cover entire curve ie snowflake infinite perimeter ref name mandelbrot history koch snowflake fractal begins equilateral triangle replaces middle third every line segment pair line segments form equilateral bump alt x px cantor ternary set history fractals traces path chiefly theoretical studies modern applications computer graphics several notable people contributing canonical fractal forms along way ref name classics ref ref name mactutor ref common theme traditional african architecture use fractal scaling whereby small parts structure tend
Formal science Mathematics Applied mathematics Dynamical systems Fractal geometry