fractals infinitely self similar iterated detailed mathematical constructs fractal dimensions many examples formulated studied ref name mandelbrot ref name falconer ref name patterns ref fractals limited geometric patterns also describe processes time ref name gouyet ref name vicsek ref name time series fractal patterns various degrees self similarity rendered studied visual physical aural media ref name music ref found nature ref name heart ref name heartrate ref name cerebellum ref ref name neuroscience ref ref name branching technology ref name soil ref ref name diagnostic imaging ref ref name medicine ref ref name seismology art ref name novel ref name african art architecture ref name springercom ostwald michael j vaughan josephine
Formal science Mathematics Applied mathematics Dynamical systems Fractal geometry