This is an interesting topic about enforcing criminal law on international waters. This is described in the purpose in clause 3 to "(a) provide clear powers for the enforcement of New Zealand's criminal law in international waters; and (b) uphold New Zealand's rights and obligations under international law, particularly the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, consistent with international human rights". So this law applies to both New Zealand boats in international waters and international boats within waters where New Zealand has jurisdiction. 