''qiongxiao guniang'' ''bixiao guniang'' southeastern provinces cult chen jinggu identified scholars emanation northern cult bixia local goddesses motherly features including northern canmu silkworm mother mazu ancestral mother popular provinces along eastern coast taiwan title queen heaven ''ti nh u'' frequently attributed mazu doumu cosmic goddess worship modalities religious practice central taiwan vows deity chinese temple vietnam xiao ancestral temple
Humanities Theology Chinese Folk Religion