parsons since niklas luhmann since blockquote elements systems thinking also seen work james clerk maxwell particularly control theory general systems research systems inquiry many early systems theorists aimed finding general systems theory could explain systems fields science ludwig von bertalanffy began developing 'general systems theory' via lectures via publications ref name von bertalanffy karl ludwig ''robots men minds psychology modern world'' st ed translated h j flechtner sseldorf econ verlag gmbh p
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