concept formation memory spatial cognition time estimation much research areas related directly indirectly behaviors important survival natural settings navigation tool use numerical competence thus comparative psychology animal cognition heavily overlapping research categories ref name menzel p menzel r fischer j ''animal thinking contemporary issues comparative cognition'' ref ref name wass wasserman zentall eds ''comparative cognition'' ref disorders animal behavior veterinary surgeons recognize psychological state captive domesticated animal must taken account behavior health
Social science Psychology Comparative psychology