According to their Treaty settlement Act, "By 1840 Ngati Toa … had established a powerful position in the Cook Strait region with settlements in the lower North Island and upper South Island … Several Ngati Toa Rangatira chiefs, including Te Rauparaha and Te Rangihaeata, signed the Treaty of Waitangi. … In 1839, Ngati Toa Rangatira signed the Kapiti deed with the New Zealand Company for approximately 20 million acres between Taranaki and north Canterbury. The oral translation of the English deed [like the Treaty] did not accurately convey its meaning and effect." This led to the opposition of the New Zealand Company surveys in Wairau. "In 1843, an attempt by an armed party of Nelson settlers to arrest Te Rauparaha and Te Rangihaeata resulted in a violent clash and the deaths of twenty-two Europeans and up to nine Maori."