ce sura academy jewish kalam emerged many centuries later founded abba arika next five centuries talmudic academies focused upon reconstituting judaism little philosophic investigation pursued influences rabbinic judaism limited philosophical activity challenged islam karaite judaism christianity tanach mishnah talmud need philosophic framework economic viewpoint radhanite trade dominance usurped coordinated christian islamic forced conversions torture compelling jewish scholars understand nascent economic threats investigations
Humanities Theology Jewish theology