title: Elizabeth Sewall Alcott

abstract: Elizabeth Sewall Alcott was one of the two younger sisters of Louisa May Alcott. She was born in 1835 and died at the age of 22 from scarlet fever.

text:
# Elizabeth Sewall Alcott

**Elizabeth Sewall Alcott** (June 24, 1835 – March 14, 1858) was one of the two younger sisters of Louisa May Alcott. She was born in 1835 and died at the age of 22 from scarlet fever.

## Biography

She was originally named Elizabeth *Peabody* Alcott in honor of her father Bronson's teaching assistant at the Temple School and close friend of her mother, Abba. By age three, however, after a falling out between Bronson and Elizabeth Peabody, her name was changed to Elizabeth *Sewall* Alcott, after her mother's mother, Dorothy Sewall May.

In her semi-autobiographical novel, *Little Women* (1868), Louisa May Alcott represented her sister as Beth. She wrote:

> Elizabeth — or Beth as everyone called her — was a rosy, smooth-haired, bright-eyed girl, with a shy manner, a timid voice, and a peaceful expression, which was seldom disturbed. Her father called her ‘Little Miss Tranquility’, and the name suited her excellently, for she seemed to live in a happy world of her own, only venturing out to meet the few whom she trusted and loved.

In 1856, Lizzie contracted scarlet fever while helping a poor German family. Although she recovered, she was permanently weakened. Her father Bronson was on a tour of the Western United States and had reached as far as Cincinnati when he heard that Lizzie, known to be ill, had taken a turn for the worse. By February 1858, she refused to take medicine and told her father, "I can best be spared of the four." As time went by, she grew weaker and thinner. On March 14, 1858, Lizzie Alcott died three hours after slipping into a coma. She was only 22 years old, about 3 months short of her 23rd birthday. On the same day, Louisa wrote in her journal:

> My dear Beth died at three in the morning after two years of patient pain. Last week she put her work away, saying the needle was too heavy ... Saturday she slept, and at midnight became unconscious, quietly breathing her life away till three; then, with one last look of her beautiful eyes, she was gone.
>
> https://thespace.ink/general/journal-of-louisa-may-alcott/

At the moment of her death, Louisa, her mother, and the doctor saw a ghost-like mist rising from Lizzie's body. Her funeral was a small affair, with Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau and Franklin Benjamin Sanborn serving as pallbearers. Lizzie was interred at Sleepy Hollow Cemetery.

LaPlante, Eve. *Marmee & Louisa: The Untold Story of Louisa May Alcott and Her Mother*. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012: 81. ISBN 978-1-4516-2067-2


title: 1956 Italian local elections

abstract: The 1956 Italian local elections were held on 27 and 28 May. The elections were held in 7,141 municipalities and 78 provinces.

text:
# 1956 Italian local elections

The **1956 Italian local elections** were held on 27 and 28 May. The elections were held in 7,141 municipalities and 78 provinces.

## Municipal elections

Results summary of the main municipalities.

| Party | votes | votes (%) | seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Christian Democracy (DC) | 4,986,458 | 35.4 |  |
| Italian Communist Party (PCI) | 3,348,774 | 23.8 |  |
| Italian Socialist Party (PSI) | 2,133,404 | 15.2 |  |
| Monarchists | 947,703 | 6.7 |  |
| Italian Social Movement (MSI) | 877,066 | 6.2 |  |
| Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI) | 785,209 | 5.6 |  |
| Italian Liberal Party (PLI) | 455,459 | 3.3 |  |
| Italian Republican Party (PRI) | 257,508 | 1.8 |  |
| Others | 283,979 | 2.2 |  |
|
| **Total** | **14,075,560** | **100** |  |

## Provincial elections

Results summary of 78 provinces.

| Party | votes | votes (%) | seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Christian Democracy (DC) | 9,301,633 | 38.9 | 1.082 |
| Italian Communist Party (PCI) | 8,405,604 | 35.1 | 513 |
| Italian Socialist Party (PSI) | | | 339 |
| Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI) | 1,783,481 | 7.5 | 109 |
| Italian Liberal Party (PLI) | 1,010,763 | 4.2 | 71 |
| Monarchist National Party (PNM) | 737,331 | 3.1 | 40 |
| People's Monarchist Party (PMP) | | | 27 |
| Italian Social Movement (MSI) | 396,349 | 1.6 | 82 |
| Italian Republican Party (PRI) | 275,155 | 1.1 | 28 |
| Others | 2,023,634 | 10.1 | 65 |
|
| **Total** | **23,933,950** | **100** | **2,358** |

* "Elezioni provinciali 1956 - Risultati". aggiornamentisociali.it.


title: 1958 Brisbane Rugby League season

abstract: The 1958 Brisbane Rugby League season was the 50th season of the Brisbane Rugby League premiership. Seven teams from across Brisbane competed for the premiership, which culminated in Past Brothers defeating Fortitude Valley 22-7 in the grand final.

text:
# 1958 Brisbane Rugby League season

The **1958 Brisbane Rugby League season** was the 50th season of the Brisbane Rugby League premiership. Seven teams from across Brisbane competed for the premiership, which culminated in Past Brothers defeating Fortitude Valley 22-7 in the grand final.

## Ladder

|  | Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Western Suburbs | 18 | 14 | 0 | 4 | 434 | 336 | +98 | **28** |
| 2 | Fortitude Valley | 18 | 11 | 1 | 6 | 336 | 318 | +18 | **22** |
| 3 | Past Brothers | 18 | 10 | 1 | 7 | 517 | 328 | +189 | **21** |
| 4 | Wynnum-Manly | 18 | 8 | 1 | 9 | 369 | 397 | -28 | **17** |
| 5 | Northern Suburbs | 18 | 8 | 1 | 9 | 379 | 458 | -79 | **17** |
| 6 | Eastern Suburbs | 18 | 5 | 0 | 13 | 307 | 400 | -93 | **10** |
| 7 | Southern Suburbs | 18 | 5 | 0 | 13 | 278 | 412 | -134 | **10** |

## Finals

| Home | Score | Away | Match Information | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Date and Time | Venue | Referee | Crowd |
| **Semifinals** | | | | | |  |
| Past Brothers | 33-20 | Wynnum-Manly | 6 September 1958 | Lang Park | Jim Wallace | 10,330 |
| Fortitude Valley | 25-16 | Western Suburbs | 7 September 1958 | Lang Park | Col Wright |  |
| **Preliminary Final** | | | | | |  |
| Past Brothers | 37-5 | Western Suburbs | 13 September 1958 | Lang Park | Nev Kelly | 14,781 |
| **Grand Final** | | | | | |  |
| Past Brothers | 22-7 | Fortitude Valley | 20 September 1958 | Lang Park | Jim Wallace | 20,000 |

Source:

1. Waite, Roger (2017). "A history of Brisbane rugby league (1909-2017)" (PDF). *rogerswebsite.com*.


abstract: The men's long jump at the 1971 European Athletics Championships was held in Helsinki, Finland, at Helsinki Olympic Stadium on 10 and 11 August 1971.

text:
# 1971 European Athletics Championships – Men's long jump

The **men's long jump** at the 1971 European Athletics Championships was held in Helsinki, Finland, at Helsinki Olympic Stadium on 10 and 11 August 1971.

## Medalists

| **Gold** | Max Klauß
*East Germany* |
| --- | --- |
| **Silver** | Igor Ter-Ovanesyan
*Soviet Union* |
| **Bronze** | Stanisław Szudrowicz
*Poland* |

## Results

### Final

11 August

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Max Klauß | East Germany | 7.92
(w: 0.1 m/s) |  |
|  | Igor Ter-Ovanesyan | Soviet Union | 7.91 **w**
(w: 2.3 m/s) |  |
|  | Stanisław Szudrowicz | Poland | 7.87
(w: 0.1 m/s) |  |
| 4 | Lynn Davies | Great Britain | 7.85 |  |
| 5 | Mauri Myllymäki | Finland | 7.85
(w: 1 m/s) |  |
| 6 | Reijo Toivonen | Finland | 7.85
(w: 0.1 m/s) |  |
| 7 | Tõnu Lepik | Soviet Union | 7.78 |  |
| 8 | Jan Kobuszewski | Poland | 7.75
(w: 0.9 m/s) |  |
| 9 | Christian Tourret | France | 7.74
(w: 0.5 m/s) |  |
| 10 | Valeriy Podluzhniy | Soviet Union | 7.68
(w: 1.1 m/s) |  |
| 11 | Jacques Rousseau | France | 7.56
(w: 0.9 m/s) |  |
| 12 | Josef Schwarz | West Germany | 7.50 |  |
| 13 | Terje Haugland | Norway | 7.41
(w: 0.7 m/s) |  |
| 14 | Finn Bendixen | Norway | 7.32
(w: 0.7 m/s) |  |
| 15 | Vasile Sărucan | Romania | 6.05
(w: 0.9 m/s) |  |

### Qualification

10 August

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Result | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Tõnu Lepik | Soviet Union | 7.93 | **Q** |
| 2 | Lynn Davies | Great Britain | 7.90 | **Q** |
| 3 | Christian Tourret | France | 7.82 | **Q** |
| 4 | Jacques Rousseau | France | 7.82 | **Q** |
| 5 | Josef Schwarz | West Germany | 7.80 | **Q** |
| 6 | Vasile Sărucan | Romania | 7.79 | **Q** |
| 7 | Igor Ter-Ovanesyan | Soviet Union | 7.77 | **Q** |
| 8 | Jan Kobuszewski | Poland | 7.77 | **Q** |
| 9 | Reijo Toivonen | Finland | 7.77 | **Q** |
| 10 | Terje Haugland | Norway | 7.75 | **Q** |
| 11 | Stanisław Szudrowicz | Poland | 7.75 | **Q** |
| 12 | Finn Bendixen | Norway | 7.74 | **Q** |
| 13 | Max Klauß | East Germany | 7.72 | **Q** |
| 14 | Valeriy Podluzhniy | Soviet Union | 7.72 | **Q** |
| 15 | Mauri Myllymäki | Finland | 7.70 | **Q** |
| 16 | Klaus Beer | East Germany | 7.65 |  |
| 17 | Hans Baumgartner | West Germany | 7.62 |  |
| 18 | Dušan Košutić | Yugoslavia | 7.60 |  |
| 19 | Miljenko Rak | Yugoslavia | 7.58 |  |
| 20 | Andreas Gloerfeld | West Germany | 7.57 |  |
| 21 | Jesper Tørring | Denmark | 7.52 |  |
| 22 | Valeriu Jurcă | Romania | 7.50 |  |
| 23 | Jacques Pani | France | 7.41 |  |
| 24 | Nenad Stekić | Yugoslavia | 7.35 |  |
| 25 | Gürol Dinsel | Turkey | 7.27 |  |
| 26 | Geoff Hignett | Great Britain | 7.25 |  |
| 27 | Henrik Kalocsai | Hungary | 7.24 |  |
| 28 | Gábor Katona | Hungary | 7.22 |  |
| 29 | Jaroslav Brož | Czechoslovakia | 5.92 |  |
|  | Alan Lerwill | Great Britain | NM |  |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 30 athletes from 14 countries participated in the event.

## InfoBox

| Men's long jump
at the European Athletics Championships | |
| --- | --- |


title: 1970 Basilicata regional election

abstract: The 1970 Basilicata regional election took place on 7–8 June 1970.

text:
# 1970 Basilicata regional election

The **1970 Basilicata regional election** took place on 7–8 June 1970.

## Events

Christian Democracy was by far the largest party, gaining almost twice the share of vote of the Italian Communist Party, which came distantly second. After the election Christian Democrat Vincenzo Verrastro was elected President of the Region.

## Results

|  | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| Parties | | votes | votes (%) | seats |
|  | Christian Democracy | 131,602 | 42.4 | 14 |
|  | Italian Communist Party | 74,688 | 24.0 | 7 |
|  | Italian Socialist Party | 39,464 | 12.7 | 4 |
|  | Unitary Socialist Party | 27,301 | 8.8 | 2 |
|  | Italian Social Movement | 14,984 | 4.8 | 1 |
|  | Italian Liberal Party | 9,623 | 3.1 | 1 |
|  | Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity | 7,653 | 2.5 | 1 |
|  | Italian Republican Party | 5,407 | 1.7 | - |
|
| **Total** | | **310,722** | **100.0** | **30** |

Source: Ministry of the Interior


title: 1988 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards

abstract: The 11th Stinkers Bad Movie Awards were released by the Hastings Bad Cinema Society in 1989 to honour the worst films the film industry had to offer in 1988. As follows, there was only a Worst Picture category with provided commentary for each nominee, as well as a list of films that were also considered for the final list but ultimately failed to make the cut.

text:
# 1988 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards

The **11th Stinkers Bad Movie Awards** were released by the Hastings Bad Cinema Society in 1989 to honour the worst films the film industry had to offer in 1988. As follows, there was only a Worst Picture category with provided commentary for each nominee, as well as a list of films that were also considered for the final list but ultimately failed to make the cut (18 films total).

## Worst Picture Ballot

| Film | Production company(s) |
| --- | --- |
| ***Caddyshack II*** | **Warner Bros.** |
| *Cocktail* | Touchstone Pictures |
|
| *Elvira, Mistress of the Dark* | New World Pictures |
| *The New Adventures of Pippi Longstocking* | Columbia Pictures |
|
| *The Telephone* | New World Pictures |
|

### Dishonourable Mentions


title: Eusebi Planas

abstract: Eusebi Planas i Franquesa) was a Catalan graphic artist, lithographer and watercolorist.

text:
# Eusebi Planas

From *Las Mujeres Españolas, Americanas y Lusitanas* (1886)
by Faustina Sáez de MelgarThe Philippine PrincessThe North American

**Eusebi Planas i Franquesa** (1833, Barcelona \- 13 March 1897, Barcelona)) was a Catalan graphic artist, lithographer and watercolorist.

## Life and work

His family wanted him to study law, but his artistic inclinations prevailed, and he found work with a lithographer. He later enrolled at the Escola de la Llotja and took classes at a private academy. In 1849, he went to Paris to perfect his techniques, under the direction of Émile Lassalle. He soon began working for the art dealer and publisher, Adolphe Goupil, providing him with illustrations and lithographs of paintings.

In 1854, a cholera epidemic made him decide to return to Barcelona, where he continued to produce illustrations; notably for *The Three Musketeers* and *Les Misérables*. He also made enhancements to photographs, as well as posters and flyers for public and private events. In addition, he is credited with documenting notable feminine prototypes for beauty, in such works as *Historia de Una Mujer* (History of a Woman, 1880).

While being praised for certain images of women, he also became infamous for two series of erotic and pornographic scenes; *El Noble Arte del Billar* and *El Noble Juego del Tresillo* (Literally translated; "The Noble Art of Billiards" and "The Noble Game of Triplets"); issued anonymously. Some satirical drawings were signed with the pseudonym "Felipó".

## Further reading

* DDAA, *La col·lecció Raimon Casellas*, Exhibition catalog, Publicacions del Mnac/ Museo del Prado, 1992 ISBN 84-87317-21-9
* Salvador Bori, *Tres maestros del lápiz de la Barcelona ochocentista, Padró, Planas, Pellicer*, Millà, 1945
* Pilar Vélez, "Eusebi Planas (1833-1897): La il·lustració vuitcentista barcelonina", In: *Butlletí de la Reial Acadèmia Catalana de Belles Arts de Sant Jordi*,1996 (Online)

Media related to Eusebi Planas at Wikimedia Commons


title: Folliott Sandford

abstract: Sir Folliott Herbert Sandford KBE CMG was a British civil servant and Registrar of the University of Oxford from 1958 to 1972.

text:
# Folliott Sandford

**Sir Folliott Herbert Sandford** KBE CMG (28 October 1906 – 5 July 1986) was a British civil servant and Registrar of the University of Oxford from 1958 to 1972.

## Life and career

Folliott Herbert Sandford, the son of a barrister, was born on 28 October 1906. He was educated at Winchester College and New College, Oxford, where he obtained first-class degrees in Classics and in Law. He joined the Air Ministry as a civil servant in 1930, working as Principal Private Secretary to four Secretaries of State for Air between 1937 and 1940: Viscount Swinton, Sir Kingsley Wood, Sir Samuel Hoare and Sir Archibald Sinclair. In 1941 and 1942, he was attached to RAF Ferry Command in Montreal, Quebec, Canada; from 1942 to 1944, he was the secretary to the office of the Resident Minister for West Africa. He returned to the Air Ministry in 1944, rising from Assistant Under-Secretary of State to become Deputy Under-Secretary of State from 1947 to 1958. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) and a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in 1949. He became a Fellow of New College on his appointment as Registrar of the University of Oxford in 1958, succeeding Sir Douglas Veale, and held both positions until retiring in 1972. On his retirement, he was appointed an Honorary Fellow of New College and Wolfson College and was awarded an honorary doctorate by the university. He was Master of the Skinners' Company from 1975 to 1976. He was twice married: to Gwendoline (née Masters) from 1935 until her death in 1977, and then to Peggy Young (née Odgear) from 1982 until her death in 1984. Sandford died on 5 July 1986. The historian Brian Harrison describes him as "unobtrusively providing expertise and continuity" and a hard worker, but one who "lacked Veale's vision and sense of proportion" and who suffered from having to try to match the standards set for the role by Veale.


title: 1886 Surinamese general election

text:
# 1886 Surinamese general election

Partial general elections were held in Suriname in March 1886 to elect three of the nine elected members of the Colonial States.

## Electoral system

The Colonial States consisted of nine elected members and four appointed by the Governor-General. Elected members served six-year terms, with three members elected every two years. The 1886 elections were to replace the three members elected in 1880, A.J. van Emden, Johannes Cateau van Rosevelt and Coenraad van Lier. However, van Emden had resigned shortly after the elections as he was leaving Suriname, and was replaced by Cornelis Johannes Heylidy.

The elections were held using the two-round system, with suffrage restricted to men meeting certain criteria. Voters had multiple votes, and any candidate receiving a number of votes equivalent to over 50% of the valid ballots cast was elected in the first round. If not all seats were filled, a second round was held with twice the number of candidates as seats remaining, who were the candidates who received the most votes but failed to be elected in the first round.

## Results

As there were 143 valid ballots cast, candidates required 72 votes to be elected in the first round. All three incumbents were re-elected.

| Candidate | Votes | % | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Johannes Cateau van Rosevelt | 119 | 83.22 | Re-elected |
| Cornelis Johannes Heylidy | 104 | 72.73 | Re-elected |
| Coenraad van Lier | 72 | 50.35 | Re-elected |
| Julius Muller | 56 | 39.16 |  |
| M. Schotman | 22 | 15.38 |  |
| Christiaan Hendrik van Meurs | 9 | 6.29 |  |
| Hendrikus d'Angremond | 6 | 4.20 |  |
| J.R.C. Gonggrijp | 4 | 2.80 |  |
| Eduard Adriaan Cabell | 4 | 2.80 |  |
| J.P.W. van Eijck | 4 | 2.80 |  |
| Willem August van Emden | 3 | 2.10 |  |
| J. Kalff | 2 | 1.40 |  |
| H.D. Benjamins | 1 | 0.70 |  |
| A.N. Bixby | 1 | 0.70 |  |
| J. Fennelly | 1 | 0.70 |  |
| Jan Philippus Albertus Hoeffelman | 1 | 0.70 |  |
| W.L. Loth | 1 | 0.70 |  |
| N. van Meerten | 1 | 0.70 |  |
| Jacob Nicolaas Eckhardt de Mesquita | 1 | 0.70 |  |
| Henri Muller | 1 | 0.70 |  |
| H.S. Schoten | 1 | 0.70 |  |
| Total | 414 | 100.00 |  |
|  | | | |
| Valid votes | 143 | 97.95 |  |
| Invalid/blank votes | 3 | 2.05 |  |
| Total votes | 146 | 100.00 |  |
| Source: Koloniaal Nieuws | | | |

## Aftermath

Governor-General Johannes van Heerdt tot Eversberg reappointed David Juda, Wouterus van Esveld, Marinus Carel de Leeuw and J.F. Saile Vanier as nominated members.

The newly elected States met for the first time in May, with Juda remaining chairman.

De Leeuw died in 1887 but was not replaced until after the 1888 elections.


title: 1956 1000 km Buenos Aires

abstract: The 1956 1000 km Buenos Aires took place on 29 January, on the Autódromo Municipal-Avenida Paz,. It was the third running of the race, and once again, it was opening round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. For this event, a longer section of the Autopista General Pablo Riccheri route was removed, returning the circuit to 9.476 km in length, as it was in 1954.

text:
# 1956 1000 km Buenos Aires

The **1956 1000 km Buenos Aires** took place on 29 January, on the Autódromo Municipal-Avenida Paz, (Buenos Aires, Argentina). It was the third running of the race, and once again, it was opening round of the F.I.A. World Sports Car Championship. For this event, a longer section of the Autopista General Pablo Riccheri route was removed, returning the circuit to 9.476 km in length, as it was in 1954.

## Report

### Entry

A grand total of 32 racing cars were registered for this event, of which 28 arrived for practice and 27 for qualifying. Although this was the first major sports car race of the year, the race was poorly supported by the work of teams. Only Ferrari and Maserati sent cars from Europe. Both teams were represented by three cars in the race. Ferrari send a Ferrari 857 S for Olivier Gendebien and Phil Hill, and a pair of Ferrari 410 S Scaglietti Spyders for Juan Manuel Fangio/Eugenio Castellotti and Luigi Musso/Peter Collins. Meanwhile, Officine Alfieri Maserati was represented a trio of Maserati 300S in the hands of Stirling Moss/Carlos Menditéguy; Jean Behra/José Froilán González and Francisco Landi/Gerino Gerini. The remainder of the field were cars from South American teams.

### Qualifying

After a three-hour qualifying session held on the prior to the race, the local hero, Juan Manuel Fangio took pole position for Scuderia Ferrari, in their Ferrari 410 S.

### Race

The race was held over 106 laps of the 5.888 miles, Autódromo Municipal-Avenida Paz, giving a distance of 624.162 miles (1,004.490 km). It was the winner of the 1955 race, Enrique Saenz Valiente who took an early lead from Fangio and Musso. By lap ten, both the works Ferrari had moved ahead of the privately entered Ferrari 375 Plus of Valinete. On lap 20, Moss and Gendebien were also moving up the leaderboard. However, with just 20 laps left Gendebien were in the pits with problems, while Fangio’s car, now in the hands of Castellotti, was also in the pits following a collision with a dog. With the retirement of Musso just after half distance, the Maserati of Moss and Menditéguy was now in a clear lead. With his car now repaired, Fangio launches a relentless pursuit of the Maserati although the distance is too great and the Ferrari’s differential explodes into many pieces.

As a result of Fangio’s retirement, Moss and Menditéguy in car number 31, took an impressive victory, winning in a time of 6hrs 29:37.9 mins., averaging a speed of 96.116 mph. In second was the sole remaining Scuderia Ferrari of Gendebien and Hill, albeit two laps drift. The podium was complete by another works Maserati 300S, of Behra and González, who were a further three laps adrift.

## Official classification

*Class winners are in **Bold** text.*

| Pos | No | Class | Driver | | Entrant | Chassis | Laps | Reason Out |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1st** | **31** | **S3.0** | **Stirling Moss** | **Carlos Menditéguy** | **Officine Alfieri Maserati** | **Maserati 300S** | **6hr 29:37.9, 106** |  |
| **2nd** | **36** | **S+3.0** | **Olivier Gendebien** | **Phil Hill** | **Scuderia Ferrari** | **Ferrari 857 S** | **104** |  |
| 3rd | 32 | S3.0 | Jean Behra | José Froilán González | Officine Alfieri Maserati | Maserati 300S | 101 |  |
| **4th** | **4** | **S1.5** | **Alejandro de Tomaso** | **Carlo Tomasi** |  | **Maserati 150S** | **97** |  |
| **5th** | **20** | **S2.0** | **Enrique Muro** | **Julio Pola** |  | **Ferrari 500 Mondial** | **93** |  |
| 6th | 26 | S3.0 | Eduardo Kovacs-Jones | Raúl Jaras |  | Mercedes-Benz 300 SL | 90 |  |
| DNF | 43 | S+3.0 | Juan Manuel Fangio | Eugenio Castellotti | Scuderia Ferrari | Ferrari 410 S Scaglietti Spyder | 89 | Transmission |
| 7th | 6 | S1.5 | Isabelle Haskell | Carlos Lostalo |  | Maserati 150S | 88 |  |
| 8th | 24 | S3.0 | Angel Maiocchi | Lucio Bollaert |  | Ferrari 225 S | 85 |  |
| DNF | 1 | S1.5 | Jaroslav Juhan | José Félix Lopes |  | Porsche550 Spyder | 72 | Accident |
| 9th | 49 | S+3.0 | Franco Bruno | Carlos Bruno |  | Allard-Cadillac J2X | 71 |  |
| DISQ | 3 | S1.5 | Curt Delfosse | Pedro Escudero |  | Gordini-Porsche T16 Special | 70 | Pushed through finish line |
| DNF | 33 | S3.0 | Francisco Landi | Gerino Gerini | Officine Alfieri Maserati | Maserati 300S | 68 | Engine |
| DNF | 44 | S+3.0 | Luigi Musso | Peter Collins | Scuderia Ferrari | Ferrari 410 S Scaglietti Spyder | 61 | Differential |
| DNF | 42 | S+3.0 | Roberto Bonomi | Ernesto Florencio Castro Cranwell |  | Ferrari 375 MM | 59 | Fire |
| DNF | 34 | S3.0 | Luis Milan | Ela Capotosti |  | Ferrari 625 TF | 44 | Clutch |
| DNF | 41 | S+3.0 | Celso Lara-Barberis | Godofredo Vianna |  | Ferrari 375 | 41 | Engine |
| DNF | 30 | S3.0 | Lino Fayen | Joao Rozendo Dos Santos | Scuderia Guastalla | Ferrari 750 Monza Spyder Scaglietti | 37 | Raer axle |
| DNF | 45 | S+3.0 | Enrique Saenz Valiente | Jorge Camano |  | Ferrari 375 Plus | 35 | Overheating |
| DNF | 22 | S2.0 | Maria Teresa de Filippis |  |  | Maserati A6GCS | 26 | Accident |
| DNF | 46 | S+3.0 | Carlos Najurieta | Cesar Rivero |  | Ferrari 375 MM | 23 | Gearbox |
| DNF | 5 | S1.5 | Miguel Jantus | Alberto Gomez |  | Gordini T15S | 22 | Engine |
| DNF | 23 | S2.0 | Ricardo Grandio | Alberto Rodriguez Larreta |  | Maserati A6GCS | 21 |  |
| DNF | 25 | S3.0 | Danilo Clapesssoni | César Reyes |  | Ferrari 225 S | 16 | Engine |
| DNF | 2 | S1.5 | Tomas Mayol | Juan Gobbi |  | Porsche 550 Spyder | 14 | Engine |
| DNF | 21 | S3.0 | Osvaldo Carballido | Elias Carballido |  | Austin-Healey 100M | 11 | Fire |
| DNF | 35 | S+3.0 | José M. Millet | Miguel Schroeder |  | Jaguar C-Type | 3 |  |
| DNS | 40 | S+3.0 | Jean Blanc<br>Pedro J. Llano | Colette Duval |  | Talbot-Lago T26GS |  |  |
|

### Class winners

| Class | Winners |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sports +3000 | 36 | Ferrari 857 S | Gendebien / Hill |
| Sports 3000 | 31 | Maserati 300S | Moss / Menditéguy |
| Sports 2000 | 20 | Ferrari 500 Mondial | Muro / Pola |
| Sports 1500 | 4 | Maserati 150S | de Tomaso / Tomasi |
|

## Standings after the race

| Pos | Championship | Points |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Maserati | 8 |
| 2 | Ferrari | 6 |
| 3 | Mercedes-Benz | 1 |

* **Note**: Only the top five positions are included in this set of standings.

Championship points were awarded for the first six places in each race in the order of 8-6-4-3-2-1. Manufacturers were only awarded points for their highest finishing car with no points awarded for positions filled by additional cars. Only the best 3 results out of the 5 races could be retained by each manufacturer. Points earned but not counted towards the championship totals are listed within brackets in the above table.


abstract: The women's 1500 metres event at the 1998 Commonwealth Games was held on 21 September on National Stadium, Bukit Jalil.

text:
# Athletics at the 1998 Commonwealth Games – Women's 1500 metres

The **women's 1500 metres** event at the 1998 Commonwealth Games was held on 21 September on National Stadium, Bukit Jalil.

## Results

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Jackline Maranga | Kenya | 4:05.27 | **GR** |
|  | Kelly Holmes | England | 4:06.10 |  |
|  | Julia Sakara | Zimbabwe | 4:07.82 | SB |
| 4 | Naomi Mugo | Kenya | 4:07.95 |  |
| 5 | Cindy O'Krane | Canada | 4:08.88 | SB |
| 6 | Amanda Crowe | Northern Ireland | 4:10.68 | PB |
| 7 | Leah Pells | Canada | 4:10.71 |  |
| 8 | Toni Hodgkinson | New Zealand | 4:10.99 |  |
| 9 | Helen Pattinson | England | 4:12.61 | PB |
| 10 | Lynn Gibson | England | 4:13.35 |  |
| 11 | Mandy Giblin | Australia | 4:20.15 |  |
| 12 | Sarah Howell | Canada | 4:29.68 |  |
|  | Emma Davies | Wales | DNS |  |

## InfoBox

| Women's 1500 metres <br>at the Commonwealth Games | |
| --- | --- |


title: Atonsu (Central Region)

abstract: Atonsu is a town near Assin Fosu in the Assin Central Municipal District in the Central Region of Ghana. It is located along the Cape Coast-Fosu-Kumasi Highway.

text:
# Atonsu (Central Region)

**Atonsu** is a town near Assin Fosu in the Assin Central Municipal District in the Central Region of Ghana. It is located along the Cape Coast-Fosu-Kumasi Highway.

## Institutions

* Atonsu Municipal Assembly Basic School

## Notable natives

## InfoBox

| Atonsu | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Ghana |
| Region | Central Region |
| District | Assin Central Municipal District |


title: Austrostipa elegantissima

abstract:
Austrostipa elegantissima, commonly known as tall feather-grass, is a species of grass in the family Poaceae. It is native to southern Australia, from Western Australia to New South Wales. It grows as a decumbent perennial in a rhizomatous tussock with widespread leaves, and lacks basal leaves. It is found in areas that are not grazed by introduced livestock, which feed on this plant. The species was first described by Jacques Labillardière as Stipa elegantissima in 1805 and assigned to the genus Austrostipa in 1996.
The plant is used by red-eared firetail in the construction of its nests.

text:
# Austrostipa elegantissima

***Austrostipa elegantissima***, commonly known as **tall feather-grass**, is a species of grass in the family Poaceae. It is native to southern Australia, from Western Australia to New South Wales. It grows as a decumbent perennial in a rhizomatous tussock with widespread leaves, and lacks basal leaves. It is found in areas that are not grazed by introduced livestock, which feed on this plant.

The species was first described by Jacques Labillardière as *Stipa elegantissima* in 1805 and assigned to the genus *Austrostipa* in 1996. The plant is used by red-eared firetail (*Stagonopleura oculata*) in the construction of its nests.

## InfoBox

| *Austrostipa elegantissima* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Pooideae |
| Genus: | *Austrostipa* |
| Species: | ***A. elegantissima*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Austrostipa elegantissima***<br>(Labill.) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Stipa elegantissima* Labill. | |


title: Food Editors' Club Germany

abstract: The Food Editors‘ Club Germany (FEC) is the professional association of specialist culinary journalists in Germany. The club currently has about 150 members.

text:
# Food Editors' Club Germany

The **Food Editors‘ Club Germany** (FEC) is the professional association of specialist culinary journalists in Germany. The club currently has about 150 members.

## History

The association evolved from a circle of friends and colleagues from a variety of backgrounds. They occasionally met in the post-war years to keep each other up-to-date in a reliable way and as neutrally as possible, in a press environment where information on food and drink was still scarce. In 1968, this culminated in the Food Editors’ Club Germany being set up. Arne Krüger was the first Chairman from 1968 to 1979. His successors were Gisa v. Barsewisch and Holger Hofmann (1979-1989), Antje Blum (1989-1993), Bernd Neuner-Duttenhofer (1993-2001) and Peter Zöls (since 2001). There are regional groups in Berlin, Northern Germany, the Rhein-Main area and Southern Germany.

## Social investment

With its FEC award, the Food Editors‘ Club Germany supports personalities who stand up for people in emergency situations.

## Conferences

The members of the FEC meet annually for their annual conference in a variety of locations; this is also when the annual general meeting is held. The annual conferences and the work of the food journalists are widely reported in the regional media. Several times a year, the regional groups organise information events in the regions for their members.

1. Reinhard und Annette Erös erhielten den ersten FEC-Preis (Pressemitteilung Hoffmann & Campe Verlag) Archived 2011-03-13 at the Wayback Machine
2. AHGZ — Allgemeine Hotel und Gastronomie-Zeitung (Ausgabe 20/2010): Regionales Fingerfood - Food Editors Club begibt sich auf kulinarische Spurensuche
3. Ostseezeitung 26.03.2004: Fachjournalisten auf kulinarischer Reise
4. Ostseezeitung 29.03.2004: Wehe das Lachstatar kommt aus der Dose: Food-Journalisten tagten auf Rügen (von Andreas Küstermann) mit Foto
5. Der Rüganer: 15. JG./15/2004: Essen & Trinken sind ein Thema - 36. Fachtagung des Arbeitskreises kulinarischer Fachjournalisten
6. NDR 3 Fernsehen Nordmagazin am 28.03.2004: Vorkoster der Nation (Jens- Peter Schöne).


title: 1912 Bolivian legislative election

abstract: Bolivia held parliamentary elections in May 1912, electing a new National Congress.

text:
# 1912 Bolivian legislative election

Bolivia held parliamentary elections in May 1912, electing a new National Congress (for half the seats of the Deputies and 1/3 the seats of the Senators).

## Results

|  | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Seats | | | | |
| | Chamber (won) | Chamber (total) | Senate (won) | Senate (total) |
|  | Liberal Party | 35 | 70 | 6 | 16 |
| Total | | 35 | 70 | 6 | 16 |
|  | | | | | |
| Source: Cáceres | | | | | |

### Elected members

The new senators were:


title: 1984 Amherst Lord Jeffs football team

abstract: The 1984 Amherst Lord Jeffs football team was an American football team that represented Amherst College as a member of the Little Three Conference during the 1984 NCAA Division III football season. In their 26th year under head coach Jim Ostendarp, the Lord Jeffs compiled an 8–0 record, won the Little Three championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 192 to 56. The 1984 season was the third perfect season in the history of Amherst's football program. The first was 1942, the second was 1964,and others followed in 2009, 2011, 2014, and 2015. The team played its home games at Pratt Field in Amherst, Massachusetts.

text:
# 1984 Amherst Lord Jeffs football team

The **1984 Amherst Lord Jeffs football team** was an American football team that represented Amherst College as a member of the Little Three Conference during the 1984 NCAA Division III football season. In their 26th year under head coach Jim Ostendarp, the Lord Jeffs compiled an 8–0 record, won the Little Three championship, and outscored opponents by a total of 192 to 56.

The 1984 season was the third perfect season in the history of Amherst's football program. The first was 1942, the second was 1964,and others followed in 2009, 2011, 2014, and 2015.

The team played its home games at Pratt Field in Amherst, Massachusetts.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 22 | at Bates | Lewiston, ME | W 21–5 |  |  |
| September 29 | Bowdoin |  | W 43–0 |  |  |
| October 6 | at Middlebury | Middlebury, VT | W 28–10 |  |  |
| October 13 | Colby | * Pratt Field * Amherst, MA | W 19–7 |  |  |
| October 20 | at Wesleyan |  | W 6–0 | 7,200 |  |
| October 27 | Tufts | * Pratt Field * Amherst, MA | W 30–7 | 3,663 |  |
| November 3 | at Trinity (CT) |  | W 22–21 | 7,727 |  |
| November 10 | Williams |  | W 23–3 | 10,000 |  |

## InfoBox

| 1984 Amherst Lord Jeffs football | |
| --- | --- |
| Little Three champion | |
| Conference | Little Three Conference |
| Record | 8–0 (2–0 Little Three) |
| Head coach |  |
| Home stadium | Pratt Field |
|


title: Ermesinda (given name)

abstract:
Ermesinda is feminine given names of Germanic origin, being derived from Irmin- and either -swint (strong) or -sind. A possible original meaning is "warpath of the Irminones". Ermesinda is the Castilian and Galician form, while Ermessinda and Ermessenda are Catalan forms. The French forms are Ermesinde and Ermessende. Eremsindis is Latin. All forms, including Ermesind, appear in English. The hypocoristic form is Imma. Persons with this given name include:
  - Ermesinda, queen consort of Asturias
  - Ermesinda, wife of Sunifred, Count of Barcelona
  - Ermesinda, daughter of Wifred the Hairy
  - Ermesinda of Bigorre, queen consort of Aragon
  - Ermesinde of Carcassonne, countess consort of Barcelona
  - Ermesinde of Luxembourg, Countess of Namur
  - Ermessende of Pelet, heiress of the County of Melgueil
  - Ermessenda de Rubió, abbess of the Monastery of Santa Maria de Vallbona
  - Ermesinde, Countess of Luxembourg

text:
# Ermesinda (given name)

**Ermesinda** is feminine given names of Germanic origin, being derived from *Irmin*\- (cf. Irminsul and Irminones) and either -*swint* (strong) or -*sind* (way or journey, e.g., military expedition). A possible original meaning is "warpath of the Irminones".

Ermesinda is the Castilian and Galician form, while **Ermessinda** and **Ermessenda** are Catalan forms. The French forms are **Ermesinde** and **Ermessende**. **Eremsindis** is Latin. All forms, including **Ermesind**, appear in English. The hypocoristic form is **Imma**.

Persons with this given name include:


title: Australian History Awards

text:
# Australian History Awards

## Ernest Scott Prize

The pre-eminent prize for "original published research that contributes to the history of Australia or New Zealand or to the history of colonisation in these countries." Awarded since 1943, the prize is named in honor of Ernest Scott, regarded as the first historian of Australian historiography, and was endowed by his wife, Emily Scott. The winner is announced each year at the Kathleen Fitzpatrick Lecture, awarded a prize of $13,000 and invited to give the Ernest Scott Lecture at the University of Melbourne. Applicants must be publishers and the work must have been published in the preceding two calendar years. Winners must "live in Australia or New Zealand or the respective external territories \[of either country\]." There are two judges.

The prize is typically awarded to one historical writer, although it has been shared between two people and two books nine times. Seven people have won the Ernest Scott Prize twice, including one person who won the prize for two books in the same year (1959). One historian, Alan Atkinson, won the prize three times. The prize has been won by 35 men and 13 women historians, and three non-white historians.

Numerous winners of the prize are part of the Scott lineage, a teacher-undergraduate student chain of historians stretching back to Scott himself. Among the future prize winners Scott taught were Manning Clark, W. K. Hancock and Geoffrey Serle; Clark taught Weston Bate, Ken Inglis, Geoffrey Blainey and Graeme Davison; Blainey taught Janet McCalman and Stuart Macintyre.

| Winner | Publisher | Book | Year awarded |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Shannyn Palmer | Melbourne University Press | *Unmaking Angas Downs: Myth and history on a Central Australian pastoral station* | 2024 |
| Alan Atkinson | NewSouth | *Elizabeth and John: The Macarthurs of Elizabeth Farm* | 2023 (shared) |
| Rachel Buchanan | Bridget Williams Books | *Te Motunui Epa* | 2023 (shared) |
| Lucy Mackintosh | Bridget Williams Books | *Shifting Grounds: Deep Histories of Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland* | 2022 (shared) |
| Janet McCalman | The Miegunyah Press | *Vandemonians: The Repressed History of Colonial Victorians* | 2022 (shared) |
| Hirini Kaa | Bridget Williams Books | *Te Hāhi Mihinare – The Māori Anglican Church* | 2021 (shared) |
| Grace Karskens | Allen & Unwin | *People of the River* | 2021 (shared) |
| Michelle Arrow | NewSouth | *The Seventies: The Personal, The Political and the Making of Modern Australia* | 2020 |
| Billy Griffiths | Black Inc. | *Deep Time Dreaming: Uncovering Ancient Australia* | 2019 |
| Michael Belgrave | Auckland University Press | *Dancing with the King: The Rise and Fall of the King Country, 1864-1885* | 2018 |
| Tom Griffiths | Black Inc. | *The Art of Time Travel: Historians and Their Craft* | 2017 |
| Stuart Macintyre | NewSouth | *Australia's Boldest Experiment: War and Reconstruction in the 1940s* | 2016 |
| Alan Atkinson | UNSW Press | *The Europeans in Australia: Volume 3: Nation* | 2015 (shared) |
| Tom Brooking | Penguin Books, Auckland | *Richard Seddon, King of God's Own: The Life and Times of New Zealand's Longest- Serving Prime Minister* | 2015 (shared) |
| Angela Wanhalla | Auckland University Press | *Matters of the Heart. A History of Interracial marriage in New Zealand* | 2014 |
| Melissa Bellanta | University of Queensland Press | *Larrikins: A History* | 2013 |
| Damon Salesa | Oxford University Press | *Racial Crossings: Race, Intermarriage, and Victorian British Empire* | 2012 |
| Jim Davidson | UNSW Press | *A Three-cornered Life: The Historian W.K. Hancock* | 2011 (shared) |
| Emma Christopher | Allen & Unwin | *A Merciless Place: the lost story of Britain's convict disaster in Africa and how it led to the settlement of Australia* | 2011 (shared) |
| Bain Attwood | The Miegunyah Press | *Possession: Batman's Treaty and the Matter of History* | 2010 |
| Henry Reynolds & Marilyn Lake | Melbourne University Press | *Drawing the Global Colour Line: White Men's Countries and the Question of Racial Equality* | 2009 (joint) |
| John Fitzgerald | UNSW Press | *Book Big White Lie: Chinese Australians in White Australia* | 2008 |
| Regina Ganter | University of Western Australia | *Mixed Relations: Asian-Aboriginal Contact in North Australia* | 2007 |
| Joy Damousi | UNSW Press | *Freud in the Antipodes: A Cultural History of Psychoanalysis in Australia* | 2006 |
| Alan Atkinson | Oxford University Press | *The Europeans in Australia: A History: Democracy* | 2005 |
| Judith Brett | Cambridge University Press | *Australian Liberals and the Moral Middle Class: from Alfred Deakin to John Howard* | 2004 |
| Philip Temple | Auckland University Press | *A Sort of Conscience: The Wakefields* | 2003 |
| Tony Hughes-D’Aeth | Melbourne University Press | *Paper Nation: The Story of the Picturesque Atlas of Australasia 1886-1888* | 2002 (shared) |
| James Belich | Penguin Press | *Paradise Reforged: A History of the New Zealanders from the 1880s to the Year 2000* | 2002 (shared) |
| David Walker | University of Queensland Press | *Anxious Nation: Australia and the Rise of Asia 1850-1939* | 2001 |
| Ken Inglis | Melbourne University Press | *Sacred Places. War Memorials in the Australian Landscape* | 1999 |
| Anne Salmond | University of Hawaii Press | *Between Worlds. Early Exchanges between Maoris and Europeans, 1773-1815* | 1998 |
| Tom Griffiths | Cambridge University Press | *Hunters and Collectors: the Antiquarian Imagination in Australia* | 1996-97 |
| David Goodman | Allen & Unwin | *Gold Seeking Victoria and California in the 1850s* | 1994-95 |
| Judith Brett | Macmillan Australia | *Robert Menzies' Forgotten People* | 1992-93 |
| Anne Salmond | University of Hawaii Press | *Two Worlds: First Meetings Between Maori and European 1642-1772* | 1990-91 |
| Alan Atkinson | Oxford University Press | *Camden: Farm and Village Life in Early New South Wales* | 1988-89 |
| Patrick O'Farrell | UNSW Press | *The Irish in Australia* | 1986-87 |
| Janet McCalman | Melbourne University Press | *Struggletown: Public and Private Life in Richmond 1900-1965* | 1984-85 |
| Ken Inglis | Melbourne University Press | *This is the ABC: The Australian Broadcasting Commission 1932-1983* | 1982-83 |
| Henry Reynolds | James Cook University | *The Other Side of the Frontier: An Interpretation of the Aboriginal Response to the Invasion and Settlement of Australia* | 1980-81 |
| Graeme Davison | Melbourne University Press | *The Rise and Fall of Marvellous Melbourne* | 1978-79 (shared) |
| Weston Bate | Melbourne University Press | *Lucky City: The First Generation at Ballarat 1851-1951* | 1978-79 (shared) |
| John Rickard | ANU Press | *Class and Politics: New South Wales, Victoria and the Early Commonwealth, 1890-1910* | 1976-77 |
| Max Crawford | Sydney University Press | *A Bit of A Rebel: The Life and Work of George Arnold Wood* | 1974-75 |
| John La Nauze | Melbourne University Press | *The Making of the Australian Constitution* | 1972-73 |
| Geoffrey Serle | Melbourne University Press | *The rush to be rich : a history of the colony of Victoria, 1883-1889* | 1970-71 (shared) |
| Paul Hasluck | Australian War Memorial | *The Government and the People 1942-45 Australian War Memorial* | 1970-71 (shared) |
| Manning Clark | Melbourne University Press | *A History of Australia Vol 2: New South Wales and Van Dieman's Land 1822-1838* | 1968-69 |
| Douglas H Pike | Melbourne University Press | *Australian Dictionary of Biography - Vols. 1 & 2* | 1966-67 |
| John La Nauze | Melbourne University Press | *Alfred Deakin: A biography* | 1964-65 |
| Geoffrey Serle | Melbourne University Press | *The Golden Age: A History of the Colony of Victoria 1851-61* | 1962-63 (shared) |
| Manning Clark | Melbourne University Press | *A History of Australia, Vol. 1, from the Earliest Times to the Age of Macquarie* | 1962-63 (shared) |
| Bernard Smith | Oxford University Press | *European vision and the South Pacific, 1768-1850 : a study in the history of art and ideas* | 1960-61 |
| Keith Sinclair | Penguin & New Zealand University Press | *A History of New Zealand* & *The Origin of the Maori Wars* | 1958-59 (shared) |
| Russel Ward | Oxford University Press | *The Australian Legend* | 1958-59 (shared) |
| Geoffrey Blainey | Melbourne University Press | *The Peaks of Lyell* | 1955 |
| J. S. Gregory | University of Melbourne | Thesis: *Church and state in Victoria (1851-72) : a study in the development of secular principles of government as revealed by the abolition of State aid to religion and to denominational education in Victoria* | 1952 |
| A. H. McLintock | Otago Centennial Publications | *History of Otago: The Origins and Growth of a Wakefield Class Settlement* | 1949 |
| J. D. Legge | University of Melbourne/University of Oxford | Thesis: *Survey of Papuan Administration* | 1946 |
| Joy E. Parnaby | University of Melbourne | Thesis: *Sir Charles Gavan Duffy in Victoria* | 1943 |

## The Allan Martin Award

This biennial award has been named for A. W. Martin (1926–2002) and is administered jointly by the Australian National University and the Australian Historical Association. The award is to encourage "early career historians" for work relating to Australian History. Submissions for this award are those prepared for publication and can be in any form, e.g. a monograph, a series of academic articles, an exhibition or documentary film, or some mix of these. Seven women and six men have won the prize, with one non-white winner.

| Winner | Book / Project | Year awarded |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Rohan Howitt | *Undiscovering Emerald Island: Phantom Islands and Environmental Knowledge in Australia’s Southern Ocean World, 1821–1930* | 2023 |
| Ben Huf | *The Economy Is Not A Theory: The Politics of Prosperity in Australia* | 2023 |
| Xu Daozhi | *Chinese Perspectives on Indigenous People in Chinese Australian Newspapers, 1894-1937* | 2022 |
| Annemarie McLaren | *When the Strangers Come to Stay: Aboriginal-Colonial Exchanges and the Negotiation of New South Wales, 1788-1835* | 2021 |
| Alexandra Dellios | *Remembering Migrant Protest and Activism: the Migrant Rights Movement in pre-Multicultural Australia* | 2020 (shared) |
| Mike Jones | *Culture, common law, and science: representing deep human history in Australian museums* | 2020 (shared) |
| André Brett | *Scars in the Country: An Enviro-Economic History of Railways in Australasia, 1850–1914* | 2019 (shared) |
| Iain Johnston-White | *The Dominions and British Maritime Power in the Second World War* | 2019 (shared) |
| Peter Hobbins | *An intimate pandemic: Fostering community histories of the 1918–19 influenza pandemic centenary* | 2018 |
| Benjamin Mountford | *A Global History of Australian Gold* | 2017 |
| Ruth Morgan | *Australindia: Australia, India and the Ecologies of Empire, 1788–1901* | 2016 |
| Amanda (now Andy) Kaladelfos | *Immigration, Violence and Australian Postwar Politics* | 2014 |
| Melissa Bellanta | *Racial Crossings: Race, Intermarriage, and Victorian British Empire* | 2012 |
| Not awarded | "No application of sufficient merit was received." | 2010 |
| Fred Cahir | *Black gold: aboriginal peoples and gold in Victoria 1850-1870* | 2008 |
| Not awarded | Reason unknown | 2006 |
| Maria Nugent | *Botany Bay: Where Histories Meet* | 2004 |

## Blackwell AHA Prize

The publishers, Blackwell Publishing Asia, have sponsored a prize for the best postgraduate paper at a Regional Conference.

The AHA information states that the "prize will be judged on two criteria: 1) oral presentation of the paper 2) written version of the conference paper. The written version of the conference paper (not a longer version) is to be submitted at the start of the conference. The winner of the prize will be announced at the close of the conference."

* **2007 Winners**

Melissa Bellanta (University of Sydney) for *Raiders of the Lost Civilisation*, or, *Adventure-Romances of the Australian Desert, 1890-1907*, and Nell Musgrove (University of Melbourne) for *Private Homes, Public Scrutiny: Surveillance of 'the family' in postwar Melbourne*

## WK Hancock Prize

The WK Hancock Prize is run by Australian Historical Association (AHA) with the Department of Modern History, Macquarie University. It was instituted in 1987 in honour of Sir Keith Hancock and his life achievements.

The award is for the first book of history by an Australian scholar and for research using original sources. It is awarded biennially for a first book published in the preceding two years with the award presented at the AHA's National Biennial Conference.

* **2004 Winners**

Mary Anne Jebb for *Blood, Sweat and Welfare: a History of White Bosses and Aboriginal Pastoral Workers* (UWA Press, 2002)citation Warwick Anderson for *The Cultivation of Whiteness: Science, Health and Racial Destiny in Australia* (Melbourne University Press, 2002) * + **Highly Commended**

John Connor for *The Australian Frontier Wars: 1788-1838* (University of New South Wales Press) Brigid Hains for *The Ice and the Inland: Mawson, Flynn, and the Myth of the Frontier* (Melbourne University Press) * **2006 Winner** Tony Roberts for *Frontier Justice: A History of the Gulf Country to 1900* (UQP, 2005)
    + **Highly Commended**

Maria Nugent for *Botany Bay: Where Histories Meet* (Allen & Unwin, 2005) Sue Taffe for *Black and White Together, FCAATSI 1958-1972* (UQP, 2005) * **2008 Winner**:

Robert Kenny for *The Lamb enters the Dreaming: Nathaniel Pepper and the Ruptured World* (Scribe Publications, 2007) * + **2008 Highly Commended**

Tracey Banivanua-Mar for *Violence and Colonial Dialogue: The Australian-Pacific Indentured Labor Trade* (University of Hawaii Press, 2007) * **2010 Winner**:

Dr Natasha Campo for *From Superwomen to Domestic Goddesses: the rise and fall of Feminism* Peter Lang, 2009 * + **2010 Commendation**

Dr Clare Corbould for *Becoming African Americans" Black Public Life in Harlem, 1919-1939* Harvard University Press, 2009 * **2012 Joint Winners**

Frances M Clarke for *War Stories: Suffering and Sacrifice in the Civil War North* Ian Coller for *Arab France: Islam and the Making of Modern Europe, 1798-1831* * + **2012 Commendation**

Michael L. Ondaatje for *Black Conservative Intellectuals in Modern America* * **2014 Winner**:

Janet Butler for *Kitty's War: The Remarkable Wartime Experiences of Kit McNaughton* (University of Queensland Press, 2013) * **2016 Winner**:

Adam Clulow for *The Company and The Shogun: The Dutch Encounter with Tokugawa Japan* (Columbia University Press, 2014) * + **2016 Highly Commended**

Ruth Morgan for *Running Out? Water in Western Australia* (UWA Publishing, 2015) * **2018 Winner**:

Miranda Johnson for *The Land Is Our History: Indigeneity, Law, and the Settler State* (Oxford University Press) * **2020 Winner**:

Laura Rademaker for *Found in Translation: Many Meanings on a North Australian Mission* (University of Hawai’i Press) * **2022 Winner**:

Jason Gibson, *Ceremony Men: Making Ethnography and the Return of the Strehlow Collection* (SUNY Press)

## The Jill Roe Prize

The Jill Roe Prize is awarded annually to a postgraduate student for the best unpublished article of historical research. It was inaugurated in 2014 in honour of the late Jill Roe.

* **2014**: Chris Holdridge for *The Pageantry of the Anti-Convict Cause: Colonial Loyalism and Settler Celebrations in Tasmania and Cape Colony* (published in *History Australia 12*, No. 1, April 2015).
* **2015**: No prize awarded.
* **2016**: James H. Dunk for *The Liability of Colonial Madness: Jonathan Burke Hugo in Port Dalrymple, Sydney and Calcutta, 1812.*
* **2017**: James Findlay for *Cinematic Landscapes, Dark Tourism and the Ghosts of Port Arthur.*
* **2019**: No prize awarded.
* **2020**: Karen Twigg, *Dust, dryness and departure: constructions of masculinity and femininity during the WWII drought*.
* **2021**: Jessica Urwin, *"The old colonial power can stand proxy": The Royal Commission into British Nuclear Tests in Australia and the politics of the 1980s*
* **2022**: Catherine Gay, *All the perils of the ocean: Girls' emotions on voyages to Australia, 1851–1884.*
* **2023**: Harrison Croft, "'Are You Happy Now?': Gauging Streams and Building Postwar Victoria from the Periphery"

## The John Barrett Award for Australian Studies

The John Barrett Award for Australian Studies is for the best written article published in the *Journal of Australian Studies* in the categories: the best article by a scholar (open) and the best article by a scholar (post-graduate). Dr. Barrett, then Reader in history at La Trobe University, made a donation of $5000 in 1987 for any article in the Journal that was deemed by a panel of three judges to be of a ‘suitable standard’. The prize was dormant from 1995 until 2008.

| Winner | Article | Year (of article) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Joe Rich | G.W.L. Marshall-Hall and the Meaning of Indecency in Late Victorian Melbourne | 1988 |
| Chilla Bulbeck | Australian History Set in Concrete. The influence of the New Histories on Australian memorial construction | 1991 |
| Heather Goodall | ‘“The Whole Truth and Nothing But…” Some interactions of Western law, Aboriginal history and community memory | 1992 |
| Ann McGrath | ‘“Beneath the Skin”: Australian citizenship, rights and Aboriginal women’ | 1993 |
| Agnieksza Sobcinska | Australian Fellow-travellers to China: devotion and deceit in the People's Republic | 2008 (postgraduate) |
| Melissa Bellanta | A man of civic sentiment: the case of William Guthrie Spence | 2008 |
| Jen Hawksley | “In the shadow of war”: Australian parents and the legacy of loss 1915–35 | 2009 (postgraduate) |
| Jessie Mitchell | “The galling yoke of slavery”; race and separation in colonial Port Phillip | 2009 |
| Alana Piper | A growing vice’: the Truth about Brisbane girls and drunkenness in the early twentieth century | 2010 (postgraduate) |
| Jonathon Bollen | ‘Don't Give Up the Strip!: erotic performance as live entertainment in mid-twentieth century Australia | 2010 (joint) |
| Julie Kimber | “A nuisance to the community": policing the vagrant woman | 2010 (joint) |
| Jessica Neath | Empty Lands: contemporary art approaches to photographing historical trauma in Tasmania | 2012 (postgraduate) |
| Zoe Anderson | Borders, babies and “good refugees”: Australian representations of “illegal” immigration, 1979 | 2012 |
| Lyndall Ryan | The Black Line in Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania), 1830 | 2013 |
| Nathan Garvey | “Folkalising" Convicts: A ‘Botany Bay’ Ballad and its Cultural Contexts | 2014 |
| Chelsea Barnett | Man’s Man: Representations of Australian Post-War Masculinity in Man Magazine | 2015 (postgraduate) |
| Kumi Kato | Australia’s Whaling Discourse: Global Norm, Green Consciousness and Identity | 2015 |
| Catherine Austin and Farida Fozdar | “Team Australia": Cartoonists Challenging Exclusionary Nationalist Discourse | 2017 |
| Jan Cooper | In the Beginning Were Words: Aboriginal People and the Franchise | 2018 |
| Pete Walsh | The Blurred Space: Reading the Body Politic in Christos Tsiolkas’s The Slap and The Jesus Man | 2022 (postgraduate) |
| Michelle Arrow | “Smash Sexist Movies": Gender, Culture and Ocker Cinema in 1970s Australia | 2022 |
| C. J. Coventry | Sedimentary Layers: Bob Hawke’s Beer World Record and Ocker Chic | 2023 (postgraduate) |
| Jordana Silverstein | Files, Families and the Nation: An Archival History, Perhaps | 2023 |

## The Kay Daniels Award

Inaugurated in 2004, this award is named for Kay Daniels (1941–2001), historian and public servant, and recognises her interest in colonial and heritage history.

The biennial award will be administered by The Australian Historical Association.

* **2004**: Lucy Frost and Hamish Maxwell-Stuart (eds) for *Chain Letters: Narrating Convict Lives* (Melbourne University Press)
* **2006**: Trudy Mae Cowley for *A Drift of 'Derwent Ducks: Lives of the 200 Female Irish Convicts Transported on the Australasia from Dublin to Hobart in 1849* (Research Tasmania, Hobart, 2005)Review
* **2008**: Kirsty Reid for *Gender, Crime and Empire: Convicts, Settlers and the State in Early Colonial Australia*
* **2010**: Hamish Maxwell-Stuart for *Closing Hell's Gates: the Death of a Convict Station* (Allen & Unwin 2008)
* **2014**: Kristyn Harman for *Aboriginal Convicts: Australian, Khoisan and Maori Exiles*,(UNSW Press 2012)
* **2016**: Sue Castrique for *Under the Colony's Eye: Gentlemen and Convicts on Cockatoo Island 1839–1869* (Anchor Books Australia, 2014)
* **2018**: Joan Kavanagh and Dianne Snowden for *Van Diemen's Women: A History of Transportation to Tasmania* (The History Press Ltd).
* **2020**: Hilary Carey for *Empire of Hell. Religion and the Campaign to End Convict Transportation in the British Empire, 1788–1875* (Cambridge University Press, 2019)
* **2022**: Bill Bell for *Crusoe's Books: Readers in the Empire of Print 1800-1918* (Oxford University Press)

## The Serle Award

The Serle Award was first presented in 2002. The award was established through the generosity of Mrs Jessie Serle for the historian Geoffrey Serle (1922–1998).

The Serle Award is for the best thesis by an "early career researcher" and will be payable on receipt of publisher's proofs, which must be within twelve months of notification of the award. The biennial award will be administered by The Australian Historical Association.

| Winner | University | Thesis | Year awarded |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Karen Twigg | La Trobe University | *Along Tyrrell Creek: An Environmental History of a Mallee Community* | 2022 |
| Annemarie McLaren | Australian National University | *Negotiating Entanglement: Reading Aboriginal- Colonial Exchanges in Early New South Wales, 1788 – 1835* | 2020 |
| Anne (now Yves) Rees | Australian National University | *Travelling to Tomorrow: Australian Women in the United States, 1910–1960* | 2018 |
| Laura Rademaker | Australian National University | *Language and the Mission: Talking and Translating on Groote Eylandt, 1943–1973* | 2016 |
| Carolyn Holbrook | University of Melbourne | *The Great War in the Australian Imagination Since 1915* | 2014 |
| Bill Garner | University of Melbourne | *Land of Camps: The Ephemeral Settlement of Australia* | 2012 |
| Simon Sleight | Monash University | *The Territories of Youth: Young People and Public Space in Melbourne, c.1870-1901* | 2010 |
| Marina Larsson | La Trobe University | *The Burdens of Sacrifice: War Disability in Australian Families 1914–1939* | 2008 |
| Jessie Mitchell | Australian National University | *Flesh, Dreams and Spirit: Life on Aboriginal Mission Stations 1825–1850 A History of Cross-Cultural Connections* | 2006 |
| Bartolo Ziino | University of Melbourne | *A Distant Grief: Australians, War Graves and the Great Wa* | 2005 |


title: 2001 World Archery Championships

abstract: The 2001 World Archery Championships was the 41st edition of the event. It was held in Beijing, China on 16–23 September 2001 and was organized by World Archery Federation (FITA).

text:
# 2001 World Archery Championships

The **2001 World Archery Championships** was the 41st edition of the event. It was held in Beijing, China on 16–23 September 2001 and was organized by World Archery Federation (FITA).

## Medals table

*   Host nation (China)

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | South Korea | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 |
| 2 | France | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| | Sweden | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 4 | China* | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| | Norway | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 6 | Slovenia | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 7 | Italy | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 8 | Germany | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 9 | Finland | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Great Britain | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Netherlands | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Ukraine | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (12 entries) | | 8 | 8 | 8 | 24 |

## Medals summary

### Recurve

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's individual | Yeon Jung-ki
South Korea | Lionel Torres
France | Park Kyung-mo
South Korea |
| Women's individual | Park Sung-hyun
South Korea | Kim Kyung-wook
South Korea | Kateryna Palekha
Ukraine |
| Men's team | South Korea
Yeon Jung-ki
Lee Chang-hwan
Park Kyung-mo | Italy
Michele Frangilli
Ilario di Buo
Matteo Bisiani | China
Chen Hongyuan
Sun Jian
Yang Bo |
| Women's team | China
Zhang Juanjuan
He Ying
Yang Jianping | Italy
Natalia Valeeva
Irene Franchini
Roberta Allodi | South Korea
Choi Nam-ok
Park Sung-hyun
Kim Kyung-wook |

### Compound

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's individual | Dejan Sitar
Slovenia | Morgan Lundin
Sweden | Morten Bøe
Norway |
| Women's individual | Ulrika Sjöwall
Sweden | Bettina Thiele
Germany | Sirkka Sokka-Matikainen
Finland |
| Men's team | Norway
Morten Bøe
Sigmund Johansen
Kolbjoern Flaa | Germany
Robert Hesse
Stefan Griem
Rainer Voss | United Kingdom
Chris White
Michael Peart
Jonathan Mynott |
| Women's team | France
Maggy Masson
Catherine Pellen
Valerie Fabre | Italy
Stefania Montagnoni
Assunta Atorino
Francesca Peracino | Netherlands
Irma Luyting
Marjon Pigney
Olga Zandvliet |

## InfoBox

| 2001 World Archery Championships | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Beijing, China |
| Start date | 16 September |
| End date | 23 September |
|


title: 1958 Liga Española de Baloncesto

abstract: The 1958 season was the 2nd season of the Liga Española de Baloncesto. Real Madrid won their title.

text:
# 1958 Liga Española de Baloncesto

The **1958 season** was the 2nd season of the Liga Española de Baloncesto. Real Madrid won their title.

## Teams

### Venues and locations

| Team | Home city | Arena | Capacity |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Aismalíbar | Montcada i Reixac | Palacio de los Deportes | 8,000 |
| Barcelona | Barcelona | Palacio de los Deportes | 8,000 |
| Español | Barcelona | Palacio de los Deportes | 8,000 |
| Estudiantes | Madrid | Fiesta Alegre | 3,500 |
| Hesperia | Madrid | Fiesta Alegre | 3,500 |
| Juventud | Badalona | La Plana |  |
| Layetano | Barcelona | Palacio de los Deportes | 8,000 |
| Orillo Verde | Sabadell | Palacio de los Deportes | 8,000 |
| Real Canoe | Madrid | Fiesta Alegre | 3,500 |
| Real Madrid | Madrid | Fiesta Alegre | 3,500 |

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | PF | PA | PD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Real Madrid (C) | 18 | 16 | 0 | 2 | 1241 | 880 | +361 | 32 | Qualification to European Champions Cup |
| 2 | Juventud | 18 | 14 | 1 | 3 | 1059 | 821 | +238 | 29 |  |
| 3 | Aismalíbar | 18 | 13 | 0 | 5 | 1031 | 866 | +165 | | 26 |
| 4 | Orillo Verde | 18 | 13 | 0 | 5 | 1054 | 893 | +161 | | 26 |
| 5 | Estudiantes | 18 | 11 | 1 | 6 | 879 | 861 | +18 | | 23 |
| 6 | Hesperia | 18 | 7 | 0 | 11 | 1028 | 1032 | 4 | | 14 |
| 7 | Español | 18 | 7 | 0 | 11 | 943 | 1092 | 149 | | 14 |
| 8 | Barcelona | 18 | 4 | 0 | 14 | 791 | 938 | 147 | | 8 |
| 9 | Layetano (R) | 18 | 2 | 0 | 16 | 759 | 1125 | 366 | 4 | Relegation playoffs |
| 10 | Real Canoe (O) | 18 | 2 | 0 | 16 | 814 | 1091 | 277 | | 4 |

Source: Linguasport
(C) Champions; (O) Play-off winners; (R) Relegated

## Relegation playoffs

| Team 1 | Series | Team 2 | Game 1 | Game 2 | Game 3 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **La Salle Josepets** | 2–1 | Layetano | **60**–48 | 38–**62** | **45**–32 |
| **Real Canoe** | 2–0 | Parque Móvil | **59**–39 | **44**–24 | 0 |

## Individual statistics

### Points

| Rank | Name | Team | Games | Points | PPG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Alfonso Martínez | Real Madrid | 18 | 310 | **17.2** |
| 2 | Jordi Bonareu | Orillo Verde | 18 | 303 | **16.8** |
| 3 | Carlos Sevillano | Hesperia | 18 | 290 | **16.1** |
| 4 | Constantino Nadal | Hesperia | 18 | 276 | **15.3** |
| 5 | Johnny Báez | Real Madrid | 18 | 269 | **14.9** |

## InfoBox

| Liga Española de Baloncesto | |
| --- | --- |
| Season | 1958 |
| Games played | 90 |
| Teams | 10 |
| Finals | |
| Champions | **Real Madrid**
(2nd title) |
| Runners-up | Juventud |
| Statistical leaders | |
| Points Alfonso Martínez  17.2 | |
| Records | |
| Biggest home win | Real Madrid 96–48 Layetano
(8 March 1958) |
| Biggest away win | Layetano 34–97 Real Madrid
(24 May 1958) |
| Highest scoring | Real Madrid 96–48 Layetano
(8 March 1958) |
| Winning streak | 12 games
Real Madrid |
| Losing streak | 12 games
Real Canoe |
| 1957 1958–59 | |


title: Baptist Noel, 3rd Earl of Gainsborough

abstract: Baptist Noel, 3rd Earl of Gainsborough was an English peer and Member of Parliament.

text:
# Baptist Noel, 3rd Earl of Gainsborough

**Baptist Noel, 3rd Earl of Gainsborough** (1684 – 17 April 1714) was an English peer and Member of Parliament.

## Early life

Baptist Noel was born in 1684. He was the son of Baptist Noel and cousin of Wriothesley Noel, 2nd Earl of Gainsborough.

## Career

Noel inherited the earldom from his cousin in 1690. He served as the High Steward of Chipping Campden.

## Personal life

Noel married his first cousin Lady Dorothy Manners, daughter of Catherine Wriothesley Noel (daughter of Baptist Noel, 3rd Viscount Campden) and John Manners, 1st Duke of Rutland. They had three sons and three daughters:

## Death and legacy

The earl died of smallpox, aged 29, on 17 April 1714, and was succeeded by his eldest son.

## InfoBox

| Baptist Noel, 3rd Earl of Gainsborough | |
| --- | --- |
| Portrait of Baptist Noel, 3rd Earl of Gainsborough, when a boy (by John Baptist Closterman) | |
| Born | 1684 |
| Died | 17 April 1714(1714-04-17) (aged 29–30) |
| Occupation | Aristocrat |
| Spouse | Lady Dorothy Manners |
| Parent(s) | Baptist Noel<br>Susannah Fanshawe |
| Relatives | Wriothesley Noel, 2nd Earl of Gainsborough (cousin) |


title: Eubaphe unicolor

abstract: Eubaphe unicolor is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae. It is found throughout North America to South America. The MONA or Hodges number for Eubaphe unicolor is 7444.

text:
# Eubaphe unicolor

***Eubaphe unicolor*** is a species of geometrid moth in the family Geometridae. It is found throughout North America to South America.

The MONA or Hodges number for *Eubaphe unicolor* is 7444.

## Subspecies

These two subspecies belong to the species *Eubaphe unicolor*:

* *Eubaphe unicolor unicolor*
* *Eubaphe unicolor venustata* Fletcher, 1954

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Eubaphe unicolor* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Eubaphe unicolor | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Tribe: | Eudulini |
| Genus: | *Eubaphe* |
| Species: | ***E. unicolor*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eubaphe unicolor***<br>(Robinson, 1869) | |
|


title: Emmanuel Noterman

abstract: Emmanuel Noterman was a Belgian painter and printmaker known for his genre scenes, in particular his scenes with monkeys engaging in human activities, as well as for his paintings of dogs.

text:
# Emmanuel Noterman

**Emmanuel Noterman** (April 1808 – 14 May 1863) was a Belgian painter and printmaker known for his genre scenes, in particular his scenes with monkeys engaging in human activities (the so-called *singeries*), as well as for his paintings of dogs.

## Life

Emmanuel Noterman was born in Oudenaarde as the son of a decorative painter. He was initially also trained in the craft of gilding. The young Emmanuel received the first artistic notions from his maternal grandfather, Bernard Durieux, a lawyer and amateur painter. Noterman continued his art studies at the Academy of Fine Arts of Ghent under the guidance of Maes-Canini. He devoted himself initially to portrait painting, first in Geraardsbergen and then in Brussels.

In 1835 Noterman moved to Antwerp, where, under the guidance and with the advice of Pierre Kremer, he changed to the painting of genre scenes. He achieved a certain level of success with his humorous scenes. He sent his paintings to various Belgian salons and was lauded for his contribution to the 1836 salon in Brussels with a composition entitled *Preparations for the masked ball*.

Noterman trained a few students, of whom the best-known are Jean Pierre François Lamorinière, Ernest Slingeneyer and Jan Stobbaerts. His younger brother Zacharie Noterman also studied painting and etching with Emmanuel. Like his brother, Zacharie would establish himself as an animal artist and specialized in particular in singeries.

Like many other artists in Antwerp at the time such as Joseph Lies and Ernest Slingeneyer, Noterman became a member of the loge of freemasons *La Persévérance*.

Noterman died in Antwerp on 14 May 1863.

## Work

Noterman started painting portraits but quickly moved to genre scenes and then animal paintings. His representations of dogs were particularly well prized.

Noterman also painted multiple scenes with cats and dogs. Noterman created a number of *singeries*, paintings and etchings of monkeys engaging in human activities. The monkeys were often dressed in costumes which added comedy to the 'aping' by the monkeys of a specific human action (often vices) or occupation. Noterman occasionally painted the animals in the landscapes of the Antwerp landscape painter Jean Pierre François Lamorinière.

Noterman is the author of several etchings.

Media related to Emmanuel Noterman at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Emmanuel Noterman | |
| --- | --- |
| *Emmanuel Noterman*, by Joseph Nauwens | |
| Born | Emmanuel Noterman
April 1808
Oudenaarde, First French Empire |
| Died | 14 May 1863(1863-05-14) (aged 55)
Antwerp, belgium |
| Education | Academy of Fine Arts of Ghent |
| Occupation | Painter |


title: Avsallar

abstract: Avsallar is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Alanya, Antalya Province, Turkey. Its population is 15,220 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde).

text:
# Avsallar

**Avsallar** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Alanya, Antalya Province, Turkey. Its population is 15,220 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (*belde*).

## Geography

It is a coastal town on Turkish state highway D.400 which runs from west to east in southern Turkey. The distance to Alanya is 24 kilometres (15 mi) and to Antalya is 110 kilometres (68 mi).

## History

It's believed that Avsallar was founded by a group of Oghuz Turks belonging to the Avshar tribe from Kençek Señir (a historical settlement in Talas Province of Kyrgyzstan) in the 15th century. The name Avsallar is thought to be a corrupted form of Avsharlar (-lar is a Turkic plural suffix). The earlier settlement was to the north of the present Avsallar. In 1843 following a fire, the people moved to present location. In 1986 Avsallar was declared a seat of township.

## Economy

The economy of the town depends on tourism and citrus farming. But because of new hotel constructions the proportion of land allocated to farming is shrinking.

## International relations

Avsallar is twinned with:

## InfoBox

| Avsallar | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| A camel at Avsallar's beach | |
| AvsallarLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 36°35′N 31°53′E / 36.583°N 31.883°E / 36.583; 31.883 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Antalya |
| District | Alanya |
| Elevation | 20 m (70 ft) |
| Population (2022) | 15,220 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Postal code | 07410 |
| Area code | 0242 |


title: 2009 Bangladesh Super Cup

abstract: The 2009 Bangladesh Super Cup also known as the Citycell Bangladesh Super Cup for sponsorship reasons, was the inaugural edition of the Bangladesh Super Cup. The tournament was organized by the Bangladesh Football Federation and all games were held at the Bangabandhu National Stadium. The winners of the tournament received a prize money of Tk 1cr, earning the tournament the nickname the koti takar khela.

text:
# 2009 Bangladesh Super Cup

The **2009 Bangladesh Super Cup** also known as the **Citycell Bangladesh Super Cup** for sponsorship reasons, was the inaugural edition of the Bangladesh Super Cup. The tournament was organized by the Bangladesh Football Federation and all games were held at the Bangabandhu National Stadium. The winners of the tournament received a prize money of Tk 1cr, earning the tournament the nickname the *koti takar khela* (Million dollar game).

## Venues

| Dhaka |
| --- |
| Bangabandhu National Stadium |
| Capacity: 36,000 |
|  |

## Participating teams

The top eight teams from the 2008–09 B.League were given entry to the tournament.

## Prize money

* Champion: 1.20 crore Taka
* Runner-up: 20 lakh Taka
* Third Place: 7 lakh Taka
* Fourth Place: 6 lakh Taka
* Plate winners: 4 lakh Taka
* Plate runners-up: 3 lakh Taka

## Group stage

### Group A

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Dhaka Abahani | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 1 | +7 | 9 | Advance to Knockout stage |
| Chittagong Mohammedan | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2 | +3 | | 6 |
| Sheikh Russel KC | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 3 | Advance to Plate Trophy |
| Rahmatganj MFS | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 6 | | 0 |

Source: archive.bff.com.bd

| Dhaka Abahani | 30 | Rahmatganj MFS |
| --- | --- | --- |
| * Emeka Christian  2', 81' * Faisal  58' | Report |  |

Bangabandhu National Stadium, DhakaAttendance: 8,000

| Chittagong Mohammedan | 20 | Sheikh Russel KC |
| --- | --- | --- |
| * Nasir  19' * Raphael Sagno  54' | Report |  |

Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka

---

| Sheikh Russel KC | 10 | Rahmatganj MFS |
| --- | --- | --- |
| * Vukadin Milunovic  52' | Report |  |

Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka

| Dhaka Abahani | 21 | Chittagong Mohammedan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| * Emeka Christian  44', 87' | Report | * Raphael Sagno  39' |

Bangabandhu National Stadium, DhakaAttendance: 10,000Referee: Azad Rahman (Bangladesh)

---

| Chittagong Mohammedan | 20 | Rahmatganj MFS |
| --- | --- | --- |
| * Raphael Sagno  39', 73' | Report |  |

Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka

| Dhaka Abahani | 30 | Sheikh Russel KC |
| --- | --- | --- |
| * Awudu Ibrahim  6' * Ameli  68' * Emeka Christian  89' | Report |  |

Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka

### Group B

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Dhaka Mohammedan | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 1 | +5 | 7 | Advance to Knockout stage |
| Brothers Union | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 1 | +3 | | 5 |
| Farashganj SC | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | Advance to Plate Trophy |
| Chittagong Abahani | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 6 | | 0 |

Source: archive.bff.com.bd

| Brothers Union | 00 | Farashganj SC |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka

| Dhaka Mohammedan | 10 | Chittagong Abahani |
| --- | --- | --- |
| * Alamu Bukola  64' (pen.) | Report |  |

Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka

---

| Brothers Union | 30 | Chittagong Abahani |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka

| Dhaka Mohammedan | 40 | Farashganj SC |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka

---

| Farashganj SC | 20 | Chittagong Abahani |
| --- | --- | --- |
| * Khokon Das  25' * Idris Mutubi  75' | Report |  |

Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka

| Brothers Union | 11 | Dhaka Mohammedan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| * Henry Quaye  15' | Report | * John Godwin  7' |

Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka

## Plate trophy knockout stage

### Semi-final

| Sheikh Russel KC | 1–1
(a.e.t.) | Chittagong Abahani |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | * Joshep Romeo  83' |
| Penalties | | |
| * Mahmudul Hasan
Rachid Brigeme
Maksudul Alam Bulbul
Alfaz
Vukadin Milunovic | 5–3 | * Sayedul Haque
Banei Othelo
Tommy
Md Emon |

Bangabandhu National Stadium, DhakaReferee: Tayeb Shamsuzzaman (Bangladesh)

---

| Farashganj SC | 0–0
(a.e.t.) | Rahmatganj MFS |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |
| Penalties | | |
|  | 5–3 | * Jahangir Patwary
Idris Kaseriy
Mostafa Kaba
Onyeokoro Felix |

Bangabandhu National Stadium, DhakaReferee: Abdul Hannan Miron (Bangladesh)

### Final

| Farashganj SC | 1–0 | Sheikh Russel KC |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Bangabandhu National Stadium, DhakaReferee: Abdul Hannan Miron (Bangladesh)

## Super Cup knockout stage

### Semi-final

| Dhaka Abahani | 3–2 | Brothers Union |
| --- | --- | --- |
| * Awudu Ibrahim  16' * Ameli  79', 81' | Report |  |

Bangabandhu National Stadium, DhakaAttendance: 10,000Referee: Tayeb Shamsuzzaman (Bangladesh)

| Brothers Union | 0–0 | Dhaka Abahani |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Bangabandhu National Stadium, DhakaReferee: Abdur Rahman (Qatar)

*Dhaka Abahani won 3–2 on aggregate.*

---

| Dhaka Mohammedan | 1–0 | Chittagong Mohammedan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| * Alamu Bukola  89' | Report |  |

Bangabandhu National Stadium, DhakaAttendance: 15,000Referee: Azad Rahman (Bangladesh)

| Chittagong Mohammedan | 1–0
(a.e.t.) | Dhaka Mohammedan |
| --- | --- | --- |
| * Akbor Hossain Ridon  79' | Report |  |
| Penalties | | |
| * Camara Saifullah
Nasir
Pavel Mahmud
Showkat Khan
Raphael Sagno | 2–3 | * John Godwin
Dami Emmanuelle
Maruf Ahmed
Sharif
Hazem Mahmud |

Bangabandhu National Stadium, DhakaReferee: Abdur Rahman (Qatar)

*1–1 on aggregate. Dhaka Mohammedan won 3–2 on penalties.*

### Third-place

| Brothers Union | 3–1 | Chittagong Mohammedan |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | * Raphael Sagno  1' |

Bangabandhu National Stadium, DhakaReferee: Azad Rahman (Bangladesh)

### Final

| Dhaka Mohammedan | 1–0 | Dhaka Abahani |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Bangabandhu National Stadium, DhakaAttendance: 44,000Referee: Alireza Faghani (Iran)

## Annual awards

### Individual

| Award | Player | Club | Reward | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Highest Scorer | Emeka Christian | Dhaka Abahani |  |  |
| Most valuable player | Zahid Hasan Ameli | Dhaka Abahani |  |  |
| Best goalkeeper | Aminul Haque | Dhaka Mohammedan | 1 lakh Taka |  |
|

### Prize Money

| Position | Club | Prize Money | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Champions | Dhaka Mohammedan | 1.20 crore Taka |  |
| Runners-up | Dhaka Abahani | 20 lakh Taka |  |
| Third place | Brothers Union | 7 lakh Taka |  |
| Fourth place | Chittagong Mohammedan | 6 lakh Taka |  |
| Plate winners | Farashganj SC | 4 lakh Taka |  |
| Plate runners-up | Sheikh Russel KC | 3 lakh Taka |  |
|

## InfoBox

2009 Bangladesh Super Cup
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Host country | Bangladesh |
| City | Dhaka |
| Dates | 11 March - 27 March 2009 |
| Teams | 8 |
| Venue(s) | 1 (in 1 host city) |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Dhaka Mohammedan
(1st title) |
| Runners-up | Dhaka Abahani |
| Third place | Brothers Union |
| Fourth place | Chittagong Mohammedan |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 21 |
| Goals scored | 57 (2.71 per match) |
| Top scorer(s) | Emeka Christian
(5 goals) |
| Best player(s) | Zahid Hasan Ameli |
| Best goalkeeper | Aminul Haque |
|


title: Enemy of the System

abstract: Enemy of the System is a studio album by the ska band the Toasters, released in 2002. The album was the first Toasters release on Asian Man Records; their long standing label Moon Ska Records became defunct in 2000. It was released 5 years after Don't Let the Bastards Grind You Down, due to the demise of ska label Moon Ska and, also, the decrease of third wave ska's mainstream popularity that saw the disappearance of a lot of ska bands some years before. The band supported the album with a North American tour. "Dog Eat Dog" is about the music business and the band's label struggles.

text:
# Enemy of the System

***Enemy of the System*** is a studio album by the ska band the Toasters, released in 2002. The album was the first Toasters release on Asian Man Records; their long standing label Moon Ska Records became defunct in 2000. It was released 5 years after *Don't Let the Bastards Grind You Down*, due to the demise of ska label Moon Ska and, also, the decrease of third wave ska's mainstream popularity that saw the disappearance of a lot of ska bands some years before. The band supported the album with a North American tour. "Dog Eat Dog" is about the music business and the band's label struggles.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

*Exclaim!* noted that "there is nothing new here; the music is poppy ska mixed with rock, blasting horns and Bucket's trademarked vocals." *Trouser Press* opined that "the music is consistently upbeat, but the playing is even more restrained and predictable than it was on *Don't Let the Bastards Grind You Down*. The *Chicago Tribune* called the album "infectious old-school ska so tuneful and danceable it blows most of today's ska-punk urchins right off their skateboards."

AllMusic wrote that "their first studio album in five years shows blessedly little in the way of artistic maturation; it's chock-full of the same old straight-up, R&B-influenced ska that the band has been playing since the early '80s."

## Track listing

1. "Skafinger" – 2:44
2. "Enemy of the System" – 3:03
3. "Dog Eat Dog" – 4:19
4. "Pirate Radio" – 3:52
5. "Sweet Home Town Jamaica" – 4:12
6. "Sitting on the Top of the World" – 3:07
7. "Modern World America" – 2:44
8. "Why, Oh, Why?" – 4:23
9. "Pendulum" – 3:04
10. "Can I Get Another?" – 2:41
11. "Barney" – 3:29
12. "If You Loved Me" – 2:49
13. "Road to Rio" – 2:53
14. "Social Security" – 3:04

## InfoBox

| Enemy of The System | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by the Toasters | |
| Released | 2002 |
| Genre | Ska |
| Length | 46:30 |
| Label | Asian Man, Moon Ska Brasil, & Moon Ska Europe |
| Producer | Robert "Bucket" Hingley |
| The Toasters chronology | |
| *Don't Let the Bastards Grind You Down*
(2004) ***Enemy of The System***
(2002) *One More Bullet*
(2007) | |


abstract: The 1984 Annandale and Eskdale District Council election was the fourth election to Annandale and Eskdale District Council. The district council was the lower tier of local government in the area, below Dumfries and Galloway Regional Council. This was the first election to Annandale and Eskdale District council where political parties fielded candidates. A total of 11 wards were contested, which is a significant increase from last election where only 3 wards were contested.

text:
# 1984 Annandale and Eskdale District Council election

The **1984 Annandale and Eskdale District Council election** was the fourth election to Annandale and Eskdale District Council. The district council was the lower tier of local government in the area, below Dumfries and Galloway Regional Council.

This was the first election to Annandale and Eskdale District council where political parties fielded candidates. A total of 11 wards were contested, which is a significant increase from last election where only 3 wards were contested.

## Results

1984 Annandale and Eskdale District Council election result
| Party | | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | 12 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 75.0 | 55.6 | 4,694 | 44.4 |
|  | Alliance | 4 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 25.0 | 26.3 | 2,219 | *New* |
|  | Labour | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | 0.0 | 10.8 | 908 | *New* |
|  | SNP | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | 0.0 | 7.3 | 619 | *New* |

Source:

## Results by ward

Greenknowe
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | G. Willacy | 533 | 53.5% | −2.4% |
|  | Labour | R.L. Brown | 462 | 46.3% | N/A |

Galabank
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | W.H. Grieve | 270 | 43.7% | N/A |
|  | Labour | A.M. Telford | 267 | 43.2% | N/A |
|  | Independent | R. McCubbin | 80 | 12.7% | N/A |

Standalane
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | F. Park | 519 | 61.3% | N/A |
|  | Independent | J. Johnston | 328 | 38.7% | −29.2% |

Springbells/Creca
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | S. Adams | 439 | 67.4% | N/A |
|  | Independent | G. Proudfoot | 132 | 20.3% | Defeated |
|  | Labour | E.G.H. Blackmore | 79 | 12.1% | N/A |

Eastriggs
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | R.J. Brodie | Unopposed | Unopposed | N/A |

Gretna
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | R.G. Greenhow | Unopposed | Unopposed | N/A |

Langholm
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | J.W. Bruce | Unopposed | Unopposed | N/A |

Buccleuch
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | G.M. Flitcroft | Unopposed | Unopposed | N/A |

Kirtle
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | J. Rae | 419 | 54.9% | N/A |
|  | Liberal | E.T.A. Sinclair | 341 | 44.7% | N/A |

Milk
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | W.A. Rutherford | 474 | 82.1% | N/A |
|  | Labour | D. Lindsay | 100 | 17.3% | N/A |

Moffat
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | J.S. Richardson | 629 | 55.3% | N/A |
|  | SNP | W.P. Farrell | 507 | 44.6% | N/A |

Beattock
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal | J.D. Stevenson | 366 | 76.1% | N/A |
|  | SNP | W.G. Millar | 112 | 23.3% | N/A |

Cummertrees
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | T. Gates | 394 | 64.3% | N/A |
|  | Independent | W.J. Ellis | 219 | 35.7% | N/A |

Lochmaben
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | M.E. Wilson | Unopposed | Unopposed | N/A |

Dryfe
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | SDP | D.G. Mundell | 669 | 73.9% | N/A |
|  | Independent | W.E. Jardine | 235 | 26% | Defeated |

Lockerbie
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | P. Cameron | 543 | 62.6% | N/A |
|  | Liberal | H.A.T. Young | 324 | 37.3% | N/A |

## InfoBox

1984 Annandale and Eskdale District Council election
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| ---  All 16 Seats for Annandale and Eskdale District Council | |
| Turnout | 44.5% |
| First party Second party   Party Independent Alliance  Last election 16 seats, 100.0% *Did not contest*  Seats won 12 4  Seat change  4  4  Popular vote 4,694 2,219  Percentage 55.6% 26.3%  Swing  44.4% *New* | |


abstract: The 1958 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship was the 64th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887. Claughaun were the defending champions. On 14 September 1958, Claughaun won the championship after a 2–09 to 1–04 defeat of Cappamore in the final. It was their seventh championship title overall and their second championship title in succession.

text:
# 1958 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship

The **1958 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship** was the 64th staging of the Limerick Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Limerick County Board in 1887.

Claughaun were the defending champions.

On 14 September 1958, Claughaun won the championship after a 2–09 to 1–04 defeat of Cappamore in the final. It was their seventh championship title overall and their second championship title in succession.

## Results

### Final

| 14 September 1958 Final | **Claughaun** | **2-09 - 1-04** | **Cappamore** | Gaelic Grounds, Limerick |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

1958 Limerick Senior Hurling Championship
| Champions | Claughaun (7th title) |
| --- | --- |
| Runners-up | Cappamore |
| 1957 (Previous) (Next) 1959 | |


title: Baptist Noel, 4th Earl of Gainsborough

abstract: Baptist Noel, 4th Earl of Gainsborough was an English peer and Member of Parliament, styled Viscount Campden until 1714.

text:
# Baptist Noel, 4th Earl of Gainsborough

**Baptist Noel, 4th Earl of Gainsborough** (1708 – 21 March 1751) was an English peer and Member of Parliament, styled **Viscount Campden** until 1714.

## Early life

He was the son of Baptist Noel, 3rd Earl of Gainsborough and Lady Dorothy Manners, the second daughter of John Manners, 1st Duke of Rutland, by his third wife, the Hon. Catherine Noel (eldest daughter by his fourth wife of Baptist Noel, 3rd Viscount Campden). His sister, Lady Susan Noel married their second cousin, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 4th Earl of Shaftesbury.

## Career

In 1714, he inherited the earldom of Gainsborough upon his father's death.

Gainsborough was High Steward of Chipping Campden and was appointed Warden and Chief Ranger of Lyfield Forest in 1737.

## Personal life

In 1728 he married Elizabeth Chapman. Their children were:

The earl died in his early forties, and was succeeded by his eldest son. His widow later married his cousin, Thomas Noel. On the death of the 6th Earl of Gainsborough in 1798, all his titles became extinct and his estates were inherited by his nephew Sir Gerard Noel, 2nd Baronet. In 1841 his eldest son, Sir Charles Noel, 3rd Baronet, was created Earl of Gainsborough.

## InfoBox

| The Right HonourableThe Earl of Gainsborough | |
| --- | --- |
| Portrait of Baptist Noel, 4th Earl of Gainsborough (circle of Sir Godfrey Kneller) | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Baptist Noel
1708 |
| Died | 21 March 1751(1751-03-21) (aged 42–43) |
| Spouse | Elizabeth Chapman
(m. 1728) |
| Parent(s) | Baptist Noel, 3rd Earl of Gainsborough
Lady Dorothy Manners |
| Relatives | John Manners, 1st Duke of Rutland (grandfather) |
| Education | St John's College, Cambridge |
| Occupation | Aristocrat |
|  | |


title: Estreito de Câmara de Lobos

abstract: Estreito de Câmara de Lobos is a civil parish in the municipality of Câmara de Lobos in the archipelago of Madeira. The population in 2011 was 10,629, in an area of 7.87 km². Apart from its construction services and commerce, Estreito de Câmara do Lobos is important for its cultivation of grapes, for the production of Madeira wine.

text:
# Estreito de Câmara de Lobos

**Estreito de Câmara de Lobos** (Portuguese pronunciation: \[ɨˈʃtɾɐjtu ðɨ ˈkɐmɐɾɐ ðɨ ˈloβuʃ\]; Portuguese for *strait of Câmara de Lobos*) is a civil parish in the municipality of Câmara de Lobos in the archipelago of Madeira. The population in 2011 was 10,629, in an area of 7.87 km². Apart from its construction services and commerce, Estreito de Câmara do Lobos is important for its cultivation of grapes, for the production of Madeira wine.

## History

The parishes name derives from oral tradition; although there are no dates affixed to the origin of the parish, the Estreito de Câmara de Lobos is associated with a small place situated near the parochial church, known for its physical characteristics as a *strait*; its history developed from there, and residents commonly referred to the area around the church as the *estreito*.

The parish was created in 1509, long after the first religious institutions were celebrated; parish records indicate that Franciscan clergy used to celebrate masses in an old chapel of wood around 1440 in the area of the parochial church.

On 14 September 1994, the parish was elevated to the status of town, published in the Diário da República (Series A, nº213/14 September 1994).

## Geography

Estreito is bordered on the south and west by the parish of Câmara de Lobos, to the north by Jardim da Serra, to the west by Quinta Grande, and on its eastern border with the municipality of Funchal.

The north of the parish is primarily elevated mountains, where traditional levadas (earthen constructions) still function; these courses were used to transport water by gravity to the population centres and agricultural tracts along its course.

Many older manor homes still pepper the foothills of the parish, that were used as summer homes by nobles and merchants from old Funchal, marked by belvederes and lookouts, such Boca dos Namorados, Boca da Corrida and Jardim da Serra. It has a few schools, two churches and a civic centre.

The population of Estreito represents 29.6% the municipality's population, although this has varied considerably within the last 50 years: this includes the loss of many people from the de-annexation of Jardim da Serra, as well as emigration and population shifts within the island. Regardless, of the five parishes that make-up Câmara de Lobos, Estreito had the second largest birth rate (16.9%), along with a high percentage of youth 0–14 years of age (25.7% or 2630). This was attributed by the local parish government with the settling of more families in the region, with young children or by young adults. Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE) records indicate approximately 2715 families in 2001, mostly composed of large families with many children, similarly reflected in 3217 family homes established in the parish.

The main settlements of the parish are Barreiros, Cabo do Podão, Casa Caída, Castelejo, Covão, Fajã das Galinhas, Fontes, Foro, Garachico, Igreja, Marinheira, Panasqueira, Pomar do Meio, Picos e Salões, Quinta de Santo António, Ribeira da Caixa Ribeira Fernanda, Romeiras and Vargem.

## Economy

At the time of its ascension to *town*, its population included 13000 inhabitants, dedicated to construction, commerce, horticulture and agriculture, specifically the cultivation of grapes for wine and cherries. The parish is important in Maderia wine production, being the heaviest producer of the spirit in the region, as well as its prime beef cattle. Weekly, the centre of Estreito is taken over on Sunday by merchants to sell products in the market, materials for construction, off-the-rack clothing, animals and the negotiation of services.

## InfoBox

| Estreito de Câmara de Lobos | |
| --- | --- |
| Civil parish | |
| The settlement of Garachico, with the Church of Nossa Senhora do Bom Sucesso in the foreground, as seen in the Ribeira da Caixa from the centre of Estreito | |
| Estreito de Câmara de LobosLocation in Madeira | |
| Coordinates: 32°40′33″N 16°58′38″W / 32.67583°N 16.97722°W / 32.67583; -16.97722 | |
| Country | Portugal |
| Auton. region | Madeira |
| Island | Madeira |
| Municipality | Câmara de Lobos |
| Established | Settlement: fl. 1440
Parish: c. 1509
Town: 14 September 1994 |
| Area | |
| Total | 7.87 km2 (3.04 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 506 m (1,660 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 10,269 |
| Density | 1,300/km2 (3,400/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC±00:00 (WET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+01:00 (WEST) |
| Postal code | 9325 - 023 |
| Area code | 291 |
| Website | www.fregestreitodecamaradelobos.pt |


title: Eucalyptus pachyphylla

abstract: Eucalyptus pachyphylla, commonly known as thick-leaved mallee or the red-budded mallee, is a species of mallee that is native to inland Australia. It has smooth bark, egg-shaped to lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three with five prominent ribs on each bud, and broad, shallow, conical to hemispherical fruit.

text:
# Eucalyptus pachyphylla

***Eucalyptus pachyphylla***, commonly known as **thick-leaved mallee** or the **red-budded mallee**, is a species of mallee that is native to inland Australia. It has smooth bark, egg-shaped to lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three with five prominent ribs on each bud, and broad, shallow, conical to hemispherical fruit.

## Description

*Eucalyptus pachyphylla* is a mallee that typically grows to a height of 1.5–5 m (4 ft 11 in – 16 ft 5 in), sometimes as high as 7 m (23 ft), and forms a lignotuber. It has a smooth textured white, grey, grey brown, grey-pink or brown bark that is sheds in loose ribbons at the base. Young plants and coppice regrowth have coarse, dull greyish green, egg-shaped to lance-shaped leaves that are up to 160 mm (6.3 in) long and 50 mm (2.0 in) wide. Adult leaves are the same shade of green on both sides, thick, egg-shaped to lance-shaped, 60–115 mm (2.4–4.5 in) long and 20–45 mm (0.79–1.77 in) wide, on a petiole 12–35 mm (0.47–1.38 in) long.

The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of three on an unbranched peduncle 4–20 mm (0.16–0.79 in) long, the individual buds on pedicels 3–10 mm (0.12–0.39 in) long. Mature buds are oval, 18–32 mm (0.71–1.26 in) long and 13–25 mm (0.51–0.98 in) wide, with five prominent, thin ribs along the sides and a beaked operculum 13–25 mm (0.51–0.98 in) long. The buds are pinkish near flowering time. Flowering occurs between April and July and the flowers are creamy yellow. The fruit is a woody, broad, shallow conical to hemispherical capsule 6–15 mm (0.24–0.59 in) long and 16–35 mm (0.63–1.38 in) wide including the ribs, and the valves protrude above the rim of the fruit.

## Taxonomy

*Eucalyptus pachyphylla* was first formally described in 1859 by Ferdinand von Mueller in the *Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Botany*. The specific epithet (*pachyphylla*) is from ancient Greek meaning "thick-leaved". The name of his species is often misapplied to *Eucalyptus alatissima*.

## Distribution and habitat

Thick-leaved mallee is often found on sand dunes and sand plains as well as rocky slopes and grows in red sandy soils. In Western Australia it is found throughout much of the Pilbara and Goldfields-Esperance regions. It is also found in the Northern Territory, South Australia and Queensland.

## Use in horticulture

It is sold commercially and can be used as an ornamental plant, informal screen or windbreak and will attract birds. It is best grown in a position in full sun. It can tolerate drought and moderate frosts.

## InfoBox

| Thick-leaved mallee | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Eucalyptus* |
| Species: | ***E. pachyphylla*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eucalyptus pachyphylla***<br>F.Muell. | |
|