muftis heed rulings real life role ''hisba'' classical doctrine ''hisba'' associated quranic injunction ''enjoining good forbidding wrong'' refers duty muslims promote moral rectitude intervene another muslim acting wrongly historically legal implementation entrusted public official called ''muhtasib'' market inspector charged preventing fraud disturbance public order infractions public morality office disappeared modern era everywhere muslim world revived arabia first saudi state later instituted
Humanities Law Islamic law