Consumers who purchase high-emission vehicles will be required to pay a charge in recognition of the increased environmental and economic costs that they are imposing. The revenue from those charges will be used to reward consumers who purchase vehicles that contribute to lowering carbon dioxide emissions through a rebate issued on the first New Zealand registration of the vehicle. Charges and rebates are one-off and will only apply to light vehicles when first registered for use on New Zealand roads, and do not apply to vehicles that are already in the fleet.