These policies will have little bearing on the purchasing behaviour of the wealthiest New Zealanders, but it will almost certainly drive up costs for lower-income families, tradespersons, and those in our rural communities who have few alternatives, if any. It will also have no material impact on supply, which is patchy at best. The costs of a new or used petrol diesel vehicle could increase by between $10,000 to $15,000 between now and 2027, and that's before any allowance for manufacturer price increases. 