integrated circuit half year kilby noyce 's invention monolithic integrated circuit ic chip ref name computerhistory ref ref name nasa chip solved many practical problems kilby 's produced fairchild semiconductor made silicon whereas kilby 's chip made germanium basis noyce 's monolithic ic fairchild 's planar process allowed integrated circuits laid using principles printed circuits planar process developed noyce 's colleague jean hoerni early based mohamed atalla 's work semiconductor surface passivation silicon dioxide bell
Formal science Computer science Social sciences History of computer hardware