seeding sprouting area harvesting area selection cutting shelter seed tree harvest soil preparation restricting size clear cut stand secure natural regeneration surrounding trees process natural regeneration involves renewal forests means self sown seeds root suckers coppicing natural forests conifers rely almost entirely regeneration seed broadleaves however able regenerate means emergence shoots stumps coppice broken stems seedbed requirements seed self sown artificially applied requires seedbed suitable
Applied science Environmental studies and forestry Silviculture