title: Elephantopus carolinianus

abstract: Elephantopus carolinianus, with the common names Carolina elephantsfoot or leafy elephant's foot, is a species of flowering plant in the Asteraceae family. It is native to the south-central and southeastern United States.

text:
# Elephantopus carolinianus

***Elephantopus carolinianus***, with the common names **Carolina elephantsfoot** or **leafy elephant's foot**, is a species of flowering plant in the Asteraceae family. It is native to the south-central and southeastern United States.

## Description

*Elephantopus carolinianus* is a perennial herb sometimes as much as 120 cm (4 feet) tall. Leaves are elliptic or ovate to lanceolate, up to 12 cm (5 inches) long, larger toward the base of the plant and decreasing in size moving up the stem. The leaves are darker on the upper side than they are on the lower side and are lightly hairy. They are alternate along the stem, becoming spaced farther apart higher on the stem. At the plant's base, the leaves are very close together, as close as 0.6 centimetres (.25 in) apart.

The plant produces numerous small flower heads in a tight cluster, each head generally containing only 4-5 florets. The cluster of flower heads is supported by 3 bracts that resemble leaves and are 1–3 centimetres (0–1 in) long. The lavender, or sometimes white, flowers bloom August to October. Flowers last for one day.

## Etymology

The genus name *Elephantopus* comes from the Greek words "elephantos" (elephant) and "pous" (foot). The term likely refers to the large basal leaves of some members of the genus.

## Distribution and habitat

The plant is native to the south-central and southeastern United States from Florida north as far as Ohio, Illinois, and Pennsylvania, west to Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. It grows in open or shaded pine forests and mixed forests, with generally damp to wet soil, often sandy.

## Ecology

The plant is the larval host for the *Cremastobombycia ignota* moth.

## InfoBox

| *Elephantopus carolinianus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Secure  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | *Elephantopus* |
| Species: | ***E. carolinianus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Elephantopus carolinianus***
Raeusch. 1797 not Willd. 1803 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Elephantopus flexuosus* Raf. | |


title: Elimia gibbera

abstract: Elimia gibbera, the shouldered elimia, is a species of freshwater snails in the family Pleuroceridae. This species was endemic to Alabama, the United States, with records from the Coosa River. It is now considered extinct, the attributed cause is land-use change. Already in 1936, Calvin Goodrich wrote that "To a large extent, the goniobasic fauna of the Coosa Biver must be spoken of in the past tense".

text:
# Elimia gibbera

***Elimia gibbera***, the **shouldered elimia**, is a species of freshwater snails in the family Pleuroceridae. This species was endemic to Alabama, the United States, with records from the Coosa River. It is now considered extinct, the attributed cause is land-use change. Already in 1936, Calvin Goodrich wrote that "To a large extent, the goniobasic fauna of the Coosa Biver must be spoken of in the past tense".

## Description

The shell in adults measures 17–20 mm (0.67–0.79 in) in length and 9–11 mm (0.35–0.43 in) in width.

## InfoBox

| *Elimia gibbera* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Extinct  (IUCN 2.3) | |
|
Presumed Extinct  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Family: | Pleuroceridae |
| Genus: | *Elimia* |
| Species: | ***E. gibbera*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Elimia gibbera***
(Goodrich, 1936) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Goniobasis gibbera* Goodrich, 1936 | |


title: 131st New York State Legislature

abstract: The 131st New York State Legislature, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 1 to June 11, 1908, during the second year of Charles Evans Hughes's governorship, in Albany.

text:
# 131st New York State Legislature

The **131st New York State Legislature**, consisting of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly, met from January 1 to June 11, 1908, during the second year of Charles Evans Hughes's governorship, in Albany.

## Background

Under the provisions of the New York Constitution of 1894, re-apportioned in 1906 and 1907, 51 Senators and 150 assemblymen were elected in single-seat districts; senators for a two-year term, assemblymen for a one-year term. The senatorial districts were made up of entire counties, except New York County (twelve districts), Kings County (eight districts), Erie County (three districts) and Monroe County (two districts). The Assembly districts were made up of contiguous area, all within the same county.

On April 27, 1906, the Legislature re-apportioned the Senate districts, increasing the number to 51. The apportionment was then contested in the courts.

The Legislature also re-apportioned the number of assemblymen per county. Nassau County was separated from the remainder of Queens County; Albany, Broome, Cattaraugus, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oswego and Rensselaer counties lost one seat each; Erie, Monroe and Westchester gained one each; and Kings and Queens counties gained two each.

On April 3, 1907, the new Senate and Assembly apportionment was declared unconstitutional by the New York Court of Appeals.

On July 26, 1907, the Legislature again re-apportioned the Senate districts, and re-enacted the 1906 Assembly apportionment.

At this time there were two major political parties: the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. The Independence League, the Socialist Party and the Prohibition Party also nominated tickets.

## Elections

The New York state election, 1907, was held on November 5. The only two statewide elective offices up for election were two judgeships on the New York Court of Appeals which were carried by a Republican and a Democrat both of which had been endorsed by the other major party.

## Sessions

The Legislature met for the regular session at the State Capitol in Albany on January 1, 1908; and adjourned on April 23.

James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr. (R) was re-elected Speaker.

The Legislature met for a special session at the State Capitol in Albany on May 11, 1908; and adjourned on June 11. This session was called to consider enacting reform legislation which had been recommended by the governor at the beginning of the session, but was ignored by the Legislature. Among the measures advocated by the governor were an anti-horse-race-track-gambling bill (enacted as the Hart–Agnew Law), a plan to extend the jurisdiction of the Public Service Commission to the telephone and telegraph companies, and a ballot reform.

## State Senate

### Districts

**Note**: The senators had been elected to a two-year term in November 1906 under the 1906 apportionment, as stated below. Although the Legislature re-apportioned the Senate districts in 1907, the first senatorial election under the new apportionment occurred in November 1908.

### Members

The asterisk (\*) denotes members of the previous Legislature who continued in office as members of this Legislature.

| District | Senator | Party | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1st | Carll S. Burr Jr.* | Republican |  |
| 2nd | Dennis J. Harte* | Democrat |  |
| 3rd | Thomas H. Cullen* | Democrat |  |
| 4th | Otto G. Foelker* | Republican | on November 3, 1908, elected to the 60th U.S. Congress |
| 5th | James A. Thompson* | Democrat |  |
| 6th | Eugene M. Travis* | Republican |  |
| 7th | Patrick H. McCarren* | Democrat |  |
| 8th | Charles H. Fuller* | Dem./Ind. L. |  |
| 9th | Conrad Hasenflug* | Democrat |  |
| 10th | Alfred J. Gilchrist* | Republican |  |
| 11th | Dominick F. Mullaney* | Dem./Ind. L. |  |
| 12th | William Sohmer* | Dem./Ind. L. |  |
| 13th | Christopher D. Sullivan* | Dem./Ind. L. |  |
| 14th | Thomas F. Grady* | Dem./Ind. L. | Minority Leader |
| 15th | Thomas J. McManus* | Dem./Ind. L. |  |
| 16th | John T. McCall* | Dem./Ind. L. |  |
| 17th | George B. Agnew* | Republican |  |
| 18th | Martin Saxe* | Republican |  |
| 19th | Alfred R. Page* | Republican |  |
| 20th | James J. Frawley* | Dem./Ind. L. |  |
| 21st | James Owens* | Democrat |  |
| 22nd | John P. Cohalan* | Dem./Ind. L. | on November 3, 1908, elected Surrogate of New York Co. |
| 23rd | Francis M. Carpenter* | Republican |  |
| 24th | John C. R. Taylor* | Democrat |  |
| 25th | Sanford W. Smith* | Republican |  |
| 26th | John N. Cordts* | Republican |  |
| 27th | Jotham P. Allds* | Republican |  |
| 28th | William J. Grattan* | Republican |  |
| 29th | Frank M. Boyce* | Democrat |  |
| 30th | H. Wallace Knapp* | Republican |  |
| 31st | William W. Wemple* | Republican |  |
| 32nd | James A. Emerson* | Republican |  |
| 33rd | Seth G. Heacock* | Republican |  |
| 34th | William T. O'Neil* | Republican |  |
| 35th | George H. Cobb* | Republican |  |
| 36th | Joseph Ackroyd* | Democrat |  |
| 37th | Francis H. Gates* | Ind. Rep. |  |
| 38th | Horace White* | Republican | on November 3, 1908, elected Lieutenant Governor |
| 39th | Harvey D. Hinman* | Republican |  |
| 40th | Owen Cassidy* | Republican |  |
| 41st | Benjamin M. Wilcox* | Republican |  |
| 42nd | John Raines* | Republican | President pro tempore |
| 43rd | William J. Tully* | Republican |  |
| 44th | S. Percy Hooker* | Republican |  |
| 45th | Thomas B. Dunn* | Republican | on November 3, 1908, elected New York State Treasurer |
| 46th | William W. Armstrong* | Republican |  |
| 47th | Stanislaus P. Franchot* | Republican | died on March 24, 1908 |
| | William C. Wallace | Republican | elected on May 12 to fill vacancy |
| 48th | Henry W. Hill* | Republican |  |
| 49th | Samuel J. Ramsperger* | Democrat |  |
| 50th | George Allen Davis* | Republican |  |
| 51st | Albert T. Fancher* | Republican |  |
|

### Employees

## State Assembly

**Note**: For brevity, the chairmanships mentioned omit the words "...the Committee on (the)..."

### Assemblymen

| District | | Assemblymen | Party | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Albany | 1st | Ellis J. Staley | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | William E. Nolan | Republican |  |
| | 3rd | Robert B. Waters* | Republican |  |
| Allegany | | Jesse S. Phillips* | Republican | Chairman of Judiciary |
| Broome | | Harry C. Perkins | Republican |  |
| Cattaraugus | | John J. Volk* | Republican |  |
| Cayuga | | Frederick A. Dudley* | Republican | Chairman of Soldiers' Home |
| Chautauqua | 1st | Augustus F. Allen* | Republican | Chairman of Federal Relations |
| | 2nd | Charles Mann Hamilton* | Republican | Chairman of Military Affairs |
| Chemung | | David C. Robinson | Dem./Ind. L. |  |
| Chenango | | Julien C. Scott | Republican |  |
| Clinton | | Alonson T. Dominy* | Republican |  |
| Columbia | | Lester J. Bashford | Democrat |  |
| Cortland | | Charles F. Brown | Republican |  |
| Delaware | | Henry J. Williams | Republican |  |
| Dutchess | 1st | Myron Smith* | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | Frederick Northrup* | Democrat |  |
| Erie | 1st | Orson J. Weimert* | Republican | Chairman of Indian Affairs |
| | 2nd | John Lord O'Brian* | Republican |  |
| | 3rd | George J. Arnold | Republican |  |
| | 4th | William Jordan | Democrat |  |
| | 5th | Edward P. Costello | Democrat |  |
| | 6th | Frank S. Burzynski* | Democrat |  |
| | 7th | George W. Walters* | Democrat |  |
| | 8th | Clarence MacGregor | Republican |  |
| | 9th | Frank B. Thorn | Republican |  |
| Essex | | James Shea | Republican |  |
| Franklin | | Harry H. Hawley | Republican |  |
| Fulton and Hamilton | | William Ellison Mills* | Republican | Chairman of Fisheries and Game |
| Genesee | | Fred B. Parker* | Republican |  |
| Greene | | William C. Brady* | Republican | Chairman of Villages |
| Herkimer | | Thomas D. Ferguson* | Republican |  |
| Jefferson | 1st | Alfred D. Lowe* | Republican | Chairman of Public Lands and Forestry |
| | 2nd | Gary H. Wood* | Republican |  |
| Kings | 1st | Edmund R. Terry | Democrat |  |
| | 2nd | James Jacobs | Democrat |  |
| | 3rd | Arthur L. Hurley | Rep./Ind. L. |  |
| | 4th | Andrew C. Troy | Democrat |  |
| | 5th | Charles J. Weber* | Republican |  |
| | 6th | Thomas J. Surpless* | Republican |  |
| | 7th | Thomas J. Geoghegan* | Democrat |  |
| | 8th | John McBride | Rep./Ind. L. |  |
| | 9th | George A. Voss* | Rep./Ind. L. |  |
| | 10th | Charles F. Murphy* | Republican | Chairman of Codes |
| | 11th | William W. Colne* | Republican | Chairman of Canals |
| | 12th | George A. Green* | Republican | Chairman of General Laws |
| | 13th | John H. Donnelly* | Democrat |  |
| | 14th | James E. Fay | Democrat |  |
| | 15th | John J. Schutta | Democrat |  |
| | 16th | Michael J. Grady | Democrat |  |
| | 17th | John R. Farrar | Republican |  |
| | 18th | Warren I. Lee* | Rep./Ind. L. |  |
| | 19th | John Holbrook | Rep./Ind. L. |  |
| | 20th | Harrison C. Glore* | Republican |  |
| | 21st | Samuel A. Gluck* | Democrat |  |
| | 22nd | Emil Rose | Dem./Ind. L. |  |
| | 23rd | Isaac Sargent | Republican |  |
| Lewis | | C. Fred Boshart* | Republican | Chairman of Agriculture |
| Livingston | | James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr.* | Republican | re-elected Speaker; Chairman of Rules |
| Madison | | Orlando W. Burhyte* | Republican |  |
| Monroe | 1st | George F. Harris* | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | James L. Whitley* | Republican |  |
| | 3rd | George L. Meade | Republican |  |
| | 4th | Bernard J. Haggarty | Republican |  |
| | 5th | Henry Morgan* | Republican |  |
| Montgomery | | T. Romeyn Staley* | Republican |  |
| Nassau | | William G. Miller* | Republican | Chairman of Commerce and Navigation |
| New York | 1st | Thomas B. Caughlan | Democrat |  |
| | 2nd | Al Smith* | Democrat |  |
| | 3rd | James Oliver* | Democrat |  |
| | 4th | Aaron J. Levy | Democrat |  |
| | 5th | John T. Eagleton* | Democrat |  |
| | 6th | Adolph Stern* | Democrat |  |
| | 7th | Joseph W. Keller* | Democrat |  |
| | 8th | Moritz Graubard | Democrat |  |
| | 9th | John C. Hackett* | Democrat |  |
| | 10th | Anthony M. McCabe | Ind. L./Rep. |  |
| | 11th | Frank K. Johnston | Ind. L./Rep. |  |
| | 12th | James A. Foley* | Democrat |  |
| | 13th | James J. Hoey* | Democrat |  |
| | 14th | John J. Herrick | Democrat |  |
| | 15th | William M. Bennett | Rep./Ind. L. |  |
| | 16th | Martin G. McCue* | Democrat |  |
| | 17th | Frederick R. Toombs | Republican |  |
| | 18th | Mark Goldberg* | Democrat |  |
| | 19th | William B. Donihee | Democrat |  |
| | 20th | Patrick J. McGrath | Democrat |  |
| | 21st | Robert S. Conklin* | Republican |  |
| | 22nd | Robert F. Wagner* | Democrat |  |
| | 23rd | James A. Francis* | Republican | Chairman of Banks |
| | 24th | Walter Spriggins | Democrat |  |
| | 25th | Artemas Ward Jr. | Republican |  |
| | 26th | Solomon Strauss | Rep./Ind. L. |  |
| | 27th | Beverley R. Robinson* | Rep./Ind. L. |  |
| | 28th | Edward W. Buckley* | Democrat |  |
| | 29th | Walter H. Liebmann | Democrat |  |
| | 30th | Louis A. Cuvillier* | Democrat |  |
| | 31st | Abraham Greenberg | Democrat | contested by Philip Reece |
| | 32nd | Jesse Silbermann | Democrat |  |
| | 33rd | Phillip J. Schmidt* | Democrat |  |
| | 34th | George M. S. Schulz* | Democrat |  |
| | 35th | John V. Sheridan* | Democrat |  |
| Niagara | 1st | Charles F. Foley* | Democrat |  |
| | 2nd | W. Levell Draper* | Republican | Chairman of Privileges and Elections |
| Oneida | 1st | Merwin K. Hart* | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | Ladd J. Lewis Jr.* | Republican |  |
| | 3rd | Arthur G. Blue* | Republican |  |
| Onondaga | 1st | John C. McLaughlin | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | Fred W. Hammond* | Republican | Chairman of Affairs of Cities |
| | 3rd | J. Henry Walters | Republican |  |
| Ontario | | George B. Hemenway | Republican |  |
| Orange | 1st | Henry Seacord | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | Charles E. Mance* | Republican |  |
| Orleans | | Myron E. Eggleston* | Dem./Ind. L. |
| Oswego | | Fred G. Whitney* | Republican | Chairman of Excise |
| Otsego | | Charles Smith* | Republican |  |
| Putnam | | John R. Yale* | Republican | Chairman of Electricity, Gas and Water Supply |
| Queens | 1st | Thomas H. Todd* | Democrat |  |
| | 2nd | William Klein | Democrat |  |
| | 3rd | Conrad Garbe* | Democrat |  |
| | 4th | William A. De Groot* | Republican | Chairman of Claims |
| Rensselaer | 1st | Frederick C. Filley* | Republican | Chairman of Public Education |
| | 2nd | Bradford R. Lansing* | Republican | Chairman of Charitable and Religious Societies |
| Richmond | | William A. Shortt | Democrat |  |
| Rockland | | Frank DeNoyelles | Democrat |  |
| St. Lawrence | 1st | Fred J. Gray* | Republican | Chairman of Revision |
| | 2nd | Edwin A. Merritt Jr.* | Republican | Majority Leader; Chairman of Ways and Means |
| Saratoga | | George H. Whitney* | Republican | Chairman of Public Health |
| Schenectady | | Miles R. Frisbie* | Republican |  |
| Schoharie | | George M. Palmer | Democrat | Minority Leader |
| Schuyler | | Charles A. Cole* | Republican |  |
| Seneca | | William B. Harper* | Democrat |  |
| Steuben | 1st | William H. Chamberlain* | Republican | Chairman of Taxation and Retrenchment |
| | 2nd | Charles K. Marlatt* | Republican | Chairman of Unfinished Business |
| Suffolk | 1st | John M. Lupton* | Republican | Chairman of Public Institutions |
| | 2nd | Orlando Hubbs* | Republican | Chairman of Internal Affairs |
| Sullivan | | George W. Murphy* | Republican | Chairman of Printed and Engrossed Bills |
| Tioga | | Frank L. Howard | Republican |  |
| Tompkins | | William R. Gunderman* | Republican | Chairman of Trade and Manufactures |
| Ulster | 1st | Joseph M. Fowler* | Republican | Chairman of Public Printing |
| | 2nd | William E. E. Little | Democrat |  |
| Warren | | William R. Waddell* | Republican | Chairman of State Prisons |
| Washington | | James S. Parker | Republican | Chairman of Labor and Industries |
| Wayne | | Edson W. Hamn* | Republican | Chairman of Insurance |
| Westchester | 1st | Harry W. Haines* | Republican |  |
| | 2nd | Marmaduke B. Wright | Democrat |  |
| | 3rd | Isaac H. Smith | Republican |  |
| | 4th | J. Mayhew Wainwright* | Republican | Chairman of Railroads |
| Wyoming | | Robert M. McFarlane | Republican |  |
| Yates | | Leonidas D. West* | Republican |  |
|

### Employees

1. see *APPORTIONMENT PLAN MADE; ODELL BEATEN* in NYT on April 27, 1906
2. *OLD APPORTIONMENT IS DECLARED VOID* in NYT on April 4, 1907
3. see *HUGHES WINS ON APPORTIONMENT* in NYT on July 24, 1907
4. James Owens, five-term NYC alderman, died March 7, 1911
5. *SENATOR FRANCHOT DEAD* in *The New York Times* on March 25, 1908
6. William C. Wallace (died 1928), of Niagara Falls, see *EX-SENATOR W. C. WALLACE* in *The New York Times* on July 8, 1928 (subscription required)
7. *HUGHES MAN WINS SENATE ELECTION* in *The New York Times* on May 13, 1908
8. David C. Robinson (c.1853–1912), son of Gov. Lucius Robinson, see *FATALLY STRICKEN ON TRAIN* in NYT on September 22, 1912
9. *BEATEN CANDIDATE CONTESTS* in *The New York Times* on December 27, 1907
10. Eggleston was a Republican assemblyman in 1907, but was voted down at the Republican county convention. He then ran on the Democratic and Independence League tickets, and defeated the regular Republican candidate.
11. Murlin, Edgar L. (1908). *The New York Red Book*. Albany, N.Y.: J. B. Lyon Company. p. 603  via Google Books.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| 131st New York State Legislature | |
| --- | --- |
| 130th 132nd | |
| New York State Capitol (2009) | |
| Overview | |
| Legislative body | New York State Legislature |
| Jurisdiction | New York, United States |
| Term | January 1 – December 31, 1908 |
| Senate | |
| Members | 51 |
| President | Lt. Gov. Lewis Stuyvesant Chanler (D) |
| Temporary President | John Raines (R) |
| Party control | Republican (32-19) |
| Assembly | |
| Members | 150 |
| Speaker | James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr. (R) |
| Party control | Republican (96-54) |
| Sessions | |
| 1st January 1 – April 23, 1908  2nd May 11 – June 11, 1908 | |


title: Anton Karachanakov

abstract: Anton Karachanakov is a Bulgarian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Makedonija GP.

text:
# Anton Karachanakov

**Anton Karachanakov** (Bulgarian: Антон Карачанаков; born 17 January 1992) is a Bulgarian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Makedonija GP.

## Career

### Pirin Blagoevgrad

Born in Novo Delchevo, near Sandanski, Karachanakov progressed through Pirin Blagoevgrad's youth system, having joined the club at the age of 14 in 2006.

He made his first team debut on 26 February 2011 in a 1–0 A PFG loss against Cherno More, coming on as a substitute for Anton Kostadinov. On 12 March, he scored his first goal in his first start, netting Pirin's only goal in their 2–1 loss against Litex Lovech.

Karachanakov finished the 2010–11 season with 16 appearances and four goals in all competitions, helping Pirin to secure their status in the top-flight of Bulgarian football league system. Finally, Pirin was relegated to fourth division, after the license necessary to play in the A PFG was denied by Bulgarian Football Federation.

### CSKA Sofia

On 18 June 2011, Karachanakov joined CSKA Sofia on a free transfer. He scored his first league goal for CSKA on 22 March 2012, in the 4–0 home win over Lokomotiv Sofia. He scored in his next two games as well, against Lokomotiv Plovdiv on 25 March and against Beroe Stara Zagora three days later.

On 31 August 2012, Karachanakov scored his first brace for the club, scoring twice in a 4–1 away win against Minyor Pernik. In October 2012, he sustained an injury during The Eternal Derby and was ruled out until the end of the season.

Karachanakov made a full recovery by June 2013. On 14 December 2013, he scored his first two goals (and second brace for the club) after coming back from injury in a 7–0 thrashing of Lyubimets 2007.

On 27 July 2014, Karachanakov scored the opening goal and assisted Sergiu Buș' second in the 2–0 win over Levski Sofia in The Eternal Derby. For his performance he won the Man of the Match award. In January 2015, he left the "armymen" due to a combination of financial reasons (unreceived salaries) and not being granted sufficient playing time.

### Botev Plovdiv

Karachanakov signed with Botev Plovdiv in January 2019. He left the team by mutual consent in August 2019 and joined Tsarsko Selo.

## International career

His first goal for the Bulgarian U21 squad came in his second match on 29 February 2012 as he scored the only goal in a 1–0 friendly win against Poland U21.

## Career statistics

*As of 14 April 2021*

| Club | Season | League | | Cup | | Europe | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| **Pirin Blagoevgrad** | 2010–11 | 14 | 4 | 2 | 0 |  |  | 16 | 4 |
| **CSKA Sofia** | 2011–12 | 13 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 4 |
| | 2012–13 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 11 | 3 |
| | 2013–14 | 16 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 2 |
| | 2014–15 | 15 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 17 | 5 |
| **Baltika Kaliningrad** | 2014–15 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 7 | 0 |
| **Slavia Sofia** | 2015–16 | 19 | 6 | 1 | 0 |  |  | 20 | 6 |
| **Cracovia** | 2015–16 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 5 | 0 |
| | 2016–17 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| **Beroe Stara Zagora** (loan) | 2016–17 | 12 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 4 |
| | 2017–18 | 26 | 1 | 2 | 0 |  |  | 28 | 1 |
| **Panachaiki** | 2018–19 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 |  |  | 6 | 0 |
| **Botev Plovdiv** | 2018–19 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 0 |  |  | 12 | 0 |
| | 2019–20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 1 | 0 |
| | **Tsarsko Selo** | 13 | 2 | 1 | 0 |  |  | 14 | 2 |
| **Pirin Blagoevgrad** | 2020–21 | 25 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 7 |
| Career total | | 190 | 37 | 16 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 211 | 38 |
|

## Honours

CSKA Sofia

## InfoBox

Anton Karachanakov
| Karachanakov in 2012 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Anton Atanasov Karachanakov | | |
| Date of birth | (1992-01-17) 17 January 1992 | | |
| Place of birth | Novo Delchevo, Bulgaria | | |
| Height | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Winger | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Makedonija GP | | |
| Number | 71 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2006–2010 | Pirin Blagoevgrad | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2011 | Pirin Blagoevgrad | 14 | (4) |
| 2011–2014 | CSKA Sofia | 53 | (13) |
| 2015 | Baltika Kaliningrad | 7 | (0) |
| 2015–2016 | Slavia Sofia | 19 | (6) |
| 2016–2018 | Cracovia | 5 | (0) |
| 2017–2018 | Beroe (loan) | 38 | (5) |
| 2018–2019 | Panachaiki | 4 | (0) |
| 2019 | Botev Plovdiv | 12 | (0) |
| 2019–2020 | Tsarsko Selo | 13 | (2) |
| 2020–2022 | Pirin Blagoevgrad | 55 | (13) |
| 2022 | Politehnica Iași | 3 | (0) |
| 2023 | Montana | 12 | (5) |
| 2023– | Makedonija GP | 4 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2011–2014 | Bulgaria U21 | 7 | (1) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 17 January 2024 | | | |


title: Antiemetic

abstract: An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea. Antiemetics are typically used to treat motion sickness and the side effects of opioid analgesics, general anaesthetics, and chemotherapy directed against cancer. They may be used for severe cases of gastroenteritis, especially if the patient is dehydrated. Some antiemetics previously thought to cause birth defects appear safe for use by pregnant women in the treatment of morning sickness and the more serious hyperemesis gravidarum.

text:
# Antiemetic

An **antiemetic** is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea. Antiemetics are typically used to treat motion sickness and the side effects of opioid analgesics, general anaesthetics, and chemotherapy directed against cancer. They may be used for severe cases of gastroenteritis, especially if the patient is dehydrated.

Some antiemetics previously thought to cause birth defects appear safe for use by pregnant women in the treatment of morning sickness and the more serious hyperemesis gravidarum.

## Types


abstract: Elections to the Inverness District Council took place in May 1977, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's other districts.

text:
# 1977 Inverness District Council election

**Elections to the Inverness District Council** took place in May 1977, alongside elections to the councils of Scotland's other districts.

## Aggregate results

Inverness District Election Result 1977
| Party | | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | **20** |  |  | **2** |  | **63.4** | **5,742** | **13.4** |
|  | Labour | 4 |  |  | 2 |  | 21.6 | 1,956 | 9.9 |
|  | SNP | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0.0 | 15.0 | 1,354 | *New* |

## InfoBox

1977 Inverness District Council election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  All 24 seats to Inverness District Council
13 seats needed for a majority | |
| First party Second party   Party Independent Labour  Seats won **20** 4  Seat change **2** 2  Popular vote **5,742** 1,956  Percentage **63.4%** 21.6%  Swing **13.4%** 9.9% | |
| ---  **Council Control before election**

Independent **Council Control after election**

Independent | |


title: Elin Brimheim Heinesen

abstract: Elin Brimheim Heinesen is a Faroese journalist, editor, singer, songwriter and composer. She is a Master of Arts in Art History, studied at Aarhus University 1984-1986 and 1989-1991. After living in Denmark for over 20 years, she moved back to the Faroe Islands in 2007, where she became Director of Samvit, a public institution under the Faroese governance, which was responsible for tourism and export of Faroese goods, she was the director of Samvit until the council was closed in 2009. While living in Denmark, she worked as director, project manager, editor, and self-employed with her own company. From September 2009 to May 2012 she was employed as media and development manager at Kringvarp Føroya. Since May 2012 she was self-employed, and for a while she was a journalist at the portal portal.fo after being sold to Knassar. She also participates actively in the community debate on the Faroe Islands and was an active debater in connection with Sea Shepherd's Action Against Whaling, Operation GrindStop 2014. In February 2014 she was elected to the board of the new Faroese film association Føroysk Filmsfólk. Heinesen is also known as a singer. In the 1970s and 1980s she was a member of various jazz bands, including performed in the jazz club Perlan in Tórshavn, which was demolished in 1983. In 1988, she released a cassette tape, Nalja-Elin & Kári, together with Kári Jacobsen. Several of the songs were hit in the Faroe Islands, including the song Sjeikurin, written by Heinesen, and the song about Ólavsøka, Á, tann deiliga Havn, which Kári Jacobsen has written and is still being played for Olaj.

text:
# Elin Brimheim Heinesen

**Elin Brimheim Heinesen** (born 25 June 1958) is a Faroese journalist, editor, singer, songwriter and composer. She is a Master of Arts in Art History (Aesthetics & Culture), studied at Aarhus University 1984-1986 and 1989-1991. After living in Denmark for over 20 years, she moved back to the Faroe Islands in 2007, where she became Director of Samvit, a public institution under the Faroese governance, which was responsible for tourism and export of Faroese goods, she was the director of Samvit until the council was closed in 2009. While living in Denmark, she worked as director, project manager, editor, and self-employed with her own company. From September 2009 to May 2012 she was employed as media and development manager at Kringvarp Føroya (Faroe Islands Radio and TV). Since May 2012 she was self-employed, and for a while she was a journalist at the portal portal.fo after being sold to Knassar. She also participates actively in the community debate on the Faroe Islands and was an active debater in connection with Sea Shepherd's Action Against Whaling, Operation GrindStop 2014. In February 2014 she was elected to the board of the new Faroese film association Føroysk Filmsfólk.

Heinesen is also known as a singer. In the 1970s and 1980s she was a member of various jazz bands, including performed in the jazz club Perlan in Tórshavn, which was demolished in 1983. In 1988, she released a cassette tape, Nalja-Elin & Kári, together with Kári Jacobsen. Several of the songs were hit in the Faroe Islands, including the song *Sjeikurin*, written by Heinesen, and the song about Ólavsøka, *Á, tann deiliga Havn*, which Kári Jacobsen has written and is still being played for Olaj.

## Family

Heinesen's parents were both authors, her father was Jens Pauli Heinesen, her mother was Maud Heinesen, born Brimheim (died 2005), She has a daughter, Helena Heinesen Rebensdorff (formerly known under the artist name Franka, now with the artist name Brimheim), who is a singer and songwriter as well.

## Discography

* 2023 - *Eitt dýpi av dýrari tíð / A Chasm of Precious Time* \- Symphonic music by Elin Brimheim Heinesen, lyrics by Jens Pauli Heinesen, arrangement by Enzo De Rosa & Søren Hyldgaard, Orchestras: Czech National Symphony Orchestra, City of Prague Philharmonic Orchestra, Choirs: Tarira, Tórshavnar Manaskór (6 tracks in Faroese, same 6 tracks in English)
* 2018 - *Handan stjørnurnar* \- Elin Brimheim Heinesen (12 tracks by Elin Brimheim Heinesen)
* 2010 - *Yndisløg - Ein ferð aftur í farnar tíðir* (Treasured songs - A Trip Down Memory Lane) - Together with Ad Libitum
* 1988 - *Nalja - Elin & Kári* (published as cassette tape in 1988 and as a CD in 1998) - together with Kári Jacobsen

## Honour

## InfoBox

| Elin Brimheim Heinesen | |
| --- | --- |
| Heinesen in 2008 | |
| Born | (1958-06-25) 25 June 1958<br>Tórshavn, Faroe Islands |


title: 1852 Boston mayoral election

abstract: The Boston mayoral election of 1852 saw the reelection of Benjamin Seaver to a second term. It was held on December 13, 1852.

text:
# 1852 Boston mayoral election

The **Boston mayoral election of 1852** saw the reelection of Benjamin Seaver to a second term. It was held on December 13, 1852.

## Candidates

Boston's "Union Party" renominated incumbent mayor Benjamin Seaver unanimously at their meeting. Jerome V. C. Smith was nominated at a meeting of politically independent citizens who put him forth as the "people's candidate".

## Results

1852 Boston mayoral election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Union Party** | **Benjamin Seaver (incumbent)** | **6,018** | **50.27** |
|  | Independent | Jerome V. C. Smith | 5,021 | 41.94 |
|  |  | Joseph Smith | 899 | 7.51 |
|  | Scattering | Other | 34 | 0.28 |
| Total votes | | | **11,972** | **100** |

## InfoBox

1852 Boston mayoral election
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Candidate **Benjamin Seaver** Jerome V. C. Smith Joseph Smith  Party Union Party Independent   Popular vote **6,018** 2,736 889  Percentage **50.27%** 41.94% 7.51% | |
| ---  **Mayor before election**
John P. Bigelow
Whig **Elected mayor**
Benjamin Seaver
Whig | |


abstract: The 1973–74 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season was a below-average cyclone season. The season officially ran from November 1, 1973, to April 30, 1974.

text:
# 1973–74 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season

The **1973–74 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season** was a below-average cyclone season. The season officially ran from November 1, 1973, to April 30, 1974.

## Systems

### Moderate Tropical Storm Alice

| Moderate tropical storm (MFR) | |
| --- | --- |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
|  | |
| Duration | September 14 – September 24 |
| Peak intensity | 75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min);
1000 hPa (mbar) |

Alice was born around 80E, and reached its greatest intensity (Phase C plus) on September 20 to the north of Tromelin. but has resulted in some light to moderate rain over extreme northeastern Madagascar between 21 and 23, the winds not exceeding 55 km / h in the region of Diego-Suarez.

### Tropical Cyclone Bernadette

| Tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
| --- | --- |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
|  | |
| Duration | October 16 – October 28 |
| Peak intensity | 150 km/h (90 mph) (10-min);
985 hPa (mbar) |

Bernadette, more active than before, has reached the stage of a tropical cyclone in the strict sense of the international classification, in the 26th October (minimum pressure estimated of 985 mb), moderate rainfall strong enough of have been recorded on the extreme north of Madagascar and off the cape of Amber, a boat noted a peak wind of 139 km/h.

### Moderate Tropical Storm Christiane

| Moderate tropical storm (MFR) | |
| --- | --- |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
|  | |
| Duration | December 13 – December 21 |
| Peak intensity | 75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min);
995 hPa (mbar) |

Moderate Tropical Storm Christian existed from December 13 to December 21.

### Intense Tropical Cyclone Deidre–Delinda

| Intense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
| --- | --- |
| Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
|  | |
| Duration | December 26 (Crossed 80°E) – January 4 |
| Peak intensity | 205 km/h (125 mph) (10-min);
965 hPa (mbar) |

Tropical Cyclone Deidre-Delinda existed from December 26, 1973, to January 4, 1974.

### Moderate Tropical Storm Esmeralda

| Moderate tropical storm (MFR) | |
| --- | --- |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
|  | |
| Duration | December 30 – January 5 |
| Peak intensity | 85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min);
995 hPa (mbar) |

Moderate Tropical Storm Esmeralda existed from December 30, 1973, to January 5, 1974. The storm looped to the southeast of Madagascar, bringing several days of rainfall to Réunion, reaching 222.2 mm (8.75 in).

### Tropical Disturbance Fredegonde

| Tropical disturbance (MFR) | |
| --- | --- |
| Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
|  | |
| Duration | January 19 – January 23 |
| Peak intensity | 45 km/h (30 mph) (10-min);
1005 hPa (mbar) |

Tropical Disturbance Fredegonde existed from January 19 to January 23.

### Tropical Cyclone Ghislaine

| Tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
| --- | --- |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
|  | |
| Duration | February 24 (Crossed 80°E) – March 3 |
| Peak intensity | 150 km/h (90 mph) (10-min);
985 hPa (mbar) |

Moderate Tropical Storm Ghislaine existed from February 24 to March 3.

### Severe Tropical Storm Honorine

| Severe tropical storm (MFR) | |
| --- | --- |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
|  | |
| Duration | April 12 – April 23 |
| Peak intensity | 95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min);
998 hPa (mbar) |

Moderate Tropical Storm Honorine existed from April 12 to April 23.

## Season effects

| Name | Dates | Peak intensity | | | Areas affected | Damage
(USD) | Deaths | Refs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Category | Wind speed | Pressure | | | | |
| Alice | September 14 – 24, 1973 | Moderate tropical storm | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Madagascar | None | None |  |
| Bernadette | October 16 – 28, 1973 | Tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | None | None | None |  |
| Christiane | December 13 – 21, 1973 | Moderate tropical storm | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | None | None | None |  |
| Deidre–Delinda | December 26, 1973 – January 4, 1974 | Intense Tropical cyclone | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | None | None | None |  |
| Esmeralda | December 30, 1973 – January 5, 1974 | Moderate tropical storm | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | None | None | None |  |
| Fredegonde | February 24 – March 3, 1974 | Tropical disturbance | 45 km/h (30 mph) | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | None | None | None |  |
| Ghislaine | February 24 – March 3, 1974 | Tropical cyclone | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | None | None | None |  |
| Honorine | April 12 – 23, 1974 | Severe tropical storm | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | None | None | None |  |
| Season aggregates | | | | | | | | |
| 8 systems | 20 January – 7 May |  | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) |  |  |  |  |

* Atlantic hurricane seasons: 1973, 1974
* Eastern Pacific hurricane seasons: 1973, 1974
* Western Pacific typhoon seasons: 1973, 1974
* North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 1973, 1974

## InfoBox

| 1973–74 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season | |
| --- | --- |
| Season summary map | |
| Seasonal boundaries | |
| First system formed | 14 September 1973 |
| Last system dissipated | 23 April 1974 |
| Strongest storm | |
|  | |
| Name | Deidre-Delinda |
| Maximum winds | 150 km/h (90 mph)
(*10-minute sustained*) |
| Lowest pressure | 964 hPa (mbar) |
|  | |
| Seasonal statistics | |
| Total disturbances | 8 |
| Total depressions | 7 |
| Total storms | 7 |
| Tropical cyclones | 2 |
| Intense tropical cyclones | 1 |
| Total fatalities | Unknown |
| Total damage | Unknown |
| Related articles | |
|  | |
|


title: 1973–74 Southern Africa Tour

abstract: The 1973–74 Southern Africa Tour was the third season of the Southern Africa Tour, the main professional golf tour in South Africa since it was formed in 1971.

text:
# 1973–74 Southern Africa Tour

The **1973–74 Southern Africa Tour** was the third season of the Southern Africa Tour, the main professional golf tour in South Africa since it was formed in 1971.

## Schedule

The following table lists official events during the 1973–74 season.

| Date | Tournament | Location | Purse<br>() | Winner | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 Dec | Luyt Lager PGA Championship | Transvaal | 35,000 | Tom Weiskopf (n/a) |  |
| 9 Dec | Rhodesian Dunlop Masters | Rhodesia | Rh$10,000 | Dale Hayes (5) |  |
| 15 Dec | Rolux Open | Transvaal | 15,000 | Dale Hayes (6) | New tournament |
| 22 Dec | ICL Transvaal Open | Transvaal | 15,000 | Hugh Baiocchi (3) |  |
| 12 Jan | NCR Western Province Open | Cape | 14,000 | John Fourie (4) |  |
| 20 Jan | Vavasseur Natal Open | Natal | 15,000 | Bobby Cole (4) |  |
| 26 Jan | Dunlop South African Masters | Transvaal | 15,000 | Gary Player (5) |  |
| 2 Feb | South African Open | Transvaal | 18,000 | Bobby Cole (5) |  |
| 9 Feb | General Motors International Classic | Cape | 20,000 | Gary Player (6) |  |
| 15 Feb | Schoeman Park Open | Orange Free State | 10,000 | Cobie Legrange (1) |  |
| 23 Feb | Holiday Inns Open | Swaziland | 10,000 | Dale Hayes (7) |  |

## Order of Merit

The Order of Merit was based on tournament results during the season, calculated using a points-based system.

| Position | Player | Points |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Bobby Cole | 1,664 |
| 2 | Dale Hayes | 1,570 |
| 3 | John Fourie | 1,454 |
| 4 | Hugh Baiocchi | 1,377 |
| 5 | Allan Henning | 1,320 |

1. Simms, George (1975). *John Player Golf Yearbook 1975*. Queen Anne Press. pp. 140–153. ISBN 0362002134.
2. McCormack, Mark H. (1975). *The World of Professional Golf*. Collins. pp. 217–235, 408–418. ISBN 0002119552.

## InfoBox

1973–74 Southern Africa Tour season
| Duration | 28 November 1973 (1973-11-28) – 23 February 1974 (1974-02-23) |
| --- | --- |
| Number of official events | 11 |
| Most wins | Dale Hayes (3) |
| Order of Merit | Bobby Cole |
| 1972–73 1974–75 | |


title: 14 Shō: The Message

abstract: 14 Shō: The Message is the 14th studio album by the Japanese girl group Morning Musume '14. It was released in Japan on October 29, 2014.

text:
# 14 Shō: The Message

***14 Shō: The Message*** (*14章～The message～*, "Chapter 14: The Message") is the 14th studio album by the Japanese girl group Morning Musume '14. It was released in Japan on October 29, 2014.

## Release history

The album's release and its title were announced at the Morning Musume 18th anniversary concert that took place on September 14, 2014, at the Shinagawa Stellar Ball in Tokyo. Hello! Project producer Tsunku, recuperating from laryngeal cancer, didn't attend, but he sent a message in which he made the announcement. He also revealed that the album would feature surprise combinations of the group members singing songs together.

The album was released in three versions: Limited Edition A (CD + DVD) which is packaged in a digipak case with a booklet, Limited Edition B (CD + DVD), and Regular Edition (CD only). Both limited editions include a serial-numbered lottery card.

It is the last album to feature Sayumi Michishige, Riho Sayashi, and Kanon Suzuki.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Tsunku

CD
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Tiki Bun (Album Version)" | 5:13 |
| 2. | "Password is 0" | 4:31 |
| 3. | "Ashita o Tsukuru no wa Kimi" (明日を作るのは君) | 3:46 |
| 4. | "Kirari to Hikaru Hoshi" (キラリと光る星)
(Sung by: Riho Sayashi, Sakura Oda) | 3:48 |
| 5. | "Koibito ni wa Zettai ni Shiraretakunai Shinjitsu" (恋人には絶対に知られたくない真実)
(Sung by: Sayumi Michishige, Mizuki Fukumura, Haruna Iikubo) | 4:11 |
| 6. | "What is Love?" | 3:12 |
| 7. | "Watashi wa Watashi Nanda" (私は私なんだ) | 4:01 |
| 8. | "Waraenai Hanashi" (笑えない話) | 4:03 |
| 9. | "Egao no Kimi wa Taiyō sa" | 4:34 |
| 10. | "Kimi no Kawari wa Iyashinai" | 4:29 |
| 11. | "Otona ni Nareba Otona ni Nareru!?" (大人になれば 大人になれる)
(Sung by：Erina Ikuta, Kanon Suzuki, Ayumi Ishida, Masaki Sato, Haruka Kudo) | 3:57 |
| 12. | "Toki o Koe Sora o Koe" | 4:47 |

## InfoBox

| 14 Shō: The Message | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Morning Musume '14 | |
| Released | October 29, 2014 (2014-10-29) (JP) |
| Recorded | 2014 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 50:32 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| Morning Musume '14 chronology | |
| *13 Colorful Character*
(2012) ***14 Shō: The Message***
(2014) *15 Thank You, Too*
(2017) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *14 Shō: The Message* | |
| 1. "Egao no Kimi wa Taiyō sa / Kimi no Kawari wa Iyashinai / What is Love?"
Released: January 29, 2014 2. "Toki o Koe Sora o Koe / Password is 0"
Released: April 16, 2014 3. "Tiki Bun"
Released: October 15, 2014 | |
|  | |


title: 14 Squadron SAAF

abstract: 14 Squadron was a South African Air Force Squadron during the Second World War. The Squadron was initially deployed to East Africa and was transferred to Egypt in April 1941 when hostilities ceased in East Africa. It had been partially re-equipped with Marylands in early 1941 and was fully converted to these aircraft once in Egypt. On arrival in Egypt, it was renamed 24 Squadron SAAF in order to prevent confusion with RAF No. 14 Squadron.

text:
# 14 Squadron SAAF

**14 Squadron** was a South African Air Force Squadron during the Second World War. The Squadron was initially deployed to East Africa and was transferred to Egypt in April 1941 when hostilities ceased in East Africa. It had been partially re-equipped with Marylands in early 1941 and was fully converted to these aircraft once in Egypt. On arrival in Egypt, it was renamed 24 Squadron SAAF in order to prevent confusion with RAF No. 14 Squadron.

## InfoBox

| 14 Squadron, SAAF | |
| --- | --- |
| 24 Sqn Maryland being refuelled at Ma'aten Bagush, Egypt | |
| Active | ??-21 April 1941 |
| Country |  |
| Branch | South African Air Force |
| Role | Medium Bomber |


title: Eli Wolf

abstract: Elijah Jackson Wolf is a former American football tight end who played in the National Football League. Wolf played college football at Georgia and Tennessee. Wolf played for the Baltimore Ravens, Indianapolis Colts, Green Bay Packers, and Washington Commanders.

text:
# Eli Wolf

**Elijah Jackson Wolf** (born March 11, 1997) is a former American football tight end who played in the National Football League. Wolf played college football at Georgia and Tennessee. Wolf played for the Baltimore Ravens, Indianapolis Colts, Green Bay Packers, and Washington Commanders.

## High school

Wolf attended Minster High School in Minster, Ohio. While at Minster High school, Wolf originally was a wide receiver, but later made the change to his current tight end position.

Wolf caught the winning touchdown of the state championship game in his senior year of high school.

## College career

After finishing his high school career, Wolf first committed to Eastern Michigan University. However, after a friend was killed, Wolf later decommitted from Eastern Michigan and decided to join his brother Ethan Wolf at Tennessee, where Eli was a walk-on. While at Tennessee, Wolf only had 8 receptions for 86 yards and 1 touchdown in 3 years. This was due in part to the fact that Tennessee had a different offensive coordinator in each of his three years there. After his Junior year, Wolf decided to enter the transfer portal and transferred to the Georgia Bulldogs. At Georgia, Wolf had 13 receptions for 194 yards, which in one year was more than he amassed at Tennessee in 3 years, and 1 touchdown. After the 2019 college football season, Wolf declared for the NFL Draft.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 ft 4+14 in
(1.94 m) | 238 lb
(108 kg) | 31+58 in
(0.80 m) | 9+14 in
(0.23 m) |
| All values from Pro Day | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Baltimore Ravens

Wolf signed with the Baltimore Ravens as an undrafted free agent following the 2020 NFL draft on May 5, 2020. He was waived during final roster cuts on September 5, 2020, and signed to the team's practice squad the next day. He was placed on the practice squad/injured list on November 3, 2020, and restored to the practice squad on December 10. On January 18, 2021, Wolf signed a reserve/futures contract with the Ravens. He was waived on August 16, 2021.

### Indianapolis Colts

On October 26, 2021, Wolf was signed to the Indianapolis Colts practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract on January 10, 2022. He was waived on May 10, 2022.

### Green Bay Packers

On May 12, 2022, Wolf was claimed off waivers by the Green Bay Packers. He was released on July 22, 2022.

### Washington Commanders

On August 7, 2022, Wolf signed with the Washington Commanders. He was placed on injured reserve on August 22, 2022.

Wolf announced his retirement on March 19, 2023.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Eli Wolf
| Wolf in 2015 | |
| --- | --- |
| No. 85, 46 | |
| Position: | Tight end |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1997-03-11) March 11, 1997
Minster, Ohio, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) |
| Weight: | 238 lb (108 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Minster
(Minster, Ohio) |
| College: | Tennessee (2015–2018)
Georgia (2019) |
| Undrafted: | 2020 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


abstract: The 1977 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships took place between June 9–10 at Drake Stadium on the campus of University of California, Los Angeles in Westwood, California. The decathlon took place on July 9–10 in Bloomington, Indiana. This meet was organized by the AAU.

text:
# 1977 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships

The **1977 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships** took place between June 9–10 at Drake Stadium on the campus of University of California, Los Angeles in Westwood, California. The decathlon took place on July 9–10 in Bloomington, Indiana. This meet was organized by the AAU.

## Results

### Men track events

| Event | Gold | | Silver | | Bronze | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 100 meters | Donald Quarrie
Jamaica
Steve Williams | 10.12

10.24 | Mike Kee | 10.27 | Steve Riddick | 10.36 |
| 200 meters | Derald Harris | 20.6 | James Gilkes
Guyana
William Collins | 20.6

20.7 | Cliff Wiley | 20.8 |
| 400 meters | Robert E. Taylor | 45.44 | Tony Darden | 45.60 | Maxie Parks | 45.81 |
| 800 meters | Mark Belger | 1.45.81 | Seymour Newman
Jamaica
James Robinson | 1.45.90

1.46.04 | Mark Enyeart | 1.46.11 |
| 1500 meters | Steve Scott | 3.37.3 MRm | Wilson Waigwa
Kenya
Michael Slack | 3.37.3

3.37.5 | Phil Kane | 3.39.4 |
| 5000 meters | Martin Liquori | 13.41.6 | Gregory Fredericks | 13.42.9 | Randy Melancon | 13.43.6 |
| 10,000 meters | Frank Shorter | 28.19.8 | Rick Rojas | 28.50.6 | Randy Thomas | 29.01.2 |
| Marathon (42.195 km.) | Hakan Spik
Finland
Edward Schelegle | 2.17.49

2.18.11 | Joe Carlson | 2.20.13 | Dave Babiracki | 2.20.38 |
| 110 meters hurdles | Charles Foster | 13.49 | James Owens | 13.49 | Willie Davenport | 13.56 |
| 400 meters hurdles | Edwin Moses | 47.45 WR | Tom Andrews | 49.03 | James Walker | 49.21 |
| 3000 meters steeplechase | James Munyala
Kenya
George Malley | 8.21.6 MR

8.22.54 AR | Ron Addison | 8.22.8 | Henry Marsh | 8.25.8 |

### Men field events

| Event | Gold | | Silver | | Bronze | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| High Jump | Dwight Stones | 2.29 m (7 ft 6 in) MR | Franklin Jacobs | 2.27 m (7 ft 5+14 in) | Rory Kotinek | 2.27 m (7 ft 5+14 in) |
| Pole Vault | Mike Tully | 5.54 m (18 ft 2 in) MR | Dan Ripley | 5.43 m (17 ft 9+34 in) | Larry Jessee | 5.43 m (17 ft 9+34 in) |
| Long Jump | Arnie Robinson | 8.24 m (27 ft 14 in) | Charlton Ehizuelen
Nigeria
Anthony Carter | 8.15 m (26 ft 8+34 in)w

8.14 m (26 ft 8+14 in)w | James Lofton | 8.11 m (26 ft 7+14 in) |
| Triple Jump | Caleb Abdul Rahman | 17.38 m (57 ft 14 in)w | James Butts | 17.00 m (55 ft 9+14 in)w | Ron Livers | 16.93 m (55 ft 6+12 in)w |
| Shot Put | Terry Albritton | 20.50 m (67 ft 3 in) | Al Feuerbach | 20.47 m (67 ft 1+34 in) | Peter Shmock | 20.24 m (66 ft 4+34 in) |
| Discus Throw | Mac Wilkins | 69.19 m (227 ft 0 in) | Ken Stadel | 66.42 m (217 ft 10 in) | John Powell | 65.68 m (215 ft 5 in) |
| Hammer Throw | Emmitt Berry | 67.84 m (222 ft 6 in) | Peter Farmer
Australia
Boris Djerassi | 67.64 m (221 ft 10 in)

66.57 m (218 ft 4 in) | George Frenn | 63.65 m (208 ft 9 in) |
| Javelin Throw | Bruce Kennedy
Rhodesia
Rod Ewaliko | 79.93 m (262 ft 2 in)

79.50 m (260 ft 9 in) | Anthony Hall | 79.12 m (259 ft 6 in) | Richard George | 77.80 m (255 ft 2 in) |
| Decathlon | Fred Dixon | 8037 | John Warkentin | 8031 | Roger George | 7748 |

### Women track events

| Event | Gold | | Silver | | Bronze | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 100 meters | Evelyn Ashford | 11.14w | Brenda Morehead | 11.19w | Chandra Cheeseborough | 11.36w |
| 200 meters | Evelyn Ashford | 22.62 | Deborah Jones
Bermuda
Chandra Cheeseborough | 23.05

23.20 | Brenda Morehead | 23.33 |
| 400 meters | Sharon Dabney | 51.55 MR | Lorna Forde
Barbados
Rosalyn Bryant | 52.00

53.44 | Kim Thomas | 53.58 |
| 800 meters | Sue Latter | 2.03.8 | Julie Brown | 2.04.0 | Tecla Chemabwai
Kenya
Cyndy Poor | 2.07.7

2.04.7 |
| 1500 meters | Francie Larrieu | 4.08.2 | Janice Merrill | 4.09.3 | Cindy Bremser | 4.11.8 |
| 3000 meters | Janice Merrill | 9.00.2 | Cindy Bremser | 9.04.0 | Francie Larrieu | 9.16.7 |
| 10000 meters | Peggy Neppel | 33.15.1 WR | Karen Bridges | 34.27.9 | Lori Ann Thrupp | 34.40.5 |
| Marathon Minneapolis | Leal-Ann Reinhart | 2.46.34 | Cindy Dalrymple | 2.49.11 | Nina Kuscsik | 2.50.22 |
| 100 meters hurdles | Patricia Van Wolvelaere | 13.15w | Debbie LaPlante | 13.21w | Modupe Oshikoya
Nigeria
Mary Smith | 13.45w

13.75w |
| 400 meters hurdles | Mary Ayers | 56.61 AR | Debbie Esser | 56.90 | Sandra Levinski | 57.90 |

### Women field events

| Event | Gold | | Silver | | Bronze | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| High Jump | Joni Huntley | 1.85 m (6 ft 34 in) | Louise Ritter | 1.80 m (5 ft 10+34 in) | Paula Girven | 1.80 m (5 ft 10+34 in) |
| Long Jump | Jodi Anderson | 6.63 m (21 ft 9 in) | Kathy McMillan | 6.53 m (21 ft 5 in) | Lorraine Ray | 6.46 m (21 ft 2+14 in) |
| Shot Put | Maren Seidler | 16.49 m (54 ft 1 in) | Jane Frederick | 15.55 m (51 ft 0 in) | Kathy Devine | 15.10 m (49 ft 6+14 in) |
| Discus Throw | Jane Haist
Canada
Lynne Winbigler | 58.98 m (193 ft 6 in)

57.06 m (187 ft 2 in) AR | Jan Svendsen | 53.59 m (175 ft 9 in) | Karen Marshall | 51.28 m (168 ft 2 in) |
| Javelin Throw | Kathy Schmidt | 61.14 m (200 ft 7 in) | Sherry Calvert | 58.27 m (191 ft 2 in) | Lynn Cannon | 57.43 m (188 ft 5 in) |
| Pentathlon | Linda Cornelius | 3919 | Teri Seippel | 3719 | Heidi Hertz | 3708 |

## InfoBox

| 1977 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | June 9–10 |
| Host city | Westwood, California, United States |
| Venue | Drake Stadium University of California, Los Angeles |
| 1976 1978 | |


title: Andrachne

abstract: Andrachne is a genus of flowering plants in the family Phyllanthaceae described by Linnaeus in 1753. It is one of eight genera in the tribe Poranthereae. They are monoecious herbs or subshrubs, native to semideserts and desert margins of the Americas, southern Europe, North Africa, and South Asia. Linnaeus took the name from Theophrastus, but it is not clear to which plant Theophrastus applied the name. Actually, the etymology of the genus name corresponds to the Ancient Greek word ἀνδράχνη (andrákhnē), meaning either "common purslane" or "wild strawberry".

text:
# Andrachne

***Andrachne*** is a genus of flowering plants in the family Phyllanthaceae described by Linnaeus in 1753. It is one of eight genera in the tribe Poranthereae.

They are monoecious herbs or subshrubs, native to semideserts and desert margins of the Americas, southern Europe, North Africa, and South Asia. Linnaeus took the name from Theophrastus, but it is not clear to which plant Theophrastus applied the name. Actually, the etymology of the genus name corresponds to the Ancient Greek word ἀνδράχνη (*andrákhnē*), meaning either "common purslane" (*Portulaca oleracea*) or "wild strawberry" (*Fragaria vesca*).

## Systematics

### Species list

The *Andrachne* genus includes the following species.

1. *Andrachne afghanica* \- Afghanistan
2. *Andrachne aspera* \- NW Africa, E Africa + SW Asia from Egypt + Ethiopia to Pakistan
3. *Andrachne brittonii* \- Cuba, Haiti
4. *Andrachne buschiana* \- Transcaucasus
5. *Andrachne ephemera* \- Ethiopia
6. *Andrachne fedtschenkoi* \- Turkmenistan, Tajikistan
7. *Andrachne filiformis* \- Transcaucasus
8. *Andrachne fragilis* \- Somalia
9. *Andrachne fruticulosa* \- SW Iran
10. *Andrachne maroccana* \- Morocco
11. *Andrachne merxmuelleri* \- Iran
12. *Andrachne microphylla* \- Baja California Sur, Sonora, Peru
13. *Andrachne minutifolia* \- N Iran
14. *Andrachne pulvinata* \- N Iran
15. *Andrachne pusilla* \- Tajikistan
16. *Andrachne pygmaea* \- Kyrgyzstan
17. *Andrachne ramosa* \- Iran
18. *Andrachne reflexa* \- Iran
19. *Andrachne schweinfurthii* \- Somalia, Socotra
20. *Andrachne stenophylla* \- S Turkmenistan, N Iran
21. *Andrachne telephioides* \- Mediterranean, E Africa, SW + S + C Asia
22. *Andrachne virgatenuis* \- Tajikistan

### Formerly included

The following species were formerly included in *Andrachne* before being moved to the other genera *Bischofia, Breynia, Bridelia, Cleistanthus, Leptopus, Meineckia, Notoleptopus, Phyllanthus, Phyllanthopsis, Pseudophyllanthus, and Sauropus*.

1. *A. apetala - Bischofia javanica*
2. *A. arborea - Phyllanthus grandifolius*
3. *A. arida - Phyllanthopsis arida*
4. *A. attenuata - Leptopus clarkei*
5. *A. australis - Leptopus australis*
6. *A. bodinieri - Leptopus chinensis*
7. *A. cadishaco - Cleistanthus collinus*
8. *A. cadishan - Leptopus chinensis*
9. *A. calcarea - Leptopus australis*
10. *A. capensis - Pseudophyllanthus ovalis*
11. *A. capillipes - Leptopus chinensis*
12. *A. cavaleriei - Leptopus chinensis*
13. *A. cerebroides - Meineckia cerebroides*
14. *A. chinensis - Leptopus chinensis*
15. *A. clarkei - Leptopus clarkei*
16. *A. colchica - Leptopus chinensis*
17. *A. cordifolia - Leptopus cordifolius*
18. *A. cuneifolia - Phyllanthus cuneifolius*
19. *A. decaisneana - Leptopus cordifolius*
20. *A. decaisnei - Notoleptopus decaisnei*
21. *A. doonkyboisca - Bridelia retusa*
22. *A. dregeana - Pseudophyllanthus ovalis*
23. *A. elliptica - Bridelia montana*
24. *A. emicans - Leptopus emicans*
25. *A. esquirolii - Leptopus clarkei*
26. *A. fruticosa* L. \- *Breynia fruticosa*
27. *A. fruticosa* Decne. ex Müll.Arg. \- *Notoleptopus decaisnei*
28. *A. fruticosa* B.Heyne ex Hook.f. \- *Meineckia parvifolia*
29. *A. fruticosa var. orbicularis* (Benth.) Pax & K.Hoffm. \- *Notoleptopus decaisnei*
30. *A. gracilipes - Meineckia gracilipes*
31. *A. hainanensis - Leptopus hainanensis*
32. *A. hirsuta - Leptopus chinensis*
33. *A. hirta - Leptopus australis*
34. *A. hypoglauca - Leptopus clarkei*
35. *A. lanceolata - Leptopus australis*
36. *A. lolonum - Leptopus chinensis*
37. *A. montana - Leptopus chinensis*
38. *A. nana - Leptopus chinensis*
39. *A. orbicularis - Notoleptopus decaisnei*
40. *A. orbiculata - Cleistanthus collinus*
41. *A. ovalis - Pseudophyllanthus ovalis*
42. *A. ovata - Sauropus androgynus*
43. *A. pachyphylla - Leptopus pachyphyllus*
44. *A. persicariifolia - Leptopus clarkei*
45. *A. phyllanthoides - Phyllanthopsis phyllanthoides*
46. *A. polypetala - Leptopus australis*
47. *A. pumila - Phyllanthus caroliniensis*
48. *A. reverchonii - Phyllanthopsis phyllanthoides*
49. *A. robinsonii - Leptopus robinsonii*
50. *A. roemeriana - Phyllanthopsis phyllanthoides*
51. *A. schaffneriana - Phyllanthus caroliniensis*
52. *A. tenera - Leptopus australis*
53. *A. trifoliata - Bischofia javanica*
54. *A. yunnanensis - Leptopus chinensis*

## InfoBox

| *Andrachne* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Andrachne telephioides* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Phyllanthaceae |
| Subfamily: | Phyllanthoideae |
| Tribe: | Poranthereae |
| Genus: | *Andrachne*
L. |
|
| Type species | |
| *Andrachne telephioides*
L. | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eraclissa* Forssk. * *Arachne* Neck. * *Telephioides* Tourn. ex Moench * *Lepidanthus* Nutt. 1837, illegitimate homonym, not Nees 1830 (Restionaceae) * *Phyllanthidea* Didr. | |


title: André Jung (actor)

abstract: André Jung is a Luxembourgish theatre and film actor. He studied performing arts at the State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart and subsequently worked at various theatres, including the Theater Basel, the Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg, and the Schauspielhaus Zürich.

text:
# André Jung (actor)

**André Jung** (born 13 December 1953) is a Luxembourgish theatre and film actor. He studied performing arts at the State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart and subsequently worked at various theatres, including the Theater Basel, the Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg, and the Schauspielhaus Zürich.

## Selected filmography

Film
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2001 | *Das Experiment* |  |  |
| 2012 | *Blind Spot* | Inspector Hastert |  |
| 2014 | *Coming In* |  |  |
| 2016 | *Das Tagebuch der Anne Frank* |  |  |
| | *Egon Schiele: Death and the Maiden* |  |  |
| 2019 | *Lara* |  |  |

TV
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 | *Morgen hör ich auf* | Andreas Gerlach |  |
| 2022 | Capitani | Gilbert ‘Gibbes’ König |  |

## Awards

## InfoBox

| André Jung | |
| --- | --- |
| Jung in 2009 | |
| Born | (1953-12-13) 13 December 1953<br>Luxembourg |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1985–present |


title: Disfluency (film)

abstract: Disfluency is a 2018 American short film directed by Laura Holliday and starring Libe Barer. Disfluency is a short film that follows a young woman through her daily life, from her passive usage of the phrase "I'm sorry," to her being raped and the emotional aftermath.

text:
# Disfluency (film)

***Disfluency*** is a 2018 American short film directed by Laura Holliday and starring Libe Barer. *Disfluency* is a short film that follows a young woman through her daily life, from her passive usage of the phrase "I'm sorry," to her being raped and the emotional aftermath.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Disfluency | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Laura Holliday |
| Story by | Anna Baumgarten |
| Produced by | Anna Baumgarten |
| Starring | Libe Barer |
| Release date | * October 27, 2018 (2018-10-27) (NFFTY) |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Andrew Zorard

abstract: Andrew Zorard was a Benedictine monk originating from Poland but active in Slovakia, who is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Churches

text:
# Andrew Zorard

**Andrew Zorard** (Hungarian: *Zoerárd András*, *Szórád*, *Zoárd*; Polish: *Andrzej Świerad*, *Żurawek*, *Żórawek*, *Świrad*, and *Wszechrad*; Slovak: *Svorad*, *Andrej Svorad*, Czech: *Sverad*; German: *Zoërard*, Latin: *Zoerardus*) was a Benedictine monk originating from Poland but active in Slovakia (then Hungary), who is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Churches

## Life

Zorard was born around 980 in Opatowiec, a small village in Poland. A tradition in the small village of Tropie holds that in his youth he lived near there as a monk. At around the year 1000, at about the age of 20, he began living as a hermit and a missionary, evangelizing in Olawa, Silesia (modern Poland). At some time, he also traveled to northern Hungary (Slovakia)

Around the year 1003 Zorard settled in St. Hippolytus Monastery on Mt. Zobor near Nitra \- then part of the Kingdom of Hungary, present day Slovakia. He became a Benedictine monk in the Abbey. He took the name "Andrew". There he became the spiritual guide of Benedict of Skalka. Zorard and Benedict, with the permission of their superior Philip, later left the monastery and became hermits in a cave along the Váh River near Skalka nad Váhom not far from Trenčín. Andrew died of natural causes around 1009. He practiced such severe austerities that, according to legend, the iron chain, which he wore wrapped around the belt, eventually grew into his body.

Benedict continued to live in the cave for three years until he was murdered by a gang of thieves looking for treasure. In 1083 Zorard's relics were transferred to St. Emmeram's Cathedral in Nitra where they remain to this day. A biography of Benedict and Zorard was written by Maurus of Nitra, Bishop of Pécs, in which it says that Zorard led a hermit life living in a small cave near the monastery. The cave has since been called *Svoradova* (Zorard's).

## Feast Day and veneration

Andrew is venerated especially in Slovakia, Hungary, and Poland, but also in diaspora communities of the United States. His feast day is 17 July, but in some calendars he is venerated together with Benedict on 13 July.

King Géza I of Hungary declared him one of the patron saints of Hungary. Zorard died around 1009. As early as 1064, Géza took the first steps towards his canonization. The cult of Zorard was officially confirmed in July 1083 by Pope Gregory VII, thanks to the Hungarian King Ladislaus I. Zorard's remains are located in the St. Emmeram's Cathedral in Nitra.

## Further reading

* Hoffmann H.: Die Heilige Zoerad. Archiv für schlesische Kirchengeschichte 3. 1938, p. 283-286.
* Semkowicz Władysław: Andrzej Świerad. In: Polski Słownik Biograficzny. Vol. 1. 1935, p. 100-101.
* Silnicki T.: Dzieje Kościoła na Śląsku. Warszawa 1953, p. 25, 94.
* Wędzki Andrzej: Andrzej-Świerad. In: Słownik Starożytności Słowiańskich. Vol. 1961, p. 24-25.
* Wojciechowski Tadeusz: Eremici reguły św. Romualda. In: Szkice historyczne XI wieku. Kraków 1904, p. 53-58.

## InfoBox

| Saint
Andrew Zorard | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | c. 980
Opatowiec, Kazimierza, Poland |
| Died | c. 1009
Zobor Mountain, near Nitra, Kingdom of Hungary (modern day Slovakia) |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church
Eastern Orthodox Church |
| Canonized | 1083 by Pope Gregory VII |
| Major shrine | St. Emmeram's Cathedral |
| Feast | June 13 (in Poland), July 17 (in Slovakia) |
| Attributes | walnuts, eagle, chain, axe, rocks |
| Patronage | Hungary, Nitra, Diocese of Nitra, Diocese of Tarnów, St. Andrew Abbey in Cleveland |


title: Długa Wieś Druga

abstract: Długa Wieś Druga is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stawiszyn, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) north-west of Stawiszyn, 20 km (12 mi) north of Kalisz, and 96 km (60 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

text:
# Długa Wieś Druga

**Długa Wieś Druga** \[ˈdwuɡa ˈvjɛɕ ˈdruɡa\] (literal translation: Long Second Village) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Stawiszyn, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) north-west of Stawiszyn, 20 km (12 mi) north of Kalisz, and 96 km (60 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

## InfoBox

| Długa Wieś Druga | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Długa Wieś Druga | |
| Coordinates: 51°56′N 18°6′E / 51.933°N 18.100°E / 51.933; 18.100 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Kalisz |
| Gmina | Stawiszyn |


title: Akshay Yadav

abstract: Akshay Yadav is an Indian politician belonging to Samajwadi Party in Uttar Pradesh. He is currently member of the Parliament from Firozabad and had won with a margin of 1,14,000 votes in 2024 Indian general election.

text:
# Akshay Yadav

**Akshay Yadav** (born 25 October 1986) is an Indian politician belonging to Samajwadi Party in Uttar Pradesh. He is currently member of the Parliament from Firozabad and had won with a margin of 1,14,000 votes in 2024 Indian general election.

## Early life

Akshay Yadav was born in Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India, on 25 October 1986 to Ram Gopal Yadav and Phoolan Devi. His mother Phoolan died in August 2010.

He had 1 sister and 2 brothers. His brother Asit Yadav (Billu Yadav) died in a road accident in 1999.

Akshay was educated at Amity University, Noida and Deep Memorial Public School, Ghaziabad.

## Personal life

Akshay Yadav is married to Dr. Richa Yadav since 10 February 2010 and the couple has a son and a daughter.

## Positions held

Akshay Yadav is currently serving as 2nd term Lok Sabha MP.

| # | From | To | Positions | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | 2014 | 2019 | MP (1st term) in 16th Lok Sabha from Firozabad | SP |
| 2. | 2024 | Present | MP (2nd term) in 18th Lok Sabha from Firozabad | SP |

## InfoBox

| Akshay Yadav | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament in Lok Sabha | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
4 June 2024 | |
| Preceded by | Chandrasen Jadon |
| **In office**
16 May 2014  23 May 2019 | |
| Preceded by | Raj Babbar |
| Succeeded by | Chandrasen Jadon |
| Constituency | Firozabad |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1986-10-25) 25 October 1986
Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India |
| Political party | Samajwadi Party |
| Spouse | Dr. Richa Yadav |
| Relations | Mulayam Singh Yadav (uncle)
Shivpal Singh Yadav (uncle)
Akhilesh Yadav (cousin)
Dharmendra Yadav (cousin) |
| Children | 2 (1 son and 1 daughter) |
| Parents |  |
| Residence | Etawah |
| Alma mater | Amity University, Noida
Deep Memorial Public School, Ghaziabad |
| Profession | Politician |
| Website | www.samajwadiparty.in |
| Source: | |


title: 'A vucchella

abstract: "'A vucchella" is a Neapolitan song composed by Paolo Tosti. The poet who wrote the words of this song was the 19th century lyric poet, Gabriele D'Annunzio. He was not from Naples, but from Pescara, a city in the region of Abruzzo. With the Neapolitan melodic song tradition being so popular worldwide, D'Annunzio wanted to prove himself able to write in the Neapolitan dialect, and managed to do so quite convincingly for this song, "La vucchella". One interpretation is that the woman's mouth is like a little rose's petal when it becomes a bit dried out and battered in the cold weather. The poet has turned his gaze on the woman's face and focussed on the woman's mouth, specifically. "'A vucchella" is thus a synecdoche – the part for the whole. D'Annunzio was known as a lover of women of all ages, so one cannot exclude the possibility that the woman in question, whose rose-like dried mouth the poet was writing about, was in her late forties or even older. The text does not belong to the old Seventeenth/Eighteenth century Neapolitan lyric tradition, and was specially written for Tosti by Gabriele D'Annunzio in the first half of the 1900s.

text:
# 'A vucchella

"**'A vucchella**" is a Neapolitan song composed by Paolo Tosti. The poet who wrote the words of this song was the 19th century lyric poet, Gabriele D'Annunzio. He was not from Naples, but from Pescara, a city in the region of Abruzzo. With the Neapolitan melodic song tradition being so popular worldwide, D'Annunzio wanted to prove himself able to write in the Neapolitan dialect, and managed to do so quite convincingly for this song, "La vucchella".

One interpretation is that the woman's mouth is like a little rose's petal when it becomes a bit dried out and battered in the cold weather. The poet has turned his gaze on the woman's face and focussed on the woman's mouth, specifically. "'A vucchella" is thus a synecdoche – the part for the whole.

D'Annunzio was known as a lover of women of all ages, so one cannot exclude the possibility that the woman in question, whose rose-like dried mouth the poet was writing about, was in her late forties or even older. The text does not belong to the old Seventeenth/Eighteenth century Neapolitan lyric tradition, and was specially written for Tosti by Gabriele D'Annunzio in the first half of the 1900s.


title: Anerastia incarnata

abstract: Anerastia incarnata is a species of snout moth in the genus Anerastia. It was described by Staudinger, 1879. It is found on Sicily.

text:
# Anerastia incarnata

***Anerastia incarnata*** is a species of snout moth in the genus *Anerastia*. It was described by Staudinger, 1879. It is found on Sicily.

## InfoBox

| *Anerastia incarnata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Anerastia* |
| Species: | ***A. incarnata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Anerastia incarnata***<br>Staudinger, 1879 | |
|


title: Anerastia

abstract: Anerastia is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Jacob Hübner in 1825 and is known from Egypt and Sudan.

text:
# Anerastia

***Anerastia*** is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Jacob Hübner in 1825 and is known from Egypt and Sudan.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Anerastia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Tribe: | Anerastiini |
| Genus: | *Anerastia*<br>Hübner, 1825 |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Anerastria* Hübner, 1826 * *Prinanerastia* Hampson, 1918 * *Prinanerastria* Sharp, 1920 | |


title: Angel Penna Sr.

abstract: Angel A. Penna Sr. was an Argentine-born U. S. Racing Hall of Fame Thoroughbred horse trainer. Penna was an international trainer who worked and raced on three continents. He conditioned more than 250 graded stakes race winners during a career that began in 1950 and lasted for more than forty years. Born in Buenos Aires to a racing family, Angel Penna's father, father-in-law, and an uncle were all horse trainers. Angel Penna worked as an assistant to his father until going out on his own in 1942. He won leading trainer honors in his native Argentina in 1952 and in Venezuela in 1954 then began competing in the United States. After moving permanently to the U.S. in 1961 he raced at tracks from coast to coast and was notably successful with Harry F. Guggenheim's colt, Bold Reason. In 1972, Angel Penna went to France, where he would become a major figure in European Thoroughbred racing. Penna won the 1972 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe with the filly San San. Hired by leading French horseman Daniel Wildenstein, Penna won his second Arc in 1974 with the future Hall of Fame filly Allez France and earned French Leading Trainer honors that year. In addition to capturing important Group One races in France, Penna also raced Wildenstein's horses in the United Kingdom where he won three of that country's Classic Races. Angel Penna returned to the United States in 1978 with Daniel Wildenstein horses including Waya with whom he won that year's Turf Classic and Man O' War Stakes. He was soon hired by renowned American horse owner Ogden Phipps for whom he trained Relaxing, the 1981 U.S. Champion Older Female and won a number of important stakes races. In 1988, Angel Penna Sr. was inducted into the United States' National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame. He was living in Old Westbury, New York, at the time of his death in 1992. His son Angel Penna Jr. is also a successful trainer working in the U.S. who was the New York Thoroughbred Breeders' Trainer of the Year in 1995.

text:
# Angel Penna Sr.

**Angel A. Penna Sr.** (September 30, 1923 – January 15, 1992) was an Argentine-born U. S. Racing Hall of Fame Thoroughbred horse trainer. Penna was an international trainer who worked and raced on three continents. He conditioned more than 250 graded stakes race winners during a career that began in 1950 and lasted for more than forty years.

Born in Buenos Aires to a racing family, Angel Penna's father, father-in-law, and an uncle were all horse trainers. Angel Penna worked as an assistant to his father until going out on his own in 1942.

He won leading trainer honors in his native Argentina in 1952 and in Venezuela in 1954 then began competing in the United States. After moving permanently to the U.S. in 1961 he raced at tracks from coast to coast and was notably successful with Harry F. Guggenheim's colt, Bold Reason. In 1972, Angel Penna went to France, where he would become a major figure in European Thoroughbred racing.

Penna won the 1972 Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe with the filly San San. Hired by leading French horseman Daniel Wildenstein, Penna won his second Arc in 1974 with the future Hall of Fame filly Allez France and earned French Leading Trainer honors that year. In addition to capturing important Group One races in France, Penna also raced Wildenstein's horses in the United Kingdom where he won three of that country's Classic Races.

Angel Penna returned to the United States in 1978 with Daniel Wildenstein horses including Waya with whom he won that year's Turf Classic and Man O' War Stakes. He was soon hired by renowned American horse owner Ogden Phipps for whom he trained Relaxing, the 1981 U.S. Champion Older Female and won a number of important stakes races.

In 1988, Angel Penna Sr. was inducted into the United States' National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame. He was living in Old Westbury, New York, at the time of his death in 1992. His son Angel Penna Jr. (born 1948) is also a successful trainer working in the U.S. who was the New York Thoroughbred Breeders' Trainer of the Year in 1995.

## Selected Group One European wins

## Selected Grade I North American wins

## InfoBox

| Angel Penna Sr. | |
| --- | --- |
| Occupation | Trainer |
| Born | September 30, 1923
Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Died | January 15, 1992 (aged 68) |
| Career wins | Not found |
| Major racing wins | |
| Roamer Handicap (1969)
Massachusetts Handicap (1970)
Tremont Stakes (1970)
Hollywood Derby (1971)
Lexington Handicap (1971)
Travers Stakes (1971)
Prix de Diane (1973)
Prix d'Ispahan (1973, 1974)
Prix Ganay (1974, 1975)
K. George VI & Q. Elizabeth Stakes (1976)
Poule d'Essai des Pouliches (1977)
Turf Classic (1978)
Widener Handicap (1980)
Gulfstream Park Handicap (1980)
United Nations Stakes (1980, 1988)
Fort Marcy Handicap (1981, 1988)
Beldame Stakes (1983)
Rothmans International Stakes (1986)
Royal Palm Handicap (1989)**French Classic Race wins:**
Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe (1972, 1974)
**British Classic Race wins:**
Epsom Oaks (1976)
St. Leger Stakes (1976)
1,000 Guineas (1976) | |
| Racing awards | |
| Leading Trainer in Argentina (1952)
Leading Trainer in Venezuela (1954)
Leading Trainer in France (1974) | |
| Honors | |
| United States Racing Hall of Fame (1988) | |
| Significant horses | |
| Allez France, Bold Reason, Crow, Flying Water, Pawneese, Relaxing, San San, Waya | |


title: 100th Guards Rifle Division

abstract: The 100th Guards Rifle Division was an elite Red Army airborne infantry division during World War II. The division fought in the Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive and the Vienna Offensive. Postwar, it was designated as an airborne division and disbanded in 1955.

text:
# 100th Guards Rifle Division

The **100th Guards Rifle Division** was an elite Red Army airborne infantry division during World War II. The division fought in the Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive and the Vienna Offensive. Postwar, it was designated as an airborne division and disbanded in 1955.

## Creation

From the beginning of the war, the Soviet Army strongly emphasized the development of airborne forces and their use behind enemy lines. Paradrops were often conducted in multi-regimental strengths, the most notable of these being the Vyaz'ma paradrop in 1942 and the Dnieper-Bukrinsk paradrop in 1943.

The 15th Guards Airborne Division (Russian: *15-я гвардейская воздушно-десантная дивизия*) was created in June 1943 and initially deployed in the cities of Ramenskoye and Zvenigorod. It incorporated three airborne brigades (9th, 10th and 12th Airborne Brigades) and was commanded by Major General Vasilii Andreevich Leshchinin.

On 19 January 1944, the division was renamed the 100th Guards Rifle Division and its component brigades renamed the 298th, 301st and 304th Guards Rifle Regiments. In addition to this core strength, the division had two artillery regiments and various complementary contingents, including communications. By mid-1944, its strength reached 12,000 men. This number was unusually high for a formation of this type, as Red Army divisions usually had strengths of about 6,000 to 7,000.

## Combat history

In June 1944, the division was sent to the Karelian Front to take place in an operation aimed at clearing Karelia of Finnish forces. The attack started on June 21, 1944, with the 100th Guards Rifle Division performing a force-crossing of the Svir River. After three days of violent attacks, Finnish defenses were overrun and the Leningrad Oblast completely liberated.

The offensive resumed shortly afterwards, and had to pass through the former Mannerheim Line, reinforced between 1941 and 1944. Taking heavy casualties, the division advanced north and arrived to the shore of Vidlitsa river on July 1, 1944. A day later, the river was crossed in force and the division resumed its offensive. However, it was stopped three days later by another river coupled with extensive defensive fortification. After yet another assault crossing and heavy fight, the offensive stopped on July 14, 1944, and the division assumed a defensive stance until mid-August. The operation lasted in total for 40 days, with the division advancing more than 200 kilometers starting from its initial positions around Leningrad. The Svir River, crossed in force by the division, would later give its name to the unit.

In August 1944, the division was relocated to Kalinin and renamed the 100th Guards Svir Airborne Division, only to be renamed back to 100th Guards Svir Rifle Division a few months later. After receiving reinforcements and a new commander, Major General Ivan Alekseevich Makarenko, the division was transported to Hungary in January 1945 and integrated into the 9th Guards Army's 39th Guards Rifle Corps.

Starting from mid-February, the division was part of the Soviet reserve force during the German Operation Frühlingserwachen, east of Lake Balaton, in which the 6th SS Panzer Army was trying to get through Soviet defenses. On March 16, 1945, the Wehrmacht's offensive was stopped, and an offensive on Vienna was launched immediately afterwards. The 100th Division had the task of "cleaning up" encircled pockets of German resistance. On April 2, 1945, the division started its march towards Vienna. Five days later, the troops arrived within sight of Vienna, which was turned into a fortress defended by the II SS Panzer Corps and ad hoc training and anti-aircraft units.

The operation aimed at capturing Vienna started on April 7, 1945. The division occupied the southern outskirts of the city, and then executed an enveloping maneuver westwards, going around the city through the Vienna woods, engaging in heavy combat in the center of the city, seizing key targets such as the railway terminal and the parliament, and force-crossing the Danube. After five days of violent urban warfare, Vienna fell on April 13, 1945.

By early May, the division was committed to the offensive towards Prague, still in the hands of the Wehrmacht. It crossed the Czech border on May 10, meeting American forces advancing from the west.

## Post-war

After the war, the division moved from Czechoslovakia to Hungary and was located there until April 1946. In 1946, it was relocated to Belaya Tserkov' and there on 7 June 1946 renamed the 100th Guards Svir Red Banner Airborne Division (*100-я гвардейская Свирская Краснознамённая воздушно-десантная дивизия*). In 1947, it was yet again relocated to the cities of Kremenchug and Kirovograd. In 1955, following a program of reduction in strength of the Red Army, the division was disbanded. The 109th Guards Airborne Regiment moved to the 31st Guards Airborne Division. The 301st Guards Airborne Regiment transferred to the 107th Guards Airborne Division.

1. Michael Holm, 100th Guards Airborne Division, retrieved January 2013.

## InfoBox

| 15th Guards Airborne Division (1943–1944)
100th Guards Rifle Division (1944–1946)
100th Guards Airborne Division (1946–1955) | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 1943–1955 |
| Country | Soviet Union |
| Branch | Army |
| Type | Airborne infantry |
| Size | Division |
| Engagements | World War II |
| Decorations | Order of the Red Banner |
| Battle honours | Svir |
| Commanders | |
| Notable
commanders | Vasilii Andreevich Leshchinin
Ivan Alekseevich Makarenko |


title: 1959 Davis Cup America Zone

abstract: The America Zone was one of the three regional zones of the 1959 Davis Cup. 7 teams entered the America Zone: 3 teams competed in the North & Central America Zone, while 4 teams competed in the South America Zone. The winner of each sub-zone would play against each other to determine who moved to the Inter-Zonal Zone to compete against the winners of the Eastern Zone and Europe Zone. Australia defeated Canada in the North & Central America Zone final, and Cuba received a walkover in the South America Zone final after Argentina withdrew. In the Americas Inter-Zonal Final, Australia defeated Cuba and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.

text:
# 1959 Davis Cup America Zone

The **America Zone** was one of the three regional zones of the 1959 Davis Cup.

7 teams entered the America Zone: 3 teams competed in the North & Central America Zone, while 4 teams competed in the South America Zone. The winner of each sub-zone would play against each other to determine who moved to the Inter-Zonal Zone to compete against the winners of the Eastern Zone and Europe Zone.

Australia defeated Canada in the North & Central America Zone final, and Cuba received a walkover in the South America Zone final after Argentina withdrew. In the Americas Inter-Zonal Final, Australia defeated Cuba and progressed to the Inter-Zonal Zone.

## North & Central America Zone

### Draw

|
|  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Semifinals
18–20 July | | |  |  | Final
24–26 July | | |
|  | || | |
|  |  | | | | |  | | |
|  | || |
|  | Canada | |  | | |
|  | |  | |  | Montreal, Canada (grass) | | |
|  | bye | | |  |  |  |
|  | |  | |  | Canada | | 0 |
|  | Mexico City, Mexico (clay) | | | | |  |  |
|  | |  |  | Australia | | 5 |
|  | Mexico | | | 1 | |  |  |
|  | |  | |  |  | | |
|  | Australia | | | 4 |  |  |
|  | |  | |  |  | | |
|  |  | | | |  |  |

### Semifinals

#### Mexico vs. Australia

|
Mexico
1 | Centro Deportivo Chapultepec, Mexico City, Mexico
18–20 July 1959
Clay | |
Australia
4 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 2 3 4 5   1
 Antonio Palafox
**Neale Fraser** 6
**8**  0
**6**  **6**
2 **6**
4 3
**6**     2
 **Mario Llamas**
Rod Laver **6**
4 **6**
4 **6**
3        3
 Mario Llamas / Antonio Palafox
**Roy Emerson / Neale Fraser** 3
**6**  2
**6**  5
**7**         4
 Antonio Palafox
**Rod Laver** 3
**6**  **8**
6 **6**
4 5
**7**  3
**6**     5
 Mario Llamas
**Roy Emerson** 4
**6**  2
**6**  **6**
4 **6**
4 0
**6** | | | | | |

### Final

#### Canada vs. Australia

|
Canada
0 | Mount Royal Tennis Club, Montreal, Canada
24–26 July 1959
Grass | |
Australia
5 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 2 3 4 5   1
 Don Fontana
**Roy Emerson** 2
**6**  2
**6**  4
**6**         2
 Robert Bédard
**Rod Laver** 6
**8**  3
**6**  4
**6**         3
 Robert Bédard / Don Fontana
**Roy Emerson / Neale Fraser** 3
**6**  3
**6**  1
**6**         4
 Robert Bédard
**Roy Emerson** **6**
4 4
**6**  5
**7**  4
**6**       5
 François Godbout
**Rod Laver** **9**
7 4
**6**  2
**6**  1
**6** | | | | | |

## South America Zone

### Draw

|
|  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Semifinals
2–4 May | | |  |  | Final | | |
|  | || | |
|  | Bridgetown, Barbados | | | | |  | | |
|  | || |
|  | Caribbean/West Indies | | 0 | | |
|  | |  | |  |  | | |
|  | Cuba | | | 4 |  |  |
|  | |  | |  | Cuba | | w/o |
|  |  | | | | |  |  |
|  | |  |  | Argentina | |  |
|  | Argentina | | | w/o | |  |  |
|  | |  | |  |  | | |
|  | Venezuela | | |  |  |  |
|  | |  | |  |  | | |
|  |  | | | |  |  |

### Semifinals

#### Caribbean/West Indies vs. Cuba

|
Caribbean/West Indies
0 | Bridgetown, Barbados
2–4 May 1959
Grass | |
Cuba
4 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 2 3 4 5   1
 Ian McDonald
**Reynaldo Garrido** 4
**6**  5
**7**  **6**
3 3
**6**       2
 Peter Philips
**Orlando Garrido** 1
**6**  2
**6**  7
**9**         3
 Alan Price / Peter Valdez
**Orlando Garrido / Reynaldo Garrido** 2
**6**  2
**6**  **6**
2 2
**6**       4
 Ian McDonald
**Orlando Garrido** **6**
0 **6**
4 3
**6**  3
**6**  2
**6**     5
 Peter Philips
Reynaldo Garrido **6**
4 4
**6**  **7**
5 1
3   **not
completed** | | | | | |

### Final

#### Cuba vs. Argentina

Cuba defeated Argentina by walkover.

## Americas Inter-Zonal Final

### Australia vs. Cuba

|
Australia
5 | Mount Royal Tennis Club, Montreal, Canada
31 July–2 August 1959
Grass | |
Cuba
0 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 2 3 4 5   1
 **Roy Emerson**
Reynaldo Garrido **6**
0 **6**
4 **6**
4        2
 **Neale Fraser**
Orlando Garrido **6**
1 **7**
5 **6**
3        3
 **Roy Emerson / Rod Laver**
Orlando Garrido / Reynaldo Garrido **6**
4 **6**
4 **6**
4        4
 **Bob Mark**
Orlando Garrido **6**
4 **6**
4 **6**
2        5
 **Neale Fraser**
Reynaldo Garrido **6**
3 **6**
2 **6**
4 | | | | | |


title: Effin

abstract: Effin is a townland and civil parish in County Limerick, Ireland. It is on the R515 road, midway between Kilmallock and Charleville. The population of the parish is about 1,000. Effin is partly in the barony of Costlea, but chiefly in that of Coshma. The parish lies in the Golden Vale, Munster's rich dairyland, and intensive dairying is practised there. The Ballyhoura Mountains, which separate County Limerick from County Cork, are at the southern end of the parish.

text:
# Effin

**Effin** (Irish: *Eimhín*) is a townland and civil parish in County Limerick, Ireland. It is on the R515 road, midway between Kilmallock and Charleville. The population of the parish is about 1,000. Effin is partly in the barony of Costlea, but chiefly in that of Coshma. The parish lies in the Golden Vale, Munster's rich dairyland, and intensive dairying is practised there. The Ballyhoura Mountains, which separate County Limerick from County Cork, are at the southern end of the parish.

## History

The town is named after Saint Eimhin, (see also Monasterevin in County Kildare) pronounced /ˈɛfɪn/ *EF-in*. In the past, the local seats belonged to J. Balie, and R. Low Holmes. Balie lived in Newpark, and Holmes in Maidenhall.

There is a silver chalice still in use in Effin which bears the following inscription: *Aegidius Hiffernane et Eleanora Gibbon et Cornelius Hiffernane Aegidii filius me fieri fecurunt 1633*.

It has frequently been noted on lists of unusual place names. In November 2011, residents of Effin came into conflict with the Facebook website when they could not register the town as their home. "Effin" was deemed by Facebook to be "offensive"; the word "effing" is also a euphemism for "fucking", and was blocked. Effin residents led by local woman AnnMarie Kennedy campaigned against the block, and Facebook claimed to be investigating the matter. The following month, it was discovered that Facebook users could register Effin as their hometown.

In March 2012 a group called the Effin Eggheads raised over €52,420.96 for the Shave or Dye Cancer fund and became one of the highest charity fundraising group in the Today FM campaign.

## Places of interest

### Church

Father David Nagle built the present church of Effin in 1835-6 and on his death in 1847, he was buried there. The church was renovated in 1981. There is a statue of the crucifixion on the right-hand side, at the entrance to the church, donated by Michael Rea.

### Canon Hayes Hall

There is a parish hall that was built by the people of the parish in the 1950s. It was built in memory of John, Canon Hayes, P.P., Founder of Muintir na Tíre, who was a native of Murroe in east Limerick who spent his final years as parish priest of Bansha & Kilmoyler which is in west County Tipperary and is a parish of the Diocese of Cashel and Emly. Canon Hayes was a champion of rural development, whose dictum was that the small communities of rural Ireland must help themselves in unison, regardless of class, creed or calling in life. He died on St Bridget's Day, 1 February 1957 during the building of the hall and fittingly, on its 50th anniversary a history of the hall was published.

### Graveyard

According to Samuel Lewis, when Effin was united with the parish of Kilquane and Kilbreedy Minor, there were two small chapels in the parish; one at Effin, the other at Kilbreedy. Kilbreedy Minor church was badly ruined by the late 1830s. Only the middle and side walls of the choir remained.

Kilquane church was a brown sandstone church erected at the foot of Cahir Hill. By 1840, little remained of this ancient structure. Another church, Kilbigly church, had disappeared by 1840. The parish of Kilquane had its own chapel up to the 1830s when a new chapel was erected in Effin. A few years before its closure, up to 600 people were attending mass there every Sunday. It was a thatched chapel. There are no longer any remains. The last part of it standing was the sacristy and this remained up to and around 1910 when it was occupied by the local shoemaker, a man by the name of Casey. The boundary wall still remains and the entrance can be seen.

### Wells

Lady's Well is in the townland of Ballyshanedehy in the parish of Effin. It is located about 600 metres north of the Ballyhea-Ardpatrick road. The well had ceased to be a place of pilgrimage by the early 1900s but continued to provide water for local people for domestic use up to the 1940s. It is lined in local stone and has recently been restored by the landowner on whose property it lies.

There is a well located in the townland of Ballymacshaneboy located about a mile and a half south of the Ballyhea-Ardpatrick road at the foot of the Ballyhoura mountains. This well was known as 'Tobar Rí an Domhnaigh', which means 'The well of the King of Sunday'. Nine smaller wells surround this well. This well is enclosed by an earthen bank of circular form. It is believed that the well was stone-lined by a grateful father whose daughter's senses were restored after a fall from a horse, upon bathing her eyes and forehead with water from the well. A local man cleaned around the well in 1966 and erected a small shrine. The well is maintained and people still visit it. A statue of the Blessed Virgin was erected at this well in recent years. This has given rise to some confusion regarding the name of the well, with people now calling it Lady's Well, which is an entirely different well in the adjacent townland. There are no organised devotions at the site, although it is still regarded by some as a holy well.

Toberacran ceased to be a pilgrimage site by 1840. Toberacran, in the townland of Gortnacrank, derived its name from *Tobar a' Chrann*, meaning "well of the tree".

Saint Bridgit's Well in Kilbreedy townland was no longer a pattern site by 1840. It was a small clear pool, roughly lined with stones. One large stone was set on edge beside the well. It was formerly popular for its alleged power to cure sickness, especially sore eyes.

Danahar mentions a well in the parish, Toberreendoney, this is the anglicised version of 'Tobar Rí an Domhnaigh'. Danaher refers to two other wells in the parish, namely Tobernea and Toberbansha, but did not believe that they were holy wells.

### Effin Creamery

Effin cheese is made in the local creamery. Many local farmers formerly brought their milk to the creamery.

## Townlands

| # | English | Irish | Translation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ballincolly | *Baile an Chollaigh* | The town of the boar |
| 2 | Ballyhaght | *Baile an Chiochtaigh* | The town of An Ciochtach |
| 3 | Ballymacshaneboy | *Baile Mhic Sheáin Bhuí* | The town of the son of Séan Buí |
| 4 | Ballyshonikin | *Baile na nGall* | The town of the standing stones |
| 5 | Brickfield | *Baile Sheoinicín* | The town of Seoinicín |
| 6 | Cloonlogue | *Baile an Bhaoilligh* | The town of An Baoilleach |
| 7 | Effin | *Eifinn* | Named after St Eimhin |
| 8 | Garranekeagh | *An Garrán Caoch* | The blind grove |
| 9 | Garryncoonagh North | *Garraí an Chuanaigh Thuaidh* | The garden of An Cuanach |
| 10 | Garryncoonagh South | *Garraí an Chuanaigh Theas* | The garden of An Cuanach |
| 11 | Garrynderk North | *Garraí na Deirce Thuaidh* | The garden of the cave |
| 12 | Garrynderk South | *Garraí na Deirce Theas* | The garden of the cave |
| 13 | Gortacrank | *Gort an Chrainn* | The field of the tree |
| 14 | Graiganster | *Gráig Anstair* | The hamlet of Anstar |
| 15 | Jamestown | *Baile Shéamais* | The town of Séamas |
| 16 | Kilbreedy West | *Cill Bhríde* | The church of Brid |
| 17 | Leagane | *An Liagán* | The standing stone |
| 18 | Mountblakeney | *Cnoc an tSoipéalaigh* | The hill of An Soipéalach |
| 19 | Newpark | *An Pháirc Nua* |  |
| 20 | Thomastown | *Baile Thomáis* | The town of Tomás |
| 21 | Tobernea | *Tobar Naí* | Well of the infant |
| 22 | Tobernea East | *Tobar Naí Thoir* | Well of the infant |
| 23 | Tobernea West | *Tobar Naí Thiar* | Well of the infant |

### Garrienderk

**Garrienderk** or **Garrynderk** (Irish: *Garraí na Deirce*) is a small townland and settlement on the R515 road near Charleville and the border with County Cork. It is beside Effin townland and within Effin parish. The townland contains a church dedicated to Saint Patrick.

## Education

Scoil Mhuire National School is a co-educational primary school. The school opened in 1941. The current principal is Anne-Maria Murphy. In the 2016/2017 academic year the school had a staff of four teaches and 125 students.

## Sport

There has been a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club in existence in the parish since 1887. There is a GAA sports field with changing rooms and stand. In 2010, Effin's hurling team won their first ever county-final, and went on to win a Munster title. However, they were defeated in the All-Ireland semi final by Na Fianna. In 2011, they won the Intermediate Hurling County Championship and the Munster Title. Competing as a Senior hurling team for a couple of years, as of 2023 the club play in the Limerick Premier Intermediate Hurling Championship. In 2012, the club celebrated 125 years in existence. A number of Effin hurlers have played for inter-county teams, including Nicky Quaid, Ned Rea, Conor O'Donovan and Tommy Quaid.

## People

* Tim Hannan, using the pseudonym "Rambling Thady", wrote a column for the *Limerick Leader* newspaper from 1933 until his death in 1948. He was a contributor to the *Limerick Leader* with his column, "Stray Scraps" from 1933 until his death in 1948, and a local school master, councillor, and public figure.
* John C. O'Riordan, a Catholic bishop of Kenema in Sierra Leone, was born here.
* Brother Stephen Russell, born Jim Russell on Christmas Day 1911 in Thomastown, Effin, was veteran of World War II and a poet. After the war, he founded the Alexian Order. In 1948, he helped establish the foundation of the Novitiate House Alexian Order in Cobh, County Cork. His first book of poems was published in 1972 and he donated its profits to the Simon Community Building fund. He died in 1975 and is buried in County Down. In November 2013, the sod was turned on the redevelopment of Brother Russell House.

Media related to Effin at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Effin *Eimhin* | |
| --- | --- |
| Townland and Civil Parish | |
| Sign on way into Effin village | |
| EffinLocation in Ireland | |
| Coordinates: 52°21′44″N 8°36′38″W / 52.362322°N 8.610567°W / 52.362322; -8.610567 | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Munster |
| County | County Limerick |
| Population (2009) | |
| Total | 1,441 |
| Irish Grid Reference | R5732523937 |