The Treaty of Waitangi, in the English version, in the second article, says that "Her Majesty the Queen of England … guarantees … the full exclusive and undisturbed possession of their Lands and Estates Forests Fisheries and other properties" which the chiefs and tribes of New Zealand had in their possession. Then, as we know from reading our recent history, a number of egregious acts were committed, not solely by the Crown, which dispossessed Ngāti Maru and other iwi and hapū of their lands. 