There is also a risk that the overall supply of EVs to New Zealand may be reduced for the next five to eight years as we compete with Australia for a relatively small number of vehicles available in the right-hand drive configuration, as also used in Japan, the UK, and in many other countries. Manufacturers currently supply new vehicles from factories configured in the 2015 to 2020 period, and those models will continue to be produced until around 2028 to 2030. Design for new production configurations is under way by manufacturers across the world, with higher production of EVs due to enter the new vehicle market in greater volumes from the late 2020s. This means that second-hand EVs will be only available to New Zealand from those models from the mid-2030s, around five to six years after they are sold as new.