that a cause is that which makes any other thing, either simple idea, substance, or mode, begin to be; and an effect is that which had its beginning from some other thing; the mind finds no great difficulty to distinguish the several originals of things into two sorts: First, When the thing is wholly made new, so that no part thereof did ever exist before; as when a new particle of matter doth begin to exist, which had before no being, and this we call.