spatial arrangement atoms crystal would need radiation much shorter wavelengths x ray neutron beams unfortunately focusing x rays conventional optical lens challenge scientists success focusing x rays microscopic fresnel zone plates made gold critical angle reflection inside long tapered capillaries diffracted x ray neutron beams cannot focused produce images sample structure must reconstructed diffraction pattern diffraction patterns arise constructive interference incident radiation x rays electrons neutrons scattered periodic repeating
Applied science Engineering and technology Materials Science and Engineering Crystallography