abstract: The 1985 Hamilton municipal election was held on November 12, 1985 to elect a Mayor, sixteen members to Hamilton, Ontario City Council, fourteen members to the Hamilton Board of Education and sixteen members to the Hamilton-Wentworth Roman Catholic Separate School Board. In addition, this election was accompanied by a referendum question asking voters if they wanted to directly elect individuals to the office of Regional Chairman.

text:
# 1985 Hamilton, Ontario, municipal election

The **1985 Hamilton municipal election** was held on November 12, 1985 to elect a Mayor, sixteen members to Hamilton, Ontario City Council, fourteen members to the Hamilton Board of Education and sixteen members to the Hamilton-Wentworth Roman Catholic Separate School Board. In addition, this election was accompanied by a referendum question asking voters if they wanted to directly elect individuals to the office of Regional Chairman.

## Campaign

The 1985 municipal election campaign came in the wake of the year's earlier provincial election that saw a Liberal minority government, supported by the Ontario NDP, come to power after the swift defeat of Frank Miller's Progressive Conservatives in a confidence motion in the weeks following the vote.

The change in government had impacted the city's local politics, as Premier Miller had vowed to extend GO Train commuter rail service to the city and supported the rapid transit GO-ALRT project. Following the election of the Liberals, both GO-ALRT and extended GO service to Hamilton were cancelled. Due to the fluctuating transit situation in the area, candidates ran on platforms that, in some way, addressed transit.

Prior to the 1985 vote, an advocacy group calling itself Concerned Citizens for Hamilton (CCH) formed to endorse candidates for office with a pro-business perspective. CCH solicited donations, eventually collecting approximated $25,000 to support candidates through third-party advertisements. The group's donations came under fire when the advertisements they printed in the *Hamilton Spectator* were investigated by the city as potentially contravening the Hamilton's election financing bylaw. Ultimately, CCH was cleared of any wrongdoing by the city. Though CCH solicited donations and campaigned on behalf of candidates, members denied they were a political party and lamented the fact they needed to organize. The organizers noted the 1985 vote was the most important in the city since the election of 1949 and one commented to the *Hamilton Spectator* that the organization was necessary to protect the city, adding "I hope we never have to do this again. This time was an exceptional circumstance."

## Referendum

Hamilton, Ontario Municipal Election
1985 Regional Chairman referendum
| Question | Yes | | No | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % | Votes | % |
| Are you in favour of direct-elections for the office of Hamilton-Wentworth Regional Chairman? | 77,991 | 85.7 | 13,013 | 14.3 |
| **Total votes** | **91,005** | | | |
| **Registered voters** | **229,741** | | | |
| **Sources:** Estok, David. "Voters want to elected regional leadership", *Hamilton Spectator*, Wednesday, November 13, 1985, A6. | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Mayoral election

The 1985 mayoral contest saw incumbent Mayor Bob Morrow, then 39, defend his three-year administration under the pressure of the lingering economic recession that had decimated the city's steel industry. By the election campaign, the city's unemployment rate had dropped to 5.8% and Morrow campaigned on his record of attracting new jobs to the region. Additionally, Morrow sought to expand GO Transit service to the city and bring more suburban services under the central administration of the municipality. Unlike during his first campaign, Morrow was endorsed by the *Hamilton Spectator*.

Morrow faced two challengers: former Board of Control member Jim Campbell and small business owner Marvin Sommer. Campbell, who retired from council in 1976, had sought political comebacks in 1980 and 1982, running for Ward 1 and Ward 7 councillor respectively. Campbell, then 64, was a millionaire who operated a concrete manufacturing plant on Hamilton mountain who campaigned on a small-business platform. Seeking a completion to the Red Hill Valley Expressway and a perimeter road to create a highway ring-road around Hamilton, Campbell proposed to tackle unemployment by creating a mayor's advisory panel consisting of local business and labour leaders. He additionally proposed reinstating the abolished Board of Control and reducing council's term of office to two years.

Sommer, a 49-year old James Street merchant at the time of the election, also ran on a pro-business platform, though promoted few specific policies. In an interview with a *Spectator* reporter, Sommer admitted he had not paid business taxes to the city in two years and his business was in danger of being shut down.

The campaign generated a moderate amount of interest among members of the electorate. At a CHCH-TV-sponsored call-in debate, only six local residents telephoned with questions for the candidates.

On election night, Morrow topped the polls, holding a lead of over 19,000 votes on Campbell.

Summary of the November 12, 1985 Hamilton, Ontario Mayoral Election
| Candidate | | Popular vote | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | **Robert Morrow** (incumbent) | **51,305** | **59.03%** | **+28.02** |
|  | Jim Campbell | 31,956 | 36.77% | *n/a* |
|  | Marvin Sommer | 3,650 | 4.20% | *n/a* |
| **Total votes** | | **86,911** | **37.83%** |  |
| **Registered voters** | | **229,741** | **100%** |  |
| Note 1: All Hamilton Municipal Elections are officially non-partisan.
Note 2: Candidate campaign colours are based on the prominent colour used in campaign items (signs, literature, etc.)
and are used as a visual differentiation between candidates. | | | | | |
| **Sources:** Estok, David. "'Nice guy' Bob Morrow jubilant", *The Hamilton Spectator*, November 13, 1985, News, A6. | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## City Council election

### Ward 1 (Chedoke-Cootes)

The race for Ward One alderman was the third time in as many years that electors would go to the polls to select a new member of city council. In early 1985, incumbent alderman Peter Peterson was elected to the Ontario legislature as a Progressive Conservative, triggering a by-election in which former alderman Paul Drage recaptured a seat on council. This came after his loss to Peterson and Mary Kiss in 1982, after capturing the seat vacated after his wife and the area's alderman, Kay Drage, died in 1979.

Drage and Kiss campaigned on their record of standing in opposition to the city's proposed GO-ALRT plan due to proposals that would have expropriated property along York Boulevard in the ward's north end. As sitting members of council, they instead rested their transit hopes on the promise of expanded GO Train service.

Drage, 61 at the time of the election, stood on a platform called for an expansion of the area's highways, including completing the Red Hill Valley Expressway and the mid-mountain expressway, as well as advocating for more supermarkets in the area. Kiss, who refused to give her age to the *Hamilton Spectator*, opposed GO Transit expansion and promoted investment in local industry.

Terry Cooke, a candidate in the by-election that occurred earlier in the year, promoted a rapid transit link to Toronto using existing heavy rail infrastructure and advocated reinstating the Board of Control. Joanne Gallacher, a 31-year-old business owner, promoted a rapid transit solution and improvements to the city's bayfront. David Gava, a 22-year-old student, called for dismantling regional government and improving rental accommodations. Two law-enforcement officials, 54-year-old Frank Preston and Victor Zwirewich, 61 at the time of the vote, both ran on conservative platforms, with Preston calling for an end to city council 'freeloading' and Zwirewich promoting a law-and-order platform.

The *Hamilton Spectator* endorsed Cooke and Zwirewich for the two aldermanic positions. Cooke was CCH's preferred candidate for election.

Summary of the November 12, 1985 Hamilton, Ontario Ward One Alderman Election
| Candidate | | Popular vote | | Elected? |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % ||
|  | **Terry Cooke** | **5,970** | **55.79%** |  |
|  | **Mary Kiss** (incumbent) | **4,384** | **40.97%** |  |
|  | Paul Drage (incumbent) | 3,410 | 31.87% |  |
|  | Vic Zwirewich | 2,822 | 26.37% |  |
|  | Joanne Gallacher | 1,053 | 9.84% |  |
|  | Frank Preston | 587 | 5.80% |  |
|  | David Gava | 481 | 4.76% |  |
| **Total votes** | | **10,701** |  | |
| **Registered voters** | | **28,533** | **37.50%** |  |
| Note 1: Each ward elected two aldermen and percentages are specific to each candidate, not for the overall total.
Note 2: All Hamilton Municipal Elections are officially non-partisan.
Note 3: Candidate campaign colours are based on the prominent colour used in campaign items (signs, literature, etc.)
and are used as a visual differentiation between candidates. | | | | | |
| **Sources:** Coutts, Jane. "Result in Ward 1 seen as strong call for change", *Hamilton Spectator*,
November 13, 1985, A7. | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Ward 2 (Downtown)

Summary of the November 12, 1985 Hamilton, Ontario Ward Two Alderman Election
| Candidate | | Popular vote | | Elected? |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % ||
|  | **Vince Agro** (incumbent) | **3,998** |  |  |
|  | **Bill McCulloch** (incumbent) | **3,407** |  |  |
|  | John Roy | 2,086 |  |  |
|  | William Laidlaw | 1,647 |  |  |
|  | Peter Rhodes | 1,363 |  |  |
|  | Catherine Macinnis | 1,363 |  |  |
|  | Joe Chiarelli | 589 |  |  |
|  | Jim Travale | 394 |  |  |
|  | John McCabe | 212 |  |  |
| **Total votes** | |  |  | |
| **Registered voters** | | **28,834** |  |  |
| Note 1: Each ward elected two aldermen and percentages are specific to each candidate, not for the overall total.
Note 2: All Hamilton Municipal Elections are officially non-partisan.
Note 3: Candidate campaign colours are based on the prominent colour used in campaign items (signs, literature, etc.)
and are used as a visual differentiation between candidates. | | | | | |
| **Sources:** MacNeil, Mark. "Agro, McCulloch buck the trend for change", *Hamilton Spectator*,
November 13, 1985, News, A7. | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Ward 3 (Hamilton Centre)

Summary of the November 12, 1985 Hamilton, Ontario Ward Three Alderman Election
| Candidate | | Popular vote | | Elected? |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % ||
|  | **Pat Valeriano** | **5,169** |  |  |
|  | **Brian Hinkley** (incumbent) | **4,318** |  |  |
|  | Mike Davidson | 4,084 |  |  |
|  | Don Drury | 2,603 |  |  |
|  | Peter Boldrini | 1,890 |  |  |
|  | Bill Dickens | 1,052 |  |  |
|  | Frank MacDonald | 547 |  |  |
|  | Caesar Tam | 317 |  |  |
| **Total votes** | |  |  | |
| **Registered voters** | | **30,317** |  |  |
| Note 1: Each ward elected two aldermen and percentages are specific to each candidate, not for the overall total.
Note 2: All Hamilton Municipal Elections are officially non-partisan.
Note 3: Candidate campaign colours are based on the prominent colour used in campaign items (signs, literature, etc.)
and are used as a visual differentiation between candidates. | | | | | |
| **Sources:** Porter, Brian. "Valeriano stages comeback", *Hamilton Spectator*,
November 13, 1985, A7. | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Ward 4 (East Hamilton)

Summary of the November 12, 1985 Hamilton, Ontario Ward Four Alderman Election
| Candidate | | Popular vote | | Elected? |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % ||
|  | **Geraldine Copps** | **5,992** | **48.33%** |  |
|  | **David Christopherson** | **4,958** | **40%** |  |
|  | Don Gray (incumbent) | 3,069 | 24.75% |  |
|  | Vince Scott (incumbent) | 2,883 | 23.25% |  |
|  | John Ellis | 2,373 | 19.14% |  |
|  | Gaspare Bonomo | 878 | 7.08% |  |
|  | Larry Wheaton | 535 | 4.32% |  |
|  | Bob Fanjoy | 289 | 2.33% |  |
| **Total votes** | | **12,398** |  | |
| **Registered voters** | |  |  |  |
| Note 1: Each ward elected two aldermen and percentages are specific to each candidate, not for the overall total.
Note 2: All Hamilton Municipal Elections are officially non-partisan.
Note 3: Candidate campaign colours are based on the prominent colour used in campaign items (signs, literature, etc.)
and are used as a visual differentiation between candidates. | | | | | |
| **Sources:** Wilson, Paul. "That old Copps magic still works", *Hamilton Spectator*,
November 13, 1985, A7. | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Ward 5 (Red Hill)

Summary of the November 12, 1985 Hamilton, Ontario Ward Five Alderman Election
| Candidate | | Popular vote | | Elected? |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % ||
|  | **Shirley Collins** (incumbent) | **6,238** |  |  |
|  | **Reg Wheeler** | **3,608** |  |  |
|  | Fred Lombardo (incumbent) | 2,439 |  |  |
|  | Mark Campbell | 1,588 |  |  |
|  | Ralph Musitano | 1,421 |  |  |
|  | Tom Rusich | 1,377 |  |  |
|  | Ozzie Ferguson | 572 |  |  |
| **Total votes** | |  |  | |
| **Registered voters** | |  |  |  |
| Note 1: Each ward elected two aldermen and percentages are specific to each candidate, not for the overall total.
Note 2: All Hamilton Municipal Elections are officially non-partisan.
Note 3: Candidate campaign colours are based on the prominent colour used in campaign items (signs, literature, etc.)
and are used as a visual differentiation between candidates. | | | | | |
| **Sources:** Pettapiece, Mike. "Collins won the most votes of any alderman", *Hamilton Spectator*,
November 13, 1985, A7. | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Ward 6 (East Mountain)

Summary of the November 12, 1985 Hamilton, Ontario Ward Six Alderman Election
| Candidate | | Popular vote | | Elected? |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % ||
|  | **John Smith** | **5,718** |  |  |
|  | **Paul Cowell** (incumbent) | **5,320** |  |  |
|  | Tom Jackson | 4,384 |  |  |
|  | David Bach | 2,153 |  |  |
|  | Bob Fasching | 1,754 |  |  |
|  | Vince Formosi | 1,655 |  |  |
|  | Fred White | 437 |  |  |
|  | Gerald Marchildon | 289 |  |  |
| **Total votes** | |  |  | |
| **Registered voters** | | 27,735 |  |  |
| Note 1: Each ward elected two aldermen and percentages are specific to each candidate, not for the overall total.
Note 2: All Hamilton Municipal Elections are officially non-partisan.
Note 3: Candidate campaign colours are based on the prominent colour used in campaign items (signs, literature, etc.)
and are used as a visual differentiation between candidates. | | | | | |
| **Sources:** Howard, Rob. "John Smith back after 18-year absence", *Hamilton Spectator*, November 13, 1985, A7. | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Ward 7 (Central Mountain)

Summary of the November 12, 1985 Hamilton, Ontario Ward Seven Alderman Election
| Candidate | | Popular vote | | Elected? |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % ||
|  | **John Gallagher** | **5,574** |  |  |
|  | **Henry Merling** (incumbent) | **5,224** |  |  |
|  | Ken Edge | 4,755 |  |  |
|  | Bruce Charlton (incumbent) | 4,341 |  |  |
|  | Steven Cooper | 1,285 |  |  |
|  | Danny Stanidis | 459 |  |  |
|  | Fred Jongeling | 438 |  |  |
| **Total votes** | |  |  | |
| **Registered voters** | |  |  |  |
| Note 1: Each ward elected two aldermen and percentages are specific to each candidate, not for the overall total.
Note 2: All Hamilton Municipal Elections are officially non-partisan.
Note 3: Candidate campaign colours are based on the prominent colour used in campaign items (signs, literature, etc.)
and are used as a visual differentiation between candidates. | | | | | |
| **Sources:** Von Appen, Kevin. "Victorious barber will take polls on issues", *Hamilton Spectator*, November 13, 1985, A7. | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Ward 8 (West Mountain)

Summary of the November 12, 1985 Hamilton, Ontario Ward Eight Alderman Election
| Candidate | | Popular vote | | Elected? |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % ||
|  | **Tom Murray**(incumbent) | **4,883** | **41.12%** |  |
|  | **Don Ross** | **4,419** | **37.21%** |  |
|  | Jim Bethune (incumbent) | 4,291 | 36.14% |  |
|  | Vince Curtis | 2,696 | 22.7% |  |
|  | Bruce Aikman | 2,536 | 21.36% |  |
|  | Lorna Kippen | 1,892 | 15.93% |  |
| **Total votes** | | **11,875** | **41.88%** |  |
| **Registered voters** | | **28,354** |  |  |
| Note 1: Each ward elected two aldermen and percentages are specific to each candidate, not for the overall total.
Note 2: All Hamilton Municipal Elections are officially non-partisan.
Note 3: Candidate campaign colours are based on the prominent colour used in campaign items (signs, literature, etc.)
and are used as a visual differentiation between candidates. | | | | | |
| **Sources:** Dreschel, Andrew. "Newcomer Don Ross upsets veteran Jim Bethune", *Hamilton Spectator*, November 13, 1985, A7. | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

1985 Hamilton municipal election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **JC**   Candidate Bob Morrow Jim Campbell  Popular vote **51,305** 31,956  Percentage **59.03%** 36.77% | |
| ---  **Mayor before election**
Robert Morrow
Independent **Elected mayor**
Robert Morrow
Independent | |


abstract: The men's decathlon event at the 1994 World Junior Championships in Athletics was held in Lisbon, Portugal, at Estádio Universitário de Lisboa on 20 and 21 July. Senior implements were used.

text:
# 1994 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Men's decathlon

The **men's decathlon** event at the **1994 World Junior Championships in Athletics** was held in Lisbon, Portugal, at Estádio Universitário de Lisboa on 20 and 21 July. Senior implements (106.7 cm (3'6) hurdles, 7257g shot, 2 kg discus) were used.

## Medalists

| **Gold** | Benjamin Jensen
*Norway* |
| --- | --- |
| **Silver** | Klaus Isekenmeier
*Germany* |
| **Bronze** | Glenn Lindqvist
*Finland* |

## Results

### Final

20/21 July

The highest mark recorded in each event is highlighted in yellow

| Rank | Name | Nationality | 100m | LJ | SP | HJ | 400m | 110m H | DT | PV | JT | 1500m | Points | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Benjamin Jensen | Norway | 11.17
(w: 0.1 m/s) | 7.27 | 12.23 | 2.00 | 49.32 | 14.40
(w: 2.0 m/s) | 34.18 | 5.10 | 53.60 | 4:44.54 | **7676** |  |
|  | Klaus Isekenmeier | Germany | 11.53
(w: 0.1 m/s) | 7.16 | 13.75 | 1.94 | 50.93 | 15.02
(w: 2.0 m/s) | 37.94 | 4.20 | 51.92 | 4:35.92 | **7298** |  |
|  | Glenn Lindqvist | Finland | 11.54
(w: 0.2 m/s) | 6.78 | 12.30 | 1.85 | 50.64 | 15.32
(w: 0.7 m/s) | 40.62 | 4.60 | 56.82 | 4:31.60 | **7288** |  |
| 4 | Alf-Gerrit Christiansen | Germany | 11.38
(w: 0.9 m/s) | 7.02 | 12.44 | 2.06 | 51.76 | 15.05
(w: 2.0 m/s) | 33.84 | 4.50 | 48.92 | 4:38.79 | **7228** |  |
| 5 | Thomas Tebbich | Austria | 11.46
(w: 0.7 m/s) | 6.89 | 12.43 | 1.94 | 51.03 | 15.93
(w: 0.8 m/s) | 35.34 | 4.40 | 58.44 | 4:41.64 | **7125** |  |
| 6 | Gines Hidalgo | Spain | 11.14
(w: 0.9 m/s) | 7.09 | 11.78 | 1.88 | 50.68 | 15.82
(w: 0.7 m/s) | 38.28 | 4.30 | 50.24 | 4:39.79 | **7097** |  |
| 7 | Arnaud Humbey | France | 11.32
(w: 0.7 m/s) | 6.71 | 11.08 | 1.85 | 51.69 | 14.85
(w: 0.7 m/s) | 42.12 | 4.00 | 49.22 | 4:30.42 | **7008** |  |
| 8 | Tage Peterson | United States | 11.16
(w: 0.1 m/s) | 7.22 | 11.70 | 1.91 | 52.46 | 16.17
(w: 2.0 m/s) | 38.68 | 4.30 | 50.62 | 4:50.81 | **6973** |  |
| 9 | Maciej Mackowiak | Poland | 11.38
(w: 0.9 m/s) | 6.84 | 11.81 | 1.94 | 50.47 | 15.79
(w: 0.4 m/s) | 33.10 | 4.30 | 51.28 | 4:40.09 | **6964** |  |
| 10 | Sun Chaohui | China | 11.68
(w: 0.9 m/s) | 6.49 | 12.95 | 1.91 | 51.11 | 16.11
(w: 0.7 m/s) | 35.76 | 4.30 | 52.34 | 4:29.22 | **6935** |  |
| 11 | Matej Méhes | Slovakia | 11.52
(w: 0.9 m/s) | 6.92 | 12.98 | 2.03 | 52.52 | 15.45
(w: 0.7 m/s) | 36.50 | 3.90 | 56.86 | 5:24.28 | **6841** |  |
| 12 | Pontus Lundkvist | Sweden | 11.57
(w: 0.7 m/s) | 6.61 | 12.43 | 1.88 | 51.09 | 15.96
(w: 0.8 m/s) | 36.50 | 4.30 | 45.86 | 4:40.41 | **6794** |  |
| 13 | Marc Magrans | Spain | 11.42
(w: 0.2 m/s) | 6.36 | 11.29 | 1.88 | 49.94 | 15.68
(w: 0.8 m/s) | 30.96 | 4.20 | 46.78 | 4:27.88 | **6736** |  |
| 14 | Du Xiaopeng | China | 11.00
(w: 0.7 m/s) | 6.44 | 11.38 | 1.88 | 51.33 | 15.53
(w: 0.7 m/s) | 40.26 | 3.80 | 39.36 | 4:47.55 | **6650** |  |
| 15 | Hiroyuki Tagata | Japan | 10.99
(w: 0.2 m/s) | 6.63 | 9.12 | 1.82 | 51.07 | 15.44
(w: 0.4 m/s) | 28.26 | 4.80 | 38.60 | 4:45.55 | **6577** |  |
| 16 | Jin Sung-Ryon | South Korea | 11.44
(w: 0.2 m/s) | 7.36 | 9.35 | 1.94 | 52.68 | 16.04
(w: 0.4 m/s) | 25.52 | 4.60 | 39.08 | 4:49.65 | **6501** |  |
| 17 | Abdul Marzouk Al-Shahrani | Saudi Arabia | 11.52
(w: 0.2 m/s) | 6.54 | 10.48 | 1.85 | 50.79 | 16.07
(w: 0.4 m/s) | 32.32 | 4.00 | 44.80 | 4:48.91 | **6408** |  |
| 18 | Márcio de Souza | Brazil | 11.38
(w: 0.1 m/s) | 6.81 | 11.34 | 1.85 | 52.56 | 15.23
(w: 0.8 m/s) | 32.60 | 3.20 | 49.64 | 5:15.02 | **6286** |  |
| 19 | Rick Wassenaar | Netherlands | 11.52
(w: 0.2 m/s) | 7.02 | 13.30 | 1.85 | 51.04 | DQ | 40.52 | 4.20 | 51.58 | 4:57.76 | **6222** |  |
|  | Aleksandr Yurkov | Ukraine | 11.41
(w: 0.9 m/s) | 6.76 | 13.16 | 1.85 | 51.73 | 15.93
(w: 0.4 m/s) | 39.98 | DNF | 43.00 | DNS | **DNF** |  |
|  | Pródromos Korkízoglu | Greece | 10.68
(w: 0.1 m/s) | 7.10 | 13.18 | 1.97 | 50.71 | 14.91
(w: 2.0 m/s) | 38.60 | DNF | DNS | DNS | **DNF** |  |
|  | Stefan Hammer | Switzerland | 11.00
(w: 0.7 m/s) | 6.98 | 11.16 | 1.85 | 49.08 | 15.40
(w: 0.8 m/s) | 33.60 | DNS | DNS | DNS | **DNF** |  |
|  | Gennadiy Sitkevich | Belarus | 11.52
(w: 0.9 m/s) | 6.79 | 14.37 | 1.88 | 52.31 | 15.45
(w: 0.4 m/s) | 33.12 | DNF | DNS | DNS | **DNF** |  |
|  | Jiří Ryba | Czech Republic | 11.52
(w: 0.7 m/s) | 7.18 | 11.48 | 1.88 | 51.11 | 16.53
(w: 0.8 m/s) | NM | 4.20 | DNS | DNS | **DNF** |  |
|  | Georgi Petrov | Bulgaria | 11.34
(w: 0.2 m/s) | 7.00 | 10.91 | 1.88 | 53.23 | 15.52
(w: 0.4 m/s) | DNS | DNS | DNS | DNS | **DNF** |  |
|  | Ross Bomben | United States | 11.24
(w: 0.7 m/s) | 5.93 | DNS | DNS | DNS | DNS | DNS | DNS | DNS | DNS | **DNF** |  |
|  | Raúl Duany | Cuba | 12.51
(w: 0.1 m/s) | NM | DNS | DNS | DNS | DNS | DNS | DNS | DNS | DNS | **DNF** |  |
|  | Pierre-Alexandre Vial | France | DNF
(w: 0.1 m/s) | DNS | DNS | DNS | DNS | DNS | DNS | DNS | DNS | DNS | **DNF** |  |

## Participation

According to an unofficial count, 28 athletes from 23 countries participated in the event.


title: Edgar Munhall

abstract: Edgar Joseph Munhall was an American art historian and Curator Emeritus of the Frick Collection.

text:
# Edgar Munhall

**Edgar Joseph Munhall** (March 14, 1933 – October 17, 2016) was an American art historian and Curator Emeritus of the Frick Collection.

## Early life and education

Munhall was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He initially trained as an artist and at the age of seventeen won a scholarship to the Art Students League in New York City to study fashion drawing. After several months, however, he opted to pursue a career in art history and matriculated at Yale University, where he graduated Phi Beta Kappa with High Honors from the "History, the Arts, and Letters" program in 1955. He transferred to New York University's Institute of Fine Arts for his master's degree, which he earned in 1957 with the thesis "The Statues in Watteau's Paintings". He returned to Yale for his PhD, writing his dissertation, which was completed in 1959, on Jean-Baptiste Greuze and his critical reception.

## Career

Munhall's first appointment was as Assistant Curator of Prints and Drawings at the Yale University Art Gallery. In 1964, he became an assistant professor in the Department of Art History at the university. A year later, he joined The Frick Collection as its first curator, a position he held until 1999. From 1972-1973, he also served as Acting Director of the Collection. In addition to his curatorial work, he continued to teach. He was the Clark Visiting Professor at Williams College in 1974 and served as an adjunct professor at Columbia University from 1979-1981. Munhall was also the corresponding editor of *DU: Kulturelle Monatsschrift* from 1980-1984.

During the thirty-five years that Munhall served as Curator at The Frick Collection, the institution produced the first multi-volume catalog of its holdings and began mounting special exhibitions on a regular basis. Munhall also contributed to a series of major acquisitions, including paintings by Gentile da Fabriano, Hans Memling, and François-Hubert Drouais. He was also instrumental in the acquisition of a significant collection of clocks and watches bequeathed to the museum in 1999 by Winthrop Kellogg Edey.

## Exhibitions

Munhall organized or contributed to twenty-eight exhibitions mounted at The Frick Collection and other institutions, including: "Jean-Baptiste Greuze, 1725-1805" (1976-1977), the first exhibition to focus on that artist; "Severo Calzetta called Severo da Ravenna" (1978); "Jean-Antoine Houdon: Eight Portrait Busts" (1981); "Ingres and the Comtesse d'Haussonville" (1985-1986); "François-Marius Granet: Watercolors from the Musée Granet at Aix-en-Provence" (1988); "Nicolas Lancret" (1991); "The Butterfly and the Bat: Whistler and Montesquiou" (1995-1996); "Sir John Soane: Collector and Connoisseur" (1996); and "Victorian Fairy Painting" (1998). After his official retirement in 1999, Munhall curated "Greuze the Draftsman" (2002) for The Frick Collection, the first show devoted to the artist's drawings. Munhall is recognized internationally as an authority on the art of Jean-Baptiste Greuze.

Munhall's drawings and sketchbooks were the subject of an exhibition held at the Frick Art Reference Library in the summer of 2002.

## Selected honors

Munhall was awarded a Distinguished Achievement Award of the Graduate Alumni Association of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences at New York University in 1980. In 1989, he was named Chevalier, Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, by the French Minister of Culture for his significant contributions to the understanding and appreciation of French culture. He was named an Officier of the same order in 2001. He was also an Honorary Fellow of The Frick Collection and a Distinguished Scholar in Residence at the Frick Art Reference Library.

## Selected publications

* *Jean-Baptiste Greuze, 1725-1805*, 1976
* *Ingres and the Comtesse d'Haussonville*, 1985; reissued 1998 (received an American Museum Association Award of Merit and granted an Award of Honorable Mention in the Henry Allen Moe Prize for best exhibition catalogue published in New York State in that year)
* *Whistler and Montesquiou: The Butterfly and the Bat*, 1995 (awarded the Henry Allen Moe Prize for best exhibition catalogue published in New York State in that year)
* *The Frick Collection: A Tour*, 1999 (translated into French, German, Italian, Japanese and Spanish; awarded Honorable Mention in the American Museum Association competition for best museum publication of that year)
* *Greuze the Draftsman*, 2002

## Personal life

Munhall's partner of thirty-nine years was the film historian Richard Barsam.

## InfoBox

| Edgar Munhall | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Edgar Joseph Munhall
(1933-03-14)March 14, 1933
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |
| Died | October 17, 2016(2016-10-17) (aged 83)
New York City |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Yale University, New York University |
| Known for | Art historian, curator |
| Awards | Officier, Ordre des Arts et des Lettres |


title: Anderson Report

abstract: The Anderson Report is the colloquial name of the report of the Board of Inquiry into Scientology, an official inquiry into the Church of Scientology conducted for the State of Victoria, Australia. It was written by Kevin Victor Anderson QC and published in 1965. The report led to legislation attempting to ban Scientology in Victoria and similar legislation in several other States of Australia. No convictions were made under the legislation and Scientologists continued to practice their beliefs, although the headquarters was moved to South Australia. The legislation has been repealed in all States and subsequently Scientology was found to be a religion by the High Court of Australia.

text:
# Anderson Report

The **Anderson Report** is the colloquial name of the report of the Board of Inquiry into Scientology, an official inquiry into the Church of Scientology conducted for the State of Victoria, Australia. It was written by Kevin Victor Anderson QC and published in 1965. The report led to legislation attempting to ban Scientology in Victoria and similar legislation in several other States of Australia. No convictions were made under the legislation and Scientologists continued to practice their beliefs, although the headquarters was moved to South Australia. The legislation has been repealed in all States and subsequently Scientology was found to be a religion by the High Court of Australia.

## Background

In 1959, L. Ron Hubbard had set up the Church's headquarters at Saint Hill a few miles from East Grinstead in West Sussex, England. The Church of Scientology had spread from its origin in USA to a number of other English-speaking countries and soon attracted attention. Several official inquiries were made into Scientology in England, Australia, and elsewhere and a number of reports published by respective governments in the late sixties and early seventies. The Anderson Report was the first of these.

The Victorian Legislative Council appointed a Board of Inquiry on 27 November 1963 in response to a Private Member's Bill proposed by John Galbally to prohibit Scientology in the State. At this time the Church was represented in Melbourne by the Hubbard Association of Scientologists International (HASI), which had premises at 157-159 Spring Street.

## The Board of Inquiry

A Board of Inquiry does not have the same legal status as a trial. It is not necessarily presided over by a judge or a magistrate and does not sit in a courtroom; witnesses are not subpoenaed but appear by invitation. It is not bound by the rules of evidence. The Board of Inquiry into Scientology consisted of Mr Anderson sitting alone, assisted by Mr. Gordon Just who was instructed by the Victorian Crown Solicitor. After an initial sitting on 6 December 1963, the Board sat in the theatrette of the National Herbarium of Victoria from 17 February 1964 to 21 April 1965.

The HASI was represented by counsel J.R. O'Shea and I.G. Abraham, who called as witnesses HASI staff members and many individuals who had received Scientology training and counselling. HASI files and publications were also tendered in evidence. Counsel withdrew from the hearings on 12 November 1964 on their clients' instructions.

Two former Scientologists, Phillip Wearne and Douglas Moon, appeared as the main witnesses for the Committee for Mental Health and National Security (an *ad hoc* unincorporated organisation opposed to Scientology). They were represented by counsel Warren Fagan. Wearne, a publisher from South Yarra, told the inquiry that 'Scientologists planned to take over Australia, after establishing a "Scientology Government"' and that 'he first heard of the plan to take over Australia in 1960'. The method to be used 'was to infiltrate Government departments, political parties and other institutions, with scientologists getting jobs in these organisations', then 'after the move to "clear Australia" was completed, the aim was to take over the world'. Wearne said 'he was in a key position to carry out the scientology organisation's work as he had extensive connections in the Labour Party and Trade Union movements'. He also recalled 'a hallucination' that had 'developed after a "scientology processing"' in which he was eaten by a giant spider.

Psychiatrist Dr. Ian Holland Martin, honorary federal secretary of the Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, gave evidence that the E-Meter 'used for Scientology' was a 'psycho-galvano-meter' and was 'dangerous in unqualified hands'. He said that if the E-meter 'was suggested to possess mysterious powers' to someone who did not understand that it had 'been thoroughly discredited as a lie detector' then 'that person would be suggestible to ideas foisted on him by the operator'. As a result, 'This kind of influence would heighten latent paranoic trends in persons who showed no significant emotional disturbance'. He also testified that the then 'world director' of Scientology L. Ron Hubbard 'showed paranoid delusions in his claim to have visited Venus and been in the Van Allen radiation belt around the earth'.

Dr Eric Cunningham Dax, Chairman of the Mental Health Authority of Victoria, and one of his staff, Dr. M.B. Macmillan, coordinated the evidence given by expert witnesses in medicine and psychiatry. Dax also conferred with Wearne before the latter gave evidence at the Inquiry.

In his own evidence to the inquiry Dax stated 'The Mental Health Authority did not wish to attack people for their belief...whatever they were, so long as they did not try to influence other people for purposes injurious to mental health'. '"Scientology adherents' were 'sincere believers who were uncritical of the scheme's principles' and '"Scientology subjected them to a form of blackmail' and 'brain-washing methods'. Dax described Scientology as 'a calculated money-raising scheme by false propaganda' and that 'Since 1961 he had been increasingly concerned by information reaching the Mental Health Authority about people paying large sums of money for "Scientology" courses'.

## The Report

The Anderson Report concluded that "Scientology is a delusional belief system, based on fiction and fallacies and propagated by falsehood and deception" and that it "is not, and does not claim to be, a religion".He continues:

> Scientology is evil, its techniques evil, its practice a serious threat to the community, medically, morally and socially, and its adherents sadly deluded and often mentally ill."

Anderson acknowledged the emotional tone of his report, justifying it as follows:

> If there should be detected in this Report a note of unrelieved denunciation of scientology, it is because the evidence has shown its theories to be fantastic and impossible, its principles perverted and ill-founded, and its techniques debased and harmful. \[...\] While making an appeal to the public as a worthy system whereby ability, intelligence and personality may be improved, it employs techniques which further its real purpose of securing domination over and mental enslavement of its adherents. It involves the administration by persons without any training in medicine or psychology of quasi-psychological treatment, which is harmful medically, morally and socially.

Responses from government representatives across Australia to both to the findings of the report, and on the subject of scientology in general, were reported the following day. The Premier of Victoria Henry Bolte, who had set up the inquiry, described it as 'conclusive enough for action to be taken'. In New South Wales, the Minister for Health said that scientology 'had no proper background or scientific basis' and he would 'take such steps as are necessary to stop this organisation from taking root and gaining influence in the community'. In Western Australia, Dr. A. S. Ellis, Director of Mental Health Services, described scientology as 'a dangerous pseudo-science which catered for emotional cripples'. He added that scientologists were 'credulous, insecure and neurotic people who were looking for a prop' and scientology gave this to them 'at a price' but raised 'false hopes' and delayed 'proper psychiatric treatment'.

## Scientology pesponse

In October 1965, Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard was quoted as saying that the Board of Inquiry into Scientology was a 'kangaroo court' because 'They had their conclusions drawn long before they held the first hearing'. He suggested that the inquiry was 'illegal in its conduct under common law' and that anything similar in England would be 'laughed out of existence'. He put this down to Australia being 'young'. He added:

> In 1942, a senior naval officer in Northern Australia, by a fluke of fate, I helped save them from the Japanese. For the sake of scientology there I will go on helping them. They have a lot to learn. I feel sorry for them. They are afraid.

The 'Hubbard Communications Office' at Saint Hill Manor in England also issued a statement criticizing the inquiry process and threatening legal action. They claimed Hubbard 'was forbidden to appear at the hearing' and that testimony from him and 'our witnesses' were not heard. They argued 'The people investigating it are religiously biased' and that 'witnesses of the opposition' had been allowed to collude 'before the hearing'. They also stated 'We intend to sue any paper publishing the findings as an accessory to libel and slander'.

In 1967 the Church of Scientology published *Kangaroo Court*, a critique of the conduct of the Board of Inquiry, alleging collusion between witnesses and alleging bias by Anderson and Dax.

A suit was brought against Anderson and his assistant Gordon Just who produced the report, in 1971. The citations in the Victorian Reports are: Hubbard Association of Scientologists v Anderson \[1971\] VR 788; Hubbard Association of Scientologists v Anderson \[1972\] VR 340 (appeal from \[1971\] VR 740); Hubbard Association of Scientologists International v Anderson and Just (No 2) \[1972\] VR 577. The Victorian Parliament passed special legislation to give the two immunity from these writs.

Jane Kember, a senior Scientologist who was later convicted on several criminal charges in relation to Scientology's 'Operation Snow White' tried to get the report removed from a library. She wrote a memo about 'handling' Paulette Cooper (and her critical book about Scientology) in 1972. Part 12 of the memo asks:

> The library in D.C. has a copy of the Melbourne Inquiry Report. Paulette recommends this. Why is the copy still there? Please get it removed"

## Controversy

The Anderson Report is regarded by some as controversial, as evidenced in the Australian Government's Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission report regarding freedom of religion and belief. The Anderson Report was the basis of the *Psychological Practices Act, 1965*. However, this Act was amended in 1982 to remove all references to Scientology and was repealed in 1987.

Similar reports were conducted in:

* England – *The Foster Report* (*Enquiry into the Practice and Effects of Scientology*)
* New Zealand – *The Dumbleton-Powles Report* (*Report of the Commission of Inquiry into the Hubbard Scientology Organisation in New Zealand*)
* Canada – *The Lee Report* (*Sectarian Healers and Hypnotherapy*)

* State of Victoria (1965) Report of the Board of Inquiry into Scientology. 173 pp., plus 19 appendices. Government Printer: Melbourne.
* State of Victoria (1965) Transcript, Board of Inquiry into Scientology. 8920 pp. Government Printer: Melbourne.
* Church of Scientology of California (1967) Kangaroo Court: An investigation into the conduct of the Board of Inquiry into Scientology. 48 pp. Hubbard College of Scientology: East Grinstead, England.


title: 1893 Thames by-election

abstract: The Thames by-election of 1893 was a by-election held during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the electorate of Thames.

text:
# 1893 Thames by-election

The **Thames by-election of 1893** was a by-election held during the 11th New Zealand Parliament in the electorate of Thames.

## Background

The by-election was caused after the resignation of Liberal Party MP Alfred Cadman. The Liberals selected the incumbent Mayor of Thames, James McGowan as their candidate for Cadman's seat. After a large public gathering, it was decided not to run another candidate against McGowan in light of a general election being only months away, resulting in McGowan being elected unopposed.

## InfoBox

1893 Thames by-election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Candidate James McGowan   Party Liberal   Popular vote elected unopposed | |
| ---  **Member before election**
Alfred Cadman
Liberal **Elected Member**
James McGowan
Liberal | |


title: Emir Lokmić

abstract: Emir Lokmić is a Bosnian male alpine skier from who has competed for Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 2018 and 2022 Winter Olympics. As of 2024, he skis for SK Alpin from Sarajevo.

text:
# Emir Lokmić

**Emir Lokmić** (born December 23, 1997) is a Bosnian male alpine skier from who has competed for Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 2018 and 2022 Winter Olympics.

As of 2024, he skis for SK Alpin from Sarajevo.

## InfoBox

Emir Lokmić
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1997-12-23) 23 December 1997<br>Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Alpine skiing |


title: FC Uzda

abstract: FC Uzda is a Belarusian football club based in Uzda, Minsk Oblast.

text:
# FC Uzda

**FC Uzda** is a Belarusian football club based in Uzda, Minsk Oblast.

## History

The team was founded in the 2000s as amateur club **FC Uzda**. They were playing in Minsk Oblast league until 2013. In 2014, the club took the name **Belita-Viteks Uzda** (after their main sponsor) and joined the Belarusian Second League. In the middle of the 2015 season, the name was reverted to **FC Uzda**, and at the end of that season, the team was promoted to the Belarusian First League.

## Current squad

*As of September 2022*

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  GK  BLR Aleksandr Drozd  GK  BLR Kirill Krasheninnikov  DF  BLR Dmitriy Abrazhevich  DF  BLR Vadim Belko  DF  BLR Maksim Voroshilov  DF  BLR Artem Zhebit  DF  BLR Maksim Petko  DF  BLR Yevgeniy Protasevich  DF  BLR Aleksandr Tolsty  DF  BLR Oleg Trus  DF  BLR Andrey Tsvirko  DF  BLR Aleksandr Yanchevskiy  MF  BLR Aleksey Bokhan  MF  BLR Artem Burakov  MF  BLR Ilya Galitskiy  MF  BLR Sergey Gerasimovich  MF  BLR Konstantin Izmer | No. Pos. Nation Player  MF  BLR Andrey Kozich  MF  BLR Aleksay Kokhnenko  MF  BLR Andrey Martinchik  MF  BLR Ignat Makhnach  MF  BLR Ivan Nechay  MF  BLR Valeriy Nosko  MF  BLR Danila Stasevich  DF  BLR Matvey Fomichev  DF  BLR Aleksandr Shpak  FW  BLR Aleksandr Gerasimovich  FW  BLR Oleg Kashkan  FW  BLR Viktor Chechkovskiy  FW  BLR Igor Kuchuk  FW  BLR Vladislav Makhankevich  FW  BLR Sergey Nemkovich  FW  BLR Pavel Troyanovskiy  FW  BLR Nikolay Shavel |
| --- | --- |

## InfoBox

Uzda
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | FC Uzda |
| Founded | 2014 |
| Ground | City Stadium, Uzda |
| Capacity | 900 |
| Manager | Yegor Romanenko |
| League | Belarusian Second League |
| 2018 | 5th |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Executive Branch Reform Act of 1986

abstract: The Executive Branch Reform Act of 1986 is an Oklahoma state law that requires the Governor of Oklahoma to organize the various 500 or more departments, agencies, boards, commissions and other entities of the state's executive branch into a cabinet system. The act grouped state agencies into clusters with an informational link to a cabinet secretary. But the legislation stopped short of consolidating agencies or the decision-making authority of the agencies, boards and commissions. Similarly, the Secretary of Education has no authority over the State Department of Education, State Regents for Higher Education, CareerTech Department or State Chancellor for Higher Education. The Executive Branch Reform Act was signed into law by Governor George Nigh on June 6, 1986.

text:
# Executive Branch Reform Act of 1986

The **Executive Branch Reform Act of 1986** (74 O.S. Sections 10.1–10.4) is an Oklahoma state law that requires the Governor of Oklahoma to organize the various 500 or more departments, agencies, boards, commissions and other entities of the state's executive branch into a cabinet system. The act grouped state agencies into clusters with an informational link to a cabinet secretary. But the legislation stopped short of consolidating agencies or the decision-making authority of the agencies, boards and commissions.

Similarly, the Secretary of Education has no authority over the State Department of Education, State Regents for Higher Education, CareerTech Department or State Chancellor for Higher Education.

The Executive Branch Reform Act was signed into law by Governor George Nigh on June 6, 1986.

## Background

The executive branch of the government of Oklahoma continues to be divided into some 500 different departments, agencies, board and commissions, with each appointed commission member appointed by and (in theory) answering directly to the Governor of Oklahoma. For example, a 7-member board will become controlled by the new Governor after he appoints 4 members, which in most cases will occur in the 4th year of the Governor's term of office.

## Coordination Efforts with Office of Governor

To help better coordinate the actions of the executive branch, Governor David L. Boren began holding semi-official and semi-regular meetings with various heads of State agencies. Boren's successor, Governor George Nigh appointed the Nigh Commission to make recommendations to improve the efficiency of the State government. Following the Commission's report, Nigh pushed the Oklahoma Legislature to address these structural problems. The result was the Executive Branch Reform Act of 1986, which established a Cabinet system for the executive branch, and establish the Oklahoma State Cabinet with structured meetings with and reports to the Governor. However, the Cabinet members can influence but do not directly supervise or control the various 500 plus agencies, boards or commissions in the State Government of Oklahoma.

## Provisions of the Act

### Cabinet area

The Act called for the creation of a Cabinet with no more than fifteen "Cabinet Areas". Each of these Cabinet Areas are to consist the state agencies with similar administrative or program objectives. Though composed of state agencies, it is important to note that these Cabinet Areas are not agencies themselves and do not exercise the executive power of the State. They only exist to better serve the Governor in crafting policy and information gathering. For example, the Oklahoma Department of Transportation and the Oklahoma Turnpike Authority are organized in the **Transportation Cabinet Area**.

Originally, the Act only mandated the creation of one Cabinet Area: one concerned with veterans affairs. It has since been amended to mandate the creation of a new Cabinet Area concerned with information technology. Other than those two Cabinet Areas, the Governor is free to create such other Cabinet Areas, with such program objects, as he may deem necessary.

### Limited Power of Cabinet Secretaries

All Cabinet Areas are headed officers who hold the title of "Secretary". For instance, the head of the **Energy Cabinet Area** is titled the **Secretary of Energy**. All Cabinet Secretaries are appointed by the Governor, with the approval of the Oklahoma Senate, and serve at the pleasure of the Governor. Each Secretary advises the Governor on any policy changes or problems within their Cabinet Area, represents the Governor in administering their Cabinet Area, and coordinates information gathering on their Cabinet Area for the Governor or Legislature when so required. However, the Secretaries are not an officer of the State government and does not possess the executive power of the State. They have no authority to direct or control any agency within their Cabinet Area except his own direct staff neither do they have the authority to hire or fire personnel in their Cabinet Area except those on his own direct staff. The component agencies are directed and controlled by their respective department heads. The Secretaries may only direct a component agency when previously authorization by the Governor through executive order.

The Governor is free to appoint any person he desires as a Cabinet Secretary, including the head of an agency. Any agency head within a Cabinet Area is allowed to as a Cabinet Secretary. This is because Secretary positions are semi-formal and are not legally classified as "officers of the State". For example, Governor Brad Henry appointed Kevin Ward, the Commissioner of the Oklahoma Department of Public Safety, to serve as his **Secretary of Safety and Security**. This allows Secretary Ward general policy supervision over the **Safety and Security Cabinet Area** and direct executive control over the Department of Public Safety. The only exception to this rule is that an agency head in one Cabinet Area may not serve as a Cabinet Secretary for another Cabinet Area. For instance, the Commissioner of the Oklahoma Department of Agriculture (which is in the **Agriculture Cabinet Area**) may not serve as the **Secretary of Health**. Because of this distinction in offices, should the Governor dismiss a Cabinet Secretary that is also an agency head, their dismissal as a Secretary will not affect their position as an agency head.

An alternative to selecting an agency head as a Cabinet Secretary is when the Governor appoints a private citizen to the post. Examples include when Governor Henry appointed Dr. Joseph W. Alexander, a professor at Oklahoma State University-Stillwater, as his **Secretary of Science and Technology**.

### Formation

The Governor, within 45 days of taking office, must organize his Cabinet. Each Governor is allowed to organize the agencies however he feels best serves him. When he took office in 1995, Governor Frank Keating established a **Secretary of Commerce** and a **Secretary of Tourism**. This was changed in 2003 when Governor Brad Henry establish a single **Secretary of Commerce and Tourism**. Following the Oklahoma Supreme Court case of *Keating v. Edmondson* in 2001, it was deemed illegal for a Governor to change the Cabinet Areas and their component agencies past the 45-day deadline without the approval of the Legislature.

## InfoBox

| Executive Branch Reform Act of 1986 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Oklahoma State Legislature | |
| Full name | Executive Branch Reform Act of 1986 |
| Signed into law | June 6, 1986 |
| Governor | George Nigh |
| Website | 74 O.S. Section 10.1 |


abstract: The Executive Authority Act 1936 was an Act of the Oireachtas. The Act, which was signed into law on 12 December 1936, was one of two passed hurriedly in the aftermath of the Edward VIII abdication crisis to sharply reduce the role of the Crown. It is also sometimes referred to as the External Relations Act.

text:
# Executive Authority (External Relations) Act 1936

The **Executive Authority (External Relations) Act 1936** (No. 58 of 1936) was an Act of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament). The Act, which was signed into law on 12 December 1936, was one of two passed hurriedly in the aftermath of the Edward VIII abdication crisis to sharply reduce the role of the Crown. It is also sometimes referred to as the **External Relations Act**.

## Background and provisions of the Act

Under the Constitution of the Irish Free State as originally enacted, the executive authority of the Irish Free State was declared to be vested in the King and declared to be exercisable by the Governor-General as representative of the Crown. But the 1932 Irish general election was won by Fianna Fáil, led by Éamon de Valera and other republicans who had opposed the monarchial elements in the constitution, and part of their programme aimed to reduce the role and visibility of the monarch in Irish political life.

In the aftermath of King Edward VIII's signing of an Instrument of Abdication on 10 December 1936, the Oireachtas of the Irish Free State enacted the Constitution (Amendment No. 27) Act 1936 abolishing the office of the Governor-General so that thereafter the powers of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State, insofar as internal matters were concerned, ceased to be exercised in the name of the King. While the Crown was thus abolished for the purposes of internal government, article 51 of the amendment allowed the Executive Council to, for the purposes of foreign relations, make use of "any organ used as a constitutional organ for the like purposes by \[other nations of the Commonwealth\]."

The Executive Authority (External Relations) Act 1936 was enacted the following day to implement that provision. It provided that the diplomatic and consular representatives of the Irish Free State in other countries should be appointed, and that the Irish Free State's international agreements should be concluded, by the King acting on the advice of the Executive Council (as. 1–2). Thus the Act preserved the Crown to a limited extent in the sphere of external relations.

More particularly, the Act stipulated (s. 3(1)) that:

> so long as Saorstát Éireann \[i.e. the Irish Free State\] is associated with the following nations, that is to say, Australia, Canada, Great Britain, New Zealand and South Africa \[i.e. the dominions then within the Commonwealth\], and so long as the King recognised by those nations as the symbol of their co-operation continues to act on behalf of each of those nations (on the advice of the several Governments thereof) for the purposes of the appointment of diplomatic and consular representatives and the conclusion of international agreements, the King so recognised may, and is hereby authorised to, act on behalf of Saorstát Éireann for the like purposes as and when advised by the Executive Council so to do.

It was in that manner specifically provided that so long as the Irish Free State was associated with the members of the British Commonwealth and so long as the members of the Commonwealth continue to recognise the King as the symbol of their special relationship and the King acts on their behalf in the sphere of external affairs, the King shall continue to act in the external relations of the Irish Free State. The meaning of this provision was a matter of considerable uncertainty.

The Act also brought Edward VIII's Instrument of Abdication into effect for the purposes of Irish law (s. 3(2)). Due to the Act's phrasing, Edward VIII's abdication was actually back-dated to the day before that on which it took effect in the United Kingdom and most of the other Dominions.

## Executive Powers (Consequential Provisions) Act 1937

Unfortunately the speed with which the 1936 Act was passed also meant that some serious legal matters had been overlooked by the draughtsmen, touching on the top of the Irish legal hierarchy. In May 1937 these were covered by the Executive Powers (Consequential Provisions) Act 1937. As the Governor-Generalship had not been actually abolished by the 1936 Act, this Act was required to validate the otherwise-unlawful appointment of the Chief Justice of Ireland Timothy Sullivan. Sullivan had in turn questionably appointed three High Court judges. The recent appointment of Patrick Lynch as the Attorney General of Ireland and even the pension of the outgoing Governor-General needed to be legalised.

## Repeal

The Executive Authority (External Relations) Act 1936 was repealed by The Republic of Ireland Act 1948, which came into force on 18 April 1949. The new Act vested the powers possessed by the King in the President of Ireland.

### Citations

### Sources

Primary

Irish Statute Book

Secondary * Stewart, Robert B. (July 1938). "Treaty-Making Procedure in the British Dominions". *American Journal of International Law*. **32** (3). Cambridge University Press: 467–487. doi:10.2307/2191164. JSTOR 2191164. S2CID 147568713.


title: 1986 NCAA Division II football rankings

abstract: The 1986 NCAA Division II football rankings are from the NCAA Division II football committee. This is for the 1986 season.

text:
# 1986 NCAA Division II football rankings

The **1986 NCAA Division II football rankings** are from the NCAA Division II football committee. This is for the 1986 season.

## Legend

## NCAA Division II Football Committee poll

|  | Week 1
Sept 17 | Week 2
Sept 24 | Week 3
Oct 1 | Week 4
Oct 8 | Week 5
Oct 15 | Week 6
Oct 22 | Week 7
Oct 29 | Week 8
Nov 5 | Week 9
Nov 12 | Week 10
Nov 19 |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | North Dakota State (1–0) *(3)* | North Dakota State (2–0) *(4)* | North Dakota State (3–0) *(4)* | North Dakota State (4–0) *(4)* | North Dakota State (5–0) *(4)* | North Dakota State (6–0) | North Dakota State (7–0) *(4)* | North Dakota State (8–0) *(4)* | North Dakota State (9–0) *(4)* | North Dakota State (10–0) *(4)* | 1. |
| 2. | Texas A&I (2–0) *(1)* | Texas A&I (3–0) | Texas A&I (3–0) | Texas A&I (4–0) | Texas A&I (5–0) | Texas A&I (6–0) | Texas A&I (6–0) | UC Davis (7–0) | UC Davis (8–0) | UC Davis (9–0) | 2. |
| 3. | Towson State (2–0) | Towson State (2–0) | Towson State (3–0) | UC Davis (3–0) | UC Davis (4–0) | UC Davis (5–0) | UC Davis (7–0) | Central State (OH) (8–0) | Troy State (8–1) | Troy State (9–1) | 3. |
| 4. | UC Davis (0–0) | UC Davis (1–0) | UC Davis (2–0) | Towson State (4–0) | Towson State (5–0) | Towson State (6–0) | Central State (OH) (6–1) | Troy State (7–1) | Central State (OH) (8–0–1) | Central State (OH) (9–0–1) | 4. |
| 5. | Mississippi College (1–1) | Mississippi College (2–1) | Central State (OH) (3–0) т | Central State (OH) (4–0) | Central State (OH) (5–0) | Central State (OH) (6–0) | Troy State (6–1) | Texas A&I (7–1) т | Virginia Union (9–0) | Virginia Union (10–0) | 5. |
| 6. | Central State (OH) (1–0) | Central State (OH) (2–0) | Mississippi College (3–1) т | Mississippi College (4–1) | Mississippi College (5–1) | Troy State (5–1) | Towson State (8–0) | Virginia Union (9–0) т | Millersville (9–0) | South Dakota (9–2) | 6. |
| 7. | Grand Valley State (1–0) | Albany State (2–0) т | Albany State (3–0) | Albany State (4–0) | Albany State (5–0) | Minnesota–Duluth (6–0–1) | Virginia Union (6–1) т | West Chester (7–1) | Abilene Christian (7–1) | Towson State (8–2) | 7. |
| 8. | Albany State (1–0) | Grand Valley State (2–0) т | Grand Valley State (3–0) | Grand Valley State (5–0) | Grand Valley State (5–0) | West Chester (5–1) | West Chester (7–0) т | Millersville (8–0) т | South Dakota (8–2) | Texas A&I (8–2) | 8. |
| 9. | Bloomsburg (1–0) | Bloomsburg (2–0) | New Haven (3–0) | New Haven (4–0) | New Haven (5–0) | Virginia Union (7–0) | Millersville (6–1) | Cal State Northridge (7–1) т | IUP (8–1) | Cal State Northridge (8–2) | 9. |
| 10. | Santa Clara (1–0) | Norfolk State (3–0) | Troy State (2–1) | Minnesota–Duluth (5–0) | Troy State (4–1) | Millersville (6–0) | Cal State Northridge (7–1) | Abilene Christian (6–1) т | Ashland (9–1) | Abilene Christian (7–2) т | 10. |
| 11. | Clarion (1–0) | New Haven (2–0) т | Minnesota–Duluth (4–0) | Troy State (3–1) | Minnesota–Duluth (5–0–1) | Grand Valley State (6–1) | Ashland (5–1) | Ashland (8–1) т | Texas A&I (7–2) | West Chester (8–2) т | 11. |
| 12. | Norfolk State (2–0) | Troy State (1–0) т | Cal State Northridge (3–0) | West Chester (3–1) | West Chester (4–1) | Cal State Northridge (5–1) | Abilene Christian (6–1) | IUP (7–1) т | Albany State (8–1) | Ashland (9–1) | 12. |
| 13. | Troy State (1–1) | Minnesota–Duluth (3–0) | North Alabama (2–1) | Eastern New Mexico (5–0) | Millersville (5–0) | Ashland (6–1) | IUP (6–2) т | South Dakota (7–2) т | Towson State (7–2) | Valdosta State (8–2) | 13. |
| 14. | Ashland (2–0) | Northeast Missouri State (2–1) | Eastern New Mexico (4–0) | Millersville (4–0) | Ashland (5–1) | Abilene Christian (4–1) | South Dakota (6–1) т | Albany State (7–1) | West Chester (7–2) | IUP (8–2) | 14. |
| 15. | New Haven (1–0) т | Cal State Northridge (2–0) | West Chester (2–1) | Southern Utah State (5–1) | Abilene Christian (4–1) | IUP (5–1) т | Albany State (6–2) | Mississippi College (7–2) | Cal State Northridge (7–2) | Fort Valley State (7–2) | 15. |
| 16. | Minnesota–Duluth (2–0) т | North Alabama (2–1) | Millersville (3–0) | Valdosta State (3–1) | Cal State Northridge (4–1) | South Dakota (5–2) т | Mississippi College (6–2) | Towson State (6–2) | Valdosta State (7–2) | Millersville (9–1) | 16. |
| 17. | Abilene Christian (2–0) | Millersville (2–0) | Virginia Union (4–0) | Ashland (4–1) | Fort Valley State (4–1) | Delta State (4–1–1) | Minnesota–Duluth (6–0–2) | Valdosta State (6–2) | Eastern New Mexico (8–2) | Grand Valley State (9–2) | 17. |
| 18. | UCF (2–0) | South Dakota (2–1) т | Ashland (3–1) | Virginia Union (5–0) | Virginia Union (6–0) | Albany State (5–1) | Central Missouri State (7–2) | Central Missouri State (8–2) | Fort Valley State (7–2) | Albany State (8–2) т | 18. |
| 19. | Cal State Hayward (1–0) т | Virginia Union (3–0) т | Southern Utah State (4–1) | Cal State Northridge (3–1) | UCF (4–2) | Mississippi College (5–2) | Valdosta State (5–2) | Sacramento State (5–2–1) | Cal State Hayward (6–2) | Minnesota–Duluth (7–1–2) т | 19. |
| 20. | Valdosta State (1–0) т | Ferris State (2–1) | Valdosta State (2–1) | Abilene Christian (3–1) т | IUP (4–1) | Cal State Hayward (5–1) | New Haven (6–1) | New Haven (7–1) | Grand Valley State (8–2) | New Haven (8–2) т | 20. |
| 21. |  |  |  | Fort Valley State (3–1) т |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21. |
|  | Week 1
Sept 17 | Week 2
Sept 24 | Week 3
Oct 1 | Week 4
Oct 8 | Week 5
Oct 15 | Week 6
Oct 22 | Week 7
Oct 29 | Week 8
Nov 5 | Week 9
Nov 12 | Week 10
Nov 19 |  |
|  | | **Dropped:**
* 10 Santa Clara * 11 Clarion * 14 Ashland * 17 Abilene Christian * 18 UCF * 19 Cal State Hayward * 20 Valdosta State | **Dropped:**
* 9 Bloomsburg * 10 Norfolk State * 14 Northeast Missouri State * 18 South Dakota * 20 Ferris State | **Dropped:**
13 North Alabama | **Dropped:**
* 13 Eastern New Mexico * 15 Southern Utah State * 16 Valdosta State | **Dropped:**
* 9 New Haven * 17 Fort Valley State * 19 UCF | **Dropped:**
* 11 Grand Valley State * 17 Delta State * 20 Cal State Hayward | **Dropped:**
17 Minnesota–Duluth | **Dropped:**
* 15 Mississippi College * 18 Central Missouri State * 19 Sacramento State * 20 New Haven | **Dropped:**
* 17 Eastern New Mexico * 19 Cal State Hayward |  |

1. "NCAA Division II Poll". *The Daily Spectrum*. Saint George, Utah. September 17, 1986. p. 9. Retrieved May 29, 2017  via Newspapers.com.
2. "NCAA Div. II Football". *Hartford Courant*. Hartford, Connecticut. September 25, 1986. p. G7. Retrieved May 29, 2017  via Newspapers.com.
3. "NCAA Div. II Football". *Hartford Courant*. Hartford, Connecticut. October 1, 1986. p. D7. Retrieved May 29, 2017  via Newspapers.com.
4. "Division II Football". *Hartford Courant*. Hartford, Connecticut. October 10, 1986. p. E13. Retrieved May 29, 2017  via Newspapers.com.
5. "NCAA Division II poll". *Hartford Courant*. Hartford, Connecticut. October 15, 1986. p. B9. Retrieved May 29, 2017  via Newspapers.com.
6. "NCAA Division II poll". *Journal Gazette*. Mattoon, Illinois. October 23, 1986. p. B-2. Retrieved May 29, 2017  via Newspapers.com.
7. "NCAA Division II Top 20". *The San Bernardino County Sun*. San Bernardino, California. October 29, 1986. p. C7. Retrieved May 29, 2017  via Newspapers.com.
8. "NCAA Division II Poll". *The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)*. November 5, 1986. p. 8-E. Retrieved May 29, 2017  via Newspapers.com.
9. "NCAA Division II poll". *Lansing State Journal*. Lansing, Michigan. November 13, 1986. p. 2C. Retrieved May 29, 2017  via Newspapers.com.
10. "NCAA Division II poll". *The Orlando Sentinel*. Orlando, Florida. November 19, 1986. p. C-6. Retrieved May 29, 2017  via Newspapers.com.
11. "NCAA Division II Poll". *The Daily Spectrum*. Saint George, Utah. September 17, 1986. p. 9. Retrieved May 29, 2017  via Newspapers.com.
12. "NCAA Div. II Football". *Hartford Courant*. Hartford, Connecticut. September 25, 1986. p. G7. Retrieved May 29, 2017  via Newspapers.com.
13. "NCAA Div. II Football". *Hartford Courant*. Hartford, Connecticut. October 1, 1986. p. D7. Retrieved May 29, 2017  via Newspapers.com.
14. "Division II Football". *Hartford Courant*. Hartford, Connecticut. October 10, 1986. p. E13. Retrieved May 29, 2017  via Newspapers.com.
15. "NCAA Division II poll". *Hartford Courant*. Hartford, Connecticut. October 15, 1986. p. B9. Retrieved May 29, 2017  via Newspapers.com.
16. "NCAA Division II poll". *Journal Gazette*. Mattoon, Illinois. October 23, 1986. p. B-2. Retrieved May 29, 2017  via Newspapers.com.
17. "NCAA Division II Top 20". *The San Bernardino County Sun*. San Bernardino, California. October 29, 1986. p. C7. Retrieved May 29, 2017  via Newspapers.com.
18. "NCAA Division II Poll". *The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)*. November 5, 1986. p. 8-E. Retrieved May 29, 2017  via Newspapers.com.
19. "NCAA Division II poll". *Lansing State Journal*. Lansing, Michigan. November 13, 1986. p. 2C. Retrieved May 29, 2017  via Newspapers.com.
20. "NCAA Division II poll". *The Orlando Sentinel*. Orlando, Florida. November 19, 1986. p. C-6. Retrieved May 29, 2017  via Newspapers.com.


title: Badminton at the 2011 All-Africa Games

abstract: Badminton at the 2011 All-Africa Games in Maputo, Mozambique was held between September 6–12, 2011.

text:
# Badminton at the 2011 All-Africa Games

**Badminton** at the **2011 All-Africa Games** in Maputo, Mozambique was held between September 6–12, 2011.

## Venue

This competition was held at the Escola Josina Machel, in Maputo, Mozambique.

## Medal summary

The tables below gives an overview of the medal table and medal result at the 2011 All-Africa Games.

### Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | South Africa | 3 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
| 2 | Nigeria | 3 | 1 | 5 | 9 |
| 3 | Seychelles | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 4 | Uganda | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 5 | Mauritius | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 6 | Ghana | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (6 entries) | | 6 | 6 | 12 | 24 |

### Results

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's singles
 | Jacob Maliekal
South Africa | Edwin Ekiring
Uganda | Jinkan Ifraimu
Nigeria |
| | | | Ola Fagbemi
Nigeria |
| Women's singles
 | Susan Ideh
Nigeria | Gabriel Ofodile
Nigeria | Stacey Doubell
South Africa |
| | | | Maria Braimoh
Nigeria |
| Men's doubles
 | Nigeria
Jinkan Ifraimu
Ola Fagbemi | South Africa
Dorian James
Willem Viljoen | Ghana
Solomon Mensah Nyarko
Daniel Sam |
| | | | Seychelles
Georgie Cupidon
Steve Malcouzanne |
| Women's doubles
 | South Africa
Annari Viljoen
Stacey Doubell | Seychelles
Camille Allisen
Cynthia Course | Mauritius
Priscilla Pillay Vinayagam
Karen Foo Kune |
| | | | Nigeria
Titilayo Fatima Azeez
Grace Daniel |
| Mixed doubles
 | South Africa
Willem Viljoen
Annari Viljoen | Seychelles
Georgie Cupidon
Camille Allisen | South Africa
Enrico James
Stacey Doubell |
| | | | Nigeria
Ibrahim Adamu
Grace Daniel |
| Mixed team
 | Nigeria
Enejoh Abah
Ibrahim Adamu
Olorunfemi Elewa
Ola Fagbemi
Jinkan Ifraimu
Victor Makanju
Tosin Damilola Atolagbe
Titilayo Fatima Azeez
Maria Braimoh
Grace Daniel
Grace Gabriel
Susan Ideh | South Africa
Roelof Dednam
Dorian James
Enrico James
Jacob Maliekal
Willem Viljoen
Stacey Doubell
Michelle Butler-Emmett
Kerry-Lee Harrington
Annari Viljoen | Mauritius
Deeneshing Baboolall
Yoni Louison
Christopher Paul
Neeresh Ramtohul
Karen Foo Kune
Priscilla Vinayagum Pillay |
| | | | Seychelles
Georgie Cupidon
Kervin Ghislain
Steve Malcouzanne
Allisen Camille
Cynthia Course
Danielle Jupiter |

## InfoBox

| Badminton
at the 2011 All-Africa Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Venue | Escola Josina Machel |
| Dates | 6 – 12 September |
| Nations | 13 |
|


title: Exoprosopa dorcadion

abstract: Exoprosopa dorcadion is a species of bee flies in the family Bombyliidae.

text:
# Exoprosopa dorcadion

***Exoprosopa dorcadion*** is a species of bee flies in the family Bombyliidae.

## Similar species

On the wing of *Exoprosopa dorcadion*, the black mark on its leading edge near the wingtip ends before the outermost vein. The mark on *Exoprosopa caliptera* extends to outermost vein. The wing trailing edge of *Exoprosopa divisa*, *Exoprosopa doris*, and *Exoprosopa eremita* is clear.

## Further reading

* Ross H. Arnett (30 July 2000). *American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico*. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0212-1.

## InfoBox

| *Exoprosopa dorcadion* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Bombyliidae |
| Genus: | *Exoprosopa* |
| Species: | ***E. dorcadion*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Exoprosopa dorcadion***<br>Osten Sacken, 1877 | |
|