title: 1925 Pittsburgh Panthers football team

abstract: The 1925 Pittsburgh Panthers football team was an American football team that represented the University of Pittsburgh as an independent during the 1925 college football season. In its second season under head coach Jock Sutherland, the team compiled an 8–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 151 to 34. The team was ranked No. 10 in the nation in the Dickinson System ratings released in January 1926. This was the Panthers' first season at Pitt Stadium, and the team played eight of its nine games there. Halfback Andy Gustafson scored the first touchdown at Pitt Stadium. He was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Tackle Ralph Chase was a consensus first-team player on the 1925 All-America team.

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# 1925 Pittsburgh Panthers football team

1925 Eastern college football independents records
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| No. 1 Dartmouth |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
| Fordham |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9 |  | 1 |  | 0 |
| No. 4 Colgate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | 0 |  | 2 |
| No. 10 Pittsburgh |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8 |  | 1 |  | 0 |
| Syracuse |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
| No. 11 Lafayette |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
| Springfield |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
| Princeton |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
| Holy Cross |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8 |  | 2 |  | 0 |
| Penn |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | 2 |  | 0 |
| Army |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | 2 |  | 0 |
| Boston College |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  | 2 |  | 0 |
| Cornell |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  | 2 |  | 0 |
| NYU |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  | 2 |  | 1 |
| Villanova |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  | 2 |  | 1 |
| Washington & Jefferson |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  | 2 |  | 1 |
| Carnegie Tech |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  | 2 |  | 1 |
| Yale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  | 2 |  | 1 |
| Bucknell |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | 3 |  | 1 |
| Columbia |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  | 3 |  | 1 |
| Muhlenberg |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  | 3 |  | 1 |
| Temple |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  | 2 |  | 2 |
| Harvard |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |  | 3 |  | 1 |
| Franklin & Marshall |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  | 4 |  | 0 |
| Brown |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  | 4 |  | 1 |
| Penn State |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |  | 4 |  | 1 |
| Buffalo |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  | 4 |  | 1 |
| St. John's |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  | 4 |  | 0 |
| Lehigh |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  | 5 |  | 1 |
| Vermont |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
| CCNY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |  | 5 |  | 0 |
| Providence |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |  | 7 |  | 0 |
| Rutgers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |  | 7 |  | 0 |
| Boston University |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 5 |  | 0 |
| Manhattan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 6 |  | 1 |
| Tufts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
| Drexel |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 7 |  | 0 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Rankings from Dickinson System | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1925 Pittsburgh Panthers football team** was an American football team that represented the University of Pittsburgh as an independent during the 1925 college football season. In its second season under head coach Jock Sutherland, the team compiled an 8–1 record and outscored opponents by a total of 151 to 34. The team was ranked No. 10 in the nation in the Dickinson System ratings released in January 1926. This was the Panthers' first season at Pitt Stadium, and the team played eight of its nine games there.

Halfback Andy Gustafson scored the first touchdown at Pitt Stadium. He was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Tackle Ralph Chase was a consensus first-team player on the 1925 All-America team.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 26 | Washington and Lee |  | W 28–0 | 20,000 - 25,000 |  |
| October 3 | Lafayette | * Pitt Stadium * Pittsburgh, PA | L 9–20 | 30,000 |  |
| October 10 | West Virginia | * Pitt Stadium * Pittsburgh, PA (rivalry) | W 15–7 | 25,000 |  |
| October 17 | Gettysburg | * Pitt Stadium * Pittsburgh, PA | W 13–0 | 25,000 |  |
| October 24 | Carnegie Tech | * Pitt Stadium * Pittsburgh, PA | W 12–0 | 40,000 |  |
| October 31 | Johns Hopkins | * Pitt Stadium * Pittsburgh, PA | W 31–0 |  |  |
| November 7 | Washington & Jefferson | * Pitt Stadium * Pittsburgh, PA | W 6–0 | 30,000 |  |
| November 14 | at Penn |  | W 14–0 | 54,000 |  |
| November 26 | Penn State | * Pitt Stadium * Pittsburgh, PA (rivalry) | W 23–7 | 50,000 |  |

## Preseason

“Although the results of Pitt's 1924 season were one loss less than those of the previous season, many of the followers of the team were bitterly disappointed. People always seem to expect wonders immediately from a new man in a new job, and these fans were not exceptions in the case of Sutherland. The wolves began to howl, and some very unfavorable comments were made. Jock did not mind the criticisms hurled at him half as much as the remarks about his boys. He was hurt by the things said about his players, whom he defended at every turn, insisting that they had done the best they could.”

“The pressure for success had to be felt by the coaching staff as 1925 would also mark the opening of the school's new magnificent $2.1 million stadium. The stadium had an original capacity of 69,400. The problem with the facility was the original budget called for the stadium to be constructed for almost half that amount, $1.1 million. Chancellor Bowman was incensed at the increased debt that had occurred and he named an athletic director...Don Harrison, to oversee the department and rein in an out-of-control football program.” The Panthers scheduled high-level opponents and recruited top-notch talent by offering an average of $55.00 a month plus tuition and books. “In essence they were paying players to play college football, a situation that as years went on would cause the university major issues. The strategy worked incredibly, better than probably Sutherland and Harrison could have hoped.”

In early April, Coach Sutherland ran his second spring football practice session. “The spring practice was productive of much good and everyone was pleased with the fine spirit the men displayed and the way they entered into the practice work. Coach Sutherland urged all the candidates to get in some sort of athletic work for the rest of the year and many will be out for the track team.”

“The University of Pittsburgh football squad formally opened its most important season – stadium year – at Camp Hamilton this afternoon (August 31) when 84 men, players, managers and coaches arrived tonight for a late dinner in camp. The squad traveled in a special car over the Pennsylvania lines to Johnstown, rode to Windber on a chartered street car, then to this site in 20 automobiles donated by the townspeople.” Coach Sutherland's second preseason camp workouts ended on Saturday, September 19, so the squad could return to Pittsburgh for the start of classes on Monday.

"The contractors on the stadium have completed their work, up to schedule. The big structure is all spick and span, and next Saturday it is the hope of the management that it will be crowded to the exits.” The stadium (seventh largest in the country) is immense – it covers more than 9 acres of area; it is 791 feet long and 617 feet wide and it has 36 sections for seating with 55 rows of seats (17 miles of seats). “In construction 2,200 tons of structural steel, 1,000 tons of reinforcing steel, and 20,000 cubic yards of concrete were used.” The stadium will also be used by the baseball, basketball, track, and tennis teams.

## Coaching staff

| **1925 Pittsburgh Panthers football staff** | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | | | | | | | |
|  | **Coaching staff** |  |  | **Support staff*** Axel J. Anderson– student football manager * Thomas R. Kendrick – team physician * Ollie DeVictor – team trainer * Karl E. Davis – graduate manager of athletics * George I. Carson – assistant graduate manager |

## Roster

## Game summaries

### Washington & Lee

**Week 1: Washington & Lee at Pitt**
| 1 2 3 4 Total  Washington & Lee 0 0 0 0 0  Pitt 7 14 0 7 **28**   * **Date:** September 26, 1925 * **Location:** Pitt Stadium
Pittsburgh, PA * **Game start:** 2:30 p.m. * **Game attendance:** 20,000-25,000 * **Game weather:** sunny * **Referee:** Walter Eckersall (University of Chicago) |
| --- |

The Pitt Panthers welcomed the Washington & Lee Generals to inaugurate their new stadium. This was the only time the schools met on the gridiron. James DeHart, a 4-sport letter winner at Pitt and teammate of Coach Sutherland, was in his fourth year at the helm of the Generals. His 3-year record was a respectable 17–8–3. The Generals were without their starting end, captain James K. Thomas, their starting tackle, Tex Tilson, and backfield ace, Palmer, due to injuries.

*The Pittsburgh Post* reported that Pitt would have three new faces in the starting lineup. Frank Benedict, last year's backup to Marsh Johnson at center, and two rookies from the freshmen team, Andrew Salata at tackle and Gilbert “Gibby” Welch at halfback were penciled in for the first game. "Usually secretive, melancholy and dejected, Coach Jock Sutherland, starting his second year in charge of the alma mater, was no different yesterday. With a veteran team of nine, and strengthened by the acquisition of Salata and Welch, last year's freshmen stars, (he) was hopeful of victory, but rather uncertain as to how his team would act, despite the grilling drills of the past few weeks."

Regis M. Welsh of *The Pittsburgh Post* reported: "Speedy, flashy, strong in spots, taking advantage of scoring breaks, then making enough mistakes to show its own immaturity, the Pitt Panther, romping like wild on its new turf field, and with an admiring and perspiring crowd of almost 20,000 looking on scored a decisive , but not too impressive victory over Washington and Lee yesterday afternoon in the giant bowl, 28–0. Starting with a team of nine veterans and two graduates from last year's freshmen and winding up with the injection of so many substitutes that it would have made Knute Rockne seasick, the Panthers scored four times, twice on blocked kicks and twice by their own plunging and end skirting."

Early in the first period the Pitt offense advanced the ball by both running plays and short passes. Andy Gustafson culminated the drive by bulling his way into the end zone from the one-yard line for the first score in the new stadium. He tacked on the extra point and Pitt led 7–0. The Pitt defense stood out in the second quarter. First, Ralph Chase blocked a punt and recovered it in the end zone for six points and Gustafson added the point after. Then, later in the half, Pitt had the Generals again pinned deep in their own territory when James Scanlon and Wendell Steele broke through and blocked the Generals' punt. Steele fell on it for another six points and Allan Booth, Gustafson's replacement, nailed the conversion for a 21–0 halftime lead. The only scoring in the second half was a 20-yard scamper around end by halfback Joseph Schmitt. Booth kicked the extra point to close the scoring for the day. The Generals finished DeHart's last season with a 5–5 record.

The Pitt lineup for the game against Washington & Lee was Blair McMillin (left end), Zoner Wissinger (left tackle), Wendell Steele (left guard), Frank Benedict (center), Ulardt Hangartner (right guard), Ralph Chase (right tackle), John Kifer (right end), Jesse Brown (quarterback), Gilbert Welch (left halfback), John Harding (right halfback) and Andy Gustafson (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Felix Demoise, James Scanlon, William Kern, Joseph Schmitt, Robert Irwin, Allan Booth, Carl McCutcheon, Richard Goldberg, Paul Fisher, Joseph Archibald, Clyde Jack, Herman Reister, John Roberts, Philip Sargeant, James Hagan, Walter Hoban, John Grindle, Dwight Fyock, Ted Wilson and John Breen.

### Lafayette

**Week 2: Lafayette at Pitt**
| 1 2 3 4 Total  Lafayette 0 7 7 6 20  Pitt 3 6 0 0 **9** |
| --- |

For the fifth year in a row, Lafayette College from Easton, PA. was the second game on the schedule. The series with Lafayette was tied at three victories apiece. Former Pitt star Herb McCracken was in his second year at the helm, having led the Maroon to a 10–0 win over Pitt and final record of 7–2 in 1924. Lafayette opened their 1925 slate with a 20–14 win over Muhlenberg. Lafayette lost All-America end Berry and stalwart guard Budd from the line to graduation. "The Maroon however, will flash a powerful backfield with Kirkleski, Marsh, Gebhardt, Moore and Millman – a quintet of fast steppers – in harness."

"Pitt, however, with its great line, well-balanced backfield and wealth of reserve strength is being made the favorite, and it is generally admitted that a victory for the visitors would be a startling turnover of the advance dope."

David Finoli wrote "As much as Pitt wanted this to be a measuring stick to show how they'd improved, what happened was just the opposite. After spotting the Panthers an early 9–0 lead, Lafayette thoroughly controlled the contest, scoring 20 unanswered points and handing Pitt their worst loss in six years, 20–9."

Andy Gustafson converted three field goals in the first twenty minutes of the game from 27, 33, and 34 yards. Pitt led 9 to 0 and then the Lafayette offense controlled the game. Kirkleski returned a punt to his 46-yard line. Three straight passes resulted in a touchdown. Ford converted the extra point and Pitt led at the half 9 to 7. Lafayette gained possession early in the second half on their own 44. A 15 play sustained drive ended with Kirkleski barreling over from the two-yard line for the touchdown. Ford added the placement and the Leopards led 14 to 9. Late in the fourth period, Kirkleski bulled his way into the end zone for the final tally and Lafayette went home with the victory 20 to 9. Lafayette finished the season with a 7–1–1 record.

The Pitt lineup for the game against Lafayette was Blair McMillin (left end), Andrew Salata (left tackle), Wendell Steele (left guard), Frank Benedict (center), Zoner Wissinger (right tackle), Ralph Chase (right tackle), John Kifer (right end), John Harding (quarterback), Gilbert Welch (left halfback), Jesse Brown (right halfback) and Andy Gustafson (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Felix Demoise, Joseph Schmitt, Carl McCutcheon, William Kern, Robert Irwin, James Scanlon, Richard Goldberg, Allan Booth, Paul Fisher, Ulard Hangartner, Clyde Jack and James Hagan.

### West Virginia

**Week 3: West Virginia at Pitt**
| 1 2 3 4 Total  West Virginia 0 0 7 0 7  Pitt 0 0 6 9 **15**   * **Date:** October 10, 1925 * **Location:** Pitt Stadium
Pittsburgh, PA * **Game start:** 2:30 p.m. * **Game attendance:** 25,000 * **Referee:** Dr. E. J. O'Brien (Tufts) |
| --- |

The 1925 Mountaineers were led by first year coach Ira Rodgers, a 1919 All-America fullback and College Football Hall of Fame member. The West Virginians were 2–0 on the season and looking to avenge their 14–7 upset loss on Forbes Field the year before. Walter Mahan, All-America guard, anchored the line, but the Mountaineers strength was in the backfield, which included Francis Farley, an excellent passer, Ed Morrison, Doc Bruder and Pete Barnum. "Rogers and his assistants have been working hard to get the Mountaineers ready for the Pitt struggle and though handicapped by lack of reserve material the coaches believe that this year's eleven will trouble the powerful Panther machine."

This was the twenty-first meeting in the "Backyard Brawl" and the series stood at 12–7–1 in Pitt's favor. "The Panthers seem to be thoroughly awakened to the fact that another defeat, following on the heels of the Maroon backset, would be nothing short of a calamity, and the chances are that it will be a bunch of determined , grim fighters who oppose the Morgantowners on Saturday." Coach Sutherland opted for the same lineup that started the Lafayette game.

By refusing to give up and finally reversing form in the last quarter of its annual football game with West Virginia, the Panthers bested the Mountaineers 15–7 in a tightly contested struggle that kept the 25,000 fans enthralled. Max E. Hannum of *The Pittsburgh Press* touted the hero of the day: "This is the story of a big blond descendent of the Vikings of old, who came out of the west several years ago to gain an education and athletic renown at the University of Pittsburgh. This ambitious young fellow, Andy Gustafson by name, sprang into prominence almost immediately, but he arose to the height of his brilliant career yesterday at Pitt Stadium, when, virtually single-handed, he encompassed the defeat of the Panther's  \[*sic*\] ancient rival, the West Virginia eleven."

After a scoreless first half the Mountaineers advanced the ball sixty yards with Barnum bulling his way into the end zone for the go-ahead touchdown. He added the extra point to make it 7 to 0. Late in the third quarter the Panthers gained 65 yards through the air to the 3-yard line. Gustafson plunged for the score. A fumbled snap botched the extra point attempt and Pitt trailed 7 to 6 after three quarters. Midway through the final stanza the Pitt offense advanced the ball to the West Virginia 30-yard line. The Mountaineer defense stiffened and Gustafson booted a 36-yard field goal to put Pitt ahead 9 to 7. West Virginia was not finished. Their offense moved the ball to the Pitt 20-yard line. Coach Rodgers replaced Farley with Ryan. Ryan tried to circle around right end but fumbled and Gustafson scooped up the pigskin and did not stop until he crossed the goal line 80 yards away. He missed the placement and Pitt held on to win 15 to 7. West Virginia finished the season with a record of 8 wins and one loss.

The Pitt lineup for the game against West Virginia was Blair McMillin (left end), Andrew Salata (left tackle),Wendell Steele (left guard), Frank Benedict (center), Zoner Wissinger (right guard), Ralph Chase (right tackle), John Kifer (right end), John Harding (quarterback), Gilbert Welch (left halfback), Jesse Brown (right halfback) and Andy Gustafson (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Richard Goldberg, James Scanlon, Felix Demoise, Joseph Schmitt, Carl McCutcheon, Ulardt Hangartner, Paul Fisher, Allan Booth and Chester Wasmuth.

### Gettysburg

**Week 4: Gettysburg at Pitt**
| 1 2 3 4 Total  Gettysburg 0 0 0 0 0  Pitt 0 0 0 13 **13**   * **Date:** October 17, 1925 * **Location:** Pitt Stadium
Pittsburgh, PA * **Game start:** 2:30 p.m. * **Game attendance:** 25,000 * **Game weather:** muddy field * **Referee:** R. E. Cadigan (Syracuse) |
| --- |

Gettysburg College was the fourth game on the schedule and before the season fans looked at it as a filler game in between West Virginia and the "City Championship" versus Carnegie Tech. However, seventh-year Coach Bill Wood's eleven were unbeaten in three games. They clobbered St. John's (MD) 40–0 in their first game, then tied Lehigh 7–7, and followed that up with a 21–0 shutout of Muhlenberg. *The Pittsburgh Press* noted: "The Gettysburg outfit is far above the 'set-up' class, and the Panthers may be extremely fortunate to escape with whole hides this afternoon."

The Panthers rested several starters who were nursing various injuries. Captain Ralph Chase, Wendell Steele, Richard Goldberg, Blair McMillan and John Harding did not play. The starting lineup only had two regulars – Frank Benedict at center and Andy Gustafson at fullback.

The *Pittsburgh Gazette Times* reported: "A confident Panther of Pitt, sleek and well fed on Mountaineer meat, chanced on the lean, snarling Blue Ridge timber wolf of Gettysburg at the stadium here yesterday afternoon and in sizzling, mud-soaked death combat barely clawed off with a 13–0 triumph by dint of a desperate final-stanza rally. And it wasn't that the husky Sutherland stars were below par. It wasn't that the field was soggy, slopped to a quagmire by Freshmen and Kiski tusslers in a preliminary joust. It wasn't altogether because the home authorities saw fit to start what might be considered largely a secondary squad. All these factors, to be sure, proved contributory. But the real power behind the remarkable enemy showing was Gettysburg grit."

The boys from the Battlefield stopped the Panthers in the first half. Andy Gustafson fumbled on the Gettysburg 8-yard line. Carl McCutcheon threw an interception on the 24-yard line. Joe Schmitt dropped a pass from Welch in the open field. The first play of the fourth stanza broke the scoreless tie. Gilbert Welch tossed a 7-yard touchdown pass to end John Roberts. Gustafson's extra point attempt struck the cross bar, but Gettysburg was offside and the extra point was allowed. Pitt led 7 to 0. Minutes later the Pitt offense advanced the ball from their 31-yard line to the Gettysburg 5-yard line. Allan Booth, subbing for Gustafson, plunged through the Gettysburg defense for another touchdown. Booth's point after was blocked. Pitt won 13 to 0. Gettysburg finished the season with a respectable 6–1–2 record and only surrendered 3 touchdowns on the season.

The Pitt lineup for the game with Gettysburg was James Scanlon (left end), Andrew Salata (left tackle), Ulardt Hangartner (left guard), Frank Benedict (center), Paul Fisher (right guard), William Kern (right tackle), Felix Demoise (right end), James Hagan (quarterback), Joseph Schmitt (left halfback), Carl McCutcheon (right halfback) and Andy Gustafson (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Gilbert Welch, John Roberts, Howard Linn, Robert Irwin, Allan Booth, Clyde Jack, Andy Cutler, Walter Hoban, Chester Wasmuth, John Breen, Wallace Coulter, Philip Sargeant, John Grindle and Henry Schmitt.

### Carnegie Tech

**Week 5: Carnegie Tech at Pitt**
| 1 2 3 4 Total  Carnegie Tech 0 0 0 0 0  Pitt 6 0 6 0 **12**   * **Date:** October 24, 1925 * **Location:** Pitt Stadium
Pittsburgh, PA * **Game start:** 2:30 p.m. * **Game attendance:** 40,000 * **Game weather:** rain * **Referee:** G. N. Bankart (Dartmouth) |
| --- |

"On October 24 at the Carnegie Tech-Pitt game the new stadium was dedicated. It was an appropriate occasion for the dedication, for these two colleges had been rivals, off and on, since 1906, and their contests for the city championship always aroused much interest." Under a steady drizzle the festivities started with a parade of "hundreds of former athletes and scores of well-known men in the civic, business, professional and educational life of the city and nation." Homer D. Williams, president of Carnegie Steel Co. and chairman of the stadium committee presented the stadium to the university, and Chancellor John G. Bowman accepted it. Former Chancellor Samuel B. McCormick gave the invocation. A 21 gun salute was presented by the 107th Field artillery as the American flag and banners of Pitt and Tech were raised.

The Tartans led by tenth year coach, Walter Steffen, were 2–0–1 at this point in the season. They beat Thiel and Mt. Saint Mary's handily and in their previous game held Wash-Jeff to a scoreless tie. Even though Pitt led the city series 9–2, Tech won the last two games against the Panthers. The same lineup that held the Presidents scoreless took the field against the Panthers.

The Panther football team left town for a week in the country prior to the Tech game. *The Pitt Weekly* editors were not keen on the team's absence from the classroom. But the word from camp was "the Panthers are keyed up as never before on the eve of a clash with Tech. They have had it drilled into them constantly this week that the game is no cinch, and that they must play their heads off if they are to win."

Max E. Hannum of *The Pittsburgh Press* noted: "There will be nothing but pleasant memories for Pitt men when they think of the day when their great stadium was dedicated. A revived and fighting Panther eleven saw to that when they successfully repelled the attack of the Carnegie Tech forces, carved out an impressive 12 to 0 victory, and regained the city collegiate gridiron title, which had rested in the Tartan camp for two years. Almost 40,000 loyal supporters of both teams braved the elements, and clung to their seats around the great bowl, as an intermittent rain drove over the scene of the conflict throughout the contest."

Mid-first quarter Pitt recovered a Tartan fumble on their own 42-yard line. Andy Gustafson picked up three yards through the right side. On second down, Gilbert Welch dropped back and threw a pass to end John Kifer, which he caught over his head on the Tech 30-yard line, and ran unmolested into the end zone for the touchdown. Gustafson missed the placement and Pitt led 6 to 0. The Tech defense recovered a Welch fumble on the Pitt 14-yard line. Three plays moved the ball to the 6-yard line as time expired in the first period. Tech botched a lateral and Zoner Wissinger broke through the line, scooped up the slippery pigskin and rambled through the mud to the 44-yard line before he was tackled. Tech never threatened again. In the third quarter, a Pitt punt pinned the Tartans on their 2-yard line. They attempted to punt out of danger but the punt was shanked and went out of bounds on the Tech 17-yard line. After a holding penalty against Pitt, Welch hit Kifer with a 21-yard pass completion and first down on the 6-yard line. On fourth down Gustafson plunged into the end zone for the second score from the 1-yard line. The extra point was blocked. Pitt 12 to Tech 0. Coach Sutherland emptied the bench in the last stanza as 23 men participated in the game.

According to *The Pittsburgh Sunday Post* Coach Sutherland acted unusual after the game - he smiled and he talked: "No, I don't like to say that the better team won. Neither do I like to say the poorer team lost. And about the only thing I can say is that Pitt's team is far better now than it has been any other time during the season. Oh, yes, it's regrettable that the field had to be wet, for without all that rain the game would have been much better and there wouldn't have been all that rough and tumble stuff. It's too bad, too, that Max Bastian had to be out of the game, for his presence would have brought Carnegie to its best strength. Carnegie has a good team. That's why Pitt had to be at its best."

The Pitt lineup for the game against Carnegie Tech was Blair McMillin (left end), Andrew Salata (left tackle), Wendell Steele (left guard), Andy Cutler (center), Zoner Wissinger (right guard), Ralph Chase (right tackle), John Kifer (right end),John Harding (quarterback), Jesse Brown (left halfback), Gilbert Welch (right halfback) and Andy Gustafson (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Joseph Schmitt, Felix Demoise, John Roberts, James Hagan, William Kern, Allan Booth, William Coulter, Carl McCutcheon, Paul Fisher, James Hoban, Howard Linn and Robert Irwin.

### Johns Hopkins

**Week 6: Johns Hopkins at Pitt**
| 1 2 3 4 Total  Johns Hopkins 0 0 0 0 0  Pitt 12 12 0 7 **31**   * **Date:** October 31, 1925 * **Location:** Pitt Stadium
Pittsburgh, PA * **Game start:** 2:30 p.m. * **Game weather:** muddy * **Referee:** R. E. Cadigan (Syracuse) |
| --- |

Graduate Manager Karl Davis scheduled Johns Hopkins as the set-up opponent for the Panthers prior to their final big three games to end the season. After posting a very respectable 5–1–2 record in 1924, sixth-year coach Ray Van Orman brought his 1925 Black and Blue eleven to Pitt Stadium with a 2–2 record. This was the last time Pitt and Johns Hopkins met on the gridiron.

Max E. Hannum of *The Pittsburgh Press* reported: "Teams scheduled as 'set-up' opponents for institutions that desire only mediocre opposition on the eve of big games, frequently display tendencies to upset instead of taking their planned-for and generally expected trouncings. Johns Hopkins proved an exception to this rule at the Pitt Stadium yesterday, and, opposed by second and third-string members of the Panther squad, eased gently out of the picture by the score of 31 to 0."

"The game was played in a quagmire that made clean handling of the ball impossible...Pitt crossed the visitors' line twice in the opening period and twice in the second quarter and again in the final period." Five different players scored for the Panthers- Allan Booth, Felix Demoise, Carl McCutcheon, John Grindle and Walter Hoban. Hoban added an extra point to close out the scoring. "Captain Walker Taylor was the shining light on the visiting squad, making several fine tackles which kept at least two more touchdowns from being registered."

The Pitt lineup for the game against Johns Hopkins was John Roberts (left end), William Kern (left tackle), Howard Linn (left guard), Andy Cutler (center), John Breen (right guard), Ralph Chase (right tackle), Felix Demoise (right end), James Hagan (quarterback), Joseph Schmitt (left halfback), Carl McCutcheon (right halfback) and Allan Booth (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Chester Wasmuth, Walter Hoban,John Grindle, Clyde Jack, James Scanlon, Alfred Amann, Robert Irwin, Wallace Coulter, Edward Seifert, Philip Sargeant, Chester Doverspike, Dwight Fyock, Henry Schmitt, Floyd Snyder and Lee Herrington.

### Washington & Jefferson

**Week 7: Washington & Jefferson at Pitt**
| 1 2 3 4 Total  W. & J. 0 0 0 0 0  Pitt 0 0 0 6 **6**   * **Date:** November 7, 1925 * **Location:** Pitt Stadium
Pittsburgh, PA * **Game start:** 2:00 p.m. * **Game attendance:** 30,000 * **Game weather:** rain * **Referee:** E. J. O'Brien (Tufts) |
| --- |

The unbeaten 1925 Washington & Jefferson Presidents were being compared to the 1916 Pitt Panther "Greatest Eleven in the World" team. Coach David C. Morrow brought his crew to Pitt Stadium with a 5–0–1 record. Their only blemish was a scoreless tie with Carnegie Tech. After beating the Panthers 10–0 last season, the Presidents led the series with Pitt 13–12. "W. & J. will present its strongest lineup, intent on keeping its season's slate clean... Confidence exudes from the camp of the invaders, who can see nothing but a sure W. & J. triumph."

Coach Sutherland will start his strongest eleven. "With the discontented Panther followers snapping at his heels, clipping him from behind and making things miserable for him in their own peculiar way, Jock has nothing left but to whip his team into the best shape of its career, make them play as they never have before and then sit back and await the result. Last night Jock admitted that he was ready- and when Jock admits that much, it is plenty."

Max E. Hannum of *The Pittsburgh Press* praised the Panthers: "From the mud and slime of an almost impossible gridiron, a fighting and alert Panther rose to its greatest heights of the season yesterday afternoon at the new Pitt stadium. Before 30,000 rabid football enthusiasts, who refused to give up their seats even in the face of a driving rain that drenched every person on the mammoth bowl, and churned the field into a quagmire, the Pitt eleven upset the dope once more, and smashed a valiant and powerful W. & J. team, 6 to 0."

According to *The Owl*: "Neither team gamed anything through the first three periods and it looked as though the game would end in a scoreless tie...Minutes passed; the battle without results continued in its slow monotonous way. Pitt punted; Wash-Jeff received." But then, with less than five minutes to play, the Sutherland strategy of waiting for a break was rewarded as Pitt blocked a punt by Bill Amos. "Zack" Wissinger secured the slimy pigskin and "never covered 20 yards faster in his life, on either dry or wet field, and he will never cover another 20 yards with such a ringing ovation in his ears."

"The Presidents made 12 first downs to Pitt's 2, but most of their gaining was done in the middle of the field, where it did not count. Not once did W. and J. threaten to score."

Pitt won its fifth game in a row and tied the series with the Presidents at 13 apiece. The Presidents finished the season with a 6–2–1 record.

"In a short but impressive ceremony preceding the kick-off in the stadium yesterday, the University of Pittsburgh presented Washington and Jefferson College a scroll to honor the memory of Robert M. (Mother) Murphy, for years graduate manager of athletics at the Washington (Pa.) institution...The scroll read: 'The Athletic Council of the University of Pittsburgh presents this scroll November 7, 1925, to Washington and Jefferson College in memory of Robert M. Murphy who served his college for many years as it Graduate Manager of Athletics. His gallant sportsmanship, unfailing courtesy, and Christian ideals of conduct set a new and higher standard of college-athletic relationship in this community, and won the love and respect of all who value courage, loyalty, industry and truth."

The Pitt lineup for the game against Washington & Jefferson was Blair McMillin (left end), Andrew Salata (left tackle), Wendell Steele (left guard), Andy Cutler (center), Zoner Wissinger (right guard), Ralph Chase (right tackle), John Kifer (right end), John Harding (quarterback), Jesse Brown (left halfback), Gilbert Welch (right halfback) and Andy Gustafson (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Richard Goldberg, Joseph Schmitt, Howard Linn, John Roberts, Felix Demoise and Carl McCutcheon.

### At Penn

**Week 8: Pitt at Penn**
| 1 2 3 4 Total  Pitt 7 7 0 0 14  Penn 0 0 0 0 **0**   * **Date:** November 14, 1925 * **Location:** Franklin Field
Philadelphia, PA * **Game start:** 2:00 p.m. * **Game attendance:** 54,000 * **Game weather:** ideal * **Referee:** Tom Thorpe (Columbia) |
| --- |

The Panthers only road game of the season was to Philadelphia to meet the Penn Quakers on Franklin Field. Third year coach Lou Young's team sported a 6–1 record. Their only loss was to the Illinois Illini, led by All-American halfback Red Grange, by the score of 24 to 2. Penn has beaten Pitt only once in the nine-game series and the oddsmakers feel this year's game could be another in the win column for the Quakers. The Quakers were led by two All-Americans - halfback Al Kreuz and end George Thayer

Coach Sutherland spoke with *The Pittsburgh Press*: "We will play the kind of football that is best suited to the conditions that may arise as the battle progresses. We are not making any concessions to our foes. We know they are a great team, but other great teams have been beaten this fall, and Penn has been conquered once. All I can say is that my boys will play their hardest and best. They are physically fit to give everything they have, and their work may surprise some of the Quaker partisans."

*The Pitt Weekly* reported: "Pennsylvania--proud, old Penn—felt the heel of another conqueror last Saturday when the Panthers invaded the Quaker City and sent Lou Young's highly touted eleven down to a 14 to 0 defeat on Franklin Field. Penn was as badly trounced, perhaps more so, than it was when Red Grange and company rambled through its defense at will....The story of the game is – Pitt had the better team. "

Late in the first quarter Pitt gained possession on their 48-yard line. Two short gains were followed by a completed pass from Jesse Brown to Andy Gustafson to the Penn 18-yard line. Six running plays advanced the ball to within inches of the goal line. "Gustafson jumped headlong over center for a touchdown." He then booted the placement through the uprights and Pitt led 7 to 0. Early in the second period Gustafson intercepted a pass in Penn territory and returned it to their 27-yard line. On first down Gilbert Welch gained 17 yards on a triple pass. On the next play, "(John) Harding started off right tackle, but reversed his field beautifully and ran across the line through a maze of tacklers." Gustafson added the point to complete the scoring. Pitt 14 to Penn 0.

Penn coach Lou Young told *The Philadelphia Inquirer*: "I think Sutherland has a great team. Although at times the Pitt team is not considered when the great teams are thought of, I think the team will stand up to the best of them. They have always been a hard team for Penn to beat and yesterday proved no exception." Penn finished the season with a 7–2 record.

Coach Sutherland praised his Captain: "Captain Chase played one of the greatest tackle games I have ever seen...With Chase doing this sort of work the rest of the line could not help playing their best ball. It was a welcome victory to Pittsburgh and I want to congratulate my men for their showing."

The Pitt lineup for the game against the Quakers was Blair McMillin (left end), Andrew Salata (left tackle), Wendell Steele (left guard), Andy Cutler (center), Zoner Wissinger (right guard), Ralph Chase (right tackle), John Kifewr (right end), John Harding (quarterback), Jesse Brown (left halfback), Gilbert Welch (right halfback) and Andy Gustafson (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Howard Linn, Allan Booth, Felix Demoise, Richard Goldberg, James Hagan, Joseph Schmitt, John Roberts, William Kern, Carl McCutcheon, Robert Irwin and Frank Benedict.

### Penn State

**Week 9: Penn State at Pitt**
| 1 2 3 4 Total  Penn State 7 0 0 0 7  Pitt 10 7 6 0 **23**   * **Date:** November 26, 1925 * **Location:** Pitt Stadium
Pittsburgh, PA * **Game start:** 2:00 p.m. * **Game attendance:** 50,000 * **Game weather:** cold * **Referee:** C. J. McCarthy, Jr. (Germantown Academy) |
| --- |

Thanksgiving Day 1925 marked the 28th meeting of the Panthers and Lions on the gridiron. The series stood at 13–12 in Pitt's favor with 2 ties. Hugo Bezdek and the Nittany Lions were having their worst season since his 1–2–1 debut in 1918. The Lions arrived at Pitt Stadium with a 4–3–1 record, and their only highlight was a scoreless tie with Notre Dame. The Lions had sophomore Cy Lungren at quarterback instead of injured starter Bill Helbig. "The absence of Helbig is a big handicap to the Lions, for the Newark boy has displayed more generalship since he took over the job than has been in evidence for several seasons." "Coach Bezdek has labored hard with his charges this week, and is said to have worked wonders with them. The visitors are a determined lot, and are certain to give the Panthers a tough battle all the way." A Pitt fan warned: "They have everything to gain and nothing to lose in this game, and they will show all they possess in football ability. A triumph over Pitt this year would be about the most impressive thing State could do as a windup to its season."

The Panthers went into the game healthy. "The players have been carefully nursed since the Penn encounter ten days ago, and are fit as the proverbial fiddle. Moreover, they are all anxious to wind up their campaign with a glorious victory, and are not in any mood to show mercy to their opponents." Eleven members of the 1925 team will be playing their final game for the Blue and Gold – Andy Gustafson, Ulhard Hangartner, John Kifer, Wendell Steele, Robert Irwin, Zoner Wissinger, Ralph Chase, Carl McCutcheon, Jesse Brown, Frank Benedict and John Harding.

*The Pitt Weekly* said it best: "The Panther, with his tail straight up in the air – rather proud since he deserves to be rated just beneath Dartmouth in the national ranking – ended his season Thanksgiving Day in a blaze of glory. It's rather unusual for all good seasons to be ended in blazes of glory and Pitt had a good season. But this particular blaze – 23 to 7 – singed the Nittany Lion and that always makes any blaze a better blaze."

Pitt scored first in the opening quarter when State halfback Johnny Roepke fumbled the snap on his 26-yard line. Andrew Salata scooped up the pigskin and rambled into the end zone for the touchdown. Andy Gustafson added the extra point and Pitt led 7 to 0. Pitt started their next drive on their 27-yard line and advanced the ball to the State 27-yard line. Gustafson missed a 35-yard field goal try but State was offside. Gustafson's attempt from the 30-yard line was perfect and Pitt led 10 to 0. The Penn State offense proceeded to advance the ball to the Pitt 25-yard line. The Pitt defense stiffened and State lined up for a field goal. It was a fake as Cy Lundgren, the holder, dropped back and passed to a wide open Roepke on the five and he waltzed into the end zone for the Nittanies' touchdown. Ken Weston added the point and the first period ended 10 to 7. Early in the second stanza Pitt gained possession on the State 30-yard line. A succession of running plays and State offside penalties led to Gustafson plunging through center from the 2-yard line for the Panthers second touchdown. Gustafson added the point after and the halftime score read: Pitt 17, Penn State 7. In the third period the Panthers gained possession on their 9-yard line. Three running plays moved the ball to the 20-yard line. Then, "a double pass, with (Gibby) Welch carrying the ball, saw the Pitt backfield star cut loose through the opposite side of the line out in the open field for an 80 yard run and a touchdown. Bergman made a frantic effort to overtake him but was a step behind the whole chase." Gustafson shanked the placement and the final score read: Pitt 23 to State 0.

The Pitt lineup for the game against Penn State was Blair McMillin (left end), Andrew Salata (left tackle), Wendell Steele (left guard), Andy Cutler (center), Zoner Wissinger (right guard), Ralph Chase (right tackle), John Kifer (right end), John Harding (quarterback), Jesse Brown (left halfback), Gilbert Welch (right halfback) and Andy Gustafson (fullback). Substitutes appearing in the game for Pitt were Howard Linn, William Kern, Robert Irwin, Felix Demoise, John Roberts, Joseph Schmitt, Carl McCutcheon, Frank Benedict, and Allan Booth.

## Scoring summary

| **1925 Pittsburgh Panthers scoring summary** | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Player** | **Touchdowns** | **Extra points** | **Field goals** | **Safety** | **Points** |
| Andy Gustafson | 6 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 58 |
| Allan A. Booth | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
| Walter Hoban | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| Ralph Chase | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Felix Demoise | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| John Grindle | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| John Harding | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| John Kifer | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Carl McCutcheon | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| John Roberts | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Andrew Salata | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Joseph Schmitt | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Wendell Steele | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Gilbert Welch | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Zoner Wissinger | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Totals | 21 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 151 |
|

## Postseason

David Finoli noted in his book "When Pitt Ruled The Gridiron” how good the 1925 season actually turned out:

> “While given no consideration for the national championship at the time, years later when Denmark's Soren Sorensen, a physics professor at the University of Tennessee, decided to develop his college football computer rankings, he calculated that the Panthers were the best team in the nation. It's an honor that, while not recognized by the university as an official championship, showed the power of the 1925 squad."

Ralph Chase was chosen to play in the December 26, 1925 inaugural East-West Shrine Bowl in San Francisco.

The athletic council awarded varsity football letters to the following: Captain Ralph Chase, John Kifer, Blair McMillin, Andrew Salata, Zoner Wissinger, Wendell Steele, Andrew Cutler, Jesse Brown, John Harding, Gilbert Welch, Andrew Gustafson, Frank Benedict, Richard Goldberg, Felix Demoise, John Roberts, William Kern, Howard Linn, Joseph Schmitt, Carl McCutcheon, Robert Irwin, Allan Booth, James Hagan, Ulhard Hangartner and Axel Anderson.

The lettermen selected end Blair McMillin as captain for the 1926 season.

On January 12, John B. McGrady, a junior in the School of Industrial Engineering, was appointed varsity football manager for the 1926 season by Karl E. Davis, graduate manager of athletics.

### All-American selections

**Ralph Chase** – tackle  (1st team Associated Press; 1st team International Board of Football Coaches; 1st team Collier's Weekly (Grantland Rice); 1st team Edward Pollack, Quaker City scribe; 1st team Lou Young, Penn head coach; 1st team Harry Stuhldreher, Villa Nova head coach; 2nd team New York Sun; 1st team Pete Reynolds, Syracuse head coach; 2nd team Davis Walsh, news service sports editor.)

Zoner Wissinger – guard  (3rd team International Board of Football Coaches; All-Eastern Team by John “Chick” Meehan, NYU head coach;)

Andrew Gustafson – fullback  (Billy Evans Honor Roll. 2nd team Tad Jones, Yale head coach.)

Gilbert Welch -halfback  (1st team Edward Pollack, Quaker City scribe.)

Andrew Cutler – center  (2nd team Edward Pollack, Quaker City scribe.)

John Harding – quarterback  (2nd team Edward Pollack, Quaker City scribe.)

**Bold** = Consensus All-American

## InfoBox

| 1925 Pittsburgh Panthers football | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conference | Independent |
| Record | 8–1 |
| Head coach |  |
| Offensive scheme | Single-wing |
| Captain | Ralph Chase |
| Home stadium | Pitt Stadium |
|


title: Art Deco of the 20s and 30s

abstract: Art Deco of the 20s and 30s is an art history book by English historian Bevis Hillier. It was initially published in 1968 by Studio Vista. The author discusses how the style of cubism, expressionism, Ancient Egyptian art, Mayan art, and so on influenced Art Deco, and how Art Deco itself changed the style of disciplines as various as modern architecture, jewelry, ceramics, tableware, metalwork, glass, textiles, and many others.

text:
# Art Deco of the 20s and 30s

***Art Deco of the 20s and 30s*** is an art history book by English historian Bevis Hillier. It was initially published in 1968 by Studio Vista. The author discusses how the style of cubism, expressionism, Ancient Egyptian art, Mayan art, and so on influenced Art Deco, and how Art Deco itself changed the style of disciplines as various as modern architecture, jewelry, ceramics, tableware, metalwork, glass, textiles, and many others.

## Content

1. What is Art Deco?
2. How Art Deco Developed
3. The Interregnum
4. Influence of Cubism, Expressionism, Futurism, Vorticism.
5. Influence of the Russian Ballet
6. Influence of American Indian Art
7. Influence of Ancient Egyptian Art
8. The Twenties
9. The Thirties
10. The Arts of Art Deco
11. The Revival

## Influence

According to historian Thomas Mellins, it was the publication of this book in 1968 that popularised the term *Art Deco*. Otherwise, the genre may have been referred to as *Art Moderne*.

## InfoBox

Art Deco of the 20s and 30s
| Softcover edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Bevis Hillier |
| Language | English |
| Subject | History of art, Art Deco |
| Genre | Non-fiction |
| Published | 1968 |
| Publisher | Studio Vista |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print |
| Pages | 164 pp. |
| ISBN | 0289277884 |
| OCLC | 40363 |


title: Eoophyla citrialis

abstract: Eoophyla citrialis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by David John Lawrence Agassiz in 2012. It is found in Tanzania, where it has been recorded from the Eastern Arc Mountains. The wingspan is 14–16 mm.

text:
# Eoophyla citrialis

***Eoophyla citrialis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by David John Lawrence Agassiz in 2012. It is found in Tanzania, where it has been recorded from the Eastern Arc Mountains.

The wingspan is 14–16 mm.

## Etymology

The species name refers to the predominant colour of the species and is derived from Greek *kitria* (meaning lemon).

## InfoBox

| *Eoophyla citrialis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Eoophyla* |
| Species: | ***E. citrialis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eoophyla citrialis***<br>Agassiz, 2012 | |
|


abstract: The 1997 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships were contested to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's NCAA collegiate indoor track and field events in the United States after the 1996–97 season, the 33rd annual meet for men and 15th annual meet for women. The championships were again held at the RCA Dome in Indianapolis, Indiana. Arkansas won the men's team title, the Razorbacks' thirteenth overall and thirteenth in fourteen years. Four-time defending champions LSU again won the women's team title, the Lady Tigers' eighth.

text:
# 1997 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships

The **1997 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships** were contested to determine the individual and team national champions of men's and women's NCAA collegiate indoor track and field events in the United States after the 1996–97 season, the 33rd annual meet for men and 15th annual meet for women.

The championships were again held at the RCA Dome in Indianapolis, Indiana.

Arkansas won the men's team title, the Razorbacks' thirteenth overall and thirteenth in fourteen years.

Four-time defending champions LSU again won the women's team title, the Lady Tigers' eighth.

## Qualification

All teams and athletes from Division I indoor track and field programs were eligible to compete for this year's individual and team titles.

## Team standings

* **Note:** Top 10 only
* **Scoring:** 6 points for a 1st-place finish in an event, 4 points for 2nd, 3 points for 3rd, 2 points for 4th, and 1 point for 5th
* **(DC)** = Defending Champions

## InfoBox

| 1997 NCAA Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Organisers | NCAA |
| Edition | 33rd (Men)<br>15th (Women) |
| Dates | March 7-8, 1997 |
| Host city | Indianapolis, Indiana |
| Venue | RCA Dome |
| Level | Division I |
| 1996 1998 | |


title: Epicauta floridensis

abstract: Epicauta floridensis, the Florida blister beetle, is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Epicauta floridensis

***Epicauta floridensis***, the **Florida blister beetle**, is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Epicauta floridensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Meloidae |
| Tribe: | Epicautini |
| Genus: | *Epicauta* |
| Species: | ***E. floridensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Epicauta floridensis***<br>Werner, 1944 | |
|


title: Epicauta gissleri

abstract: Epicauta gissleri is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Epicauta gissleri

***Epicauta gissleri*** is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Epicauta gissleri* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Meloidae |
| Tribe: | Epicautini |
| Genus: | *Epicauta* |
| Species: | ***E. gissleri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Epicauta gissleri***<br>(Horn, 1878) | |
|


title: Arthur Pomeroy, 1st Viscount Harberton

abstract: Arthur Pomeroy, 1st Viscount Harberton was an Anglo-Irish politician. He was born in Cork, the eldest son of the Rev John Pomeroy, Archdeacon of Cork, and his wife Elizabeth Donnellan of Cloghan, County Roscommon. He sat in the Irish House of Commons as the Member of Parliament for County Kildare from 1761 until he was raised to the Irish House of Lords as Baron Harberton in the Peerage of Ireland on 10 October 1783. He was further created Viscount Harberton on 5 July 1791. He married Mary Colley, daughter of Henry Colley of Castle Carbury, great uncle of the 1st Duke of Wellington, by his wife Lady Mary Hamilton, daughter of James Hamilton, 6th Earl of Abercorn. They had seven children, including Henry, 2nd Viscount, Arthur, 3rd Viscount and John, 4th Viscount Harberton. His youngest daughter, Mary, married Sir John Craven Carden, 1st Baronet of Templemore, County Tipperary. Another daughter, Henrietta, married James Hewitt, 2nd Viscount Lifford, but died after only two years of marriage. Two other children, George and Elizabeth, died unmarried. He was an ancestor of General George Colley (1835–81).

text:
# Arthur Pomeroy, 1st Viscount Harberton

**Arthur Pomeroy, 1st Viscount Harberton** (16 January 1723 – 9/11 April 1798) was an Anglo-Irish politician.

He was born in Cork, the eldest son of the Rev John Pomeroy, Archdeacon of Cork, and his wife Elizabeth Donnellan of Cloghan, County Roscommon.

He sat in the Irish House of Commons as the Member of Parliament for County Kildare from 1761 until he was raised to the Irish House of Lords as **Baron Harberton** in the Peerage of Ireland on 10 October 1783. He was further created **Viscount Harberton** on 5 July 1791.

He married Mary Colley, daughter of Henry Colley of Castle Carbury, great uncle of the 1st Duke of Wellington, by his wife Lady Mary Hamilton, daughter of James Hamilton, 6th Earl of Abercorn.

They had seven children, including Henry, 2nd Viscount, Arthur, 3rd Viscount and John, 4th Viscount Harberton. His youngest daughter, Mary, married Sir John Craven Carden, 1st Baronet of Templemore, County Tipperary. Another daughter, Henrietta, married James Hewitt, 2nd Viscount Lifford, but died after only two years of marriage. Two other children, George and Elizabeth, died unmarried. He was an ancestor of General George Colley (1835–81).


title: Epichoristodes goniopa

abstract: Epichoristodes goniopa is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Madagascar.

text:
# Epichoristodes goniopa

***Epichoristodes goniopa*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Madagascar.

## InfoBox

| *Epichoristodes goniopa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Epichoristodes* |
| Species: | ***E. goniopa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Epichoristodes goniopa***<br>Diakonoff, 1960 | |
|


title: Arthrochilus

abstract: Arthrochilus, commonly called elbow orchids, is a genus of about fifteen species of flowering plants from the orchid family (Orchidaceae) and is found in Australia and New Guinea. The flowers are pollinated by male thynnid wasps which attempt to mate with the flower and are held in place by hooks while the pollinium is transferred between insect and flower.

text:
# Arthrochilus

***Arthrochilus***, commonly called **elbow orchids,** is a genus of about fifteen species of flowering plants from the orchid family (Orchidaceae) and is found in Australia and New Guinea. The flowers are pollinated by male thynnid wasps which attempt to mate with the flower and are held in place by hooks while the pollinium is transferred between insect and flower.

## Description

Orchids in the genus *Arthrochilus* are terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, sympodial herbs usually with a few inconspicuous, fine roots and a single oval-shaped tuber lacking a protective fibrous sheath. (*A. huntianus* lacks a true tuber.) Some species form colonies, reproducing asexually from daughter tubers formed on the end of root-like stolons. The stem is short, erect and unbranched with thin, leaf-like cataphylls at each node. There are up to six leaves at or near the base of the plant, sometimes forming a rosette around the stem.

The inflorescence is a raceme with a few to many non-resupinate, dull-coloured flowers on a wiry stalk. The dorsal sepal is similar to or larger than the lateral sepals and its sides curve inwards. The lateral sepals and petals are attached the base of the column, the petals similar to, but smaller than the sepals. The highly modified labellum is dominated by the callus and is hinged to the column by a flexible "claw". The callus is ornamented with feathery cilia and club-shaped structures which gives the labellum the form of a wingless, female wasp. The column has two pairs of wings, two which surround the sexual parts of the flower and two larger hook-like wings either side of the column. Elbow orchids mainly flower in summer and the fruit that follows flowering is a glabrous dehiscent capsule containing a large number of winged seeds.

## Taxonomy and naming

The genus *Arthrochilus* was first formally described in 1858 by Ferdinand von Mueller and the description was published in *Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae*. Mueller described *Arthrochilus irritabilis* at the same time and it is regarded as the type species. The scientific name of the genus is derived from the Ancient Greek words *arthron* meaning "joint" and *cheilos* meaning "lip" referring to the jointed labellum.

## Distribution and habitat

Elbow orchids are found in all states of Australia except Western Australia and in southern Papua New Guinea and on the Torres Strait Islands. The majority of elbow orchid species occur in tropical regions but *A. huntianus* grows in eastern Australia with the subspecies *nothofagicola* occurring in Tasmania. The tropical species grow and flower in the summer wet season, usually growing in sand in forest or woodland.

## Ecology

The labellum of elbow orchids mimics wingless female thynnid wasps of the Superfamily Vespoidea, Family Thynnidae. In its attempt to fly off with the dummy female, the insect is thrust head-first against the column where the hooked wings hold the insect in place long enough for the pollinia to stick to its back. If it is carrying pollinia from another flower, the pollinia are crushed against the stigma. For three species of elbow orchid, a single species of wasp from the genus *Arthrothynnus* has been identified. In the case of some tropical species, the wasps struggle so violently with the labellum that the organ is often torn off. Some other orchids similarly employ thynnid wasps as pollinators but only *Arthrochilus* flowers have restraining hooks on the labellum.

## Species list

The following is a list of species recognised by the *Index Kewensis*:

## InfoBox

| Elbow orchids | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Arthrochilus latipes* in Kakadu National Park | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Tribe: | Diurideae |
| Subtribe: | Drakaeinae |
| Genus: | *Arthrochilus*
F.Muell. |
|
| Type species | |
| *Arthrochilus irritabilis*
F.Muell. | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Phoringopsis* D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. * *Thynninorchis* D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. | |


title: Epimelitta viridimicans

abstract: Epimelitta viridimicans is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fisher in 1952.

text:
# Epimelitta viridimicans

***Epimelitta viridimicans*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fisher in 1952.

## InfoBox

| *Epimelitta viridimicans* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Epimelitta* |
| Species: | ***E. viridimicans*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Epimelitta viridimicans***<br>Fisher, 1952 | |
|


title: 1997 Nevada floods

text:
# 1997 Nevada floods

Severe floods occurred in western and northern Nevada from January 1–3, 1997, resulting in two deaths and causing $450 million in building damage. Washoe County, which includes the Reno-Sparks area, saw the worst of the damage. Flooding also impacted five other counties, as well as Carson City.

The floods occurred along the Carson River, Truckee River, and Walker River. Unseasonably warm rain melted excessive snowpack in the rivers, resulting in the floods. It was the most costly and damaging flood event to occur in 150 years of record-keeping for the three rivers.

## Flooding overview

The 1997 floods occurred along three rivers in western and northern Nevada. The Carson River runs through the state capital of Carson City as well as four counties: Churchill, Douglas, Lyon, and Storey. The Walker River runs through Douglas, Lyon, and Mineral County. The Truckee River flows through Washoe County, including the Reno-Sparks area.

The floods were caused by unseasonably warm rain which partially melted excessive snowpack in the three rivers. A trio of heavy snowstorms from the Gulf of Alaska had hit the Sierra Nevada region during the last three weeks of 1996, followed by three subtropical storms originating in the Pacific Ocean, the third of which was a Pineapple Express. Aside from Nevada, the same storm system also caused flooding in several other states, including California, Idaho, Oregon and Washington.

In Nevada, the floods began on January 1, 1997, and continued over the next two days as water made its way through several counties. In Sparks, the Truckee River reached flood stage at 2:00 a.m. on January 1, followed by Reno at 10:30 a.m. The river's flood stage was 12 feet, and it crested at 14.7 feet on January 2, breaking the last record of 13.8 in 1950. The river experienced widespread flooding throughout its 90-mile course between Lake Tahoe and Pyramid Lake. The river level rose 7 feet, eventually receding from flood stage on January 3. The Truckee River had an early warning system – consisting of gauges – that performed inadequately in predicting the flood severity. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) had approximately 100 gauging stations covering the three rivers, and 35 of these stations were damaged by the floodwaters, with 6 being completely destroyed.

The floods covered approximately 63,800 acres (25,800 ha). Although initially considered a 100-year flood event, a study by the USGS found it to be less than a 50-year event. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) considered it a 60-year event, while the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) believed it to be a 75-year event.

## Damage and effects

The 1997 floods were the worst to hit Carson City and Reno since 1955, and were the most costly and damaging to occur in 150 years of record-keeping for the three rivers. However, the flood severity along the Truckee River was alleviated by three dams, which were built following floods in the 1950s.

The floods resulted in numerous business closures, including several casinos in Reno, where some streets saw up to four feet of water. State government buildings in Carson City and Reno were flooded and forced to close as well. Reno–Tahoe International Airport closed on January 2, stranding 1,000 tourists before reopening the next day. The airport's only east–west runway eventually required $33 million in repair work. Floodwaters tore out bridges along the Truckee River and also swept large trees downriver. Mudslides also occurred, resulting in the closure of Highway 50 at Spooner Summit, as well as Interstate 80 near the California-Nevada border.

In Carson City, officials had prepared with the use of 4,000 sandbags for flood control, although this proved to be inadequate. It was later estimated that 100,000 sandbags would have been needed. Most damage in Carson City came from floodwaters rushing downstream from several canyons, eventually flooding streets. The Carson River also runs through Dayton, where flooding affected ranches and mobile homes, as well as Dayton State Park. The Walker River reached flood stage on January 3 as waters reached the small city of Yerington, which experienced flood damage across 500 homes and businesses.

The floods resulted in two deaths, including a 59-year-old Gardnerville man who drowned in the Carson River. His remains were found nearly a year later. The other victim was a 53-year-old man from Sun Valley who disappeared along the Truckee River. Skeletal remains, possibly belonging to the latter victim, were found in January 1998.

## Response and aftermath

On January 2, 1997, Nevada governor Bob Miller toured flood-damaged areas by helicopter, and declared a state of emergency for Carson City as well as four counties: Douglas, Lyon, Storey, and Washoe. The following day, U.S. president Bill Clinton declared the affected counties as a major disaster area, making them eligible for federal assistance programs. Two additional counties, Churchill and Mineral, were designated for assistance on January 15.

Much of the flood damage occurred in Washoe County. Clean-up efforts in Reno ramped up on January 3, as water began to recede. The flood's financial cost led to the permanent closure of several small casinos there. Early estimates of statewide damage, compiled by several government sources, put the cost at $632.5 million, including $540.2 million in Washoe County. The final cost of statewide building damage was estimated by USACE at $450 million, while local officials estimated total flood damage at $680 million when taking business losses into account. The state had a $123 million emergency fund.

In 1998, Reno and Sparks agreed to donate land to be used for future flood control projects. Two years later, Washoe County residents created a community coalition to work on flood prevention. In the Carson City area, more than $36 million in flood control projects had been completed as of 2006. The Truckee River Flood Management Authority (TRFMA) was also formed in 2011 and took measures as well to mitigate future floods.

## InfoBox

1997 Nevada floods
| Date | January 1–3, 1997 |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Western and northern Nevada |
| Deaths | 2 |
| Property damage | $450 million |


title: 1987 Virginia Slims of Washington

abstract: The 1987 Virginia Slims of Washington was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Patriot Center in Fairfax, Virginia in the United States and was part of the Category 3 tier of the 1987 WTA Tour. It was the 16th edition of the tournament and was held from March 23 through March 29, 1987. First-seeded Hana Mandlíková won the singles title and earned $30,500 in first-prize money.

text:
# 1987 Virginia Slims of Washington

The **1987 Virginia Slims of Washington** was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Patriot Center in Fairfax, Virginia in the United States and was part of the Category 3 tier of the 1987 WTA Tour. It was the 16th edition of the tournament and was held from March 23 through March 29, 1987. First-seeded Hana Mandlíková won the singles title and earned $30,500 in first-prize money.

## Finals

### Singles

Hana Mandlíková defeated  Barbara Potter 6–4, 6–2

* It was Mandlíková's 2nd singles title of the year and the 27th, and last, of her career.

### Doubles

Elise Burgin /  Pam Shriver defeated  Zina Garrison /  Lori McNeil 6–1, 3–6, 6–4

## InfoBox

| 1987 Virginia Slims of Washington | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | March 23–29 |
| Edition | 16th |
| Category | Category 3 |
| Draw | 32S / 16D |
| Prize money | $150,000 |
| Surface | Carpet (Supreme) / indoor |
| Location | Fairfax, Virginia, United States |
| Venue | Patriot Center |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Hana Mandlíková | |
| Doubles | |
| Elise Burgin /  Pam Shriver | |
|  | |


title: 1972–73 Magyar Kupa

abstract: The 1972–73 Magyar Kupa was the 33rd season of Hungary's annual knock-out cup football competition.

text:
# 1972–73 Magyar Kupa

The **1972–73 Magyar Kupa** (English: *Hungarian Cup*) was the 33rd season of Hungary's annual knock-out cup football competition.

## Final

| Vasas SC | 4–3 (a.e.t.) | Budapest Honvéd SE |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Népstadion, BudapestAttendance: 10,000Referee: Lajos Somlai (Hungary)

## InfoBox

1972–73 Magyar Kupa
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Hungary |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Vasas SC |
| Runner-up | Budapest Honvéd SE |
|  | |


title: Economic development organization

abstract: An economic development organization (EDO) is an organization dedicated to the economic development of a region, be it a subnational area such as a town, city, county, province, or state; a whole nation; or transnational regions unified through economic integration. EDOs are typically government agencies, public-private partnerships, or non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working together with other actors to improve the regional economy they focus on. EDOs are sometimes confused with regional development organizations (RDOs) which have a similar focus but whose operations are often based on foreign aid or foreign assistance. EDOs may not even need to fund their operations, programs, and services as they might simply operate as a consortium rather than as an incorporation.

text:
# Economic development organization

An **economic development organization** (**EDO**) is an organization dedicated to the economic development of a region, be it a subnational area such as a town, city, county, province, or state; a whole nation; or transnational regions unified through economic integration. EDOs are typically government agencies, public-private partnerships, or non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working together with other actors to improve the regional economy they focus on (be it internal or external).

EDOs are sometimes confused with regional development organizations (RDOs) which have a similar focus but whose operations are often based on foreign aid or foreign assistance. EDOs may not even need to fund their operations, programs, and services as they might simply operate as a consortium rather than as an incorporation.

## Overview

Economic development has evolved into a professional industry of highly specialized practitioners. The practitioners have two key roles: one is to provide leadership in policy-making, and the other is to administer policy, programs, and projects. Economic development practitioners generally work in public offices on the state, regional, or municipal level, or in public–private partnerships organizations that may be partially funded by local, regional, state, or federal tax money. These economic development organizations function as individual entities and in some cases as departments of local governments. Their role is to seek out new economic opportunities and retain their existing business wealth.

There are numerous other organizations whose primary function is not economic development but which work in partnership with economic developers. They may include the news media, foundations, utilities, schools, health care providers, faith-based organizations, and colleges, universities, and other education or research institutions.

## Criticism

Economic development organizations have faced some criticism from industry groups and economists. As quasi-public entities, the leadership of economic development organizations often oversee large and complicated financial transactions without having the requisite skill level or oversight from competent third parties. Economic development organizations in the U.S., including ones in Montgomery County, Maryland and Warren County, Virginia have been embroiled in financial embezzlement or fiscal mismanagement scandals.


title: 15 Year Killing Spree

abstract: 15 Year Killing Spree is a box set by American death metal band Cannibal Corpse. The cover art contains demons and skeletons placed in windows in a castle surrounded by a moat of blood. Observant Cannibal Corpse fans will notice that the cover art, drawn by the usual artist Vincent Locke draws from the themes and features characters from previous Cannibal Corpse albums. In addition to the three CDs and DVD which are listed below, this boxed set also contains a poster of the band. Two thousand of the posters that were shipped with the boxed set were autographed by the band. The boxed set also contains a booklet with history and commentary by the band members as well as pictures from the band's history. 15 Year Killing Spree also contains a comic book depicting the story behind one of Cannibal Corpse's most famous songs "Unleashing The Bloodthirsty" from their album Bloodthirst.

text:
# 15 Year Killing Spree

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***15 Year Killing Spree*** is a box set by American death metal band Cannibal Corpse. The cover art contains demons and skeletons placed in windows in a castle surrounded by a moat of blood. Observant Cannibal Corpse fans will notice that the cover art, drawn by the usual artist Vincent Locke draws from the themes and features characters from previous Cannibal Corpse albums.

In addition to the three CDs and DVD which are listed below, this boxed set also contains a poster of the band. Two thousand of the posters that were shipped with the boxed set were autographed by the band. The boxed set also contains a booklet with history and commentary by the band members as well as pictures from the band's history.

*15 Year Killing Spree* also contains a comic book depicting the story behind one of Cannibal Corpse's most famous songs "Unleashing The Bloodthirsty" from their album *Bloodthirst*.

## Track listing

Disc one (with Chris Barnes)
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Shredded Humans" |  | 5:11 |
| 2. | "Put Them to Death" | * Barnes * Mazurkiewicz * Owen * Rusay * Webster | 1:48 |
| 3. | "Born in a Casket" | * Barnes * Mazurkiewicz * Owen * Rusay * Webster | 3:19 |
| 4. | "A Skull Full of Maggots" | * Barnes * Mazurkiewicz * Owen * Rusay * Webster | 2:06 |
| 5. | "Gutted" | * Barnes * Mazurkiewicz * Owen * Rusay * Webster | 3:15 |
| 6. | "Covered with Sores" | * Barnes * Mazurkiewicz * Owen * Rusay * Webster | 3:17 |
| 7. | "Vomit the Soul" | * Barnes * Mazurkiewicz * Owen * Rusay * Webster | 4:30 |
| 8. | "Hammer Smashed Face" | * Barnes * Mazurkiewicz * Owen * Rusay * Webster | 4:04 |
| 9. | "Addicted to Vaginal Skin" | * Barnes * Mazurkiewicz * Owen * Rusay * Webster | 3:32 |
| 10. | "The Cryptic Stench" | * Barnes * Mazurkiewicz * Owen * Rusay * Webster | 3:58 |
| 11. | "Staring Through the Eyes of the Dead" | * Barnes * Owen * Webster | 3:30 |
| 12. | "Stripped, Raped and Strangled" |  | 3:27 |
| 13. | "The Pick-Axe Murders" | * Barnes * Webster | 3:03 |
| 14. | "The Bleeding" | * Barnes * Owen | 4:20 |
| 15. | "Zero the Hero" (Black Sabbath cover) |  | 6:35 |

Disc two (with George "Corpsegrinder" Fisher)
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Devoured by Vermin" | * Barrett * Webster | 3:12 |
| 2. | "Disfigured" |  | 3:49 |
| 3. | "Monolith" | * Mazurkiewicz * Webster | 4:25 |
| 4. | "I Will Kill You" | Webster | 2:48 |
| 5. | "Sentenced to Burn" | Webster | 3:07 |
| 6. | "Gallery of Suicide" | * Mazurkiewicz * Owen * Webster | 3:56 |
| 7. | "Dead Human Collection" | * Mazurkiewicz * O'Brien | 2:30 |
| 8. | "The Spine Splitter" | * Mazurkiewicz * Owen | 3:10 |
| 9. | "Pounded into Dust" | Webster | 2:17 |
| 10. | "I Cum Blood" (live) | * Barnes * Mazurkiewicz * Owen * Rusay * Webster | 4:06 |
| 11. | "Fucked With a Knife" (live) | * Barnes * Webster | 2:27 |
| 12. | "Unleashing the Bloodthirsty" (live) | Webster | 4:15 |
| 13. | "Meathook Sodomy" (live) | * Barnes * Mazurkiewicz * Owen * Rusay * Webster | 5:16 |
| 14. | "Savage Butchery" | * Owen * Webster | 1:51 |
| 15. | "Pit of Zombies" | Webster | 3:59 |
| 16. | "Sanded Faceless" | * Mazurkiewicz * O'Brien | 3:52 |
| 17. | "Systematic Elimination" | * Mazurkiewicz * O'Brien | 2:52 |

Disc three (previously unreleased)
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "A Skull Full of Maggots" (1989 demo) | * Barnes * Mazurkiewicz * Owen * Rusay * Webster | 2:25 |
| 2. | "The Undead Will Feast" (1989 demo) | * Barnes * Mazurkiewicz * Owen * Rusay * Webster | 3:01 |
| 3. | "Scattered Remains, Splattered Brains" (1989 demo) | * Barnes * Mazurkiewicz * Owen * Rusay * Webster | 2:41 |
| 4. | "Put Them to Death" (1989 demo) | * Barnes * Mazurkiewicz * Owen * Rusay * Webster | 1:53 |
| 5. | "Bloody Chunks" (1989 demo) | * Barnes * Mazurkiewicz * Owen * Rusay * Webster | 2:26 |
| 6. | "Unburied Horror" (Created to Kill) | * Barnes * Webster | 3:28 |
| 7. | "Mummified in Barbed Wire" (Created to Kill) | * Barnes * Webster | 3:07 |
| 8. | "Gallery of the Obscene" (Created to Kill) | * Barnes * Webster | 3:37 |
| 9. | "To Kill Myself" (Created to Kill) | * Barnes * Owen | 3:41 |
| 10. | "Bloodlands" (Created to Kill) | * Barnes * Webster | 4:29 |
| 11. | "Puncture Wound Massacre" (Created to Kill) | * Barnes * Webster | 1:43 |
| 12. | "Devoured by Vermin" (Created to Kill) | * Barnes * Barrett * Webster | 3:11 |
| 13. | "Chambers of Blood" (Gallery of Suicide demo) | Webster | 4:10 |
| 14. | "Dismembered and Molested" (Gallery of Suicide demo) | * Owen * Webster | 1:57 |
| 15. | "Gallery of Suicide" (Gallery of Suicide demo) | * Mazurkiewicz * Webster | 3:58 |
| 16. | "Unite the Dead" (Gallery of Suicide demo) | * Owen * Webster | 3:04 |
| 17. | "Crushing the Despised" (Gallery of Suicide demo) | * Owen * Webster | 1:50 |
| 18. | "Headless" (Gallery of Suicide demo) | * Mazurkiewicz * Webster | 2:26 |
| 19. | "Bethany Home (A Place to Die)" (The Accüsed cover) | * Dana Collins * Blaine Cook * Tommy Niemeyer * Alex Sibbald | 3:19 |
| 20. | "Endless Pain" (Kreator cover) |  | 3:10 |
| 21. | "Behind Bars" (Razor cover) | Dave Carlo | 2:19 |

Disc four (DVD)

### First live Cannibal Corpse show 1989

1. "Scattered Remains, Splattered Brains"
2. "The Undead Will Feast"
3. "Escape the Torment" (Was never recorded)
4. "Bloody Chunks"
5. "Enter at Your Own Risk" (Was never recorded)
6. "Put Them to Death"
7. "A Skull Full of Maggots"

### "Butchered at Birth" studio footage 1991

1. "Drum sessions for the track 'Covered With Sores' and bass guitar overdub for the track 'Innards Decay'"

### "Cannibal Corpse Eats Moscow Alive" 1993

1. "Shredded Humans"
2. "The Cryptic Stench"
3. "Meathook Sodomy"
4. "Edible Autopsy"
5. "I Cum Blood"
6. "Gutted"
7. "Entrails Ripped from a Virgin's Cunt"
8. "Beyond the Cemetery"
9. "A Skull Full of Maggots"

### Live at Avalon Hollywood, Hollywood, CA 04.12.2002 (Metal Blade 20th Anniversary Party)

1. "From Skin to Liquid"
2. "Savage Butchery"
3. "Devoured by Vermin"
4. "Stripped, Raped and Strangled"
5. "Disposal of the Body"
6. "Pounded Into Dust"
7. "Addicted to Vaginal Skin"
8. "Meat Hook Sodomy"
9. "Pit of Zombies"
10. "Hammer Smashed Face"

## InfoBox

| 15 Year Killing Spree | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Box set by Cannibal Corpse | |
| Released | November 4, 2003 |
| Recorded | 1990–2002 |
| Genre | Death metal |
| Label | Metal Blade |
| Cannibal Corpse chronology | |
| *Worm Infested*
(2003) ***15 Year Killing Spree***
(2003) *The Wretched Spawn*
(2004) | |


title: 1974 Arizona Wildcats baseball team

abstract: The 1974 Arizona Wildcats baseball team represented the University of Arizona during the 1974 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Wildcats played their home games at Wildcat Field. The team was coached by Jerry Kindall in his 2nd season at Arizona. The Wildcats finished 58-6 overall and placed 1st in the Western Athletic Conference's Southern Division with a 16–2 record. Arizona faced Northern Division champion BYU in the WAC Playoffs at Cougar Field in Provo, Utah. The Wildcats defeated BYU 14-5 and 16–5 to win the WAC Championship. Arizona made the postseason for the 1st time in Jerry Kindall's tenure and the 1st time since 1970, and were placed in the District 7 Regional hosted by the University of Northern Colorado at Jackson Field in Greeley, Colorado. The Wildcats lost back-to-back games to Northern Colorado to end their season.

text:
# 1974 Arizona Wildcats baseball team

1974 Western Athletic Conference baseball standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | PCT |  |  | W |  | L |  | PCT |
| Northern | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| BYU  x | 12 |  | 5 |  | .706 |  |  | 29 |  | 17 |  | .630 |
| Utah | 11 |  | 7 |  | .611 |  |  | 18 |  | 25 |  | .419 |
| Wyoming | 7 |  | 10 |  | .412 |  |  | 28 |  | 28 |  | .500 |
| Colorado State | 4 |  | 12 |  | .250 |  |  | 13 |  | 24 |  | .351 |
| Southern | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| No. 9 Arizona  xy | 16 |  | 2 |  | .889 |  |  | 58 |  | 6 |  | .906 |
| No. 19 Arizona State  y | 12 |  | 6 |  | .667 |  |  | 39 |  | 24 |  | .619 |
| New Mexico | 6 |  | 12 |  | .333 |  |  | 28 |  | 23 |  | .549 |
| UTEP | 2 |  | 16 |  | .111 |  |  | 24 |  | 27 |  | .471 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| x  Division champion
Playoff champion
y  Invited to the NCAA tournament
As of June 30, 1974
Rankings from Collegiate Baseball | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1974 Arizona Wildcats baseball team** represented the University of Arizona during the 1974 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Wildcats played their home games at Wildcat Field. The team was coached by Jerry Kindall in his 2nd season at Arizona. The Wildcats finished 58-6 overall and placed 1st in the Western Athletic Conference's Southern Division with a 16–2 record. Arizona faced Northern Division champion BYU in the WAC Playoffs at Cougar Field in Provo, Utah. The Wildcats defeated BYU 14-5 and 16–5 to win the WAC Championship. Arizona made the postseason for the 1st time in Jerry Kindall's tenure and the 1st time since 1970, and were placed in the District 7 Regional hosted by the University of Northern Colorado at Jackson Field in Greeley, Colorado. The Wildcats lost back-to-back games to Northern Colorado to end their season.

## Previous Season

The Wildcats finished the 1973 season with a record of 37-16 and 15–5 in conference play, finishing 2nd in the WAC Southern. Arizona missed the postseason for the 3rd straight season.

## Personnel

### Roster

| 1974 Arizona Wildcats baseball roster | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | • Ronald Bell • Kenneth Bolek
• David Breuker
• James Filippelli
• David Flatt
• Michael Gatlin
• Joel Godfrey | • Denny Haines • Thamos Harmon
Ron Hassey
• Ben Heise
• Scott Norris
• Patrick O'Sullivan
• Steven Powers | • Martin Reid • John Roslund
• Scott Russell
• Mark Schimpf
• Robert Starke
Dave Stegman
• Marvin Thompson |  |  |

### Coaches

| 1974 Arizona Wildcats baseball coaching staff | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

## 1974 Schedule and results

| 1974 Arizona Wildcats Baseball Game Log | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Regular Season | | | | | |
| Date | Opponent | Site/Stadium | Score | Overall Record | WAC Record |
| Feb 15 | Texas Tech | Wildcat FieldTucson, AZ | **W** 10-0 | 1-0 |  |
| Feb 16 | Texas Tech | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 10-0 | 2-0 |  |
| Feb 16 | Texas Tech | Hi Corbett Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 12-1 | 3-0 |  |
| Feb 18 | Azusa Pacific | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 15-1 | 4-0 |  |
| Feb 19 | Azusa Pacific | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 9-2 | 5-0 |  |
| Feb 20 | Cal State Dominguez Hills | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 11-6 | 6-0 |  |
| Feb 21 | Cal State Dominguez Hills | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 6-0 | 7-0 |  |
| Feb 22 | Cal Poly Pomona | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 12-4 | 8-0 |  |
| Feb 22 | Cal Poly Pomona | Hi Corbett Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 3-2 | 9-0 |  |
| Feb 23 | Cal Poly Pomona | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 15-1 | 10-0 |  |
| Feb 25 | Long Beach State | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 2-1 | 11-0 |  |
| Feb 26 | Long Beach State | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 22-1 | 12-0 |  |
| Feb 26 | Long Beach State | Hi Corbett Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 12-1 | 13-0 |  |
| Feb 27 | at Grand Canyon | Brazell FieldPhoenix, AZ | **L** 0-1 | 13-1 |  |
| Mar 1 | San Diego State | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 9-2 | 14-1 |  |
| Mar 2 | San Diego State | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 9-2 | 15-1 |  |
| Mar 2 | San Diego State | Hi Corbett Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 11-3 | 16-1 |  |
| Mar 4 | Grand Canyon | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 12-3 | 17-1 |  |
| Mar 9 | at UCLA | Sawtelle Field • Los Angeles, CA | **W** 9-6 | 18-1 |  |
| Mar 9 | at UCLA | Sawtelle Field • Los Angeles, CA | **W** 13-1 | 19-1 |  |
| Mar 11 | Iowa | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 13-4 | 20-1 |  |
| Mar 12 | Iowa | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 7-3 | 21-1 |  |
| Mar 13 | Iowa | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 23-0 | 22-1 |  |
| Mar 13 | Iowa | Hi Corbett Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 11-6 | 23-1 |  |
| Mar 15 | at San Diego State | Smith FieldSan Diego, CA | **W** 13-3 | 24-1 |  |
| Mar 16 | at San Diego State | Smith Field • San Diego, CA | **L** 3-4 | 24-2 |  |
| Mar 16 | at San Diego State | Smith Field • San Diego, CA | **W** 3-2 | 25-2 |  |
| Mar 18 | Denver | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 9-3 | 26-2 |  |
| Mar 19 | Denver | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 16-1 | 27-2 |  |
| Mar 20 | Colorado State | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 8-0 | 28-2 |  |
| Mar 20 | Weber State | Hi Corbett Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 16-1 | 29-2 |  |
| Mar 21 | Colorado State | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 18-0 | 30-2 |  |
| Mar 21 | Weber State | Hi Corbett Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 2-1 | 31-2 |  |
| Mar 22 | Colorado | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 23-1 | 32-2 |  |
| Mar 22 | Colorado | Hi Corbett Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 9-1 | 33-2 |  |
| Mar 23 | Northern Arizona | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 5-2 | 34-2 |  |
| Mar 23 | Northern Arizona | Hi Corbett Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 12-1 | 35-2 |  |
| Mar 26 | Fairfield | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 19-0 | 36-2 |  |
| Mar 27 | Fairfield | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 11-0 | 37-2 |  |
| Mar 29 | Loyola Marymount | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 16-2 | 38-2 |  |
| Mar 30 | Loyola Marymount | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 11-4 | 39-2 |  |
| Mar 30 | Loyola Marymount | Hi Corbett Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 4-2 | 40-2 |  |
| Apr 5 | at New Mexico | Lobo FieldAlbuquerque, NM | **W** 3-2 | 41-2 | 1-0 |
| Apr 6 | at New Mexico | Lobo Field • Albuquerque, NM | **W** 20-12 | 42-2 | 2-0 |
| Apr 6 | at New Mexico | Lobo Field • Albuquerque, NM | **W** 13-0 | 43-2 | 3-0 |
| Apr 12 | UTEP | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 11-2 | 44-2 | 4-0 |
| Apr 13 | UTEP | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 25-3 | 45-2 | 5-0 |
| Apr 13 | UTEP | Hi Corbett Field • Tucson, AZ | **L** 4-6 | 45-3 | 5-1 |
| Apr 18 | at Arizona State | Packard StadiumTempe, AZ | **W** 6-0 | 46-3 | 6-1 |
| Apr 19 | at Arizona State | Packard Stadium • Tempe, AZ | **W** 6-4 | 47-3 | 7-1 |
| Apr 20 | at Arizona State | Packard Stadium • Tempe, AZ | **L** 3-6 | 47-4 | 7-2 |
| Apr 26 | New Mexico | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 4-0 | 48-4 | 8-2 |
| Apr 27 | New Mexico | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 4-0 | 49-4 | 9-2 |
| Apr 27 | New Mexico | Hi Corbett Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 17-5 | 50-4 | 10-2 |
| May 3 | at UTEP | Dudley FieldEl Paso, TX | **W** 10-0 | 51-4 | 11-2 |
| May 4 | at UTEP | Dudley Field • El Paso, TX | **W** 5-0 | 52-4 | 12-2 |
| May 4 | at UTEP | Dudley Field • El Paso, TX | **W** 27-6 | 53-4 | 13-2 |
| May 9 | Arizona State | Hi Corbett Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 14-3 | 54-4 | 14-2 |
| May 10 | Arizona State | Hi Corbett Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 14-9 | 55-4 | 15-2 |
| May 11 | Arizona State | Hi Corbett Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 11-1 | 56-4 | 16-2 |
| WAC Playoffs | | | | | |
| May 24 | at BYU | Cougar FieldProvo, UT | **W** 14-5 | 57-4 |  |
| May 25 | at BYU | Cougar Field • Provo, UT | **W** 16-5 | 58-4 |  |
| NCAA District 7 Regional | | | | | |
| May 31 | at Northern Colorado | Jackson FieldGreeley, CO | **L** 5-6 | 58-5 |  |
| Jun 1 | at Northern Colorado | Jackson Field • Greeley, CO | **L** 2-6 | 58-6 |  |

### District 7 Regional

| District 7 Regional Teams | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Arizona Wildcats | Northern Colorado Bears | Gonzaga Bulldogs |

## 1974 MLB Draft

| Player | Position | Round | Overall | MLB Team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Denny Haines | C | 4 | 94 | Oakland Athletics |
| Scott Norris | OF | 9 | 204 | New York Yankees |
| Ben Heise | INF | 10 | 220 | Cleveland Indians |
| Mike Gatlin | INF | 1 (6sc) | 1 | Cincinnati Reds |

## InfoBox

| 1974 Arizona Wildcats baseball | |
| --- | --- |
| District 7 Regional | |
| Western Athletic Conference Champions | |
| Conference | Western Athletic Conference |
| CB | No. 9 |
| Record | 58–6 (16–2 WAC) |
| Head coach |  |
| Assistant coach | Jim Wing (2nd season) |
| Home stadium | Wildcat Field
Hi Corbett Field (Select games) |
|


title: Antonio Maceo Brigade

abstract: The Antonio Maceo Brigade was a political organization in the mid-1970s composed of Cuban Americans that demanded the right of Cuban exiles to travel to Cuba and to establish good relations with the Cuban government. The group was mainly composed of young Cuban Americans that had developed leftist sympathies from experiences in the civil rights movement and the anti-war movement, and were generally critical of anti-Castro rhetoric. The group was invited to Cuba personally by Fidel Castro. The visit brought a brief period of warmer Cuba-United States relations and brought attention to the Cuban-American left.

text:
# Antonio Maceo Brigade

The **Antonio Maceo Brigade** was a political organization in the mid-1970s composed of Cuban Americans that demanded the right of Cuban exiles to travel to Cuba and to establish good relations with the Cuban government. The group was mainly composed of young Cuban Americans that had developed leftist sympathies from experiences in the civil rights movement and the anti-war movement, and were generally critical of anti-Castro rhetoric. The group was invited to Cuba personally by Fidel Castro. The visit brought a brief period of warmer Cuba-United States relations and brought attention to the Cuban-American left.

## History

### Foundation

The proposal for an entourage of Cuban exiles to visit Cuba was first raised at the *Instituto de Estudios Cubanos* in 1974 by Lourdes Casal. Differing accounts would later exist as to how they got their name. One account says it was Casal's idea, while another claims the group was nameless until given the name by Cuban authorities during the group's first visit to Cuba.

The travelers of the Antonio Maceo Brigade was a collection of 55 Cuban exiles, from the United States, Mexico, and Spain, headed by Lourdes Casal and Marifeli Pérez-Stable. The brigade only accepted members who had left Cuba in their youth through parental decision and did not participate in anti-Castro activities while in the United States. Many of the members were children of Operation Pedro Pan and had been active in social movements in the United States as well as having garnered sympathies for the Cuban government. Many were contributors to the magazines *Joven Cuba* and *Areito* which both catered to Cuban Americans that favored dialogue with Cuba.

Those who joined the brigade often hoped to prove that they were not counterrevolutionary "gusanos". This desire sprouted from the dual rejection they faced from both right-wing Cuban exiles and left-wing North Americans. At the time the American left-wing Cuban solidarity group the Venceremos Brigade specifically rejected Cuban American members often on belief that all Cuban Americans are middle class and counterrevolutionary "gusanos".

### First trip to Cuba

On December 22, 1977, the brigade took their first trip to Cuba, on the request of the Cuban government after President Jimmy Carter briefly lifted the travel ban with Cuba. The travelers were 55 Cuban exiles, because Cuba would only authorize 55 passports. During the group's two week visit they would be met by cheering crowds, take tours, become involved in volunteer labor, and visit family. The visit was recorded by Cuban filmmakers and released in the film *55 Hermanos* which detailed the visitors searches for cultural and political identity, as well as the suffering their exile has caused. The film was widely screened across Cuba, and the vilified "gusano" image of Cuban exiles faded from popularity.

While some of the original brigadistas asked to permanently return to Cuba, Fidel Castro refused and believed they could be more useful to Cuba by returning home and politically dividing the exile community in the United States.

### Dialogue and continued trips

After the visit Fidel Castro would call for dialogues with Cuban exiles abroad. These dialogues resulted in the release of political prisoners, family unifications, and relaxing of restrictions to visit Cuba.

The Antonio Maceo Brigade was formally organized in 1978 after the first travelers return. The formal organization would be modeled after the Venceremos Brigade but only offered trips to Cuban exiles regardless of background. The trips are meant for the visitors to reconnect with family, assist in projects in Cuba, and evaluate the island for themselves.

Some of the travelers that joined after the original trip were less politically homogeneous. The travelers were still notably counter-cultural, soft drug users, pacifists, and LGBT rights advocates. The Cuban government was uncomfortable with the beliefs and cultural practices many travelers held and tried to instill ideological purity tests in the organization. The organization resisted the demand for these tests, and the Cuban government discouraged contact between exile travelers and Cuban youth.

Various Cuban exiles have traveled to Cuba with the organization's assistance and the organization continues to exist today.

## Legacy

### Politics of Cuban exiles

After their original trip to Cuba, militant anti-communist factions of the Cuban exile community criticized their visit. In 1979, brigadista Carlos Muñiz Varela would be assassinated in Puerto Rico.

To both Cubans and Americans, Cuban exiles were seen less as a solid anti-communist conservative bloc. The plurality of Cuban exile politics became more apparent to the public. The brigade also opened a space for the involvement of Cuban Americans in leftist politics. Within the Cuban exile community a larger debate opened about the benefits of the 1978 dialogue with Cuba.

### Members

Some members would later become disillusioned with their hopes for Cuba, and lose their revolutionary sympathies. One former member Elsa Alvarez would be arrested in 2006 for allegedly spying for Cuba while working at Florida International University.

## InfoBox

Antonio Maceo Brigade
| Brigada Antonio Maceo | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Named after | Antonio Maceo |
| Formation | 1977 (Organized)<br>1978 (Formal formation) |
| Founder | Lourdes Casal and Marifeli Pérez-Stable |
| Purpose | Solidarity with Cuba |
| Location |  |
| Services | Travel to Cuba |
| Affiliations | Venceremos Brigade (inspiration) |


title: Aphomia burellus

abstract: Aphomia burellus is a species of snout moth in the genus Aphomia. It was described by William Jacob Holland in 1900 and is known from Buru in Indonesia.

text:
# Aphomia burellus

***Aphomia burellus*** is a species of snout moth in the genus *Aphomia*. It was described by William Jacob Holland in 1900 and is known from Buru in Indonesia.

## InfoBox

| *Aphomia burellus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Aphomia* |
| Species: | ***A. burellus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aphomia burellus***<br>(Holland, 1900) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Melissoblaptes burellus* Holland, 1900 | |