authors show list countries future gdp based eci estimates ability eci predict future gdp per capita growth times times larger world bank 's measure governance world economic forum 's wef global competitiveness index gci standard measures human capital years schooling cognitive ability metrics country fitness product complexity pietronero collaborators recently proposed different approach ref name metricsfitness ref ref name metricsfitness ref ref name metricsflyer ref metrics defined fixed point non linear iterative map differently
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