The bill does not require warrants for the exercise of enforcement powers. This is also consistent with the approach of existing domestic legislation which confers comparable powers in international waters that are able to be exercised without warrant, including the Fisheries Act, the Maritime Crimes Act, and the Customs and Excise Act. It also recognises that exercising enforcement powers in the maritime environment, often at considerable distance from New Zealand, is complex and entails specific risks and challenges in relation to safety of life at sea, the preservation of evidence, and the identification of vessels. It also requires warrants for foreign ships would not be compatible with international law. 