This bill wouldn't have happened if it hadn't been for the work of Dr Glenn Simmons and the Auckland University business school and their exposure of the scale of dumping and high-grading in New Zealand fisheries. Their work, released in May 2016, really brought to public attention the fact that fish of low economic value were routinely being dumped overboard by fishers as they sought to target species of a higher value, higher grade, or avoid having to pay the deemed value penalty for catching quota fish species which they didn't have annual catch entitlement—or ACE—for. Dr Simmons showed that there was really gross under-reporting of what fishers were catching over many decades. Some 25 million tonnes of fish between 1950 and 2016 hadn't been reported by New Zealand to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation.