title: Art in General

abstract: Art in General was a non-profit contemporary art exhibition space known for its vibrant and ground-breaking projects as a formidable and longstanding New York City alternative space, focused on giving meaningful resources and opportunities to artists early on in their careers. Founded in 1981 by artists Martin Weinstein and Teresa Liszka and originally located in the General Hardware building in New York City — hence the organization's name, Art in General — the institution produced and presented distinctive programs and exhibitions featuring new work by local and international artists. Since its first exhibition in 1982, Art in General provided spaces for artists to display unconventional work and exchange ideas with their peers for almost 40 years, making it one of the longest-standing artist-founded non-profit artist organizations in New York City. Art in General organized exhibitions; commissions new art projects; hosted national and international artist residency programs; and facilitated regular free public programs with renowned artists, critics and curators. More than 2,000 artists exhibited their work at Art in General in a wide range of disciplines—painting, sculpture, drawing, photography, installation art, audio, video art, performance art and new media art.

text:
# Art in General

**Art in General** was a non-profit contemporary art exhibition space known for its vibrant and ground-breaking projects as a formidable and longstanding New York City alternative space, focused on giving meaningful resources and opportunities to artists early on in their careers. Founded in 1981 by artists Martin Weinstein and Teresa Liszka and originally located in the General Hardware building in New York City — hence the organization's name, Art in General — the institution produced and presented distinctive programs and exhibitions featuring new work by local and international artists.

Since its first exhibition in 1982, Art in General provided spaces for artists to display unconventional work and exchange ideas with their peers for almost 40 years, making it one of the longest-standing artist-founded non-profit artist organizations in New York City. Art in General organized exhibitions; commissions new art projects; hosted national and international artist residency programs; and facilitated regular free public programs with renowned artists, critics and curators. More than 2,000 artists exhibited their work at Art in General in a wide range of disciplines—painting, sculpture, drawing, photography, installation art, audio, video art, performance art and new media art.

## Programs

The New Commissions Program, Art in General’s central focus, flourished since its launch in 2005. The program was created in response to artists’ need for support to create major new projects that would significantly advance their practice. Art in General commissioned new works, either through an open call, or through direct invitation. Art in General provided commissioned artists with both space and a budget for developing their project, as well as an honorarium. Initially designed for New York based artists, in 2012 this program expanded to include projects by international artists.

Art in General established the Eastern European Residency Exchange (EERE) in 2001, with the goal of supporting critical dialogue, the presentation of new work, and a greater understanding of diverse cultures. This program took the form of a two-way artist residency until 2013, when it expanded to encompass institutional co-commissioning and other forms of exchange. Art in General’s partner institutions have included: '*kim?' Contemporary Art Centre* in Riga, Latvia; *The Gardens* in Vilnius, Lithuania; Pavilion Unicredit in Bucharest, Romania; Croatian Association of Artists (HDLU) in Zagreb, Croatia; *The Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art* in Rijeka, Croatia; *Centre for Contemporary Arts FUTURA* in Prague, Czech Republic; *The Trafó House of Contemporary Arts* in Budapest, Hungary; *Center For Contemporary Arts Estonia* in Tallinn; *Bunkier Sztuki Gallery* in Kraków, Poland; *Swimming Pool* in Sofia, Bulgaria; and *The Centre for Contemporary Art* in Warsaw, Poland.

Art in General regularly organized other discursive programs and exhibitions. When Art in General was located in Manhattan, its Audio in the Elevator program began in 1990 in response to the slow-moving elevator that takes 38 seconds to reach the 6th floor gallery from street level. Art in General saw this unfavorable circumstance as an opportunity to create a new exhibition space in the elevator, where one to five audio or video art projects were displayed each year. In 2018 Rational Dress Society, a counter-fashion collective, were commissioned to create official Art in General uniforms that all members of its staff wore in contemplation of "what cultural work should look like in difficult political times".

## Artists

Art in General had a long history of supporting artists early in their careers. Since 1981, Art in General is proud to have supported and shown over 2,000 emerging and mid-career artists and collectives who have gone onto greater success, including Dorothea Rockburne, Joan Jonas, Kay WalkingStick, Rirkrit Tiravanija, Glenn Ligon, Byron Kim, Elizabeth Peyton, Marina Abramović, Gabriel Orozco, Paul Pfeiffer, William Pope.L, Pipilotti Rist, Francis Alÿs, Walid Raad, Sharon Hayes, Patty Chang, Allora & Calzadilla, Pierre Huyghe, Andrea Geyer, Xaviera Simmons, Lisi Raskin, Kambui Olujimi, Carlos Motta, Jill Magid, Marwa Arsanios, Adelita Husni-Bey, Dineo Seshee Bopape, Postcommodity, Duane Linklater, Chim↑Pom, Sondra Perry, Anna Daučíková, Aliza Shvarts, Zach Blas, among many others. Its roster of artists reflected its deep and long-standing commitment to diversity and equity in the arts. Art in General was often at the forefront of giving artists their first New York exhibitions.

## Curators

The institution had also been a crucial one for giving diverse curators a chance to curate risk-taking exhibitions early in their careers. Not unlike the artists it supports, many who curated exhibitions for Art in General as staff members or as guest curators later went on to notable acclaim for their impactful and highly original curatorial work, writing on contemporary artists, and leading of important arts institutions such as Holly Block, Anne Barlow, Sofía Hernández Chong Cuy, Dean Daderko, Eva Diaz, Andria Hickey, Ruba Katrib, Laura Hoptman, Laurel Ptak, Irene Mei Zhi Shum, Franklin Sirmans, Hazma Walker, and others.

## Leadership

Art in General had a long history of supporting women in leadership roles. From 1981 to 1988, Art in General was led by its founders, artists Martin Weinstein and Teresa Liszka. After Weinstein and Liszka stepped aside from actively overseeing day-to-day operations, Holly Block was appointed the inaugural Executive Director. Subsequently, Art in General proudly established itself as a woman-led organization.

**Executive Directors:** Holly Block (1988–2006); Anne Barlow (2007–2016); Laurel Ptak (2017–2020); Irene Mei Zhi Shum (2020).

## Facilities

From 1981 to 2015, Art in General was located at 79 Walker Street in Manhattan, in a six-floor building owned by General Hardware Manufacturing Inc. (now General Tools & Instruments LLC), hence the organization’s name. Located at the intersection of three neighborhoods in New York City (Tribeca, SoHo, and Chinatown), Art in General had since its founding been committed to presenting new work by artists of color, women, immigrants and visiting artists. In 2003, Gerry Weinstein, CEO of General Tools & Instruments LLC, donated the storefront to Art in General for use as a gallery. In 2006, the sixth-floor gallery underwent a major renovation by Steven Learner Studios and was re-opened in January 2007 with Le Musée Minuscule, created in honor of New Langton Arts’ former space of the same name. In 2014, General Tools was acquired by High Road Capital Partners, a private equity group. When the business was sold and the building changed ownership, Art in General lost its primary patron, that provided corporate donations as well as rent-free office and exhibition space. Then Director Anne Barlow and board president Robert Ferguson moved its office to 20 Jay Street and its gallery to 145 Plymouth Street in DUMBO, Brooklyn in January 2016. Although the office and gallery had different mailing addresses, they were in fact located in the same building, owned by Two Trees Management. In August 2020 then Director Irene Mei Zhi Shum announced that Art in General would be partnering with Mana Contemporary and relocating the office to Mana's facility in Jersey City, New Jersey, stating in a press release, "This new partnership allows Art in General to organize programs and exhibitions across Mana Contemporary’s real estate portfolio, which includes buildings in Jersey City, New Jersey; Chicago, Illinois; and Miami, Florida. It also provides studio space for visiting artists and curators for Art in General's residency programs. This opportunity was made possible by the generous support of Eugene Lemay, founder of Mana Contemporary." However in October 2020 Art in General was shuttered deeply saddening the arts community. The closure was the direct result of the COVID-19 pandemic. In a statement, Board President Leslie Ruff and Executive Director Irene Mei Zhi Shum cited the pressures of the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. “Although we have taken critical measures to adjust to the new normal, the financial constriction due to COVID-19 has proved formidable, severely affecting our ability to fulfill our mission.” They continued, “In this difficult time for us all, we offer our sincere thanks to you — our alumni artists, guest curators, visitors, former staff and donors — for your passion and dedication, interest and support during the last forty years.”

## Legacy

The Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, acquired the archive of Art in General. The Art in General archive comprehensively chronicles the decades of exhibitions and programs and long-standing commitment to diversity and equity in the arts. The more than one hundred linear feet of materials donated to the Archives of American Art include Holly Block’s files, documenting her 18-year tenure as Art in General’s forward-thinking first director.

“It is a tremendous honor to preserve the legacy of one of New York’s most important non-profit institutions,” said Liza Kirwin, interim director, Archives of American Art. “The Archives is proud to be stewards of Art in General’s historic records, ensuring that they are preserved and available to the public and future generations.”

40°43′5.15″N 74°0′6.64″W / 40.7180972°N 74.0018444°W / 40.7180972; -74.0018444

## InfoBox

Art in General
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Established | 1981 |
| Type | Nonprofit arts organization |
| Website | Art in General |


title: 1997 Tour de la Région Wallonne

abstract: The 1997 Tour de la Région Wallonne was the 24th edition of the Tour de Wallonie cycle race and was held on 1 August to 6 August 1997. The race started in Liège and finished in Saint-Hubert. The race was won by Thierry Marichal.

text:
# 1997 Tour de la Région Wallonne

The **1997 Tour de la Région Wallonne** was the 24th edition of the Tour de Wallonie cycle race and was held on 1 August to 6 August 1997. The race started in Liège and finished in Saint-Hubert. The race was won by Thierry Marichal.

## General classification

| **Final general classification**  Rank Rider Time  1  Thierry Marichal (BEL) 23h 14' 54"  2  Nico Mattan (BEL) \+ 3"  3  Rik Verbrugghe (BEL) \+ 37"  4  Raivis Belohvoščiks (LAT) \+ 43"  5  Glenn D'Hollander (BEL) \+ 1' 28"  6  Paul Van Hyfte (BEL) \+ 1' 37"  7  Kurt Van De Wouwer (BEL) \+ 1' 48"  8  Marc Wauters (BEL) \+ 1' 56"  9  Erwin Thijs (BEL) \+ 2' 20"  10  Mario Aerts (BEL) \+ 2' 24" |
| --- |

## InfoBox

1997 Tour de la Région Wallonne
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 1–6 August 1997 |
| Stages | 7 |
| Winning time | 23h 14' 54" |
| Results | |
| Winner  Thierry Marichal (BEL)  Second  Nico Mattan (BEL)  Third  Rik Verbrugghe (BEL) | |
|


title: 1997 Tour of the Basque Country

abstract: The 1997 Tour of the Basque Country was the 37th edition of the Tour of the Basque Country cycle race and was held from 7 April to 11 April 1997. The race started in Legazpi and finished at Gatzaga. The race was won by Alex Zülle of the ONCE team.

text:
# 1997 Tour of the Basque Country

The **1997 Tour of the Basque Country** was the 37th edition of the Tour of the Basque Country cycle race and was held from 7 April to 11 April 1997. The race started in Legazpi and finished at Gatzaga. The race was won by Alex Zülle of the ONCE team.

## General classification

| **Final general classification**  Rank Rider Team Time  1  Alex Zülle (SUI) ONCE 22h 36' 40"  2  Laurent Jalabert (FRA) ONCE \+ 32"  3  Marco Pantani (ITA) Mercatone Uno \+ 44"  4  Marcelino García (ESP) ONCE \+ 1' 01"  5  Chris Boardman (GBR) GAN \+ 1' 16"  6  Mikel Zarrabeitia (ESP) ONCE \+ 1' 24"  7  Luc Leblanc (FRA) Team Polti \+ 1' 33"  8  Abraham Olano (ESP) Banesto \+ 1' 33"  9  Gianni Faresin (ITA) Mapei–GB \+ 1' 35"  10  Pascal Hervé (FRA) Festina–Lotus \+ 1' 39" |
| --- |

## InfoBox

1997 Tour of the Basque Country
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 7–11 April 1997 |
| Stages | 5 |
| Distance | 859.5 km (534.1 mi) |
| Winning time | 22h 36' 40" |
| Results | |
| Winner  Alex Zülle (SUI)  (ONCE)  Second  Laurent Jalabert (FRA)  (ONCE)  Third  Marco Pantani (ITA)  (Mercatone Uno) | |
|


title: Arthur Francis (politician)

abstract: Arthur Morley Francis was a politician in Queensland, Australia. He was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

text:
# Arthur Francis (politician)

**Arthur Morley Francis** (1828 – 11 May 1902) was a politician in Queensland, Australia. He was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly.

## Immigration to Queensland

Arthur Morley Francis, his wife Angela and children Richard (Dick) and new born Clement, arrived in Moreton Bay Brisbane on the sailing clipper, *Saldanha*, with a full passenger list of 500 in February 1862. He was noted on shipboard as an elocutionist. On Sundays he conducted Divine service, which was much appreciated by the immigrants.

## Farming

Francis selected 70 acres (28 ha) of land at Oxley West in the area now known as Corinda, 22.5 kilometres (14.0 mi) from Brisbane via the Brisbane River or 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) directly by land. This area was bordered by the Brisbane River and Oxley Creek and to make the land journey, residents had to cross one of these two waterways by boat and travel by horse or foot to Brisbane otherwise row or sail a boat to either Brisbane or Ipswich.

Francis decided to grow cotton as it was a profitable crop, due to the American Civil War raging at the time restricting the supply of cotton to the English mills. After the government chose to remove subsidies after the Civil War, this venture proved to be unprofitable. He, like most settlers in the area turned their efforts to growing sugar cane. Francis also invested in building a small sugar mill. This venture also came to be unprofitable when successive seasons of frost wiped out the crops. Francis was an educated man but lacked the skills of a farmer. He then chose to open a boarding school for settler's children to attend but this failed also.

Francis was a member of the Church of England. Initially he conducted religious services in his home in the mornings where he acquired a congregation and a fellow immigrant and landholder William Gray conducted evening services in his home. Arthur was the main protagonist in establishing a church in the district and finally an Anglican church, St Matthew's, was erected on what is now known as the Sherwood - Rocklea Road where the Sherwood (Anglican) Cemetery now stands. After a fire in the last church on the site, the new church was re-established on the present site of Oxley and Sherwood Roads.

## Politics

At this time there was a deal of animosity between the pastoralists, who held vast landholdings and had a great say in politics and the farmers who tilled the land who had very little support. The farmers strove to have more say in the Queensland Parliament and sought out those who could represent the farmer's view in Parliament. As a good orator and one who understood the farmers’ plight, Francis was elected to the seat of East Moreton in the Queensland Legislative Assembly. He held the seat from 1 July 1867 to 17 February 1870.

Arthur was an advocate of the scheme to contract Kanaka labour on Queensland farms. He was unaware of the corrupt nature this scheme had become and sought public submissions on what was occurring to rectify the injustices of the scheme. A rare voice, he opposed the introduction of the draconian Contagious Diseases Act in 1868, which allowed any woman, all woman to be searched if suspected of venereal disease.

In February 1870, Arthur declared himself bankrupt, mainly due to this investment in his sugar mill and what he owed to his workforce which at one time employed 15 white and 10 Kanaka workers. This action of bankruptcy forced Arthur to resign his position in Parliament.

## Journalism

After settling the conditions of his bankruptcy, Arthur in 1870 then chose employment as a Leader Writer for the Brisbane ‘Courier’ being the premier daily newspaper at the time. The family went to live at Albion on the northside of the Brisbane River, being closer to Brisbane and Arthur's employment.

At the end of 1873 Arthur build a house for the family at Corinda, being the name later on given to the part of the Oxley district in which the Francis family originally settled. It is thought that the house was built adjacent or on the Francis Lookout property. The building of the house was done by a local carpenter John Dudley Dunlop. About 1874-75 he is appointed to the position of Editor of the ‘Telegraph’, a newly formed evening newspaper, for which he held the position for 1 year.

## Public servant

In 1876 Arthur was appointed Police Magistrate at Banana township in the Dawson district, 160 klms approximately south-west of Gladstone. As a result of this appointment, the family split with his two sons, Richard (Dick) and Alexander, studying at the Brisbane Grammar School remaining in the Corinda district and his wife and daughter Charlotte, accompanying Arthur. Arthur had a string of appointments as Police Magistrate in various frontier towns being in 1878, at Taroom, 1879 at Thargomingah, February 1881 at Goondiwindi, July 1884 at Pine Hill, March 1889 at Southport and finally 1895 at Cunnamulla. Angela Francis is remembered for her work in getting trained nurses into bush townships.

## Return to politics

In March 1896, Arthur again nominated for election to the seat of Moreton in the Queensland Parliament but loses the election with only 42% of the vote. In 1898 in a newspaper article he declared his support for Women's Suffrage, probably inspired from the difficulties his wife had in convincing those in power at the time to back her worthy initiatives in improving conditions in the colony. She was a member of the Women's Franchise League. In 1898 on a visit to England, he arranged 20 lectures around the country to acquaint those listening on the benefits of immigrating to Queensland.

In 1899 he again contested the seat of Moreton outlining his policy in The Worker in 18 Feb 1899. He advocated greater emphasis on immigration to Queensland as well as a better education system but he failed to win the seat.

## Later life

Arthur was acquainted with the explorer William Landsborough.

Arthur Morley Francis died on 11 May 1902 at his residence in Sherwood, aged 74 years 11 months after a long illness. Angela Francis died in 1910.

## InfoBox

| Arthur Morley Francis | |
| --- | --- |
| Arthur Morley Francis | |
|  | |
| Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
for East Moreton | |
| **In office**
1 July 1867  17 February 1870Serving with James Garrick, John Douglas, Henry Jordan | |
| Preceded by | George Edmondstone |
| Succeeded by | Robert Atkin |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Arthur Morley Francis
1828
Churchover, Warwickshire, England |
| Died | 11 May 1902 (aged 73-74)
Sherwood, Queensland, Australia |
| Resting place | Francis Lookout |
| Nationality | English Australian |
| Spouse | Angela Powell |
| Occupation | Journalist, Police magistrate |
|  | |


title: Arnold Oehlrich

abstract: Arnold Henry "Itch" Oehlrich was an American football player. He played college football as a fullback for Nebraska from 1925 to 1927. He also played professional football in the National Football League (NFL), principally as a halfback, for the Frankford Yellow Jackets in 1928 and 1929.

text:
# Arnold Oehlrich

**Arnold Henry** "**Itch**" **Oehlrich** (November 24, 1905 – June 27, 1965) was an American football player. He played college football as a fullback for Nebraska from 1925 to 1927. He also played professional football in the National Football League (NFL), principally as a halfback, for the Frankford Yellow Jackets in 1928 and 1929.

## Early years

Oehlrich was born in Clarks, Nebraska, in 1905. He attended Columbus High School in Columbus, Nebraska, where he "attained state-wide fame for his prowess in consistently lugging the pigskin for substantial gains." He also played basketball and track in high school, winning a total of 11 athletic letters in the three sports.

## Nebraska

Oehlrich played college football as a fullback for Nebraska from 1925 to 1927. At Nebraska, he earned a reputation as "a fine defensive back, an excellent blocker \[who\] made substantial gains every time he carried the ball", but "didn't score the touchdowns."

## Frankford Yellow Jackets

In June 1928, Oehlrich signed a contract to play 20 games of professional football in the National Football League (NFL) with the Frankford Yellow Jackets of Philadelphia. The contract called for him to be paid $100 per game; he was recruited to Frankford by fellow Nebraska alumnus and Frankford star Ed Weir. Oehlrich appeared in 16 games as a halfback for Frankford during the 1928 season, 15 as a starter, and scored two touchdowns.

After spending the off-season in Nebraska, Oehlrich returned to Frankford in September 1929 for a second season of professional football. He appeared in 17 games for Frankford in 1929, 14 as a starter, playing at halfback, fullback, and quarterback.

In all, Oehlrich appeared in 33 NFL games, 29 as a starter, and scored three touchdowns. Oehlrich later recalled the high level of play in the NFL during his playing days:

> When you organize a team composed of star players from all sections of the country, you are bound to have the finest brand of football possible. And when you are in there playing, with the knowledge that you'll be benched for another gridder if you don't deliver the goods, you're sure to give your best every moment.

## Coaching and later years

In August 1930, Oehlrich was hired as an assistant football coach at Kearney State Teachers College—now known as University of Nebraska at Kearney—under head coach Ted James.

Oehlrich operated a dairy farm near Richland, Nebraska, from approximately 1945 until his death in 1965.

## InfoBox

Arnold Oehlrich
| Oehlrich, c. 1927 | |
| --- | --- |
| No. 11 | |
| Position: | Fullback, halfback |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1905-11-24)November 24, 1905
Clarks, Nebraska, US |
| Died: | June 27, 1965(1965-06-27) (aged 59)
Omaha, Nebraska, US |
| Height: | 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) |
| Weight: | 190 lb (86 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Columbus
(Columbus, Nebraska) |
| College: | Nebraska |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Games: 33 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Arnold Olsen

abstract: Arnold Olsen was a U.S. Democratic politician who served as the Attorney General of Montana from 1949 to 1957, and as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Montana's 1st congressional district from 1961 to 1971.

text:
# Arnold Olsen

**Arnold Olsen** (December 17, 1916 – October 9, 1990) was a U.S. Democratic politician who served as the Attorney General of Montana from 1949 to 1957, and as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Montana's 1st congressional district from 1961 to 1971.

## Early life

He was born in Butte, Montana on December 17, 1916, to Anna (née Vennes) and Albert Olsen, both Norwegian immigrants. He attended Butte public schools, the Montana School of Mines, 1934–1936, and graduated from the Montana State University Law School (now the University of Montana), Missoula, Montana in 1940. He served four years of overseas duty in the Navy during World War II. In August 1942, during shore leave, Olsen married Margaret Mary Williams, of Butte. They had three children - Margaret Rae Olsen, Anna Kristine Olsen, and Karin Synneve Olsen Billings. Arnold and Margaret have 5 grandchildren; John-David Childs, Todd Arnold Graetz, Kara Ann (Graetz) Trapp; Jonathan Olsen Billings and Luke Alexander Billings. They had three great-grandchildren, Victoria Graetz and Sawyer and Ella Olsen Trapp.

## Career

Olsen opened a private law practice in 1940. He was elected as Attorney General of Montana in 1948, and was re-elected in 1952. Rather than seek re-election, he instead opted to run for Governor of Montana in 1956, and, after narrowly defeating former Governor John W. Bonner in the Democratic primary, advanced to the general election, where he faced incumbent Governor J. Hugo Aronson. Following a close campaign, Olsen narrowly lost to Aronson. Following his defeat, he ran for the position of Chief Justice of the Montana Supreme Court, but lost to incumbent Chief Justice James T. Harrison by a slim margin.

In 1960, when Congressman Lee Metcalf opted to run for the Senate rather than seek re-election, Olsen ran to succeed him in the 1st congressional district. He defeated George P. Sarsfield, the Republican nominee, winning his first of five terms. Olsen was narrowly re-elected over Republican Wayne Montgomery in 1962, and by a wider margin against Montgomery in 1964. In 1966, he defeated Republican nominee Dick Smiley by about two thousand votes, and, in a rematch against Smiley in 1968, by a wider margin. When Olsen ran for a sixth term in 1970, he was narrowly defeated for re-election by Richard G. Shoup, the Mayor of Missoula. He ran against Shoup again in 1972, but ultimately lost to him. In 1974, he ran for Congress one final time, but lost in the Democratic primary to Max Baucus, who ended up defeating Shoup in the general election.

Olsen was appointed by Governor Thomas Lee Judge to the Second Judicial District of Montana, in 1977, and elected to that post in 1979 and two additional times, serving until his death in 1990.

* United States Congress. "Arnold Olsen (id: O000083)". *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*.

## InfoBox

| Arnold Olsen | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Montana's 1st district | |
| **In office**
January 3, 1961  January 3, 1971 | |
| Preceded by | Lee Metcalf |
| Succeeded by | Richard G. Shoup |
| 16th Attorney General of Montana | |
| **In office**
1949–1957 | |
| Governor | John W. Bonner
J. Hugo Aronson |
| Preceded by | R. V. Bottombly |
| Succeeded by | Forrest H. Anderson |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1916-12-17)December 17, 1916
Butte, Montana, United States |
| Died | October 9, 1990(1990-10-09) (aged 73)
Helena, Montana, United States |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Margaret Mary Williams |
| Alma mater | Montana School of Mines
Montana State University Law School |
|  | |


abstract: The 1924 United States Senate election in Illinois took place on November 4, 1924. Incumbent Republican Medill McCormick was unseated in the Republican primary by Charles S. Deneen, who went on to win the general election. The primaries and general election coincided with those for other federal elections and those for state elections. The primaries were held April 8, 1924. This was the first election for this U.S. Senate seat to be held after the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution granted women suffrage.

text:
# 1924 United States Senate election in Illinois

The **1924 United States Senate election in Illinois** took place on November 4, 1924.

Incumbent Republican Medill McCormick was unseated in the Republican primary by Charles S. Deneen, who went on to win the general election.

The primaries and general election coincided with those for other federal elections (president and House) and those for state elections. The primaries were held April 8, 1924.

This was the first election for this U.S. Senate seat to be held after the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution granted women suffrage.

## Democratic primary

### Candidates

### Results

Democratic primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Albert A. Sprague** | **169,285** | **62.67** |
|  | Democratic | William McKinley | 100,859 | 37.34 |
|  | Write-in | Others | 6 | 0.00 |
| Total votes | | | **270,150** | **100** |

## Republican primary

### Candidates

### Results

Deneen won by a mere 0.69% margin of just 5,944 votes.

Republican primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Charles S. Deneen** | **357,545** | **41.70** |
|  | Republican | Medill McCormick (incumbent) | 351,601 | 41.01 |
|  | Republican | Newton Jenkins | 114,239 | 13.32 |
|  | Republican | Gilbert Gile Ogden | 18,002 | 2.10 |
|  | Republican | Adelbert McPherson | 15,973 | 0.19 |
|  | Write-in | Others | 1 | 0.00 |
| Total votes | | | **857,361** | **100** |

## Socialist primary

### Candidates

### Results

Socialist primary
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Socialist** | **George Koop** | **946** | **100** |
| Total votes | | | **946** | **100** |

## General election

### Candidates

### Results

1924 United States Senate election in Illinois
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Charles S. Deneen** | **1,449,180** | **63.54** |
|  | Democratic | Albert A. Sprague | 806,702 | 35.37 |
|  | Socialist | George Koop | 18,708 | 0.82 |
|  | Socialist Labor | Albert Wirth | 2,966 | 0.13 |
|  | Workers | J. Louis Engdahl | 2,518 | 0.11 |
|  | Commonwealth Land | Lewis D. Spaulding | 391 | 0.02 |
|  | Independent | Parke Longworth | 382 | 0.02 |
| Majority | | | 642,478 | 28.17 |
| Turnout | | | 2,280,847 |  |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

## Aftermath

On February 25, 1925, as he was preparing to leave office, McCormick died in what is considered to have been a suicide (though the suicidal nature of his death was not known to the public, contemporarily). His reelection loss is believed to have contributed to his suicide. McCormick's widow Ruth Hanna McCormick would go on to defeat Deneen in the 1930 Republican primary.

## InfoBox

1924 United States Senate election in Illinois
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Charles S. Deneen** Albert A. Sprague   Party Republican Democratic  Popular vote **1,449,180** 806,702  Percentage **63.54%** 35.37% | |
| ---  Results by county
**Deneen:**      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
**Sprague:**      50–60% | |
| ---  **U.S. senator before election**
Medill McCormick
Republican **Elected U.S. senator**
Charles S. Deneen
Republican | |


title: Ephemeral (EP)

abstract: Ephemeral is the fourth EP by American post-metal band Pelican. It was their first recording to be released after signing with Southern Lord Records. The album consists of two previously unreleased songs in addition to a cover of "Geometry of Murder" by Earth featuring Earth guitarist Dylan Carlson. The album was released on vinyl, and in CD format, although the CDs were limited to only 1,000 copies, and were sold only on Pelican's tour with Isis. After the tour, the remainder of the CDs were sold through Pelican's Web store, and through that of Southern Lord Records. Pelican announced through their myspace page that on the CD, the order of the first two songs had been reversed, although on the packaging, the order remained the same. On 24 October 2009, Pelican announced through their Facebook account that they would be re-printing the CD, in new packaging, and limited to 500 copies. The re-issue would only be available on their October/November 2009 tour. The title track later appeared on What We All Come to Need, released a few months after.

text:
# Ephemeral (EP)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Alternative Press* |  |

***Ephemeral*** is the fourth EP by American post-metal band Pelican. It was their first recording to be released after signing with Southern Lord Records. The album consists of two previously unreleased songs in addition to a cover of "Geometry of Murder" by Earth featuring Earth guitarist Dylan Carlson.

The album was released on vinyl, and in CD format, although the CDs were limited to only 1,000 copies, and were sold only on Pelican's tour with Isis. After the tour, the remainder of the CDs were sold through Pelican's Web store, and through that of Southern Lord Records. Pelican announced through their myspace page that on the CD, the order of the first two songs had been reversed, although on the packaging, the order remained the same. On 24 October 2009, Pelican announced through their Facebook account that they would be re-printing the CD, in new packaging, and limited to 500 copies. The re-issue would only be available on their October/November 2009 tour.

The title track later appeared on *What We All Come to Need*, released a few months after.

## Track listing

1. "Embedding the Moss" – 7:46
2. "Ephemeral" – 5:25
3. "Geometry of Murder (Earth cover)" – 7:38

## Personnel

### Band members

* Trevor de Brauw – guitar
* Bryan Herweg – bass
* Larry Herweg – drums
* Laurent Schroeder-Lebec – guitar

### Other personnel

* Dylan Carlson – Guest guitar on "Geometry of Murder"
* Chris Common – Engineering and Mixing
* Ed Brooks – Mastering

## InfoBox

| Ephemeral | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Pelican | |
| Released | June 6, 2009 |
| Recorded | February 2009, Red Room Studios, Seattle, Wa. |
| Genre | Post-metal |
| Length | 20:46 |
| Label | Southern Lord Records (LORD105) |
| Producer | Chris Common, Ed Brooks |
| Pelican chronology | |
| *PLCN/TAAS*
(2008) ***Ephemeral***
(2009) *What We All Come to Need*
(2009) | |


title: 1995 Pacific hurricane season

abstract: The 1995 Pacific hurricane season was the least active Pacific hurricane season since 1979, and marked the beginning of a multi-decade period of low activity in the basin. Of the eleven tropical cyclones that formed during the season, four affected land, with the most notable storm of the season being Hurricane Ismael, which killed at least 116 people in Mexico. The strongest hurricane in the season was Hurricane Juliette, which reached peak winds of 150 mph (240 km/h), but did not significantly affect land. Hurricane Adolph was an early-season Category 4 hurricane. Hurricane Henriette brushed the Baja California Peninsula in early September. The season officially started on May 15, 1995, in the Eastern Pacific, and on June 1, 1995, in the Central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1995. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The season saw eleven tropical cyclones form, of which ten became tropical storms. Seven of these storms attained hurricane status, three of them becoming major hurricanes. There were fewer tropical storms than the average of 16, while the number of hurricanes and major hurricanes were slightly below average.

text:
# 1995 Pacific hurricane season

The **1995 Pacific hurricane season** was the least active Pacific hurricane season since 1979, and marked the beginning of a multi-decade period of low activity in the basin. Of the eleven tropical cyclones that formed during the season, four affected land, with the most notable storm of the season being Hurricane Ismael, which killed at least 116 people in Mexico. The strongest hurricane in the season was Hurricane Juliette, which reached peak winds of 150 mph (240 km/h), but did not significantly affect land. Hurricane Adolph was an early-season Category 4 hurricane. Hurricane Henriette brushed the Baja California Peninsula in early September.

The season officially started on May 15, 1995, in the Eastern Pacific, and on June 1, 1995, in the Central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1995. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The season saw eleven tropical cyclones form, of which ten became tropical storms. Seven of these storms attained hurricane status, three of them becoming major hurricanes. There were fewer tropical storms than the average of 16, while the number of hurricanes and major hurricanes were slightly below average.

## Season summary

The Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index for the 1995 Pacific hurricane season in total was 100.2 units. Broadly speaking, ACE is a measure of the power of a tropical or subtropical storm multiplied by the length of time it existed. It is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical and subtropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of 39 mph (63 km/h).

The seasonal activity during 1995 was below normal, and marked the first of several seasons with lower than normal activity. Four tropical cyclones affected Mexico: first, Hurricane Flossie passed within 75 miles (121 km) of Baja California Peninsula, producing moderate winds and killing seven people. Afterwards, Tropical Storm Gil dropped heavy rainfall in Southern Mexico early in its life, though caused no damage. Hurricane Henriette later made landfall near Cabo San Lucas with winds of 100 mph (160 km/h), resulting in moderate damage but no deaths. Finally, Ismael struck the state of Sinaloa as a minimal hurricane. Offshore, fishermen were caught off guard by the hurricane, causing 57 of them to drown. On land, Ismael destroyed thousands of houses, leaving 30,000 homeless and killing another 59. Both Hurricanes Flossie and Ismael also produced moisture and localized damage in the Southwestern United States.

Activity in the Central Pacific Ocean was below normal, as well. No tropical storms formed in the basin. For the first time in four years, Barbara was the only tropical cyclone to exist within the basin, but it formed in the Eastern Pacific. It entered as a weakening tropical storm, and quickly dissipated, without affecting land. It was the least active in the basin since 1979, when the basin was completely quiet, as no storms entered the basin that year.

## Systems

### Tropical Depression One-E

| Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | May 21 – May 23 |
| Peak intensity | 35 mph (55 km/h) (1-min);
1005 mbar (hPa) |

A westward-moving tropical wave entered the Pacific Ocean in mid-May. Convection within the disturbance became more concentrated and organized on May 19 while the wave was located a short distance south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec. The deep convection concentrated around a low-level circulation with expanding outflow, and the system developed into Tropical Depression One-E on May 21, while located about 400 mi (640 km) south of Manzanillo, Mexico. Initially the depression was forecast to strengthen to reach winds of 55 mph (89 km/h) as it moved westward under the influence of a high-pressure system to its north. Outflow increased as the storm moved through an area of warm waters and a favorable upper-level environment, and two satellite classifications indicated the system was at tropical storm status around nine hours after forming. Despite the favorable environment and satellite classifications of tropical storm status, the depression failed to organize further. The convection and organization continued to decrease, and on May 23 the depression dissipated.

While it was developing, locally moderate to heavy rainfall fell across southern Mexico along the disturbance's northern periphery, with rainfall totals peaking at 5.18 inches (132 mm) at Vallecitos/Petatlan.

### Hurricane Adolph

| Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | June 15 – June 21 |
| Peak intensity | 130 mph (215 km/h) (1-min);
948 mbar (hPa) |

An area of disturbed weather associated with a tropical wave organized off the southwest coast of Mexico during the middle of June. Banding features developed as a circulation persisted on the northeast side of its deep convection, and the system developed into Tropical Depression Two-E on June 15. Under weak steering currents, the depression moved slowly northward, and with deep convection organizing near its center, the depression intensified to Tropical Storm Adolph on June 16. Located in an area of warm waters, Adolph exhibited a well-defined outflow pattern, and rapidly strengthened to attain hurricane status on June 17 as a banding-type eye developed. Hurricane Adolph turned to the northwest and attained major hurricane status late that same day. The small eye of the hurricane continued to organize, as very deep convection surrounded the eyewall, and Adolph reached its peak intensity of 135 mph (217 km/h) on June 18, making it a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale. Shortly thereafter, the storm weakened, as the upper-level environment became more hostile, and the system moved over progressively cooler waters. On June 19, Adolph turned to the west, and degenerated back into a tropical storm later that day. On June 20, the storm weakened to a tropical depression, and on June 21, Adolph began to dissipate as its center became devoid of deep convection.

As Adolph moved north towards Mexico while about 290 mi (470 km) off the coast, the Mexican government issued a tropical storm warning and a hurricane watch from Punta Tejupan to Cabo Corrientes, Jalisco. When the storm turned to the northwest and later to the west, the government discontinued the warnings as it was determined the storm would not be a threat to land. No damage or casualties were reported.

### Hurricane Barbara

| Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | July 7 – July 18 |
| Peak intensity | 140 mph (220 km/h) (1-min);
940 mbar (hPa) |

A few days later, on June 24, another weak tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa. It moved steadily westward through the Atlantic Ocean without any development, and entered the eastern Pacific Ocean on July 5. At this point, convection developed along the wave axis, and the system gradually organized. A circulation developed as it passed through an area of warm waters, and the system developed into Tropical Depression Three-E on July 7, while located about 600 miles (970 km) south of Manzanillo, Colima. Although the outer rainbands warmed slightly in the hours after the formation, the convection near the center deepened further with favorable upper-level outflow, and the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Barbara early on July 8. Barbara steadily intensified, and following the development of a ragged eye that night, Barbara strengthened into a hurricane on July 9, while located about 700 miles (1,100 km) south of the southern tip of Baja California Peninsula.

After moving into an area of light vertical shear and warm water temperatures, Barbara quickly intensified to reach major hurricane status on July 10. The eye continued to become better organized, and Barbara attained winds of 135 mph (217 km/h) later on July 10. After maintaining its intensity for 24 hours, increased wind shear from an upper-tropospheric trough degraded the appearance of the deepest convection, and the eye became obscured from satellite images. After weakening to a 115 mph (185 km/h) hurricane, Barbara maintained its intensity for 30 hours before moving into an area with very warm waters and a favorable upper-level environment. On July 13, the hurricane re-organized, a distinct eye again developed, and Barbara strengthened to reach its peak intensity of 140 mph (230 km/h) later that day. Barbara continued westward under the influence of a subtropical ridge to its north, and began to steadily weaken on July 14 as it moved into an area of cooler water temperatures. The hurricane degraded to a tropical storm on July 16, and a day later it deteriorated to a tropical depression. As a depression with little to no convection near its center, Barbara continued west-northwestward until dissipating on July 18 while located 720 mi (1,160 km) east-southeast of Hilo, Hawaii. Barbara remained away from land for its entire lifetime, and it did not cause any damage or deaths.

### Hurricane Cosme

| Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | July 17 – July 22 |
| Peak intensity | 75 mph (120 km/h) (1-min);
985 mbar (hPa) |

As Barbara moved away from land, another area of disturbed weather moved off the coast of Central America on July 11. Moving westward, this area slowly organized, and developed a low-level circulation on July 22. The convection developed into curved rainbands, and based on Dvorak classifications of 35 mph (56 km/h), the National Hurricane Center estimated that the system developed into Tropical Depression Four-E on July 17, while located about 400 mi (640 km) south-southeast of the southern tip of Baja California Peninsula. As the depression was situated in an area with warm waters and moderate upper-level outflow, the system was forecast to slowly intensify to a 50 mph (80 km/h) tropical storm. Initially, the depression followed the forecasts, and it intensified into a tropical storm about 30 hours after developing, receiving the name "*Cosme*". Cosme was expected to strengthen only slightly due to predicted cooler waters and increased shear.

On July 18, contrary to the predictions, Cosme became much better organized, and well-defined banding features were visible on satellite imagery. The storm continued to steadily intensify, and subsequent to the development of an eye, Cosme strengthened into a hurricane late on July 19, while located 380 miles (610 km) west-southwest of the southern tip of Baja California Peninsula. After maintaining hurricane status for 18 hours, Cosme weakened back to a tropical storm on July 20. Cooler water temperatures deteriorated the convection near the center, resulting in Cosme quickly weakening to a tropical depression on July 21. After turning to the west-southwest, Cosme dissipated on July 22. Cosme never affected land, and as a result caused no damage or fatalities. However, the intensity of the storm is still uncertain; late on July 18, a ship 70 mi (110 km) to the east of Cosme reported winds of 17 mph (27 km/h), despite that a normal 50 mph (80 km/h) tropical storm would produce tropical storm force winds for locations within at least 70 mi (110 km) of the center.

### Tropical Storm Dalila

| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | July 24 – August 2 |
| Peak intensity | 65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min);
994 mbar (hPa) |

A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on July 11. It moved westward and quickly developed two areas of convection along the wave axis. One of the areas nearly developed into a tropical depression after moving northwestward, though it failed to organize further and dissipated. The southern area continued westward and ultimately entered the eastern Pacific Ocean on July 21. Thunderstorms along the wave axis became more concentrated a few hundred miles south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec, and the system developed into Tropical Depression Five-E on July 24 while located 500 mi (800 km) southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico.

Located in an area of weak steering currents and easterly wind shear, the tropical depression drifted to the north-northeast while the convection was displaced up to 70 mi (110 km) west of the circulation. Slightly strengthening occurred, and on July 25 the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Dalila. The storm turned to the northwest, and later to the west-northwest, and remained a minimal tropical storm until July 28 when a decrease in wind shear allowed Dalila to strengthen. A strong anticyclone developed to the north of the system, causing Dalila to accelerate to the northwest. Late on July 28, Dalila reached a peak intensity of 65 mph (105 km/h) at a position 570 mi (920 km) southwest of Cabo San Lucas. Tropical Storm Dalila slowly weakened after moving over progressively cooler water temperatures, and on August 1 it degenerated into a tropical depression. Dalila turned to the southwest after much of the convection waned, and the system dissipated on August 2.

### Tropical Storm Erick

| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | August 1 – August 8 |
| Peak intensity | 65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min);
994 mbar (hPa) |

On July 17 a tropical wave exited the coast of Africa, and moved westward. An area of convection along the wave organized slightly on July 18, though the next day the convection diminished. After moving through the Windward Islands on July 23, deep convection again increased. The system failed to organize further, though convection continued to develop upon entering the eastern Pacific Ocean on July 27. The cloudiness and thunderstorms became more consolidated off the coast of southern Mexico, and on July 31 Dvorak classifications began on the system. A circulation developed, and the system organized into Tropical Depression Six-E on August 1 while located about 520 mi (840 km) south of the southern tip of Baja California Peninsula.

Initially, the depression was a small system with moderate amounts of easterly wind shear. It organized slowly, and after moving to the southwest for 24 hours it turned to the northwest. Subsequent to an increase in convection over the center, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Erick on August 4. Erick gradually strengthened as it moved to the west-northwest, and reached peak winds of 65 mph (105 km/h) on August 5 while located about 720 miles (1,160 km) southwest of Cabo San Lucas. Operationally, the storm was forecast to continue to strengthen to reach hurricane status, though this did not occur. The mid-level ridge which had been tracking Erick westward weakened, resulting in Erick to turn to the north over cooler waters. It quickly weakened to a tropical depression on August 6, and after turning to an eastward drift Erick dissipated on August 8 while located 700 mi (1,100 km) west-southwest of the southern tip of Baja California Peninsula. Erick never affected land.

### Hurricane Flossie

| Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | August 7 – August 14 |
| Peak intensity | 80 mph (130 km/h) (1-min);
978 mbar (hPa) |

A large circulation with an area of low pressure persisted in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean in early August. The large circulation was well-developed by August 7, and the convection concentrated a few hundred miles southwest of Acapulco. Based on its organization, the National Hurricane Center designated the system Tropical Depression Seven-E. On August 8, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Flossie, based on ship reports. The storm paralleled the coast of Mexico as it moved northwestward, and after a decrease of wind shear Flossie developed very deep convection over its center. It intensified into a hurricane on August 10, reaching peak winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) as an embedded warm spot appeared in the center of the storm. After maintaining its peak intensity for 18 hours and passing within 75 mi (121 km) of Baja California Peninsula, Flossie weakened over cooler waters and degenerated to a tropical storm on August 12. The storm continued to weaken, and early on August 14 Flossie dissipated.

The government of Mexico issued a tropical storm warning from Punta Tejupan to Cabo Corrientes early in its life, though it was discontinued shortly thereafter. Officials issued a tropical storm watch and later a warning for Baja California Sur south of La Paz, which was later extended from Loreto on the east coast to San Juanico on the west coast. The large circulation of Hurricane Flossie produced gusty winds along the west coast of Mexico and southern Baja California Peninsula. Cabo San Lucas reported a gust of 55 mph (89 km/h), and San José del Cabo recorded a gust of 65 mph (105 km/h). The storm produced heavy rainfall, peaking at 9.72 in (247 mm) at San Felipe/Los Cabos. Seven people died in Mexico from the storm, including two that drowned in Cabo San Lucas. A monsoon surge moving around its eastern periphery produced heavy rainfall in the American Southwest. Flooding from the rainfall killed one person and left eleven motorists stranded. Thunderstorms in Tucson, Arizona, produced hurricane-force wind gusts which caused widespread power outages and damage. Damage from the storm in Arizona totaled to $5 million (1995 USD; $10 million 2024 USD), although damage in Mexico, if any, is unknown.

### Tropical Storm Gil

| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | August 19 – August 27 |
| Peak intensity | 65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min);
993 mbar (hPa) |

An area of disturbed weather, possibly related to a tropical wave, persisted and gradually organized in the Gulf of Tehuantepec. A circulation developed within its deep convection, and the system organized into Tropical Depression Seven-E on August 19 while located about 115 mi (185 km) southeast of Acapulco. Operationally, it was not until 15 hours later that the National Hurricane Center initiated advisories on the system. The depression moved westward and quickly intensified into a tropical storm. A nearby ship confirmed the existence of tropical storm force winds, and Gil reached winds of 50 mph (80 km/h) early on August 21. With well-defined outflow and continually developing convection, forecasters predicted Gil to strengthen more and attain hurricane status within two days of becoming a tropical storm. However, increased northeasterly wind shear initially prevented further strengthening.

On August 22, the cloud pattern of Gil became better organized, though the low-level circulation was located to the northeast of the deep convection due to the wind shear. The shear also limited outflow to the east, preventing further strengthening. Gradually the convection developed nearer to the center. After Gil turned to the northwest, the deep convection organized into a central dense overcast, and it strengthened to reach winds of 60 mph (97 km/h) on August 24. Later that day the storm attained a peak strength of 65 mph (105 km/h) while located 380 mi (610 km) southwest of the southern tip of Baja California Peninsula. After maintaining its peak strength for 30 hours, Gil moved over progressively cooler waters, and weakened to a tropical depression on August 26. The depression drifted westward and later turned to the north, and dissipated on August 27 while located 670 mi (1,080 km) to the west of Cabo San Lucas. While located a short distance off of Mexico, Gil produced heavy rainfall near the coast. However, there were no reports of casualties or damages in association with the storm.

### Hurricane Henriette

| Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | September 1 – September 8 |
| Peak intensity | 100 mph (155 km/h) (1-min);
970 mbar (hPa) |

A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on August 15. It traversed westward and entered the eastern Pacific Ocean on August 29. The system quickly developed deep convection and a low-level circulation, and on September 1 it organized into Tropical Depression Nine-E while located about 170 mi (270 km) off the southwest coast of Mexico. Under favorable conditions, the depression slowly strengthened to become Tropical Storm Henriette on September 2 while located 220 mi (350 km) west of Manzanillo. Henriette quickly organized and intensified into a hurricane on September 3 while located 135 mi (217 km) west-southwest of Puerto Vallarta in Jalisco. Late on September 3, an eye began to form in the center of the deep convection as Henriette turned to the northwest. The eye became better defined the next day, and Henriette attained a peak intensity of 100 mph (160 km/h) as the northern portion of the eyewall moved over southern Baja California Peninsula. The hurricane quickly crossed the southern tip of Baja California Peninsula and re-emerged into the Pacific Ocean. Convection gradually waned as the hurricane moved over progressively colder waters, and on September 6 Henriette weakened to a tropical depression.

On September 2, a few hours after Henriette became a tropical storm, the government of Mexico issued tropical cyclone warnings and watches for Baja California Peninsula. The threat of Hurricane Henriette prompted a Carnival Cruise Line ship to alter their route. Winds of up to 100 mph (160 km/h) in southern Baja California Sur left much of Cabo San Lucas without water or power. 2,000 people were directly affected by the hurricane. A strong storm surge produced flooding and heavy road damage in the state. 800 people were forced from their homes, and crop damage was reported. No damage estimates are available, and no deaths were reported.

### Hurricane Ismael

| Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | September 12 – September 16 |
| Peak intensity | 80 mph (130 km/h) (1-min);
983 mbar (hPa) |

Hurricane Ismael developed from a persistent area of deep convection on September 12, and steadily strengthened as it moved to the north-northwest. Ismael attained hurricane status on September 14 while located 210 mi (340 km) off the coast of Mexico. It continued to the north, and after passing a short distance east of Baja California Peninsula it made landfall on Topolobampo in the state of Sinaloa with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). Ismael rapidly weakened over land, and dissipated on September 16 over northwestern Mexico. The remnants entered the United States and extended eastward into the mid-Atlantic states.

Offshore, Ismael produced waves of up to 30 ft (9.1 m) in height. Hundreds of fishermen were unprepared by the hurricane, which was expected to move more slowly, and as a result 52 ships were wrecked, killing 57 fishermen. The hurricane destroyed thousands of houses, leaving 30,000 people homeless. On land, Ismael caused 59 casualties in mainland Mexico and resulted in $26 million in damage (1995 USD; $52 million 2024 USD). Moisture from the storm extended into the United States, causing heavy rainfall and localized moderate damage in southeastern New Mexico.

### Hurricane Juliette

| Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Duration | September 16 – September 26 |
| Peak intensity | 150 mph (240 km/h) (1-min);
930 mbar (hPa) |

A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa behind Hurricane Luis on August 31. Strong outflow from Luis prevented development of the wave, and it continued westward until crossing into the eastern Pacific Ocean on September 12. Convection increased as it moved through the Gulf of Tehuantepec, and the cloud pattern organized sufficiently to warrant Dvorak classifications for the system on September 15. Based on the development of a low-level circulation, it is estimated the system organized into Tropical Depression Eleven-E on September 16 while located around 290 miles (470 km) south of Manzanillo, Mexico. Due to the tropical depression moving over an area of warm water temperatures with favorable upper-level outflow, the NHC anticipated strengthening. The small tropical depression quickly intensified into Tropical Storm Juliette as it moved west-northwestward. The storm organized further with a well-defined rainband drawn into the circulation. The storm quickly intensified, and subsequent to the development of a small eye, Juliette attained hurricane status on September 18, just 42 hours after developing. The eye became better defined as the hurricane moved to the west-northwest, a motion caused by a weak ridge to its north, and Juliette attained major hurricane status early on September 19. Possibly due to increased northeasterly wind shear from an upper-level trough, Juliette stopped its intensification trend, though as it turned to the west it again re-organized. On September 20, while located 420 miles (680 km) southwest of Cabo San Lucas, Juliette attained a peak strength of 150 mph (240 km/h), the strongest tropical cyclone of the season and a Category 4 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.

After maintaining its peak intensity for less than 12 hours, Juliette began to weaken due to an eyewall replacement cycle. After turning to the west-northwest, the winds of the hurricane dropped to 100 mph (160 km/h) by September 22, and the eyewall expanded to about 80 miles (130 km) in diameter. The eyewall contracted to about 40 miles (64 km), and as a result Juliette re-strengthened to attain winds of 105 mph (169 km/h). An eastward moving trough of low pressure turned the hurricane to the north-northeast into an area of cooler water temperatures and increased wind shear. Juliette quickly weakened to a tropical storm late on September 24. The eastward moving trough moved past the storm, resulting in the motion of Juliette turning to a southeast drift. The convection waned and disappeared on September 25, and on September 26 Juliette dissipated while located 450 miles (720 km) west of the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula.

When the motion of Juliette turned to the northeast, some computer models predicted it to continue northeastward and strike Baja California Sur. As a result, the government of Mexico issued a tropical storm watch as a precautionary measure for portions of the state. When the storm weakened rapidly and turned from the coast, the watch was canceled. Juliette remained away from land masses for its lifetime, and as a result there were no reports of damage or deaths. In southern California, however, the hurricane produced high waves that created dangerous surfing conditions. These waves wiped out a fishing derby. The remnants of Hurricane Juliette moved into New Mexico and western Texas, producing scattered showers and thunderstorms.

### Other system

According to the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), on January 4 a tropical depression formed east of the International Dateline on January 4, and three days later it exited CPHC's area of responsibility. According to the JTWC and Japan Meteorological Agency, on November 10 a tropical depression formed east of the International Dateline on November 10, and soon it exited CPHC's area of responsibility.

## Storm names

The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Pacific Ocean east of 140°W in 1995. This is the same list used for the 1989 season, except for *Wallis*, which had been interchanged with *Winnie*, and *Dalila*, a respelling of "Dalilia" (as used previously). The name Dalila was used for the first time in 1995.

For storms that form in the North Pacific from 140°W to the International Date Line, the names come from a series of four rotating lists. Names are used one after the other without regard to year, and when the bottom of one list is reached, the next named storm receives the name at the top of the next list. No named storms formed in the central North Pacific in 2001. Named storms in the table above that crossed into the area during the year are noted (\*).

### Retirement

The World Meteorological Organization retired the name *Ismael* in the spring of 1996 from future use in the Eastern Pacific. Originally slated to be replaced with *Israel*, it was ultimately replaced with *Ivo* during the 2001 season.

## Season effects

This is a table of all of the tropical cyclones that formed in the 1995 Pacific hurricane season. It includes their name, duration, peak classification and intensities, areas affected, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 1995 USD.

| Saffir–Simpson scale | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TD | TS | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 |

1995 Pacific tropical cyclone season statistics
| Storm
name | Dates active | Storm category
at peak intensity | Max 1-min
wind
mph (km/h) | Min.
press.
(mbar) | Areas affected | Damage
(USD) | Deaths | Ref(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| One-E | May 21 – 23 | Tropical depression | 35 (55) | 1005 | None | None | None |  |
| Adolph | June 15 – 21 | Category 4 hurricane | 130 (215) | 948 | None | None | None |  |
| Barbara | July 7 – 18 | Category 4 hurricane | 140 (220) | 940 | None | None | None |  |
| Cosme | July 17 – 22 | Category 1 hurricane | 75 (120) | 985 | None | None | None |  |
| Dalila | July 24 – August 2 | Tropical storm | 65 (100) | 994 | None | None | None |  |
| Erick | August 1 – 8 | Tropical storm | 65 (100) | 994 | None | None | None |  |
| Flossie | August 7 – 14 | Category 1 hurricane | 80 (130) | 978 | Baja California Peninsula | $5 million | 8 |  |
| Gil | August 18 – 27 | Tropical storm | 65 (100) | 993 | Southwestern Mexico | Minimal | None |  |
| Henriette | September 1 – 8 | Category 2 hurricane | 100 (155) | 970 | Northern Mexico, Baja California Peninsula | Minimal | None |  |
| Ismael | September 12 – 15 | Category 1 hurricane | 80 (130) | 983 | Northern Mexico, Arizona | $26 million | 116 |  |
| Juliette | September 16 – 26 | Category 4 hurricane | 150 (240) | 930 | Baja California Peninsula, California | None | None |  |
| Season aggregates | | | | | | | | | | |
| 11 systems | May 21 – September 26 |  | 150 (240) | 930 |  | $31 million | 124 |  |

## InfoBox

| 1995 Pacific hurricane season | |
| --- | --- |
| Season summary map | |
| Seasonal boundaries | |
| First system formed | May 21, 1995 |
| Last system dissipated | September 26, 1995 |
| Strongest storm | |
|  | |
| Name | Juliette |
| Maximum winds | 150 mph (240 km/h)
(*1-minute sustained*) |
| Lowest pressure | 930 mbar (hPa; 27.46 inHg) |
|  | |
| Seasonal statistics | |
| Total depressions | 11 |
| Total storms | 10 |
| Hurricanes | 7 |
| Major hurricanes
(Cat. 3+) | 3 |
| Total fatalities | 124 total |
| Total damage | $31 million (1995 USD) |
| Related articles | |
|  | |
|


title: 1923–24 Chelsea F.C. season

abstract: The 1923–24 season was Chelsea Football Club's fifteenth competitive season. The club finished 21st in the First Division and were relegated.

text:
# 1923–24 Chelsea F.C. season

The **1923–24 season** was **Chelsea Football Club'**s fifteenth competitive season. The club finished 21st in the First Division and were relegated.

## Table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GAv | Pts | Relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18 | Preston North End | 42 | 12 | 10 | 20 | 52 | 67 | 0.776 | 34 |  |
| 19 | Arsenal | 42 | 12 | 9 | 21 | 40 | 63 | 0.635 | | 33 |
| 20 | Nottingham Forest | 42 | 10 | 12 | 20 | 42 | 64 | 0.656 | | 32 |
| 21 | Chelsea (R) | 42 | 9 | 14 | 19 | 31 | 53 | 0.585 | 32 | Relegation to the Second Division |
| 22 | Middlesbrough (R) | 42 | 7 | 8 | 27 | 37 | 60 | 0.617 | | 22 |

Source: World Football
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal average; 3) Goals scored
(R) Relegated  * Glanvill, Rick (2006). *Chelsea FC: The Official Biography – The Definitive Story of the First 100 Years*. Headline Book Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-7553-1466-2.
* Hockings, Ron. *100 Years of The Blues – A Statistical History of Chelsea FC 1905–2006*.

## InfoBox

Chelsea
| 1923–24 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Chairman | Claude Kirby |
| Manager | David Calderhead |
| Stadium | Stamford Bridge |
| First Division | 21st |
| FA Cup | Second round |
| Top goalscorer | League:
Andy Wilson (5)
All:
Andy Wilson (6) |
| Highest home attendance | 50,000 vs West Ham United
(20 October 1923) |
| Lowest home attendance | 15,000 vs Notts County
(9 February 1924) |
| Average home league attendance | 32,048 |
| Biggest win | 4–1 v Sunderland
(26 April 1924) |
| Biggest defeat | 0–6 v Notts County
(9 February 1924) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Asenati Taylor

abstract: Le'Aufa'amulia Asenati Lole-Taylor is a former New Zealand politician. She was a member of the House of Representatives for the New Zealand First party from 2011 to 2014.

text:
# Asenati Taylor

**Le'Aufa'amulia Asenati Lole-Taylor** (born 1962 or 1963) is a former New Zealand politician. She was a member of the House of Representatives for the New Zealand First party from 2011 to 2014.

## Early life

Born in Samoa, Taylor emigrated to New Zealand at the age of 17. She served as chairperson of the Auckland City Pacific Islands Board and as a member of the Pacific Health Advisory Committee of the Auckland District Health Board. Prior to election to Parliament, Taylor worked as the Regional Advisor Pacific Northern Region for Rehabilitation and Reintegration Services at the Department of Corrections.

She has three children and one stepson. She holds the chiefly title *Le'Aufa'amulia* from the Samoan village of Falese'ela.

## Political career

New Zealand Parliament
| Years | Term | Electorate | List | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20112014 | 50th | List | 8 |  | NZ First |

Taylor ran for office on three occasions under the name Asenati Lole-Taylor. In 2007, she was an unsuccessful New Zealand Labour Party candidate in the Tamaki-Maungakiekie Ward in the Auckland City Council elections.

By the following year she had changed parties to New Zealand First. She contested the 2008 election in the Maungakiekie electorate, and was placed seventh on the party list, but the party won no seats. For the 2011 election she contested Manukau East and elected as the eighth-ranked candidate on the party list.

As a member of parliament, Taylor was a member of the law and order committee until March 2012 and thereafter sat on the social services committee. From March 2012 until the end of her term she was the New Zealand First party spokesperson on corrections, ethnic affairs, Pacific Island affairs and social welfare, and the associate spokesperson on housing. A member's bill in Taylor's name, the Sentencing (Protection of Children from Criminal Offending) Amendment Bill, passed its first reading in September 2013 and was defeated in December 2014.

In 2013, Taylor voted against the Marriage Amendment Bill, which aimed to permit same sex marriage in New Zealand, with all of her fellow New Zealand First MPs.

After being demoted to the sixteenth position on the New Zealand First party list, Lole-Taylor failed to return to Parliament at the 2014 general election.

## After Parliament

Following her demotion and subsequent failure to get re-elect Taylor has kept a low profile. Taylor came to prominence when it was found both she and her husband, Dennis Taylor, had illicitly accessed private data during their time working for the Department of Corrections. The access was found to be in regards to an elected official of the New Zealand First Party. Records pertaining to drink driving offences committed by Marise Bishop, a former director on New Zealand First's board and Mana electorate chairwoman, were accessed from Corrections. Bishop believed Dennis Taylor's motivation was down to his wife's loyalty to fellow Samoan New Zealand First member Tim Manu who was active in the Mana electorate but with whom Bishop had fallen out with. Following the release of this information Taylor hinted she was contemplating a move to Australia and removed most of her social media presence, having been known for outspoken tweets during her time as an MP.

In May 2015 Taylor left New Zealand despite a probe into the activities of her and her husband. They were believed to have left New Zealand in March.

## InfoBox

| Le'Aufa'amulia Asenati Lole-Taylor | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the New Zealand Parliament
for New Zealand First party list | |
| **In office**
26 November 2011 (2011-11-26)  20 September 2014 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Asenati Lole
1962 or 1963 (age 60–61)
Apia, Samoa |
| Nationality | Samoan and New Zealand |
| Political party | New Zealand First |
| Spouse | Dennis Taylor |
| Children | 3 |
| Residence(s) | Central Coast, Australia |
| Profession | Administrator |
|  | |


title: Armondo Linus Acosta

abstract: Armondo Linus Acosta, also known as Armand Acosta and Armando Acosta, is an American-born award-winning film director, screenwriter, cinematographer, producer and designer. He is best known for his motion picture film-in-concert Romeo.Juliet. Acosta is about to release "The Living Tableau", a stand-alone filmic recreation of Leonardo DaVinci's The Last Supper, as well as the opening sequence of Acosta's new feature film project: The Last Supper: A Divine Prophecy. "The Living Tableau" is the first time in motion picture history that Vittorio Storaro, cinematographer, Dante Ferretti, production designer and Francesca Lo Schiavo, set decorator, have worked together.

text:
# Armondo Linus Acosta

**Armondo Linus Acosta**, also known as **Armand Acosta** and **Armando Acosta** (born September 23, 1938), is an American-born award-winning film director, screenwriter, cinematographer, producer and designer. He is best known for his motion picture film-in-concert *Romeo.Juliet*. Acosta is about to release "The Living Tableau", a stand-alone filmic recreation of Leonardo DaVinci's *The Last Supper,* as well as the opening sequence of Acosta's new feature film project: *The Last Supper: A Divine Prophecy.* "The Living Tableau" is the first time in motion picture history that Vittorio Storaro, cinematographer, Dante Ferretti, production designer and Francesca Lo Schiavo, set decorator, have worked together.

## Early life and education

Acosta was born in Bradford, Pennsylvania. The eldest of three children, his parents were popular musicians during the Big Band era: Kay Bratton, Acosta's mother, was a jazz singer and his father, Alex Acosta, a drummer. During the first eleven years of Acosta's life, the road was home. He traveled around the country wherever his parents performed.

He began a precocious education in music, art and theater at the age of eight. Acosta went on to study at Tomlinson Technical Institute, Ringling College of Art and Design in Sarasota, Florida, and the Art Center College of Design in Los Angeles, California.

## Career

Acosta created, directed, designed and lit over 250 major international award-winning commercials for institutions, companies and organizations. Clients and assignments included Ford Motor Company, General Motors, Chrysler, NASA, MGM, ABC, CBS, NBC, Paramount Pictures, Warner Bros., Eastman Kodak, Chanel, Herman Miller, The New York World’s Fair, and Alka-Seltzer. His work is represented in the International Design Annuals and the Television Hall of Fame.

An ‘A&R’ and design consultant, Acosta created and designed numerous 33 1/3 album covers for producer Richard Bock, founder of Pacific Jazz Records (known in the 1960s as World Pacific Records).

From 1958 through 1963 Acosta learned first-hand from Roger Corman. Acosta worked with Coppola on *The Young Racers* as visual consultant and *Battle Beyond the Sun*. Learning the trade by wearing many hats, Acosta participated in various Corman film projects including *The Haunted Palace.*

In 1962 Acosta was appointed Filmic Designer for the Emmy nominated, avant-garde television variety show "The Lively Ones." The show, sponsored by Ford Motor Company, aired for two seasons on NBC and starred Vic Damone, directed by Barry Shear with music by Jerry Fielding.

In the early 1960s, the Vatican commissioned Acosta to create, write and design a series of 15 short feature films illustrating the *Psalms*. Acosta worked with Father Patrick Peyton’s Family Theater Productions.

The *Psalms* collection was screened in the Vatican Pavilion at the 1964 New York World’s Fair. One of the short films, *The Soldier*, featuring the then young William Shatner, was screened at the 1964 Venice Film Festival. *The Soldier* won awards in the international film festival circuit, along with receiving industry recognition.

Armondo Linus Acosta was represented for over three decades by show business agent, Dennis Selinger of ICM London. Acosta’s long-time legal representative was Lee Steiner of Loeb & Loeb.

Acosta has served as consultant, writer and cinematographer-director. During the 1960s, he worked officially and unofficially with Hollywood producers and directors including Alfred Hitchcock, Blake Edwards, Pandro Berman, Joseph E. Levine, Vittorio De Sica, Stanley Kramer, David Lean, Vincente Minnelli, Anthony Mann, Robert Aldrich, Shirley Clarke, James B. Harris and Orson Welles.

After establishing his own company, Moonseed Productions, Acosta with his international repertory crew of devotees, started working on his first full-length motion picture in 1988 as director, writer, cinematographer and producer. The world premiere of the acclaimed *Romeo.Juliet* was held at the 1990 Venice Film Festival. The film is an interpretation of Shakespeare's classic love story features Serge Prokofiev's "Romeo and Juliet Ballet" performed by the London Symphony Orchestra and conducted by André Previn. The film stars Sir John Hurt (the only human character) and the British award-winning voice-over cast of Dame Maggie Smith, Vanessa Redgrave, Robert Powell, Sir Ben Kingsley, Francesca Annis, Victor Spinetti and Quentin Crisp.

Acosta is the director, mentor and founder of The Academy of Film and The Arts, an international film school and studio based in Ghent, Belgium.

In addition to completing "The Living Tableau" with Storaro, Ferretti and Lo Schiavo, Acosta's other film projects include: *The Last Supper: A Divine Prophecy*(in production), *Shooting Stars* (post-production) and *Joy* (pre-production).

In the year 2000, Acosta was reunited with his mentor, Roger Corman at the Flanders International Film Festival in Ghent, Belgium.

On November 14, 2009, Acosta attended the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Governor’s Award Ball honoring Roger Corman.

## Credits

### Filmography (general)

### Filmography (director)

* *Romeo.Juliet* (1990)
* "Shooting Stars" (post-production)
* "Joy" (pre-production)
* "The Last Supper: A Divine Prophecy" (in production)

### Television

* "Follow the Sun" (1961–1962), series, United States
* "The Lively Ones" (1962–1963), series, United States


title: 1974 Paris–Tours

abstract: The 1974 Paris–Tours was the 68th edition of the Paris–Tours cycle race and was held on 29 September 1974. The race started in Tours and finished in Versailles. The race was won by Francesco Moser.

text:
# 1974 Paris–Tours

The **1974 Paris–Tours** was the 68th edition of the Paris–Tours cycle race and was held on 29 September 1974. The race started in Tours and finished in Versailles. The race was won by Francesco Moser.

## General classification

| **Final general classification**  Rank Rider Time  ~~1~~  ~~Gerben Karstens (NED)~~   1  Francesco Moser (ITA) 5h 52' 55"  2  Jean-Pierre Danguillaume (FRA) \+ 14"  4  Eric Leman (BEL) \+ 18"  5  Freddy Maertens (BEL) \+ 18"  6  Frans Verbeeck (BEL) \+ 18"  7  Roger De Vlaeminck (BEL) \+ 18"  8  Rik Van Linden (BEL) \+ 18"  9  Bernard Bourreau (FRA) \+ 18"  10  André Dierickx (BEL) \+ 18" |
| --- |

1. "Paris-Tours (HC)". *BikeRaceInfo*. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
2. "68ème Paris-Tours 1974". *Memoire du cyclisme*. Archived from the original on 26 January 2004.
3. "1974 Paris - Tours". *First Cycling*. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
4. "Paris - Tours". *WVCycling*. Retrieved 3 March 2018.

## InfoBox

1974 Paris–Tours
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 29 September 1974 |
| Stages | 1 |
| Distance | 254.5 km (158.1 mi) |
| Winning time | 5h 52' 55" |
| Results | |
| Winner  Francesco Moser (ITA)  Second  Jean-Pierre Danguillaume (FRA) | |
|


title: 1550 in Scotland

abstract: Events from the year 1550 in the Kingdom of Scotland.

text:
# 1550 in Scotland

Events from the year **1550 in the Kingdom of Scotland**.

## Incumbents

## Events

* 24 March – The Treaty of Boulogne ends the hostilities with England known as the Rough Wooing

## Births

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Centuries: |  |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: | List of years in Scotland
Timeline of Scottish history
1550 in: England  Elsewhere |


title: 1960 Panamanian general election

text:
# 1960 Panamanian general election

General elections were held in Panama on 20 May 1960, electing both a new President of the Republic and a new National Assembly.

According to Jan Knippers Black and Edmundo Flores, "Ernesto de la Guardia's administration had been overwhelmed by the rioting and other problems, and the National Patriotic Coalition, lacking effective opposition in the National Assembly, began to disintegrate. Most dissenting factions joined the National Liberal Party in the National Opposition Union."

The 1960 election was without precedent in Panama. For once the usual charges of illegal intervention by the National Guard were absent, and the opposition Liberal coalition candidate, Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón, was declared the winner and installed in office in an unexpectedly peaceful transfer of power.

## Results

### President

| Candidate | | Party or alliance | | | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón | National Opposition Union |  | National Liberal Party | 42,394 | 17.56 |
| | | |  | Republican Party | 26,073 | 10.80 |
| | | |  | Third Nationalist Party | 16,068 | 6.65 |
| | | |  | National Liberation Movement | 15,507 | 6.42 |
| | | | Total | | 100,042 | 41.43 |
|  | Ricardo Arias | National Patriotic Coalition | | | 85,981 | 35.61 |
|  | Víctor Florencio Goytía | Popular Alliance |  | Liberal Civic Resistance Party | 29,031 | 12.02 |
| | | |  | National Progressive Party | 9,785 | 4.05 |
| | | |  | DIPAL Party | 8,635 | 3.58 |
| | | |  | Renewal Party | 8,004 | 3.31 |
| | | | Total | | 55,455 | 22.96 |
| Total | | | | | 241,478 | 100.00 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | | | | 241,478 | 93.58 |
| Invalid/blank votes | | | | | 16,561 | 6.42 |
| Total votes | | | | | 258,039 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | | | | | 435,454 | 59.26 |
| Source: Nohlen | | | | | | |

### National Assembly

| Party or alliance | | | | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | National Opposition Union |  | National Liberal Party | 8 |
| | |  | Republican Party | 9 |
| | |  | Third Nationalist Party | 7 |
| | |  | National Liberation Movement | 4 |
| | | Total | | 28 |
|  | National Patriotic Coalition | | | 18 |
|  | Popular Alliance |  | Liberal Civic Resistance Party | 3 |
| | |  | National Progressive Party | 2 |
| | |  | DIPAL Party | 1 |
| | |  | Renewal Party | 1 |
| | | Total | | 7 |
| Total | | | | 53 |
|  | | | | |
| Source: Nohlen | | | | |


title: Epi-LASIK

abstract:
Epi-LASIK is a refractive surgery technique designed to reduce a person's dependency on eyeglasses and contact lenses. Invented by Dr. Ioannis Pallikaris, the technique is basically an automatic LASEK without alcohol; it can be better considered as superficial LASIK. The stromal bed is smoother than that obtained by mechanical methods or brush. Unlike alcohol (LASEK), there is no chance of damaging the limbal stem cells. It is also relatively less painful than LASEK.
  - A device similar to a microkeratome slides over the surface of the cornea, just underneath the epithelial layer of cells while suction is applied.
  - The result is a hinged sheet of epithelium that is at least partially viable.
  - It is reflected out of the way so that the ablation can take place.
  - The sheet is repositioned and a bandage soft contact lens is placed on the eye. Recent studies show that the surface epithelial layer of the cornea heals faster if the epithelial sheet is removed at the end of surgery. This means that the original rationale for carefully cleaving the epithelium with the aim of replacing it at the end of surgery is flawed. It is better in fact to discard the epithelial layer at the end of surgery, thus making epi-LASIK no different from traditional photorefractive keratectomy surgery.

text:
# Epi-LASIK

**Epi-LASIK** is a refractive surgery technique designed to reduce a person's dependency on eyeglasses and contact lenses. Invented by Dr. Ioannis Pallikaris, the technique is basically an automatic LASEK without alcohol; it can be better considered as superficial LASIK. The stromal bed is smoother than that obtained by mechanical methods or brush. Unlike alcohol (LASEK), there is no chance of damaging the limbal stem cells. It is also relatively less painful than LASEK.

1. A device similar to a microkeratome (called epi-keratome) slides over the surface of the cornea, just underneath the epithelial layer of cells while suction is applied.
2. The result is a hinged sheet of epithelium that is at least partially viable.
3. It is reflected out of the way so that the ablation can take place.
4. The sheet is repositioned and a bandage soft contact lens is placed on the eye.

Recent studies show that the surface epithelial layer of the cornea heals faster if the epithelial sheet is removed at the end of surgery. This means that the original rationale for carefully cleaving the epithelium with the aim of replacing it at the end of surgery is flawed. It is better in fact to discard the epithelial layer at the end of surgery, thus making epi-LASIK no different from traditional photorefractive keratectomy surgery.

## Advantages

1. Less damage to corneal nerves, hence safer in dry eyes
2. If cornea is abnormal for LASIK, epilasik may still be an option

## Complications

Although relatively uncommon, the following are some of the more frequently reported complications of Epi-LASIK:

* Slower or delayed epithelial healing
* Duplication of epithelium
* Over/undercorrection
* Visual acuity fluctuation
* Halos around light sources
* Starbursts around light sources
* Decentered ablation
* Corneal Haze
* Epithelium erosion
* Loss of epithelial flap

A potentially serious complication which occurs in 0.33% to 2.2% of cases is corneal stromal incursion during the microkeratome pass. When this happens, the blade inadvertently cuts into the collagenous corneal stroma and creates an irregularity. If this irregularity is near the visual axis, permanent visual blurring can occur.

## History

The first cases outside Greece were performed in 2003. In September 2003, Marguerite McDonald became the first person in North America to perform Epi-LASIK.


abstract: The 2014 Cork Junior A Football Championship was the 116th staging of the Cork Junior A Football Championship since its establishment by Cork County Board in 1895. The championship ran from 14 September to 25 October 2014. The final was played on 25 October 2014 at Páirc Uí Rinn in Cork, between Millstreet and St Finbarr's, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Millstreet won the match by 1–09 to 1–08 to claim their third championship title overall and a first title in 51 years. Millstreet's Michael Vaughan was the championship's top scorer with 1-13.

text:
# 2014 Cork Junior A Football Championship

The **2014 Cork Junior A Football Championship** was the 116th staging of the Cork Junior A Football Championship since its establishment by Cork County Board in 1895. The championship ran from 14 September to 25 October 2014.

The final was played on 25 October 2014 at Páirc Uí Rinn in Cork, between Millstreet and St Finbarr's, in what was their first ever meeting in the final. Millstreet won the match by 1–09 to 1–08 to claim their third championship title overall and a first title in 51 years.

Millstreet's Michael Vaughan was the championship's top scorer with 1-13.

## Qualification

| Division | Championship | Representatives |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Avondhu | North Cork Junior A Football Championship | Kilshannig |
| Beara | Beara Junior A Football Championship | Garnish |
| Carbery | South West Junior A Football Championship | St Mary's |
| Carrigdhoun | South East Junior A Football Championship | Ballygarvan |
| Duhallow | Duhallow Junior A Football Championship | Millstreet |
| Imokilly | East Cork Junior A Football Championship | Glenbower Rovers |
| Muskerry | Mid Cork Junior A Football Championship | Kilmurry |
| Seandún | City Junior A Football Championship | St Finbarr's |

## Results

### Quarter-finals

| 14 September 2014 Quarter-final | **Ballygarvan** | **1-12 - 0-08** | **Garnish** | Wolfe Tone Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | M O'Riordan 1-4, D McCarthy 0-4, D O'Sullivan 0-3, C O'Sullivan 0-1. |  | P O'Neill 0-5, D Henshaw 0-1, J Harrington 0-1. |  |

| 19 September 2014 Quarter-final | **Glenbower Rovers** | **0-07 - 2-05** | **Millstreet** | Páirc Uí Rinn |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | K Lane 0-2, B McCarthy 0-2, J Deane 0-2, K O'Brien 0-1. |  | M Vaughan 1-3, M Ellis 1-0, M Murphy 0-1, K Crowley 0-1. |  |

| 26 September 2014 Quarter-final | **Kilmurry** | **1-10 - 0-10** | **St Mary's** | Sam Maguire Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | J Buckley 0-4, J Ryan 0-4, D O'Leary 1-0, A Healy 0-1, D Cahalane 0-1. |  | C Daly 0-3, P Daly 0-2, J Daly 0-2, R O'Connor 0-1, C McGillycuddy 0-1, B McCarthy 0-1. |  |

| 28 September 2014 Quarter-final | **St Finbarr's** | **2-09 - 3-06** | **Kilshannig** | Felix Sarsfield Memorial Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | P Harte 1-3, R Leahy 1-1, P Murphy 0-2, C McCarthy 0-1, J O'Donoghue 0-1, D Comyns 0-1. |  | T Kelly 2-0, P O'Connell 1-0, K O'Hanlon 0-3, E O'Sullivan 0-1, T O'Sullivan 0-1, D O'Callaghan 0-1. |  |

| 4 October 2014 Quarter-final replay | **St Finbarr's** | **2-11 - 0-08** | **Kilshannig** | Felix Sarsfield Memorial Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | A Lyons 2-1, R Leahy 0-3, C McCarthy 0-2, P Harte 0-2, M Russell 0-1, C Madden 0-1, E Comyns 0-1. |  | K O'Hanlon 0-4, T Kelly 0-2, T O'Sullivan 0-1, P Cronin 0-1. |  |

### Semi-finals

| 5 October 2014 Semi-final | **Millstreet** | **1-11 - 0-10** | **Kilmurry** | Castle Grounds |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | M Vaughan 0-8, M Ellis 1-1, B Sheehan 0-1, T Collins 0-1. |  | J Buckley 0-4, J Ryan 0-2, E Barrett 0-1, D O'Halloran 0-1, J White 0-1, D McCarthy 0-1. |  |

| 11 October 2014 Semi-final | **St Finbarr's** | **0-08 - 0-06** | **Ballygarvan** | Ted Hanley Memorial Park |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | R Leahy 0-3, D Comyns 0-2, J O'Donoghue 0-1, C McCarthy 0-1, P Harte 0-1. |  | M O'Riordan 0-3, D McCarthy 0-2, D Murphy 0-1. |  |

### Final

| 25 October 2014 Final | **Millstreet** | **1-09 - 1-08** | **St Finbarr's** | Páirc Uí Rinn |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | C Crowley 1-1, M Vaughan, M Murphy 0-2 each, J Broxton, T Collins, K Crowley, D Kiely 0-1 each. | Report | P Harte 1-1 (1-0 penalty, one free), E Finn 0-2, E Comyns, D O’Brien, C Madden, C McCarthy, J O’Donoghue 0-1 each. | Referee: M Collins (Clonakilty) |

## Championship statistics

### Top scorers

| Rank | Player | Club | Tally | Total | Matches | Average |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Michael Vaughan | Millstreet | 1-13 | 16 | 3 | 5.33 |
| 2 | Paul Harte | St Finbarr's | 2-07 | 13 | 4 | 3.25 |
| 3 | Matthew O'Riordan | Ballygarvan | 1-07 | 10 | 2 | 5.00 |
| | Roy Leahy | St Finbarr's | 1-07 | 10 | 4 | 2.50 |
| 5 | Tony Kelly | Kilshannig | 2-02 | 8 | 2 | 4.00 |
| | Jonathan Buckley | Kilmurry | 0-08 | 8 | 2 | 4.00 |
| 7 | Adam Lyne | St Finbarr's | 2-01 | 7 | 4 | 1.75 |
| | Mark Mllis | Millstreet | 2-01 | 7 | 3 | 2.33 |
| | Killian O'Hanlon | Kilshannig | 0-07 | 7 | 2 | 3.50 |
| 10 | Joe Ryan | Kilmurry | 0-06 | 6 | 2 | 3.00 |
| | Dan McCarthy | Ballygarvan | 0-06 | 6 | 2 | 3.00 |

## InfoBox

2014 Cork Junior A Football Championship
| Dates | 14 September - 25 October 2014 |
| --- | --- |
| Teams | 8 |
| Sponsor | *Evening Echo* |
| Champions | Millstreet (3rd title)
Michael Vaughan (captain) |
| Runners-up | St Finbarr's
Paul Kennedy (captain) |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 8 |
| Goals scored | 14 (1.75 per match) |
| Points scored | 138 (17.25 per match) |
| Top scorer(s) | Michael Vaughan (1-13) |
| 2013 (Previous) (Next) 2015 | |


title: 1911 Christchurch North by-election

abstract: The 1911 Christchurch North by-election was a by-election during the 17th New Zealand Parliament held on 17 August that year in the Christchurch North electorate. It was triggered by the death of sitting member Tommy Taylor on 27 July and was won by his close friend and political ally, Leonard Isitt.

text:
# 1911 Christchurch North by-election

The **1911 Christchurch North by-election** was a by-election during the 17th New Zealand Parliament held on 17 August that year in the Christchurch North electorate. It was triggered by the death of sitting member Tommy Taylor on 27 July and was won by his close friend and political ally, Leonard Isitt.

## Background

Taylor had come to national prominence over prohibition even before he was first elected to parliament in the 1896 election. A radical politician, he was interested in a variety of labour and liberal issues, but was a staunch opponent of Richard Seddon and always maintained his independence, going as far as refusing company ownership or joining cabinet. On a personal level, he was deeply popular with the population, and when he died aged 49 only months after having been elected Mayor of Christchurch, 50,000 people lined the streets during his funeral procession.

## Candidates and campaign

At the time, Taylor had been one of New Zealand's most colourful politicians. Naturally, when it came to discussions around his succession in the Christchurch North electorate, a focus was on people who could advance some of the causes that had been important to Taylor. The two politicians mentioned in this context were Leonard Isitt and James McCombs. The next general election was not too far away and McCombs had already committed himself to contest Christchurch East, and he thus declined. He also stated that he was too busy during the by-election campaign period, as he had committed himself to organise the Taylor memorial fund, for which he was secretary.

Isitt accepted the nomination. Also a prohibitionist and a close friend of Taylor's, Isitt was at his bedside when he died. Labour interests did not stand a candidate against Isitt out of respect for Taylor. The conservative candidate was Dryden Hall, the second son of a former premier, John Hall.

## Results

The following table gives the election results:

1911 Christchurch North by-election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent Liberal** | **Leonard Isitt** | **3,815** | **55.12** |  |
|  | Reform | Dryden Hall | 3,106 | 44.88 |  |
| Majority | | | 709 | 10.24 |  |
| Turnout | | | 6,921 |  |  |

Commentators attributed the win of successful candidate Leonard Isitt to floods of sympathy votes. Isitt held the Christchurch North electorate until he retired at the 1925 election. Hall contested the Christchurch North electorate in the 1911 general election a few months after the by-election, but was beaten by Isitt in the second ballot.

## InfoBox

1911 Christchurch North by-election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Turnout | 6,921 |
| Candidate Leonard Isitt Dryden Hall  Party Independent Liberal Reform  Popular vote **3,815** | |
| ---  **Member before election**
Tommy Taylor
Liberal–Labour **Elected Member**
Leonard Isitt
Independent Liberal | |