conflict decided battle god negotiations human beings kharijites thus deemed arbitrators abu musa al ash ari amr ibn al leaders appointed arbitrators ali mu wiyah agreed arbitration companions ali mu wiyah kuff r disbelievers breached rules qur'an believed participants battle jamal including talha zubayr companions muhammad aisha committed ''kabira'' major sin islam ref name referencea abul ala maududi khilafat malookeyat urdu language caliphate kingship
Humanities Theology Muslim theology