The first pillar, setting this clear and consistent obligation, clarifies to permit and licence holders what is expected of them. That is, who the obligation applies to and what they must decommission. Failure to fulfil this obligation will attract a civil pecuniary or criminal penalty, depending on the circumstances. The potential criminal penalty reflects the high level of public interest involved, and the potential health and safety and environmental risks that are associated with this work. As part of this obligation, I'm also introducing the concept of perpetual liability, which is a trailing liability, meaning if somebody transfers their interest in a permit, they will continue to be held liable for the costs of decommissioning in the event that the current permit holder fails to fulfil their obligations. 