title: Arthrostylidium multispicatum

abstract: Arthrostylidium multispicatum, commonly known as woodland climbing bamboo, is a species of Arthrostylidium bamboo in the grass family.

text:
# Arthrostylidium multispicatum

***Arthrostylidium multispicatum***, commonly known as **woodland climbing bamboo**, is a species of *Arthrostylidium* bamboo in the grass family.

## Distribution

*Arthrostylidium multispicatum* is native to Puerto Rico and the Caribbean.

## InfoBox

| *Arthrostylidium multispicatum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Genus: | *Arthrostylidium* |
| Species: | ***A. multispicatum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Arthrostylidium multispicatum***<br>Pilg. | |
|


title: Arthrostylidium sarmentosum

abstract: Arthrostylidium sarmentosum is a species of Arthrostylidium bamboo in the grass family. The species is native to Central America, the West Indies, northern South America, and southern Mexico.

text:
# Arthrostylidium sarmentosum

***Arthrostylidium sarmentosum*** is a species of *Arthrostylidium* bamboo in the grass family. The species is native to Central America, the West Indies, northern South America, and southern Mexico.

## InfoBox

| *Arthrostylidium sarmentosum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Genus: | *Arthrostylidium* |
| Species: | ***A. sarmentosum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Arthrostylidium sarmentosum***<br>Pilg. | |
|


title: 1907 Brigg by-election

abstract: The 1907 Brigg by-election was held on 26 February 1907. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, Harold Reckitt. It was won by the Conservative candidate Berkeley Sheffield.

text:
# 1907 Brigg by-election

The **1907 Brigg by-election** was held on 26 February 1907. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, Harold Reckitt. It was won by the Conservative candidate Berkeley Sheffield.

## History

General election 1906: Brigg
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Harold Reckitt** | **5,753** | **58.8** | **+4.2** |
|  | Conservative | Geoffrey Henry Julian Skeffington Smyth | 4,027 | 41.2 | 4.2 |
| Majority | | | 1,726 | 17.6 | +8.4 |
| Turnout | | | 9,780 | 83.3 | 0.5 |
| Registered electors | | | 11,737 |  |  |
|  | Liberal **hold** | | Swing | +4.2 |  |

## Result

Brigg by-election, 1907
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Berkeley Sheffield** | **5,389** | **50.5** | **+9.3** |
|  | Liberal | Frederick Guest | 5,273 | 49.5 | 9.3 |
| Majority | | | 116 | 1.0 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 10,662 | 89.5 | +6.2 |
| Registered electors | | | 11,908 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **gain** from Liberal | | Swing | +9.3 |  |

## Aftermath

General election January 1910: Brigg
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Alfred Gelder** | **6,548** | **50.9** | **+1.4** |
|  | Conservative | Berkeley Sheffield | 6,311 | 49.1 | −1.4 |
| Majority | | | 237 | 1.8 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 12,859 | 91.5 | +2.0 |
| Registered electors | | | 14,048 |  |  |
|  | Liberal **gain** from Conservative | | Swing | +1.4 |  |

## InfoBox

1907 Brigg by-election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Candidate Sheffield Guest  Party Conservative Liberal  Popular vote **5,389** 5,273  Percentage **50.5%** 49.5% | |
| ---  **MP before election**
Harold Reckitt
Liberal **Subsequent MP**
Alfred Gelder
Liberal | |


title: 1907 Belfast North by-election

abstract: The 1907 Belfast North by-election was held on 17 April 1907. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Irish Unionist MP, Daniel Dixon. It was won by the Irish Unionist candidate George Clark. North Belfast had previously been a marginal seat with the Labour candidate, William Walker, coming within 500 votes of winning on the two previous occasions. In order to win over Protestant voters, Walker made clear that he was opposed to Home Rule

text:
# 1907 Belfast North by-election

The **1907 Belfast North by-election** was held on 17 April 1907. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Irish Unionist MP, Daniel Dixon. It was won by the Irish Unionist candidate George Clark. North Belfast had previously been a marginal seat with the Labour candidate, William Walker, coming within 500 votes of winning on the two previous occasions. In order to win over Protestant voters, Walker made clear that he was opposed to Home Rule

1907 Belfast North by-election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Irish Unionist** | **George Smith Clark** | **6,021** | **58.9** | **+7.4** |
|  | Labour | William Walker | 4,194 | 41.1 | −7.4 |
| Majority | | | 1,827 | 17.8 | +14.7 |
| Turnout | | | 10,215 | 84.7 | +1.1 |
| Registered electors | | | 12,065 |  |  |
|  | Irish Unionist **hold** | | Swing | +7.4 |  |

## InfoBox

1907 Belfast North by-election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Candidate Clark Walker  Party Irish Unionist Labour  Popular vote **6,021** 4,194  Percentage **58.9%** 41.1% | |
| ---  **MP before election**
Sir Daniel Dixon
Irish Unionist **Subsequent MP**
Robert Thompson
Irish Unionist | |


title: Ehsaan

abstract: Ehsaan is a 1967 Pakistani Urdu black & white film produced by Waheed Murad and directed by Pervaiz Malik. The film is a love story, starring Waheed Murad, Zeba, Nirala, Rozina, Azad and Ibrahim Nafees.

text:
# Ehsaan

***Ehsaan*** (Urdu: احسان) is a 1967 Pakistani Urdu black & white film produced by Waheed Murad and directed by Pervaiz Malik. The film is a love story, starring Waheed Murad, Zeba, Nirala, Rozina, Azad and Ibrahim Nafees.

## Cast

## Release

*Ehsaan* was released on 3 June 1967 by Film Arts in cinemas of Karachi and Lahore and proved to be one of the popular films of 1967. The film completed 12 weeks on main cinemas and 40 weeks in other cinemas of Karachi and became a 'Silver Jubilee film'. The film had completed 50 weeks and became a 'Golden Jubilee film' in Lahore.

## Plot

The story was written by Waheed Murad. It boasts a sensitive script as the psychiatrist Waheed falls in love with and woos young widow (and mother of a young daughter to boot) Zeba, a romance that was decidedly different for its time. Complications obviously arise but the movie remains surprisingly mature and for the most part doesn’t turn into a typical Lollywood melodrama.

## Filming

Ehsaan was filmed in Karachi. During the shootings of *Ehsaan*, Zeba got married with Mohammad Ali.

## Music

The music and the songs are not as good as in *Heera Aur Pathar (1964)*, *Armaan (1966)* and *Doraha (1967)*, but there are a couple of popular numbers such as *Eik naye more par...* and *Do akhian...*. The music is composed by Sohail Rana and the songs are written by Masroor Anwar.

### Songography

## InfoBox

| Ehsaan | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Pervaiz Malik |
| Written by | Waheed Murad |
| Produced by | Waheed Murad |
| Starring | Waheed Murad
Zeba
Nirala
Rozina
Azad
Ibrahim Nafees |
| Music by | Sohail Rana |
| Distributed by | Film Arts |
| Release date | * 3 June 1967 (1967-06-03) |
| Running time | 180 minutes |
| Country | Pakistan |
| Language | Urdu |


abstract: "(Turn Out the Light And) Love Me Tonight" is a song written by Bob McDill, and recorded by American country music artist Don Williams. It was released in August 1975 as the second single from the album You're My Best Friend. The song was Williams' ninth country hit and his third number one on the country chart. The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country chart.

text:
# (Turn Out the Light And) Love Me Tonight

"**(Turn Out the Light And) Love Me Tonight**" is a song written by Bob McDill, and recorded by American country music artist Don Williams. It was released in August 1975 as the second single from the album *You're My Best Friend*. The song was Williams' ninth country hit and his third number one on the country chart. The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of twelve weeks on the country chart.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1975) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Hot Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 1 |
| Canadian *RPM* Country Tracks | 5 |

## Cover versions

## InfoBox

| "(Turn Out the Light And) Love Me Tonight" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Don Williams | |
| from the album  *You're My Best Friend* | |
| B-side | "Reason to Be" |
| Released | August 1975 |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 2:22 |
| Label | ABC/Dot |
| Songwriter(s) | Bob McDill |
| Producer(s) | Don Williams |
| Don Williams singles chronology | |
| "You're My Best Friend"
(1975) "**(Turn Out the Light And) Love Me Tonight**"
(1975) "'Til the Rivers All Run Dry"
(1975) | |


title: 1903 Liverpool West Derby by-election

abstract: The 1903 Liverpool West Derby by-election was held on 20 January 1903 after the death of the incumbent Conservative MP Samuel Wasse Higginbottom. It was retained by the Conservative candidate Watson Rutherford.

text:
# 1903 Liverpool West Derby by-election

The **1903 Liverpool West Derby by-election** was held on 20 January 1903 after the death of the incumbent Conservative MP Samuel Wasse Higginbottom. It was retained by the Conservative candidate Watson Rutherford.

## Vacancy

The by-election in West Derby was caused by the death in December 1902 of Conservative MP, Samuel Wasse Higginbottom. He had won the seat unopposed in the previous election in 1900.

## Candidates

Several names were mentioned as possible candidates for the Conservative Party, among them the ship-owner Sir Alfred Lewis Jones, the former Lord Mayor of Liverpool Alderman Charles Petrie, and the incumbent Lord Mayor Watson Rutherford. Rutherford was a native of Liverpool, head of an important legal firm in the city, had been a member of the City Council since 1895, and Lord Mayor of Liverpool since November 1902. He was unanimously elected as the candidate by the local conservative council on 5 January, and accepted the nomination the following day, when he also resigned as Lord Mayor.

The Liberal Party approached several people as potential candidates, including Hon. Richard Frederick Molyneux who declined. It was also reported that Rev. Dr. Aked of the Pembroke Baptist Chapel, an outspoken opponent of the recently ended Second Boer War was approached as an independent liberal candidate. They eventually chose as candidate the president of their local West Derby Division, Richard Durning Holt, at a meeting on 8 January. He was a Liverpool shipowner and member of the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board.

The joint committee of the Labour Representative Committee and Liverpool Trades Council decided in a meeting on 11 January to not contest the election.

## Issues

In an election address the day after accepting the nomination, Holt mentioned the issues most important to him. He referred to the recently passed Education Act, and promised to "use his best effort to abolish all tests for teachers, and to secure complete and exclusive public control of all elementary schools to be henceforth entirely maintained at the public expense." He declared himself a staunch supporter of free trade, and wanted growth in national expenditure to be checked. On the question of Irish Home Rule, he wanted to ′give the people of Ireland the management of purely Irish affairs, subject to the absolute supremacy of the Imperial Parliament.′ He advocated temperance legislation, and as to trade unions, urged that the law should completely establish the right of all workers to combine for the purpose of collective bargaining as to conditions of pay and work.

Rutherford commented the following day, defending the government's spending by referring to military and naval expenditure arising from the recently ended Second Boer War. He gave strong support for the Education Act, and on the question of Irish Home Rule attacked the Liberal party position as promises they could not deliver. Listing social issues he found important, he wanted Parliament to discuss subjects like housing, disablement and old age pensions.

## Result

Rutherford held the seat for the conservative government, and was elected a Member of Parliament (MP).

Liverpool West Derby by-election, 1903
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **William Rutherford** | **5,455** | **62.7** | ***N/A*** |
|  | Liberal | Richard Durning Holt | 3,251 | 37.3 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 2,204 | 25.4 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 8,706 | 73.6 | *N/A* |
| Registered electors | | | 11,824 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | *N/A* |  |

## Aftermath

After he was elected to parliament on 20 January 1903, Rutherford was also re-elected as mayor of Liverpool on 4 February 1903 and served the remainder of the term until November 1903. He was the Member of Parliament for Liverpool West Derby from the 1903 until 1918, and for Liverpool Edge Hill from 1918 to 1923.

Holt again tried to take the seat in the 1906 election, but lost. He was subsequently elected at a by-election in 1907 as a Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) for Hexham, serving there until 1918.

## InfoBox

1903 Liverpool West Derby
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Candidate Rutherford Holt  Party Conservative Liberal  Popular vote **5,455** 3,251  Percentage **62.7%** 37.3% | |
| ---  **MP before election**
Samuel Higginbottom
Conservative **Subsequent MP**
Watson Rutherford
Conservative | |


title: Hüseyin Avni Lifij

abstract: Hüseyin Avni Lifij was a Turkish impressionist painter of Circassian origin. He is best known for landscapes with architectural features.

text:
# Hüseyin Avni Lifij

**Hüseyin Avni Lifij** (1886, Ladik \- 2 June 1927, Istanbul) was a Turkish impressionist painter of Circassian origin. He is best known for landscapes with architectural features.

## Biography

His family emigrated from Sochi to Ladik during the Great Circassian exile of 1864. He began his education in 1896, in Istanbul; showing special interest in the art and music classes. In 1898, he continued his studies at the "Numune-i Terakki Mektebi", a private school where he learned French. Three years later, he obtained a position in the Railways Department of the "Ottoman Ministry of Public Works". While there, he continued taking lessons to improve his French. He also audited classes at a medical school and a pharmacists' school to learn anatomy and chemistry.

In 1906, he met the French architect, Henri Prost, who liked his work and recommended that he show some of his paintings to Osman Hamdi Bey, who was impressed with Lifij's "Self-Portrait with Pipe" and, after seeing more of his work, placed him on a list of candidates for a state scholarship to study in Paris. In late 1908, he was selected and, a few months later, enrolled at the École des Beaux-Arts, where he studied with Fernand Cormon.

Upon returning home in 1912, he obtained a position teaching at Istanbul High School. In 1915, he began teaching French at the Kandilli Anatolian High School for Girls. The following year, he participated in the first "Galatasaray Exhibition", which would later become a major venue for new artists. In 1918, he presented 18 canvases at an exhibition in Vienna devoted to war paintings.

In 1922, he and his wife went to a teacher's conference in Bursa, where they met President Atatürk. They were invited to spend four months with the President in Ankara, where he produced several portraits, including one of Marshall Fevzi Çakmak, and began one of his best-known paintings, "Karagün" (Black Day). In 1924, he was appointed a Professor at the "Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi" (School of Fine Arts, now part of the Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University), a position he retained until his sudden death at the early age of forty-one, apparently from a heart attack.

## Further reading

* Veysel Uğurlu, *Hüseyin Avni Lifij*, (exhibition ctalog), Yapı Kredi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık, 1997
* Ahmet Kâmil Gören, *Avni Lifij* (Vol.7 of "Turkish Painters"), Yapı Kredi yayınları 2001, ISBN 975-363-849-3


title: 1871 Quebec general election

abstract: The 1871 Quebec general election was held in June and July 1871 to elect members of the Second Legislature for the Province of Quebec, Canada. The Quebec Conservative Party, led by Premier Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau, was re-elected, defeating the Quebec Liberal Party, led by Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière.

text:
# 1871 Quebec general election

The **1871 Quebec general election** was held in June and July 1871 to elect members of the Second Legislature for the Province of Quebec, Canada. The Quebec Conservative Party, led by Premier Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau, was re-elected, defeating the Quebec Liberal Party, led by Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière.

## Franchise and candidacy

### Right to vote

The right to vote in elections to the Legislative Assembly was not universal. Only male British subjects (by birth or naturalisation), aged 21 and older, were eligible to vote, and only if they met a property qualification. For residents of cities and towns, the qualification was being the owner, tenant or occupant of real property assessed at three hundred dollars, or at an assessed yearly value of thirty dollars. For residents of townships and parishes, the requirements were either an assessment of two hundred dollars, or an assessed yearly value of twenty dollars.

Women were expressly prohibited from voting, "for any Electoral Division whatever".

Judges and many municipal and provincial officials were also barred from voting, particularly officials with duties relating to public revenue. Election officials were also barred from voting.

### Qualification for the Legislative Assembly

Candidates for the Legislative Assembly had to meet a significant property qualification. A candidate had to own real property in the Province of Canada, worth at least £500 in British sterling, over and above any encumbrances on the property.

## Electoral map

The Legislative Assembly was composed of sixty-five single-member constituencies or "ridings". The 1871 election was conducted under the pre-Confederation electoral map of the former Province of Canada. That map had set the boundaries for the sixty-five constituencies of Canada East, which became Quebec. The *British North America Act, 1867* provided that the pre-Confederation electoral map would continue to be used for Quebec elections until altered by the Legislature of Quebec. The map of the sixty-five constituencies was also to be used in federal elections, until altered by Parliament.

## Conduct of the election

The 1867 election was conducted under the election laws of the Province of Canada, which had been continued until altered by the Legislature of Quebec. The electoral process of the Province of Canada in turn had been based on the traditional British electoral process, without a secret ballot. Instead, elections were public affairs, with each voter publicly stating the name of the candidate they voted for.

The election process began with writs of election issued by the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, one for each constituency (also called a "riding"). The writ was directed to the Returning Officer for each constituency and required the Returning Officer to hold a public nomination of candidates, and if necessary a poll, on days to be chosen by the Returning Officer.

On the nomination day, the Returning Officer held a public meeting "in the open air", at a central place in the constituency, and in a place where the public had access, such as in front of a town hall or church in the constituency. The Returning Officer addressed the assembled members of the public from a platform, called a "husting", and called for nominations. If only one person was nominated, the Returning Officer would close the nominations and declare that person elected. If more than one person was nominated, the Returning Officer would grant a poll, to be held at a future date, chosen by the Returning Officer.

On polling day, polls would be held across the constituency. The polls were in held in the open air, or in buildings close to the highways, with free access by the public. It was prohibited to hold a poll in a "tavern or place of public entertainment". The Returning Officer would appoint a Deputy Returning Officer for each polling place, normally the town clerk or other municipal official. Each Deputy Returning Officer would have a poll book. Qualified voters would appear before the Deputy Returning Officer and declare how they voted. The Deputy Returning Officer would record each voter's vote in the poll book. At the close of the polls, the Deputy Returning Officers would deliver the poll books to the Returning Officer. The Returning Officer would then total all of the polls in public, at the place where the nominations had occurred, declare which candidate was elected, and issue a proclamation declaring the election closed. The Returning Officer would then send a report of the election with the return of the writ to the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, within fifteen days after the closing of the election.

The elections for the sixty-five provincial constituencies were not all conducted on the same day. The writs of election for each constituency gave the Returning Officer the discretion to set the original nomination day, and the subsequent date for the polling, if more than one candidate were nominated. The 1867 election was spread across the months of August and September.

## Results

The election resulted in a Conservative victory. The Conservatives were maintained in office with a strong majority, although a somewhat reduced seat count. The Liberals improved their standings from twelve seats to nineteen.

Elections to the 2nd Legislative Assembly of Quebec (1871)
| Political party | | Party leader | MLAs | | | | Votes | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Candidates | | 1867 | 1871 | +/- | # | % | +/- |
|  | Conservative | Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau | 59 | 51 | 46 | 5 | 31,168 | 51.69% | 1.78 |
|  | Liberal | Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière | 37 | 12 | 19 | 7 | 23,760 | 39.41% | 3.96 |
|  | Independent |  | 2 | 1 |  | 1 | 823 | 1.36% | New |
|  | Independent-Conservative |  | 11 |  |  |  | 4,545 | 7.54% | 1.90 |
|  | Independent-Liberal |  |  |  |  |  | *Did not campaign* | | |
|  | Vacant |  |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | | |
| **Total** | | | **109** | **65** | **65** |  | **60,296** | **100.00%** |  |
| **Registered voters / turnout** | | | | | | | **172,369** | **34.98%** | 11.86 |

Seats and popular vote by party
| Party | | Seats | Votes | Change (pp) | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | 46 / 65 | 51.69% | -1.78 |  |  |
|  | Liberal | 19 / 65 | 39.41% | 3.96 |  | 3.96 |
|  | Other | 0 / 65 | 8.90% | -2.18 |  |  |

### Seats that changed hands

Elections to the 2nd Legislative Assembly of Quebec – seats won/lost by party, 1867–1871
| Party | | 1867 | Gain from (loss to) | | | | | | | | 1871 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Con | | | Lib | | Ind | | Vac | ||
|
|  | Conservative | 51 |  |  | 2 | (8) |  |  | 1 |  | 46 |
|
|  | Liberal | 12 | 8 | (2) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 19 |
|
|  | Independent | 1 |  |  |  | (1) |  |  |  |  |  |
|
|  | Vacant | 1 |  | (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| **Total** | | 65 | 8 | (3) | 2 | (9) | 1 |  | 1 |  | 65 |

There were 12 seats that changed allegiance in the election:

1. *British North America Act, 1867*, s. 84.
2. *An Act respecting Elections of Members of the Legislature*, Consolidated Statutes of Canada, 1859, c. 6, s. 4.
3. *An Act respecting Elections of Members of the Legislature*, s. 3.
4. *An Act respecting Elections of Members of the Legislature*, ss. 1, and 2.
5. *Act of Union 1840* (UK), c. 35, s. 27.
6. *An Act respecting Elections of Members of the Legislature*, s. 36.
7. *Constitution Act, 1867*, s. 80.
8. *Constitution Act, 1867*, s. 40.
9. *An Act respecting Elections of Members of the Legislature*, s. 31.
10. *An Act respecting Elections of Members of the Legislature*, s. 34.
11. *An Act respecting Elections of Members of the Legislature*, s. 38.
12. *An Act respecting Elections of Members of the Legislature*, ss. 51, 52.
13. *An Act respecting Elections of Members of the Legislature*, ss. 64, 65.
14. *An Act respecting Elections of Members of the Legislature*, s. 67.
15. Quebec National Assembly: Les élections générales.

## InfoBox

1871 Quebec general election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  65 seats in the 2nd Legislative Assembly of Quebec
33 seats needed for a majority | |
| First party Second party   Leader Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière  Party Conservative Liberal  Leader since 1867 1869  Leader's seat Quebec County Lotbinière  Last election 51 seats, 53.5% 12 seats, 35.4%  Seats won **46** 19  Seat change  5  7  Popular vote **31,168** 23,760  Percentage **51.7%** 39.4%  Swing 1.8% 4.0% | |
| ---  Map of the results by riding | |
| ---  **Premier before election**
Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau
Conservative Party of Quebec **Premier after election**
Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau
Conservative Party of Quebec | |


title: 1777 New York gubernatorial election

abstract: The 1777 New York gubernatorial election was held in June 1777 to elect the governor and the lieutenant governor.

text:
# 1777 New York gubernatorial election

The **1777 New York gubernatorial election** was held in June 1777 to elect the governor and the lieutenant governor.

## History

The election began on June 1, but due to the American Revolution it took some time to collect and count the votes, and the official result was announced on July 9. George Clinton accepted the office of Governor on July 11 and assumed its duties immediately, pending to take the oath as soon as he could safely leave his military command. He took the oath of office on July 30.

There were no parties yet, as the Democratic-Republican and Federalist Parties appeared only in 1792. Until then the candidacies were based on personal recognition. The concepts of "running mates" also did not apply in this election, with candidates running separately for Governor and Lieutenant Governor. The New York Committee of Safety endorsed Philip Schuyler for Governor and George Clinton for Lieutenant Governor.

## Candidates

Candidates for Governor included:

Candidates for Lieutenant Governor included:

## Result

George Clinton was elected both Governor and Lieutenant Governor. Clinton formally resigned the lieutenant governorship, leaving a vacancy. State Senator Pierre Van Cortlandt was elected *President pro tempore* of the State Senate, and acted as Lieutenant Governor until the end of the legislative year. Van Cortlandt was then elected in a special election and took office as Lieutenant Governor on June 30, 1778.

New York gubernatorial election, 1777
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Nonpartisan** | **George Clinton** | **1,828** | **48.44%** |
|  | Nonpartisan | Philip Schuyler | 1,199 | 31.77% |
|  | Nonpartisan | John Morin Scott | 368 | 9.75% |
|  | Nonpartisan | John Jay | 367 | 9.72% |
|  | Nonpartisan | Robert R. Livingston | 7 | 0.19% |
|  | Nonpartisan | Philip Livingston | 5 | 0.13% |
| Total votes | | | **3,774** | **100%** |

New York lieutenant gubernatorial election, 1777
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Nonpartisan** | **George Clinton** | **1,647** | **47.15%** |
|  | Nonpartisan | Pierre Van Cortlandt | 1,098 | 31.43% |
|  | Nonpartisan | Abraham Ten Broeck | 748 | 21.41% |
| Total votes | | | **3,493** | **100%** |

## InfoBox

1777 New York gubernatorial election
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Nominee **George Clinton** Philip Schuyler   Party Nonpartisan Nonpartisan  Popular vote **1,828** 1,199  Percentage **48.44%** 31.77%   ---  Nominee John Morin Scott John Jay   Party Nonpartisan Nonpartisan  Popular vote 368 367  Percentage 9.75% 9.72% | |
| ---  **Governor before election**
George Clinton
Nonpartisan **Elected Governor**
George Clinton
Nonpartisan | |


title: Alan W. Clarke

abstract: Alan W. Clarke is a lawyer best known for his work opposing the death penalty. He has pursued his position as a student, as a practicing lawyer, as a professor, and as a mentor to the movement. Clarke began his campaign as a graduate student, criticizing the death penalty in his doctoral work. He practiced criminal defense including capital cases. Since 2003 he has been at Utah Valley University, where he is a professor of Integrated Studies, and has been an active publisher. Most recently, his role has included review of current studies of the death penalty and been sponsor of annual death penalty symposia since 2005.

text:
# Alan W. Clarke

**Alan W. Clarke** (born August 19, 1949) is a lawyer best known for his work opposing the death penalty. He has pursued his position as a student, as a practicing lawyer, as a professor, and as a mentor to the movement.

Clarke began his campaign as a graduate student, criticizing the death penalty in his doctoral work. He practiced criminal defense including capital cases. Since 2003 he has been at Utah Valley University, where he is a professor of Integrated Studies, and has been an active publisher. Most recently, his role has included review of current studies of the death penalty and been sponsor of annual death penalty symposia since 2005.

## Education

Clarke did his undergraduate work at the College of William and Mary, where he also finished his Juris Doctor degree. His thesis at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario for the LL.M. 1994, is titled "Procedural Labyrinths and the Injustice of Death: A Critique of Death Penalty Habeas Corpus." A recent book (with Laurelyn Whitt, Fall 2007), "The Strange Fruit of American Justice: International and Domestic Resistance to the Death Penalty," argues that executions in the U.S. have far-reaching effects on relationships between the U.S. and other countries worldwide.

Clarke's trial experience has been in Indian law, capital murder, and habeas corpus (including death row representation). He has been an ACLU cooperating attorney, including voting rights litigation for the Virginia ACLU. He was chairman of the Midwestern Criminal Justice Association Death Penalty Panel. In 2008 he received an award from the NAACP for his voting-rights work in Lancaster County, Virginia.

Clarke helped organize the first successful fishermen's union south of Mason–Dixon line in 1988 - Reedville Fishermen's Association. He was counsel for "Fight For Justice," a group of dissident Anishinaabe at Keweenaw Bay Indian Community in a struggle to regain voting rights arbitrarily stripped by the Tribal Council. He assisted lawyers in Mexico in representation of a transportation workers union, SUTAUR, which was illegally declared bankrupt and its leaders and lawyers jailed after the union expressed its support for the EZLN uprising in Chiapas.

## Academic work

Since 2005, Clarke has organized international symposia on the death penalty, bringing together activists like Sister Helen Prejean, author of *Dead Man Walking*, with scholars like Robert Johnson, Professor of Justice, Law, and Society at American University, Michael Radelet, Professor of Sociology and Chair, Department of Sociology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Mark Warren, Director of Human Rights Research and Daniel Medwed, Professor of Law at the University of Utah.

Clarke is now often called on to review others' work on the death penalty.

## Selected publications

* Alan W. Clark, Virginia's Capital Murder Sentencing Proceeding: A Defense Perspective (1984)
* Alan W. Clarke, Rendition to Torture: A Critical Legal History, 62 RUTGERS LAW REVIEW 1 (2009).
* Alan W. Clarke, Terrorism, Extradition, and the Death Penalty (2003)
* Alan W. Clarke, Laurelyn Whitt, The Bitter Fruit of American Justice: International and Domestic Resistance to the Death Penalty, Northeastern (November 30, 2007).
* Alan W. Clarke, Eric Lambert, and Laurie Anne Whitt, Executing the Innocent: The Next Step in the Marshall Hypothesis, 26 NEW YORK UNIVERSITY REVIEW OF LAW & SOCIAL CHANGE 309 (2000–2001)
* Alan W. Clarke and Laurie Anne Whitt, University Senates and the Law: A Case Study 15 THOUGHT AND ACTION: THE NEA HIGHER EDUCATION JOURNAL, No. 2, 119 (Fall 1999).
* Alan W. Clarke, Procedural Labyrinths and the Injustice of Death: A Critique of Death Penalty Habeas Corpus, (Part Two), 30 UNIVERSITY OF RICHMOND LAW REVIEW 303 (1996).
* Alan W. Clarke, Procedural Labyrinths and the Injustice of Death: A Critique of Death Penalty Habeas Corpus, (Part One), 29 UNIVERSITY OF RICHMOND LAW REVIEW 1327 (1995).

## InfoBox

| Alan William Clarke | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nationality | Canadian resident |
| Known for | Opposition to the death penalty |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | College of William and Mary
Queen's University
Osgoode Hall Law School, York University (PhD) |
| Thesis | *Procedural Labyrinths and the Injustice of Death: A Critique of Death Penalty Habeas Corpus* (1994) |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Law |
| Sub-discipline | Civil rights |
| Institutions | Utah Valley University (since 2003)
Osgoode Hall Law School |
|  | |


abstract: I Never Promised You a Rose Garden is a 2004 play based on Joanne Greenberg's 1964 novel of the same name. The play was written by Colorado playwright Walter L. Newton with full cooperation of the book's author Joanne Greenberg. It was directed by Rick Bernstein, and premiered at Miners Alley Playhouse in Golden, Colorado to positive reviews in both Variety and The Denver Post. The play expanded on the original story by including new information about Dr. Frieda Fromm-Reichmann from Gail Hornstein's autobiography To Redeem One Person Is To Redeem The World. The play also restored the anti-Semitic and Jewish elements of the book that were removed from the film. Variety said "…the dramatic arc is a compelling mix of personal, familial and professional themes that represents the actual events in a way the 1977 film does not. Newton's coup de grace, a multilayered denouement in which the fortunes of Deborah and Dr. Fried reverse, is an especially imaginative piece of writing". In 2013, a brief series of benefit performances was held in Golden, Colorado for the playwright, who himself suffered from a debilitating mental illness from 2011 until his death in 2022.

text:
# I Never Promised You a Rose Garden (play)

***I Never Promised You a Rose Garden*** is a 2004 play based on Joanne Greenberg's 1964 novel of the same name.

The play was written by Colorado playwright Walter L. Newton with full cooperation of the book's author Joanne Greenberg. It was directed by Rick Bernstein, and premiered at Miners Alley Playhouse in Golden, Colorado to positive reviews in both *Variety* and *The Denver Post*. The play expanded on the original story by including new information about Dr. Frieda Fromm-Reichmann from Gail Hornstein's autobiography *To Redeem One Person Is To Redeem The World*. The play also restored the anti-Semitic and Jewish elements of the book that were removed from the film. *Variety* said "…the dramatic arc is a compelling mix of personal, familial and professional themes that represents the actual events in a way the 1977 film does not. Newton's coup de grace, a multilayered denouement in which the fortunes of Deborah and Dr. Fried reverse, is an especially imaginative piece of writing". In 2013, a brief series of benefit performances was held in Golden, Colorado for the playwright, who himself suffered from a debilitating mental illness from 2011 until his death in 2022.


title: 1902 Nebraska gubernatorial election

abstract: The 1902 Nebraska gubernatorial election was held on November 4, 1902. Republican nominee John H. Mickey defeated Democratic and Populist fusion nominee William Henry Thompson with 49.69% of the vote. Incumbent Republican Governor Ezra P. Savage did not stand for re-election. Savage originally intended to run for a second term as governor, but the criticism which was caused by his parole and pardon of former State Treasurer Bartley, who was serving a prison sentence for embezzlement, influenced his decision to step down from the race.

text:
# 1902 Nebraska gubernatorial election

The **1902 Nebraska gubernatorial election** was held on November 4, 1902. Republican nominee John H. Mickey defeated Democratic and Populist fusion nominee William Henry Thompson with 49.69% of the vote.

Incumbent Republican Governor Ezra P. Savage did not stand for re-election. Savage originally intended to run for a second term as governor, but the criticism which was caused by his parole and pardon of former State Treasurer Bartley, who was serving a prison sentence for embezzlement, influenced his decision to step down from the race.

## General election

### Candidates

**Major party candidates**

**Other candidates**

### Results

1902 Nebraska gubernatorial election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **John H. Mickey** | **96,471** | **49.69%** |
|  | Populist | William Henry Thompson | 91,116 | 46.93% |
|  | Prohibition | Samuel T. Davies | 3,397 | 1.75% |
|  | Socialist | George E. Bigelow | 3,157 | 1.63% |
|  | Scattering |  | 2 | 0.00% |
| Majority | | | 5,355 | 2.76% |
| Turnout | | | 194,143 |  |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

1. *Ezra P. Savage*. The Encyclopedia of Nebraska. January 1999. ISBN 9780403098347. Retrieved September 18, 2012.
2. "Choice of Nebraska Fusionists". *The Courier*. Lincoln, Neb. July 12, 1902. p. 1. Retrieved September 29, 2021.
3. Olson, James C.; Naugle, Ronald C. (1997). *History of Nebraska* (3rd ed.). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 269. ISBN 0-8032-3559-3.
4. "Gov. John Hopwood Mickey". *National Governors Association*. Retrieved September 29, 2021.
5. *Gubernatorial Elections, 1787-1997*. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc. 1998. p. 64. ISBN 1-56802-396-0.
6. Dubin, Michael J. (2010). *United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1861-1911*. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-7864-4722-0.
7. Glashan, Roy R. (1979). *American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978*. Westport, CT: Meckler Books. pp. 186–187. ISBN 0-930466-17-9.
8. Kallenbach, Joseph E.; Kallenbach, Jessamine S., eds. (1977). *American State Governors, 1776-1976*. Vol. I. Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications, Inc. p. 359. ISBN 0-379-00665-0.
9. Sheldon, Addison E., ed. (December 1918). *The Nebraska Blue Book and Historical Register 1918*. Lincoln, Nebraska: Nebraska Legislative Reference Bureau. pp. 471–472.
10. "Legislative Proceedings". *The Frontier*. O'Neill City, Neb. January 15, 1903. p. 6. Retrieved September 29, 2021.
11. "NE Governor, 1902". Our Campaigns. Retrieved September 29, 2021.

## InfoBox

1902 Nebraska gubernatorial election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **John H. Mickey** William Henry Thompson   Party Republican Populist  Alliance  Democratic  Popular vote **96,471** 91,116  Percentage **49.69%** 46.93% | |
| ---  County results
**Mickey:**      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%
**Thompson:**      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%
**Tie:**      40–50% | |
| ---  **Governor before election**
Ezra P. Savage
Republican **Elected Governor**
John H. Mickey
Republican | |


title: Doctor Fun

abstract: Doctor Fun is a single-panel, gag webcomic by David Farley. It began in September 1993, making it one of the earliest webcomics, and ran until June 2006. Doctor Fun was part of United Media's website from 1995, but had parted ways by 2003. The comic was one of the longest-running webcomics before it concluded, having run for nearly thirteen years with over 2,600 strips. The webcomic has been compared to The Far Side.

text:
# Doctor Fun

***Doctor Fun*** is a single-panel, gag webcomic by David Farley. It began in September 1993, making it one of the earliest webcomics, and ran until June 2006. *Doctor Fun* was part of United Media's website from 1995, but had parted ways by 2003. The comic was one of the longest-running webcomics before it concluded, having run for nearly thirteen years with over 2,600 strips. The webcomic has been compared to *The Far Side*.

## History

*Doctor Fun* began on September 24, 1993, and has been called "first comic published on the Web". It was not the first comic series published through the Internet – *Witches and Stitches* was distributed through CompuServe in 1985, and *Where the Buffalo Roam* was distributed though Usenet in 1991 – but it published through the World Wide Web, meaning it appeared on its own webpage rather than being sent out just by mailing lists or other earlier Internet technology. Its creator, Dave Farley, started uploading *Doctor Fun* while working as a computer technician for the library system at the University of Chicago.

In 1995, David Farley was signed by newspaper comic strip syndication service United Media; under the deal, *Doctor Fun* appeared on United Media's website. By 2003, Farley's contract with United Media had "fallen through." A book collection was published by Plan Nine Publishing in 2004.

In 2003, Farley said to The News & Observer that *Doctor Fun* was the longest-running webcomic. (This is no longer the case, with longer-running comics such as *Kevin and Kell* and *Sluggy Freelance*.) Farley said in 2005 that he hoped to keep doing *Doctor Fun* for at least ten years in total, or 520 weeks. On June 9, 2006, after posting the final page of his 520th week of strips, he announced that his series was concluded. According to a mirror archive, the comic ran every weekday with some weeks off through the years, for nearly thirteen years. Farley produced over 2,600 *Doctor Fun* strips during its run.

*Doctor Fun* was hosted on the digital library and archive project Ibiblio. The Ibiblio page is no longer live on the Internet, but archives exist.

## Content

Each *Doctor Fun* comic is a single-panel gag. Subjects include science, pop culture, and "outright weirdness". Farley said in 1994 that he drew the comics "in batches" and that it took about an evening to finish each color cartoon. He drew the comics on paper and scanned them.

## Reception

A writer for the National Center for Supercomputing Applications said in the comic's first month that the creation of the strip was "a major breakthrough for the Web".

A columnist for the *Houston Chronicle* discussed *Doctor Fun* in 1994 in an article on webcomics, or "net.toons" as they called them. The columnist called *Doctor Fun* "a Far Side clone", describing it as a "one-panel, full-color net.toon with a decidedly twisted outlook" and saying, "Farley's appeal is universal". A brief article in The Daily Telegraph in 2000 recommended *Doctor Fun.*

Farley said in 2003 that *Doctor Fun* received close to 50,000 hits per day.

## InfoBox

| Doctor Fun | |
| --- | --- |
| First logo | |
| Author(s) | David Farley |
| Website | ibiblio.org:80/Dave/drfun.html (archived) |
| Current status/schedule | Concluded |
| Launch date | September 24, 1993 |
| End date | June 9, 2006 |
| Syndicate(s) | United Media (1995–ca. 2003) |
| Genre(s) | Comedy |


abstract: The 1995 Conservative Party leadership election was initiated when the incumbent leader and prime minister, John Major, resigned as Conservative leader on 22 June 1995, in order to face a leadership challenge from his critics within the party. On 4 July 1995, he was re-elected, beating the only other candidate, the former Secretary of State for Wales, John Redwood. For some years the Conservative Party had been deeply divided on the issue of the European Union and there had been much speculation each year that Major would be challenged for the leadership during the annual re-election of the leader each November. Many both within and outside the party believed that the constant speculation was highly damaging and so Major took the dramatic step to force an early contest. He announced his decision in a speech in the garden of 10 Downing Street, challenging his party opponents to "put up or shut up". The Conservative government was also proving unpopular with the British public at the time, trailing the Labour Party in opinion polls and having suffered heavy losses in local elections for three successive years, as well as a poor performance in the previous year's European elections.

text:
# 1995 Conservative Party leadership election

The **1995 Conservative Party leadership election** was initiated when the incumbent leader and prime minister, John Major, resigned as Conservative leader on 22 June 1995, in order to face a leadership challenge from his critics within the party. On 4 July 1995, he was re-elected, beating the only other candidate, the former Secretary of State for Wales, John Redwood.

For some years the Conservative Party had been deeply divided on the issue of the European Union and there had been much speculation each year that Major would be challenged for the leadership during the annual re-election of the leader each November. Many both within and outside the party believed that the constant speculation was highly damaging and so Major took the dramatic step to force an early contest. He announced his decision in a speech in the garden of 10 Downing Street, challenging his party opponents to "put up or shut up".

The Conservative government was also proving unpopular with the British public at the time, trailing the Labour Party in opinion polls and having suffered heavy losses in local elections for three successive years, as well as a poor performance in the previous year's European elections.

## Rules

Under the rules at the time, (introduced in 1965 and modified in 1975), there would be a series of ballots, conducted by the 1922 Committee, with the committee's chairman, Sir Marcus Fox, serving as Returning Officer.

Since the leadership was vacant, a contest required the nomination of only two candidates. Under the rules in force, to win in the first round, a candidate not only needed to win the backing of an absolute majority of members of parliament, but also needed a majority over the runner-up of 15 per cent of the total electorate. If neither of these were achieved, then a second ballot would take place in the following week, nominations would be reopened, and at this stage an absolute majority only would be required to win. If there were no winner on the second ballot, then the top two candidates would go forward to a third round.

Because of this process, the first round was widely regarded as the expression of confidence (or otherwise) in Major. Many speculated that if he did not achieve outright victory then he would resign, enabling more prominent Conservatives, such as Michael Heseltine or Michael Portillo, to stand in the second round.

## Candidates and their platforms

John Major announced he would be a candidate for re-election from the outset, and stood pledging continuity in office and the continuation of a broad-based approach to government.

The only candidate to enter the race was John Redwood, who resigned from the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Wales. Redwood ran on a staunchly Eurosceptic, Thatcherite manifesto.

### Declined

There were several Conservatives who did not stand in the first round but were either widely expected to stand in the event of a second round or did not stand for another reason. They included:

Interest was generated when it was reported that both Heseltine and Portillo had had a large number of telephone lines installed at offices, widely presumed (and, in Portillo's case, correctly) to be a preparation for a second round bid. When this was raised during Prime Minister's Questions, Major laughingly attributed this to the effect of telephone privatisation. During the voting, Heseltine felt the need to publicly display his ballot paper to show that he had voted for Major.

## Campaign

The period between the launch of the election and polling was short. The main interest occurred when Michael Heseltine publicly and strongly endorsed Major, which many commentators felt reinforced his position. Redwood's leadership bid came under much fire. His campaign slogan was "No change, no chance". A poster was issued on his behalf, written by Redwood's campaign manager David Evans, which urged Conservatives to vote Redwood to *"Save Your Seat, Save Your Party, and Save Your Country"*.

At a personal level his nickname of "the Vulcan" reached prominence and much lampooning in the media, whilst his formal launch of his campaign was dismissed as a collection of all the mavericks on the right of the party, widely undermining his bid's credibility.

## Ballot

The ballot was as follows:

| Only ballot: 4 July 1995 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Candidate | | Votes | % |
|  | **John Major** | **218** | **66.3** |
|  | John Redwood | 89 | 27.1 |
|  | Abstentions | 10 | 3.0 |
|  | Spoilt | 12 | 3.6 |
| Majority | | 129 | 39.2 |
| Turnout | | 329 | *N/A* |
| John Major re-elected | | | |
|

Major easily won both an outright majority and the necessary 15% margin. After leaving office, he revealed that he had set a private minimum target of 215 votes, which he had exceeded by only three, and stated that he had made up his mind to resign outright if he had failed to meet this threshold.

## Consequences

No further leadership elections took place until after the Conservatives lost the 1997 general election in the face of a Labour landslide under Tony Blair. The party temporarily reunited. Michael Heseltine had given Major staunch support in the contest, and as a result was promoted to the position of deputy prime minister. However, many believed that Heseltine had missed his last chance to become prime minister.

Portillo's failure to stand in 1995 was widely felt to have cost him dearly. Redwood emerged as a clear alternative leader of the right of the party whilst many argued Portillo had lacked the nerve to make a first round challenge and potentially allowed Major to survive. Portillo famously went on to lose his seat at the 1997 election, thus preventing him from standing for the leadership after Major resigned.

William Hague, aged only 34 at the time, was promoted to the Cabinet to Redwood's position as Welsh Secretary. When Major resigned as leader after losing the 1997 general election, Hague was thus in a position to stand for, and win, the leadership. Although Portillo quickly returned to frontline politics after winning the 1999 Kensington and Chelsea by-election (serving as Shadow Chancellor under Hague), the Conservatives suffered another landslide defeat to Labour in the 2001 United Kingdom general election, triggering Hague's resignation. Portillo stood on the subsequent leadership election, but ultimately lost to Iain Duncan Smith coming third. He ultimately quit politics completely at the 2005 United Kingdom general election, to pursue a new career as a broadcaster and TV presenter.

## InfoBox

1995 Conservative Party leadership election
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Candidate **John Major** John Redwood  MPs' ballot **218
(66.3%)** 89
(27.1%) | |
| ---  **Leader before election**
John Major
 **Elected Leader**
John Major
 | |


title: Andrew L. Kreutzer

abstract: Andrew Lawrence Kreutzer was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate.

text:
# Andrew L. Kreutzer

**Andrew Lawrence Kreutzer** (August 30, 1862 – March 27, 1944) was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate.

## Biography

Kreutzer was born in Germantown, Wisconsin in 1862. He graduated from the University of Wisconsin Law School and began practicing law. In 1895, he was appointed by Governor William H. Upham to attend the Atlanta Exposition Speech. From 1897 to 1898, he was Judge Advocate General of the Wisconsin Army National Guard, achieving the rank of colonel. He died in 1944.

## Political career

Kreutzer was a member of the Senate from 1899 to 1905. Previously, he served two terms as District Attorney of Marathon County, Wisconsin. He was a Republican. Kreutzer declared his candidacy as Republican nominee for governor of Wisconsin in 1924, but was forced by illness to withdraw from the race.


title: (Un)arranged Marriage

abstract: The young-adult novel (Un)arranged Marriage is the first novel by English author Bali Rai, published in 2001.

text:
# (Un)arranged Marriage

The young-adult novel ***(Un)arranged Marriage*** is the first novel by English author Bali Rai, published in 2001.

## Plot summary

*(Un)arranged Marriage* is the story of Manjit (nicknamed Manny), a teenage boy living in Leicester, England. His strict Punjabi parents are disappointed in Manny's poor behaviour and grades at school, so they decide to arrange a marriage between Manny and a girl from India, whom he does not know.

Manny's parents take him to India under the pretext of visiting family, but he later finds that they have returned to England without him. His Uncle Jag, who disagrees with arranged marriage, agrees to help him leave the country. When he gets back to England, his father beats him, telling him that he still expects him to go ahead with the marriage. Manny starts working in a local supermarket in order to save money towards his escape.

Manny and his friend, Adrian, devise a plan to trick his parents into thinking that he has changed his mind about the arranged marriage. They break up the wedding party in order to allow Manny to escape the marriage and be free from his parents, but he loses his family in the process.

## Autobiographical elements

There are several parallels between the author, Bali Rai, and the protagonist of *(Un)arranged Marriage*, Manny. Both are British-Punjabi Sikhs and grew up in the multicultural city of Leicester. Like Manny, Rai also worked in a supermarket.

## Reception

The novel received generally positive reviews, with The Guardian's Kit Spring calling it an "absorbing and engaging first novel" and "highly readable". Books for Keeps magazine praised Rai for his "vitality and freshness", as well as his "ear for dialogue", but criticized his "lack of characterisation and convincing plotting".

## InfoBox

(Un)arranged Marriage
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Bali Rai |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Young adult fiction |
| Publication date | 3 May 2001 |


abstract: The 1903 Latrobe Athletic Association season was their eighth season in existence. It was a low profile season for Latrobe. The team finished 9–0. Latrobe laid claim to the western Pennsylvania championship after the undefeated season. However, the Franklin Athletic Club was generally considered the 1903 U.S. Pro Football Champions, even though they had refused to play Latrobe.

text:
# 1903 Latrobe Athletic Association season

The **1903 Latrobe Athletic Association season** was their eighth season in existence. It was a low profile season for Latrobe. The team finished 9–0. Latrobe laid claim to the western Pennsylvania championship after the undefeated season. However, the Franklin Athletic Club was generally considered the 1903 U.S. Pro Football Champions, even though they had refused to play Latrobe.

## Schedule

| Game | Date | Opponent | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | September 26 | Jeannette Hose Co. 4 | W 28–0 |
| 2 | October 3 | Johnstown Capital Club | W 46–0 |
| 3 | October 10 | East End Athletic Club | W 6–5 |
| 4 | October 24 | Irwin, Pennsylvania | W 39–0 |
| 5 | October 28 | Indiana Normal School | W 54–0 |
| 6 | November 7 | Pittsburgh Lyceum | W 34–0 |
| 7 | November 14 | Bradenton St. Clair Athletic Club | W 36–0 |
| 8 | November 21 | Ellwood City, Pennsylvania | W 35–0 |
| 9 | November 26 | Pennsylvania Railroad YMCA of Philadelphia | W 6–0 |

## Game notes

## InfoBox

| 1903 Latrobe Athletic Association football | |
| --- | --- |
| League | Independent |
| Record | 9–0 |
| Manager |  |
| Head coach | * John Brallier |
| Captain |  |
| Home field | Latrobe Steel Athletic Grounds |
| Seasons | |


title: Hội Phục Việt

abstract: During the 1920s openly democratic patriotic movement in the French Indochina, on July 14, 1925, a number of students from Indochina Pedagogical College and a number of former political prisoners in Annam established Hội Phục Việt. After being exposed after spreading leaflets asking the French authorities to release patriot Phan Bội Châu. Hội Phục Việt changed its name several times and eventually changed to Tân Việt Revolutionary Party. Tân Việt Revolutionary Party gathered young intellectuals and patriotic petty bourgeois youth, operating mainly in Annam. Born and operating while the Vietnamese Revolutionary Youth League was thriving, the theories of Marxism–Leninism had a great influence, Tân Việt Revolutionary Party attracted a lot of patriotic young people to participate. During its operation, the party split into two left-wing and right-wing tendencies. In the end, the leftist tendency to embrace communism prevailed. Some members were transferred to study at the Revolutionary Youth League, actively preparing for the establishment of a new party following the path of the Communist Party of Vietnam.

text:
# Hội Phục Việt

During the 1920s openly democratic patriotic movement in the French Indochina, on July 14, 1925, a number of students from Indochina Pedagogical College and a number of former political prisoners in Annam established **Hội Phục Việt** (*Vietnamese Restoration Association*). After being exposed after spreading leaflets asking the French authorities to release patriot Phan Bội Châu (November 1925). Hội Phục Việt changed its name several times and eventually changed to Tân Việt Revolutionary Party (July 1928).

**Tân Việt Revolutionary Party** gathered young intellectuals and patriotic petty bourgeois youth, operating mainly in Annam. Born and operating while the Vietnamese Revolutionary Youth League was thriving, the theories of Marxism–Leninism had a great influence, Tân Việt Revolutionary Party attracted a lot of patriotic young people to participate. During its operation, the party split into two left-wing and right-wing tendencies. In the end, the leftist tendency to embrace communism prevailed. Some members were transferred to study at the Revolutionary Youth League (founded in November 1925, led by Hồ Chí Minh), actively preparing for the establishment of a new party following the path of the Communist Party of Vietnam.


abstract: The 1871 Rhode Island gubernatorial election took place on April 7, 1871, in order to elect the governor of Rhode Island. Republican candidate and incumbent governor Seth Padelford won his third one-year term as governor against Democratic candidate Thomas Steere.

text:
# 1871 Rhode Island gubernatorial election

The **1871 Rhode Island gubernatorial election** took place on April 7, 1871, in order to elect the governor of Rhode Island. Republican candidate and incumbent governor Seth Padelford won his third one-year term as governor against Democratic candidate Thomas Steere.

## Candidates

### Republican Party

### Democratic Party

* Thomas Steere was the Democratic nominee.

## Election

### Statewide

1871 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | Seth Padelford | 8,721 | 61.99 |
|  | Democratic | Thomas Steere | 5,347 | 38.01 |
| Total votes | | | **14,068** | **100.00** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

## InfoBox

1871 Rhode Island gubernatorial election
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Nominee **Seth Padelford** Thomas Steere   Party Republican Democratic  Popular vote **8,721** 5,347  Percentage **61.99%** 38.01% | |
| ---  County results
**Padelford**:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% | |
| ---  **Governor before election**
Seth Padelford
Republican **Elected Governor**
Seth Padelford
Republican | |


title: Easby Hall, Richmond

abstract: Easby Hall near Richmond in North Yorkshire, England is a building of historical significance and is listed on the English Heritage Register. Built in 1729 by the Reverend William Smith, Easby Hall became the home of many notable people for the next two and a half centuries. It now provides bed and breakfast accommodation and is a venue for special events.

text:
# Easby Hall, Richmond

**Easby Hall** near Richmond in North Yorkshire, England is a building of historical significance and is listed on the English Heritage Register. Built in 1729 by the Reverend William Smith, Easby Hall became the home of many notable people for the next two and a half centuries. It now provides bed and breakfast accommodation and is a venue for special events.

## Early history

Reverend William Smith (c.1653–1735) built the Hall in 1729 shortly after he bought the Easby Estate. He was the son of Dr William Smith who lived in the village of Easby. His mother was Anne Layton and his uncle was Henry Layton a philosopher and theological writer.

William was educated at the local grammar school in Richmond and then went to the University of Oxford to obtain his degree. He was an antiquarian and obtained a Fellowship at Oxford where he remained for the next twelve years. In 1704 he became the Rector of Melsonby and retained this job until his death in 1735. He continued his writing while he was at Melsonby and in 1727 at the age of 77 he wrote an 8 volume publication entitled *The Annals of University College*.

In 1705 he married Mary who was the widow of Gerard Langbaine, a famous biographer. The couple had no children so when he died in 1735 he left Easby Hall to his nephew who was also called William Smith. However because of financial difficulties William sold the estate to his brother Thomas Smith who was an attorney. When he died in 1775 he left the property to his natural son who sold it in 1786 to Robert Knowsley of Wighill Park. Two years later in 1788 Robert sold the estate to Cuthbert Johnson of London. When he died in 1790 he passed it to his second son also called Cuthbert Johnson. He rented the house to wealthy tenants for many years and then in 1815 he advertised the whole estate for sale. The advertisement is shown. The house was described in the following terms.

*"The mansion is suited to the accommodation of a family of distinction. Stone built and brick fronted with an entire substantial leaded roof. It consists of an entrance hall, dining and drawing rooms, library and breakfast parlour, four best bed rooms with dressing closets and sleeping rooms and servant’s apartments. The domestic offices are housekeepers room, storeroom, butlers panty, plate closet, kitchen, larder, brew house, laundry and servants hall."*

In about 1800 George Cuitt (1743–1818), a notable artist, painted Easby Abbey showing Easby Hall on the right. The picture above is an extract from this painting.

The house was bought in 1816 by Robert Jaques and was owned by this family until 1955.

## The Jaques family

Robert Jaques (1769–1842) was a gentleman and a breeder of race horses. After he bought the Easby Estate in 1816 he turned the property into a breeding stud. His son wrote a book on the history of the stud in 1860 and outlines the many famous racing horses that his father owned. Robert was born in 1769 in Bedale, Yorkshire. He and his brother became merchants in London and both acquired considerable fortunes. In 1808 he married Sarah Whittaker and the couple had two sons and one daughter. Unfortunately she died in 1814. Shortly after he married Mary Lunn and the couple had a daughter Sarah who was born in 1816 in Easby Hall. When he died in 1842 his eldest son Richard Machel Jaques inherited the property.

Richard Machel Jaques (1809–1889) was born in 1809. He was educated at the University of Cambridge. In 1836 he married Frances Hickes who was the daughter and heiress of Fowler Hickes of Silton Hall. For several years before he inherited Easby Hall he lived at St. Trinians Hall which is nearby. The couple had seven children – four sons and three daughters. He continued running the Easby Estate as a race horse stud for some time and then later became prominent as a breeder of shorthorn cattle and Berkshire pigs. For while he undertook some mining ventures but this was not a success. Richard died in 1889 and in his obituary he was described as "*a country gentleman of the old school, and a fine specimen of the Yorkshire squire. He was universally popular in the North-Riding, being a true sportsman, a considerate landlord, a kind neighbour, an excellent judge of livestock, and a first-rate farmer"*. He was succeeded by his eldest son Leonard Jaques.

Leonard Jaques (1839–1916) was born in 1839 in Easby. In 1864 he married Agatha Eliza Boddam, daughter of Colonel Alexander Boddam-Whetham of Kirklington Hall. The couple bought Wentbridge House near Pontefract and had two sons there. Unfortunately Agatha died in 1882. In 1885 Leonard married Mary Clara Partridge (1848–1932) who was the daughter and sole heiress of Rev. William Edwards Partridge owner of Horsenden House. When her father died in 1886 Mary inherited the Horsenden Estate and this property then came into the Jaques family. Leonard inherited Easby Hall when his father died in 1889 and in 1900 added the south wing which still bears his initials.

Leonard died in 1916 and his son Robert Harold Whetham Jaques (1875–1953) inherited the Hall. In 1918 he married Bertha Hibbert (1891–1923) however she died in 1923 in Monte Carlo when they were on a touring holiday. He died in 1953 and the estate was sold in 1955.

54°23′54″N 1°42′48″W / 54.3983°N 1.7133°W / 54.3983; -1.7133


title: Eburia crinitus

abstract: Eburia crinitus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.

text:
# Eburia crinitus

***Eburia crinitus*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.

## InfoBox

| *Eburia crinitus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Eburia* |
| Species: | ***E. crinitus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eburia crinitus***<br>Noguera, 2002 | |
|


title: I Wasn't Born Yesterday

abstract: I Wasn't Born Yesterday is the second album by singer Sa-Fire, released in 1991. The album's penultimate track, "I Never Heard," was written by Michael Jackson and Paul Anka. Jackson's original recording was later released on October 12, 2009 as the single "This Is It."

text:
# I Wasn't Born Yesterday

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***I Wasn't Born Yesterday*** is the second album by singer Sa-Fire, released in 1991. The album's penultimate track, "I Never Heard," was written by Michael Jackson and Paul Anka. Jackson's original recording was later released on October 12, 2009 as the single "This Is It."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Made up My Mind" | Ernie Gold | 4:47 |
| 2. | "Love's Gotta Be There" | Eric Nelson Pressly, Tommy Keane | 3:52 |
| 3. | "Whatever Happens" | Paul Gordon, Keane, Elisa Fiorillo | 4:45 |
| 4. | "Taste the Bass" | Eric Beall, Stephen Broughton | 4:15 |
| 5. | "I Wasn't Born Yesterday" | Richard Bell, Lenny Macaluso | 4:16 |
| 6. | "Some Things Never Change" | Tony Moran, Alexandra Forbes, Andy Marvel, | 5:08 |
| 7. | "I Can't Cry" | Shelly Peiken | 5:16 |
| 8. | "Shame" | Mac Quayle, Moran | 4:57 |
| 9. | "I Never Heard" | Paul Anka, Michael Jackson | 4:46 |
| 10. | "I'm a Victim" | Kay Julia Diaz, Wilma Cosme | 5:16 |

## Personnel

* Sa-Fire - vocals
* Cynthia Todino, George Lamond, Dorian Holly, Christi Black, Julie Delgado, David Morales, Nadirah Ali, Tony Moran, Lilias White, Jackie Sirnley, Alex Brown, Marlene Jeter, Martinette Jenkins, Melanie Andrews, Margaret Furtado, Phaedra Butler, Rise Engelmann, Brian McKnight, Kipper Jones, Kenny Diaz, Connie Harvey, Janet Wright
* The Natural "E" - rapping and backing vocals
* John "Jubu" Smith, Frank Portalatin, Ted Karas, Michael Landau - guitars
* C.P. Roth, Peter "Ski" Schwartz, Satoshi Tomile, Eric Kupper, Andy Marvel, Aaron Zigman, David Irwin, David Franks, "Yrreg Nworb" (the name of the song's producer, Gerry Brown, reversed), Mac Quayle, Carl Wheeler, Ian Prince - keyboards
* Tom Keane - keyboard and synth programming

## Charts

**Singles** \- Billboard (North America)

| Year | Single | Chart | Position |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1991 | "Made up My Mind" | Hot Dance Music/Club Play | 36 |
| | | Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales | 7 |
| | | The Billboard Hot 100 | 82 |
| | | The Billboard Hot 100 Airplay | 60 |
| | "Taste the Bass" | Hot Dance Music/Club Play | 6 |
| | Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales | 4 |
|

## InfoBox

| I Wasn't Born Yesterday | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Sa-Fire | |
| Released | March 5, 1991 |
| Studio | Various Studios |
| Genre | Pop, dance, Latin freestyle |
| Length | 47:18 |
| Label | (846 651) |
| Producer | * Chris Barbosa (track 1) * Tom Keane (tracks 2 and 3) * Michael Hutchinson (additional production on track 2) * Carmen Rizzo (co-producer of track 2) * David Morales (tracks 4 and 10) * Ian Prince (track 5) * Tony Moran (tracks 6 and 8) * Gerry Brown (tracks 7 and 9) |
| Sa-Fire chronology | |
| *Sa-Fire*
(1988) ***I Wasn't Born Yesterday***
(1991) *Atrevida*
(1996) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *I Wasn't Born Yesterday* | |
| 1. "Made up My Mind"
Released: 1991 2. "Taste the Bass"
Released: 1991 | |
|  | |


title: Andrew L. Osborn

abstract: Andrew Lawrence Osborn was a justice of the Indiana Supreme Court from December 16, 1872 to January 4, 1875. Born in New Haven County, Connecticut, Osborn received his early education in that state. At the age of twenty he moved to Chicago, where he worked as a printer while reading law. In 1826, he moved to Michigan City, Indiana, where he finished his studies. In 1838 he formed a partnership in the practice of law with a Judge Evarts, which continued until 1843. In May, 1844, he removed to La Porte, Indiana, and entered into a law partnership with Judge John B. Niles. In August 1844, Osborn was elected to the Indiana House of Representatives serving in 1844 and 1845. He then served the Indiana Senate, serving from 1847 to 1849. In 1857 he was elected judge of the Circuit Court for the Ninth judicial district of Indiana, where he remained for thirteen years. In 1872 he was appointed by Governor Conrad Baker to a seat on the Supreme Court of Indiana, to a term expiring in January, 1875. His opinions written while in that position were well-regarded. After retiring from the bench he returned to the practice of law. He represented the Michigan Central Railroad Company from its organization until his death, a period of forty-one years.

text:
# Andrew L. Osborn

**Andrew Lawrence Osborn** (May 27, 1815 – April 13, 1891) was a justice of the Indiana Supreme Court from December 16, 1872 to January 4, 1875.

Born in New Haven County, Connecticut, Osborn received his early education in that state. At the age of twenty he moved to Chicago, where he worked as a printer while reading law. In 1826, he moved to Michigan City, Indiana, where he finished his studies. In 1838 he formed a partnership in the practice of law with a Judge Evarts, which continued until 1843. In May, 1844, he removed to La Porte, Indiana, and entered into a law partnership with Judge John B. Niles.

In August 1844, Osborn was elected to the Indiana House of Representatives serving in 1844 and 1845. He then served the Indiana Senate, serving from 1847 to 1849. In 1857 he was elected judge of the Circuit Court for the Ninth judicial district of Indiana, where he remained for thirteen years. In 1872 he was appointed by Governor Conrad Baker to a seat on the Supreme Court of Indiana, to a term expiring in January, 1875. His opinions written while in that position were well-regarded. After retiring from the bench he returned to the practice of law. He represented the Michigan Central Railroad Company from its organization until his death, a period of forty-one years.

## InfoBox

| Andrew L. Osborn | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1815-05-27)May 27, 1815<br>New Haven County, Connecticut |
| Died | April 13, 1891(1891-04-13) (aged 75) |
| Known for | justice of the Indiana Supreme Court |


title: Alaska Governor's Mansion

abstract: The Alaska Governor's Mansion, located at 716 Calhoun Avenue in Juneau, Alaska, United States, is the official residence of the governor of Alaska, the first spouse of Alaska, and their families. It was designed by James Knox Taylor. The Governor's Mansion was first occupied in 1912 by Territorial Governor Walter Eli Clark.

text:
# Alaska Governor's Mansion

The **Alaska Governor's Mansion**, located at 716 Calhoun Avenue in Juneau, Alaska, United States, is the official residence of the governor of Alaska, the first spouse of Alaska, and their families. It was designed by James Knox Taylor. The Governor's Mansion was first occupied in 1912 by Territorial Governor Walter Eli Clark.

## History

The original budget for the 2½-story 12,900-square-foot (1,200 m2) frame structure and furnishing was $40,000 and included planned servants quarters and a territorial museum on the third floor which were never built.

The first floor includes a reception hall, drawing room, library, dining room, office, kitchen, two pantries, and a conservatory. The second floor contains four large bedrooms, a sewing room and three bathrooms.

In 1936 the wood finish of the exterior was plastered over and painted white.

Between 1939 and 1940, Tlingit carvers Charlie Tagook and William N. Brown crafted a totem pole that sits outside the mansion on commission from the Civilian Conservation Corps.

In 1967-68 two guest suites and one large bedroom were added to the third floor.

In 1983 a $2.5 million renovation that restored the interior decor to its original 1912 design also included new heating, electrical, plumbing and security systems.

In its current configuration the number of rooms in the mansion, excluding great halls, garages, closets, and bathrooms, is twenty-six. There are ten bathrooms, six bedrooms, and eight fireplaces, amounting to a total area of 14,400 square feet (1,340 m2).

## Notable visitors

Media related to Alaska Governor's Mansion at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Alaska Governor's Mansion | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| Alaska Heritage Resources Survey | |
|  | |
| The Alaska Governor's Mansion, 1991 | |
|  | |
| Location | 716 Calhoun Avenue, Juneau, Alaska |
| Coordinates | 58°18′10″N 134°24′54″W / 58.30272°N 134.4149°W / 58.30272; -134.4149 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1912 (1912) |
| Built by | William N. Collier |
| Architect | James Knox Taylor |
| NRHP reference No. | 76000359 |
| AHRS No. | JUN-019 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | November 7, 1976 |
| Designated AHRS | July 9, 1973 |


title: 1899 Metropolitan Rugby Union season

abstract: The 1899 Metropolitan Rugby Union season was the 26th season of the Sydney Rugby Premiership. It was the last season run for independent clubs who took their players from across the city. Eight clubs competed from May till September 1899. The season culminated in the premiership, which was won by Wallaroo. Wallaroo were crowned premiers by virtue of finishing the season on top of the table.

text:
# 1899 Metropolitan Rugby Union season

The **1899 Metropolitan Rugby Union season** was the 26th season of the Sydney Rugby Premiership. It was the last season run for independent clubs who took their players from across the city. Eight clubs competed from May till September 1899. The season culminated in the premiership, which was won by Wallaroo. Wallaroo were crowned premiers by virtue of finishing the season on top of the table.

## Teams

Seven clubs contested the season. Paddington and Burwood were missing from the Senior grade having been disbanded during the previous season. Parramatta returned to the Premiership for the first time since 1894. Marrickville and Buccaneer both stepped up from the First Junior to the Senior grade. Marrickville were the current First Junior Premiers.

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Buccaneer**
Formed c.1898**
** Captain: Unknown | **Marrickville**
Formed c.1891**
** Captain: Unknown | **Parramatta**
Formed c.1879**
** Captain: Unknown |
| **Pirates**
Formed c.1889**
** Captain: James Carson | **Randwick**
Formed c.1882**
** Ground: Randwick Reserve**
** Captain: James McMahon | **Sydney**
Formed c.1898**
** Captain: William Hardcastle |
| **Sydney University**
Formed on 19 August 1865**
** Ground: University Oval**
** Captain: Harry Wood | **Wallaroo**
Formed c.1870**
** Captain: Paddy Lane |

## Season summary

The 1899 Sydney Rugby Premiership saw the Wallaroo Football Club win the premiership by four points. The season finished much later than usual due to representative games and poor weather. As a result, the final round of the regular season was canceled in order to play out the finals for the two trophies. This did not effect the results of the premiership as Wallaroo were already too far ahead to be beaten and the finals were not included in the premiership.

According to the club captain, Paddy Lane, Wallaroo fielded their best all-round team. Much of the scoring came from the back row with Alfonso Spragg, Charlie White, Iggy O'Donnell, John Futter and Frank Row scoring 32 of the teams tries. The team experienced good fortune to not have any major injuries during the season despite many of the team playing representatives games in addition to club games. Wallaroo won two out of the three awards for the season, with the team winning the Premiership and the Sydney Cricket Ground Trophy. They surprisingly lost the Agricultural Society Trophy final, only their second loss of the season.

Randwick began the season with an impressive record. They were unbeaten until the eleventh round. This included inflicting the only loss for Wallaroo during the regular season, beating them by one point. The result was reversed when Wallaroo ended Randwick's unbeaten run, winning 11 points to nil. From there, Randwick won only one game in their last four, including fielding only 13 players in the Sydney Cricket Ground semi-final.

As in previous seasons, the Pirates Football Club came along with great dash and strength towards the end of the season. During the regular season games, the team had only won five games. This resulted in them not making the semi-finals for the Sydney Cricket Ground Trophy. However, they made their presence felt during the Agricultural Society Trophy games, winning all of the matches to the final and winning the final brilliantly. This was the third year in a row that the team had won the Agricultural Society Trophy.

## Ladder

|  | Team | Pld | W | D | L | B | PF | PA | PD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Wallaroo | 13 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 189 | 57 | 132 | 24 |
| 2 | Randwick | 13 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 115 | 56 | 59 | 20 |
| 3 | Sydney | 13 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 140 | 81 | 59 | 18 |
| 4 | Marrickville | 13 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 128 | 79 | 49 | 16 |
| 5 | Pirates | 13 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 82 | 55 | 27 | 13 |
| 6 | Buccaneer | 13 | 3 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 87 | 162 | -75 | 7 |
| 7 | Sydney University | 13 | 3 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 113 | 157 | -44 | 6 |
| 8 | Parramatta | 13 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 42 | 249 | -207 | 0 |

### Ladder progression

* Numbers highlighted in blue indicates the team finished first on the ladder in that round.
* Numbers highlighted in red indicates the team finished in last place on the ladder in that round

|  | Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Wallaroo | 2 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 22 | 24 |
| 2 | Randwick | 2 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 20 |
| 3 | Sydney | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 |
| 4 | Marrickville | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 16 |
| 5 | Pirates | 2 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 13 |
| 6 | Buccaneer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 7 |
| 7 | Sydney University | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| 8 | Parramatta | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

## Trophy finals

Even though the premiership was decided at the end of the regular games, a finals series was organised. The games were not included in the premiership results. Two trophies were played for at the end of the season: the Sydney Cricket Ground Trophy and the Agricultural Society Trophy.

### Finals week 1, 16 September

| SCG Trophy semi-finals | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | | |
| **1** | **Wallaroo** | **21** |
| 4 | Marrickville | 4 |
|  | | |
| 2 | Randwick | 0 |
| **3** | **Sydney** | **3** |
|  | | |
| RAS Trophy qualifying round | | |
|  | | |
| **5** | **Pirates** | **3** |
| 6 | Buccaneer | 0 |
|  | | |
| **7** | **University** | **W** |
| 8 | Parramatta | F |

#### Sydney Cricket Ground Trophy

At the end of the regular season, the top four teams qualified for the Sydney Cricket Ground Trophy. The first week of finals saw these teams play in the semi-finals for the SCG Trophy. As was expected, Wallaroo easily won their match against Marrickville to proceed to the final. The form of the victorious team was that which would have rivalled an Intercolonial match. In their semi-final, Randwick were only able to field 13 players with many unfamiliar faces. Despite this, the team held their own with the Wallaroo players barracking from the sidelines. Sydney won the game with a try in the dying moments to proceed to the final to play against Wallaroo.

#### Agricultural Society Trophy

The remaining four teams played the first games towards the Agricultural Society Trophy. In the first game, the Pirates easily won against the Buccaneers. The winners, like Randwick, also had trouble fielding a team to play with the team fielding many unfamiliar faces. The Buccaneer were eliminated from the final series after their loss to the Pirates. The second qualifying game did not happen as Parramatta forfeited the game and thus the final series. As a result, Sydney University received a forfeit to pass through the first qualifying round.

### Finals week 2, 23 September

| SCG Trophy final | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Wallaroo** | **16** |
| Sydney | 8 |
|  | |
| RAS Trophy qualifying round | |
|  | |
| Randwick | 0 |
| **Pirates** | **6** |
|  | |
| Marrickville | 0 |
| **University** | **18** |

#### Sydney Cricket Ground Trophy

The final for the trophy was closer than had been expected, despite the final scoreline. At the end of the first half, Wallaroo led Sydney by the slim margin of 1 point. And early in the second half, Sydney scored to take the lead 8 to 6. From there, Sydney failed to capitalise on their momentum and, through some mistakes, Wallaroo were able to score twice to win the match and the trophy.

#### Agricultural Society Trophy

The two second round qualifying games for the Agricultural Society Trophy were almost forgotten. Even the clubs struggled to field their best teams. Marrickville had only 11 players in their game against Sydney University. They were no match for the Varsity and lost the game by a large margin. The Pirates-Randwick game saw many unfamiliar faces participating. The Randwick team were almost entirely made up of reserves and, as a result, lost the match 6 to 0. The two victorious teams, the Pirates and Sydney University were to progress to the semi-finals for the Trophy against the two finalists for the SCG Trophy.

### Finals week 3, 27 September

| RAS Trophy semi-finals | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Wallaroo** | **18** |
| University | 8 |
|  | |
| Sydney | F |
| **Pirates** | **W** |

#### Agricultural Society Trophy

The semi-finals for the Agricultural Society Trophy were played midweek on Wednesday. Much of the interest in the games had been lost as the football season had drawn on longer than was necessary. There had been calls for the Union to cancel the semi's and the final. However, the Union ignored these requests and proceeded with the matches.

The weather on the Wednesday the matches were held turned out to be wet and windy. The first semi-final between Wallaroo and University was entirely one-sided with Wallaroo dominating the scoring. The second semi-final ended in a fiasco. Ten minutes into the game, a Sydney player was ordered off the field for striking an opponent. The player refused to go with the game suspended for approximately ten more minutes. After some discussion, the referee decided to end the match. The entire situation was presented that evening to the Union, who awarded the match to the Pirates. What play was seen during the match indicated that the Pirates were the better team.

### Finals week 4, 30 September

#### Agricultural Society Trophy

| RAS Trophy final | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Wallaroo | 0 |
| **Pirates** | **10** |

The final for the Agricultural Society Trophy was played between the Premiers, Wallaroo, and the Pirates. The Pirates put a fantastic team in the field, all in sound condition. They had the measure of Wallaroo, demonstrating excellent defence. The team had an answer for each of the plays that Wallaroo had. During the game, Wallaroo had one moment where they were looking like scoring. However, a pass was fumbled, resulting in a lost opportunity. As in previous years, the Pirates had come good at the right time of the year. This was the third consecutive year that the Pirates had won the Agricultural Society Trophy.

## Statistics

### Points

|  | Player | Pl | T | G | FG | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Lonnie Spragg | 11 | 9 | 15 | 0 | 60 |
| 2 | Hales | 9 | 3 | 8 | 1 | 38 |
| 3 | Charlie White | 15 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 37 |
| 4 | C McCoy | 13 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 35 |
| 5 | Paddy Lane | 17 | 3 | 12 | 0 | 33 |
| 6 | Iggy O'Donnell | 17 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 29 |
| 7 | HD Thompson | 11 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 25 |
| 8 | Walter Davis | 15 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 24 |
| 9 | C Light | 15 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 23 |
| 10 | Leo Finn | 13 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 22 |

### Tries

|  | Player | Pl | T |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Charlie White | 15 | 11 |
| 2 | Lonnie Spragg | 11 | 9 |
| 3 | Walter Davis | 15 | 8 |
| 4 | C McCoy | 13 | 7 |
| 5 | HD Thompson | 11 | 7 |
| 6 | William Hardcastle | 13 | 7 |
| 7 | Iggy O'Donnell | 17 | 6 |
| 8 | P Hourigan | 13 | 6 |
| 9 | E Quinsey | 11 | 6 |
| 10 | E Shaw | 14 | 5 |

* Statistics include finals matches.

## Lower grades

The MRFU also conducted Second Grade and Third Grade competitions.

### Second Grade

The following teams were involved in the Second Grade competition in 1899: Adelphi, Arncliffe, Endeavour, Glebe, Manly Federal, Mosman, Newtown, North Sydney, Permanent Artillery, Redfern Waratah, South Sydney, Sydney University B, Wallaroo II, Waverley. At the conclusion of the season, Glebe and South Sydney faced each other in the final. The game was drawn with a replay organised for a later date. Glebe won the replay 14 to 3 and were declared premiers.

### Third Grade

The following teams were involved in the Third Grade competition in 1899: Balmain Carlingford, Bondi, Botany, Burwood, East Sydney, Forest Lodge Cambridge, Hurstville, Manly Wentworth, Newtown II, Pioneer, Strathfield, Sydney University III, Warrigal, Waverley Oaks, Permanent Artillery, South Sydney II, Redfern Waratah II. At the conclusion of the season, Forest Lodge Cambridge beat Waverley Oaks in the final 10 to 6.

## Participating clubs

| Club | Grade | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Sen | 2nd | 3rd |
| Adelphi Football Club |  | Y |  |
| Arncliffe Football Club |  | Y |  |
| Balmain Carlingford Football Club |  |  | Y |
| Bondi Football Club |  |  | Y |
| Botany Football Club |  |  | Y |
| Buccaneer Football Club | Y |  |  |
| Burwood Football Club |  |  | Y |
| East Sydney Football Club |  |  | Y |
| Endeavour Football Club |  | Y |  |
| Forest Lodge Cambridge Football Club |  |  | Y |
| Glebe Football Club |  | Y |  |
| Hurstville Football Club |  |  | Y |
| Manly Federal Football Club |  | Y |  |
| Manly Wentworth Football Club |  |  | Y |
| Marrickville Football Club | Y |  |  |
| Mosman Football Club |  | Y |  |
| Newtown Football Club |  | Y | Y |
| North Sydney Football Club |  | Y |  |
| Parramatta Rugby Football Club | Y |  |  |
| Permanent Artillery Football Club |  | Y | Y |
| Pioneer Football Club |  |  | Y |
| Pirates Football Club | Y |  |  |
| Randwick Football Club | Y |  |  |
| Redfern Waratah Football Club |  | Y | Y |
| South Sydney Football Club |  | Y | Y |
| Strathfield Football Club |  |  | Y |
| Sydney Football Club | Y |  |  |
| Sydney University Football Club | Y | Y | Y |
| Wallaroo Football Club | Y | Y |  |
| Warrigal Football Club |  |  | Y |
| Waverley Football Club |  | Y |  |
| Waverley Oaks Football Club |  |  | Y |

## InfoBox

| 1899 Sydney Rugby Premiership | |
| --- | --- |
| Duration | 6 May to 30 September |
| Teams | 8 |
| Premiers | Wallaroo (7th title) |
| Minor Premiers | Wallaroo (4th title) |
| Runners-up | Randwick |
| Wooden spoon | Parramatta |
| Top point-scorer(s) | Lonnie Spragg (60) |
| Top try-scorer(s) | Charlie White (11) |
| Second Grade | |
| Number of teams | 14 |
| Premiers | Glebe |
| Runners-up | South Sydney |
| Third Grade | |
| Number of teams | 17 |
| Premiers | Forest Lodge Cambridge |
| Runners-up | Waverley Oaks |
|


abstract: The 12th General Assembly of Prince Edward Island represented the colony of Prince Edward Island between January 14, 1825, and 1831. The Assembly sat at the pleasure of the Governor of Prince Edward Island, John Ready. John Stewart was elected speaker.

text:
# 12th General Assembly of Prince Edward Island

The **12th General Assembly of Prince Edward Island** represented the colony of Prince Edward Island between January 14, 1825, and 1831.

The Assembly sat at the pleasure of the Governor of Prince Edward Island, John Ready. John Stewart was elected speaker.

## Members

The members of the Prince Edward Island Legislature after the general election of 1825 were:

| Riding | Name |
| --- | --- |
| Prince County | Alexander Campbell |
|  | Donald Montgomery |
|  | John Stewart |
|  | William McNeill |
| Queens County | Angus McAulay |
|  | William Hyde |
|  | Lemuel Cambridge |
|  | Ewan Cameron |
| Kings County | Benjamin Coffin |
|  | William Johnston |
|  | John Jardine |
|  | Thomas Owen |
| Charlottetown | Paul Mabey |
|  | Robert Hodgson |
| Georgetown | William Dockendorff |
|  | John McGregor |
| Princetown | Donald Stewart |
|  | George Bearistoe |

Notes:

1. died in 1827


title: László Deseő

abstract: László Deseő was a Hungarian military officer and diplomat, who served as artillery commander of the Hungarian Second Army's First Corps during the Second World War. Deseő was captured after the Battle of Stalingrad. He died as a prisoner of war in the Soviet Union in 1948 one day before his 55th birthday.

text:
# László Deseő

**László Deseő** (26 June 1893 – 25 June 1948) was a Hungarian military officer and diplomat, who served as artillery commander of the Hungarian Second Army's First Corps during the Second World War.

Deseő was captured after the Battle of Stalingrad. He died as a prisoner of war (his number was 8355) in the Soviet Union in 1948 one day before his 55th birthday.

## InfoBox

| László Deseő | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1893-06-26)26 June 1893
Sárospatak, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 25 June 1948(1948-06-25) (aged 54)
Krasnoyarsk, Soviet Union |
| Allegiance | Austria-Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary |
| Years of service | 1913–1943 |
| Rank | Major General |
| Commands | 1st Corps (Hungarian Second Army) |
| Battles/wars | World War I
World War II |


title: Effie Shannon

abstract: Effie Shannon was an American stage and silent screen actress.

text:
# Effie Shannon

**Effie Shannon** (May 13, 1867 – July 24, 1954) was an American stage and silent screen actress.

## Biography

Shannon had a 60-year career as starring performer and later character actress. She began as a child actor appearing with John McCullough and later in 1886 with Robert B. Mantell. She was one of the founding members of the Twelfth Night Club for female actresses in 1891 (along with Alice Fisher, Lelena Fisher and Maida Craigen).

Her partner and/or husband was Herbert Kelcey who died in 1917. They appeared in numerous plays as a team predating by a generation the famous Lunt and Fontanne as a great Broadway romantic team. Effie's sister, Winona Shannon (1874-1950) was also an actress and regularly performed in the Herbert Kelcey and Effie Shannon Company. In 1914, Effie appeared in her first silent film along with Kelcey. They made one more film together in 1916 before his 1917 death. Shannon continued to appear in silent films and early sound films until 1932 while still appearing on Broadway. One of her later roles was in a revival of *Arsenic and Old Lace*.

On 16 September 1932 Peg Entwhistle, wearing a dress borrowed from Shannon, jumped to her death from the top of the Hollywoodland sign.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1914 | *After the Ball* | Louise Tate | **Lost** film |
| 1916 | *The Sphinx* | The Sphinx | **Lost** film |
| 1918 | *Her Boy* | Helen Morrison | **Lost** film |
| | *Ashes of Love* | Louise Mordyke | **Incomplete** film |
| 1919 | *The Common Cause* | Belgium (prologue) | **Lost** film |
| 1921 | *Mama's Affair* | Mrs. Orrin |  |
| 1922 | *Sure Fire Flint* | Mrs. De Lanni | **Lost** film |
| | *The Man Who Played God* | Mildred Arden |  |
| | *The Secrets of Paris* | Madame Ferrand | **Lost** film |
| 1923 | *The Tie That Binds* | Mrs. Mills | **Lost** film |
| | *Jacqueline* | Her Mother | **Lost** film |
| | *Bright Lights of Broadway* | Mrs. Grimm, Landlady |  |
| 1924 | *Roulette* | Mrs. Marineaux | **Lost** film |
| | *Damaged Hearts* | His Wife | **Lost** film |
| | *The Side Show of Life* | Lady Verity-Stewart |  |
| | *Sinners In Heaven* | Mrs. Stockley | **Lost** film |
| | *Greater Than Marriage* | Mother |  |
| 1925 | *Soul-Fire* | Mrs. Howard Fane - Eric's Mother |  |
| | *Sally of the Sawdust* | Mrs. Foster |  |
| | *Wandering Fires* | Mrs. Satorius |  |
| | *The New Commandment* | Marquise de la Salle | **Lost** film |
| | *Pearl of Love* | Mrs. Kittridge | **Lost** film |
| 1926 | *The Highbinders* | Mrs. James Cortright | **Lost** film |
| 1929 | *Highlowbrow* |  | Short |
| 1932 | *The Wiser Sex* | Mrs. Hughes |  |

## Sources

* Lamparski, R. (1981) *Lamparsaki's Hidden Hollywood*, Simon & Schuster: New York. ISBN 0671418858.

## InfoBox

| Effie Shannon | |
| --- | --- |
| *Famous Actresses of the Day in America, Volume 1* by Lewis Clinton Strang, published 1899 | |
| Born | (1867-05-13)May 13, 1867
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States |
| Died | July 24, 1954(1954-07-24) (aged 87)
Bay Shore, New York, United States |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1886–1944 |
| Spouse(s) | Henry Guy Carleton m.1890-1893; divorced, |
| Partner(s) | Herbert Kelcey; not married, acting-partner |