6 | 13 | 10 | 7 | 9 | **9** |
| 10 | Gilles Schammel |  | 3 | 12 | 7 | Ret | Ret | 10 | **8** |
| 11 | Simone Bertolotti |  | 6 | Ret | 10 | 5 | 8 | | Ret |
| 12 | Florian Niegel |  | 4 | Ret | 9 | 8 | 10 | | 7 |
| 13 | Kevin Abbring |  | Ret | Ret | 6 | 6 | 11 | 8 | **7** |
| 14 | Pierre Campana |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 | **6** |
| 15 | Pierre Marché |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4 | **5** |
| 16 | Andrea Cortinovis |  | 7 | 11 | DNS | 7 | DNS | DNS | **4** |
| 17 | Hans Weijs, Jr. |  | Ret | 8 | 8 | Ret | Ret | 12 | **2** |
| 18 | Francesco Fanari | 8 | 9 | 13 | 12 | 9 | Ret |  | **1** |
| 19 | Miloš Komljenović | Ret | 8 | Ret | 11 |  |  | |  |
| Pos | Driver | MEX
 | JOR
 | ITA
 | FIN
 | GER
 | ESP
 | FRA
 | Pts |

## InfoBox

| 2008 Tour de Corse
*52ème Tour de Corse - Rallye de France* | |
| --- | --- |
| Round 13 of the 2008 World Rally Championship  Previous event Next event | |
| Rally base | Ajaccio |
| Dates run | October 10  12 2008 |
| Stages | 16 (359.02 km; 223.08 miles) |
| Stage surface | Tarmac |
| Overall distance | 1,094.28 km (679.95 miles) |
| Statistics | |
| Crews | 71 at start, 54 at finish |
| Overall results | |
| Overall winner | Sébastien Loeb
Citroën Total World Rally Team |


title: Arthur Sleith

abstract: Arthur Joseph Sleith was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Carlton Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

text:
# Arthur Sleith

**Arthur Joseph Sleith** (22 December 1917 – 17 December 2008) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Carlton Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## InfoBox

| Arthur Sleith | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Arthur Joseph Sleith | | |
| Date of birth | (1917-12-22)22 December 1917 | | |
| Place of birth | Murtoa, Victoria | | |
| Date of death | 17 December 2008(2008-12-17) (aged 90) | | |
| Original team(s) | Preston | | |
| Height | 183 cm (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Weight | 79 kg (174 lb) | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1942–1943 | Carlton | 5 (0) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1943. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


abstract: Group D of the 2014 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I was one of four pools in the Europe/Africa zone of the 2014 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team and the bottom team proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to the World Group II Play-offs, while the bottom team faced potential relegation to Group II.

text:
# 2014 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I – Pool D

**Group D** of the **2014 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I** was one of four pools in the Europe/Africa zone of the 2014 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team and the bottom team proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to the World Group II Play-offs, while the bottom team faced potential relegation to Group II.

## Standings

|  |  | BLR | BUL | POR | TUR | RR
W–L | Match
W–L | Set
W–L | Game
W–L | Standings |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 22 | Belarus |  | **2–1** | **3–0** | **3–0** | 3–0 | 8–1 | 17–3 | 116–70 | 1 |
| 27 | Bulgaria | 1–2 |  | 1–2 | 1–2 | 0–3 | 3–6 | 9–14 | 101–120 | 4 |
| 35 | Portugal | 0–3 | **2–1** |  | **2–1** | 2–1 | 4–5 | 8–13 | 85–105 | 2 |
| 39 | Turkey | 0–3 | **2–1** | 1–2 |  | 1–2 | 3–6 | 9–13 | 104–111 | 3 |

## Round-robin

### Belarus vs. Turkey

|
Belarus
3 | Syma Sport and Events Centre, Budapest, Hungary
4 February 2014
Hard (indoors) | |
Turkey
0 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 2 3   1
 **Aliaksandra Sasnovich**
Pemra Özgen **6**
4 **6**
3      2
 **Olga Govortsova**
Çağla Büyükakçay **7**
5 3
**6**  **78**
66    3
 **Ilona Kremen / Iryna Shymanovich**
Çağla Büyükakçay / Pemra Özgen **7**
5 **6**
1 | | | |

### Bulgaria vs. Portugal

|
Bulgaria
1 | Syma Sport and Events Centre, Budapest, Hungary
4 February 2014
Hard (indoors) | |
Portugal
2 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 2 3   1
 Isabella Shinikova
**Maria João Koehler** **6**
3 1
**6**  4
**6**     2
 Elitsa Kostova
**Michelle Larcher de Brito** **6**
4 2
**6**  63
**77**    3
 **Isabella Shinikova / Viktoriya Tomova**
Bárbara Luz / Inês Murta **6**
2 **7**
5 | | | |

### Belarus vs. Portugal

|
Belarus
3 | Syma Sport and Events Centre, Budapest, Hungary
6 February 2014
Hard (indoors) | |
Portugal
0 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 2 3   1
 **Aliaksandra Sasnovich**
Maria João Koehler **6**
3 **6**
4      2
 **Olga Govortsova**
Michelle Larcher de Brito **6**
1 **6**
3      3
 **Ilona Kremen / Iryna Shymanovich**
Michelle Larcher de Brito / Bárbara Luz **6**
1 **6**
0 | | | |

### Bulgaria vs. Turkey

|
Bulgaria
1 | Syma Sport and Events Centre, Budapest, Hungary
6 February 2014
Hard (indoors) | |
Turkey
2 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 2 3   1
 **Isabella Shinikova**
Pemra Özgen **6**
2 3
**6**  **6**
4    2
 Elitsa Kostova
**Çağla Büyükakçay** 63
**77** 1
**6**       3
 Elitsa Kostova / Isabella Shinikova
**Çağla Büyükakçay / Pemra Özgen** **7**
5 1
**6**  5
**7** | | | |

### Belarus vs. Bulgaria

|
Belarus
2 | Syma Sport and Events Centre, Budapest, Hungary
7 February 2014
Hard (indoors) | |
Bulgaria
1 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 2 3   1
 **Aliaksandra Sasnovich**
Borislava Botusharova **6**
1 **6**
3      2
 **Olga Govortsova**
Viktoriya Tomova **6**
3 **6**
4      3
 Ilona Kremen / Iryna Shymanovich
**Elitsa Kostova / Viktoriya Tomova** **6**
4 3
**6**  5
**7** | | | |

### Portugal vs. Turkey

|
Portugal
2 | Syma Sport and Events Centre, Budapest, Hungary
7 February 2014
Hard (indoors) | |
Turkey
1 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 2 3   1
 Bárbara Luz
**İpek Soylu** 63
**77** 2
**6**       2
 **Michelle Larcher de Brito**
Çağla Büyükakçay **6**
4 **6**
2      3
 **Michelle Larcher de Brito / Bárbara Luz**
Çağla Büyükakçay / Pemra Özgen 2
**6**  **6**
3 **6**
3 | | | |


title: 1981 World Endurance Championship

abstract: The 1981 World Sportscar Championship season was the 29th season of FIA World Sportscar Championship motor racing. It featured the 1981 FIA World Endurance Championship which was contested over a fifteen race series which ran from 31 January to 27 September. The former World Challenge for Endurance Drivers was renamed to the World Endurance Championship of Drivers for 1981 and the World Championship of Makes was renamed to the World Endurance Championship of Makes. Bob Garretson won the World Endurance Championship of Drivers and Lancia was awarded the World Endurance Championship of Makes.

text:
# 1981 World Endurance Championship

The **1981 World Sportscar Championship season** was the 29th season of FIA World Sportscar Championship motor racing. It featured the 1981 FIA World Endurance Championship which was contested over a fifteen race series which ran from 31 January to 27 September. The former World Challenge for Endurance Drivers was renamed to the World Endurance Championship of Drivers for 1981 and the World Championship of Makes was renamed to the World Endurance Championship of Makes. Bob Garretson won the World Endurance Championship of Drivers and Lancia was awarded the World Endurance Championship of Makes.

## Schedule

World Endurance Championship of Drivers was contested over all fifteen races however only six of the races counted towards the World Endurance Championship of Makes.

| Drivers Rd. | Makes Rd. | Race | Circuit | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | 24 Hours Pepsi Challenge | Daytona International Speedway | 31 January
1 February |
| 2 | - | Coca-Cola 12 Hours of Sebring | Sebring International Raceway | 21 March |
| 3 | - | Mugello 6 Hours | Mugello Circuit | 12 April |
| 4 | 2 | 1000km Monza | Autodromo Nazionale Monza | 26 April |
| 5 | - | Los Angeles Times Toyota Grand Prix (6 Hours) | Riverside International Raceway | 26 April |
| 6 | 3 | Silverstone 6 Hours | Silverstone Circuit | 10 May |
| 7 | 4 | 1000km Nürburgring | Nürburgring | 24 May |
| 8 | 5 | 24 Hours of Le Mans | Circuit de la Sarthe | 13 June
14 June |
| 9 | - | Coppa Florio (6 Hours) | Autodromo di Pergusa | 28 June |
| 10 | - | 6 Hours of Daytona Champion Spark Plug Challenge | Daytona International Speedway | 2 July |
| 11 | 6 | 6 Hours of Watkins Glen | Watkins Glen International | 12 July |
| 12 | - | 24 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps | Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps | 26 July
27 July |
| 13 | - | Molson 1000 Kilometres (6 Hours) | Mosport Park | 16 August |
| 14 | - | Pabst 500 Miles | Road America | 23 August |
| 15 | - | Flying Tigers 1000 Kilometres | Brands Hatch | 27 September |

## Season results

Although various classes of cars contested the championship races, only the overall race winners are listed in the table below.

| Rnd | Circuit | Overall Winning Team | Results |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Overall Winning Drivers | |
| | | Overall Winning Car | |
| 1 | Daytona | **#9 Garretson Racing** | Results |
| | Bob Garretson
Bobby Rahal
Brian Redman | |
| | Porsche 935 | |
| 2 | Sebring | **#86 Bayside Disposal Racing** | Results |
| | Al Holbert
Hurley Haywood
Bruce Leven | |
| | Porsche 935 | |
| 3 | Mugello | **#14 Osella Squadra Corse** | Results |
| | Giorgio Francia
Lella Lombardi | |
| | Osella PA9 BMW | |
| 4 | Monza | **#3 Weralit Racing Team** | Results |
| | Edgar Dören
Jürgen Lässig
Gerhard Holup | |
| | Porsche 935 | |
| 5 | Riverside | **#1 John Fitzpatrick Racing** | Results |
| | John Fitzpatrick
Jim Busby | |
| | Porsche 935 K3 | |
| 6 | Silverstone | **#22 Vegla Racing Team** | Results |
| | Harald Grohs
Walter Röhrl
Dieter Schornstein | |
| | Porsche 935 | |
| 7 | Nürburgring | **#12 GS Tuning** | Results |
| | Hans-Joachim Stuck
Nelson Piquet | |
| | BMW M1 | |
| 8 | La Sarthe | **#11 Porsche System** | Results |
| | Jacky Ickx
Derek Bell | |
| | Porsche 936/81 | |
| 9 | Pergusa | **#3 Grid Team Lola** | Results |
| | Guy Edwards
Emilio de Villota | |
| | Lola T600 Ford Cosworth DFV | |
| 10 | Daytona | **#38 Mandeville Racing** | Results |
| | Roger Mandeville
Amos Johnson | |
| | Mazda RX-7 | |
| 11 | Watkins Glen | **#1 Martini Racing** | Results |
| | Riccardo Patrese
Michele Alboreto | |
| | Lancia Beta Montecarlo | |
| 12 | Spa | **#40 Tom Walkinshaw Racing** | Results |
| | Tom Walkinshaw
Pierre Dieudonné | |
| | Mazda RX-7 | |
| 13 | Mosport | **#3 Andial Meister Racing** | Results |
| | Harald Grohs
Rolf Stommelen | |
| | Porsche 935 | |
| 14 | Road America | **#3 Andial Meister Racing** | Results |
| | Harald Grohs
Rolf Stommelen | |
| | Porsche 935 | |
| 15 | Brands Hatch | **#3 Banco Occidental Ultramar Lola** | Results |
| | Guy Edwards
Emilio de Villota | |
| | Lola T600 Ford Cosworth DFL | |

* The 24 Hours of Daytona, the 12 Hours of Sebring, the Los Angeles Times Grand Prix and the Road America 500 were also rounds of the 1981 IMSA GT Championship.
* The 6 Hours of Daytona was restricted to Racing Stock class cars (i.e. IMSA RS).
* The 24 Hours of Spa was restricted to Belgian Touring Cars (i.e. Group 1).

## World Endurance Championship of Drivers

The World Endurance Championship of Drivers was open to FIA Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, Group 4, Group 5, Group 6, Group C and GTP cars and to IMSA GTX, IMSA GTP, IMSA AAGT, IMSA GTO, IMSA GTU and IMSA RS cars.

Drivers Championship points were awarded on a 20-19-18-17-16-15-14-13-12-11-10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1 basis to the first twenty overall finishers at each round. Bonus points were also awarded as follows:

* 0 points for Category 1 (Group 6 over 2 litres)
* 1 point for Category 2 (Group 5 over 2 litres, GTP over 2 litres, Group C over 2 litres, IMSA GTX over 2 litres, IMSA GTP over 2 litres, IMSA AAGT)
* 2 points for Category 3 (Group 6 under 2 litres, Group 5 under 2 litres, Group 4 under 2 litres, IMSA GTO, IMSA GTX under 2 litres)
* 3 points for Category 4 (GTP under 2 litres, Group 2 over 2 litres, IMSA GTU, Group C under 2 litres)
* 4 points for Category 5 (Group 4 under 2 litres, Group 1 over 2 litres)
* 5 points for Category 6 (Group 2 under 2 litres, Group 1 under 2 litres, IMSA RS)

Only half points were awarded at the shortened Nürburgring round. All points scored were retained towards the championship totals.

### Results

| Position | Driver | Car | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Bob Garretson | Porsche 935 K3 & 935 | 127 |
| 2 | Harald Grohs | Porsche 935 & 935 K3 | 116.5 |
| 3 | Bobby Rahal | Porsche 935 K3 & 935/78-81 | 109 |
| 4 | Edgar Dören | Porsche 935 K3 & Porsche 935 | 107.5 |
| 5 | Giorgio Francia | Osella PA9 BMW | 101 |
| = | Lella Lombardi | Osella PA9 BMW | 101 |
| 7 | Derek Bell | BMW M1 & Porsche 935 | 96 |
| 8 | Bob Akin | Porsche 935 K3 & 935 | 84 |
| 9 | Jim Busby | Porsche 935 K3 & 935 | 81 |
| 10 | Brian Redman | Porsche 935 K3 & Lola T600 | 80 |
| 11 | John C Cooper | Porsche 935 K3 & Chevrolet Camaro | 73.5 |
| 12 | John Fitzpatrick | Porsche 935 K3 & 935 | 71 |
| 13 | Dudley Wood | Porsche 935 K3 | 67 |
| 14 | Hurley Haywood | Porsche 935 & Mazda RX-3 | 65 |
| 15 | Lee Mueller | Mazda RX-7 | 63 |
| 16 | Rolf Stommelen | Porsche 935 K3 | 60 |
| = | Walt Bohren | Mazda RX-7 | 60 |
| 18 | Jürgen Lässig | Porsche 935 K3 & BMW M1 | 56.5 |
| = | Dieter Schornstein | Porsche 935 | 56.5 |
| 20 | Ralph Kent Cooke | Porsche 935 K3 & 935 | 54 |
| 21 | Marion L Speer | Mazda RX-7 & Porsche 914/6 | 53 |
| = | Emilio de Villota | Lola T600 Ford | 53 |
| = | Bill Whittington | Porsche 935 K3 & 935 | 53 |
| = | Guy Edwards | Lola T600 Ford | 53 |
| 25 | Roger Mandeville | Mazda RX-7, Mazda RX-3 | 52 |
| = | Amos Johnson | Mazda RX-7, Mazda RX-3 | 52 |
| 27 | Jacques Guerin | Porsche 935 & BMW 530i | 50 |
| 28 | Luigi Moreschi | Osella PA9 BMW | 49 |
| = | Carlo Franchi | Osella PA9 BMW | 49 |
| 30 | Jim Downing | Mazda RX-7, Mazda RX-3 | 46 |
| 31 | Richard Lloyd | Porsche 924 Carrera GTR | 45 |
| = | Frank Carney | Datsun ZX & Datsun 280ZX | 45 |
| = | Dick Davenport | Datsun ZX & Datsun 280ZX | 45 |
| 34 | Siegfried Brunn | Porsche 908/3 & Porsche Carrera | 44 |
| = | Eddie Jordan | Porsche 908/3 & BMW M1 | 44 |
| 36 | Pete Smith | Porsche Carrera & BMW M1 | 43 |
| = | Chuck Kendall | Porsche Carrera & BMW M1 | 43 |
| 38 | David Hobbs | BMW M1 & March 81P | 42 |
| 39 | Jean-Claude Andruet | Ferrari 512 BB/LM & BMW 530i | 41 |
| = | Gianpiero Moretti | Porsche 935/78-81 | 41 |
| = | Tom Walkinshaw | Mazda RX-7 | 41 |
| 42 | Ray Ratcliff | Porsche 914/6 & Mazda RX-7 | 40.5 |
| 43 | Tony Garcia | BMW M1 & Porsche Carrera | 40 |
| = | Hiram Cruz | BMW M1 & Porsche Carrera | 40 |
| = | Albert Naon | BMW M1 & Porsche Carrera | 40 |
| 46 | Dirk Vermeersch | Mazda RX-7 & BMW 530i | 39 |
| = | Eddy Joosen | Mazda RX-7 & BMW 530i | 39 |
| 48 | Pierre Dieudonné | Mazda RX-7 & Ferrari 512 BB/LM | 38 |
| = | Roy Woods | Porsche 935 K3 & 935 | 38 |
| = | Bruce Leven | Porsche 935 | 38 |

A total of 371 drivers scored points in the 1981 World Endurance Championship of Drivers.

## World Endurance Championship of Makes

The World Endurance Championship of Makes was open FIA Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, Group 4 and Group 5 cars and to IMSA GTX cars.

Cars from all eligible groups were combined, and then divided into two Divisions based on engine capacity. Points were awarded on a 20-15-12-10-8-6-4-3-2-1 basis for the top ten places in each Division at each race. Only the best placed car of each make in each division at each race was eligible to score points. Cars from groups not included in the championship (e.g. FIA Group 6 cars) were disregarded when assessing divisional positions for championship purposes. Only half points were awarded for the shortened Nurburgring race. The best five round results could be retained by each make.

### Results

The overall World Endurance Championship of Makes title was won by Lancia. Although both Lancia and Porsche scored 100 points from their best five class results, Lancia was awarded the title based on its six divisional victories against the five scored by Porsche .

#### Over 2000 cc

| Pos | Manufacturer | Rd 1 | Rd 2 | Rd 3 | Rd 4 | Rd 5 | Rd 6 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Porsche | 20 | 20 | 20 | (7.5) | 20 | 20 | **100** |
| 2 | BMW | 8 | 15 | 15 | 10 | 4 |  | **52** |
| 3 | Ferrari |  | 3 |  |  | 15 |  | **15** |
| 4 | Lancia |  |  |  | 6 |  |  | **6** |
| 5 | Morgan |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | **2** |

#### Under 2000 cc

| Pos | Manufacturer | Rd 1 | Rd 2 | Rd 3 | Rd 4 | Rd 5 | Rd 6 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Lancia | 20 | 20 | 20 | (10) | 20 | 20 | **100** |
| 2 | BMW |  |  | 15 | 7.5 |  |  | **22.5** |
| 3 | Opel |  |  |  | 5 |  |  | **5** |
| 4 | Ford |  |  |  | 4 |  |  | **4** |
| 5 | Toyota |  |  |  | 2 |  |  | **2** |
| 6 | Alfa Romeo |  |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | **0.5** |

1. Results, World Endurance Championship of Drivers / World Endurance Championship of Makes, Autocourse, 1981/82, pages 247 & 248
2. János L Wimpffen, Time and Two Seats, 1999, page 1325
3. Endurance Racing Supplement, page 8, Autosport, December 1981
4. János L Wimpffen, Time and Two Seats, 1999, page 1330
5. János L Wimpffen, Time and Two Seats, 1999, page 1342
6. World Championship - final positions and tables, www.classicscars.com Retrieved on 27 January 2013
7. Peter Higham, The Guinness Guide to International Motor Racing, 1995, page 260

## Further reading

* *Automobile Year, 1981/1982*. 1982.


title: Attack on Kennedy Road

abstract: The attack on Kennedy Road in Durban, South Africa, occurred on 26 September 2009. A mob of men armed with bush knives, guns and bottles entered the Kennedy Road informal settlement searching for leaders of the shackdwellers movement Abahlali baseMjondolo (AbM). They looted shacks and threatened residents, before attacking a hall where a youth meeting was happening. Two people were killed and around a thousand were displaced. In the aftermath, AbM representatives such as S'bu Zikode went into hiding and thirteen AbM members were arrested. The attack was immediately condemned by academics and church leaders, and Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International later expressed concerns. The trial of the Kennedy 12 experienced delays, leading the Centre for Constitutional Rights and Amnesty to raise questions about the process. In 2011, all the charges were dropped; AbM then sued the local police and the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality. The incident is regarded as an attack by the police and the local branch of the African National Congress (ANC) against the AbM movement.

text:
# Attack on Kennedy Road

class=notpageimage|Kennedy Road informal settlement on map of KwaZulu-Natal

The **attack on Kennedy Road** in Durban, South Africa, occurred on 26 September 2009. A mob of men armed with bush knives, guns and bottles entered the Kennedy Road informal settlement searching for leaders of the shackdwellers movement Abahlali baseMjondolo (AbM). They looted shacks and threatened residents, before attacking a hall where a youth meeting was happening. Two people were killed and around a thousand were displaced. In the aftermath, AbM representatives such as S'bu Zikode went into hiding and thirteen AbM members were arrested.

The attack was immediately condemned by academics and church leaders, and Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International later expressed concerns. The trial of the Kennedy 12 experienced delays, leading the Centre for Constitutional Rights and Amnesty to raise questions about the process. In 2011, all the charges were dropped; AbM then sued the local police and the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality. The incident is regarded as an attack by the police and the local branch of the African National Congress (ANC) against the AbM movement.

## Attack

In 2009, an estimated 10,000 people were living at Kennedy Road, one of many informal settlements in Durban. The shackdwellers movement Abahlali baseMjondolo (AbM) had been founded at Kennedy Road and campaigned on issues such as better sanitation, which brought it into conflict with the ruling African National Congress (ANC). On Saturday 26 September 2009, a weekend of Heritage Day events began at Kennedy Road, with an AbM youth camp. At around 22:30, a mob armed with pangas, sjamboks, guns and bottles entered the settlement. The men woke residents up by banging on their doors and made threats whilst searching for AbM leaders such as Lindela Figlan and S'bu Zikode. Figlan had received warnings that his life was in danger and was forced to hide in his shack with his wife and 3-year-old daughter. He was saved by locking his door from the outside, so it appeared that he was not at home. The mob shouted that Mpondo people were taking over the settlement from Zulu people. The police were called by residents, but did not come. At around 01:00, about fifty armed men approached the hall where the youth camp was taking place. The police came and by 03:00 the mob had dispersed. The attack was witnessed by the makers of the film *Dear Mandela*.

At around 03:30, the mob returned to the hall, smashing its windows and entering inside. Two people were killed in the ensuing disorder. Later, shacks belonging to members of the Kennedy Road Development Committee (KRDC) were demolished and others were looted by men shouting "Down with Abahlali! Down with the KRDC!". An estimated one thousand inhabitants fled after being threatened with violence and rape, as the violence continued into the next day. Both Figlan and Zikode (who was not present) went into hiding.

In the aftermath, nobody from the mob was arrested but thirteen members of AbM were arrested and charged with murder. Eight were granted bail and five were remanded.

## Reactions

On Monday 28 September, a letter from South African academics was published which condemned the attack and raised concerns that local police and ANC members had colluded with the mob. Signatories included the academics John Dugard, Steven Friedman, Marie Huchzermeyer, Martin Legassick, Michael Neocosmos and Peter Vale. Jacob Zuma, President of South Africa, was heckled when making speeches and Edwin Ronald Makue, representing the South African Council of Churches (SACC), called it "an attack on democracy".

The Congress of the People (COPE) party claimed that the two murdered men were members of their group and that they had been killed by people from the ANC. COPE was an offshoot from the ANC and there were tensions between the groups; the slogans shouted by the mob about supporting Zulu people were taken to be a coded message for supporting the ANC. The local authorities blamed vigilantes connected to Abahlali baseMjondolo for the violence. A representative of KwaZulu-Natal province said to the *Mail & Guardian* newspaper that the "underlying cause for the violence was criminal". The KwaZulu-Natal Department of Safety and Security held meetings at Kennedy Road for stakeholders which were condemned as unrepresentative by church leaders, AbM and the *Mail & Guardian*, the latter describing them as "a sham" and an "exercise in speaking with forked tongues". Internationally, intellectuals such as Noam Chomsky, Naomi Klein and Slavoj Zizek released a statement supporting AbM and groups such as Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International expressed concern about the killings.

## Court case

The trial of the Kennedy 12 began on 12 July 2010 at Durban High Court. Bishop Rubin Phillip of the Diocese of Natal wrote a statement of support in which he hoped for a fair judicial process. All twelve were charged with public violence and five also faced the charge of murder, with the rest accused of attempted murder. There were also other lesser charges.

The court case was delayed several times, leading to concerns that it was becoming a politicised trial. Amnesty wrote a report questioning the impartiality of the process, and the New York-based Centre for Constitutional Rights sent an urgent appeal to the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights Defenders to ask her to investigate the attacks on Abahlali baseMjondolo and the subsequent legal process. Journalist and former political prisoner Paul Trewhela commented that the trial had lasted longer than any case under apartheid excepting the 1956 Treason Trial, saying that "the AbM trial in Durban/eThekwini is now the most graphic faultline in the struggle to preserve democratic freedoms in South Africa".

On 18 July 2011, the entire case against the Kennedy 12 was thrown out. The Durban Regional Court magistrate stated that the prosecution witnesses "contradicted their prior statements to the police during the trial. As if that was not enough, they contradicted one another" and further described them as "belligerent", "unreliable" and "dishonest". Amnesty noted that the court had found that "police had directed some witnesses to point out members of Abahlali-linked organizations at the identification parade" and that the people whose shacks had been demolished had been unable to return to Kennedy Road.

## Legacy

The attack on Kennedy Road posed a challenge to the ability of Abahlali baseMjondolo to organise, since its leaders were forced to go underground and it was unable to hold public meetings for several months, but the group survived. The attack is seen by the Socio-Economic Rights Institute of South Africa as having been planned by local ANC members with the help of the local police. The institute launched a court case in tandem with AbM, suing the police and the municipality for their failure to intervene in the attacks. Paul Trewhela wrote:

> The scandal is that this political prosecution was ever instituted in the first place, and that it was dragged on, month after month, by magistrates, prosecution and police without a shred of reliable evidence – with plentiful evidence, rather, of manipulation and intimidation of witnesses by the police and local ANC structures.

## Notes and references


title: Emma V. Brown

abstract: Emma V. Brown was an American educator and activist for racial equality. In 1864, she became the head teacher at Lincoln School, the first public school established in Washington, D.C. for the education of black students. Brown was the daughter of Emmeline V. Brown, a widow who supported her children as a dressmaker in Georgetown. The young Brown was a star student of Myrtilla Miner, an abolitionist who ran a school for black girls in the virulently proslavery Washington region. Brown was often frustrated with Miner's open condescension toward her black charges. But she supported Miner's overall mission: In the late 1850s, Brown briefly taught at the school alongside Emily Howland. She and Howland became longtime friends and correspondents. The 16-year-old Brown, at Miner's urging, entered Oberlin College in February 1860. While there, she was active in the campus' antislavery community. She clashed with the president of the college, Charles Grandison Finney, over his opinion that the abolition of slavery was best accomplished incrementally. Brown left Oberlin in June 1861. The city's slaves had been emancipated while she was away. Upon her return, she operated the School for Colored Girls for roughly a dozens students in her mother's home in Georgetown. The house, at 3044 P Street NW, still stands today. In 1864, Washington became the first city in the South to use tax money to open a free school for black students. It opened in the Little Ebenezer United Methodist Church on Capitol Hill on March 1 with Brown as its teacher. The student body was racially segregated, but Brown, who was black or mixed-race, was assisted by a white woman, Frances W. Perkins. Perkins' salary was paid by the New England Freedman's Aid Society. Brown was paid a salary of $400 a year by the city. Brown later served as the principal of the John F. Cook School and the Sumner School. Brown was motivated to teach by her belief that education was key to elevating the status of former slaves. She often endeavored to recruit free black women in Washington's working class to attend her school. "With education we can no longer be oppressed," she wrote in an 1858 letter to the abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison. Her residence is now part of the African American Heritage Trail.

text:
# Emma V. Brown

**Emma V. Brown** (c. 1843 – 1902) was an American educator and activist for racial equality. In 1864, she became the head teacher at Lincoln School, the first public school established in Washington, D.C. for the education of black students.

Brown was the daughter of Emmeline V. Brown, a widow who supported her children as a dressmaker in Georgetown. The young Brown was a star student of Myrtilla Miner, an abolitionist who ran a school for black girls in the virulently proslavery Washington region. Brown was often frustrated with Miner's open condescension toward her black charges. But she supported Miner's overall mission: In the late 1850s, Brown briefly taught at the school alongside Emily Howland. She and Howland became longtime friends and correspondents.

The 16-year-old Brown, at Miner's urging, entered Oberlin College in February 1860. While there, she was active in the campus' antislavery community. She clashed with the president of the college, Charles Grandison Finney, over his opinion that the abolition of slavery was best accomplished incrementally.

Brown left Oberlin in June 1861. The city's slaves had been emancipated while she was away. Upon her return, she operated the School for Colored Girls for roughly a dozens students in her mother's home in Georgetown. The house, at 3044 P Street NW, still stands today.

In 1864, Washington became the first city in the South to use tax money to open a free school for black students. It opened in the Little Ebenezer United Methodist Church on Capitol Hill on March 1 with Brown as its teacher. The student body was racially segregated, but Brown, who was black or mixed-race, was assisted by a white woman, Frances W. Perkins. Perkins' salary was paid by the New England Freedman's Aid Society. Brown was paid a salary of $400 a year by the city. Brown later served as the principal of the John F. Cook School and the Sumner School.

Brown was motivated to teach by her belief that education was key to elevating the status of former slaves. She often endeavored to recruit free black women in Washington's working class to attend her school. "With education we can no longer be oppressed," she wrote in an 1858 letter to the abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison. Her residence is now part of the African American Heritage Trail.

## InfoBox

| Emma V. Brown | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Born | c. 1843 |
| Died | 1902 |
| Alma mater |  |
| Occupation |  |