Posted by Adam Langley, Security Engineer Late on December 3rd, we became aware of unauthorized digital certificates for several Google domains. We investigated immediately and found the certificate was issued by an intermediate certificate authority (CA) linking back to ANSSI, a French certificate authority. Intermediate CA certificates carry the full authority of the CA, so anyone who has one can use it to create a certificate for any website they wish to impersonate. In response, we updated Chrome’s certificate revocation metadata immediately to block that intermediate CA, and then alerted ANSSI and other browser vendors. Our actions addressed the immediate problem for our users. ANSSI has found that the intermediate CA certificate was used in a commercial device, on a private network, to inspect encrypted traffic with the knowledge of the users on that network. This was a violation of their procedures and they have asked for the certificate in question to be revoked by browsers. We updated Chrome’s revocation metadata again to implement this. This incident represents a serious breach and demonstrates why Certificate Transparency, which we developed in 2011 and have been advocating for since, is so critical. Since our priority is the security and privacy of our users, we are carefully considering what additional actions may be necessary. [Update December 12: We have decided that the ANSSI certificate authority will be limited to the following top-level domains in a future version of Chrome:  .fr  .gp (Guadeloupe)  .gf (Guyane)  .mq (Martinique)  .re (Réunion)  .yt (Mayotte)  .pm (Saint-Pierre et Miquelon)  .bl (Saint Barthélemy)  .mf (Saint Martin)  .wf (Wallis et Futuna)  .pf (Polynésie française)  .nc (Nouvelle Calédonie)  .tf (Terres australes et antarctiques françaises)] 