There is also the need for adaptation. We have already changed our future world, and the question now is: by how much? The scale and time frames for the need for adaptation are wildly variable, depending on how the world—including New Zealand—responds to the decarbonisation targets. So that makes planning for adaptation especially complex and difficult, but not insurmountable. In Dunedin, we have a number of areas affected by heavy rain events synonymous with climate change. The homes affected are not expensive coastal properties. If sea level rise is not a factor, then there are many interventions that can be made to enable people to live safely in these areas for now—things like building higher off the ground, over-grounding infrastructure, taking much greater care in stormwater management, and more. None of this is the status quo, and more might be needed depending on what happens globally with those decarbonisation targets. So we have to be able to accept the complexity and the need for an iterative approach. An intervention that works for the next 30 years may not last for the next 100 years—but it might. We must not simply throw up our hands and give up on areas where people have built communities over generations without first trying to change by working collectively with central government, councils, mana whenua, and local communities. Planning for different scenarios and trigger points is required.