ancient world included egyptians assyrians babylonians persians ancient greeks notably spartans macedonians kushites indians notably magadhas gangaridais gandharas cholas early imperial chinese notably qin han dynasties xiongnu confederation ancient romans carthaginians fertile crescent mesopotamia center several prehistoric conquests mesopotamia conquered sumerians akkadians babylonians assyrians persians iranians first nation introduce cavalry army ref name suren pahlav suren pahlav ''general surena hero carrhae'' ref egypt began growing ancient power eventually fell libyans nubians assyrians persians greeks romans byzantines
Applied science Military sciences Military history