formation volcanoes current historic eruptions volcanologists frequently visit volcanoes especially active ones observe volcanic eruptions collect eruptive products including tephra ash pumice rock lava samples one major focus enquiry prediction eruptions currently accurate way predicting eruptions like predicting earthquakes could save many lives modern volcanology volcanologist examining tephra horizons south central iceland diagram destructive plate margin subduction fuels volcanic activity subduction zones tectonic plate boundaries first volcanological observatory
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