Women's Refuge chief executive Ang Jury commented on this high threshold after the refuge conducted a study researching the links between domestic violence and suicide. She said, "This is a subjective and arbitrary determination of whether an offence has occurred, and needs to be reviewed." This call for change was also echoed by Tess Upperton in her dissertation on revenge porn, where she writes, "The offence is too broadly worded to provide a strong deterrent to perpetrators of revenge porn, as its focus is on the outcome rather than the act itself."