ref name daouk weinshilboum refers direct measurement metabolites individual 's bodily fluids order predict evaluate metabolism pharmaceutical compounds better understand pharmacokinetic profile drug ref name daouk weinshilboum ref name daouk weinshilboum pharmacometabolomics applied measure metabolite levels following administration drug order monitor effects drug metabolic pathways pharmacomicrobiomics studies effect microbiome variations drug disposition action toxicity pharmacomicrobiomics concerned interaction drugs gut microbiome pharmacogenomics application genomic technologies
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