smallpox smallpox epidemic fifty us states require children vaccinated attend public school although states provide exemptions based religious philosophical beliefs forced vaccination opposed fines refusal services rare typically happens emergency measure outbreak reported parts china compulsory vaccination greatly reduces infection rates diseases vaccines protect ref name ref reasons including socioeconomic disparities ethnic minority prevent reasonable access vaccinations ref name history vaccines website wwwhistoryofvaccinesorg language en access date april archive date april archive url https webarchiveorg web https wwwhistoryofvaccinesorg indexphp content articles ethical issues vaccines url status live ref
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