title: Elmstone Church

abstract: Elmstone Church is an Anglican church in the village of Elmstone in Kent, England. The church dates back to the 13th century, and was designated a Grade II* listed building in 1963. Unusually for churches in the United Kingdom, Elmstone Church does not feature a dedication to any saint.

text:
# Elmstone Church

**Elmstone Church** is an Anglican church in the village of Elmstone in Kent, England. The church dates back to the 13th century, and was designated a Grade II\* listed building in 1963. Unusually for churches in the United Kingdom, Elmstone Church does not feature a dedication to any saint.

## History and architecture

The nave and lower chancel are from Norman times and are built out of flint. The chancel contains a north window and the nave contains two south windows; all three have Caen stone heads and sills, as well as jambs made of flint. Early 14th-century remodelling is visible in the Y-tracery of the west window, and in the three-light east window which contains intersecting tracery. There is also evidence of an early 14th-century enlargement, specifically the north aisle and the north-west tower, both being built out of squared knapped flint. The church also boasts square-headed windows with ogee lights. The porch is situated to the south. There is an arcade of three bays typical of the 13th century, with the west bay being shared by the tower. The piers are octagonal, and the arches are double-chamfered. The priest's stall is dated to the 14th century, and the pulpit is of a late 19th-century design by Edward Schroeder Prior, with linenfold panels reminiscent of Charles Voysey.

The church is not known to feature a dedication to any known saint, a rare occurrence for Anglican churches in the United Kingdom; the church is thereby titled as "Elmstone Church" for any official purposes.

## Glass and windows

In the east of the chancel is a stained glass window consisting of the Passion of Jesus in 12th-century styled roundels. In the east of the north aisle is stained glass depicting the Resurrection of Jesus. Both windows were produced by William Wailes around 1863. In the west of the nave is stained glass depicting the church's armorial; the date is unknown, however architectural historian John Newman gives a probable date of production around 1840. The north aisle also contains a window by Burlison and Grylls, as well as a window depicting the Nativity by James Powell and Sons. A distorted depiction of 7th-century saints is present on a window in the south wall. The west window contains medieval glass, and the north chancel window contains a medieval roundel depiction of the Lamb of God.

## Furniture and monuments

The church possesses a font that is either 12th or 13th century, set on five shafts. There is a Bethersden marble bowl, being square below with a rounded top; the transition is made through anvil-shaped corner pieces. There are four poppyheads incorporated into the rector's stall.

A monument of Robert Jaques (died 1671) is attributable to Joshua Marshall, built in black and white marble into the south side of the chancel. At the top is a frontal bust, with draperies in an antique style.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Elmstone Church | |
| --- | --- |
| South view of the church | |
| Elmstone ChurchLocation in Kent | |
| 51°17′46″N 1°14′31″E / 51.296°N 1.242°E / 51.296; 1.242 | |
| Location | Elmstone, Kent |
| Country | England |
| Denomination | Anglican |
| History | |
| Status | Parish church |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Active |
| Heritage designation | Grade II\* |
| Designated | 11 October 1963 |
| Architectural type | Church |
| Specifications | |
| Materials | Flint |
| Administration | |
| District | Dover |
| Province | Canterbury |
| Diocese | Canterbury |
| Archdeaconry | Canterbury |
| Deanery | East Bridge |
| Parish | Elmstone with Preston and Stourmouth |


title: 1986 Australian Rally Championship

abstract: The 1986 Australian Rally Championship was a series of six rallying events held across Australia. It was the 19th season in the history of the competition. Barry Lowe in the Subaru RX Turbo won the 1986 Driver's Championship. Kate Officer took out the Navigator's championship. Lowe's navigator Mark Stacey placed second as he didn't compete in the opening round.

text:
# 1986 Australian Rally Championship

The **1986 Australian Rally Championship** was a series of six rallying events held across Australia. It was the 19th season in the history of the competition.

Barry Lowe in the Subaru RX Turbo won the 1986 Driver's Championship. Kate Officer took out the Navigator's championship. Lowe's navigator Mark Stacey placed second as he didn't compete in the opening round.

## Season review

The 19th Australian Rally Championship was held over six events across Australia, the season consisting of one event each for New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania and West Australia. The 1986 season saw Barry Lowe silence his critics by winning the ARC title for the second year in a row. It was the last season for the Group G contenders, as the 1987 championship would only be open to Group A cars. Group A cars dominated the season accounting for wins in four of the six events. Lowe only had one outright win for the season, but his consistent high placings saw him victorious at season's end.

## The Rallies

The six events of the 1986 season were as follows.

| Round | Rally | Date |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | The Advocate – Fairfield Stages Rally (TAS) | 5–6 April 1986 |
| 2 | The Forest Rally (WA) | 10–11 May 1986 |
| 3 | Bega Rally of the Valley (NSW) | 7–8 June 1986 |
| 4 | The Keema Classic Rally (QLD) | 18–19 July 1986 |
| 5 | The Tile Supplies Rally (SA) | 18–19 October 1986 |
| 6 | BP Visco Bright Alpine Rally (VIC) | 22–23 November 1986 |
|

### Round One – The Advocate – Fairfield Stages Rally

| Position | Driver | Navigator | Car | Penalties |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Peter Glennie | Coral Taylor | Datsun | 264.14 |
| 2 | David Officer | Kate Officer | Mitsubishi Starion | 264.34 |
| 3 | Barry Lowe | Kevin Pedder | Subaru RX Turbo | 268.52 |
| 4 | Graham Alexander | Graham Sedgwick | Toyota Corolla GT | 271.22 |
| 5 | Phil Reader | Rod Coenan | Mazda RX-4 | 275.02 |
| 6 | Balt Vandenberg | Bill Worsley | Datsun 1600 | 275.24 |
| 7 | Philip Smith | John Howard | Datsun 1600 | 277.25 |
| 8 | Graeme Walkem | Bill Cromarty | Mazda RX-7 | 281.21 |
| 9 | John Brock | Greg Preece | Subaru RX Turbo | 281.53 |
| 10 | Jon Waterhouse | Russ Witty | Mazda RX-7 | 284.07 |
|

### Round Two – The Forest Rally

| Position | Driver | Navigator | Car | Penalties |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Wayne Bell | Dave Boddy | Toyota Corolla GT | 243.10 |
| 2 | Peter Clark | Wayne Kenny | Subaru RX Turbo | 244.33 |
| 3 | Barry Lowe | Mark Stacey | Subaru RX Turbo | 247.28 |
| 4 | John Atkinson | Jim Gleeson | Subaru RX Turbo | 247.45 |
| 5 | John Macara | Rod van der Straaten | Toyota Corolla GT | 248.08 |
| 6 | Greg Carr | Fred Gocentas | Alfa Romeo GTV6 | 249.57 |
| 7 | Peter Myers | Keith Moyes | Toyota Corolla GT | 253.59 |
| 8 | David Officer | Kate Officer | Mitsubishi Starion | 254.28 |
| 9 | Jim Marden | Alan Stafford | Toyota Corolla GT | 254.46 |
| 10 | Clive Slater | Steve Owers | Mitsubishi Galant | 257.54 |
|

### Round Three – Bega Rally of the Valley

| Position | Driver | Navigator | Car | Penalties |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Dave Eadie | Chris Shearer | Datsun 1600 | 223.56 |
| 2 | Ron McKinnon | Steve Owers | Datsun 1600 | 223.59 |
| 3 | Greg Carr | Fred Gocentas | Alfa Romeo GTV6 | 224.53 |
| 4 | David Officer | Kate Officer | Mitsubishi Starion | 226.05 |
| 5 | John Atkinson | Jim Gleeson | Subaru RX Turbo | 226.19 |
| 6 | Barry Lowe | Mark Stacey | Subaru RX Turbo | 229.28 |
| 7 | Peter Glennie | Coral Taylor | Subaru RX Turbo | 229.48 |
| 8 | Andrew Murfett | Tony Jackson | Mazda RX-2 | 230.45 |
| 9 | Arthur Jackson | Roger Mail | Datsun 1600 | 232.53 |
| 10 | Hannu Ropolla | Geoff Jones | Datsun 1600 | 233.27 |
|

### Round Four – The Keema Classic Rally

| Position | Driver | Navigator | Car | Penalties |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Andrew Murfett | Tony Jackson | Mazda 323 4WD | 177.26 |
| 2 | Barry Lowe | Mark Stacey | Subaru RX Turbo | 177.50 |
| 3 | Murray Coote | Ian Stewart | Mazda 323 4WD | 178.50 |
| 4 | Peter Glennie | Coral Taylor | Subaru RX Turbo | 179.11 |
| 5 | Peter Marcovich | Greg Weale | Subaru RX Turbo | 187.13 |
| 6 | David Officer | Kate Officer | Mitsubishi Starion | 187.47 |
| 7 | John Atkinson | Jim Gleeson | Subaru RX Turbo | 189.23 |
| 8 | Greg Batts | Rob Kimmons | Holden Gemini | 194.05 |
| 9 | Glenn Sommerville | Martin Darch | Datsun 1600 | 194.36 |
| 10 | Doug Stewart | Wayne Stewart | Toyota Corolla GT | 198.00 |
|

### Round Five – The Tile Supplies Australia Rally

| Position | Driver | Navigator | Car | Penalties |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Barry Lowe | Mark Stacey | Subaru RX Turbo | 1:36.11 |
| 2 | Andrew Murfett | Tony Jackson | Mazda 323 4WD | 1:36.17 |
| 3 | David Officer | Kate Officer | Mitsubishi Starion | 1:37.12 |
| 4 | Mark Tolcher | David Tolcher | Subaru RX Turbo | 1:38.48 |
| 5 | Peter Glennie | Coral Taylor | Subaru RX Turbo | 1:43.37 |
| 6 | Ed Ordynski | Lynn Wilson | Subaru RX Turbo | 1:48.50 |
|

### Round Six – BP Visco Bright Alpine Rally

| Position | Driver | Navigator | Car | Penalties |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | David Officer | Kate Officer | Mitsubishi Starion | 6:36.06 |
| 2 | Murray Coote | Ian Stewart | Mazda 323 4WD | 6:40.50 |
| 3 | Peter Clark | Wayne Kenny | Subaru RX Turbo | 6:42.46 |
| 4 | Neil Bates | David Jorgensen | Datsun 1600 | 6:44.14 |
| 5 | Geoff Portman | Ross Runnalls | Datsun 1600 | 6:47.30 |
| 6 | Greg Brown | Arthur Davis | Datsun 1600 | 6:48.27 |
| 7 | Barry Lowe | Mark Stacey | Subaru RX Turbo | 6:50.05 |
| 8 | Mark Tolcher | David Tolcher | Subaru RX Turbo | 6:52.13 |
| 9 | Leslie Adams | Ian Enders | Datsun 1600 | 6:53.38 |
| 10 | Paul Bramble | Barrie Nicholl | Holden Commodore V8 | 6:55.33 |
|

## 1986 Drivers and Navigators championships

Final pointscore for 1986 is as follows.

### Barry Lowe – Champion Driver 1986

| Position | Driver | Car | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Barry Lowe | Subaru RX Turbo | 83 |
| 2 | David Officer | Mitsubishi Starion | 66 |
| 3 | Andrew Murfett | Mazda 323 4WD | 64 |
| 4 | Peter Glennie | Subaru RX Turbo | 49 |
| 5 | Greg Carr | Alfa Romeo GTV6 | 30 |
|

### Kate Officer – Champion Navigator 1986

| Position | Navigator | Car | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Kate Officer | Mitsubishi Starion | 67 |
| 2 | Mark Stacey | Subaru RX Turbo | 66 |
| 3 | Tony Jackson | Mazda 323 4WD | 64 |
| 4 | Coral Taylor | Subaru RX Turbo | 49 |
| =5 | Fred Gocentas | Alfa Romeo GTV6 | 30 |
| =5 | Steve Owers | Datsun 1600 | 30 |
|

* Results of Snowy Mountains Rally and ARC results.


title: 1986 Australian Endurance Championship

abstract: The 1986 Australian Endurance Championship was a CAMS sanctioned motor racing title open to Touring Cars as specified in the National Competition Rules of CAMS. The title, which was the sixth Australian Endurance Championship, was contested concurrently with the 1986 Australian Manufacturers' Championship, which was the sixteenth in a sequence of manufacturers championships awarded by CAMS, and the seventh to be contested under the Australian Manufacturers' Championship name. The Australian Endurance Championship was won by Jim Richards driving a BMW 635 CSi and the Australian Manufacturers' Championship was awarded to Nissan. Although Nissan team driver George Fury won 4 of the 6 rounds, missing the opening round at Amaroo Park and failing to finish at Bathurst, along with the consistency of Richards who scored in every round saw the Kiwi win his second straight Endurance title in the BMW. However, his wins, along with high placings by teammates Gary Scott and Terry Sheil gave Nissan an easy 27 point win over BMW in the Manufacturers' title with Jim Richards virtually playing a lone hand for the Bavarian marque. Round 5, The Sun South Pacific 300 at Calder Park in Melbourne, saw the first ever rolling start in Australian touring car racing. The race also doubled as the opening round of the five race South Pacific Touring Car Championship, with the second round being the Group A support race for the 1986 Australian Grand Prix in Adelaide. The remaining 3 rounds of the South Pacific series were held in New Zealand with Allan Grice, driving a Commodore in Australia and a Skyline in New Zealand, emerging as champion.

text:
# 1986 Australian Endurance Championship

The **1986 Australian Endurance Championship** was a CAMS sanctioned motor racing title open to Touring Cars as specified in the National Competition Rules of CAMS. The title, which was the sixth Australian Endurance Championship, was contested concurrently with the **1986 Australian Manufacturers' Championship**, which was the sixteenth in a sequence of manufacturers championships awarded by CAMS, and the seventh to be contested under the Australian Manufacturers' Championship name.

The Australian Endurance Championship was won by Jim Richards driving a BMW 635 CSi and the Australian Manufacturers' Championship was awarded to Nissan. Although Nissan team driver George Fury won 4 of the 6 rounds, missing the opening round at Amaroo Park and failing to finish at Bathurst, along with the consistency of Richards who scored in every round (including winning at Amaroo) saw the Kiwi win his second straight Endurance title in the BMW. However, his wins, along with high placings by teammates Gary Scott and Terry Sheil gave Nissan an easy 27 point win over BMW in the Manufacturers' title with Jim Richards virtually playing a lone hand for the Bavarian marque.

Round 5, The Sun South Pacific 300 at Calder Park in Melbourne, saw the first ever rolling start in Australian touring car racing (though rolling starts had been seen in Series Production during the 1960s and 1970s). The race also doubled as the opening round of the five race South Pacific Touring Car Championship, with the second round being the Group A support race for the 1986 Australian Grand Prix in Adelaide. The remaining 3 rounds of the South Pacific series were held in New Zealand with Allan Grice, driving a Commodore in Australia and a Skyline in New Zealand, emerging as champion.

## Calendar

The championship was contested over a six-round series.

| Round | Race name | Circuit | Date | Winner(s) | Car | Team | Report |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Better Brakes 300 | Amaroo Park | 3 August | Jim Richards | BMW 635 CSi | JPS Team BMW |  |
| 2 | BP Plus 300 | Surfers Paradise | 24 August | George Fury
Glenn Seton | Nissan Skyline DR30 RS | Peter Jackson Nissan Racing |  |
| 3 | Castrol 500 | Sandown Raceway | 14 September | George Fury
Glenn Seton | Nissan Skyline DR30 RS | Peter Jackson Nissan Racing | Report |
| 4 | James Hardie 1000 | Mount Panorama | 5 October | Allan Grice
Graeme Bailey | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Chickadee Chicken | Report |
| 5 | The Sun South Pacific 300 | Calder Park | 19 October | George Fury
Glenn Seton | Nissan Skyline DR30 RS | Peter Jackson Nissan Racing |  |
| 6 | Pepsi 250 | Oran Park | 8 November | George Fury | Nissan Skyline DR30 RS | Peter Jackson Nissan Racing |  |

## Class structure

Cars competed in three classes defined according to engine capacity:

* Class A : Up to 2000cc
* Class B : 2001 to 3000cc
* Class C : 3001 to 6000cc

## Championship points system

Australian Endurance Championship points were awarded to the drivers of the top twenty placed cars in each round, with the actual allocation dependent on the **outright** position obtained and the class in which the car was competing.

| Outright Position | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th | 11th | 12th | 13th | 14th | 15th | 16th | 17th | 18th | 19th | 20th |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| If car in Class A | 30 | 27 | 24 | 21 | 19 | 17 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 |
| If car in Class B | 28 | 26 | 23 | 20 | 18 | 16 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| If car in Class C | 25 | 23 | 20 | 17 | 15 | 13 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

Two drivers per car were compulsory at both the Sandown and Bathurst rounds.

For races in which two drivers per car were not compulsory but two drivers each drove more than one third distance, points for the position gained were shared equally between the two drivers.

For races in which two drivers per car were not compulsory but two drivers did not both drive more than one third distance each, full points were awarded to the driver who drove the greater distance.

For races in which two drivers were compulsory, full points were awarded to both drivers provided that each had driven more than one third distance.

In all cases points were only awarded to a driver who had driven no more than one car during the event.

Only the highest scoring car of each make earned points (for its manufacturer in each race) and then only the points applicable to the position filled.

## Results

### Australian Endurance Championship

| Pos. | Driver | No. | Class | Car | Entrant | Ama. | Sur. | San. | Bat. | Cal. | Ora. | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Jim Richards | 1 | C | BMW 635 CSi | JPS Team BMW | 25 | 23 | 15 | 13 | 20 | 23 | **119** |
| 2 | George Fury | 30 | B | Nissan Skyline DR30 RS | Peter Jackson Nissan Racing | - | 28 | 28 | - | 14 | 28 | **98** |
| 3 | Tony Longhurst | 25
1 | B
C | BMW 325i
BMW 635 CSi | JPS Team BMW | 26
 | 20
 |
15 |
13 | 10
 | -
 | **84** |
| 4 | Murray Carter | 36 | B | Nissan Skyline DR30 RS | Everlast Battery Service | 12 | 14 | 14 | 11 | 4 | 17 | **72** |
| 5 | Colin Bond | 75 | B | Alfa Romeo GTV6 | Network Alfa | 23 | 13 | 6 | - | 5.5 | 23 | **70.5** |
| 6 | Gary Scott | 15 | B | Nissan Skyline DR30 RS | Peter Jackson Nissan Racing | - | - | 26 | 23 | 20 | - | **69** |
| 7 | Peter Brock | 05 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Mobil Holden Dealer Team | - | 6.5 | 17 | 15 | 23 | - | **61.5** |
| 8 | John Harvey | 3 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Mobil Holden Dealer Team | - | - | 10 | 23 | 10 | 17 | **60** |
| 9 | Terry Shiel | 15 | B | Nissan Skyline DR30 RS | Peter Jackson Nissan Racing | - | - | 26 | 23 | - | 6 | **55** |
| 10 | Graeme Bailey | 2 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Chickadee Chicken | - | 8 | 20 | 25 | - | - | **53** |
| 11 | Allan Grice | 2 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Chickadee Chicken | - | - | 20 | 25 | - | - | **45** |
| 12 | Glenn Seton | 30 | B | Nissan Skyline DR30 RS | Peter Jackson Nissan Racing | - | - | 28 | - | 14 | - | **42** |
| 13 | Allan Moffat | 05 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Mobil Holden Dealer Team | - | 6.5 | 17 | 15 | - | - | **38.5** |
| 14 | Dick Johnson | 17 | C | Ford Mustang GT | Palmer Tube Mills | - | 20 | - | 17 | - | - | **37** |
| 15 | Neal Lowe | 3 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Mobil Holden Dealer Team | - | - | 10 | 23 | - | - | **33** |
| 16 | Graeme Crosby | 6 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Bob Jane T-Marts | - | 7.5 | 13 | 5 | 4.5 | - | **30** |
| | Wayne Wilkinson | 6 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Bob Jane T-Marts | - | 7.5 | 13 | 5 | 4.5 | - | **30** |
| 18 | Mike Quinn | 61 | A | Toyota Sprinter AE86 | Bob Holden Motors
Toyota Team Australia | 17 | - | 5 | 3 | - | - | **25** |
| | Bill O'Brien | 36 | B | Nissan Skyline DR30 RS | Everlast Battery Service | - | - | 14 | 11 | - | - | **25** |
| 20 | John Giddings | 60 | A | Nissan Gazelle | Giddings Moss Vale | - | 11 | - | - | 2 | 11 | **24** |
| 21 | John Smith | 16 | A | Toyota Corolla GT | Toyota Team Australia | 19 | - | - | - | 2 | - | **21** |
| 22 | Garry Rogers | 7 | C | BMW 635 CSi | Goold Motorsport | - | - | 7 | - | - | 13 | **20** |
| | Brad Jones | 53 | B | Mitsubishi Starion Turbo | BJ Motorsport | 20 | - | - | - | - | - | **20** |
| 24 | Tony Mulvihill | 19 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Tony Mulvihill | 10 | - | 5 | 4 | - | - | **19** |
| | Larry Perkins | 11 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Enzed Team Perkins | - | - | 4 | - | 15 | - | **19** |
| 26 | Charlie O'Brien | 7 | C | BMW 635 CSi | Goold Motorsport | - | - | 7 | - | 11 | - | **18** |
| | David Ratcliff | 58 | A | Toyota Sprinter AE86 | Ratcliff Transport Spares | 11 | 7 | - | - | - | - | **18** |
| 28 | Gregg Hansford | 17 | C | Ford Mustang GT | Palmer Tube Mills | - | - | - | 17 | - | - | **17** |
| 29 | Brian Callaghan | 47 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Brian Callaghan | 5.5 | - | - | - | - | 11 | **16.5** |
| | Warren Cullen | 8 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Cullen Supa Salvage | - | - | - | 10 | 6.5 | - | **16.5** |
| | Gary Sprague | 8 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Cullen Supa Salvage | - | - | - | 10 | 6.5 | - | **16.5** |
| 32 | Brian Bolwell | 87 | B | BMW 323i | Brian Bolwell | 9 | - | 5 | - | - | - | **14** |
| | Graham Lusty | 23 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Lusty Engineering P/L | - | - | - | 3 | 2 | 9 | **14** |
| 34 | Gerald Kay | 24 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Jagparts | 8 | - | - | - | 5 | - | **13** |
| 35 | Warwick Rooklyn | 57 | B | Alfa Romeo GTV6 | Network Alfa | - | - | - | 3 | - | 9 | **12** |
| | Franz Klammer | 14 | B | Mercedes-Benz 190E 2.3-16 | Bob Jane T-Marts | - | - | - | 12 | - | - | **12** |
| | Denny Hulme | 14 | B | Mercedes-Benz 190E 2.3-16 | Bob Jane T-Marts | - | - | - | 12 | - | - | **12** |
| 38 | Peter Williamson | 77 | C | Toyota Celica Supra | Peter Williamson Toyota | - | - | 11 | - | - | - | **11** |
| | Mark Skaife | 77 | C | Toyota Celica Supra | Peter Williamson Toyota | - | - | 11 | - | - | - | **11** |
| | Graham Moore | 22 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Formula 1 Investments | - | - | - | 11 | - | - | **11** |
| | Michel Delcourt | 22 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Formula 1 Investments | - | - | - | 11 | - | - | **11** |
| | David Morton |  | A | Toyota Corolla | Toyota Team Australia | - | 8 | 3 | - | - | - | **11** |
| 43 | Garry Wilmington | 12 | C | Jaguar XJ-S | Garry Wilmington | - | - | - | - | - | 10 | **10** |
| | Neville Crichton | 42 | B | Volvo 240T | Volvo Dealer Team | - | - | - | 10 | - | - | **10** |
| | Graeme McRae | 42 | B | Volvo 240T | Volvo Dealer Team | - | - | - | 10 | - | - | **10** |
| 46 | Alf Grant | 27 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Dulux Autocolour | - | 9 | - | - | - | - | **9** |
| | Mike Burgmann | 33 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Michael Burgmann | - | - | 9 | - | - | - | **9** |
| | Mal Rose | 33 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Michael Burgmann | - | - | 9 | - | - | - | **9** |
| | Ken Mathews | 19 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Tony Mulvihill | - | - | 5 | 4 | - | - | **9** |
| | Chris Clearihan | 36 | A
C | Toyota Corolla
Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Toyota Team Australia
Airport Car Rental | - | - | 3 | 6 | - | - | **9** |
| 51 | Lucio Cesario | 57 | B | Alfa Romeo GTV6 | Network Alfa | - | - | - | 3 | 5.5 | - | **8.5** |
| 52 | Ray Ellis | 38 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Grellis Marketing | - | - | 6 | 2 | - | - | **8** |
| | John Faulkner | 61 | A | Toyota Corolla GT | Toyota Team Australia | - | - | 5 | 3 | - | - | **8** |
| | Tony Kavich | 28 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Yellow Pages | - | - | - | - | - | 8 | **8** |
| | Kerry Baily | 38 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Grellis Marketing | - | - | 6 | 2 | - | - | **8** |
| 56 | Peter McLeod | 4 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Autopart Centre | - | - | - | - | 3 | 4 | **7** |
| 57 | Peter Fitzgerald | 75 | B | Alfa Romeo GTV6 | Network Alfa | - | - | 6 | - | - | - | **6** |
| | Bruce Stewart | 60 | A | Nissan Gazelle | Giddings Moss Vale | - | - | 4 | - | 2 | - | **6** |
| | Trevor Ashby | 34 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Lansvale Racing Team | - | 6 | - | - | - | - | **6** |
| | Fred Geissler | 36 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Airport Car Rental | - | - | - | 6 | - | - | **6** |
| 61 | Barry Graham | 47 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Brian Callaghan | 5.5 | - | - | - | - | - | **5.5** |
| 62 | Tony Farrell | 87 | B | BMW 323i | Brian Bolwell | - | - | 5 | - | - | - | **5** |
| | John Craft |  | B | Ford Capri 3000S | John Craft | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | **5** |
| 64 | Ray Gulson | 49 | B | Alfa Romeo GTV6 | Ray Gulson | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | **4** |
| | David Parsons | 11 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Enzed Team Perkins | - | - | 4 | - | - | - | **4** |
| 66 | Denis Horley |  | B | Ford Capri 3000S | Denis Horley | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | **3** |
| | Daryl Hendrick |  | A | Isuzu Gemini ZZ | Daryl Hendrick | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | **3** |
| | John Lusty | 23 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Lusty Engineering | - | - | - | 3 | - | - | **3** |
| | Drew Price | 16 | A | Toyota Corolla GT | Toyota Team Australia | - | - | - | - | 3 | - | **3** |
| 70 | Lester Smerdon | 35 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Lester Smerdon | - | 2.5 | - | - | - | - | **2.5** |
| | Geoff Russell | 35 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Lester Smerdon | - | 2.5 | - | - | - | - | **2.5** |
| | Gregory Whitaker |  | A | Toyota Corolla | Gregory Whitaker | - | 2.5 | - | - | - | - | **2.5** |
| | Charlie Senese |  | A | Toyota Corolla | Gregory Whitaker | - | 2.5 | - | - | - | - | **2.5** |
| 74 | Keith McClelland | 62 | A | Toyota Sprinter AE86 | Bob Holden Motors | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | **2** |
| | Brian Nightingale | 62 | A | Toyota Sprinter AE86 | Bob Holden Motors | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | **2** |
| | Ken Lusty | 23 | C | Holden VK Commodore SS Group A | Lusty Engineering | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | **2** |
| 77 | Simon Emmerling | 26 | C | BMW 635 CSi | Simon Emmerling | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | **1** |
| | Trevor Hine | 26 | C | BMW 635 CSi | Simon Emmerling | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | **1** |

### Australian Manufacturers' Championship

| Position | Manufacturer | Points |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Nissan | 147 |
| 2 | BMW | 120 |
| 3 | Holden | 111 |
| 4 | Alfa Romeo | 80 |
| 5 | Toyota | 44 |
| 6 | Ford | 40 |
| 7 | Mitsubishi | 20 |
| 8 | Mercedes-Benz | 10 |
| 9 | Volvo | 10 |

1986 Australian Touring Car season

## Further reading

* Australia's Greatest Motor Race, 1960 - 1989 (1990)
* Racing Car News, December 1986


title: Arch Muirhead

abstract: John Archibald Muirhead was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Fitzroy Football Club and St Kilda Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

text:
# Arch Muirhead

**John Archibald Muirhead** (25 July 1876 – 22 April 1958) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Fitzroy Football Club and St Kilda Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Arch Muirhead | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | John Archibald Muirhead | | |
| Date of birth | (1876-07-25)25 July 1876 | | |
| Place of birth | Campbellfield, Victoria | | |
| Date of death | 22 April 1958(1958-04-22) (aged 81) | | |
| Place of death | Queensland | | |
| Original team(s) | Fitzroy Juniors | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1897–1898 | Fitzroy | 16 (3) |
| 1900–1901 | St Kilda | 33 (1) |
| Total |  | **49 (4)** |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1901. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Embassy of the United Kingdom, Kabul

abstract: The Embassy of the United Kingdom in Kabul was the United Kingdom's diplomatic mission to Afghanistan. The British first established a diplomatic mission, a legation, in 1922 after the Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919. The Viceroy of India George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston ordered that a large and opulent compound be constructed and this was completed in 1927. The legation was withdrawn in the Kabul Airlift as a result of the 1928-29 civil war but was re-established in 1930. The legation became an embassy in 1948 but this was withdrawn in 1989 following the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan. The embassy compound was handed over to Pakistan in 1994. Following the 2001 United States invasion of Afghanistan an embassy was re-established at a new site in the Wazir Akbar Khan District. The embassy, on the edge of Kabul's secure zone, was considered vulnerable to attack in 2018 and consideration was given to a new site, but did not proceed. Following the start of the 2021 withdrawal of foreign troops from Afghanistan there has been speculation that the embassy might close. Since August 2021, the embassy has been operating from Doha, Qatar.

text:
# Embassy of the United Kingdom, Kabul

The **Embassy of the United Kingdom in Kabul** was the United Kingdom's diplomatic mission to Afghanistan. The British first established a diplomatic mission, a legation, in 1922 after the Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919. The Viceroy of India George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston ordered that a large and opulent compound be constructed and this was completed in 1927. The legation was withdrawn in the Kabul Airlift as a result of the 1928-29 civil war but was re-established in 1930. The legation became an embassy in 1948 but this was withdrawn in 1989 following the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan. The embassy compound was handed over to Pakistan in 1994. Following the 2001 United States invasion of Afghanistan an embassy was re-established at a new site in the Wazir Akbar Khan District. The embassy, on the edge of Kabul's secure zone, was considered vulnerable to attack in 2018 and consideration was given to a new site, but did not proceed. Following the start of the 2021 withdrawal of foreign troops from Afghanistan there has been speculation that the embassy might close.

Since August 2021, the embassy has been operating from Doha, Qatar.

## Legation

The United Kingdom established full diplomatic relations with Afghanistan after the Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919, which included for an exchange of diplomatic missions. Before this the British government maintained only an agent in Kabul. Under the treaty, which ended the Third Anglo-Afghan War, Britain recognised Afghanistan's independence. The treaty also ended British payments to the Afghan king in return for control over foreign policy. The funds were instead used to establish a British diplomatic mission in Kabul; as Afghanistan was considered a minor nation this would be a legation rather than an embassy. Because of the historic relationship between British India and Afghanistan the legation came under the purview of the India Office rather than the Foreign Office. In 1921 the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston declared that the compound "should be one of the finest Residences in Asia".

The legation compound was completed in 1927, though the mission had been established in 1922 and began operating from the compound in 1926. The legation was caught in the crossfire between a loyalist and rebel army in the 1928-29 civil war. The legation staff were withdrawn in the Kabul Airlift, but the mission was re-established in 1930 when diplomatic relations were opened with the government of Mohammed Nadir Shah.

## 1948–1989 embassy

Following Indian independence in 1947 legation staff had to choose to transfer to the British, Indian or Pakistani civil service. In 1948, the legation formally became an embassy. It became known for its luxury and was described as "a 25-acre (10 ha) haven of Edwardian comfort and security".

The embassy remained in Afghanistan during the Soviet–Afghan War (which began in 1979) but was withdrawn in January 1989 when Soviet troops began to be withdrawn from the country. The embassy and those of the US, France, Italy and Japan were withdrawn as the security situation deteriorated. British embassy staff and their families recalled walking the 3 miles (4.8 km) to the airport "through enemy lines" to catch flights to India. The closure of foreign embassies effectively withdrew diplomatic recognition from Afghan president Mohammad Najibullah who remained in power, with Soviet and then Russian backing, until 1992 when the mujahedeen took Kabul. The withdrawal was criticised by some commentators at the time as "wholly political, and contrary to the realistic and non-political traditions of British diplomacy". Some nations, such as India and Pakistan, maintained embassies in the Islamic State of Afghanistan.

The British government handed the embassy compound over to Pakistan in 1994 and it became the embassy of that country. The embassy was attacked in 1995 by 5,000 Afghans protesting Pakistani involvement in Afghan affairs. The Pakistani embassy was withdrawn shortly afterwards.

## Post-2001 embassy

A British embassy in Kabul was re-established following the 2001 United States invasion of Afghanistan. The British government began negotiations to purchase the former legation compound but failed to reach an agreement with Pakistan. The Pakistani embassy was reopened in the former minister's residence of the legation compound in 2012. The British government secured a new site in the city's Wazir Akbar Khan District, which became a secure zone with offices for many Afghan and foreign institutions. The British embassy is located close to the edge of the secure zone. Newly arrived embassy staff were surprised to find that the pre-1989 ambassadorial china, crystal and silver were safe, having been kept secure by two former embassy caretakers.

On 27 November 2014, an armoured convoy of the embassy staff was targeted in a bomb attack around 3 miles (4.8 km) east of the embassy. Six people were killed, including a British G4S embassy security guard and two Afghan embassy employees; a further British security guard was wounded. In 2018, following a large bomb attack on nearby embassies, the British government considered relocating the embassy as the current site was thought vulnerable to attack. A former Afghan Transport Ministry office near the US embassy was investigated but it was decided not to relocate. On 2 April 2020, a British G4S embassy security guard was found dead on its grounds, with traces of drugs in his system. The British Council in Afghanistan was co-located with the embassy.

### 2021 Afghanistan withdrawal

Following the start of the 2021 withdrawal of foreign troops from Afghanistan, there was considerable discussion in Afghanistan and the foreign press over whether the British embassy might close. The Australian and Belgian embassies had closed the same year over security concerns. As of 2 July 2021, security at the site continued to be provided by private contractors, though there was speculation that these would soon be replaced by British Army personnel, as had happened at the US embassy.

Following the fall of Kabul to Taliban forces on 15 August 2021, 600 troops were deployed to help evacuate embassy personnel, local Afghan staff, and approximately 4,000 British nationals stranded in Afghanistan. Defence Secretary Ben Wallace stated that the embassy would be moved to a safer location. Subsequently, the embassy relocated to Kabul International Airport where a skeleton staff continued to operate until 29 August when operations moved to Doha.

Some 160 GardaWorld employees worked at the embassy and most applied for the Ministry of Defence-run Afghan relocations and assistance policy (Arap) all except 21 translators were rejected in July 2021. The workers were told they were ineligible due to working for a contractor rather than direct for the British government. In mid-August, the GardaWorld contract was demobilised. Several of the guards were informed of this over the phone.

## InfoBox

| Embassy of the United Kingdom <br>in Kabul | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | 15th Street, Roundabout Wazir Akbar Khan, PO Box 334, Kabul (until August 2021) |
| Coordinates | 34°32′02″N 69°10′46″E / 34.53389°N 69.17944°E / 34.53389; 69.17944 |
| Relocated | Doha, Qatar (from August 2021) |
| Ambassador | Laurie Bristow |
| Website | Website |


title: Emine Demirtaş

abstract: Emine Demirtaş is a Turkish badminton player.

text:
# Emine Demirtaş

**Emine Demirtaş** (born 1 August 1997) is a Turkish badminton player.

## Achievements

### BWF International Challenge/Series (2 runners-up)

*Mixed doubles*

| Year | Tournament | Partner | Opponent | Score | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | Turkey International | Serdar Koca | Melih Turgut
Fatma Nur Yavuz | 14–21, 22–20, 11–21 | **Runner-up** |
| 2017 | Hellas International | Serdar Koca | Osman Uyhan
Aliye Demirbağ | 16–21, 14–21 | **Runner-up** |

BWF International Challenge tournament   BWF International Series tournament   BWF Future Series tournament

## InfoBox

| Emine Demirtaş | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Born | (1997-08-01) 1 August 1997 |
| Women's singles & doubles | |
| Highest ranking | 541 (WS 6 October 2016)
313 (WD 2 June 2016)
132 (XD 25 August 2016) |
| BWF profile | |


title: Elyse (film)

abstract: Elyse is a 2020 American drama film written and directed by Stella Hopkins and starring Anthony Hopkins and Lisa Pepper. It is Stella Hopkins's directorial debut.

text:
# Elyse (film)

***Elyse*** is a 2020 American drama film written and directed by Stella Hopkins and starring Anthony Hopkins and Lisa Pepper. It is Stella Hopkins's directorial debut.

## Cast

## Release

Gravitas Ventures acquired North American distribution rights to the film in October 2020. The film was released in theaters and on VOD on December 4, 2020.

## Reception

The film has a 43% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

Richard Roeper of the *Chicago Sun-Times* awarded the film one and a half stars out of four.

## InfoBox

| Elyse | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Stella Hopkins |
| Written by | Stella Hopkins |
| Produced by | Tara Arroyave
Stella Hopkins
Anthony Hopkins
Aaron Tucker |
| Starring | Anthony Hopkins
Lisa Pepper |
| Cinematography | Dante Spinotti |
| Edited by | Bob Joyce |
| Music by | Anthony Hopkins |
| Distributed by | Gravitas Ventures |
| Release date | * December 4, 2020 (2020-12-04) |
| Running time | 95 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: 1985 Soviet Army Cup final

abstract: The 1985 Cup of the Soviet Army final was the 3rd final of the Cup of the Soviet Army, and was contested between CSKA Sofia and Cherno More Varna on 1 June 1983 at Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia. CSKA won the final 4–0.

text:
# 1985 Soviet Army Cup final

The **1985 Cup of the Soviet Army final** was the 3rd final of the Cup of the Soviet Army (as a secondary cup tournament in Bulgaria), and was contested between CSKA Sofia and Cherno More Varna on 1 June 1983 at Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia. CSKA won the final 4–0.

## Match

### Details

| CSKA Sofia | 4−0 | Cherno More Varna |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tanev  16'
Slavkov  18', 59'
Mladenov  58' |  |  |

Vasil Levski National Stadium, SofiaAttendance: 15,000Referee: Ivan Yosifov

| GK **1**  Krasimir Dosev  DF **2**  Nedyalko Mladenov   78'  DF **3**  Angel Chervenkov  DF **4**  Vasil Tinchev  DF **5**  Georgi Dimitrov  MF **6**  Radoslav Zdravkov  MF **7**  Iliya Voynov  FW **8**  Georgi Slavkov   74'  FW **9**  Lachezar Tanev  FW **10**  Kostadin Yanchev  MF **11**  Stoycho Mladenov  **Substitutes:**  FW **--**  Hristo Stoichkov   74'  DF **--**  Krasimir Bezinski   78'  **Manager:**  Manol Manolov |  | GK **1**  Georgi Popov  DF **2**  Svetozar Svetozarov  DF **3**  Todor Marev  DF **4**  Yuliyan Hristov  DF **5**  Krasimir Diamandiev   58'  MF **6**  Todor Atanasov  FW **7**  Plamen Ganev   66'  MF **8**  Milen Bakardzhiev  FW **9**  Nikola Spasov  FW **10**  Rafi Rafiev  MF **11**  Yuliyan Spasov  **Substitutes:**  DF **--**  Valeri Karov   58'  FW **--**  Mario Valkov   66'  **Manager:**  Todor Velikov |
| --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

1985 Cup of the Soviet Army final
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 9 May 1985 |
| Venue | Vasil Levski National Stadium, Sofia |
| Referee | Ivan Yosifov |
| Attendance | 15,000 |
|


title: 1985 Soviet Cup final

abstract: The 1985 Soviet Cup Final was a football match that took place at the Lenin's Central Stadium, Moscow on June 23, 1985. The match was the 44th Soviet Cup Final and it was contested by FC Dynamo Kyiv and FC Shakhtar Donetsk. The Soviet Cup winner Dinamo won the cup for the seventh time. The last year defending holders Dinamo Moscow were eliminated in the round of 16 of the competition by Dinamo Kiev on penalties. It was fourth and the last all-Ukrainian Soviet Cup final.

text:
# 1985 Soviet Cup final

The **1985 Soviet Cup Final** was a football match that took place at the Lenin's Central Stadium, Moscow on June 23, 1985. The match was the 44th Soviet Cup Final and it was contested by FC Dynamo Kyiv and FC Shakhtar Donetsk. The Soviet Cup winner Dinamo won the cup for the seventh time. The last year defending holders Dinamo Moscow were eliminated in the round of 16 of the competition by Dinamo Kiev on penalties.

It was fourth and the last all-Ukrainian Soviet Cup final.

## Road to Moscow

All sixteen Soviet Top League clubs did not have to go through qualification to get into the competition, so Dinamo and Shakhter both qualified for the competition automatically.

*Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).*

| Dinamo Kiev | | Round | Shakhter Donetsk | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Opponent | Result | 1984–85 Soviet Cup | Opponent | Result |
| Nistru Kishinev (A) | 4–2 | First round | Kotaik Abovyan (A) | 3–1 |
| Dinamo Moscow (H) | 1–1 (a.e.t.) (6–5 ) | Second round | Ararat Yerevan (H) | 2–1 |
| Kairat Alma-Ata (H) | 2–1 | Quarter-finals | Dnepr Dnepropetrovsk (H) | 2–1 |
| Iskra Smolensk (H) | 3–0 | Semi-finals | Zenit Leningrad (H) | 0–0 (a.e.t.) (4–2 ) |

## Previous Encounters

## Match details

| Dinamo Kiev | 2  1 | Shakhter Donetsk |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Demianenko  56'
Blokhin  58' | Report | Morozov  68' |

Tsentralny Stadion imeni Lenina, MoscowAttendance: 53,200Referee: Valeri Butenko (Moscow)

---

| Soviet Cup 1985 Winners |
| --- |
|
| Dynamo Kyiv
**Seventh title** |

## InfoBox

1985 Soviet Cup Final
| Event | 1984-85 Soviet Cup |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Date | 23 June 1985 |
| Venue | Tsentralny Stadion imeni Lenina, Moscow |
| Referee | Valeriy Butenko (Moscow) |
| Attendance | 53,200 |
|


title: Ards Forest Park

abstract: Ards Forest Park is a park in County Donegal, Ireland.

text:
# Ards Forest Park

**Ards Forest Park** is a park in County Donegal, Ireland.

## History and Location

The forest park is situated on the small Ards Peninsula. It sits on the shores of Sheephaven Bay on the northern coastline of County Donegal, Ireland. It's to be found on the N56 road, between Creeslough and Dunfanaghy. Ards Forest Park was formerly part of the Ards Estate, a country estate purchased by Alexander Stewart in the 1780s. The Ards Estate, centered on Ards House (demolished in the early 1960s), was owned by the Stewart family up until the early 1930s. The last member of the Stewart family to own the estate was Lady Ena Stewart-Bam, who inherited from her grandfather around 1904. She was the wife of Lt. Col. Sir Pieter C. van B. Stewart-Bam, Kt., O.B.E., a South African soldier, politician and businessman whom she married in 1910. The forest park is now owned by Coillte, a State body.

## Sights and walks within the park

Today, the forest park is 481 hectares in area and contains a range of wildlife and plants, as well as the remains of four ringforts and a number of megalithic tombs. Legend has it that these tombs were the beds of Diarmuid and Gráinne in their flight from Fionn Mac Cumhaill.

The forest park has many signposted walks integrating the main features of the park. These include the Ards Heritage Trail, which is around 3.5 km long, the Nature Trail and the Green Trail, which are both approximately 3 km long, and the Red Trail, which is 13 km long, though this walk does give provisions for a short-cut back to the starting point should it be needed. There are various viewing points on the walks and trails with views of the surrounding countryside.

The Ards Heritage Trail passes a well called the Ague Well, which is alleged to be holy and have remedial powers, and a Mass rock where mass was celebrated in defiance of the Penal Laws.

The forest park also has a picnic and children's play area and a snack outlet called the Ards Coffee Tree.

## Nearby

Just outside the forest park, at Ballymore on its northern border, is Clondehorky Parish Church, a Church of Ireland church built in the Georgian style in the mid-18th-century. The small parish church overlooks the N56 road, being located between Creeslough and Port-na-Blagh. It may have been designed by Micheal Priestly. Directly opposite the church's main gate is Ballymore Arch, built for the Stewart family in the 19th-century to improve access from the church to Ards House, which was several miles distant at the edge of the small Ards Peninsula.

55°09′11″N 7°54′21″W / 55.15314°N 7.90587°W / 55.15314; -7.90587


title: Arashi (song)

abstract: V no Arashi "Arashi" is a song recorded by the Japanese boy band of the same name. It was released on November 3, 1999, by the record label Pony Canyon as the band's first single. "Arashi" was used as the theme song for Arashi's mini-drama V no Arashi (Vの嵐) and for the 8th World Cup of Volleyball hosted by Japan in 1999, featuring the group as supporters. While both the regular and limited editions were released as a CD single containing two songs and its instrumentals, only the limited edition included a poster. A new version of "Arashi", A-ra-shi: Reborn, was released on December 20, 2019, as a single in the start of the Reborn project. A-ra-shi: Reborn was later included in the Arashi Reborn Vol.1 extended play, released on February 28, 2020, together with A Day in Our Life: Reborn, and One Love: Reborn.

text:
# Arashi (song)

"**Arashi**" (stylized as **A・RA・SHI**) is a song recorded by the Japanese boy band of the same name. It was released on November 3, 1999, by the record label Pony Canyon as the band's first single. "Arashi" was used as the theme song for Arashi's mini-drama *V no Arashi* (Vの嵐) and for the 8th World Cup of Volleyball hosted by Japan in 1999, featuring the group as supporters. While both the regular and limited editions were released as a CD single containing two songs and its instrumentals, only the limited edition included a poster.

A new version of "Arashi", A-ra-shi: Reborn, was released on December 20, 2019, as a single in the start of the *Reborn* project. A-ra-shi: Reborn was later included in the *Arashi Reborn Vol.1* extended play, released on February 28, 2020, together with A Day in Our Life: Reborn, and One Love: Reborn.

## Single information

When it was released, an estimated 80,000 fans showed up to attend the single's debut event. In 2006, its chorus ("You are my soul! Soul!") was the name of the band's South Korea concert, *You Are My Seoul, Soul*.

The song's music video was included in their official YouTube channel, when it opened in 2019, and later on, also a live version. The song was also included in their official pages of streaming sites Apple Music, Spotify, and the such.

## Track list

All music is composed by Kōji Makaino

| No. | Title | Lyrics | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Arashi" | J&T | 4:26 |
| 2. | "Ashita ni Mukatte" (明日に向かって, "Facing Tomorrow") | Yūzō Ōtsuka | 4:32 |
| 3. | "Arashi" (instrumental) |  | 4:26 |
| 4. | "Ashita ni Mukatte" (instrumental) |  | 4:32 |
| Total length: | | | 18:08 |

## Chart performance

Selling over 557,000 in its first week and over 970,000 copies by the end of its chart run, the single is the group's best-selling single. The single was certified double platinum in Japan for a shipment of 800,000 copies.

## Charts and certifications

## Release history

Release history and formats for "Arashi"
| Region | Date | Format | Version | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Japan | November 3, 1999 | CD (PCDJ-00001) | Original | Pony Canyon |  |
| | October 16, 2019 | | Streaming | J Storm |  |
| | | | Various |  |
| | | | October 22, 2019 | Live |  |

## InfoBox

| "Arashi" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Arashi | |
| from the album  *Arashi No.1 Ichigou: Arashi wa Arashi o Yobu!* | |
| B-side | "Ashita ni Mukatte" |
| Released | November 3, 1999 (1999-11-03) |
| Recorded | 1999 |
| Genre | Pop, rock |
| Length | 18:08 |
| Label | Pony Canyon |
| Songwriter(s) | J&T, Kōji Makaino |
| Arashi singles chronology | |
| "**Arashi**"
(1999) "Sunrise Nippon / Horizon"
(2000) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "A・RA・SHI" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: 1987 Benson & Hedges Cup

abstract: The 1987 Benson & Hedges Cup was the sixteenth edition of cricket's Benson & Hedges Cup. The competition was won by Yorkshire County Cricket Club.

text:
# 1987 Benson & Hedges Cup

The **1987 Benson & Hedges Cup** was the sixteenth edition of cricket's Benson & Hedges Cup.

The competition was won by Yorkshire County Cricket Club.

## Fixtures and results

### Group stage

#### Group A

| Team | Pld | W | L | NR | Pts | BpR |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Gloucestershire | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 1.407 |
| Northamptonshire | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 1.260 |
| Derbyshire | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 1.443 |
| Nottinghamshire | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 1.721 |
| Leicestershire | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1.705 |

#### Group B

| Team | Pld | W | L | NR | Pts | BpR |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Yorkshire | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 1.508 |
| Worcestershire | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 1.533 |
| Lancashire | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1.649 |
| Warwickshire | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1.675 |
| Scotland | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2.164 |

#### Group C

| Team | Pld | W | L | NR | Pts | BpR |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Somerset | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 1.255 |
| Hampshire | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 1.401 |
| Essex | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 1.911 |
| Middlesex | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1.644 |
| Combined Universities | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1.667 |

#### Group D

| Team | Pld | W | L | NR | Pts | BpR |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Surrey | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 1.276 |
| Kent | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 1.282 |
| Glamorgan | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1.450 |
| Sussex | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1.455 |
| Minor Counties | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1.682 |

### Quarter-finals

### Semi-finals

* Two reserve days used. Surrey were 41/3 at the close of the first day's play. No play on the first reserve day.

### Final

Benson & Hedges Cup

## InfoBox

1987 Benson & Hedges Cup
| Administrator(s) | Test and County Cricket Board |
| --- | --- |
| Cricket format | Limited overs cricket(55 overs per innings) |
| Champions | Yorkshire (1st title) |
| Participants | 20 |
| Matches | 47 |
| Most runs | **445** Ashley Metcalfe (Yorkshire) |
| Most wickets | **15** Stuart Fletcher (Yorkshire) |
|


title: Emil Ernst

abstract: Emil Ernst was a German astronomer and discoverer of a minor planet. He did his PhD dissertation in 1918 at the Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl at the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg in southern Germany. At the time, the observatory at Heidelberg was a center for asteroid discovery under the direction of Max Wolf. During his time there, Ernst discovered the main-belt asteroid 705 Erminia.

text:
# Emil Ernst

Asteroids discovered: 1
| 705 Erminia | October 6, 1910 | MPC |
| --- | --- | --- |

**Emil Ernst** (6 June 1889– 26 June 1942) was a German astronomer and discoverer of a minor planet.

He did his PhD dissertation in 1918 at the Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl (Heidelberg Observatory) at the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg in southern Germany.

At the time, the observatory at Heidelberg was a center for asteroid discovery under the direction of Max Wolf. During his time there, Ernst discovered the main-belt asteroid 705 Erminia.


title: Apostolic Nunciature to Ethiopia

abstract: The Apostolic Nunciature to Ethiopia is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Ethiopia. It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador. The Apostolic Nuncio to Ethiopia is usually also the Apostolic Nuncio to Djibouti, the Apostolic Delegate to Somalia and Apostolic Representative to the African Union upon his appointment.

text:
# Apostolic Nunciature to Ethiopia

The **Apostolic Nunciature to Ethiopia** is an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church in Ethiopia. It is a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador. The Apostolic Nuncio to Ethiopia is usually also the Apostolic Nuncio to Djibouti, the Apostolic Delegate to Somalia and Apostolic Representative to the African Union upon his appointment.

## List of papal representatives

Apostolic Internuncios Apostolic Pro-Nuncios Apostolic Nuncios


title: Emil D. Munch

abstract: Emil D. Munch was an American politician and businessman. Munch was born in Halberstadt, Prussia. He emigrated to the United States in 1849 and settled in Taylors Falls, Minnesota, in 1852, and then in Chengwatana, Minnesota, in 1857. He was in the lumber industry and owned a sawmill. Munch served in the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1860 and 1861. He was a Republican. During the American Civil War, Munch served in the 1st Minnesota Light Artillery Battery and was commissioned a major. He was wounded during the American Civil War. Munch serve as Minnesota State Treasurer from 1868 to 1872. He continued to be involved in the lumber business. Munch also operated a flour mill in Afton, Minnesota. He died in Afton, Minnesota.

text:
# Emil D. Munch

**Emil D. Munch** (December 12, 1831  August 30, 1887) was an American politician and businessman.

Munch was born in Halberstadt, Prussia. He emigrated to the United States in 1849 and settled in Taylors Falls, Minnesota, in 1852, and then in Chengwatana, Minnesota, in 1857. He was in the lumber industry and owned a sawmill. Munch served in the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1860 and 1861. He was a Republican. During the American Civil War, Munch served in the 1st Minnesota Light Artillery Battery and was commissioned a major. He was wounded during the American Civil War. Munch serve as Minnesota State Treasurer from 1868 to 1872. He continued to be involved in the lumber business. Munch also operated a flour mill in Afton, Minnesota. He died in Afton, Minnesota.


title: Archaeological Museum of Lorca

abstract: The Archaeological Museum of Lorca is an archaeological museum in Lorca, Spain, located in the renovated "House of Salazar" which had been built in the early 17th century. The museum is a store house of all the archaeological antiquaries found during excavations in several historical areas of Lorca and from other regions in Spain. Limestone statues made in the Lavant area of Lorca decorate the façade. These statues carved are of Mary Natareloo Salazar flanked by figures of two naked female torsos. Inside the museum exhibits are in several sections arranged in a sequence. In the lobby and the first section of the museum the exhibits are: Prehistoric paleolithic and chalcolithic period finds seen in the flint section consist of antiquaries of scrapers, knives and points used by the hunters and gatherers who lived in Black Hill of Jofré and the Correia in Lorca; utensils arrowheads, axes, polished piece, handmade pottery, beads of people who lived in the region of Lorca during the late Neolithic period; the Copper Age findings of funerary objects found in the caves of the hills in Lorca; stone architecture of the megaliths of the Black Hill in Lorca; the later part of the third millennium idols made from clay, bone and stone from the excavations from the Glorieta de San Vicente, one particular item of display is the triangular plate of stone painted in black with schematic rock art painting and other animal on the shoulder blade; the two columns of Emperor Augustus and Emperor Diocletian; and the Roman period mosaics, faces of Venus and the nine females of the period. Exhibits in other sections of the museum display excavations from various regions of Lorca. These are: Chalcolithic burial funerary remains with many objects, circular silo of the fag end period of the Neolithic period with objects such as ceramic vessels, bone spatulas, polished stone axes and many bone awls with flint stone pieces; Argar cultural finds of the second millennium BC from the villages of the high flat land in the form of copper and bronze objects, hand made pottery, adze, sickle, grain milling and storage and a model of a village of the times, burial boxes made of stone slabs, ceramic jars used as funerary urns and a cenotaph burial urn; the Iberian cultural objects of pottery, metallurgical objects, weaving tools, ritual funeral objects and insignia of Iberian falcate along with shield, spears, cover for the falcata, belt buckle, etc.; furniture in tombs of the Iberain period found in the necropolis of Lorca along with bronze objects such as brooches, rings, bracelets, ceramics cups, pyxes, and loom weights, a Greek kylix cup of 5th century BC, furniture of a tomb of the 4th century BC, and many of the ceramics are with inscriptions in Liberian language; the "Pax Romana" period of the first two centuries after Christ with ornamental mosaics in villas of rich people of the valley, ceramics, metal parts, loom weights and lamps of Roman vintage; Roman god Mercury image made in bronze, the Hispano culture represented by objects of pottery, religion and funerary rites, incised ornamentation and chamber pots, representation of Islamic religious buildings such as models of the archway of the mosque of the Cortijo del Centeno in La Tova, Lorca, and objects of Islamic burial rituals; objects from the late Middle Ages such as the 13th-century fortification of the city and its castle with several pieces from the ghetto inside the Castle, Hanukkah and glass lamps from the synagogue; coins and medals covering the Phoenician, Greek, Hellenistic, Ibero-Punic, Iberian, Hispanic-Latino, Roman from the 2nd century until the beginning of 5th century AD, Byzantine and Moorish Spain periods; and Spanish pottery, ceramics glazed in white, gray, molasses and without decoration of the 16th and 17th centuries, the Lorca potteries from the 17th century such as the "jar girlfriend", a creation of a pitcher decorated with glass of the 17th century.

text:
# Archaeological Museum of Lorca

The **Archaeological Museum of Lorca** (*Museo Arqueológico de Lorca*) is an archaeological museum in Lorca, Spain, located in the renovated "House of Salazar" which had been built in the early 17th century.

The museum is a store house of all the archaeological antiquaries found during excavations in several historical areas of Lorca and from other regions in Spain. Limestone statues made in the Lavant area of Lorca decorate the façade. These statues carved are of Mary Natareloo Salazar flanked by figures of two naked female torsos. Inside the museum exhibits are in several sections arranged in a sequence. In the lobby and the first section of the museum the exhibits are: Prehistoric paleolithic (95000-32000 BC) and chalcolithic period (32,000 to 9000 BC) finds seen in the flint section consist of antiquaries of scrapers, knives and points used by the hunters and gatherers who lived in Black Hill of Jofré and the Correia in Lorca; utensils arrowheads, axes, polished piece, handmade pottery, beads of people who lived in the region of Lorca during the late Neolithic period (3500 BC); the Copper Age (3000 BC) findings of funerary objects found in the caves of the hills in Lorca; stone architecture of the megaliths of the Black Hill in Lorca; the later part of the third millennium idols made from clay, bone and stone from the excavations from the Glorieta de San Vicente (Lorca city), one particular item of display is the triangular plate of stone painted in black with schematic rock art painting and other animal on the shoulder blade; the two columns of Emperor Augustus (8-7 BC) and Emperor Diocletian; and the Roman period mosaics, faces of Venus and the nine females of the period.

Exhibits in other sections of the museum display excavations from various regions of Lorca. These are: Chalcolithic burial funerary remains with many objects (carbon dated age of more than 4000 years), circular silo of the fag end period of the Neolithic period with objects such as ceramic vessels, bone spatulas, polished stone axes and many bone awls with flint stone pieces; Argar (2200-1500 BC) cultural finds of the second millennium BC from the villages of the high flat land in the form of copper and bronze objects, hand made pottery, adze, sickle, grain milling and storage and a model of a village of the times, burial boxes made of stone slabs, ceramic jars used as funerary urns and a cenotaph burial urn; the Iberian cultural objects of pottery (made by skilled workmanships using lathes), metallurgical objects, weaving tools, ritual funeral objects and insignia of Iberian falcate along with shield, spears, cover for the falcata, belt buckle, etc.; furniture in tombs of the Iberain period found in the necropolis of Lorca along with bronze objects such as brooches, rings, bracelets, ceramics cups, pyxes, and loom weights, a Greek kylix cup of 5th century BC, furniture of a tomb of the 4th century BC, and many of the ceramics are with inscriptions in Liberian language (script is yet to be deciphered); the "Pax Romana" period of the first two centuries after Christ with ornamental mosaics in villas of rich people of the valley, ceramics, metal parts, loom weights and lamps of Roman vintage; Roman god Mercury image made in bronze, the Hispano culture represented by objects of pottery, religion and funerary rites, incised ornamentation and chamber pots, representation of Islamic religious buildings such as models of the archway of the mosque of the Cortijo del Centeno in La Tova, Lorca, and objects of Islamic burial rituals; objects from the late Middle Ages such as the 13th-century fortification of the city and its castle with several pieces from the ghetto inside the Castle (up to 1492), Hanukkah and glass lamps from the synagogue; coins and medals covering the Phoenician, Greek, Hellenistic, Ibero-Punic, Iberian, Hispanic-Latino, Roman from the 2nd century until the beginning of 5th century AD, Byzantine and Moorish Spain periods; and Spanish pottery, ceramics glazed in white, gray, molasses and without decoration of the 16th and 17th centuries, the Lorca potteries from the 17th century such as the "jar girlfriend", a creation of a pitcher decorated with glass of the 17th century.

37°40′43″N 1°41′48″W / 37.6785°N 1.6966°W / 37.6785; -1.6966


title: Archaeological Museum of Manisa

abstract: Archeological Museum of Manisa is an archeological museum within the Manisa Museum, situated in the historic kulliye of Muradiye Mosque built by Mimar Sinan. Local and regional artefacts from antique Magnesia, Sardes and other regional towns are displayed. The museum displays cover a wide range of eras from prehistory to the 20th century. Ethnography Museum is in the nearby building. The museum was opened on October 29, 1937.

text:
# Archaeological Museum of Manisa

**Archeological Museum of Manisa** is an archeological museum within the Manisa Museum, situated in the historic kulliye of Muradiye Mosque built by Mimar Sinan. Local and regional artefacts from antique Magnesia, Sardes and other regional towns are displayed. The museum displays cover a wide range of eras from prehistory to the 20th century. Ethnography Museum is in the nearby building. The museum was opened on October 29, 1937.

## InfoBox

Archaeological Museum of Manisa
| Manisa Arkeoloji Müzesi | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location within Turkey | |
| Established | 1937 |
| Location | Manisa, Turkey |
| Coordinates | 38°36′37″N 27°25′47″E / 38.61030°N 27.42986°E / 38.61030; 27.42986 |
| Type | Archeology |
| Website | www.manisakulturturizm.gov.tr/belge/1-56221/muzeler.html |


title: 1989 Swiss Indoors

abstract: The 1989 Swiss Indoors was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the St. Jakobshalle in Basel, Switzerland that was part of the 1989 Nabisco Grand Prix circuit. It was the 20th edition of the tournament and took place from 3 October until 8 October 1989. Unseeded Jim Courier won the singles title.

text:
# 1989 Swiss Indoors

The **1989 Swiss Indoors** was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the St. Jakobshalle in Basel, Switzerland that was part of the 1989 Nabisco Grand Prix circuit. It was the 20th edition of the tournament and took place from 3 October until 8 October 1989. Unseeded Jim Courier won the singles title.

## Finals

### Singles

Jim Courier defeated  Stefan Edberg 7–6, 3–6, 2–6, 6–0, 7–5

* It was Courier's first singles title of his career.

### Doubles

Udo Riglewski /  Michael Stich defeated  Omar Camporese /  Claudio Mezzadri 6–3, 4–6, 6–0

## InfoBox

| 1989 Swiss Indoors | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 3–8 October |
| Edition | 20th |
| Category | Grand Prix |
| Draw | 32S / 16D |
| Prize money | 361,000 |
| Surface | Carpet / indoor |
| Location | Basel, Switzerland |
| Venue | St. Jakobshalle |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Jim Courier | |
| Doubles | |
| Udo Riglewski /  Michael Stich | |
|  | |


abstract: The 1986 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1986 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their ninth season under head coach Herb Deromedi, the Chippewas compiled a 5–5 record, finished in a tie for fifth place in the MAC standings, and were outscored by their opponents, 284 to 258. The team played its home games in Kelly/Shorts Stadium in Mount Pleasant, Michigan, with attendance of 118,457 in five home games. The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Marcelle Carruthers with 912 passing yards, Rodney Stevenson with 1,104 rushing yards, and Melvin Houston with 210 receiving yards. Offensive guard Rick Poljan received the team's most valuable player award. Three Central Michigan players received first-team All-MAC honors.

text:
# 1986 Central Michigan Chippewas football team

1986 Mid-American Conference football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| Miami (OH) $ | 6 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 8 |  | 4 |  | 0 |
| Toledo | 5 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 7 |  | 4 |  | 0 |
| Bowling Green | 5 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
| Kent State | 5 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
| Ball State | 4 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  |  | 6 |  | 5 |  | 0 |
| Eastern Michigan | 4 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  |  | 6 |  | 5 |  | 0 |
| Central Michigan | 4 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 5 |  | 0 |
| Western Michigan | 3 |  | 5 |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  | 8 |  | 0 |
| Ohio | 0 |  | 8 |  | 0 |  |  | 1 |  | 10 |  | 0 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * $  Conference champion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1986 Central Michigan Chippewas football team** represented Central Michigan University in the Mid-American Conference (MAC) during the 1986 NCAA Division I-A football season. In their ninth season under head coach Herb Deromedi, the Chippewas compiled a 5–5 record (4–4 against MAC opponents), finished in a tie for fifth place in the MAC standings, and were outscored by their opponents, 284 to 258. The team played its home games in Kelly/Shorts Stadium in Mount Pleasant, Michigan, with attendance of 118,457 in five home games.

The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Marcelle Carruthers with 912 passing yards, Rodney Stevenson with 1,104 rushing yards, and Melvin Houston with 210 receiving yards. Offensive guard Rick Poljan received the team's most valuable player award. Three Central Michigan players (offensive tackle Brian Williams, offensive guard Rick Poljan, and running back Rodney Stevenson) received first-team All-MAC honors.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 13 | Idaho* |  | W 34–21 |  |  |
| September 20 | Bowling Green | * Kelly/Shorts Stadium * Mount Pleasant, MI | W 20–10 |  |  |
| September 27 | Ohio | * Kelly/Shorts Stadium * Mount Pleasant, MI | W 56–27 |  |  |
| October 4 | at Kent State |  | L 30–33 |  |  |
| October 11 | Western Michigan | * Kelly/Shorts Stadium * Mount Pleasant, MI (rivalry) | W 18–10 |  |  |
| October 18 | at Tulsa* |  | L 6–42 | 10,876 |  |
| October 25 | at Eastern Michigan |  | L 16–34 |  |  |
| November 1 | at Miami (OH) |  | L 21–59 |  |  |
| November 8 | Toledo | * Kelly/Shorts Stadium * Mount Pleasant, MI | L 14–26 |  |  |
| November 15 | Ball State | * Kelly/Shorts Stadium * Mount Pleasant, MI | W 43–22 |  |  |
| * \*Non-conference game | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1986 Central Michigan Chippewas football | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Mid-American Conference |
| Record | 5–5 (4–4 MAC) |
| Head coach |  |
| MVP | Rick Poljan |
| Home stadium | Kelly/Shorts Stadium |
|


title: Emmet, South Dakota

abstract: Emmet is a ghost town in Emmet Township, Union County, South Dakota, United States.

text:
# Emmet, South Dakota

**Emmet** is a ghost town in Emmet Township, Union County, South Dakota, United States.

## Geography

Emmet is located at (42.98665, -96.7464).

Emmet has been assigned the ZIP code 57004, and the FIPS place code 19510.

## History

The Emmet community started as early as 1871. The area was settled by an Irish-German colony, originating from Galena, Illinois. The community once had a general store, Emmet Hall, and St. Joseph's Catholic Church.

Eventually, the railroads passed through larger towns, causing populations and businesses in smaller communities such as Emmet to move away. Today, the only physical remnant of the Emmet community is the parsonage and the St. Joseph Cemetery, which surrounds the site where the old Catholic church once stood. This cemetery is still commonly known as the Emmet Cemetery.

The old Emmet Hall building (also known as Forrester's Hall) stood for a few decades. It was located approximately half a mile north and two miles west of the St. Joseph Cemetery. The multisided building was best known as the place where Lawrence Welk and his band once performed. After the 1950s, the building was no longer used as a dance hall and was converted for farm use. Two large sliding doors were added to the building's west side; and, the building was reported to have been used to store grain and to house sheep. The demolition of the building was reported to have occurred in November 2015.

1. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
2. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
3. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.

## InfoBox

| Emmet, South Dakota | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Coordinates: 42°57′9″N 96°44′35″W / 42.95250°N 96.74306°W / 42.95250; -96.74306 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | South Dakota |
| County | Union |
| Area | |
| Total | 36.0 sq mi (93.1 km2) |
| Land | 36.0 sq mi (93.1 km2) |
| Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,299 ft (396 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 257 |
| Density | 7.1/sq mi (2.8/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 57004 |
| Area code | 605 |
| FIPS code | 46-19500 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1269001 |


title: 1988 Amstel Gold Race

abstract: The 1988 Amstel Gold Race was the 23rd edition of the annual road bicycle race "Amstel Gold Race", held on Sunday April 23, 1988, in the Dutch province of Limburg. The race stretched 242 kilometres, with the start in Heerlen and the finish in Meerssen. There were a total of 169 competitors, with 96 cyclists finishing the race.

text:
# 1988 Amstel Gold Race

The **1988 Amstel Gold Race** was the 23rd edition of the annual road bicycle race "Amstel Gold Race", held on Sunday April 23, 1988, in the Dutch province of Limburg. The race stretched 242 kilometres, with the start in Heerlen and the finish in Meerssen. There were a total of 169 competitors, with 96 cyclists finishing the race.

## Result

Final result (1–10)
| Rank | Rider | Time |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Jelle Nijdam (NED) | 6h 28' 42" |
| 2 | Steven Rooks (NED) | \+ 17" |
| 3 | Claude Criquielion (BEL) | \+ 17" |
| 4 | Éric Boyer (FRA) | \+ 17" |
| 5 | Marc Sergeant (BEL) | \+ 26" |
| 6 | Steve Bauer (CAN) | \+ 42" |
| 7 | Dag Otto Lauritzen (NOR) | \+ 42" |
| 8 | Bruno Cornillet (FRA) | \+ 42" |
| 9 | Martial Gayant (FRA) | \+ 42" |
| 10 | Rolf Gölz (FRG) | \+ 1' 01" |


title: Emily Kunstler

abstract: Emily Kunstler is an American documentary filmmaker. Kunstler grew up in New York City's West Village neighborhood.

text:
# Emily Kunstler

**Emily Kunstler** (born June 24, 1978) is an American documentary filmmaker. Kunstler grew up in New York City's West Village neighborhood.

## Family

Kunstler is the daughter of lawyer William Kunstler, famous for his historic civil rights and anti-war cases and Margaret Ratner Kunstler, prominent New York human rights attorney.

## Off Center Media

In 1999, Kunstler co-founded Off Center Media with her sister Sarah Kunstler. Off Center is a documentary production company that claimed to expose injustice in the criminal justice system through the creation and circulation of media.

Kunstler completed a celebratory documentary about her father entitled *William Kunstler: Disturbing the Universe* that screened at the Sundance Film Festival in 2009. The film was a co-production of the Independent Television Service and aired on the PBS series *P.O.V.*. In 2009, the film was nominated for the Documentary Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival. In 2010, the film was among 15 films shortlisted for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for the 83rd Academy Awards. Her film *Tulia, Texas: Scenes from the Drug War* won Best Short Documentary at the Woodstock Film Festival (2002) and her film *Getting Through to the President* won the Jury Prize at the Black Maria Film Festival and the Audience Choice Award at the Portland International Short Short Film Festival (2004).

In 2021 Kunstler completed *Who We Are: A Chronicle of Racism in America*, which premiered at South by Southwest Film Festival in 2021 and won the Audience Award in the Documentary Spotlight Category. The film was acquired by Sony Pictures Classics and theatrically released January 14, 2022.

1. "Top Rated New York, NY Civil Rights Attorney - Margaret Kunstler". *Super Lawyers*. Retrieved 2021-04-13.
2. "Off Center Media". *Off Center Media*. Retrieved 2021-04-13.
3. "Emily & Sarah Kunstler, "William Kunstler: Disturbing the Universe": Family, Legacy & Social Justice". *IndieWire*. 12 January 2009.
4. Jagernauth, Kevin (2010-11-18). "The Biggest Surprise Of The Oscar Documentary Shortlist Are The Snubs". *IndieWire*. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
5. "Tulia, Texas: Scenes from the Drug War". *Off Center Media*. Retrieved 2021-04-13.
6. "Getting Through to the President". *Off Center Media*. Retrieved 2021-04-13.
7. "The Who We Are Project". *The Who We Are Project*. Retrieved 2021-04-13.
8. "2021 SXSW Film Festival Lineup Announced: Features, Shorts, Episodics & More". *SXSW*. 2021-02-10. Retrieved 2021-03-02.
9. "Audience Awards Winners for the 2021 SXSW Film Festival". *SXSW*. 2021-03-23. Retrieved 2021-04-13.
10. "Sony Pictures Classics Acquires Worldwide Rights to 'Who We Are' 2021 SXSW Audience Award Winner".


# 1990 New Zealand parliamentary term referendum

A referendum on the length of the term of the New Zealand Parliament was held on 27 October 1990. Voters were asked whether they approved of extending the term of office from three years to four. The change was rejected by 69% of voters, with a turnout of 82%.

## Results

| Choice | | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Three years | | 1,258,018 | 69.33 |
| Four years | | 556,559 | 30.67 |
| Total | | 1,814,577 | 100.00 |
|  | | | |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 2,202,157 |  |
| Source: Nohlen *et al.* | | | |

## InfoBox

1990 New Zealand parliamentary term referendum
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
| --- | |
| \[\_\] I vote for 3 years as the term of Parliament as at present.<br>\[\_\] I vote for 4 years as the term of Parliament. | |
| Results | |
| Choice Votes  %  **Three Years** **1,258,018** **69.33%**  **Four Years** 556,559 30.67% | |


title: 1989 European Open – Doubles

text:
# 1989 European Open – Doubles

Christiane Jolissaint and Dianne Van Rensburg were the defending champions but only van Rensburg competed that year with Belinda Cordwell.

Cordwell and van Rensburg lost in the quarterfinals to Sandra Cecchini and Laura Gildemeister.

Katrina Adams and Lori McNeil won in the final 2–6, 6–3, 6–4 against Larisa Savchenko and Natasha Zvereva.

## Seeds

Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.

1. Larisa Savchenko /  Natasha Zvereva *(final)*
2. **Katrina Adams** /  **Lori McNeil (champions)**
3. Elise Burgin /  Betsy Nagelsen *(semifinals)*
4. Belinda Cordwell /  Dianne Van Rensburg *(quarterfinals)*

## Draw

### Key

## InfoBox

| Doubles | |
| --- | --- |
| 1989 European Open | |
| 1988 Champions |  |
| Champions |  |
| Runners-up |  |
| Score | 2–6, 6–3, 6–4 |


# 1989 European Parliament election in Belgium

Elections to the European Parliament were held in Belgium on 18 June 1989. The Dutch-speaking electoral college elected 13 MEPs and the French-speaking electoral college elected 11 MEPs.

The first election to the newly established Brussels Regional Council was held on the same day.

## Results

| Party | | Votes | % | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| French-speaking electoral college | | | | |
|  | Socialist Party | 854,207 | 38.13 | 5 |
|  | Christian Social Party | 476,795 | 21.28 | 2 |
|  | Liberal Reformist Party | 423,479 | 18.90 | 2 |
|  | Ecolo | 371,053 | 16.56 | 2 |
|  | Democratic Front of Francophones | 85,867 | 3.83 | 0 |
|  | Socialist Workers' Party | 10,117 | 0.45 | 0 |
|  | Workers' Party of Belgium | 9,031 | 0.40 | 0 |
|  | List for Europe, Workers and Democracy | 5,503 | 0.25 | 0 |
|  | Humanist Party | 4,342 | 0.19 | 0 |
| Total | | 2,240,394 | 100.00 | 11 |
| Dutch-speaking electoral college | | | | |
|  | Christian People's Party | 1,247,075 | 34.08 | 5 |
|  | Flemish Socialist Party | 733,242 | 20.04 | 3 |
|  | Party for Freedom and Progress | 625,561 | 17.10 | 2 |
|  | Agalev | 446,539 | 12.20 | 1 |
|  | People's Union-European Free Alliance | 318,153 | 8.70 | 1 |
|  | Vlaams Blok | 241,117 | 6.59 | 1 |
|  | Rainbow | 26,472 | 0.72 | 0 |
|  | Workers' Party of Belgium | 20,747 | 0.57 | 0 |
| Total | | 3,658,906 | 100.00 | 13 |
|  | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 5,899,300 | 91.62 |  |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 539,438 | 8.38 |  |
| Total votes | | 6,438,738 | 100.00 |  |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 7,096,273 | 90.73 |  |
| Source: Belgian Elections | | | | |

## InfoBox

1989 European Parliament election in Belgium
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  24 seats to the European Parliament | |
| First party Second party   Leader Leo Tindemans Ernest Glinne  Party CVP PS  Alliance EPP PES  Last election 4 seats, 19.80% 5 seats, 13.32%  Seats won 5 5  Seat change  1   Popular vote 1,247,075 854,207  Percentage 21.14% 14.48%  Swing  1.34%  1.16%   ---  Third party Fourth party   Leader Marc Galle Willy De Clercq  Party Vooruit PVV-PLP  Alliance PES ALDE  Last election 4 seats, 17.12% 2 seats, 10.60%  Seats won 3 3  Seat change  1  1  Popular vote 733,242 678,421  Percentage 12.43% 11.37%  Swing  4.69%  0.77% | |


title: 1988 South Australian Open

abstract: The 1988 South Australian Open also known for this event as the Australian Hard Court Championships was a Grand Prix tennis circuit tournament held at Memorial Drive in Adelaide, Australia. The tournament was held from 28 December 1987 to 5 January 1988. Third-seeded Mark Woodforde won the singles title.

text:
# 1988 South Australian Open

The **1988 South Australian Open** also known for this event as the Australian Hard Court Championships was a Grand Prix tennis circuit tournament held at Memorial Drive in Adelaide, Australia. The tournament was held from 28 December 1987 to 5 January 1988. Third-seeded Mark Woodforde won the singles title.

## Finals

### Singles

Mark Woodforde defeated  Wally Masur 6–2, 6–4

* It was Woodforde's first singles title of the year and the second of his career.

### Doubles

Darren Cahill /  Mark Kratzmann defeated  Carl Limberger /  Mark Woodforde 4–6, 6–2, 7–5

## InfoBox

| 1988 South Australian Open | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 28 December 1987 –
5 January 1988 |
| Edition | 44th Australian Hard Court Championships
87th South Australian Open |
| Category | Grand Prix circuit |
| Draw | 32S / 16D |
| Prize money | $93,400 |
| Surface | Hard / outdoor |
| Location | Adelaide, Australia |
| Venue | Memorial Drive |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Mark Woodforde | |
| Doubles | |
| Darren Cahill /  Mark Kratzmann | |
|  | |


abstract: The 1988 South Carolina State Bulldogs football team represented South Carolina State College as a member of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC) during the 1988 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Led by third-year head coach Dennis Thomas, the Bulldogs compiled an overall record of 5–6, with a mark of 3–3 in conference play, and finished tied for fourth in the MEAC.

text:
# 1988 South Carolina State Bulldogs football team

1988 Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| Bethune–Cookman $ | 4 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
| No. 18 Florida A&M | 4 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 6 |  | 4 |  | 1 |
| Delaware State | 4 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 5 |  | 0 |
| Howard | 3 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 7 |  | 4 |  | 0 |
| South Carolina State | 3 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 4 |  | 7 |  | 0 |
| North Carolina A&T | 2 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  |  | 2 |  | 9 |  | 0 |
| Morgan State | 0 |  | 6 |  | 0 |  |  | 1 |  | 10 |  | 0 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * $  Conference champion * Both Delaware State and Florida A&M received forfeit losses for the same game. Bethune–Cookman was awarded the conference title, although the MEAC website lists Bethune, Delaware State, and Florida A&M as co-champions. Rankings from NCAA Division I-AA Football Committee poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1988 South Carolina State Bulldogs football team** represented South Carolina State College (now known as South Carolina State University) as a member of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC) during the 1988 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Led by third-year head coach Dennis Thomas, the Bulldogs compiled an overall record of 5–6, with a mark of 3–3 in conference play, and finished tied for fourth in the MEAC.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 3 | at Furman* |  | L 0–38 | 13,837 |  |
| September 17 | at North Carolina A&T |  | L 6–17 |  |  |
| September 24 | Howard |  | W 21–13 | 18,243 |  |
| October 1 | Elizabeth City State* | * Oliver C. Dawson Stadium * Orangeburg, SC | W 33–0 |  |  |
| October 8 | Morgan State | * Oliver C. Dawson Stadium * Orangeburg, SC | W 51–14 |  |  |
| October 15 | at Bethune–Cookman |  | W 24–17 |  |  |
| October 22 | at Florida A&M |  | W 14–23 (forfeit win) |  |  |
| October 29 | at Delaware State |  | L 7–28 | 7,800 |  |
| November 5 | Virginia Union* | * Oliver C. Dawson Stadium * Orangeburg, SC | L 6–29 | 18,457 |  |
| November 10 | Grambling State* | * Oliver C. Dawson Stadium * Orangeburg, SC | L 16–45 | 11,158 |  |
| November 19 | at No. 3 Georgia Southern* |  | L 0–53 | 17,034 |  |
|  | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1988 South Carolina State Bulldogs football | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference |
| Record | 5–6 (3–3 MEAC) |
| Head coach |  |
| Home stadium | Oliver C. Dawson Stadium |
|


title: Arcsine laws (Wiener process)

abstract:
In probability theory, the arcsine laws are a collection of results for one-dimensional random walks and Brownian motion. The best known of these is attributed to Paul Lévy (1939). All three laws relate path properties of the Wiener process to the arcsine distribution. A random variable X on [0,1] is arcsine-distributed if
  - Pr [ X ≤ x ] = 2 π arcsin , ∀ x ∈ [ 0, 1 ].

text:
# Arcsine laws (Wiener process)

In probability theory, the **arcsine laws** are a collection of results for one-dimensional random walks and Brownian motion (the Wiener process). The best known of these is attributed to Paul Lévy (1939).

All three laws relate path properties of the Wiener process to the arcsine distribution. A random variable *X* on \[0,1\] is arcsine-distributed if

$$\Pr \left\[X\leq x\right\]={\frac {2}{\pi }\arcsin \left({\sqrt {x}\right),\qquad \forall x\in \[0,1\].}}$$

## Statement of the laws

Throughout we suppose that (*W**t*)0   *t*  1  **R** is the one-dimensional Wiener process on \[0,1\]. Scale invariance ensures that the results can be generalised to Wiener processes run for *t* \[0,).

### First (Lévy's) arcsine law

The first arcsine law states that the proportion of time that the one-dimensional Wiener process is positive follows an arcsine distribution. Let

$$T\_{+}=\left|\\{\\,t\in \[0,1\]\\,\colon \\,W\_{t}\>0\\,\\}\right|$$

be the measure of the set of times in \[0,1\] at which the Wiener process is positive. Then $T\_{+}$ is arcsine distributed.

### Second arcsine law

The second arcsine law describes the distribution of the last time the Wiener process changes sign. Let

$$L=\sup \left\\{t\in \[0,1\]\\,\colon \\,W\_{t}=0\right\\}$$

be the time of the last zero. Then *L* is arcsine distributed.

### Third arcsine law

The third arcsine law states that the time at which a Wiener process achieves its maximum is arcsine distributed.

The statement of the law relies on the fact that the Wiener process has an almost surely unique maxima, and so we can define the random variable *M* which is the time at which the maxima is achieved. i.e. the unique *M* such that

$$W\_{M}=\sup\\{W\_{s}\\,\colon \\,s\in \[0,1\]\\}.$$

Then *M* is arcsine distributed.

## Equivalence of the second and third laws

Defining the running maximum process *M**t* of the Wiener process

$$M\_{t}=\sup\\{W\_{s}\\,\colon \\,s\in \[0,t\]\\},$$

then the law of *X**t* = *M**t*  *W**t* has the same law as a reflected Wiener process |*B**t*| (where *B**t* is a Wiener process independent of *W**t*).

Since the zeros of *B* and |*B*| coincide, the last zero of *X* has the same distribution as *L*, the last zero of the Wiener process. The last zero of *X* occurs exactly when *W* achieves its maximum. It follows that the second and third laws are equivalent.

1. Morters, Peter and Peres, Yuval, *Brownian Motion*, Chapter 2.
* Lévy, Paul (1939), "Sur certains processus stochastiques homogènes", *Compositio Mathematica*, **7**: 283–339, ISSN 0010-437X, MR 0000919
* Morters, Peter & Peres, Yuval (2010). *Brownian motion*. Vol. 30. Cambridge University Press.
* Rogozin, B. A. (2001) \[1994\], "Arcsine law", *Encyclopedia of Mathematics*, EMS Press


title: Argument (horse)

abstract: Argument was a French Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In his early racing career he showed consistent form and was placed in several important races, but showed marked improvement in the autumn of 1980. He was considered an unlucky loser when narrowly beaten in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe and then traveled to the United States where he won the Washington, D.C. International Stakes. At the end of the year he was officially the best racehorse trained in France. In the following spring he won the Prix d'Harcourt and Prix Ganay but his form deteriorated thereafter and he was beaten in his remaining six races. He made no impact as a sire of winners.

text:
# Argument (horse)

**Argument** (7 February 1977  after 1996) was a French Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In his early racing career he showed consistent form and was placed in several important races, but showed marked improvement in the autumn of 1980. He was considered an unlucky loser when narrowly beaten in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe and then traveled to the United States where he won the Washington, D.C. International Stakes. At the end of the year he was officially the best racehorse trained in France. In the following spring he won the Prix d'Harcourt and Prix Ganay but his form deteriorated thereafter and he was beaten in his remaining six races. He made no impact as a sire of winners.

## Background

Argument was a dark-coated bay horse with a white coronet on his right hind foot bred in France by Pierre Ribes. Argument was by far the best horse sired by Kautokeino, who won the Prix Juigné on his debut before his racing career was ended by injury when finishing third to Sassafras in the 1970 Prix La Force. He was one of at least five winners produced by the mare Arantelle. The colt raced in the colours of his breeders' wife and was sent into training with John Cunnington Jr. at Chantilly.

## Racing career

### 1979: two-year-old season

After winning a race over 1200 metres on his racecourse debut, Argument was moved up in class and distance for the group Three Prix La Rochette over 1600m at Longchamp Racecourse on 2 September. Ridden by Jean-Claude Desaint, he started the 9/4 second favourite and finished second, beaten a neck by Un Reitre, with the future Grand Critérium winner Dragon two lengths away in third place. Two weeks later he started second favourite for the Prix des Chênes over the same course and distance but finished fourth behind In Fijar.

### 1980: three-year-old season

Argument began his second season by winning the Prix Mary over 1600m at Saint-Cloud Racecourse in April. He was then moved up to Group One class for the first time for the Poule d'Essai des Poulains. Starting at odds of 13/1 he finished fourth behind In Fijar, Moorestyle and Ruscelli, but was promoted to third when Ruscelli was disqualified for causing interference. Argument was moved up in distance for the Prix Lupin over 2100m at Longchamp on 18 May. He started a 21/1 outsider and finished second, beaten half a length by Belgio, with In Fijar in third. In the Prix du Jockey-Club at Chantilly Racecourse on 8 June, Argument produced his worst effort of the season as he finished last of the fourteen runners behind the 54/1 outsider Policeman. On 21 July Argument was sent to Belgium for the Grand Prix Prince Rose over 2200m at Ostend and won the race by two lengths from Dhausli and Strong Gale. He returned to France in August for the Prix de la Côte Normande over 2000m in which he was beaten a head by Glenorum, to whom he was conceding nine pounds. He then traveled to Germany for the Grosser Preis von Baden in which he finished fifth behind Nebos: Desaint was fined by the local racecourse stewards for his riding performance in a rough and slowly run race.

On 5 October, Argument started a 74/1 outsider in a field of twenty for France's most prestigious race, the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe over 2400m at Longchamp. Desaint employed exaggerated waiting tactics and Argument turned into the straight fifteen lengths behind the leader Ela-Mana-Mou. Under a vigorous ride from Desaint, Argument made rapid progress in the last 400 metres, overtaking horse after horse before catching Ela-Mana-Mou in the final strides to finish second, half a length behind the filly Detroit. In their annual *Racechorses of 1980*, the independent Timeform organisation described him as an unlucky loser who would have won had he not been given so much ground to make up. After his run in the Arc, Argument was bought privately (for a sum reported to be "in excess of $1 million"), by the partnership of Bruce McNall and Berry Gordy and was transferred to the stable of Maurice Zilber. His new owners accepted an invitation for the colt to represent France in the Washington, D.C. International at Laurel Park Racecourse on 8 November when he was ridden for the first time by Lester Piggott. Zilber expressed his confidence before the race, describing the colt as "a champion ... he has everything". Starting the 2.4/1 favourite, Argument raced in mid-division before moving forward approaching the final turn. He accelerated into the lead a furlong from the finish and won by almost two lengths from the American mare The Very One. A protest lodged against the winner by The Very One's rider, Jorge Velásquez, was rejected by the racecourse stewards.

### 1981: four-year-old season

Alain Lequeux took over as Argument's jockey in 1981 and rode him to success in his first two races. On his seasonal debut at Longhcamp in April he produced a strong finish to win the 2000m Prix d'Harcourt by a head from Katowice, with Detroit in fourth. Argument started favourite for the Group One Prix Ganay at the same course on 3 May, and produced an impressive performance, sprinting clear of the field and winning by three lengths from Armistice Day and In Fijar. Argument never won again. He failed in two races at Saint-Cloud, being disqualified after finishing third in the Prix Jean de Chaudenay and then sweating up badly before running unplaced behind Akarad in the Grand Prix de Saint-Cloud.

On 30 August, Argument was sent to Chicago to represent France in the inaugural running of the Arlington Million, then the world's most valuable horse race, and finished sixth behind John Henry. Argument's final European race came in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe on 4 October when he started at odds on 34/1 and made steady progress in the straight to finish sixth in a field of twenty-four runners behind Gold River. For his final two races, Argument competed in North America, finishing fourth behind Open Call in the Canadian International Stakes and seventh to Providential in the Hollywood Turf Cup.

## Assessment

In the official French rating for two-year-olds in 1979, Argument was rated ten pounds inferior to the top-rated Dragon, a colt he had beaten in the Prix la Rochette. In the following year, Timeform rated Argument on 133 (four pounds below the sprinter Moorestyle) and named him the season's best middle-distance horse. In the official International Classification he was rated the best horse trained in France and equal-second among all European racehorses, level with Ela-Mana-Mou and one pound below Moorestyle. In the following year he was given a rating of 129 by Timeform and was rated six pounds behind the top-rated older horse Northjet in the International Classification.

## Stud record

Argument was retired from racing to become a breeding stallion in the United States, before later returning to France. He was not a success, siring few winners, none of them in the highest class. His last reported foals were born in 1997.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Argument (FR), bay stallion, 1977
| Sire
Kautokeino (FR)
1967 | Relko (GB)
1960 | Tanerko | Tantieme |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | La Divine |
| | Relance | Relic |
| | Polaire |
| | Cranberry (GB)
1957 | Aureole | Hyperion |
| | | Angelola |
| | Big Berry | Big Game |
| | Red Briar |
| Dam
Arantelle (FR)
1966 | Tapioca (FR)
1953 | Vandale | Plassy |
| | | Vanille |
| | Semoule d'Or | Vatellor |
| | Semoule Fine |
| | Neptune's Doll (FR)
1960 | Neptune | Crafty Admiral |
| | | Timely Tune |
| | Dzena | Tornado |
| | Doria (Family:12-b) |

## InfoBox

| Argument | |
| --- | --- |
| Sire | Kautokeino |
| Grandsire | Relko |
| Dam | Arantelle |
| Damsire | Tapioca |
| Sex | Stallion |
| Foaled | 7 February 1977 |
| Country | France |
| Colour | Bay |
| Breeder | Pierre Ribes |
| Owner | Mrs P. Ribes
Berry Gordy & Bruce McNall |
| Trainer | John Cunnington Jr.
Maurice Zilber |
| Record | 20: 6-4-1 |
| Major wins | |
| Grand Prix Prince Rose (1980)
Washington, D.C. International Stakes (1980)
Prix d'Harcourt (1981)
Prix Ganay (1981) | |
| Awards | |
| Top-rated French racehorse (1980)
Timeform best middle-distance horse (1980)
Timeform rating 133 (1980), 129 (1981) | |