disintegration european american civilization violent age caesarism arguing detailed analogies civilizations deepened post world war pessimism europe warmly received intellectuals china india latin america hoped predictions collapse european empires would soon come true toynbee 's ten volume ''a study history'' came three separate installments followed spengler taking comparative topical approach independent civilizations toynbee said displayed striking parallels origin growth decay toynbee rejected spengler 's biological model civilizations
Humanities History World history