optimization mdash perform gradient descent multi dimensional topology created training network common training technique backpropagation algorithm ref name backpropagation backpropagation paul werbos' introduction backpropagation ai automatic differentiation essential precursor ref learning techniques neural networks hebbian learning fire together wire together gmdh competitive learning ref name learning neural networks competitive learning hebbian coincidence learning hopfield networks attractor networks ref main categories networks acyclic feedforward neural networks signal passes one direction recurrent neural
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