coastline opposition ''onshore'' ''nearshore'' ref name dean dean etr offshore geotechnical engineering principles practice thomas telford reston va p ref oil platforms artificial islands submarine pipelines examples structures number significant differences onshore offshore geotechnical engineering ref name dean ref name randolph gourvenec randolph gourvenec offshore geotechnical engineering spon press ny p ref notably ground improvement seabed site investigation expensive offshore structures exposed wider range geohazards environmental financial consequences higher case failure offshore
Applied science Engineering and technology Civil Engineering Geotechnical engineering