scientific https doiorg ref would come called second order qualities evident work cyberneticians warren mcculloch ref name su gregory bateson ref name rg foerster mead macy conference participants instigators second order cybernetics mead bateson instance noted wiener understood participant observers contrast detached input output approach typical engineering ref name brand sense second order cybernetics thought distinct tradition within cybernetics developed along different lines narrower framing
Applied science Business Systems science Cybernetics Second-order cybernetics