Hon JAN TINETTI (Minister of Internal Affairs): Cabinet was advised in 2019 when agreement was sought from New Zealand to accede to MARPOL Annex VI that November 2021 would be a realistic time frame for New Zealand to accede. This provided a reasonable balance between competing stakeholder views, some of which asked for earlier accession; some later. It was also thought that accession at the time would insulate New Zealand ships from any initial price spikes that were expected. 