The formation Bildzmg of such a circle as would give the will an ethical justification for disposing of resources in this way especially in so far as the very act of forming this circle has testamentary implications involves so much contingency, arbitrariness, intent to pursue selfish ends, etc., that the ethi cal moment is extremely vague; and the recognition that the arbitrary will is entitled to make bequests is much more likely to lead to infringements of ethical relations and to base aspirations and equally base attachments, and to provide an oppor tunity and justification for foolish arbitrariness and for the insidious practice of attaching to so called benefactions and gifts vain and oppressively vexatious conditions which come into effect after the benefactor's death, in which event his property in any case ceases to be his.