The Land Act 1948 brought about significant change to the management of Crown land. It abolished the distinctions between different land classifications and reduced the number of tenures in which Crown land could be held from approximately 40 to four standard tenures—namely freehold, renewable lease, pastoral occupation licence, and pastoral lease. This, effectively, gave leaseholders a degree of certainty of tenure and, therefore, the incentive to invest in the future protection of the land, and this is exactly what has happened over generations. Families have invested in the land and they have improved the environmental outcomes very significantly. In fact, if I turn to one station in my electorate across the Wakatipu lake, Mount Nicholas Station has over 160 years of farming history, but only 16 percent of that land has introduced pasture and regular fertiliser applications—83.9 percent of the station is in indigenous vegetation. 