title: 1958 Wisconsin gubernatorial election

abstract: The 1958 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1958. The Democratic nominee, state senator Gaylord A. Nelson, defeated the Republican incumbent governor, Vernon W. Thomson, receiving 53.59% of the vote. This was the first Democratic victory in a Wisconsin gubernatorial election since 1932, and only the second since 1892. Nelson's share of the vote was the highest for a Democrat since 1873. As of 2024, this is the most recent gubernatorial election in which Vilas County has voted for the Democratic candidate.

text:
# 1958 Wisconsin gubernatorial election

The **1958 Wisconsin gubernatorial election** was held on November 4, 1958. The Democratic nominee, state senator Gaylord A. Nelson, defeated the Republican incumbent governor, Vernon W. Thomson, receiving 53.59% of the vote.

This was the first Democratic victory in a Wisconsin gubernatorial election since 1932, and only the second since 1892. Nelson's share of the vote was the highest for a Democrat since 1873. As of 2024, this is the most recent gubernatorial election in which Vilas County has voted for the Democratic candidate.

## Primary election

The primary election was held on September 9, 1958. Both major party candidates were unopposed in their respective primaries.

### Republican party

#### Candidates

#### Results

Republican primary results
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Vernon W. Thomson (incumbent)** | **241,816** | **100.00%** |
| Total votes | | | **241,816** | **100.00%** |

### Democratic party

#### Candidates

#### Results

Democratic primary results
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Gaylord A. Nelson** | **234,345** | **100.00%** |
| Total votes | | | **234,345** | **100.00%** |

## General election

### Candidates

* Gaylord A. Nelson, Democrat
* Vernon W. Thomson, Republican
* Wayne Leverenz, Independent

### Results

1958 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Gaylord A. Nelson** | **644,296** | **53.59%** | **+5.48%** |
|  | Republican | Vernon W. Thomson (incumbent) | 556,391 | 46.28% | −5.61% |
|  | Independent | Wayne Leverenz | 1,485 | 0.12% |  |
|  |  | Scattering | 47 | 0.00% |  |
| Majority | | | 87,905 | 7.31% |  |
| Total votes | | | **1,202,219** | **100.00%** |  |
|  | Democratic **gain** from Republican | | Swing | +11.09% |  |

### Results by county

By backing Thomson, Oconto County voted for the losing candidate for the first time since 1875, breaking a streak of 40 consecutive elections of backing the eventual winner. Additionally, Clark County, Green County, and Waupaca County voted for the losing candidate for the first time since 1892.

| County | Gaylord A. Nelson
Democratic | | Vernon W. Thomson
Republican | | Wayne Leverenz
Independent | | Margin | | Total votes cast |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | |
| Adams | 1,540 | 56.37% | 1,190 | 43.56% | 0 | 0.00% | 350 | 12.81% | 2,732 |
| Ashland | 3,773 | 59.14% | 2,603 | 40.80% | 4 | 0.06% | 1,107 | 18.34% | 6,380 |
| Barron | 4,928 | 51.05% | 4,716 | 48.86% | 9 | 0.09% | 212 | 2.20% | 9,653 |
| Bayfield | 2,739 | 59.18% | 1,886 | 40.75% | 3 | 0.06% | 853 | 18.43% | 4,628 |
| Brown | 16,747 | 44.30% | 21,036 | 55.65% | 19 | 0.05% | -4,289 | -11.35% | 37,802 |
| Buffalo | 1,779 | 49.33% | 1,824 | 50.58% | 3 | 0.08% | -45 | -1.25% | 3,606 |
| Burnett | 1,931 | 53.06% | 1,703 | 46.80% | 5 | 0.14% | 228 | 6.27% | 3,639 |
| Calumet | 2,596 | 40.22% | 3,851 | 59.67% | 0 | 0.00% | -1,255 | -19.45% | 6,454 |
| Chippewa | 7,055 | 58.29% | 5,037 | 41.62% | 11 | 0.09% | 2,018 | 16.67% | 12,103 |
| Clark | 4,809 | 49.33% | 4,932 | 50.59% | 7 | 0.07% | -123 | -1.26% | 9,748 |
| Columbia | 5,576 | 48.50% | 5,918 | 51.47% | 3 | 0.03% | -342 | -2.97% | 11,497 |
| Crawford | 2,548 | 47.18% | 2,851 | 52.79% | 2 | 0.04% | -303 | -5.61% | 5,401 |
| Dane | 39,790 | 62.12% | 2,4251 | 37.86% | 6 | 0.01% | 15,539 | 24.26% | 64,050 |
| Dodge | 8,013 | 45.76% | 9,489 | 54.19% | 8 | 0.05% | -1,476 | -8.43% | 17,510 |
| Door | 2,639 | 37.92% | 4,316 | 62.01% | 5 | 0.07% | -1,677 | -24.09% | 6,960 |
| Douglas | 11,016 | 64.38% | 6,080 | 35.53% | 15 | 0.09% | 4,936 | 28.85% | 17,111 |
| Dunn | 3,550 | 45.45% | 4,258 | 54.51% | 3 | 0.04% | -708 | -9.06% | 7,811 |
| Eau Claire | 10,347 | 56.65% | 7,896 | 43.23% | 22 | 0.12% | 2,451 | 13.42% | 18,265 |
| Florence | 856 | 55.51% | 683 | 44.29% | 3 | 0.19% | 173 | 11.22% | 1,542 |
| Fond du Lac | 10,590 | 44.42% | 13,222 | 55.46% | 27 | 0.11% | -2,632 | -11.04% | 23,841 |
| Forest | 1,965 | 65.02% | 1,050 | 34.75% | 7 | 0.23% | 915 | 30.28% | 3,022 |
| Grant | 4,517 | 34.26% | 8,637 | 65.50% | 32 | 0.24% | -4,120 | -31.25% | 13,186 |
| Green | 2,838 | 38.63% | 4,506 | 61.34% | 2 | 0.03% | -1,668 | -22.71% | 7,346 |
| Green Lake | 2,016 | 31.89% | 4,291 | 67.87% | 15 | 0.24% | -2,275 | -35.99% | 6,322 |
| Iowa | 2,663 | 45.20% | 3,229 | 54.80% | 0 | 0.00% | -566 | -9.61% | 5,892 |
| Iron | 2,463 | 70.59% | 1,020 | 29.23% | 6 | 0.17% | 1,443 | 41.36% | 3,489 |
| Jackson | 2,643 | 55.64% | 2,104 | 44.29% | 2 | 0.04% | 539 | 11.35% | 4,750 |
| Jefferson | 8,463 | 50.50% | 8,285 | 49.43% | 12 | 0.07% | 178 | 1.06% | 16,760 |
| Juneau | 3,002 | 46.53% | 3,446 | 53.41% | 4 | 0.06% | -444 | -6.88% | 6,452 |
| Kenosha | 17,699 | 59.79% | 11,871 | 40.10% | 31 | 0.10% | 5,828 | 19.69% | 29,601 |
| Kewaunee | 2,833 | 47.48% | 3,132 | 52.49% | 2 | 0.03% | -299 | -5.01% | 5,967 |
| La Crosse | 11,789 | 51.45% | 11,035 | 48.16% | 89 | 0.39% | 754 | 3.29% | 22,913 |
| Lafayette | 2,500 | 46.05% | 2,929 | 53.95% | 0 | 0.00% | -429 | -7.90% | 5,429 |
| Langlade | 3,727 | 53.67% | 3,210 | 46.23% | 7 | 0.10% | 517 | 7.45% | 6,944 |
| Lincoln | 3,840 | 50.74% | 3,719 | 49.14% | 9 | 0.12% | 121 | 1.60% | 7,568 |
| Manitowoc | 12,281 | 53.92% | 10,417 | 45.73% | 79 | 0.35% | 1,864 | 8.18% | 22,777 |
| Marathon | 16,064 | 56.65% | 12,267 | 43.26% | 23 | 0.08% | 3,797 | 13.39% | 28,356 |
| Marinette | 5,369 | 48.84% | 5,618 | 51.11% | 5 | 0.05% | -249 | -2.27% | 10,992 |
| Marquette | 941 | 36.73% | 1,620 | 63.23% | 1 | 0.04% | -679 | -26.50% | 2,562 |
| Milwaukee | 190,647 | 61.58% | 118,310 | 38.22% | 612 | 0.20% | 72,337 | 23.37% | 309,576 |
| Monroe | 4,422 | 49.85% | 4,445 | 50.11% | 0 | 0.00% | -23 | -0.26% | 8,871 |
| Oconto | 4,029 | 48.81% | 4,222 | 51.14% | 4 | 0.05% | -193 | -2.34% | 8,255 |
| Oneida | 5,090 | 57.34% | 3,782 | 42.60% | 5 | 0.06% | 1,308 | 14.73% | 8,877 |
| Outagamie | 10,611 | 39.19% | 16,388 | 60.52% | 78 | 0.29% | -5,777 | -21.34% | 27,077 |
| Ozaukee | 5,448 | 47.76% | 5,956 | 52.21% | 4 | 0.04% | -508 | -4.45% | 11,408 |
| Pepin | 838 | 48.33% | 895 | 51.61% | 1 | 0.06% | -57 | -3.29% | 1,734 |
| Pierce | 2,656 | 46.31% | 3,079 | 53.69% | 0 | 0.00% | -423 | -7.38% | 5,735 |
| Polk | 4,598 | 56.96% | 3,470 | 42.98% | 5 | 0.06% | 1,128 | 13.97% | 8,073 |
| Portage | 7,698 | 62.97% | 4,510 | 36.89% | 17 | 0.14% | 3,188 | 26.08% | 12,225 |
| Price | 3,043 | 56.10% | 2,373 | 43.75% | 8 | 0.15% | 670 | 12.35% | 5,424 |
| Racine | 26,423 | 60.49% | 17,229 | 39.44% | 32 | 0.07% | 9,194 | 21.05% | 43,684 |
| Richland | 2,756 | 43.64% | 3,557 | 56.33% | 2 | 0.03% | -801 | -12.68% | 6,315 |
| Rock | 14,166 | 47.03% | 15,913 | 52.83% | 39 | 0.13% | -1,747 | -5.80% | 30,119 |
| Rusk | 2,813 | 57.02% | 2,114 | 42.85% | 6 | 0.12% | 699 | 14.17% | 4,933 |
| Sauk | 5,539 | 46.50% | 6,366 | 53.44% | 6 | 0.05% | -827 | -6.94% | 11,912 |
| Sawyer | 1,591 | 45.48% | 1,900 | 54.32% | 0 | 0.00% | -309 | -8.83% | 3,498 |
| Shawano | 3,884 | 43.17% | 5,109 | 56.78% | 5 | 0.06% | -1,225 | -13.61% | 8,998 |
| Sheboygan | 15,777 | 51.56% | 14,815 | 48.42% | 0 | 0.00% | 962 | 3.14% | 30,599 |
| St. Croix | 4,431 | 50.01% | 4,426 | 49.95% | 3 | 0.03% | 5 | 0.06% | 8,860 |
| Taylor | 3,362 | 59.30% | 2,303 | 40.62% | 4 | 0.07% | 1,059 | 18.68% | 5,669 |
| Trempealeau | 3,670 | 53.68% | 3,166 | 46.31% | 1 | 0.01% | 504 | 7.37% | 6,837 |
| Vernon | 4,885 | 56.10% | 3,819 | 43.86% | 4 | 0.05% | 1,066 | 12.24% | 8,708 |
| Vilas | 2,398 | 51.70% | 2,232 | 48.12% | 8 | 0.17% | 166 | 3.58% | 4,638 |
| Walworth | 5,753 | 38.67% | 9,116 | 61.27% | 9 | 0.06% | -3,363 | -22.60% | 14,878 |
| Washburn | 1,784 | 49.04% | 1,852 | 50.91% | 2 | 0.05% | -68 | -1.87% | 3,638 |
| Washington | 5,768 | 46.14% | 6,728 | 53.82% | 5 | 0.04% | -960 | -7.68% | 12,502 |
| Waukesha | 20,637 | 48.45% | 21,902 | 51.42% | 57 | 0.13% | -1,265 | -2.97% | 42,596 |
| Waupaca | 3,972 | 37.09% | 6,732 | 62.87% | 4 | 0.04% | -2,760 | -25.78% | 10,708 |
| Waushara | 1,446 | 36.00% | 2,569 | 63.95% | 0 | 0.00% | -1,123 | -27.96% | 4,017 |
| Winnebago | 15,494 | 46.21% | 17,979 | 53.62% | 59 | 0.18% | -2,485 | -7.41% | 33,532 |
| Wood | 8,232 | 47.69% | 9,006 | 52.17% | 24 | 0.14% | -774 | -4.48% | 17,262 |
| Total | 644,296 | 53.59% | 556,391 | 46.28% | 1,485 | 0.12% | 87,905 | 7.31% | 1,202,219 |

#### Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

1. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". *uselectionatlas.org*. Retrieved July 4, 2022.
2. The Wisconsin Legislative Reference Library (1960). "Vote For State Officers, Wisconsin Primary Election". *The Wisconsin Blue Book 1960*. Madison, Wisconsin. p. 650.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
3. "Nelson, Gaylord A." *Our Campaigns*. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
4. Wisconsin Historical Society, Statement of Board of State Canvassers for State Officers - General Election - 1958
5. The Wisconsin Legislative Reference Library (1960). "Vote For State Officers By Counties, Wisconsin General Election, November 4, 1958". *The Wisconsin Blue Book 1960*. Madison, Wisconsin. pp. 692–693.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

## InfoBox

1958 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Gaylord A. Nelson** Vernon W. Thomson   Party Democratic Republican  Popular vote **644,296** 556,391  Percentage **53.59%** 46.28% | |
| ---  County results
**Nelson**:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
**Thomson**:      50–60%      60–70% | |
| ---  **Governor before election**
Vernon W. Thomson
Republican **Elected Governor**
Gaylord A. Nelson
Democratic | |


title: Eugnosta falarica

abstract: Eugnosta falarica is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Mongolia.

text:
# Eugnosta falarica

***Eugnosta falarica*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Mongolia.

## Distribution

* Regions of the Russian Federation: the Trans-Baikal.

## InfoBox

| *Eugnosta falarica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Eugnosta* |
| Species: | ***E. falarica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eugnosta falarica***<br>Razowski, 1970 | |
|


title: Eucalantica polita

abstract: Eucalantica polita is a moth in the family Yponomeutidae. It is found at the Pacific side of the coastal regions of Canada and the United States.

text:
# Eucalantica polita

***Eucalantica polita*** is a moth in the family Yponomeutidae. It is found at the Pacific side of the coastal regions of Canada (British Columbia) and the United States (Washington, Oregon and California).

## InfoBox

| *Eucalantica polita* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Male | |
|  | |
| Female | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Yponomeutidae |
| Genus: | *Eucalantica* |
| Species: | ***E. polita*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eucalantica polita***<br>(Walsingham, 1881) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Calantica polita* Walsingham, 1881 * *Eucalantica polita* | |


title: Emremsultan, Nallıhan

abstract: Emremsultan is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Nallıhan, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 124 (2022).

text:
# Emremsultan, Nallıhan

**Emremsultan** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Nallıhan, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 124 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Emremsultan | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| EmremsultanLocation in TurkeyEmremsultanEmremsultan (Turkey Central Anatolia) | |
| Coordinates: 40°04′N 31°24′E / 40.067°N 31.400°E / 40.067; 31.400 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Ankara |
| District | Nallıhan |
| Population (2022) | 124 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: 1908 Chicago White Sox season

abstract: The 1908 season was the eighth in Chicago White Sox history and its eighth as a major league team. Owner Charles Comiskey optioned land in the summer of 1908 for what would become Comiskey Park. Despite ace pitcher Ed Walsh going an incredible 40–15 in 1908, the Sox could only muster a third-place finish in the American League standings, behind Detroit and Cleveland, ultimately finishing 88–64. The White Sox hit only three home runs for the entire season, the lowest total for a major league team in the modern era.

text:
# 1908 Chicago White Sox season

The 1908 season was the eighth in **Chicago White Sox** history and its eighth as a major league team. Owner Charles Comiskey optioned land in the summer of 1908 for what would become Comiskey Park. Despite ace pitcher Ed Walsh going an incredible 40–15 in 1908, the Sox could only muster a third-place finish in the American League standings, behind Detroit and Cleveland, ultimately finishing 88–64. The White Sox hit only three home runs for the entire season, the lowest total for a major league team in the modern era (since 1901).

## Regular season

### Season standings

American League
| Team |  |  | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Detroit Tigers | 90 | 63 | .588 |  | 4433 | 4630 |
| Cleveland Naps | 90 | 64 | .584 | ½ | 5126 | 3938 |
| Chicago White Sox | 88 | 64 | .579 |  | 5125 | 3739 |
| St. Louis Browns | 83 | 69 | .546 |  | 4631 | 3738 |
| Boston Red Sox | 75 | 79 | .487 | 15½ | 3740 | 3839 |
| Philadelphia Athletics | 68 | 85 | .444 | 22 | 4630 | 2255 |
| Washington Senators | 67 | 85 | .441 | 22½ | 4332 | 2453 |
| New York Highlanders | 51 | 103 | .331 | 39½ | 3047 | 2156 |

### Record vs. opponents

| <br>Sources: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | BOS | CWS | CLE | DET | NYH | PHA | SLB | WSH |
| Boston |  | 6–16–1 | 10–12 | 11–11 | 12–10 | 10–12 | 15–7 | 11–11 |
| Chicago | 16–6–1 |  | 8–14–1 | 9–13 | 16–6 | 13–9 | 11–10 | 15–6–2 |
| Cleveland | 12–10 | 14–8–1 |  | 13–9 | 16–6 | 16–6–1 | 11–11–1 | 8–14 |
| Detroit | 11–11 | 13–9 | 9–13 |  | 15–7 | 14–8–1 | 12–10 | 16–5 |
| New York | 10–12 | 6–16 | 6–16 | 7–15 |  | 8–14–1 | 5–17 | 9–13 |
| Philadelphia | 12–10 | 9–13 | 6–16–1 | 8–14–1 | 14–8–1 |  | 8–13–1 | 11–11 |
| St. Louis | 7–15 | 10–11 | 11–11–1 | 10–12 | 17–5 | 13–8–1 |  | 15–7–1 |
| Washington | 11–11 | 6–15–2 | 14–8 | 5–16 | 13–9 | 11–11 | 7–15–1 |  |

### Roster

| 1908 Chicago White Sox | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Roster** | | | | | | | | | |
| **Pitchers** |  | **Catchers** **Infielders** |  | **Outfielders** |  | **Manager** |

## Player stats

### Batting

#### Starters by position

*Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Pos | Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C | Billy Sullivan | 137 | 430 | 82 | .191 | 0 | 29 |
| 1B | Jiggs Donahue | 93 | 304 | 62 | .204 | 0 | 22 |
| 2B | George Davis | 128 | 419 | 91 | .217 | 0 | 26 |
| SS | Freddy Parent | 119 | 391 | 81 | .207 | 0 | 35 |
| 3B | Lee Tannehill | 141 | 482 | 104 | .216 | 0 | 35 |
| OF | Ed Hahn | 122 | 447 | 112 | .251 | 0 | 21 |
| OF | Patsy Dougherty | 138 | 482 | 134 | .278 | 0 | 45 |
| OF | Fielder Jones | 149 | 529 | 134 | .253 | 1 | 50 |
|

#### Other batters

*Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| John Anderson | 123 | 355 | 93 | .262 | 0 | 47 |
| Frank Isbell | 84 | 320 | 79 | .247 | 1 | 49 |
| Jake Atz | 83 | 206 | 40 | .194 | 0 | 27 |
| Billy Purtell | 26 | 69 | 9 | .130 | 0 | 3 |
| Al Shaw | 32 | 49 | 4 | .082 | 0 | 2 |
| Art Weaver | 15 | 35 | 7 | .200 | 0 | 1 |
| Ossee Schreckengost | 6 | 16 | 3 | .188 | 0 | 0 |

### Pitching

#### Starting pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ed Walsh | 66 | 464.0 | 40 | 15 | 1.42 | 269 |
| Frank Smith | 41 | 297.2 | 16 | 17 | 2.03 | 129 |
| Doc White | 41 | 296.0 | 18 | 13 | 2.55 | 126 |
| Lou Fiene | 1 | 9.0 | 0 | 1 | 4.00 | 3 |

#### Other pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Frank Owen | 25 | 140.0 | 6 | 7 | 3.41 | 48 |
| Nick Altrock | 23 | 136.0 | 5 | 7 | 2.71 | 21 |
| Moxie Manuel | 18 | 60.1 | 3 | 4 | 3.28 | 25 |
| Andy Nelson | 2 | 9.0 | 0 | 0 | 2.00 | 1 |

#### Relief pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | W | L | SV | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Fred Olmstead | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13.50 | 1 |

## InfoBox

| 1908 Chicago White Sox | |
| --- | --- |
| League | American League |
| Ballpark | South Side Park |
| City | Chicago, Illinois |
| Owners | Charles Comiskey |
| Managers | Fielder Jones |
|  | |


title: 2013 Copa Libertadores

abstract: The 2013 Copa Libertadores de América was the 54th edition of the Copa Libertadores de América, South America's premier international club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL. Corinthians were the defending champions but were knocked out of the tournament by Boca Juniors in the round of 16. For the fourth year in a row, the title was won by a Brazilian club, with Atlético Mineiro beating Paraguayan club Olimpia on penalties in the finals to win their first title. By winning the competition, Atlético Mineiro won the right to play in the 2013 FIFA Club World Cup and the 2014 Recopa Sudamericana.

text:
# 2013 Copa Libertadores

The **2013 Copa Libertadores de América** (officially the **2013 Copa Bridgestone Libertadores** for sponsorship reasons) was the 54th edition of the Copa Libertadores de América, South America's premier international club football tournament organized by CONMEBOL. Corinthians were the defending champions but were knocked out of the tournament by Boca Juniors in the round of 16.

For the fourth year in a row, the title was won by a Brazilian club, with Atlético Mineiro beating Paraguayan club Olimpia on penalties in the finals to win their first title. By winning the competition, Atlético Mineiro won the right to play in the 2013 FIFA Club World Cup and the 2014 Recopa Sudamericana.

## Qualified teams

The following teams qualified for the tournament.

| Association | Team (Berth) | Entry stage | Qualification method |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Argentina
5 berths | Arsenal (Argentina 1) | Second stage | 2012 Clausura champion |
| | Vélez Sarsfield (Argentina 2) | | 2012 Torneo Inicial champion |
| | Newell's Old Boys (Argentina 3) | | 2012 tournaments aggregate table best team not yet qualified |
| | Boca Juniors (Argentina 4) | | 2012 tournaments aggregate table 2nd best team not yet qualified |
| | Tigre (Argentina 5) | First stage | 2012 Copa Sudamericana best Argentine team not yet qualified |
| Bolivia
3 berths | The Strongest (Bolivia 1) | Second stage | 2012 Clausura champion and 2012 Apertura champion |
| | San José (Bolivia 2) | | 2012 Clausura runner-up and 2012 Apertura runner-up |
| | Bolívar (Bolivia 3) | First stage | Playoff winner between 2012 Clausura 3rd place and 2012 Apertura 3rd place |
| Brazil
5 + 1 berths | Corinthians (Brazil 1; Title holders) | Second stage | 2012 Copa Libertadores champion |
| | Fluminense (Brazil 2) | | 2012 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A champion |
| | Palmeiras (Brazil 3) | | 2012 Copa do Brasil champion |
| | Atlético Mineiro (Brazil 4) | | 2012 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A runner-up |
| | Grêmio (Brazil 5) | First stage | 2012 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A 3rd place |
| | | São Paulo (Brazil 6) | 2012 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A 4th place and 2012 Copa Sudamericana champion |
| Chile
3 berths | Universidad de Chile (Chile 1) | Second stage | 2012 Apertura champion |
| | Huachipato (Chile 2) | | 2012 Clausura champion |
| | Iquique (Chile 3) | First stage | 2012 Primera División aggregate table best team not yet qualified |
| Colombia
3 berths | Santa Fe (Colombia 1) | Second stage | 2012 Apertura champion |
| | Millonarios (Colombia 2) | | 2012 Finalización champion |
| | Deportes Tolima (Colombia 3) | First stage | 2012 Primera A aggregate table best team not yet qualified |
| Ecuador
3 berths | Barcelona (Ecuador 1) | Second stage | 2012 Serie A champion |
| | Emelec (Ecuador 2) | | 2012 Serie A second-place playoffs winner |
| | LDU Quito (Ecuador 3) | First stage | 2012 Serie A second-place playoffs loser |
| Mexico
(CONCACAF)
3 invitees | Toluca (Mexico 1) | Second stage | 2012 Apertura classification phase best team not qualified for 2012–13 CONCACAF Champions League |
| | Tijuana (Mexico 2) | | 2012 Apertura classification phase 2nd best team not qualified for 2012–13 CONCACAF Champions League |
| | León (Mexico 3) | First stage | 2012 Apertura classification phase 3rd best team not qualified for 2012–13 CONCACAF Champions League |
| Paraguay
3 berths | Libertad (Paraguay 1) | Second stage | 2012 Primera División tournament champion with better record in aggregate table |
| | Cerro Porteño (Paraguay 2) | | 2012 Primera División tournament champion with worse record in aggregate table |
| | Olimpia (Paraguay 3) | First stage | 2012 Primera División aggregate table best team not yet qualified |
| Peru
3 berths | Sporting Cristal (Peru 1) | Second stage | 2012 Descentralizado champion |
| | Real Garcilaso (Peru 2) | | 2012 Descentralizado runner-up |
| | Universidad César Vallejo (Peru 3) | First stage | 2012 Descentralizado aggregate table best team not yet qualified |
| Uruguay
3 berths | Nacional (Uruguay 1) | Second stage | 2011–12 Primera División champion |
| | Peñarol (Uruguay 2) | | 2011–12 Primera División runner-up |
| | Defensor Sporting (Uruguay 3) | First stage | 2011–12 Primera División aggregate table best team not yet qualified |
| Venezuela
3 berths | Deportivo Lara (Venezuela 1) | Second stage | 2011–12 Primera División champion |
| | Caracas (Venezuela 2) | | 2011–12 Primera División runner-up |
| | Deportivo Anzoátegui (Venezuela 3) | First stage | 2011–12 Primera División aggregate table best team not yet qualified |
|

## Draw

Arsenal
Boca Juniors
Tigre
Vélez SarsfieldNewell's Old BoysBolívar
The StrongestSan JoséCorinthians
Palmeiras
São PauloFluminenseAtl. MineiroGrêmioU. de ChileHuachipatoIquiqueMillonarios
Santa FeDep. TolimaBarcelona
EmelecLDU QuitoCerro Porteño
Libertad
OlimpiaSp. CristalReal GarcilasoU. César VallejoDefensor Sporting
Nacional
PeñarolDep. LaraCaracasDep. Anzoáteguiclass=notpageimage|Location of teams of the **2013 Copa Libertadores** from South America. TolucaTijuanaLeónclass=notpageimage|Location of teams of the **2013 Copa Libertadores** from Mexico.

The draw of the tournament was held on 21 December 2012 in Luque, Paraguay.

For the first stage, the 12 teams were drawn into six ties containing a team from Pot 1 and a team from Pot 2, with the former hosting the second leg in three ties, and the latter hosting the second leg in the other three ties. The seeding of each team was determined by which associations reached the furthest stage in the previous Copa Libertadores.

| Pot 1 | Pot 2 |
| --- | --- |
| Tigre
Grêmio
São Paulo
Iquique
Deportes Tolima
Olimpia | Bolívar
LDU Quito
León
Universidad César Vallejo
Defensor Sporting
Deportivo Anzoátegui |

For the second stage, the 32 teams were drawn into eight groups of four containing one team from each of the four seeding pots. The seeding of each team was determined by their association and qualifying berth (as per the rotational agreement established by CONMEBOL, the teams which qualified through berths 1 from Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela were seeded into Pot 1 for odd-numbered years, while the teams which qualified through berths 1 from Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay were seeded into Pot 1 for even-numbered years). Teams from the same association in Pots 1 and 3 could not be drawn into the same group. However, a first stage winner, whose identity was not known at the time of the draw, could be drawn into the same group with another team from the same association.

| Pot 1 | Pot 2 | Pot 3 | Pot 4 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Arsenal
Vélez Sarsfield
Corinthians
Fluminense
Santa Fe
Barcelona
Sporting Cristal
Deportivo Lara | The Strongest
San José
Universidad de Chile
Huachipato
Libertad
Cerro Porteño
Nacional
Peñarol | Newell's Old Boys
Boca Juniors
Palmeiras
Atlético Mineiro
Millonarios
Emelec
Real Garcilaso
Caracas | Toluca
Tijuana
First stage winner G1
First stage winner G2
First stage winner G3
First stage winner G4
First stage winner G5
First stage winner G6 |

## Schedule

The schedule of the competition was as follows (all dates listed were Wednesdays, but matches may be played on Tuesdays and Thursdays as well).

| Stage | First leg | Second leg |
| --- | --- | --- |
| First stage | 23 January | 30 January |
| Second stage | 13 February, 20, 27
6, 13 March
3, 10, 17 April | |
| Round of 16 | 24 April
1 May | 8, 15 May |
| Quarterfinals | 22 May | 29 May |
| Semifinals | 3 July | 10 July |
| Finals | 17 July | 24 July |

## First stage

In the first stage, each tie was played on a home-and-away two-legged basis. If tied on aggregate, the away goals rule was used. If still tied, the penalty shoot-out was used to determine the winner (no extra time was played). The winners of each tie advanced to the second stage to join the 26 automatic qualifiers.

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Tigre** | 5–1 | Deportivo Anzoátegui | 2–1 | 3–0 |
| LDU Quito | 1–1 (4–5 ) | **Grêmio** | 1–0 | 0–1 |
| **Deportes Tolima** | 2–1 | Universidad César Vallejo | 1–0 | 1–1 |
| Defensor Sporting | 0–2 | **Olimpia** | 0–0 | 0–2 |
| **São Paulo** | 8–4 | Bolívar | 5–0 | 3–4 |
| León | 2–2 (2–4 ) | **Iquique** | 1–1 | 1–1 |

## Second stage

In the second stage, each group was played on a home-and-away round-robin basis. Each team earned 3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, and 0 points for a loss. If tied on points, the following criteria were used to determine the ranking: 1. Goal difference; 2. Goals scored; 3. Away goals scored; 4. Drawing of lots. The winners and runners-up of each group advanced to the round of 16.

### Group 1

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |  | NAC | BOC | TOL | BAR |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Nacional | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 6 | +4 | 10 |  |  | 0–1 | 4–0 | 2–2 |
| 2 | Boca Juniors | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 9 |  | 0–1 |  | 1–2 | 1–0 |
| 3 | Toluca | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 11 | 3 | 8 |  | 2–3 | 3–2 |  | 1–1 |
| 4 | Barcelona | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 6 |  | 1–0 | 1–2 | 0–0 |  |

Source:

### Group 2

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |  | PAL | TIG | LIB | CRI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Palmeiras | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 9 |  |  | 2–0 | 1–0 | 2–1 |
| 2 | Tigre | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 10 | 1 | 9 |  | 1–0 |  | 0–2 | 3–1 |
| 3 | Libertad | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 9 | +1 | 8 |  | 2–0 | 3–5 |  | 2–2 |
| 4 | Sporting Cristal | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 8 |  | 1–0 | 2–0 | 1–1 |  |

Source:

### Group 3

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |  | CAM | SPL | ARS | STR |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Atlético Mineiro | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 9 | +7 | 15 |  |  | 2–1 | 5–2 | 2–1 |
| 2 | São Paulo | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 7 |  | 2–0 |  | 1–1 | 2–1 |
| 3 | Arsenal | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 10 | 15 | 5 | 7 |  | 2–5 | 2–1 |  | 2–1 |
| 4 | The Strongest | 6 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 8 | 10 | 2 | 6 |  | 1–2 | 2–1 | 2–1 |  |

Source:

### Group 4

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |  | VEL | EME | PEN | IQU |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Vélez Sarsfield | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 3 | +7 | 13 |  |  | 0–0 | 3–1 | 3–0 |
| 2 | Emelec | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 4 | +1 | 10 |  | 1–0 |  | 2–0 | 2–1 |
| 3 | Peñarol | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 9 |  | 0–1 | 1–0 |  | 3–0 |
| 4 | Iquique | 6 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 13 | 8 | 3 |  | 1–3 | 2–0 | 1–2 |  |

Source:

### Group 5

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |  | COR | TIJ | SJO | MIL |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Corinthians | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 2 | +8 | 13 |  |  | 3–0 | 3–0 | 2–0 |
| 2 | Tijuana | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 4 | +4 | 13 |  | 1–0 |  | 4–0 | 1–0 |
| 3 | San José | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 11 | 6 | 5 |  | 1–1 | 1–1 |  | 2–0 |
| 4 | Millonarios | 6 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 6 | 3 |  | 0–1 | 0–1 | 2–1 |  |

Source:

### Group 6

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |  | SFE | RGA | TOL | CEP |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Santa Fe | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 4 | +5 | 14 |  |  | 2–0 | 1–1 | 1–0 |
| 2 | Real Garcilaso | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 7 | +1 | 10 |  | 1–1 |  | 0–3 | 5–1 |
| 3 | Deportes Tolima | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 5 | +2 | 8 |  | 1–2 | 0–1 |  | 2–1 |
| 4 | Cerro Porteño | 6 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 11 | 8 | 1 |  | 1–2 | 0–1 | 0–0 |  |

Source:

### Group 7

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |  | OLI | NEW | UCH | LAR |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Olimpia | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 16 | 7 | +9 | 13 |  |  | 4–1 | 3–0 | 2–2 |
| 2 | Newell's Old Boys | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 11 | 10 | +1 | 9 |  | 3–1 |  | 1–2 | 3–1 |
| 3 | Universidad de Chile | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 2 | 9 |  | 0–1 | 0–2 |  | 2–0 |
| 4 | Deportivo Lara | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 8 | 4 |  | 1–5 | 2–1 | 2–3 |  |

Source:

### Group 8

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |  | FLU | GRE | HUA | CAR |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Fluminense | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 11 |  |  | 0–3 | 1–1 | 1–0 |
| 2 | Grêmio | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 6 | +4 | 8 |  | 0–0 |  | 1–2 | 4–1 |
| 3 | Huachipato | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 8 | +2 | 8 |  | 1–2 | 1–1 |  | 1–3 |
| 4 | Caracas | 6 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 12 | 6 | 6 |  | 0–1 | 2–1 | 0–4 |  |

Source:

## Knockout stages

In the knockout stages, the 16 teams played a single-elimination tournament, with the following rules:

* Each tie was played on a home-and-away two-legged basis, with the higher-seeded team hosting the second leg. However, CONMEBOL required that the second leg of the finals must be played in South America, i.e., a finalist from Mexico must host the first leg regardless of seeding.
* In the round of 16, quarterfinals, and semifinals, if tied on aggregate, the away goals rule was used. If still tied, the penalty shoot-out was used to determine the winner (no extra time was played).
* In the finals, if tied on aggregate, the away goals rule was not used, and 30 minutes of extra time was played. If still tied after extra time, the penalty shoot-out was used to determine the winner.
* If there were two semifinalists from the same association, they must play each other.

### Seeding

The qualified teams were seeded in the knockout stages according to their results in the second stage, with the group winners seeded 1–8, and the group runners-up seeded 9–16.

| Seed | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Status |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Atlético Mineiro | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 16 | 9 | +7 | 15 | Group
winners
(Seeds 1–8) |
| 2 | Santa Fe | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 9 | 4 | +5 | | 14 |
| 3 | Olimpia | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 16 | 7 | +9 | | 13 |
| 4 | Corinthians | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 2 | +8 | | 13 |
| 5 | Vélez Sarsfield | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 3 | +7 | | 13 |
| 6 | Fluminense | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 0 | | 11 |
| 7 | Nacional | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 6 | +4 | | 10 |
| 8 | Palmeiras | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 0 | | 9 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | Tijuana | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 4 | +4 | 13 | Group
runners-up
(Seeds 9–16) |
| 10 | Real Garcilaso | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 7 | +1 | | 10 |
| 11 | Emelec | 6 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 4 | +1 | | 10 |
| 12 | Newell's Old Boys | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 11 | 10 | +1 | | 9 |
| 13 | Boca Juniors | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 7 | 0 | | 9 |
| 14 | Tigre | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 10 | 1 | | 9 |
| 15 | Grêmio | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 10 | 6 | +4 | | 8 |
| 16 | São Paulo | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 0 | | 7 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1. Points; 2. Goal difference; 3. Goals scored; 4. Away goals scored; 5. Drawing of lots.

### Bracket

|  | Round of 16 | | | | |  |  | Quarterfinals | | | | |  |  | Semifinals | | | | |  |  | Finals | | | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 11 | Emelec | 2 | 0 | 2 |  |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | || |
|  | 6 | **Fluminense** | 1 | 2 | 3 |  | || |
|  | | | | | | |  | 6 | Fluminense | 0 | 1 | 1 |  | ||
|  | | | | | | | |  | | | | |  | ||
|  | |  |  | 3 | **Olimpia** | 0 | 2 | 2 |  || |
|  | 14 | | | | | | | | Tigre | 2 | 0 | 2 |  | ||
|  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | ||
|  | | 3 | **Olimpia** | 1 | 2 | 3 |  || |
|  | | | | | | |  | 3 | **Olimpia** | 2 | 0 | 2 |  ||
|  | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | |  | |
|  | |  |  | 2 | Santa Fe | 0 | 1 | 1 |  ||
|  | 10 | | | | | | | | **Real Garcilaso** () | 1 | 0 | 1 (4) |  |  | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | ||
|  | | 7 | Nacional | 0 | 1 | 1 (1) | |  ||
|  | | | | | | |  | 10 | Real Garcilaso | 1 | 0 | 1 |  ||
|  | | | | | | | |  | | | | |  ||
|  | |  |  | 2 | **Santa Fe** | 3 | 2 | 5 |  ||
|  | | | | | | | | | 15 | Grêmio | 2 | 0 | 2 |  ||
|  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | ||
|  | | 2 | **Santa Fe** () | 1 | 1 | 2 |  ||
|  | | | | | | |  | 3 | Olimpia | 2 | 0 | 2 (3) |  |
|  | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  |
|  | |  |  | 1 | **Atlético Mineiro** () | 0 | 2 | 2 (4) |  |
|  | 13 | | | | | | | | **Boca Juniors** | 1 | 1 | 2 |  |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | |
|  | | 4 | Corinthians | 0 | 1 | 1 | |  ||
|  | | | | | | |  | 13 | Boca Juniors | 0 | 0 | 0 (9)0 |  | |
|  | | | | | | | |  | | | | |  | |
|  | |  |  | 12 | **Newell's Old Boys** () | 0 | 0 | 0 (10) |  ||
|  | | | | | | | | | 12 | **Newell's Old Boys** () | 0 | 2 | 2 | |  |
|  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | |
|  | | 5 | Vélez Sarsfield | 1 | 1 | 2 |  ||
|  | | | | | | |  | 12 | Newell's Old Boys | 2 | 0 | 2 (2) |  |
|  | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | |  |
|  | |  |  | 1 | **Atlético Mineiro** () | 0 | 2 | 2 (3) |  |
|  | | | | | | | | | 9 | **Tijuana** | 0 | 2 | 2 |  |  | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |
|  | | 8 | Palmeiras | 0 | 1 | 1 | |  |
|  | | | | | | |  | 9 | Tijuana | 2 | 1 | 3 |  |
|  | | | | | | | |  | | | | |  |
|  | |  |  | 1 | **Atlético Mineiro** () | 2 | 1 | 3 |  |
|  | | | | | | | | | 16 | São Paulo | 1 | 1 | 2 |  |
|  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |
|  | | 1 | **Atlético Mineiro** | 2 | 4 | 6 |  |

### Round of 16

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| São Paulo | 2–6 | **Atlético Mineiro** | 1–2 | 1–4 |
| Grêmio | 2–2 () | **Santa Fe** | 2–1 | 0–1 |
| Tigre | 2–3 | **Olimpia** | 2–1 | 0–2 |
| **Boca Juniors** | 2–1 | Corinthians | 1–0 | 1–1 |
| **Newell's Old Boys** | 2–2 () | Vélez Sarsfield | 0–1 | 2–1 |
| Emelec | 2–3 | **Fluminense** | 2–1 | 0–2 |
| **Real Garcilaso** | 1–1 (4–1 ) | Nacional | 1–0 | 0–1 |
| **Tijuana** | 2–1 | Palmeiras | 0–0 | 2–1 |

### Quarterfinals

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Tijuana | 3–3 () | **Atlético Mineiro** | 2–2 | 1–1 |
| Real Garcilaso | 1–5 | **Santa Fe** | 1–3 | 0–2 |
| Fluminense | 1–2 | **Olimpia** | 0–0 | 1–2 |
| Boca Juniors | 0–0 (9–10 ) | **Newell's Old Boys** | 0–0 | 0–0 |

### Semifinals

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Newell's Old Boys | 2–2 (2–3 ) | **Atlético Mineiro** | 2–0 | 0–2 |
| **Olimpia** | 2–1 | Santa Fe | 2–0 | 0–1 |

### Finals

The finals were played on a home-and-away two-legged basis, with the higher-seeded team hosting the second leg. If tied on aggregate, the away goals rule was not used, and 30 minutes of extra time was played. If still tied after extra time, the penalty shoot-out was used to determine the winner.

| Olimpia | 2–0 | Atlético Mineiro |
| --- | --- | --- |
| A. Silva  23'
Pittoni  90+4' | Report |  |

Estadio Defensores del Chaco, AsunciónAttendance: 35,000Referee: Néstor Pitana (Argentina)

---

| Atlético Mineiro | 2–0 (a.e.t.) | Olimpia |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 47'
Leonardo Silva  87' | Report |  |
| Penalties | | |
| Alecsandro
Guilherme

Leonardo Silva | 4–3 | Miranda
Ferreyra
Candia
Aranda
Giménez |

Estádio Governador Magalhães Pinto (Mineirão), Belo HorizonteAttendance: 56,557Referee: Wilmar Roldán (Colombia)

*Tied 2–2 on aggregate, Atlético Mineiro won on penalties.*

## Top goalscorers

| Rank | Player | Team | Goals |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 |  | Atlético Mineiro | 7 |
| 2 | Diego Tardelli | Atlético Mineiro | 6 |
| | Ignacio Scocco | Newell's Old Boys | 6 |
| 4 | Fredy Bareiro | Olimpia | 5 |
| | Luís Fabiano | São Paulo | 5 |
| | Braian Rodríguez | Huachipato | 5 |
| | Juan Manuel Salgueiro | Olimpia | 5 |
| 8 | Irven Ávila | Sporting Cristal | 4 |
| | Bernard | Atlético Mineiro | 4 |
| | Cristian Martínez Borja | Santa Fe | 4 |
| | Rubén Botta | Tigre | 4 |
| | Juan Carlos Ferreyra | Olimpia | 4 |
| | Paolo Guerrero | Corinthians | 4 |
| | Jádson | São Paulo | 4 |
| | Rogerio Leichtweis | Deportes Tolima | 4 |
| | Fidel Martínez | Tijuana | 4 |
| | Wilder Medina | Santa Fe | 4 |
| | Matías Pérez García | Tigre | 4 |
| | Ronaldinho | Atlético Mineiro | 4 |
| | Manuel Villalobos | Iquique | 4 |

Source:

## InfoBox

2013 Copa Libertadores de América
| 2013 Copa Bridgestone Libertadores de América
2013 Copa Bridgestone Libertadores da América | |
| --- | --- |
| Tournament details | |
| Dates | 22 January – 24 July 2013 |
| Teams | 38 (from 11 associations) |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Atlético Mineiro (1st title) |
| Runners-up | Olimpia |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 138 |
| Goals scored | 345 (2.5 per match) |
| Attendance | 3,425,911 (24,825 per match) |
| Top scorer(s) | (7 goals) |
|


title: 2004–05 Essex Senior Football League

abstract: The 2004–05 season was the 34th in the history of Essex Senior Football League, a football competition in England. The league featured 15 clubs which competed in the league last season, no new clubs joined the league this season. Though, Bowers United merged with Pitsea, renaming to Bowers & Pitsea, whilst Brentwood changed name to Brentwood Town. Enfield Town were champions, winning their second Essex Senior League title and were promoted to the Southern League to the same division with original Enfield.

text:
# 2004–05 Essex Senior Football League

The **2004–05 season** was the 34th in the history of Essex Senior Football League, a football competition in England.

The league featured 15 clubs which competed in the league last season, no new clubs joined the league this season. Though, Bowers United merged with Pitsea, renaming to Bowers & Pitsea, whilst Brentwood changed name to Brentwood Town.

Enfield Town were champions, winning their second Essex Senior League title and were promoted to the Southern League to the same division with original Enfield.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Enfield Town | 28 | 20 | 6 | 2 | 62 | 21 | +41 | 66 | Promoted to the Southern League |
| 2 | Burnham Ramblers | 28 | 21 | 2 | 5 | 63 | 34 | +29 | 65 |  |
| 3 | Waltham Abbey | 28 | 19 | 2 | 7 | 61 | 29 | +32 | | 58 |
| 4 | Barkingside | 28 | 16 | 7 | 5 | 62 | 31 | +31 | | 55 |
| 5 | Romford | 28 | 16 | 5 | 7 | 56 | 40 | +16 | | 53 |
| 6 | Southend Manor | 28 | 14 | 5 | 9 | 51 | 44 | +7 | | 47 |
| 7 | Basildon United | 28 | 14 | 4 | 10 | 42 | 31 | +11 | | 46 |
| 8 | Sawbridgeworth Town | 28 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 47 | 36 | +11 | | 42 |
| 9 | Concord Rangers | 28 | 12 | 3 | 13 | 50 | 44 | +6 | | 39 |
| 10 | Bowers & Pitsea | 28 | 9 | 7 | 12 | 53 | 53 | 0 | | 34 |
| 11 | Stansted | 28 | 7 | 4 | 17 | 41 | 74 | 33 | | 25 |
| 12 | Eton Manor | 28 | 6 | 3 | 19 | 34 | 62 | 28 | | 21 |
| 13 | London APSA | 28 | 5 | 4 | 19 | 33 | 72 | 39 | | 19 |
| 14 | Brentwood Town | 28 | 3 | 7 | 18 | 30 | 66 | 36 | | 16 |
| 15 | Hullbridge Sports | 28 | 1 | 4 | 23 | 22 | 70 | 48 | | 7 |

Source: fchd
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
Notes:   1. "Essex Senior Football League 1992–2011". *Non League Matters*.

## InfoBox

Essex Senior
Football League
| Season | 2004–05 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Enfield Town |
| Promoted | Enfield Town |
| Matches played | 210 |
| Goals scored | 707 (3.37 per match) |
| 2003–04 2005–06 | |


title: 1985 in Wales

abstract: This article is about the particular significance of the year 1985 to Wales and its people.

text:
# 1985 in Wales

This article is about the particular significance of the year **1985** to Wales and its people.

## Incumbents

## Events

## Arts and literature

* Robat Powell becomes the first Welsh learner to win the Chair at the National Eisteddfod (see below).

### Awards

### New books

#### English language

#### Welsh language

### Music

#### Albums

## Film

### Welsh-language films

* *None*

## Broadcasting

### Welsh-language television

### English-language television

## Sport

## Births

## Deaths

1. Stephen Bates (19 March 2018). "Lord Crickhowell obituary". *The Guardian*. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
2. Doe, Norman (5 March 2020). *A New History of the Church in Wales: Governance and Ministry, Theology and Society*. Cambridge University Press. p. 119. ISBN 978-1-108-60320-1.
3. "WJ Gruffydd: Writer who helped keep alive the Welsh tradition". *The Independent*. 20 July 2011. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
4. "Other Notices | The Gazette". *www.thegazette.co.uk*. Retrieved 2023-10-30.
5. "Management Plan 2014 - 2019" (PDF). *clwydianrangeanddeevalleyaonb.org.uk*. p. 3. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
6. Steven Pye (12 May 2018). "When Swansea City were relegated through all four divisions in four years". *The Guardian*. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
7. "The secret billionaire". *The Independent*. 26 July 2000. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
8. Nick Parry (14 December 2005). "Town's forgotten nuclear bunker". *BBC News*. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
9. "Chaired Bard Robat Powell: How can one learn a language?". *Parallel.cymru*. 24 July 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
10. Lady Olwen Carey Evans; Mary Garner (1 January 1985). *Lloyd George was My Father: The Autobiography of Lady Olwen Carey Evans*. Gomer Press. ISBN 978-0-86383-112-6.
11. "Y gantores Eirlys Parri wedi marw yn 74 oed". *Newyddion S4C* (in Welsh). 30 June 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
12. "Helfa Drysor". UKGameshows. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
13. Peter Shuttleworth (17 November 2017). "Fireman Sam at 30: Prince George's favourite cartoon celebrates". *BBC*. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
14. "World Cup 1986". *Internationals on ITV 1984-present*. ITV Football 1968–83. 13 October 2012. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
15. McCallum, Andrew; Reynolds, Jim (11 September 1985). "Manager Stein dies at match". *The Herald*. Herald & Times Group. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
16. Martin Shipton (24 December 2017). "Blogger threatened with £143k bill if he uploads iconic Welsh history TV series to YouTube". *WalesOnline*. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
17. "BBC Wales Sport Personality winners". *BBC Sport*. 10 December 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
18. "Elen Evans". *Eurosport*. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
19. "David Davies". *British Swimming (archived)*. Archived from the original on 26 September 2008. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
20. "Gareth Rees profile". *ESPN*. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
21. "Lawn Bowls | Athlete Profile: Laura DANIELS - Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games". *results.gc2018.com*. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
22. Richard Duffy at National-Football-Teams.com
23. "Alun Wyn Jones, rugby player". *BBC Wales*. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
24. Nicola DaviesUEFA competition record (archive)
25. "Claire Jones". *Green Spring Music*. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
26. "Lord Harlech killed in crash". *Shropshire Star*. 26 January 1985. p. 1.
27. Johns-Davies, Jayne Marilyn (2006). *Rae Jenkins FRAM, MBE: the life story of Welsh conductor and musician 1903 to 1985*. p. 28.
28. Morgan, Derec Llwyd (1991), *Kate Roberts*. Writers of Wales series. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-1115-6. An introduction to her work in English.
29. Who was Who: A Companion to Who's Who, 1981-1990, A. & C. Black, p. 747
30. Derec Llwyd Morgan. "Parry, Sir Thomas (1904-1985), scholar, Librarian of the National Library of Wales, University Principal, poet". *Dictionary of Welsh Biography*. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
31. John Graham Jones. "Hooson, Tom Ellis (1933-1985), Conservative politician". *Dictionary of Welsh Biography*. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
32. T. Robin Chapman. "Lewis, John Saunders (1893-1985), politician, critic and dramatist". *Dictionary of Welsh Biography*. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
33. Slesin, Suzanne (18 September 1985). "Laura Ashley, British Designer, Is Dead at 60". *The New York Times*. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
34. R. McHenry; Daphne Daume; J.E. Davis (April 1986). *Britannica book of the year: 1986*. Encyclopaedia Britannica. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-85229-437-6.
35. Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments in Wales (1976). *An Inventory of the Ancient Monuments in Glamorgan: pt. 1. pt. a. The early castles from the Norman Conquest to 1217*. H.M.S.D. p. x. ISBN 978-0-11-300035-7.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Centuries: |  |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: | List of years in Wales<br>Timeline of Welsh history 1985 in The United Kingdom England Scotland Elsewhere |


title: Eskimo words for snow

abstract: The claim that Eskimo words for snow are unusually numerous, particularly in contrast to English, is a cliché commonly used to support the controversial linguistic relativity hypothesis. In linguistic terminology, the relevant languages are the Eskimo–Aleut languages, specifically the Yupik and Inuit varieties. The strongest interpretation of the linguistic relativity hypothesis, also known as the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis or "Whorfianism", posits that a language's vocabulary shapes or limits its speakers' view of the world. This interpretation is widely criticized by linguists, though a 2010 study supports the core notion that the Yupik and Inuit languages have many more root words for snow than the English language. The original claim is loosely based in the work of anthropologist Franz Boas and was particularly promoted by his contemporary, Benjamin Lee Whorf, whose name is connected with the hypothesis. The idea is commonly tied to larger discussions on the connections between language and thought.

text:
# Eskimo words for snow

The claim that **Eskimo words for snow** are unusually numerous, particularly in contrast to English, is a cliché commonly used to support the controversial linguistic relativity hypothesis. In linguistic terminology, the relevant languages are the Eskimo–Aleut languages, specifically the Yupik and Inuit varieties.

The strongest interpretation of the linguistic relativity hypothesis, also known as the SapirWhorf hypothesis or "Whorfianism", posits that a language's vocabulary (among other features) shapes or limits its speakers' view of the world. This interpretation is widely criticized by linguists, though a 2010 study supports the core notion that the Yupik and Inuit languages have many more root words for *snow* than the English language. The original claim is loosely based in the work of anthropologist Franz Boas and was particularly promoted by his contemporary, Benjamin Lee Whorf, whose name is connected with the hypothesis. The idea is commonly tied to larger discussions on the connections between language and thought.

## Overview

Franz Boas did not make quantitative claims but rather pointed out that the Eskaleut languages have about the same number of distinct word roots referring to *snow* as English does, with the structure of these languages tending to allow more variety as to how those roots can be modified in forming a single word. A good deal of the ongoing debate thus depends on how one defines "word", and perhaps even "word root".

The first re-evaluation of the claim was by linguist Laura Martin in 1986, who traced the history of the claim and argued that its prevalence had diverted attention from serious research into linguistic relativity. A subsequent influential and humorous, and polemical, essay by Geoffrey K. Pullum repeated Martin's critique, calling the process by which the so-called "myth" was created the "Great Eskimo Vocabulary Hoax". Pullum argued that the fact that the number of word roots for snow is about equally large in Eskimoan languages and English indicates that there exists no difference in the size of their respective vocabularies to define snow. Other specialists in the matter of Eskimoan languages and Eskimoan knowledge of snow and especially sea ice argue against this notion and defend Boas's original fieldwork amongst the Inuit, at the time known as Eskimo, of Baffin Island.

Languages in the Inuit and Yupik language groups add suffixes to words to express the same concepts expressed in English and many other languages by means of compound words, phrases, and even entire sentences. One can create a practically unlimited number of new words in the Eskimoan languages on any topic, not just snow, and these same concepts can be expressed in other languages using combinations of words. In general and especially in this case, it is not necessarily meaningful to compare the number of words between languages that create words in different ways due to different grammatical structures.

On the other hand, some anthropologists have argued that Boas, who lived among Baffin islanders and learned their language, did in fact take account of the polysynthetic nature of Inuit language and included "only words representing meaningful distinctions" in his account. Igor Krupnik, an anthropologist at the Smithsonian Arctic Studies Center in Washington, supports Boas's work but notes that Boas was careful to include only words representing meaningful distinctions. Krupnik and others charted the vocabulary of about 10 Inuit and Yupik dialects and concluded that they indeed have many more words for snow than English does. Central Siberian Yupik has 40 terms. In Nunavimmiutitut, the Inuktitut dialect spoken in Canada's Nunavik region has at least 53, including *matsaaruti*, for wet snow that can be used to ice a sleigh's runners, and *pukak*, for crystalline powder snow that looks like salt. Within these dialects, the vocabulary associated with sea ice is even richer. In the Iñupiaq language of Wales, Alaska, Krupnik documented 70 terms for ice including: *utuqaq*, ice that lasts year after year; *siguliaksraq*, a patchwork layer of crystals that form as the sea begins to freeze; and *auniq*, ice that is filled with holes. Similarly, the Sámi peoples, who live in the northern tips of Scandinavia and Russia, use at least 180 words related to snow and ice, according to Ole Henrik Magga, a linguist in Norway. Unlike Inuit dialects, Sámi languages are not polysynthetic, making it easier to distinguish words.

Studies of the Sami languages of Norway, Sweden and Finland, conclude that the languages have anywhere from 180 snow- and ice-related words and as many as 300 different words for types of snow, tracks in snow, and conditions of the use of snow.

## Origins and significance

The first reference to Inuit having multiple words for snow is in the introduction to *Handbook of American Indian languages* (1911) by linguist and anthropologist Franz Boas. He says:

> To take again the example of English, we find that the idea of WATER is expressed in a great variety of forms: one term serves to express water as a LIQUID; another one, water in the form of a large expanse (LAKE); others, water as running in a large body or in a small body (RIVER and BROOK); still other terms express water in the form of RAIN, DEW, WAVE, and FOAM. It is perfectly conceivable that this variety of ideas, each of which is expressed by a single independent term in English, might be expressed in other languages by derivations from the same term. Another example of the same kind, the words for SNOW in Eskimo, may be given. Here we find one word, *aput*, expressing SNOW ON THE GROUND; another one, *qana*, FALLING SNOW; a third one, *piqsirpoq*, DRIFTING SNOW; and a fourth one, *qimuqsuq*, A SNOWDRIFT.

The essential morphological question is why a language would say, for example, "lake", "river", and "brook" instead of something like "waterplace", "waterfast", and "waterslow". English has many snow-related words, but Boas's intent may have been to connect differences in culture with differences in language.

The hypothesis of linguistic relativity put forth by Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf, holds that the language we speak both affects and reflects our view of the world. This idea is also reflected in the concept behind general semantics. In a popular 1940 article on the subject, Whorf referred to Eskimo languages having several words for snow:

> We \[English speakers\] have the same word for falling snow, snow on the ground, snow hard packed like ice, slushy snow, wind-driven snow – whatever the situation may be. To an Eskimo, this all-inclusive word would be almost unthinkable....

Later writers, prominently Roger Brown in his *Words and Things: An Introduction to Language* and Carol Eastman in her *Aspects of Language and Culture*, inflated the figure in sensationalized stories: by 1978, the number quoted had reached fifty, and on February 9, 1984, an unsigned editorial in *The New York Times* gave the number as one hundred. However, the linguist Geoffrey K. Pullum contends that Inuit and other related dialects do not possess an extraordinarily large number of terms for snow.

## Inuit word roots

Three distinct word roots with the meaning *snow* are reconstructed for the Proto-Eskimoan language: **qaniɣ* 'falling snow', **aniɣu* 'fallen snow', and **apun* 'snow on the ground'. These three stems are found in all Inuit languages and dialects—except for West Greenlandic, the main dialect of the Greenlandic language, which lacks **aniɣu*. The Alaskan Yup'ik and Siberian Yupik people (among others) however, are not Inuit or Iñupiat, nor are their languages Inuit or Iñupiaq, but all are classifiable as Eskimos, lending further ambiguity to the "Eskimo words for snow" debate.

* *50 Words for Snow* (album) – 2011 studio album by Kate Bush
* Snowclone – Neologism for a type of cliché and phrasal template

## Further reading

* Martin, Laura (1986). "Eskimo Words for Snow: A case study in the genesis and decay of an anthropological example". *American Anthropologist* 88 (2), 418–23.  Archived 2012-06-29 at the Wayback Machine
* Pullum, Geoffrey K. (1991). *The Great Eskimo Vocabulary Hoax and other Irreverent Essays on the Study of Language*. University of Chicago Press.
* Spencer, Andrew (1991). *Morphological theory*. Blackwell Publishers Inc. p. 38. ISBN 0-631-16144-9.
* Kaplan, Larry (2003). *Inuit Snow Terms: How Many and What Does It Mean?*. In: Building Capacity in Arctic Societies: Dynamics and shifting perspectives. Proceedings from the 2nd IPSSAS Seminar. Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada: May 26-June 6, 2003, ed. by François Trudel. Montreal: CIÉRA—Faculté des sciences sociales Université Laval.
* Cichocki, Piotr and Marcin Kilarski (2010). "On 'Eskimo Words for Snow': The life cycle of a linguistic misconception". *Historiographia Linguistica* 37 (3), 341–377.
* Kilarski, Marcin (2021). "Eskimo words for snow". *A History of the Study of the Indigenous Languages of North America*. Studies in the History of the Language Sciences. Vol. 129. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. pp. 275–322. doi:10.1075/sihols.129. ISBN 978-90-272-1049-4. S2CID 244025983.
* Krupnik, Igor; Müller-Wille, Ludger (2010), "Franz Boas and Inuktitut Terminology for Ice and Snow: From the Emergence of the Field to the "Great Eskimo Vocabulary Hoax"", in Krupnik, Igor; Aporta, Claudio; Gearheard, Shari; Laidler, Gita J.; Holm, Lene Kielsen (eds.), *SIKU: Knowing Our Ice: Documenting Inuit Sea Ice Knowledge and Use*, Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media, pp. 377–99, ISBN 9789048185870
* Robson, David (2012). *Are there really 50 Eskimo words for snow?*, *New Scientist* no. 2896, 72–73.
* Weyapuk, Winton Jr, et al. (2012). *Kiŋikmi Sigum Qanuq Ilitaavut* \[*Wales Inupiaq Sea Ice Dictionary*\]. Washington DC: Arctic Studies Center Smithsonian.


title: 2008 Milan–San Remo

abstract: The 2008 Milan–San Remo cycling race took place on March 22, 2008, and was won by Fabian Cancellara. It was the 99th edition of the Milan–San Remo monument classic. It was three kilometres longer than 2007, at 298 km, following the addition of the Le Mànie climb, which was due to roadworks along the previously planned route. The race concluded on Lungomare Italo Calvino and not on the traditional Via Roma due to construction and the Easter weekend. Last year's winner Óscar Freire was the favourite with bookmakers, following his recent double stage victory at the Tirreno–Adriatico.

text:
# 2008 Milan–San Remo

The **2008 Milan–San Remo** cycling race took place on March 22, 2008, and was won by Fabian Cancellara. It was the 99th edition of the Milan–San Remo monument classic. It was three kilometres longer than 2007, at 298 km, following the addition of the Le Mànie climb, which was due to roadworks along the previously planned route. The race concluded on Lungomare Italo Calvino and not on the traditional Via Roma due to construction and the Easter weekend.

Last year's winner Óscar Freire was the favourite with bookmakers, following his recent double stage victory at the Tirreno–Adriatico.

## Results

|  | Cyclist | Team | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1** | Fabian Cancellara (SUI) | Team CSC | 7h 14' 35" |
| **2** | Filippo Pozzato (ITA) | Liquigas | +4" |
| **3** | Philippe Gilbert (BEL) | Française des Jeux | s.t. |
| **4** | Davide Rebellin (ITA) | Gerolsteiner | s.t. |
| **5** | Mirco Lorenzetto (ITA) | Lampre | s.t. |
| **6** | Anthony Geslin (FRA) | Bouygues Télécom | s.t. |
| **7** | Rinaldo Nocentini (ITA) | Ag2r–La Mondiale | s.t. |
| **8** | Óscar Freire (ESP) | Rabobank | +5" |
| **9** | Thor Hushovd (NOR) | Crédit Agricole | s.t. |
| **10** | Kurt Asle Arvesen (NOR) | Team CSC | s.t. |

## InfoBox

| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | March 22, 2008 |
| Stages | 1 |
| Distance | 298 km (185.2 mi) |
| Winning time | 7h 14' 35" |
| Results | |
| Winner  Fabian Cancellara (SUI)  (Team CSC)  Second  Filippo Pozzato (ITA)  (Liquigas)  Third  Philippe Gilbert (BEL)  (Française des Jeux) | |
|


title: Eucalantica pumila

abstract: Eucalantica pumila is a moth in the family Yponomeutidae. It is found in Costa Rica. The length of the forewings is about 5.8 mm.

text:
# Eucalantica pumila

***Eucalantica pumila*** is a moth in the family Yponomeutidae. It is found in Costa Rica (Heredia, Barva Volcano).

The length of the forewings is about 5.8 mm.

## Etymology

The specific epithet is derived from the Latin *pumilus* (meaning little) and refers to its small size relative to other *Eucalantica* species.

## InfoBox

| *Eucalantica pumila* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Male | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Yponomeutidae |
| Genus: | *Eucalantica* |
| Species: | ***E. pumila*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eucalantica pumila***<br>Sohn, 2011 | |
|


title: Aristaea

abstract: Aristaea is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.

text:
# Aristaea

***Aristaea*** is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Aristaea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Aristaea pavoniella* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gracillariidae |
| Subfamily: | Gracillariinae |
| Genus: | *Aristaea*<br>Meyrick, 1907 |
|
| Species | |
| See text | |


title: Enrique Larrinaga

abstract: Enrique Larrinaga Esnal was a Spanish footballer from Sestao in the Basque Country who played as a midfielder.

text:
# Enrique Larrinaga

**Enrique Larrinaga Esnal** (Basque: \[enˈrike lariˈnaɣa ezˈnal\]; 20 June 1910 – 8 May 1993) was a Spanish footballer from Sestao in the Basque Country who played as a midfielder.

## Personal life

Larrinaga was born in Sestao in the Basque Country in 1910, but at the age of seven he moved with his family to Basauri. In 1939 he settled in Mexico, where he married Yolanda Aspiazu Suarez with whom he adopted a son called José Manuel.

## Football career

Larrinaga started his playing career at Basconia, where he played two seasons, before moving to Racing Santander for the inaugural season of La Liga in 1928. He usually played as a left midfielder. While at Racing the team's greatest success was coming runners up in the 1930/31 season in La Liga.

With the out-break of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 the national football leagues in Spain were put on hold. In the Basque Country a national team was selected to travel abroad to raise money to look after refugees fleeing the civil war and also to let the world know that there was a Basque government trying to resist the attack of the fascist rebels. Larrinaga was selected for this team. First they toured Europe, playing in France, Czechoslovakia, Poland, the Soviet Union, Norway and Denmark. They had great success but in the summer of 1937 the Basque Country was captured by the fascist army and so the team had to make a choice. Two players returned to Spain, but the rest decided to stick together and travel to Mexico to continue the tour there.

Due to the ongoing civil war in Spain FIFA decided in 1938 to prohibit any FIFA affiliated teams from playing the Basque National team, insisting that the players could only continue to play together as a team if they joined a league. As they all still wanted to stay together the team became a club called Club Deportivo Euzkadi that participated in the Primera Fuerza league in Mexico during the 1938/39 season. At the end of that year the members of the team decided to go their separate ways, and so Larrinaga joined a Mexican side called Club Asturias along with two others from the Basque team. In 1942 he made his final move as a player when he joined another Mexican team called Club España.

## Other work

After retiring from football he worked for two companies called Homeopática Intregral and Corvamex.

## InfoBox

Enrique Larrinaga
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Enrique Larrinaga Esnal | | |
| Date of birth | (1910-06-20)20 June 1910 | | |
| Place of birth | Sestao, Spain | | |
| Date of death | 8 May 1993(1993-05-08) (aged 82) | | |
| Place of death | Mexico City, Mexico | | |
| Position(s) | Left midfield | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1927–1928 | CD Basconia |  |  |
| 1928–1936 | Racing Santander | 136 | (89) |
| 1938–1939 | Club Deportivo Euzkadi |  |  |
| 1939–1942 | Club Asturias |  |  |
| 1942–1945 | Club España |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1933 | Spain | 1 | (1) |
| 1937–1938 | Basque Country | 33 |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: 1998 Prokom Polish Open

abstract: The 1998 Prokom Polish Open was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Sopot, Poland that was part of the Tier IV category of the 1998 WTA Tour. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from 27 July until 2 August 1998. First-seeded Henrieta Nagyová won the singles title and earned $17,700 first-prize money.

text:
# 1998 Prokom Polish Open

The **1998 Prokom Polish Open** was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Sopot, Poland that was part of the Tier IV category of the 1998 WTA Tour. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from 27 July until 2 August 1998. First-seeded Henrieta Nagyová won the singles title and earned $17,700 first-prize money.

## Finals

### Singles

Henrieta Nagyová defeated  Elena Wagner 6–3, 5–7, 6–1

* It was Nagyová's 1st title of the year and the 4th of her career.

### Doubles

Květa Hrdličková /  Helena Vildová defeated  Åsa Carlsson /  Seda Noorlander 6–3, 6–2

* It was Hrdličková's 2nd title of the year and the 2nd of her career. It was Vildova's only title of the year and the 3rd of her career.

## InfoBox

| 1998 Prokom Polish Open | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 27 July – 2 August |
| Edition | 1st |
| Category | Tier IV |
| Draw | 32S / 16D |
| Prize money | 107,500 |
| Surface | Clay / outdoor |
| Location | Sopot, Poland |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Henrieta Nagyová | |
| Doubles | |
| Květa Hrdličková /  Helena Vildová | |
|  | |


title: Ayodele Awojobi

abstract:
Ayodele Oluwatumininu Awojobi, also known by the nicknames "Dead Easy",
"The Akoka Giant", and "Macbeth", was a Nigerian academic, author, inventor, social crusader and activist.
He was considered a scholarly genius by his teachers and peers alike. His research papers, particularly in the field of vibration, are still cited by international research fellows in Engineering as lately as the year 2020, and are archived by such publishers as the Royal Society.

text:
# Ayodele Awojobi

**Ayodele Oluwatumininu Awojobi** (12 March 1937 – 23 September 1984), also known by the nicknames "Dead Easy", "The Akoka Giant", and "Macbeth", was a Nigerian academic, author, inventor, social crusader and activist. He was considered a scholarly genius by his teachers and peers alike.

His research papers, particularly in the field of vibration, are still cited by international research fellows in Engineering as lately as the year 2020, and are archived by such publishers as the Royal Society.

## Early life

Born in Oshodi, Lagos State, Awojobi's father, Chief Daniel Adekoya Awojobi, was a stationmaster at the Nigerian Railway Corporation who hailed from Ikorodu in Lagos State. His mother, Comfort Bamidele Awojobi (née Adetunji), was a petty trader who hailed from Modakeke, Ile-Ife, Osun State. Between 1942 and 1947, he attended St. Peter's Primary School, Faji, Lagos.

It was while at his secondary school, the CMS Grammar School, Lagos, that his academic traits began to manifest. Not only was he seen to be gifted in mathematics and the sciences, he was comfortable also in the arts, becoming a member of the school's literary and debating society. It was during this period that he earned the nickname, "Macbeth": William Shakespeare's famous play, Macbeth, was to be staged in the school. The lead actor took ill a week before, and so Ayodele was called upon to play the lead role in his stead. It is said that not only did Ayodele master his lines as lead actor, but also the entire play, such that he was able to prompt the cast whenever they forgot their lines.

## Academic achievements

**Ayodele Oluwatumininu Awojobi** was a straight-A's secondary school student, while at the CMS Grammar school, passing his West African School Certificate examinations with a record eight distinctions in 1955. He proceeded to the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology, Ibadan, for his General Certificate of Examinations, GCE (Advanced Level), where in 1958 he sat for, and obtained distinctions in all his papers: Physics, Pure Mathematics and Applied Mathematics. In 1962 Awojobi was awarded his first degree in mechanical engineering – a BSc (Eng) London, with first class honours, at the then Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology, Zaria (now Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria). He had studied there on a federal government scholarship won on the merit of his performance in the GCE (Advanced-level) examinations of 1958.

It was said by Akintola Ajai (himself an engineering graduate of the University of London), that when Awojobi arrived at the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology, Zaria, he boasted openly saying that it was his intention to finish the whole course within a period of three years only; an impracticable feat due to the fact that nowhere was the BSc Mechanical Engineering curriculum designed to run less than four years. Ayodele accomplished it in three years just as he had predicted.

The federal government awarded Awojobi another scholarship in 1962 to study further at the post-graduate level in the field of Mechanical Engineering at the Imperial College of the University of London (now Imperial College London). He completed the course, successfully defending his thesis, and was awarded a PhD in mechanical engineering in 1966.

### Landmark degree award

After a period teaching at the University of Lagos, he returned to the Imperial College London for a research study in the field of Vibration, and was awarded the degree of Doctor of Science, DSc. He was the first African to be awarded the Doctor of Science degree in mechanical engineering, at the Imperial College London.

The first university to admit an individual to this degree was the University of London in 1860.

## Educator

On his return from England in 1966 Awojobi enrolled as a lecturer in the Faculty of Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka. His teaching methods endeared him to his engineering students, whose public chants: "Dead easy... Dead easy...", would often be heard shouted in his direction as he went along the campus grounds. He quickly rose in the ranks among his colleagues and would later become the head of department, Mechanical Engineering, University of Lagos.

Awojobi went back to London to study for his doctorate. He returned in 1974 and was made an associate professor in mechanical engineering at the University of Lagos. However, one week after having been appointed associate professor, the University of Lagos Senate, after receiving news that Awojobi had just been awarded the degree of Doctor of Science (DSc), immediately appointed him professor in mechanical engineering, making him the youngest professor in the Faculty of Engineering, University of Lagos and the first ever to be expressly promoted from associate to full professorship within a week.

By nature, Ayodele Awojobi was a teacher. He imparted knowledge at various other levels, even as he contended with his day job as a full-time professor and university lecturer. He envisaged his country as a whole becoming more advanced, technologically – this was exemplified when he refused lucrative offers from commercial outfits for his *Autonov 1* invention, he rather preferring to preserve his design for his country's future benefit.

He engaged with great educators of his, and earlier generations, such as the late nationalist and Yoruba leader, Obafemi Awolowo (who forwarded several of Ayodele's educational books), the late activist, social crusader and educator, Tai Solarin, and the once Lagos State governor, Lateef Kayode Jakande, who achieved free education at all educational levels in Lagos State, Nigeria. Jakande believed in Awolowo's visionary ideas about the way forward for the nation, particularly in Awolowo's resounding theme of qualitative and quantitative education across the nation, free of over-bearing school fees.

Ayodele Awojobi became, at one time, the chairman, Lagos State School's Management Board, out of his concern for ways to better improve the problems inherent in secondary school education in Lagos State, Nigeria. He desired that all his children go to public schools. The older ones all did. Such was his vision and hope that the country would some day attain equitable distribution in the quality of education cutting across different social strata. He authored several books for both the secondary and tertiary levels of education in Nigeria.

His natural propensity to inform, to educate, drove him to become, in the early 1970s, a quiz-master on national television. The quiz-show, *Mastermind*, consisted of weekly contestants taking turns in isolation on "the hot-seat", whereupon various categories of questions would be thrown at them. Otunba Gbenga Daniel, former governor of Ogun State, Nigeria, was a returning winner and champion on *Mastermind* for several episodes over; he being in his undergraduate years at the time.

## Inventor

While as a lecturer at the University of Lagos, Awojobi successfully converted his own family car, an *Opel Olympia Rekord*, from a right-hand drive to a left-hand drive.

He tinkered further with motor engines when he acquired an army-type jeep and proceeded to invent a second steering-wheel mechanism adjoined to the pre-existing engine at the rear end so that the vehicle could move forward and backwards with all four pre-existing gears. This gave the hybrid vehicle, which he christened *Autonov 1*, the ability to achieve its highest speeds at a moment's notice, in the normal reverse direction. He highlighted the advantage this might offer to army vehicles, as an example, that might need to make a fast retreat, in a cul-de-sac or ambush situation.

## Activist

Ayodele Awojobi, in the wake of the presidential election results that returned the incumbent, Shehu Shagari as president in the Second Nigerian Republic, became very vocal in the national newspapers and magazines, going as far as suing the Federal Government of Nigeria for what he strongly believed was a widespread election rigging. With all his court cases against the Nigerian government thrown out of court, he delved into the law books, himself being only a mechanical engineer, claiming that he would earn his law degrees in record time, to enable him better argue with the opposition at the federal courts. He used the universities as a bastion, going from campus to campus to make speeches at student-rallies, hoping to sensitise them to what he perceived as the ills of a corrupt government. Ayodele Awojobi authored several political books over the course of his ideological struggles against a perceived, corrupt federal government. These books were usually made available during his public rallies or symposiums.

## Political ambition

Any intention Ayodele Awojobi ever had of entering partisan politics, was revealed by the man himself when he spoke on national television, saying: "At the age of 65, I will have built the infrastructure. There would be very few illiterates in Nigeria when I mount the soapbox. Then, I will go into proper politics". However this ambition was never realised as he died at the age of 47 in 1984.

## Death

Ayodele Awojobi died in the morning of Sunday, 23 September 1984, at the age of 47. His death made headline news in most of the national newspapers for days following and he was laid to rest at Ikorodu Cemetery, Lagos. He was survived by his wife, Mrs Iyabode Mabel Awojobi (née Odetunde), and children.

## Tribute

Usually every year till date, a tribute or two in Ayodele's honour would be published in the form of an article in a national newspaper, such as the one published by *The Nation* on 5 November 2009, entitled "Tribute to Ayodele Awojobi". In October 2009, the governor of Lagos State Babatunde Fashola dedicated a statue of Awojobi at Onike Roundabout, Yaba, Lagos, in a garden named after him. On 23 September 2010, Birrel Street – a prominent street in Yaba Local Government Council Area – was renamed "Prof. Ayodele Awojobi Avenue", a further tribute to Awojobi's memory.

## List of publications

### Research

* *Vibration of rigid bodies on semi-infinite elastic media* – A. O. Awojobi, P. Grootenhuis, 1965
* *Plane strain and axially symmetric problems of a linearly non-homogeneous elastic half-space* – A. O. Awojobi, R. E. Gibson, 1973
* *Vibration of rigid bodies on non-homogeneous semi-infinite elastic media* – A. O. Awojobi, 1973
* *Torsional vibration of a rigid circular body on an infinite elastic stratum* – A. O. Awojobi, 1969
* *Torsional vibration of a rigid circular body on a non-homogeneous elastic stratum* – A. O. Awojobi, 1973
* *Vertical vibration of rigid bodies with rectangular bases on elastic media* – A. O. Awojobi, P. H. Tabiowo
* *Factors in the design of ultrasonic probes* – W. M. R. Smith, A. O. Awojobi, 1979
* *Determination of the dynamic shear modulus and the depth of the dominant layer of a vibrating elastic medium* – A. O. Awojobi, 1970
* *Ground vibrations due to seismic detonation in oil exploration* – A. O. Awojobi, O. A. Sobayo, 1974
* *Vertical vibrations of a rigid circular body on a non-homogeneous half-space interrupted by a frictionless plane* – A. O. Awojobi

### Educational

* *Technical Drawing for Secondary Schools*. A. O. Awojobi
* *325 Worked Examples in Intermediate Mechanics*. A. O. Awojobi
* *Notes and Worked Examples in Physics*. A. O. Awojobi
* *Engineering Drawing*. A. O. Awojobi

### Political

* Ayodele Awojobi (1976). *Nigeria in search of a social order*. Nigerian Institute of International Affairs. OL 13795568M. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
* Ayodele Awojobi (1980). *Nigeria today*. J. West Publications. ISBN 978-978-163-008-8.
* Ayodele Awojobi (1981). *Nigeria in search of a political order*. J. West Publications. ISBN 978-978-163-013-2.
* Ayodele Awojobi (1982). *Where our oil money has gone*. OL 3210331M.

## InfoBox

| Ayodele Awojobi | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1937-03-12)12 March 1937<br>Oshodi, Lagos State, Nigeria |
| Died | 23 September 1984(1984-09-23) (aged 47) |
| Alma mater | Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology, Ibadan. |
| Occupation(s) | Mechanical engineer, social activist, author, academic |


title: 2002–03 Maltese FA Trophy

abstract: The 2002–03 Maltese FA Trophy was the 65th season since its establishment. The competition started on 2 November 2002 and ended on 22 May 2003 with the final, which Birkirkara won 1-0 against Sliema Wanderers.

text:
# 2002–03 Maltese FA Trophy

The **2002–03 Maltese FA Trophy** was the 65th season since its establishment. The competition started on 2 November 2002 and ended on 22 May 2003 with the final, which Birkirkara won 1-0 against Sliema Wanderers.

## First round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2 November 2002** | | |
| Gozo | 1–2 | **Mosta** |
| Hamrun Spartans | 0–3 | **Msida St. Joseph** |
| **9 November 2002** | | |
| **Pietà Hotspurs** | 4–1 | Lija Athletic |
| Rabat Ajax | 1–6 | **Floriana** |
| **16 November 2002** | | |
| Balzan Youths | 0–4 | **Mqabba** |
| Xghajra Tornadoes | 0–1 | **Naxxar Lions** |
| **23 November 2002** | | |
| St. Patrick | 2–3 | **Marsa** |
| **Marsaxlokk** | 2–0 | Senglea Athletic |

## Second round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **8 February 2003** | | |
| Msida St. Joseph | 2–4 | **Marsaxlokk** |
| Marsa | 3–4 | **Pietà Hotspurs** |
| **9 February 2003** | | |
| **Floriana** | 5–0 | Naxxar Lions |
| Mqabba | 1–2 (a.e.t.) | **Mosta** |

## Quarter-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **21 March 2003** | | |
| Mosta | 0–5 | **Birkirkara** |
| **Sliema Wanderers** | 2–1 (a.e.t.) | Pietà Hotspurs |
| **22 March 2003** | | |
| Valletta | 0–1 | **Hibernians** |
| **Floriana** | 2–0 (a.e.t.) | Marsaxlokk |

## Semi-finals

| 18 May 2003 | Floriana | **1–4** | **Birkirkara** | Ta' Qali |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Mifsud Triganza  88' | Report | Calascione  26', 67', 79'
Galea  50' | Stadium: Ta' Qali National Stadium
Referee: Lorry Sammut |

| 18 May 2003 | **Sliema Wanderers** | **5–2** (a.e.t.) | Hibernians | Ta' Qali |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Dončić  24', 71', 110', 116'
Anonam  118' | Report | Mbong  47'
Paiber  88' (pen.) | Stadium: Ta' Qali National Stadium
Referee: Joe Attard |

## Final

| Birkirkara | 1–0 | Sliema Wanderers |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Galea  90+3' | Report |  |

Ta' Qali National Stadium, Ta' QaliReferee: Charles Agius

## InfoBox

2002–03 Maltese FA Trophy
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Malta |
| Defending champions | Birkirkara |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Birkirkara (2nd title) |
| Runner-up | Sliema Wanderers |
|  | |


title: Emilia Saleny

abstract: Josefina Emilia Saleny was an Argentine film director, actress, and teacher.

text:
# Emilia Saleny

**Josefina Emilia Saleny** (16 October 1894 – 22 August 1978) was an Argentine film director, actress, and teacher.

## Biography

Emilia Saleny was born in Buenos Aires on 16 October 1894, the daughter of Antonio Saleny and Italian actress Victoria Pieri. Her uncles were also Italian actors. She traveled to Italy in 1910 to study acting, and returned to Buenos Aires at the outbreak of World War I in 1914.

She worked as an actress at the Teatro Apolo in 1915. She also founded an academy for film acting, which was described as the most serious and reliable of all those in Buenos Aires by critics of the film magazine *La Película*.

In 1917, Saleny directed the silent films *Paseo trágico* and *La niña del bosque*. The latter was aimed at children, and starred students from her academy, including 11-year-old Titi Garimaldi. With these, she became one of Argentina's first women film directors. She has been cited as the forerunner of filmmakers such as María B. de Celestini and Vlasta Lah.

She directed *El pañuelo de Clarita* in 1919, from a screenplay by Bautista Amé, which was shown in Buenos Aires and Ingeniero Luiggi. She may have also directed *Delfina* in 1917 and *Luchas en la vida* in 1919, though her exact role in the productions is unclear.

As an actress, she appeared in the now-lost film *El evadido de Ushuaia*, directed by Luis Ramassotto, produced by Cóndor Film, and released on 27 December 1916. The same year, she acted in *América*, directed by Federico Mertens, and the following year, *Problemas del corazón*. She was artistic director of the 1920 play *Cantos rodados* by Francisco Imhoff.

Emilia Saleny died at her home in Buenos Aires on 22 August 1978.

## Filmography

### As director

### As actress

* 1916: *El evadido de Ushuaia*
* 1917: *América*
* 1917: *Problemas del corazón*

1. Fradinger, Moira (2014). "Huellas de archivo al rescate de una pionera del cine sudamericano. Josefina Emilia Saleny (1894–1978)" \[Archival Traces to the Rescue of a Pioneer of South American Cinema: Josefina Emilia Saleny (1894–1978)\]. *Cinémas d'amérique latine* (in Spanish and French) (22): 12–23. doi:10.4000/cinelatino.731. Retrieved 2 August 2023  via OpenEdition Journals.
2. Levinson, Andrés. *Cine en el país del viento* \[*Cinema in the Land of the Wind*\]. p. 13. Retrieved 2 August 2023  via Academia.edu. Emilia Saleny poco tiempo después dirigió dos films: *La niña del bosque* (1917) y *El pañuelo de Clarita* (1919), ambos films actualmente perdidos.
3. Pascal, Ana (August 2017). "En busca del cine perdido. Un diálogo con Lucio Mafud" \[In Search of Lost Cinema: A Dialogue with Lucio Mafud\] (PDF). *Arkadin* (in Spanish) (6). National University of La Plata: 162. ISSN 2525-085X. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
4. Batalla, Juan (24 January 2018). "Directoras de cine argentinas, el prestigio y la vanguardia de la industria" \[Argentine Women Film Directors, the Prestige and Vanguard of the Industry\]. *Infobae* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 August 2023.
5. Levinson, Andrés. *Cine en el país del viento* \[*Cinema in the Land of the Wind*\]. p. 13. Retrieved 2 August 2023  via Academia.edu. En 1916 se estrena *El evadido de Ushuaia* de Luís Ramassotto con el propio Ramassotto, Emilia Saleny y Pepita Muñoz. Producida por Cóndor film – primero de muchos comercios filmadores de Ramassotto – se estrenó en el cine Callao en 27 de diciembre.

## InfoBox

| Emilia Saleny | |
| --- | --- |
| In the magazine *Caras y Caretas* in 1915 | |
| Born | Josefina Emilia Saleny
(1894-10-16)16 October 1894
Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Died | 22 August 1978(1978-08-22) (aged 83)
Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Occupation(s) | Film director, actress, teacher |
| Spouse | Alberto Olivero |


title: Atrilinea

abstract: Atrilinea is a genus of cyprinid fishes that contains only three species, all of which are endemic to China.

text:
# Atrilinea

***Atrilinea*** is a genus of cyprinid fishes that contains only three species, all of which are endemic to China.

## Species

* Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus *Atrilinea*". *FishBase*. August 2011 version.

## InfoBox

| *Atrilinea* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Genus: | *Atrilinea*
Y. T. Chu, 1935 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Barilius chenchiwei*
Chu, 1931 | |


title: 2007 Senior Open Championship

abstract: The 2007 Senior Open Championship, for sponsorship reasons named The Senior Open Championship presented by Aberdeen Asset Management, was a senior major golf championship and the 21st Senior Open Championship, held from 26 to 29 July at Muirfield in Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland, United Kingdom. It was the first Senior Open Championship played at the course and the fifth Senior Open Championship played as a senior major championship. Tom Watson won by one stroke over Stewart Ginn and Mark O'Meara to win his third Senior British Open title. The 2007 event was Watson's fifth senior major championship victory.

text:
# 2007 Senior Open Championship

The **2007 Senior Open Championship**, for sponsorship reasons named **The Senior Open Championship presented by Aberdeen Asset Management**, was a senior major golf championship and the 21st Senior Open Championship, held from 26 to 29 July at Muirfield in Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland, United Kingdom. It was the first Senior Open Championship played at the course and the fifth Senior Open Championship played as a senior major championship.

Tom Watson won by one stroke over Stewart Ginn and Mark O'Meara to win his third Senior British Open title. The 2007 event was Watson's fifth senior major championship victory.

## Venue

The club based at Muirfield, The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, was founded in 1744, being the oldest golf club in the world. The course, built in 1891 and designed by Old Tom Morris, had previously hosted The Open Championship 15 times, in 1980 won by Tom Watson.

| Hole | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Out | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | In | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Yards | 448 | 351 | 378 | 213 | 560 | 468 | 185 | 443 | 509 | **3,555** | 475 | 389 | 381 | 191 | 448 | 414 | 186 | 546 | 449 | **3,479** | **7,034** |
| Par | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | **36** | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | **35** | **71** |

Source:

## Field

The field of 144 competitors comprised138 professionals and six amateurs.

18-hole stroke play qualifying rounds were held on Monday, 23 July, on three places in Scotland, Craigielaw Golf Club, Dunbar Golf Club and North Berwick Golf Club, for players who were not already exempt. 337 players entered the qualifying competitions and the leading 34 players joined the 110 exempt players for the championship.

77 players made the 36-hole cut, all of them professionals and no amateurs. One of them withdraw after the third round.

### Past champions in the field

Seven past Senior Open champions participated. Five of them made the 36-hole cut; 2003 and 2005 champion Tom Watson (won), 2006 champion Loren Roberts (tied 4th), 1989 and 1993 champion Bob Charles (tied 34th), 2004 champion Pete Oakley (tied 48th) and 1988, 1990 and 1997 champion Gary Player (76th). 1987 champion Neil Coles and 2002 champion Noboru Sugai did not make the cut. The event marked the last appearance in the Senior Open for 72-year-old Coles, 20 years after winning the inaugural championship.

### Past winners and runners-up at The Open Championship in the field

The field included six former winners of The Open Championship. Five of them made the cut; 1975, 1977, 1980, 1982 and 1983 Open champion Tom Watson (won) and 1998 Open champion Mark O'Meara (tied 2nd), 1987, 1990 and 1992 Open champion Nick Faldo (tied 14th),1963 Open champion Bob Charles (tied 34th) and 1959, 1968 and 1974 Open champion Gary Player (76th). 1969 Open champion Tony Jacklin did not make the cut.

The field also included eight former runners-up at The Open Championship; Gordon J. Brand (tied 10th), Tom Kite (tied 10th). Ben Crenshaw (tied 30th), Mark McNulty (tied 34th), Simon Owen (tied 38th), Costantino Rocca (tied 54th), Wayne Grady (missed cut) and Neil Coles (missed cut).

## Final results

*Sunday, 29 July 2007*

| Place | Player | Score | To par | Money () |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Tom Watson** | 70-71-70-73=284 | E | 320,176 |
| T2 | Stewart Ginn | 71-70-69-75=285 | +1 | 166,885 |
| | Mark O'Meara | 72-71-70-72=285 | | |
| T4 | Jay Haas | 70-75-73-70=288 | +4 | 75,585 |
| | Lonnie Nielsen | 69-74-74-71=288 | | |
| | Loren Roberts | 74-72-71-71=288 | | |
| | Eduardo Romero | 70-71-73-74=288 | | |
| 8 | John Ross | 71-72-74-72=289 | +5 | 47,986 |
| 9 | Donnie Hammond | 73-71-71-75=290 | +6 | 43,055 |
| T10 | Gordon J. Brand | 68-73-74-76=291 | +7 | 34,351 |
| | Tom Kite | 70-76-74-71=291 | | |
| | Des Smyth | 70-70-77-74=291 | | |
| | Sam Torrance | 69-75-71-76=291 | | |

Source:

## InfoBox

2007 Senior Open Championship
| Tournament information | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 26–29 July 2007 |
| Location | Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland
56°29′49″N 2°43′01″W / 56.497°N 2.717°W / 56.497; -2.717 |
| Course(s) | Muirfield |
| Organised by | The R&A |
| Tour(s) |  |
| Format | 72 holes stroke play |
| Statistics | |
| Par | 71 |
| Length | 7,034 yd (6,432 m) |
| Field | 144 players, 77 after cut |
| Cut | 151 (+9) |
| Prize fund | US$2,000,000
1,250,000 |
| Winner's share | US$320,176 |
| Champion | |
| Tom Watson | |
| 284 (E) | |
| Location map | |
| MuirfieldLocation in the United KingdomMuirfieldLocation in ScotlandMuirfieldLocation in East Lothian | |
|  | |


title: Eupleura triquetra

abstract: Eupleura triquetra is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

text:
# Eupleura triquetra

***Eupleura triquetra*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.

## InfoBox

| *Eupleura triquetra* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Muricidae |
| Genus: | *Eupleura* |
| Species: | ***E. triquetra*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eupleura triquetra***<br>(Reeve, 1844) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Ranella triquetra* Reeve, 1844 | |


title: Employee of the Month (talk show)

abstract: Employee of the Month is a talk show hosted by Catie Lazarus that features guests with jobs of interest, ranging from television personalities and musicians to comedians and puppeteers. It began as a live show in 2010 and became a podcast in 2012. Lazarus has hosted live tapings at Upright Citizens Brigade Theater in New York City, 92 Y in Los Angeles and The Bell House in Brooklyn. It has been syndicated for airing on Sirius XM Radio. The show is currently performed and taped live at Joe's Pub in New York City monthly. Lazarus hatched the idea for the podcast when she was frustrated with her own attempt at finding a job, which led her to approach successful people to talk about their work and how they had landed their dream jobs.

text:
# Employee of the Month (talk show)

***Employee of the Month*** is a talk show hosted by Catie Lazarus that features guests with jobs of interest, ranging from television personalities and musicians to comedians and puppeteers. It began as a live show in 2010 and became a podcast in 2012. Lazarus has hosted live tapings at Upright Citizens Brigade Theater in New York City, 92 Y in Los Angeles and The Bell House in Brooklyn. It has been syndicated for airing on Sirius XM Radio. The show is currently performed and taped live at Joe's Pub in New York City monthly.

Lazarus hatched the idea for the podcast when she was frustrated with her own attempt at finding a job, which led her to approach successful people to talk about their work and how they had landed their dream jobs.

## Reception

The show has been called "beloved" by *The New York Times*, and "hilarious" and "ambitious" by BlackBook. *The New Yorker* praised the show for its "extremely notable" guests and Lazarus' "decidedly unorthodox" interview style. *New York* featured the show in its "Seriously Funny" section, calling Lazarus "adorable" as she "picks the brains of folks with much cooler jobs than yours".

Gothamist wrote that "Catie Lazarus Is One Of The Finest Live Talk Show Hosts In NYC,"urging its readers to catch Lazarus and her "consistently... incredible guests" at her live show at Joe's Pub in the Village.

## Episodes

## Notable interview subjects

Jon Stewart chose *Employee of the Month* to give his first interview after announcing his decision to retire from the *Daily Show* in February of 2015. Stewart follows many of his *Daily Show* collaborators, including Aasif Mandvi, Dave Attell, Wyatt Cenac, Buck Henry, Mo Rocca, David Wain, and Lewis Black as guests on the show; in turn, Lazarus herself appeared in the Daily Show in a sketch about a prequel to Hot Tub Time Machine. Stewart discussed some of his future plans, assuring fans that he was not retiring. Though he plans to spend more time with his family, he suggested that he would continue writing – to which Lazarus later responded by giving him a notebook as a parting gift - and even that he could return to stand-up comedy.

In 2014, Jill Abramson gave her last interview as executive editor of *The New York Times* before being fired from that position.

American statistician and writer Nate Silver appeared on the show in 2015, during which he criticized Vox Media for "rewriting Wikipedia articles" for their content.

Patti LuPone appeared on a 2016 episode, where she performed the song "Meadowlark" with Tituss Burgess.

Soul singer Lee Fields discussed his experiences during segregation on the show.

Novelist Zadie Smith spoke of her former career as a cabaret singer in retirement homes on the show. She performed a rendition of "The Lady Is a Tramp" with singer Lady Rizo.

Actor, rapper, and songwriter Daveed Diggs appeared on the show, speaking about his former day job at a Pier 1 Imports store.

In a special live episode, psychologist and Buddhist teacher Tara Brach led the audience in guided meditation.

Writer and activist Gloria Steinem appeared on the show, discussing everything from feminism to fundraising to her affinity for tap dancing.

Political commentator and news host Rachel Maddow mixed cocktails during her appearance on the show.

Journalist Jodi Kantor appeared on the show in 2012, five years before she broke the news of Harvey Weinstein's sexual abuse that sparked the Me Too movement.

In his 2016 appearance, founder of Gawker Media Nick Denton discussed his bankruptcy, along with Peter Thiel's attempts to bring down Gawker by funding lawsuits against Denton, including the 2016 lawsuit involving Hulk Hogan.

Actress Edie Falco sang live for the first time in her life during her 2017 appearance on the show. Falco performed "I Never Talk to Strangers," originally by Tom Waits and Bette Middler, with fellow *Nurse Jackie* actor Stephen Wallem.

Also featured on the show are: the longest contributor to MAD Magazine Al Jaffee, actor Jon Hamm, *Hamilton* actor Christopher Jackson, former United States Ambassador to the United Nations Samantha Power, actress and comedian Maya Rudolph, actor Patton Oswalt, psychotherapist and author Esther Perel, former dot com business executive Seth Godin, actor John Turturro, blogger Maria Popova of BrainPickings.org, actor and comedian Keegan Michael-Key, actress Olympia Dukakis, creator of *Gilmore Girls* and *The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel* Amy Sherman-Palladino, author and television writer David Simon (creator of *The Wire*), actress and activist Cynthia Nixon, actor Utkarsh Ambudkar, and screenwriter/director Greta Gerwig.

## InfoBox

| *Employee of the Month* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Presentation | |
| Hosted by | Catie Lazarus |
| Genre | Entertainment, finance, advice, talk show |
| Language | English |
| Production | |
| No. of episodes | 287 |
| Publication | |
| Original release | 2010 (2010) |