I do note the submission from the New Zealand Educational Institute, who said that the "Private provision has been shown to encourage a 'race to the bottom' around wages and working conditions, opening a wide pay gap between teachers in early learning and their colleagues with the same qualification in the schooling sector. This has created barriers to the provision of quality early learning and has contributed to a critical shortage of teachers in the sector. This is confirmed by the experiences of teachers in private early learning over the past few decades, as well as a proliferation of research reports and reviews identifying the failures of market-based provision." 