def _arrow_array_to_numpy(self, pa_array: pa.Array) -> np.ndarray:
        if isinstance(pa_array, pa.ChunkedArray):
            if isinstance(pa_array.type, _ArrayXDExtensionType):
                # don't call to_pylist() to preserve dtype of the fixed-size array
                zero_copy_only = _is_zero_copy_only(pa_array.type.storage_dtype, unnest=True)
                array: List = [
                    row for chunk in pa_array.chunks for row in chunk.to_numpy(zero_copy_only=zero_copy_only)
                ]
            else:
                zero_copy_only = _is_zero_copy_only(pa_array.type) and all(
                    not _is_array_with_nulls(chunk) for chunk in pa_array.chunks
                )
                array: List = [
                    row for chunk in pa_array.chunks for row in chunk.to_numpy(zero_copy_only=zero_copy_only)
                ]
        else:
            if isinstance(pa_array.type, _ArrayXDExtensionType):