esl efl conflated second circle secondly multitude englishes europe also missing layer finally outside layer includes pidgins creoles l englishes scholars would argue english pidgins creoles belong one family rather overlapping multiple memberships g rlach 's circle model english manfred g rlach 's mcarthur 's models reasonably similar exclude english varieties europe g rlach include efls model consistent though less comprehensive outside circle mixed varieties pidgins creoles mixed languages involving
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