All of modern philosophy, in the original sense of a universal ultimately grounding science, is, according to our presentation, at least since Kant and Hume, a single struggle between two ideas of science: the idea of an objectivistic philosophy on the ground of the pregiven world and the idea of a philosophy on the ground of absolute, transcendental subjectivity the latter being something completely new and strange historically, breaking through in Berkeley, Hume, and Kant.