The above facts make the maritime security environment very complex and dynamic for New Zealand, and we must face it by establishing a comprehensive regime for the exercise of law enforcement powers in the oceans and sea. This means that our critical jurisdiction often extends outside of New Zealand to make sure that we can detect, disrupt, and prosecute criminal activities. It is also our law enforcement agencies—such as the police, the New Zealand Defence Force, customs, and the Department of Conservation. So that these agencies can be able to do their job, the law enforcement agencies must be provided with clear powers to enforce New Zealand's criminal law in international waters and uphold New Zealand's rights and obligations under international law. 