Under this influence, each parish has a pecuniary interest in reducing to a minimum the number of its resident labourers: for, unhappily, agricultural labour instead of implying a safe and permanent independence for the hardworking labourer and his family, implies for the most part only a longer or shorter circuit to eventual pauperism a pauperism which, during the whole circuit, is so near, that any illness or temporary failure of occupation necessitates immediate recourse to parochial relief and thus all residence of agricultural population in a parish is glaringly an addition to its poor rates.