Accordingly, although there is a well established and precise difference between chemical affinity in a series of quantitative ratios and elective affinity as an emerging qualitative determinateness, the behavior of which in no way coincides with the order of that series, this difference has again been thrown into utter confusion by the way in which chemical behavior has in recent times been combined with electrical behavior, and the hope of explaining from this supposedly profounder principle the most important of relations, that of measure, has been wholly disappointed.