title: Angel Deradoorian

abstract: Angel Deradoorian, also known mononymously as Deradoorian, is a musician based in Los Angeles, California. She is best known for her work with Dirty Projectors as full-time member from 2007 to 2012. She left to pursue a solo career. In 2015 she released a solo studio album, The Expanding Flower Planet.

text:
# Angel Deradoorian

**Angel Deradoorian** (born July 18, 1986), also known mononymously as **Deradoorian**, is a musician based in Los Angeles, California. She is best known for her work with Dirty Projectors as full-time member from 2007 to 2012. She left to pursue a solo career. In 2015 she released a solo studio album, *The Expanding Flower Planet*.

## Life and career

Born and raised in Orangevale, California and of Armenian descent, Deradoorian first found an interest in music at the age of five, when she was taught violin and piano at the private school she attended. Both her parents are artists and she has an older sister Arlene, who also tours with her performing solo material. At the age of 16 she decided to leave school and pursue a career in music. She moved to Brooklyn, joined Drive-thru Records band An Angle and then shortly after in 2007 she joined Dirty Projectors and played an important role in the recording of the album *Bitte Orca*. In 2012, she moved to Los Angeles together with her then-boyfriend Avey Tare.

Deradoorian's debut EP, *Mind Raft*, was released under her surname in 2009 by Lovepump United Records. In 2009, she recorded a track with Vampire Weekend keyboardist Rostam Batmanglij and Ra Ra Riot vocalist Wes Miles on their Discovery album *LP*. The track is entitled "I Wanna Be Your Boyfriend". Animal Collective chose her to perform at the All Tomorrow's Parties festival that they curated in 2011. In 2011, she released a split 7-inch with Albert McCloud containing a song by McCloud entitled "Planetarium 2010" and her own song "Marichka". She was a member of Avey Tare's project, Slasher Flicks, along with ex-Ponytail drummer Jeremy Hyman, and released the album *Enter the Slasher House* in 2014.

In 2015, Deradoorian released her debut solo studio album, *The Expanding Flower Planet*, on Anticon. In 2017, she released an EP titled *Eternal Recurrence*, which mixes obscure and ambient landscapes. Her second full-length solo album, *Find the Sun*, was released on September 18, 2020, by record label Anti-.

In 2022, Deradoorian and Russian musician Kate NV formed the duo Decisive Pink, releasing the 2023 album *Ticket to Fame* on Fire Records.

## Discography

### Studio albums

### Compilation albums

* *Disembodied Improvisations Vol. 1* (2019)

### EPs

### Singles

* "Marichka" b/w "Planetarium 2010" (2011) (split with Albert McCloud)
* "Mountainside" (2017)

### Guest appearances

## InfoBox

| Angel Deradoorian | |
| --- | --- |
| Angel Deradoorian performing with Dirty Projectors in 2008 | |
| Background information | |
| Also known as | Deradoorian |
| Born | (1986-07-18) July 18, 1986 |
| Origin | Los Angeles, California |
| Genres |  |
| Occupations | * Singer-songwriter * multi-instrumentalist * producer |
| Instruments | * Bass * guitar * keyboards * flute * vocals |
| Years active | 2007–present |
| Labels |  |
| Member of | Black Sabbath Cover Band Rehearsal<br>Decisive Pink |
| Formerly of | Dirty Projectors |


title: Angel Desai

abstract: Angel Desai is an American actress.

text:
# Angel Desai

**Angel Desai** is an American actress.

## Early life and education

Desai was born in Philadelphia, but grew up in Binghamton, New York. Her parents are physicians; her father is Indian and her mother is Filipina. She cultivated an early interest in performance and was active in the musical and acting life of her schools. After graduating from high school in 1990, she attended and graduated from Oberlin College. In 1997, she earned her MFA at New York University in its Tisch School of the Arts Graduate Acting Program.

## Stage career

Desai has performed in many Off-Broadway productions, including *The Winter’s Tale* (2003), playing opposite David Strathairn, and *The Tempest* (2008), starring Mandy Patinkin.

Her Broadway debut was playing Marta in the Tony Award winning 2006 revival of Stephen Sondheim’s *Company*, in which her rendition of the show-stopping “Another Hundred People” met with critical praise.

Other stage performances include David Schulner's *An Infinite Ache* in New Haven, Connecticut and as part of *Shinsai: Theaters for Japan*, a benefit production performing "Four Black Dragons" and "Next" from *Pacific Overtures* by Stephen Sondheim and John Weidman.

## Screen career

The 2001 comedy feature film *Black Knight* starring Martin Lawrence was Desai’s cinema debut. She has since had supporting roles in such films as *Heights* and *The War Within*.

Desai's television credits include recurring roles in *The Education of Max Bickford*, *Law & Order*, *Law & Order: Special Victims Unit*, *Law & Order: Criminal Intent*, *Kings*, *Dollhouse*, *The Event*, *Jessica Jones*, and *Damages*.

## Additional interests and activities

Desai is a founding member of the Asian American Performers Action Coalition (AAPAC).

She is a musician, playing the violin and the piano. She is a jazz vocalist as well, performing as part of the Angel Desai/Oscar Perez Quartet.

She volunteers with the 52nd Street Project, a non-profit organization in Manhattan's Hell’s Kitchen neighborhood.

## InfoBox

| Angel Desai | |
| --- | --- |
| Desai in 2022 | |
| Born | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Education | Oberlin College (BA)<br>New York University (MFA) |


title: Eitan Gorlin

abstract: Eitan Gorlin is a filmmaker, author and actor. He is known for his portrayal of Martin Eisenstadt, a satirical depiction of a McCain campaign adviser. Even though Eisenstadt was said to be part of the "Harding Institute for Freedom and Democracy", named for one of the United States' less beloved presidents, he was quoted by several national news sources, who failed to document his existence. In 2009, he co-authored the satirical novel "I Am Martin Eisenstadt: One Man's Adventures with the Last Republicans".

text:
# Eitan Gorlin

**Eitan Gorlin** (born 1969 in Washington, D.C.) is a filmmaker, author and actor. He is known for his portrayal of Martin Eisenstadt, a satirical depiction of a McCain campaign adviser. Even though Eisenstadt was said to be part of the "Harding Institute for Freedom and Democracy", named for one of the United States' less beloved presidents, he was quoted by several national news sources, who failed to document his existence.

In 2009, he co-authored the satirical novel "I Am Martin Eisenstadt: One Man's (Wildly Inappropriate) Adventures with the Last Republicans".

## Filmography

* *The Jerusalem Syndrome* (1999)
* *Sometime in August* (1999) Producer
* *The Holy Land* (2001) writer/director
* "Sheldon" (2007) co-writer, co-director and lead role
* "The Last Republican" (2008) co-writer, co-director and lead role
* *Bayou Caviar* (2018) co-writer

## Honors and awards

## InfoBox

| Eitan Gorlin | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1969 (age 5455)<br>Washington, D.C., USA |
| Other names | Martin Eisenstadt |
| Education | University of Pennsylvania |
| Alma mater | New School |
| Occupation(s) | Filmmaker, author, actor |
| Known for | role as Martin Eisenstadt |
| Spouse | Dana Johnson (2016-2017; her death) |
| Children | 1 (Max Gorlin b. 2014) |


title: 1961 Yuba City B-52 crash

abstract: On 14 March 1961 an aircraft accident occurred near Yuba City, California. A United States Air Force B-52F-70-BW Stratofortress bomber, AF Serial No. 57-0166, c/n 464155, carrying two nuclear weapons departed from Mather Air Force Base near Sacramento. According to the official Air Force report, the aircraft experienced an uncontrolled decompression that required it to descend to 10,000 feet (3,000 m) in order to lower the cabin altitude. Increased fuel consumption caused by having to fly at lower altitude, combined with the inability to rendezvous with a tanker in time caused the aircraft to run out of fuel. The aircrew ejected safely, and the now uncrewed aircraft crashed 15 miles (24 km) west of Yuba City, tearing the nuclear weapons from the aircraft on impact. The weapons did not detonate, as their safety devices worked properly. A fireman was killed and several others injured in a road accident while en route to the accident scene.

text:
# 1961 Yuba City B-52 crash

On 14 March 1961 an aircraft accident occurred near Yuba City, California. A United States Air Force B-52F-70-BW Stratofortress bomber, AF Serial No. *57-0166*, c/n 464155, carrying two nuclear weapons departed from Mather Air Force Base near Sacramento. According to the official Air Force report, the aircraft experienced an uncontrolled decompression that required it to descend to 10,000 feet (3,000 m) in order to lower the cabin altitude. Increased fuel consumption caused by having to fly at lower altitude, combined with the inability to rendezvous with a tanker in time caused the aircraft to run out of fuel. The aircrew ejected safely, and the now uncrewed aircraft crashed 15 miles (24 km) west of Yuba City, tearing the nuclear weapons from the aircraft on impact. The weapons did not detonate, as their safety devices worked properly. A fireman was killed and several others injured in a road accident while en route to the accident scene.

## Timeline

Crash siteYuba Cityclass=notpageimage|Crash site in California

The following timeline is an abridged version of the description transcribed by Oskins and Maggelet from a declassified copy of the original Air Force accident report. Doe 11 was the aircraft call sign. Doe 13 was a second B-52 in formation for the first portion of the flight.

All times are hours and minutes after takeoff.

0:20 – the pilot first noticed excessive hot air coming from the pilots' vents. All attempts to control this hot air were unsuccessful.

6:00 – Mather Command Post contacted the aircraft on HF radio. The heat problem was discussed and wing guidance received. This consisted of several suggested corrective actions which were verified by the pilot as having been used earlier without success.

6:30 – Mather control room called the aircraft on HF radio and discussed the heat problem and the effects of the heat on the aircraft electronics and crew personnel. Wing guidance at this time was to continue the mission.

6:50 – Mather control room contacted the aircraft and Wing guidance was to "continue mission as long as you can; call us back after second refueling tonight and advise us of your status, if it gets intolerable, of course, bring it home."

11:15 – Mather control called Doe 11 to see if he would complete the mission. At that the response was, "We are going to try."

12:35 – Mather control was contacted by Doe 11 and told that Doe 13's refueling was completed and "we are about ready to take off." Control asked, "Your present status . . . has it improved?" The pilot answered "Negative . . . worse . . . number 3 engine setting at 70% . . . we had it once before and it cleared up but at this time it has not cleared as yet." Control advised, "Understand you will proceed on course and we will be looking for you tomorrow."

14:00 – the outside panel of the pilot's L-4 window shattered. The heat in the cockpit was unbearable at this time and had cracked the glass case for the ball on both pilot's and co-pilot's turn and slip indicators. It is estimated that the upper compartment heat level ranged from 125–160 °F (52–71 °C) or higher during this period. A decision was made to depressurize the aircraft and attempt to continue the mission. Altitude was 33,500 feet (10,200 m).

14:20 – after 20 minutes of unpressurized flight, the decision was made to descend to 12,000 feet (3,700 m) and continue the mission as far as possible at this altitude.

15:00 – Mather control contacted Doe 11 and asked "Which windshield is cracked and what is your present altitude?" Answer received, "The L-4 window shattered, heat unbearable at altitude, two sick crew members. We have descended to 12,000 feet \[3,700 m\] and plan to go 150 nmi \[280 km\] north of TP 3.19 and return direct to Mather." They were advised to "proceed as planned, recommend you stay low altitude, give us an estimate on your fuel as soon as you get in close enough to contact us."

16:50 – Mather control contacted Doe 11 via HF radio requesting ETA to Mather. The aircraft reported, "We just passed TP 3.19 at 1212Z, estimate 150 nautical miles \[280 km\] north of TP 3.19 at 1239Z, ETA to Mather 1755Z."

18:50 – Mather control contacted the aircraft through HF radio to check his progress.

19:45 – McClellan called for flight plan and altitude required from last position to Mather.

20:30 – aircraft contacted McClellan to ask Early Warning vessel "Hardware" to look out for them and would like a fix.

21:00 – the aircraft contacted Mather control stating, "We would like a tanker up here and get a little fuel. We now figure we will be over the field at 14,000 pounds \[6,400 kg\]. That is a little light. We would like to have a tanker." And, control answered Doe 11 "will be cleared for a straight in approach and will have tanker standby . . . we will not launch unless you go below 10,000 pounds \[4,500 kg\]."

Doe 11's ETA to Mather at this time was given as approximately 22:30 hours after takeoff.

For approximately the next hour, several heading deviations up to 30 degrees were made by the pilot of Doe 11 to circumnavigate the weather associated with a front in this area. Turbulence was moderate. It is estimated from study of weather and Doe 11 pilot and navigator interviews that 7 or 8 minutes were lost during this frontal penetration due to these heading deviations.

21:50 – Mather was contacted through HF radio and advised he had, "#1 main tank gauge stuck at 10,030 pounds \[4,550 kg\] . . . we are not sure just how much fuel we have in it now. We have No. 2 and one other 1/4 full warning light on and I think it would be a good idea to get that tanker airborne." Mather Control Room advised, "We have a tanker airborne. Pick him up at Red Bluff VOR and refuel back in this direction. You might keep in mind, if things get a little close up there, head into Beale AFB." Later in this same conversation, Mather control indicated, "We will get it off the ground here ASAP."

22:10 – Democrat contacted the aircraft on HF advising, "McClellan is requesting your present position." The aircraft advised, " . . . just coasted in and looking for our tanker." This was the last contact through Democrat HF radio.

22:10 – the tanker was launched.

22:23 – the bomber and the tanker initiated the head on rendezvous at 70 nautical miles (130 km). Normal mileage countdown was used and the bomber turned the tanker at 21 nmi (39 km). This left Doe 11 flying at 280 kn (520 km/h) IAS approximately 11 nmi (20 km) behind the tanker after the tanker rolled out on refueling track. The bomber asked the tanker to slow down. The tanker reduced speed to 200 kn (370 km/h) IAS, and then to 185 kn (343 km/h) IAS. The bomber maintained 280 kn (520 km/h) IAS to approximately 2 nmi (3.7 km) behind this tanker, and then lost power. The pilot had warned the crew earlier of the possibility of bailout and he now alerted them to prepare for bailout. He initiated a 30-degree bank to the west toward a clear area as all engines flamed out together at approximately 22:40 hours after takeoff.

The bailout sequence began at approximately 7,000 feet (2,100 m) with an outside temperature of approximately 42 °F (6 °C), and was normal except the gunner could not jettison his turret despite full strength pull on the inner emergency release handle. The gunner was called forward and bailed out the navigator hatch, using the spare chute in the forward compartment. The pilot continued to guide the aircraft toward a clear area. The crew continued to bail out in order of navigator, spare navigator, spare pilot, EW, gunner, co-pilot and radar navigator. The pilot bailed out at 4,000 feet (1,200 m). The aircraft was trimmed and calculated to be at approximately a 21:1 glide ratio at this time. The aircraft made one complete 360-degree left turn and crashed into a clear flat barley field area 15.75 miles (25.35 km) west of Yuba County Airport, California, at approximately 22:50 after takeoff. The aircraft struck the ground at a 15.3-degree left bank and an estimated attitude of 5 degrees nose down at an indicated airspeed of approximately 200 knots (370 km/h). Impact angle was approximately 45 degrees.

## Bombs

The B-52 carried two 3.8-megaton, sealed pit thermonuclear Mark 39 Mod 2 bombs arranged in tandem in its bomb bay. Both weapons were thrown from the aircraft on impact and "severely damaged."

The weapon from the rear bomb rack was found still mostly intact, with its nuclear components inside of its ballistic drop case. The arming "pull out" rods necessary to start its arming sequence had been extracted, and its internal timer had been activated. Its tritium reservoir had been broken off, but the gas reservoir was still full. Its high explosives were severely damaged ("crumbled").

The other weapon, in the forward bomb rack, separated from the aircraft upon impact. Its "pull out" rods were extracted and its timer had also begun. The warhead had "tumbled several times", and the boosted-fission "primary" stage, and most of the fission-fusion "secondary" stage, were thrown out of the ballistic case. The primary was destroyed, with its high explosives shattered and scattered, and its enriched uranium pit separated from the assembly. Its detonators were found scattered over a large area, and its tritium reservoir had separated but had remained full. Neither weapon suffered a high-explosive detonation, and there was no nuclear contamination. The Arm/Safe switches in both weapons were discovered in the "Safe" position.

As part of Explosive Ordnance Disposal procedure, personnel from Beale Air Force Base and McClellan Air Force Base removed the two tritium reservoirs and the separated pit on March 14. The next day, EOD personnel collected the scattered high explosives, as well as the high-explosive sphere from the intact weapon, and burned them. The weapon parts were returned to the Atomic Energy Commission.

The weapons in the Yuba City crash were the same type of bombs as had been involved in the 1961 Goldsboro B-52 crash a few weeks earlier, except they had been subjected to a safety modification that the Goldsboro weapons had not. The safety modification, designated Alt 197, replaced the older MC-722 Arm/Safe switch with the newer MC-1288 Arm/Safe switch, with the main difference being that the latter would not allow the charging of the low-voltage thermal batteries inside of the weapon if the switch was in the "Safe" position, reducing the chance that a faulty switch or a short circuit could initiate the weapon's detonation system inadvertently.

However, despite the switches being in "Safe" position in the Yuba City accident, the low-voltage thermal batteries in one of the weapons still activated. According to the Defense Atomic Support Agency, "post-mortem analysis indicates a probable cause of the activation of the low voltage thermal batteries of the one weapon was a cable short which permitted the energy from the MC-845 Bisch Generator to bypass the MC-1288 Arm/Safe Switch. It is suspected that the MC-845 pulse resulted from the mechanical shock sustained upon impact and was passed to the MC-640 \[thermal batteries\] through one of the possible random short circuits." The high-voltage batteries of neither weapon were actuated, and in both cases it was later judged that "all design safety features of the bombs performed adequately".

## Book

In a 2012 book, lieutenant colonel Earl McGill, a retired Strategic Air Command B-52 pilot, claims that the aircrew, after an inflight refueling session that provided inadequate fuel, refused the offer of an additional, unscheduled inflight refueling, bypassed possible emergency landing fields, and ran out of fuel. McGill, based on his experience, blames the aircrew failures on the use of dexedrine to overcome tiredness on the 24-hour flight preceding the accident.

1. "Joint Nuclear Accident Coordinating Center: Record of Events" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. 14 March 1961. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 November 2008. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
2. Oskins, James C; Maggelet, Michael H (2008). "Chapter 23". *Broken Arrow: The Declassified History of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Accidents*. Lulu. ISBN 978-1-4357-0361-2.
3. Defense Atomic Support Agency (1 March 1966). "Accidents and Incidents Involving Nuclear Weapons (DASA Technical Letter 20-3)" (PDF). *PBS*. p. 40-41.
4. Sandia Laboratories (14 December 1978). "Summary of Nuclear Weapon/Material Accidents and Related Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Activities (RS 1210/24)" (PDF). Sandia National Laboratories (via Government Attic). (report begins on page 177 of the PDF)
5. Department of Defense/Department of Energy (1996). "Narrative Summary of Accidents Involving U.S. Nuclear Weapons, 1950-1996" (PDF). U.S. Department of Energy (via Government Attic). (report begins on page 359 of the PDF)
6. de Montmollin, J. M.; Hoagland, W. R. (February 1961). "Analysis of the Safety Aspects of the MK 39 MOD 2 Bombs Involved in B52G Crash Near Greensboro, North Carolina (SCDR 81-61)". Sandia Corporation (via the National Security Archive at George Washington University). p. 9.
7. McGill, LTC USAF (Ret), Earl J. (2012). "Chapter 13". *Jet Age Man: SAC B-47 and B-52 Operations in the Early Cold War*. Casemate Publishers. ISBN 9781907677465.

## InfoBox

Yuba City B-52 Crash
| A Boeing B-52 Stratofortress similar to the accident aircraft | |
| --- | --- |
| Accident | |
| Date | 14 March 1961 (1961-03-14) |
| Summary | Uncontrolled decompression; fuel exhaustion |
| Site | Sutter County, 15 mi (24 km) west of Yuba City, California <br>39°07′00″N 121°53′00″W / 39.1167°N 121.8833°W / 39.1167; -121.8833 (1961 Yuba City B-52 crash) |
| Aircraft | |
| Aircraft type | Boeing B-52F Stratofortress |
| Operator | Strategic Air Command, United States Air Force |
| Registration | 57-0166 |
| Flight origin | Mather Air Force Base |
| Crew | 8 |
| Fatalities | 0 |
| Survivors | 8 |


title: .eus

abstract: .eus is the top-level domain for the Basque language. The abbreviation eus comes from the Basque endonym euskara, meaning "Basque language". Before its creation,.eu domain was also used for this purpose, although unofficially.

text:
# .eus

**.eus** is the top-level domain for the Basque language. The abbreviation *eus* comes from the Basque endonym *euskara*, meaning "Basque language". Before its creation, *.eu* (European Union) domain was also used for this purpose, although unofficially.

## History

In 2008, dotCYMRU, dotEUS, dotSCOT, and dotBZH formed ECLID. In May 2012, the PuntuEus foundation applied to ICANN have a domain that represented the Basque language. On 10 June 2013, ICANN approved the creation of the domain. Use of the domain name was restricted until March–April 2014. However, ICANN facilitated an eus qualified launch program that allowed certain websites to claim a .eus domain before this General Registration date.

## Registration Policy

Like many domain name, .eus has requirements for websites registering under it. Websites under this domain must follow the Registration Policy set forth by the .eus TLD, the Registration Agreement provided by the sponsoring registrar, and any other policies mandated by ICANN.

Those who do register must have membership to the Basque linguistics and cultural community as well as have a website that is beneficial to the community. Domain names under .eus are distributed at a "first come first serve" basis, and are processed in chronological order of the receipt for the domain.

## InfoBox

.eus
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Introduced | 3 December 2014 |
| TLD type | Sponsored top-level domain |
| Status | Active |
| Registry | Domeinuak |
| Sponsor | PuntuEus Fundazioa |
| Intended use | Entities associated with the  Basque language |
| Registered domains | 13,735 (3 February 2023) |
| Registration restrictions | .eus Registration Policy |
| Documents | ICANN Document |
| DNSSEC | Yes |
| Registry website | puntu.eus |


abstract: Ang Ika-Labing Isang Utos: Mahalin Mo Asawa Mo is a 1994 Philippine drama film directed by Marilou Diaz-Abaya from a screenplay written by Jose "Butch" Dalisay. Starring Aiko Melendez, Gabby Concepcion, Zsa Zsa Padilla, Maricel Laxa, and Edu Manzano, the film revolves around a woman who became a victim of domestic violence committed by her husband. It is one of the films directed by Diaz-Abaya that depicts issues about the plight of women who became victims of abuse and violence. A co-production of Regal Films and Star Cinema, the film was theatrically released on 16 November 1994. It is the first film of Marilou Diaz-Abaya for ABS-CBN's film production division and her second film since her return to film directing in 1993.

text:
# Ang Ika-Labing Isang Utos: Mahalin Mo Asawa Mo

***Ang Ika-Labing Isang Utos: Mahalin Mo Asawa Mo*** (transl.The Eleventh Commandment: Love Thy Spouse) is a 1994 Philippine drama film directed by Marilou Diaz-Abaya from a screenplay written by Jose "Butch" Dalisay. Starring Aiko Melendez, Gabby Concepcion, Zsa Zsa Padilla, Maricel Laxa, and Edu Manzano, the film revolves around a woman who became a victim of domestic violence committed by her husband. It is one of the films directed by Diaz-Abaya that depicts issues about the plight of women who became victims of abuse and violence.

A co-production of Regal Films and Star Cinema, the film was theatrically released on 16 November 1994. It is the first film of Marilou Diaz-Abaya for ABS-CBN's film production division and her second film since her return to film directing in 1993.

## Plot

Married couple Soledad and Roy moved to a new house located near the slums and row houses. Soledad's beauty draws the attention of everyone and when people flock to see her taking a bath, Roy beats her, believing that she is doing prostitution. Soledad denies doing that. One night, when Roy returns home from an unsuccessful application as an entertainer in Japan, Roy beats her again. The raucous attracted the attention of their neighbors including Sylvia, who becomes concerned with the violent situation.

When Roy returns home, he notices Soledad wearing new clothes. When learning that she got it from Sylvia, Roy becomes angered and beats her again. That situation again attracted the attention of the neighbors and this time, Tony goes to the scene.

One night, Roy, who was drunk, went to Tony and Sylvia's house and asked them where his wife Soledad was. Tony, with a gun in his hand, goes outside, tells Roy that Soledad is not in their house, and threatens him not to come again. On the following night, Roy shows up and asks them for forgiveness.

While in a drinking session with his friends, Roy angrily beats him for an offensive joke about women. When he returns home drunk, Roy beats Soledad again after she tells him the idea of working for Tony and moving out to the other house. After she experienced countless beatings and then, injured Roy by ironing his hand, Soledad goes to Sylvia for help again. With her showing up, Tony decides to report a case of domestic violence to the police station.

Roy trespasses into Thelma's house to get Soledad back but Thelma violently confronts Roy until he accidentally kills her.

Roy chases the three until his motorcycle crashes and meets his demise. Soledad gives birth to a baby girl and named her Thelma, with the help of Susan and Sylvia.

## Cast

* Aiko Melendez as Soledad "Sol" Manarang, the battered wife
* Gabby Concepcion as Roy Manarang, an entertainer and a batterer
* Zsa Zsa Padilla as Susan, a social worker at the crisis center
* Maricel Laxa as Sylvia Tecson, a housewife who becomes concerned with Soledad being battered by Roy
* Edu Manzano as Tony Tecson, a lawyer
* Barbara Perez as Thelma Sandoval, head of the crisis center for battered women
* Sarah Jane Abad as Lorie Tecson, Tony and Sylvia's daughter
* Khristine Velasquez as Haydee
* Renato del Prado as Turing
* Tony Mabesa as Priest
* Chot Kabigting as Prosecutor
* Romy Romulo as Desk Sergeant
* Len Ag-Santos as TV host
* Chie Concepcion as Bastard Wife
* Ronnie Quizon, Butch Elizalde, and Alvin Soriano as Combo Members

## Production

Jose Y. Dalisay Jr. (pictured in 2007) wrote the screenplay.

Satisfied with the box office results of *Kung Ako'y Iiwan Mo* in 1993, Regal Films founder and executive producer, Lily Y. Monteverde, offered director Marilou Diaz-Abaya another film project about a failed marriage. While the previous film she directed is an observation of the shortcomings of a married upper-middle-class couple, she decides to direct a film that revolves around a battered and abused wife.

The film includes the involvement of Star Cinema, the film production division of ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation under the helm of its executive producer Charo Santos-Concio, and serves as a co-producer.

## Reception

### Accolades

Accolades received by *Ang Ika-Labing Isang Utos: Mahalin Mo, Asawa Mo*
| Year | Award | Category | Recipient(s) | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1995 | FAMAS Awards | Best Supporting Actress | Maricel Laxa | Nominated |
| | Best Child Actress | Sarah Jane Abad | Nominated |

## InfoBox

| Ang Ika-Labing Isang Utos: Mahalin Mo Asawa Mo | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Marilou Diaz-Abaya |
| Screenplay by | Jose "Butch" Dalisay |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Charlie Peralta |
| Edited by | George Jarlego |
| Music by | Nonong Buencamino |
| Production<br>companies |  |
| Distributed by | Star Cinema |
| Release date | * 16 November 1994 (1994-11-16) |
| Running time | 112 minutes |
| Country | Philippines |
| Language | Filipino |


title: 1959 Daytona 500

abstract: The 1959 First 500 Mile NASCAR International Sweepstakes at Daytona was the second race of the 1959 NASCAR Grand National Series season. It was held on February 22, 1959, in front of 41,921 spectators. It was the first race held at the 2.5-mile Daytona International Speedway.

text:
# 1959 Daytona 500

The **1959 First 500 Mile NASCAR International Sweepstakes at Daytona** (now known as the **1959 Inaugural Daytona 500**) was the second race of the 1959 NASCAR Grand National Series season. It was held on February 22, 1959, in front of 41,921 spectators. It was the first race held at the 2.5-mile (4.0 kilometer) Daytona International Speedway.

## Background

Daytona International Speedway is a race track in Daytona Beach, Florida that was one of the first superspeedways to hold NASCAR races. The standard track at Daytona is a four-turn superspeedway that is 2.5 miles (4.0 km) long. The track also features two other layouts that utilize portions of the primary high speed tri-oval, such as a 3.56-mile (5.73 km) sports car course and a 2.95-mile (4.75 km) motorcycle course. The track's 180-acre (73 ha) infield includes the 29-acre (12 ha) Lake Lloyd. The speedway is currently owned and operated by the International Speedway Corporation.

The track was built by NASCAR founder Bill France, Sr. to host racing that was being held at the former Daytona Beach Road Course and opened with the first Daytona 500 in 1959.

The Daytona 500 is regarded as the most important and prestigious race on the NASCAR calendar. It is also the series' first race of the year; this phenomenon is virtually unique in sports, which tend to have championships or other major events at the end of the season rather than the start. Since 1995, U.S. television ratings for the Daytona 500 have been the highest for any auto race of the year, surpassing the traditional leader, the Indianapolis 500 which in turn greatly surpasses the Daytona 500 in in-track attendance and international viewing. The 2006 Daytona 500 attracted the sixth largest average live global TV audience of any sporting event that year with 20 million viewers.

## Race report

### Qualifying

Cotton Owens had the fastest qualifying lap, at 143.198 miles per hour (230.455 km/h). The race had one qualifying race for Convertibles and one for the hardtop Grand National cars. Bob Welborn, winner of the 100-mile (160 km) Grand National qualifying race earlier in the week, started on the pole position. Shorty Rollins won the Convertible qualifying race and started second. Twenty of the 59 cars in the Daytona 500 were convertibles.

### Race

There were no caution periods in the race; making it one of the few "perfect games" in NASCAR history, though it would occur in three of the first four Daytona 500s, as the Daytona 500 also went caution-free in both 1961 and 1962. This would be repeated ten years later with the 1969 running of the Motor Trend 500. Welborn led the early laps in the race but his race ended after 75 laps (of 200) with engine problems. Other leaders in the first 22 laps of the race were "Tiger" Tom Pistone and Joe Weatherly. Fireball Roberts took over the lead on lap 23, leading the next 20 laps before dropping out on lap 57 due to a broken fuel pump. When Roberts went to the pits on lap 43, Johnny Beauchamp, running in second place, became the leader. On lap 50, Pistone took over first place and Jack Smith moved into second; Beauchamp was third and Lee Petty was fifth. From lap 43 to 148 the race leaders were Pistone, Smith, and Beauchamp. Although Smith and Pistone led most of these laps, Beauchamp led a few times, for example records show he led on lap 110. There is print information about the details of the race, including the leaders of the race in five-lap intervals. Pistone and Jack Smith both had dropped out of contention by lap 149 and Beauchamp took over first place. 100 miles (160 km). Richard Petty also had to retire from the race with an engine problem and earned $100 ($1,045.21 when adjusted for inflation) for his 57th-place performance.

Lee Petty battled with Beauchamp during the final 30 laps of the race, and they were the only two drivers to finish on the lead lap. Petty took the lead with 3 laps left and led at the start of the final lap. Petty and Beauchamp drove side by side across the finish line at the end final lap for a photo finish. Beauchamp was declared the unofficial winner by NASCAR officials, and he drove to victory lane. Petty protested the results, saying "I had Beauchamp by a good two feet. In my own mind, I know I won." Beauchamp replied "I had him by two feet. I glanced over to Lee Petty's car as I crossed the finish line and I could see his headlight slightly back of my car. It was so close I didn't know how they would call it, but I thought I won." Early leader Fireball Roberts, who was standing by the finish line, said: "There's no doubt about it, Petty won." It took NASCAR founder Bill France, Sr. three days to decide the winner the following Wednesday. In the end, with the help of photographs and newsreel footage, Petty was officially declared the winner.

The controversial finish helped the sport. The delayed results to determine the official winner kept NASCAR and the Daytona 500 on the front page of newspapers.

### Official results

The race lasted 3:41:22, with an average speed of 135.521 mph (218.10 km/h).

| Fin | St | # | Driver | Sponsor | Make | Laps | Led | Status |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 15 | 42 | Lee Petty | Newton Chappell Motors | 1959 Oldsmobile | 200 | 38 | running |
| 2 | 21 | 73 | Johnny Beauchamp |  | 1959 Ford Thunderbird | 200 | 30 | running |
| 3 | 17 | 18 | Charley Griffith | Red Bank | 1957 Pontiac | 199 | 0 | running |
| 4 | 11 | 6 | Cotton Owens | W.H. Watson Trucking | 1958 Pontiac | 199 | 0 | running |
| 5 | 7 | 48 | Joe Weatherly | Wilson's Pure Oil Service | 1959 Chevrolet | 199 | 6 | running |
| 6 | 39 | 7 | Jim Reed |  | 1959 Chevrolet | 196 | 0 | running |
| 7 | 41 | 47 | Jack Smith | Bud Moore's Garage, Georgia Chevy Dealers | 1959 Chevrolet | 196 | 57 | running |
| 8 | 5 | 59 | Tom Pistone | Rupert Safety Belt | 1959 Ford Thunderbird | 195 | 39 | running |
| 9 | 42 | 15 | Tim Flock | Russ Bramblet Ford | 1959 Ford Thunderbird | 193 | 0 | running |
| 10 | 31 | 1 | Speedy Thompson |  | 1957 Chevrolet | 193 | 0 | running |
| 11 | 59 | 8 | Johnny Allen |  | 1957 Chevrolet | 192 | 0 | running |
| 12 | 35 | 38 | Raul Cilloniz |  | 1959 Ford Thunderbird | 192 | 0 | running |
| 13 | 43 | 41 | Curtis Turner | Delta Auto Sales | 1959 Ford Thunderbird | 189 | 0 | running |
| 14 | 33 | 11 | Junior Johnson | Champion Garage | 1957 Ford | 189 | 0 | running |
| 15 | 25 | 29 | Dick Freeman | Ruebush Brothers | 1959 Chevrolet | 188 | 0 | running |
| 16 | 16 | 77 | Joe Lee Johnson | Honest Charley | 1957 Chevrolet Convertible | 187 | 0 | running |
| 17 | 4 | 98 | Marvin Panch | McGee & Taylors | 1958 Ford Convertible | 185 | 0 | running |
| 18 | 10 | 25 | Gene White |  | 1957 Chevrolet Convertible | 185 | 0 | running |
| 19 | 57 | 9 | Roy Tyner |  | 1957 Chevrolet | 184 | 0 | running |
| 20 | 18 | 2 | Jimmy Thompson |  | 1957 Chevrolet | 182 | 0 | running |
| 21 | 49 | 19 | Herman Beam |  | 1957 Chevrolet | 182 | 0 | running |
| 22 | 14 | 92 | Wilbur Rakestraw |  | 1957 Ford Convertible | 181 | 0 | running |
| 23 | 53 | 16 | Jim McGuirk |  | 1959 Pontiac | 181 | 0 | running |
| 24 | 12 | 76 | Larry Frank | Carolina Plating | 1958 Ford Convertible | 178 | 0 | running |
| 25 | 48 | 10 | Elmo Langley | Cafe Burgundy | 1957 Ford | 175 | 0 | running |
| 26 | 19 | 4 | Rex White | Idlewild Homes | 1959 Chevrolet | 174 | 0 | engine |
| 27 | 30 | 55 | Ben Benz |  | 1957 Chevrolet Convertible | 169 | 0 | running |
| 28 | 27 | 71 | Dick Joslin |  | 1957 Dodge | 167 | 0 | piston |
| 29 | 24 | 14 | Ken Rush |  | 1957 Mercury Convertible | 163 | 0 | engine |
| 30 | 55 | 80 | Bob Rose | Florida Dump Trucks | 1957 Chevrolet | 162 | 0 | running |
| 31 | 50 | 69 | Harold Smith |  | 1959 Studebaker | 159 | 0 | running |
| 32 | 44 | 66 | Dick Foley |  | 1959 Chevrolet | 157 | 0 | running |
| 33 | 28 | 32 | Brownie King | City Motor | 1958 Chevrolet Convertible | 152 | 0 | engine |
| 34 | 8 | 21 | Glen Wood | Wood Brothers | 1958 Ford Convertible | 149 | 0 | clutch |
| 35 | 47 | 83 | Bob Pronger |  | 1958 Ford | 143 | 0 | running |
| 36 | 26 | 39 | Billy Carden |  | 1957 Mercury Convertible | 140 | 0 | running |
| 37 | 23 | 81 | Bernie Hentges |  | 1959 DeSoto | 138 | 0 | engine |
| 38 | 2 | 99 | Shorty Rollins | Shorty's | 1958 Ford Convertible | 115 | 0 | engine |
| 39 | 22 | 82 | Joe Eubanks |  | 1958 Ford Convertible | 95 | 0 | transmission |
| 40 | 13 | 88 | Tiny Lund | Shook's Transfer | 1959 Chevrolet | 92 | 0 | timing |
| 41 | 1 | 49 | Bob Welborn | Tuxedo Plumbing & Heating | 1959 Chevrolet | 75 | 9 | engine |
| 42 | 54 | 87 | Buck Baker |  | 1959 Chevrolet | 75 | 0 | timing |
| 43 | 37 | 53 | Ken Johnson |  | 1957 Ford | 67 | 0 | push rod |
| 44 | 58 | 74 | L.D. Austin |  | 1957 Chevrolet | 65 | 0 | generator |
| 45 | 46 | 3 | Fireball Roberts | Pontiac, America's No. 1 Car | 1959 Pontiac | 56 | 21 | fuel pump |
| 46 | 40 | 45 | Paul Bass | McGee Edsel | 1958 Ford Edsel Convertible | 52 | 0 | engine |
| 47 | 29 | 72A | Bobby Johns |  | 1957 Chevrolet | 46 | 0 | overheating |
| 48 | 9 | 37 | Eduardo Dibos | Peru | 1959 Ford Thunderbird | 44 | 0 | suspension |
| 49 | 36 | 50 | Gober Sosebee | Cherokee Garage | 1957 Chevrolet Convertible | 44 | 0 | transmission |
| 50 | 20 | 89 | Bob Said |  | 1958 Chevrolet Convertible | 42 | 0 | transmission |
| 51 | 51 | 95 | Bob Duell |  | 1959 Ford | 38 | 0 | distributor |
| 52 | 32 | 36 | Pete Kelly |  | 1957 Chevrolet Convertible | 34 | 0 | engine |
| 53 | 45 | 24 | Bob Potter |  | 1959 Chevrolet | 33 | 0 | timing |
| 54 | 52 | 86 | Carl Tyler |  | 1957 Ford | 29 | 0 | overheating |
| 55 | 34 | 33 | George Green | City Motors | 1957 Chevrolet Convertible | 21 | 0 | engine |
| 56 | 3 | 64 | Fritz Wilson | Museum of Speed | 1959 Ford Thunderbird | 15 | 0 | piston |
| 57 | 6 | 43 | Richard Petty | Air Lift | 1957 Oldsmobile Convertible | 8 | 0 | engine |
| 58 | 38 | 79 | Larry Odo |  | 1957 Ford Convertible | 3 | 0 | engine |
| 59 | 56 | 75 | Ken Marriott |  | 1958 Ford Convertible | 1 | 0 | engine |

## InfoBox

1959 Daytona 500
| Race details | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Race 2 of 44 in the 1959 NASCAR Grand National Series | | | |
| Lee Petty No. 42 and Johnny Beauchamp No. 73 battle on the last lap of the 1959 Daytona 500. | | | |
| Date | February 22, 1959 (1959-02-22) | | |
| Official name | First 500 Mile NASCAR International Sweepstakes at Daytona | | |
| Location | Daytona International Speedway
Daytona Beach, Florida, U.S. | | |
| Course | Permanent racing facility
2.5 mi (4.023 km) | | |
| Distance | 200 laps, 500 mi (800 km) | | |
| Weather | Chilly with temperatures reaching up to 68 °F (20 °C); wind speeds up to 15 miles per hour (24 km/h) | | |
| Average speed | 135.521 mph (218.100 km/h) | | |
| Attendance | 41,921 | | |
| Pole position | | | |
| Driver |  |  |
| Time | 140.121 mph (225.503 km/h) | | |
| Qualifying race winners | | | |
| Duel 1 Winner | Bob Welborn, Shorty Rollins and Jack Smith |  |
| Most laps led | | | |
| Driver | Jack Smith |  |
| Laps | 57 | | |
| Winner | | | |
| No. 42 | Lee Petty | Petty Enterprises |
| Television in the United States | | | |
| Network | Not televised | | |


abstract: 100th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, was a Scottish air defence unit of Britain's Territorial Army (TA) formed at Motherwell during the period of international tension leading up to the outbreak of World War II. It defended Glasgow during the early part of the war and then took part in the assault landings in Sicily and on mainland Italy. The regiment continued in the postwar TA until amalgamated in 1950.

text:
# 100th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery

**100th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery**, was a Scottish air defence unit of Britain's Territorial Army (TA) formed at Motherwell during the period of international tension leading up to the outbreak of World War II. It defended Glasgow during the early part of the war and then took part in the assault landings in Sicily (Operation Husky) and on mainland Italy (Operation Avalanche). The regiment continued in the postwar TA until amalgamated in 1950.

## Origin

The Territorial Army was rapidly expanded following the Munich Crisis, particularly the Anti-Aircraft (AA) branch of the Royal Artillery (RA). **100th Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RA** was among the new units raised in the Spring of 1939: Regimental Headquarters (RHQ) and two AA Batteries (304 and 305) were formed at Motherwell, near Glasgow on 1 April. The new regiment formed part of 42 AA Brigade defending Glasgow and the Clyde estuary in AA Command's 3rd AA Division.

## World War II

### Mobilisation and Phoney War

In June 1939, as the international situation worsened, a partial mobilisation of AA Command's TA units was begun in a process known as 'couverture', whereby each unit did a month's tour of duty in rotation to man selected AA gun and searchlight positions. On 24 August, ahead of the declaration of war, AA Command was fully mobilised at its war stations. There was little action for AA Command during the period of the Phoney War, which allowed it to continue building up its strength and equipment, for which 3rd AA Division was given a high priority.

On 1 June 1940, all RA units equipped with the older 3-inch or newer 3.7-inch and 4.5-inch guns were designated as Heavy AA (HAA) regiments to distinguish them from the new Light AA (LAA) regiments appearing in the order of battle. A new 321 HAA Bty formed on 1 June and was regimented with 100th HAA Rgt on 15 September. 347 HAA Battery formed in September and was regimented on 10 October, but on 22 October it transferred within 42 AA Bde to a new 111th HAA Rgt. In November the brigade transferred to a newly-formed 12th AA Division covering Western Scotland.

### Clydebank Blitz

Although there were some night raids on Scottish cities, the main action in the Battle of Britain and the early part of The Blitz was over Southern England and there were few occasions when the Scottish AA defences were in action in 1940. However, on the nights of 13/14 and 14/15 March 1941 the shipyard town of Clydebank suffered the worst destruction and loss of life in any air raid on Scotland (the Clydebank Blitz). There were further heavy raids on Glasgow and Clydeside on 7/8 April and on 5/6 and 6/7 May. These five raids made Glasgow the fourth-heaviest hit British city in terms of bomb tonnage. There were no further raids on Scotland, and the Blitz is considered to have ended on 16 May when the *Luftwaffe* withdrew bombers for the campaign against the USSR.

At the beginning of 1941 the regiment sent a cadre of experienced officers and men to 205th HAA Training Regiment at Arborfield to provide the basis for a new 406 HAA Bty; this was formed on 16 January and joined the regiment on 10 April. 100th HAA Regiment also provided the cadre for 475 HAA Bty formed by 210th HAA Training Rgt at Oswestry on 4 September, but this battery was disbanded before it had completed training. Later a cadre from the regiment formed 485 (Mixed) HAA Bty at 210th Training Rgt on 16 October, which joined 141st (Mixed) HAA Rgt ('Mixed' indicating that women from the Auxiliary Territorial Service were integrated into the unit). 100th HAA Regiment continued in 42 AA Bde in 12th AA Division until May 1942, when it transferred to 57th AA Bde within the division, then in June it moved to 51 AA Bde in 3rd (later 12th) AA Division.

### Middle East

As the flow of new AA units from the training centres continued, experienced units began to be prepared for overseas service. On 10 July 406 HAA Bty transferred to 119th HAA Rgt, leaving 100th HAA Rgt with the three-battery establishment for overseas service. By October the regiment was unbrigaded; it briefly joined 38 AA Bde in South East England in December and then left AA Command altogether.

At New Year 1943 the regiment was stationed at Williton in Somerset. On 14 January it moved to Gourock in Scotland where it embarked on HM Transport *J10* in a convoy that sailed on 24 January. The convoy went via Freetown, Cape Town and Bombay, where the men were granted shore leave before re-embarking on HM Transport *P428* on 22 March. They then proceeded via Basra and Aden to Port Tewfik in Egypt, where the regiment came under Middle East Forces. The regiment went into camps near Kassassin, where the batteries drew vehicles and carried out field artillery practice shoots.

On 15 May the regiment came under the command of 2 AA Bde, which was assigned to Eighth Army for the Allied invasions of Sicily (Operation Husky) and mainland Italy (Operation Avalanche). 100th HAA Regiment's batteries were allotted to composite Beach groups (or Beach Bricks as they were known in the Mediterranean Theatre) whose role was to secure, defend and control the landing beaches. Regimental HQ and 305 HAA Bty were assigned to No 35 Beach Brick, with 100th HAA Rgt's commanding officer (CO), Lt-Col G.V.N. Chadd, commanding all the AA elements of the brick; 304 HAA Battery was with No 34 Beach Brick; and 321 HAA Bty joined 231 Infantry Bde (for No 31 Beach Brick) on 6 June. While the rear parties and workshops remained at Kassassin, the brick elements of the regiment began intensive training with landing craft.

### Operation Husky

Two of 100th HAA Rgt's batteries (304 and 321) were involved in the initial landings on Sicily on 10 July 1943. Some of the assault convoys were discovered and attacked *en route*, with 321 HAA Bty losing guns and vehicles in a ship that was sunk. Opposition on the beaches to the assault troops was light, and the beach bricks began landing. The advance parties of AA gunners were equipped as infantry, prepared for a firefight, but most were quickly able to move to the selected gunsites. The Landing Craft Infantry (LCI), with No 34 Beach Group, carrying the advance party of 304 HAA Battery smashed its ramp, came under fire, and veered off course, finally landing the party 4 miles (6.4 km) from its intended beach north of Avola. The party had to work along the coast, close to the enemy, through two minefields, before reaching their allotted area, where the guns were being landed from Landing Craft Tanks (LCTs). 304 HAA Battery was soon moved from the beach to defend Pachino airfield after its capture. During the morning, the landing beaches and ships came under attack from the *Luftwaffe*, but the HAA batteries were restricted in targets they could engage: Allied fighters had priority above 6,000 feet (1,800 m). Early warning was also a problem, the HAA batteries discovering that their lightweight No 3 Mark III ('Baby Maggie') mobile gunlaying radar sets had proved too fragile for landing over an open beach. All they could do was establish barrages, which were wasteful of scarce ammunition. Also, radio and telephone communications could not be established, no overall AA HQ was landed, and coordination was poor: Allied airborne formations overflying the beachheads to their drop zones suffered badly from friendly fire. A great deal of reorganisation was required during the first two days of the operation.

As Eighth Army advanced up the east coast of the island during July, 73 AA Bde HQ landed at the port of Augusta on 19 July with the rear echelons of the batteries (Lt-Col Chadd arrived by air on 1 August to visit his batteries before returning to Tunis). Pachino and Augusta both came under concentrated air attack, including high level bombing, lower-level dive-bombing and ground Strafing by fighters. The HAA batteries now had their full complement of gun-laying radar and began to achieve success through aimed predicted fire and linear concentrated fire based on radar plots. By 7 August (D+28) 304 and 321 Btys had moved up to Catania under 73 AA Bde. By the end of the campaign in Sicily they were defending Milazzo, a jumping-off port for the invasion of mainland Italy.

### Operation Avalanche

Having missed the 'Husky' landings, 305 HAA Bty formed part of No 35 Beach Group for the 'Avalanche' landings at Salerno. Lt-Col Chadd commanded all the AA elements of the beach group, including his own 305 HAA Bty, 328 LAA Bty of 99th LAA Rgt and 807 Mobile Smoke Company of the Pioneer Corps. 100th HAA Regiment's REME detachment provided the Light Aid Detachment (LAD) for the brick, and its signal section provided communications for the AA Operations Room (AAOR) to be established ashore. While the rear parties and workshops remained at Kassassin, the brick elements went to Kabrit on 28 June to begin intensive training on landing craft. On 12 July the brick elements began a 2,300 miles (3,700 km) road move to Tunis, which was reached on 30 July (the rear elements of the regiment went by sea to Tripoli).

After a rehearsal at Bizerta the 'Avalanche' convoy sailed from Tripoli on 7 August with RHQ aboard Landing Ship, Tank (LST) 314, and the equipment aboard LCTs while some of the personnel travelled on LCIs. The 'Avalanche' convoys were located by the *Luftwaffe* and attacked from the air during their approach to the beaches. When they began landing on 9 September there was no surprise, and with good observation the German shore defences opened heavy fire on the landing craft, causing casualties and delays in unloading. All the AA beach groups landed successfully, although the landings had not been easy. No 35 Beach Group landed on 'Sugar Beach', which was 2,500 yards (2,300 m) long, but with only two 200 yards (180 m) stretches (Red and Green) suitable for disembarkation from LSTs. The infantry landed at 03.30, the first AA reconnaissance parties at 05.30, but at dawn it was obvious that Green Beach was still being contested. Nonetheless, LST 314 beached at 07.30, the first Bofors LAA gun came ashore and went straight into action on the beach under shellfire; the first 3.7-inch HAA guns of D Troop came in around midday and were ready for action by 20.25. USAAF Lightning long-range fighters kept off the early air attacks, but small numbers of Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighter-bombers made low-level attacks at noon and in the afternoon, one of which was destroyed by 328/99 LAA Bty. A night bombing raid at 22.30 was engaged with barrage fire by 305/100 HAA Bty. By 23.00, 35 Beach Group had 17 Bofors guns ashore, three of them deployed in anti-tank positions, and six 3.7s without radar. That night the rest of the 3.7s arrived and the area behind the beach was cleared for 3,000 yards (2,700 m).

For 10 days the beachhead battle raged within 3,000 yards (2,700 m) of the shore and it was impossible to implement the second stage of the planned AA deployment. Enemy fighter-bombers attacked in small numbers day and night, and those batteries already in position were heavily engaged in warding off multiple attacks delivered with little warning. The AAOR received inadequate reports from Royal Air Force and Royal Navy radar, and had to rely on the batteries' own GL radar plots. 12 AA Brigade's HQ radar instructor controlled AA concentrations covering the inland approaches, and a ring of concentrations over the bay was prepared against torpedo-dropping aircraft. Smokescreens laid by the pioneers eased the situation. Some of the HAA guns were pressed into action as medium artillery to assist the ground forces. After 10 days the Germans began to withdraw slowly to a position north of the Volturno river, and RHQ and 305 HAA Bty came under command of 12 AA Bde.

### Italian campaign

According to the RA regimental history, 'the regiments of 12th AA Brigade were, by now, raring to go on the long-planned move to Naples. Brigadier (Mortimer Wheeler), indeed, prepared a scheme to break out with a column of AA troops along the coast to Pompeii', but the bold plan was vetoed by Corps HQ. RHQ with 305 HAA and 328 LAA Btys and the AAOR remained at Salerno, where the rear party arrived by sea on 30 September. On 4 October they moved to Naples, and came under the command of 22 AA Bde while 12 AA Bde continued moving north. Naples was a difficult place to defend, because the rugged hinterland interfered with the GL radar and radio communications. One serious air raid was engaged on 5 November and the AA defences claimed some successes. 304 and 321 HAA Batteries arrived by road convoys between 7 and 9 November in time to engage an air raid on 9/10 November. On 10 December the regiment returned to the Salerno area, where it came under the shared command of 22 AA Bde and 66 AA Bde. Regimental HQ and 321 HAA Bty were at Salerno, 304 HAA Bty at Paestum and 305 HAA Bty at Montecorvino Airfield. In January 1944 the Salerno AA defences were strengthened to cover the build-up of shipping for the Allied landings at Anzio (Operation Shingle).

On 31 March 1944 the regiment moved from Salerno to the Foggia Airfield Complex under 62 AA Bde. 321 HAA Battery deployed at Spinazzola Airfield, later at Celone Airfield, 305 HAA Bty initially went to Barletta under operational command of 25 AA Bde, then to San Severo Airfield. 52 AA Bde arrived from North Africa on 20 April 1944 and took over defence of the Foggia complex. In June the batteries were switched around the Foggia airfields, with RHQ moving to Termoli.

By now, the Allied forces in Italy were suffering an acute manpower shortage, and AA gunners were being redeployed to other duties. Several HAA regiments were 'diluted' (as the process was officially described) by troops from the African Pioneer Corps (APC) who were replacing a proportion of the British personnel. 100th HAA Regiment was informed that it would be diluted by 1916 (Basuto) Company, APC, arriving at Naples about 10 June. By 26 June the whole regiment was non-operational so as to carry out this process. However, surplus AA units were being disbanded in increasing numbers and the decision to dilute was changed. Instead the whole regiment was ordered to disband, with all the officers and men reassigned, about one-third to be retrained as infantry.

100th HAA Regiment, with 304, 305 and 321 HAA Btys passed into suspended animation on 18 August 1944.

## Postwar

When the TA was reconstituted on 1 January 1947 the regiment was reformed at Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, as **500 (Mobile) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment**. It formed part of 68 AA Brigade (the former 42 AA Bde).

On 12 May 1950 the regiment was merged into 558 (Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders) (Mobile) HAA Rgt and RHQ of the merged regiment moved to Coatdyke.

## Footnotes

1. Frederick, pp. 756–9, 779.
2. Litchfield, p. 293.
3. *Monthly Army List*.
4. AA Command 3 September 1939 at Patriot Files.
5. Routledge, Table LX, p. 378.
6. Routledge, pp. 65–6, 371.
7. Routledge, pp. 372–4.
8. Litchfield, Introduction.
9. Farndale, Annex D.
10. Frederick, p. 781.
11. Routledge, Table LXV, p. 397.
12. Collier, Chapter X.
13. Collier, Chapter XVII.
14. Collier, Appendix XXX.
15. Collier, Appendix XXXI.
16. Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 12 May 1941, The National Archives (TNA), Kew, file WO 212/79.
17. Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 2 December 1941, TNA file WO 212/80.
18. Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 14 May 1942, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/81.
19. Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 1 October 1942, TNA file WO 212/82.
20. 100 HAA Rgt War Diary 1943, TNA file WO 169/9853.
21. Joslen, p. 484.
22. Joslen, p. 486.
23. Molony, *Mediterranean*, Vol V, pp. 139–41.
24. Routledge, p. 260.
25. Molony, Vol V, pp. 59–61, 141–42.
26. Routledge, pp. 258–62.
27. Routledge, Table XLII, p. 267.
28. Routledge, p. 263.
29. 'The History of HQ 12 AA Brigade 1939–1945', TNA file WO 204/7254.
30. Brig Mortimer Wheeler, '12 AA Brigade, Report on Operations 1 May 43 to 1 Nov 43: The Salerno Landings and the Advance to the Volturno', TNA file WO 204/7254.
31. Molony, Vol V, pp. 273–5.
32. Routledge, pp 270–3.
33. Molony, Vol V, pp. 289–90, 298.
34. Routledge, pp. 273–4.
35. Routledge, pp. 274–7.
36. 100 HAA Rgt War Diary 1944, TNA file WO 170/1156.
37. Routledge, p. 291.
38. Jackson, 'Empire', pp. 260–4.
39. Molony, *Mediterranean*, Vol VI, Pt I, pp. 447–9.
40. Jackson, 'Mediterranean', Vol VI, Pt II, pp. 371–2.
41. Routledge, Table XLIV, p. 293.
42. Frederick, p. 1018.
43. 474–519 Rgts RA at British Army 1945 on.
44. Litchfield, Appendix 5.
45. Routledge, Table LXXIV, p. 441.
46. Watson, *TA 1947*.
47. Frederick, p. 961.
48. 100–111 Rgts RA at British Army 1945 on.
49. Litchfield, p. 292.
* Basil Collier, *History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Defence of the United Kingdom*, London: HM Stationery Office, 1957.
* Gen Sir Martin Farndale, *History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The Years of Defeat: Europe and North Africa, 1939–1941*, Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1988/London: Brasseys, 1996, ISBN 1-85753-080-2.
* J.B.M. Frederick, *Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978*, Vol II, Wakefield, Microform Academic, 1984, ISBN 1-85117-009-X.
* Ashley Jackson, *The British Empire and the Second World War*, London: Hambledon Continuum, 2006, ISBN 1-85285-417-0.
* Gen Sir William Jackson, *History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Mediterranean and Middle East*, Vol VI: *Victory in the Mediterranean, Part I|: June to October 1944*, London: HM Stationery Office, 1987/Uckfield, Naval & Military Press, 2004, ISBN 1-845740-71-8.
* Joslen, H. F. (2003) \[1960\]. *Orders of Battle: Second World War, 1939–1945*. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval and Military Press. ISBN 978-1-84342-474-1.
* Norman E.H. Litchfield, *The Territorial Artillery 1908–1988 (Their Lineage, Uniforms and Badges)*, Nottingham: Sherwood Press, 1992, ISBN 0-9508205-2-0.
* Brig C.J.C. Molony,*History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Mediterranean and Middle East*, Vol V: *The Campaign in Sicily 1943 and the Campaign in Italy 3rd September 1943 to 31st March 1944*, London: HM Stationery Office, 1973/Uckfield, Naval & Military Press, 2004, ISBN 1-845740-69-6.
* Brig C.J.C. Molony, *History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Mediterranean and Middle East*, Vol VI: *Victory in the Mediterranean, Part I: 1st April to 4th June 1944*, London: HM Stationery Office, 1987/Uckfield, Naval & Military Press, 2004, ISBN 1-845740-70-X.
* Brig N.W. Routledge, *History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: Anti-Aircraft Artillery 1914–55*, London: Royal Artillery Institution/Brassey's, 1994, ISBN 1-85753-099-3

## External sources

## InfoBox

| 100th HAA Regiment, RA
500 HAA Regiment, RA | |
| --- | --- |
| Cap Badge of the Royal Artillery | |
| Active | 1 April 1939 – 12 May 1950 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Territorial Army |
| Role | Air defence |
| Size | Regiment |
| Part of | 42 AA Brigade
2 AA Brigade
12 AA Brigade
68 AA Brigade |
| Garrison/HQ | Motherwell
Hamilton |
| Engagements | Clydebank Blitz
Operation Husky
Operation Avalanche
Italian Campaign |


title: El Capitan (Mars)

abstract: El Capitan is a layered rock outcrop found within the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle (MC-19) region of the planet Mars, this geological outcrop was first discovered and observed by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity in February 2004. The rock outcrop was named for El Capitan, a topographical mountain lying within the state of Texas.

text:
# El Capitan (Mars)

**El Capitan** is a layered rock outcrop found within the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle (MC-19) region of the planet Mars, this geological outcrop was first discovered and observed by the Mars Exploration Rover *Opportunity* in February 2004. The rock outcrop was named for El Capitan, a topographical mountain lying within the state of Texas.

## InfoBox

El Capitan
| "El Capitan" rock outcrop at Meridiani Planum, Mars | |
| --- | --- |
| Feature type | Rock outcrop |
| Coordinates | 1°54′S 354°30′E / 1.9°S 354.5°E / -1.9; 354.5 |


title: El Capitan (disambiguation)

abstract: El Capitan is the name of a rock formation in Yosemite National Park, California. El Capitan may also refer to:

text:
# El Capitan (disambiguation)

**El Capitan** (accented Capitán, "The Captain" in Spanish) is the name of a rock formation in Yosemite National Park, California.

**El Capitan** may also refer to:

## Locations

## Buildings

### Schools

### Theatres

## Transportation

* SS *El Capitan*, a cargo ship of Southern Pacific Company's Atlantic Steamship Lines (Morgan Line), serving as USS *El Capitan* (ID-1407) briefly in World War I and finally lost in World War II after dispersal of Convoy PQ 17
* SS *El Capitan* (1923), a Design 1049 cargo ship, previously *Meridan* and later USS *Majaba* serving through World War II now a dive site in Subic Bay, Philippines
* *El Capitan* (ferry), a San Francisco Bay ferry from 1868 to 1925
* *El Capitan* (train), a named passenger train

## Films and TV

## Music

## Other uses

* "El Capitan" (supercomputer), located at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
* El Capitan Books, a publisher of independent comic books and graphic novels
* OS X El Capitan, the twelfth major release of the Mac OS X operating system from Apple Inc.
* Texas Derby, a.k.a. El Capitan series, an annual soccer competition between Texas teams Houston Dynamo and FC Dallas
* El Capitan, a meteorite


title: .tc

abstract: .tc is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Turks and Caicos Islands. Since T.C. also stands for Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, the domain is used by some Turkish sites as well. The.tc TLD was registered in January 1997.

text:
# .tc

**.tc** is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Turks and Caicos Islands. Since T.C. also stands for *Türkiye Cumhuriyeti* (Republic of Türkiye), the domain is used by some Turkish sites as well. The .tc TLD was registered in January 1997.

## Second-Level Domains

In addition to the direct .tc domains offered by the registry, there is also a small range of second-level domains that a client can register under:

* **.com.tc**
* **.net.tc**
* **.org.tc**
* **.pro.tc**

## InfoBox

.tc
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Introduced | 27 January 1997 |
| TLD type | Country code top-level domain |
| Status | Active |
| Registry | NIC TC |
| Sponsor | Melrex TC |
| Intended use | Entities connected with Turks and Caicos Islands |
| Actual use | Used by a number of sites, a few of which are in Turks and Caicos Islands. Marketed commercially for use in Turkish sites; can be registered and used for any purpose. |
| Registration restrictions | None |
| Structure | Registrations are available directly at second level |
| Dispute policies | Unknown |
| Registry website | www.nic.tc/index.php |


title: .sucks

abstract: .sucks is an internet domain registrar company that controls the rights to sell.sucks domains.

text:
# .sucks

**.sucks** is an internet domain registrar company that controls the rights to sell .sucks domains.

## .sucks domain names

.sucks domains are owned and controlled by the Vox Populi Registry. Vox Populi won the rights for .sucks gTLD in November 2014. Domains with .sucks names became available after the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers approved the generic top-level domain name (gTLD) in 2014 and assigned it to Vox Populi Registry Inc. in March 2015.

Its primary use is apparently for domain hacks.

The number of registrations and renewals of .sucks domains appears to be declining as of 2018.

## Controversy

.sucks domains have generated controversy regarding potential cybersquatting, as individuals can purchase a trademarked domain with bad faith intent to sell the domain at an inflated price.

Several celebrities and companies have purchased .sucks domains in order to protect their brands from potential exploitation, including Taylor Swift, Apple, Facebook, and Microsoft.

As a result of the company's pricing model, .sucks has been criticized for high costs associated with trademarked .sucks domains.

In 2015, ICANN sent a letter to the U.S. Federal Trade Commission to investigate Vox Populi Registry for potentially illegal and predatory actions. The FTC concluded that Vox Populi did not break any rules, but pointed out that ICANN has previously ignored several concerns from the FTC on the topic of new domain names.

## InfoBox

.sucks
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2015 |
| Industry | Domain Registrar |
| URL | www.get.sucks |


title: .sx

abstract: .sx is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) in the Domain Name System of the Internet for Sint Maarten. Sint Maarten became an autonomous country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands on October 10, 2010. On December 15, 2010, the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency allocated SX as the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code for Sint Maarten, as other possible combinations such as.sm,.ma, and.mt had already been allocated. The sx top-level domain is run on the CIRA Fury Registry Platform. Registrars of sx domains must be accredited by the registry. After an initial sunrise period to claim trademarked names, and registration periods for local priority, and landrush assignments the registry opened general availability registrations to the public on 15 November 2012. A local presence is not required of domain name registrants.

text:
# .sx

**.sx** is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) in the Domain Name System of the Internet for Sint Maarten.

Sint Maarten became an autonomous country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands on October 10, 2010. On December 15, 2010, the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency allocated SX as the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code for Sint Maarten, as other possible combinations such as .sm, .ma, and .mt had already been allocated.

The sx top-level domain is run on the CIRA Fury Registry Platform. Registrars of sx domains must be accredited by the registry.

After an initial sunrise period to claim trademarked names, and registration periods for local priority, and landrush assignments the registry opened general availability registrations to the public on 15 November 2012. A local presence is not required of domain name registrants.

## Registration phases

* Grandfather period to protect Sint Maarten holders of AN domain names ended May 2, 2012.
* Sunrise period to protect trademark holders was conducted from May 3 to July 4, 2012.
* Local Sint Maarten corporate and personal priority periods were from July 5 to September 4, 2012.
* Landrush period was from September 5 to October 4, 2012.
* General availability period during which anyone may register a SX domain name started November 15, 2012

## InfoBox

.sx
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Introduced | 20 December 2010 |
| TLD type | Country code top-level domain |
| Status | Active |
| Registry | SX Registry SA B.V. (operated by Canadian Internet Registration Authority) |
| Sponsor | SX Registry SA B.V. |
| Intended use | Entities connected with  Sint Maarten and for others |
| Actual use | Gets some use in Sint Maarten. |
| Registration restrictions | Local presence on the island is not required |
| Dispute policies | UDRP |
| Registry website | http://registry.sx/ |


title: (Ain't Nobody Loves You) Like I Do

abstract: "(Ain't Nobody Loves You) Like I Do" is a 1987 single by American singer La Toya Jackson. The song is taken from her fifth album, La Toya. It is one of only four songs by Jackson to have an accompanying music video. The song features a bridge sung by Mike Stock. The single was released in 1987 throughout Europe, excluding the United Kingdom. Despite being produced by the European trio Stock Aitken Waterman, who were big hit-producers at the time, the single failed to chart. The B-side of the single, "(Tell Me) She Means Nothing To You At All", was released as its own single in France. The 12" singles include a longer version of the song.

text:
# (Ain't Nobody Loves You) Like I Do

"**(Ain't Nobody Loves You) Like I Do**" is a 1987 single by American singer La Toya Jackson. The song is taken from her fifth album, *La Toya*. It is one of only four songs by Jackson to have an accompanying music video. The song features a bridge sung by Mike Stock. The single was released in 1987 throughout Europe, excluding the United Kingdom. Despite being produced by the European trio Stock Aitken Waterman, who were big hit-producers at the time, the single failed to chart. The B-side of the single, "(Tell Me) She Means Nothing To You At All", was released as its own single in France. The 12" singles include a longer version of the song.

## Background

However, the single did fairly well on the German DJ charts. It debuted at No. 17 and stayed on the charts for several months. She also performed the song on the German television show *Die Verflixte Sieben* (with Rudi Carrell). The music video for the single was given little airplay and was never released on video or DVD. It didn't surface on the internet until March 2007. *The Miami News* described the number as "so unlike anything Stock Aitken and Waterman have produced that it seems a mistake to see their names on the credits. 'Like I Do' is funky, gritty and doesn't repeat every other verse 25 times."

## Music video

A music video was filmed and released to promote the single. The clip is similar to Jackson's 1983 music video "Heart Don't Lie" in its colourful, cartoon-like cinematography and dance routines. The video can be found on YouTube and on various Jackson fan Web sites.

## Versions

* Album version  3:50
* 12" version  7:26

## InfoBox

| "(Ain't Nobody Loves You) Like I Do" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by La Toya Jackson | |
| from the album  *La Toya* | |
| Released | 1987 |
| Genre | Pop |
| Length | 3:50 (Album version)
7:26 (12" version) |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) | * La Toya Jackson * Stock Aitken & Waterman |
| Producer(s) | Stock Aitken Waterman |
| La Toya Jackson singles chronology | |
| "Oops, Oh No!"
(1987) "**(Ain't Nobody Loves You) Like I Do**"
(1987) "(Tell Me) She Means Nothing To You At All"
(1988) | |


title: 1981 Transkei parliamentary election

text:
# 1981 Transkei parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Transkei on 24 September 1981. The Transkei National Independence Party won 74 of the 75 elected seats.

## Results

| Party | | Seats | +/– |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Transkei National Independence Party | 74 | +5 |
|  | Democratic Progressive Party | 1 | New |
| Appointed members | | 75 | 0 |
| Total | | 150 | 0 |
|  | | | |
| Source: African Elections Database | | | |

## Aftermath

By-elections were held to fill the two vacant seats, both won by the Transkei National Independence Party.


title: Angarsk

abstract: Angarsk is a city and the administrative center of Angarsky District of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Kitoy River, 51 kilometers (32 mi) from Irkutsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 221,296 (2021 Census); 233,567 (2010 Census); 247,118 (2002 Census); 265,835 (1989 Soviet census).

text:
# Angarsk

**Angarsk** (Russian: Ангарск, IPA: \[ɐnˈgarsk\]) is a city and the administrative center of Angarsky District of Irkutsk Oblast, Russia, located on the Kitoy River, 51 kilometers (32 mi) from Irkutsk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 221,296(2021 Census); 233,567(2010 Census); 247,118(2002 Census); 265,835(1989 Soviet census).

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1959 | 134,390 |  |
| 1970 | 203,310 | +51.3% |
| 1979 | 238,802 | +17.5% |
| 1989 | 265,835 | +11.3% |
| 2002 | 247,118 | −7.0% |
| 2010 | 233,567 | −5.5% |
| 2021 | 221,296 | −5.3% |
| Source: Census data | | |

## History

Angarsk was founded in 1948 as an industrial community and was granted city status on May 30, 1951.

## Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Angarsk serves as the administrative center of Angarsky District, to which it is directly subordinated. As a municipal division, the city of Angarsk and thirteen rural localities of Angarsky District are incorporated as **Angarskoye Urban Okrug**.

## Local government

In December 1991, the first elections for the head of the administration of the city of Angarsk took place. Alexander Shevtsov was elected mayor.

On April 1, 1994, Vladimir Nepomnyashchy took over as mayor.

In April 1998, Viktor Novokshenov was elected to govern the city.

On April 7, 2002, the position of the head of the Angarsk municipal entity (AMO) was taken by Yevgeny Kanukhin. On October 9, 2005, he was elected to the position of the head of the administration of the city of Angarsk. Andrei Kozlov got the office of the mayor of AMO (municipal district).

As a result of the elections on December 2, 2007, Leonid Mikhaylov was elected to the position of the head of the administration of the Angarsk urban settlement.

In the summer of 2010, amendments were made to the AMO Charter, introducing the position of a city manager. The mayor of the municipal entity was no longer elected through direct popular vote but rather by a secret ballot among the AMO Duma deputies themselves. This decision caused significant public resonance.

In October 2010, elections were held for the AMO Duma. The AMO deputies elected Vladimir Zhukov, a member of the United Russia party, as the mayor of AMO. Anton Medko was approved as the city manager. Changes were made to the AMO Charter, reinstating direct mayoral elections.

On October 14, 2012, elections were held in Angarsk for the mayor and the deputies of the city Duma. Vladimir Zhukov was elected as the head of the city administration.

Starting from January 1, 2015, the urban settlement of Angarsk, Angarsk municipal entity, and other municipal entities in the region were transformed into the Angarsk urban municipal entity with the status of an urban district. The powers of the previously existing executive and representative authorities were terminated, and they continued to temporarily exercise their powers until the formation of the authorities of the urban district. On April 26, 2015, elections were held in Angarsk for the deputies and mayor of the Angarsk urban district. Sergey Petrov was elected as the head of the urban district. 25 deputies were elected in the first convocation of the Duma of the Angarsk urban municipal entity.

On September 13, 2020, elections were held in Angarsk for the mayor of the Angarsk urban district. Sergey Petrov was re-elected as the head of the urban district.

## Economy

Angarsk has the largest industrial zone in Asia. It includes Angarsk Petrochemical Complex and Angarsk Electrochemical Combine. Angarsk also hosts a showcase international nuclear fuel cycle center, which will be one of the first Russian enrichment centers to be placed under IAEA safeguards. Angarsk is also the site for a Nuclear Fuel Bank, following a decision by the IAEA in November 2009; working with Russia, IAEA established this bank to supply market priced fuel to member states as protection against possible supply disruptions.

In 2005, Angarsk won the first prize in a nationwide contest for the fastest development of public utilities.

### Transportation

The city is connected by the Trans-Siberian Railway. Trams, buses, and *marshrutkas* (routed taxis) are the main means of public transportation in the city.

## Culture and education

The city is home to the Angarsk Museum of Clocks and Watches, the Angarsk Museum of Victory, and the Angarsk State Technical Academy.

## Ecology

Angarsk is listed among the cities in Russia with the most unfavorable environmental conditions: as of 2010, it ranked third in Siberia and sixth in Russia. The primary factor contributing to the risk of illness and mortality in Angarsk is air pollution from emissions of several plants, formerly part of the "Angarsknefteorgsintez" association, as well as Power Plants 10, 9, and 1.

## People

## Twin towns and sister cities

Angarsk is twinned with:

### Notes

### Sources

* Законодательное Собрание Иркутской области. Постановление №9/5-ЗС от 15 апреля 2009 г. «Устав Иркутской области», в ред. Закона №2-У от 14 декабря 2017 г. «О поправках к Уставу Иркутской области». Вступил в силу по истечении десяти дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Областная", №45, 24 апреля 2009 г. (Legislative Assembly of Irkutsk Oblast. Resolution #9/5-ZS of April 15, 2009 *Charter of Irkutsk Oblast*, as amended by the Law #2-U of December 14, 2017 *On the Amendments to the Charter of Irkutsk Oblast*. Effective as of the day following a ten-day period after the day of the official publication.).
* Законодательное Собрание Иркутской области. Закон №49-ОЗ от 21 июня 2010 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Иркутской области», в ред. Закона №12-ОЗ от 23 марта 2017 г. «О внесении изменений в статьи 25 и 33 Закона Иркутской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Иркутской области" и Закон Иркутской области "О порядке рассмотрения Законодательным Собранием Иркутской области предложений о присвоении наименований географическим объектам и (или) о переименовании географических объектов"». Вступил в силу после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Областная", №71, 25 июня 2010 г. (Legislative Assembly of Irkutsk Oblast. Law #49-OZ of June 21, 2010 *On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Irkutsk Oblast*, as amended by the Law #12-OZ of March 23, 2017 *On Amending Articles 25 and 33 of the Law of Irkutsk Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Irkutsk Oblast" and the Law of Irkutsk Oblast "On the Procedures for Consideration of Assignments of Names to Geographical Objects and (or) Renaming of Geographical Objects"*. Effective as of after the day of the official publication.).
* Законодательное Собрание Иркутской области. Закон №149-ОЗ от 10 декабря 2014 г. «О преобразовании муниципальных образований Ангарского района Иркутской области». Вступил в силу с 1 января 2015 г., но не ранее чем через десять календарных дней после дня официального опубликования, за исключением абзаца первого части 2, абзаца первого части 3 статьи 4, которые вступают в силу через один месяц после вступления в силу настоящего Закона, в случае отсутствия инициативы граждан о проведении местного референдума по вопросу определения структуры органов местного самоуправления. Опубликован: "Областная", №141, 15 декабря 2014 г. (Legislative Assembly of Irkutsk Oblast. Law #149-OZ of December 10, 2014 *On the Transformation of the Municipal Formations in Angarsky District of Irkutsk Oblast*. Effective as of January 1, 2015, but not earlier than ten calendar days after the official publication date, with the exception of the first paragraph of Part 2, the first paragraph of Part 3 of Article 4, which take effect one month after this Law takes effect, unless there is a citizen initiative to hold a local referendum on the issue of the determination of the structure of the bodies of local self-government.).
* *Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Formations of Irkutsk Oblast* (in Russian)

## InfoBox

| Angarsk Ангарск | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| city center | |
|  | |
| Location of Angarsk | |
| AngarskLocation of AngarskAngarskAngarsk (Irkutsk Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 52°33′N 103°54′E / 52.550°N 103.900°E / 52.550; 103.900 | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Irkutsk Oblast |
| Administrative district | Angarsky District |
| Founded | 1948 |
| City status since | May 30, 1951 |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Sergey Petrov |
| Elevation | 425 m (1,394 ft) |
| Population (2010 Census) | |
| Total | 233,567 |
| Rank | 83rd in 2010 |
| Administrative status | |
| Capital of | Angarsky District |
| Municipal status | |
| Urban okrug | Angarskoye Urban Okrug |
| Capital of | Angarskoye Urban Okrug |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (MSK+5 ) |
| Postal code(s) | 665800, 665801, 665804–665806, 665808, 665809, 665813, 665814, 665816, 665819, 665821, 665824–665836, 665838, 665841 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 3955 |
| OKTMO ID | 25703000001 |
| Website | angarsk-adm.ru |


title: 1,2,4,5-Cyclohexanetetrol

abstract: 1,2,4,5-Cyclohexanetetrol (also named cyclohexane-1,2,4,5-tetrol, 1,2,4,5-tetrahydroxycyclohexane, or para-cyclohexanetetrol) is an organic compound whose molecule can be described as a cyclohexane with four hydroxyl (OH) groups substituted for hydrogen atoms on two non-adjacent pairs of adjacent carbon atoms. Its formula can be written C6H12O4, C6H8(OH)4, or [–(CH(OH)–)2–CH2–]2. There are 7 isomers with this same structural formula, which are among the 43 isomers of cyclohexanetetrol. They are all polyols, more specifically tetrols and cyclitols. Some of them have biologically important roles in some organisms.

text:
# 1,2,4,5-Cyclohexanetetrol

**1,2,4,5-Cyclohexanetetrol** (also named **cyclohexane-1,2,4,5-tetrol**, **1,2,4,5-tetrahydroxycyclohexane**, or ***para*-cyclohexanetetrol**) is an organic compound whose molecule can be described as a cyclohexane with four hydroxyl (OH) groups substituted for hydrogen atoms on two non-adjacent pairs of adjacent carbon atoms. Its formula can be written C
6H
12O
4, C
6H
8(OH)
4, or \[–(CH(OH)–)2CH
2–\]2.

There are 7 isomers with this same structural formula, which are among the 43 isomers of cyclohexanetetrol. They are all polyols, more specifically tetrols and cyclitols. Some of them have biologically important roles in some organisms.

## Isomers and nomenclature

There are 7 different isomers of this compound, that differ in the orientation of the four hydroxyls relative to the mean plane of the ring. They can be denoted by the letter "α" or "β" after each carbon index ("2α","2β","4β", etc.), to indicate the corresponding side of the plane relative to the 1-hydroxyl; or by listing all the "α" indices, then a slash "/", then the "β" indices (or "0" if the second list is empty).

The possible isomers are:

* **1α,2α,4α,5α-**, **1,2,4,5/0-**, or **all-*cis***, with all hydroxyls on the same side (achiral).
* **1α,2α,4α,5β-** or **1,2,4/5-**, and its enantiomer.
* **1α,2α,4β,5β-** or **1,2/4,5-** (achiral).
* **1α,2β,4β,5α-** or **1,4/2,5-** (achiral).
* **1α,2β,4α,5β-** or **1,2/4,5-**, and its enantiomer.

## Synthesis

Methods which have been employed for the preparation of 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetrols include: reduction or hydrogenation of (1) tri-hydroxycyclohexanones, (2) hydroxylated aromatics, or (3) hydroxylated quinones; the (4) hydrogenolysis of dibromocyclohexanetetrols; the (5) hydration of diepoxycyclohexanes; and the hydroxylation of (6) cyclohexadienes or (7) cyclohexenediols.

In 1998, Ahmet Maras and others reported the synthesis of racemic 1,4/2,5-cyclohexanetetrol (the chiral *trans*-*trans* *para* isomer) by hydroxyla-tion of 1,4-cyclohexadiene with stoichiometric amount of hydrogen peroxide (H
2O
2, 30% in 1-butanol), with selenium dioxide as catalyzer. The yield was 88%, with no trace of the 1,5/2,4 isomer. The racemic 1,4/2,5 isomer is soluble in ethanol, and yields colorless crystals with melting point 194–196 °C. The (+) enantiomer is betitol, a natural product first identified in sugar beets. The pure 1α,2α,4α,5α enantiomer crystallize as a monohydrate in the monoclinic C2 group (a = 10.675 , b = 7.3502 Å, c = 5.1968 Å, β = 103.877°)

1. CON and CBN IUPAC Commissions on Nomenclature (1968): "The Nomenclature of Cyclitols - Tentative Rules". *European Journal of Biochemistry*, volume 5, pages 1-12. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1968.tb00328.x
2. G. E. McCasland, Stanley Furuta, L. F. Johnson, and J. N. Shoolery (1963): *Synthesis of the Five Diastereomeric 1,2,4,5-Cyclohexanetetrols. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Configurational Proofs*. *Journal of Organic Chemistry*, volume 28, issue 4, pages 894-900. doi:10.1021/jo01039a002
3. Ahmet Maras, Mesut Erden, Hasan Seçen, and Yasar Sütbeyaz (1998): "One-pot synthesis from 1,4-cyclohexadiene of (±)-1,4/2,5-cyclohexanetetrol, a naturally occurring cyclitol derivative". *Carbohydrate Research*, volume 308, issues 3–4, April , Pages 435-437. doi:10.1016/S0008-6215(98)00073-1
4. E.O. von Lippmann (1901), *Chemische Berichte*, volume 34, pages 1159-1162.
5. J.D. Ramanathan, J.S. Craigie, J. McLachlan, D.G. Smith, and A.G. McInnes (1966): *Tetrahedron Letters*, volume 1966, pages 1527-1531.
6. J. S. Craigie, J. McLachlan, and R. D. Tocher (1968): *Canadian Journal of Botany*, volume 46, pages 605-611.
7. G. Mehta, S. Sen and S. Dey (2005). "(1S\*,2S\*,4S\*,5S\*)-Cyclohexane-1,2,4,5-tetrol monohydrate". *Acta Crystallographica*, volume C-61, pages o358-o360. doi:10.1107/S0108270105011066
8. T. Posternak et al. (1955): *Helvetica Chimica Acta*, volume 38, pages 208-.
9. R. Criegee and P. Becher (1957): *Chemische Berichte*, volume 90, pages 2516-.
10. Nihat Akbulut and Metin Balci (1988): "A new and stereospecific synthesis of cyclitols: (1,2,4/3)-, (1,2/3,4)-, and (1,3/2,4)-cyclohexanetetrols". *Journal of Organic Chemistry*, volume 53, issue 14, pages 3338-3342. doi:10.1021/jo00249a039
11. J. S. Craigie (1969): "Some Salinity-Induced Changes in Growth, Pigments, and Cyclohexanetetrol Content of *Monochrysis lutheri*". *Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada*, volume 26, issue 11, pages 2959-2967. doi:10.1139/f69-282
12. Th. Posternak and H. Friedli (1953): "Recherches dans la série des cyclitols XVI. Sur quelques cyclohexane-tétrols-1,2,3,4". *Helvetica Chimica Acta*, volume 36, issue 1, pages 251-259. doi:10.1002/hlca.19530360131
13. Théodore Posternak and Dominique Reymond (1953): "Recherches dans la série des cyclitols XVII. Sur l'oxydation de divers cyclitols par Acetobacter suboxydans". *Helvetica Chimica Acta*, volume 36, issue 1, pages 260-268. doi:10.1002/hlca.19530360132
14. T. Posternak and D. Reymond (1955): "Recherches dans la série des cyclitols XXI. Sur la configuration de cyclohexane-tétrols et -triols optiquement actifs. Sur l'oxydation biochimique du cyclohexane-tétrol-1,4/2,3 (dihydro-conduritol)". *Helvetica Chimica Acta*, volume 38, issue 1, pages 195-205. doi:10.1002/hlca.19550380123

## InfoBox

1,2,4,5-Cyclohexanetetrol
|
Generic structure of 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetrol | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name Cyclohexane-1,2,4,5-tetrol | |
| Other names 1,2,4,5-Tetrahydroxycyclohexane | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C6H12O4/c7-3-1-4(8)6(10)2-5(3)9/h3-10H,1-2H2Key: RDIDGZFQASQXBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
| SMILES * C1C(C(CC(C1O)O)O)O | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C6H12O4 |
| Molar mass | 148.158 g·mol−1 |
| Density | 1.6±0.1 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 91.3 °C (196.3 °F; 364.4 K) estimated |
| Boiling point | 297.1±40.0 estimated |
| Solubility in water | very highly soluble in water |
| Hazards | |
| Flash point | 149.8±21.9 °C |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: 1981 Toyota Series Championships

abstract: The 1981 Toyota Series Championships was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Byrne Meadowlands Arena in East Rutherford, New Jersey in the United States that was the season-ending tournament of the 1981 Toyota World Championship Series. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from December 15 through December 20, 1981. Third-seeded Tracy Austin won the singles title and earned $75,000 first-prize money.

text:
# 1981 Toyota Series Championships

The **1981 Toyota Series Championships** was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Byrne Meadowlands Arena in East Rutherford, New Jersey in the United States that was the season-ending tournament of the 1981 Toyota World Championship Series. It was the fifth edition of the tournament and was held from December 15 through December 20, 1981. Third-seeded Tracy Austin won the singles title and earned $75,000 first-prize money.

## Finals

### Singles

Tracy Austin defeated  Martina Navratilova 2–6, 6–4, 6–2

* It was Austin's 8th singles title of the year and the 29th of her career.

### Doubles

Martina Navratilova /  Pam Shriver defeated  Rosemary Casals /  Wendy Turnbull 6–3, 6–4

## Prize money

| **Event** | **W** | F | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Singles | $75,000 | $40,000 | $19,500 | $19,500 | $8,250 | $8,250 | $8,250 | $8,250 |
| Doubles | $30,000 | $16,000 | $8,500 | $8,500 | NA | NA | NA | NA |

Doubles prize money is per team.

## InfoBox

| 1981 Toyota Series Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | December 15–20 |
| Edition | 5th |
| Category | Virginia Slims circuit |
| Draw | 8S / 4D |
| Prize money | $250,000 |
| Surface | Carpet (Sporteze) / indoor |
| Location | East Rutherford, NJ, U.S. |
| Venue | Byrne Meadowlands Arena |
| Attendance | 39,225 |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Tracy Austin | |
| Doubles | |
| Martina Navratilova /  Pam Shriver | |
|  | |


title: Eidophasia dammersi

abstract: Eidophasia dammersi is a moth of the family Plutellidae. It is found in California and Arizona in the United States. The larvae feed on Cleome isomeris.

text:
# Eidophasia dammersi

***Eidophasia dammersi*** is a moth of the family Plutellidae. It is found in California and Arizona in the United States.

The larvae feed on *Cleome isomeris*.

## InfoBox

| *Eidophasia dammersi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Plutellidae |
| Genus: | *Eidophasia* |
| Species: | ***E. dammersi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eidophasia dammersi***<br>(Busck, 1934) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Plutella dammersi* Busck, 1934 | |


title: Atractus careolepis

abstract: Atractus careolepis is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species can be found in Colombia.

text:
# Atractus careolepis

***Atractus careolepis*** is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species can be found in Colombia.

## InfoBox

| *Atractus careolepis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Colubridae |
| Genus: | *Atractus* |
| Species: | ***A. careolepis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Atractus careolepis***<br>G. Köhler & Kieckbusch, 2014 | |
|