material usually achieved via use liquid nitrogen liquid helium mechanical cryocooler uses high pressure helium lines gifford mcmahon cryocoolers pulse tube cryocoolers stirling cryocoolers wide use selection based required base temperature cooling capacity recent development cryogenics use magnets regenerators well refrigerators devices work principle known magnetocaloric effect detectors various cryogenic detectors used detect particles cryogenic temperature measurement k pt sensors resistance temperature detector
Natural science Physics Cryogenics