vegetation canopy let light allowing seedlings compete shade tolerant seedlings species establish ref name usnps us national park service ref stationary nature precludes fire avoidance plant species may fire intolerant fire tolerant fire resistant ref name kramp kramp ''et al'' ref fire intolerance fire intolerant plant species tend highly flammable destroyed completely fire plants seeds may simply fade community fire return others adapted ensure offspring survives next generation obligate seeders
Applied science Public administration Fire ecology