steepness knee detection local maxima clusterings obtained way usually hierarchical cannot achieved single dbscan run complexity like dbscan optics processes point performs one math varepsilon math neighborhood query processing given spatial index grants neighborhood query math log n math runtime overall runtime math n cdot log n math obtained authors original optics paper report actual constant slowdown factor compared dbscan note value math varepsilon math might heavily influence cost algorithm since value large might
Natural science Physics Optics