We know that our Muslim and ethnic communities have been reporting hate crimes and hate speech for years. The Muslim council of New Zealand told us that. But there was no way for police to track it, because hate crimes aren't clearly defined in our Crimes Act—even real targeted threats of gun violence that are motivated by hate. I know that as my daily truth, as a politician who is perceived to be Muslim and known to be a refugee, and I've spoken about the threats I get of gun violence, death threats, rape threats, of shotguns to be loaded, based specifically on those characteristics. Every minority in New Zealand knows that threat in online spaces and bleeding into our everyday lives. Our Muslim whānau, Māori—our East Asian and Pacific communities saw it with the racist threats after COVID—our rainbow community, trans women. And it spreads online. As leaders, we have to stop and listen. 