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{"tstamp": 1722370295.4157, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "tievote", "models": ["", ""], "ip": "", "0_conv_id": "cd70dab8da344dee861341fe526fc33f", "0_model_name": "Salesforce/SFR-Embedding-2_R", "0_prompt": "Find a paper on a large multimodal model achieving SoTA in VQA while being used for robotics tasks", "0_output": [["Find a paper on a large multimodal model achieving SoTA in VQA while being used for robotics tasks", "Title: ManipVQA: Injecting Robotic Affordance and Physically Grounded Information into Multi-Modal Large Language Models\n\nAbstract: The integration of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) with robotic systems has significantly enhanced the ability of robots to interpret and act upon natural language instructions. Despite these advancements, conventional MLLMs are typically trained on generic image-text pairs, lacking essential robotics knowledge such as affordances and physical knowledge, which hampers their efficacy in manipulation tasks. To bridge this gap, we introduce ManipVQA, a novel framework designed to endow MLLMs with Manipulation-centric knowledge through a Visual Question-Answering format. This approach not only encompasses tool detection and affordance recognition but also extends to a comprehensive understanding of physical concepts. Our approach starts with collecting a varied set of images displaying interactive objects, which presents a broad range of challenges in tool object detection, affordance, and physical concept predictions. To seamlessly integrate this robotic-specific knowledge with the inherent vision-reasoning capabilities of MLLMs, we adopt a unified VQA format and devise a fine-tuning strategy that preserves the original vision-reasoning abilities while incorporating the new robotic insights. Empirical evaluations conducted in robotic simulators and across various vision task benchmarks demonstrate the robust performance of ManipVQA. Code and dataset will be made publicly available at https://github.com/SiyuanHuang95/ManipVQA."]], "0_corpus": "arxiv", "1_conv_id": "44c3418ddda44ffcbe5214c14c1a99f6", "1_model_name": "mixedbread-ai/mxbai-embed-large-v1", "1_prompt": "Find a paper on a large multimodal model achieving SoTA in VQA while being used for robotics tasks", "1_output": [["Find a paper on a large multimodal model achieving SoTA in VQA while being used for robotics tasks", "Title: ManipVQA: Injecting Robotic Affordance and Physically Grounded Information into Multi-Modal Large Language Models\n\nAbstract: The integration of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) with robotic systems has significantly enhanced the ability of robots to interpret and act upon natural language instructions. Despite these advancements, conventional MLLMs are typically trained on generic image-text pairs, lacking essential robotics knowledge such as affordances and physical knowledge, which hampers their efficacy in manipulation tasks. To bridge this gap, we introduce ManipVQA, a novel framework designed to endow MLLMs with Manipulation-centric knowledge through a Visual Question-Answering format. This approach not only encompasses tool detection and affordance recognition but also extends to a comprehensive understanding of physical concepts. Our approach starts with collecting a varied set of images displaying interactive objects, which presents a broad range of challenges in tool object detection, affordance, and physical concept predictions. To seamlessly integrate this robotic-specific knowledge with the inherent vision-reasoning capabilities of MLLMs, we adopt a unified VQA format and devise a fine-tuning strategy that preserves the original vision-reasoning abilities while incorporating the new robotic insights. Empirical evaluations conducted in robotic simulators and across various vision task benchmarks demonstrate the robust performance of ManipVQA. Code and dataset will be made publicly available at https://github.com/SiyuanHuang95/ManipVQA."]], "1_corpus": "arxiv"}
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{"tstamp": 1722370780.9276, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "leftvote", "models": ["", ""], "ip": "", "0_conv_id": "bd4285db88334dfe9e0184d7e0221d72", "0_model_name": "Alibaba-NLP/gte-Qwen2-7B-instruct", "0_prompt": "I am looking for a paper to help me deal with data constraints as I scale up my language model.", "0_output": [["I am looking for a paper to help me deal with data constraints as I scale up my language model.", "Title: Data Mixing Made Efficient: A Bivariate Scaling Law for Language Model Pretraining\n\nAbstract: Large language models exhibit exceptional generalization capabilities, primarily attributed to the utilization of diversely sourced data. However, conventional practices in integrating this diverse data heavily rely on heuristic schemes, lacking theoretical guidance. This research tackles these limitations by investigating strategies based on low-cost proxies for data mixtures, with the aim of streamlining data curation to enhance training efficiency. Specifically, we propose a unified scaling law, termed BiMix, which accurately models the bivariate scaling behaviors of both data quantity and mixing proportions. We conduct systematic experiments and provide empirical evidence for the predictive power and fundamental principles of BiMix. Notably, our findings reveal that entropy-driven training-free data mixtures can achieve comparable or even better performance than more resource-intensive methods. We hope that our quantitative insights can shed light on further judicious research and development in cost-effective language modeling."]], "0_corpus": "arxiv", "1_conv_id": "83c8271e51c54db3a59a8bde76f8eefd", "1_model_name": "jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-en", "1_prompt": "I am looking for a paper to help me deal with data constraints as I scale up my language model.", "1_output": [["I am looking for a paper to help me deal with data constraints as I scale up my language model.", "Title: Like Sparrows on a Clothes Line: The Self-Organization of Random Number Sequences\n\nAbstract: We study sequences of random numbers {Z[1],Z[2],Z[3],...,Z[n]} -- which can be considered random walks with reflecting barriers -- and define their \"types\" according to whether Z[i] > Z[i+1], (a down-movement), or Z[i] < Z[i+1] (up-movement). This paper examines the means, xi, to which the Zi converge, when a large number of sequences of the same type is considered. It is shown that these means organize themselves in such a way that, between two turning points of the sequence, they are equidistant from one another. We also show that m steps in one direction tend to offset one step in the other direction, as m -> infinity. Key words:random number sequence, self-organization, random walk, reflecting barriers."]], "1_corpus": "arxiv"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371024.6258, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "tievote", "models": ["", ""], "ip": "", "0_conv_id": "c52fa11dbc924d5b9006f7ce087ccd38", "0_model_name": "mixedbread-ai/mxbai-embed-large-v1", "0_prompt": "Capital of france", "0_output": [["Capital of france", "List of capitals of France\n\nThis is a chronological list of capitals of France. The capital of France has been Paris since its liberation in 1944."]], "0_corpus": "wikipedia", "1_conv_id": "c6d07e14b3cb44b7bb1da9f498d186d9", "1_model_name": "GritLM/GritLM-7B", "1_prompt": "Capital of france", "1_output": [["Capital of france", "List of capitals of France\n\nThis is a chronological list of capitals of France. The capital of France has been Paris since its liberation in 1944."]], "1_corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722370295.4157, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "tievote", "models": ["", ""], "ip": "", "0_conv_id": "cd70dab8da344dee861341fe526fc33f", "0_model_name": "Salesforce/SFR-Embedding-2_R", "0_prompt": "Find a paper on a large multimodal model achieving SoTA in VQA while being used for robotics tasks", "0_output": [["Find a paper on a large multimodal model achieving SoTA in VQA while being used for robotics tasks", "Title: ManipVQA: Injecting Robotic Affordance and Physically Grounded Information into Multi-Modal Large Language Models\n\nAbstract: The integration of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) with robotic systems has significantly enhanced the ability of robots to interpret and act upon natural language instructions. Despite these advancements, conventional MLLMs are typically trained on generic image-text pairs, lacking essential robotics knowledge such as affordances and physical knowledge, which hampers their efficacy in manipulation tasks. To bridge this gap, we introduce ManipVQA, a novel framework designed to endow MLLMs with Manipulation-centric knowledge through a Visual Question-Answering format. This approach not only encompasses tool detection and affordance recognition but also extends to a comprehensive understanding of physical concepts. Our approach starts with collecting a varied set of images displaying interactive objects, which presents a broad range of challenges in tool object detection, affordance, and physical concept predictions. To seamlessly integrate this robotic-specific knowledge with the inherent vision-reasoning capabilities of MLLMs, we adopt a unified VQA format and devise a fine-tuning strategy that preserves the original vision-reasoning abilities while incorporating the new robotic insights. Empirical evaluations conducted in robotic simulators and across various vision task benchmarks demonstrate the robust performance of ManipVQA. Code and dataset will be made publicly available at https://github.com/SiyuanHuang95/ManipVQA."]], "0_corpus": "arxiv", "1_conv_id": "44c3418ddda44ffcbe5214c14c1a99f6", "1_model_name": "mixedbread-ai/mxbai-embed-large-v1", "1_prompt": "Find a paper on a large multimodal model achieving SoTA in VQA while being used for robotics tasks", "1_output": [["Find a paper on a large multimodal model achieving SoTA in VQA while being used for robotics tasks", "Title: ManipVQA: Injecting Robotic Affordance and Physically Grounded Information into Multi-Modal Large Language Models\n\nAbstract: The integration of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) with robotic systems has significantly enhanced the ability of robots to interpret and act upon natural language instructions. Despite these advancements, conventional MLLMs are typically trained on generic image-text pairs, lacking essential robotics knowledge such as affordances and physical knowledge, which hampers their efficacy in manipulation tasks. To bridge this gap, we introduce ManipVQA, a novel framework designed to endow MLLMs with Manipulation-centric knowledge through a Visual Question-Answering format. This approach not only encompasses tool detection and affordance recognition but also extends to a comprehensive understanding of physical concepts. Our approach starts with collecting a varied set of images displaying interactive objects, which presents a broad range of challenges in tool object detection, affordance, and physical concept predictions. To seamlessly integrate this robotic-specific knowledge with the inherent vision-reasoning capabilities of MLLMs, we adopt a unified VQA format and devise a fine-tuning strategy that preserves the original vision-reasoning abilities while incorporating the new robotic insights. Empirical evaluations conducted in robotic simulators and across various vision task benchmarks demonstrate the robust performance of ManipVQA. Code and dataset will be made publicly available at https://github.com/SiyuanHuang95/ManipVQA."]], "1_corpus": "arxiv"}
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{"tstamp": 1722370780.9276, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "leftvote", "models": ["", ""], "ip": "", "0_conv_id": "bd4285db88334dfe9e0184d7e0221d72", "0_model_name": "Alibaba-NLP/gte-Qwen2-7B-instruct", "0_prompt": "I am looking for a paper to help me deal with data constraints as I scale up my language model.", "0_output": [["I am looking for a paper to help me deal with data constraints as I scale up my language model.", "Title: Data Mixing Made Efficient: A Bivariate Scaling Law for Language Model Pretraining\n\nAbstract: Large language models exhibit exceptional generalization capabilities, primarily attributed to the utilization of diversely sourced data. However, conventional practices in integrating this diverse data heavily rely on heuristic schemes, lacking theoretical guidance. This research tackles these limitations by investigating strategies based on low-cost proxies for data mixtures, with the aim of streamlining data curation to enhance training efficiency. Specifically, we propose a unified scaling law, termed BiMix, which accurately models the bivariate scaling behaviors of both data quantity and mixing proportions. We conduct systematic experiments and provide empirical evidence for the predictive power and fundamental principles of BiMix. Notably, our findings reveal that entropy-driven training-free data mixtures can achieve comparable or even better performance than more resource-intensive methods. We hope that our quantitative insights can shed light on further judicious research and development in cost-effective language modeling."]], "0_corpus": "arxiv", "1_conv_id": "83c8271e51c54db3a59a8bde76f8eefd", "1_model_name": "jinaai/jina-embeddings-v2-base-en", "1_prompt": "I am looking for a paper to help me deal with data constraints as I scale up my language model.", "1_output": [["I am looking for a paper to help me deal with data constraints as I scale up my language model.", "Title: Like Sparrows on a Clothes Line: The Self-Organization of Random Number Sequences\n\nAbstract: We study sequences of random numbers {Z[1],Z[2],Z[3],...,Z[n]} -- which can be considered random walks with reflecting barriers -- and define their \"types\" according to whether Z[i] > Z[i+1], (a down-movement), or Z[i] < Z[i+1] (up-movement). This paper examines the means, xi, to which the Zi converge, when a large number of sequences of the same type is considered. It is shown that these means organize themselves in such a way that, between two turning points of the sequence, they are equidistant from one another. We also show that m steps in one direction tend to offset one step in the other direction, as m -> infinity. Key words:random number sequence, self-organization, random walk, reflecting barriers."]], "1_corpus": "arxiv"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371024.6258, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "tievote", "models": ["", ""], "ip": "", "0_conv_id": "c52fa11dbc924d5b9006f7ce087ccd38", "0_model_name": "mixedbread-ai/mxbai-embed-large-v1", "0_prompt": "Capital of france", "0_output": [["Capital of france", "List of capitals of France\n\nThis is a chronological list of capitals of France. The capital of France has been Paris since its liberation in 1944."]], "0_corpus": "wikipedia", "1_conv_id": "c6d07e14b3cb44b7bb1da9f498d186d9", "1_model_name": "GritLM/GritLM-7B", "1_prompt": "Capital of france", "1_output": [["Capital of france", "List of capitals of France\n\nThis is a chronological list of capitals of France. The capital of France has been Paris since its liberation in 1944."]], "1_corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371074.2762, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "tievote", "models": ["", ""], "ip": "", "0_conv_id": "00ac27113a0b44e1a143ea9b821011ed", "0_model_name": "GritLM/GritLM-7B", "0_prompt": "who created tensorflow", "0_output": [["who created tensorflow", "TensorFlow\n\nTensorFlow is a free and open-source software library for machine learning and artificial intelligence. It can be used across a range of tasks but has a particular focus on training and inference of deep neural networks.\nIt was developed by the Google Brain team for Google's internal use in research and production. The initial version was released under the Apache License 2.0 in 2015. Google released an updated version, TensorFlow 2.0, in September 2019.\nTensorFlow can be used in a wide variety of programming languages, including Python, JavaScript, C++, and Java, facilitating its use in a range of applications in many sectors.\nHistory"]], "0_corpus": "wikipedia", "1_conv_id": "f227b1ed4d0b45b195f2e6a34a4a90ad", "1_model_name": "intfloat/e5-mistral-7b-instruct", "1_prompt": "who created tensorflow", "1_output": [["who created tensorflow", "TensorFlow\n\nTensorFlow is a free and open-source software library for machine learning and artificial intelligence. It can be used across a range of tasks but has a particular focus on training and inference of deep neural networks.\nIt was developed by the Google Brain team for Google's internal use in research and production. The initial version was released under the Apache License 2.0 in 2015. Google released an updated version, TensorFlow 2.0, in September 2019.\nTensorFlow can be used in a wide variety of programming languages, including Python, JavaScript, C++, and Java, facilitating its use in a range of applications in many sectors.\nHistory"]], "1_corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371081.5948, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "bothbadvote", "models": ["", ""], "ip": "", "0_conv_id": "a07829582cc340e98ff12fe3be82fffc", "0_model_name": "sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2", "0_prompt": "Who is Aditya Kusupati? ", "0_output": [["Who is Aditya Kusupati? ", "Title: The State of the Art Forensic Techniques in Mobile Cloud Environment: A Survey, Challenges and Current Trends\n\nAbstract: Smartphones have become popular in recent days due to the accessibility of a wide range of applications. These sophisticated applications demand more computing resources in a resource constraint smartphone. Cloud computing is the motivating factor for the progress of these applications. The emerging mobile cloud computing introduces a new architecture to offload smartphone and utilize cloud computing technology to solve resource requirements. The popularity of mobile cloud computing is an opportunity for misuse and unlawful activities. Therefore, it is a challenging platform for digital forensic investigations due to the non-availability of methodologies, tools and techniques. The aim of this work is to analyze the forensic tools and methodologies for crime investigation in a mobile cloud platform as it poses challenges in proving the evidence. The advancement of forensic tools and methodologies are much slower than the current technology development in mobile cloud computing. Thus, forces the available tools, and techniques become increasingly obsolete. Therefore, it opens up the door for the new forensic tools and techniques to cope up with recent developments. Hence, this work presents a detailed survey of forensic methodology and corresponding issues in a mobile device, cloud environment, and mobile cloud applications. It mainly focuses on digital forensic issues related to mobile cloud applications and also analyze the scope, challenges and opportunities. Finally, this work reviewed the forensic procedures of two cloud storage services used for mobile cloud applications such as Dropbox and SkyDrive."]], "0_corpus": "arxiv", "1_conv_id": "b79c9a24688048e8b6b8812e8ebe6bd8", "1_model_name": "GritLM/GritLM-7B", "1_prompt": "Who is Aditya Kusupati? ", "1_output": [["Who is Aditya Kusupati? ", "Title: Bipartita: Physics, Geometry & Number Theory\n\nAbstract: Bipartite graphs, especially drawn on Riemann surfaces, have of late assumed an active role in theoretical physics, ranging from MHV scattering amplitudes to brane tilings, from dimer models and topological strings to toric AdS/CFT, from matrix models to dessins d'enfants in gauge theory. Here, we take a brief and casual promenade in the realm of brane tilings, quiver SUSY gauge theories and dessins, serving as a rapid introduction to the reader."]], "1_corpus": "arxiv"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371097.0236, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "rightvote", "models": ["", ""], "ip": "", "0_conv_id": "ff90387a680542279416f37157671099", "0_model_name": "BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5", "0_prompt": "who created tensorflow", "0_output": [["who created tensorflow", "Neural network (machine learning)\n\nthe reverse mode of automatic differentiation or reverse accumulation, due to Seppo Linnainmaa (1970). The term \"back-propagating errors\" was introduced in 1962 by Frank Rosenblatt, but he did not have an implementation of this procedure, although Henry J. Kelley and Bryson had dynamic programming based continuous precursors of backpropagation already in 1960–61 in the context of control theory.\nIn 1973, Dreyfus used backpropagation to adapt parameters of controllers in proportion to error gradients.\nIn 1982, Paul Werbos applied backpropagation to MLPs in the way that has become standard. In 1986 Rumelhart, Hinton and Williams showed that backpropagation learned interesting internal representations of words as feature vectors when trained to predict the next word in a sequence.\nIn the late 1970s to early 1980s, interest briefly emerged in theoretically investigating the Ising model created by Wilhelm Lenz (1920) and Ernst Ising (1925)\nin relation to .\nThe Ising model is essentially a non-learning artificial recurrent neural network (RNN) consisting of neuron-like threshold elements.\nIn 1972, Shun'ichi Amari described an adaptive version of this architecture,\nIn 1981, the Ising model was solved exactly by Peter Barth for the general case of closed Cayley trees (with loops) with an arbitrary branching ratio\nand found to exhibit unusual phase transition behavior in its local-apex and long-range site-site correlations.\nJohn Hopfield popularised this architecture in 1982,\nand it is now known as a Hopfield network."]], "0_corpus": "wikipedia", "1_conv_id": "8bc41a01146c44a78761ed29c07e6521", "1_model_name": "voyage-multilingual-2", "1_prompt": "who created tensorflow", "1_output": [["who created tensorflow", "TensorFlow\n\nTensorFlow is a free and open-source software library for machine learning and artificial intelligence. It can be used across a range of tasks but has a particular focus on training and inference of deep neural networks.\nIt was developed by the Google Brain team for Google's internal use in research and production. The initial version was released under the Apache License 2.0 in 2015. Google released an updated version, TensorFlow 2.0, in September 2019.\nTensorFlow can be used in a wide variety of programming languages, including Python, JavaScript, C++, and Java, facilitating its use in a range of applications in many sectors.\nHistory"]], "1_corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371120.6706, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "rightvote", "models": ["", ""], "ip": "", "0_conv_id": "d223c258864240748c9f3fa96b4ffdf6", "0_model_name": "sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2", "0_prompt": "who created tensorflow", "0_output": [["who created tensorflow", "TensorFlow\n\nIn May 2019, Google announced TensorFlow Graphics for deep learning in computer graphics.\nTensor processing unit (TPU)\nIn May 2016, Google announced its Tensor processing unit (TPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC, a hardware chip) built specifically for machine learning and tailored for TensorFlow. A TPU is a programmable AI accelerator designed to provide high throughput of low-precision arithmetic (e.g., 8-bit), and oriented toward using or running models rather than training them. Google announced they had been running TPUs inside their data centers for more than a year, and had found them to deliver an order of magnitude better-optimized performance per watt for machine learning.\nIn May 2017, Google announced the second-generation, as well as the availability of the TPUs in Google Compute Engine. The second-generation TPUs deliver up to 180 teraflops of performance, and when organized into clusters of 64 TPUs, provide up to 11.5 petaflops.\nIn May 2018, Google announced the third-generation TPUs delivering up to 420 teraflops of performance and 128 GB high bandwidth memory (HBM). Cloud TPU v3 Pods offer 100+ petaflops of performance and 32 TB HBM.\nIn February 2018, Google announced that they were making TPUs available in beta on the Google Cloud Platform."]], "0_corpus": "wikipedia", "1_conv_id": "0718fa725f8a4093a6719d59289c7d87", "1_model_name": "embed-english-v3.0", "1_prompt": "who created tensorflow", "1_output": [["who created tensorflow", "TensorFlow\n\nTensorFlow is a free and open-source software library for machine learning and artificial intelligence. It can be used across a range of tasks but has a particular focus on training and inference of deep neural networks.\nIt was developed by the Google Brain team for Google's internal use in research and production. The initial version was released under the Apache License 2.0 in 2015. Google released an updated version, TensorFlow 2.0, in September 2019.\nTensorFlow can be used in a wide variety of programming languages, including Python, JavaScript, C++, and Java, facilitating its use in a range of applications in many sectors.\nHistory"]], "1_corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371171.7807, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "rightvote", "models": ["", ""], "ip": "", "0_conv_id": "71d57d5f535a41c88e5e78528fdab3e5", "0_model_name": "Alibaba-NLP/gte-Qwen2-7B-instruct", "0_prompt": "how many students study in paris", "0_output": [["how many students study in paris", "Haute-Savoie\n\nHistory The historical region of Savoy was governed by the House of Savoy, the ruling dynasty of Savoy from 1032 to 1860. The Duchy of Savoy were rulers of the Savoy region from 1416 to 1720.\nThe territory occupied by modern Haute-Savoie and the adjoining department of Savoie became part of the Kingdom of Sardinia after the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. Annexation of the region by France was formalised in the Treaty of Turin on March 24, 1860.\nFrom November 1942 to September 1943, Haute-Savoie was subjected to military occupation by Fascist Italy. The Maquis des Glières (a band of Free French Resistance fighters who opposed the Nazi, Vichy and Milice regimes during World War II) operated from Haute-Savoie. In the winter of 1943–1944, German troops burned down around 500 farms in response to French Resistance activities.\nPolitics\nDepartmental Council of Haute-Savoie\nThe Departmental Council of Haute-Savoie has 34 seats. As of 2020, fifteen councillors are part of the Haute-Savoie Union group (miscellaneous right), fourteen are part of the Avenir Haute-Savoie group (The Republicans) and five are part of the Union du Centre group (The Centrists). Martial Saddier had been President of the Departmental Council since 2021.\nRepresentation in Paris"]], "0_corpus": "wikipedia", "1_conv_id": "6aa4fdcd82294da0b200699015cc4f35", "1_model_name": "intfloat/multilingual-e5-large-instruct", "1_prompt": "how many students study in paris", "1_output": [["how many students study in paris", "Paris\n\nEducation Paris is the département with the highest proportion of highly educated people. In 2009, around 40 percent of Parisians held a licence-level diploma or higher, the highest proportion in France, while 13 percent have no diploma, the third-lowest percentage in France. Education in Paris and the Île-de-France region employs approximately 330,000 people, 170,000 of whom are teachers and professors teaching approximately 2.9 million students in around 9,000 primary, secondary, and higher education schools and institutions.\nThe University of Paris, founded in the 12th century, is often called the Sorbonne after one of its original medieval colleges. It was broken up into thirteen autonomous universities in 1970, following the student demonstrations in 1968. Most of the campuses today are in the Latin Quarter where the old university was located, while others are scattered around the city and the suburbs.\nThe Paris region hosts France's highest concentration of the grandes écoles – 55 specialised centres of higher-education outside or inside the public university structure. The prestigious public universities are usually considered grands établissements. Most of the grandes écoles were relocated to the suburbs of Paris in the 1960s and 1970s, in new campuses much larger than the old campuses within the crowded City of Paris, though the École Normale Supérieure, PSL University has remained on rue d'Ulm in the 5th arrondissement."]], "1_corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371192.4276, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "tievote", "models": ["", ""], "ip": "", "0_conv_id": "a118fb9ac0e04780985729d972b0b627", "0_model_name": "Salesforce/SFR-Embedding-2_R", "0_prompt": "how many students study in paris", "0_output": [["how many students study in paris", "Paris\n\nEducation Paris is the département with the highest proportion of highly educated people. In 2009, around 40 percent of Parisians held a licence-level diploma or higher, the highest proportion in France, while 13 percent have no diploma, the third-lowest percentage in France. Education in Paris and the Île-de-France region employs approximately 330,000 people, 170,000 of whom are teachers and professors teaching approximately 2.9 million students in around 9,000 primary, secondary, and higher education schools and institutions.\nThe University of Paris, founded in the 12th century, is often called the Sorbonne after one of its original medieval colleges. It was broken up into thirteen autonomous universities in 1970, following the student demonstrations in 1968. Most of the campuses today are in the Latin Quarter where the old university was located, while others are scattered around the city and the suburbs.\nThe Paris region hosts France's highest concentration of the grandes écoles – 55 specialised centres of higher-education outside or inside the public university structure. The prestigious public universities are usually considered grands établissements. Most of the grandes écoles were relocated to the suburbs of Paris in the 1960s and 1970s, in new campuses much larger than the old campuses within the crowded City of Paris, though the École Normale Supérieure, PSL University has remained on rue d'Ulm in the 5th arrondissement."]], "0_corpus": "wikipedia", "1_conv_id": "a44e2d7c0a1a4ce88d6eaae55711ec6b", "1_model_name": "intfloat/multilingual-e5-large-instruct", "1_prompt": "how many students study in paris", "1_output": [["how many students study in paris", "Paris\n\nEducation Paris is the département with the highest proportion of highly educated people. In 2009, around 40 percent of Parisians held a licence-level diploma or higher, the highest proportion in France, while 13 percent have no diploma, the third-lowest percentage in France. Education in Paris and the Île-de-France region employs approximately 330,000 people, 170,000 of whom are teachers and professors teaching approximately 2.9 million students in around 9,000 primary, secondary, and higher education schools and institutions.\nThe University of Paris, founded in the 12th century, is often called the Sorbonne after one of its original medieval colleges. It was broken up into thirteen autonomous universities in 1970, following the student demonstrations in 1968. Most of the campuses today are in the Latin Quarter where the old university was located, while others are scattered around the city and the suburbs.\nThe Paris region hosts France's highest concentration of the grandes écoles – 55 specialised centres of higher-education outside or inside the public university structure. The prestigious public universities are usually considered grands établissements. Most of the grandes écoles were relocated to the suburbs of Paris in the 1960s and 1970s, in new campuses much larger than the old campuses within the crowded City of Paris, though the École Normale Supérieure, PSL University has remained on rue d'Ulm in the 5th arrondissement."]], "1_corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371235.6994, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "leftvote", "models": ["", ""], "ip": "", "0_conv_id": "76d0b39e7d094c20a7254c7960395921", "0_model_name": "mixedbread-ai/mxbai-embed-large-v1", "0_prompt": "how many students study in london, ontario", "0_output": [["how many students study in london, ontario", "London, Ontario\n\nThe city is home to two post-secondary institutions: the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and Fanshawe College, a college of applied arts and technology. UWO, founded in 1878, has about 3,500 full-time faculty and staff members and almost 30,000 undergraduate and graduate students. The Richard Ivey School of Business, part of UWO, was formed in 1922. UWO has three affiliated colleges: Brescia University College, founded in 1919 (Canada's only university-level women's college); Huron University College, founded in 1863 (also the founding college of UWO) and King's University College, founded in 1954. All three are liberal arts colleges with religious affiliations: Huron with the Anglican Church of Canada, King's and Brescia with the Roman Catholic Church. London is also home to Lester B. Pearson School for the Arts one of few of its kind.\nFanshawe College has an enrollment of approximately 15,000 students, including 3,500 apprentices and over 500 international students from more than 30 countries. It also has almost 40,000 students in part-time continuing education courses.\nThe Ontario Institute of Audio Recording Technology (OIART), founded in 1983, offers recording studio experience for audio engineering students.\nWestervelt College is also in London. This private career college was founded in 1885 and offers several diploma programs."]], "0_corpus": "wikipedia", "1_conv_id": "620a2154a88c4781a74c3154b6eaec2e", "1_model_name": "sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2", "1_prompt": "how many students study in london, ontario", "1_output": [["how many students study in london, ontario", "London, Ontario\n\nLaw enforcement and crime the London Police Service (LPS) is headed by Chief of Police Thai Truong. He is supported by two deputy chiefs: Paul Bastien, in charge of operations, and Trish McIntyre, in charge of administration. The service is governed by a seven-member civilian police board, of which the current board chair is Ali Chabar, General Legal Counsel and Executive Officer with the Thames Valley District School Board c. As of December 2020, the LPS had the fewest police officers per capita in Southwestern Ontario. Its vehicles include light armoured vehicles donated by General Dynamics Land Systems, which the CBC observed in 2019 were rarely used.\nStatistics from police indicate that total overall crimes in London held steady between 2010 and 2016, at roughly 24,000 to 27,000 incidents per year. The majority of incidents are property crimes, with violent crimes dropping markedly (up to about 20%) between 2012 and 2014 but rising again in 2015–2016. In July 2018, Police Deputy Chief Steve Williams was quoted as saying many crimes go unreported to police. However, in 2021, the city surpassed its 2005 homicide record, with the city reporting 16 murders with a rate of 3.8 per 100,000 people.\nThe city has been home to several high-profile incidents over the years such as the Ontario Biker War and the London Conflict, it was also the location where most of the trial for the Shedden Massacre took place.\nResearch by Michael Andrew Arntfield, a police officer turned criminology professor, has determined that on a per-capita basis, London had more active serial killers than any locale in the world from 1959 to 1984. Arntfield determined there were at least six serial killers active in London during this era. Some went unidentified, but known killers in London included Russell Maurice Johnson, Gerald Thomas Archer, and Christian Magee."]], "1_corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371257.6949, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "rightvote", "models": ["", ""], "ip": "", "0_conv_id": "0b28e467a020442f91087d65bbfb71f5", "0_model_name": "nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5", "0_prompt": "how many students study in london, ontario", "0_output": [["how many students study in london, ontario", "London, Ontario\n\nLondon and the Thames were named after the English city and river in 1793 by John Graves Simcoe, who proposed the site for the capital city of Upper Canada. The first European settlement was between 1801 and 1804 by Peter Hagerman. The village was founded in 1826 and incorporated in 1855. Since then, London has grown to be the largest southwestern Ontario municipality and Canada's 11th largest metropolitan area, having annexed many of the smaller communities that surround it.\nLondon is a regional centre of healthcare and education, being home to the University of Western Ontario (which brands itself \"Western University\"), Fanshawe College, and three major hospitals: Victoria Hospital, University Hospital and St. Joseph's Hospital. The city hosts a number of musical and artistic exhibits and festivals, which contribute to its tourism industry, but its economic activity is centered on education, medical research, manufacturing, financial services, and information technology. London's university and hospitals are among its top ten employers. London lies at the junction of Highways 401 and 402, connecting it to Toronto, Windsor, and Sarnia. These highways also make the Detroit-Windsor, Port Huron-Sarnia, and Niagara Falls border crossings with the United States easily accessible. The city also has railway stations and bus stations and is home to the London International Airport."]], "0_corpus": "wikipedia", "1_conv_id": "c72b5719d892434a900668dbe4315b68", "1_model_name": "text-embedding-3-large", "1_prompt": "how many students study in london, ontario", "1_output": [["how many students study in london, ontario", "London, Ontario\n\nThe city is home to two post-secondary institutions: the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and Fanshawe College, a college of applied arts and technology. UWO, founded in 1878, has about 3,500 full-time faculty and staff members and almost 30,000 undergraduate and graduate students. The Richard Ivey School of Business, part of UWO, was formed in 1922. UWO has three affiliated colleges: Brescia University College, founded in 1919 (Canada's only university-level women's college); Huron University College, founded in 1863 (also the founding college of UWO) and King's University College, founded in 1954. All three are liberal arts colleges with religious affiliations: Huron with the Anglican Church of Canada, King's and Brescia with the Roman Catholic Church. London is also home to Lester B. Pearson School for the Arts one of few of its kind.\nFanshawe College has an enrollment of approximately 15,000 students, including 3,500 apprentices and over 500 international students from more than 30 countries. It also has almost 40,000 students in part-time continuing education courses.\nThe Ontario Institute of Audio Recording Technology (OIART), founded in 1983, offers recording studio experience for audio engineering students.\nWestervelt College is also in London. This private career college was founded in 1885 and offers several diploma programs."]], "1_corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371296.8238, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "bothbadvote", "models": ["", ""], "ip": "", "0_conv_id": "4905a770555f4862b8fd26cdd043220b", "0_model_name": "embed-english-v3.0", "0_prompt": "what is OIART", "0_output": [["what is OIART", "Rimegepant\n\nRimegepant, sold under the brand name Nurtec ODT among others, is a medication used for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults and the prophylactic/ preventive treatment of episodic migraine in adults. It is taken by mouth to dissolve on or under the tongue. It works by blocking CGRP receptors."]], "0_corpus": "wikipedia", "1_conv_id": "89c12483486d4c26a2305956f6bd1ef3", "1_model_name": "nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5", "1_prompt": "what is OIART", "1_output": [["what is OIART", "Oirats\n\nOirats (, Oirad, ) or Oirds (, Oird; ; , Wǎlà/Wǎlā), also formerly Eluts and Eleuths (, Èlǔtè), are the westernmost group of the Mongols whose ancestral home is in the Altai region of Siberia, Xinjiang and western Mongolia.\nThe first documented reference to Elut and Yelut was in the Onginsk \"rune\" inscriptions dated in the sixth century. Historically, the Oirats were composed of four major tribes: Dzungar (Choros or Olots/Elut/Yelut/Èlǔtè), Torghut, Dörbet and Khoshut.\nThe political elite of the Rouran and Tobgach empires were YELÜ-T Mongolic speakers. Although these two empires encompassed multilingual populations, the language of diplomacy, trade, and culture was an ÖLÜ (YELÜ) dialect of ancient Mongolic descent. When the Tobgach destroyed the Rouran Empire, the Mongolic-speaking Avar people escaped into the Caspian steppes.\nThis displacement triggered a series of events. Settling in the Caucasus around 558, the Mongolic Avars intervened in Germanic tribal conflicts, forming alliances such as with the Lombards to overthrow the Gepidae, who were Byzantine allies. Between 550 and 575, they solidified their presence by establishing the Khanate of the Mongolic Avars (6th to 8th century) in the Caspian and Hungarian steppes.\nThe modern Kalmyks of Kalmykia on the Caspian Sea in southeastern Europe are Oirats."]], "1_corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722370841.8196, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "GritLM/GritLM-7B", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722370839.6311, "finish": 1722370841.8196, "ip": "", "conv_id": "ae59ce754bc84ed3a34adc531b058d3c", "model_name": "GritLM/GritLM-7B", "prompt": "Explain GraphRAG and it's benefits and drawbacks vs standard RAG", "output": [["Explain GraphRAG and it's benefits and drawbacks vs standard RAG", "Title: Don't Forget to Connect! Improving RAG with Graph-based Reranking\n\nAbstract: Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has greatly improved the performance of Large Language Model (LLM) responses by grounding generation with context from existing documents. These systems work well when documents are clearly relevant to a question context. But what about when a document has partial information, or less obvious connections to the context? And how should we reason about connections between documents? In this work, we seek to answer these two core questions about RAG generation. We introduce G-RAG, a reranker based on graph neural networks (GNNs) between the retriever and reader in RAG. Our method combines both connections between documents and semantic information (via Abstract Meaning Representation graphs) to provide a context-informed ranker for RAG. G-RAG outperforms state-of-the-art approaches while having smaller computational footprint. Additionally, we assess the performance of PaLM 2 as a reranker and find it to significantly underperform G-RAG. This result emphasizes the importance of reranking for RAG even when using Large Language Models."]], "corpus": "arxiv"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371016.092, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "mixedbread-ai/mxbai-embed-large-v1", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722371013.8544, "finish": 1722371016.092, "ip": "", "conv_id": "c52fa11dbc924d5b9006f7ce087ccd38", "model_name": "mixedbread-ai/mxbai-embed-large-v1", "prompt": "Capital of france", "output": [["Capital of france", "List of capitals of France\n\nThis is a chronological list of capitals of France. The capital of France has been Paris since its liberation in 1944."]], "corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371016.092, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "GritLM/GritLM-7B", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722371013.8544, "finish": 1722371016.092, "ip": "", "conv_id": "c6d07e14b3cb44b7bb1da9f498d186d9", "model_name": "GritLM/GritLM-7B", "prompt": "Capital of france", "output": [["Capital of france", "List of capitals of France\n\nThis is a chronological list of capitals of France. The capital of France has been Paris since its liberation in 1944."]], "corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722370841.8196, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "GritLM/GritLM-7B", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722370839.6311, "finish": 1722370841.8196, "ip": "", "conv_id": "ae59ce754bc84ed3a34adc531b058d3c", "model_name": "GritLM/GritLM-7B", "prompt": "Explain GraphRAG and it's benefits and drawbacks vs standard RAG", "output": [["Explain GraphRAG and it's benefits and drawbacks vs standard RAG", "Title: Don't Forget to Connect! Improving RAG with Graph-based Reranking\n\nAbstract: Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has greatly improved the performance of Large Language Model (LLM) responses by grounding generation with context from existing documents. These systems work well when documents are clearly relevant to a question context. But what about when a document has partial information, or less obvious connections to the context? And how should we reason about connections between documents? In this work, we seek to answer these two core questions about RAG generation. We introduce G-RAG, a reranker based on graph neural networks (GNNs) between the retriever and reader in RAG. Our method combines both connections between documents and semantic information (via Abstract Meaning Representation graphs) to provide a context-informed ranker for RAG. G-RAG outperforms state-of-the-art approaches while having smaller computational footprint. Additionally, we assess the performance of PaLM 2 as a reranker and find it to significantly underperform G-RAG. This result emphasizes the importance of reranking for RAG even when using Large Language Models."]], "corpus": "arxiv"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371016.092, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "mixedbread-ai/mxbai-embed-large-v1", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722371013.8544, "finish": 1722371016.092, "ip": "", "conv_id": "c52fa11dbc924d5b9006f7ce087ccd38", "model_name": "mixedbread-ai/mxbai-embed-large-v1", "prompt": "Capital of france", "output": [["Capital of france", "List of capitals of France\n\nThis is a chronological list of capitals of France. The capital of France has been Paris since its liberation in 1944."]], "corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371016.092, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "GritLM/GritLM-7B", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722371013.8544, "finish": 1722371016.092, "ip": "", "conv_id": "c6d07e14b3cb44b7bb1da9f498d186d9", "model_name": "GritLM/GritLM-7B", "prompt": "Capital of france", "output": [["Capital of france", "List of capitals of France\n\nThis is a chronological list of capitals of France. The capital of France has been Paris since its liberation in 1944."]], "corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371066.86, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "GritLM/GritLM-7B", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722371064.544, "finish": 1722371066.86, "ip": "", "conv_id": "00ac27113a0b44e1a143ea9b821011ed", "model_name": "GritLM/GritLM-7B", "prompt": "who created tensorflow", "output": [["who created tensorflow", "TensorFlow\n\nTensorFlow is a free and open-source software library for machine learning and artificial intelligence. It can be used across a range of tasks but has a particular focus on training and inference of deep neural networks.\nIt was developed by the Google Brain team for Google's internal use in research and production. The initial version was released under the Apache License 2.0 in 2015. Google released an updated version, TensorFlow 2.0, in September 2019.\nTensorFlow can be used in a wide variety of programming languages, including Python, JavaScript, C++, and Java, facilitating its use in a range of applications in many sectors.\nHistory"]], "corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371066.86, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "intfloat/e5-mistral-7b-instruct", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722371064.544, "finish": 1722371066.86, "ip": "", "conv_id": "f227b1ed4d0b45b195f2e6a34a4a90ad", "model_name": "intfloat/e5-mistral-7b-instruct", "prompt": "who created tensorflow", "output": [["who created tensorflow", "TensorFlow\n\nTensorFlow is a free and open-source software library for machine learning and artificial intelligence. It can be used across a range of tasks but has a particular focus on training and inference of deep neural networks.\nIt was developed by the Google Brain team for Google's internal use in research and production. The initial version was released under the Apache License 2.0 in 2015. Google released an updated version, TensorFlow 2.0, in September 2019.\nTensorFlow can be used in a wide variety of programming languages, including Python, JavaScript, C++, and Java, facilitating its use in a range of applications in many sectors.\nHistory"]], "corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371072.0871, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722371069.9679, "finish": 1722371072.0871, "ip": "", "conv_id": "a07829582cc340e98ff12fe3be82fffc", "model_name": "sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2", "prompt": "Who is Aditya Kusupati? ", "output": [["Who is Aditya Kusupati? ", "Title: The State of the Art Forensic Techniques in Mobile Cloud Environment: A Survey, Challenges and Current Trends\n\nAbstract: Smartphones have become popular in recent days due to the accessibility of a wide range of applications. These sophisticated applications demand more computing resources in a resource constraint smartphone. Cloud computing is the motivating factor for the progress of these applications. The emerging mobile cloud computing introduces a new architecture to offload smartphone and utilize cloud computing technology to solve resource requirements. The popularity of mobile cloud computing is an opportunity for misuse and unlawful activities. Therefore, it is a challenging platform for digital forensic investigations due to the non-availability of methodologies, tools and techniques. The aim of this work is to analyze the forensic tools and methodologies for crime investigation in a mobile cloud platform as it poses challenges in proving the evidence. The advancement of forensic tools and methodologies are much slower than the current technology development in mobile cloud computing. Thus, forces the available tools, and techniques become increasingly obsolete. Therefore, it opens up the door for the new forensic tools and techniques to cope up with recent developments. Hence, this work presents a detailed survey of forensic methodology and corresponding issues in a mobile device, cloud environment, and mobile cloud applications. It mainly focuses on digital forensic issues related to mobile cloud applications and also analyze the scope, challenges and opportunities. Finally, this work reviewed the forensic procedures of two cloud storage services used for mobile cloud applications such as Dropbox and SkyDrive."]], "corpus": "arxiv"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371072.0871, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "GritLM/GritLM-7B", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722371069.9679, "finish": 1722371072.0871, "ip": "", "conv_id": "b79c9a24688048e8b6b8812e8ebe6bd8", "model_name": "GritLM/GritLM-7B", "prompt": "Who is Aditya Kusupati? ", "output": [["Who is Aditya Kusupati? ", "Title: Bipartita: Physics, Geometry & Number Theory\n\nAbstract: Bipartite graphs, especially drawn on Riemann surfaces, have of late assumed an active role in theoretical physics, ranging from MHV scattering amplitudes to brane tilings, from dimer models and topological strings to toric AdS/CFT, from matrix models to dessins d'enfants in gauge theory. Here, we take a brief and casual promenade in the realm of brane tilings, quiver SUSY gauge theories and dessins, serving as a rapid introduction to the reader."]], "corpus": "arxiv"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371085.0686, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722371082.597, "finish": 1722371085.0686, "ip": "", "conv_id": "ff90387a680542279416f37157671099", "model_name": "BAAI/bge-large-en-v1.5", "prompt": "who created tensorflow", "output": [["who created tensorflow", "Neural network (machine learning)\n\nthe reverse mode of automatic differentiation or reverse accumulation, due to Seppo Linnainmaa (1970). The term \"back-propagating errors\" was introduced in 1962 by Frank Rosenblatt, but he did not have an implementation of this procedure, although Henry J. Kelley and Bryson had dynamic programming based continuous precursors of backpropagation already in 1960–61 in the context of control theory.\nIn 1973, Dreyfus used backpropagation to adapt parameters of controllers in proportion to error gradients.\nIn 1982, Paul Werbos applied backpropagation to MLPs in the way that has become standard. In 1986 Rumelhart, Hinton and Williams showed that backpropagation learned interesting internal representations of words as feature vectors when trained to predict the next word in a sequence.\nIn the late 1970s to early 1980s, interest briefly emerged in theoretically investigating the Ising model created by Wilhelm Lenz (1920) and Ernst Ising (1925)\nin relation to .\nThe Ising model is essentially a non-learning artificial recurrent neural network (RNN) consisting of neuron-like threshold elements.\nIn 1972, Shun'ichi Amari described an adaptive version of this architecture,\nIn 1981, the Ising model was solved exactly by Peter Barth for the general case of closed Cayley trees (with loops) with an arbitrary branching ratio\nand found to exhibit unusual phase transition behavior in its local-apex and long-range site-site correlations.\nJohn Hopfield popularised this architecture in 1982,\nand it is now known as a Hopfield network."]], "corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371085.0686, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "voyage-multilingual-2", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722371082.597, "finish": 1722371085.0686, "ip": "", "conv_id": "8bc41a01146c44a78761ed29c07e6521", "model_name": "voyage-multilingual-2", "prompt": "who created tensorflow", "output": [["who created tensorflow", "TensorFlow\n\nTensorFlow is a free and open-source software library for machine learning and artificial intelligence. It can be used across a range of tasks but has a particular focus on training and inference of deep neural networks.\nIt was developed by the Google Brain team for Google's internal use in research and production. The initial version was released under the Apache License 2.0 in 2015. Google released an updated version, TensorFlow 2.0, in September 2019.\nTensorFlow can be used in a wide variety of programming languages, including Python, JavaScript, C++, and Java, facilitating its use in a range of applications in many sectors.\nHistory"]], "corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371117.5035, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722371115.162, "finish": 1722371117.5035, "ip": "", "conv_id": "d223c258864240748c9f3fa96b4ffdf6", "model_name": "sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2", "prompt": "who created tensorflow", "output": [["who created tensorflow", "TensorFlow\n\nIn May 2019, Google announced TensorFlow Graphics for deep learning in computer graphics.\nTensor processing unit (TPU)\nIn May 2016, Google announced its Tensor processing unit (TPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC, a hardware chip) built specifically for machine learning and tailored for TensorFlow. A TPU is a programmable AI accelerator designed to provide high throughput of low-precision arithmetic (e.g., 8-bit), and oriented toward using or running models rather than training them. Google announced they had been running TPUs inside their data centers for more than a year, and had found them to deliver an order of magnitude better-optimized performance per watt for machine learning.\nIn May 2017, Google announced the second-generation, as well as the availability of the TPUs in Google Compute Engine. The second-generation TPUs deliver up to 180 teraflops of performance, and when organized into clusters of 64 TPUs, provide up to 11.5 petaflops.\nIn May 2018, Google announced the third-generation TPUs delivering up to 420 teraflops of performance and 128 GB high bandwidth memory (HBM). Cloud TPU v3 Pods offer 100+ petaflops of performance and 32 TB HBM.\nIn February 2018, Google announced that they were making TPUs available in beta on the Google Cloud Platform."]], "corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371117.5035, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "embed-english-v3.0", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722371115.162, "finish": 1722371117.5035, "ip": "", "conv_id": "0718fa725f8a4093a6719d59289c7d87", "model_name": "embed-english-v3.0", "prompt": "who created tensorflow", "output": [["who created tensorflow", "TensorFlow\n\nTensorFlow is a free and open-source software library for machine learning and artificial intelligence. It can be used across a range of tasks but has a particular focus on training and inference of deep neural networks.\nIt was developed by the Google Brain team for Google's internal use in research and production. The initial version was released under the Apache License 2.0 in 2015. Google released an updated version, TensorFlow 2.0, in September 2019.\nTensorFlow can be used in a wide variety of programming languages, including Python, JavaScript, C++, and Java, facilitating its use in a range of applications in many sectors.\nHistory"]], "corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371154.7429, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "Alibaba-NLP/gte-Qwen2-7B-instruct", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722371154.2446, "finish": 1722371154.7429, "ip": "", "conv_id": "71d57d5f535a41c88e5e78528fdab3e5", "model_name": "Alibaba-NLP/gte-Qwen2-7B-instruct", "prompt": "how many students study in paris", "output": [["how many students study in paris", "Haute-Savoie\n\nHistory The historical region of Savoy was governed by the House of Savoy, the ruling dynasty of Savoy from 1032 to 1860. The Duchy of Savoy were rulers of the Savoy region from 1416 to 1720.\nThe territory occupied by modern Haute-Savoie and the adjoining department of Savoie became part of the Kingdom of Sardinia after the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. Annexation of the region by France was formalised in the Treaty of Turin on March 24, 1860.\nFrom November 1942 to September 1943, Haute-Savoie was subjected to military occupation by Fascist Italy. The Maquis des Glières (a band of Free French Resistance fighters who opposed the Nazi, Vichy and Milice regimes during World War II) operated from Haute-Savoie. In the winter of 1943–1944, German troops burned down around 500 farms in response to French Resistance activities.\nPolitics\nDepartmental Council of Haute-Savoie\nThe Departmental Council of Haute-Savoie has 34 seats. As of 2020, fifteen councillors are part of the Haute-Savoie Union group (miscellaneous right), fourteen are part of the Avenir Haute-Savoie group (The Republicans) and five are part of the Union du Centre group (The Centrists). Martial Saddier had been President of the Departmental Council since 2021.\nRepresentation in Paris"]], "corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371154.7429, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "intfloat/multilingual-e5-large-instruct", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722371154.2446, "finish": 1722371154.7429, "ip": "", "conv_id": "6aa4fdcd82294da0b200699015cc4f35", "model_name": "intfloat/multilingual-e5-large-instruct", "prompt": "how many students study in paris", "output": [["how many students study in paris", "Paris\n\nEducation Paris is the département with the highest proportion of highly educated people. In 2009, around 40 percent of Parisians held a licence-level diploma or higher, the highest proportion in France, while 13 percent have no diploma, the third-lowest percentage in France. Education in Paris and the Île-de-France region employs approximately 330,000 people, 170,000 of whom are teachers and professors teaching approximately 2.9 million students in around 9,000 primary, secondary, and higher education schools and institutions.\nThe University of Paris, founded in the 12th century, is often called the Sorbonne after one of its original medieval colleges. It was broken up into thirteen autonomous universities in 1970, following the student demonstrations in 1968. Most of the campuses today are in the Latin Quarter where the old university was located, while others are scattered around the city and the suburbs.\nThe Paris region hosts France's highest concentration of the grandes écoles – 55 specialised centres of higher-education outside or inside the public university structure. The prestigious public universities are usually considered grands établissements. Most of the grandes écoles were relocated to the suburbs of Paris in the 1960s and 1970s, in new campuses much larger than the old campuses within the crowded City of Paris, though the École Normale Supérieure, PSL University has remained on rue d'Ulm in the 5th arrondissement."]], "corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371184.3215, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "Salesforce/SFR-Embedding-2_R", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722371184.0103, "finish": 1722371184.3215, "ip": "", "conv_id": "a118fb9ac0e04780985729d972b0b627", "model_name": "Salesforce/SFR-Embedding-2_R", "prompt": "how many students study in paris", "output": [["how many students study in paris", "Paris\n\nEducation Paris is the département with the highest proportion of highly educated people. In 2009, around 40 percent of Parisians held a licence-level diploma or higher, the highest proportion in France, while 13 percent have no diploma, the third-lowest percentage in France. Education in Paris and the Île-de-France region employs approximately 330,000 people, 170,000 of whom are teachers and professors teaching approximately 2.9 million students in around 9,000 primary, secondary, and higher education schools and institutions.\nThe University of Paris, founded in the 12th century, is often called the Sorbonne after one of its original medieval colleges. It was broken up into thirteen autonomous universities in 1970, following the student demonstrations in 1968. Most of the campuses today are in the Latin Quarter where the old university was located, while others are scattered around the city and the suburbs.\nThe Paris region hosts France's highest concentration of the grandes écoles – 55 specialised centres of higher-education outside or inside the public university structure. The prestigious public universities are usually considered grands établissements. Most of the grandes écoles were relocated to the suburbs of Paris in the 1960s and 1970s, in new campuses much larger than the old campuses within the crowded City of Paris, though the École Normale Supérieure, PSL University has remained on rue d'Ulm in the 5th arrondissement."]], "corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371184.3215, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "intfloat/multilingual-e5-large-instruct", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722371184.0103, "finish": 1722371184.3215, "ip": "", "conv_id": "a44e2d7c0a1a4ce88d6eaae55711ec6b", "model_name": "intfloat/multilingual-e5-large-instruct", "prompt": "how many students study in paris", "output": [["how many students study in paris", "Paris\n\nEducation Paris is the département with the highest proportion of highly educated people. In 2009, around 40 percent of Parisians held a licence-level diploma or higher, the highest proportion in France, while 13 percent have no diploma, the third-lowest percentage in France. Education in Paris and the Île-de-France region employs approximately 330,000 people, 170,000 of whom are teachers and professors teaching approximately 2.9 million students in around 9,000 primary, secondary, and higher education schools and institutions.\nThe University of Paris, founded in the 12th century, is often called the Sorbonne after one of its original medieval colleges. It was broken up into thirteen autonomous universities in 1970, following the student demonstrations in 1968. Most of the campuses today are in the Latin Quarter where the old university was located, while others are scattered around the city and the suburbs.\nThe Paris region hosts France's highest concentration of the grandes écoles – 55 specialised centres of higher-education outside or inside the public university structure. The prestigious public universities are usually considered grands établissements. Most of the grandes écoles were relocated to the suburbs of Paris in the 1960s and 1970s, in new campuses much larger than the old campuses within the crowded City of Paris, though the École Normale Supérieure, PSL University has remained on rue d'Ulm in the 5th arrondissement."]], "corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371222.821, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "mixedbread-ai/mxbai-embed-large-v1", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722371222.6821, "finish": 1722371222.821, "ip": "", "conv_id": "76d0b39e7d094c20a7254c7960395921", "model_name": "mixedbread-ai/mxbai-embed-large-v1", "prompt": "how many students study in london, ontario", "output": [["how many students study in london, ontario", "London, Ontario\n\nThe city is home to two post-secondary institutions: the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and Fanshawe College, a college of applied arts and technology. UWO, founded in 1878, has about 3,500 full-time faculty and staff members and almost 30,000 undergraduate and graduate students. The Richard Ivey School of Business, part of UWO, was formed in 1922. UWO has three affiliated colleges: Brescia University College, founded in 1919 (Canada's only university-level women's college); Huron University College, founded in 1863 (also the founding college of UWO) and King's University College, founded in 1954. All three are liberal arts colleges with religious affiliations: Huron with the Anglican Church of Canada, King's and Brescia with the Roman Catholic Church. London is also home to Lester B. Pearson School for the Arts one of few of its kind.\nFanshawe College has an enrollment of approximately 15,000 students, including 3,500 apprentices and over 500 international students from more than 30 countries. It also has almost 40,000 students in part-time continuing education courses.\nThe Ontario Institute of Audio Recording Technology (OIART), founded in 1983, offers recording studio experience for audio engineering students.\nWestervelt College is also in London. This private career college was founded in 1885 and offers several diploma programs."]], "corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371222.821, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722371222.6821, "finish": 1722371222.821, "ip": "", "conv_id": "620a2154a88c4781a74c3154b6eaec2e", "model_name": "sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2", "prompt": "how many students study in london, ontario", "output": [["how many students study in london, ontario", "London, Ontario\n\nLaw enforcement and crime the London Police Service (LPS) is headed by Chief of Police Thai Truong. He is supported by two deputy chiefs: Paul Bastien, in charge of operations, and Trish McIntyre, in charge of administration. The service is governed by a seven-member civilian police board, of which the current board chair is Ali Chabar, General Legal Counsel and Executive Officer with the Thames Valley District School Board c. As of December 2020, the LPS had the fewest police officers per capita in Southwestern Ontario. Its vehicles include light armoured vehicles donated by General Dynamics Land Systems, which the CBC observed in 2019 were rarely used.\nStatistics from police indicate that total overall crimes in London held steady between 2010 and 2016, at roughly 24,000 to 27,000 incidents per year. The majority of incidents are property crimes, with violent crimes dropping markedly (up to about 20%) between 2012 and 2014 but rising again in 2015–2016. In July 2018, Police Deputy Chief Steve Williams was quoted as saying many crimes go unreported to police. However, in 2021, the city surpassed its 2005 homicide record, with the city reporting 16 murders with a rate of 3.8 per 100,000 people.\nThe city has been home to several high-profile incidents over the years such as the Ontario Biker War and the London Conflict, it was also the location where most of the trial for the Shedden Massacre took place.\nResearch by Michael Andrew Arntfield, a police officer turned criminology professor, has determined that on a per-capita basis, London had more active serial killers than any locale in the world from 1959 to 1984. Arntfield determined there were at least six serial killers active in London during this era. Some went unidentified, but known killers in London included Russell Maurice Johnson, Gerald Thomas Archer, and Christian Magee."]], "corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371247.3561, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722371246.7232, "finish": 1722371247.3561, "ip": "", "conv_id": "0b28e467a020442f91087d65bbfb71f5", "model_name": "nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5", "prompt": "how many students study in london, ontario", "output": [["how many students study in london, ontario", "London, Ontario\n\nLondon and the Thames were named after the English city and river in 1793 by John Graves Simcoe, who proposed the site for the capital city of Upper Canada. The first European settlement was between 1801 and 1804 by Peter Hagerman. The village was founded in 1826 and incorporated in 1855. Since then, London has grown to be the largest southwestern Ontario municipality and Canada's 11th largest metropolitan area, having annexed many of the smaller communities that surround it.\nLondon is a regional centre of healthcare and education, being home to the University of Western Ontario (which brands itself \"Western University\"), Fanshawe College, and three major hospitals: Victoria Hospital, University Hospital and St. Joseph's Hospital. The city hosts a number of musical and artistic exhibits and festivals, which contribute to its tourism industry, but its economic activity is centered on education, medical research, manufacturing, financial services, and information technology. London's university and hospitals are among its top ten employers. London lies at the junction of Highways 401 and 402, connecting it to Toronto, Windsor, and Sarnia. These highways also make the Detroit-Windsor, Port Huron-Sarnia, and Niagara Falls border crossings with the United States easily accessible. The city also has railway stations and bus stations and is home to the London International Airport."]], "corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371247.3561, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "text-embedding-3-large", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722371246.7232, "finish": 1722371247.3561, "ip": "", "conv_id": "c72b5719d892434a900668dbe4315b68", "model_name": "text-embedding-3-large", "prompt": "how many students study in london, ontario", "output": [["how many students study in london, ontario", "London, Ontario\n\nThe city is home to two post-secondary institutions: the University of Western Ontario (UWO) and Fanshawe College, a college of applied arts and technology. UWO, founded in 1878, has about 3,500 full-time faculty and staff members and almost 30,000 undergraduate and graduate students. The Richard Ivey School of Business, part of UWO, was formed in 1922. UWO has three affiliated colleges: Brescia University College, founded in 1919 (Canada's only university-level women's college); Huron University College, founded in 1863 (also the founding college of UWO) and King's University College, founded in 1954. All three are liberal arts colleges with religious affiliations: Huron with the Anglican Church of Canada, King's and Brescia with the Roman Catholic Church. London is also home to Lester B. Pearson School for the Arts one of few of its kind.\nFanshawe College has an enrollment of approximately 15,000 students, including 3,500 apprentices and over 500 international students from more than 30 countries. It also has almost 40,000 students in part-time continuing education courses.\nThe Ontario Institute of Audio Recording Technology (OIART), founded in 1983, offers recording studio experience for audio engineering students.\nWestervelt College is also in London. This private career college was founded in 1885 and offers several diploma programs."]], "corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371291.0746, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "embed-english-v3.0", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722371290.8614, "finish": 1722371291.0746, "ip": "", "conv_id": "4905a770555f4862b8fd26cdd043220b", "model_name": "embed-english-v3.0", "prompt": "what is OIART", "output": [["what is OIART", "Rimegepant\n\nRimegepant, sold under the brand name Nurtec ODT among others, is a medication used for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults and the prophylactic/ preventive treatment of episodic migraine in adults. It is taken by mouth to dissolve on or under the tongue. It works by blocking CGRP receptors."]], "corpus": "wikipedia"}
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{"tstamp": 1722371291.0746, "task_type": "retrieval", "type": "chat", "model": "nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5", "gen_params": {}, "start": 1722371290.8614, "finish": 1722371291.0746, "ip": "", "conv_id": "89c12483486d4c26a2305956f6bd1ef3", "model_name": "nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5", "prompt": "what is OIART", "output": [["what is OIART", "Oirats\n\nOirats (, Oirad, ) or Oirds (, Oird; ; , Wǎlà/Wǎlā), also formerly Eluts and Eleuths (, Èlǔtè), are the westernmost group of the Mongols whose ancestral home is in the Altai region of Siberia, Xinjiang and western Mongolia.\nThe first documented reference to Elut and Yelut was in the Onginsk \"rune\" inscriptions dated in the sixth century. Historically, the Oirats were composed of four major tribes: Dzungar (Choros or Olots/Elut/Yelut/Èlǔtè), Torghut, Dörbet and Khoshut.\nThe political elite of the Rouran and Tobgach empires were YELÜ-T Mongolic speakers. Although these two empires encompassed multilingual populations, the language of diplomacy, trade, and culture was an ÖLÜ (YELÜ) dialect of ancient Mongolic descent. When the Tobgach destroyed the Rouran Empire, the Mongolic-speaking Avar people escaped into the Caspian steppes.\nThis displacement triggered a series of events. Settling in the Caucasus around 558, the Mongolic Avars intervened in Germanic tribal conflicts, forming alliances such as with the Lombards to overthrow the Gepidae, who were Byzantine allies. Between 550 and 575, they solidified their presence by establishing the Khanate of the Mongolic Avars (6th to 8th century) in the Caspian and Hungarian steppes.\nThe modern Kalmyks of Kalmykia on the Caspian Sea in southeastern Europe are Oirats."]], "corpus": "wikipedia"}
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