Hon CHRIS HIPKINS: This work addresses concern that has been raised that some schools and services may be reluctant to maintain effective natural ventilation during winter due to potential heat loss. The Ministry of Education has researched international best practice and conducted joint studies of classroom ventilation with the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, and they've worked with the University of Canterbury to estimate potential heat loss due to improved ventilation. Good ventilation over winter can lead to some additional heat loss and higher heating bills. The winter energy payments that we're making to schools will help to reassure schools and early childhood services that they can balance heating and ventilation while COVID-19 continues to circulate widely within the community without unaffordable energy bills. 